Ignore rexml examples on ruby/spec

104 files changed, 1862 insertions, 1550 deletions

diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/clone_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/clone_spec.rb
index 9a4a4079e1..44c8ddebcc 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/clone_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/clone_spec.rb
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attribute#clone" do
-  it "returns a copy of this Attribute" do
-    orig = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "value&&")
-    orig.should == orig.clone
-    orig.clone.to_s.should == orig.to_s
-    orig.clone.to_string.should == orig.to_string
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Attribute#clone" do
+    it "returns a copy of this Attribute" do
+      orig = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "value&&")
+      orig.should == orig.clone
+      orig.clone.to_s.should == orig.to_s
+      orig.clone.to_string.should == orig.to_string
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/element_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/element_spec.rb
index 832e7e9a41..4fc4d9ed58 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/element_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/element_spec.rb
@@ -1,23 +1,26 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attribute#element" do
-  it "returns the parent element" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new "root"
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-    REXML::Attribute.new("name", "value", e).element.should == e
-    REXML::Attribute.new("name", "default_constructor").element.should == nil
+  describe "REXML::Attribute#element" do
+    it "returns the parent element" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new "root"
+
+      REXML::Attribute.new("name", "value", e).element.should == e
+      REXML::Attribute.new("name", "default_constructor").element.should == nil
+    end
   end
-end
 
-describe "REXML::Attribute#element=" do
-  it "sets the parent element" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new "root"
-    f = REXML::Element.new "temp"
-    a = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "value", e)
-    a.element.should == e
+  describe "REXML::Attribute#element=" do
+    it "sets the parent element" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new "root"
+      f = REXML::Element.new "temp"
+      a = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "value", e)
+      a.element.should == e
 
-    a.element = f
-    a.element.should == f
+      a.element = f
+      a.element.should == f
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/equal_value_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/equal_value_spec.rb
index 8bf2c0a3a1..a51e1cc390 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/equal_value_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/equal_value_spec.rb
@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attribute#==" do
-  it "returns true if other has equal name and value" do
-    a1 = REXML::Attribute.new("foo", "bar")
-    a1.should == a1.clone
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-    a2 = REXML::Attribute.new("foo", "bar")
-    a1.should == a2
+  describe "REXML::Attribute#==" do
+    it "returns true if other has equal name and value" do
+      a1 = REXML::Attribute.new("foo", "bar")
+      a1.should == a1.clone
 
-    a3 = REXML::Attribute.new("foo", "bla")
-    a1.should_not == a3
+      a2 = REXML::Attribute.new("foo", "bar")
+      a1.should == a2
 
-    a4 = REXML::Attribute.new("baz", "bar")
-    a1.should_not == a4
+      a3 = REXML::Attribute.new("foo", "bla")
+      a1.should_not == a3
+
+      a4 = REXML::Attribute.new("baz", "bar")
+      a1.should_not == a4
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/hash_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/hash_spec.rb
index dd71b28108..544cb39515 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/hash_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/hash_spec.rb
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attribute#hash" do
-  # These are not really complete, any idea on how to make them more
-  # "testable" will be appreciated.
-  it "returns a hashcode made of the name and value of self" do
-    a = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "value")
-    a.hash.should be_kind_of(Numeric)
-    b = REXML::Attribute.new(a)
-    a.hash.should == b.hash
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Attribute#hash" do
+    # These are not really complete, any idea on how to make them more
+    # "testable" will be appreciated.
+    it "returns a hashcode made of the name and value of self" do
+      a = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "value")
+      a.hash.should be_kind_of(Numeric)
+      b = REXML::Attribute.new(a)
+      a.hash.should == b.hash
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/initialize_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/initialize_spec.rb
index 9f5e30c517..84c17d8b7c 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/initialize_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/initialize_spec.rb
@@ -1,29 +1,32 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attribute#initialize" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new "root"
-    @name = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Nicko")
-    @e.add_attribute @name
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "receives two strings for name and value" do
-    @e.attributes["name"].should == "Nicko"
-    @e.add_attribute REXML::Attribute.new("last_name", nil)
-    @e.attributes["last_name"].should == ""
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Attribute#initialize" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new "root"
+      @name = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Nicko")
+      @e.add_attribute @name
+    end
 
-  it "receives an Attribute and clones it" do
-    copy = REXML::Attribute.new(@name)
-    copy.should == @name
-  end
+    it "receives two strings for name and value" do
+      @e.attributes["name"].should == "Nicko"
+      @e.add_attribute REXML::Attribute.new("last_name", nil)
+      @e.attributes["last_name"].should == ""
+    end
+
+    it "receives an Attribute and clones it" do
+      copy = REXML::Attribute.new(@name)
+      copy.should == @name
+    end
 
-  it "receives a parent node" do
-    last_name = REXML::Attribute.new("last_name", "McBrain", @e)
-    last_name.element.should == @e
+    it "receives a parent node" do
+      last_name = REXML::Attribute.new("last_name", "McBrain", @e)
+      last_name.element.should == @e
 
-    last_name = REXML::Attribute.new(@name, @e)
-    last_name.element.should == @e
+      last_name = REXML::Attribute.new(@name, @e)
+      last_name.element.should == @e
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/inspect_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/inspect_spec.rb
index 632b477cca..ffacf78de8 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/inspect_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/inspect_spec.rb
@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attribute#inspect" do
-  it "returns the name and value as a string" do
-    a = REXML::Attribute.new("my_name", "my_value")
-    a.inspect.should == "my_name='my_value'"
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "accepts attributes with no value" do
-    a = REXML::Attribute.new("my_name")
-    a.inspect.should == "my_name=''"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Attribute#inspect" do
+    it "returns the name and value as a string" do
+      a = REXML::Attribute.new("my_name", "my_value")
+      a.inspect.should == "my_name='my_value'"
+    end
+
+    it "accepts attributes with no value" do
+      a = REXML::Attribute.new("my_name")
+      a.inspect.should == "my_name=''"
+    end
 
-  it "does not escape text" do
-    a = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "<>")
-    a.inspect.should == "name='<>'"
+    it "does not escape text" do
+      a = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "<>")
+      a.inspect.should == "name='<>'"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/namespace_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/namespace_spec.rb
index 9d50770735..9b0ff1e9c2 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/namespace_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/namespace_spec.rb
@@ -1,24 +1,27 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attribute#namespace" do
-  it "returns the namespace url" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    e.add_attribute REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:ns", "http://some_uri")
-    e.namespace("ns").should == "http://some_uri"
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns nil if namespace is not defined" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    e.add_attribute REXML::Attribute.new("test", "value")
-    e.namespace("test").should == nil
-    e.namespace("ns").should == nil
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Attribute#namespace" do
+    it "returns the namespace url" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      e.add_attribute REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:ns", "http://some_uri")
+      e.namespace("ns").should == "http://some_uri"
+    end
+
+    it "returns nil if namespace is not defined" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      e.add_attribute REXML::Attribute.new("test", "value")
+      e.namespace("test").should == nil
+      e.namespace("ns").should == nil
+    end
 
-  it "defaults arg to nil" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    e.add_attribute REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:ns", "http://some_uri")
-    e.namespace.should == ""
-    e.namespace("ns").should == "http://some_uri"
+    it "defaults arg to nil" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      e.add_attribute REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:ns", "http://some_uri")
+      e.namespace.should == ""
+      e.namespace("ns").should == "http://some_uri"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/node_type_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/node_type_spec.rb
index 664d7cfa03..f2ba0af839 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/node_type_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/node_type_spec.rb
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attribute#node_type" do
-  it "always returns :attribute" do
-    attr = REXML::Attribute.new("foo", "bar")
-    attr.node_type.should == :attribute
-    REXML::Attribute.new(attr).node_type.should == :attribute
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Attribute#node_type" do
+    it "always returns :attribute" do
+      attr = REXML::Attribute.new("foo", "bar")
+      attr.node_type.should == :attribute
+      REXML::Attribute.new(attr).node_type.should == :attribute
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/prefix_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/prefix_spec.rb
index 2a47f74ad1..0eee50de33 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/prefix_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/prefix_spec.rb
@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attribute#prefix" do
-  it "returns the namespace of the Attribute" do
-    ans = REXML::Attribute.new("ns:someattr", "some_value")
-    out = REXML::Attribute.new("out:something", "some_other_value")
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-    ans.prefix.should == "ns"
-    out.prefix.should == "out"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Attribute#prefix" do
+    it "returns the namespace of the Attribute" do
+      ans = REXML::Attribute.new("ns:someattr", "some_value")
+      out = REXML::Attribute.new("out:something", "some_other_value")
+
+      ans.prefix.should == "ns"
+      out.prefix.should == "out"
+    end
 
-  it "returns an empty string for Attributes with no prefixes" do
-    attr = REXML::Attribute.new("foo", "bar")
+    it "returns an empty string for Attributes with no prefixes" do
+      attr = REXML::Attribute.new("foo", "bar")
 
-    attr.prefix.should == ""
+      attr.prefix.should == ""
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/remove_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/remove_spec.rb
index 08d22cb6ba..c7a9904eb8 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/remove_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/remove_spec.rb
@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attribute#remove" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new "Root"
-    @attr = REXML::Attribute.new("foo", "bar")
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "deletes this Attribute from parent" do
-    @e.add_attribute(@attr)
-    @e.attributes["foo"].should_not == nil
-    @attr.remove
-    @e.attributes["foo"].should == nil
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Attribute#remove" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new "Root"
+      @attr = REXML::Attribute.new("foo", "bar")
+    end
+
+    it "deletes this Attribute from parent" do
+      @e.add_attribute(@attr)
+      @e.attributes["foo"].should_not == nil
+      @attr.remove
+      @e.attributes["foo"].should == nil
+    end
 
-  it "does not anything if element has no parent" do
-    -> {@attr.remove}.should_not raise_error(Exception)
+    it "does not anything if element has no parent" do
+      -> {@attr.remove}.should_not raise_error(Exception)
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/to_s_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/to_s_spec.rb
index e1ce48ec33..00e7e96648 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/to_s_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/to_s_spec.rb
@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attribute#to_s" do
-  it "returns the value of the Attribute" do
-    REXML::Attribute.new("name", "some_value").to_s.should == "some_value"
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Attribute#to_s" do
+    it "returns the value of the Attribute" do
+      REXML::Attribute.new("name", "some_value").to_s.should == "some_value"
+    end
 
-  it "returns the escaped value if it was created from Attribute" do
-    orig = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "<&>")
-    copy =  REXML::Attribute.new(orig)
-    copy.to_s.should == "&lt;&amp;&gt;"
+    it "returns the escaped value if it was created from Attribute" do
+      orig = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "<&>")
+      copy =  REXML::Attribute.new(orig)
+      copy.to_s.should == "&lt;&amp;&gt;"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/to_string_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/to_string_spec.rb
index 420913afeb..f26c5b85f0 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/to_string_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/to_string_spec.rb
@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attribute#to_string" do
-  it "returns the attribute as XML" do
-    attr = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "value")
-    attr_empty = REXML::Attribute.new("name")
-    attr_ns = REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:ns", "http://uri")
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-    attr.to_string.should == "name='value'"
-    attr_empty.to_string.should == "name=''"
-    attr_ns.to_string.should == "xmlns:ns='http://uri'"
+  describe "REXML::Attribute#to_string" do
+    it "returns the attribute as XML" do
+      attr = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "value")
+      attr_empty = REXML::Attribute.new("name")
+      attr_ns = REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:ns", "http://uri")
+
+      attr.to_string.should == "name='value'"
+      attr_empty.to_string.should == "name=''"
+      attr_ns.to_string.should == "xmlns:ns='http://uri'"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/value_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/value_spec.rb
index 7763976881..cf6d1deef4 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/value_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/value_spec.rb
@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attribute#value" do
-  it "returns the value of the Attribute unnormalized" do
-    attr = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "value")
-    attr_ents = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "<&>")
-    attr_empty = REXML::Attribute.new("name")
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-    attr.value.should == "value"
-    attr_ents.value.should == "<&>"
-    attr_empty.value.should == ""
+  describe "REXML::Attribute#value" do
+    it "returns the value of the Attribute unnormalized" do
+      attr = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "value")
+      attr_ents = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "<&>")
+      attr_empty = REXML::Attribute.new("name")
+
+      attr.value.should == "value"
+      attr_ents.value.should == "<&>"
+      attr_empty.value.should == ""
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/write_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/write_spec.rb
index 7ada7460f9..f69689e724 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/write_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/write_spec.rb
@@ -1,23 +1,26 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attribute#write" do
-  before :each do
-    @attr = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Charlotte")
-    @s = ""
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "writes the name and value to output" do
-    @attr.write(@s)
-    @s.should == "name='Charlotte'"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Attribute#write" do
+    before :each do
+      @attr = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Charlotte")
+      @s = ""
+    end
+
+    it "writes the name and value to output" do
+      @attr.write(@s)
+      @s.should == "name='Charlotte'"
+    end
 
-  it "currently ignores the second argument" do
-    @attr.write(@s, 3)
-    @s.should == "name='Charlotte'"
+    it "currently ignores the second argument" do
+      @attr.write(@s, 3)
+      @s.should == "name='Charlotte'"
 
-    @s = ""
-    @attr.write(@s, "foo")
-    @s.should == "name='Charlotte'"
+      @s = ""
+      @attr.write(@s, "foo")
+      @s.should == "name='Charlotte'"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/xpath_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/xpath_spec.rb
index 8335e0a8ef..945e76280f 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/xpath_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attribute/xpath_spec.rb
@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attribute#xpath" do
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new "root"
-    @attr = REXML::Attribute.new("year", "1989")
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Attribute#xpath" do
 
-  it "returns the path for Attribute" do
-    @e.add_attribute @attr
-    @attr.xpath.should == "root/@year"
-  end
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new "root"
+      @attr = REXML::Attribute.new("year", "1989")
+    end
+
+    it "returns the path for Attribute" do
+      @e.add_attribute @attr
+      @attr.xpath.should == "root/@year"
+    end
 
-  it "raises an error if attribute has no parent" do
-    -> { @attr.xpath }.should raise_error(Exception)
+    it "raises an error if attribute has no parent" do
+      -> { @attr.xpath }.should raise_error(Exception)
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/add_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/add_spec.rb
index 32a927e10b..fd23bd458c 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/add_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/add_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require_relative 'shared/add'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attributes#add" do
- it_behaves_like :rexml_attribute_add, :add
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require_relative 'shared/add'
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Attributes#add" do
+    it_behaves_like :rexml_attribute_add, :add
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/append_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/append_spec.rb
index f1b08f7d6a..99585979f2 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/append_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/append_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require_relative 'shared/add'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attributes#<<" do
- it_behaves_like :rexml_attribute_add, :<<
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require_relative 'shared/add'
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Attributes#<<" do
+    it_behaves_like :rexml_attribute_add, :<<
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/delete_all_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/delete_all_spec.rb
index 9340b5693b..f5e6a897c5 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/delete_all_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/delete_all_spec.rb
@@ -1,31 +1,34 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attributes#delete_all" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "deletes all attributes that match name" do
-    uri = REXML::Attribute.new("uri", "http://something")
-    @e.attributes << uri
-    @e.attributes.delete_all("uri")
-    @e.attributes.should be_empty
-    @e.attributes["uri"].should == nil
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Attributes#delete_all" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+    end
 
