0 files changed, 0 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.appveyor.yml b/.appveyor.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..05ff204541
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.appveyor.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+---
+version: '{build}'
+init:
+  - git config --global user.name git
+  - git config --global user.email svn-admin@ruby-lang.org
+  - git config --global core.autocrlf false
+  - git config --global core.eol lf
+  - git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
+shallow_clone: true
+clone_depth: 10
+platform:
+  - x64
+skip_commits:
+  message: /\[DOC\]/
+  files:
+    - doc/*
+    - '**/*.md'
+    - '**/*.rdoc'
+    - '**/.document'
+    - '**/*.[1-8]'
+    - '**/*.ronn'
+environment:
+  ruby_version: "24-%Platform%"
+  matrix:
+    # Test only the oldest supported version because AppVeyor is unstable, its concurrency
+    # is limited, and compatibility issues that happen only in newer versions are rare.
+    # You may test some other stuff on GitHub Actions instead.
+    - build: vs
+      vs: 120 # Visual Studio 2013
+      ssl: OpenSSL-v111
+      # The worker image name. This is NOT the Visual Studio version we're using here.
+      APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+      GEMS_FOR_TEST: ""
+  RELINE_TEST_ENCODING: "UTF-8"
+cache:
+  - c:\Tools\vcpkg\installed\
+for:
+-
+  matrix:
+    only:
+      - build: vs
+  install:
+    - ver
+    - chcp
+    - SET BITS=%Platform:x86=32%
+    - SET BITS=%BITS:x=%
+    - SET OPENSSL_DIR=C:\%ssl%-Win%BITS%
+    - cd C:\Tools\vcpkg
+    - git pull -q
+    - .\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat
+    - ps: Start-FileDownload 'https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg-tool/releases/download/2023-08-09/vcpkg.exe' -FileName 'C:\Tools\vcpkg\vcpkg.exe'
+    - cd %APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%
+    - vcpkg --triplet %Platform%-windows install --x-use-aria2 libffi libyaml readline zlib
+    - CALL SET vcvars=%%^VS%VS%COMNTOOLS^%%..\..\VC\vcvarsall.bat
+    - SET vcvars
+    - '"%vcvars%" %Platform:x64=amd64%'
+    - SET ruby_path=C:\Ruby%ruby_version:-x86=%
+    - SET PATH=\usr\local\bin;%ruby_path%\bin;%PATH%;C:\msys64\mingw64\bin;C:\msys64\usr\bin
+    - ruby --version
+    - 'cl'
+    - echo> Makefile srcdir=.
+    - echo>> Makefile MSC_VER=0
+    - echo>> Makefile RT=none
+    - echo>> Makefile RT_VER=0
+    - echo>> Makefile BUILTIN_ENCOBJS=nul
+    - type win32\Makefile.sub >> Makefile
+    - nmake %mflags% up VCSUP="echo Update OK"
+    - nmake %mflags% extract-extlibs
+    - del Makefile
+    - mkdir \usr\local\bin
+    - mkdir \usr\local\include
+    - mkdir \usr\local\lib
+    - for %%I in (%OPENSSL_DIR%\*.dll) do mklink /h \usr\local\bin\%%~nxI %%I
+    - for %%I in (c:\Tools\vcpkg\installed\%Platform%-windows\bin\*.dll) do (
+        if not %%~nI == readline mklink \usr\local\bin\%%~nxI %%I
+      )
+    - attrib +r /s /d
+    - mkdir %Platform%-mswin_%vs%
+  build_script:
+    - set HAVE_GIT=no
+    - cd %APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%
+    - cd %Platform%-mswin_%vs%
+    - >-
+      ..\win32\configure.bat
+      --with-opt-dir="/usr/local;c:/Tools/vcpkg/installed/%Platform%-windows"
+      --with-openssl-dir=%OPENSSL_DIR:\=/%
+    - nmake -l
+    - nmake install-nodoc
+    - \usr\bin\ruby -v -e "p :locale => Encoding.find('locale'), :filesystem => Encoding.find('filesystem')"
+    - if not "%GEMS_FOR_TEST%" == "" \usr\bin\gem install --no-document %GEMS_FOR_TEST%
+    - \usr\bin\ruby -ropenssl -e "puts 'Build    ' + OpenSSL::OPENSSL_VERSION, 'Runtime  ' + OpenSSL::OPENSSL_LIBRARY_VERSION"
+  test_script:
+    - set /a JOBS=%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%
+    - nmake -l "TESTOPTS=-v -q" btest
+    - nmake -l "TESTOPTS=-v -q" test-basic
+    - >-
+      nmake -l "TESTOPTS=--timeout-scale=3.0
+      --excludes=../test/excludes/_appveyor -j%JOBS%
+      --exclude win32ole
+      --exclude test_bignum
+      --exclude test_syntax
+      --exclude test_open-uri
+      --exclude test_bundled_ca
+      " test-all
+    # separately execute tests without -j which may crash worker with -j.
+    - >-
+      nmake -l
+      "TESTOPTS=--timeout-scale=3.0 --excludes=../test/excludes/_appveyor"
+      TESTS="
+      ../test/win32ole
+      ../test/ruby/test_bignum.rb
+      ../test/ruby/test_syntax.rb
+      ../test/open-uri/test_open-uri.rb
+      ../test/rubygems/test_bundled_ca.rb
+      " test-all
+    - nmake -l test-spec MSPECOPT=-fs # not using `-j` because sometimes `mspec -j` silently dies on Windows
+notifications:
+  - provider: Webhook
+    method: POST
+    url:
+      secure: CcFlJNDJ/a6to7u3Z4Fnz6dScEPNx7hTha2GkSRlV+1U6dqmxY/7uBcLXYb9gR3jfQk6w+2o/HrjNAyXMNGU/JOka3s2WRI4VKitzM+lQ08owvJIh0R7LxrGH0J2e81U # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+    body: >-
+      {{^isPullRequest}}
+        {
+          "ci": "AppVeyor CI",
+          "env": "Visual Studio 2013",
+          "url": "{{buildUrl}}",
+          "commit": "{{commitId}}",
+          "branch": "{{branch}}"
+        }
+      {{/isPullRequest}}
+    on_build_success: false
+    on_build_failure: true
+    on_build_status_changed: false
diff --git a/.document b/.document
index 0e0969a6d3..3a6b0c238c 100644
--- a/.document
+++ b/.document
@@ -10,16 +10,26 @@
 # prelude
 prelude.rb
 rbconfig.rb
+
 array.rb
 ast.rb
 dir.rb
 gc.rb
-integer.rb
 io.rb
 kernel.rb
+marshal.rb
+mjit.rb
+numeric.rb
+nilclass.rb
 pack.rb
+ractor.rb
+string.rb
+symbol.rb
+timev.rb
+thread_sync.rb
 trace_point.rb
 warning.rb
+yjit.rb
 
 # the lib/ directory (which has its own .document file)
 lib
@@ -35,7 +45,6 @@ README.ja.md
 
 COPYING
 COPYING.ja
-CONTRIBUTING.md
 
 LEGAL
 
diff --git a/.gdbinit b/.gdbinit
index 714d7bee10..34d044caf6 100644
--- a/.gdbinit
+++ b/.gdbinit
@@ -265,6 +265,10 @@ define rp
     printf "%sT_ZOMBIE%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
     print (struct RData *)($arg0)
   else
+  if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_MOVED
+    printf "%sT_MOVED%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
+    print *(struct RMoved *)$arg0
+  else
     printf "%sunknown%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
     print (struct RBasic *)($arg0)
   end
@@ -300,6 +304,7 @@ define rp
   end
   end
   end
+  end
 end
 document rp
   Print a Ruby's VALUE.
@@ -539,13 +544,13 @@ end
 
 define rp_class
   printf "(struct RClass *) %p", (void*)$arg0
-  if ((struct RClass *)($arg0))->ptr.origin_ != $arg0
-    printf " -> %p", ((struct RClass *)($arg0))->ptr.origin_
+  if RCLASS_ORIGIN((struct RClass *)($arg0)) != $arg0
+    printf " -> %p", RCLASS_ORIGIN((struct RClass *)($arg0))
   end
   printf "\n"
   rb_classname $arg0
   print/x *(struct RClass *)($arg0)
-  print *((struct RClass *)($arg0))->ptr
+  print *RCLASS_EXT((struct RClass *)($arg0))
 end
 document rp_class
   Print the content of a Class/Module.
@@ -974,8 +979,8 @@ end
 
 define rb_ps_vm
   print $ps_vm = (rb_vm_t*)$arg0
-  set $ps_thread_ln = $ps_vm->living_threads.n.next
-  set $ps_thread_ln_last = $ps_vm->living_threads.n.prev
+  set $ps_thread_ln      = $ps_vm->ractor.main_ractor.threads.set.n.next
+  set $ps_thread_ln_last = $ps_vm->ractor.main_ractor.threads.set.n.prev
   while 1
     set $ps_thread_th = (rb_thread_t *)$ps_thread_ln
     set $ps_thread = (VALUE)($ps_thread_th->self)
@@ -1097,11 +1102,11 @@ define print_id
           set $arylen = $ary->as.heap.len
         end
         set $result = $aryptr[($serial % ID_ENTRY_UNIT) * ID_ENTRY_SIZE + $t]
-	if $result != RUBY_Qnil
+        if $result != RUBY_Qnil
           print_string $result
-	else
-	  echo undef
-	end
+        else
+          echo undef
+        end
       end
     end
   end
@@ -1319,8 +1324,7 @@ define print_flags
   printf "RUBY_FL_PROMOTED0   : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_PROMOTED0 ? "1" : "0"
   printf "RUBY_FL_PROMOTED1   : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_PROMOTED1 ? "1" : "0"
   printf "RUBY_FL_FINALIZE    : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_FINALIZE ? "1" : "0"
-  printf "RUBY_FL_TAINT       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_TAINT ? "1" : "0"
-  printf "RUBY_FL_UNTRUSTED   : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_UNTRUSTED ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_SHAREABLE   : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_SHAREABLE ? "1" : "0"
   printf "RUBY_FL_EXIVAR      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_EXIVAR ? "1" : "0"
   printf "RUBY_FL_FREEZE      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_FREEZE ? "1" : "0"
 
diff --git a/.git-blame-ignore-revs b/.git-blame-ignore-revs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c5eac5a0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.git-blame-ignore-revs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# This is a file used by GitHub to ignore the following commits on `git blame`.
+#
+# You can also do the same thing in your local repository with:
+# $ git config --local blame.ignoreRevsFile .git-blame-ignore-revs
+
+# Expand tabs
+5b21e94bebed90180d8ff63dad03b8b948361089
+
+# Enable Style/StringLiterals cop for RubyGems/Bundler
+d7ffd3fea402239b16833cc434404a7af82d44f3
+
+# [ruby/digest] Revert tab-expansion in external files
+48b09aae7ec5632209229dcc294dd0d75a93a17f
+8a65cf3b61c60e4cb886f59a73ff6db44364bfa9
+39dc9f9093901d40d2998653948d5da38b18ee2c
+
+# [ruby/io-nonblock] Revert tab expansion
+f28287d34c03f472ffe90ea262bdde9affd4b965
+0d842fecb4f75ab3b1d4097ebdb8e88f51558041
+4ba2c66761d6a293abdfba409241d31063cefd62
+
+# Make benchmark indentation consistent
+fc4acf8cae82e5196186d3278d831f2438479d91
diff --git a/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml b/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
index 7196708b21..91f82b842b 100644
--- a/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
+++ b/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 name: "CodeQL config for the Ruby language"
 
-paths-ignore:
-  - '/ext/**/*/conftest.c'
+languages: cpp
diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bc63aca35b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: 'github-actions'
+    directory: '/'
+    schedule:
+      interval: 'monthly'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/baseruby.yml b/.github/workflows/baseruby.yml
index ff44f91755..ebaafe3bf0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/baseruby.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/baseruby.yml
@@ -1,38 +1,71 @@
 name: BASERUBY Check
 
-on: [push, pull_request]
+on:
+  push:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
 
 jobs:
   baseruby:
     name: BASERUBY
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
         ruby:
           - ruby-2.2
-          - ruby-2.3
-          - ruby-2.4
-          - ruby-2.5
-          - ruby-2.6
-          - ruby-2.7
+#         - ruby-2.3
+#         - ruby-2.4
+#         - ruby-2.5
+#         - ruby-2.6
+#         - ruby-2.7
+          - ruby-3.0
+          - ruby-3.1
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+        with:
+          path: .downloaded-cache
+          key: downloaded-cache
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@13e7a03dc3ac6c3798f4570bfead2aed4d96abfb # v1.244.0
         with:
           ruby-version: ${{ matrix.ruby }}
           bundler: none
-      - run: echo "make=make -sj$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-      - run: sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf bison
-      - run: autoconf
+      - run: echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - run: sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf bison libyaml-dev
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
       - run: ./configure --disable-install-doc
-      - run: $make update-unicode
-      - run: $make common-srcs
-      - run: $make incs
-      - run: $make all
-      - run: $make test
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+      - run: make common-srcs
+      - run: make incs
+      - run: make all
+      - run: make test
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
@@ -40,8 +73,8 @@ jobs:
               "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / BASERUBY @ ${{ matrix.ruby }}",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
-        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+        if: ${{ failure() && github.event_name == 'push' }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/bundled_gems.yml b/.github/workflows/bundled_gems.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..070c0fa1dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/bundled_gems.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+name: bundled_gems
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ "master" ]
+    paths:
+      - '.github/workflows/bundled_gems.yml'
+      - 'gems/bundled_gems'
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ "master" ]
+    paths:
+      - '.github/workflows/bundled_gems.yml'
+      - 'gems/bundled_gems'
+  merge_group:
+    branches: [ "master" ]
+    paths:
+      - '.github/workflows/bundled_gems.yml'
+      - 'gems/bundled_gems'
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '45 6 * * *'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:  # added using https://github.com/step-security/secure-workflows
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  update:
+    permissions:
+      contents: write  # for Git to git push
+    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' || github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' }}
+    name: update ${{ github.workflow }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: git config
+        run: |
+          git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
+          git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
+
+      - name: Set ENV
+        run: |
+          echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "TODAY=$(date +%F)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+        with:
+          path: .downloaded-cache
+          key: downloaded-cache-${{ github.sha }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            downloaded-cache
+
+      - name: Download previous gems list
+        run: |
+          data=bundled_gems.json
+          mkdir -p .downloaded-cache
+          ln -s .downloaded-cache/$data .
+          curl -O -R -z ./$data https://stdgems.org/$data
+
+      - name: Update bundled gems list
+        run: |
+          ruby -i~ tool/update-bundled_gems.rb gems/bundled_gems
+
+      - name: Maintain updated gems list in NEWS
+        run: |
+          #!ruby
+          require 'json'
+          news = File.read("NEWS.md")
+          prev = news[/since the \*+(\d+\.\d+\.\d+)\*+/, 1]
+          prevs = [prev, prev.sub(/\.\d+\z/, '')]
+          %W[bundled].each do |type|
+            last = JSON.parse(File.read("#{type}_gems.json"))['gems'].filter_map do |g|
+              v = g['versions'].values_at(*prevs).compact.first
+              g = g['gem']
+              g = 'RubyGems' if g == 'rubygems'
+              [g, v] if v
+            end.to_h
+            changed = File.foreach("gems/#{type}_gems").filter_map do |l|
+              next if l.start_with?("#")
+              g, v = l.split(" ", 3)
+              [g, v] unless last[g] == v
+            end
+            changed, added = changed.partition {|g, _| last[g]}
+            news.sub!(/^\*( +)The following #{type} gems? are updated\.\n+\K(?: \1\*( +).*\n)*/) do
+              mark = "#{$1} *#{$2}"
+              changed.map {|g, v|"#{mark}#{g} #{v}\n"}.join("")
+            end or next
+            news.sub!(/^\*( +)The following default gems are now bundled gems\.\n+\K(?: \1\*( +).*\n)*/) do
+              mark = "#{$1} *#{$2}"
+              added.map {|g, v|"#{mark}#{g} #{v}\n"}.join("")
+            end or next unless added.empty?
+            File.write("NEWS.md", news)
+          end
+        shell: ruby {0}
+
+      - name: Check diffs
+        id: diff
+        run: |
+          git add -- NEWS.md
+          git diff --no-ext-diff --ignore-submodules --quiet -- gems/bundled_gems
+        continue-on-error: true
+
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          sudo apt-get update -q || :
+          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev bison autoconf ruby
+        if: ${{ steps.diff.outcome == 'failure' }}
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          ./autogen.sh
+          ./configure -C --disable-install-doc
+          make
+        if: ${{ steps.diff.outcome == 'failure' }}
+
+      - name: Prepare bundled gems
+        run: |
+          make -s prepare-gems
+        if: ${{ steps.diff.outcome == 'failure' }}
+
+      - name: Test bundled gems
+        run: |
+          make -s test-bundled-gems
+          git add -- gems/bundled_gems
+        timeout-minutes: 30
+        env:
+          RUBY_TESTOPTS: "-q --tty=no"
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: ""
+        if: ${{ steps.diff.outcome == 'failure' }}
+
+      - name: Show diffs
+        id: show
+        run: |
+          git diff --cached --color --no-ext-diff --ignore-submodules --exit-code --
+        continue-on-error: true
+
+      - name: Commit
+        run: |
+          git pull --ff-only origin ${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}
+          message="Update bundled gems list at "
+          if [ ${{ steps.diff.outcome }} = success ]; then
+            git commit --message="${message}${GITHUB_SHA:0:30} [ci skip]"
+          else
+            git commit --message="${message}${TODAY}"
+          fi
+          git push origin ${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}
+        env:
+          EMAIL: svn-admin@ruby-lang.org
+          GIT_AUTHOR_NAME: git
+          GIT_COMMITTER_NAME: git
+        if: ${{ github.repository == 'ruby/ruby' && !startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && steps.show.outcome == 'failure' }}
+
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / update",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() && github.event_name == 'push' }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/check_branch.yml b/.github/workflows/check_branch.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 37cf3a9a8f..0000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/check_branch.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-# We bidirectionally synchronize github.com/ruby/ruby.git's master branch and
-# git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git's master branch.
-# We can use a pull request's merge button only on the master branch.
-#
-# Therefore, we require to pass this "check_branch" on all protected branches
-# to prevent us from accidentally pushing commits to GitHub directly.
-#
-# Details: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16094
-name: Pull Request
-on: [pull_request]
-jobs:
-  check_branch:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Check if branch is master
-        run: |
-          if [ "$BASE_REF" != master ]; then
-            echo "Only master branch accepts a pull request, but it's '$BASE_REF'."
-            exit 1
-          fi
-        env:
-          BASE_REF: ${{ github.base_ref }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/check_dependencies.yml b/.github/workflows/check_dependencies.yml
index c878caddeb..79b2916feb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/check_dependencies.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/check_dependencies.yml
@@ -1,36 +1,69 @@
 name: Check Dependencies
-on: [push, pull_request]
+on:
+  push:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   update-deps:
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, macos-latest]
+        os: [ubuntu-22.04]
       fail-fast: true
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
     steps:
       - name: Install libraries
         run: |
           set -x
           sudo apt-get update -q || :
-          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev libgdbm-dev bison autoconf ruby
-        if: "contains(matrix.os, 'ubuntu')"
+          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev bison autoconf ruby
+        if: ${{ contains(matrix.os, 'ubuntu') }}
       - name: Install libraries
         run: |
-          brew upgrade
-          brew install gdbm gmp libffi openssl@1.1 zlib autoconf automake libtool readline
-        if: "contains(matrix.os, 'macos')"
+          brew install gmp libffi openssl@1.1 zlib autoconf automake libtool readline
+        if: ${{ contains(matrix.os, 'macos') }}
       - name: git config
         run: |
           git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - run: autoconf
+          git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+        with:
+          path: .downloaded-cache
+          key: downloaded-cache
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
       - name: Run configure
         run: ./configure -C --disable-install-doc --disable-rubygems --with-gcc 'optflags=-O0' 'debugflags=-save-temps=obj -g'
       - run: make all golf
       - run: ruby tool/update-deps --fix
       - run: git diff --no-ext-diff --ignore-submodules --exit-code
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
@@ -38,8 +71,8 @@ jobs:
               "env": "${{ matrix.os }} / Dependencies need to update",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
-        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+        if: ${{ failure() && github.event_name == 'push' }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/check_encoding.yml b/.github/workflows/check_encoding.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 7b0d60bf67..0000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/check_encoding.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-name: Check C-source encoding
-on: [push, pull_request]
-
-jobs:
-  check_encoding:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - name: Check if C-sources are US-ASCII
-        run: |
-          ! grep -r -n '[^	 -~]' *.[chy] include internal win32/*.[ch]
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
index 9fbabd35c6..8dba76fbe2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
@@ -1,43 +1,75 @@
 name: "Code scanning - action"
 
 on:
-  push:
-  pull_request:
+  # push:
+  #   paths-ignore:
+  #     - 'doc/**'
+  #     - '**/man'
+  #     - '**.md'
+  #     - '**.rdoc'
+  #     - '**/.document'
+  # pull_request:
+  #   paths-ignore:
+  #     - 'doc/**'
+  #     - '**/man'
+  #     - '**.md'
+  #     - '**.rdoc'
+  #     - '**/.document'
   schedule:
-    - cron: '0 12 * * 4'
+    - cron: '0 12 * * *'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:  # added using https://github.com/step-security/secure-workflows
+  contents: read
 
 jobs:
   CodeQL-Build:
 
     # CodeQL runs on ubuntu-latest and windows-latest
+    permissions:
+      actions: read  # for github/codeql-action/init to get workflow details
+      contents: read  # for actions/checkout to fetch code
+      security-events: write  # for github/codeql-action/autobuild to send a status report
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # CodeQL fails to run pull requests from dependabot due to missing write access to upload results.
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') && github.event.head_commit.pusher.name != 'dependabot[bot]' }}
+
+    env:
+      enable_install_doc: no
 
     steps:
     - name: Install libraries
       run: |
         set -x
         sudo apt-get update -q || :
-        sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev libgdbm-dev bison autoconf ruby
+        sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev bison autoconf ruby
 
     - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      with:
-        fetch-depth: 2
+      uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
 
-    - run: git checkout HEAD^2
-      if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+    - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+      with:
+        path: .downloaded-cache
+        key: downloaded-cache
 
     - name: Remove an obsolete rubygems vendored file
       run: sudo rm /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/rubygems/defaults/operating_system.rb
 
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@959cbb7472c4d4ad70cdfe6f4976053fe48ab394 # v2.1.37
       with:
-        languages: cpp
         config-file: ./.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
+        trap-caching: false
+
+    - name: Set ENV
+      run: echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
     - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@959cbb7472c4d4ad70cdfe6f4976053fe48ab394 # v2.1.37
 
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@959cbb7472c4d4ad70cdfe6f4976053fe48ab394 # v2.1.37
diff --git a/.github/workflows/compilers.yml b/.github/workflows/compilers.yml
index 7ab65fe9af..caf12cc0f4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/compilers.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/compilers.yml
@@ -1,17 +1,39 @@
 name: Compilations
 
-on: [push, pull_request]
+on:
+  push:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
 
-# Github actions does not support YAML anchors.  This creative use of
-# environment variables (plus the "echo ::set-env" hack) is to reroute that
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+# GitHub actions does not support YAML anchors.  This creative use of
+# environment variables (plus the "echo $GITHUB_ENV" hack) is to reroute that
 # restriction.
 env:
-  default_cc: clang-11
+  default_cc: clang-15
   append_cc: ''
-  crosshost: ''
 
