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@@ -1,820 +1,269 @@ -# NEWS for Ruby 3.2.0 +# NEWS for Ruby 4.1.0 This document is a list of user-visible feature changes -since the **3.1.0** release, except for bug fixes. +since the **4.0.0** release, except for bug fixes. Note that each entry is kept to a minimum, see links for details. ## Language changes -* Anonymous rest and keyword rest arguments can now be passed as - arguments, instead of just used in method parameters. - [[Feature #18351]] - - ```ruby - def foo(*) - bar(*) - end - def baz(**) - quux(**) - end - ``` - -* A proc that accepts a single positional argument and keywords will - no longer autosplat. [[Bug #18633]] - - ```ruby - proc{|a, **k| a}.call([1, 2]) - # Ruby 3.1 and before - # => 1 - # Ruby 3.2 and after - # => [1, 2] - ``` - -* Constant assignment evaluation order for constants set on explicit - objects has been made consistent with single attribute assignment - evaluation order. With this code: - - ```ruby - foo::BAR = baz - ``` - - `foo` is now called before `baz`. Similarly, for multiple assignments - to constants, left-to-right evaluation order is used. With this - code: - - ```ruby - foo1::BAR1, foo2::BAR2 = baz1, baz2 - ``` - - The following evaluation order is now used: - - 1. `foo1` - 2. `foo2` - 3. `baz1` - 4. `baz2` - - [[Bug #15928]] - -* "Find pattern" is no longer experimental. - [[Feature #18585]] - -* Methods taking a rest parameter (like `*args`) and wishing to delegate keyword - arguments through `foo(*args)` must now be marked with `ruby2_keywords` - (if not already the case). In other words, all methods wishing to delegate - keyword arguments through `*args` must now be marked with `ruby2_keywords`, - with no exception. This will make it easier to transition to other ways of - delegation once a library can require Ruby 3+. Previously, the `ruby2_keywords` - flag was kept if the receiving method took `*args`, but this was a bug and an - inconsistency. A good technique to find the potentially-missing `ruby2_keywords` - is to run the test suite, for where it fails find the last method which must - receive keyword arguments, use `puts nil, caller, nil` there, and check each - method/block on the call chain which must delegate keywords is correctly marked - as `ruby2_keywords`. [[Bug #18625]] [[Bug #16466]] - - ```ruby - def target(**kw) - end - - # Accidentally worked without ruby2_keywords in Ruby 2.7-3.1, ruby2_keywords - # needed in 3.2+. Just like (*args, **kwargs) or (...) would be needed on - # both #foo and #bar when migrating away from ruby2_keywords. - ruby2_keywords def bar(*args) - target(*args) - end - - ruby2_keywords def foo(*args) - bar(*args) - end - - foo(k: 1) - ``` +* `Module#clone` and `Module#dup` no longer rewrite the lexical scope of + copied methods. Constants and class variables resolve through the + original class, consistent with inheritance and mixins. + [[Feature #21981]] ## Core classes updates Note: We're only listing outstanding class updates. -* Fiber - - * Introduce Fiber.[] and Fiber.[]= for inheritable fiber storage. - Introduce Fiber#storage and Fiber#storage= (experimental) for - getting and resetting the current storage. Introduce - `Fiber.new(storage:)` for setting the storage when creating a - fiber. [[Feature #19078]] - - Existing Thread and Fiber local variables can be tricky to use. - Thread-local variables are shared between all fibers, making it - hard to isolate, while Fiber-local variables can be hard to - share. It is often desirable to define unit of execution - ("execution context") such that some state is shared between all - fibers and threads created in that context. This is what Fiber - storage provides. - - ```ruby - def log(message) - puts "#{Fiber[:request_id]}: #{message}" - end +* Array - def handle_requests - while request = read_request - Fiber.schedule do - Fiber[:request_id] = SecureRandom.uuid + * `Array#pack` accepts a new format `R` and `r` for unpacking unsigned + and signed LEB128 encoded integers. [[Feature #21785]] + * `Array#pack` accepts a new format `^` that returns the current offset. + Useful when combined with variable width formats like LEB128. [[Feature #21796]] - request.messages.each do |message| - Fiber.schedule do - log("Handling #{message}") # Log includes inherited request_id. - end - end - end - end - end - ``` +* ENV - You should generally consider Fiber storage for any state which - you want to be shared implicitly between all fibers and threads - created in a given context, e.g. a connection pool, a request - id, a logger level, environment variables, configuration, etc. - -* Fiber::Scheduler - - * Introduce `Fiber::Scheduler#io_select` for