-  it "deletes all attributes that match name with a namespace" do
-    ns_uri = REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:uri", "http://something_here_too")
-    @e.attributes << ns_uri
-    @e.attributes.delete_all("xmlns:uri")
-    @e.attributes.should be_empty
-    @e.attributes["xmlns:uri"].should == nil
-  end
+    it "deletes all attributes that match name" do
+      uri = REXML::Attribute.new("uri", "http://something")
+      @e.attributes << uri
+      @e.attributes.delete_all("uri")
+      @e.attributes.should be_empty
+      @e.attributes["uri"].should == nil
+    end
+
+    it "deletes all attributes that match name with a namespace" do
+      ns_uri = REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:uri", "http://something_here_too")
+      @e.attributes << ns_uri
+      @e.attributes.delete_all("xmlns:uri")
+      @e.attributes.should be_empty
+      @e.attributes["xmlns:uri"].should == nil
+    end
 
-  it "returns the removed attribute" do
-    uri = REXML::Attribute.new("uri", "http://something_here_too")
-    @e.attributes << uri
-    attrs = @e.attributes.delete_all("uri")
-    attrs.first.should == uri
+    it "returns the removed attribute" do
+      uri = REXML::Attribute.new("uri", "http://something_here_too")
+      @e.attributes << uri
+      attrs = @e.attributes.delete_all("uri")
+      attrs.first.should == uri
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/delete_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/delete_spec.rb
index 495e4085ef..59641e55db 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/delete_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/delete_spec.rb
@@ -1,27 +1,30 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attributes#delete" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    @name = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Pepe")
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "takes an attribute name and deletes the attribute" do
-    @e.attributes.delete("name")
-    @e.attributes["name"].should be_nil
-    @e.attributes.should be_empty
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Attributes#delete" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      @name = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Pepe")
+    end
 
-  it "takes an Attribute and deletes it" do
-    @e.attributes.delete(@name)
-    @e.attributes["name"].should be_nil
-    @e.attributes.should be_empty
-  end
+    it "takes an attribute name and deletes the attribute" do
+      @e.attributes.delete("name")
+      @e.attributes["name"].should be_nil
+      @e.attributes.should be_empty
+    end
+
+    it "takes an Attribute and deletes it" do
+      @e.attributes.delete(@name)
+      @e.attributes["name"].should be_nil
+      @e.attributes.should be_empty
+    end
 
-  it "returns the element with the attribute removed" do
-    ret_val = @e.attributes.delete(@name)
-    ret_val.should == @e
-    ret_val.attributes.should be_empty
+    it "returns the element with the attribute removed" do
+      ret_val = @e.attributes.delete(@name)
+      ret_val.should == @e
+      ret_val.attributes.should be_empty
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/each_attribute_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/each_attribute_spec.rb
index e84c8dbf51..1e6b5c1c1f 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/each_attribute_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/each_attribute_spec.rb
@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attributes#each_attribute" do
-  it "iterates over the attributes yielding actual Attribute objects" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    name = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Joe")
-    ns_uri = REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:ns", "http://some_uri")
-    e.add_attribute name
-    e.add_attribute ns_uri
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-    attributes = []
+  describe "REXML::Attributes#each_attribute" do
+    it "iterates over the attributes yielding actual Attribute objects" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      name = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Joe")
+      ns_uri = REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:ns", "http://some_uri")
+      e.add_attribute name
+      e.add_attribute ns_uri
 
-    e.attributes.each_attribute do |attr|
-      attributes << attr
-    end
+      attributes = []
+
+      e.attributes.each_attribute do |attr|
+        attributes << attr
+      end
 
-    attributes = attributes.sort_by {|a| a.name }
-    attributes.first.should == name
-    attributes.last.should == ns_uri
+      attributes = attributes.sort_by {|a| a.name }
+      attributes.first.should == name
+      attributes.last.should == ns_uri
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/each_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/each_spec.rb
index ed60634b90..4865114cf1 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/each_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/each_spec.rb
@@ -1,23 +1,26 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attributes#each" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    @name = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Joe")
-    @ns_uri = REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:ns", "http://some_uri")
-    @e.add_attribute @name
-    @e.add_attribute @ns_uri
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Attributes#each" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      @name = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Joe")
+      @ns_uri = REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:ns", "http://some_uri")
+      @e.add_attribute @name
+      @e.add_attribute @ns_uri
+    end
 
-  it "iterates over the attributes yielding expanded-name/value" do
-    attributes = []
-    @e.attributes.each do |attr|
-      attr.should be_kind_of(Array)
-      attributes << attr
+    it "iterates over the attributes yielding expanded-name/value" do
+      attributes = []
+      @e.attributes.each do |attr|
+        attr.should be_kind_of(Array)
+        attributes << attr
+      end
+      attributes = attributes.sort_by {|a| a.first }
+      attributes.first.should == ["name", "Joe"]
+      attributes.last.should == ["xmlns:ns", "http://some_uri"]
     end
-    attributes = attributes.sort_by {|a| a.first }
-    attributes.first.should == ["name", "Joe"]
-    attributes.last.should == ["xmlns:ns", "http://some_uri"]
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/element_reference_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/element_reference_spec.rb
index dac7952669..86e0c57fc9 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/element_reference_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/element_reference_spec.rb
@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attributes#[]" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    @lang = REXML::Attribute.new("language", "english")
-    @e.attributes << @lang
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns the value of an attribute" do
-    @e.attributes["language"].should == "english"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Attributes#[]" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      @lang = REXML::Attribute.new("language", "english")
+      @e.attributes << @lang
+    end
+
+    it "returns the value of an attribute" do
+      @e.attributes["language"].should == "english"
+    end
 
-  it "returns nil if the attribute does not exist" do
-    @e.attributes["chunky bacon"].should == nil
+    it "returns nil if the attribute does not exist" do
+      @e.attributes["chunky bacon"].should == nil
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/element_set_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/element_set_spec.rb
index 1ed94dd2a1..90096be82c 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/element_set_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/element_set_spec.rb
@@ -1,25 +1,28 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attributes#[]=" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new("song")
-    @name = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Holy Smoke!")
-    @e.attributes << @name
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "sets an attribute" do
-    @e.attributes["author"] = "_why's foxes"
-    @e.attributes["author"].should == "_why's foxes"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Attributes#[]=" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new("song")
+      @name = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Holy Smoke!")
+      @e.attributes << @name
+    end
 
-  it "overwrites an existing attribute" do
-    @e.attributes["name"] = "Chunky Bacon"
-    @e.attributes["name"].should == "Chunky Bacon"
-  end
+    it "sets an attribute" do
+      @e.attributes["author"] = "_why's foxes"
+      @e.attributes["author"].should == "_why's foxes"
+    end
+
+    it "overwrites an existing attribute" do
+      @e.attributes["name"] = "Chunky Bacon"
+      @e.attributes["name"].should == "Chunky Bacon"
+    end
 
-  it "deletes an attribute is value is nil" do
-    @e.attributes["name"] = nil
-    @e.attributes.length.should == 0
+    it "deletes an attribute is value is nil" do
+      @e.attributes["name"] = nil
+      @e.attributes.length.should == 0
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/get_attribute_ns_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/get_attribute_ns_spec.rb
index 1664d6e42a..56ed733d37 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/get_attribute_ns_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/get_attribute_ns_spec.rb
@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attributes#get_attribute_ns" do
-  it "returns an attribute by name and namespace" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    attr = REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:ns", "http://some_url")
-    e.attributes << attr
-    attr.prefix.should == "xmlns"
-    # This might be a bug in Attribute, commenting until those specs
-    # are ready
-    # e.attributes.get_attribute_ns(attr.prefix, "name").should == "http://some_url"
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Attributes#get_attribute_ns" do
+    it "returns an attribute by name and namespace" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      attr = REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:ns", "http://some_url")
+      e.attributes << attr
+      attr.prefix.should == "xmlns"
+      # This might be a bug in Attribute, commenting until those specs
+      # are ready
+      # e.attributes.get_attribute_ns(attr.prefix, "name").should == "http://some_url"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/get_attribute_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/get_attribute_spec.rb
index cfe58c1b9e..cf08446eaf 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/get_attribute_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/get_attribute_spec.rb
@@ -1,29 +1,32 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attributes#get_attribute" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    @name = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Dave")
-    @e.attributes << @name
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "fetches an attributes" do
-    @e.attributes.get_attribute("name").should == @name
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Attributes#get_attribute" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      @name = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Dave")
+      @e.attributes << @name
+    end
 
-  it "fetches an namespaced attribute" do
-    ns_name = REXML::Attribute.new("im:name", "Murray")
-    @e.attributes << ns_name
-    @e.attributes.get_attribute("name").should == @name
-    @e.attributes.get_attribute("im:name").should == ns_name
-  end
+    it "fetches an attributes" do
+      @e.attributes.get_attribute("name").should == @name
+    end
 
-  it "returns an Attribute" do
-    @e.attributes.get_attribute("name").should be_kind_of(REXML::Attribute)
-  end
+    it "fetches an namespaced attribute" do
+      ns_name = REXML::Attribute.new("im:name", "Murray")
+      @e.attributes << ns_name
+      @e.attributes.get_attribute("name").should == @name
+      @e.attributes.get_attribute("im:name").should == ns_name
+    end
+
+    it "returns an Attribute" do
+      @e.attributes.get_attribute("name").should be_kind_of(REXML::Attribute)
+    end
 
-  it "returns nil if it attribute does not exist" do
-    @e.attributes.get_attribute("fake").should be_nil
+    it "returns nil if it attribute does not exist" do
+      @e.attributes.get_attribute("fake").should be_nil
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/initialize_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/initialize_spec.rb
index f18bd20c69..f7c9652171 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/initialize_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/initialize_spec.rb
@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attributes#initialize" do
-  it "is auto initialized by Element" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new "root"
-    e.attributes.should be_kind_of(REXML::Attributes)
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-    e.attributes << REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Paul")
-    e.attributes["name"].should == "Paul"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Attributes#initialize" do
+    it "is auto initialized by Element" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new "root"
+      e.attributes.should be_kind_of(REXML::Attributes)
+
+      e.attributes << REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Paul")
+      e.attributes["name"].should == "Paul"
+    end
 
-  it "receives a parent node" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new "root"
-    e.attributes << REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Vic")
-    e.attributes["name"].should == "Vic"
+    it "receives a parent node" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new "root"
+      e.attributes << REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Vic")
+      e.attributes["name"].should == "Vic"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/length_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/length_spec.rb
index 3a8361b8d7..60a348ef7b 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/length_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/length_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require_relative 'shared/length'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attributes#length" do
- it_behaves_like :rexml_attribute_length, :length
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require_relative 'shared/length'
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Attributes#length" do
+    it_behaves_like :rexml_attribute_length, :length
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/namespaces_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/namespaces_spec.rb
index 9e329fef6f..80c40ccc90 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/namespaces_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/namespaces_spec.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attributes#namespaces" do
-  it "needs to be reviewed for spec completeness"
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Attributes#namespaces" do
+    it "needs to be reviewed for spec completeness"
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/prefixes_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/prefixes_spec.rb
index 4675095aad..2c1e3f8705 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/prefixes_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/prefixes_spec.rb
@@ -1,24 +1,27 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attributes#prefixes" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    a1 = REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:a", "bar")
-    a2 = REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:b", "bla")
-    a3 = REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:c", "baz")
-    @e.attributes << a1
-    @e.attributes << a2
-    @e.attributes << a3
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-    @e.attributes << REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns", "foo")
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Attributes#prefixes" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      a1 = REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:a", "bar")
+      a2 = REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:b", "bla")
+      a3 = REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns:c", "baz")
+      @e.attributes << a1
+      @e.attributes << a2
+      @e.attributes << a3
 
-  it "returns an array with the prefixes of each attribute" do
-    @e.attributes.prefixes.sort.should == ["a", "b", "c"]
-  end
+      @e.attributes << REXML::Attribute.new("xmlns", "foo")
+    end
+
+    it "returns an array with the prefixes of each attribute" do
+      @e.attributes.prefixes.sort.should == ["a", "b", "c"]
+    end
 
-  it "does not include the default namespace" do
-    @e.attributes.prefixes.include?("xmlns").should == false
+    it "does not include the default namespace" do
+      @e.attributes.prefixes.include?("xmlns").should == false
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/size_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/size_spec.rb
index 3b1df9510d..e7fad6bd11 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/size_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/size_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require_relative 'shared/length'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attributes#size" do
- it_behaves_like :rexml_attribute_length, :size
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require_relative 'shared/length'
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Attributes#size" do
+    it_behaves_like :rexml_attribute_length, :size
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/to_a_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/to_a_spec.rb
index 1fbf71b683..cc98e4f0d9 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/to_a_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/attributes/to_a_spec.rb
@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Attributes#to_a" do
-  it "returns an array with the attributes" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    name = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Dave")
-    last = REXML::Attribute.new("last_name", "Murray")
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-    e.attributes << name
-    e.attributes << last
+  describe "REXML::Attributes#to_a" do
+    it "returns an array with the attributes" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      name = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Dave")
+      last = REXML::Attribute.new("last_name", "Murray")
 
-    e.attributes.to_a.sort{|a,b|a.to_s<=>b.to_s}.should == [name, last]
-  end
+      e.attributes << name
+      e.attributes << last
+
+      e.attributes.to_a.sort{|a,b|a.to_s<=>b.to_s}.should == [name, last]
+    end
 
-  it "returns an empty array if it has no attributes" do
-    REXML::Element.new("root").attributes.to_a.should == []
+    it "returns an empty array if it has no attributes" do
+      REXML::Element.new("root").attributes.to_a.should == []
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/cdata/clone_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/cdata/clone_spec.rb
index 7d3cfda902..e8e322f9a5 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/cdata/clone_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/cdata/clone_spec.rb
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::CData#clone" do
-  it "makes a copy of itself" do
-    c = REXML::CData.new("some text")
-    c.clone.to_s.should == c.to_s
-    c.clone.should == c
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::CData#clone" do
+    it "makes a copy of itself" do
+      c = REXML::CData.new("some text")
+      c.clone.to_s.should == c.to_s
+      c.clone.should == c
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/cdata/initialize_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/cdata/initialize_spec.rb
index 0184440d87..2ef1cab2b3 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/cdata/initialize_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/cdata/initialize_spec.rb
@@ -1,24 +1,27 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::CData#initialize" do
-  it "creates a new CData object" do
-    c = REXML::CData.new("some    text")
-    c.should be_kind_of(REXML::CData)
-    c.should be_kind_of(REXML::Text)
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "respects whitespace if whitespace is true" do
-    c = REXML::CData.new("whitespace     test", true)
-    c1 = REXML::CData.new("whitespace     test", false)
+  describe "REXML::CData#initialize" do
+    it "creates a new CData object" do
+      c = REXML::CData.new("some    text")
+      c.should be_kind_of(REXML::CData)
+      c.should be_kind_of(REXML::Text)
+    end
 