   # -O1 is faster than -O3 in our tests... Majority of time are consumed trying
-  # to optimize binaries.  Also Github Actions runs on a relatively modern CPU
+  # to optimize binaries.  Also GitHub Actions run on relatively modern CPUs
   # compared to, say, GCC 4 or Clang 3.  We don't specify `-march=native`
   # because compilers tend not understand what the CPU is.
   optflags: '-O1'
@@ -41,163 +63,206 @@ env:
     --color=always
     --tty=no
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   compile:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
+        env:
+          - {}
         entry:
-          - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-10,    value: gcc-10 }
-          - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-9,     value: gcc-9 }
-          - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-8,     value: gcc-8 }
-          - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-7,     value: gcc-7 }
-          - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-6,     value: gcc-6 }
-          - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-5,     value: gcc-5 }
-          - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-4.8,   value: gcc-4.8 }
-          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-12,  value: clang-12 }
-          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-11,  value: clang-11 }
-          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-10,  value: clang-10 }
-          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-9,   value: clang-9 }
-          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-8,   value: clang-8 }
-          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-7,   value: clang-7 }
-          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-6.0, value: clang-6.0 }
-          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-5.0, value: clang-5.0 }
-          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-4.0, value: clang-4.0 }
-          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-3.9, value: clang-3.9 }
-
-          - { key: crosshost, name: aarch64-linux-gnu,     value: aarch64-linux-gnu }
-#         - { key: crosshost, name: arm-linux-gnueabi,     value: arm-linux-gnueabi }
-#         - { key: crosshost, name: arm-linux-gnueabihf,   value: arm-linux-gnueabihf }
-#         - { key: crosshost, name: i686-w64-mingw32,      value: i686-w64-mingw32 }
-#         - { key: crosshost, name: powerpc-linux-gnu,     value: powerpc-linux-gnu }
-          - { key: crosshost, name: powerpc64le-linux-gnu, value: powerpc64le-linux-gnu }
-          - { key: crosshost, name: s390x-linux-gnu,       value: s390x-linux-gnu }
-          - { key: crosshost, name: x86_64-w64-mingw32,    value: x86_64-w64-mingw32 }
-
-          - { key: append_cc, name: c99,   value: '-std=c99   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors' }
-          - { key: append_cc, name: c11,   value: '-std=c11   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors' }
-          - { key: append_cc, name: c17,   value: '-std=c17   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors' }
-          - { key: append_cc, name: c2x,   value: '-std=c2x   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors' }
-          - { key: CXXFLAGS,  name: c++98, value: '-std=c++98 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }
-          - { key: CXXFLAGS,  name: c++11, value: '-std=c++11 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }
-          - { key: CXXFLAGS,  name: c++14, value: '-std=c++14 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }
-          - { key: CXXFLAGS,  name: c++17, value: '-std=c++17 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }
-          - { key: CXXFLAGS,  name: c++2a, value: '-std=c++2a -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }
-
-          - { key: optflags, name: '-O0', value: '-O0 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic' }
-          - { key: optflags, name: '-O3', value: '-O3 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic' }
-
-          - { key: append_configure, name: gmp,                  value: '--with-gmp' }
-          - { key: append_configure, name: jemalloc,             value: '--with-jemalloc' }
-          - { key: append_configure, name: valgrind,             value: '--with-valgrind' }
-          - { key: append_configure, name: 'coroutine=ucontext', value: '--with-coroutine=ucontext' }
-          - { key: append_configure, name: 'coroutine=copy',     value: '--with-coroutine=copy' }
-          - { key: append_configure, name: disable-jit-support,  value: '--disable-jit-support' }
-          - { key: append_configure, name: disable-dln,          value: '--disable-dln' }
-          - { key: append_configure, name: disable-rubygems,     value: '--disable-rubygems' }
-
-          - { key: cppflags, name: OPT_THREADED_CODE=1,            value: '-DOPT_THREADED_CODE=1' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: OPT_THREADED_CODE=2,            value: '-DOPT_THREADED_CODE=2' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: OPT_THREADED_CODE=3,            value: '-DOPT_THREADED_CODE=3' }
-
-          - { key: cppflags, name: NDEBUG,                         value: '-DNDEBUG' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: RUBY_DEBUG,                     value: '-DRUBY_DEBUG' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: ARRAY_DEBUG,                    value: '-DARRAY_DEBUG' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: BIGNUM_DEBUG,                   value: '-DBIGNUM_DEBUG' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: CCAN_LIST_DEBUG,                value: '-DCCAN_LIST_DEBUG' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: CPDEBUG=-1,                     value: '-DCPDEBUG=-1' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: ENC_DEBUG,                      value: '-DENC_DEBUG' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: GC_DEBUG,                       value: '-DGC_DEBUG' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: HASH_DEBUG,                     value: '-DHASH_DEBUG' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: ID_TABLE_DEBUG,                 value: '-DID_TABLE_DEBUG' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_DEBUG=-1,                value: '-DRGENGC_DEBUG=-1' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: SYMBOL_DEBUG,                   value: '-DSYMBOL_DEBUG' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: THREAD_DEBUG=-1,                value: '-DTHREAD_DEBUG=-1' }
-
-          - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_CHECK_MODE,              value: '-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: TRANSIENT_HEAP_CHECK_MODE,      value: '-DTRANSIENT_HEAP_CHECK_MODE' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: VM_CHECK_MODE,                  value: '-DVM_CHECK_MODE' }
-
-          - { key: cppflags, name: USE_EMBED_CI=0,                 value: '-DUSE_EMBED_CI=0' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: USE_FLONUM=0,                   value: '-DUSE_FLONUM=0' }
-#         - { key: cppflags, name: USE_GC_MALLOC_OBJ_INFO_DETAILS, value: '-DUSE_GC_MALLOC_OBJ_INFO_DETAILS' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: USE_LAZY_LOAD,                  value: '-DUSE_LAZY_LOAD' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: USE_RINCGC=0,                   value: '-DUSE_RINCGC=0' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: USE_SYMBOL_GC=0,                value: '-DUSE_SYMBOL_GC=0' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: USE_THREAD_CACHE=0,             value: '-DUSE_THREAD_CACHE=0' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: USE_TRANSIENT_HEAP=0,           value: '-DUSE_TRANSIENT_HEAP=0' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: USE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG=1,           value: '-DUSE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG=1' }
-
-          - { key: cppflags, name: DEBUG_FIND_TIME_NUMGUESS,       value: '-DDEBUG_FIND_TIME_NUMGUESS' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: DEBUG_INTEGER_PACK,             value: '-DDEBUG_INTEGER_PACK' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: ENABLE_PATH_CHECK,              value: '-DENABLE_PATH_CHECK' }
-
-          - { key: cppflags, name: GC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS,       value: '-DGC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: GC_ENABLE_LAZY_SWEEP=0,         value: '-DGC_ENABLE_LAZY_SWEEP=0' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: GC_PROFILE_DETAIL_MEMOTY,       value: '-DGC_PROFILE_DETAIL_MEMOTY' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: GC_PROFILE_MORE_DETAIL,         value: '-DGC_PROFILE_MORE_DETAIL' }
-
-          - { key: cppflags, name: CALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE,         value: '-DCALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: MALLOC_ALLOCATED_SIZE_CHECK,    value: '-DMALLOC_ALLOCATED_SIZE_CHECK' }
-
-          - { key: cppflags, name: IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER,   value: '-DIBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER' }
-
-          - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC,      value: '-DRGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_FORCE_MAJOR_GC,          value: '-DRGENGC_FORCE_MAJOR_GC' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_OBJ_INFO,                value: '-DRGENGC_OBJ_INFO' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_OLD_NEWOBJ_CHECK,        value: '-DRGENGC_OLD_NEWOBJ_CHECK' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_PROFILE,                 value: '-DRGENGC_PROFILE' }
-
-          - { key: cppflags, name: VM_DEBUG_BP_CHECK,              value: '-DVM_DEBUG_BP_CHECK' }
-          - { key: cppflags, name: VM_DEBUG_VERIFY_METHOD_CACHE,   value: '-DVM_DEBUG_VERIFY_METHOD_CACHE' }
-
-          - { key: cppflags, name: MJIT_FORCE_ENABLE,              value: '-DMJIT_FORCE_ENABLE' }
+          - { name: gcc-12,    env: { default_cc: gcc-12 } }
+          - { name: gcc-11,    env: { default_cc: gcc-11 } }
+          - { name: gcc-10,    env: { default_cc: gcc-10 } }
+          - { name: gcc-9,     env: { default_cc: gcc-9 } }
+          - { name: gcc-8,     env: { default_cc: gcc-8 } }
+          - { name: gcc-7,     env: { default_cc: gcc-7 } }
+          - name: 'gcc-13 LTO'
+            container: gcc-13
+            env:
+              default_cc: 'gcc-13 -flto=auto -ffat-lto-objects -Werror=lto-type-mismatch'
+              optflags: '-O2'
+            shared: disable
+            # check: true
+          - { name: clang-16,  env: { default_cc: clang-16 } }
+          - { name: clang-15,  env: { default_cc: clang-15 } }
+          - { name: clang-14,  env: { default_cc: clang-14 } }
+          - { name: clang-13,  env: { default_cc: clang-13 } }
+          - { name: clang-12,  env: { default_cc: clang-12 } }
+          - { name: clang-11,  env: { default_cc: clang-11 } }
+          - { name: clang-10,  env: { default_cc: clang-10 } }
+          # llvm-objcopy<=9 doesn't have --wildcard. It compiles, but leaves Rust symbols in libyjit.o.
+          - { name: clang-9,   env: { default_cc: clang-9,   append_configure: '--disable-yjit' } }
+          - { name: clang-8,   env: { default_cc: clang-8,   append_configure: '--disable-yjit' } }
+          - { name: clang-7,   env: { default_cc: clang-7,   append_configure: '--disable-yjit' } }
+          - { name: clang-6.0, env: { default_cc: clang-6.0, append_configure: '--disable-yjit' } }
+          - name: 'clang-16 LTO'
+            container: clang-16
+            env:
+              default_cc: 'clang-16 -flto=auto'
+              optflags: '-O2'
+            shared: disable
+            # check: true
+
+#         - { name: aarch64-linux-gnu,     crosshost: aarch64-linux-gnu, container: crossbuild-essential-arm64 }
+#         - { name: arm-linux-gnueabi,     crosshost: arm-linux-gnueabi }
+#         - { name: arm-linux-gnueabihf,   crosshost: arm-linux-gnueabihf }
+#         - { name: i686-w64-mingw32,      crosshost: i686-w64-mingw32 }
+#         - { name: powerpc-linux-gnu,     crosshost: powerpc-linux-gnu }
+#         - { name: powerpc64le-linux-gnu, crosshost: powerpc64le-linux-gnu, container: crossbuild-essential-ppc64el }
+#         - { name: s390x-linux-gnu,       crosshost: s390x-linux-gnu, container: crossbuild-essential-s390x }
+#         - { name: x86_64-w64-mingw32,    crosshost: x86_64-w64-mingw32, container: mingw-w64 }
+
+          # -Wno-strict-prototypes is necessary with current clang-15 since
+          # older autoconf generate functions without prototype and -pedantic
+          # now implies strict-prototypes. Disabling the error but leaving the
+          # warning generates a lot of noise from use of ANYARGS in
+          # rb_define_method() and friends.
+          # See: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/11da1b53d8cd3507959022cd790d5a7ad4573d94
+          - { name: c99,   env: { append_cc: '-std=c99   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-strict-prototypes' } }
+#         - { name: c11,   env: { append_cc: '-std=c11   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-strict-prototypes' } }
+#         - { name: c17,   env: { append_cc: '-std=c17   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-strict-prototypes' } }
+          - { name: c2x,   env: { append_cc: '-std=c2x   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-strict-prototypes' } }
+          - { name: c++98, env: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++98 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' } }
+#         - { name: c++11, env: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++11 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' } }
+#         - { name: c++14, env: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++14 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' } }
+#         - { name: c++17, env: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++17 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' } }
+          - { name: c++2a, env: { CXXFLAGS: '-std=c++2a -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' } }
+
+          - { name: '-O0', env: { optflags: '-O0 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic' } }
+#         - { name: '-O3', env: { optflags: '-O3 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic' }, check: true }
+
+          - { name: gmp,                  env: { append_configure: '--with-gmp' } }
+          - { name: jemalloc,             env: { append_configure: '--with-jemalloc' } }
+          - { name: valgrind,             env: { append_configure: '--with-valgrind' } }
+          - { name: 'coroutine=ucontext', env: { append_configure: '--with-coroutine=ucontext' } }
+          - { name: 'coroutine=pthread',  env: { append_configure: '--with-coroutine=pthread' } }
+          - { name: disable-jit-support,  env: { append_configure: '--disable-jit-support' } }
+          - { name: disable-dln,          env: { append_configure: '--disable-dln' } }
+          - { name: enable-mkmf-verbose,  env: { append_configure: '--enable-mkmf-verbose' } }
+          - { name: disable-rubygems,     env: { append_configure: '--disable-rubygems' } }
+          - { name: RUBY_DEVEL,           env: { append_configure: '--enable-devel' } }
+
+          - { name: OPT_THREADED_CODE=1,            env: { cppflags: '-DOPT_THREADED_CODE=1' } }
+          - { name: OPT_THREADED_CODE=2,            env: { cppflags: '-DOPT_THREADED_CODE=2' } }
+          - { name: OPT_THREADED_CODE=3,            env: { cppflags: '-DOPT_THREADED_CODE=3' } }
+
+          - { name: NDEBUG,                         env: { cppflags: '-DNDEBUG' } }
+          - { name: RUBY_DEBUG,                     env: { cppflags: '-DRUBY_DEBUG' } }
+#         - { name: ARRAY_DEBUG,                    env: { cppflags: '-DARRAY_DEBUG' } }
+#         - { name: BIGNUM_DEBUG,                   env: { cppflags: '-DBIGNUM_DEBUG' } }
+#         - { name: CCAN_LIST_DEBUG,                env: { cppflags: '-DCCAN_LIST_DEBUG' } }
+#         - { name: CPDEBUG=-1,                     env: { cppflags: '-DCPDEBUG=-1' } }
+#         - { name: ENC_DEBUG,                      env: { cppflags: '-DENC_DEBUG' } }
+#         - { name: GC_DEBUG,                       env: { cppflags: '-DGC_DEBUG' } }
+#         - { name: HASH_DEBUG,                     env: { cppflags: '-DHASH_DEBUG' } }
+#         - { name: ID_TABLE_DEBUG,                 env: { cppflags: '-DID_TABLE_DEBUG' } }
+#         - { name: RGENGC_DEBUG=-1,                env: { cppflags: '-DRGENGC_DEBUG=-1' } }
+#         - { name: SYMBOL_DEBUG,                   env: { cppflags: '-DSYMBOL_DEBUG' } }
+
+#         - { name: RGENGC_CHECK_MODE,              env: { cppflags: '-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE' } }
+#         - { name: TRANSIENT_HEAP_CHECK_MODE,      env: { cppflags: '-DTRANSIENT_HEAP_CHECK_MODE' } }
+#         - { name: VM_CHECK_MODE,                  env: { cppflags: '-DVM_CHECK_MODE' } }
+
+          - { name: USE_EMBED_CI=0,                 env: { cppflags: '-DUSE_EMBED_CI=0' } }
+          - name: USE_FLONUM=0,
+            env:
+              cppflags: '-DUSE_FLONUM=0'
+              # yjit requires FLONUM for the pointer tagging scheme
+              append_configure: '--disable-yjit'
+#         - { name: USE_GC_MALLOC_OBJ_INFO_DETAILS, env: { cppflags: '-DUSE_GC_MALLOC_OBJ_INFO_DETAILS' } }
+          - { name: USE_LAZY_LOAD,                  env: { cppflags: '-DUSE_LAZY_LOAD' } }
+#         - { name: USE_RINCGC=0,                   env: { cppflags: '-DUSE_RINCGC=0' } }
+#         - { name: USE_SYMBOL_GC=0,                env: { cppflags: '-DUSE_SYMBOL_GC=0' } }
+#         - { name: USE_THREAD_CACHE=0,             env: { cppflags: '-DUSE_THREAD_CACHE=0' } }
+#         - { name: USE_TRANSIENT_HEAP=0,           env: { cppflags: '-DUSE_TRANSIENT_HEAP=0' } }
+#         - { name: USE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG=1,           env: { cppflags: '-DUSE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG=1' } }
+          - { name: USE_RVARGC=0,                   env: { cppflags: '-DUSE_RVARGC=0' } }
+#         - { name: USE_RVARGC=1,                   env: { cppflags: '-DUSE_RVARGC=1' } }
+#         - { name: USE_DEBUG_COUNTER,              env: { cppflags: '-DUSE_DEBUG_COUNTER=1', RUBY_DEBUG_COUNTER_DISABLE: '1' } }
+
+          - { name: DEBUG_FIND_TIME_NUMGUESS,       env: { cppflags: '-DDEBUG_FIND_TIME_NUMGUESS' } }
+          - { name: DEBUG_INTEGER_PACK,             env: { cppflags: '-DDEBUG_INTEGER_PACK' } }
+#         - { name: ENABLE_PATH_CHECK,              env: { cppflags: '-DENABLE_PATH_CHECK' } }
+
+          - { name: GC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS,       env: { cppflags: '-DGC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS' } }
+#         - { name: GC_ENABLE_LAZY_SWEEP=0,         env: { cppflags: '-DGC_ENABLE_LAZY_SWEEP=0' } }
+#         - { name: GC_PROFILE_DETAIL_MEMOTY,       env: { cppflags: '-DGC_PROFILE_DETAIL_MEMOTY' } }
+#         - { name: GC_PROFILE_MORE_DETAIL,         env: { cppflags: '-DGC_PROFILE_MORE_DETAIL' } }
+
+#         - { name: CALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE,         env: { cppflags: '-DCALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE' } }
+#         - { name: MALLOC_ALLOCATED_SIZE_CHECK,    env: { cppflags: '-DMALLOC_ALLOCATED_SIZE_CHECK' } }
+
+#         - { name: IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER,   env: { cppflags: '-DIBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER' } }
+
+#         - { name: RGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC,      env: { cppflags: '-DRGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC' } }
+#         - { name: RGENGC_FORCE_MAJOR_GC,          env: { cppflags: '-DRGENGC_FORCE_MAJOR_GC' } }
+#         - { name: RGENGC_OBJ_INFO,                env: { cppflags: '-DRGENGC_OBJ_INFO' } }
+#         - { name: RGENGC_OLD_NEWOBJ_CHECK,        env: { cppflags: '-DRGENGC_OLD_NEWOBJ_CHECK' } }
+#         - { name: RGENGC_PROFILE,                 env: { cppflags: '-DRGENGC_PROFILE' } }
+
+#         - { name: VM_DEBUG_BP_CHECK,              env: { cppflags: '-DVM_DEBUG_BP_CHECK' } }
+#         - { name: VM_DEBUG_VERIFY_METHOD_CACHE,   env: { cppflags: '-DVM_DEBUG_VERIFY_METHOD_CACHE' } }
+
+          - { name: MJIT_FORCE_ENABLE,              env: { cppflags: '-DMJIT_FORCE_ENABLE' } }
+          - { name: YJIT_FORCE_ENABLE,              env: { cppflags: '-DYJIT_FORCE_ENABLE' } }
 
     name: ${{ matrix.entry.name }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: ghcr.io/ruby/ruby-ci-image:latest
-    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    container:
+      image: ghcr.io/ruby/ruby-ci-image:${{ matrix.entry.container || matrix.entry.env.default_cc || 'clang-15' }}
+      options: --user root
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
+    env: ${{ matrix.entry.env || matrix.env }}
     steps:
+      - run: id
+        working-directory:
       - run: mkdir build
         working-directory:
       - name: setenv
         run: |
-          echo "${{ matrix.entry.key }}=${{ matrix.entry.value }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "make=make -sj$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+          echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-sj$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
           path: src
-      - run: autoconf
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+        with:
+          path: src/.downloaded-cache
+          key: downloaded-cache
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
         working-directory: src
       - name: Run configure
-        run: |
-          if [ -n "${crosshost}" ]; then
-            ../src/configure -C \
-              ${default_configure} \
-              ${append_configure} \
-              --host="${crosshost}"
-          else
-            ../src/configure -C \
-              ${default_configure} \
-              ${append_configure} \
-              --with-gcc="${default_cc} ${append_cc}"
-          fi
-      - run: $make extract-extlibs
-      - run: $make incs
-      - run: $make
-      - run: $make test
-      - run: $make install
-        if: "matrix.entry.name == '-O3'"
-      - run: /usr/local/bin/gem install --no-doc timezone tzinfo
-        if: "matrix.entry.name == '-O3'"
-      - run: $make test-tool
-        if: "matrix.entry.name == '-O3'"
-      - run: $make test-all TESTS='-- ruby -ext-'
-        if: "matrix.entry.name == '-O3'"
-      - run: $make test-spec
-        if: "matrix.entry.name == '-O3'"
-
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        run: >
+          ../src/configure -C ${default_configure} ${append_configure}
+          --${{
+            matrix.entry.crosshost && 'host' || 'with-gcc'
+          }}=${{
+            matrix.entry.crosshost || '"${default_cc}${append_cc:+ $append_cc}"'
+          }}
+          --${{ matrix.entry.shared || 'enable' }}-shared
+      - run: make extract-extlibs
+      - run: make incs
+      - run: make showflags
+      - run: make
+      - run: make leaked-globals
+      - run: make test
+      - run: make install
+        if: ${{ matrix.entry.check }}
+      - run: make test-tool
+        if: ${{ matrix.entry.check }}
+      - run: make test-all TESTS='-- ruby -ext-'
+        if: ${{ matrix.entry.check }}
+      - run: make test-spec
+        env:
+          CHECK_LEAKS: true
+        if: ${{ matrix.entry.check }}
+      - run: make test-annocheck
+        if: ${{ matrix.entry.check && endsWith(matrix.entry.name, 'annocheck') }}
+
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
@@ -205,11 +270,11 @@ jobs:
               "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.entry.name }}",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
-        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+        if: ${{ failure() && github.event_name == 'push' }}
 
 defaults:
   run:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/macos.yml b/.github/workflows/macos.yml
index f0355258f1..d8dc58b119 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/macos.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/macos.yml
@@ -1,63 +1,112 @@
 name: macOS
-on: [push, pull_request]
+on:
+  push:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   make:
-    runs-on: macos-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        test_task: [ "check", "test-bundler-parallel", "test-bundled-gems", "leaked-globals" ]
+        test_task: ["check"] # "test-bundler-parallel", "test-bundled-gems"
+        os:
+          - macos-13
+          - macos-14
+          - macos-15
       fail-fast: false
     env:
       GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
-    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
     steps:
       - run: mkdir build
         working-directory:
-      - name: Disable Firewall
-        run: |
-          sudo /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --setglobalstate off
-          sudo /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --getglobalstate
       - name: git config
         run: |
           git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+          git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
           path: src
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+        with:
+          path: src/.downloaded-cache
+          key: downloaded-cache
       - name: Install libraries
         run: |
-          export WAITS='5 60'
-          tool/travis_retry.sh brew upgrade
-          tool/travis_retry.sh brew install gdbm gmp libffi openssl@1.1 zlib autoconf automake libtool readline
+          brew install gmp libffi openssl@1.1 zlib autoconf automake libtool readline bison
         working-directory: src
       - name: Set ENV
         run: |
-          echo "JOBS=-j$((1 + $(sysctl -n hw.activecpu)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-      - run: autoconf
+          echo "MAKEFLAGS=-j$((1 + $(sysctl -n hw.activecpu)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "PATH="/usr/local/opt/bison/bin:/opt/homebrew/opt/bison/bin:$PATH"" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
         working-directory: src
       - name: Run configure
         run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc --with-openssl-dir=$(brew --prefix openssl@1.1) --with-readline-dir=$(brew --prefix readline)
-      - run: make $JOBS incs
-      - run: make $JOBS
+      - run: make incs
       - run: make prepare-gems
-        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
-      - run: make $JOBS -s ${{ matrix.test_task }}
-        timeout-minutes: 60
+        if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'test-bundled-gems' }}
+      - run: make
+      - run: make leaked-globals
+        if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' }}
+      - name: make ${{ matrix.test_task }}
+        run: |
+          make -s ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${TESTS:+TESTS=`echo "$TESTS" | sed 's| |$$/ -n!/|g;s|^|-n!/|;s|$|$$/|'`}
+        timeout-minutes: 40
         env:
           RUBY_TESTOPTS: "-q --tty=no"
-          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: "rexml"
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+          TESTS: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' && matrix.skipped_tests || '' }}
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: ""
+          PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS: "no"
+      - name: make skipped tests
+        run: |
+          make -s test-all TESTS=`echo "$TESTS" | sed 's| |$$/ -n/|g;s|^|-n/|;s|$|$$/|'`
+        env:
+          GNUMAKEFLAGS: ""
+          RUBY_TESTOPTS: "-v --tty=no"
+          TESTS: ${{ matrix.skipped_tests }}
+          PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS: "no"
+        if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' && matrix.skipped_tests != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.continue-on-skipped_tests || false }}
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
               "ci": "GitHub Actions",
-              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}",
+              "env": "${{ matrix.os }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}${{ matrix.configure }}",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
-        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+        if: ${{ failure() && github.event_name == 'push' }}
 
 defaults:
   run:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mingw.yml b/.github/workflows/mingw.yml
index 36c8d747a7..0df917d3d8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/mingw.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/mingw.yml
@@ -1,140 +1,179 @@
 name: MinGW
-on: [push, pull_request]
+on:
+  push:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
 
