Moved rb_int_positive_pow declaration [Feature #18051]

author: Nobuyoshi Nakada <nobu@ruby-lang.org> 2021-07-28 19:09:38 +0900
committer: Nobuyoshi Nakada <nobu@ruby-lang.org> 2021-08-24 10:37:41 +0900
commit: 5d99800d01936a521f129b4aafc533468675df48 (patch)
tree: 752ffd9eed78d66ff328e0f470ce875f84e3c213 /spec/ruby/library/matrix/row_vectors_spec.rb
parent: c38c2d8ee26c70300e2e0a4eec867273a8520579 (diff)
0 files changed, 0 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.dir-locals.el b/.dir-locals.el
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8f4b96445c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.dir-locals.el
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+;; Copyright (c) 2018 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
+;;
+;; This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
+;; granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
+;; conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
+;; details.
+
+((nil .
+     ((indent-tabs-mode . nil)
+      (require-final-newline . t)
+      (tab-width . 8)
+      (show-trailing-whitespace . t)
+      (whitespace-line-column . 80))) ;; See also [Misc #12277]
+
+ ;; (bat-mode . ((buffer-file-coding-system . utf-8-dos)))
+
+ (ruby-mode . ((ruby-indent-level . 2)))
+
+ (rdoc-mode . ((fill-column . 74)))
+
+ (yaml-mode . ((yaml-indent-offset . 2)))
+
+ (makefile-mode . ((indent-tabs-mode . t)))
+
+ (c-mode . ((c-file-style . "ruby")))
+
+ (c++-mode . ((c-file-style . "ruby")))
+
+ (change-log-mode .
+     ((buffer-file-coding-system . us-ascii)
+      (indent-tabs-mode . t)
+      (change-log-indent-text . 2)
+      (add-log-time-format . (lambda (&optional x y)
+        (let* ((time (or x (current-time)))
+	       (system-time-locale "C")
+	       (diff (+ (cadr time) 32400))
+	       (lo (% diff 65536))
+	       (hi (+ (car time) (/ diff 65536))))
+        (format-time-string "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y" (list hi lo) t)))))))
diff --git a/.document b/.document
index 9a5067bc52..8616203552 100644
--- a/.document
+++ b/.document
@@ -5,9 +5,22 @@
 
 # Process all the C source files
 *.c
+*.y
 
 # prelude
 prelude.rb
+rbconfig.rb
+array.rb
+ast.rb
+dir.rb
+gc.rb
+integer.rb
+io.rb
+kernel.rb
+pack.rb
+trace_point.rb
+warning.rb
+ractor.rb
 
 # the lib/ directory (which has its own .document file)
 lib
@@ -16,13 +29,18 @@ lib
 ext
 
 # rdoc files
-ChangeLog
+NEWS.md
 
-NEWS
+README.md
+README.ja.md
 
-README
-README.EXT
-README.EXT.ja
-README.ja
+COPYING
+COPYING.ja
+CONTRIBUTING.md
+
+LEGAL
+
+# win32/README.win32 linked from README.md
+win32
 
 doc
diff --git a/.editorconfig b/.editorconfig
index 67abf4b978..4633a7acae 100644
--- a/.editorconfig
+++ b/.editorconfig
@@ -2,15 +2,29 @@ root = true
 
 [*]
 end_of_line = lf
+indent_size = 4
+indent_style = space
 insert_final_newline = true
-trim_trailing_whitespace = true
 tab_width = 8
-indent_style = tab
-indent_size = 4
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
 
-[**.bat]
+[*.bat]
 end_of_line = crlf
 
-[**.rb]
-indent_style = space
+[*.gemspec]
+indent_size = 2
+
+[*.rb]
+indent_size = 2
+
+[*.yml]
+indent_size = 2
+
+[{*[Mm]akefile*,*.mak,*.mk,depend}]
+indent_style = tab
+
+[enc/*]
+indent_size = 2
+
+[reg*.[ch]]
 indent_size = 2
diff --git a/.gdbinit b/.gdbinit
index d1279ea046..49380951b8 100644
--- a/.gdbinit
+++ b/.gdbinit
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+set startup-with-shell off
+
 define hook-run
   set $color_type = 0
   set $color_highlite = 0
@@ -63,7 +65,15 @@ define rp
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_OBJECT
     printf "%sT_OBJECT%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
-    print (struct RObject *)($arg0)
+    print ((struct RObject *)($arg0))->basic
+    if ($flags & ROBJECT_EMBED)
+      print/x *((VALUE*)((struct RObject*)($arg0))->as.ary) @ (ROBJECT_EMBED_LEN_MAX+0)
+    else
+      print (((struct RObject *)($arg0))->as.heap)
+      if (((struct RObject*)($arg0))->as.heap.numiv) > 0
+        print/x *(((struct RObject*)($arg0))->as.heap.ivptr) @ (((struct RObject*)($arg0))->as.heap.numiv)
+      end
+    end
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_CLASS
     printf "%sT_CLASS%s%s: ", $color_type, ($flags & RUBY_FL_SINGLETON) ? "*" : "", $color_end
@@ -89,14 +99,15 @@ define rp
     set $regsrc = ((struct RRegexp*)($arg0))->src
     set $rsflags = ((struct RBasic*)$regsrc)->flags
     printf "%sT_REGEXP%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
+    set $len = ($rsflags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
+            ((struct RString*)$regsrc)->as.heap.len : \
+            (($rsflags & (RUBY_FL_USER2|RUBY_FL_USER3|RUBY_FL_USER4|RUBY_FL_USER5|RUBY_FL_USER6)) >> RUBY_FL_USHIFT+2)
     set print address off
-    output (char *)(($rsflags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
+    output *(char *)(($rsflags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
 	    ((struct RString*)$regsrc)->as.heap.ptr : \
-	    ((struct RString*)$regsrc)->as.ary)
+	    ((struct RString*)$regsrc)->as.ary) @ $len
     set print address on
-    printf " len:%ld ", ($rsflags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
-            ((struct RString*)$regsrc)->as.heap.len : \
-            (($rsflags & (RUBY_FL_USER2|RUBY_FL_USER3|RUBY_FL_USER4|RUBY_FL_USER5|RUBY_FL_USER6)) >> RUBY_FL_USHIFT+2)
+    printf " len:%ld ", $len
     if $flags & RUBY_FL_USER6
       printf "(none) "
     end
@@ -117,7 +128,7 @@ define rp
       if ($len == 0)
 	printf "{(empty)} "
       else
-	output/x *((VALUE*)((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.ary) @ $len
+	print/x *((VALUE*)((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.ary) @ $len
 	printf " "
       end
     else
@@ -125,7 +136,7 @@ define rp
       printf "%sT_ARRAY%s: len=%ld ", $color_type, $color_end, $len
       if ($flags & RUBY_FL_USER2)
 	printf "(shared) shared="
-	output/x ((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.heap.aux.shared
+	output/x ((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.heap.aux.shared_root
 	printf " "
       else
 	printf "(ownership) capa=%ld ", ((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.heap.aux.capa
@@ -133,7 +144,7 @@ define rp
       if ($len == 0)
 	printf "{(empty)} "
       else
-	output/x *((VALUE*)((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.heap.ptr) @ $len
+	print/x *((VALUE*)((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.heap.ptr) @ $len
 	printf " "
       end
     end
@@ -145,34 +156,27 @@ define rp
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_HASH
     printf "%sT_HASH%s: ", $color_type, $color_end,
-    if ((struct RHash *)($arg0))->ntbl
-      printf "len=%ld ", ((struct RHash *)($arg0))->ntbl->num_entries
+    if (((struct RHash *)($arg0))->basic.flags & RHASH_ST_TABLE_FLAG)
+      printf "st len=%ld ", ((struct RHash *)($arg0))->as.st->num_entries
+    else
+      printf "li len=%ld bound=%ld ", \
+        ((((struct RHash *)($arg0))->basic.flags & RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_MASK) >> RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_SHIFT), \
+        ((((struct RHash *)($arg0))->basic.flags & RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_MASK) >> RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_SHIFT)
     end
     print (struct RHash *)($arg0)
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_STRUCT
-    printf "%sT_STRUCT%s: len=%ld ", $color_type, $color_end, \
-      (($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER1|RUBY_FL_USER2)) ? \
+    set $len = (($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER1|RUBY_FL_USER2)) ? \
        ($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER1|RUBY_FL_USER2)) >> (RUBY_FL_USHIFT+1) : \
        ((struct RStruct *)($arg0))->as.heap.len)
+    printf "%sT_STRUCT%s: len=%ld ", $color_type, $color_end, $len
     print (struct RStruct *)($arg0)
-    x/xw (($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER1|RUBY_FL_USER2)) ? \
-          ((struct RStruct *)($arg0))->as.ary : \
-          ((struct RStruct *)($arg0))->as.heap.ptr)
+    output/x *(($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER1|RUBY_FL_USER2)) ? \
+              ((struct RStruct *)($arg0))->as.ary : \
+              ((struct RStruct *)($arg0))->as.heap.ptr) @ $len
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_BIGNUM
-    printf "%sT_BIGNUM%s: sign=%d len=%ld ", $color_type, $color_end, \
-      (($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1) != 0), \
-      (($flags & RUBY_FL_USER2) ? \
-       ($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER5|RUBY_FL_USER4|RUBY_FL_USER3)) >> (RUBY_FL_USHIFT+3) : \
-       ((struct RBignum*)($arg0))->as.heap.len)
-    if $flags & RUBY_FL_USER2
-      printf "(embed) "
-    end
-    print (struct RBignum *)($arg0)
-    x/xw (($flags & RUBY_FL_USER2) ? \
-          ((struct RBignum*)($arg0))->as.ary : \
-          ((struct RBignum*)($arg0))->as.heap.digits)
+    rp_bignum $arg0
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_RATIONAL
     printf "%sT_RATIONAL%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
@@ -245,6 +249,12 @@ define rp
     printf "%sT_UNDEF%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
     print (struct RBasic *)($arg0)
   else
+  if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_IMEMO
+    printf "%sT_IMEMO%s(", $color_type, $color_end
+    output (enum imemo_type)(($flags>>RUBY_FL_USHIFT)&RUBY_IMEMO_MASK)
+    printf "): "
+    rp_imemo $arg0
+  else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_NODE
     printf "%sT_NODE%s(", $color_type, $color_end
     output (enum node_type)(($flags&RUBY_NODE_TYPEMASK)>>RUBY_NODE_TYPESHIFT)
@@ -255,6 +265,10 @@ define rp
     printf "%sT_ZOMBIE%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
     print (struct RData *)($arg0)
   else
+  if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_MOVED
+    printf "%sT_MOVED%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
+    print *(struct RMoved *)$arg0
+  else
     printf "%sunknown%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
     print (struct RBasic *)($arg0)
   end
@@ -289,6 +303,8 @@ define rp
   end
   end
   end
+  end
+  end
 end
 document rp
   Print a Ruby's VALUE.
@@ -320,6 +336,9 @@ define rp_id
   if $id == idLTLT
     printf "(:<<)\n"
   else
+  if $id == idGTGT
+    printf "(:>>)\n"
+  else
   if $id == idLE
     printf "(:<=)\n"
   else
@@ -347,6 +366,18 @@ define rp_id
   if $id == idASET
     printf "(:[]=)\n"
   else
+  if $id == idCOLON2
+    printf "(:'::')\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idANDOP
+    printf "(:&&)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idOROP
+    printf "(:||)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idANDDOT
+    printf "(:&.)\n"
+  else
     if $id <= tLAST_OP_ID
       printf "O"
     else
@@ -378,12 +409,13 @@ define rp_id
       end
     end
     printf "(%ld): ", $id
-    set $str = lookup_id_str($id)
-    if $str
-      rp_string $str
-    else
-      echo undef\n
-    end
+    print_id $id
+    echo \n
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
   end
   end
   end
@@ -406,16 +438,35 @@ document rp_id
   Print an ID.
 end
 
-define rp_string
+define output_string
   set $flags = ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags
-  set print address off
-  output (char *)(($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
+  set $len = ($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
+          ((struct RString*)($arg0))->as.heap.len : \
+          (($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER2|RUBY_FL_USER3|RUBY_FL_USER4|RUBY_FL_USER5|RUBY_FL_USER6)) >> RUBY_FL_USHIFT+2)
+  if $len > 0
+    output *(char *)(($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
 	    ((struct RString*)($arg0))->as.heap.ptr : \
-	    ((struct RString*)($arg0))->as.ary)
-  set print address on
-  printf " bytesize:%ld ", ($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
+	    ((struct RString*)($arg0))->as.ary) @ $len
+  else
+    output ""
+  end
+end
+
+define print_string
+  set $flags = ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags
+  set $len = ($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
           ((struct RString*)($arg0))->as.heap.len : \
           (($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER2|RUBY_FL_USER3|RUBY_FL_USER4|RUBY_FL_USER5|RUBY_FL_USER6)) >> RUBY_FL_USHIFT+2)
+  if $len > 0
+    printf "%s", *(char *)(($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
+	    ((struct RString*)($arg0))->as.heap.ptr : \
+	    ((struct RString*)($arg0))->as.ary) @ $len
+  end
+end
+
+define rp_string
+  output_string $arg0
+  printf " bytesize:%ld ", $len
   if !($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1)
     printf "(embed) "
   else
@@ -446,20 +497,109 @@ document rp_string
   Print the content of a String.
 end
 
+define rp_bignum
+  set $flags = ((struct RBignum*)($arg0))->basic.flags
+  set $len = (($flags & RUBY_FL_USER2) ? \
+       ($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER5|RUBY_FL_USER4|RUBY_FL_USER3)) >> (RUBY_FL_USHIFT+3) : \
+       ((struct RBignum*)($arg0))->as.heap.len)
+  printf "%sT_BIGNUM%s: sign=%d len=%ld ", $color_type, $color_end, \
+         (($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1) != 0), $len
+  if $flags & RUBY_FL_USER2
+    printf "(embed) "
+  end
+  print (struct RBignum *)($arg0)
+  set $ptr = (($flags & RUBY_FL_USER2) ? \
+              ((struct RBignum*)($arg0))->as.ary : \
+              ((struct RBignum*)($arg0))->as.heap.digits)
+  set $len = $len-1
+  printf "0x%x", $ptr[$len]
+  while $len > 0
+    set $len = $len-1
+    set $val = $ptr[$len]
+    set $w = sizeof($ptr[0])
+    printf "_"
+    if $w > 8
+      printf "%.32x", $val
+    else
+    if $w > 4
+      printf "%.16x", $val
+    else
+    if $w > 2
+      printf "%.8x", $val
+    else
+    if $w > 1
+      printf "%.4x", $val
+    else
+      printf "%.2x", $val
+    end
+    end
+    end
+    end
+  end
+  printf "\n"
+end
+document rp_bignum
+  Print the content of a Bignum.
+end
+
 define rp_class
   printf "(struct RClass *) %p", (void*)$arg0
-  if ((struct RClass *)($arg0))->ptr.origin != $arg0
-    printf " -> %p", ((struct RClass *)($arg0))->ptr.origin
+  if ((struct RClass *)($arg0))->ptr.origin_ != $arg0
+    printf " -> %p", ((struct RClass *)($arg0))->ptr.origin_
   end
   printf "\n"
   rb_classname $arg0
-  print *(struct RClass *)($arg0)
+  print/x *(struct RClass *)($arg0)
   print *((struct RClass *)($arg0))->ptr
 end
 document rp_class
   Print the content of a Class/Module.
 end
 
+define rp_imemo
+  set $flags = (enum imemo_type)((((struct RBasic *)($arg0))->flags >> RUBY_FL_USHIFT) & RUBY_IMEMO_MASK)
+  if $flags == imemo_cref
+    printf "(rb_cref_t *) %p\n", (void*)$arg0
+    print *(rb_cref_t *)$arg0
+  else
+  if $flags == imemo_svar
+    printf "(struct vm_svar *) %p\n", (void*)$arg0
+    print *(struct vm_svar *)$arg0
+  else
+  if $flags == imemo_throw_data
+    printf "(struct vm_throw_data *) %p\n", (void*)$arg0
+    print *(struct vm_throw_data *)$arg0
+  else
+  if $flags == imemo_ifunc
+    printf "(struct vm_ifunc *) %p\n", (void*)$arg0
+    print *(struct vm_ifunc *)$arg0
+  else
+  if $flags == imemo_memo
+    printf "(struct MEMO *) %p\n", (void*)$arg0
+    print *(struct MEMO *)$arg0
+  else
+  if $flags == imemo_ment
+    printf "(rb_method_entry_t *) %p\n", (void*)$arg0
+    print *(rb_method_entry_t *)$arg0
+  else
+  if $flags == imemo_iseq
+    printf "(rb_iseq_t *) %p\n", (void*)$arg0
+    print *(rb_iseq_t *)$arg0
+  else
+    printf "(struct RIMemo *) %p\n", (void*)$arg0
+    print *(struct RIMemo *)$arg0
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+end
+document rp_imemo
+  Print the content of a memo
+end
+
 define nd_type
   print (enum node_type)((((NODE*)($arg0))->flags&RUBY_NODE_TYPEMASK)>>RUBY_NODE_TYPESHIFT)
 end
@@ -569,12 +709,6 @@ define nd_cval
   rp ($arg0).u3.value
 end
 
-
-define nd_cnt
-  printf "%su3.cnt%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
-  p ($arg0).u3.cnt
-end
-
 define nd_tbl
   printf "%su1.tbl%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   p ($arg0).u1.tbl
@@ -613,12 +747,6 @@ define nd_lit
   rp ($arg0).u1.value
 end
 
-
-define nd_frml
-  printf "%su1.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
-  rp ($arg0).u1.node
-end
-
 define nd_rest
   printf "%su2.argc%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   p ($arg0).u2.argc
@@ -645,12 +773,6 @@ define nd_args
   rp ($arg0).u3.node
 end
 
-
-define nd_noex
-  printf "%su1.id%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
-  p ($arg0).u1.id
-end
-
 define nd_defn
   printf "%su3.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u3.node
@@ -668,17 +790,6 @@ define nd_new
 end
 
 
-define nd_cfnc
-  printf "%su1.cfunc%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
-  p ($arg0).u1.cfunc
-end
-
-define nd_argc
-  printf "%su2.argc%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
-  p ($arg0).u2.argc
-end
-
-
 define nd_cname
   printf "%su1.id%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   p ($arg0).u1.id
@@ -740,7 +851,7 @@ end
 
 define nd_tree
   set $buf = (struct RString *)rb_str_buf_new(0)
-  call dump_node((VALUE)($buf), rb_str_new(0, 0), 0, ($arg0))
+  call dump_node((VALUE)($buf), rb_str_tmp_new(0), 0, ($arg0))
   printf "%s\n", $buf->as.heap.ptr
 end
 
@@ -811,8 +922,7 @@ end
 
 define rb_classname
   # up to 128bit int
-  set $rb_classname_permanent = "0123456789ABCDEF"
-  set $rb_classname = classname($arg0, $rb_classname_permanent)
+  set $rb_classname = rb_mod_name($arg0)
   if $rb_classname != RUBY_Qnil
     rp $rb_classname
   else
@@ -861,7 +971,7 @@ define iseq
 end
 
 define rb_ps
-  rb_ps_vm ruby_current_vm
+  rb_ps_vm ruby_current_vm_ptr
 end
 document rb_ps
 Dump all threads and their callstacks
@@ -869,36 +979,307 @@ end
 
 define rb_ps_vm
   print $ps_vm = (rb_vm_t*)$arg0
-  set $ps_threads = (st_table*)$ps_vm->living_threads
-  if $ps_threads->entries_packed
-    set $ps_threads_i = 0
-    while $ps_threads_i < $ps_threads->num_entries
-      set $ps_threads_key = (st_data_t)$ps_threads->as.packed.entries[$ps_threads_i].key
-      set $ps_threads_val = (st_data_t)$ps_threads->as.packed.entries[$ps_threads_i].val
-      rb_ps_thread $ps_threads_key $ps_threads_val
-      set $ps_threads_i = $ps_threads_i + 1
-    end
-  else
-    set $ps_threads_ptr = (st_table_entry*)$ps_threads->head
-    while $ps_threads_ptr
-      set $ps_threads_key = (st_data_t)$ps_threads_ptr->key
-      set $ps_threads_val = (st_data_t)$ps_threads_ptr->record
-      rb_ps_thread $ps_threads_key $ps_threads_val
-      set $ps_threads_ptr = (st_table_entry*)$ps_threads_ptr->fore
+  set $ps_thread_ln = $ps_vm->living_threads.n.next
+  set $ps_thread_ln_last = $ps_vm->living_threads.n.prev
+  while 1
+    set $ps_thread_th = (rb_thread_t *)$ps_thread_ln
+    set $ps_thread = (VALUE)($ps_thread_th->self)
+    rb_ps_thread $ps_thread
+    if $ps_thread_ln == $ps_thread_ln_last
+      loop_break
     end
+    set $ps_thread_ln = $ps_thread_ln->next
   end
 end
 document rb_ps_vm
 Dump all threads in a (rb_vm_t*) and their callstacks
 end
 
-define rb_ps_thread
-  set $ps_thread = (struct RTypedData*)$arg0
-  set $ps_thread_id = $arg1
-  print $ps_thread_th = (rb_thread_t*)$ps_thread->data
+define print_lineno
+  set $cfp = $arg0
+  set $iseq = $cfp->iseq
+  set $pos = $cfp->pc - $iseq->body->iseq_encoded
+  if $pos != 0
+    set $pos = $pos - 1
+  end
+
+  set $index = 0
+  set $size = $iseq->body->insns_info.size
+  set $table = $iseq->body->insns_info.body
+  set $positions = $iseq->body->insns_info.positions
+  #printf "size: %d\n", $size
+  if $size == 0
+  else
+  if $size == 1
+    printf "%d", $table[0].line_no
+  else
+    if $positions
+      # get_insn_info_linear_search
+      set $index = 1
+      while $index < $size
+        #printf "table[%d]: position: %d, line: %d, pos: %d\n", $i, $positions[$i], $table[$i].line_no, $pos
+        if $positions[$index] > $pos
+          loop_break
+        end
+        set $index = $index + 1
+        if $positions[$index] == $pos
+          loop_break
+        end
+      end
+    else
+      # get_insn_info_succinct_bitvector
+      set $sd = $iseq->body->insns_info.succ_index_table
+      set $immediate_table_size = sizeof($sd->imm_part) / sizeof(uint64_t) * 9
+      if $pos < $immediate_table_size
+        set $i = $pos / 9
+        set $j = $pos % 9
+        set $index = ((int)($sd->imm_part[$i] >> ($j * 7))) & 0x7f
+      else
+        set $block_index = ($pos - $immediate_table_size) / 512
+        set $block = &$sd->succ_part[$block_index]
+        set $block_bit_index = ($pos - $immediate_table_size) % 512
+        set $small_block_index = $block_bit_index / 64
+        set $small_block_popcount = $small_block_index == 0 ? 0 : (((int)($block->small_block_ranks >> (($small_block_index - 1) * 9))) & 0x1ff)
+        set $x = $block->bits[$small_block_index] << (63 - $block_bit_index % 64)
+        set $x = ($x & 0x5555555555555555) + ($x >> 1 & 0x5555555555555555)
+        set $x = ($x & 0x3333333333333333) + ($x >> 2 & 0x3333333333333333)
+        set $x = ($x & 0x0707070707070707) + ($x >> 4 & 0x0707070707070707)
+        set $x = ($x & 0x001f001f001f001f) + ($x >> 8 & 0x001f001f001f001f)
+        set $x = ($x & 0x0000003f0000003f) + ($x >>16 & 0x0000003f0000003f)
+        set $popcnt = ($x & 0x7f) + ($x >>32 & 0x7f)
+        set $index = $block->rank + $small_block_popcount + $popcnt
+      end
+    end
+    printf "%d", $table[$index-1].line_no
+  end
+  end
+end
+
+define check_method_entry
+  set $imemo = (struct RBasic *)$arg0
+  if $imemo != RUBY_Qfalse
+    set $type = ($imemo->flags >> 12) & 0x07
+    if $type == imemo_ment
+      set $me = (rb_callable_method_entry_t *)$imemo
+    else
+    if $type == imemo_svar
+      set $imemo = ((struct vm_svar *)$imemo)->cref_or_me
+      check_method_entry $imemo
+    end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+define print_id
+  set $id = $arg0
+  # rb_id_to_serial
+  if $id > tLAST_OP_ID
+    set $serial = (rb_id_serial_t)($id >> RUBY_ID_SCOPE_SHIFT)
+  else
+    set $serial = (rb_id_serial_t)$id
+  end
+  if $serial && $serial <= ruby_global_symbols.last_id
+    set $idx = $serial / ID_ENTRY_UNIT
+    set $ids = (struct RArray *)ruby_global_symbols.ids
+    set $flags = $ids->basic.flags
+    if ($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1)
+      set $idsptr = $ids->as.ary
+      set $idslen = (($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER3|RUBY_FL_USER4)) >> (RUBY_FL_USHIFT+3))
+    else
+      set $idsptr = $ids->as.heap.ptr
+      set $idslen = $ids->as.heap.len
+    end
+    if $idx < $idslen
+      set $t = 0
+      set $ary = (struct RArray *)$idsptr[$idx]
+      if $ary != RUBY_Qnil
+        set $flags = $ary->basic.flags
+        if ($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1)
+          set $aryptr = $ary->as.ary
+          set $arylen = (($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER3|RUBY_FL_USER4)) >> (RUBY_FL_USHIFT+3))
+        else
+          set $aryptr = $ary->as.heap.ptr
+          set $arylen = $ary->as.heap.len
+        end
+        set $result = $aryptr[($serial % ID_ENTRY_UNIT) * ID_ENTRY_SIZE + $t]
+	if $result != RUBY_Qnil
+          print_string $result
+	else
+	  echo undef
+	end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+define print_pathobj
+  set $flags = ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags
+  if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_STRING
+    print_string $arg0
+  end
+  if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_ARRAY
+    if $flags & RUBY_FL_USER1
+      set $str = ((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.ary[0]
+    else
+      set $str = ((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.heap.ptr[0]
+    end
+    print_string $str
+  end
 end
 
-# Details: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-trunk/wiki/MachineInstructionsTraceWithGDB
+define rb_ps_thread
+  set $ps_thread = (struct RTypedData*)$arg0
+  set $ps_thread_th = (rb_thread_t*)$ps_thread->data
+  printf "* #<Thread:%p rb_thread_t:%p native_thread:%p>\n", \
+    $ps_thread, $ps_thread_th, $ps_thread_th->thread_id
+  set $cfp = $ps_thread_th->ec->cfp
+  set $cfpend = (rb_control_frame_t *)($ps_thread_th->ec->vm_stack + $ps_thread_th->ec->vm_stack_size)-1
+  while $cfp < $cfpend
+    if $cfp->iseq
+      if !((VALUE)$cfp->iseq & RUBY_IMMEDIATE_MASK) && (((imemo_ifunc << RUBY_FL_USHIFT) | RUBY_T_IMEMO)==$cfp->iseq->flags & ((RUBY_IMEMO_MASK << RUBY_FL_USHIFT) | RUBY_T_MASK))
+        printf "%d:ifunc ", $cfpend-$cfp
+        set print symbol-filename on
+        output/a $cfp->iseq.body
+        set print symbol-filename off
+        printf "\n"
+      else
+      if $cfp->pc
+        set $location = $cfp->iseq->body->location
+        printf "%d:", $cfpend-$cfp
+        print_pathobj $location.pathobj
+        printf ":"
+        print_lineno $cfp
+        printf ":in `"
+        print_string $location.label
+        printf "'\n"
+      else
+        printf "%d: ???.rb:???:in `???'\n", $cfpend-$cfp
+      end
+      end
+    else
+      # if VM_FRAME_TYPE($cfp->flag) == VM_FRAME_MAGIC_CFUNC
+      set $ep = $cfp->ep
+      if ($ep[0] & 0xffff0001) == 0x55550001
+        #define VM_ENV_FLAG_LOCAL 0x02
+        #define VM_ENV_PREV_EP(ep)   GC_GUARDED_PTR_REF(ep[VM_ENV_DATA_INDEX_SPECVAL])
+        set $me = 0
+        set $env_specval = $ep[-1]
+        set $env_me_cref = $ep[-2]
+        while ($env_specval & 0x02) != 0
+          check_method_entry $env_me_cref
+          if $me != 0
+            loop_break
+          end
+          set $ep = $ep[0]
+          set $env_specval = $ep[-1]
+          set $env_me_cref = $ep[-2]
+        end
+        if $me == 0
+          check_method_entry $env_me_cref
+        end
+        printf "%d:", $cfpend-$cfp
+        set print symbol-filename on
+        output/a $me->def->body.cfunc.func
+        set print symbol-filename off
+        set $mid = $me->def->original_id
+        printf ":in `"
+        print_id $mid
+        printf "'\n"
+      else
+        printf "%d:unknown_frame:???:in `???'\n", $cfpend-$cfp
+      end
+    end
+    set $cfp = $cfp + 1
+  end
+end
+
+define rb_count_objects
+  set $objspace = ruby_current_vm_ptr->objspace
+  set $counts_00 = 0
+  set $counts_01 = 0
+  set $counts_02 = 0
+  set $counts_03 = 0
+  set $counts_04 = 0
+  set $counts_05 = 0
+  set $counts_06 = 0
+  set $counts_07 = 0
+  set $counts_08 = 0
+  set $counts_09 = 0
+  set $counts_0a = 0
+  set $counts_0b = 0
+  set $counts_0c = 0
+  set $counts_0d = 0
+  set $counts_0e = 0
+  set $counts_0f = 0
+  set $counts_10 = 0
+  set $counts_11 = 0
+  set $counts_12 = 0
+  set $counts_13 = 0
+  set $counts_14 = 0
+  set $counts_15 = 0
+  set $counts_16 = 0
+  set $counts_17 = 0
+  set $counts_18 = 0
+  set $counts_19 = 0
+  set $counts_1a = 0
+  set $counts_1b = 0
+  set $counts_1c = 0
+  set $counts_1d = 0
+  set $counts_1e = 0
+  set $counts_1f = 0
+  set $total = 0
+  set $i = 0
+  while $i < $objspace->heap_pages.allocated_pages
+    printf "\rcounting... %d/%d", $i, $objspace->heap_pages.allocated_pages
+    set $page = $objspace->heap_pages.sorted[$i]
+    set $p = $page->start
+    set $pend = $p + $page->total_slots
+    while $p < $pend
+      set $flags = $p->as.basic.flags & 0x1f
+      eval "set $counts_%02x = $counts_%02x + 1", $flags, $flags
+      set $p = $p + 1
+    end
+    set $total = $total + $page->total_slots
+    set $i = $i + 1
+  end
+  printf "\rTOTAL: %d, FREE: %d\n", $total, $counts_00
+  printf "T_OBJECT: %d\n", $counts_01
+  printf "T_CLASS: %d\n", $counts_02
+  printf "T_MODULE: %d\n", $counts_03
+  printf "T_FLOAT: %d\n", $counts_04
+  printf "T_STRING: %d\n", $counts_05
+  printf "T_REGEXP: %d\n", $counts_06
+  printf "T_ARRAY: %d\n", $counts_07
+  printf "T_HASH: %d\n", $counts_08
+  printf "T_STRUCT: %d\n", $counts_09
+  printf "T_BIGNUM: %d\n", $counts_0a
+  printf "T_FILE: %d\n", $counts_0b
+  printf "T_DATA: %d\n", $counts_0c
+  printf "T_MATCH: %d\n", $counts_0d
+  printf "T_COMPLEX: %d\n", $counts_0e
+  printf "T_RATIONAL: %d\n", $counts_0f
+  #printf "UNKNOWN_10: %d\n", $counts_10
+  printf "T_NIL: %d\n", $counts_11
+  printf "T_TRUE: %d\n", $counts_12
+  printf "T_FALSE: %d\n", $counts_13
+  printf "T_SYMBOL: %d\n", $counts_14
+  printf "T_FIXNUM: %d\n", $counts_15
+  printf "T_UNDEF: %d\n", $counts_16
+  #printf "UNKNOWN_17: %d\n", $counts_17
+  #printf "UNKNOWN_18: %d\n", $counts_18
+  #printf "UNKNOWN_19: %d\n", $counts_19
+  printf "T_IMEMO: %d\n", $counts_1a
+  printf "T_NODE: %d\n", $counts_1b
+  printf "T_ICLASS: %d\n", $counts_1c
+  printf "T_ZOMBIE: %d\n", $counts_1d
+  #printf "UNKNOWN_1E: %d\n", $counts_1e
+  printf "T_MASK: %d\n", $counts_1f
+end
+document rb_count_objects
+  Counts all objects grouped by type.
+end
+
+# Details: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-master/wiki/MachineInstructionsTraceWithGDB
 define trace_machine_instructions
   set logging on
   set height 0
@@ -914,3 +1295,57 @@ define SDR
   call rb_vmdebug_stack_dump_raw_current()
 end
 