-    c.to_s.should == "whitespace     test"
-    c1.to_s.should == "whitespace test"
-  end
+    it "respects whitespace if whitespace is true" do
+      c = REXML::CData.new("whitespace     test", true)
+      c1 = REXML::CData.new("whitespace     test", false)
+
+      c.to_s.should == "whitespace     test"
+      c1.to_s.should == "whitespace test"
+    end
 
-  it "receives parent as third argument" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    REXML::CData.new("test", true, e)
-    e.to_s.should == "<root><![CDATA[test]]></root>"
+    it "receives parent as third argument" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      REXML::CData.new("test", true, e)
+      e.to_s.should == "<root><![CDATA[test]]></root>"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/cdata/to_s_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/cdata/to_s_spec.rb
index ff3076e55e..e42d7491b8 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/cdata/to_s_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/cdata/to_s_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require_relative 'shared/to_s'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::CData#to_s" do
-  it_behaves_like :rexml_cdata_to_s, :to_s
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require_relative 'shared/to_s'
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::CData#to_s" do
+    it_behaves_like :rexml_cdata_to_s, :to_s
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/cdata/value_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/cdata/value_spec.rb
index 6e8f8587a1..1c25cb205e 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/cdata/value_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/cdata/value_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require_relative 'shared/to_s'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::CData#value" do
-  it_behaves_like :rexml_cdata_to_s, :value
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require_relative 'shared/to_s'
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::CData#value" do
+    it_behaves_like :rexml_cdata_to_s, :value
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/add_element_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/add_element_spec.rb
index 42981d6465..cc0617c061 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/add_element_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/add_element_spec.rb
@@ -1,31 +1,34 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Document#add_element" do
-  it "adds arg1 with attributes arg2 as root node" do
-    d = REXML::Document.new
-    e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    d.add_element e
-    d.root.should == e
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "sets arg2 as arg1's attributes" do
-    d = REXML::Document.new
-    e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    attr = {"foo" => "bar"}
-    d.add_element(e,attr)
-    d.root.attributes["foo"].should == attr["foo"]
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Document#add_element" do
+    it "adds arg1 with attributes arg2 as root node" do
+      d = REXML::Document.new
+      e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      d.add_element e
+      d.root.should == e
+    end
 
-  it "accepts a node name as arg1 and adds it as root" do
-    d = REXML::Document.new
-    d.add_element "foo"
-    d.root.name.should == "foo"
-  end
+    it "sets arg2 as arg1's attributes" do
+      d = REXML::Document.new
+      e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      attr = {"foo" => "bar"}
+      d.add_element(e,attr)
+      d.root.attributes["foo"].should == attr["foo"]
+    end
+
+    it "accepts a node name as arg1 and adds it as root" do
+      d = REXML::Document.new
+      d.add_element "foo"
+      d.root.name.should == "foo"
+    end
 
-  it "sets arg1's context to the root's context" do
-    d = REXML::Document.new("", {"foo" => "bar"})
-    d.add_element "foo"
-    d.root.context.should == d.context
+    it "sets arg1's context to the root's context" do
+      d = REXML::Document.new("", {"foo" => "bar"})
+      d.add_element "foo"
+      d.root.context.should == d.context
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/add_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/add_spec.rb
index db95114e7e..10056ed1e7 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/add_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/add_spec.rb
@@ -1,57 +1,60 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-# This spec defines Document#add and Document#<<
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe :rexml_document_add, shared: true do
-  before :each do
-    @doc  = REXML::Document.new("<root/>")
-    @decl = REXML::XMLDecl.new("1.0")
-  end
+  # This spec defines Document#add and Document#<<
 
-  it "sets document's XML declaration" do
-    @doc.send(@method, @decl)
-    @doc.xml_decl.should == @decl
-  end
+  describe :rexml_document_add, shared: true do
+    before :each do
+      @doc  = REXML::Document.new("<root/>")
+      @decl = REXML::XMLDecl.new("1.0")
+    end
 
-  it "inserts XML declaration as first node" do
-    @doc.send(@method, @decl)
-    @doc.children[0].version.should == "1.0"
-  end
+    it "sets document's XML declaration" do
+      @doc.send(@method, @decl)
+      @doc.xml_decl.should == @decl
+    end
 
-  it "overwrites existing XML declaration" do
-    @doc.send(@method, @decl)
-    @doc.send(@method, REXML::XMLDecl.new("2.0"))
-    @doc.xml_decl.version.should == "2.0"
-  end
+    it "inserts XML declaration as first node" do
+      @doc.send(@method, @decl)
+      @doc.children[0].version.should == "1.0"
+    end
 
-  it "sets document DocType" do
-    @doc.send(@method, REXML::DocType.new("transitional"))
-    @doc.doctype.name.should == "transitional"
-  end
+    it "overwrites existing XML declaration" do
+      @doc.send(@method, @decl)
+      @doc.send(@method, REXML::XMLDecl.new("2.0"))
+      @doc.xml_decl.version.should == "2.0"
+    end
 
-  it "overwrites existing DocType" do
-    @doc.send(@method, REXML::DocType.new("transitional"))
-    @doc.send(@method, REXML::DocType.new("strict"))
-    @doc.doctype.name.should == "strict"
-  end
+    it "sets document DocType" do
+      @doc.send(@method, REXML::DocType.new("transitional"))
+      @doc.doctype.name.should == "transitional"
+    end
 
-  it "adds root node unless it exists" do
-    d = REXML::Document.new("")
-    elem = REXML::Element.new "root"
-    d.send(@method, elem)
-    d.root.should == elem
-  end
+    it "overwrites existing DocType" do
+      @doc.send(@method, REXML::DocType.new("transitional"))
+      @doc.send(@method, REXML::DocType.new("strict"))
+      @doc.doctype.name.should == "strict"
+    end
+
+    it "adds root node unless it exists" do
+      d = REXML::Document.new("")
+      elem = REXML::Element.new "root"
+      d.send(@method, elem)
+      d.root.should == elem
+    end
 
-  it "refuses to add second root" do
-    -> { @doc.send(@method, REXML::Element.new("foo")) }.should raise_error(RuntimeError)
+    it "refuses to add second root" do
+      -> { @doc.send(@method, REXML::Element.new("foo")) }.should raise_error(RuntimeError)
+    end
   end
-end
 
-describe "REXML::Document#add" do
-  it_behaves_like :rexml_document_add, :add
-end
+  describe "REXML::Document#add" do
+    it_behaves_like :rexml_document_add, :add
+  end
 
-describe "REXML::Document#<<" do
-  it_behaves_like :rexml_document_add, :<<
+  describe "REXML::Document#<<" do
+    it_behaves_like :rexml_document_add, :<<
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/clone_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/clone_spec.rb
index 4aebb6f156..2106c72888 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/clone_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/clone_spec.rb
@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-# According to the MRI documentation (http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/rexml/rdoc/index.html),
-# clone's behavior "should be obvious". Apparently "obvious" means cloning
-# only the attributes and the context of the document, not its children.
-describe "REXML::Document#clone" do
-  it "clones document attributes" do
-    d = REXML::Document.new("foo")
-    d.attributes["foo"] = "bar"
-    e = d.clone
-    e.attributes.should == d.attributes
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  # According to the MRI documentation (http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/rexml/rdoc/index.html),
+  # clone's behavior "should be obvious". Apparently "obvious" means cloning
+  # only the attributes and the context of the document, not its children.
+  describe "REXML::Document#clone" do
+    it "clones document attributes" do
+      d = REXML::Document.new("foo")
+      d.attributes["foo"] = "bar"
+      e = d.clone
+      e.attributes.should == d.attributes
+    end
 
-  it "clones document context" do
-    d = REXML::Document.new("foo", {"foo" => "bar"})
-    e = d.clone
-    e.context.should == d.context
+    it "clones document context" do
+      d = REXML::Document.new("foo", {"foo" => "bar"})
+      e = d.clone
+      e.context.should == d.context
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/doctype_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/doctype_spec.rb
index b919b071e1..4d14460ef4 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/doctype_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/doctype_spec.rb
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Document#doctype" do
-  it "returns the doctype" do
-    d = REXML::Document.new
-    dt = REXML::DocType.new("foo")
-    d.add dt
-    d.doctype.should == dt
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Document#doctype" do
+    it "returns the doctype" do
+      d = REXML::Document.new
+      dt = REXML::DocType.new("foo")
+      d.add dt
+      d.doctype.should == dt
+    end
 
-  it "returns nil if there's no doctype" do
-    REXML::Document.new.doctype.should == nil
+    it "returns nil if there's no doctype" do
+      REXML::Document.new.doctype.should == nil
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/encoding_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/encoding_spec.rb
index 343e0ee45f..aa140b0f6f 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/encoding_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/encoding_spec.rb
@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Document#encoding" do
-  before :each do
-    @doc = REXML::Document.new
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns encoding from XML declaration" do
-    @doc.add REXML::XMLDecl.new(nil, "UTF-16", nil)
-    @doc.encoding.should == "UTF-16"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Document#encoding" do
+    before :each do
+      @doc = REXML::Document.new
+    end
 
-  it "returns encoding from XML declaration (for UTF-16 as well)" do
-    @doc.add REXML::XMLDecl.new("1.0", "UTF-8", nil)
-    @doc.encoding.should == "UTF-8"
-  end
+    it "returns encoding from XML declaration" do
+      @doc.add REXML::XMLDecl.new(nil, "UTF-16", nil)
+      @doc.encoding.should == "UTF-16"
+    end
+
+    it "returns encoding from XML declaration (for UTF-16 as well)" do
+      @doc.add REXML::XMLDecl.new("1.0", "UTF-8", nil)
+      @doc.encoding.should == "UTF-8"
+    end
 
-  it "uses UTF-8 as default encoding" do
-    @doc.encoding.should == "UTF-8"
+    it "uses UTF-8 as default encoding" do
+      @doc.encoding.should == "UTF-8"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/expanded_name_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/expanded_name_spec.rb
index 1225d13fb0..4f53914326 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/expanded_name_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/expanded_name_spec.rb
@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe :document_expanded_name, shared: true do
-  it "returns an empty string for root" do # root nodes have no expanded name
-    REXML::Document.new.send(@method).should == ""
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe :document_expanded_name, shared: true do
+    it "returns an empty string for root" do # root nodes have no expanded name
+      REXML::Document.new.send(@method).should == ""
+    end
   end
-end
 
-describe "REXML::Document#expanded_name" do
-  it_behaves_like :document_expanded_name, :expanded_name
-end
+  describe "REXML::Document#expanded_name" do
+    it_behaves_like :document_expanded_name, :expanded_name
+  end
 
-describe "REXML::Document#name" do
-  it_behaves_like :document_expanded_name, :name
+  describe "REXML::Document#name" do
+    it_behaves_like :document_expanded_name, :name
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/new_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/new_spec.rb
index 3ff5e99b25..52b20341f4 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/new_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/new_spec.rb
@@ -1,36 +1,39 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Document#new" do
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "initializes context of {} unless specified" do
-    d = REXML::Document.new("<foo />")
-    d.context.should == {}
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Document#new" do
 
-  it "has empty attributes if source is nil" do
-    d = REXML::Document.new(nil)
-    d.elements.should be_empty
-  end
+    it "initializes context of {} unless specified" do
+      d = REXML::Document.new("<foo />")
+      d.context.should == {}
+    end
 
-  it "can use other document context" do
-    s = REXML::Document.new("")
-    d = REXML::Document.new(s)
-    d.context.should == s.context
-  end
+    it "has empty attributes if source is nil" do
+      d = REXML::Document.new(nil)
+      d.elements.should be_empty
+    end
 
-  it "clones source attributes" do
-    s = REXML::Document.new("<root />")
-    s.attributes["some_attr"] = "some_val"
-    d = REXML::Document.new(s)
-    d.attributes.should == s.attributes
-  end
+    it "can use other document context" do
+      s = REXML::Document.new("")
+      d = REXML::Document.new(s)
+      d.context.should == s.context
+    end
 
-  it "raises an error if source is not a Document, String or IO" do
-    -> {REXML::Document.new(3)}.should raise_error(RuntimeError)
-  end
+    it "clones source attributes" do
+      s = REXML::Document.new("<root />")
+      s.attributes["some_attr"] = "some_val"
+      d = REXML::Document.new(s)
+      d.attributes.should == s.attributes
+    end
+
+    it "raises an error if source is not a Document, String or IO" do
+      -> {REXML::Document.new(3)}.should raise_error(RuntimeError)
+    end
 
-  it "does not perform XML validation" do
-    REXML::Document.new("Invalid document").should be_kind_of(REXML::Document)
+    it "does not perform XML validation" do
+      REXML::Document.new("Invalid document").should be_kind_of(REXML::Document)
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/node_type_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/node_type_spec.rb
index 85a4d507aa..13aa6a6eb5 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/node_type_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/node_type_spec.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Document#node_type" do
-  it "returns :document" do
-    REXML::Document.new.node_type.should == :document
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Document#node_type" do
+    it "returns :document" do
+      REXML::Document.new.node_type.should == :document
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/root_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/root_spec.rb
index 3c24e79b2d..e01b0fa67c 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/root_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/root_spec.rb
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Document#root" do
-  it "returns document root tag name" do
-    REXML::Document.new("<foo/>").root.name.should == "foo"
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Document#root" do
+    it "returns document root tag name" do
+      REXML::Document.new("<foo/>").root.name.should == "foo"
+    end
 
-  it "returns nil if there is not root" do
-    REXML::Document.new.root.should == nil
+    it "returns nil if there is not root" do
+      REXML::Document.new.root.should == nil
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/stand_alone_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/stand_alone_spec.rb
index 4ac24329d6..667b2c0184 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/stand_alone_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/stand_alone_spec.rb
@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Document#stand_alone?" do
-  it "returns the XMLDecl standalone value" do
-    d = REXML::Document.new
-    decl = REXML::XMLDecl.new("1.0", "UTF-8", "yes")
-    d.add decl
-    d.stand_alone?.should == "yes"
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  # According to the docs this should return the default XMLDecl but that
-  # will carry some more problems when printing the document. Currently, it
-  # returns nil. See http://www.ruby-forum.com/topic/146812#650061
-  it "returns the default value when no XML declaration present" do
-    REXML::Document.new.stand_alone?.should == nil
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Document#stand_alone?" do
+    it "returns the XMLDecl standalone value" do
+      d = REXML::Document.new
+      decl = REXML::XMLDecl.new("1.0", "UTF-8", "yes")
+      d.add decl
+      d.stand_alone?.should == "yes"
+    end
 