 # Notes:
 # Actions console encoding causes issues, see test-all & test-spec steps
 #
 jobs:
   make:
-    runs-on: windows-2019
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    name: ${{ github.workflow }} (${{ matrix.msystem }})
     env:
-      MSYSTEM: MINGW64
-      MSYSTEM_PREFIX: /mingw64
+      MSYSTEM: ${{ matrix.msystem }}
       MSYS2_ARCH: x86_64
       CHOST: "x86_64-w64-mingw32"
-      CFLAGS:   "-march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O3 -pipe -fstack-protector-strong"
+      CFLAGS:   "-march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O3 -pipe"
       CXXFLAGS: "-march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O3 -pipe"
       CPPFLAGS: "-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048"
-      LDFLAGS:  "-pipe -fstack-protector-strong"
+      LDFLAGS:  "-pipe"
       UPDATE_UNICODE: "UNICODE_FILES=. UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES=. UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES=. UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES=."
       GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        test_task: [ "check" ] # to make job names consistent
+        include:
+          # To mitigate flakiness of MinGW CI, we test only one runtime that newer MSYS2 uses.
+          - msystem: "UCRT64"
+            base_ruby: head
+            test_task: "check"
+            test-all-opts: "--name=!/TestObjSpace#test_reachable_objects_during_iteration/"
       fail-fast: false
-    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
     steps:
       - run: mkdir build
         working-directory:
       - name: git config
         run: |
-          git config --system core.autocrlf false
-          git config --system core.eol lf
-          git config --system advice.detachedHead 0
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+          git config --global core.autocrlf false
+          git config --global core.eol lf
+          git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
+          git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
           path: src
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+        with:
+          path: src/.downloaded-cache
+          key: downloaded-cache
       - name: Set up Ruby & MSYS2
-        uses: MSP-Greg/setup-ruby-pkgs@v1
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@13e7a03dc3ac6c3798f4570bfead2aed4d96abfb # v1.244.0
         with:
-          ruby-version: 2.6
-          mingw: _upgrade_ gdbm gmp libffi libyaml openssl ragel readline
-          msys2: automake1.16 bison
+          ruby-version: ${{ matrix.base_ruby }}
+      - name: set env
+        run: |
+          echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-j$((2 * NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
       - name: where check
         run: |
           # show where
-          Write-Host
-          $where = 'gcc.exe', 'ragel.exe', 'make.exe', 'bison.exe', 'libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll', 'libssl-1_1-x64.dll'
-          foreach ($e in $where) {
-            $rslt = where.exe $e 2>&1 | Out-String
-            if ($rslt.contains($e)) { Write-Host $rslt }
-            else { Write-Host "`nCan't find $e" }
-          }
-      - name: misc setup, autoreconf
+          mv /c/Windows/System32/libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll /c/Windows/System32/libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll_
+          mv /c/Windows/System32/libssl-1_1-x64.dll    /c/Windows/System32/libssl-1_1-x64.dll_
+          result=true
+          for e in gcc.exe ragel.exe make.exe bison.exe libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll libssl-1_1-x64.dll; do
+            echo '##['group']'$'\033[93m'$e$'\033[m'
+            where $e || result=false
+            echo '##['endgroup']'
+          done
+          $result
+
+      - name: version check
         run: |
-          mkdir install
-          mkdir temp
-          cd src
-          sh -c "autoreconf -fi"
-        working-directory:
+          # show version
+          result=true
+          for e in gcc ragel make bison "openssl version"; do
+            case "$e" in *" "*) ;; *) e="$e --version";; esac
+            echo '##['group']'$'\033[93m'$e$'\033[m'
+            $e || result=false
+            echo '##['endgroup']'
+          done
+          $result
 
-      - name: configure
+      - name: autogen
         run: |
-          # Actions uses UTF8, causes test failures, similar to normal OS setup
-          $PSDefaultParameterValues['*:Encoding'] = 'utf8'
-          [Console]::OutputEncoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
-          [Console]::InputEncoding  = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
-          $config_args = "--build=$env:CHOST --host=$env:CHOST --target=$env:CHOST"
-          Write-Host $config_args
-          sh -c "../src/configure --disable-install-doc --prefix=/install $config_args"
-          # Write-Host "-------------------------------------- config.log"
-          # Get-Content ./config.log | foreach {Write-Output $_}
+          ./autogen.sh
+        working-directory: src
+
+      - name: configure
+        run: >
+          ../src/configure --disable-install-doc --prefix=/.
+          --build=$CHOST --host=$CHOST --target=$CHOST
 
       - name: update
         run: |
-          $jobs = [int](2 * $env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS)
-          make -j $jobs incs
+          make incs
 
       - name: download gems
         run: |
-          $jobs = [int](2 * $env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS)
-          make -j $jobs update-gems
+          make update-gems
 
       - name: make all
-        timeout-minutes: 40
+        timeout-minutes: 30
         run: |
-          $jobs = [int](2 * $env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS)
-          make -j $jobs
+          make
+
+      - run: make leaked-globals
 
       - name: make install
         run: |
-          # Actions uses UTF8, causes test failures, similar to normal OS setup
-          $PSDefaultParameterValues['*:Encoding'] = 'utf8'
-          [Console]::OutputEncoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
-          [Console]::InputEncoding  = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
-          make DESTDIR=.. install-nodoc
+          make DESTDIR=../install install-nodoc
 
       - name: test
         timeout-minutes: 5
         run: |
           make test
+        if: ${{matrix.test_task == 'check' || matrix.test_task == 'test'}}
 
       - name: test-all
-        timeout-minutes: 60
+        timeout-minutes: 45
         run: |
           # Actions uses UTF8, causes test failures, similar to normal OS setup
-          $PSDefaultParameterValues['*:Encoding'] = 'utf8'
-          [Console]::OutputEncoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
-          [Console]::InputEncoding  = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
-          $jobs = [int](1.5 * $env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS)
-          make test-all TESTOPTS="-j $jobs --retry --job-status=normal --show-skip --timeout-scale=1.5"
+          chcp.com 437
+          make ${{ StartsWith(matrix.test_task, 'test/') && matrix.test_task || 'test-all' }}
+        env:
+          RUBY_TESTOPTS: >-
+            --retry --job-status=normal --show-skip --timeout-scale=1.5
+            ${{ matrix.test-all-opts }}
+          BUNDLER_VERSION:
+        if: ${{matrix.test_task == 'check' || matrix.test_task == 'test-all' || StartsWith(matrix.test_task, 'test/')}}
 
       - name: test-spec
         timeout-minutes: 10
-        working-directory: src/spec/ruby
         run: |
-          $env:Path = "$pwd/../../../install/bin;$env:Path"
-          # Actions uses UTF8, causes test failures, similar to normal OS setup
-          $PSDefaultParameterValues['*:Encoding'] = 'utf8'
-          [Console]::OutputEncoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
-          [Console]::InputEncoding  = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
-          ruby -v
-          ruby ../mspec/bin/mspec -j
+          make ${{ StartsWith(matrix.test_task, 'spec/') && matrix.test_task || 'test-spec' }}
+        if: ${{matrix.test_task == 'check' || matrix.test_task == 'test-spec' || StartsWith(matrix.test_task, 'spec/')}}
 
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
               "ci": "GitHub Actions",
-              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} ${{ matrix.msystem }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
-        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+        if: ${{ failure() && github.event_name == 'push' }}
 
 defaults:
   run:
     working-directory: build
+    shell: sh
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mjit-bindgen.yml b/.github/workflows/mjit-bindgen.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26f8a1b2aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/mjit-bindgen.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+name: MJIT bindgen
+on:
+  push:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  make:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - task: mjit-bindgen
+      fail-fast: false
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
+    steps:
+      - run: mkdir build
+        working-directory:
+      - name: Set ENV
+        run: |
+          echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          sudo apt-get update -q || :
+          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y \
+          build-essential \
+          libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev \
+          zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev \
+          libclang1-14 \
+          bison autoconf
+          sudo apt-get install -q -y pkg-config || :
+      - name: Set up Ruby
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@13e7a03dc3ac6c3798f4570bfead2aed4d96abfb # v1.244.0
+        with:
+          ruby-version: '3.1'
+      - name: git config
+        run: |
+          git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
+          git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+        with:
+          path: src
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+        with:
+          path: src/.downloaded-cache
+          key: downloaded-cache
+      - name: Fixed world writable dirs
+        run: |
+          chmod -v go-w $HOME $HOME/.config
+          sudo chmod -R go-w /usr/share
+          sudo bash -c 'IFS=:; for d in '"$PATH"'; do chmod -v go-w $d; done' || :
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
+        working-directory: src
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc --prefix=$(pwd)/install --enable-yjit=dev_nodebug
+      - run: make incs
+      - run: make
+      - run: make install
+      - run: make ${{ matrix.task }}
+      - run: git diff --exit-code
+        working-directory: src
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ matrix.os }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}${{ matrix.configure }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() && github.event_name == 'push' }}
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mjit.yml b/.github/workflows/mjit.yml
index cdb6c940cb..6f7181489a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/mjit.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/mjit.yml
@@ -1,17 +1,49 @@
 name: MJIT
-on: [push, pull_request]
+on:
+  push:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+      - '**.[1-8]'
+      - '**.ronn'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+      - '**.[1-8]'
+      - '**.ronn'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   make:
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        test_task: [ "check" ] # to make job names consistent
-        jit_opts: [ "--jit", "--jit-wait" ]
+        test_task: [check] # to make job names consistent
+        mjit_opts: [--mjit-wait]
       fail-fast: false
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
     env:
       TESTOPTS: '-q --tty=no'
-      RUN_OPTS: '--disable-gems ${{ matrix.jit_opts }}'
+      RUN_OPTS: '--disable-gems ${{ matrix.mjit_opts }} --mjit-debug=-ggdb3'
       GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
     steps:
       - run: mkdir build
@@ -20,13 +52,18 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           set -x
           sudo apt-get update -q || :
-          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev libgdbm-dev bison autoconf ruby
+          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev bison autoconf ruby
       - name: git config
         run: |
           git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+          git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
           path: src
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+        with:
+          path: src/.downloaded-cache
+          key: downloaded-cache
       - name: Fixed world writable dirs
         run: |
           chmod -v go-w $HOME $HOME/.config
@@ -34,33 +71,42 @@ jobs:
           sudo bash -c 'IFS=:; for d in '"$PATH"'; do chmod -v go-w $d; done' || :
       - name: Set ENV
         run: |
-          echo "JOBS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-      - run: autoconf
+          echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
         working-directory: src
       - name: Run configure
-        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc
-      - run: make $JOBS incs
-      - run: make $JOBS
-      - run: sudo make $JOBS -s install
-      - run: make $JOBS -s test RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS"
-        timeout-minutes: 10
-      - run: make $JOBS -s test-all RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS"
-        timeout-minutes: 10
-      - run: make $JOBS -s test-spec RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS"
-        timeout-minutes: 5
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc cppflags=-DVM_CHECK_MODE
+      - run: make incs
+      - run: make
+      - run: sudo make -s install
+      - name: Run test
+        run: |
+          unset GNUMAKEFLAGS
+          make -s test RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS"
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+      # - name: Run test-all
+      #   run: |
+      #     ulimit -c unlimited
+      #     make -s test-all RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS"
+      #   timeout-minutes: 60
+      - name: Run test-spec
+        run: |
+          unset GNUMAKEFLAGS
+          make -s test-spec RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS"
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
               "ci": "GitHub Actions",
-              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${{ matrix.jit_opts }}",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${{ matrix.mjit_opts }}",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
-        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+        if: ${{ failure() && github.event_name == 'push' }}
 
 defaults:
   run:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish.yml b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d4474d978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+name: Start release workflow
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - '*'
+
+jobs:
+  notify:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Build release package
+        run: |
+          curl -L -X POST \
+            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.MATZBOT_GITHUB_WORKFLOW_TOKEN }}" \
+            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
+            -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
+            https://api.github.com/repos/ruby/actions/dispatches \
+            -d '{"event_type": "${{ github.ref }}"}'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml b/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c12a95362d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# This workflow uses actions that are not certified by GitHub. They are provided
+# by a third-party and are governed by separate terms of service, privacy
+# policy, and support documentation.
+
+name: Scorecards supply-chain security
+on:
+  # For Branch-Protection check. Only the default branch is supported. See
+  # https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/main/docs/checks.md#branch-protection
+  branch_protection_rule:
+  # To guarantee Maintained check is occasionally updated. See
+  # https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/main/docs/checks.md#maintained
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '22 4 * * 2'
+  push:
+    branches: [ "master" ]
+
+# Declare default permissions as read only.
+permissions: read-all
+
+jobs:
+  analysis:
+    name: Scorecards analysis
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      # Needed to upload the results to code-scanning dashboard.
+      security-events: write
+      # Needed to publish results and get a badge (see publish_results below).
+      id-token: write
+      # Uncomment the permissions below if installing in a private repository.
+      # contents: read
+      # actions: read
+
+    steps:
+      - name: "Checkout code"
+        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: "Run analysis"
+        uses: ossf/scorecard-action@ea651e62978af7915d09fe2e282747c798bf2dab # v2.4.1
+        with:
+          results_file: results.sarif
+          results_format: sarif
+          # (Optional) Read-only PAT token. Uncomment the `repo_token` line below if:
+          # - you want to enable the Branch-Protection check on a *public* repository, or
+          # - you are installing Scorecards on a *private* repository
+          # To create the PAT, follow the steps in https://github.com/ossf/scorecard-action#authentication-with-pat.
+          repo_token: ${{ secrets.SCORECARD_READ_TOKEN }}
+
+          # Public repositories:
+          #   - Publish results to OpenSSF REST API for easy access by consumers
+          #   - Allows the repository to include the Scorecard badge.
+          #   - See https://github.com/ossf/scorecard-action#publishing-results.
+          # For private repositories:
+          #   - `publish_results` will always be set to `false`, regardless
+          #     of the value entered here.
+          publish_results: true
+
+      # Upload the results as artifacts (optional). Commenting out will disable uploads of run results in SARIF
+      # format to the repository Actions tab.
+      - name: "Upload artifact"
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        with:
+          name: SARIF file
+          path: results.sarif
+          retention-days: 5
+
+      # Upload the results to GitHub's code scanning dashboard.
+      - name: "Upload to code-scanning"
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@959cbb7472c4d4ad70cdfe6f4976053fe48ab394 # v2.1.27
+        with:
+          sarif_file: results.sarif
diff --git a/.github/workflows/spec_guards.yml b/.github/workflows/spec_guards.yml
index 65d1a65807..4521195a2b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/spec_guards.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/spec_guards.yml
@@ -1,30 +1,62 @@
 name: Rubyspec Version Guards Check
 
-on: [push, pull_request]
+on:
+  push:
+    paths:
+      - 'spec/**'
+      - '!spec/*.md'
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - 'spec/**'
+      - '!spec/*.md'
+  merge_group:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
 
 jobs:
   rubyspec:
     name: Rubyspec
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+
+    if: >-
+      ${{!(false
+      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'Document')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[DOC]')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'Document')
+      || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Document')
+      || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.actor == 'dependabot[bot]')
+      )}}
+
     strategy:
       matrix:
         # Specs from ruby/spec should still run on all supported Ruby versions.
         # This also ensures the needed ruby_version_is guards are there, see spec/README.md.
         ruby:
-          - ruby-2.5
-          - ruby-2.6
-          - ruby-2.7
+          - ruby-3.1
+          - ruby-3.2
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@13e7a03dc3ac6c3798f4570bfead2aed4d96abfb # v1.244.0
         with:
           ruby-version: ${{ matrix.ruby }}
           bundler: none
+
+      - run: gem install webrick
+
       - run: ruby ../mspec/bin/mspec
         working-directory: spec/ruby
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        env:
+          CHECK_LEAKS: true
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
@@ -32,8 +64,8 @@ jobs:
               "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / rubyspec @ ${{ matrix.ruby }}",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
-        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml b/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
index 38649d3f67..4fbca1170e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
@@ -1,85 +1,145 @@
 name: Ubuntu
-on: [push, pull_request]
+on:
+  push:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   make:
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        test_task: [ "check", "test-bundler-parallel", "test-bundled-gems", "test-all TESTS=--repeat-count=2", "leaked-globals" ]
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, ubuntu-18.04, ubuntu-16.04]
-        debug: ["", "-DRUBY_DEBUG"]
-        exclude:
+        # main variables included in the job name
+        test_task: [check]
+        configure: [cppflags=-DRUBY_DEBUG] # default to use more assertions
+        arch: ['']
+        # specify all jobs with `include` to avoid testing duplicated things
+        include:
+          - test_task: check
+          - test_task: check
+            arch: i686
+            configure: '' # test without -DRUBY_DEBUG as well
+          - test_task: check
+            configure: "--enable-shared --enable-load-relative"
+          - test_task: test-all TESTS=--repeat-count=2
           - test_task: test-bundler-parallel
-            os: ubuntu-16.04
           - test_task: test-bundled-gems
-            os: ubuntu-16.04
-          - test_task: "test-all TESTS=--repeat-count=2"
-            os: ubuntu-16.04
-          - test_task: leaked-globals
-            os: ubuntu-16.04
-          - os: ubuntu-16.04
-            debug: -DRUBY_DEBUG
-          - test_task: "test-all TESTS=--repeat-count=2"
-            debug: -DRUBY_DEBUG
-          - test_task: leaked-globals
-            debug: -DRUBY_DEBUG
       fail-fast: false
     env:
       GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
       RUBY_DEBUG: ci
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+      SETARCH: ${{ matrix.arch && format('setarch {0}', matrix.arch) }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
     steps:
       - run: mkdir build
         working-directory:
+      - name: Set ENV
+        run: |
+          echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Install libraries
+        env:
+          arch: ${{matrix.arch}}
         run: |
           set -x
+          arch=${arch:+:${arch/i[3-6]86/i386}}
+          ${arch:+sudo dpkg --add-architecture ${arch#:}}
           sudo apt-get update -q || :
-          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev libgdbm-dev bison autoconf ruby
+          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y \
+          ${arch:+cross}build-essential${arch/:/-} \
+          libssl-dev${arch} libyaml-dev${arch} libreadline6-dev${arch} \
+          zlib1g-dev${arch} libncurses5-dev${arch} libffi-dev${arch} \
+          bison autoconf ruby
+          sudo apt-get install -q -y pkg-config${arch} || :
       - name: git config
         run: |
           git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+          git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
           path: src
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+        with:
+          path: src/.downloaded-cache
+          key: downloaded-cache
       - name: Fixed world writable dirs
         run: |
           chmod -v go-w $HOME $HOME/.config
           sudo chmod -R go-w /usr/share
           sudo bash -c 'IFS=:; for d in '"$PATH"'; do chmod -v go-w $d; done' || :
-      - name: Set ENV
-        run: |
-          echo "JOBS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-      - run: autoconf
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
         working-directory: src
       - name: Run configure
-        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc cppflags=${{ matrix.debug }}
-      - run: make $JOBS incs
-      - run: make $JOBS
-      - run: make prepare-gems
-        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+        env:
+          arch: ${{matrix.arch}}
+        run: >-
+          $SETARCH ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          ${arch:+--target=$arch-$OSTYPE --host=$arch-$OSTYPE}
+      - run: $SETARCH make incs
+      - run: $SETARCH make prepare-gems
+        if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'test-bundled-gems' }}
+      - run: $SETARCH make
+      - run: $SETARCH make leaked-globals
+        if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' }}
       - name: Create dummy files in build dir
         run: |
-          ./miniruby -e '(("a".."z").to_a+("A".."Z").to_a+("0".."9").to_a+%w[foo bar test zzz]).each{|basename|File.write("#{basename}.rb", "raise %(do not load #{basename}.rb)")}'
-        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
-      - run: make $JOBS -s ${{ matrix.test_task }}
-        timeout-minutes: 30
+          $SETARCH ./miniruby -e '(("a".."z").to_a+("A".."Z").to_a+("0".."9").to_a+%w[foo bar test zzz]).each{|basename|File.write("#{basename}.rb", "raise %(do not load #{basename}.rb)")}'
+        if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' }}
+      - name: make ${{ matrix.test_task }}
+        run: |
+          $SETARCH make -s ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${TESTS:+TESTS=`echo "$TESTS" | sed 's| |$$/ -n!/|g;s|^|-n!/|;s|$|$$/|'`}
+        timeout-minutes: 40
         env:
           RUBY_TESTOPTS: "-q --tty=no"
+          TESTS: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' && matrix.skipped_tests || '' }}
           TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: ""
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+          PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS: "no"
+      - name: make skipped tests
+        run: |
+          $SETARCH make -s test-all TESTS=`echo "$TESTS" | sed 's| |$$/ -n/|g;s|^|-n/|;s|$|$$/|'`
+        env:
+          GNUMAKEFLAGS: ""
+          RUBY_TESTOPTS: "-v --tty=no"
+          TESTS: ${{ matrix.skipped_tests }}
+        if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' && matrix.skipped_tests != '' }}
+        continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.continue-on-skipped_tests || false }}
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
               "ci": "GitHub Actions",
-              "env": "${{ matrix.os }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}${{ matrix.debug }}",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${{ matrix.configure }}${{ matrix.arch }}",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
-        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+        if: ${{ failure() && github.event_name == 'push' }}
 
