Fix memory leak in String#start_with? when regexp times out

[Bug #20653]

This commit refactors how Onigmo handles timeout. Instead of raising a
timeout error, onig_search will return a ONIGERR_TIMEOUT which the
caller can free memory, and then raise a timeout error.

This fixes a memory leak in String#start_with when the regexp times out.
For example:

    regex = Regexp.new("^#{"(a*)" * 10_000}x$", timeout: 0.000001)
    str = "a" * 1000000 + "x"

    10.times do
      100.times do
        str.start_with?(regex)
      rescue
      end

      puts `ps -o rss= -p #{$$}`
    end

Before:

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After:

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0 files changed, 0 insertions, 0 deletions