+    # According to the docs this should return the default XMLDecl but that
+    # will carry some more problems when printing the document. Currently, it
+    # returns nil. See http://www.ruby-forum.com/topic/146812#650061
+    it "returns the default value when no XML declaration present" do
+      REXML::Document.new.stand_alone?.should == nil
+    end
+
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/version_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/version_spec.rb
index 983b4b9af0..8e0f66cb07 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/version_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/version_spec.rb
@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Document#version" do
-  it "returns XML version from declaration" do
-    d = REXML::Document.new
-    d.add REXML::XMLDecl.new("1.1")
-    d.version.should == "1.1"
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Document#version" do
+    it "returns XML version from declaration" do
+      d = REXML::Document.new
+      d.add REXML::XMLDecl.new("1.1")
+      d.version.should == "1.1"
+    end
 
-  it "returns the default version when declaration is not present" do
-    REXML::Document.new.version.should == REXML::XMLDecl::DEFAULT_VERSION
+    it "returns the default version when declaration is not present" do
+      REXML::Document.new.version.should == REXML::XMLDecl::DEFAULT_VERSION
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/write_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/write_spec.rb
index efa94b7117..774c12982c 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/write_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/write_spec.rb
@@ -1,35 +1,38 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
-require 'rexml/formatters/transitive'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-# Maybe this can be cleaned
-describe "REXML::Document#write" do
-  before :each do
-    @d      = REXML::Document.new
-    city    = REXML::Element.new "Springfield"
-    street  = REXML::Element.new "EvergreenTerrace"
-    address = REXML::Element.new "House742"
-    @d << city << street << address
-    @str = ""
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+  require 'rexml/formatters/transitive'
 
-  it "returns document source as string" do
-    @d.write(@str)
-    @str.should == "<Springfield><EvergreenTerrace><House742/></EvergreenTerrace></Springfield>"
-  end
+  # Maybe this can be cleaned
+  describe "REXML::Document#write" do
+    before :each do
+      @d      = REXML::Document.new
+      city    = REXML::Element.new "Springfield"
+      street  = REXML::Element.new "EvergreenTerrace"
+      address = REXML::Element.new "House742"
+      @d << city << street << address
+      @str = ""
+    end
 
-  it "returns document indented" do
-    @d.write(@str, 2)
-    @str.should =~ /\s*<Springfield>\s*<EvergreenTerrace>\s*<House742\/>\s*<\/EvergreenTerrace>\s*<\/Springfield>/
-  end
+    it "returns document source as string" do
+      @d.write(@str)
+      @str.should == "<Springfield><EvergreenTerrace><House742/></EvergreenTerrace></Springfield>"
+    end
 
-  it "returns document with transitive support" do
-    @d.write(@str, 2, true)
-    @str.should =~ /\s*<Springfield\s*><EvergreenTerrace\s*><House742\s*\/><\/EvergreenTerrace\s*><\/Springfield\s*>/
-  end
+    it "returns document indented" do
+      @d.write(@str, 2)
+      @str.should =~ /\s*<Springfield>\s*<EvergreenTerrace>\s*<House742\/>\s*<\/EvergreenTerrace>\s*<\/Springfield>/
+    end
+
+    it "returns document with transitive support" do
+      @d.write(@str, 2, true)
+      @str.should =~ /\s*<Springfield\s*><EvergreenTerrace\s*><House742\s*\/><\/EvergreenTerrace\s*><\/Springfield\s*>/
+    end
 
-  it "returns document with support for IE" do
-    @d.write(@str, -1, false, true)
-    @str.should ==  "<Springfield><EvergreenTerrace><House742 /></EvergreenTerrace></Springfield>"
+    it "returns document with support for IE" do
+      @d.write(@str, -1, false, true)
+      @str.should ==  "<Springfield><EvergreenTerrace><House742 /></EvergreenTerrace></Springfield>"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/xml_decl_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/xml_decl_spec.rb
index 30288a150b..6862c7bb6b 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/xml_decl_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/document/xml_decl_spec.rb
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Document#xml_decl" do
-  it "returns XML declaration of the document" do
-    d = REXML::Document.new
-    decl = REXML::XMLDecl.new("1.0", "UTF-16", "yes")
-    d.add decl
-    d.xml_decl.should == decl
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Document#xml_decl" do
+    it "returns XML declaration of the document" do
+      d = REXML::Document.new
+      decl = REXML::XMLDecl.new("1.0", "UTF-16", "yes")
+      d.add decl
+      d.xml_decl.should == decl
+    end
 
-  it "returns default XML declaration unless present" do
-    REXML::Document.new.xml_decl.should == REXML::XMLDecl.new
+    it "returns default XML declaration unless present" do
+      REXML::Document.new.xml_decl.should == REXML::XMLDecl.new
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_attribute_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_attribute_spec.rb
index d15fb81ef1..b688f1db65 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_attribute_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_attribute_spec.rb
@@ -1,41 +1,44 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#add_attribute" do
-  before :each do
-    @person = REXML::Element.new "person"
-    @person.attributes["name"] = "Bill"
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "adds a new attribute" do
-    @person.add_attribute("age", "17")
-    @person.attributes["age"].should == "17"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#add_attribute" do
+    before :each do
+      @person = REXML::Element.new "person"
+      @person.attributes["name"] = "Bill"
+    end
 
-  it "overwrites an existing attribute" do
-    @person.add_attribute("name", "Bill")
-    @person.attributes["name"].should == "Bill"
-  end
+    it "adds a new attribute" do
+      @person.add_attribute("age", "17")
+      @person.attributes["age"].should == "17"
+    end
 
-  it "accepts a pair of strings" do
-    @person.add_attribute("male", "true")
-    @person.attributes["male"].should == "true"
-  end
+    it "overwrites an existing attribute" do
+      @person.add_attribute("name", "Bill")
+      @person.attributes["name"].should == "Bill"
+    end
 
-  it "accepts an Attribute for key" do
-    attr = REXML::Attribute.new("male", "true")
-    @person.add_attribute attr
-    @person.attributes["male"].should == "true"
-  end
+    it "accepts a pair of strings" do
+      @person.add_attribute("male", "true")
+      @person.attributes["male"].should == "true"
+    end
 
-  it "ignores value if key is an Attribute" do
-    attr = REXML::Attribute.new("male", "true")
-    @person.add_attribute(attr, "false")
-    @person.attributes["male"].should == "true"
-  end
+    it "accepts an Attribute for key" do
+      attr = REXML::Attribute.new("male", "true")
+      @person.add_attribute attr
+      @person.attributes["male"].should == "true"
+    end
+
+    it "ignores value if key is an Attribute" do
+      attr = REXML::Attribute.new("male", "true")
+      @person.add_attribute(attr, "false")
+      @person.attributes["male"].should == "true"
+    end
 
-  it "returns the attribute added" do
-    attr = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Tony")
-    @person.add_attribute(attr).should == attr
+    it "returns the attribute added" do
+      attr = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Tony")
+      @person.add_attribute(attr).should == attr
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_attributes_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_attributes_spec.rb
index b462fdf5fe..8e7e991f11 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_attributes_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_attributes_spec.rb
@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#add_attributes" do
-  before :each do
-    @person = REXML::Element.new "person"
-    @person.attributes["name"] = "Bill"
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "adds multiple attributes from a hash" do
-    @person.add_attributes({"name" => "Joe", "age" => "27"})
-    @person.attributes["name"].should == "Joe"
-    @person.attributes["age"].should == "27"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#add_attributes" do
+    before :each do
+      @person = REXML::Element.new "person"
+      @person.attributes["name"] = "Bill"
+    end
+
+    it "adds multiple attributes from a hash" do
+      @person.add_attributes({"name" => "Joe", "age" => "27"})
+      @person.attributes["name"].should == "Joe"
+      @person.attributes["age"].should == "27"
+    end
 
-  it "adds multiple attributes from an array" do
-    attrs =  { "name" => "Joe", "age" => "27"}
-    @person.add_attributes attrs.to_a
-    @person.attributes["name"].should == "Joe"
-    @person.attributes["age"].should == "27"
+    it "adds multiple attributes from an array" do
+      attrs =  { "name" => "Joe", "age" => "27"}
+      @person.add_attributes attrs.to_a
+      @person.attributes["name"].should == "Joe"
+      @person.attributes["age"].should == "27"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_element_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_element_spec.rb
index 8e2ffe3148..90fb36f8e3 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_element_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_element_spec.rb
@@ -1,39 +1,41 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#add_element" do
-  before :each do
-    @root = REXML::Element.new("root")
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#add_element" do
+    before :each do
+      @root = REXML::Element.new("root")
+    end
 
-  it "adds a child without attributes" do
-    name = REXML::Element.new("name")
-    @root.add_element name
-    @root.elements["name"].name.should == name.name
-    @root.elements["name"].attributes.should == name.attributes
-    @root.elements["name"].context.should == name.context
-  end
+    it "adds a child without attributes" do
+      name = REXML::Element.new("name")
+      @root.add_element name
+      @root.elements["name"].name.should == name.name
+      @root.elements["name"].attributes.should == name.attributes
+      @root.elements["name"].context.should == name.context
+    end
 
-  it "adds a child with attributes" do
-    person = REXML::Element.new("person")
-    @root.add_element(person, {"name" => "Madonna"})
-    @root.elements["person"].name.should == person.name
-    @root.elements["person"].attributes.should == person.attributes
-    @root.elements["person"].context.should == person.context
-  end
+    it "adds a child with attributes" do
+      person = REXML::Element.new("person")
+      @root.add_element(person, {"name" => "Madonna"})
+      @root.elements["person"].name.should == person.name
+      @root.elements["person"].attributes.should == person.attributes
+      @root.elements["person"].context.should == person.context
+    end
 
-  it "adds a child with name" do
-    @root.add_element "name"
-    @root.elements["name"].name.should == "name"
-    @root.elements["name"].attributes.should == {}
-    @root.elements["name"].context.should == nil
-  end
+    it "adds a child with name" do
+      @root.add_element "name"
+      @root.elements["name"].name.should == "name"
+      @root.elements["name"].attributes.should == {}
+      @root.elements["name"].context.should == nil
+    end
 
-  it "returns the added child" do
-    name = @root.add_element "name"
-    @root.elements["name"].name.should == name.name
-    @root.elements["name"].attributes.should == name.attributes
-    @root.elements["name"].context.should == name.context
+    it "returns the added child" do
+      name = @root.add_element "name"
+      @root.elements["name"].name.should == name.name
+      @root.elements["name"].attributes.should == name.attributes
+      @root.elements["name"].context.should == name.context
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_namespace_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_namespace_spec.rb
index 77c00eec46..5e601dcf28 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_namespace_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_namespace_spec.rb
@@ -1,23 +1,26 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#add_namespace" do
-  before :each do
-    @elem = REXML::Element.new("person")
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "adds a namespace to element" do
-    @elem.add_namespace("foo", "bar")
-    @elem.namespace("foo").should == "bar"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#add_namespace" do
+    before :each do
+      @elem = REXML::Element.new("person")
+    end
 
-  it "accepts a prefix string as prefix" do
-    @elem.add_namespace("xmlns:foo", "bar")
-    @elem.namespace("foo").should == "bar"
-  end
+    it "adds a namespace to element" do
+      @elem.add_namespace("foo", "bar")
+      @elem.namespace("foo").should == "bar"
+    end
+
+    it "accepts a prefix string as prefix" do
+      @elem.add_namespace("xmlns:foo", "bar")
+      @elem.namespace("foo").should == "bar"
+    end
 
-  it "uses prefix as URI if uri is nil" do
-    @elem.add_namespace("some_uri", nil)
-    @elem.namespace.should == "some_uri"
+    it "uses prefix as URI if uri is nil" do
+      @elem.add_namespace("some_uri", nil)
+      @elem.namespace.should == "some_uri"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_text_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_text_spec.rb
index 54e127bf4b..200d748e61 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_text_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/add_text_spec.rb
@@ -1,24 +1,27 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#add_text" do
-  before :each do
-    @name = REXML::Element.new "Name"
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "adds text to an element" do
-    @name.add_text "Ringo"
-    @name.to_s.should == "<Name>Ringo</Name>"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#add_text" do
+    before :each do
+      @name = REXML::Element.new "Name"
+    end
 
-  it "accepts a Text" do
-    @name.add_text(REXML::Text.new("Ringo"))
-    @name.to_s.should == "<Name>Ringo</Name>"
-  end
+    it "adds text to an element" do
+      @name.add_text "Ringo"
+      @name.to_s.should == "<Name>Ringo</Name>"
+    end
+
+    it "accepts a Text" do
+      @name.add_text(REXML::Text.new("Ringo"))
+      @name.to_s.should == "<Name>Ringo</Name>"
+    end
 
-  it "joins the new text with the old one" do
-    @name.add_text "Ringo"
-    @name.add_text " Starr"
-    @name.to_s.should == "<Name>Ringo Starr</Name>"
+    it "joins the new text with the old one" do
+      @name.add_text "Ringo"
+      @name.add_text " Starr"
+      @name.to_s.should == "<Name>Ringo Starr</Name>"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/attribute_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/attribute_spec.rb
index e40d612ef3..7b2c26658a 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/attribute_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/attribute_spec.rb
@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#attribute" do
-  it "returns an attribute by name" do
-    person = REXML::Element.new "Person"
-    attribute = REXML::Attribute.new("drink", "coffee")
-    person.add_attribute(attribute)
-    person.attribute("drink").should == attribute
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Element#attribute" do
+    it "returns an attribute by name" do
+      person = REXML::Element.new "Person"
+      attribute = REXML::Attribute.new("drink", "coffee")
+      person.add_attribute(attribute)
+      person.attribute("drink").should == attribute
+    end
 
-  it "supports attributes inside namespaces" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new("element")
-    e.add_attributes({"xmlns:ns" => "http://some_uri"})
-    e.attribute("ns", "ns").to_s.should == "http://some_uri"
+    it "supports attributes inside namespaces" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new("element")
+      e.add_attributes({"xmlns:ns" => "http://some_uri"})
+      e.attribute("ns", "ns").to_s.should == "http://some_uri"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/attributes_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/attributes_spec.rb
index 8959b769a8..79a3368a9e 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/attributes_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/attributes_spec.rb
@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#attributes" do
-  it "returns element's Attributes" do
-    p = REXML::Element.new "Person"
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-    name = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "John")
-    attrs = REXML::Attributes.new(p)
-    attrs.add name
+  describe "REXML::Element#attributes" do
+    it "returns element's Attributes" do
+      p = REXML::Element.new "Person"
 