 defaults:
   run:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/wasm.yml b/.github/workflows/wasm.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..27920b5821
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/wasm.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+name: WebAssembly
+on:
+  push:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:  # added using https://github.com/step-security/secure-workflows
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  make:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        entry:
+#         # wasmtime can't compile non-optimized Asyncified binary due to locals explosion
+#         - { name: O0-debuginfo, optflags: "-O0", debugflags: "-g", wasmoptflags: "-O1" }
+#         - { name: O1,           optflags: "-O1", debugflags: ""  , wasmoptflags: "-O1" }
+          - { name: O2,           optflags: "-O2", debugflags: ""  , wasmoptflags: "-O2" }
+#         - { name: O3,           optflags: "-O3", debugflags: ""  , wasmoptflags: "-O3" }
+#         # -O4 is equivalent to -O3 in clang, but it's different in wasm-opt
+#         - { name: O4,           optflags: "-O3", debugflags: ""  , wasmoptflags: "-O4" }
+#         - { name: Oz,           optflags: "-Oz", debugflags: ""  , wasmoptflags: "-Oz" }
+      fail-fast: false
+    env:
+      RUBY_TESTOPTS: '-q --tty=no'
+      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
+      WASI_SDK_VERSION_MAJOR: 14
+      WASI_SDK_VERSION_MINOR: 0
+      BINARYEN_VERSION: 109
+      WASMTIME_VERSION: v0.33.0
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
+    steps:
+      - run: mkdir build
+        working-directory:
+      - name: git config
+        run: |
+          git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
+          git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+        with:
+          path: src
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: |
+          set -ex
+          sudo apt-get update -q || :
+          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y ruby bison make autoconf git wget
+
+          wasi_sdk_deb="wasi-sdk_${WASI_SDK_VERSION_MAJOR}.${WASI_SDK_VERSION_MINOR}_amd64.deb"
+          wget "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-${WASI_SDK_VERSION_MAJOR}/${wasi_sdk_deb}"
+          sudo dpkg -i "$wasi_sdk_deb"
+          rm -f "$wasi_sdk_deb"
+
+          mkdir build-sdk
+          pushd build-sdk
+
+          wasmtime_url="https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/download/${WASMTIME_VERSION}/wasmtime-${WASMTIME_VERSION}-x86_64-linux.tar.xz"
+          wget -O - "$wasmtime_url" | tar xJf -
+          sudo ln -fs "$PWD/wasmtime-${WASMTIME_VERSION}-x86_64-linux/wasmtime" /usr/local/bin/wasmtime
+
+          binaryen_tarball="binaryen-version_${BINARYEN_VERSION}-x86_64-linux.tar.gz"
+          binaryen_url="https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/releases/download/version_${BINARYEN_VERSION}/${binaryen_tarball}"
+          wget -O - "$binaryen_url" | tar xfz -
+          sudo ln -fs "$PWD/binaryen-version_${BINARYEN_VERSION}/bin/wasm-opt" /usr/local/bin/wasm-opt
+        working-directory: src
+      - name: Set ENV
+        run: |
+          echo "MAKEFLAGS=-j$((1 + $(sysctl -n hw.activecpu)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "WASI_SDK_PATH=/opt/wasi-sdk" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
+        working-directory: src
+
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@13e7a03dc3ac6c3798f4570bfead2aed4d96abfb # v1.244.0
+        with:
+          ruby-version: '3.0'
+          bundler: none
+
+      - name: Download config.guess with wasi version
+        run: |
+          rm tool/config.guess tool/config.sub
+          ruby tool/downloader.rb -d tool -e gnu config.guess config.sub
+        working-directory: src
+
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: |
+          ../src/configure \
+            --host wasm32-unknown-wasi \
+            --with-static-linked-ext \
+            LDFLAGS=" \
+              -Xlinker --stack-first \
+              -Xlinker -z -Xlinker stack-size=16777216 \
+            " \
+            optflags="${{ matrix.entry.optflags }}" \
+            debugflags="${{ matrix.entry.debugflags }}" \
+            wasmoptflags="${{ matrix.entry.wasmoptflags }} ${{ matrix.entry.debugflags }}"
+
+      # miniruby may not be built when cross-compling
+      - run: make mini ruby
+      - name: Run basictest
+        run: wasmtime run ./../build/miniruby --mapdir /::./ -- basictest/test.rb
+        working-directory: src
+      - name: Run bootstraptest (no thread)
+        run: |
+          NO_THREAD_TESTS="$(grep -L Thread -R ./bootstraptest | awk -F/ '{ print $NF }' | uniq | sed -n 's/test_\(.*\).rb/\1/p' | paste -s -d, -)"
+          ruby ./bootstraptest/runner.rb --ruby="$(which wasmtime) run $PWD/../build/ruby --mapdir /::./ -- " --verbose "--sets=$NO_THREAD_TESTS"
+        working-directory: src
+
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.name }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() && github.event_name == 'push' }}
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/windows.yml b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
index 98e59ae188..c2bd4881c2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
@@ -1,78 +1,147 @@
 name: Windows
-on: [push, pull_request]
+on:
+  push:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   make:
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        test_task: [test]
-        os: [windows-2019]
-        vs: [2019]
+        include:
+          - vs: 2022
+            vcvers: -vcvars_ver=14.2
       fail-fast: false
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: windows-${{ matrix.vs }}
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
+    name: VisualStudio ${{ matrix.vs }}
     env:
       GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
-      VCVARS: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\${{ matrix.vs }}\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat
-    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+      PATCH: C:\msys64\usr\bin\patch.exe
+      OS_VER: windows-${{ matrix.vs }}
     steps:
       - run: md build
         working-directory:
-      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+      - uses: msys2/setup-msys2@61f9e5e925871ba6c9e3e8da24ede83ea27fa91f # v2.27.0
+        id: setup-msys2
         with:
-          path: C:\vcpkg\downloads
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-download-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ github.sha }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-download-${{ matrix.os }}-
-            ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-download-
-      - name: Install libraries with vcpkg
-        run: |
-          vcpkg --triplet x64-windows install readline zlib
-      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+          update: true
+          install: bison patch
+      - name: patch path
+        shell: msys2 {0}
+        run: echo PATCH=$(cygpath -wa $(command -v patch)) >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        if: ${{ steps.setup-msys2.outcome == 'success' }}
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
         with:
-          path: C:\Users\runneradmin\AppData\Local\Temp\chocolatey
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-chocolatey-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ github.sha }}
+          path: C:\vcpkg\installed
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-installed-windows-${{ matrix.vs }}-${{ github.sha }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-chocolatey-${{ matrix.os }}-
-            ${{ runner.os }}-chocolatey-
-      - name: Install libraries with chocolatey
+            ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-installed-windows-${{ matrix.vs }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-installed-windows-
+      - name: Install libraries with vcpkg
         run: |
-          choco install --no-progress openssl
-          choco install --no-progress winflexbison3 --version=2.5.18.20190508
+          iex "& {$(irm get.scoop.sh)} -RunAsAdmin"
+          Join-Path (Resolve-Path ~).Path "scoop\shims" >> $Env:GITHUB_PATH
+          scoop install cmake@3.31.6
+          vcpkg --triplet x64-windows install libffi libyaml openssl readline zlib
+        shell:
+          pwsh
       - name: git config
         run: |
-          git config --system advice.detachedHead 0
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+          git config --global core.autocrlf false
+          git config --global core.eol lf
+          git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
+          git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
           path: src
-      - name: Configure
-        run: |
-          call "%VCVARS%"
-          ../src/win32/configure.bat --disable-install-doc --without-ext=+,dbm,gdbm --enable-bundled-libffi --with-opt-dir=C:/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows --with-openssl-dir="C:/Program Files/OpenSSL-Win64"
-      - name: nmake
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+        with:
+          path: src/.downloaded-cache
+          key: downloaded-cache
+      - name: setup env
+        # %TEMP% is inconsistent with %TMP% and test-all expects they are consistent.
+        # https://github.com/actions/virtual-environments/issues/712#issuecomment-613004302
+        # msys2/setup-msys2 installs MSYS2 to D:/a/_temp/msys64/usr/bin
         run: |
-          call "%VCVARS%"
-          set YACC=win_bison
-          echo on
-          nmake incs
-          nmake extract-extlibs
-          nmake
-      - name: nmake test
-        timeout-minutes: 30
+          set Path=D:/a/_temp/msys64/usr/bin;%Path%
+          if not "%VCVARS%" == "" goto :vcset
+            set VCVARS="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\${{ matrix.vs }}\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
+            if not exist %VCVARS% set VCVARS="C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\${{ matrix.vs }}\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
+          :vcset
+          set | C:\msys64\usr\bin\sort > old.env
+          call %VCVARS% ${{ matrix.vcvers || ''}}
+          set TMP=%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp
+          set TEMP=%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp
+          set /a TEST_JOBS=(15 * %NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS% / 10) > nul
+          set | C:\msys64\usr\bin\sort > new.env
+          C:\msys64\usr\bin\comm -13 old.env new.env >> %GITHUB_ENV%
+          del *.env
+      - name: compiler version
+        run: cl
+      - name: link libraries
         run: |
-          call "%VCVARS%"
-          nmake ${{ matrix.test_task }}
-      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+          for %%I in (C:\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\bin\*.dll) do (
+            if not %%~nI == readline mklink %%~nxI %%I
+          )
+          for %%I in (libcrypto-1_1-x64 libssl-1_1-x64) do (
+            ren c:\Windows\System32\%%I.dll %%I.dll_
+          )
+      - name: Configure
+        run: >-
+          ../src/win32/configure.bat --disable-install-doc
+          --with-opt-dir=C:/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows
+      - run: nmake incs
+      - run: nmake extract-extlibs
+      - run: nmake
+        env:
+          YACC: bison.exe
+      - run: nmake test
+        timeout-minutes: 5
+      - run: nmake test-spec
+        timeout-minutes: 10
+      - run: nmake test-all
+        env:
+          RUBY_TESTOPTS: -j${{env.TEST_JOBS}} --job-status=normal
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
         with:
           payload: |
             {
               "ci": "GitHub Actions",
-              "env": "${{ matrix.os }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}",
+              "env": "VS${{ matrix.vs }} / ${{ matrix.test_task || 'check' }}",
               "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
               "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
-              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
             }
         env:
           SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
-        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+        if: ${{ failure() && github.event_name == 'push' }}
 
 defaults:
   run:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/yjit-ubuntu.yml b/.github/workflows/yjit-ubuntu.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b7b9046e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/yjit-ubuntu.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+name: YJIT Ubuntu
+on:
+  push:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+  merge_group:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**/man'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+      - '**/.document'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  cargo:
+    name: Rust cargo test
+    # GitHub Action's image seems to already contain a Rust 1.58.0.
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      # For now we can't run cargo test --offline because it complains about the
+      # capstone dependency, even though the dependency is optional
+      #- run: cargo test --offline
+      - run: RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test
+        working-directory: yjit
+      # Also compile and test with all features enabled
+      - run: RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features
+        working-directory: yjit
+      # Check that we can build in release mode too
+      - run: cargo build --release
+        working-directory: yjit
+  make:
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - test_task: 'yjit-bindgen'
+            hint: 'To fix: use patch in logs'
+            configure: '--with-gcc=clang-14 --enable-yjit=dev'
+            libclang_path: '/usr/lib/llvm-14/lib/libclang.so.1'
+
+          - test_task: "check"
+            # YJIT should be automatically built in release mode on x86-64 Linux with rustc present
+            #configure: "--enable-yjit RUSTC='rustc +1.58.0'"
+            configure: "RUSTC='rustc +1.58.0'"
+            rust_version: "1.58.0"
+
+          - test_task: "check"
+            configure: "--enable-yjit=dev"
+
+          - test_task: "check"
+            configure: "--enable-yjit=dev"
+            yjit_opts: "--yjit-call-threshold=1 --yjit-verify-ctx"
+
+          - test_task: "test-all TESTS=--repeat-count=2"
+            configure: "--enable-yjit=dev"
+
+          - test_task: "test-bundled-gems"
+            configure: "--enable-yjit=dev"
+
+          - test_task: "yjit-bench"
+            configure: "--enable-yjit=dev"
+            yjit_bench_opts: "--yjit-stats"
+    env:
+      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
+      RUN_OPTS: ${{ matrix.yjit_opts }}
+      YJIT_BENCH_OPTS: ${{ matrix.yjit_bench_opts }}
+      RUBY_DEBUG: ci
+      BUNDLE_JOBS: 8 # for yjit-bench
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
+    steps:
+      - run: mkdir build
+        working-directory:
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          sudo apt-get update -q || :
+          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev bison autoconf ruby
+      - name: Install Rust
+        if: ${{ matrix.rust_version }}
+        run: rustup install ${{ matrix.rust_version }} --profile minimal
+      - name: git config
+        run: |
+          git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
+          git config --global init.defaultBranch garbage
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+        with:
+          path: src
+      - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+        with:
+          path: src/.downloaded-cache
+          key: downloaded-cache
+      - name: Fixed world writable dirs
+        run: |
+          chmod -v go-w $HOME $HOME/.config
+          sudo chmod -R go-w /usr/share
+          sudo bash -c 'IFS=:; for d in '"$PATH"'; do chmod -v go-w $d; done' || :
+      - name: Set ENV
+        run: |
+          echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
+        working-directory: src
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc --prefix=$(pwd)/install ${{ matrix.configure }}
+      - run: make incs
+      - run: make prepare-gems
+        if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'test-bundled-gems' }}
+      - run: make -j
+      - run: make leaked-globals
+        if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' }}
+      - name: Create dummy files in build dir
+        run: |
+          ./miniruby -e '(("a".."z").to_a+("A".."Z").to_a+("0".."9").to_a+%w[foo bar test zzz]).each{|basename|File.write("#{basename}.rb", "raise %(do not load #{basename}.rb)")}'
+        if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' }}
+      - name: Enable YJIT through ENV
+        run: echo "RUBY_YJIT_ENABLE=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      # Check that the binary was built with YJIT
+      - name: Check YJIT enabled
+        run: ./miniruby --yjit -v | grep "+YJIT"
+      - name: make ${{ matrix.test_task }}
+        run: make -s -j ${{ matrix.test_task }} RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS" YJIT_BENCH_OPTS="$YJIT_BENCH_OPTS"
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+        env:
+          RUBY_TESTOPTS: "-q --tty=no"
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: ""
+          PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS: "no"
+          LIBCLANG_PATH: ${{ matrix.libclang_path }}
+        continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'yjit-bench' }}
+      - name: Show ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }} GitHub URL for yjit-bench comparison
+        run: echo "https://github.com/${BASE_REPO}/commit/${BASE_SHA}"
+        env:
+          BASE_REPO: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name }}
+          BASE_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
+        if: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'yjit-bench' && startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+      - uses: ruby/action-slack@0bd85c72233cdbb6a0fe01d37aaeff1d21b5fce1 # v3.2.1
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${{ matrix.configure }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref_name }}"
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() && github.event_name == 'push' }}
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 8d11d7278a..99d32a1825 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -10,9 +10,11 @@
 *.dylib
 *.elc
 *.i
+*.ii
 *.inc
 *.log
 *.o
+*.o.tmp
 *.obj
 *.old
 *.orig
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@
 *.sav
 *.sl
 *.so
+*.so.*
 *.swp
 *.yarb
 *~
@@ -126,6 +129,7 @@ lcov*.info
 /ruby-runner
 /ruby-runner.h
 /ruby-man.rd.gz
+/rubyspec_temp
 /run.gdb
 /sizes.c
 /static-ruby
@@ -143,6 +147,8 @@ lcov*.info
 
 /bin/*.exe
 /bin/*.dll
+/bin/goruby
+/bin/ruby
 
 # /benchmark/
 /benchmark/bm_require.data
@@ -182,6 +188,9 @@ lcov*.info
 /ext/-test-/win32/dln/dlntest.exp
 /ext/-test-/win32/dln/dlntest.lib
 
+# /ext/-test-/gems
+/ext/-test-/gems
+
 # /ext/etc/
 /ext/etc/constdefs.h
 
@@ -214,6 +223,9 @@ lcov*.info
 /lib/ruby/[1-9]*.*
 /lib/ruby/vendor_ruby
 
+# /misc/
+/misc/**/__pycache__
+
 # /spec/bundler
 /.rspec_status
 
@@ -225,6 +237,14 @@ lcov*.info
 /win32/*.ico
 
 # MJIT
-/rb_mjit_header.h
-/mjit_config.h
 /include/ruby-*/*/rb_mjit_min_header-*.h
+/lib/ruby_vm/mjit/instruction.rb
+/mjit_config.h
+/rb_mjit_header.h
+
+# YJIT
+/yjit-bench
+/yjit_exit_locations.dump
+
+# /wasm/
+/wasm/tests/*.wasm
diff --git a/.indent.pro b/.indent.pro
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d61cbcad1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.indent.pro
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+-bap
+-nbbb
+-nbc
+-br
+-brs
+-nbs
+-ncdb
+-nce
+-cdw
+-cli2
+-cbi2
+-ndj
+-ncs
+-nfc1
+-i4
+-l120
+-lp
+-npcs
+-psl
+-sc
+-sob
+-sbi4
+-nut
+-par
+
+-TID
+-TVALUE
+-Tst_data_t
+-Tst_index_t
+-Tst_table
+-Trb_data_type_t
+-TFILE
diff --git a/.rdoc_options b/.rdoc_options
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..760507c7a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.rdoc_options
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+---
+page_dir: doc
+main_page: README.md
+title: Documentation for Ruby development version
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index d480307dd6..0000000000
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,291 +0,0 @@
-# -*- YAML -*-
-# Copyright (C) 2011 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted,  to either  redistribute  or  modify this  file,  provided that  the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the  file for
-# details.
-
-# This is  a Travis-CI  build configuration file.   The list  of configurations
-# available is located in
-#
-#     http://about.travis-ci.org/docs/user/build-configuration/
-#
-# and as Ruby itself is a project written in C language,
-#
-#     http://about.travis-ci.org/docs/user/languages/c/
-#
-# is also a good place to look at.
-
-language: c
-
-os: linux
-
-dist: xenial
-
-git:
-  quiet: true
-
-cache:
-  ccache: true
-  directories:
-    - $HOME/config_2nd
-    - $HOME/.downloaded-cache
-
-env:
-  global:
-    # Reset timestamps early
-    - _=$(touch NEWS && find . -type f -exec touch -r NEWS {} +)
-    - CONFIGURE_TTY=no
-    - CCACHE_COMPILERCHECK=none
-    - CCACHE_NOCOMPRESS=1
-    - CCACHE_MAXSIZE=512Mi
-    - NPROC="`nproc`"
-    # JOBS and SETARCH are overridden when necessary; see below.
-    - JOBS=-j$((1+${NPROC}))
-    - SETARCH=
-    - RUBY_PREFIX=/tmp/ruby-prefix
-    - GEMS_FOR_TEST='timezone tzinfo'
-    - UPDATE_UNICODE="UNICODE_FILES=. UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES=. UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES=. UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES=."
-    - BEFORE_INSTALL=true
-    # https://github.com/travis-ci/travis-build/blob/e411371dda21430a60f61b8f3f57943d2fe4d344/lib/travis/build/bash/travis_apt_get_options.bash#L7
-    - travis_apt_get_options='--allow-downgrades --allow-remove-essential --allow-change-held-packages'
-    - travis_apt_get_options="-yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends $travis_apt_get_options"
-
-.org.ruby-lang.ci.matrix-definitions:
-
-  - &make-test-only
-    script:
-      - $SETARCH make -s test TESTOPTS="${TESTOPTS=$JOBS -q --tty=no}"
-
-  - &gcc-8
-    compiler: gcc-8
-    # # Not using addon to control retries
-    # addons:
-    #   apt:
-    #     sources:
-    #       - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
-    before_install:
-      - bash -cx "${BEFORE_INSTALL}"
-      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-add-repository -y "ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test"
-      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo bash -c "rm -rf '${TRAVIS_ROOT}/var/lib/apt/lists/'* && exec apt-get update -yq"
-      - >-
-        tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-get $travis_apt_get_options install
-        ccache
-        gcc-8
-        g++-8
-        libffi-dev
-        libgdbm-dev
-        libncurses5-dev
-        libncursesw5-dev
-        libreadline6-dev
-        libssl-dev
-        libyaml-dev
-        openssl
-        zlib1g-dev
-
-  - &clang-8
-    compiler: clang-8
-    addons:
-      apt:
-        # Not doing this manually unlike other sources, because it has been stable.
-        sources:
-          - llvm-toolchain-xenial-8
-        config:
-          retries: true
-    before_install:
-      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo bash -c "rm -rf '${TRAVIS_ROOT}/var/lib/apt/lists/'* && exec apt-get update -yq"
-      - >-
-        tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-get $travis_apt_get_options install
-        clang-8
-        llvm-8-tools
-        libffi-dev
-        libgdbm-dev
-        libncurses5-dev
-        libncursesw5-dev
-        libreadline6-dev
-        libssl-dev
-        libyaml-dev
-        openssl
-        zlib1g-dev
-
-  # --------
-
-  - &x86_64-linux
-    name: x86_64-linux
-    <<: *gcc-8
-
-  - &arm64-linux
-    name: arm64-linux
-    arch: arm64
-    <<: *gcc-8
-
-  - &s390x-linux
-    name: s390x-linux
-    arch: s390x
-    <<: *gcc-8
-
-  - &i686-linux
-    name: i686-linux
-    compiler: gcc-8
-    env:
-      - GCC_FLAGS=-m32
-      - CXX='g++-8 -m32'
-      - debugflags=-g0
-      - SETARCH='setarch i686 --verbose --3gb'
-    # # Not using addon to control retries
-    # addons:
-    #   apt:
-    #     sources:
-    #       - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
-    before_install:
-      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-add-repository -y "ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test"
-      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo bash -c "rm -rf '${TRAVIS_ROOT}/var/lib/apt/lists/'* && exec apt-get update -yq"
-      - >-
-        tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-get $travis_apt_get_options install
-        gcc-8-multilib
-        g++-8
-        g++-8-multilib
-        libstdc++-8-dev:i386
-        libffi-dev:i386
-        libffi6:i386
-        libgdbm-dev:i386
-        libgdbm3:i386
-        libncurses5-dev:i386
-        libncurses5:i386
-        libncursesw5-dev:i386
-        libreadline6-dev:i386
-        libreadline6:i386
-        libssl-dev:i386
-        libssl1.0.0:i386
-        linux-libc-dev:i386
-        zlib1g-dev:i386
-        zlib1g:i386
-
-  - &arm32-linux
-    name: arm32-linux
-    arch: arm64
-    # https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/crossbuild-essential-armhf
-    compiler: arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
-    env:
-      - debugflags=-g0
-      - SETARCH='setarch linux32 --verbose --32bit'
-    before_install:
-      - sudo dpkg --add-architecture armhf
-      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo bash -c "rm -rf '${TRAVIS_ROOT}/var/lib/apt/lists/'* && exec apt-get update -yq"
-      - >-
-        tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-get $travis_apt_get_options install
-        ccache
-        crossbuild-essential-armhf
-        libc6:armhf
-        libstdc++-5-dev:armhf
-        libffi-dev:armhf
-        libffi6:armhf
-        libgdbm-dev:armhf
-        libgdbm3:armhf
-        libncurses5-dev:armhf
-        libncurses5:armhf
-        libncursesw5-dev:armhf
-        libreadline6-dev:armhf
-        libreadline6:armhf
-        libssl-dev:armhf
-        libssl1.0.0:armhf
-        linux-libc-dev:armhf
-        zlib1g-dev:armhf
-        zlib1g:armhf
-
-matrix:
-  include:
-    # Build every commit:
-    - <<: *i686-linux
-    # Build every commit (Allowed Failures):
-    - <<: *arm32-linux
-    - <<: *arm64-linux
-    - <<: *s390x-linux
-  allow_failures:
-    - name: arm32-linux
-    - name: arm64-linux
-    - name: s390x-linux
-  fast_finish: true
-
-before_script:
-  - rm -fr .ext autom4te.cache
-  - |-
-    [ -d ~/.downloaded-cache ] ||
-    mkdir ~/.downloaded-cache
-  - ln -s ~/.downloaded-cache
-  - "> config.status"
-  - "> .rbconfig.time"
-  - sed -f tool/prereq.status template/Makefile.in common.mk > Makefile
-  - make touch-unicode-files
-  - make -s $JOBS $UPDATE_UNICODE up
-  - make -s $JOBS srcs
-  - rm -f config.status Makefile rbconfig.rb .rbconfig.time
-  - |-
-    if [ -d ~/config_2nd ]; then
-      cp -pr ~/config_2nd build
-    else
-      mkdir build
-    fi
-  - mkdir config_1st config_2nd
-  - chmod -R a-w .
-  - chmod -R u+w build config_1st config_2nd
-  - cd build
-  - |-
-    case "$CC" in
-    gcc*)   CC="ccache $CC${GCC_FLAGS:+ }$GCC_FLAGS -fno-diagnostics-color";;
-    clang*) CC="ccache $CC${GCC_FLAGS:+ }$GCC_FLAGS -fno-color-diagnostics";;
-    esac
-  - |-
-    [ ! -f config.cache ] ||
-    [ "$CC" = "`sed -n s/^ac_cv_prog_CC=//p config.cache`" ] ||
-    (set -x; exec rm config.cache)
-  - $SETARCH ../configure -C --disable-install-doc --prefix=$RUBY_PREFIX $CONFIG_FLAG
-  - cp -pr config.cache config.status .ext/include ../config_1st
-  - $SETARCH make reconfig
-  - cp -pr config.cache config.status .ext/include ../config_2nd
-  - (cd .. && exec diff -ru config_1st config_2nd)
-  - chmod u+w ..
-  - rm -rf ~/config_2nd
-  - mv ../config_2nd ~
-  - chmod u-w ..
-  - $SETARCH make -s $JOBS
-  - make -s install
-  - |-
-    [ -z "${GEMS_FOR_TEST}" ] ||
-    $RUBY_PREFIX/bin/gem install --no-document $GEMS_FOR_TEST
-  - echo "raise 'do not load ~/.irbrc in test'" > ~/.irbrc
-
-script:
-  - $SETARCH make -s test -o showflags TESTOPTS="${TESTOPTS=$JOBS -q --tty=no}"
-  - travis_wait 50 $SETARCH make -s test-all -o exts TESTOPTS="${TESTOPTS} ${TEST_ALL_OPTS}" RUBYOPT="-w"
-  - $SETARCH make -s test-spec MSPECOPT=-ff # not using `-j` because sometimes `mspec -j` silently dies
-  - $SETARCH make -s -o showflags leaked-globals
-
-# Branch matrix.  Not all branches are Travis-ready so we limit branches here.
-branches:
-  only:
-    - master
-    - ruby_2_4
-    - ruby_2_5
-    - ruby_2_6
-    - ruby_2_7
-
-# We want to be notified when something happens.
-notifications:
-  irc:
-    channels:
-      - "chat.freenode.net#ruby-core"
-    on_success: change # [always|never|change] # default: always
-    on_failure: always # [always|never|change] # default: always
-    template:
-      - "%{message} by @%{author}: See %{build_url}"
-
-  webhooks:
-    urls:
-      - secure: mRsoS/UbqDkKkW5p3AEqM27d4SZnV6Gsylo3bm8T/deltQzTsGzZwrm7OIBXZv0UFZdE68XmPlyHfZFLSP2V9QZ7apXMf9/vw0GtcSe1gchtnjpAPF6lYBn7nMCbVPPx9cS0dwL927fjdRM1vj7IKZ2bk4F0lAJ25R25S6teqdk= # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot (travis)
-    on_success: never
-    on_failure: always
-
-  email:
-    - ko1c-failure@atdot.net
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index ffdf2dd4b8..13df6087ca 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -1,4 +1 @@
-Please see the [official issue tracker] and wiki [HowToContribute].
-
-[official issue tracker]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org
-[HowToContribute]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby/wiki/HowToContribute
+See ["Contributing to Ruby"](https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/contributing_md.html), which includes setup and build instructions.
diff --git a/LEGAL b/LEGAL
index 2a7964e771..0423d57ac9 100644
--- a/LEGAL
+++ b/LEGAL
@@ -314,17 +314,6 @@ mentioned below.
     This configure script is free software; the Free Software Foundation
     gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it.
 