non-blocking IO.select. - [[Feature #19060]] - -* IO - - * Introduce IO#timeout= and IO#timeout which can cause - IO::TimeoutError to be raised if a blocking operation exceeds the - specified timeout. [[Feature #18630]] - - ```ruby - STDIN.timeout = 1 - STDIN.read # => Blocking operation timed out! (IO::TimeoutError) - ``` - - * Introduce `IO.new(..., path:)` and promote `File#path` to `IO#path`. - [[Feature #19036]] - -* Class - - * Class#attached_object, which returns the object for which - the receiver is the singleton class. Raises TypeError if the - receiver is not a singleton class. - [[Feature #12084]] - - ```ruby - class Foo; end - - Foo.singleton_class.attached_object #=> Foo - Foo.new.singleton_class.attached_object #=> #<Foo:0x000000010491a370> - Foo.attached_object #=> TypeError: `Foo' is not a singleton class - nil.singleton_class.attached_object #=> TypeError: `NilClass' is not a singleton class - ``` - -* Data - - * New core class to represent simple immutable value object. The class is - similar to Struct and partially shares an implementation, but has more - lean and strict API. [[Feature #16122]] - - ```ruby - Measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit) - distance = Measure.new(100, 'km') #=> #<data Measure amount=100, unit="km"> - weight = Measure.new(amount: 50, unit: 'kg') #=> #<data Measure amount=50, unit="kg"> - weight.with(amount: 40) #=> #<data Measure amount=40, unit="kg"> - weight.amount #=> 50 - weight.amount = 40 #=> NoMethodError: undefined method `amount=' - ``` - -* Encoding - - * Encoding#replicate has been deprecated and will be removed in 3.3. [[Feature #18949]] - * The dummy `Encoding::UTF_16` and `Encoding::UTF_32` encodings no longer - try to dynamically guess the endian based on a byte order mark. - Use `Encoding::UTF_16BE`/`UTF_16LE` and `Encoding::UTF_32BE`/`UTF_32LE` instead. - This change speeds up getting the encoding of a String. [[Feature #18949]] - * Limit maximum encoding set size by 256. - If exceeding maximum size, `EncodingError` will be raised. [[Feature #18949]] - -* Enumerator - - * Enumerator.product has been added. Enumerator::Product is the implementation. [[Feature #18685]] - -* Exception - - * Exception#detailed_message has been added. - The default error printer calls this method on the Exception object - instead of #message. [[Feature #18564]] - -* Hash - - * Hash#shift now always returns nil if the hash is - empty, instead of returning the default value or - calling the default proc. [[Bug #16908]] - -* Integer - - * Integer#ceildiv has been added. [[Feature #18809]] + * `ENV.fetch_values` is added. It returns an array of values for the + given names, raising `KeyError` for missing names unless a block is + given. [[Feature #21781]] * Kernel - * Kernel#binding raises RuntimeError if called from a non-Ruby frame - (such as a method defined in C). [[Bug #18487]] + * `Kernel#autoload_relative` and `Module#autoload_relative` are added. + These methods work like `autoload`, but resolve the file path relative + to the file where the method is called, similar to `require_relative`. + This makes it easier to autoload constants from files in the same + directory without hardcoding absolute paths or manipulating `$LOAD_PATH`. + [[Feature #15330]] * MatchData - * MatchData#byteoffset has been added. [[Feature #13110]] - * MatchData#deconstruct has been added. [[Feature #18821]] - * MatchData#deconstruct_keys has been added. [[Feature #18821]] - -* Module - - * Module.used_refinements has been added. [[Feature #14332]] - * Module#refinements has been added. [[Feature #12737]] - * Module#const_added has been added. [[Feature #17881]] - * Module#undefined_instance_methods has been added. [[Feature #12655]] - -* Proc - - * Proc#dup returns an instance of subclass. [[Bug #17545]] - * Proc#parameters now accepts lambda keyword. [[Feature #15357]] - -* Process - * Added `RLIMIT_NPTS` constant to FreeBSD platform + * `MatchData#integer_at` is added. It converts the matched substring to + integer and return the result. [[Feature #21932]] * Regexp - * The cache-based optimization is introduced. - Many (but not all) Regexp matching is now in linear time, which - will prevent regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) - vulnerability. [[Feature #19104]] - - * Regexp.linear_time? is introduced. [[Feature #19194]] - - * Regexp.new now supports passing the regexp flags not only as an Integer, - but also as a String. Unknown flags raise ArgumentError. - Otherwise, anything other than `true`, `false`, `nil` or Integer will be warned. - [[Feature #18788]] - - * Regexp.timeout= has been added. Also, Regexp.new new supports timeout keyword. - See [[Feature #17837]] - -* Refinement - - * Refinement#refined_class has been added. [[Feature #12737]] - -* RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree - - * Add `error_tolerant` option for `parse`, `parse_file` and `of`. [[Feature #19013]] - With this option - - 1. SyntaxError is suppressed - 2. AST is returned for invalid input - 3. `end` is complemented when a parser reaches to the end of input but `end` is insufficient - 4. `end` is treated as keyword based on indent - - ```ruby - # Without error_tolerant option - root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse(<<~RUBY) - def m - a = 10 - if - end - RUBY - # => <internal:ast>:33:in `parse': syntax error, unexpected `end' (SyntaxError) - - # With error_tolerant option - root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse(<<~RUBY, error_tolerant: true) - def m - a = 10 - if - end - RUBY - p root # => #<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:SCOPE@1:0-4:3> - - # `end` is treated as keyword based on indent - root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse(<<~RUBY, error_tolerant: true) - module Z - class Foo - foo. - end - - def bar - end - end - RUBY - p root.children[-1].children[-1].children[-1].children[-2..-1] - # => [#<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:CLASS@2:2-4:5>, #<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:DEFN@6:2-7:5>] - ``` - - * Add `keep_tokens` option for `parse`, `parse_file` and `of`. Add `#tokens` and `#all_tokens` - for RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node [[Feature #19070]] - - ```ruby - root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse("x = 1 + 2", keep_tokens: true) - root.tokens # => [[0, :tIDENTIFIER, "x", [1, 0, 1, 1]], [1, :tSP, " ", [1, 1, 1, 2]], ...] - root.tokens.map{_1[2]}.join # => "x = 1 + 2" - ``` + * All instances of `Regexp` are now frozen, not just literals. + Subclasses of `Regexp` are not frozen for compatibility. + [[Feature #8948]] * Set - * Set is now available as a built-in class without the need for `require "set"`. [[Feature #16989]] - It is currently autoloaded via the Set constant or a call to Enumerable#to_set. - -* String - - * String#byteindex and String#byterindex have been added. [[Feature #13110]] - * Update Unicode to Version 15.0.0 and Emoji Version 15.0. [[Feature #18639]] - (also applies to Regexp) - * String#bytesplice has been added. [[Feature #18598]] - * String#dedup has been added as an alias to String#-@. [[Feature #18595]] - -* Struct - - * A Struct class can also be initialized with keyword arguments - without `keyword_init: true` on Struct.new [[Feature #16806]] - - ```ruby - Post = Struct.new(:id, :name) - Post.new(1, "hello") #=> #<struct Post id=1, name="hello"> - # From Ruby 3.2, the following code also works without keyword_init: true. - Post.new(id: 1, name: "hello") #=> #<struct Post id=1, name="hello"> - ``` - -* Thread - - * Thread.each_caller_location is added. [[Feature #16663]] - -* Thread::Queue - - * Thread::Queue#pop(timeout: sec) is added. [[Feature #18774]] - -* Thread::SizedQueue - - * Thread::SizedQueue#pop(timeout: sec) is added. [[Feature #18774]] - * Thread::SizedQueue#push(timeout: sec) is added. [[Feature #18944]] - -* Time - - * Time#deconstruct_keys is added, allowing to use Time instances - in pattern-matching expressions [[Feature #19071]] - - * Time.new now can parse a string like generated by Time#inspect - and return a Time instance based on the given argument. - [[Feature #18033]] - -* SyntaxError - * SyntaxError#path has been added. [[Feature #19138]] - -* TracePoint - - * TracePoint#binding now returns `nil` for `c_call`/`c_return` TracePoints. - [[Bug #18487]] - * TracePoint#enable `target_thread` keyword argument now defaults to the - current thread if a block is given and `target` and `target_line` keyword - arguments are not passed. [[Bug #16889]] - -* UnboundMethod - - * `UnboundMethod#==` returns `true` if the actual method is same. For example, - `String.instance_method(:object_id) == Array.instance_method(:object_id)` - returns `true`. [[Feature #18798]] - - * `UnboundMethod#inspect` does not show the receiver of `instance_method`. - For example `String.instance_method(:object_id).inspect` returns - `"#<UnboundMethod: Kernel#object_id()>"` - (was `"#<UnboundMethod: String(Kernel)#object_id()>"`). - -* GC - - * Expose `need_major_gc` via `GC.latest_gc_info`. [GH-6791] - -* ObjectSpace - - * `ObjectSpace.dump_all` dump shapes as well. [GH-6868] + * A deprecated behavior, `Set#to_set`, `Range#to_set`, and + `Enumerable#to_set` accepting arguments, was removed. [[Feature #21390]] ## Stdlib updates -* Bundler - - * Bundler now uses [PubGrub] resolver instead of [Molinillo] for performance improvement. - * Add --ext=rust support to bundle gem for creating simple gems with Rust extensions. - [[GH-rubygems-6149]] - * Make cloning git repos faster [[GH-rubygems-4475]] - -* RubyGems - - * Add mswin support for cargo builder. [[GH-rubygems-6167]] - -* CGI - - * `CGI.escapeURIComponent` and `CGI.unescapeURIComponent` are added. - [[Feature #18822]] - -* Coverage - - * `Coverage.setup` now accepts `eval: true`. By this, `eval` and related methods are - able to generate code coverage. [[Feature #19008]] - - * `Coverage.supported?