-    p.add_attribute name
-    p.attributes.should == attrs
-  end
+      name = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "John")
+      attrs = REXML::Attributes.new(p)
+      attrs.add name
+
+      p.add_attribute name
+      p.attributes.should == attrs
+    end
 
-  it "returns an empty hash if element has no attributes" do
-    REXML::Element.new("Person").attributes.should == {}
+    it "returns an empty hash if element has no attributes" do
+      REXML::Element.new("Person").attributes.should == {}
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/cdatas_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/cdatas_spec.rb
index a371a5734b..4cc592aae3 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/cdatas_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/cdatas_spec.rb
@@ -1,24 +1,27 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#cdatas" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new("Root")
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns the array of children cdatas" do
-    c = REXML::CData.new("Primary")
-    d = REXML::CData.new("Secondary")
-    @e << c
-    @e << d
-    @e.cdatas.should == [c, d]
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#cdatas" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new("Root")
+    end
 
-  it "freezes the returned array" do
-    @e.cdatas.frozen?.should == true
-  end
+    it "returns the array of children cdatas" do
+      c = REXML::CData.new("Primary")
+      d = REXML::CData.new("Secondary")
+      @e << c
+      @e << d
+      @e.cdatas.should == [c, d]
+    end
+
+    it "freezes the returned array" do
+      @e.cdatas.frozen?.should == true
+    end
 
-  it "returns an empty array if element has no cdata" do
-    @e.cdatas.should == []
+    it "returns an empty array if element has no cdata" do
+      @e.cdatas.should == []
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/clone_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/clone_spec.rb
index d26392db41..06948585a4 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/clone_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/clone_spec.rb
@@ -1,29 +1,32 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#clone" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new "a"
-  end
-  it "creates a copy of element" do
-    @e.clone.to_s.should == @e.to_s
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "copies the attributes" do
-    @e.add_attribute("foo", "bar")
-    @e.clone.to_s.should == @e.to_s
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#clone" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new "a"
+    end
+    it "creates a copy of element" do
+      @e.clone.to_s.should == @e.to_s
+    end
 
-  it "does not copy the text" do
-    @e.add_text "some text..."
-    @e.clone.to_s.should_not == @e
-    @e.clone.to_s.should == "<a/>"
-  end
+    it "copies the attributes" do
+      @e.add_attribute("foo", "bar")
+      @e.clone.to_s.should == @e.to_s
+    end
+
+    it "does not copy the text" do
+      @e.add_text "some text..."
+      @e.clone.to_s.should_not == @e
+      @e.clone.to_s.should == "<a/>"
+    end
 
-  it "does not copy the child elements" do
-    b = REXML::Element.new "b"
-    @e << b
-    @e.clone.should_not == @e
-    @e.clone.to_s.should == "<a/>"
+    it "does not copy the child elements" do
+      b = REXML::Element.new "b"
+      @e << b
+      @e.clone.should_not == @e
+      @e.clone.to_s.should == "<a/>"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/comments_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/comments_spec.rb
index 9dac2cc5b8..59a0b3e4fb 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/comments_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/comments_spec.rb
@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#comments" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new "root"
-    @c1 = REXML::Comment.new "this is a comment"
-    @c2 = REXML::Comment.new "this is another comment"
-    @e << @c1
-    @e << @c2
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns the array of comments" do
-    @e.comments.should == [@c1, @c2]
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#comments" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new "root"
+      @c1 = REXML::Comment.new "this is a comment"
+      @c2 = REXML::Comment.new "this is another comment"
+      @e << @c1
+      @e << @c2
+    end
+
+    it "returns the array of comments" do
+      @e.comments.should == [@c1, @c2]
+    end
 
-  it "returns a frozen object" do
-    @e.comments.frozen?.should == true
+    it "returns a frozen object" do
+      @e.comments.frozen?.should == true
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/delete_attribute_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/delete_attribute_spec.rb
index 5c55c5efda..9d8669e405 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/delete_attribute_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/delete_attribute_spec.rb
@@ -1,39 +1,43 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#delete_attribute" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new("Person")
-    @attr = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Sean")
-    @e.add_attribute(@attr)
-  end
-
-  it "deletes an attribute from the element" do
-    @e.delete_attribute("name")
-    @e.attributes["name"].should be_nil
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-#  Bug was filled with a patch in Ruby's tracker #20298
-  quarantine! do
-    it "receives an Attribute" do
+  describe "REXML::Element#delete_attribute" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new("Person")
+      @attr = REXML::Attribute.new("name", "Sean")
       @e.add_attribute(@attr)
-      @e.delete_attribute(@attr)
+    end
+
+    it "deletes an attribute from the element" do
+      @e.delete_attribute("name")
       @e.attributes["name"].should be_nil
     end
-  end
 
-  # Docs say that it returns the removed attribute but then examples
-  # show it returns the element with the attribute removed.
-  # Also fixed in #20298
-  it "returns the element with the attribute removed" do
-    elem = @e.delete_attribute("name")
-    elem.attributes.should be_empty
-    elem.to_s.should eql("<Person/>")
-  end
+    # Bug was filled with a patch in Ruby's tracker #20298
+    quarantine! do
+      it "receives an Attribute" do
+        @e.add_attribute(@attr)
+        @e.delete_attribute(@attr)
+        @e.attributes["name"].should be_nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Docs say that it returns the removed attribute but then examples
+    # show it returns the element with the attribute removed.
+    # Also fixed in #20298
+    it "returns the element with the attribute removed" do
+      elem = @e.delete_attribute("name")
+      elem.attributes.should be_empty
+      elem.to_s.should eql("<Person/>")
+    end
 
-  it "returns nil if the attribute does not exist" do
-    @e.delete_attribute("name")
-    at = @e.delete_attribute("name")
-    at.should be_nil
+    it "returns nil if the attribute does not exist" do
+      @e.delete_attribute("name")
+      at = @e.delete_attribute("name")
+      at.should be_nil
+    end
   end
 end
+
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/delete_element_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/delete_element_spec.rb
index 9417229bd4..f2c50eb95e 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/delete_element_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/delete_element_spec.rb
@@ -1,49 +1,52 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#delete_element" do
-  before :each do
-    @root = REXML::Element.new("root")
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "deletes the child element" do
-    node = REXML::Element.new("some_node")
-    @root.add_element node
-    @root.delete_element node
-    @root.elements.size.should == 0
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#delete_element" do
+    before :each do
+      @root = REXML::Element.new("root")
+    end
 
-  it "deletes a child via XPath" do
-    @root.add_element "some_node"
-    @root.delete_element "some_node"
-    @root.elements.size.should == 0
-  end
+    it "deletes the child element" do
+      node = REXML::Element.new("some_node")
+      @root.add_element node
+      @root.delete_element node
+      @root.elements.size.should == 0
+    end
 
-  it "deletes the child at index" do
-    @root.add_element "some_node"
-    @root.delete_element 1
-    @root.elements.size.should == 0
-  end
+    it "deletes a child via XPath" do
+      @root.add_element "some_node"
+      @root.delete_element "some_node"
+      @root.elements.size.should == 0
+    end
 
-  # According to the docs this should return the deleted element
-  # but it won't if it's an Element.
-  it "deletes Element and returns it" do
-    node = REXML::Element.new("some_node")
-    @root.add_element node
-    del_node = @root.delete_element node
-    del_node.should == node
-  end
+    it "deletes the child at index" do
+      @root.add_element "some_node"
+      @root.delete_element 1
+      @root.elements.size.should == 0
+    end
 
-  # Note how passing the string will return the removed element
-  # but passing the Element as above won't.
-  it "deletes an element and returns it" do
-    node = REXML::Element.new("some_node")
-    @root.add_element node
-    del_node = @root.delete_element "some_node"
-    del_node.should == node
-  end
+    # According to the docs this should return the deleted element
+    # but it won't if it's an Element.
+    it "deletes Element and returns it" do
+      node = REXML::Element.new("some_node")
+      @root.add_element node
+      del_node = @root.delete_element node
+      del_node.should == node
+    end
+
+    # Note how passing the string will return the removed element
+    # but passing the Element as above won't.
+    it "deletes an element and returns it" do
+      node = REXML::Element.new("some_node")
+      @root.add_element node
+      del_node = @root.delete_element "some_node"
+      del_node.should == node
+    end
 
-  it "returns nil unless element exists" do
-    @root.delete_element("something").should == nil
+    it "returns nil unless element exists" do
+      @root.delete_element("something").should == nil
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/delete_namespace_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/delete_namespace_spec.rb
index 8683a40cab..4b37c2c41c 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/delete_namespace_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/delete_namespace_spec.rb
@@ -1,25 +1,28 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#delete_namespace" do
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  before :each do
-    @doc = REXML::Document.new "<a xmlns:foo='bar' xmlns='twiddle'/>"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#delete_namespace" do
 
-  it "deletes a namespace from the element" do
-    @doc.root.delete_namespace 'foo'
-    @doc.root.namespace("foo").should be_nil
-    @doc.root.to_s.should == "<a xmlns='twiddle'/>"
-  end
+    before :each do
+      @doc = REXML::Document.new "<a xmlns:foo='bar' xmlns='twiddle'/>"
+    end
 
-  it "deletes default namespace when called with no args" do
-    @doc.root.delete_namespace
-    @doc.root.namespace.should be_empty
-    @doc.root.to_s.should == "<a xmlns:foo='bar'/>"
-  end
+    it "deletes a namespace from the element" do
+      @doc.root.delete_namespace 'foo'
+      @doc.root.namespace("foo").should be_nil
+      @doc.root.to_s.should == "<a xmlns='twiddle'/>"
+    end
+
+    it "deletes default namespace when called with no args" do
+      @doc.root.delete_namespace
+      @doc.root.namespace.should be_empty
+      @doc.root.to_s.should == "<a xmlns:foo='bar'/>"
+    end
 
-  it "returns the element" do
-    @doc.root.delete_namespace.should == @doc.root
+    it "returns the element" do
+      @doc.root.delete_namespace.should == @doc.root
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/document_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/document_spec.rb
index 24773580f2..c9f74c4056 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/document_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/document_spec.rb
@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#document" do
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns the element's document" do
-    d = REXML::Document.new("<root><elem/></root>")
-    d << REXML::XMLDecl.new
-    d.root.document.should == d
-    d.root.document.to_s.should == d.to_s
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#document" do
+
+    it "returns the element's document" do
+      d = REXML::Document.new("<root><elem/></root>")
+      d << REXML::XMLDecl.new
+      d.root.document.should == d
+      d.root.document.to_s.should == d.to_s
+    end
 
-  it "returns nil if it belongs to no document" do
-    REXML::Element.new("standalone").document.should be_nil
+    it "returns nil if it belongs to no document" do
+      REXML::Element.new("standalone").document.should be_nil
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/each_element_with_attribute_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/each_element_with_attribute_spec.rb
index 3c5da3f015..5d6f4b371a 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/each_element_with_attribute_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/each_element_with_attribute_spec.rb
@@ -1,35 +1,38 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#each_element_with_attributes" do
-  before :each do
-    @document = REXML::Element.new("people")
-    @father = REXML::Element.new("Person")
-    @father.attributes["name"] = "Joe"
-    @son = REXML::Element.new("Child")
-    @son.attributes["name"] = "Fred"
-    @document.root << @father
-    @document.root << @son
-    @childs = []
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns childs with attribute" do
-    @document.each_element_with_attribute("name") { |elem| @childs << elem }
-    @childs[0].should == @father
-    @childs[1].should == @son
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#each_element_with_attributes" do
+    before :each do
+      @document = REXML::Element.new("people")
+      @father = REXML::Element.new("Person")
+      @father.attributes["name"] = "Joe"
+      @son = REXML::Element.new("Child")
+      @son.attributes["name"] = "Fred"
+      @document.root << @father
+      @document.root << @son
+      @childs = []
+    end
 
-  it "takes attribute value as second argument" do
-    @document.each_element_with_attribute("name", "Fred"){ |elem| elem.should == @son }
-  end
+    it "returns childs with attribute" do
+      @document.each_element_with_attribute("name") { |elem| @childs << elem }
+      @childs[0].should == @father
+      @childs[1].should == @son
+    end
 
-  it "takes max number of childs as third argument" do
-    @document.each_element_with_attribute("name", nil, 1) { |elem| @childs << elem }
-    @childs.size.should == 1
-    @childs[0].should == @father
-  end
+    it "takes attribute value as second argument" do
+      @document.each_element_with_attribute("name", "Fred"){ |elem| elem.should == @son }
+    end
+
+    it "takes max number of childs as third argument" do
+      @document.each_element_with_attribute("name", nil, 1) { |elem| @childs << elem }
+      @childs.size.should == 1
+      @childs[0].should == @father
+    end
 
-  it "takes XPath filter as fourth argument" do
-    @document.each_element_with_attribute("name", nil, 0, "Child"){ |elem| elem.should == @son}
+    it "takes XPath filter as fourth argument" do
+      @document.each_element_with_attribute("name", nil, 0, "Child"){ |elem| elem.should == @son}
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/each_element_with_text_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/each_element_with_text_spec.rb
index 5f9e5b85dc..65f5ea5f11 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/each_element_with_text_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/each_element_with_text_spec.rb
@@ -1,31 +1,34 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#each_element_with_text" do
-  before :each do
-    @document = REXML::Element.new("people")
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-    @joe = REXML::Element.new("Person")
-    @joe.text = "Joe"
-    @fred = REXML::Element.new("Person")
-    @fred.text = "Fred"
-    @another = REXML::Element.new("AnotherPerson")
-    @another.text = "Fred"
-    @document.root << @joe
-    @document.root << @fred
-    @document.root << @another
-    @childs = []
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#each_element_with_text" do
+    before :each do
+      @document = REXML::Element.new("people")
 
-  it "returns childs with text" do
-    @document.each_element_with_text("Joe"){|c| c.should == @joe}
-  end
+      @joe = REXML::Element.new("Person")
+      @joe.text = "Joe"
+      @fred = REXML::Element.new("Person")
+      @fred.text = "Fred"
+      @another = REXML::Element.new("AnotherPerson")
+      @another.text = "Fred"
+      @document.root << @joe
+      @document.root << @fred
+      @document.root << @another
+      @childs = []
+    end
 
-  it "takes max as second argument" do
-    @document.each_element_with_text("Fred", 1){ |c| c.should == @fred}
-  end
+    it "returns childs with text" do
+      @document.each_element_with_text("Joe"){|c| c.should == @joe}
+    end
+
+    it "takes max as second argument" do
+      @document.each_element_with_text("Fred", 1){ |c| c.should == @fred}
+    end
 