-[aclocal.m4]
-
-  This file is free software.
-
-  >>>
-    Copyright (C) 1996-2020:: Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-    This file is free software; the Free Software Foundation
-    gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
-    with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
-
 [tool/config.guess]
 [tool/config.sub]
 
@@ -354,6 +343,34 @@ mentioned below.
     program.  This Exception is an additional permission under section 7
     of the GNU General Public License, version 3 ("GPLv3").
 
+[tool/lib/test/*]
+[tool/lib/core_assertions.rb]
+
+  Some of methods on these files are based on MiniTest 4. MiniTest 4 is
+  distributed under the MIT License.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) Ryan Davis, seattle.rb
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+    a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+    'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+    without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+    distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+    permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+    the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+    included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+    EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+    MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+    IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+    CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+    TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+    SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
 [parse.c]
 [parse.h]
 
@@ -451,7 +468,8 @@ mentioned below.
 
   >>>
     A C-program for MT19937, with initialization improved 2002/2/10.::
-    Coded by Takuji Nishimura and Makoto Matsumoto.  
+    Coded by Takuji Nishimura and Makoto Matsumoto.
+
     This is a faster version by taking Shawn Cokus's optimization,
     Matthe Bellew's simplification, Isaku Wada's real version.
 
@@ -542,12 +560,8 @@ mentioned below.
 [include/ruby/st.h]
 [missing/acosh.c]
 [missing/alloca.c]
-[missing/dup2.c]
 [missing/erf.c]
-[missing/finite.c]
 [missing/hypot.c]
-[missing/isinf.c]
-[missing/isnan.c]
 [missing/lgamma_r.c]
 [missing/memcmp.c]
 [missing/memmove.c]
@@ -945,9 +959,7 @@ mentioned below.
 
 [lib/bundler]
 [lib/bundler.rb]
-[lib/bundler.gemspec]
 [spec/bundler]
-[man/bundle-*,gemfile.*]
 
   Bundler is under the following license.
 
@@ -957,6 +969,51 @@ mentioned below.
 
     {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License]
 
+[lib/bundler/vendor/thor]
+
+  Thor is under the following license.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2008 Yehuda Katz, Eric Hodel, et al.
+
+    {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License]
+
+[lib/rubygems/resolver/molinillo]
+
+  molinillo is under the following license.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2014 Samuel E. Giddins segiddins@segiddins.me
+
+    {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License]
+
+[lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub]
+
+  pub_grub is under the following license.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2018 John Hawthorn
+
+    {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License]
+
+[lib/bundler/vendor/connection_pool]
+
+  connection_pool is under the following license.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2011 Mike Perham
+
+    {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License]
+
+[lib/bundler/vendor/net-http-persistent]
+
+  net-http-persistent is under the following license.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) Eric Hodel, Aaron Patterson
+
+    {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License]
+
 [lib/did_you_mean]
 [lib/did_you_mean.rb]
 [test/did_you_mean]
@@ -968,6 +1025,17 @@ mentioned below.
 
     {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License]
 
+[lib/error_highlight]
+[lib/error_highlight.rb]
+[test/error_highlight]
+
+  error_highlight is under the following license.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2021 Yusuke Endoh
+
+    {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License]
+
 [benchmark/so_ackermann.rb]
 [benchmark/so_array.rb]
 [benchmark/so_binary_trees.rb]
diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index 9b48c54dae..f6c3c6fc97 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -1,633 +1,820 @@
-# NEWS for Ruby 3.0.0
+# NEWS for Ruby 3.2.0
 
-This document is a list of user visible feature changes
-since the **2.7.0** release, except for bug fixes.
+This document is a list of user-visible feature changes
+since the **3.1.0** release, except for bug fixes.
 
-Note that each entry is kept so brief that no reason behind or reference
-information is supplied with.  For a full list of changes with all
-sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file or Redmine
-(e.g. `https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/$FEATURE_OR_BUG_NUMBER`).
+Note that each entry is kept to a minimum, see links for details.
 
 ## Language changes
 
-* Keyword arguments are now separated from positional arguments.
-  Code that resulted in deprecation warnings in Ruby 2.7 will now
-  result in ArgumentError or different behavior. [[Feature #14183]]
-
-* Arguments forwarding (`...`) now supports leading arguments.
-  [[Feature #16378]]
+* Anonymous rest and keyword rest arguments can now be passed as
+  arguments, instead of just used in method parameters.
+  [[Feature #18351]]
 
     ```ruby
-    def method_missing(meth, ...)
-      send(:"do_#{meth}", ...)
+    def foo(*)
+      bar(*)
+    end
+    def baz(**)
+      quux(**)
     end
     ```
 
-* Procs accepting a single rest argument and keywords are no longer
-  subject to autosplatting.  This now matches the behavior of Procs
-  accepting a single rest argument and no keywords.
-  [[Feature #16166]]
+* A proc that accepts a single positional argument and keywords will
+  no longer autosplat. [[Bug #18633]]
 
     ```ruby
-    pr = proc{|*a, **kw| [a, kw]}
+    proc{|a, **k| a}.call([1, 2])
+    # Ruby 3.1 and before
+    # => 1
+    # Ruby 3.2 and after
+    # => [1, 2]
+    ```
 
-    pr.call([1])
-    # 2.7 => [[1], {}]
-    # 3.0 => [[[1]], {}]
+* Constant assignment evaluation order for constants set on explicit
+  objects has been made consistent with single attribute assignment
+  evaluation order. With this code:
 
-    pr.call([1, {a: 1}])
-    # 2.7 => [[1], {:a=>1}] # and deprecation warning
-    # 3.0 => [[[1, {:a=>1}]], {}]
+    ```ruby
+    foo::BAR = baz
     ```
 
-* $SAFE is now a normal global variable with no special behavior.
-  C-API methods related to $SAFE have been removed.
-  [[Feature #16131]]
+    `foo` is now called before `baz`. Similarly, for multiple assignments
+    to constants,  left-to-right evaluation order is used. With this
+    code:
 
-* yield in singleton class definitions in methods is now a SyntaxError
-  instead of a warning. yield in a class definition outside of a method
-  is now a SyntaxError instead of a LocalJumpError.  [[Feature #15575]]
+    ```ruby
+    foo1::BAR1, foo2::BAR2 = baz1, baz2
+    ```
 
-* Pattern matching is no longer experimental. [[Feature #17260]]
+    The following evaluation order is now used:
 
-* One-line pattern matching now uses `=>` instead of `in`.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
-  [[Feature #17260]]
+    1. `foo1`
+    2. `foo2`
+    3. `baz1`
+    4. `baz2`
 
-    ```ruby
-    # version 3.0
-    {a: 0, b: 1} => {a:}
-    p a # => 0
+    [[Bug #15928]]
 
-    # version 2.7
-    {a: 0, b: 1} in {a:}
-    p a # => 0
-    ```
+* "Find pattern" is no longer experimental.
+  [[Feature #18585]]
 
-* Find pattern is added.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
-  [[Feature #16828]]
+* Methods taking a rest parameter (like `*args`) and wishing to delegate keyword
+  arguments through `foo(*args)` must now be marked with `ruby2_keywords`
+  (if not already the case). In other words, all methods wishing to delegate
+  keyword arguments through `*args` must now be marked with `ruby2_keywords`,
+  with no exception. This will make it easier to transition to other ways of
+  delegation once a library can require Ruby 3+. Previously, the `ruby2_keywords`
+  flag was kept if the receiving method took `*args`, but this was a bug and an
+  inconsistency. A good technique to find the potentially-missing `ruby2_keywords`
+  is to run the test suite, for where it fails find the last method which must
+  receive keyword arguments, use `puts nil, caller, nil` there, and check each
+  method/block on the call chain which must delegate keywords is correctly marked
+  as `ruby2_keywords`. [[Bug #18625]] [[Bug #16466]]
 
     ```ruby
-    case ["a", 1, "b", "c", 2, "d", "e", "f", 3]
-    in [*pre, String => x, String => y, *post]
-      p pre  #=> ["a", 1]
-      p x    #=> "b"
-      p y    #=> "c"
-      p post #=> [2, "d", "e", "f", 3]
+    def target(**kw)
     end
-    ```
 
-* When a class variable is overtaken by the same definition in an
-  ancestor class/module, a RuntimeError is now raised (previously,
-  it only issued a warning in verbose mode.  Additionally, accessing a
-  class variable from the toplevel scope is now a RuntimeError.
-  [[Bug #14541]]
+    # Accidentally worked without ruby2_keywords in Ruby 2.7-3.1, ruby2_keywords
+    # needed in 3.2+. Just like (*args, **kwargs) or (...) would be needed on
+    # both #foo and #bar when migrating away from ruby2_keywords.
+    ruby2_keywords def bar(*args)
+      target(*args)
+    end
 
-* Endless method definition is added.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
-  [[Feature #16746]]
+    ruby2_keywords def foo(*args)
+      bar(*args)
+    end
 
-    ```ruby
-    def square(x) = x * x
+    foo(k: 1)
     ```
 
-* Interpolated String literals are no longer frozen when
-  `# frozen-string-literal: true` is used. [[Feature #17104]]
-
-* A static analysis foundation is introduced.  See "Static analysis" section in detail.
-  * RBS is introduced. It is a type definition language for Ruby programs.
-  * TypeProf is experimentally bundled. It is a type analysis tool for Ruby programs.
+## Core classes updates
 
-## Command line options
+Note: We're only listing outstanding class updates.
 
-### `--help` option
+* Fiber
 
-When the environment variable `RUBY_PAGER` or `PAGER` is present and has
-non-empty value, and the standard input and output are tty, `--help`
-option shows the help message via the pager designated by the value.
-[[Feature #16754]]
+    * Introduce Fiber.[] and Fiber.[]= for inheritable fiber storage.
+      Introduce Fiber#storage and Fiber#storage= (experimental) for
+      getting and resetting the current storage.  Introduce
+      `Fiber.new(storage:)` for setting the storage when creating a
+      fiber. [[Feature #19078]]
+
+        Existing Thread and Fiber local variables can be tricky to use.
+        Thread-local variables are shared between all fibers, making it
+        hard to isolate, while Fiber-local variables can be hard to
+        share.  It is often desirable to define unit of execution
+        ("execution context") such that some state is shared between all
+        fibers and threads created in that context.  This is what Fiber
+        storage provides.
+
+        ```ruby
+        def log(message)
+          puts "#{Fiber[:request_id]}: #{message}"
+        end
+
+        def handle_requests
+          while request = read_request
+            Fiber.schedule do
+              Fiber[:request_id] = SecureRandom.uuid
+
+              request.messages.each do |message|
+                Fiber.schedule do
+                  log("Handling #{message}") # Log includes inherited request_id.
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        ```
+
+        You should generally consider Fiber storage for any state which
+        you want to be shared implicitly between all fibers and threads
+        created in a given context, e.g. a connection pool, a request
+        id, a logger level, environment variables, configuration, etc.
+
+* Fiber::Scheduler
+
+    * Introduce `Fiber::Scheduler#io_select` for non-blocking IO.select.
+      [[Feature #19060]]
 
-### `--backtrace-limit` option
+* IO
 
-`--backtrace-limit` option limits the maximum length of backtrace.
-[[Feature #8661]]
+    * Introduce IO#timeout= and IO#timeout which can cause
+      IO::TimeoutError to be raised if a blocking operation exceeds the
+      specified timeout. [[Feature #18630]]
 
-## Core classes updates
+        ```ruby
+        STDIN.timeout = 1
+        STDIN.read # => Blocking operation timed out! (IO::TimeoutError)
+        ```
 
-Outstanding ones only.
+    * Introduce `IO.new(..., path:)` and promote `File#path` to `IO#path`.
+      [[Feature #19036]]
 
-* Array
+* Class
 
-    * Modified methods
+    * Class#attached_object, which returns the object for which
+      the receiver is the singleton class. Raises TypeError if the
+      receiver is not a singleton class.
+      [[Feature #12084]]
 
-        * The following methods now return Array instances instead of
-          subclass instances when called on subclass instances:
-          [[Bug #6087]]
+        ```ruby
+        class Foo; end
 
-            * `Array#drop`
-            * `Array#drop_while`
-            * `Array#flatten`
-            * `Array#slice!`
-            * `Array#slice/#[]`
-            * `Array#take`
-            * `Array#take_while`
-            * `Array#uniq`
-            * `Array#*`
+        Foo.singleton_class.attached_object        #=> Foo
+        Foo.new.singleton_class.attached_object    #=> #<Foo:0x000000010491a370>
+        Foo.attached_object                        #=> TypeError: `Foo' is not a singleton class
+        nil.singleton_class.attached_object        #=> TypeError: `NilClass' is not a singleton class
+        ```
 
-* Dir
+* Data
 
-    * Modified method
+    * New core class to represent simple immutable value object. The class is
+      similar to Struct and partially shares an implementation, but has more
+      lean and strict API. [[Feature #16122]]
 
-        * Dir.glob and Dir.[] now sort the results by default, and
-          accept `sort:` keyword option.  [[Feature #8709]]
+        ```ruby
+        Measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit)
+        distance = Measure.new(100, 'km')            #=> #<data Measure amount=100, unit="km">
+        weight = Measure.new(amount: 50, unit: 'kg') #=> #<data Measure amount=50, unit="kg">
+        weight.with(amount: 40)                      #=> #<data Measure amount=40, unit="kg">
+        weight.amount                                #=> 50
+        weight.amount = 40                           #=> NoMethodError: undefined method `amount='
+        ```
 
-* ENV
+* Encoding
 
-    * New method
+    * Encoding#replicate has been deprecated and will be removed in 3.3. [[Feature #18949]]
+    * The dummy `Encoding::UTF_16` and `Encoding::UTF_32` encodings no longer
+      try to dynamically guess the endian based on a byte order mark.
+      Use `Encoding::UTF_16BE`/`UTF_16LE` and `Encoding::UTF_32BE`/`UTF_32LE` instead.
+      This change speeds up getting the encoding of a String. [[Feature #18949]]
+    * Limit maximum encoding set size by 256.
+      If exceeding maximum size, `EncodingError` will be raised. [[Feature #18949]]
 
-        * ENV.except, which returns a hash excluding the given keys
-          and their values.  [[Feature #15822]]
+* Enumerator
 
-* Encoding
+    * Enumerator.product has been added.  Enumerator::Product is the implementation. [[Feature #18685]]
 
-    * New encoding
+* Exception
 
-        * Added new encoding IBM720.  [[Feature #16233]]
+    * Exception#detailed_message has been added.
+      The default error printer calls this method on the Exception object
+      instead of #message. [[Feature #18564]]
 
 * Hash
 
-    * Modified method
-
-        * Hash#transform_keys now accepts a hash that maps keys to new
-          keys.  [[Feature #16274]]
+    * Hash#shift now always returns nil if the hash is
+      empty, instead of returning the default value or
+      calling the default proc. [[Bug #16908]]
 
-    * New method
+* Integer
 
-        * Hash#except, which returns a hash excluding the given keys
-          and their values.  [[Feature #15822]]
+    * Integer#ceildiv has been added. [[Feature #18809]]
 
 * Kernel
 
-    * Modified method
+    * Kernel#binding raises RuntimeError if called from a non-Ruby frame
+      (such as a method defined in C). [[Bug #18487]]
 
-        * Kernel#clone when called with `freeze: false` keyword will call
-          `#initialize_clone` with the `freeze: false` keyword.
-          [[Bug #14266]]
+* MatchData
 
-        * Kernel#clone when called with `freeze: true` keyword will call
-          `#initialize_clone` with the `freeze: true` keyword, and will
-          return a frozen copy even if the receiver is unfrozen.
-          [[Feature #16175]]
+    * MatchData#byteoffset has been added. [[Feature #13110]]
+    * MatchData#deconstruct has been added. [[Feature #18821]]
+    * MatchData#deconstruct_keys has been added. [[Feature #18821]]
 
-        * Kernel#eval when called with two arguments will use "(eval)"
-          for `__FILE__` and 1 for `__LINE__` in the evaluated code.
-          [[Bug #4352]]
+* Module
 
-        * Kernel#lambda now warns if called without a literal block.
-          [[Feature #15973]]
+    * Module.used_refinements has been added. [[Feature #14332]]
+    * Module#refinements has been added. [[Feature #12737]]
+    * Module#const_added has been added. [[Feature #17881]]
+    * Module#undefined_instance_methods has been added. [[Feature #12655]]
 
-* Module
+* Proc
 
-    * Modified method
+    * Proc#dup returns an instance of subclass. [[Bug #17545]]
+    * Proc#parameters now accepts lambda keyword. [[Feature #15357]]
 
-        * Module#include and #prepend now affect classes and modules that
-          have already included or prepended the receiver, mirroring the
-          behavior if the arguments were included in the receiver before
-          the other modules and classes included or prepended the receiver.
-          [[Feature #9573]]
+* Process
+    * Added `RLIMIT_NPTS` constant to FreeBSD platform
 
-            ```ruby
-            class C; end
-            module M1; end
-            module M2; end
-            C.include M1
-            M1.include M2
-            p C.ancestors #=> [C, M1, M2, Object, Kernel, BasicObject]
-            ```
+* Regexp
 
-* Thread
+    * The cache-based optimization is introduced.
+      Many (but not all) Regexp matching is now in linear time, which
+      will prevent regular expression denial of service (ReDoS)
+      vulnerability. [[Feature #19104]]
 
-    * Introduce `Fiber.set_scheduler` for intercepting blocking operations and
-      `Fiber.scheduler` for accessing the current scheduler. See
-      doc/scheduler.md for more details. [[Feature #16786]]
-    * `Fiber.blocking?` tells whether the current execution context is
-      blocking. [[Feature #16786]]
-    * `Thread#join` invokes the scheduler hooks `block`/`unblock` in a
-      non-blocking execution context. [[Feature #16786]]
-    * `Thread.ignore_deadlock` accessor for disabling the default deadlock
-      detection, allowing the use of signal handlers to break deadlock.
-      [[Bug #13768]]
+    * Regexp.linear_time? is introduced. [[Feature #19194]]
 
-* Mutex
+    * Regexp.new now supports passing the regexp flags not only as an Integer,
+      but also as a String.  Unknown flags raise ArgumentError.
+      Otherwise, anything other than `true`, `false`, `nil` or Integer will be warned.
+      [[Feature #18788]]
 
-    * `Mutex` is now acquired per-`Fiber` instead of per-`Thread`. This change
-      should be compatible for essentially all usages and avoids blocking when
-      using a scheduler. [[Feature #16792]]
+    * Regexp.timeout= has been added. Also, Regexp.new new supports timeout keyword.
+      See [[Feature #17837]]
 
-* Fiber
+* Refinement
 
-    * `Fiber.new(blocking: true/false)` allows you to create non-blocking
-      execution contexts. [[Feature #16786]]
-    * `Fiber#blocking?` tells whether the fiber is non-blocking. [[Feature #16786]]
-    * `Fiber#backtrace` & `Fiber#backtrace_locations` provide per-fiber backtrace.
-      [[Feature #16815]]
-    * The limitation of `Fiber#transfer` is relaxed. [Bug #17221]
+    * Refinement#refined_class has been added. [[Feature #12737]]
 
-* Kernel
+* RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree
 
-    * `Kernel.sleep(...)` invokes the scheduler hook `#kernel_sleep(...)` in a
-      non-blocking execution context. [[Feature #16786]]
+    * Add `error_tolerant` option for `parse`, `parse_file` and `of`. [[Feature #19013]]
+      With this option
 
-* IO
+        1. SyntaxError is suppressed
+        2. AST is returned for invalid input
+        3. `end` is complemented when a parser reaches to the end of input but `end` is insufficient
+        4. `end` is treated as keyword based on indent
 
-    * `IO#nonblock?` now defaults to `true`. [[Feature #16786]]
-    * `IO#wait_readable`, `IO#wait_writable`, `IO#read`, `IO#write` and other
-      related methods (e.g. `#puts`, `#gets`) may invoke the scheduler hook
-      `#io_wait(io, events, timeout)` in a non-blocking execution context.
-      [[Feature #16786]]
+        ```ruby
+        # Without error_tolerant option
+        root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse(<<~RUBY)
+        def m
+          a = 10
+          if
+        end
+        RUBY
+        # => <internal:ast>:33:in `parse': syntax error, unexpected `end' (SyntaxError)
 
-* ConditionVariable
+        # With error_tolerant option
+        root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse(<<~RUBY, error_tolerant: true)
+        def m
+          a = 10
+          if
+        end
+        RUBY
+        p root # => #<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:SCOPE@1:0-4:3>
 
-    * `ConditionVariable#wait` may now invoke the `block`/`unblock` scheduler
-      hooks in a non-blocking context. [[Feature #16786]]
+        # `end` is treated as keyword based on indent
+        root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse(<<~RUBY, error_tolerant: true)
+        module Z
+          class Foo
+            foo.
+          end
 