+define rbi
+  if ((LINK_ELEMENT*)$arg0)->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL
+    p *(LABEL*)$arg0
+  else
+  if ((LINK_ELEMENT*)$arg0)->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN
+    p *(INSN*)$arg0
+  else
+  if ((LINK_ELEMENT*)$arg0)->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST
+    p *(ADJUST*)$arg0
+  else
+    print *$arg0
+  end
+  end
+  end
+end
+
+define dump_node
+  set $str = rb_parser_dump_tree($arg0, 0)
+  set $flags = ((struct RBasic*)($str))->flags
+  printf "%s", (char *)(($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
+                        ((struct RString*)$str)->as.heap.ptr : \
+                        ((struct RString*)$str)->as.ary)
+end
+
+define print_flags
+  printf "RUBY_FL_WB_PROTECTED: %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_WB_PROTECTED ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_PROMOTED0   : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_PROMOTED0 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_PROMOTED1   : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_PROMOTED1 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_FINALIZE    : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_FINALIZE ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_TAINT       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_TAINT ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_UNTRUSTED   : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_UNTRUSTED ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_EXIVAR      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_EXIVAR ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_FREEZE      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_FREEZE ? "1" : "0"
+
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER0       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER0 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER1       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER1 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER2       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER2 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER3       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER3 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER4       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER4 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER5       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER5 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER6       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER6 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER7       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER7 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER8       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER8 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER9       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER9 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER10      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER10 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER11      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER11 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER12      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER12 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER13      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER13 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER14      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER14 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER15      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER15 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER16      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER16 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER17      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER17 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER18      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER18 ? "1" : "0"
+end
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d0c2d266b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+*.gemspec diff=ruby
+*.rb diff=ruby
+bin svn-properties=svn:ignore=ruby
+bin/* diff=ruby
+tool/update-deps diff=ruby
+tool/make-snapshot diff=ruby
+tool/format-release diff=ruby
+tool/leaked-globals diff=ruby
diff --git a/.github/SECURITY.md b/.github/SECURITY.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..56baa29942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/SECURITY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+## Supported Versions
+
+See <https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/branches/>.
+
+## Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+See <https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/security/>.
diff --git a/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml b/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7196708b21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+name: "CodeQL config for the Ruby language"
+
+paths-ignore:
+  - '/ext/**/*/conftest.c'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/baseruby.yml b/.github/workflows/baseruby.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16d1e4a85a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/baseruby.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+name: BASERUBY Check
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  baseruby:
+    name: BASERUBY
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        ruby:
+          - ruby-2.2
+#         - ruby-2.3
+#         - ruby-2.4
+#         - ruby-2.5
+#         - ruby-2.6
+          - ruby-2.7
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          ruby-version: ${{ matrix.ruby }}
+          bundler: none
+      - run: echo "make=make -sj$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - run: sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf bison
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
+      - run: ./configure --disable-install-doc
+      - run: $make update-unicode
+      - run: $make common-srcs
+      - run: $make incs
+      - run: $make all
+      - run: $make test
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / BASERUBY @ ${{ matrix.ruby }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/check_dependencies.yml b/.github/workflows/check_dependencies.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5c5ea3036
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/check_dependencies.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+name: Check Dependencies
+on: [push, pull_request]
+jobs:
+  update-deps:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04, macos-latest]
+      fail-fast: true
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    steps:
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          sudo apt-get update -q || :
+          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev libgdbm-dev bison autoconf ruby
+        if: "contains(matrix.os, 'ubuntu')"
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: |
+          brew upgrade
+          brew install gdbm gmp libffi openssl@1.1 zlib autoconf automake libtool readline
+        if: "contains(matrix.os, 'macos')"
+      - name: git config
+        run: |
+          git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: ./configure -C --disable-install-doc --disable-rubygems --with-gcc 'optflags=-O0' 'debugflags=-save-temps=obj -g'
+      - run: make all golf
+      - run: ruby tool/update-deps --fix
+      - run: git diff --no-ext-diff --ignore-submodules --exit-code
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ matrix.os }} / Dependencies need to update",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/check_misc.yml b/.github/workflows/check_misc.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f4bbc7093
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/check_misc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+name: Miscellaneous checks
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  checks:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Check if C-sources are US-ASCII
+        run: |
+          ! grep -r -n '[^	 -~]' *.[chy] include internal win32/*.[ch]
+      - name: Check for header macros
+        run: |
+          ! for header in ruby/*.h; do \
+            git grep -l -F -e $header -e HAVE_`echo $header | tr a-z./ A-Z__` -- . > /dev/null || echo $header
+          done | grep -F .
+        working-directory: include
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9fbabd35c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+name: "Code scanning - action"
+
+on:
+  push:
+  pull_request:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 12 * * 4'
+
+jobs:
+  CodeQL-Build:
+
+    # CodeQL runs on ubuntu-latest and windows-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Install libraries
+      run: |
+        set -x
+        sudo apt-get update -q || :
+        sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev libgdbm-dev bison autoconf ruby
+
+    - name: Checkout repository
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      with:
+        fetch-depth: 2
+
+    - run: git checkout HEAD^2
+      if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+
+    - name: Remove an obsolete rubygems vendored file
+      run: sudo rm /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/rubygems/defaults/operating_system.rb
+
+    - name: Initialize CodeQL
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
+      with:
+        languages: cpp
+        config-file: ./.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
+
+    - name: Autobuild
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v1
+
+    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/compilers.yml b/.github/workflows/compilers.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b954c64bd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/compilers.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+name: Compilations
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+# Github actions does not support YAML anchors.  This creative use of
+# environment variables (plus the "echo ::set-env" hack) is to reroute that
+# restriction.
+env:
+  default_cc: clang-11
+  append_cc: ''
+  crosshost: ''
+
+  # -O1 is faster than -O3 in our tests... Majority of time are consumed trying
+  # to optimize binaries.  Also Github Actions runs on a relatively modern CPU
+  # compared to, say, GCC 4 or Clang 3.  We don't specify `-march=native`
+  # because compilers tend not understand what the CPU is.
+  optflags: '-O1'
+
+  # -g0 disables backtraces when SEGV.  Do not set that.
+  debugflags: '-ggdb3'
+
+  default_configure: >-
+    --enable-debug-env
+    --disable-install-doc
+    --with-ext=-test-/cxxanyargs,+
+  append_configure: >-
+    --without-valgrind
+    --without-jemalloc
+    --without-gmp
+
+  UPDATE_UNICODE: >-
+    UNICODE_FILES=.
+    UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES=.
+    UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES=.
+    UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES=.
+  CONFIGURE_TTY: never
+  GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
+  RUBY_DEBUG: ci rgengc
+  RUBY_TESTOPTS: >-
+    -q
+    --color=always
+    --tty=no
+
+jobs:
+  compile:
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        entry:
+          - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-10,    value: gcc-10 }
+#         - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-9,     value: gcc-9 }
+#         - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-8,     value: gcc-8 }
+#         - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-7,     value: gcc-7 }
+#         - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-6,     value: gcc-6 }
+#         - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-5,     value: gcc-5 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-4.8,   value: gcc-4.8 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-12,  value: clang-12 }
+#         - { key: default_cc, name: clang-11,  value: clang-11 }
+#         - { key: default_cc, name: clang-10,  value: clang-10 }
+#         - { key: default_cc, name: clang-9,   value: clang-9 }
+#         - { key: default_cc, name: clang-8,   value: clang-8 }
+#         - { key: default_cc, name: clang-7,   value: clang-7 }
+#         - { key: default_cc, name: clang-6.0, value: clang-6.0 }
+#         - { key: default_cc, name: clang-5.0, value: clang-5.0 }
+#         - { key: default_cc, name: clang-4.0, value: clang-4.0 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-3.9, value: clang-3.9 }
+
+          - { key: crosshost, name: aarch64-linux-gnu,     value: aarch64-linux-gnu }
+#         - { key: crosshost, name: arm-linux-gnueabi,     value: arm-linux-gnueabi }
+#         - { key: crosshost, name: arm-linux-gnueabihf,   value: arm-linux-gnueabihf }
+#         - { key: crosshost, name: i686-w64-mingw32,      value: i686-w64-mingw32 }
+#         - { key: crosshost, name: powerpc-linux-gnu,     value: powerpc-linux-gnu }
+          - { key: crosshost, name: powerpc64le-linux-gnu, value: powerpc64le-linux-gnu }
+          - { key: crosshost, name: s390x-linux-gnu,       value: s390x-linux-gnu }
+          - { key: crosshost, name: x86_64-w64-mingw32,    value: x86_64-w64-mingw32 }
+
+          - { key: append_cc, name: c99,   value: '-std=c99   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors' }
+#         - { key: append_cc, name: c11,   value: '-std=c11   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors' }
+#         - { key: append_cc, name: c17,   value: '-std=c17   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors' }
+          - { key: append_cc, name: c2x,   value: '-std=c2x   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors' }
+          - { key: CXXFLAGS,  name: c++98, value: '-std=c++98 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }
+#         - { key: CXXFLAGS,  name: c++11, value: '-std=c++11 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }
+#         - { key: CXXFLAGS,  name: c++14, value: '-std=c++14 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }
+#         - { key: CXXFLAGS,  name: c++17, value: '-std=c++17 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }
+          - { key: CXXFLAGS,  name: c++2a, value: '-std=c++2a -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }
+
+          - { key: optflags, name: '-O0', value: '-O0 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic' }
+#         - { key: optflags, name: '-O3', value: '-O3 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic' }
+
+          - { key: append_configure, name: gmp,                  value: '--with-gmp' }
+          - { key: append_configure, name: jemalloc,             value: '--with-jemalloc' }
+          - { key: append_configure, name: valgrind,             value: '--with-valgrind' }
+          - { key: append_configure, name: 'coroutine=ucontext', value: '--with-coroutine=ucontext' }
+          - { key: append_configure, name: 'coroutine=copy',     value: '--with-coroutine=copy' }
+          - { key: append_configure, name: disable-jit-support,  value: '--disable-jit-support' }
+          - { key: append_configure, name: disable-dln,          value: '--disable-dln' }
+          - { key: append_configure, name: disable-rubygems,     value: '--disable-rubygems' }
+
+          - { key: cppflags, name: OPT_THREADED_CODE=1,            value: '-DOPT_THREADED_CODE=1' }
+          - { key: cppflags, name: OPT_THREADED_CODE=2,            value: '-DOPT_THREADED_CODE=2' }
+          - { key: cppflags, name: OPT_THREADED_CODE=3,            value: '-DOPT_THREADED_CODE=3' }
+
+          - { key: cppflags, name: NDEBUG,                         value: '-DNDEBUG' }
+          - { key: cppflags, name: RUBY_DEBUG,                     value: '-DRUBY_DEBUG' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: ARRAY_DEBUG,                    value: '-DARRAY_DEBUG' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: BIGNUM_DEBUG,                   value: '-DBIGNUM_DEBUG' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: CCAN_LIST_DEBUG,                value: '-DCCAN_LIST_DEBUG' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: CPDEBUG=-1,                     value: '-DCPDEBUG=-1' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: ENC_DEBUG,                      value: '-DENC_DEBUG' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: GC_DEBUG,                       value: '-DGC_DEBUG' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: HASH_DEBUG,                     value: '-DHASH_DEBUG' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: ID_TABLE_DEBUG,                 value: '-DID_TABLE_DEBUG' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_DEBUG=-1,                value: '-DRGENGC_DEBUG=-1' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: SYMBOL_DEBUG,                   value: '-DSYMBOL_DEBUG' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: THREAD_DEBUG=-1,                value: '-DTHREAD_DEBUG=-1' }
+
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_CHECK_MODE,              value: '-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: TRANSIENT_HEAP_CHECK_MODE,      value: '-DTRANSIENT_HEAP_CHECK_MODE' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: VM_CHECK_MODE,                  value: '-DVM_CHECK_MODE' }
+
+          - { key: cppflags, name: USE_EMBED_CI=0,                 value: '-DUSE_EMBED_CI=0' }
+          - { key: cppflags, name: USE_FLONUM=0,                   value: '-DUSE_FLONUM=0' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: USE_GC_MALLOC_OBJ_INFO_DETAILS, value: '-DUSE_GC_MALLOC_OBJ_INFO_DETAILS' }
+          - { key: cppflags, name: USE_LAZY_LOAD,                  value: '-DUSE_LAZY_LOAD' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: USE_RINCGC=0,                   value: '-DUSE_RINCGC=0' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: USE_SYMBOL_GC=0,                value: '-DUSE_SYMBOL_GC=0' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: USE_THREAD_CACHE=0,             value: '-DUSE_THREAD_CACHE=0' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: USE_TRANSIENT_HEAP=0,           value: '-DUSE_TRANSIENT_HEAP=0' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: USE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG=1,           value: '-DUSE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG=1' }
+
+          - { key: cppflags, name: DEBUG_FIND_TIME_NUMGUESS,       value: '-DDEBUG_FIND_TIME_NUMGUESS' }
+          - { key: cppflags, name: DEBUG_INTEGER_PACK,             value: '-DDEBUG_INTEGER_PACK' }
+          - { key: cppflags, name: ENABLE_PATH_CHECK,              value: '-DENABLE_PATH_CHECK' }
+
+          - { key: cppflags, name: GC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS,       value: '-DGC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: GC_ENABLE_LAZY_SWEEP=0,         value: '-DGC_ENABLE_LAZY_SWEEP=0' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: GC_PROFILE_DETAIL_MEMOTY,       value: '-DGC_PROFILE_DETAIL_MEMOTY' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: GC_PROFILE_MORE_DETAIL,         value: '-DGC_PROFILE_MORE_DETAIL' }
+
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: CALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE,         value: '-DCALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: MALLOC_ALLOCATED_SIZE_CHECK,    value: '-DMALLOC_ALLOCATED_SIZE_CHECK' }
+
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER,   value: '-DIBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER' }
+
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC,      value: '-DRGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_FORCE_MAJOR_GC,          value: '-DRGENGC_FORCE_MAJOR_GC' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_OBJ_INFO,                value: '-DRGENGC_OBJ_INFO' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_OLD_NEWOBJ_CHECK,        value: '-DRGENGC_OLD_NEWOBJ_CHECK' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_PROFILE,                 value: '-DRGENGC_PROFILE' }
+
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: VM_DEBUG_BP_CHECK,              value: '-DVM_DEBUG_BP_CHECK' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: VM_DEBUG_VERIFY_METHOD_CACHE,   value: '-DVM_DEBUG_VERIFY_METHOD_CACHE' }
+
+          - { key: cppflags, name: MJIT_FORCE_ENABLE,              value: '-DMJIT_FORCE_ENABLE' }
+
+    name: ${{ matrix.entry.name }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: ghcr.io/ruby/ruby-ci-image:latest
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    steps:
+      - run: mkdir build
+        working-directory:
+      - name: setenv
+        run: |
+          echo "${{ matrix.entry.key }}=${{ matrix.entry.value }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "make=make -sj$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          path: src
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
+        working-directory: src
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: |
+          if [ -n "${crosshost}" ]; then
+            ../src/configure -C \
+              ${default_configure} \
+              ${append_configure} \
+              --host="${crosshost}"
+          else
+            ../src/configure -C \
+              ${default_configure} \
+              ${append_configure} \
+              --with-gcc="${default_cc} ${append_cc}"
+          fi
+      - run: $make extract-extlibs
+      - run: $make incs
+      - run: $make
+      - run: $make test
+      - run: $make install
+        if: "matrix.entry.name == '-O3'"
+      - run: /usr/local/bin/gem install --no-doc timezone tzinfo
+        if: "matrix.entry.name == '-O3'"
+      - run: $make test-tool
+        if: "matrix.entry.name == '-O3'"
+      - run: $make test-all TESTS='-- ruby -ext-'
+        if: "matrix.entry.name == '-O3'"
+      - run: $make test-spec
+        if: "matrix.entry.name == '-O3'"
+
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.entry.name }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/macos.yml b/.github/workflows/macos.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9c0a17302
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/macos.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+name: macOS
+on: [push, pull_request]
+jobs:
+  make:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        test_task: [ "check", "test-bundler-parallel" ] #, "test-bundled-gems" ] matrix tests has unknown issues
+      fail-fast: false
+    env:
+      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    steps:
+      - run: mkdir build
+        working-directory:
+      - name: Disable Firewall
+        run: |
+          sudo /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --setglobalstate off
+          sudo /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --getglobalstate
+      - name: git config
+        run: |
+          git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          path: src
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: |
+          export WAITS='5 60'
+          tool/travis_retry.sh brew upgrade
+          tool/travis_retry.sh brew install gdbm gmp libffi openssl@1.1 zlib autoconf automake libtool readline
+        working-directory: src
+      - name: Set ENV
+        run: |
+          echo "JOBS=-j$((1 + $(sysctl -n hw.activecpu)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
+        working-directory: src
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc --with-openssl-dir=$(brew --prefix openssl@1.1) --with-readline-dir=$(brew --prefix readline)
+      - run: make $JOBS incs
+      - run: make $JOBS
+      - run: make leaked-globals
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+      - run: make prepare-gems
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+      - run: make $JOBS -s ${{ matrix.test_task }}
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+        env:
+          RUBY_TESTOPTS: "-q --tty=no"
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: "rexml"
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mingw.yml b/.github/workflows/mingw.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a5d64c7b2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/mingw.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+name: MinGW
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+# Notes:
+# Actions console encoding causes issues, see test-all & test-spec steps
+#
+jobs:
+  make:
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    name: ${{ github.workflow }} (${{ matrix.msystem }})
+    env:
+      MSYSTEM: MINGW64
+      MSYSTEM_PREFIX: /mingw64
+      MSYS2_ARCH: x86_64
+      CHOST: "x86_64-w64-mingw32"
+      CFLAGS:   "-march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O3 -pipe -fstack-protector-strong"
+      CXXFLAGS: "-march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O3 -pipe"
+      CPPFLAGS: "-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048"
+      LDFLAGS:  "-pipe -fstack-protector-strong"
+      UPDATE_UNICODE: "UNICODE_FILES=. UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES=. UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES=. UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES=."
+      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        test_task: [ "check" ] # to make job names consistent
+      fail-fast: false
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    steps:
+      - run: mkdir build
+        working-directory:
+      - name: git config
+        run: |
+          git config --system core.autocrlf false
+          git config --system core.eol lf
+          git config --system advice.detachedHead 0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          path: src
+      - name: Set up Ruby & MSYS2
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          ruby-version: 2.6
+          mingw: _upgrade_ gdbm gmp libffi libyaml openssl ragel readline
+          msys2: automake1.16 bison
+      - name: where check
+        run: |
+          # show where
+          Write-Host
+          $where = 'gcc.exe', 'ragel.exe', 'make.exe', 'bison.exe', 'libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll', 'libssl-1_1-x64.dll'
+          foreach ($e in $where) {
+            $rslt = where.exe $e 2>&1 | Out-String
+            if ($rslt.contains($e)) { Write-Host $rslt }
+            else { Write-Host "`nCan't find $e" }
+          }
+
+      - name: autogen
+        run: |
+          ./autogen.sh
+        working-directory: src
+        shell: sh
+
+      - name: configure
+        run: |
+          # Actions uses UTF8, causes test failures, similar to normal OS setup
+          $PSDefaultParameterValues['*:Encoding'] = 'utf8'
+          [Console]::OutputEncoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
+          [Console]::InputEncoding  = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
+          $config_args = "--build=$env:CHOST --host=$env:CHOST --target=$env:CHOST"
+          Write-Host $config_args
+          sh -c "../src/configure --disable-install-doc --prefix=/. $config_args"
+          # Write-Host "-------------------------------------- config.log"
+          # Get-Content ./config.log | foreach {Write-Output $_}
+
+      - name: update
+        run: |
+          $jobs = [int](2 * $env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS)
+          make -j $jobs incs
+
+      - name: download gems
+        run: |
+          $jobs = [int](2 * $env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS)
+          make -j $jobs update-gems
+
+      - name: make all
+        timeout-minutes: 40
+        run: |
+          $jobs = [int](2 * $env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS)
+          make -j $jobs
+
+      - name: make install
+        run: |
+          # Actions uses UTF8, causes test failures, similar to normal OS setup
+          $PSDefaultParameterValues['*:Encoding'] = 'utf8'
+          [Console]::OutputEncoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
+          [Console]::InputEncoding  = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
+          make DESTDIR=../install install-nodoc
+
+      - name: test
+        timeout-minutes: 5
+        run: |
+          make test
+
+      - name: test-all
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+        run: |
+          # Actions uses UTF8, causes test failures, similar to normal OS setup
+          $PSDefaultParameterValues['*:Encoding'] = 'utf8'
+          [Console]::OutputEncoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
+          [Console]::InputEncoding  = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
+          $jobs = [int](1.5 * $env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS)
+          if ($env:BUNDLER_VERSION) { Remove-Item env:\BUNDLER_VERSION }
+          make test-all TESTOPTS="-j $jobs --retry --job-status=normal --show-skip --timeout-scale=1.5"
+
+      - name: test-spec
+        timeout-minutes: 10
+        working-directory: src/spec/ruby
+        run: |
+          $env:Path = "$pwd/../../../install/bin;$env:Path"
+          # Actions uses UTF8, causes test failures, similar to normal OS setup
+          $PSDefaultParameterValues['*:Encoding'] = 'utf8'
+          [Console]::OutputEncoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
+          [Console]::InputEncoding  = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
+          ruby -v
+          ruby ../mspec/bin/mspec -I../../tool/lib -j
+
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} ${{ matrix.msystem }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mjit.yml b/.github/workflows/mjit.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e3a6d6ab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/mjit.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+name: MJIT
+on: [push, pull_request]
+jobs:
+  make:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        test_task: [ "check" ] # to make job names consistent
+        jit_opts: [ "--jit", "--jit-wait" ]
+      fail-fast: false
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    env:
+      TESTOPTS: '-q --tty=no'
+      RUN_OPTS: '--disable-gems ${{ matrix.jit_opts }} --jit-debug=-ggdb3'
+      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
+    steps:
+      - run: mkdir build
+        working-directory:
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          sudo apt-get update -q || :
+          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev libgdbm-dev bison autoconf ruby
+      - name: git config
+        run: |
+          git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          path: src
+      - name: Fixed world writable dirs
+        run: |
+          chmod -v go-w $HOME $HOME/.config
+          sudo chmod -R go-w /usr/share
+          sudo bash -c 'IFS=:; for d in '"$PATH"'; do chmod -v go-w $d; done' || :
+      - name: Set ENV
+        run: |
+          echo "JOBS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
+        working-directory: src
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc cppflags=-DVM_CHECK_MODE
+      - run: make $JOBS incs
+      - run: make $JOBS
+      - run: sudo make $JOBS -s install
+      - run: sudo apt-get install gdb # used by test / test-all failure
+      - name: Run test
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited
+          make $JOBS -s test RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS"
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+      - name: Run test-all
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited
+          make $JOBS -s test-all RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS"
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+      - name: Run test-spec
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited
+          make $JOBS -s test-spec RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS"
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${{ matrix.jit_opts }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/spec_guards.yml b/.github/workflows/spec_guards.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf053cdd05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/spec_guards.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+name: Rubyspec Version Guards Check
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  rubyspec:
+    name: Rubyspec
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        # Specs from ruby/spec should still run on all supported Ruby versions.
+        # This also ensures the needed ruby_version_is guards are there, see spec/README.md.
+        ruby:
+          - ruby-2.5
+#         - ruby-2.6
+          - ruby-2.7
+          - ruby-3.0
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          ruby-version: ${{ matrix.ruby }}
+          bundler: none
+      - run: gem install webrick
+      - run: ruby ../mspec/bin/mspec
+        working-directory: spec/ruby
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / rubyspec @ ${{ matrix.ruby }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml b/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93187699be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+name: Ubuntu
+on: [push, pull_request]
+jobs:
+  make:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        test_task: [ "check", "test-bundler-parallel", "test-bundled-gems", "test-all TESTS=--repeat-count=2" ]
+        os:
+          - ubuntu-20.04
+#         - ubuntu-18.04
+#         - ubuntu-16.04
+        debug: ["", "-DRUBY_DEBUG"]
+        exclude:
+          - test_task: test-bundler-parallel
+            os: ubuntu-16.04
+          - test_task: test-bundled-gems
+            os: ubuntu-16.04
+          - test_task: "test-all TESTS=--repeat-count=2"
+            os: ubuntu-16.04
+          - os: ubuntu-16.04
+            debug: -DRUBY_DEBUG
+          - test_task: "test-all TESTS=--repeat-count=2"
+            debug: -DRUBY_DEBUG
+      fail-fast: false
+    env:
+      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
+      RUBY_DEBUG: ci
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    steps:
+      - run: mkdir build
+        working-directory:
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          sudo apt-get update -q || :
+          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev libgdbm-dev bison autoconf ruby
+      - name: git config
+        run: |
+          git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          path: src
+      - name: Fixed world writable dirs
+        run: |
+          chmod -v go-w $HOME $HOME/.config
+          sudo chmod -R go-w /usr/share
+          sudo bash -c 'IFS=:; for d in '"$PATH"'; do chmod -v go-w $d; done' || :
+      - name: Set ENV
+        run: |
+          echo "JOBS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
+        working-directory: src
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc cppflags=${{ matrix.debug }}
+      - run: make $JOBS incs
+      - run: make $JOBS
+      - run: make leaked-globals
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+      - run: make prepare-gems
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+      - name: Create dummy files in build dir
+        run: |
+          ./miniruby -e '(("a".."z").to_a+("A".."Z").to_a+("0".."9").to_a+%w[foo bar test zzz]).each{|basename|File.write("#{basename}.rb", "raise %(do not load #{basename}.rb)")}'
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+      - run: make $JOBS -s ${{ matrix.test_task }}
+        timeout-minutes: 30
+        env:
+          RUBY_TESTOPTS: "-q --tty=no"
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: ""
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ matrix.os }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}${{ matrix.debug }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/windows.yml b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..98e59ae188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+name: Windows
+on: [push, pull_request]
+jobs:
+  make:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        test_task: [test]
+        os: [windows-2019]
+        vs: [2019]
+      fail-fast: false
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    env:
+      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
+      VCVARS: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\${{ matrix.vs }}\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    steps:
+      - run: md build
+        working-directory:
+      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+        with:
+          path: C:\vcpkg\downloads
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-download-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ github.sha }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-download-${{ matrix.os }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-download-
+      - name: Install libraries with vcpkg
+        run: |
+          vcpkg --triplet x64-windows install readline zlib
+      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+        with:
+          path: C:\Users\runneradmin\AppData\Local\Temp\chocolatey
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-chocolatey-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ github.sha }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-chocolatey-${{ matrix.os }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-chocolatey-
+      - name: Install libraries with chocolatey
+        run: |
+          choco install --no-progress openssl
+          choco install --no-progress winflexbison3 --version=2.5.18.20190508
+      - name: git config
+        run: |
+          git config --system advice.detachedHead 0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          path: src
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "%VCVARS%"
+          ../src/win32/configure.bat --disable-install-doc --without-ext=+,dbm,gdbm --enable-bundled-libffi --with-opt-dir=C:/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows --with-openssl-dir="C:/Program Files/OpenSSL-Win64"
+      - name: nmake
+        run: |
+          call "%VCVARS%"
+          set YACC=win_bison
+          echo on
+          nmake incs
+          nmake extract-extlibs
+          nmake
+      - name: nmake test
+        timeout-minutes: 30
+        run: |
+          call "%VCVARS%"
+          nmake ${{ matrix.test_task }}
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ matrix.os }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
+    shell: cmd
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index a9104e9ed5..8d11d7278a 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,44 +1,69 @@
 *-*-*.def
+*-*-*.exp
+*-*-*.lib
 *.a
 *.bak
+*.bc
+*.bundle
 *.dSYM
 *.dmyh
 *.dylib
 *.elc
+*.i
 *.inc
 *.log
 *.o
+*.obj
+*.old
 *.orig
+*.pch
+*.pdb
+*.rbinc
 *.rej
+*.s
 *.sav
+*.sl
+*.so
 *.swp
+*.yarb
 *~
-.*-*
 .*.list
 .*.time
 .DS_Store
+.bundle
 .ccmalloc
 .ext
 .pc
 .ppack
 .svn
+.time
+.ruby-version
 Makefile
-Makefile.old
+cygruby*.def
 extconf.h
 y.output
 y.tab.c
+*.gcda
+*.gcno
+*.gcov
+*.vscode
+lcov*.info
 