-  it "takes XPath filter as third argument" do
-    @document.each_element_with_text("Fred", 0, "Person"){ |c| c.should == @fred}
+    it "takes XPath filter as third argument" do
+      @document.each_element_with_text("Fred", 0, "Person"){ |c| c.should == @fred}
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/element_reference_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/element_reference_spec.rb
index 9660ff7507..0deaf990eb 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/element_reference_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/element_reference_spec.rb
@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#[]" do
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  before :each do
-    @doc = REXML::Document.new("<root foo='bar'></root>")
-    @child = REXML::Element.new("child")
-    @doc.root.add_element @child
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#[]" do
 
-  it "return attribute value if argument is string or symbol" do
-    @doc.root[:foo].should == 'bar'
-    @doc.root['foo'].should == 'bar'
-  end
+    before :each do
+      @doc = REXML::Document.new("<root foo='bar'></root>")
+      @child = REXML::Element.new("child")
+      @doc.root.add_element @child
+    end
+
+    it "return attribute value if argument is string or symbol" do
+      @doc.root[:foo].should == 'bar'
+      @doc.root['foo'].should == 'bar'
+    end
 
-  it "return nth element if argument is int" do
-    @doc.root[0].should == @child
+    it "return nth element if argument is int" do
+      @doc.root[0].should == @child
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/get_text_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/get_text_spec.rb
index 8ee9ea0824..cfdc758acd 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/get_text_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/get_text_spec.rb
@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#get_text" do
-  before :each do
-    @doc = REXML::Document.new "<p>some text<b>this is bold!</b> more text</p>"
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns the first text child node" do
-    @doc.root.get_text.value.should == "some text"
-    @doc.root.get_text.should be_kind_of(REXML::Text)
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#get_text" do
+    before :each do
+      @doc = REXML::Document.new "<p>some text<b>this is bold!</b> more text</p>"
+    end
+
+    it "returns the first text child node" do
+      @doc.root.get_text.value.should == "some text"
+      @doc.root.get_text.should be_kind_of(REXML::Text)
+    end
 
-  it "returns text from an element matching path" do
-    @doc.root.get_text("b").value.should == "this is bold!"
-    @doc.root.get_text("b").should be_kind_of(REXML::Text)
+    it "returns text from an element matching path" do
+      @doc.root.get_text("b").value.should == "this is bold!"
+      @doc.root.get_text("b").should be_kind_of(REXML::Text)
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/has_attributes_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/has_attributes_spec.rb
index f89ec675f5..83d71396c4 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/has_attributes_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/has_attributes_spec.rb
@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#has_attributes?" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new("test_elem")
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns true when element has any attributes" do
-    @e.add_attribute("name", "Joe")
-    @e.has_attributes?.should be_true
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#has_attributes?" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new("test_elem")
+    end
+
+    it "returns true when element has any attributes" do
+      @e.add_attribute("name", "Joe")
+      @e.has_attributes?.should be_true
+    end
 
-  it "returns false if element has no attributes" do
-    @e.has_attributes?.should be_false
+    it "returns false if element has no attributes" do
+      @e.has_attributes?.should be_false
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/has_elements_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/has_elements_spec.rb
index dc5fc9c25b..815a987ca0 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/has_elements_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/has_elements_spec.rb
@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#has_elements?" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns true if element has child elements" do
-    child = REXML::Element.new("child")
-    @e << child
-    @e.has_elements?.should be_true
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#has_elements?" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+    end
+
+    it "returns true if element has child elements" do
+      child = REXML::Element.new("child")
+      @e << child
+      @e.has_elements?.should be_true
+    end
 
-  it "returns false if element doesn't have child elements" do
-    @e.has_elements?.should be_false
+    it "returns false if element doesn't have child elements" do
+      @e.has_elements?.should be_false
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/has_text_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/has_text_spec.rb
index e9d5a176cb..f2c5bc4ffa 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/has_text_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/has_text_spec.rb
@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#has_text?" do
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns true if element has a Text child" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new("Person")
-    e.text = "My text"
-    e.has_text?.should be_true
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#has_text?" do
+
+    it "returns true if element has a Text child" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new("Person")
+      e.text = "My text"
+      e.has_text?.should be_true
+    end
 
-  it "returns false if it has no Text childs" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new("Person")
-    e.has_text?.should be_false
+    it "returns false if it has no Text childs" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new("Person")
+      e.has_text?.should be_false
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/inspect_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/inspect_spec.rb
index f45edd0b1f..5eb8ef2265 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/inspect_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/inspect_spec.rb
@@ -1,27 +1,30 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#inspect" do
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  before :each do
-    @name = REXML::Element.new "name"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#inspect" do
 
-  it "returns the node as a string" do
-    @name.inspect.should == "<name/>"
-  end
+    before :each do
+      @name = REXML::Element.new "name"
+    end
 
-  it "inserts '...' if the node has children" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new "last_name"
-    @name << e
-    @name.inspect.should == "<name> ... </>"
-    # This might make more sense but differs from MRI's default behavior
-    # @name.inspect.should == "<name> ... </name>"
-  end
+    it "returns the node as a string" do
+      @name.inspect.should == "<name/>"
+    end
+
+    it "inserts '...' if the node has children" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new "last_name"
+      @name << e
+      @name.inspect.should == "<name> ... </>"
+      # This might make more sense but differs from MRI's default behavior
+      # @name.inspect.should == "<name> ... </name>"
+    end
 
-  it "inserts the attributes in the string" do
-    @name.add_attribute "language"
-    @name.attributes["language"] = "english"
-    @name.inspect.should == "<name language='english'/>"
+    it "inserts the attributes in the string" do
+      @name.add_attribute "language"
+      @name.attributes["language"] = "english"
+      @name.inspect.should == "<name language='english'/>"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/instructions_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/instructions_spec.rb
index aa2d192e7c..bd9dfcef50 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/instructions_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/instructions_spec.rb
@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#instructions" do
-  before :each do
-    @elem = REXML::Element.new("root")
-  end
-  it "returns the Instruction children nodes" do
-    inst = REXML::Instruction.new("xml-stylesheet", "href='headlines.css'")
-    @elem << inst
-    @elem.instructions.first.should == inst
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns an empty array if it has no Instruction children" do
-    @elem.instructions.should be_empty
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#instructions" do
+    before :each do
+      @elem = REXML::Element.new("root")
+    end
+    it "returns the Instruction children nodes" do
+      inst = REXML::Instruction.new("xml-stylesheet", "href='headlines.css'")
+      @elem << inst
+      @elem.instructions.first.should == inst
+    end
+
+    it "returns an empty array if it has no Instruction children" do
+      @elem.instructions.should be_empty
+    end
 
-  it "freezes the returned array" do
-    @elem.instructions.frozen?.should be_true
+    it "freezes the returned array" do
+      @elem.instructions.frozen?.should be_true
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/namespace_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/namespace_spec.rb
index 89662f3599..a359887826 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/namespace_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/namespace_spec.rb
@@ -1,27 +1,30 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#namespace" do
-  before :each do
-    @doc = REXML::Document.new("<a xmlns='1' xmlns:y='2'><b/><c xmlns:z='3'/></a>")
-    @elem = @doc.elements["//b"]
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns the default namespace" do
-    @elem.namespace.should == "1"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#namespace" do
+    before :each do
+      @doc = REXML::Document.new("<a xmlns='1' xmlns:y='2'><b/><c xmlns:z='3'/></a>")
+      @elem = @doc.elements["//b"]
+    end
 
-  it "accepts a namespace prefix" do
-    @elem.namespace("y").should == "2"
-    @doc.elements["//c"].namespace("z").should == "3"
-  end
+    it "returns the default namespace" do
+      @elem.namespace.should == "1"
+    end
 
-  it "returns an empty String if default namespace is not defined" do
-    e = REXML::Document.new("<a/>")
-    e.root.namespace.should be_empty
-  end
+    it "accepts a namespace prefix" do
+      @elem.namespace("y").should == "2"
+      @doc.elements["//c"].namespace("z").should == "3"
+    end
+
+    it "returns an empty String if default namespace is not defined" do
+      e = REXML::Document.new("<a/>")
+      e.root.namespace.should be_empty
+    end
 
-  it "returns nil if namespace is not defined" do
-    @elem.namespace("z").should be_nil
+    it "returns nil if namespace is not defined" do
+      @elem.namespace("z").should be_nil
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/namespaces_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/namespaces_spec.rb
index a84c1d1dab..7bf8ec6421 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/namespaces_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/namespaces_spec.rb
@@ -1,32 +1,35 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#namespaces" do
-  before :each do
-    doc = REXML::Document.new("<a xmlns='1' xmlns:y='2'><b/><c xmlns:z='3'/></a>")
-    @elem = doc.elements["//c"]
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns a hash of the namespaces" do
-    ns = {"y"=>"2", "z"=>"3", "xmlns"=>"1"}
-    @elem.namespaces.keys.sort.should == ns.keys.sort
-    @elem.namespaces.values.sort.should == ns.values.sort
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#namespaces" do
+    before :each do
+      doc = REXML::Document.new("<a xmlns='1' xmlns:y='2'><b/><c xmlns:z='3'/></a>")
+      @elem = doc.elements["//c"]
+    end
 
-  it "returns an empty hash if no namespaces exist" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new "element"
-    e.namespaces.kind_of?(Hash).should == true
-    e.namespaces.should be_empty
-  end
+    it "returns a hash of the namespaces" do
+      ns = {"y"=>"2", "z"=>"3", "xmlns"=>"1"}
+      @elem.namespaces.keys.sort.should == ns.keys.sort
+      @elem.namespaces.values.sort.should == ns.values.sort
+    end
 
-  it "uses namespace prefixes as keys" do
-    prefixes = ["y", "z", "xmlns"]
-    @elem.namespaces.keys.sort.should == prefixes.sort
-  end
+    it "returns an empty hash if no namespaces exist" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new "element"
+      e.namespaces.kind_of?(Hash).should == true
+      e.namespaces.should be_empty
+    end
 
-  it "uses namespace values as the hash values" do
-    values = ["2", "3", "1"]
-    @elem.namespaces.values.sort.should == values.sort
-  end
+    it "uses namespace prefixes as keys" do
+      prefixes = ["y", "z", "xmlns"]
+      @elem.namespaces.keys.sort.should == prefixes.sort
+    end
+
+    it "uses namespace values as the hash values" do
+      values = ["2", "3", "1"]
+      @elem.namespaces.values.sort.should == values.sort
+    end
 
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/new_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/new_spec.rb
index 4ffdf4dabe..35a8438495 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/new_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/new_spec.rb
@@ -1,35 +1,38 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#new" do
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "creates element from tag name" do
-    REXML::Element.new("foo").name.should == "foo"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#new" do
 
-  it "creates element with default attributes" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new
-    e.name.should == REXML::Element::UNDEFINED
-    e.context.should == nil
-    e.parent.should == nil
-  end
+    it "creates element from tag name" do
+      REXML::Element.new("foo").name.should == "foo"
+    end
 
-  it "creates element from another element" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new "foo"
-    f = REXML::Element.new e
-    e.name.should == f.name
-    e.context.should == f.context
-    e.parent.should == f.parent
-  end
+    it "creates element with default attributes" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new
+      e.name.should == REXML::Element::UNDEFINED
+      e.context.should == nil
+      e.parent.should == nil
+    end
 
-  it "takes parent as second argument" do
-    parent = REXML::Element.new "foo"
-    child = REXML::Element.new "bar", parent
-    child.parent.should == parent
-  end
+    it "creates element from another element" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new "foo"
+      f = REXML::Element.new e
+      e.name.should == f.name
+      e.context.should == f.context
+      e.parent.should == f.parent
+    end
+
+    it "takes parent as second argument" do
+      parent = REXML::Element.new "foo"
+      child = REXML::Element.new "bar", parent
+      child.parent.should == parent
+    end
 
-  it "takes context as third argument" do
-    context = {"some_key" => "some_value"}
-    REXML::Element.new("foo", nil, context).context.should == context
+    it "takes context as third argument" do
+      context = {"some_key" => "some_value"}
+      REXML::Element.new("foo", nil, context).context.should == context
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/next_element_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/next_element_spec.rb
index 5b6d6cad9b..2c7875a248 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/next_element_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/next_element_spec.rb
@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#next_element" do
-  before :each do
-    @a = REXML::Element.new "a"
-    @b = REXML::Element.new "b"
-    @c = REXML::Element.new "c"
-    @a.root << @b
-    @a.root << @c
-  end
-  it "returns next existing element" do
-    @a.elements["b"].next_element.should == @c
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Element#next_element" do
+    before :each do
+      @a = REXML::Element.new "a"
+      @b = REXML::Element.new "b"
+      @c = REXML::Element.new "c"
+      @a.root << @b
+      @a.root << @c
+    end
+    it "returns next existing element" do
+      @a.elements["b"].next_element.should == @c
+    end
 
-  it "returns nil on last element" do
-    @a.elements["c"].next_element.should == nil
+    it "returns nil on last element" do
+      @a.elements["c"].next_element.should == nil
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/node_type_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/node_type_spec.rb
index bcab9e126d..d641dd89d3 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/node_type_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/node_type_spec.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#node_type" do
-  it "returns :element" do
-    REXML::Element.new("MyElem").node_type.should == :element
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Element#node_type" do
+    it "returns :element" do
+      REXML::Element.new("MyElem").node_type.should == :element
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/prefixes_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/prefixes_spec.rb
index b6edf9a847..77557e165a 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/prefixes_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/prefixes_spec.rb
@@ -1,23 +1,26 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#prefixes" do
-  before :each do
-    doc = REXML::Document.new("<a xmlns='1' xmlns:y='2'><b/><c xmlns:z='3'/></a>")
-    @elem = doc.elements["//c"]
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns an array of the prefixes of the namespaces" do
-    @elem.prefixes.should == ["y", "z"]
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#prefixes" do
+    before :each do
+      doc = REXML::Document.new("<a xmlns='1' xmlns:y='2'><b/><c xmlns:z='3'/></a>")
+      @elem = doc.elements["//c"]
+    end
 
-  it "does not include the default namespace" do
-    @elem.prefixes.include?("xmlns").should == false
-  end
+    it "returns an array of the prefixes of the namespaces" do
+      @elem.prefixes.should == ["y", "z"]
+    end
+
+    it "does not include the default namespace" do
+      @elem.prefixes.include?("xmlns").should == false
+    end
 
