Improve performance of some Time methods

internal.h : add rb_numeric_quo() as internal API.
rational.c : rename numeric_quo() to rb_numeric_quo() as internal API.
time.c (quov): optimize by invoking rb_numeric_quo() to retrieve a value of
    Numeric#quo instead of method dispatching via rb_funcall().

    Time#subsec ->  7 % up
    Time#-      -> 26 % up
    Time#to_f   -> 30 % up
    Time#to_r   ->  7 % up

    [ruby-core:80915] [Bug #13519] [Fix GH-1601]

### Before
         Time#subsec      2.024M (± 8.7%) i/s -     10.062M in   5.009762s
              Time#-      5.049M (± 4.7%) i/s -     25.186M in   5.002379s
           Time#to_f      5.625M (± 4.2%) i/s -     28.066M in   5.000749s
           Time#to_r      1.880M (± 9.7%) i/s -      9.361M in   5.027527s

### After
         Time#subsec      2.155M (± 9.7%) i/s -     10.724M in   5.022579s
              Time#-      6.362M (± 2.0%) i/s -     31.824M in   5.004625s
           Time#to_f      7.287M (± 4.8%) i/s -     36.402M in   5.010983s
           Time#to_r      2.020M (± 9.4%) i/s -     10.059M in   5.021852s

### Test code
require 'benchmark/ips'

Benchmark.ips do |x|
  x.report "Time#subsec" do |t|
    time = Time.now
    t.times { time.subsec }
  end

  x.report "Time#-" do |t|
    time1 = Time.now
    time2 = Time.now
    t.times { time1 - time2 }
  end

  x.report "Time#to_f" do |t|
    time = Time.now
    t.times { time.to_f }
  end

  x.report "Time#to_r" do |t|
    time = Time.now
    t.times { time.to_r }
  end
end

git-svn-id: svn+ssh://ci.ruby-lang.org/ruby/trunk@58921 b2dd03c8-39d4-4d8f-98ff-823fe69b080e

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