 # /
 /*-fake.rb
+/*.dll
+/*.exe
+/*.res
 /*.pc
+/*.rc
 /*_prelude.c
+/.downloaded-cache
+/.top-enc.mk
+/build*/
 /COPYING.LIB
-/ChangeLog-*
-/ChangeLog.pre-alpha
-/ChangeLog.pre1_1
+/ChangeLog
 /Doxyfile
 /GNUmakefile
-/GNUmakefile.old
 /README.atheos
 /README.fat-patch
 /README.v6
@@ -46,6 +71,7 @@ y.tab.c
 /archive
 /autom4te*.cache
 /automake
+/benchmark/benchmark-driver
 /beos
 /bmlog-*
 /breakpoints.gdb
@@ -56,6 +82,8 @@ y.tab.c
 /config.status.lineno
 /configure
 /coverage/simplecov
+/coverage/simplecov-html
+/coverage/doclie
 /coverage/.last_run.json
 /coverage/.resultset.json*
 /coverage/assets
@@ -67,6 +95,9 @@ y.tab.c
 /goruby
 /id.[ch]
 /largefile.h
+/lcov-c-out
+/lcov-rb-out
+/lcov-out
 /lex.c
 /libruby*.*
 /miniprelude.c
@@ -82,40 +113,74 @@ y.tab.c
 /ppack
 /prelude.c
 /preview
+/probes.dmyh
 /probes.h
 /rbconfig.rb
 /rename2.h
 /repack
 /revision.h
+/revision.tmp
 /riscos
 /rubicon
 /ruby
+/ruby-runner
+/ruby-runner.h
 /ruby-man.rd.gz
+/run.gdb
 /sizes.c
+/static-ruby
 /test.rb
+/test-coverage.dat
 /tmp
 /transdb.h
 /uncommon.mk
 /verconf.h
+/verconf.mk
 /web
 /yasmdata.rb
 
+# /bin/
+
+/bin/*.exe
+/bin/*.dll
+
 # /benchmark/
+/benchmark/bm_require.data
 /benchmark/bmx_*.rb
 /benchmark/fasta.output.*
 /benchmark/wc.input
 
+/enc/*.def
+/enc/*.exp
+/enc/*.lib
+/enc/jis/props.h
 /enc/unicode/data
 
+# /coroutine/
+!/coroutine/**/*.s
+
 # /enc/trans/
 /enc/trans/*.c
+/enc/trans/*.def
+/enc/trans/*.exp
+/enc/trans/*.lib
+
+# /exe/
+/exe/goruby
+/exe/ruby
 
 # /ext/
 /ext/extinit.c
+/ext/configure-ext.mk
+/ext/*/exts.mk
 
-# /ext/dl/callback/
-/ext/dl/callback/callback-*.c
-/ext/dl/callback/callback.c
+# /ext/-test-/cxxanyargs
+/ext/-test-/cxxanyargs/failure*.failed
+
+# /ext/-test-/win32/dln/
+/ext/-test-/win32/dln/dlntest.dll
+/ext/-test-/win32/dln/dlntest.exp
+/ext/-test-/win32/dln/dlntest.lib
 
 # /ext/etc/
 /ext/etc/constdefs.h
@@ -125,9 +190,11 @@ y.tab.c
 
 # /ext/rbconfig/
 /ext/rbconfig/sizeof/sizes.c
+/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/limits.c
 
 # /ext/ripper/
 /ext/ripper/eventids1.c
+/ext/ripper/.eventids2-check
 /ext/ripper/eventids2table.c
 /ext/ripper/ripper.*
 /ext/ripper/ids1
@@ -138,15 +205,17 @@ y.tab.c
 /ext/socket/constdefs.h
 /ext/socket/constdefs.c
 
-# /ext/tk/
-/ext/tk/config_list
-
 # /gems
 /gems/*.gem
+/gems/src
+/gems/*-*
 
-# /spec/
-/spec/mspec
-/spec/rubyspec
+# /lib/
+/lib/ruby/[1-9]*.*
+/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby
+
+# /spec/bundler
+/.rspec_status
 
 # /tool/
 /tool/config.guess
@@ -154,4 +223,8 @@ y.tab.c
 
 # /win32/
 /win32/*.ico
-/win32/.time
+
+# MJIT
+/rb_mjit_header.h
+/mjit_config.h
+/include/ruby-*/*/rb_mjit_min_header-*.h
diff --git a/.indent.pro b/.indent.pro
deleted file mode 100644
index 6a207a0554..0000000000
--- a/.indent.pro
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
--bap
--nbbb
--nbc
--br
--nbs
--ncdb
--ce
--cli0.5
--ndj
--ei
--nfc1
--i4
--l120
--lp
--npcs
--psl
--sc
--sob
-
--TID
--TVALUE
diff --git a/.rspec_parallel b/.rspec_parallel
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aaff198a32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.rspec_parallel
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+--format progress
+--format ParallelTests::RSpec::RuntimeLogger --out tmp/parallel_runtime_rspec.log
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 0052fdfc41..d480307dd6 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# -*- YAML -*-
 # Copyright (C) 2011 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
 #
 # This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
@@ -16,83 +17,275 @@
 #
 # is also a good place to look at.
 
-# Language specification.
 language: c
-sudo: false
-
-# Compilers.  Several  compilers are  provided in Travis,  so we try  them all.
-# The value set here is visible via $CC environment variable.
-compiler:
-  - gcc
-
-os:
-  - linux
-
-# Dependencies.  Some  header files are missing  in a Travis' worker  VM, so we
-# have  to install  them.  The  "1.9.1" here  is OK.   It is  the  most adopted
-# version string  for Debian/Ubuntu, and  no dependencies have been  changed so
-# far since the 1.9.1 release.
-before_install:
-  - "CONFIG_FLAG="
-  - "JOBS='-j 4'"
-
-# Script is where the test runs.  Note  we just do "make test", not other tests
-# like  test-all, test-rubyspec.   This is  because  they take  too much  time,
-# enough for Travis to shut down the VM as being stalled.
+
+os: linux
+
+dist: xenial
+
+git:
+  quiet: true
+
+cache:
+  ccache: true
+  directories:
+    - $HOME/config_2nd
+    - $HOME/.downloaded-cache
+
+env:
+  global:
+    # Reset timestamps early
+    - _=$(touch NEWS && find . -type f -exec touch -r NEWS {} +)
+    - CONFIGURE_TTY=no
+    - CCACHE_COMPILERCHECK=none
+    - CCACHE_NOCOMPRESS=1
+    - CCACHE_MAXSIZE=512Mi
+    - NPROC="`nproc`"
+    # JOBS and SETARCH are overridden when necessary; see below.
+    - JOBS=-j$((1+${NPROC}))
+    - SETARCH=
+    - RUBY_PREFIX=/tmp/ruby-prefix
+    - GEMS_FOR_TEST='timezone tzinfo'
+    - UPDATE_UNICODE="UNICODE_FILES=. UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES=. UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES=. UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES=."
+    - BEFORE_INSTALL=true
+    # https://github.com/travis-ci/travis-build/blob/e411371dda21430a60f61b8f3f57943d2fe4d344/lib/travis/build/bash/travis_apt_get_options.bash#L7
+    - travis_apt_get_options='--allow-downgrades --allow-remove-essential --allow-change-held-packages'
+    - travis_apt_get_options="-yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends $travis_apt_get_options"
+
+.org.ruby-lang.ci.matrix-definitions:
+
+  - &make-test-only
+    script:
+      - $SETARCH make -s test TESTOPTS="${TESTOPTS=$JOBS -q --tty=no}"
+
+  - &gcc-8
+    compiler: gcc-8
+    # # Not using addon to control retries
+    # addons:
+    #   apt:
+    #     sources:
+    #       - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
+    before_install:
+      - bash -cx "${BEFORE_INSTALL}"
+      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-add-repository -y "ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test"
+      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo bash -c "rm -rf '${TRAVIS_ROOT}/var/lib/apt/lists/'* && exec apt-get update -yq"
+      - >-
+        tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-get $travis_apt_get_options install
+        ccache
+        gcc-8
+        g++-8
+        libffi-dev
+        libgdbm-dev
+        libncurses5-dev
+        libncursesw5-dev
+        libreadline6-dev
+        libssl-dev
+        libyaml-dev
+        openssl
+        zlib1g-dev
+
+  - &clang-8
+    compiler: clang-8
+    addons:
+      apt:
+        # Not doing this manually unlike other sources, because it has been stable.
+        sources:
+          - llvm-toolchain-xenial-8
+        config:
+          retries: true
+    before_install:
+      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo bash -c "rm -rf '${TRAVIS_ROOT}/var/lib/apt/lists/'* && exec apt-get update -yq"
+      - >-
+        tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-get $travis_apt_get_options install
+        clang-8
+        llvm-8-tools
+        libffi-dev
+        libgdbm-dev
+        libncurses5-dev
+        libncursesw5-dev
+        libreadline6-dev
+        libssl-dev
+        libyaml-dev
+        openssl
+        zlib1g-dev
+
+  # --------
+
+  - &x86_64-linux
+    name: x86_64-linux
+    <<: *gcc-8
+
+  - &arm64-linux
+    name: arm64-linux
+    arch: arm64
+    <<: *gcc-8
+
+  - &s390x-linux
+    name: s390x-linux
+    arch: s390x
+    <<: *gcc-8
+
+  - &i686-linux
+    name: i686-linux
+    compiler: gcc-8
+    env:
+      - GCC_FLAGS=-m32
+      - CXX='g++-8 -m32'
+      - debugflags=-g0
+      - SETARCH='setarch i686 --verbose --3gb'
+    # # Not using addon to control retries
+    # addons:
+    #   apt:
+    #     sources:
+    #       - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
+    before_install:
+      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-add-repository -y "ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test"
+      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo bash -c "rm -rf '${TRAVIS_ROOT}/var/lib/apt/lists/'* && exec apt-get update -yq"
+      - >-
+        tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-get $travis_apt_get_options install
+        gcc-8-multilib
+        g++-8
+        g++-8-multilib
+        libstdc++-8-dev:i386
+        libffi-dev:i386
+        libffi6:i386
+        libgdbm-dev:i386
+        libgdbm3:i386
+        libncurses5-dev:i386
+        libncurses5:i386
+        libncursesw5-dev:i386
+        libreadline6-dev:i386
+        libreadline6:i386
+        libssl-dev:i386
+        libssl1.0.0:i386
+        linux-libc-dev:i386
+        zlib1g-dev:i386
+        zlib1g:i386
+
+  - &arm32-linux
+    name: arm32-linux
+    arch: arm64
+    # https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/crossbuild-essential-armhf
+    compiler: arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
+    env:
+      - debugflags=-g0
+      - SETARCH='setarch linux32 --verbose --32bit'
+    before_install:
+      - sudo dpkg --add-architecture armhf
+      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo bash -c "rm -rf '${TRAVIS_ROOT}/var/lib/apt/lists/'* && exec apt-get update -yq"
+      - >-
+        tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-get $travis_apt_get_options install
+        ccache
+        crossbuild-essential-armhf
+        libc6:armhf
+        libstdc++-5-dev:armhf
+        libffi-dev:armhf
+        libffi6:armhf
+        libgdbm-dev:armhf
+        libgdbm3:armhf
+        libncurses5-dev:armhf
+        libncurses5:armhf
+        libncursesw5-dev:armhf
+        libreadline6-dev:armhf
+        libreadline6:armhf
+        libssl-dev:armhf
+        libssl1.0.0:armhf
+        linux-libc-dev:armhf
+        zlib1g-dev:armhf
+        zlib1g:armhf
+
+matrix:
+  include:
+    # Build every commit:
+    - <<: *i686-linux
+    # Build every commit (Allowed Failures):
+    - <<: *arm32-linux
+    - <<: *arm64-linux
+    - <<: *s390x-linux
+  allow_failures:
+    - name: arm32-linux
+    - name: arm64-linux
+    - name: s390x-linux
+  fast_finish: true
+
 before_script:
-  - "uname -a"
-  - "uname -r"
-  - "rm -fr .ext autom4te.cache"
-  - "echo $TERM"
-  - "make -f common.mk BASERUBY=ruby MAKEDIRS='mkdir -p' srcdir=. update-config_files"
-  - "autoconf"
-  - "mkdir config_1st config_2nd"
-  - "./configure -C --disable-install-doc --with-gcc=$CC $CONFIG_FLAG"
-  - "cp -pr config.status .ext/include config_1st"
-  - "make reconfig"
-  - "cp -pr config.status .ext/include config_2nd"
-  - "diff -ru config_1st config_2nd"
-  - "make after-update BASERUBY=ruby"
-  - "make -s $JOBS"
-  - "make update-rubyspec"
+  - rm -fr .ext autom4te.cache
+  - |-
+    [ -d ~/.downloaded-cache ] ||
+    mkdir ~/.downloaded-cache
+  - ln -s ~/.downloaded-cache
+  - "> config.status"
+  - "> .rbconfig.time"
+  - sed -f tool/prereq.status template/Makefile.in common.mk > Makefile
+  - make touch-unicode-files
+  - make -s $JOBS $UPDATE_UNICODE up
+  - make -s $JOBS srcs
+  - rm -f config.status Makefile rbconfig.rb .rbconfig.time
+  - |-
+    if [ -d ~/config_2nd ]; then
+      cp -pr ~/config_2nd build
+    else
+      mkdir build
+    fi
+  - mkdir config_1st config_2nd
+  - chmod -R a-w .
+  - chmod -R u+w build config_1st config_2nd
+  - cd build
+  - |-
+    case "$CC" in
+    gcc*)   CC="ccache $CC${GCC_FLAGS:+ }$GCC_FLAGS -fno-diagnostics-color";;
+    clang*) CC="ccache $CC${GCC_FLAGS:+ }$GCC_FLAGS -fno-color-diagnostics";;
+    esac
+  - |-
+    [ ! -f config.cache ] ||
+    [ "$CC" = "`sed -n s/^ac_cv_prog_CC=//p config.cache`" ] ||
+    (set -x; exec rm config.cache)
+  - $SETARCH ../configure -C --disable-install-doc --prefix=$RUBY_PREFIX $CONFIG_FLAG
+  - cp -pr config.cache config.status .ext/include ../config_1st
+  - $SETARCH make reconfig
+  - cp -pr config.cache config.status .ext/include ../config_2nd
+  - (cd .. && exec diff -ru config_1st config_2nd)
+  - chmod u+w ..
+  - rm -rf ~/config_2nd
+  - mv ../config_2nd ~
+  - chmod u-w ..
+  - $SETARCH make -s $JOBS
+  - make -s install
+  - |-
+    [ -z "${GEMS_FOR_TEST}" ] ||
+    $RUBY_PREFIX/bin/gem install --no-document $GEMS_FOR_TEST
+  - echo "raise 'do not load ~/.irbrc in test'" > ~/.irbrc
+
 script:
-  - "make test TESTOPTS=--color=never"
-  - "make test-all TESTOPTS='-q -j3 --color=never --job-status=normal'"
-  - "make test-rubyspec MSPECOPT=-fm"
+  - $SETARCH make -s test -o showflags TESTOPTS="${TESTOPTS=$JOBS -q --tty=no}"
+  - travis_wait 50 $SETARCH make -s test-all -o exts TESTOPTS="${TESTOPTS} ${TEST_ALL_OPTS}" RUBYOPT="-w"
+  - $SETARCH make -s test-spec MSPECOPT=-ff # not using `-j` because sometimes `mspec -j` silently dies
+  - $SETARCH make -s -o showflags leaked-globals
 
 # Branch matrix.  Not all branches are Travis-ready so we limit branches here.
 branches:
   only:
-    - trunk
-    - ruby_2_1
-    - ruby_2_2
-    - ruby_2_3
-    - /^feature\//
-    - /^bug\//
+    - master
+    - ruby_2_4
+    - ruby_2_5
+    - ruby_2_6
+    - ruby_2_7
 
 # We want to be notified when something happens.
 notifications:
   irc:
     channels:
-      - "irc.freenode.org#ruby-core"
-      - "irc.freenode.org#ruby-ja"
+      - "chat.freenode.net#ruby-core"
     on_success: change # [always|never|change] # default: always
     on_failure: always # [always|never|change] # default: always
     template:
       - "%{message} by @%{author}: See %{build_url}"
 
-  # Update ruby-head installed on Travis CI so other projects can test against it.
   webhooks:
     urls:
-      - "https://rubies.travis-ci.org/rebuild/ruby-head"
-    on_success: always
-    on_failure: never
-
-# Local Variables:
-# mode: YAML
-# coding: utf-8-unix
-# indent-tabs-mode: nil
-# tab-width: 4
-# fill-column: 79
-# default-justification: full
-# End:
+      - secure: mRsoS/UbqDkKkW5p3AEqM27d4SZnV6Gsylo3bm8T/deltQzTsGzZwrm7OIBXZv0UFZdE68XmPlyHfZFLSP2V9QZ7apXMf9/vw0GtcSe1gchtnjpAPF6lYBn7nMCbVPPx9cS0dwL927fjdRM1vj7IKZ2bk4F0lAJ25R25S6teqdk= # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot (travis)
+    on_success: never
+    on_failure: always
+
+  email:
+    - ko1c-failure@atdot.net
diff --git a/BSDL b/BSDL
index a009caefea..66d93598aa 100644
--- a/BSDL
+++ b/BSDL
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 are met:
 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 
 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING
index a1f19ff99d..48e5a96de7 100644
--- a/COPYING
+++ b/COPYING
@@ -2,55 +2,55 @@ Ruby is copyrighted free software by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@netlab.jp>.
 You can redistribute it and/or modify it under either the terms of the
 2-clause BSDL (see the file BSDL), or the conditions below:
 
-  1. You may make and give away verbatim copies of the source form of the
-     software without restriction, provided that you duplicate all of the
-     original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.
+1. You may make and give away verbatim copies of the source form of the
+   software without restriction, provided that you duplicate all of the
+   original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.
 
-  2. You may modify your copy of the software in any way, provided that
-     you do at least ONE of the following:
+2. You may modify your copy of the software in any way, provided that
+   you do at least ONE of the following:
 
-       a) place your modifications in the Public Domain or otherwise
-          make them Freely Available, such as by posting said
-	  modifications to Usenet or an equivalent medium, or by allowing
-	  the author to include your modifications in the software.
+   a. place your modifications in the Public Domain or otherwise
+      make them Freely Available, such as by posting said
+      modifications to Usenet or an equivalent medium, or by allowing
+      the author to include your modifications in the software.
 
-       b) use the modified software only within your corporation or
-          organization.
+   b. use the modified software only within your corporation or
+      organization.
 
-       c) give non-standard binaries non-standard names, with
-          instructions on where to get the original software distribution.
+   c. give non-standard binaries non-standard names, with
+      instructions on where to get the original software distribution.
 
-       d) make other distribution arrangements with the author.
+   d. make other distribution arrangements with the author.
 
-  3. You may distribute the software in object code or binary form,
-     provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
+3. You may distribute the software in object code or binary form,
+   provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
 
-       a) distribute the binaries and library files of the software,
-	  together with instructions (in the manual page or equivalent)
-	  on where to get the original distribution.
+   a. distribute the binaries and library files of the software,
+      together with instructions (in the manual page or equivalent)
+      on where to get the original distribution.
 
-       b) accompany the distribution with the machine-readable source of
-	  the software.
+   b. accompany the distribution with the machine-readable source of
+      the software.
 
-       c) give non-standard binaries non-standard names, with
-          instructions on where to get the original software distribution.
+   c. give non-standard binaries non-standard names, with
+      instructions on where to get the original software distribution.
 
-       d) make other distribution arrangements with the author.
+   d. make other distribution arrangements with the author.
 
-  4. You may modify and include the part of the software into any other
-     software (possibly commercial).  But some files in the distribution
-     are not written by the author, so that they are not under these terms.
+4. You may modify and include the part of the software into any other
+   software (possibly commercial).  But some files in the distribution
+   are not written by the author, so that they are not under these terms.
 
-     For the list of those files and their copying conditions, see the
-     file LEGAL.
+   For the list of those files and their copying conditions, see the
+   file LEGAL.
 
-  5. The scripts and library files supplied as input to or produced as 
-     output from the software do not automatically fall under the
-     copyright of the software, but belong to whomever generated them, 
-     and may be sold commercially, and may be aggregated with this
-     software.
+5. The scripts and library files supplied as input to or produced as
+   output from the software do not automatically fall under the
+   copyright of the software, but belong to whomever generated them,
+   and may be sold commercially, and may be aggregated with this
+   software.
 
-  6. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
-     IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
-     WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
-     PURPOSE.
+6. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
+   IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
+   WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+   PURPOSE.
diff --git a/COPYING.ja b/COPYING.ja
index e50d01c8d1..230376bc60 100644
--- a/COPYING.ja
+++ b/COPYING.ja
@@ -2,50 +2,50 @@
 または以下に示す条件で本プログラムを再配布できます
 2-clause BSDLについてはBSDLファイルを参照して下さい．
 
-  1. 複製は制限なく自由です．
+1. 複製は制限なく自由です．
 
-  2. 以下の条件のいずれかを満たす時に本プログラムのソースを
-     自由に変更できます．
+2. 以下の条件のいずれかを満たす時に本プログラムのソースを
+   自由に変更できます．
 
-     (a) ネットニューズにポストしたり，作者に変更を送付する
-         などの方法で，変更を公開する．
+   a.  ネットニューズにポストしたり，作者に変更を送付する
+       などの方法で，変更を公開する．
 
-     (b) 変更した本プログラムを自分の所属する組織内部だけで
-         使う．
+   b.  変更した本プログラムを自分の所属する組織内部だけで
+       使う．
 
-     (c) 変更点を明示したうえ，ソフトウェアの名前を変更する．
-         そのソフトウェアを配布する時には変更前の本プログラ
-         ムも同時に配布する．または変更前の本プログラムのソー
-         スの入手法を明示する．
+   c.  変更点を明示したうえ，ソフトウェアの名前を変更する．
+       そのソフトウェアを配布する時には変更前の本プログラ
+       ムも同時に配布する．または変更前の本プログラムのソー
+       スの入手法を明示する．
 
-     (d) その他の変更条件を作者と合意する．
+   d.  その他の変更条件を作者と合意する．
 
-  3. 以下の条件のいずれかを満たす時に本プログラムをコンパイ
-     ルしたオブジェクトコードや実行形式でも配布できます．
+3. 以下の条件のいずれかを満たす時に本プログラムをコンパイ
+   ルしたオブジェクトコードや実行形式でも配布できます．
 
-     (a) バイナリを受け取った人がソースを入手できるように，
-         ソースの入手法を明示する．
+   a.  バイナリを受け取った人がソースを入手できるように，
+       ソースの入手法を明示する．
 
-     (b) 機械可読なソースコードを添付する．
+   b.  機械可読なソースコードを添付する．
 
-     (c) 変更を行ったバイナリは名前を変更したうえ，オリジナ
-         ルのソースコードの入手法を明示する．
+   c.  変更を行ったバイナリは名前を変更したうえ，オリジナ
+       ルのソースコードの入手法を明示する．
 
-     (d) その他の配布条件を作者と合意する．
+   d.  その他の配布条件を作者と合意する．
 
-  4. 他のプログラムへの引用はいかなる目的であれ自由です．た
-     だし，本プログラムに含まれる他の作者によるコードは，そ
-     れぞれの作者の意向による制限が加えられる場合があります．
+4. 他のプログラムへの引用はいかなる目的であれ自由です．た
+   だし，本プログラムに含まれる他の作者によるコードは，そ
+   れぞれの作者の意向による制限が加えられる場合があります．
 
-     それらファイルの一覧とそれぞれの配布条件などに付いては
-     LEGALファイルを参照してください．
+   それらファイルの一覧とそれぞれの配布条件などに付いては
+   LEGALファイルを参照してください．
 
-  5. 本プログラムへの入力となるスクリプトおよび，本プログラ
-     ムからの出力の権利は本プログラムの作者ではなく，それぞ
-     れの入出力を生成した人に属します．また，本プログラムに
-     組み込まれるための拡張ライブラリについても同様です．
+5. 本プログラムへの入力となるスクリプトおよび，本プログラ
+   ムからの出力の権利は本プログラムの作者ではなく，それぞ
+   れの入出力を生成した人に属します．また，本プログラムに
+   組み込まれるための拡張ライブラリについても同様です．
 