(mode)` enables detection of what coverage modes are - supported. [[Feature #19026]] - -* Date - - * Added `Date#deconstruct_keys` and `DateTime#deconstruct_keys` same as [[Feature #19071]] - -* ERB - - * `ERB::Util.html_escape` is made faster than `CGI.escapeHTML`. - * It no longer allocates a String object when no character needs to be escaped. - * It skips calling `#to_s` method when an argument is already a String. - * `ERB::Escape.html_escape` is added as an alias to `ERB::Util.html_escape`, - which has not been monkey-patched by Rails. - * `ERB::Util.url_encode` is made faster using `CGI.escapeURIComponent`. - * `-S` option is removed from `erb` command. - -* FileUtils - - * Add FileUtils.ln_sr method and `relative:` option to FileUtils.ln_s. - [[Feature #18925]] - -* IRB - - * debug.gem integration commands have been added: `debug`, `break`, `catch`, - `next`, `delete`, `step`, `continue`, `finish`, `backtrace`, `info` - * They work even if you don't have `gem "debug"` in your Gemfile. - * See also: [What's new in Ruby 3.2's IRB?](https://st0012.dev/whats-new-in-ruby-3-2-irb) - * More Pry-like commands and features have been added. - * `edit` and `show_cmds` (like Pry's `help`) are added. - * `ls` takes `-g` or `-G` option to filter out outputs. - * `show_source` is aliased from `$` and accepts unquoted inputs. - * `whereami` is aliased from `@`. - -* Net::Protocol - - * Improve `Net::BufferedIO` performance. [[GH-net-protocol-14]] - -* Pathname - - * Added `Pathname#lutime`. [[GH-pathname-20]] - -* Socket - - * Added the following constants for supported platforms. - * `SO_INCOMING_CPU` - * `SO_INCOMING_NAPI_ID` - * `SO_RTABLE` - * `SO_SETFIB` - * `SO_USER_COOKIE` - * `TCP_KEEPALIVE` - * `TCP_CONNECTION_INFO` - -* SyntaxSuggest - - * The feature of `syntax_suggest` formerly `dead_end` is integrated in Ruby. - [[Feature #18159]] - -* UNIXSocket - - * Add support for UNIXSocket on Windows. Emulate anonymous sockets. Add - support for File.socket? and File::Stat#socket? where possible. - [[Feature #19135]] - -* The following default gems are updated. - - * RubyGems 3.4.1 - * abbrev 0.1.1 - * benchmark 0.2.1 - * bigdecimal 3.1.3 - * bundler 2.4.1 - * cgi 0.3.6 - * csv 3.2.6 - * date 3.3.3 - * delegate 0.3.0 - * did_you_mean 1.6.3 - * digest 3.1.1 - * drb 2.1.1 - * english 0.7.2 - * erb 4.0.2 - * error_highlight 0.5.1 - * etc 1.4.2 - * fcntl 1.0.2 - * fiddle 1.1.1 - * fileutils 1.7.0 - * forwardable 1.3.3 - * getoptlong 0.2.0 - * io-console 0.6.0 - * io-nonblock 0.2.0 - * io-wait 0.3.0 - * ipaddr 1.2.5 - * irb 1.6.2 - * json 2.6.3 - * logger 1.5.3 - * mutex_m 0.1.2 - * net-http 0.4.0 - * net-protocol 0.2.1 - * nkf 0.1.2 - * open-uri 0.3.0 - * open3 0.1.2 - * openssl 3.1.0 - * optparse 0.3.1 - * ostruct 0.5.5 - * pathname 0.2.1 - * pp 0.4.0 - * pstore 0.1.2 - * psych 5.0.1 - * racc 1.6.2 - * rdoc 6.5.0 - * readline-ext 0.1.5 - * reline 0.3.2 - * resolv 0.2.2 - * resolv-replace 0.1.1 - * securerandom 0.2.2 - * set 1.0.3 - * stringio 3.0.4 - * strscan 3.0.5 - * syntax_suggest 1.0.2 - * syslog 0.1.1 - * tempfile 0.1.3 - * time 0.2.1 - * timeout 0.3.1 - * tmpdir 0.1.3 - * tsort 0.1.1 - * un 0.2.1 - * uri 0.12.0 - * weakref 0.1.2 - * win32ole 1.8.9 - * yaml 0.2.1 - * zlib 3.0.0 - -* The following bundled gems are updated. - - * minitest 5.16.3 - * power_assert 2.0.3 - * test-unit 3.5.7 - * net-ftp 0.2.0 - * net-imap 0.3.4 - * net-pop 0.1.2 - * net-smtp 0.3.3 - * rbs 2.8.2 - * typeprof 0.21.3 - * debug 1.7.1 - -See GitHub releases like [GitHub Releases of Logger](https://github.com/ruby/logger/releases) or changelog for details of the default gems or bundled gems. +### The following bundled gems are added. + + +We only list stdlib changes that are notable feature changes. + +Other changes are listed in the following sections. We also listed release +history from the previous bundled version that is Ruby 3.4.0 if it has GitHub +releases. + +### The following bundled gems are promoted from default gems. + +* tsort 0.2.0 +* win32-registry 0.1.2 + +### The following default gem is added. + +### The following default gems are updated. + +* RubyGems 4.1.0.dev + * 4.0.3 to [v4.0.4][RubyGems-v4.0.4], [v4.0.5][RubyGems-v4.0.5], [v4.0.6][RubyGems-v4.0.6], [v4.0.7][RubyGems-v4.0.7], [v4.0.8][RubyGems-v4.0.8], [v4.0.9][RubyGems-v4.0.9], [v4.0.10][RubyGems-v4.0.10], [v4.0.11][RubyGems-v4.0.11], [v4.0.12][RubyGems-v4.0.12], [v4.0.13][RubyGems-v4.0.13] +* bundler 4.1.0.dev + * 4.0.3 to [v4.0.4][bundler-v4.0.4], [v4.0.5][bundler-v4.0.5], [v4.0.6][bundler-v4.0.6], [v4.0.7][bundler-v4.0.7], [v4.0.8][bundler-v4.0.8], [v4.0.9][bundler-v4.0.9], [v4.0.10][bundler-v4.0.10], [v4.0.11][bundler-v4.0.11], [v4.0.12][bundler-v4.0.12], [v4.0.13][bundler-v4.0.13] +* erb 6.0.4 + * 6.0.1 to [v6.0.1.1][erb-v6.0.1.1], [v6.0.2][erb-v6.0.2], [v6.0.3][erb-v6.0.3], [v6.0.4][erb-v6.0.4] +* ipaddr 1.2.9 + * 1.2.8 to [v1.2.9][ipaddr-v1.2.9] +* json 2.19.8 + * 2.18.0 to [v2.18.1][json-v2.18.1], [v2.19.0][json-v2.19.0], [v2.19.1][json-v2.19.1], [v2.19.2][json-v2.19.2], [v2.19.3][json-v2.19.3], [v2.19.4][json-v2.19.4], [v2.19.5][json-v2.19.5], [v2.19.6][json-v2.19.6], [v2.19.7][json-v2.19.7] +* openssl 4.0.2 + * 4.0.0 to [v4.0.1][openssl-v4.0.1], [v4.0.2][openssl-v4.0.2] +* prism 1.9.0 + * 1.7.0 to [v1.8.0][prism-v1.8.0], [v1.8.1][prism-v1.8.1], [v1.9.0][prism-v1.9.0] +* psych 5.4.0 +* resolv 0.7.1 + * 0.7.0 to [v0.7.1][resolv-v0.7.1] +* stringio 3.2.1.dev +* strscan 3.1.9.dev + * 3.1.6 to [v3.1.7][strscan-v3.1.7], [v3.1.8][strscan-v3.1.8] +* syntax_suggest 3.0.0 +* timeout 0.6.1 + * 0.6.0 to [v0.6.1][timeout-v0.6.1] +* zlib 3.2.3 + * 3.2.2 to [v3.2.3][zlib-v3.2.3] + +### The following bundled gems are updated. + +* minitest 6.0.6 +* rake 13.4.2 + * 13.3.1 to [v13.4.0][rake-v13.4.0], [v13.4.1][rake-v13.4.1], [v13.4.2][rake-v13.4.2] +* test-unit 3.7.8 + * 3.7.5 to [3.7.6][test-unit-3.7.6], [3.7.7][test-unit-3.7.7], [3.7.8][test-unit-3.7.8] +* net-imap 0.6.4 + * 0.6.2 to [v0.6.3][net-imap-v0.6.3], [v0.6.4][net-imap-v0.6.4] +* rbs 4.0.2 + * 3.10.0 to [v3.10.1][rbs-v3.10.1], [v3.10.2][rbs-v3.10.2], [v3.10.3][rbs-v3.10.3], [v3.10.4][rbs-v3.10.4], [v4.0.0.dev.5][rbs-v4.0.0.dev.5], [v4.0.0][rbs-v4.0.0], [v4.0.2][rbs-v4.0.2] +* typeprof 0.32.0 +* mutex_m 0.3.0 +* bigdecimal 4.1.2 + * 4.0.1 to [v4.1.0][bigdecimal-v4.1.0], [v4.1.1][bigdecimal-v4.1.1], [v4.1.2][bigdecimal-v4.1.2] +* resolv-replace 0.2.0 + * 0.1.1 to [v0.2.0][resolv-replace-v0.2.0] +* syslog 0.4.0 + * 0.3.0 to [v0.4.0][syslog-v0.4.0] +* repl_type_completor 0.1.15 + * 0.1.12 to [v0.1.13][repl_type_completor-v0.1.13], [v0.1.14][repl_type_completor-v0.1.14], [v0.1.15][repl_type_completor-v0.1.15] +* pstore 0.2.1 + * 0.2.0 to [v0.2.1][pstore-v0.2.1] +* rdoc 7.2.0 + * 7.0.3 to [v7.0.4][rdoc-v7.0.4], [v7.1.0][rdoc-v7.1.0], [v7.2.0][rdoc-v7.2.0] +* win32ole 1.9.3 + * 1.9.2 to [v1.9.3][win32ole-v1.9.3] +* irb 1.18.0 + * 1.16.0 to [v1.17.0][irb-v1.17.0], [v1.18.0][irb-v1.18.0] + +### RubyGems and Bundler + +Ruby 4.0 bundled RubyGems and Bundler version 4. see the following links for details. ## Supported platforms -* WebAssembly/WASI is added. See [wasm/README.md] and [ruby.wasm] for more details. [[Feature #18462]] - ## Compatibility issues -* `String#to_c` currently treat a sequence of underscores as an end of Complex - string. [[Bug #19087]] - -* Now `ENV.clone` raises `TypeError` as well as `ENV.dup` [[Bug #17767]] - -### Removed constants - -The following deprecated constants are removed. - -* `Fixnum` and `Bignum` [[Feature #12005]] -* `Random::DEFAULT` [[Feature #17351]] -* `Struct::Group` -* `Struct::Passwd` - -### Removed methods - -The following deprecated methods are removed. - -* `Dir.exists?` [[Feature #17391]] -* `File.exists?` [[Feature #17391]] -* `Kernel#=~` [[Feature #15231]] -* `Kernel#taint`, `Kernel#untaint`, `Kernel#tainted?` - [[Feature #16131]] -* `Kernel#trust`, `Kernel#untrust`, `Kernel#untrusted?` - [[Feature #16131]] -* `Method#public?`, `Method#private?`, `Method#protected?`, - `UnboundMethod#public?`, `UnboundMethod#private?`, `UnboundMethod#protected?` - [[Bug #18729]] [[Bug #18751]] [[Bug #18435]] - -### Source code incompatibility of extension libraries - -* Extension libraries provide PRNG, subclasses of Random, need updates. - See [PRNG update] below for more information. [[Bug #19100]] - -### Error printer - -* Ruby no longer escapes control characters and backslashes in an - error message. [[Feature #18367]] - -### Constant lookup when defining a class/module - -* When defining a class/module directly under the Object class by class/module - statement, if there is already a class/module defined by `Module#include` - with the same name, the statement was handled as "open class" in Ruby 3.1 or before. - Since Ruby 3.2, a new class is defined instead. [[Feature #18832]] - ## Stdlib compatibility issues -* Psych no longer bundles libyaml sources. - And also Fiddle no longer bundles