-  it "returns an empty array if no namespace was defined" do
-    doc = REXML::Document.new "<root><something/></root>"
-    root = doc.elements["//root"]
-    root.prefixes.should == []
+    it "returns an empty array if no namespace was defined" do
+      doc = REXML::Document.new "<root><something/></root>"
+      root = doc.elements["//root"]
+      root.prefixes.should == []
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/previous_element_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/previous_element_spec.rb
index 2fe79d955f..aa19c187be 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/previous_element_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/previous_element_spec.rb
@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#previous_element" do
-  before :each do
-    @a = REXML::Element.new "a"
-    @b = REXML::Element.new "b"
-    @c = REXML::Element.new "c"
-    @a.root << @b
-    @a.root << @c
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns previous element" do
-    @a.elements["c"].previous_element.should == @b
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#previous_element" do
+    before :each do
+      @a = REXML::Element.new "a"
+      @b = REXML::Element.new "b"
+      @c = REXML::Element.new "c"
+      @a.root << @b
+      @a.root << @c
+    end
+
+    it "returns previous element" do
+      @a.elements["c"].previous_element.should == @b
+    end
 
-  it "returns nil on first element" do
-    @a.elements["b"].previous_element.should == nil
+    it "returns nil on first element" do
+      @a.elements["b"].previous_element.should == nil
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/raw_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/raw_spec.rb
index 404ccce5f4..2a913e1ac7 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/raw_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/raw_spec.rb
@@ -1,24 +1,27 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#raw" do
-  it "returns true if raw mode is set to all" do
-    REXML::Element.new("MyElem", nil, {raw: :all}).raw.should == true
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns true if raw mode is set to expanded_name" do
-    REXML::Element.new("MyElem", nil, {raw: "MyElem"}).raw.should == true
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#raw" do
+    it "returns true if raw mode is set to all" do
+      REXML::Element.new("MyElem", nil, {raw: :all}).raw.should == true
+    end
 
-  it "returns false if raw mode is not set" do
-    REXML::Element.new("MyElem", nil, {raw: ""}).raw.should == false
-  end
+    it "returns true if raw mode is set to expanded_name" do
+      REXML::Element.new("MyElem", nil, {raw: "MyElem"}).raw.should == true
+    end
 
-  it "returns false if raw is not :all or expanded_name" do
-    REXML::Element.new("MyElem", nil, {raw: "Something"}).raw.should == false
-  end
+    it "returns false if raw mode is not set" do
+      REXML::Element.new("MyElem", nil, {raw: ""}).raw.should == false
+    end
+
+    it "returns false if raw is not :all or expanded_name" do
+      REXML::Element.new("MyElem", nil, {raw: "Something"}).raw.should == false
+    end
 
-  it "returns nil if context is not set" do
-    REXML::Element.new("MyElem").raw.should == nil
+    it "returns nil if context is not set" do
+      REXML::Element.new("MyElem").raw.should == nil
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/root_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/root_spec.rb
index 1e0669033e..4e88446ac2 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/root_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/root_spec.rb
@@ -1,28 +1,31 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#root" do
-  before :each do
-    @doc  = REXML::Document.new
-    @root = REXML::Element.new "root"
-    @node = REXML::Element.new "node"
-    @doc << @root << @node
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns first child on documents" do
-    @doc.root.should == @root
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#root" do
+    before :each do
+      @doc  = REXML::Document.new
+      @root = REXML::Element.new "root"
+      @node = REXML::Element.new "node"
+      @doc << @root << @node
+    end
 
-  it "returns self on root nodes" do
-    @root.root.should == @root
-  end
+    it "returns first child on documents" do
+      @doc.root.should == @root
+    end
 
-  it "returns parent's root on child nodes" do
-    @node.root.should == @root
-  end
+    it "returns self on root nodes" do
+      @root.root.should == @root
+    end
+
+    it "returns parent's root on child nodes" do
+      @node.root.should == @root
+    end
 
-  it "returns self on standalone nodes" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new "Elem"         # Note that it doesn't have a parent node
-    e.root.should == e
+    it "returns self on standalone nodes" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new "Elem"         # Note that it doesn't have a parent node
+      e.root.should == e
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/text_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/text_spec.rb
index 7c290c4cda..b7d493589e 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/text_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/text_spec.rb
@@ -1,46 +1,49 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#text" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new "name"
-    @e.text = "John"
-  end
-
-  it "returns the text node of element" do
-    @e.text.should == "John"
-  end
-
-  it "returns the text node value" do
-    t = REXML::Text.new "Joe"
-    @e.text = t
-    @e.text.should == "Joe"
-    @e.text.should_not == t
-  end
-
-  it "returns nil if no text is attached" do
-    elem = REXML::Element.new "name"
-    elem.text.should == nil
-  end
-end
-
-describe "REXML::Element#text=" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new "name"
-    @e.text = "John"
-  end
-
-  it "sets the text node" do
-    @e.to_s.should == "<name>John</name>"
-  end
-
-  it "replaces existing text" do
-    @e.text = "Joe"
-    @e.to_s.should == "<name>Joe</name>"
-  end
-
-  it "receives nil as an argument" do
-    @e.text = nil
-    @e.to_s.should == "<name/>"
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Element#text" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new "name"
+      @e.text = "John"
+    end
+
+    it "returns the text node of element" do
+      @e.text.should == "John"
+    end
+
+    it "returns the text node value" do
+      t = REXML::Text.new "Joe"
+      @e.text = t
+      @e.text.should == "Joe"
+      @e.text.should_not == t
+    end
+
+    it "returns nil if no text is attached" do
+      elem = REXML::Element.new "name"
+      elem.text.should == nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "REXML::Element#text=" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new "name"
+      @e.text = "John"
+    end
+
+    it "sets the text node" do
+      @e.to_s.should == "<name>John</name>"
+    end
+
+    it "replaces existing text" do
+      @e.text = "Joe"
+      @e.to_s.should == "<name>Joe</name>"
+    end
+
+    it "receives nil as an argument" do
+      @e.text = nil
+      @e.to_s.should == "<name/>"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/texts_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/texts_spec.rb
index 7975833c89..7f610ba31b 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/texts_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/texts_spec.rb
@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#texts" do
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns an array of the Text children" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    e.add_text "First"
-    e.add_text "Second"
-    e.texts.should == ["FirstSecond"]
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Element#texts" do
+
+    it "returns an array of the Text children" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      e.add_text "First"
+      e.add_text "Second"
+      e.texts.should == ["FirstSecond"]
+    end
 
-  it "returns an empty array if it has no Text children" do
-    REXML::Element.new("root").texts.should == []
+    it "returns an empty array if it has no Text children" do
+      REXML::Element.new("root").texts.should == []
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/whitespace_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/whitespace_spec.rb
index dc785ae5ce..8cd2e5b5e8 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/whitespace_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/element/whitespace_spec.rb
@@ -1,23 +1,26 @@
-require 'rexml/document'
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
-describe "REXML::Element#whitespace" do
-  it "returns true if whitespace is respected in the element" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    e.whitespace.should be_true
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-    e = REXML::Element.new("root", nil, respect_whitespace: :all)
-    e.whitespace.should be_true
+  describe "REXML::Element#whitespace" do
+    it "returns true if whitespace is respected in the element" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      e.whitespace.should be_true
 
-    e = REXML::Element.new("root", nil, respect_whitespace: ["root"])
-    e.whitespace.should be_true
-  end
+      e = REXML::Element.new("root", nil, respect_whitespace: :all)
+      e.whitespace.should be_true
+
+      e = REXML::Element.new("root", nil, respect_whitespace: ["root"])
+      e.whitespace.should be_true
+    end
 
-  it "returns false if whitespace is ignored inside element" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new("root", nil, compress_whitespace: :all)
-    e.whitespace.should be_false
+    it "returns false if whitespace is ignored inside element" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new("root", nil, compress_whitespace: :all)
+      e.whitespace.should be_false
 
-    e = REXML::Element.new("root", nil, compress_whitespace: ["root"])
-    e.whitespace.should be_false
+      e = REXML::Element.new("root", nil, compress_whitespace: ["root"])
+      e.whitespace.should be_false
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/each_recursive_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/each_recursive_spec.rb
index dd4aa9a2f2..4a669a399d 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/each_recursive_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/each_recursive_spec.rb
@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Node#each_recursive" do
-  before :each do
-    @doc = REXML::Document.new
-    @doc << REXML::XMLDecl.new
-    @root = REXML::Element.new "root"
-    @child1 = REXML::Element.new "child1"
-    @child2 = REXML::Element.new "child2"
-    @root << @child1
-    @root << @child2
-    @doc << @root
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Node#each_recursive" do
+    before :each do
+      @doc = REXML::Document.new
+      @doc << REXML::XMLDecl.new
+      @root = REXML::Element.new "root"
+      @child1 = REXML::Element.new "child1"
+      @child2 = REXML::Element.new "child2"
+      @root << @child1
+      @root << @child2
+      @doc << @root
+    end
 
-  it "visits all subnodes of self" do
-    nodes = []
-    @doc.each_recursive { |node| nodes << node}
-    nodes.should == [@root, @child1, @child2]
+    it "visits all subnodes of self" do
+      nodes = []
+      @doc.each_recursive { |node| nodes << node}
+      nodes.should == [@root, @child1, @child2]
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/find_first_recursive_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/find_first_recursive_spec.rb
index ba46f2ca35..ab7900a3ac 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/find_first_recursive_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/find_first_recursive_spec.rb
@@ -1,25 +1,28 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Node#find_first_recursive" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    @node1 = REXML::Element.new("node")
-    @node2 = REXML::Element.new("another node")
-    @subnode = REXML::Element.new("another node")
-    @node1 << @subnode
-    @e << @node1
-    @e << @node2
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "finds the first element that matches block" do
-    found = @e.find_first_recursive { |n| n.to_s == "<node><another node/></node>"}
-    found.should == @node1
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Node#find_first_recursive" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      @node1 = REXML::Element.new("node")
+      @node2 = REXML::Element.new("another node")
+      @subnode = REXML::Element.new("another node")
+      @node1 << @subnode
+      @e << @node1
+      @e << @node2
+    end
+
+    it "finds the first element that matches block" do
+      found = @e.find_first_recursive { |n| n.to_s == "<node><another node/></node>"}
+      found.should == @node1
+    end
 
-  it "visits the nodes in preorder" do
-    found = @e.find_first_recursive { |n| n.to_s == "<another node/>"}
-    found.should == @subnode
-    found.should_not == @node2
+    it "visits the nodes in preorder" do
+      found = @e.find_first_recursive { |n| n.to_s == "<another node/>"}
+      found.should == @subnode
+      found.should_not == @node2
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/index_in_parent_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/index_in_parent_spec.rb
index 092851e3e7..1c75c8cd54 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/index_in_parent_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/index_in_parent_spec.rb
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Node#index_in_parent" do
-  it "returns the index (starting from 1) of self in parent" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    node1 = REXML::Element.new("node")
-    node2 = REXML::Element.new("another node")
-    e << node1
-    e << node2
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-    node1.index_in_parent.should == 1
-    node2.index_in_parent.should == 2
+  describe "REXML::Node#index_in_parent" do
+    it "returns the index (starting from 1) of self in parent" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      node1 = REXML::Element.new("node")
+      node2 = REXML::Element.new("another node")
+      e << node1
+      e << node2
+
+      node1.index_in_parent.should == 1
+      node2.index_in_parent.should == 2
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/next_sibling_node_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/next_sibling_node_spec.rb
index 2e8601627d..0aac3fee0f 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/next_sibling_node_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/next_sibling_node_spec.rb
@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Node#next_sibling_node" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    @node1 = REXML::Element.new("node")
-    @node2 = REXML::Element.new("another node")
-    @e << @node1
-    @e << @node2
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns the next child node in parent" do
-    @node1.next_sibling_node.should == @node2
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Node#next_sibling_node" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      @node1 = REXML::Element.new("node")
+      @node2 = REXML::Element.new("another node")
+      @e << @node1
+      @e << @node2
+    end
+
+    it "returns the next child node in parent" do
+      @node1.next_sibling_node.should == @node2
+    end
 
-  it "returns nil if there are no more child nodes next" do
-    @node2.next_sibling_node.should == nil
-    @e.next_sibling_node.should == nil
+    it "returns nil if there are no more child nodes next" do
+      @node2.next_sibling_node.should == nil
+      @e.next_sibling_node.should == nil
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/parent_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/parent_spec.rb
index d88ba69657..693ee9d5c2 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/parent_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/parent_spec.rb
@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Node#parent?" do
-  it "returns true for Elements" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new("foo")
-    e.parent?.should == true
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns true for Documents" do
-    e = REXML::Document.new
-    e.parent?.should == true
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Node#parent?" do
+    it "returns true for Elements" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new("foo")
+      e.parent?.should == true
+    end
+
+    it "returns true for Documents" do
+      e = REXML::Document.new
+      e.parent?.should == true
+    end
 
-  # This includes attributes, CDatas and declarations.
-  it "returns false for Texts" do
-    e = REXML::Text.new("foo")
-    e.parent?.should == false
+    # This includes attributes, CDatas and declarations.
+    it "returns false for Texts" do
+      e = REXML::Text.new("foo")
+      e.parent?.should == false
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/previous_sibling_node_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/previous_sibling_node_spec.rb
index 8b96f1565a..ca07e1e1f9 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/previous_sibling_node_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/node/previous_sibling_node_spec.rb
@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Node#previous_sibling_node" do
-  before :each do
-    @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    @node1 = REXML::Element.new("node")
-    @node2 = REXML::Element.new("another node")
-    @e << @node1
-    @e << @node2
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns the previous child node in parent" do
-    @node2.previous_sibling_node.should == @node1
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Node#previous_sibling_node" do
+    before :each do
+      @e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      @node1 = REXML::Element.new("node")
+      @node2 = REXML::Element.new("another node")
+      @e << @node1
+      @e << @node2
+    end
+
+    it "returns the previous child node in parent" do
+      @node2.previous_sibling_node.should == @node1
+    end
 
-  it "returns nil if there are no more child nodes before" do
-    @node1.previous_sibling_node.should == nil
-    @e.previous_sibling_node.should == nil
+    it "returns nil if there are no more child nodes before" do
+      @node1.previous_sibling_node.should == nil
+      @e.previous_sibling_node.should == nil
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/append_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/append_spec.rb
index de281fb0b0..be5636e84d 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/append_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/append_spec.rb
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Text#<<" do
-  it "appends a string to this text node" do
-    text = REXML::Text.new("foo")
-    text << "bar"
-    text.should == "foobar"
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Text#<<" do
+    it "appends a string to this text node" do
+      text = REXML::Text.new("foo")
+      text << "bar"
+      text.should == "foobar"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/clone_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/clone_spec.rb
index 8031e140c7..28feef40e9 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/clone_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/clone_spec.rb
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Text#clone" do
-  it "creates a copy of this node" do
-    text = REXML::Text.new("foo")
-    text.clone.should == "foo"
-    text.clone.should == text
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Text#clone" do
+    it "creates a copy of this node" do
+      text = REXML::Text.new("foo")
+      text.clone.should == "foo"
+      text.clone.should == text
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/comparison_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/comparison_spec.rb
index 8bc5d66a03..ebd95683c6 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/comparison_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/comparison_spec.rb
@@ -1,25 +1,28 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Text#<=>" do
-  before :each do
-    @first = REXML::Text.new("abc")
-    @last = REXML::Text.new("def")
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "returns -1 if lvalue is less than rvalue" do
-    val = @first <=> @last
-    val.should == -1
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Text#<=>" do
+    before :each do
+      @first = REXML::Text.new("abc")
+      @last = REXML::Text.new("def")
+    end
 