-  6. 本プログラムは無保証です．作者は本プログラムをサポート
-     する意志はありますが，プログラム自身のバグあるいは本プ
-     ログラムの実行などから発生するいかなる損害に対しても責
-     任を持ちません．
+6. 本プログラムは無保証です．作者は本プログラムをサポート
+   する意志はありますが，プログラム自身のバグあるいは本プ
+   ログラムの実行などから発生するいかなる損害に対しても責
+   任を持ちません．
diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
deleted file mode 100644
index 4821eb80f7..0000000000
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15482 +0,0 @@
-Tue Mar 28 15:39:26 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	configure.in: syscall is deprecated on macOS
-
-	* configure.in: syscall is no longer supported on macOS since 10.12.
-	  [Bug #13361]
-
-Mon Mar 27 01:41:37 2017  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: improve ICC (Intel C Compiler) support.
-
-	* configure.in (CXX): The name of icc's c++ compiler is `icpc`.
-
-	* configure.in (warnings): Add `-diag-disable=2259` to suppress
-	  noisy warnings: "non-pointer conversion from "..." to "..." may
-	  lose significant bits".
-
-	* configure.in (optflags): Add `-fp-model precise` like -fno-fast-math.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb: icc supports -Werror=division-by-zero
-	  and -Werror=deprecated-declarations, but doesn't support
-	  -Wdivision-by-zero and -Wdeprecated-declarations.
-
-Sun Mar 26 17:24:02 2017  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_fd_close): unintentionally removed at r58094.
-
-Sun Mar 26 16:24:02 2017  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_thread_interrupt_for_killed_thread):
-	  may fix the test failure on some platforms introduced at r58108.
-
-Sun Mar 26 16:22:03 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	envutil.rb: timeout_error argument to invoke_ruby
-
-	* test/lib/envutil.rb (invoke_ruby): add `timeout_error` optional
-	  keyword argument, the exception class to be raised if the target
-	  process timed out.  if it is nil, no exception will be raised at
-	  timeout but the terminated output, error, and status will be
-	  returned.  defaulted to Timeout::Error.
-
-	* test/lib/envutil.rb (assert_separately): check outputs and
-	  status (including diagnostic reports) of timed-out process.
-
-Sun Mar 26 13:07:21 2017  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_sleep_deadly_allow_spurious_wakeup): need to
-	  mark as exported.  this may fix the load error introduced at r58115.
-
-Sun Mar 26 03:55:45 2017  Marcus Stollsteimer  <sto.mar@web.de>
-
-	docs for creating arrays
-
-	* array.c: [DOC] add example for Array.new with block and index.
-	  Reported by Don Cruickshank.  [ruby-core:68442] [Bug #10944]
-
-Sun Mar 26 03:55:01 2017  Marcus Stollsteimer  <sto.mar@web.de>
-
-	date_core.c: fix error in DateTime docs
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: [DOC] fix format string for DateTime#rfc3339.
-	  Reported by Andreas Rayo Kniep.  [ruby-core:68418] [Bug #10936]
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: [DOC] ditto for DateTime#iso8601 and
-	  DateTime#xmlschema; other small improvements.
-
-Sun Mar 26 03:54:16 2017  Marcus Stollsteimer  <sto.mar@web.de>
-
-	io.c: improve docs
-
-	* io.c: [DOC] improve and harmonize docs for IO#read and ARGF#read;
-	  fix invalid example code for IO#read to make it syntax highlighted.
-
-	* io.c: [DOC] various improvements for docs of IO, ARGF, and Kernel:
-	  fix indent to ensure correct code block detection; sync "outbuf"
-	  paragraph for {IO,ARGF}#read, {IO,ARGF}#readpartial, and IO#sysread;
-	  fix formatting of call-seq's; improve Kernel#open example to use nil?;
-	  fix RDoc markup and typos.
-
-Sun Mar 26 03:42:37 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	vm_method.c: resolve refined method to undef
-
-	* vm_method.c (rb_undef): resolve the method entry which refines a
-	  prepended method entry.  [ruby-core:78944] [Bug #13096]
-
-Sun Mar 26 03:36:29 2017  Marcus Stollsteimer  <sto.mar@web.de>
-
-	date_core.c: expand docs for Date shifting
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: [DOC] expand docs for Date shifting
-
-	  * add examples for Date#>> and Date#<< that clarify some edge cases
-	  * add examples for Date#next_year and Date#prev_year
-	  * add cross references to Date#>> and Date#<<
-
-	  [ruby-core:79584] [Bug #13225]
-
-Sun Mar 26 03:35:09 2017  Marcus Stollsteimer  <sto.mar@web.de>
-
-	lib/ostruct.rb: [DOC] revise docs for OpenStruct
-
-	* update paragraph on implementation:
-	  define_singleton_method is used, not define_method
-	* add call-seq with return values for each_pair
-	* adopt description of dig from Array and Hash
-	* fix description of the hash method
-	* :nodoc: initialize_copy, respond_to_missing?
-	* other small improvements, e.g. use the term `attribute' in the docs
-	  (instead of `member'), which is clearer for users of the class
-	* improve code examples: e.g. use more consistent style (always use
-	  double quotes, drop `p' and `puts', ...), update inspect output,
-	  use example data that is not prone to change (like population)
-	* add more code examples
-	* fix some small errors and grammar
-
-	[ruby-core:79265] [Bug #13159]
-
-Sun Mar 26 03:31:18 2017  Eric Wong  <normalperson@yhbt.net>
-
-	doc: improve documentation for Binding [ci skip]
-
-	* remove explicit return from code examples
-	* grammar fixes
-	* other small fixes
-
-	Patch by: Marcus Stollsteimer <sto.mar@web.de>
-
-	[ruby-core:79082] [Bug #13132]
-
-Sun Mar 26 03:28:27 2017  Marcus Stollsteimer  <sto.mar@web.de>
-
-	nodoc OptParse
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb: [DOC] nodoc OptParse, introduced with r46126,
-	  to avoid leaking of its documentation (OptionParser's docs) into
-	  the class documentation of Object.  [ruby-core:79909] [Bug #13281]
-
-Sun Mar 26 03:26:56 2017  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	rational.c: fix rdoc
-
-	* rational.c: [DOC] fix wrong indentations and comment out some lines
-	  in code examples to make them valid Ruby code and syntax highlighted
-	  on the rendered page.
-
-	[ci skip] [ruby-core:79607] [Bug #13233]
-	Author:    Marcus Stollsteimer <sto.mar@web.de>
-
-Sun Mar 26 03:24:28 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	fileutils.rb: do not make root
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#mkdir_p): no need to make root
-	  directory which should be exist and cannot be made with mkdir
-	  recent Cygwin can make a directory contains a colon.
-	  [Bug #13214]
-
-Sun Mar 26 03:22:34 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	win32/resolv.rb: ad hoc workaround
-
-	* ext/win32/lib/win32/resolv.rb (Win32::Resolv::SZ): an ad hoc
-	  workaround for broken registry.  SearchList and other registry
-	  values must be REG_SZ, or Windows ignores anything in those
-	  values otherwise.  [ruby-dev:49924] [Bug #13081]
-	  https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/issues/1700
-	win32/registry.rb: registry type names
-
-	* ext/win32/lib/win32/registry.rb (Win32::Registry#read): show
-	  registry type names instead of numeric values.
-
-Sun Mar 26 03:19:17 2017  Eric Wong  <normalperson@yhbt.net>
-
-	doc: Add example for Symbol#to_s
-
-	* string.c: add example for Symbol#to_s.
-
-	The docs for Symbol#to_s only include an example for
-	Symbol#id2name, but not for #to_s which is an alias;
-	the docs should include examples for both methods.
-
-	From: Marcus Stollsteimer <sto.mar@web.de>
-
-Sun Mar 26 03:16:16 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	rational.c: infinity in power
-
-	* rational.c (nurat_expt): return Infinity due to overflow.
-	  [ruby-core:79686] [Bug #13242]:
-	rational.c: infinity in power
-
-	* rational.c (nurat_expt): return 0 due to overflow.
-	  [ruby-core:79686] [Bug #13242]:
-
-Sun Mar 26 03:13:17 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	vm.c: check type of hash to merge
-
-	* vm.c (core_hash_merge): check the type of the target hash to
-	  merge.  [ruby-core:78536] [Bug #13015]
-
-Sun Mar 26 03:07:08 2017  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	use TRUE/FALSE.
-
-	define rb_thread_sleep_deadly_allow_spurious_wakeup().
-
-	* thread.c, thread_sync.c: define new function
-	  rb_thread_sleep_deadly_allow_spurious_wakeup() and use it instead of
-	  using sleep_forever() directly.
-
-	allow Queue operation in trap.
-
-	* thread_sync.c: allow spurious wakeup to check Queue status just after trap.
-	  [Bug #12405]
-
-	* test/thread/test_queue.rb: add a test for it.
-
-	test_queue.rb: fix portability
-
-	* test/thread/test_queue.rb (test_queue_with_trap): fix
-	  portability.  use SIGINT instead of SIGUSR2 which is supported
-	  on not all platforms.
-
-Sun Mar 26 02:44:16 2017  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* doc/syntax/literals.rdoc (Strings): [DOC] Revise the character
-	  literal part.
-
-Sun Mar 26 02:44:16 2017  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* doc/syntax/literals.rdoc (Strings): [DOC] Document the full list
-	  of supported escape sequences in string literals.
-
-Sun Mar 26 02:44:16 2017  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* doc/syntax/literals.rdoc (Strings): mention about ?a literal.
-
-Sun Mar 26 02:37:23 2017  Eric Wong  <normalperson@yhbt.net>
-
-	doc: restore class documentation for Struct
-
-	* struct.c: restore class documentation for Struct
-	  that disappeared with r46663.
-
-	Due to r46663, the class documentation for Struct disappeared.
-	(The revision inserted the definition of `InitVM_Struct` between
-	the rdoc and the definition of `Init_Struct`.)
-
-	The docs are rendered for 2.1: <https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/2.1.0/Struct.html>,
-	but not for later versions, see: <https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/2.2.0/Struct.html>
-	(Same for `ri` pages).
-
-	[ruby-core:79416] [Bug #13189]
-
-Sun Mar 26 02:36:34 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	Enumerable#{min,min_by,max,max_by} [ci skip]
-
-	* enum.c: [DOC] Enumerable#{min,min_by,max,max_by} return a sorted
-	  array when +n+ argument is used.
-
-	* enum.c: Small typo : minimum -> maximum
-
-	[Bug #13161]
-	Author:    Eric Duminil <eric.duminil@gmail.com>
-
-Sun Mar 26 02:35:17 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ruby.c (process_options): convert -e script to the encoding
-	  given by a command line option on Windows.  assume it is the
-	  expected encoding.  [ruby-dev:49461] [Bug #11900]
-
-Sun Mar 26 02:34:13 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	rational.c: fix rdoc [ci skip]
-
-	* rational.c (rb_rational_plus): [DOC] fix an example.
-	  A patch by Trygve Flathen <at.ruby-lang AT flathen.net> in
-	  [ruby-core:71755].  [Bug #11752]
-
-Sun Mar 26 02:32:12 2017  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (poll_child_status): rb_w32_wait_events_blocking() sets
-	  errno internally, then should not set it here.
-
-Sun Mar 26 02:27:37 2017  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	check thread deadness correctly.
-
-Sun Mar 26 02:13:04 2017  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_exception.rb: fix thread issues.
-	  * use Queue instead of a local variable for synchronization.
-	  * join created thread to soleve leaking threads warning.
-
-Sun Mar 26 02:13:04 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_raise): set cause from the called thread,
-	  but not from the thread to be interrupted.
-	  [ruby-core:77222] [Bug #12741]
-
-Sun Mar 26 02:11:47 2017  Marcus Stollsteimer  <sto.mar@web.de>
-
-	io.c: documentation for puts
-
-	* io.c: [DOC] clarify that the 'record separator' between
-	  arguments passed to 'puts' is always a newline.
-	  Based on a patch by Mark Amery. [ruby-core:65801] [Misc #10403]
-	* 2017-03-13
-
-Sun Mar 26 02:08:06 2017  Marcus Stollsteimer  <sto.mar@web.de>
-
-	proc.c: documentation for Proc#{call,yield,[]}
-
-	* proc.c: [DOC] fix and improve docs for Proc#{call,yield,[]}:
-
-	  * change order of Document-method directives as workaround for an
-	    RDoc rendering problem where the documentation for Proc#call displays
-	    a "Document-method: []" code block.  [ruby-core:79887] [Bug #13273]
-	  * add missing call-seq and example for Proc#yield
-	  * remove pointless cross reference to Proc#yield
-	  * update description for handling of extra or missing arguments,
-	    improve examples and add cross reference to #lambda?
-
-Sun Mar 26 02:03:06 2017  Marcus Stollsteimer  <sto.mar@web.de>
-
-	docs for IO#print
-
-	* io.c: [DOC] split documentation for IO#print into smaller paragraphs,
-	  delete duplicate sentence, fix call-seq.
-	  Based on a patch by Dario Daic. [ruby-core:78291] [Bug #12975]
-
-Sun Mar 26 02:01:54 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	fix UTF-32 valid_encoding?
-
-	* enc/utf_32be.c (utf32be_mbc_enc_len): check arguments precisely.
-	  [ruby-core:79966] [Bug #13292]
-
-	* enc/utf_32le.c (utf32le_mbc_enc_len): ditto.
-
-	* regenc.h (UNICODE_VALID_CODEPOINT_P): predicate for valid
-	  Unicode codepoints.
-	fix UTF-32 valid_encoding?
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb (TestIO_M17N#test_puts_widechar): do
-	  not use invalid codepoint.  [ruby-core:79966] [Bug #13292]
-
-Sun Mar 26 01:58:03 2017  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* regcomp.c (set_bm_skip): Need to check the end of the string.
-	  this patch is from https://github.com/k-takata/Onigmo/commit/e5c0e6c36187898bb27960cd66d591f172558848 .
-	  [Backport #12997]
-
-Sun Mar 26 01:48:05 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	date_core.c: [DOC] revise docs [ci skip]
-
-	* fix malformed rdoc for Date#today, Date._strptime,
-	  and DateTime._strptime
-	* add code examples for Date#<< and Date#>> to demonstrate
-	  that different dates can result in the same return value
-	* use Date::ITALY in call-seq instead of only ITALY
-	* fix some copy/paste mistakes where Date should be DateTime
-	* fix various errors and grammar
-	* fix cross references and formatting
-
-	[ruby-core:79433] [Bug #13193]
-	Author:    Marcus Stollsteimer <sto.mar@web.de>
-
-Sun Mar 26 01:35:25 2017  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	lib/ostruct.rb: Fix returned value of each_pair.
-
-	From a patch by Marcus Stollsteimer. [Fixes #13169]
-
-Sun Mar 26 01:31:54 2017  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
-
-	fix optimization for hash aset/aref with fstring
-
-	Patch by Eric Wong [ruby-core:78797].
-	I don't like the idea of making insns.def any bigger to support
-	a corner case, and "test_hash_aref_fstring_identity" shows
-	how contrived this is.
-
-	[ruby-core:78783] [Bug #12855]
-	adjust indent [ci skip]
-
-Sun Mar 26 01:29:17 2017  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	string.c: rindex(//) should set $~.
-
-	This seems a bug introduced by r520 (1.4.0).  [ruby-core:79110] [Bug #13135]
-
-Sun Mar 26 01:15:34 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	disable critical-error-handler
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_sysinit): disable critical-error-handler
-	  message box even on mswin, regardless of runtime DLL version.
-	  [ruby-dev:49988] [Bug #13254]
-
-Sun Mar 26 01:14:19 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	broken mingw
-
-	* configure.in: check whether frexp and modf are broken.
-
-	* include/ruby/win32.h (frexp, modf): ignore bad declarations when
-	  compiling as C++.  [ruby-core:79859] [Bug #13267]
-
-Sun Mar 26 01:13:11 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	parallel.rb: fix intervention
-
-	* test/lib/test/unit/parallel.rb (_report): send a response and a
-	  newline atomically, to get rid of intervention with "p" which
-	  runs in a separate thread.
-
-Sun Mar 26 01:03:27 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	io.c: close before wait
-
-	* io.c (io_close_fptr): notify then close, and wait for other
-	  threads before free fptr.  [ruby-core:79262] [Bug #13158]
-
-Sun Mar 26 00:47:52 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	io.c: fix race between read and close
-
-	* io.c (io_fillbuf): fix race between read and close, in the case
-	  the IO gets closed before the reading thread achieve the lock.
-	  [ruby-core:78845] [Bug #13076]
-	thread.c: fix race between read and close
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_fd_close): wait until all threads using the
-	  fd finish the operation, not to free the buffer in use.
-	  [ruby-core:78845] [Bug #13076]
-	revert a part of r57199
-
-	* io.c (io_fillbuf): revert a part of r57199 because it broke IO#getch.
-	  see also [Bug #13076]
-
-	io.c: fix race between read and close
-
-	* io.c (io_fillbuf): fix race between read and close and bail out
-	  in the case the IO gets closed before the reading thread achieve
-	  the lock.  [ruby-core:78845] [Bug #13076]
-
-Sun Mar 26 00:39:40 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	class.c: non-keyword hash class
-
-	* class.c (rb_extract_keywords): keep the class of non-keyword
-	  elements hash as the original.  [ruby-core:77813] [Bug #12884]
-
-Sun Mar 26 00:36:01 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	string.c: block for scrub with ASCII-incompatible
-
-	* string.c (rb_enc_str_scrub): honor the given block with
-	  ASCII-incompatible encoding.  [ruby-core:79039] [Bug #13120]
-	string.c: yield invalid part
-
-	* string.c (rb_enc_str_scrub): yield the invalid part only with
-	  ASCII-incompatible.  [ruby-core:79039] [Bug #13120]
-	string.c: replacement and block
-
-	* string.c (rb_enc_str_scrub): only one of replacement and block
-	  is allowed.  [ruby-core:79038] [Bug #13119]
-
-Sun Mar 26 00:30:36 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	compile.c: check err_info
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_setup): bail out if any errors found.
-	  [ruby-core:76531] [Bug #12613]
-
-Sun Mar 26 00:19:09 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	rational.c: memory leak in gcd
-
-	* rational.c (rb_gcd_gmp): fix memory leak.  patched by KISHIMOTO,
-	  Makoto <ksmakoto AT dd.iij4u.or.jp> in [ruby-dev:49934].
-	  [Bug #13089]
-
-Sun Mar 26 00:16:04 2017  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
-
-	pack.c: avoid returning uninitialized String
-
-	Fix unpacking with 'b', 'B', 'h' and 'H' format. Do not return an
-	uninitialized String to Ruby before filling the content bytes.
-	Fixes r11175 ("pack.c (pack_unpack): execute block if given with
-	unpacked value instead of creating an array", 2006-10-15).
-	[ruby-core:78841] [Bug #13075]
-	test/ruby/test_pack.rb: fix test case added by r57187
-
-	The test case for String#unpack added by r57187 is not properly testing
-	because the String will be filled after the block invocation.
-	[ruby-core:78841] [Bug #13075]
-
-	Thanks to nagachika for pointing this out:
-
-	  http://d.hatena.ne.jp/nagachika/20161226/ruby_trunk_changes_57184_57194#r57187
-
-Sun Mar 26 00:09:48 2017  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	ruby-lex.rb: fix for label
-
-	* lib/irb/ruby-lex.rb (identify_identifier): treat identifier just
-	  followed by a colon as a lable.  this is not a precise solution
-	  but enough for the time being.  [ruby-core:78526] [Bug #13012]
-
-Tue Dec 27 20:43:54 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* time.c (usec2subsecx): fix return type, which is a numeric object but
-	  not a long int. [Bug #13066]
-
-Tue Dec 27 20:13:12 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
-
-	* re.c (match_{names,hash,equal}): consider the case of RMatch::regexp
-	  is nil.
-
-	  Don't assume RMatch::regexp always contains a valid Regexp instance;
-	  it will be Qnil if the MatchData is created by
-	  rb_backref_set_string(). [Bug #13054]
-
-Tue Dec 27 20:02:43 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_{repeated_,}combination): check array length every
-	  time after yielding.
-
-	  Since the Array may be modified during rb_yield(), the length before
-	  invoking the block can't be trusted. Fix possible out-of-bounds read
-	  in Array#combination and Array#repeated_combination.
-
-	  It may better to make a defensive copy of the Array, but for now let's
-	  follow what Array#permutation does. [Bug #13052]
-
-Tue Dec 27 19:57:51 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): fix memory corruption by width underflow.
-	  https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/3347
-
-Tue Dec 27 19:55:10 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	 * re.c (rb_reg_regsub): other than regexp has no name references.
-	  [Bug #13042]
-
-Tue Dec 27 19:51:43 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
-
-	* encoding.c (rb_enc_ascget): handle needmore error from
-	  rb_enc_precise_mbclen().
-
-	  rb_enc_ascget() erroneously reports success even if the given byte
-	  sequence is incomplete, for non-ASCII compatible encoding strings.
-
-	  rb_enc_precise_mbclen() may return a negative value on error, and thus
-	  rb_enc_ascget() must not store the return value in 'unsigned int';
-	  otherwise the subsequent MBCLEN_CHARFOUND_P() check won't catch the
-	  error. [Bug #13034]
-
-Tue Dec 27 19:49:01 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* cont.c, eval.c, eval_error.c, thread.c, vm_eval.c, vm_trace.c: add
-	  clang volatile fixes from FreeBSD and NetBSD.
-
-	  Use volatile instead of optnone to avoid optimization which causes
-	  segmentation faults.
-	  Patch by Dimitry Andric. [Bug #13014]
-
-Tue Dec 27 19:40:09 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* README.EXT{.ja,}: [DOC] optional keyword arguments are defaulted to
-	  Qundef. ignored keys are kept in the hash but a new Hash is not
-	  created. [Bug #13004]
-
-	* class.c (rb_get_kwargs): when values are stored, corresponding keys
-	  have been remove from the keyword hash, and the hash should be empty
-	  in that case. [Bug #13004]
-
-Tue Dec 27 19:34:47 2016  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* variable.c (rb_ivar_count): stop reading past the end of ivptr array.
-	  [Bug #12988]
-
-Tue Dec 27 19:32:03 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_s_abort_exc, rb_thread_s_abort_exc_set):
-	  [DOC] the raised exception will be re-raised in the main thread,
-	  and then follows the ordinary exception sequence, exit status is
-	  not 0. [Bug #12991]
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_abort_exc_set): ditto.
-
-Tue Dec 27 19:29:54 2016  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* configure.in: reverse compatibility_version and current_version for
-	  Darwin.
-
-Tue Dec 27 19:10:09 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* marshal.c (dump_funcall, dump_check_funcall, load_funcall):
-	  function calls with reentrant check.  always show names
-	  corresponding to the called methods.
-
-	* marshal.c (check_userdump_arg): marshal_dump should not return an
-	  instance of the same class, otherwise it causes infinite recursion.
-	  [Bug #12974]
-
-Tue Dec 27 18:34:04 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (setup_args): duplicate splatting array if more
-	  arguments present to obey left-to-right execution order.
-	  [ruby-core:77701] [Bug# 12860]
-
-Tue Dec 27 18:28:20 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dln.c (dln_load): raise LoadError instead of fatal error on
-	  recent OSX, dlclose seems fixed in El Capitan or later.
-	  [ruby-core:78200] [Bug #12956]
-
-Tue Dec 27 18:17:23 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/misc/test_ruby_mode.rb (assert_indent): since write-region
-	  in Emacs 25.1 no longer displays the "Wrote file" message, shows
-	  the explicit message to check if successfully finished.
-	  [ruby-core:77355] [Bug #12785]
-
-Tue Nov 15 15:29:36 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ssl_npn_select_cb_common): fix parsing
-	  protocol list.
-	  The protocol list from OpenSSL is not null-terminated.
-	  patched by Kazuki Yamaguchi [Bug #11810] [ruby-core:72082]
-
-Tue Nov 15 03:55:45 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/-test/file/fs.c (get_atime_p): Updating of file access times
-	  is enabled or not.
-
-Tue Nov 15 03:55:45 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_file.rb (TestFile#test_stat): fix noatime case.
-	  [ruby-core:77943] [Bug #12903]
-
-Tue Nov 15 03:54:14 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb (test_make_socket_ipv6_multicast,
-	  test_make_socket_ipv6_multicast_hops): skip if IPv6 multicast 
-	  address is not available.
-
-Tue Nov 15 03:39:07 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb (transport_request): other than HTTPContinue
-	  in 1xx (HTTPInformation) also needs to continue. [Bug #12890]
-
-Sat Nov 12 07:48:07 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* proc.c (mnew_internal): follow the original class, not to loop
-	  the prepended module.  [ruby-core:77591] [Bug #12832]
-
-Sat Nov 12 07:47:19 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* cont.c (cont_new): disable optimization if clang's version is
-	  3.8.0.  [ruby-core:77894] [Bug #12893]
-
-Sat Nov 12 07:37:30 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): format exact number more exactly.
-
-Sat Nov 12 07:34:03 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl.c (Init_openssl): register an ex_data index for
-	  X509_STORE and X509_STORE_CTX respectively. Since they don't share
-	  the ex_data index registry, we can't use the same index.
-	  (ossl_verify_cb): use the the correct index.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_verify_callback): ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c (ossl_x509store_set_vfy_cb): ditto.
-	  (ossl_x509stctx_verify): ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl.h (void ossl_clear_error): add extern declarations
-	  of ossl_store_{ctx_,}ex_verify_cb_idx.
-
-	* ext/openssl/openssl_missing.c: remove X509_STORE_set_ex_data and
-	  X509_STORE_get_ex_data.
-
-	* ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h: implement X509_STORE_get_ex_data,
-	  X509_STORE_set_ex_data and X509_STORE_get_ex_new_index as macros.
-
-Sat Nov 12 07:32:23 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_pending_interrupt_p): no pending interrupt
-	  before initialization.
-
-	* thread.c (thread_raise_m, rb_thread_kill): uninitialized thread
-	  cannot interrupt.  [ruby-core:72732] [Bug #11959]
-
-Thu Oct 27 16:47:57 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
-
-	* eval_intern.h (TH_PUSH_TAG): Initialize struct rb_vm_tag::tag with
-	  Qundef rather than 0 which is equal to Qfalse. Since Kernel#throw(obj)
-	  searches a tag with rb_vm_tag::tag == obj, throw(false) can
-	  accidentally find an unrelated tag which is not created by
-	  Kernel#catch.  [ruby-core:77229] [Bug #12743]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_exception.rb (test_throw_false): Add a test case for
-	  this.
-
-Thu Oct 27 16:39:56 2016  Aurelien Jacobs  <aurel@gnuage.org>
-
-	* lib/logger.rb (Logger::Period#next_rotate_time): fix monthly log
-	  rotate when DST is applied during a month of 31 days.
-	  [Fix GH-1458]
-
-Thu Oct 27 16:27:06 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* object.c: Improve documentation for Float conversion.
-	  [ruby-core:71661][Bug #11736][ci skip]
-
-Fri Oct  7 02:44:57 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/GlobalSignRootCA.pem: add for RubyGems.org.
-
-Sat Oct  1 01:02:22 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* variable.c (rb_const_search): raise with the actual class/module
-	  name which defines the private constant.
-
-Sat Oct  1 00:57:54 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_dump.c (backtrace): use rip in the saved context for the case
-	  the SIGSEGV is received when the process is in userland.
-	  Note that ip in the stack should be used if the signal is received
-	  when it is in kernel (when it is calling syscall) [Bug #12711]
-
-Sat Oct  1 00:56:19 2016  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (def check_password): don't include bad password
-	  in URI exception output
-
-	* test/uri/test_generic.rb (def test_set_component): test for behavior
-
-Sat Oct  1 00:55:19 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (nogvl_fsync, nogvl_fdatasync): on Windows, just ignore if the
-	  fd is associated to non-disk device.  if call fsync and/or fdatasync
-	  with such fds, it causes Errno::EBADF exception and the behavior is
-	  incompatible with ruby 2.1 and earlier unintentionally introduced.
-
-Sat Oct  1 00:53:28 2016  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* array.c (flatten): use rb_obj_class instead of rb_class_of
-	  because rb_class_of may return a singleton class.
-	  [ruby-dev:49781] [Bug #12738]
-
-Sat Oct  1 00:52:34 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* man/irb.1: remove useless -width option.
-	  [ruby-dev:49767] [Bug #12692]
-
-Sat Oct  1 00:49:40 2016  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (Init_win32ole): should not use atexit to
-	  free allocated hash table to avoid error on Cygwin.
-
-Sat Oct  1 00:43:11 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/fiddle/test_pointer.rb (test_to_str, test_to_s, test_aref_aset):
-	  Attempt to use independent strings for destructive tests that
-	  directly modify values on memory by using Fiddle::Pointer.
-	  [Bug #12537] [ruby-dev:49700]
-
-Sat Oct  1 00:06:03 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* string.c (str_buf_cat): Fix capa size for embed string.
-	  Fix bug in r55547. [Bug #12536]
-
-Sat Oct  1 00:06:03 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_change_terminator_length): New function to change
-	  termlen and resize heap for the terminator. This is split from
-	  rb_str_fill_terminator (str_fill_term) because filling terminator
-	  and changing terminator length are different things. [Bug #12536]
-
-	* internal.h: declaration for rb_str_change_terminator_length.
-
-	* string.c (str_fill_term): Simplify only to zero-fill the terminator.
-	  For non-shared strings, it assumes that (capa + termlen) bytes of
-	  heap is allocated. This partially reverts r55557.
-
-	* encoding.c (rb_enc_associate_index): rb_str_change_terminator_length
-	  is used, and it should be called whenever the termlen is changed.
-
-	* string.c (str_capacity): New static function to return capacity
-	  of a string with the given termlen, because the termlen may
-	  sometimes be different from TERM_LEN(str) especially during
-	  changing termlen or filling terminator with specific termlen.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_capacity): Use str_capacity.
-
-Sat Oct  1 00:06:03 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* string.c: Partially reverts r55547 and r55555.
-	  ChangeLog about the reverted changes are also deleted in this file.
-	  [Bug #12536] [ruby-dev:49699] [ruby-dev:49702]
-
-Sat Oct  1 00:06:03 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* string.c (str_fill_term): When termlen increases, re-allocation
-	  of memory for termlen should always be needed.
-	  In this fix, if possible, decrease capa instead of realloc.
-	  [Bug #12536] [ruby-dev:49699]
-
-Sat Oct  1 00:06:03 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* string.c: Specify termlen as far as possible.
-	  Additional fix for [Bug #12536] [ruby-dev:49699].
-
-	* string.c (str_new_static): Specify termlen from the given encoding
-	  when creating a new String object is needed.
-
-	* string.c (rb_tainted_str_new_with_enc): New function to create a
-	  tainted String object with the given encoding. This means that
-	  the termlen is correctly specified. Currently static function.
-	  The function name might be renamed to rb_tainted_enc_str_new
-	  or rb_enc_tainted_str_new.
-
-	* string.c (rb_external_str_new_with_enc): Use encoding by using the
-	  above rb_tainted_str_new_with_enc().
-
-Sat Oct  1 00:06:03 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_subseq, str_substr): When RSTRING_EMBED_LEN_MAX
-	  is used, TERM_LEN(str) should be considered with it because
-	  embedded strings are also processed by TERM_FILL.
-	  Additional fix for [Bug #12536] [ruby-dev:49699].
-
-Sat Oct  1 00:06:03 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* string.c: Fix memory corruptions when using UTF-16/32 strings.
-	  [Bug #12536] [ruby-dev:49699]
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_new_with_class): Use TERM_LEN of the "obj".
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_plus, rb_str_justify): Use str_new0 which is aware
-	  of termlen.
-
-	* string.c (str_shared_replace): Copy +termlen bytes instead of +1.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_times): termlen should not be included in capa.
-
-	* string.c (RESIZE_CAPA_TERM): When using RSTRING_EMBED_LEN_MAX,
-	  termlen should be counted with it because embedded strings are
-	  also processed by TERM_FILL.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_capacity, str_shared_replace, str_buf_cat): ditto.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_drop_bytes, rb_str_setbyte, str_byte_substr): ditto.
-
-Sat Oct  1 00:00:13 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_write_internal):
-	  avoid undefined behavior
-	* test/openssl/test_pair.rb (test_write_zero): new test
-	  [ruby-core:76751] [Bug #12660]
-
-Tue Aug 16 21:12:07 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (ADD_TRACE): ignore trace instruction on non-positive
-	  line.
-
-	* parse.y (coverage): get rid of ArgumentError when the starting
-	  line number is not positive.  [ruby-core:76141] [Bug #12517]
-