libffi sources. - Users need to install the libyaml/libffi library themselves via the package - manager like apt, yum, brew, etc. - - Psych and fiddle supported the static build with specific version of libyaml - and libffi sources. You can build psych with libyaml-0.2.5 like this. - - ```bash - $ ./configure --with-libyaml-source-dir=/path/to/libyaml-0.2.5 - ``` - - And you can build fiddle with libffi-3.4.4 like this. - - ```bash - $ ./configure --with-libffi-source-dir=/path/to/libffi-3.4.4 - ``` - - [[Feature #18571]] - -* Check cookie name/path/domain characters in `CGI::Cookie`. [[CVE-2021-33621]] - -* `URI.parse` return empty string in host instead of nil. [[sec-156615]] - ## C API updates -### Updated C APIs +### Embedded TypedData -The following APIs are updated. +* The `RUBY_TYPED_EMBEDDABLE` flag is now public and documented and can be used by C extensions. + It allows allocating C structs directly into Ruby object slots, which reduces pointer chasing, + and in some case memory usage. + See the C extension documentation for details. [[Feature #21853]] -* PRNG update +* Added new C23 inspired allocator functions, that takes the previous memory size. + This allow the Ruby GC to better keep track of memory usage, improving its heuristics. + It also improves the performance of system allocators that support C23 `free_sized`. - `rb_random_interface_t` in ruby/random.h updated and versioned. - Extension libraries which use this interface and built for older - versions need to rebuild with adding `init_int32` function. + However, it is important to note that passing an incorrect size to these function is undefined + behavior and may result in crashes or memory leaks. -### Added C APIs + - `ruby_xfree_sized(void *ptr, size_t size)` + - `ruby_xrealloc_sized(void *ptr, size_t newsiz, size_t oldsiz)` + - `ruby_xrealloc2_sized(void *ptr, size_t newelems, size_t newsiz, size_t oldelems)` -* `VALUE rb_hash_new_capa(long capa)` was added to created hashes with the desired capacity. -* `rb_internal_thread_add_event_hook` and `rb_internal_thread_add_event_hook` were added to instrument threads scheduling. - The following events are available: - * `RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_STARTED` - * `RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_READY` - * `RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_RESUMED` - * `RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_SUSPENDED` - * `RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_EXITED` -* `rb_debug_inspector_current_depth` and `rb_debug_inspector_frame_depth` are added for debuggers. + [[Feature #21861]] -### Removed C APIs +### Removed APIs -The following deprecated APIs are removed. +The following APIs, which have been deprecated for many years, are removed. +[[Feature #21768]] -* `rb_cData` variable. -* "taintedness" and "trustedness" functions. [[Feature #16131]] +* old postponed job functions, +* untyped data object type/functions, +* old APIs to allocate a data object, +* taintedness/trustedness enums/macros, +* `rb_gc_force_recycle` function, +* `rb_iterate` function, +* and some functions and constants for internal use. ## Implementation improvements -* Fixed several race conditions in Kernel#autoload. [[Bug #18782]] -* Cache invalidation for expressions referencing constants is now - more fine-grained. `RubyVM.stat(:global_constant_state)` was - removed because it was closely tied to the previous caching scheme - where setting any constant invalidates all caches in the system. - New keys, `:constant_cache_invalidations` and `:constant_cache_misses`, - were introduced to help with use cases for `:global_constant_state`. - [[Feature #18589]] -* The cache-based optimization for Regexp matching is introduced. - [[Feature #19104]] -* [Variable Width Allocation](https://shopify.engineering/ruby-variable-width-allocation) - is now enabled by default. [[Feature #18239]] -* Added a new instance variable caching mechanism, called object shapes, which - improves inline cache hits for most objects and allows us to generate very - efficient JIT code. Objects whose instance variables are defined in a - consistent order will see the most performance benefits. - [[Feature #18776]] -* Speed up marking instruction sequences by using a bitmap to find "markable" - objects. This change results in faster major collections. - [[Feature #18875]] +### Ractor + +A lot of work has gone into making Ractors more stable, performant, and usable. These improvements bring Ractor implementation closer to leaving experimental status. ## JIT -### YJIT - -* YJIT is no longer experimental - * Has been tested on production workloads for over a year and proven to be quite