-* Queue / SizedQueue
+          def bar
+          end
+        end
+        RUBY
+        p root.children[-1].children[-1].children[-1].children[-2..-1]
+        # => [#<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:CLASS@2:2-4:5>, #<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:DEFN@6:2-7:5>]
+        ```
 
-    * `Queue#pop`, `SizedQueue#push` and related methods may now invoke the
-      `block`/`unblock` scheduler hooks in a non-blocking context.
-      [[Feature #16786]]
+    * Add `keep_tokens` option for `parse`, `parse_file` and `of`. Add `#tokens` and `#all_tokens`
+      for RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node [[Feature #19070]]
 
-* Ractor
+        ```ruby
+        root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse("x = 1 + 2", keep_tokens: true)
+        root.tokens # => [[0, :tIDENTIFIER, "x", [1, 0, 1, 1]], [1, :tSP, " ", [1, 1, 1, 2]], ...]
+        root.tokens.map{_1[2]}.join # => "x = 1 + 2"
+        ```
 
-    * new class to enable parallel execution. See doc/ractor.md for
-      more details.
+* Set
 
-* Symbol
+    * Set is now available as a built-in class without the need for `require "set"`. [[Feature #16989]]
+      It is currently autoloaded via the Set constant or a call to Enumerable#to_set.
 
-    * Modified method
+* String
 
-        * Symbol#to_proc now returns a lambda Proc.
-          [[Feature #16260]]
+    * String#byteindex and String#byterindex have been added. [[Feature #13110]]
+    * Update Unicode to Version 15.0.0 and Emoji Version 15.0. [[Feature #18639]]
+      (also applies to Regexp)
+    * String#bytesplice has been added.  [[Feature #18598]]
+    * String#dedup has been added as an alias to String#-@.  [[Feature #18595]]
 
-    * New method
+* Struct
 
-        * Symbol#name, which returns the name of the symbol if it is
-          named.  The returned string cannot be modified.
-          [[Feature #16150]]
+    * A Struct class can also be initialized with keyword arguments
+      without `keyword_init: true` on Struct.new [[Feature #16806]]
 
-* String
+        ```ruby
+        Post = Struct.new(:id, :name)
+        Post.new(1, "hello") #=> #<struct Post id=1, name="hello">
+        # From Ruby 3.2, the following code also works without keyword_init: true.
+        Post.new(id: 1, name: "hello") #=> #<struct Post id=1, name="hello">
+        ```
+
+* Thread
+
+    * Thread.each_caller_location is added. [[Feature #16663]]
+
+* Thread::Queue
+
+    * Thread::Queue#pop(timeout: sec) is added. [[Feature #18774]]
+
+* Thread::SizedQueue
+
+    * Thread::SizedQueue#pop(timeout: sec) is added. [[Feature #18774]]
+    * Thread::SizedQueue#push(timeout: sec) is added. [[Feature #18944]]
+
+* Time
+
+    * Time#deconstruct_keys is added, allowing to use Time instances
+      in pattern-matching expressions [[Feature #19071]]
 
-    * Modified methods
-
-        * The following methods now return or yield String instances
-          instead of subclass instances when called on subclass instances:
-          [[Bug #10845]]
-
-            * `String#*`
-            * `String#capitalize`
-            * `String#center`
-            * `String#chomp`
-            * `String#chop`
-            * `String#delete`
-            * `String#delete_prefix`
-            * `String#delete_suffix`
-            * `String#downcase`
-            * `String#dump`
-            * `String#each_char`
-            * `String#each_grapheme_cluster`
-            * `String#each_line`
-            * `String#gsub`
-            * `String#ljust`
-            * `String#lstrip`
-            * `String#partition`
-            * `String#reverse`
-            * `String#rjust`
-            * `String#rpartition`
-            * `String#rstrip`
-            * `String#scrub`
-            * `String#slice!`
-            * `String#slice/#[]`
-            * `String#split`
-            * `String#squeeze`
-            * `String#strip`
-            * `String#sub`
-            * `String#succ/#next`
-            * `String#swapcase`
-            * `String#tr`
-            * `String#tr_s`
-            * `String#upcase`
-
-* Warning
-
-    * Modified method
-
-        * Warning#warn now supports a category kwarg.
-        [[Feature #17122]]
+    * Time.new now can parse a string like generated by Time#inspect
+      and return a Time instance based on the given argument.
+      [[Feature #18033]]
+
+* SyntaxError
+    * SyntaxError#path has been added.  [[Feature #19138]]
+
+* TracePoint
+
+    * TracePoint#binding now returns `nil` for `c_call`/`c_return` TracePoints.
+      [[Bug #18487]]
+    * TracePoint#enable `target_thread` keyword argument now defaults to the
+      current thread if a block is given and `target` and `target_line` keyword
+      arguments are not passed. [[Bug #16889]]
+
+* UnboundMethod
+
+    * `UnboundMethod#==` returns `true` if the actual method is same. For example,
+      `String.instance_method(:object_id) == Array.instance_method(:object_id)`
+      returns `true`. [[Feature #18798]]
+
+    * `UnboundMethod#inspect` does not show the receiver of `instance_method`.
+      For example `String.instance_method(:object_id).inspect` returns
+      `"#<UnboundMethod: Kernel#object_id()>"`
+      (was `"#<UnboundMethod: String(Kernel)#object_id()>"`).
 
 * GC
-    * New method
 
-        * `GC.auto_compact=`, `GC.auto_compact` can be used to control when
-          compaction runs.  Setting `auto_compact=` to true will cause
-          compaction to occur during major collections.  At the moment,
-          compaction adds significant overhead to major collections, so please
-          test first!
-          [[Feature #17176]]
+    * Expose `need_major_gc` via `GC.latest_gc_info`. [GH-6791]
+
+* ObjectSpace
+
+    * `ObjectSpace.dump_all` dump shapes as well. [GH-6868]
 
 ## Stdlib updates
 
-Outstanding ones only.
+* Bundler
+
+    * Bundler now uses [PubGrub] resolver instead of [Molinillo] for performance improvement.
+    * Add --ext=rust support to bundle gem for creating simple gems with Rust extensions.
+      [[GH-rubygems-6149]]
+    * Make cloning git repos faster [[GH-rubygems-4475]]
 
 * RubyGems
 
-    * Update to RubyGems 3.2.0.rc.1
+    * Add mswin support for cargo builder. [[GH-rubygems-6167]]
 
-* Bundler
+* CGI
+
+    * `CGI.escapeURIComponent` and `CGI.unescapeURIComponent` are added.
+      [[Feature #18822]]
+
+* Coverage
+
+    * `Coverage.setup` now accepts `eval: true`. By this, `eval` and related methods are
+      able to generate code coverage. [[Feature #19008]]
+
+    * `Coverage.supported?(mode)` enables detection of what coverage modes are
+      supported. [[Feature #19026]]
 
-    * Update to Bundler 2.2.0.rc.1
+* Date
 
-* Net::HTTP
+    * Added `Date#deconstruct_keys` and `DateTime#deconstruct_keys` same as [[Feature #19071]]
 
-    * New method
+* ERB
 
-        * Add Net::HTTP#verify_hostname= and Net::HTTP#verify_hostname
-          to skip hostname verification.  [[Feature #16555]]
+    * `ERB::Util.html_escape` is made faster than `CGI.escapeHTML`.
+        * It no longer allocates a String object when no character needs to be escaped.
+        * It skips calling `#to_s` method when an argument is already a String.
+        * `ERB::Escape.html_escape` is added as an alias to `ERB::Util.html_escape`,
+          which has not been monkey-patched by Rails.
+    * `ERB::Util.url_encode` is made faster using `CGI.escapeURIComponent`.
+    * `-S` option is removed from `erb` command.
 
-    * Modified method
+* FileUtils
 
-        * Net::HTTP.get, Net::HTTP.get_response, and Net::HTTP.get_print can
-          take request headers as a Hash in the second argument when the first
-          argument is a URI.  [[Feature #16686]]
+    * Add FileUtils.ln_sr method and `relative:` option to FileUtils.ln_s.
+      [[Feature #18925]]
 
 * IRB
 
-    * Update to IRB 1.2.6
+    * debug.gem integration commands have been added: `debug`, `break`, `catch`,
+      `next`, `delete`, `step`, `continue`, `finish`, `backtrace`, `info`
+        * They work even if you don't have `gem "debug"` in your Gemfile.
+        * See also: [What's new in Ruby 3.2's IRB?](https://st0012.dev/whats-new-in-ruby-3-2-irb)
+    * More Pry-like commands and features have been added.
+        * `edit` and `show_cmds` (like Pry's `help`) are added.
+        * `ls` takes `-g` or `-G` option to filter out outputs.
+        * `show_source` is aliased from `$` and accepts unquoted inputs.
+        * `whereami` is aliased from `@`.
 
-* OpenStruct
+* Net::Protocol
 
-    * Initialization no longer lazy [[Bug #12136]]
-    * Builtin methods can now be overridden safely. [[Bug #15409]]
-    * Implementation uses only methods ending with `!`.
-    * Ractor compatible.
-    * Improved support for YAML [[Bug #8382]]
-    * Use officially discouraged. Read "Caveats" section.
+    * Improve `Net::BufferedIO` performance. [[GH-net-protocol-14]]
 
-* Reline
+* Pathname
 
-    * Update to Reline 0.1.5
+    * Added `Pathname#lutime`. [[GH-pathname-20]]
 
 * Socket
 
-    * TCPSocket.new now supports `resolv_timeout`. [[Feature #17134]]
+    * Added the following constants for supported platforms.
+        * `SO_INCOMING_CPU`
+        * `SO_INCOMING_NAPI_ID`
+        * `SO_RTABLE`
+        * `SO_SETFIB`
+        * `SO_USER_COOKIE`
+        * `TCP_KEEPALIVE`
+        * `TCP_CONNECTION_INFO`
+
+* SyntaxSuggest
+
+    * The feature of `syntax_suggest` formerly `dead_end` is integrated in Ruby.
+      [[Feature #18159]]
+
+* UNIXSocket
+
+    * Add support for UNIXSocket on Windows. Emulate anonymous sockets. Add
+      support for File.socket? and File::Stat#socket? where possible.
+      [[Feature #19135]]
+
+*   The following default gems are updated.
+
+    * RubyGems 3.4.1
+    * abbrev 0.1.1
+    * benchmark 0.2.1
+    * bigdecimal 3.1.3
+    * bundler 2.4.1
+    * cgi 0.3.6
+    * csv 3.2.6
+    * date 3.3.3
+    * delegate 0.3.0
+    * did_you_mean 1.6.3
+    * digest 3.1.1
+    * drb 2.1.1
+    * english 0.7.2
+    * erb 4.0.2
+    * error_highlight 0.5.1
+    * etc 1.4.2
+    * fcntl 1.0.2
+    * fiddle 1.1.1
+    * fileutils 1.7.0
+    * forwardable 1.3.3
+    * getoptlong 0.2.0
+    * io-console 0.6.0
+    * io-nonblock 0.2.0
+    * io-wait 0.3.0
+    * ipaddr 1.2.5
+    * irb 1.6.2
+    * json 2.6.3
+    * logger 1.5.3
+    * mutex_m 0.1.2
+    * net-http 0.4.0
+    * net-protocol 0.2.1
+    * nkf 0.1.2
+    * open-uri 0.3.0
+    * open3 0.1.2
+    * openssl 3.1.0
+    * optparse 0.3.1
+    * ostruct 0.5.5
+    * pathname 0.2.1
+    * pp 0.4.0
+    * pstore 0.1.2
+    * psych 5.0.1
+    * racc 1.6.2
+    * rdoc 6.5.0
+    * readline-ext 0.1.5
+    * reline 0.3.2
+    * resolv 0.2.2
+    * resolv-replace 0.1.1
+    * securerandom 0.2.2
+    * set 1.0.3
+    * stringio 3.0.4
+    * strscan 3.0.5
+    * syntax_suggest 1.0.2
+    * syslog 0.1.1
+    * tempfile 0.1.3
+    * time 0.2.1
+    * timeout 0.3.1
+    * tmpdir 0.1.3
+    * tsort 0.1.1
+    * un 0.2.1
+    * uri 0.12.0
+    * weakref 0.1.2
+    * win32ole 1.8.9
+    * yaml 0.2.1
+    * zlib 3.0.0
+
+*   The following bundled gems are updated.
+
+    * minitest 5.16.3
+    * power_assert 2.0.3
+    * test-unit 3.5.7
+    * net-ftp 0.2.0
+    * net-imap 0.3.4
+    * net-pop 0.1.2
+    * net-smtp 0.3.3
+    * rbs 2.8.2
+    * typeprof 0.21.3
+    * debug 1.7.1
+
+See GitHub releases like [GitHub Releases of Logger](https://github.com/ruby/logger/releases) or changelog for details of the default gems or bundled gems.
+
+## Supported platforms
+
+* WebAssembly/WASI is added. See [wasm/README.md] and [ruby.wasm] for more details. [[Feature #18462]]
 