-Tue Aug 16 21:12:07 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/coverage/test_coverage.rb: ignored test when enabled to coverage.
-	  It lead to crash with `make test-all`.
-
-Tue Aug 16 21:01:55 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (initialize): RFC3986_Parser#split sets opaque
-	  only if the URI has path-rootless, not path-empty.
-	  [ruby-core:76055] [Bug #12498]
-	  patched by Chris Heisterkamp <cheister@squareup.com>
-
-Tue Aug 16 20:59:35 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_strftime.c (date_strftime_with_tmx): reject too
-	  large precision to get rid of buffer overflow.
-	  reported by Guido Vranken <guido AT guidovranken.nl>.
-
-Tue Aug 16 20:58:11 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* regcomp.c (noname_disable_map): don't optimize out group 0
-	  Ruby's Regexp doesn't allow normal numbered groups if the regexp
-	  has named groups. On such case it optimizes out related NT_ENCLOSE.
-	  But even on the case it can use \g<0>.
-	  This fix not to remove NT_ENCLOSE whose regnum is 0.
-	  [ruby-core:75828] [Bug #12454]
-
-Tue Aug 16 20:56:30 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* missing/crypt.c: fix size macros to use configured values
-	  for platforms long is larger than 32bit.
-	  [ruby-core:75792] [Bug #12446]
-
-Tue Aug 16 20:40:36 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c (try_convert_to_bnptr): Extracted from
-	  GetBNPtr(). This doesn't raise exception but returns NULL on error.
-	  (GetBNPtr): Raise TypeError if conversion fails.
-	  (ossl_bn_eq): Implement BN#==.
-	  (ossl_bn_eql): #eql? should not raise TypeError even if the argument
-	  is not compatible with BN.
-	  (ossl_bn_hash): Implement BN#hash.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c (Init_ossl_bn): Define #== and #hash.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_bn.rb: Test BN#eql?, #== and #hash
-
-Tue Aug 16 20:34:22 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* transcode.c (str_transcode0): scrub in the given encoding when
-	  the source encoding is given, not in the encoding of the
-	  receiver.  [ruby-core:75732] [Bug #12431]
-
-Tue Aug 16 20:30:53 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c (ossl_dh_compute_key): Check that the DH
-	  has 'p' (the prime) before calling DH_size(). We can create a DH with
-	  no parameter but DH_size() does not check and dereferences NULL.
-	  [ruby-core:75720] [Bug #12428]
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c (ossl_dsa_sign): Ditto. DSA_size() does
-	  not check dsa->q.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c (ossl_rsa_public_encrypt,
-	  ossl_rsa_public_decrypt, ossl_rsa_private_encrypt,
-	  ossl_rsa_private_decrypt): Ditto. RSA_size() does not check rsa->n.
-
-Tue Aug 16 20:28:24 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* transcode.c (enc_arg, str_transcode_enc_args, econv_args):
-	  remove volatile, and add GC guards in callers.
-	  [ruby-core:75664] [Bug #12411]
-
-Tue Aug 16 14:58:50 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (build-ext), ext/extmk.rb: use variable EXTENCS
-	  different than ENCOBJS, to get rid of circular dependency.
-	  build libencs when linking encodings statically.
-	  [ruby-core:75618] [Bug #12401]
-
-Tue Aug 16 14:54:14 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* variable.c (rb_local_constants_i): exclude private constants
-	  when excluding inherited constants too.  [Bug #12345]
-
-Tue Aug 16 14:43:00 2016  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* lib/drb/timeridconv.rb: don't use keeper thread. [Bug #12342]
-
-	* test/drb/ut_timerholder.rb: ditto.
-
-Tue Aug 16 14:07:18 2016  Marcus Stollsteimer  <sto.mar@web.de>
-
-	* ext/json/lib/*.rb: Removed some comments. Because these are unnecessary
-	  class description. [ci skip][Bug #12255][ruby-core:74835]
-
-Tue Aug 16 14:06:04 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* pack.c (pack_pack): use union instead of bare variable to ease
-	  optimizations and avoid assigning x87 floating point number.
-	  [ruby-core:74496] [Bug #12209]
-
-	* pack.c (pack_unpack): ditto.
-
-Tue Aug 16 13:59:34 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c, ext/socket/rubysocket.h (inet_ntop): share
-	  the fallback definition.  [ruby-core:76646] [Bug #12645]
-
-Tue Aug 16 13:52:42 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (vm_set_main_stack): remove unnecessary check.  toplevel
-	  binding must be initialized.  [Bug #12611] (N1)
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_split_m): simplify the condition.
-	  [Bug #12611](N4)
-
-Tue Aug 16 13:42:42 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_wait_for_single_fd): Clean up fds.revents every time
-	  before calling ppoll(2). [Bug #12575] [ruby-dev:49725]
-
-Tue Aug 16 13:40:26 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/cgihandler.rb (do_GET): delete HTTP_PROXY
-	* test/webrick/test_cgi.rb (test_cgi_env): new test
-	* test/webrick/webrick.cgi (do_GET): new endpoint to dump env
-	  [ruby-core:76511] [Bug #12610]
-
-Tue Aug 16 13:38:36 2016  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/attribute.rb (REXML::Attribute#to_string): Fix wrong
-	  entry reference name of double quote.
-	  [Bug #12609][ruby-core:76509]
-	  Patch by Joseph Marrero. Thanks!!!
-
-Tue Aug 16 13:36:00 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_mark_roots): should mark the VM object itself to mark
-	  singleton class of the VM object.
-	  Before this patch, we only set mark bit for the VM object and
-	  invoke mark function separately.
-	  [Bug #12583]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: add a test.
-
-Tue Aug 16 13:29:25 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/package.rb: Fixed potential perms issue unpacking of
-	  gems on NFS.  [Backport #12579]
-
-	* lib/rubygems.rb: bump version.
-
-Fri Aug 12 11:48:27 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_args.c (setup_parameters_complex): don't raise ArgumentError
-	  if an array is given for instance_exec with optional argument.
-	  [ruby-core:76300] [Bug #12568]
-	  https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/25699
-
-Fri Aug 12 11:45:02 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http/generic_rquest.rb (write_header): A Request-Line must
-	  not contain CR or LF.
-
-Fri Aug 12 11:41:41 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/ftp.rb (putline): raise an ArgumentError when
-	  CR or LF is included in a line.
-
-Fri Aug 12 11:21:24 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (tr_trans): consider terminator length and fix heap
-	  overflow.  reported by Guido Vranken <guido AT guidovranken.nl>.
-
-Tue Jul 12 00:17:36 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/fake.rb: don't fake libdir.  use libdirname instead.
-
-Thu Jul  7 00:05:00 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (Init_Bignum): revert a part of previous commit (r55598),
-	  because the implementation of Object#hash is a little difference from
-	  trunk.  cf. [Backport #12391]
-
-Wed Jul  6 23:02:03 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_big_hash): make it public function to be available in
-	  other source files, and remove documentation comment for Bignum#hash.
-
-	* bignum.c (Bignum#hash): remove its definition because it is unified
-	  with Object#hash.
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_big_hash): add a prototype declaration.
-
-	* hash.c (any_hash): treat Bignum values directly.
-
-Fri Jun 10 17:48:51 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser::Completion.candidate): get rid of
-	  nil as key names.  [ruby-core:75773] [Bug #12438]
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser#make_switch): char class option
-	  cannot be NoArgument, default to RequiredArgument.
-
-Fri Jun 10 17:44:59 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (unescape_nonascii): scan hex up to only 3 characters.
-	  [Bug #12420] [Bug #12423]
-
-Fri Jun 10 17:44:59 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* regparse.c (fetch_token_in_cc): raise error if given octal escaped
-	  character is too big. [Bug #12420] [Bug #12423]
-
-Fri Jun 10 17:34:09 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c (rb_exec_getargs): honor the expected argument types
-	  over the conversion method.  the basic language functionality
-	  should be robust.  [ruby-core:75388] [Bug #12355]
-
-Fri Jun 10 16:30:16 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (new_if_gen): set newline flag to NODE_IF to trace all
-	  if/elsif statements.  [ruby-core:67720] [Bug #10763]
-
-Fri Jun 10 16:24:29 2016  Marcus Stollsteimer  <sto.mar@web.de>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (Init_date_core): [DOC] Convert DateTime
-	  documentation to RDoc from Markdown.
-	  [ruby-core:75136] [Bug #12311]
-
-Fri Jun 10 16:12:58 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* variable.c (rb_local_constants_i): exclude hidden constants.
-	  [ruby-core:75575] [Bug #12389]
-
-Fri Jun 10 16:10:23 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* regcomp.c (compile_length_tree): return error code immediately
-	  if compile_length_tree raised error [Bug #12418]
-
-Fri Jun 10 16:06:25 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/missing.h (isfinite): move from numeric.c.
-
-Fri Jun 10 16:06:25 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (isfinite): get rid of a warning on
-	  cygwin. [Bug #12417][ruby-core:75691]
-
-Fri Jun 10 16:06:25 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (isfinite): isfinite does not always
-	  exist.  fixed build error on Windows introduced at r55123.
-
-Fri Jun 10 16:06:25 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (GetVpValueWithPrec): consider
-	  non-finite float values not to raise FloatDomainError.
-	  [ruby-core:75682] [Bug #12414]
-
-Fri Jun 10 16:00:27 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (recursive_list_access): a object id may be a Bignum.  so,
-	  the list must be a objhash, instead of a identhash.
-	  this fixes many test errors on mswin64 CI.
-
-Fri Jun 10 15:56:24 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_modify_expand): check integer overflow.
-	  [ruby-core:75592] [Bug #12390]
-
-Fri Jun 10 15:54:05 2016  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
-
-	* insns.def (defineclass): Also raise an error when redeclaring the
-	  superclass of a class as Object and it has another superclass.
-	  [Bug #12367] [ruby-core:75446]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_class.rb: test for above.
-
-Fri Jun 10 15:46:24 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* bignum.c: [DOC] Update result of 123456789 ** -2.
-	  [ruby-dev:49606] [Bug #12339]
-
-Fri Jun 10 15:37:25 2016  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* internal.h (RCOMPLEX_SET_IMAG): undef RCOMPLEX_SET_IMAG
-	  instead of duplicated undef RCOMPLEX_SET_REAL.
-
-Fri Jun 10 15:37:25 2016  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* complex.c (rb_complex_set_imag): Fix to properly set imag
-	  of complex.
-
-Fri Jun 10 15:05:41 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c, include/ruby/win32.h (rb_w32_utruncate): implements new
-	  truncate alternative which accepts UTF-8 path.
-
-	* file.c (truncate): use above function.
-	  [Bug #12340]
-
-Fri Apr 29 20:11:38 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_time_tz.rb: Tests depends on Europe/Moscow removed
-	  to avoid test failures due to the tzdata change.
-	  https://github.com/eggert/tz/commit/8ee11a301cf173afb0c76e0315b9f9ec8ebb9d95
-	  Found by naruse.
-
-Wed Apr 27 22:16:04 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (new_label_body): missed backporting r54548 in r54698.
-	  this fixes randomly test failure introduced by r54698.
-	  cf. [Bug #12082]
-
-Tue Apr 26 13:38:31 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* README.EXT{,.ja}: `nul` should be uppercase.
-	  change 'nul' => 'NUL'.  [Fix GH-1172]
-	  derived from a patch by craft4coder <yooobuntu@163.com>
-
-	* doc/extension.rdoc: Improvements to english grammers.
-	  [Bug #12246][ruby-core:74792][ci skip]
-	  derived from a patch by Marcus Stollsteimer <sto.mar@web.de>
-
-Tue Apr 26 13:25:25 2016  Marcus Stollsteimer  <sto.mar@web.de>
-
-	* encoding.c: Fix return value of `Encoding::ISO8859_1.name`
-	  [Bug #12313][ruby-core:75147][ci skip]
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c: Fix code sample of `BigDecimal.new`
-
-Tue Apr 26 13:22:45 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: add missing -lm for AIX.
-
-Tue Apr 26 13:22:45 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: don't use the system-provided round(3) on AIX.
-	  In AIX, round(0.49999999999999994) returns 1.0.
-	  Use round() in numeric.c instead.
-
-Tue Apr 26 13:18:59 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ruby.c: cygwin does not use w32_cmdvector, command line can be
-	  other than UTF-8.  [ruby-dev:49519] [Bug #12184]
-
-Tue Apr 26 13:16:41 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval_jump.c (exec_end_procs_chain): restore previous error info
-	  for each end procs.  [ruby-core:75038] [Bug #12302]
-
-Fri Apr 22 18:36:15 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (new_label_body): initialize bit fields, since
-	  compile_data_alloc does not clear the memory.  [Bug #12082]
-
-Fri Apr 22 18:36:15 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_optimize): disable tail call optimization in
-	  rescued, rescue, and ensure blocks.
-	  [ruby-core:73871] [Bug #12082]
-
-Fri Apr 22 18:34:31 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* doc/regexp.rdoc (comments): [DOC] terminators cannot appear in
-	  comments.  [ruby-core:74838] [Bug #12256]
-
-Fri Apr 22 18:30:50 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* extension.rdoc, extension.ja.rdoc: [DOC] Fix some errors.
-	  Renamed files, wrong method names or argument types; the example
-	  GetDBM macro is now updated to the current version of the actual
-	  code.
-	  patches are derived from Marcus Stollsteimer in [ruby-core:74690].
-	  [Bug #12228]
-
-Fri Apr 22 18:22:15 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c (mime_putc): fix typo.
-	  [Bug #12202] [ruby-core:74802]
-
-Fri Apr 22 18:22:15 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c: Merge upstream 4f3edf80a0.
-	  patched by Anton Sivakov [Bug #12201] [Bug #12202]
-
-Fri Apr 22 18:16:51 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/securerandom.rb (gen_random): to avoid blocking on Windows.
-	  On Windows OpenSSL RAND_bytes (underlying implementation is
-	  RAND_poll in crypto/rand/rand_win.c) may be blocked at
-	  NetStatisticsGet.
-	  https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php/Random_Numbers#Windows_Issues
-	  Instead of this, use Random.raw_seed directory (whose implementation
-	  CryptGenRandom is one of the source of
-	  entropy of RAND_poll on Windows).
-	  https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php/Random_Numbers
-	  Note: CryptGenRandom function is PRNG and doesn't check its entropy,
-	  so it won't block. [Bug #12139]
-	  https://msdn.microsoft.com/ja-jp/library/windows/desktop/aa379942.aspx
-	  https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4086#section-7.1.3
-	  https://eprint.iacr.org/2007/419.pdf
-	  http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~dolev/pubs/thesis/msc-thesis-leo.pdf
-
-Fri Apr 22 18:13:22 2016  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb: Fix test on Windows for inconsistent temp path.
-	  https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/1554
-	  [Bug #12193][ruby-core:74431]
-
-Fri Apr 22 16:37:14 2016  multisnow  <infinity.blick.winkel@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: check RAND_edg to support libressl.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c (ossl_rand_egd): define only if RAND_edg
-	  is available.  [Fix GH-829]
-
-Fri Apr 22 16:24:00 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (rb_cv_lgamma_r_m0): fix the condition for
-	  lgamma_r(-0.0).  [Bug #12249]
-
-Fri Apr 22 16:24:00 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (rb_cv_lgamma_r_m0): check if lgamma_r(-0.0)
-	  returns negative infinity.  [Bug #12249]
-
-	* math.c (ruby_lgamma_r): define by the configured result.
-
-Fri Apr 22 16:24:00 2016  cremno phobia  <cremno@mail.ru>
-
-	* math.c (ruby_lgamma_r): missing/lgamma_r.c is used on Windows,
-	  since msvcrt does not provide it.
-
-	* missing/lgamma_r.c (lgamma_r): fix lgamma(-0.0).
-	  [ruby-core:74823] [Bug #12249]
-
-Fri Apr 22 16:24:00 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* math.c (ruby_lgamma_r): mswin's lgamma_r also seems to be wrong.
-	  cf. [Bug #12249]
-
-Fri Apr 22 16:24:00 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* math.c (ruby_tgamma): fix tgamma(-0.0) on mingw.
-	  [ruby-core:74817] [Bug #12249]
-
-Fri Apr 22 16:00:50 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* defs/keywords (alias, undef): symbol literals are allowed.
-
-	* parse.y (parse_percent): should parse symbol literals for alias
-	  and undef.  [ruby-dev:47681] [Bug #8851]
-
-Fri Apr 22 15:47:58 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* struct.c (struct_make_members_list): extract making member name
-	  list from char* va_list, with creating symbols without
-	  intermediate IDs.
-
-Fri Apr 22 15:19:01 2016  Joe Swatosh  <joe.swatosh@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/win32/lib/win32/registry.rb (DeleteValue, DeleteKey): fix
-	  API names.  [ruby-core:74863] [Bug #12264]
-
-Fri Apr 22 15:13:39 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_struct): make at_exit a single linked list but
-	  not RArray, not to mark the registered functions by the write
-	  barrier.  based on the patches by Evan Phoenix.
-	  [ruby-core:73908] [Bug #12095]
-
-Fri Apr 22 15:08:27 2016  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (update_coverage): Do not track coverage in loaded files
-	  after Coverage.result. Avoids out-of-bounds access. [Bug #12237]
-
-	* ext/coverage/coverage.c (coverage_clear_result_i): document.
-
-Fri Apr 22 14:56:46 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (Init_date_core): [DOC] fix misplaced doc
-	  of DateTime.  [ruby-core:74729] [Bug #12233]
-
-Fri Apr 22 14:48:09 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parse_ident): allow keyword arguments just after a
-	  method where the same name local variable is defined.
-	  [ruby-core:73816] [Bug#12073]
-
-Fri Apr 22 14:34:27 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (setup_exception): set the cause only if it is explicitly
-	  given or not set yet.  [Bug #12068]
-
-Fri Apr 22 14:13:28 2016  sorah (Shota Fukumori)  <her@sorah.jp>
-
-	* lib/forwardable.rb: Convert given accessors to String.
-
-	  r53381 changed to accept only Symbol or String for accessors, but
-	  there are several rubygems that pass classes (e.g. Array,
-	  Hash, ...) as accessors. Prior r53381, it was accepted because Class#to_s
-	  returns its class name. After r53381 given accessors are checked
-	  with define_method, but it accepts only Symbol or String, otherwise
-	  raises TypeError.
-
-	      def_delegator Foo, :some_method
-
-	  This change is to revert unexpected incompatibility. But this behavior
-	  may change in the future.
-
-Fri Apr 22 14:13:28 2016  Elliot Winkler  <elliot.winkler@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/forwardable.rb (def_instance_delegator) fix delegating to
-	  'args' and 'block', clashing with local variables in generated
-	  methods.  [ruby-core:72579] [Bug #11916]
-
-	* lib/forwardable.rb (def_single_delegator): ditto.
-
-Fri Apr 22 13:41:38 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (compile_massign_lhs): when index ends with splat,
-	  append rhs value to it like POSTARG, since VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT
-	  splats the last argument only.  [ruby-core:72777] [Bug #11970]
-
-Thu Mar 31 05:06:02 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): fix buffer overflow, length must be
-	  greater than precision.  reported by William Bowling <will AT
-	  wbowling.info>.
-
-Thu Mar 31 04:49:05 2016  Kimura Wataru  <kimuraw@i.nifty.jp>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: handled rlimit value same as r52277
-	  [Bug #11852][ruby-dev:49446]
-
-Wed Mar 30 06:37:56 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/extlibs.rb (do_patch): let "patch" command change the
-	  working directory and open the patch file there, instead of
-	  spawn options, so that proper error message will be shown by the
-	  command not just "chdir" or "open".
-
-Wed Mar 30 06:11:36 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (reserve_stack): fix reserving position where
-	  the stack growing bottom to top. [Bug #12118]
-
-Wed Mar 30 06:04:18 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* .travis.yml: removed commented-out code.
-
-Wed Mar 30 06:04:18 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* .travis.yml: removed osx code. follow up with r53517
-
-Wed Mar 30 06:04:18 2016  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* .travis.yml: update libssl before running tests. 
-	  Thanks to Chris Sinjakli <chris@sinjakli.co.uk> for figuring out the
-	  travis settings!
-
-Wed Mar 30 06:04:18 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* .travis.yml: removed Ruby 1.9.3 build on Travis CI
-
-Wed Mar 30 06:04:18 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* .travis.yml: Remove redundant configuration option.
-	  [fix GH-809] Patch by @gxworld
-
-Wed Mar 30 05:15:04 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
-
-	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: check SSL_CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb
-	  function rather than OPENSSL_NPN_NEGOTIATED macro. it exists
-	  even if it is disabled by OpenSSL configuration.
-	  [ruby-core:74384] [Bug #12182]
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: update #ifdef(s) as above.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: skip NPN tests if NPN is disabled.
-
-Wed Mar 30 05:13:25 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/http.rb (URI::HTTP#initialize): [DOC] fix example,
-	  missing mandatory arguments.  [ruby-core:74540] [Bug #12215]
-
-Tue Mar 29 02:22:35 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/uri/mailto.rb: raising URI::InvalidComponentError instead
-	  of failing with undefined method `split' for nil:NilClass for
-	  mailto: URIs without opaque part. [Bug #10738]
-	* test/uri/testuri.rb: Test for above
-
-Tue Mar 29 02:08:40 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* signal.c: should also clear ruby_disable_gc.
-	  [Bug #11692]
-
-Tue Mar 29 02:04:18 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_f_catch): [DOC] fix malformed RDoc syntax, "+...+"
-	  cannot enclose non-identifier characters.
-	  a patch by Sebastian S in [ruby-core:74278].  [Bug#12170]
-
-Tue Mar 29 02:02:53 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/-ext-/float/test_nextafter.rb: In AIX,
-	  nextafter(+0.0,-0.0)=+0.0, and nextafter(-0.0,+0.0)=-0.0,
-	  but they should return -0.0 and +0.0, respectively. This is
-	  a known bug in nextafter(3) on AIX, so skip related tests.
-
-Tue Mar 29 01:56:24 2016  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/installer.rb: merge partially r49511.
-	  cherry picking https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/commit/f9232680
-	  [Bug #12066]
-
-Tue Mar 29 01:41:10 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (enc_succ_alnum_char): try to skip an invalid character
-	  gap between GREEK CAPITAL RHO and SIGMA.
-	  [ruby-core:74478] [Bug #12204]
-
-Tue Mar 29 01:27:52 2016  Victor Nawothnig  <Victor.Nawothnig@gmail.com>
-
-	* parse.y (parse_numvar): NTH_REF must be less than a half of
-	  INT_MAX, as it is left-shifted to be ORed with back-ref flag.
-	  [ruby-core:74444] [Bug#12192] [Fix GH-1296]
-
-Tue Mar 29 01:24:55 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/trans/JIS: update Unicode's notice. [Bug #11844]
-
-Tue Mar 29 01:22:39 2016  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* marshal.c (r_object0):  raise ArgumentError when linking to undefined
-	  object.
-
-Tue Mar 29 01:22:39 2016  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* marshal.c (r_object0): Fix Marshal crash for corrupt extended object.
-
-Tue Mar 29 01:20:37 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_sslctx_setup): document as MT-unsafe
-	  [ruby-core:73803] [Bug #12069]
-
-Tue Mar 29 01:07:36 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* insns.def (opt_mod): show its method name on ZeroDivisionError.
-	  [Bug #12158]
-
-Tue Mar 29 01:05:28 2016  Anthony Dmitriyev  <antstorm@gmail.com>
-
-	* net/ftp.rb: add NullSocket#closed? to fix closing not opened
-	  connection.  [Fix GH-1232]
-
-Tue Mar 29 01:02:49 2016  Koichi ITO  <koic.ito@gmail.com>
-
-	* variable.c: Added documentation about order of `Module#constants`
-	  [ci skip][Bug #12121][ruby-dev:49505][fix GH-1301]
-
-Tue Mar 29 00:56:10 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_execopts_gid): Skip a test
-	  that is known to fail on AIX. AIX allows setgid to
-	  a supplementary group, but Ruby does not allow the "-e"
-	  option when setgid'ed, so the test does not work as intended.
-
-Tue Mar 29 00:53:26 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/socket/test_addrinfo.rb (test_ipv6_address_predicates):
-	  IN6_IS_ADDR_V4COMPAT and IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED are broken
-	  on AIX, so skip related tests.
-
-Tue Mar 29 00:44:55 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb (test_make_socket_ipv4_multicast):
-	  The fifth argument to getsockopt(2) should be modified to
-	  indicate the actual size of the value on return,
-	  but not in AIX. This is a know bug. Skip related tests.
-	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb (test_ring_server_ipv4_multicast):
-	  ditto.
-	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb (test_make_socket_unicast): ditto.
-	* test/socket/test_basicsocket.rb (test_getsockopt): ditto.
-	* test/socket/test_sockopt.rb (test_bool): ditto.
-
-Tue Mar 29 00:43:40 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/zlib/test_zlib.rb (test_adler32_combine, test_crc32_combine):
-	  Skip two tests on AIX because zconf.h in zlib does not correctly
-	  recognize _LARGE_FILES in AIX. The problem was already reported
-	  to zlib, and skip these tests until it is fixed.
-
-Tue Mar 29 00:42:10 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/gdbm/test_gdbm.rb (TestGDBM#test_s_open_lock): skip
-	  this test on AIX. The issue is the same as on Solaris.
-	  [ruby-dev:47631]
-
-Tue Mar 29 00:33:06 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (getstack): __pi_stacksize returned by
-	  pthread_getthrds_np() is wrong on AIX. Use
-	  __pi_stackend - __pi_stackaddr instead.
-
-Tue Mar 29 00:06:58 2016  Alex Boyd  <alex@opengroove.org>
-
-	* lib/irb.rb: avoid to needless truncation when using back_trace_limit option.
-	  [fix GH-1205][ruby-core:72773][Bug #11969]
-
-Tue Mar 29 00:00:27 2016  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/tablelist_tile.rb: fix method name typo.
-	  [ruby-core:72513] [Bug #11893] The patch provided by Akira Matsuda.
-
-
-Mon Mar 28 23:58:27 2016  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/toolbar.rb: fix method name typo.
-	  [ruby-core:72511] [Bug #11891] The patch provided by Akira Matsuda.
-
-
-Mon Mar 28 23:57:33 2016  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tree.rb: fix method name typo.
-	  [ruby-core:72510] [Bug #11890] The patch provided by Akira Matsuda.
-
-
-Mon Mar 28 23:56:17 2016  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/menubar.rb: fix a typo in font name. [ruby-core:72505]
-	  [Bug #11886] The patch provided by Akira Matsuda.
-
-	* ext/tk/sample/*.rb: ditto.
-
-Mon Mar 28 23:20:12 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/fiddle/test_handle.rb (test_NEXT): use -test-/dln/empty
-	  which is always a shared object and is not used by others.
-	  [ruby-dev:48629] [Bug #10384]
-
-Mon Mar 28 23:15:54 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ruby.h: undef HAVE_BUILTIN___BUILTIN_CHOOSE_EXPR_CONSTANT_P
-	  and HAVE_BUILTIN___BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P on C++.
-	  [ruby-core:72736] [Bug #11962]
-
-Thu Mar 24 20:39:58 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c (inspect_tcpi_msec): more accurate condition
-	  for TCPI msec member inspection function.
-	  [ruby-core:74388] [Bug #12185]
-
-Thu Mar 10 00:22:25 2016  Naotoshi Seo  <sonots@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/logger.rb: Remove block from Logger.add as it's not needed
-	  patch provided by Daniel Lobato Garcia [fix GH-1240] [Bug #12054]
-
-Thu Mar 10 00:17:57 2016  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c: Remove deprecated kcode argument from Regexp.new and compile
-	  patch provided by Dylan Pulliam [Bug #11495]
-
-Thu Mar 10 00:17:57 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c: Update documentation for Regexp class.
-	  [fix GH-937][ci skip] Patch by @davydovanton
-
-Thu Mar 10 00:04:34 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_gethostname): support unlimited size
-	  hostname.
-
-Wed Mar  9 22:59:43 2016  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/xmlrpc/client.rb: Support SSL options in async methods of
-	  XMLRPC::Client.
-	  [Bug #11489]
-	  Reported by Aleksandar Kostadinov. Thanks!!!
-
-Wed Mar  9 22:46:56 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* marshal.c (r_object0): honor Marshal.load post proc
-	  value for TYPE_LINK.  by Hiroshi Nakamura <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/1204 fix GH-1204
-
-Wed Mar  9 22:26:38 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c (sockopt_bool): relax boolean size to be one
-	  too not only sizeof(int).  Winsock getsockopt() returns a single
-	  byte as a boolean socket option.  [ruby-core:72730] [Bug #11958]
-
-Wed Mar  9 05:14:20 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* io.c (io_getpartial): remove unused kwarg from template
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_readpartial_bad_args): new
-	  [Bug #11885]
-
-Wed Mar  9 05:14:20 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_read_internal):
-	  do not process kwargs in blocking mode
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: test sysread
-
-Wed Mar  9 04:21:02 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c (rb_execarg_parent_start1): need to convert the encoding to
-	  ospath's one.
-
-Wed Mar  9 04:21:02 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c: use rb_w32_uchdir() instead of plain chdir() on Windows.
-	  reported by naruse via twitter.
-
-	* process.c (rb_execarg_addopt): need to convert the encoding to
-	  ospath's one.
-
-Wed Mar  9 04:15:20 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_binmode): implement to set encoding
-	* test/stringio/test_stringio.rb (test_binmode): new test
-	  [ruby-core:72699] [Bug #11945]
-
-Wed Mar  9 03:53:37 2016  Tadashi Saito  <tad.a.digger@gmail.com>
-
-	* compile.c, cont.c, doc, man: fix common misspelling.
-	  [ruby-core:72466] [Bug #11870]
-
-Wed Mar  9 03:51:48 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_init_sock): reject reserved FDs
-	  [ruby-core:72445] [Bug #11862]
-
-Wed Mar  9 03:41:27 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_init_sock): check FD after validating
-	* test/socket/test_basicsocket.rb (test_for_fd): new
-	  [ruby-core:72418] [Bug #11854]
-
-Wed Mar  9 03:34:54 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (reg_names_iter): should consider encoding of regexp.
-	  [ruby-core:72185] [Bug #11825]
-
-Wed Feb 24 08:18:18 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* enc/windows_1250.c: Should not use C++ style comments (C99 feature).
-	  [Bug #11843]
-
-Tue Feb 23 03:43:23 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* enc/iso_8859_2.c, enc/windows_1250.c: separate Windows-1250
-	  from ISO-8859-2 to fix 0x80..0x9e range (from Kimihito Matsui)
-
-Tue Feb 23 03:43:23 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/windows_1252.c: separate from ISO-8859-1 to fix 0x80..0x9e
-	  range.  [ruby-core:64049] [Bug #10097]
-
-Tue Feb 23 03:43:23 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* enc/iso_8859_13.c: Added three missing lower/upper-case
-	  character pairs (from Kimihito Matsui)
-
-Tue Feb 23 03:43:23 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* enc/iso_8859_4.c: Added missing lower/upper-case character
-	  pair (U+014A and U+014B, LATIN CAPITAL/SMALL LETTER ENG)
-	  (from Kimihito Matsui)
-
-Mon Feb 15 02:05:13 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_scrub): the result should be infected by the
-	  original string.
-
-Mon Feb 15 02:05:13 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* transcode.c (rb_econv_substr_append, econv_primitive_convert):
-	  the result should be infected by the original string.
-
-Mon Feb 15 02:05:13 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h: add raw FL macros, which assume always the
-	  argument object is not a special constant.
-
-	* internal.h (STR_EMBED_P, STR_SHARED_P): valid only for T_STRING.
-
-	* string.c: deal with taint flags directly across String instances.
-
-Mon Feb 15 01:20:08 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (regexp): set_yylval_num sets u1, should use nd_tag