stable. -* YJIT now supports both x86-64 and arm64/aarch64 CPUs on Linux, MacOS, BSD and other UNIX platforms. - * This release brings support for Mac M1/M2, AWS Graviton and Raspberry Pi 4. -* Building YJIT now requires Rust 1.58.0+. [[Feature #18481]] - * In order to ensure that CRuby is built with YJIT, please install `rustc` >= 1.58.0 - before running `./configure` - * Please reach out to the YJIT team should you run into any issues. -* Physical memory for JIT code is lazily allocated. Unlike Ruby 3.1, - the RSS of a Ruby process is minimized because virtual memory pages - allocated by `--yjit-exec-mem-size` will not be mapped to physical - memory pages until actually utilized by JIT code. -* Introduce Code GC that frees all code pages when the memory consumption - by JIT code reaches `--yjit-exec-mem-size`. - * `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats` returns Code GC metrics in addition to - existing `inline_code_size` and `outlined_code_size` keys: - `code_gc_count`, `live_page_count`, `freed_page_count`, and `freed_code_size`. -* Most of the statistics produced by `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats` are now available in release builds. - * Simply run ruby with `--yjit-stats` to compute and dump stats (incurs some run-time overhead). -* YJIT is now optimized to take advantage of object shapes. [[Feature #18776]] -* Take advantage of finer-grained constant invalidation to invalidate less code when defining new constants. [[Feature #18589]] -* The default `--yjit-exec-mem-size` is changed to 64 (MiB). -* The default `--yjit-call-threshold` is changed to 30. - -### MJIT - -* The MJIT compiler is re-implemented in Ruby as `ruby_vm/mjit/compiler`. -* MJIT compiler is executed under a forked Ruby process instead of - doing it in a native thread called MJIT worker. [[Feature #18968]] - * As a result, Microsoft Visual Studio (MSWIN) is no longer supported. -* MinGW is no longer supported. [[Feature #18824]] -* Rename `--mjit-min-calls` to `--mjit-call-threshold`. -* Change default `--mjit-max-cache` back from 10000 to 100. - -[Feature #12005]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12005 -[Feature #12084]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12084 -[Feature #12655]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12655 -[Feature #12737]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12737 -[Feature #13110]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/13110 -[Feature #14332]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14332 -[Feature #15231]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15231 -[Feature #15357]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15357 -[Bug #15928]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15928 -[Feature #16122]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16122 -[Feature #16131]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16131 -[Bug #16466]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16466 -[Feature #16663]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16663 -[Feature #16806]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16806 -[Bug #16889]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16889 -[Bug #16908]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16908 -[Feature #16989]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16989 -[Feature #17351]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17351 -[Feature #17391]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17391 -[Bug #17545]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17545 -[Bug #17767]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17767 -[Feature #17837]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17837 -[Feature #17881]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17881 -[Feature #18033]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18033 -[Feature #18159]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18159 -[Feature #18239]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18239#note-17 -[Feature #18351]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18351 -[Feature #18367]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18367 -[Bug #18435]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18435 -[Feature #18462]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18462 -[Feature #18481]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18481 -[Bug #18487]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18487 -[Feature #18564]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18564 -[Feature #18571]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18571 -[Feature #18585]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18585 -[Feature #18589]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18589 -[Feature #18595]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18595 -[Feature #18598]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18598 -[Bug #18625]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18625 -[Feature #18630]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18630 -[Bug #18633]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18633 -[Feature #18639]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18639 -[Feature #18685]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18685 -[Bug #18729]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18729 -[Bug #18751]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18751 -[Feature #18774]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18774 -[Feature #18776]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18776 -[Bug #18782]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18782 -[Feature #18788]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18788 -[Feature #18798]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18798 -[Feature #18809]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18809 -[Feature #18821]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18821 -[Feature #18822]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18822 -[Feature #18824]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18824 -[Feature #18832]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18832 -[Feature #18875]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18875 -[Feature #18925]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18925 -[Feature #18944]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18944 -[Feature #18949]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18949 -[Feature #18968]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18968 -[Feature #19008]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19008 -[Feature #19013]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19013 -[Feature #19026]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19026 -[Feature #19036]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19036 -[Feature #19060]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19060 -[Feature #19070]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19070 -[Feature #19071]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19071 -[Feature #19078]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19078 -[Bug #19087]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19087 -[Bug #19100]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19100 -[Feature #19104]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19104 -[Feature #19135]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19135 -[Feature #19138]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19138 -[Feature #19194]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19194 -[Molinillo]: https://github.com/CocoaPods/Molinillo -[PubGrub]: https://github.com/jhawthorn/pub_grub -[GH-net-protocol-14]: https://github.com/ruby/net-protocol/pull/14 -[GH-pathname-20]: https://github.com/ruby/pathname/pull/20 -[GH-6791]: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6791 -[GH-6868]: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6868 -[GH-rubygems-4475]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/4475 -[GH-rubygems-6149]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/6149 -[GH-rubygems-6167]: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/6167 -[sec-156615]: https://hackerone.com/reports/156615 -[CVE-2021-33621]: https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2022/11/22/http-response-splitting-in-cgi-cve-2021-33621/ -[wasm/README.md]: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/master/wasm/README.md -[ruby.wasm]: https://github.com/ruby/ruby.wasm +[Feature #8948]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8948 +[Feature #15330]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15330 +[Feature #21390]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21390 +[Feature #21768]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21768 +[Feature #21785]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21785 +[Feature #21796]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21796 +[Feature #21853]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21853 +[Feature #21861]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21861 +[Feature #21932]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21932 +[Feature #21981]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21981 +[RubyGems-v4.0.4]: 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