-  it "returns -1 if lvalue is greater than rvalue" do
-    val = @last <=> @first
-    val.should == 1
-  end
+    it "returns -1 if lvalue is less than rvalue" do
+      val = @first <=> @last
+      val.should == -1
+    end
+
+    it "returns -1 if lvalue is greater than rvalue" do
+      val = @last <=> @first
+      val.should == 1
+    end
 
-  it "returns 0 if both values are equal" do
-    tmp = REXML::Text.new("tmp")
-    val = tmp <=> tmp
-    val.should == 0
+    it "returns 0 if both values are equal" do
+      tmp = REXML::Text.new("tmp")
+      val = tmp <=> tmp
+      val.should == 0
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/empty_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/empty_spec.rb
index d0b66b7a2a..392b536a4c 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/empty_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/empty_spec.rb
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Text#empty?" do
-  it "returns true if the text is empty" do
-    REXML::Text.new("").empty?.should == true
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Text#empty?" do
+    it "returns true if the text is empty" do
+      REXML::Text.new("").empty?.should == true
+    end
 
-  it "returns false if the text is not empty" do
-    REXML::Text.new("some_text").empty?.should == false
+    it "returns false if the text is not empty" do
+      REXML::Text.new("some_text").empty?.should == false
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/indent_text_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/indent_text_spec.rb
index 1b0ee5ab16..16cba7faf6 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/indent_text_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/indent_text_spec.rb
@@ -1,23 +1,26 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Text#indent_text" do
-  before :each do
-    @t = REXML::Text.new("")
-  end
-  it "indents a string with default parameters" do
-    @t.indent_text("foo").should == "\tfoo"
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "accepts a custom indentation level as second argument" do
-    @t.indent_text("foo", 2, "\t", true).should == "\t\tfoo"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Text#indent_text" do
+    before :each do
+      @t = REXML::Text.new("")
+    end
+    it "indents a string with default parameters" do
+      @t.indent_text("foo").should == "\tfoo"
+    end
 
-  it "accepts a custom separator as third argument" do
-    @t.indent_text("foo", 1, "\n", true).should == "\nfoo"
-  end
+    it "accepts a custom indentation level as second argument" do
+      @t.indent_text("foo", 2, "\t", true).should == "\t\tfoo"
+    end
+
+    it "accepts a custom separator as third argument" do
+      @t.indent_text("foo", 1, "\n", true).should == "\nfoo"
+    end
 
-  it "accepts a fourth parameter to skip the first line" do
-    @t.indent_text("foo", 1, "\t", false).should == "foo"
+    it "accepts a fourth parameter to skip the first line" do
+      @t.indent_text("foo", 1, "\t", false).should == "foo"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/inspect_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/inspect_spec.rb
index 0d66088a64..87203b246c 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/inspect_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/inspect_spec.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Text#inspect" do
-  it "inspects the string attribute as a string" do
-    REXML::Text.new("a text").inspect.should == "a text".inspect
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Text#inspect" do
+    it "inspects the string attribute as a string" do
+      REXML::Text.new("a text").inspect.should == "a text".inspect
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/new_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/new_spec.rb
index 3c081dec30..7a39f11fa6 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/new_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/new_spec.rb
@@ -1,48 +1,51 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Text.new" do
-
-  it "creates a Text child node with no parent" do
-    t = REXML::Text.new("test")
-    t.should be_kind_of(REXML::Child)
-    t.should == "test"
-    t.parent.should == nil
-  end
-
-  it "respects whitespace if second argument is true" do
-    t = REXML::Text.new("testing   whitespace", true)
-    t.should == "testing   whitespace"
-    t = REXML::Text.new("   ", true)
-    t.should == "   "
-  end
-
-  it "receives a parent as third argument" do
-    e = REXML::Element.new("root")
-    t = REXML::Text.new("test", false, e)
-    t.parent.should == e
-    e.to_s.should == "<root>test</root>"
-  end
-
-  it "expects escaped text if raw is true" do
-    t = REXML::Text.new("&lt;&amp;&gt;", false, nil, true)
-    t.should == "&lt;&amp;&gt;"
-
-    ->{ REXML::Text.new("<&>", false, nil, true)}.should raise_error(Exception)
-  end
-
-  it "uses raw value of the parent if raw is nil" do
-    e1 = REXML::Element.new("root", nil, { raw: :all})
-    -> {REXML::Text.new("<&>", false, e1)}.should raise_error(Exception)
-
-    e2 = REXML::Element.new("root", nil, { raw: []})
-    e2.raw.should be_false
-    t1 = REXML::Text.new("<&>", false, e2)
-    t1.should == "&lt;&amp;&gt;"
-  end
-
-  it "escapes the values if raw is false" do
-    t = REXML::Text.new("<&>", false, nil, false)
-    t.should == "&lt;&amp;&gt;"
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Text.new" do
+
+    it "creates a Text child node with no parent" do
+      t = REXML::Text.new("test")
+      t.should be_kind_of(REXML::Child)
+      t.should == "test"
+      t.parent.should == nil
+    end
+
+    it "respects whitespace if second argument is true" do
+      t = REXML::Text.new("testing   whitespace", true)
+      t.should == "testing   whitespace"
+      t = REXML::Text.new("   ", true)
+      t.should == "   "
+    end
+
+    it "receives a parent as third argument" do
+      e = REXML::Element.new("root")
+      t = REXML::Text.new("test", false, e)
+      t.parent.should == e
+      e.to_s.should == "<root>test</root>"
+    end
+
+    it "expects escaped text if raw is true" do
+      t = REXML::Text.new("&lt;&amp;&gt;", false, nil, true)
+      t.should == "&lt;&amp;&gt;"
+
+      ->{ REXML::Text.new("<&>", false, nil, true)}.should raise_error(Exception)
+    end
+
+    it "uses raw value of the parent if raw is nil" do
+      e1 = REXML::Element.new("root", nil, { raw: :all})
+      -> {REXML::Text.new("<&>", false, e1)}.should raise_error(Exception)
+
+      e2 = REXML::Element.new("root", nil, { raw: []})
+      e2.raw.should be_false
+      t1 = REXML::Text.new("<&>", false, e2)
+      t1.should == "&lt;&amp;&gt;"
+    end
+
+    it "escapes the values if raw is false" do
+      t = REXML::Text.new("<&>", false, nil, false)
+      t.should == "&lt;&amp;&gt;"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/node_type_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/node_type_spec.rb
index 1c25a74dad..17fefb87f1 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/node_type_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/node_type_spec.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Text#node_type" do
-  it "returns :text" do
-    REXML::Text.new("test").node_type.should == :text
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Text#node_type" do
+    it "returns :text" do
+      REXML::Text.new("test").node_type.should == :text
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/normalize_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/normalize_spec.rb
index ce3b2b3b5f..10ce92615a 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/normalize_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/normalize_spec.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Text.normalize" do
-  it "escapes a string with <, >, &, ' and \" " do
-    REXML::Text.normalize("< > & \" '").should == "&lt; &gt; &amp; &quot; &apos;"
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Text.normalize" do
+    it "escapes a string with <, >, &, ' and \" " do
+      REXML::Text.normalize("< > & \" '").should == "&lt; &gt; &amp; &quot; &apos;"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/read_with_substitution_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/read_with_substitution_spec.rb
index 83b42f6d6b..4bf54c1b31 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/read_with_substitution_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/read_with_substitution_spec.rb
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Text.read_with_substitution" do
-  it "reads a text and escapes entities" do
-    REXML::Text.read_with_substitution("&lt; &gt; &amp; &quot; &apos;").should == "< > & \" '"
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Text.read_with_substitution" do
+    it "reads a text and escapes entities" do
+      REXML::Text.read_with_substitution("&lt; &gt; &amp; &quot; &apos;").should == "< > & \" '"
+    end
 
-  it "accepts an regex for invalid expressions and raises an error if text matches" do
-    -> {REXML::Text.read_with_substitution("this is illegal", /illegal/)}.should raise_error(Exception)
+    it "accepts an regex for invalid expressions and raises an error if text matches" do
+      -> {REXML::Text.read_with_substitution("this is illegal", /illegal/)}.should raise_error(Exception)
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/to_s_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/to_s_spec.rb
index 14d7399a60..f7e0e0b284 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/to_s_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/to_s_spec.rb
@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Text#to_s" do
-  it "returns the string of this Text node" do
-    u = REXML::Text.new("sean russell", false, nil, true)
-    u.to_s.should == "sean russell"
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-    t = REXML::Text.new("some test text")
-    t.to_s.should == "some test text"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Text#to_s" do
+    it "returns the string of this Text node" do
+      u = REXML::Text.new("sean russell", false, nil, true)
+      u.to_s.should == "sean russell"
+
+      t = REXML::Text.new("some test text")
+      t.to_s.should == "some test text"
+    end
 
-  it "escapes the text" do
-    t = REXML::Text.new("& < >")
-    t.to_s.should == "&amp; &lt; &gt;"
+    it "escapes the text" do
+      t = REXML::Text.new("& < >")
+      t.to_s.should == "&amp; &lt; &gt;"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/unnormalize_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/unnormalize_spec.rb
index 3072809c13..0f173710fa 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/unnormalize_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/unnormalize_spec.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Text.unnormalize" do
-  it "unescapes a string with the values defined in SETUTITSBUS" do
-    REXML::Text.unnormalize("&lt; &gt; &amp; &quot; &apos;").should == "< > & \" '"
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
+
+  describe "REXML::Text.unnormalize" do
+    it "unescapes a string with the values defined in SETUTITSBUS" do
+      REXML::Text.unnormalize("&lt; &gt; &amp; &quot; &apos;").should == "< > & \" '"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/value_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/value_spec.rb
index b0545b3cbd..f566412128 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/value_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/value_spec.rb
@@ -1,37 +1,40 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Text#value" do
-  it "returns the text value of this node" do
-    REXML::Text.new("test").value.should == "test"
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "does not escape entities" do
-    REXML::Text.new("& \"").value.should == "& \""
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Text#value" do
+    it "returns the text value of this node" do
+      REXML::Text.new("test").value.should == "test"
+    end
 
-  it "follows the respect_whitespace attribute" do
-    REXML::Text.new("test     bar", false).value.should == "test bar"
-    REXML::Text.new("test     bar", true).value.should == "test     bar"
-  end
+    it "does not escape entities" do
+      REXML::Text.new("& \"").value.should == "& \""
+    end
 
-  it "ignores the raw attribute" do
-    REXML::Text.new("sean russell", false, nil, true).value.should == "sean russell"
-  end
-end
+    it "follows the respect_whitespace attribute" do
+      REXML::Text.new("test     bar", false).value.should == "test bar"
+      REXML::Text.new("test     bar", true).value.should == "test     bar"
+    end
 
-describe "REXML::Text#value=" do
-  before :each do
-    @t = REXML::Text.new("new")
+    it "ignores the raw attribute" do
+      REXML::Text.new("sean russell", false, nil, true).value.should == "sean russell"
+    end
   end
 
-  it "sets the text of the node" do
-    @t.value = "another text"
-    @t.to_s.should == "another text"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Text#value=" do
+    before :each do
+      @t = REXML::Text.new("new")
+    end
+
+    it "sets the text of the node" do
+      @t.value = "another text"
+      @t.to_s.should == "another text"
+    end
 
-  it "escapes entities" do
-    @t.value = "<a>"
-    @t.to_s.should == "&lt;a&gt;"
+    it "escapes entities" do
+      @t.value = "<a>"
+      @t.to_s.should == "&lt;a&gt;"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/wrap_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/wrap_spec.rb
index 0b60fd4151..415775dd47 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/wrap_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/wrap_spec.rb
@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Text#wrap" do
-  before :each do
-    @t = REXML::Text.new("abc def")
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  it "wraps the text at width" do
-    @t.wrap("abc def", 3, false).should == "abc\ndef"
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Text#wrap" do
+    before :each do
+      @t = REXML::Text.new("abc def")
+    end
 
-  it "returns the string if width is greater than the size of the string" do
-    @t.wrap("abc def", 10, false).should == "abc def"
-  end
+    it "wraps the text at width" do
+      @t.wrap("abc def", 3, false).should == "abc\ndef"
+    end
+
+    it "returns the string if width is greater than the size of the string" do
+      @t.wrap("abc def", 10, false).should == "abc def"
+    end
 
-  it "takes a newline at the beginning option as the third parameter" do
-    @t.wrap("abc def", 3, true).should == "\nabc\ndef"
+    it "takes a newline at the beginning option as the third parameter" do
+      @t.wrap("abc def", 3, true).should == "\nabc\ndef"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/write_with_substitution_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/write_with_substitution_spec.rb
index ee79489d86..1737b443d7 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/write_with_substitution_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rexml/text/write_with_substitution_spec.rb
@@ -1,33 +1,36 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
-require 'rexml/document'
 
-describe "REXML::Text#write_with_substitution" do
-  before :each do
-    @t = REXML::Text.new("test")
-    @f = tmp("rexml_spec")
-    @file = File.open(@f, "w+")
-  end
+ruby_version_is ''...'2.8' do
+  require 'rexml/document'
 
-  after :each do
-    @file.close
-    rm_r @f
-  end
+  describe "REXML::Text#write_with_substitution" do
+    before :each do
+      @t = REXML::Text.new("test")
+      @f = tmp("rexml_spec")
+      @file = File.open(@f, "w+")
+    end
 
-  it "writes out the input to a String" do
-    s = ""
-    @t.write_with_substitution(s, "some text")
-    s.should == "some text"
-  end
+    after :each do
+      @file.close
+      rm_r @f
+    end
 
-  it "writes out the input to an IO" do
-    @t.write_with_substitution(@file, "some text")
-    @file.rewind
-    @file.gets.should == "some text"
-  end
+    it "writes out the input to a String" do
+      s = ""
+      @t.write_with_substitution(s, "some text")
+      s.should == "some text"
+    end
+
+    it "writes out the input to an IO" do
+      @t.write_with_substitution(@file, "some text")
+      @file.rewind
+      @file.gets.should == "some text"
+    end
 
-  it "escapes characters" do
-    @t.write_with_substitution(@file, "& < >")
-    @file.rewind
-    @file.gets.should == "&amp; &lt; &gt;"
+    it "escapes characters" do
+      @t.write_with_substitution(@file, "& < >")
+      @file.rewind
+      @file.gets.should == "&amp; &lt; &gt;"
+    end
   end
 end