-	  instead of nd_state.  [ruby-core:72638] [Bug #11932]
-
-Tue Jan 26 21:52:16 2016  Joseph Tibbertsma  <josephtibbertsma@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c (RVALUE_PAGE_WB_UNPROTECTED): fix a typo of argument name.
-	  [Fix GH-1221]
-
-Mon Jan 18 00:34:41 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): should not set fastpath
-	  with keyword arguments for VM_METHOD_TYPE_ATTRSET type methods.
-
-	  Normally, we can not use keyword arguments for this kind of methods,
-	  (obj.foo = 1), but we can set alias names for them.
-	  [Bug #11657]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_keyword.rb: add a test for this fix.
-
-Wed Dec 23 06:05:50 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_yylex): allow here documents in labeled
-	  argument.  [ruby-core:72396] [Bug #11849]
-
-Wed Dec 23 05:52:06 2015  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_syntax.rb: fix typo in test
-
-Wed Dec 23 05:52:06 2015  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* parse.y (parse_percent): Allow %-literals in labeled arg as
-	  r51624 did for parentheses.
-	  Fixes [ruby-core:72084] [Bug #11812].
-
-Mon Dec 21 05:05:54 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* cont.c: fix a double word typo.
-	  [Bug #11313][ruby-core:69749]
-
-Mon Dec 21 05:04:18 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: fix typos.
-	  [Bug #11764][ruby-core:71800]
-
-Wed Dec 16 21:10:19 2015  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/handle.c: check tainted string arguments.
-	  Patch provided by tenderlove and nobu.
-
-	* test/fiddle/test_handle.rb (class TestHandle): add test for above.
-
-Wed Dec 16 02:38:19 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (parse_mode_enc): fix buffer overflow.
-
-Sat Dec 12 17:19:27 2015  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* doc/NEWS-0.2.2: add description about incompatible change in Hash
-	  duplicated key overriding policy. [Bug #10315] [Bug #11501]
-
-Fri Dec 11 22:41:15 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* insns.def (opt_case_dispatch): avoid converting Infinity
-	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb (test_opt_case_dispatch_inf): new
-	  [ruby-dev:49423] [Bug #11804]'
-
-Thu Dec 10 00:23:07 2015  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: pthread_getattr_np is broken on AIX.
-	  More specifically, the stack address and size returned are
-	  not correct.
-
-Thu Dec 10 00:19:18 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (update-gems): use BASERUBY instead of RUNRUBY.
-
-Wed Dec  9 01:49:13 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* insns.def (opt_case_dispatch): check Float#=== redefinition
-	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb (test_opt_case_dispatch): new
-	  [ruby-core:71920] [Bug #11784]
-
-Wed Dec  9 01:46:23 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ruby_atomic.h (ATOMIC_SIZE_CAS): fix the argument order of
-	  InterlockedCompareExchange64.  new value and then old value is
-	  the last.
-
-Wed Dec  9 01:28:54 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* encoding.c (enc_m_loader): defer finding encoding object not to
-	  be infected by marshal source.  [ruby-core:71793] [Bug #11760]
-
-	* marshal.c (r_object0): enable compatible loader on USERDEF
-	  class.  the loader function is called with the class itself,
-	  instead of an allocated object, and the loaded data.
-
-	* marshal.c (compat_allocator_table): initialize
-	  compat_allocator_tbl on demand.
-
-	* object.c (rb_undefined_alloc): extract from rb_obj_alloc.
-
-Wed Dec  9 01:24:57 2015  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/-test-/file/fs.c: need to include sys/statvfs.h
-	  to use statvfs().
-
-	* ext/-test-/file/extconf.rb: check the existence of
-	  sys/statvfs.h
-
-Fri Dec  4 04:46:33 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): fix wrong shifting position in
-	  Rational conversion when not at the beginning of the result.
-	  [ruby-core:71806] [Bug #11766]
-
-Fri Dec  4 02:42:37 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* range.c (range_to_s): should be infected by the receiver.
-	  str2 infects by appending.  [ruby-core:71811] [Bug #11767]
-
-Wed Dec  2 03:17:01 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/readline/extconf.rb: call dir_config("libedit")
-	  if --enable-libedit is spcified. [Bug #11751]
-	  patched by John Hein
-
-Wed Dec  2 02:59:42 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_here_document): store dispatched result of
-	  on_tstring_content at the last fragment of a here document.
-
-Tue Dec  1 02:52:17 2015  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: merge partially r52391 to get rid of CI error.
-
-Tue Dec  1 02:27:41 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_each_codepoint): raise an exception at incomplete
-	  character before EOF when conversion takes place.  [Bug #11444]
-
-Sun Nov 29 18:02:44 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (argf_getpartial): should not resize str if the second
-	  argument is not given.
-	  [ruby-core:71668] [Bug #11738]
-
-Sun Nov 29 17:48:39 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (local_var_list_add): skip internal local variable
-	  name by its type but not if it has a name.  internal local
-	  variable names are just unique per frame, not globally.
-	  [ruby-core:71437] [Bug #11674]
-
-Sun Nov 29 17:13:16 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_each_codepoint): read more data when read partially.
-	  [ruby-core:70379] [Bug #11444]
-
-Sun Nov 29 16:46:25 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb: set hostname before call ossl_ssl_set_session.
-	  [Bug #11401][ruby-core:70152][fix GH-964] Patch by @mkarnebeek
-
-Sun Nov 29 16:33:30 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* transcode.c (rb_econv_open0): rb_econv_t::source_encoding_name
-	  and rb_econv_t::destination_encoding_name should refer static
-	  strings always or NULL.  [ruby-core:70247] [Bug #11416]
-
-Sun Nov 29 16:11:32 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* iseq.c (iseq_data_to_ary): dump kw_arg as symbol
-	* test/-ext-/iseq_load/test_iseq_load.rb: test kw_arg roundtrip
-	  [ruby-core:69891] [Bug #11338]
-
-Sun Nov 29 02:55:56 2015  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* gc.c (__has_feature): move into internal.h.
-
-	* internal.h (__has_feature): ditto.
-
-	* internal.h (__has_extension): new macro.
-
-	* internal.h (STATIC_ASSERT): use _Static_assert with
-	  clang. [ruby-core:69931] [Bug #11343]
-
-Sat Nov 28 06:28:55 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (literal_concat_gen, evstr2dstr_gen): keep literal
-	  encoding beginning with an interpolation same as the source file
-	  encoding.  [ruby-core:70703] [Bug #11519]
-
-Sat Nov 28 06:12:32 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ssl_npn_select_cb): explicitly raise error
-	  in ext/openssl instead of OpenSSL itself because LibreSSL
-	  silently truncate the selected protocol name by casting the length
-	  from int to unsigned char. [Bug #11369]
-	  Patch by Jeremy Evans <merch-redmine@jeremyevans.net>
-
-Sat Nov 28 05:50:58 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (send_internal): set method_missing_reason before
-	  invoking overriding method_missing method so that the default
-	  method_missing can achieve it properly.
-	  [ruby-core:68515] [Bug #10969]
-
-Sat Nov 28 05:47:27 2015  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_symbol.rb (test_symbol_fstr_leak): add a warm-up
-	  code and check RSS to avoid false positive on AIX and false
-	  negative on Mac OS X. [Bug #10686]
-
-Sat Nov 28 05:47:27 2015  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_symbol.rb: avoid a false positive in AIX.
-
-Sat Nov 28 05:35:28 2015  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb
-	  (test_trace_object_allocations_start_stop_clear): clear object
-	  allocation table first to get rid of erroneous detection for obj3.
-	  [ruby-dev:49095] [Bug #11271]
-
-Sat Nov 28 05:21:06 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* insns.def (defined): skip respond_to_missing? when
-	  a method is available.
-	  [Bug #11211]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_defined.rb: add a test for this fix.
-
-Wed Nov 25 01:05:29 2015  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/digest/sha1/sha1ossl.c: fix defs.h path to catch up changes in
-	  r52739.[Bug #3231]
-
-	* ext/digest/rmd160/rmd160ossl.c: ditto.
-
-Wed Nov 25 00:54:15 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (kwd_append): fix segv after invalid keyword argument,
-	  preceding keyword list is NULL when syntax error is there.
-	  [ruby-core:71356] [Bug #11663]
-
-Wed Nov 25 00:47:07 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/ipaddr.rb, test/test_ipaddr.rb: Reject invalid address contained
-	  EOL string. Patch by @kachick [fix GH-942][Bug #11513]
-
-Wed Nov 25 00:32:44 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_build_from_ary_body): register cdhash to the
-	  iseq constant body instead of compile time mark array, not to
-	  get GCed.  [ruby-core:70708] [Feature #8543]
-
-Wed Nov 25 00:14:28 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/digest/*/*.[ch]: include ruby.h before digest.h to avoid
-	  includeing ext/digest/extconf.h. [Bug #3231]
-	  https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/36k2cdd4.aspx
-
-	* ext/digest/*/extconf.rb: remove ext/digest from include search path
-	  to avoid confusion of cl.exe.
-
-	* ext/digest/*/*.[ch]: explicitly specify def.h's path.
-
-Wed Nov 25 00:03:42 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* Added missing reference of GitHub
-
-Wed Nov 25 00:03:42 2015  Trevor Rowe  <trevorrowe@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb: Fixed regression for Net::HTTP::PUT with "Expect-100"
-	  header. [fix GH-949]
-	* test/net/http/test_http.rb: added test.
-
-Mon Nov 23 00:19:51 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_invoke_block): we should not expect ci->argc is
-	  stable after invoking a block. [Bug #11451]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_yield.rb: add a test. This test script is given by
-	  Alex Dowad.
-
-Thu Nov 19 01:06:07 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* load.c (rb_load_internal0): stop separating exits at loading
-	  from exits from execution.  TAG_FATAL is the only case that
-	  `errinfo` is a Fixnum, and should continue to exit by JUMP_TAG
-	  but not raising as an ordinary exception.
-	  [ruby-core:70169] [Bug #11404]
-
-Thu Nov 19 01:06:07 2015  Alex Dowad  <alexinbeijing@gmail.com>
-
-	* load.c (rb_load_internal0): extra check before returning
-	  TAG_RAISE when a non-local transfer of control happens while
-	  loading and parsing a Ruby source file.
-	  [ruby-core:70169] [Bug #11404]
-
-Thu Nov 19 01:06:07 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* load.c (rb_load_internal0): do not raise any exceptions but
-	  return the result tag state.
-
-	* load.c (rb_load_protect): reduce nested EXEC_TAGs.
-
-Thu Nov 19 00:41:09 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/euc_jp.c (mbc_case_fold): check given string is valid or not,
-	  and if invalid, return 1. [Bug #11486]
-
-Thu Nov 19 00:15:23 2015  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c: Merge ruby/openssl@b9ea8ef [Bug #10735]
-
-Thu Nov 19 00:01:14 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (argf_next_argv): check ARGV element type, and try
-	  conversion if necessary.  [ruby-core:71140] [Bug #11610]
-
-Wed Nov 18 23:29:32 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_method_tab): Only add SSLv3 support
-	  if the SSL library supports it.  Thanks Kurt Roeckx <kurt@roeckx.be>
-	  [Bug #11376]
-
-	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: check for SSLv3 support in the SSL
-	  implementation.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb (class OpenSSL): Skip tests that need SSLv3
-	  if there is no support.
-
-Mon Nov 16 03:39:59 2015  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/runruby.rb: rubyspec now requires other FDs not to be closed
-	  since 7b6ce1fee.
-
-Sun Nov  8 23:30:56 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_trace.c (rb_threadptr_exec_event_hooks_orig):
-	  maintain trace_running counter on internal events.
-
-	  This patch is made by Takashi Kokubun <takashikkbn@gmail.com>.
-	  [Bug #11603] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/1059
-
-Sun Nov  1 03:52:41 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb: Fix tests so that they take in to
-	  account OpenSSL installations that have SSLv3 disabled by default.
-	  Thanks Jeremy Evans <code@jeremyevans.net> for the patches.
-	  [Bug #11366] [Bug #11367]
-
-Sun Nov  1 03:40:43 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb (OpenSSL#test_ctx_client_session_cb):
-	  fix test failure with OpenSSL disabled SSLv3 protocol.
-	  [ruby-core:63772] [Bug #10046]
-
-Tue Oct 27 23:58:32 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm.c (hook_before_rewind): prevent kicking :return event while
-	  finishing vm_exec func because invoke_block_from_c() kick a :return
-	  event for bmethods.
-	  [Bug #11492]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test.
-
-Tue Oct 27 23:38:26 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: check for libunwind.h, which is not available in
-	  very old OS X SDK.  [ruby-core:71080] [Bug #11591]
-
-Tue Oct 27 23:32:51 2015  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* test/drb/test_drb.rb: Run Rinda/DRb tests on localhost. [Fix GH-1027]
-	  patch by voxik.
-
-	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb: ditto
-
-Tue Oct  6 01:29:02 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (IS_BEG): include labeled argument state, which was
-	  EXPR_LABELARG.  [ruby-dev:49221] [Bug #11456]
-
-Tue Oct  6 01:29:02 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y: fix syntax error at do-block after a conditional
-	  operator.  separate label-allowed and after-a-label states from
-	  others as bit flags.  [ruby-dev:48790] [Bug #10653]
-
-Mon Oct  5 03:29:23 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* enum.c (nmin_filter): Fix limit value.
-	  patch by Helder Pereira.
-	  [Bug #11471] [ruby-core:70477]
-
-Wed Sep 30 03:44:36 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rss/rss.rb (Time#w3cdtf): fix zero-trimmed width of fraction
-	  digits.  [ruby-core:70667] [Bug #11509]
-
-Wed Sep 30 03:34:25 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (rb_memsearch_wchar, rb_memsearch_qchar): test matching
-	  till the end of string.  [ruby-core:70592] [Bug #11488]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_m17n.rb (test_include?, test_index): add tests by
-	  Tom Stuart.
-
-Wed Sep 30 03:24:29 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (reserve_stack): ensure the memory is really
-	  allocated. [Bug #11457]
-
-Tue Aug 25 01:01:01 2015  Koichi Sasada <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* insns.def (defineclass): introduce an ad-hoc patch to avoid
-	  an issue reported on [Bug #10871].
-
-	  This patch does not fix completely. For example, method definition
-	  in a block (like 1.times{def ...; end}) still causes same issue.
-	  To solve all, we need a huge patch and it seems difficult for
-	  stable branch.
-
-	  Use Ruby 2.3 and later to solve this issue completely.
-	  (See [Bug #10943])
-
-Tue Aug 18 22:52:50 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/downloader.rb: support old versions of ruby.
-
-	* tool/downloader.rb: now can download gems by http if openssl is not
-	  available (this may be danger!)
-
-Tue Aug 18 20:10:13 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (Init_Numeric): Fix document for Float::MIN and
-	  Float::EPSILON.
-
-Mon Aug 17 23:07:47 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rubygems.rb: bump version to 2.4.5.1. this version fixed
-	  CVE-2015-3900.
-	* lib/rubygems/remote_fetcher.rb: ditto.
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem_remote_fetcher.rb: added testcase for CVE-2015-3900
-
-Mon Aug 17 23:00:56 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/win32/lib/win32/registry.rb (API#SetValue): data size should
-	  be in bytes, not in chars.  [ruby-core:70365] [Bug #11439]
-
-Mon Aug 17 23:00:56 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/win32/lib/win32/registry.rb (API#SetValue): add terminator
-	  size, not 1 byte.  [ruby-core:70365] [Bug #11439]
-
-Sun Aug 16 03:14:04 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (rb_memsearch): should match only char boundaries in wide
-	  character encodings.  [ruby-core:70220] [Bug #11413]
-
-Sun Aug 16 03:00:44 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* symbol.h (struct RSymbol): add hashval field
-	* symbol.c (dsymbol_alloc): setup hashval field once
-	* hash.c (rb_any_hash): return RSymbol->hashval directly
-	* common.mk: hash.o depends on symbol.h
-	  Thanks to Bruno Escherl <bruno@escherl.net> for the bug report
-	  [ruby-core:70129] [Bug #11396]
-
-Fri Aug 14 16:30:43 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* transcode.c (rb_econv_set_replacement): target encoding name can
-	  be empty now.  [ruby-core:69841] [Bug #11324]
-
-Fri Aug 14 15:24:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_any_hash): fix Float hash.  rb_dbl_hash() returns a
-	  Fixnum, but not a long.  [Bug #9381]
-
-Fri Aug 14 15:09:34 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/json/parser/parser.rl: raise with messages in UTF-8
-	  encoding.  [ruby-core:67386] [Bug #10705]
-
-Fri Aug 14 00:44:34 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_oflags_modestr): handle O_TRUNC correctly
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_reopen_stdio): new test
-	  Patch-by: cremno phobia <cremno@mail.ru>
-	  [ruby-core:69779] [Bug #11319]
-
-Thu Aug 13 01:25:26 2015  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/net/ftp.rb (makeport): close the TCPServer
-	  when sending the port fails.
-
-	* test/net/ftp/test_ftp.rb: test for above.
-
-Thu Aug 13 01:03:13 2015  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* lib/net/http/response.rb (Net::HTTPResponse::Inflater#finish):
-	  fix a bug that empty gzipped response body causes Zlib::BufError.
-	  [ruby-core:68846] [Bug #11058]
-
-	* test/net/http/test_httpresponse.rb: tests for the above.
-
-Thu Aug 13 01:03:13 2015  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* lib/net/http/response.rb (Net::HTTPResponse#inflater):
-	  fix TypeError. An exception object might be nil.
-	  [ruby-core:68846] [Bug #11058]
-
-Thu Aug 13 00:03:24 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* .travis.yml: update libssl before running tests. 
-	  Thanks to Chris Sinjakli <chris@sinjakli.co.uk> for figuring out the
-	  travis settings!
-
-Thu Aug 13 00:03:24 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (module OpenSSL): raise a more
-	  helpful exception when verifying the peer connection and an
-	  anonymous cipher has been selected. [ruby-core:68330] [Bug #10910]
-	  Thanks to Chris Sinjakli <chris@sinjakli.co.uk> for the patch.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb (class OpenSSL): test for change
-
-Wed Aug 12 23:57:01 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/date/extconf.rb: try_cflags("-std=iso9899:1999") [Bug #10906]
-	  ruby itself (including numeric.c) is built with strict compile
-	  options including -std=iso9899:1999, but ext/date is not.
-	  By the way -std=iso9899:1999 is not only a warning option but also
-	  changes behavior like MACRO definitions for example INFINITY.
-	  gcc on Solaris affect this.
-
-Wed Aug 12 23:53:39 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (waitpid): return immediately if interrupted.
-	  reported by <takkanm AT gmail.com> [ruby-dev:49176] [Bug #11340]
-
-Wed Aug 12 01:05:58 2015  Jeremy Evans  <merch-redmine@jeremyevans.net>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Fix LocalJumpErrors being raised
-	  in OpenSSL tests. [ruby-core:70020][Bug #11368]
-
-Wed Aug 12 00:54:29 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_repeated_permutation): fix buffer size, ALLOCV_N
-	  already multiplies element size.
-
-Tue Aug 11 01:51:53 2015 CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/timeout.rb (ExitException): leave Timeout::ExitException as an
-	  alias of Timeout::Error for backward compatibility in stable branch.
-	  [ruby-dev:49179] [Bug #11344]
-
-Tue Aug 11 01:51:53 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/timeout.rb (ExitException): removed internal exception class
-	  and use Timeout::Error instead, as using throw/catch to isolate
-	  each timeouts now.  [ruby-dev:49179] [Bug #11344]
-
-Tue Aug 11 01:37:28 2015  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* test/net/http/test_httpresponse.rb
-	(HTTPResponseTest#test_read_body_content_encoding_deflate_uppercase):
-	fix a failure without zlib.
-
-Tue Aug 11 01:37:28 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http/response.rb (inflater): CONTENT_ENCODING can be upper
-	  case. [ruby-core:69670] [Bug #11285] patched by Andy Chu
-
-Tue Aug 11 01:21:49 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (m_core_hash_merge_ptr): copy the arguments to the machine
-	  stack before rewinding the control frame pointer and leaving the
-	  arguments outside valid region of the value stack.
-	  [ruby-core:69969] [Bug #11352]
-
-	* vm.c (REWIND_CFP): keep the arguments region inside the valid
-	  value stack.  [ruby-core:69969] [Bug #11352]
-
-Tue Aug 11 01:11:02 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_reverse): reversed string is not a substring,
-	  and should not set coderange of the original string.
-	  [ruby-dev:49189] [Bug #11387]
-
-Tue Aug 11 00:42:53 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (lambda_body): pop cmdarg stack for lookahead
-	  token.  [ruby-core:70067] [Bug #11380]
-
-Tue Aug 11 00:21:56 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: Solaris 11 has struct tcp_info.tcpi_ca_state,
-	  but it is a dummy.
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c: Solaris 11 doesn't have u_intN_t.
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c: Solaris 11 needs inspect_tcpi_msec.
-
-	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c: Solaris 11 has AF_PACKET but doesn't have
-	  related macros.
-
-Tue Aug  4 04:11:34 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/time.rb (strptime): Support %s.%N.
-	  [ruby-core:68301] [Bug #10904] Patch by Sadayuki Furuhashi.
-
-Tue Aug  4 03:43:15 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* transcode.c (load_transcoder_entry): fix transcoder loading race
-	  condition, by waiting in require.  [ruby-dev:49106] [Bug #11277]
-
-Tue Aug  4 03:13:59 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (ary_ensure_room_for_push): check if array size will
-	  exceed maximum size to get rid of buffer overflow.
-	  [ruby-dev:49043] [Bug #11235]
-
-	* array.c (ary_ensure_room_for_unshift, rb_ary_splice): ditto.
-
-Sat Jul  4 23:08:32 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_load_ok): try opening file without gvl not to
-	  lock entire process.  [Bug #11060]
-
-Sat Jul  4 05:00:48 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (pkg_config): split --libs if --libs-only-l option
-	  is not available.  patch in [ruby-core:69428] by Hans Mackowiak.
-	  [ruby-core:69421] [Bug #11201]
-
-Sat Jul  4 04:46:51 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): out of range NTH_REF is always
-	  nil.
-
-	* parse.y (parse_numvar): check overflow of NTH_REF and range.
-	  [ruby-core:69393] [Bug #11192]
-
-	* util.c (ruby_scan_digits): make public and add length parameter.
-
-Sat Jul  4 04:35:51 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_method_call_status): resolve refined method entry
-	  to check if undefined.  [ruby-core:69064] [Bug #11117]
-
-Sat Jul  4 04:35:51 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_method_call_status): undefined refined method is
-	  not callable unless using.  [ruby-core:69064] [Bug #11117]
-
-Wed Jul  1 04:16:56 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.gemspec: Fix require paths for released gem.
-	  [fix GH-929] Patch by @voxik
-	* ext/io/console/io-console.gemspec: ditto.
-
-Wed Jul  1 04:15:38 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c: Fix indentation for rdoc.
-	  [Bug #11221][ruby-core:69465]
-
-Sat Jun 27 22:51:59 2015  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
-
-	* ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c(dump_object): Return empty JSON object when
-	  passed object is a special const, instead of SEGV.
-	  Based patch by Kohei Suzuki (eagletmt). [ruby-core:69692] [Bug #11291]
-
-	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb(test_dump_special_consts): Test for above fix.
-
-
-Wed Jun 17 02:53:59 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb (test_dump_flags): relax pattern
-	  because long_lived flag and marked flag can be false at major GC.
-	  [Bug #10852]
-
-Mon Jun 15 03:24:23 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (lep_svar_set): add WBs.
-
-Fri Jun 12 01:39:49 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/ancdata.c: use RB_GC_GUARD instead of volatile
-	  [ruby-core:69419] [Feature #11198]
-
-Fri Jun 12 01:16:13 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (ossl_asn1_traverse, ossl_asn1_decode,
-	  ossl_asn1_decode_all): use RB_GC_GUARD instead of volatile
-	  [ruby-core:69371] [Bug #11185]
-
-Fri Jun 12 01:14:00 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (setup_overlapped): seek to the file end only when
-	  writing (mode:a), not reading (mode:a+, read).
-
-Fri Jun 12 01:11:52 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* load.c (loaded_feature_path): stop returning false negatives for
-	  filenames which are trailing substrings of file extensions.  For
-	  example, 'b', which a trailing substring of ".rb" should not return
-	  false. [Bug #11155][ruby-core:69206]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_autoload.rb: test for fix
-
-Sun May 24 03:56:27 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* marshal.c (r_symreal): register symbol names as strings first so
-	  that r_symlink always returns valid names.
-	  [ruby-core:68587] [Bug #10991]
-
-	* marshal.c (r_ivar, r_object0): now need to intern symbol names.
-
-	* marshal.c (r_object0): compare with symbol names.
-
-Sun May 24 03:53:07 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_recvmsg_internal): GC guard
-	  [Bug #11123]
-
-Sun May 24 03:44:42 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* range.c (linear_object_p, range_include): test if covered for
-	  linear objects.  [ruby-core:69052] [Bug #11113]
-
-Sun May 24 03:41:45 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/imap.rb (body_ext_mpart): should work even if body-fld-dsp
-	  is omitted.  [ruby-core:69093] [Bug #11128]
-
-Sun May 24 03:37:14 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c: added documentation for character sequence \' with String#sub
-	  [Bug #11132][ruby-core:69121][fix GH-900][ci skip] Patch by @shishir127
-
-Sun May 24 03:32:53 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* rational.c: Added documentation for rational literal.
-	  [Bug #11075][fix GH-885][ci skip] Patch by @shishir127
-
-Sun May 24 03:06:20 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/ipsocket.c (init_inetsock_internal): preserve errno
-	  before other library calls and use rb_syserr_fail.
-	  [ruby-core:68531] [Bug #10975]
-
-Sun May 24 03:01:17 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/-test-/printf/printf.c (uint_to_str): renamed to get rid of
-	  conflict on cygwin.  [ruby-core:68877] [Bug #11065]
-
-Sun May 24 02:44:53 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm.c (vm_exec): check other events when RETURN is thrown.
-	  [Bug #10724]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test.
-
-Sun May 24 02:21:47 2015  Masahiro Tomita  <tommy@tmtm.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (addrinfo_mload): fix memory leak of
-	  addrinfo.  [ruby-dev:48923] [Bug #11051]
-
-Sun May 24 02:17:05 2015  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@cookpad.com>
-
-	* bigdecimal: conform to ruby's license.  [ruby-core:68466] [Bug #10952]
-
-Sun May 24 02:06:34 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/-test-/file/fs.c (get_fsname): try magic number only if
-	  f_type is included.  [ruby-dev:48913] [Bug #11000]
-
-Sun May 24 02:06:34 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/-test-/file/fs.c (get_fsname): return filesystem name by
-	  statfs/statvfs.  [ruby-core:68624] [Bug #10998]
-
-Sun May 24 02:02:00 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_symbol.rb: fix syntax error.
-
-Sun May 24 02:02:00 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_any_hash): Symbols are compared by the identities
-	  always.  [ruby-core:68767] [Bug #11035]
-
-Sun May 24 02:01:07 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_any_hash): use same hash values with Float#hash so
-	  that -0.0 and +0.0 will be identical.
-	  [ruby-core:68541] [Bug #10979]
-
-Thu May 21 01:34:48 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (id2ref): prohibit from accessing internal objects.
-	  [ruby-core:68348] [Bug #10918]
-
-Thu May 21 01:32:02 2015  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/pty/pty.c: AIX supports autopush.
-	  Patch by Perry Smith [ruby-core:58539] [Bug #9144]
-
-Thu May 21 01:07:41 2015  Misumi Rize  <r@ayase-e.li>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_throw_start): search the target to break
-	  from a block with nested rescue, from the nested blocks.
-	  [ruby-core:67765] [Bug #10775] [Fix GH-820]
-
-Thu May 21 00:55:45 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_args.c: protect value stack from calling other methods
-	  during complex parameter setting process (splat, kw, and so on).
-	  [Bug #11027]
-
-	* vm_core.h: remove rb_thead_t::mark_stack_len.
-	  With this modification, we don't need to use th->mark_stack_len.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_keyword.rb: add a test.
-
-	* cont.c (cont_capture): catch up this fix.
-
-	* vm.c (rb_thread_mark): ditto.
-
-Thu May 21 00:07:54 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_obj_instance_eval, rb_obj_instance_exec): allow
-	  symbols to just instance_eval/exec, except for definition of
-	  singletons.  [ruby-core:68961] [Bug #11086]
-
-Wed May 20 04:33:50 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (STR_SET_EMBED): clear NOFREE flag at embedding as
-	  embedded strings no longer refer static strings.
-	  [ruby-core:68436] [Bug #10942]
-
-Wed May 20 03:46:11 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (need_normalization): use getattrlist() if fgetattrlist()
-	  is unavailable, on OSX 10.5.  [ruby-core:68829] [Bug #11054]
-
-Wed May 20 03:25:34 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* proc.c (proc_binding): replicate env from method object, and
-	  allocate the local variable area for the iseq local table.
-	  [ruby-core:68673] [Bug #11012]
-
-Wed May 20 03:25:34 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* proc.c: use RUBY_VM_IFUNC_P() to recognize IFUNC or not.
-
-	* vm.c: ditto.
-
-	* vm_dump.c: ditto.
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
-
-	* vm_core.h: use RB_TYPE_P() instead of BUILTIN_TYPE().
-
-Wed May 20 03:10:49 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_hash_aref_flo.rb: make more realistic data.
-	  [ruby-core:68632] [[Bug #10999]
-
-Wed May 20 02:49:49 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* proc.c (respond_to_missing_p): check if the receiver responds to
-	  the given method by respond_to_missing?.
-
-	* proc.c (mnew_missing): create Method object for method_missing.
-	  [ruby-core:68564] [Bug #10985]
-
-Wed May 20 02:16:05 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (replace_real_basename): need to check the return value of
-	  GLOB_REALLOC().
-
-Wed May 20 02:16:05 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (replace_real_basename): shouldn't create Ruby object before
-	  the object system is loaded.
-	  [ruby-core:68430] [Bug #10941]
-
-Wed May 20 01:58:12 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Label::Str#==): Check class equality.
-	  (Resolv::DNS::Name#initialize): Normalize labels as
-	  Resolv::DNS::Label::Str objects.
-
-Wed May 20 01:47:23 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_compile_with_option): check source type, must be
-	  an IO or a String.  [ruby-core:69219] [Bug #11159]
-
-Fri May 15 05:01:25 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* symbol.c (Init_sym): make dsym_fstrs a hash compared by identity
-	  as the keys are unique fstrings, to get rid of running hash and
-	  compare methods and causing new object allocation during garbage
-	  collection phase.  [ruby-dev:48891] [Bug #10933]
-
-Thu May 14 00:50:40 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (lambda): push and reset cmdarg_stack in lambda body.
-	  [ruby-core:69017] [Bug #11107]
-
-Thu May 14 00:39:29 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dln.c (dln_load): check if a different libruby is loaded by the
-	  extension library, and then bail out to get rid of very frequent