-      ```ruby
-      # it raises SocketError if name resolution is not finished within resolve_timeout.
-      tcp_socket = TCPSocket.new("example.com", 80, resolv_timeout: 10)
-      ```
+## Compatibility issues
 
-* Fiddle
+* `String#to_c` currently treat a sequence of underscores as an end of Complex
+  string. [[Bug #19087]]
 
-    * Update to Fiddle 1.0.2
+* Now `ENV.clone` raises `TypeError` as well as `ENV.dup` [[Bug #17767]]
 
-* CSV
+### Removed constants
 
-    * Update to CSV 3.1.9
+The following deprecated constants are removed.
 
-## Compatibility issues
+* `Fixnum` and `Bignum` [[Feature #12005]]
+* `Random::DEFAULT` [[Feature #17351]]
+* `Struct::Group`
+* `Struct::Passwd`
 
-Excluding feature bug fixes.
+### Removed methods
 
-* Regexp literals and all Range objects are frozen [[Feature #8948]] [[Feature #16377]] [[Feature #15504]]
-    ```ruby
-    /foo/.frozen? #=> true
-    (42...).frozen? # => true
-    ```
+The following deprecated methods are removed.
 
-* EXPERIMENTAL: Hash#each consistently yields a 2-element array [[Bug #12706]]
+* `Dir.exists?` [[Feature #17391]]
+* `File.exists?` [[Feature #17391]]
+* `Kernel#=~` [[Feature #15231]]
+* `Kernel#taint`, `Kernel#untaint`, `Kernel#tainted?`
+  [[Feature #16131]]
+* `Kernel#trust`, `Kernel#untrust`, `Kernel#untrusted?`
+  [[Feature #16131]]
+* `Method#public?`, `Method#private?`, `Method#protected?`,
+  `UnboundMethod#public?`, `UnboundMethod#private?`, `UnboundMethod#protected?`
+  [[Bug #18729]] [[Bug #18751]] [[Bug #18435]]
+
+### Source code incompatibility of extension libraries
 
-    * Now `{ a: 1 }.each(&->(k, v) { })` raises an ArgumentError
-      due to lambda's arity check.
-    * This is experimental; if it brings a big incompatibility issue,
-      it may be reverted until 2.8/3.0 release.
+* Extension libraries provide PRNG, subclasses of Random, need updates.
+  See [PRNG update] below for more information. [[Bug #19100]]
 
-* When writing to STDOUT redirected to a closed pipe, no broken pipe
-  error message will be shown now.  [[Feature #14413]]
+### Error printer
 
-* `TRUE`/`FALSE`/`NIL` constants are no longer defined.
+* Ruby no longer escapes control characters and backslashes in an
+  error message. [[Feature #18367]]
 
-* `Integer#zero?` overrides `Numeric#zero?` for optimization.  [[Misc #16961]]
+### Constant lookup when defining a class/module
+
+* When defining a class/module directly under the Object class by class/module
+  statement, if there is already a class/module defined by `Module#include`
+  with the same name, the statement was handled as "open class" in Ruby 3.1 or before.
+  Since Ruby 3.2, a new class is defined instead. [[Feature #18832]]
 
 ## Stdlib compatibility issues
 
-* Default gems
-
-    * The following libraries are promoted the default gems from stdlib.
-
-        * English
-        * abbrev
-        * base64
-        * drb
-        * debug
-        * erb
-        * find
-        * net-ftp
-        * net-http
-        * net-imap
-        * net-protocol
-        * open-uri
-        * optparse
-        * pp
-        * prettyprint
-        * resolv-replace
-        * resolv
-        * rinda
-        * set
-        * securerandom
-        * shellwords
-        * tempfile
-        * tmpdir
-        * time
-        * tsort
-        * un
-        * weakref
-
-    * The following extensions are promoted the default gems from stdlib.
-
-        * digest
-        * io-nonblock
-        * io-wait
-        * nkf
-        * pathname
-        * syslog
-        * win32ole
-
-* Bundled gems
-
-    * net-telnet and xmlrpc have been removed from the bundled gems.
-      If you are interested in maintaining them, please comment on
-      your plan to https://github.com/ruby/xmlrpc
-      or https://github.com/ruby/net-telnet.
-
-* SDBM have been removed from ruby standard library. [[Bug #8446]]
-
-    * The issues of sdbm will be handled at https://github.com/ruby/sdbm
+* Psych no longer bundles libyaml sources.
+  And also Fiddle no longer bundles libffi sources.
+  Users need to install the libyaml/libffi library themselves via the package
+  manager like apt, yum, brew, etc.
+
+    Psych and fiddle supported the static build with specific version of libyaml
+    and libffi sources. You can build psych with libyaml-0.2.5 like this.
+
+    ```bash
+    $ ./configure --with-libyaml-source-dir=/path/to/libyaml-0.2.5
+    ```
+
+    And you can build fiddle with libffi-3.4.4 like this.
+
+    ```bash
+    $ ./configure --with-libffi-source-dir=/path/to/libffi-3.4.4
+    ```
+
+    [[Feature #18571]]
+
+* Check cookie name/path/domain characters in `CGI::Cookie`. [[CVE-2021-33621]]
+
+* `URI.parse` return empty string in host instead of nil. [[sec-156615]]
 
 ## C API updates
 
-* C API functions related to $SAFE have been removed.
-  [[Feature #16131]]
+### Updated C APIs
 
-* C API header file `ruby/ruby.h` was split. [[GH-2991]] Should have no impact
-  on extension libraries, but users might experience slow compilations.
+The following APIs are updated.
 
-* Memory view interface [EXPERIMENTAL]
+* PRNG update
 
-  * The memory view interface is a C-API set to exchange a raw memory area,
-    such as a numeric array and a bitmap image, between extension libraries.
-    The extension libraries can share also the metadata of the memory area
-    that consists of the shape, the element format, and so on.
-    Using these kinds of metadata, the extension libraries can share even
-    a multidimensional array appropriately.
-    This feature is designed by referring to Python's buffer protocol.
-    [[Feature #13767]] [[Feature #14722]]
+    `rb_random_interface_t` in ruby/random.h updated and versioned.
+    Extension libraries which use this interface and built for older
+    versions need to rebuild with adding `init_int32` function.
 
-## Implementation improvements
+### Added C APIs
 
-* New method cache mechanism for Ractor [[Feature #16614]]
+* `VALUE rb_hash_new_capa(long capa)` was added to created hashes with the desired capacity.
+* `rb_internal_thread_add_event_hook` and `rb_internal_thread_add_event_hook` were added to instrument threads scheduling.
+  The following events are available:
+    * `RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_STARTED`
+    * `RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_READY`
+    * `RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_RESUMED`
+    * `RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_SUSPENDED`
+    * `RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_EXITED`
+* `rb_debug_inspector_current_depth` and `rb_debug_inspector_frame_depth` are added for debuggers.
 
-  * Inline method caches pointed from ISeq can be accessed by multiple Ractors
-    in parallel and synchronization is needed even for method caches. However,
-    such synchronization can be overhead so introducing new inline method cache
-    mechanisms, (1) Disposable inline method cache (2) per-Class method cache
-    and (3) new invalidation mechanism. (1) can avoid per-method call
-    synchronization because it only uses atomic operations.
-    See the ticket for more details.
+### Removed C APIs
+
+The following deprecated APIs are removed.
+
+* `rb_cData` variable.
+* "taintedness" and "trustedness" functions. [[Feature #16131]]
+
+## Implementation improvements
 
-* The number of hashes allocated when using a keyword splat in
-  a method call has been reduced to a maximum of 1, and passing
-  a keyword splat to a method that accepts specific keywords
-  does not allocate a hash.
-
-* `super` is optimized when the same type of method is called in the previous call
-  if it's not refinements or an attr reader or writer.
-
-### JIT
-
-* Native functions shared by multiple methods are deduplicated on JIT compaction.
-
-* Decrease code size of hot paths by some optimizations and partitioning cold paths.
-
-* Not only pure Ruby methods but also some C methods skip pushing a method frame.
-
-  * `Kernel#class`, `Integer#zero?`
-
-* Always generate appropriate code for `==`, `nil?`, and `!` calls depending on
-  a receiver class.
-
-* Optimize instance variable access in some core classes like Hash and their subclasses
-
-* Eliminate VM register access on a method return
-
-* Optimize C method call a little
-
-## Static analysis
-
-### RBS
-
-* RBS is a new language for type definition of Ruby programs.
-  It allows writing types of classes and modules with advanced
-  types including union types, overloading, generics, and
-  _interface types_ for duck typing.
-
-* Ruby ships with type definitions for core/stdlib classes.
-
-* `rbs` gem is bundled to load and process RBS files.
-
-### TypeProf
-
-* TypeProf is a type analysis tool for Ruby code based on abstract interpretation.
-  * It reads non-annotated Ruby code, tries inferring its type signature, and prints
-    the analysis result in RBS format.
-  * Though it supports only a subset of the Ruby language yet, we will continuously
-    improve the coverage of language features, the analysis performance, and usability.
-
-```ruby
-# test.rb
-def foo(x)
-  if x > 10
-    x.to_s
-  else
-    nil
-  end
-end
-
-foo(42)
-```
-
-```
-$ typeprof test.rb
-# Classes
-class Object
-  def foo : (Integer) -> String?
-end
-```
-
-## Miscellaneous changes
-
-* Methods using `ruby2_keywords` will no longer keep empty keyword
-  splats, those are now removed just as they are for methods not
-  using `ruby2_keywords`.
-
-* When an exception is caught in the default handler, the error
-  message and backtrace are printed in order from the innermost.
-  [[Feature #8661]]
-
-
-[Bug #4352]:      https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/4352
-[Bug #6087]:      https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/6087
-[Bug #8382]:      https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8382
-[Bug #8446]:      https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8446
-[Feature #8661]:  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8661
-[Feature #8709]:  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8709
-[Feature #8948]:  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8948
-[Feature #9573]:  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/9573
-[Bug #10845]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/10845
-[Bug #12136]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12136
-[Bug #12706]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12706
-[Feature #13767]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/13767
-[Bug #13768]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/13768
-[Feature #14183]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14183
-[Bug #14266]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14266
-[Feature #14413]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14413
-[Bug #14541]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14541
-[Feature #14722]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14722
-[Bug #15409]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15409
-[Feature #15504]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15504
-[Feature #15575]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15575
-[Feature #15822]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15822
-[Feature #15921]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15921
-[Feature #15973]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15973
-[Feature #16131]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16131
-[Feature #16150]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16150
-[Feature #16166]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16166
-[Feature #16175]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16175
-[Feature #16233]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16233
-[Feature #16260]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16260
-[Feature #16274]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16274
-[Feature #16377]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16377
-[Feature #16378]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16378
-[Feature #16555]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16555
-[Feature #16614]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16614
-[Feature #16686]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16686
-[Feature #16746]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16746
-[Feature #16754]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16754
-[Feature #16786]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16786
-[Feature #16792]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16792
-[Feature #16815]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16815
-[Feature #16828]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16828
-[Misc #16961]:    https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16961
-[Feature #17104]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17104
-[Feature #17122]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17122
-[Feature #17134]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17134
-[Feature #17176]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17176
-[Feature #17260]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17260
-[Feature #17260]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17260
-[GH-2991]:        https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/2991
+* Fixed several race conditions in Kernel#autoload. [[Bug #18782]]
+* Cache invalidation for expressions referencing constants is now
+  more fine-grained. `RubyVM.stat(:global_constant_state)` was
+  removed because it was closely tied to the previous caching scheme
+  where setting any constant invalidates all caches in the system.
+  New keys, `:constant_cache_invalidations` and `:constant_cache_misses`,
+  were introduced to help with use cases for `:global_constant_state`.
+  [[Feature #18589]]
+* The cache-based optimization for Regexp matching is introduced.
+  [[Feature #19104]]
+* [Variable Width Allocation](https://shopify.engineering/ruby-variable-width-allocation)
+  is now enabled by default. [[Feature #18239]]
+* Added a new instance variable caching mechanism, called object shapes, which
+  improves inline cache hits for most objects and allows us to generate very
+  efficient JIT code. Objects whose instance variables are defined in a
+  consistent order will see the most performance benefits.
+  [[Feature #18776]]
+* Speed up marking instruction sequences by using a bitmap to find "markable"
+  objects.  This change results in faster major collections.
+  [[Feature #18875]]
+
+## JIT
+
+### YJIT
+
+* YJIT is no longer experimental
+    * Has been tested on production workloads for over a year and proven to be quite stable.
+* YJIT now supports both x86-64 and arm64/aarch64 CPUs on Linux, MacOS, BSD and other UNIX platforms.
+    * This release brings support for Mac M1/M2, AWS Graviton and Raspberry Pi 4.
+* Building YJIT now requires Rust 1.58.0+. [[Feature #18481]]
+    * In order to ensure that CRuby is built with YJIT, please install `rustc` >= 1.58.0
+      before running `./configure`
+    * Please reach out to the YJIT team should you run into any issues.
+* Physical memory for JIT code is lazily allocated. Unlike Ruby 3.1,
+  the RSS of a Ruby process is minimized because virtual memory pages
+  allocated by `--yjit-exec-mem-size` will not be mapped to physical
+  memory pages until actually utilized by JIT code.
+* Introduce Code GC that frees all code pages when the memory consumption
+  by JIT code reaches `--yjit-exec-mem-size`.
+    * `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats` returns Code GC metrics in addition to
+      existing `inline_code_size` and `outlined_code_size` keys:
+      `code_gc_count`, `live_page_count`, `freed_page_count`, and `freed_code_size`.
+* Most of the statistics produced by `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats` are now available in release builds.
+    * Simply run ruby with `--yjit-stats` to compute and dump stats (incurs some run-time overhead).
+* YJIT is now optimized to take advantage of object shapes. [[Feature #18776]]
+* Take advantage of finer-grained constant invalidation to invalidate less code when defining new constants. [[Feature #18589]]
+* The default `--yjit-exec-mem-size` is changed to 64 (MiB).
+* The default `--yjit-call-threshold` is changed to 30.
+
+### MJIT
+
+* The MJIT compiler is re-implemented in Ruby as `ruby_vm/mjit/compiler`.
+* MJIT compiler is executed under a forked Ruby process instead of
+  doing it in a native thread called MJIT worker. [[Feature #18968]]
+    * As a result, Microsoft Visual Studio (MSWIN) is no longer supported.
+* MinGW is no longer supported. [[Feature #18824]]
+* Rename `--mjit-min-calls` to `--mjit-call-threshold`.
+* Change default `--mjit-max-cache` back from 10000 to 100.
+
+[Feature #12005]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12005
+[Feature #12084]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12084
+[Feature #12655]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12655
+[Feature #12737]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12737
+[Feature #13110]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/13110
+[Feature #14332]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14332
+[Feature #15231]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15231
+[Feature #15357]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15357
+[Bug #15928]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15928
+[Feature #16122]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16122
+[Feature #16131]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16131
+[Bug #16466]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16466
+[Feature #16663]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16663
+[Feature #16806]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16806
+[Bug #16889]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16889
+[Bug #16908]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16908
+[Feature #16989]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16989
+[Feature #17351]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17351
+[Feature #17391]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17391
+[Bug #17545]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17545
+[Bug #17767]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17767
+[Feature #17837]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17837
+[Feature #17881]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17881
+[Feature #18033]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18033
+[Feature #18159]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18159
+[Feature #18239]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18239#note-17
+[Feature #18351]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18351
+[Feature #18367]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18367
+[Bug #18435]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18435
+[Feature #18462]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18462
+[Feature #18481]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18481
+[Bug #18487]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18487
+[Feature #18564]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18564
+[Feature #18571]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18571
+[Feature #18585]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18585
+[Feature #18589]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18589
+[Feature #18595]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18595
+[Feature #18598]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18598
+[Bug #18625]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18625
+[Feature #18630]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18630
+[Bug #18633]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18633
+[Feature #18639]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18639
+[Feature #18685]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18685
+[Bug #18729]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18729
+[Bug #18751]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18751
+[Feature #18774]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18774
+[Feature #18776]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18776
+[Bug #18782]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18782
+[Feature #18788]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18788
+[Feature #18798]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18798
+[Feature #18809]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18809
+[Feature #18821]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18821
+[Feature #18822]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18822
+[Feature #18824]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18824
+[Feature #18832]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18832
+[Feature #18875]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18875
+[Feature #18925]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18925
+[Feature #18944]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18944
+[Feature #18949]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18949
+[Feature #18968]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18968
+[Feature #19008]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19008
+[Feature #19013]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19013
+[Feature #19026]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19026
+[Feature #19036]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19036
+[Feature #19060]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19060
+[Feature #19070]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19070
+[Feature #19071]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19071
+[Feature #19078]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19078
+[Bug #19087]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19087
+[Bug #19100]:         https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19100
+[Feature #19104]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19104
+[Feature #19135]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19135
+[Feature #19138]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19138
+[Feature #19194]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19194
+[Molinillo]:          https://github.com/CocoaPods/Molinillo
+[PubGrub]:            https://github.com/jhawthorn/pub_grub
+[GH-net-protocol-14]: https://github.com/ruby/net-protocol/pull/14
+[GH-pathname-20]:     https://github.com/ruby/pathname/pull/20
+[GH-6791]:            https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6791
+[GH-6868]:            https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6868
+[GH-rubygems-4475]:   https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/4475
+[GH-rubygems-6149]:   https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/6149
+[GH-rubygems-6167]:   https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/6167
+[sec-156615]:         https://hackerone.com/reports/156615
+[CVE-2021-33621]:     https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2022/11/22/http-response-splitting-in-cgi-cve-2021-33621/
+[wasm/README.md]:     https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/master/wasm/README.md
+[ruby.wasm]:          https://github.com/ruby/ruby.wasm
diff --git a/README.ja.md b/README.ja.md
index bee6433c62..93c0131690 100644
--- a/README.ja.md
+++ b/README.ja.md
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/ruby/ruby.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/ruby/ruby)
-[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/0sy8rrxut4o0k960/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/ruby/ruby/branch/master)
-[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/macOS/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"macOS")
-[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/MinGW/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"MinGW")
-[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/MJIT/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"MJIT")
-[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Ubuntu/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Ubuntu")
-[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Windows/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Windows")
+[![Actions Status: MinGW](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/MinGW/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"MinGW")
+[![Actions Status: MJIT](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/MJIT/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"MJIT")
+[![Actions Status: Ubuntu](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Ubuntu/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Ubuntu")
+[![Actions Status: Windows](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Windows/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Windows")
+[![AppVeyor status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/0sy8rrxut4o0k960/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/ruby/ruby/branch/master)
+[![Travis Status](https://app.travis-ci.com/ruby/ruby.svg?branch=master)](https://app.travis-ci.com/ruby/ruby)
 
 # Rubyとは
 
@@ -52,11 +51,11 @@ Rubyリポジトリの本来のmasterは https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git に�
 
 ### Subversion
 
-古いRubyのバージョンのソースコードは次のコマンドで取得できます．
+古いRubyのバージョンのソースコードは次のコマンドでも取得できます．
 
     $ svn co https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/ruby_2_6/ ruby
 
-他に開発中のブランチの一覧は次のコマンドで見られます．
+他のブランチの一覧は次のコマンドで見られます．
 
     $ svn ls https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/
 
@@ -71,31 +70,26 @@ https://www.ruby-lang.org/
 
 ## メーリングリスト
 
-Rubyのメーリングリストがあります．参加希望の方は
-
-mailto:ruby-list-request@ruby-lang.org
-
-まで本文に
+Rubyのメーリングリストがあります．参加希望の方は [ruby-list-request@ruby-lang.org] まで本文に
 
     subscribe
 
 と書いて送って下さい．
 
-Ruby開発者向けメーリングリストもあります．こちらではrubyのバグ，将来の仕様拡張など実装上の問題について議論されています． 参加希望の方は
-
-mailto:ruby-dev-request@ruby-lang.org
-
-までruby-listと同様の方法でメールしてください．
+Ruby開発者向けメーリングリストもあります．こちらではrubyのバグ，将来の仕様拡張など実装上の問題について議論されています．
+参加希望の方は [ruby-dev-request@ruby-lang.org] までruby-listと同様の方法でメールしてください．
 
 Ruby拡張モジュールについて話し合うruby-extメーリングリストと数学関係の話題について話し合うruby-mathメーリングリストと
 英語でrubyについて話し合うruby-talkメーリングリストもあります．参加方法はどれも同じです．
 
+[ruby-list-request@ruby-lang.org]: mailto:ruby-list-request@ruby-lang.org?subject=Join%20Ruby%20Mailing%20List&body=subscribe
+[ruby-dev-request@ruby-lang.org]: mailto:ruby-dev-request@ruby-lang.org?subject=Join%20Ruby%20Mailing%20List&body=subscribe
+
 ## コンパイル・インストール
 
 以下の手順で行ってください．
 
-1.  もし `configure` ファイルが見つからない，もしくは `configure.ac` より古いようなら， `autoconf` を実行して
-    新しく `configure` を生成する
+1.  (Gitリポジトリから取得したソースをビルドする場合) `./autogen.sh` を実行して新しく `configure` を生成する
 
 2.  `configure` を実行して `Makefile` などを生成する
 
@@ -172,11 +166,14 @@ UNIXであれば `configure` がほとんどの差異を吸収してくれるは
 
 ## フィードバック
 
-Rubyに関する質問は Ruby-Talk（英語）や Ruby-List（日本語） (https://www.ruby-lang.org/ja/community/mailing-lists) や，
-stackoverflow (https://ja.stackoverflow.com/) などのWebサイトに投稿してください．
+Rubyに関する質問は [Ruby-Talk]（英語）や [Ruby-List]（日本語）や，
+[stackoverflow] などのWebサイトに投稿してください．
 
 バグ報告は https://bugs.ruby-lang.org で受け付けています．
 
+[Ruby-Talk]: https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/community/mailing-lists
+[Ruby-List]: https://www.ruby-lang.org/ja/community/mailing-lists
+[stackoverflow]: https://ja.stackoverflow.com/
 
 ## 著者
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index f06bf1d3ea..c445448c71 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/ruby/ruby.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/ruby/ruby)
-[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/0sy8rrxut4o0k960/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/ruby/ruby/branch/master)
-[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/macOS/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"macOS")
-[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/MinGW/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"MinGW")
-[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/MJIT/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"MJIT")
-[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Ubuntu/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Ubuntu")
-[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Windows/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Windows")
+[![Actions Status: MinGW](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/MinGW/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"MinGW")
+[![Actions Status: MJIT](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/MJIT/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"MJIT")
+[![Actions Status: Ubuntu](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Ubuntu/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Ubuntu")
+[![Actions Status: Windows](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Windows/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Windows")
+[![AppVeyor status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/0sy8rrxut4o0k960/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/ruby/ruby/branch/master)
+[![Travis Status](https://app.travis-ci.com/ruby/ruby.svg?branch=master)](https://app.travis-ci.com/ruby/ruby)
 
-# What's Ruby
+# What is Ruby?
 
 Ruby is an interpreted object-oriented programming language often
 used for web development. It also offers many scripting features
@@ -15,28 +14,25 @@ It is simple, straightforward, and extensible.
 
 ## Features of Ruby
 
-*   Simple Syntax
-*   **Normal** Object-oriented Features (e.g. class, method calls)
-*   **Advanced** Object-oriented Features (e.g. mix-in, singleton-method)
-*   Operator Overloading
-*   Exception Handling
-*   Iterators and Closures
-*   Garbage Collection
-*   Dynamic Loading of Object Files (on some architectures)
-*   Highly Portable (works on many Unix-like/POSIX compatible platforms as
-    well as Windows, macOS, Haiku, etc.) cf.
-    https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/master/doc/contributing.rdoc#platform-maintainers
+* Simple Syntax
+* **Normal** Object-oriented Features (e.g. class, method calls)
+* **Advanced** Object-oriented Features (e.g. mix-in, singleton-method)
+* Operator Overloading
+* Exception Handling
+* Iterators and Closures
+* Garbage Collection
+* Dynamic Loading of Object Files (on some architectures)
+* Highly Portable (works on many Unix-like/POSIX compatible platforms as
+  well as Windows, macOS, etc.) cf.
+  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/master/doc/maintainers.rdoc#label-Platform+Maintainers
 
-
-## How to get Ruby
+## How to get Ruby with Git
 
 For a complete list of ways to install Ruby, including using third-party tools
 like rvm, see:
 
 https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/
 
-### Git
-
 The mirror of the Ruby source tree can be checked out with the following command:
 
     $ git clone https://github.com/ruby/ruby.git
@@ -49,21 +45,19 @@ to see the list of branches:
 You may also want to use https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git (actual master of Ruby source)
 if you are a committer.
 
-### Subversion
-
-Stable branches for older Ruby versions can be checked out with the following command:
-
-    $ svn co https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/ruby_2_6/ ruby
-
-Try the following command to see the list of branches:
-
-    $ svn ls https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/
+## How to build
 
+see [Building Ruby](doc/contributing/building_ruby.md)
 
 ## Ruby home page
 
 https://www.ruby-lang.org/
 
+## Documentation
+
+- [English](https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/index.html)
+- [Japanese](https://docs.ruby-lang.org/ja/master/index.html)
+
 ## Mailing list
 
 There is a mailing list to discuss Ruby. To subscribe to this list, please
@@ -71,98 +65,24 @@ send the following phrase:
 
     subscribe
 
-in the mail body (not subject) to the address
-[ruby-talk-request@ruby-lang.org](mailto:ruby-talk-request@ruby-lang.org?subject=Join%20Ruby%20Mailing%20List&body=subscribe).
-
-## How to compile and install
-
-1.  If you want to use Microsoft Visual C++ to compile Ruby, read
-    [win32/README.win32](win32/README.win32) instead of this document.
-
-2.  If `./configure` does not exist or is older than `configure.ac`, run
-    `autoconf` to (re)generate configure.
-
-3.  Run `./configure`, which will generate `config.h` and `Makefile`.
-
-    Some C compiler flags may be added by default depending on your
-    environment. Specify `optflags=..` and `warnflags=..` as necessary to
-    override them.
-
-4.  Edit `include/ruby/defines.h` if you need. Usually this step will not be needed.
-
-5.  Remove comment mark(`#`) before the module names from `ext/Setup` (or add
-    module names if not present), if you want to link modules statically.
+in the mail body (not subject) to the address [ruby-talk-request@ruby-lang.org].
 
-    If you don't want to compile non static extension modules (probably on
-    architectures which do not allow dynamic loading), remove comment mark
-    from the line "`#option nodynamic`" in `ext/Setup`.
-
-    Usually this step will not be needed.
-
-6.  Run `make`.
-
-    * On Mac, set RUBY\_CODESIGN environment variable with a signing identity.
-      It uses the identity to sign `ruby` binary. See also codesign(1).
-
-7.  Optionally, run '`make check`' to check whether the compiled Ruby
-    interpreter works well. If you see the message "`check succeeded`", your
-    Ruby works as it should (hopefully).
-
-8.  Run '`make install`'.
-
-    This command will create the following directories and install files into
-    them.
-
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/bin`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/gems/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/man/man1`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/ri/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/system`
-
-
-    If Ruby's API version is '*x.y.z*', the `${MAJOR}` is '*x*', the
-    `${MINOR}` is '*y*', and the `${TEENY}` is '*z*'.
-
-    **NOTE**: teeny of the API version may be different from one of Ruby's
-    program version
-
-    You may have to be a super user to install Ruby.
-
-If you fail to compile Ruby, please send the detailed error report with the