-	  reported stale bug reports.
-
-Thu May 14 00:29:44 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#mv): show the exact target path in
-	  the error message instead of the destination parent directory
-	  name.  patched by Joao Britto <jabcalves AT gmail.com> at
-	  [ruby-core:68706].  [Bug #11021]
-
-Thu May 14 00:19:04 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (reserve_stack): keep sp safe zone to get rid
-	  of crash by -fstack-check.  [ruby-core:68740] [Bug #11030]
-
-Tue Apr 14 23:33:39 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: check also procstat_getvmmap, which is not
-	  available on FreeBSD 9.  [ruby-core:68468] [Bug #10954]
-
-	* vm_dump.c (procstat_vm): use kinfo_getvmmap instead if
-	  procstat_getvmmap is not available.
-
-Mon Apr 13 22:11:21 2015  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb: stricter hostname verification
-	  following RFC 6125. with the patch provided by Tony Arcieri and
-	  Hiroshi Nakamura [ruby-core:61545] [Bug #9644]
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: add tests for above.
-
-Mon Apr 13 13:03:33 2015  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/securerandom.rb: skip Win32 libraries in SecureRandom if
-	  OpenSSL::Random is available.
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/848 [Bug #10948] [Bug #10995]
-
-Mon Apr 13 00:49:56 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (arg): fix segfault by null caused by syntax error.
-	  [ruby-core:68851] [Bug #10957]
-
-Mon Apr 13 00:49:56 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (primary): empty parentheses at cmdarg can be null.
-	  [ruby-core:68477] [Bug #10957]
-
-Mon Apr 13 00:44:12 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/io/wait/wait.c (io_nread): wrap return value with INT2FIX
-	  Thanks to Yura Sokolov <funny.falcon@gmail.com>
-	  [ruby-core:68369] [Bug#10923]
-	* test/io/wait/test_io_wait.rb (test_nread_buffered):
-	  fix broken test
-
-Mon Apr 13 00:16:32 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (vm_call_super): search next super class from the
-	  original class, to get rid of infinite recursion with
-	  prepending.  a patch by Seiei Higa <hanachin AT gmail.com> at
-	  [ruby-core:68434].  [ruby-core:68093] [Bug #10847]
-
-Mon Apr 13 00:09:48 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* class.c (rb_prepend_module): need a WB for klass -> origin.
-
-Sun Apr 12 23:53:33 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/extconf.rb: needs --enable-shared when linked to
-	  libruby or fiddle.so.  since --with-static-linked-ext does no
-	  longer link extensions to ruby program with --enable-shared, the
-	  only combination needs --enable-static is --disable-shared and
-	  --with-static-linked-ext.  [ruby-dev:48901] [Bug #10960]
-
-Sun Apr 12 23:53:33 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/extconf.rb: make PIC objects if it will be linked as
-	  a shared object eventually.  [ruby-core:67128]
-
-Sun Mar 22 12:39:17 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* spec/default.mspec: use default configuration file name.
-	  https://github.com/ruby/rubyspec/commit/cc69f337b06362e5607ffa3e3ad40ef7494960cf
-
-Sun Mar 22 12:39:17 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* spec/default.mspec: remove specific version number.
-	  https://github.com/ruby/rubyspec/commit/7a909e925c1baa9c700bd44af9241aef6e596714
-
-Sun Mar 22 12:39:17 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* common.mk: use ruby organization for rubyspec.
-
-Thu Feb 26 15:48:41 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/win32/Win32API.rb (initialize): accept both a string and an array
-	  for the arguments of the imported function.
-	  reported by Aaron Stone [ruby-core:68208] [Bug #10876] [Fixes GH-835]
-
-Wed Feb 25 15:36:26 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/merger.rb: support 2.1+ versioning scheme.
-
-Tue Feb 24 17:41:27 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* time.c (time_zone_name): should be US-ASCII only if all 7-bits,
-	  otherwise locale encoding.  [ruby-core:68230] [Bug #10887]
-
-Tue Feb 24 17:41:27 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* time.c (time_zone_name): should be US-ASCII only if all 7-bits,
-	  otherwise locale encoding.  [ruby-core:68230] [Bug #10887]
-
-Tue Feb 24 17:41:27 2015  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
-
-	* time.c: Zone encoding should be US-ASCII if all 7-bits. Fix r46907.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_time.rb, test/ruby/test_time_tz.rb: Update tests.
-
-Tue Feb 24 16:37:26 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (chompped_length): enable smart chomp for all non-dummy
-	  encoding strings, not only default_rs.
-	  [ruby-core:68258] [Bug #10893]
-
-Tue Feb 24 16:31:53 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_split_m): raise ArgumentError at broken string
-	  not RegexpError, as Regexp is not involved in.
-	  [ruby-core:68229] [Bug #10886]
-
-Tue Feb 24 14:00:46 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_objspace_call_finalizer): control GC execution during
-	  force firnalizations at the end of interpreter process.
-	  [Bug #10768]
-
-	  1) Prohibit incremental GC while running Ruby-level finalizers
-	     to avoid any danger.
-	  2) Prohibit GC while invoking T_DATA/T_FILE data structure
-	     because these operations break object relations consistency.
-
-	  This patch can introduce another memory consuming issue because
-	  Ruby-level finalizers can run after (2), GC is disabled.
-	  However, basically object consistency was broken at (2) as I
-	  described above. So that running Ruby-level finalizers contains
-	  danger originally. Because of this point, I need to suggest to
-	  remove these 3 lines (invoking remaining finalizers). And add a
-	  rule to add that finalizers should not add new finalizers, or
-	  say there is no guarantee to invoke finalizers that added by
-	  another finalizer.
-
-Tue Feb 24 14:00:46 2015  Aman Gupta <ruby@tmm1.net>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_objspace_free): cause rb_bug if lazy sweep is in progress
-	  during rb_objspace_free. Adds extra protection for r46340.
-	  Patch by Vicent Marti. [Bug #10768] [ruby-core:67734]
-	* gc.c (rb_objspace_call_finalizer): Ensure GC is completed after
-	  finalizers have run. We already call gc_rest() before invoking
-	  finalizers, but finalizer can allocate new objects and start new GC
-	  cycle, so we call gc_rest() again after finalizers are complete.
-
-Tue Feb 24 10:30:59 2015  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (rb_vm_rewrite_cref_stack): copy nd_refinements
-	  of original crefs. It fixes segmentation fault when calling
-	  refined method in duplicate module. [ruby-dev:48878] [Bug #10885]
-
-	* vm_core.h, class.c: change accordingly.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: add a test for above.
-
-Sun Feb 22 21:20:37 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (match_aref): RMatch::regexp is Qnil after matching by a
-	  string since r45451.  [ruby-core:68209] [Bug #10877]
-
-Sun Feb 22 17:11:25 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* Makefile.in (probes.stamp): rebuild dtrace dependent objects
-	  only when `dtrace -G` modifies its input files.
-
-Sun Feb 22 17:11:25 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* common.mk (ruby-glommed.o): dependency on $(OBJ) should be written
-	  in common.mk (in which OBJ is defined) because of Makefile include
-	  and parse order. This partly reverts r49419.
-	  [ruby-dev:48849] [Bug #10808]
-
-	* Makefile.in (ruby-glommed.o): ditto.
-
-	* Makefile.in (ruby-glommed.o): remove excess $(DTRACE_OBJ) because
-	  it is included in $(OBJS) since r49451.
-
-	* Makefile.in (probes.o): should depend on $(DTRACE_DEPENDENT_OBJS)
-
-Sun Feb 22 02:16:40 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_identical_p): fix handle leak, ensure to close
-	  the handle of the first argument.
-
-Sat Feb 21 13:48:11 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (different_device_p): compare by volume serial
-	  numbers, not by path names.  [ruby-core:68162] [Bug #10865]
-
-Sat Feb 21 13:48:11 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (wrename): return EXDEV if moving a directory to
-	  another drive, since MoveFileExW does not set proper error code.
-	  [ruby-core:68162] [Bug #10865]
-
-Sat Feb 21 12:46:51 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/file.c (rb_file_expand_path_internal): neither the drive
-	  of base directory nor the current drive are involved in the
-	  result if different than the drive of path.
-	  [ruby-core:68130] [Bug #10858]
-
-Sat Feb 21 12:46:51 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/file.c (rb_file_expand_path_internal): do not make invalid
-	  (or ADS) path if the path has a drive letter, the result also
-	  should have be under it.  [ruby-core:68130] [Bug #10858]
-
-Sat Feb 21 12:45:54 2015  Matt Hoyle  <matt@deployable.co>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (VpSetPTR): fix a typo, 'expoennt'
-	  to 'exponent'.  [ruby-core:67980] [Bug #10823] [Fix GH-825]
-
-Fri Feb 20 17:47:20 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_call_info_kw_arg_struct): make keywords a symbols
-	  list to get rid of inadvertent creation by variable keyword
-	  arguments.  [ruby-core:68031] [Bug #10831]
-
-Fri Feb 20 15:08:17 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (has_magic): always get long path name on Windows even if
-	  no tilde is there.  [ruby-core:68011] [Bug #10819]
-
-	* dir.c (replace_real_basename): FindFirstFile ignore redirection
-	  character, check if exists before call it.  cf. [Bug #8597]
-
-Fri Feb 20 15:08:17 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (glob_helper): obtain real name with FindFirstFile API
-	  instead of matchin all entries, on Windows.
-	  [ruby-core:67954] [Bug #10819]
-
-Fri Feb 20 14:32:14 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (dir_initialize): workaround of opendir failure at symlink
-	  directories on Windows via CIFS.
-
-Thu Feb 19 17:05:47 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* class.c (rb_obj_singleton_methods): should use RTEST() to convert
-	  VALUE to int.
-
-Thu Feb 19 16:14:04 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* class.c (method_entry_i, class_instance_method_list,
-	  rb_obj_singleton_methods): should not include methods of
-	  superclasses if recur is false. [ruby-dev:48854] [Bug #10826]
-
-Thu Feb 19 16:14:04 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_method.c (remove_method): When remove refined
-	  method, raise a NameError if the method is not
-	  defined in refined class.
-
-	  But if the method is defined in refined class,
-	  it should keep refined method and remove original
-	  method.
-
-	  Patch by Seiei Higa. [ruby-core:67722] [Bug #10765]
-
-Thu Feb 19 16:07:03 2015  Seiei Higa  <hanachin@gmail.com>
-
-	* proc.c (rb_obj_singleton_method): Kernel#singleton_method should
-	  not use refinements, as well as Kernel#method.
-	  [ruby-core:67603] [Bug #10744]
-
-Thu Feb 19 15:32:26 2015  Dave Stevens  <dave@crowdlab.com>
-
-	* string.c (str_make_independent_expand): terminate String when
-	  moved from heap to embedded.  [Fix GH-821].
-
-Thu Feb 19 13:35:21 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/sdbm/_sdbm.c: include ruby/ruby.h for PRIdPTRDIFF when a
-	  macro `DEBUG` is defined.  based on the patch by Owen Rodley in
-	  [ruby-core:67987]. [Bug #10825]
-
-Tue Feb 17 18:57:13 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Resource#==, #hash): elements
-	  returned by Kernel#instance_variables are Symbols now.
-	  [ruby-core:68128] [Bug #10857]
-
-Tue Feb 17 15:39:01 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/win32/lib/win32/registry.rb (Win32::Registry::API): use wide
-	  versions of RegDeleteValue and RegDeleteKey.
-	  [ruby-core:67958] [Bug #10820]
-
-Tue Feb 17 11:50:06 2015  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* string.c (str_discard): does not free for STR_NOFREE string.
-	  [Bug #10853][ruby-core:68110]
-
-	* bootstraptest/test_string.rb: test for above.
-
-Sun Feb 15 13:15:46 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/getaddrinfo.c (get_addr): reject too long hostname to
-	  get rid of GHOST vulnerability on very old platforms.
-
-	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (make_hostent_internal): ditto, paranoic
-	  check for the canonnical name.
-
-Sat Feb 14 13:27:41 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (send_internal), vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_opt_send):
-	  convert String method name into a Symbol, as method_missing
-	  method expects its first argument to be a Symbol.  [Bug #10828]
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (ci_missing_reason): return the reason of method
-	  missing in call info.
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_opt_send): re-apply r49500 with the
-	  proper missing reason.  [Bug #10828]
-
-Sat Feb 14 13:27:41 2015  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c: Fix symbol leak with +send+ [Bug #10828]
-
-Sat Feb 14 08:53:50 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* class.c (method_entry_i, class_instance_method_list,
-	  rb_obj_singleton_methods): should not include methods of
-	  superclasses if recur is false. [ruby-dev:48854] [Bug #10826]
-
-Fri Feb 13 13:59:56 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (try_cppflags, try_cflags, try_ldflags): get rid of
-	  interference by modifying global variables in have_devel? method.
-	  [ruby-core:67962] [Bug #10821]
-
-Fri Feb 13 03:13:05 2015  Scott Francis  <scott.francis@shopify.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (reserve_stack): fix intermittent SIGBUS on
-	  Linux, by reserving the stack virtual address space at process
-	  start up so that it will not clash with the heap space.
-	  [Fix GH-822]
-
-Fri Feb  6 12:05:13 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c: Improve documentation for Thread#value
-	  [Bug #10694][ruby-core:67324][ci skip]
-
-Fri Feb  6 12:02:05 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/win32/libffi.mk.tmpl: assemble without directory prefix.
-	  workaround of a bug of VC12 ml, by unak at [ruby-core:67792].
-	  [ruby-core:67789] [Bug #10780]
-
-Fri Feb  6 01:03:38 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* marshal.c (w_object, marshal_dump): use indetity tables for
-	  arbitrary VALUE keys, because of performance of FLONUM.
-	  [Bug #10761]
-
-	* marshal.c (obj_alloc_by_klass, marshal_load): ditto.
-
-Fri Feb  6 01:03:38 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_marshal_dump_flo.rb: new benchmark for [Bug #10761]
-
-Fri Feb  6 01:03:38 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* st.c (st_numhash): mix float value for flonum
-	* hash.c (rb_any_hash): ditto
-	* benchmark/bm_hash_aref_flo.rb: new benchmark
-	* benchmark/bm_hash_ident_flo.rb: ditto
-	  [Bug #10761]
-
-Thu Feb  5 16:30:09 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (gettable_gen): disable warnings of possible reference
-	  to a local variable defined in a past scope.
-	  [ruby-core:67162] [Bug #10661]
-
-Mon Jan 26 15:35:16 2015  Seiei Higa  <hanachin@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_method.c (check_definition): Module#public_method_defined?,
-	  Module#private_method_defined?, Module#protected_method_defined?
-	  should not use refinements. [ruby-core:67656] [Bug #10753]
-
-Thu Jan 22 11:47:31 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* doc/syntax/literals.rdoc (Symbols): now Symbols created by
-	  interpolation can be garbage collected.  patch by Yihang Ho in
-	  [ruby-core:67194].  [Bug #10671]
-
-Thu Jan 22 11:45:32 2015  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* eval_intern.h, vm.c, vm_eval.c, vm_insnhelper.c:
-	  change throw mechanism (not save target ep, but save target cfp).
-	  It fixes `unexpected break' bug that occurs when
-	  TracePoint#binding is called.
-	  [ruby-dev:48797] [Bug #10689]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test.
-
-Tue Jan 20 14:05:08 2015  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_invoke): avoid SEGV when VT_RECORD
-	  variable is passed by reference. [ruby-dev:48803] [Bug #10697] 
-
-Mon Jan 19 15:45:33 2015  Seiei Higa  <hanachin@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry): if no super class, no original
-	  method entry.  [ruby-core:67389] [Bug #10707]
-
-Mon Jan 19 12:03:59 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): check by configured result instead
-	  of system name for old FreeBSD.  based on a patch by Steve Wills
-	  at [ruby-core:67655].  [Bug #10752]
-
-Mon Jan 19 12:00:51 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: get rid of pattern substitution, which is not
-	  supported by ash, and ash on NetBSD parses whole source first
-	  and fails to start.  [ruby-dev:48823] [Bug #10750]
-
-Mon Jan 19 11:57:14 2015  Vit Ondruch  <vondruch@redhat.com>
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_SETJMP_TYPE): Remove superfluous semicolon
-	  which causes a syntax error with autoconf 2.63.
-	  [ruby-core:67429] [Bug #10716]
-
-Mon Jan 19 11:44:52 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rdoc/text.rb (expand_tabs): get rid of infinite loop with
-	  CR.  should check if substitution occurred too.
-	  [ruby-dev:48813] [Bug #10732]
-
-Sun Jan 18 00:59:41 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (bit_coerce): use original value for error message
-	  [ruby-core:67405] [Bug #10711]
-	* test/ruby/test_numeric.rb (test_coerce): check error message
-
-Sun Jan 18 00:53:38 2015  Seiei Higa  <hanachin@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_method.c (rb_alias): raise a NameError when creating alias to
-	  a refined method if the original method of the refined method is
-	  not defined.  [ruby-core:67523] [Bug #10731]
-
-Sat Jan 17 22:25:50 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (need_normalization): not only HFS+, CIFS (SMB) is also
-	  decomposed.  [Bug #10704]
-
-	* dir.c (NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH): Unicode decomposition seems to
-	  perform in an upper layer than file systems on OSX, as all path
-	  names are always decomposed regardless of file system types.
-
-Sat Jan 17 17:56:45 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (assocs, assoc): eliminate splatting empty literal
-	  hashes.  [ruby-core:67446] [Bug #10719]
-
-	* compile.c (compile_array_): supprt splatted hash in hash type.
-
-Sat Jan 17 16:49:49 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_s_refresh_line): initialize
-	  before rl_refresh_line(), as some function make the internal
-	  state non-clean but rl_refresh_line() does not re-initialize it.
-	  [ruby-core:43957] [Bug #6232]
-
-Sat Jan 17 16:47:20 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval_error.c (error_print): pos and len parameters of rb_str_substr()
-	  are counted by characters, not bytes.  use rb_str_subseq() instead.
-	  [Bug #10727] [ruby-core:67473]
-
-Sat Jan 17 16:35:59 2015  Seiei Higa  <hanachin@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_method.c (rb_export_method): bail out if the original method
-	  is undefined when the method is refined.
-	  [ruby-core:67387] [Bug #10706]
-
-Sat Jan 17 16:16:14 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (glob_helper): match in case-folding only if the directory
-	  resides on a case-insensitve file system, on OSX.
-	  [ruby-core:67364] [Bug #10700]
-
-Sat Jan 17 02:04:01 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb: consider ENETUNREACH as ResolvTimeout
-	  [ruby-core:67411] [Bug #10712]
-
-Sat Jan 17 01:57:57 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c: fix document of method signatures.
-	  [Bug #10668][ruby-core:67186][ci skip]
-
-Sat Jan 17 01:52:42 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* time.c (timelocalw): Set tm_isdst field -1 if vtm->isdst is
-	  VTM_ISDST_INITVAL.  This bug is introduced at packing struct
-	  vtm (r45155).
-	  [ruby-core:67345] [Bug #10698] Reported by Boris Ruf.
-
-Fri Jan 16 21:17:34 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: added timeout for AIX environment.
-	  [ruby-core:62983][Bug #9917]
-
-Fri Jan 16 18:25:57 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Name#==): Compare an array of Label:Str
-	  objects.  Label#Str#== is case-insensitive.
-
-Fri Jan 16 18:25:57 2015  Ben Miller  <bmiller@rackspace.com>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Name#==): DNS is case-insensitive, so the
-	  comparison should be case-insensitive as well.
-	  [ruby-core:66498] [Bug #10550]
-
-Fri Jan 16 18:25:57 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Name): names with different dots
-	  should be different.
-
-Fri Jan 16 17:34:57 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (f_label): return tLABEL value as it is.
-	  [ruby-core:67315] [Bug #10693]
-
-Fri Jan 16 16:49:04 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP#send_request): there is no response body
-	  with HEAD request. Patch by @rodrigosaito [fix GH-520]
-
-Fri Jan 16 16:49:04 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/net/http/test_http.rb (_test_send_request__HEAD): Added
-	  failing test for send_request with HEAD method.
-
-Fri Jan 16 14:56:08 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* symbol.c (rb_gc_free_dsymbol): delete from global fstr hash
-	* test/ruby/test_symbol.rb (test_symbol_fstr_leak): test for bug
-	  [ruby-core:67268] [Bug #10686]
-
-Fri Jan 16 14:20:52 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_args.c (keyword_hash_p): fix non-symbol keys hash.
-	  rb_extract_keywords() returns 0 not Qnil when no symbol keys is
-	  included.
-
-Fri Jan 16 11:06:17 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: typo fix. [ci skip]
-	  [ruby-dev:48794][misc #10675]
-	  included.  [ruby-core:67264] [Bug #10685]
-Fri Jan 16 11:04:35 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (unescape_nonascii): append excape sequence as-is not
-	  unescaped character, to get rid of unexpected meta-character.
-	  [ruby-core:67193] [Bug #10670]
-
-Sat Jan  3 21:17:58 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_variable_get): fix dynamic symbol keys.
-	  rb_check_id() returns non-zero only for static symbols, whereas
-	  thread local variable keys can be dynamic symbols.
-	  [ruby-core:67185] [Bug #10667]
-
-Thu Jan  1 08:29:55 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* cygwin/GNUmakefile.in (EXTOBJS): override to add resource files
-	  always.  [ruby-core:67153] [Bug #10657]
-
-Wed Dec 31 15:26:46 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (f_kwrest, new_args_tail_gen): unnamed rest keyword and
-	  keywords bits arguments should be unique.  since internal IDs
-	  depend on the local variable index in the current scope, new ID
-	  should be made before popping those vtables.
-	  [ruby-core:67157] [Bug #10659]
-
-Wed Dec 31 14:11:58 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/plotchart.rb: fix to invoke correct function
-	  of tcllib. Patch by @zalt50 [fix GH-787]
-
-Wed Dec 31 13:26:22 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_living_threads_insert): preserve order
-	  [Bug #10660] [ruby-core:67154] [ruby-core:67159]
-
-Fri Dec 26 15:42:27 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb: skip installing bundle gems if zlib is unavailable.
-	  [Bug #10647] [ruby-dev:48787]
-
-Thu Dec 25 17:42:01 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_dev): send the given arguments
-	  to the opened console.  as a special case, do nothing if :close
-	  is given.
-
-	* test/lib/leakchecker.rb (LeakChecker#check_fd_leak): close if
-	  console.
-
-Thu Dec 25 17:37:47 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c (wmap_final_func): fix memory size shortage when realloc wmap.
-	  Fix SEGV during finilize of WeakRef on Solaris (though the SEGV
-	  could occur on all OS/platforms). [ruby-dev:48779] [Bug #10646]
-
-Thu Dec 25 17:31:51 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (NET_LUID): include winsock2.h instead of windows.h.
-	  patch by Jon Forums in [ruby-core:67125].  [Bug #10640]
-
-Thu Dec 25 16:01:19 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_expand_path_internal): drop characters ignored
-	  by filesystem on Mac OS X.
-
-Thu Dec 25 15:36:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (replace_real_basename): get the real name and replace the
-	  base name with it by getattrlist(2) if available.
-	  suggested by Matthew Draper at [ruby-core:67116].  [Bug #10015]
-
-	* dir.c (glob_helper): get the real name of the whole path, not
-	  only the last name.
-
-Thu Dec 25 13:59:17 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (NET_LUID): include also ifdef.h as a workaround of
-	  a bug in mingw-w64 header.  [ruby-core:67103] [Bug #10640]
-
-Thu Dec 25 12:47:44 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (gettable_gen): warn possible reference to a local
-	  variable defined in a past scope.
-
-Thu Dec 25 10:09:14 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_dev): id_console is not a
-	  constant name, use rb_const_remove() to get rid of NameError.
-
-Thu Dec 25 09:18:55 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/resolv/test_dns.rb (TestResolvDNS#test_query_ipv4_address):
-	  set timeout for recvfrom because if client thread is crashed, it
-	  waits infinity.
-
-Thu Dec 25 08:42:11 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (split_userinfo): fstring for 1-byte split
-	  (set_port): reduce bytecode size
-	  (check_path): reduce garbage via opt_str_freeze
-	  (query=): ditto
-	  (fragment=): ditto
-	  [misc #10628]
-	* lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb (regexp): cache as attr
-	  (initialize): setup and freeze regexp attr once
-	  (split): reduce bytecode size, use opt_str_freeze
-	  (parse): minor bytecode and garbage reduction
-	  (default_regexp): rename for initialize
-
-Wed Dec 24 20:38:16 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (glob_make_pattern): restrict searching case-insensitive
-	  name from the filesystem to only last part, for the performance.
-	  [ruby-core:63591] [Bug #10015]
-
-Wed Dec 24 18:21:27 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: remove unused rb_objspace_t::rgengc::old_objects_at_gc_start.
-
-Wed Dec 24 13:25:22 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: require view_changesets permission.
-
-Wed Dec 24 13:00:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/downloader.rb (Downloader.download): fix the exception to
-	  re-raise.  initialize methods of subclasses of Exception may
-	  have different parameters.  [ruby-core:67086] [Bug #10639]
-
-Wed Dec 24 12:16:19 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ruby.h (rb_data_type_t): revert r48647 and revise parent member.
-	  [ruby-core:66969] [Bug #10621]
-
-Wed Dec 24 05:40:52 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/downloader.rb: use config.guess in gcc repo.
-
-Wed Dec 24 11:50:19 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_delete): return Qnil if there are no corresponding
-	  entry. [Bug #10623]
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_delete_entry): try delete and return Qundef if there
-	  are no corresponding entry.
-
-	* internal.h: add rb_hash_delete_entry()'s declaration.
-
-	* symbol.c: use rb_hash_delete_entry().
-
-	* thread.c: use rb_hash_delete_entry().
-
-	* ext/-test-/hash/delete.c: use rb_hash_delete_entry().
-
-Wed Dec 24 09:35:11 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/extconf.rb: remove ffitarget.h generated by configure on
-	  mswin, because it's not normal file (cygwin's symlink) and have
-	  system attribute.
-
-Wed Dec 24 05:40:52 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/downloader.rb: support ruby 1.8.
-
-Wed Dec 24 02:44:06 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http/response.rb (Net::HTTPResponse): require one or more
-	  spaces [Bug #10591].
-	  by leriksen <leif.eriksen.au@gmail.com>
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/782 fix GH-782
-	  NOTE: graph.facebook.com returns without SP Reason-Phrase.
-
-Wed Dec 24 02:12:22 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/make-snapshot (package): VCS#branch_list expects glob a
-	  pattern string but not a regexp.  based on the patch by Vit
-	  Ondruch.  in [ruby-core:67064].  [Bug #10636]
-
-	* tool/vcs.rb (VCS::SVN#branch_list): strip newlines.
-
-	* tool/vcs.rb (VCS::GIT.get_revisions): retrieve modified time
-	  from toplevel log too.
-
-	* tool/vcs.rb (VCS::GIT#branch_list): yield for each lines.
-
-Wed Dec 24 00:23:13 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/extlibs.rb (do_extract): the pipe should be binmode.
-
-Wed Dec 24 00:21:44 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* Makefile.in, common.mk: move common-srcs to Makefile.in because
-	  it breaks build on mswin.
-
-Wed Dec 24 00:04:45 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/open-uri.rb (OpenURI.open_http): accept multiple certs path in
-	  ssl_ca_certs.
-
-	* tool/downloader.rb: use certs of rubygems for downloading gems.
-
-Tue Dec 23 22:39:11 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/extlibs: libffi-3.2.1 and patch for mswin.
-
-Tue Dec 23 22:04:38 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#query=): don't escape [\]^
-	  on both rfc2396 and rfc3986. [Bug #10619]
-
-Tue Dec 23 16:03:35 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/win32/lib/win32/registry.rb (Win32::Registry::Error#initialize):
-	  try en_US message if the default message cannot be encoded to
-	  locale.  [ruby-core:65295] [Bug #10300]
-
-Tue Dec 23 11:42:14 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c (ossl_cipher_update_long): update huge
-	  data gradually not to exceed INT_MAX.  workaround of OpenSSL API
-	  limitation.  [ruby-core:67043] [Bug #10633]
-
-Mon Dec 22 21:30:16 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_event.rb: some tests are
-	  executed on standard Windows OS without ADO.
-
-Mon Dec 22 14:08:31 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* signal.c (received_signal): fix condition to define.
-	  [ruby-core:67032] [Bug #10629]
-
-Sun Dec 21 10:51:51 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_event.rb: test_s_new_exception is
-	  executed on standard Windows OS without ADO.
-
-Sun Dec 21 08:35:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (jemalloc): fix option argument, should use
-	  `$withval` but not `yes` always.  [ruby-core:66994] [Bug #10625]
-
-	* configure.in (jemalloc): defer adding the liner option to get
-	  rid of linking contest against jemalloc, so that it works
-	  without runtime dynamic load path.
-
-Sat Dec 20 17:49:03 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/tmpdir.rb (Dir.mktmpdir): Accept nil again, as Ruby 2.1.
-	  [ruby-core:66943] [Bug #10616] Fixed by Alex Slynko.
-
-Sat Dec 20 11:22:58 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/depend, ext/fiddle/extconf.rb: try to build bundled
-	  libffi if existing.
-
-Sat Dec 20 05:21:00 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* test/test_weakref.rb (test_repeated_object_leak): increase timeout
-	  [Bug #10618]
-
-Fri Dec 19 22:33:13 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* tool/update-deps: Use $(hdrdir) if possible.
-
-Fri Dec 19 22:10:00 2014  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@cookpad.com>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/depend: Fix dependencies to make bigdecimal
-	  installable by rubygems.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.gemspec: version 1.2.6.
-
-Fri Dec 19 20:00:19 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (PRIsVALUE): put a space after string
-	  literals not to be confused with C++11 string literal suffix.
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/a9f3eb7#commitcomment-9040169
-
-Fri Dec 19 15:36:02 2014  Simon Genier  <simon.genier@shopify.com>
-
-	* hash.c (hash_equal): prefer true than the result of implicit
-	  conversion from int returned by rb_eql() to VALUE.  [Fix GH-789]
-
-Thu Dec 18 17:45:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (rb_cv_binary_elf): get rid of -e option of cat
-	  which is not available on BusyBox, use tr instead.
-	  [ruby-core:64824] [Bug #10210]
-
-Thu Dec 18 14:25:17 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* signal.c (ruby_signal): since SIGKILL is not supported by MSVCRT,
-	  should be treated before calling signal(3).
-	  [Bug #10615]
-
-Wed Dec 17 12:20:56 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (rb_method_for_self_aref, rb_method_for_self_aset):
-	  move from iseq.c to build from node instead of arrays.
-
-Wed Dec 17 10:50:09 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/gdbm/test_gdbm.rb: Added test for each_key called without a block.
-	  Patch by @joeyates [fix GH-783]
-
-Wed Dec 17 10:18:42 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): check
-	  iseq->compile_data->option->specialized_instruction for opt_* insn.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_iseq.rb: check no specialized_instructions option.
-
-Wed Dec 17 09:48:57 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): only emit opt_str_freeze,
-	  opt_aref_with, and opt_aset_with insn when no block is given
-	  [Bug #10557] [ruby-core:66595]