-error log and machine/OS type, to help others.
-
-Some extension libraries may not get compiled because of lack of necessary
-external libraries and/or headers, then you will need to run '`make distclean-ext`'
-to remove old configuration after installing them in such case.
+[ruby-talk-request@ruby-lang.org]: mailto:ruby-talk-request@ruby-lang.org?subject=Join%20Ruby%20Mailing%20List&body=subscribe
 
 ## Copying
 
-See the file [COPYING](COPYING).
+See the file [COPYING](rdoc-ref:COPYING).
 
 ## Feedback
 
-Questions about the Ruby language can be asked on the Ruby-Talk mailing list
-(https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/community/mailing-lists) or on websites like
-(https://stackoverflow.com).
-
-Bugs should be reported at https://bugs.ruby-lang.org. Read [HowToReport] for more information.
+Questions about the Ruby language can be asked on the [Ruby-Talk](https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/community/mailing-lists) mailing list
+or on websites like https://stackoverflow.com.
 
-[HowToReport]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby/wiki/HowToReport
+Bugs should be reported at https://bugs.ruby-lang.org. Read ["Reporting Issues"](https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/contributing/reporting_issues_md.html) for more information.
 
 ## Contributing
 
-See the file [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md)
+See ["Contributing to Ruby"](https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/contributing_md.html), which includes setup and build instructions.
 
 ## The Author
 
diff --git a/aclocal.m4 b/aclocal.m4
index 940d91e83f..e69de29bb2 100644
--- a/aclocal.m4
+++ b/aclocal.m4
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-# generated automatically by aclocal 1.16.2 -*- Autoconf -*-
-
-# Copyright (C) 1996-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-# This file is free software; the Free Software Foundation
-# gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
-# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without
-# even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
-# PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
-m4_ifndef([AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIRS], [m4_defun([_AM_CONFIG_MACRO_DIRS], [])m4_defun([AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIRS], [_AM_CONFIG_MACRO_DIRS($@)])])
-m4_include([tool/m4/_colorize_result_prepare.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ac_msg_result.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/colorize_result.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_append_option.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_append_options.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_builtin_func.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_builtin_setjmp.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_printf_prefix.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_setjmp.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_signedness.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_sizeof.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_sysconf.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_cppoutfile.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_decl_attribute.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_default_arch.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_define_if.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_defint.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_dtrace_available.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_dtrace_postprocess.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_func_attribute.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_mingw32.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_prepend_option.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_prog_gnu_ld.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_replace_funcs.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_replace_type.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_rm_recursive.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_setjmp_type.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_stack_grow_direction.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_try_cflags.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_try_cxxflags.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_try_ldflags.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_type_attribute.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_universal_arch.m4])
-m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_werror_flag.m4])
diff --git a/addr2line.c b/addr2line.c
index bf6bc6dc24..e5f25293e2 100644
--- a/addr2line.c
+++ b/addr2line.c
@@ -159,11 +159,15 @@ typedef struct obj_info {
     struct dwarf_section debug_info;
     struct dwarf_section debug_line;
     struct dwarf_section debug_ranges;
+    struct dwarf_section debug_str_offsets;
+    struct dwarf_section debug_addr;
+    struct dwarf_section debug_rnglists;
     struct dwarf_section debug_str;
+    struct dwarf_section debug_line_str;
     struct obj_info *next;
 } obj_info_t;
 
-#define DWARF_SECTION_COUNT 5
+#define DWARF_SECTION_COUNT 9
 
 static struct dwarf_section *
 obj_dwarf_section_at(obj_info_t *obj, int n)
@@ -173,7 +177,11 @@ obj_dwarf_section_at(obj_info_t *obj, int n)
         &obj->debug_info,
         &obj->debug_line,
         &obj->debug_ranges,
-        &obj->debug_str
+        &obj->debug_str_offsets,
+        &obj->debug_addr,
+        &obj->debug_rnglists,
+        &obj->debug_str,
+        &obj->debug_line_str
     };
     if (n < 0 || DWARF_SECTION_COUNT <= n) {
         abort();
@@ -190,12 +198,12 @@ struct debug_section_definition {
 static char binary_filename[PATH_MAX + 1];
 
 static unsigned long
-uleb128(char **p)
+uleb128(const char **p)
 {
     unsigned long r = 0;
     int s = 0;
     for (;;) {
-	unsigned char b = *(unsigned char *)(*p)++;
+	unsigned char b = (unsigned char)*(*p)++;
 	if (b < 0x80) {
 	    r += (unsigned long)b << s;
 	    break;
@@ -207,12 +215,12 @@ uleb128(char **p)
 }
 
 static long
-sleb128(char **p)
+sleb128(const char **p)
 {
     long r = 0;
     int s = 0;
     for (;;) {
-	unsigned char b = *(unsigned char *)(*p)++;
+	unsigned char b = (unsigned char)*(*p)++;
 	if (b < 0x80) {
 	    if (b & 0x40) {
 		r -= (0x80 - b) << s;
@@ -229,7 +237,7 @@ sleb128(char **p)
 }
 
 static const char *
-get_nth_dirname(unsigned long dir, char *p)
+get_nth_dirname(unsigned long dir, const char *p)
 {
     if (!dir--) {
 	return "";
@@ -246,39 +254,51 @@ get_nth_dirname(unsigned long dir, char *p)
     return p;
 }
 
+static const char *parse_ver5_debug_line_header(const char *p, int idx, uint8_t format, obj_info_t *obj, const char **out_path, uint64_t *out_directory_index);
+
 static void
-fill_filename(int file, char *include_directories, char *filenames, line_info_t *line, obj_info_t *obj)
+fill_filename(int file, uint8_t format, uint16_t version, const char *include_directories, const char *filenames, line_info_t *line, obj_info_t *obj)
 {
     int i;
-    char *p = filenames;
-    char *filename;
+    const char *p = filenames;
+    const char *filename;
     unsigned long dir;
-    for (i = 1; i <= file; i++) {
-	filename = p;
-	if (!*p) {
-	    /* Need to output binary file name? */
-	    kprintf("Unexpected file number %d in %s at %tx\n",
-		    file, binary_filename, filenames - obj->mapped);
-	    return;
-	}
-	while (*p) p++;
-	p++;
-	dir = uleb128(&p);
-	/* last modified. */
-	uleb128(&p);
-	/* size of the file. */
-	uleb128(&p);
-
-	if (i == file) {
-	    line->filename = filename;
-	    line->dirname = get_nth_dirname(dir, include_directories);
-	}
+    if (version >= 5) {
+        const char *path;
+        uint64_t directory_index = -1;
+        parse_ver5_debug_line_header(filenames, file, format, obj, &path, &directory_index);
+        line->filename = path;
+        parse_ver5_debug_line_header(include_directories, (int)directory_index, format, obj, &path, NULL);
+        line->dirname = path;
+    }
+    else {
+        for (i = 1; i <= file; i++) {
+            filename = p;
+            if (!*p) {
+                /* Need to output binary file name? */
+                kprintf("Unexpected file number %d in %s at %tx\n",
+                        file, binary_filename, filenames - obj->mapped);
+                return;
+            }
+            while (*p) p++;
+            p++;
+            dir = uleb128(&p);
+            /* last modified. */
+            uleb128(&p);
+            /* size of the file. */
+            uleb128(&p);
+
+            if (i == file) {
+                line->filename = filename;
+                line->dirname = get_nth_dirname(dir, include_directories);
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
 static void
 fill_line(int num_traces, void **traces, uintptr_t addr, int file, int line,
-	  char *include_directories, char *filenames,
+	  uint8_t format, uint16_t version, const char *include_directories, const char *filenames,
 	  obj_info_t *obj, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
 {
     int i;
@@ -288,7 +308,7 @@ fill_line(int num_traces, void **traces, uintptr_t addr, int file, int line,
 	/* We assume one line code doesn't result >100 bytes of native code.
        We may want more reliable way eventually... */
 	if (addr < a && a < addr + 100) {
-	    fill_filename(file, include_directories, filenames, &lines[i], obj);
+	    fill_filename(file, format, version, include_directories, filenames, &lines[i], obj);
 	    lines[i].line = line;
 	}
     }
@@ -313,7 +333,7 @@ struct LineNumberProgramHeader {
 };
 
 static int
-parse_debug_line_header(const char **pp, struct LineNumberProgramHeader *header)
+parse_debug_line_header(obj_info_t *obj, const char **pp, struct LineNumberProgramHeader *header)
 {
     const char *p = *pp;
     header->unit_length = *(uint32_t *)p;
@@ -330,7 +350,13 @@ parse_debug_line_header(const char **pp, struct LineNumberProgramHeader *header)
 
     header->version = *(uint16_t *)p;
     p += sizeof(uint16_t);
-    if (header->version > 4) return -1;
+    if (header->version > 5) return -1;
+
+    if (header->version >= 5) {
+        /* address_size = *(uint8_t *)p++; */
+        /* segment_selector_size = *(uint8_t *)p++; */
+        p += 2;
+    }
 
     header->header_length = header->format == 4 ? *(uint32_t *)p : *(uint64_t *)p;
     p += header->format;
@@ -351,20 +377,27 @@ parse_debug_line_header(const char **pp, struct LineNumberProgramHeader *header)
     /* header->standard_opcode_lengths = (uint8_t *)p - 1; */
     p += header->opcode_base - 1;
 
-    header->include_directories = p;
+    if (header->version >= 5) {
+        header->include_directories = p;
+        p = parse_ver5_debug_line_header(p, -1, header->format, obj, NULL, NULL);
+        header->filenames = p;
+    }
+    else {
+        header->include_directories = p;
 
-    /* temporary measure for compress-debug-sections */
-    if (p >= header->cu_end) return -1;
+        /* temporary measure for compress-debug-sections */
+        if (p >= header->cu_end) return -1;
 
-    /* skip include directories */
-    while (*p) {
-	p = memchr(p, '\0', header->cu_end - p);
-	if (!p) return -1;
-	p++;
-    }
-    p++;
+        /* skip include directories */
+        while (*p) {
+            p = memchr(p, '\0', header->cu_end - p);
+            if (!p) return -1;
+            p++;
+        }
+        p++;
 
-    header->filenames = p;
+        header->filenames = p;
+    }
 
     *pp = header->cu_start;
 
@@ -372,7 +405,7 @@ parse_debug_line_header(const char **pp, struct LineNumberProgramHeader *header)
 }
 
 static int
-parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces, char **debug_line,
+parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces, const char **debug_line,
 		obj_info_t *obj, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
 {
     const char *p = (const char *)*debug_line;
@@ -390,15 +423,17 @@ parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces, char **debug_line,
     /* int epilogue_begin = 0; */
     /* unsigned int isa = 0; */
 
-    if (parse_debug_line_header(&p, &header))
+    if (parse_debug_line_header(obj, &p, &header))
         return -1;
     is_stmt = header.default_is_stmt;
 
 #define FILL_LINE()						    \
     do {							    \
 	fill_line(num_traces, traces, addr, file, line,		    \
-                  (char *)header.include_directories,               \
-                  (char *)header.filenames,                         \
+                  header.format,                                    \
+                  header.version,                                   \
+                  header.include_directories,                       \
+                  header.filenames,                                 \
 		  obj, lines, offset);				    \
 	/*basic_block = prologue_end = epilogue_begin = 0;*/	    \
     } while (0)
@@ -411,19 +446,19 @@ parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces, char **debug_line,
 	    FILL_LINE();
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_advance_pc:
-	    a = uleb128((char **)&p);
+	    a = uleb128(&p) * header.minimum_instruction_length;
 	    addr += a;
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_advance_line: {
-	    long a = sleb128((char **)&p);
+	    long a = sleb128(&p);
 	    line += a;
 	    break;
 	}
 	case DW_LNS_set_file:
-	    file = (unsigned int)uleb128((char **)&p);
+	    file = (unsigned int)uleb128(&p);
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_set_column:
-	    /*column = (unsigned int)*/(void)uleb128((char **)&p);
+	    /*column = (unsigned int)*/(void)uleb128(&p);
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_negate_stmt:
 	    is_stmt = !is_stmt;
@@ -437,7 +472,8 @@ parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces, char **debug_line,
 	    addr += a;
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_fixed_advance_pc:
-	    a = *(unsigned char *)p++;
+	    a = *(uint16_t *)p;
+	    p += sizeof(uint16_t);
 	    addr += a;
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_set_prologue_end:
@@ -447,10 +483,10 @@ parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces, char **debug_line,
 	    /* epilogue_begin = 1; */
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_set_isa:
-	    /* isa = (unsigned int)*/(void)uleb128((char **)&p);
+	    /* isa = (unsigned int)*/(void)uleb128(&p);
 	    break;
 	case 0:
-	    a = *(unsigned char *)p++;
+	    a = uleb128(&p);
 	    op = *p++;
 	    switch (op) {
 	    case DW_LNE_end_sequence:
@@ -474,7 +510,7 @@ parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces, char **debug_line,
 		break;
 	    case DW_LNE_set_discriminator:
 		/* TODO:currently ignore */
-		uleb128((char **)&p);
+		uleb128(&p);
 		break;
 	    default:
 		kprintf("Unknown extended opcode: %d in %s\n",
@@ -497,10 +533,10 @@ parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces, char **debug_line,
 
 static int
 parse_debug_line(int num_traces, void **traces,
-		 char *debug_line, unsigned long size,
+		 const char *debug_line, unsigned long size,
 		 obj_info_t *obj, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
 {
-    char *debug_line_end = debug_line + size;
+    const char *debug_line_end = debug_line + size;
     while (debug_line < debug_line_end) {
 	if (parse_debug_line_cu(num_traces, traces, &debug_line, obj, lines, offset))
 	    return -1;
@@ -526,13 +562,25 @@ append_obj(obj_info_t **objp)
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_ELF
+/* Ideally we should check 4 paths to follow gnu_debuglink:
+ *
+ *   - /usr/lib/debug/.build-id/ab/cdef1234.debug
+ *   - /usr/bin/ruby.debug
+ *   - /usr/bin/.debug/ruby.debug
+ *   - /usr/lib/debug/usr/bin/ruby.debug.
+ *
+ * but we handle only two cases for now as the two formats are
+ * used by some linux distributions.
+ *
+ * See GDB's info for detail.
+ * https://sourceware.org/gdb/onlinedocs/gdb/Separate-Debug-Files.html
+ */
+
+// check the path pattern of "/usr/lib/debug/usr/bin/ruby.debug"
 static void
 follow_debuglink(const char *debuglink, int num_traces, void **traces,
 		 obj_info_t **objp, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
 {
-    /* Ideally we should check 4 paths to follow gnu_debuglink,
-       but we handle only one case for now as this format is used
-       by some linux distributions. See GDB's info for detail. */
     static const char global_debug_dir[] = "/usr/lib/debug";
     const size_t global_debug_dir_len = sizeof(global_debug_dir) - 1;
     char *p;
@@ -559,6 +607,37 @@ follow_debuglink(const char *debuglink, int num_traces, void **traces,
     o2->path = o1->path;
     fill_lines(num_traces, traces, 0, objp, lines, offset);
 }
+
+// check the path pattern of "/usr/lib/debug/.build-id/ab/cdef1234.debug"
+static void
+follow_debuglink_build_id(const char *build_id, size_t build_id_size, int num_traces, void **traces,
+                          obj_info_t **objp, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
+{
+    static const char global_debug_dir[] = "/usr/lib/debug/.build-id/";
+    const size_t global_debug_dir_len = sizeof(global_debug_dir) - 1;
+    char *p;
+    obj_info_t *o1 = *objp, *o2;
+    size_t i;
+
+    if (PATH_MAX < global_debug_dir_len + 1 + build_id_size * 2 + 6) return;
+
+    memcpy(binary_filename, global_debug_dir, global_debug_dir_len);
+    p = binary_filename + global_debug_dir_len;
+    for (i = 0; i < build_id_size; i++) {
+        static const char tbl[] = "0123456789abcdef";
+        unsigned char n = build_id[i];
+        *p++ = tbl[n / 16];
+        *p++ = tbl[n % 16];
+        if (i == 0) *p++ = '/';
+    }
+    strcpy(p, ".debug");
+
+    append_obj(objp);
+    o2 = *objp;
+    o2->base_addr = o1->base_addr;
+    o2->path = o1->path;
+    fill_lines(num_traces, traces, 0, objp, lines, offset);
+}
 #endif
 
 enum
@@ -764,32 +843,51 @@ enum
     DW_FORM_addrx4 = 0x2c
 };
 
+/* Range list entry encodings */
+enum {
+    DW_RLE_end_of_list = 0x00,
+    DW_RLE_base_addressx = 0x01,
+    DW_RLE_startx_endx = 0x02,
+    DW_RLE_startx_length = 0x03,
+    DW_RLE_offset_pair = 0x04,
+    DW_RLE_base_address = 0x05,
+    DW_RLE_start_end = 0x06,
+    DW_RLE_start_length = 0x07
+};
+
 enum {
     VAL_none = 0,
     VAL_cstr = 1,
     VAL_data = 2,
     VAL_uint = 3,
-    VAL_int = 4
+    VAL_int = 4,
+    VAL_addr = 5
 };
 
 # define ABBREV_TABLE_SIZE 256
 typedef struct {
     obj_info_t *obj;
-    char *file;
-    char *current_cu;
+    const char *file;
+    uint8_t current_version;
+    const char *current_cu;
     uint64_t current_low_pc;
-    char *debug_line_cu_end;
-    char *debug_line_files;
-    char *debug_line_directories;
-    char *p;
-    char *cu_end;
-    char *pend;
-    char *q0;
-    char *q;
+    uint64_t current_str_offsets_base;
+    uint64_t current_addr_base;
+    uint64_t current_rnglists_base;
+    const char *debug_line_cu_end;
+    uint8_t debug_line_format;
+    uint16_t debug_line_version;
+    const char *debug_line_files;
+    const char *debug_line_directories;
+    const char *p;
+    const char *cu_end;
+    const char *pend;
+    const char *q0;
+    const char *q;
     int format; // 4 or 8
     uint8_t address_size;
     int level;
-    char *abbrev_table[ABBREV_TABLE_SIZE];
+    const char *abbrev_table[ABBREV_TABLE_SIZE];
 } DebugInfoReader;
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -800,9 +898,10 @@ typedef struct {
 
 typedef struct {
     union {
-        char *ptr;
+        const char *ptr;
         uint64_t uint64;
         int64_t int64;
+        uint64_t addr_idx;
     } as;
     uint64_t off;
     uint64_t at;
@@ -811,8 +910,11 @@ typedef struct {
     int type;
 } DebugInfoValue;
 
-/* TODO: Big Endian */
+#if defined(WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
+#define MERGE_2INTS(a,b,sz) (((uint64_t)(a)<<sz)|(b))
+#else
 #define MERGE_2INTS(a,b,sz) (((uint64_t)(b)<<sz)|(a))
+#endif
 
 static uint16_t
 get_uint16(const uint8_t *p)
@@ -833,39 +935,39 @@ get_uint64(const uint8_t *p)
 }
 
 static uint8_t
-read_uint8(char **ptr)
+read_uint8(const char **ptr)
 {
-    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)*ptr;
-    *ptr = (char *)(p + 1);
-    return *p;
+    const char *p = *ptr;
+    *ptr = (p + 1);
+    return (uint8_t)*p;
 }
 
 static uint16_t
-read_uint16(char **ptr)
+read_uint16(const char **ptr)
 {
-    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)*ptr;
-    *ptr = (char *)(p + 2);
-    return get_uint16(p);
+    const char *p = *ptr;
+    *ptr = (p + 2);
+    return get_uint16((const uint8_t *)p);
 }
 
 static uint32_t
-read_uint24(char **ptr)
+read_uint24(const char **ptr)
 {
-    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)*ptr;
-    *ptr = (char *)(p + 3);
-    return (*p << 16) | get_uint16(p+1);
+    const char *p = *ptr;
+    *ptr = (p + 3);
+    return ((uint8_t)*p << 16) | get_uint16((const uint8_t *)p+1);
 }
 
 static uint32_t
-read_uint32(char **ptr)
+read_uint32(const char **ptr)
 {
-    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)*ptr;
-    *ptr = (char *)(p + 4);
-    return get_uint32(p);
+    const char *p = *ptr;
+    *ptr = (p + 4);
+    return get_uint32((const uint8_t *)p);
 }
 
 static uint64_t
-read_uint64(char **ptr)
+read_uint64(const char **ptr)
 {
     const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)*ptr;
     *ptr = (char *)(p + 8);
@@ -873,7 +975,7 @@ read_uint64(char **ptr)
 }
 
 static uintptr_t
-read_uintptr(char **ptr)
+read_uintptr(const char **ptr)
 {
     const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)*ptr;
     *ptr = (char *)(p + SIZEOF_VOIDP);
@@ -914,13 +1016,34 @@ debug_info_reader_init(DebugInfoReader *reader, obj_info_t *obj)
     reader->p = obj->debug_info.ptr;
     reader->pend = obj->debug_info.ptr + obj->debug_info.size;
     reader->debug_line_cu_end = obj->debug_line.ptr;
+    reader->current_low_pc = 0;
+    reader->current_str_offsets_base = 0;
+    reader->current_addr_base = 0;
+    reader->current_rnglists_base = 0;
+}
+
+static void
+di_skip_die_attributes(const char **p)
+{
+    for (;;) {
+        uint64_t at = uleb128(p);
+        uint64_t form = uleb128(p);
+        if (!at && !form) break;
+        switch (form) {
+          default:
+            break;
+          case DW_FORM_implicit_const:
+            sleb128(p);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 static void
 di_read_debug_abbrev_cu(DebugInfoReader *reader)
 {
     uint64_t prev = 0;
-    char *p = reader->q0;
+    const char *p = reader->q0;
     for (;;) {
         uint64_t abbrev_number = uleb128(&p);
         if (abbrev_number <= prev) break;
@@ -930,12 +1053,7 @@ di_read_debug_abbrev_cu(DebugInfoReader *reader)
         prev = abbrev_number;
         uleb128(&p); /* tag */
         p++; /* has_children */
-        /* skip content */
-        for (;;) {
-            uint64_t at = uleb128(&p);
-            uint64_t form = uleb128(&p);
-            if (!at && !form) break;
-        }
+        di_skip_die_attributes(&p);
     }
 }
 
@@ -946,10 +1064,12 @@ di_read_debug_line_cu(DebugInfoReader *reader)
     struct LineNumberProgramHeader header;
 
     p = (const char *)reader->debug_line_cu_end;
-    if (parse_debug_line_header(&p, &header))
+    if (parse_debug_line_header(reader->obj, &p, &header))
         return -1;
 
     reader->debug_line_cu_end = (char *)header.cu_end;
+    reader->debug_line_format = header.format;
+    reader->debug_line_version = header.version;
     reader->debug_line_directories = (char *)header.include_directories;
     reader->debug_line_files = (char *)header.filenames;
 
@@ -957,6 +1077,13 @@ di_read_debug_line_cu(DebugInfoReader *reader)
 }
 
 static void
+set_addr_idx_value(DebugInfoValue *v, uint64_t n)
+{
+    v->as.addr_idx = n;
+    v->type = VAL_addr;
+}
+
+static void
 set_uint_value(DebugInfoValue *v, uint64_t n)
 {
     v->as.uint64 = n;
@@ -971,7 +1098,7 @@ set_int_value(DebugInfoValue *v, int64_t n)
 }
 
 static void
-set_cstr_value(DebugInfoValue *v, char *s)
+set_cstr_value(DebugInfoValue *v, const char *s)
 {
     v->as.ptr = s;
     v->off = 0;
@@ -979,7 +1106,7 @@ set_cstr_value(DebugInfoValue *v, char *s)
 }
 
 static void
-set_cstrp_value(DebugInfoValue *v, char *s, uint64_t off)
+set_cstrp_value(DebugInfoValue *v, const char *s, uint64_t off)
 {
     v->as.ptr = s;
     v->off = off;
@@ -987,7 +1114,7 @@ set_cstrp_value(DebugInfoValue *v, char *s, uint64_t off)
 }
 
 static void
-set_data_value(DebugInfoValue *v, char *s)
+set_data_value(DebugInfoValue *v, const char *s)
 {
     v->as.ptr = s;
     v->type = VAL_data;
@@ -1003,19 +1130,39 @@ get_cstr_value(DebugInfoValue *v)
     }
 }
 
+static const char *
+resolve_strx(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t idx)
+{
+    const char *p = reader->obj->debug_str_offsets.ptr + reader->current_str_offsets_base;
+    uint64_t off;
+    if (reader->format == 4) {
+        off = ((uint32_t *)p)[idx];
+    }
+    else {
+        off = ((uint64_t *)p)[idx];
+    }
+    return reader->obj->debug_str.ptr + off;
+}
+
+static void
+debug_info_reader_read_addr_value(DebugInfoReader *reader, DebugInfoValue *v)
+{
+    if (reader->address_size == 4) {
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+    } else if (reader->address_size == 8) {
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
+    } else {
+        fprintf(stderr,"unknown address_size:%d", reader->address_size);
+        abort();
+    }
+}
+
 static void
 debug_info_reader_read_value(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t form, DebugInfoValue *v)
 {
     switch (form) {
       case DW_FORM_addr:
-        if (reader->address_size == 4) {
-            set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
-        } else if (reader->address_size == 8) {
-            set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
-        } else {
-            fprintf(stderr,"unknown address_size:%d", reader->address_size);
-            abort();
-        }
+        debug_info_reader_read_addr_value(reader, v);
         break;
       case DW_FORM_block2:
         v->size = read_uint16(&reader->p);
@@ -1067,13 +1214,19 @@ debug_info_reader_read_value(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t form, DebugInfoVa
         set_uint_value(v, read_uleb128(reader));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_ref_addr:
-        if (reader->address_size == 4) {
-            set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
-        } else if (reader->address_size == 8) {
-            set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
+        if (reader->current_version <= 2) {
+            // DWARF Version 2 specifies that references have
+            // the same size as an address on the target system
+            debug_info_reader_read_addr_value(reader, v);
         } else {
-            fprintf(stderr,"unknown address_size:%d", reader->address_size);
-            abort();
+            if (reader->format == 4) {
+                set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+            } else if (reader->format == 8) {
+                set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
+            } else {
+                fprintf(stderr,"unknown format:%d", reader->format);
+                abort();
+            }
         }
         break;
       case DW_FORM_ref1:
@@ -1115,11 +1268,10 @@ debug_info_reader_read_value(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t form, DebugInfoVa
         set_uint_value(v, 1);
         break;
       case DW_FORM_strx:
-        set_uint_value(v, uleb128(&reader->p));
+        set_cstr_value(v, resolve_strx(reader, uleb128(&reader->p)));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_addrx:
-        /* TODO: read .debug_addr */
-        set_uint_value(v, uleb128(&reader->p));
+        set_addr_idx_value(v, uleb128(&reader->p));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_ref_sup4:
         set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
@@ -1134,8 +1286,7 @@ debug_info_reader_read_value(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t form, DebugInfoVa
         reader->p += v->size;
         break;
       case DW_FORM_line_strp:
-        set_uint_value(v, read_uint(reader));
-        /* *p = reader->file + reader->line->sh_offset + ret; */
+        set_cstrp_value(v, reader->obj->debug_line_str.ptr, read_uint(reader));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_ref_sig8:
         set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
@@ -1153,28 +1304,28 @@ debug_info_reader_read_value(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t form, DebugInfoVa
         set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_strx1:
-        set_uint_value(v, read_uint8(&reader->p));
+        set_cstr_value(v, resolve_strx(reader, read_uint8(&reader->p)));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_strx2:
-        set_uint_value(v, read_uint16(&reader->p));
+        set_cstr_value(v, resolve_strx(reader, read_uint16(&reader->p)));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_strx3:
-        set_uint_value(v, read_uint24(&reader->p));
+        set_cstr_value(v, resolve_strx(reader, read_uint24(&reader->p)));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_strx4:
-        set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+        set_cstr_value(v, resolve_strx(reader, read_uint32(&reader->p)));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_addrx1:
-        set_uint_value(v, read_uint8(&reader->p));
+        set_addr_idx_value(v, read_uint8(&reader->p));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_addrx2:
-        set_uint_value(v, read_uint16(&reader->p));
+        set_addr_idx_value(v, read_uint16(&reader->p));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_addrx3:
-        set_uint_value(v, read_uint24(&reader->p));
+        set_addr_idx_value(v, read_uint24(&reader->p));
         break;
       case DW_FORM_addrx4:
-        set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+        set_addr_idx_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
         break;
       case 0:
         goto fail;
@@ -1188,10 +1339,10 @@ debug_info_reader_read_value(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t form, DebugInfoVa
 }
 
 /* find abbrev in current compilation unit */
-static char *
+static const char *
 di_find_abbrev(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t abbrev_number)
 {
-    char *p;
+    const char *p;
     if (abbrev_number < ABBREV_TABLE_SIZE) {
         return reader->abbrev_table[abbrev_number];
     }
@@ -1199,12 +1350,7 @@ di_find_abbrev(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t abbrev_number)
     /* skip 255th record */
     uleb128(&p); /* tag */
     p++; /* has_children */
-    /* skip content */
-    for (;;) {
-        uint64_t at = uleb128(&p);
-        uint64_t form = uleb128(&p);
-        if (!at && !form) break;
-    }
+    di_skip_die_attributes(&p);
     for (uint64_t n = uleb128(&p); abbrev_number != n; n = uleb128(&p)) {
         if (n == 0) {
             fprintf(stderr,"%d: Abbrev Number %"PRId64" not found\n",__LINE__, abbrev_number);
@@ -1212,12 +1358,7 @@ di_find_abbrev(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t abbrev_number)
         }
         uleb128(&p); /* tag */
         p++; /* has_children */
-        /* skip content */
-        for (;;) {
-            uint64_t at = uleb128(&p);
-            uint64_t form = uleb128(&p);
-            if (!at && !form) break;
-        }
+        di_skip_die_attributes(&p);
     }
     return p;
 }
@@ -1231,7 +1372,7 @@ hexdump0(const unsigned char *p, size_t n)
     for (i=0; i < n; i++){
         switch (i & 15) {
           case 0:
-            fprintf(stderr, "%02zd: %02X ", i/16, p[i]);
+            fprintf(stderr, "%02" PRIdSIZE ": %02X ", i/16, p[i]);
             break;
           case 15:
             fprintf(stderr, "%02X\n", p[i]);
@@ -1252,16 +1393,16 @@ div_inspect(DebugInfoValue *v)
 {
     switch (v->type) {
       case VAL_uint:
-        fprintf(stderr,"%d: type:%d size:%zx v:%lx\n",__LINE__,v->type,v->size,v->as.uint64);
+        fprintf(stderr,"%d: type:%d size:%" PRIxSIZE " v:%"PRIx64"\n",__LINE__,v->type,v->size,v->as.uint64);
         break;
       case VAL_int:
-        fprintf(stderr,"%d: type:%d size:%zx v:%ld\n",__LINE__,v->type,v->size,(int64_t)v->as.uint64);
+        fprintf(stderr,"%d: type:%d size:%" PRIxSIZE " v:%"PRId64"\n",__LINE__,v->type,v->size,(int64_t)v->as.uint64);
         break;
       case VAL_cstr:
-        fprintf(stderr,"%d: type:%d size:%zx v:'%s'\n",__LINE__,v->type,v->size,v->as.ptr);
+        fprintf(stderr,"%d: type:%d size:%" PRIxSIZE " v:'%s'\n",__LINE__,v->type,v->size,v->as.ptr);
         break;
       case VAL_data:
-        fprintf(stderr,"%d: type:%d size:%zx v:\n",__LINE__,v->type,v->size);
+        fprintf(stderr,"%d: type:%d size:%" PRIxSIZE " v:\n",__LINE__,v->type,v->size);
         hexdump(v->as.ptr, 16);
         break;
     }
@@ -1312,6 +1453,76 @@ di_skip_records(DebugInfoReader *reader)
     }
 }
 
+typedef struct addr_header {
+    const char *ptr;
+    uint64_t unit_length;
+    uint8_t format;
+    uint8_t address_size;
+    /* uint8_t segment_selector_size; */
+} addr_header_t;
+
+static void
+addr_header_init(obj_info_t *obj, addr_header_t *header) {
+    const char *p = obj->debug_addr.ptr;
+
+    header->ptr = p;
+
+    if (!p) return;
+
+    header->unit_length = *(uint32_t *)p;
+    p += sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+    header->format = 4;
+    if (header->unit_length == 0xffffffff) {
+        header->unit_length = *(uint64_t *)p;
+        p += sizeof(uint64_t);
+        header->format = 8;
+    }
+
+    p += 2; /* version */
+    header->address_size = *p++;
+    p++; /* segment_selector_size */
+}
+
+static uint64_t
+read_addr(addr_header_t *header, uint64_t addr_base, uint64_t idx) {
+    if (header->address_size == 4) {
+        return ((uint32_t*)(header->ptr + addr_base))[idx];
+    }
+    else {
+        return ((uint64_t*)(header->ptr + addr_base))[idx];
+    }
+}
+
+typedef struct rnglists_header {
+    uint64_t unit_length;
+    uint8_t format;
+    uint8_t address_size;
+    uint32_t offset_entry_count;
+} rnglists_header_t;
+
+static void
+rnglists_header_init(obj_info_t *obj, rnglists_header_t *header) {
+    const char *p = obj->debug_rnglists.ptr;
+
+    if (!p) return;
+