-	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb (test_block_given_aset_aref):
-	  new test for bug thanks to Bartosz Kopinski.
-	  (test_string_freeze): additional assertion for object_id
-
-Wed Dec 17 01:06:47 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/win32/lib/Win32API.rb (Win32API#call): need to splat.  hmm, when
-	  was this broken?
-
-Tue Dec 16 15:18:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* iseq.c (rb_method_for_self_aref, rb_method_for_self_aset): call
-	  accessor functions directly, not to be affected by [] and []=
-	  methods.  [ruby-core:66846] [Bug #10601]
-
-	* struct.c (define_aref_method, define_aset_method): ditto.
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (rb_vm_opt_struct_aref, rb_vm_opt_struct_aset):
-	  direct accessors of Struct.
-
-Tue Dec 16 12:01:29 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_deadlock_by_signal_at_forking):
-	  extend timeout seconds to 60 for RGENGC_CHECK_MODE > 0 environment.
-
-Tue Dec 16 08:53:12 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* tool/vcs.rb: fix Ruby 1.8 compatibility harder
-
-Tue Dec 16 07:37:18 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* gc.c (GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS): move definition to match use order
-	  (RUBY_GC_HEAP_GROWTH_SLOTS): s/factor/number of slots/
-
-	* man/ruby.1: add section for GC environment variables
-	  [Feature #10197]
-
-Tue Dec 16 05:41:46 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* tool/vcs.rb: fix Ruby 1.8 compatibility
-
-Mon Dec 15 17:51:28 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* ext/objspace/objspace.c: ObjectSpace.memsize_of(obj) returns
-	  with sizeof(RVALUE). [Bug #8984]
-
-	* gc.c (obj_memsize_of): ditto.
-
-	* NEWS: add a NEWS entry.
-
-	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb: catch up this fix.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: ditto.
-
-Mon Dec 15 16:19:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_enc_str_coderange): dummy wchar, non-endianness
-	  encoding string cannot be ascii only.
-	  [ruby-core:66835] [Bug #10598]
-
-Sun Dec 14 20:11:42 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (primary): restore current_arg so that circular
-	  reference after a method definition is also warned.
-	  [ruby-core:61299] [Bug #9593]
-
-Sat Dec 13 20:41:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_trace.c (rb_postponed_job_flush): mask signal trap interrupt
-	  too to defer handling after finalizers finished.
-	  [ruby-core:66825] [Bug #10595]
-
-Sat Dec 13 18:33:25 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_pkey_ec.rb: ignored tests with old OpenSSL.
-
-Sat Dec 13 18:01:57 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* signal.c (check_stack_overflow): check sp also on i386/x86_64
-	  FreeBSD.
-
-Sat Dec 13 09:58:41 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* gc.c (define_final0): avoid duplicate blocks
-	  [Bug #10537]
-	* test/test_weakref.rb (test_repeated_object_leak): new test
-
-Sat Dec 13 04:59:20 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bin/erb (ERB::Main#run): get rid of shadowing outer local
-	  variables.  [ruby-core:65772] [Feature #10395]
-
-Fri Dec 12 21:56:44 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* gems/bundled_gems: Upgrade to test-unit 3.0.8. assert_throw and
-	  assert_nothing_thrown in test-unit 3.0.7 were broken by
-	  UncaughtThrowError change introduced in Ruby 2.2.0
-	  preview2. These assertions in test-unit 3.0.8 work well with
-	  UncaughtThrowError in Ruby 2.2.0 preview2.
-
-Fri Dec 12 19:48:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bin/erb (ARGV.switch, ERB::Main#run): allow variables to be set
-	  from the command line.  [ruby-core:65772] [Feature #10395]
-
-Fri Dec 12 19:31:44 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/erb.rb (ERB#lineno): accessor for line number to eval.
-
-	* lib/erb.rb (ERB#location=): setter of file name and line number.
-
-Fri Dec 12 13:09:13 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_latest_gc_info): return :state field to show current
-	  GC state (none/marking/sweeping).
-	  [Feature #10590]
-
-Fri Dec 12 10:49:18 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_crypt): check arguments more strictly.
-	  * crypt() is not for wide char strings
-	  * salt bytes should not be NUL
-
-Fri Dec 12 08:16:01 2014  Matt Hoyle  <matt@deployable.co>
-
-	* io.c (io_read) Fix spelling in docco for read.  [Fix GH-781]
-	  try > tries
-
-Thu Dec 11 19:06:01 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* class.c (class_alloc): Start from age == 2.
-	  Class and Module objects can be living long life.
-
-	* iseq.c: Same for ISeq objects.
-
-	* gc.c (RVALUE_AGE_RESET): added.
-
-	* gc.c (newobj_of): allow to generate (age != 0) objects.
-
-	* gc.c (rb_copy_wb_protected_attribute): reset age for wb unprotected
-	  objects.
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h: add RUBY_TYPED_PROMOTED1 as an unrecommended
-	  flag.
-
-Thu Dec 11 05:37:52 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/prime.rb: Remove useless loop and block capture.
-	  See [#10354]
-
-Thu Dec 11 04:27:24 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_core.h: introduce new field
-	  rb_thread_t::local_storage_recursive_hash_for_trace to store
-	  recursive hash to avoid creating new recursive (nested) hashes
-	  for each trace events.
-	  [Bug #10511]
-
-	* vm_trace.c (rb_threadptr_exec_event_hooks_orig): use it.
-
-	* cont.c: catch up this fix.
-
-	* vm.c (rb_thread_mark): ditto.
-
-Wed Dec 10 13:39:27 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* struct.c (define_aref_method, define_aset_method): use iseq
-	  VALUE instead of rb_iseq_t to prevent from GC, as RB_GC_GUARD
-	  makes sense only for local variables.  [Feature #10575]
-
-Wed Dec 10 09:38:40 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (exec_recursive): use the same last method name as
-	  recursive_push in the error message when recursive_pop failed.
-	  [ruby-core:66742] [Bug #10579]
-
-Wed Dec 10 02:48:46 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/net/http/test_https.rb
-	  (TestNetHTTPS#test_certificate_verify_failure): on Windows,
-	  Errno::ECONNRESET will be raised when the verify is failure at the
-	  client side, and it'll be eaten by WEBrick.
-
-	* test/open-uri/test_ssl.rb (TestOpenURISSL#test_validation_failure):
-	  ditto.
-
-Wed Dec 10 00:42:13 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* iseq.c (rb_method_for_self_aref, rb_method_for_self_aset):
-	  new methods to generate bytecode for struct.c
-	  [Feature #10575]
-	* struct.c (rb_struct_ref, rb_struct_set): remove
-	  (define_aref_method, define_aset_method): new functions
-	  (setup_struct): use new functions
-	* test/ruby/test_struct.rb: add test for struct >10 members
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_big_aref_hi.rb: new benchmark
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_big_aref_lo.rb: ditto
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_big_aset.rb: ditto
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_small_aref.rb: ditto
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_small_aset.rb: ditto
-
-Tue Dec  9 20:24:41 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* string.c: [DOC] Add missing documentation around String#chomp.
-	  Patch by @stderr [ci skip][fix GH-780]
-
-Tue Dec  9 18:20:02 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* object.c: [DOC] Revise documentation by Marcus Stollsteimer at
-	  [ruby-core:66368].  [Bug #10526]
-
-	  * #inspect: be more specific about generated string, remove
-	    obsolete example.
-	  * #nil?: use code examples instead of different call-seq's.
-	  * #tap: clarify what is yielded.
-	  * Integer(): be more specific about to_int and to_i, remove
-	    reference to Ruby 1.8.
-	  * Array(): fix error.
-	  * Class: fix variable name style and indentation in example.
-	  * improve consistency, fix typos and formatting.
-
-Tue Dec  9 12:48:32 2014  Josef Simanek  <josef.simanek@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_eval_string_wrap): [DOC] Fix `rb_eval_string_wrap`
-	  documentation.  It is referencing `require` instead of `load`.
-	  The former does not have the optional argument.  [Fix GH-779]
-
-Tue Dec  9 10:16:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_frame_last_func): return the most recent frame method
-	  name.
-
-	* thread.c (recursive_list_access): use the last method name,
-	  instead of the current method name which can be unset in some
-	  cases, not to use a symbol by the invalid ID.
-	  [ruby-core:66742] [Bug #10579]
-
-Sun Dec  7 19:36:12 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* ext/socket/basicsocket.c, ext/socket/sockssocket.c:
-	  remove code for $SAFE=4.
-
-Sun Dec  7 10:20:55 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rdoc:  Update to RDoc 4.2.0.
-	* test/rdoc:  ditto.
-
-Sun Dec  7 09:52:30 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems 2.4.5.
-	* test/rubygems:  ditto.
-
-Sat Dec  6 10:05:08 2014  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/imap.rb: Fix undefined variable usage & refactor/DRY
-	  code.  Patch by @aledovsky. [Fixes GH-770]
-
-	* test/net/test_imap.rb: related test.
-
-Sat Dec  6 10:09:44 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* thread.c (do_select): rename parameters to avoid shadowing
-
-Sat Dec  6 09:22:45 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rake:  Update to rake 10.4.2
-	* test/rake: ditto.
-
-Sat Dec  6 06:48:03 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* compile.c (rb_iseq_build_from_ary): remove misc handling
-
-Sat Dec  6 06:14:23 2014  Vit Ondruch  <vondruch@redhat.com>
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_LIB_VERSION): Fix --with-ruby-version
-	  configuration option.  get rid of quoting in config.status.
-
-	* template/verconf.h.tmpl: quote RUBY_LIB_VERSION here.
-	  [ruby-core:66724] [Bug #10572]
-
-Sat Dec  6 04:33:52 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/pp.rb (File::Stat#pretty_print): some platforms (such as Windows)
-	  does not have major/minor parts of device.
-
-Fri Dec  5 22:43:04 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: bump version to 2.0.8
-	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: ditto.
-	* ext/psych/psych_emitter.c: ditto.
-	* ext/psych/psych_parser.c: ditto.
-
-Fri Dec  5 17:09:09 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c (inet_ntop): link aliased inet_ntop in
-	  libruby on mswin not rb_w32_inet_ntop which fails to link for
-	  unknown reason.
-
-Fri Dec  5 11:09:54 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* iseq.c (prepare_iseq_build): remove unused block_opt param
-	  (rb_iseq_new_with_bopt_and_opt): remove
-	  (rb_iseq_new_with_opt): inline removed function
-	  (rb_iseq_new_with_bopt): remove
-	  (iseq_load): adjust prepare_iseq_build call
-	  [Feature #10565]
-
-Fri Dec  5 09:46:05 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_yylex): fix lex_state after tLABEL_END, should
-	  be EXPR_LABELARG to be followed by "paren with arg".
-	  [ruby-core:66705] [Feature #4935]
-
-Fri Dec  5 02:27:47 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/extmk.rb: as all extension objects including initializations
-	  of ext and enc should be linked to libruby if enable-shared,
-	  EXTOBJS should not be linked to main programs.
-	  [ruby-core:66675] [Bug #10566]
-
-Thu Dec  4 07:06:02 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* compile.c (rb_iseq_build_from_exception): entry->sp is unsigned
-	  (iseq_build_callinfo_from_hash): account for kw_arg
-	  (iseq_build_from_ary_body): update for r35459
-	  (CHECK_STRING, CHECK_INTEGER): remove unused checks
-	  (int_param): new function for checking new `params' hash
-	  (iseq_build_kw): new function for loading rb_iseq_param_keyword
-	  (rb_iseq_build_from_ary): account for `misc' entry and general
-	   structure changes
-	  [Feature #8543]
-	* iseq.c (CHECK_HASH): new macro (for `misc' and `param' entries)
-	  (iseq_load): account for `misc' and `params' hashes
-	  (iseq_data_to_ary): add final opt to arg_opt_labels,
-	   fix kw support, account for unsigned entry->sp
-	* ext/-test-/iseq_load/iseq_load.c: new ext for test
-	* ext/-test-/iseq_load/extconf.rb: ditto
-	* test/-ext-/iseq_load/test_iseq_load.rb: new test
-
-Thu Dec  4 06:56:57 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* iseq.c (iseq_free): avoid segfault on incomplete iseq
-	* test/ruby/test_syntax.rb (test_invalid_next): new test
-	  for syntax error, not segfault
-
-Thu Dec  4 04:20:34 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* load.c (ruby_require_internal): ignore error detail, just return
-	  an error.
-
-Wed Dec  3 17:13:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* encoding.c (load_encoding): use rb_require_internal instead of
-	  calling rb_require_safe with protection.
-
-Wed Dec  3 16:47:35 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* load.c (register_init_ext, ruby_init_ext): defer running the
-	  registered initialization function until required, not to enable
-	  extensions which have global effects just by loading, e.g.,
-	  mathn/complex and mathn/rational.  fix `make test` with
-	  --with-static-linked-ext.
-
-	* enc/encinit.c.erb (Init_enc): initialize encdb and transdb
-	  directly.
-
-Wed Dec  3 14:51:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* load.c (ruby_require_internal): separate from rb_require_safe,
-	  not to raise exceptions.
-
-	* ruby.c (process_options): remove unnatural encoding search.
-
-Wed Dec  3 14:34:07 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (setup_fake_str): fake string does not share another
-	  string, but just should not free.
-
-Wed Dec  3 11:14:14 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (w32_spawn): `v2` is used not only for `shell` but also
-	  `cmd`, so must not free before using `cmd`.
-	  [ruby-core:66648] [Bug #10563]
-
-Wed Dec  3 09:48:57 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/racc/cparse/cparse.c (cparse_params_type): use typed data.
-
-Tue Dec  2 21:33:56 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: use typed data for com_hash.
-
-Tue Dec  2 15:30:30 2014  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_plus): in documentation, added note about
-	  inefficiency of repeated += operations.
-
-Tue Dec  2 07:20:21 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* iseq.c (iseq_data_to_ary): keep hidden variables
-	  Thanks to wanabe [ruby-core:66566]
-
-Tue Dec  2 06:46:57 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: bumping version
-
-	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: ditto
-
-Tue Dec  2 06:34:08 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: support objects that are
-	  marshalable, but inherit from basic object.
-	  Thanks Sean Griffin <sean@thoughtbot.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: ditto
-
-	* test/psych/test_marshalable.rb: test for fix
-
-Tue Dec  2 06:32:02 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (ripper_flush_string_content): preserve the dispatched
-	  results at tSTRING_CONTENT.  [ruby-dev:48714] [Bug #10437]
-
-	* parse.y (regexp_contents): check in ripper only if the whole
-	  content is a single regexp without interpolation.
-	  [ruby-dev:48714] [Bug #10437]
-
-Tue Dec  2 06:30:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (rb_reg_region_copy): new function to try with GC if copy
-	  failed and return the error.
-
-Tue Dec  2 04:43:08 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (CHECK_REGION_COPIED): onig_region_copy() can fail when
-	  memory exhausted but returns nothing, so check by if allocated.
-
-Tue Dec  2 02:53:00 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (magic_comment_encoding): enable in ripper, since the
-	  encoding is necessary to parse non-default encoding scripts.
-
-Tue Dec  2 02:30:25 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic.build):
-	  use hostname= to detect and wrap IPv6 hosts.
-	  Build is accepting URI components and users may not expect
-	  that a host component needs to be wrapped with square brackets
-	  since it's not providing a URI.
-	  Note: initialize with arg_check => true does not wrap IPv6 hosts.
-	  by Joe Rafaniello <jrafanie@redhat.com>
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/765 fix GH-765
-
-	* test/uri/test_generic.rb: Add more tests
-
-Mon Dec  1 20:01:12 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: use typed data for WIN32OLE.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_event.c: ditto.
-
-Mon Dec  1 17:20:42 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (verconf.h): so depends on verconf.mk, which
-	  is rebuilt by setup.mak.
-
-Mon Dec  1 11:05:46 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* proc.c: fix grammar by @BenMorganIO [fix GH-764][ci skip]
-
-Mon Dec  1 10:49:53 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* man/rake.1: Update latest man content by @aledovsky
-	  [fix GH-771][ci skip]
-
-Mon Dec  1 10:42:31 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* doc/syntax/refinements.rdoc: refinements are no longer experimental.
-	  patch by @gaurish [fix GH-775][ci skip]
-
-Sun Nov 30 20:05:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (regexp_contents): fix a typo.  pointed out by wanabe.
-	  [ruby-dev:48741] [Bug #10543]
-
-Sun Nov 30 18:55:32 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_deadlock_by_signal_at_forking):
-	  Don't raise Interrupt.
-
-Sun Nov 30 17:11:05 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_deadlock_by_signal_at_forking): Use
-	  assert_separately.
-
-Sun Nov 30 00:02:52 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ruby.c (process_options, ruby_script): transcode script name and
-	  program name to locale encoding as well as argv.
-	  [ruby-dev:48752] [Bug #10555]
-
-	* ruby.c (translit_char_bin): should not use code page dependent
-	  CharNext on UTF-8 string.  [ruby-dev:48752] [Bug #10555]
-
-Sat Nov 29 16:53:14 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ruby.c (ruby_set_argv): convert argv from UTF-8.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_sysinit, cmdglob, w32_cmdvector): convert
-	  wide char command line to UTF-8 argv, and glob in UTF-8 so that
-	  metacharacters would match multibyte characters.
-	  [ruby-dev:48752] [Bug #10555]
-
-Sat Nov 29 10:49:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (win32_direct_conv, rb_w32_readdir): convert UTF-8
-	  and filesystem code page by using Win32 API directly.
-
-Sat Nov 29 09:37:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* error.c (syserr_initialize): simplify message building and get
-	  rid of potential invalid byte sequence.
-
-Sat Nov 29 06:09:44 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval_error.c (error_print): respect the encoding of the message.
-
-	* io.c (rb_write_error_str): use rb_w32_write_console() on Windows
-	  if stderr is a tty.
-
-Fri Nov 28 05:10:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (--with-setup): add option to select ext/Setup file.
-
-Fri Nov 28 05:02:29 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dmyenc.c (Init_enc): separate from dmyext.c for statically
-	  linked extension excluding encoding libraries.
-
-Thu Nov 27 21:58:30 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* common.mk (miniprelude.c): It does not depend on prelude.rb now.
-
-Thu Nov 27 21:49:49 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* tool/update-deps: List up files built always in the source directory
-	  and source files built always in the build directory.
-
-Thu Nov 27 21:24:55 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* NEWS: add obsolete callcc.
-
-Thu Nov 27 19:59:49 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): remove duplicated line event.
-	  [Bug #10449]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add and fix tests.
-
-Thu Nov 27 19:04:50 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_args.c: fix backtrace location for keyword related exceptions.
-
-	  For example, the following program
-	    def foo(k1: 1); end # line 1
-	    foo(k2: 2)          # line 2
-	  causes "unknown keyword: k2 (ArgumentError)".
-
-	  Before this patch, the backtrace location is only line 2.
-	  However, error should be located at line 1 (over line 2 in
-	  stack trace). This patch fix this problem.
-
-	* class.c (rb_keyword_error_new): separate exception creation logic
-	  from rb_keyword_error(), to use in vm_args.c.
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (rb_arg_error_new): rename to rb_arity_error_new().
-
-	* vm_args.c (argument_arity_error): rename to argument_arity_error().
-
-	* vm_args.c (argument_kw_error): added to fix backtrace.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_keyword.rb: add tests.
-
-Thu Nov 27 17:31:58 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (prelude.c): no longer depends on miniruby, since not
-	  depending on rbconfig.rb.
-
-Thu Nov 27 17:12:14 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (miniprelude.c): miniruby needs no preludes.
-
-Thu Nov 27 17:10:19 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* template/prelude.c.tmpl: no code if no prelude code is given.
-
-Thu Nov 27 13:11:00 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (objspace_malloc_increase): enable lazy sweep on GC by malloc()
-	  (malloc_increase) to make GC incrementally.
-
-	  This change can increase memory consumption. Report us if you find
-	  any problem.
-
-Thu Nov 27 12:46:38 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* time.c (time_s_mkutc): [DOC] Time.utc's 10 arguments form
-	  doesn't examine wday, yday, isdst and tz.
-	  (time_s_mktime): [DOC] Time.mktime's 10 arguments form
-	  doesn't examine wday, yday and tz.
-	  Suggested by naruse.
-
-Thu Nov 27 11:45:33 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* iseq.c (iseq_data_to_ary): add missing GC guard
-
-Thu Nov 27 10:51:59 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_core.h: add rb_thread_t::local_storage_recursive_hash
-	  to speed up Thread#[:__recursive_key__] access.
-	  [Bug #10511]
-
-	* thread.c (threadptr_local_aref): add fast path for
-	  :__recursive_data__.
-
-	* thread.c (threadptr_recursive_hash, threadptr_recursive_hash_set):
-	  add special accessor for recursive hash.
-
-	* cont.c: store/restore local_storage_recursive_hash.
-
-	* vm.c: init and mark local_storage_recursive_hash.
-
-	* vm_trace.c (rb_threadptr_exec_event_hooks_orig): clear and restore
-	  local_storage_recursive_hash directly.
-
-Thu Nov 27 07:11:00 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_calc_param_size): hoist out of iseq_set_arguments
-
-Wed Nov 26 22:28:12 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_get_kwargs, rb_extract_keywords): export
-	  keyword argument functions.
-
-Wed Nov 26 21:18:40 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/inlinetest.rb: removed unused test helper.
-
-Wed Nov 26 20:47:28 2014  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/continuation/continuation.c (Init_continuation): obsolete callcc.
-	  first step of [Feature #10548].
-
-Wed Nov 26 19:57:54 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb (test_latest_gc_info): do test separately
-	  to avoid mysterious behavior.
-
-Wed Nov 26 19:54:31 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (constat_reset): do nothing on non-standard
-	  console emulators.  [ruby-core:66471] [Bug #10546]
-
-Wed Nov 26 19:44:13 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/tsort.rb: Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
-	  [ruby-core:66270] [Feature #10508] Proposed by Andrey Savchenko.
-
-Wed Nov 26 17:25:45 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (f_label, f_kw, formal_argument_gen): ignore invalid
-	  formal argument in keyword argument definition.
-	  [ruby-dev:48742] [Bug #10545]
-
-Wed Nov 26 15:32:06 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_set_sequence): use "nop" insn instead of
-	  "jump to next insn".
-	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8543#change-50085
-
-Wed Nov 26 11:01:35 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* iseq.c (iseq_s_compile_file): close IO when done
-
-Wed Nov 26 06:06:23 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* common.mk: encdb.h and transdb.h depends on $(PREP).
-	  So prebuild files for them in tarball are useless.
-
-Wed Nov 26 02:08:44 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* tool/make-snapshot: Don't generate enc/trans/newline.c in tarball.
-
-Wed Nov 26 00:41:44 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* common.mk (prereq): Don't depends on prelude.c and golf_prelude.c.
-	  Since they depend on $(PREP) which is miniruby, they are rebuilt
-	  after miniruby is built, even if tarball contains them.
-
-Wed Nov 26 00:20:48 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* template/prelude.c.tmpl: Don't expand RbConfig::Config[...].
-	  It is not used now.
-
-	* common.mk: prelude.c and golf_prelude.c doesn't depend on rbconfig.
-
-Tue Nov 25 17:07:06 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* NEWS: add an "Implementation changes" section.
-
-Tue Nov 25 16:09:28 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb:  Do not attempt SSL session resumption when the
-	  session is expired.  [Bug #10533]
-
-Tue Nov 25 15:59:46 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rake:  Update to rake 10.4.0
-	* test/rake:  ditto.
-	* NEWS:  ditto.
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb:  Add compatibility shim for minitest 5.
-	  This only provides minitest 5 unit test naming compatibility.
-
-Tue Nov 25 15:26:33 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/vcs.rb (get_revisions): use Time.new instead of Time.mktime
-	  which does not accept UTC offset, and offset manually for older
-	  versions than 1.9.
-
-Tue Nov 25 12:14:43 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c (Init_process): initialize static IDs before constant
-	  definitions.  [ruby-core:66445]
-
-Tue Nov 25 10:32:23 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_build_callinfo_from_hash): hoist out
-	  (iseq_build_from_ary_body): shorten callinfo case
-
-Mon Nov 24 23:03:21 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* gems/bundled_gems: Update to test-unit 3.0.7.
-
-Mon Nov 24 12:44:35 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c (check_exec_redirect_fd, check_exec_redirect),
-	  (rb_execarg_addopt): get rid of inadvertent ID pindown.
-
-Mon Nov 24 02:03:40 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_setter): preserve encoding of global variable
-	  name in error message.
-
-Mon Nov 24 02:03:30 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* iseq.c (rb_insn_operand_intern): preserve encoding of method
-	  name in CALL_INFO at disassembling.
-
-Mon Nov 24 02:02:59 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (must_respond_to): preserve encodings of variable name and
-	  class name in warning message.
-
-Sun Nov 23 10:46:23 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* internal.h (struct rb_execarg): 160 => 144 bytes on x86-64
-	* ruby.c (struct load_file_arg): 48 => 40 bytes on x86-64
-	* vm_args.c (struct args_info): ditto
-
-Sun Nov 23 07:46:54 2014  Andy Maloney  <asmaloney@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_sysread): Remove redundant assignment of 'n'.
-	  [Fix GH-767]
-
-Sat Nov 22 09:48:33 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* tool/make-snapshot: Specify PWD macro for make.
-	  PWD environment variable may not exist.
-
-Fri Nov 21 11:58:58 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb: fall back if canonicalization fails.
-	  Thanks Vit Ondruch for the patch!  [ruby-core:65836]
-
-	* test/resolv/test_dns.rb: test for patch
-
-Sat Nov 22 01:11:53 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* object.c (rb_mod_const_get, rb_mod_const_defined): ditto.
-
-	* variable.c (rb_const_missing, rb_mod_const_missing): call
-	  const_missing without new ID to get rid of inadvertent ID
-	  creation.
-
-Fri Nov 21 19:32:57 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (ext/ripper/ripper.c): revert about srcdir and top_srcdir.
-
-	* common.mk (ext/ripper/ripper.c): use $(PWD) for Unix,
-	  $(MAKEDIR) for Windows.
-
-Fri Nov 21 18:12:37 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* tool/update-deps: Refactored.
-
-Fri Nov 21 14:25:40 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (top_srcdir): added because lacking this macro
-	  causes build error at r48526.
-
-Fri Nov 21 12:00:58 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* tool/update-deps (in_makefile): Use FILES_NEED_VPATH and
-	  FILES_CONFUSING.
-
-	* ext/objspace/extconf.rb: Add VPATH for id.h
-
-Fri Nov 21 09:10:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (ext/ripper/ripper.c): fix dependencies for the case
-	  to make ripper.y and id.h under the build directory.
-
-Fri Nov 21 08:42:21 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (ext/ripper/ripper.c): id.h in VPATH may exist in the build
-	  directory.
-
-	* common.mk (ext/ripper/ripper.c): $(RM) was not defined.
-
-Fri Nov 21 00:36:09 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/x509.rb
-	  (OpenSSL::X509::Name::RFC2253DN::StringChar): get rid of a false
-	  positive assertion in ripper's test.
-
-Fri Nov 21 00:29:51 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/imap.rb (Net::IMAP::ResponseParser::BEG_REGEXP): no need to
-	  use embed string.
-
-Fri Nov 21 00:19:17 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (URI::MailTo::EMAIL_REGEXP): should escape `#`.
-
-Thu Nov 20 23:17:11 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* tool/update-deps: Insert all dependencies found by compiler.
-
-Thu Nov 20 15:51:01 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/nkf/depend (nkf.o): add nkf.c as dependency.
-	  bsdmake tries to make nkf.o with nkf-utf8/nkf.c without this.
-
-Thu Nov 20 08:54:56 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (struct parser_params): reduce size by reordering
-	  members and an unused member.
-
-Thu Nov 20 02:44:27 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Vector#independent? and associated class method
-	  patch by gogo tanaka [#10451]
-
-Thu Nov 20 02:32:34 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Add Vector#angle_with
-	  Patch by Egunov Dmitriy [#10442]
-
-Thu Nov 20 02:10:31 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (ripper_flush_string_content, parser_parse_string):
-	  preserve parsed string content.  [ruby-dev:48714] [Bug #10437]
-
-	* parse.y (ripper_new_yylval): abstract function to create ripper
-	  wrapper, and make it able to hold another object.
-
-Thu Nov 20 01:00:59 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (reg_named_capture_assign_gen): use predefined ID
-	  instead of rb_intern.
-
-Thu Nov 20 00:54:57 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* internal.h (ruby_init_setproctitle): Declare here.
-
-Thu Nov 20 00:26:37 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_here_document): append byte sequence directly to
-	  the delayed content instead of creating an intermediate string
-	  object.
-
-Wed Nov 19 21:11:01 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (ext/json/parser/parser.c): don't touch parse.c,
-	  ruby repo is a downstream.
-
-Wed Nov 19 20:38:11 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (ext/ripper/ripper.c): use $(PWD) to get
-	  <build-directory>/ext/ripper.
-
-Wed Nov 19 18:12:17 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/downloader.rb (RubyGems.download): Don't download gem if the
-	  version is already downloaded. A gem file is versioned and
-	  it must be identical if the version is the same.
-
-Wed Nov 19 17:59:25 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (ext/ripper/ripper.c): pass build directory as VPATH.
-
-	* ext/ripper/depend (.y.c): use VPATH for y.tab.c.
-
-Wed Nov 19 10:07:57 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* template/prelude.c.tmpl (Prelude#translate): strip VPATH prefix
-	  from prelude names, so that srcdir differences do not make the
-	  generated code different.
-
-Wed Nov 19 07:45:11 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_write): should set the error of
-	  GetOverlappedResult()'s, not WriteFile()'s (it's always
-	  ERROR_IO_PENDING, of course).
-
-Tue Nov 18 14:16:47 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_record): add information for debug print.
-
-Wed Nov 19 04:49:07 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* debug.c (set_debug_option): need the declaration.
-
-	* debug.c (set_debug_option): use the same macro with the implementation
-	  at win32/win32.c.
-
-Wed Nov 19 04:16:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (symbol_list): fix the node type of literal symbol list
-	  with no interpolation.  [ruby-core:66343]
-
-Wed Nov 19 00:26:15 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* tool/update-deps: Sort dependencies.
-
-Wed Nov 19 00:24:18 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* enc/encdb.c: Include internal.h.
-
-Tue Nov 18 23:23:45 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* internal.h: Gather declarations in non-header files.
-
-Tue Nov 18 23:45:52 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* debug.c (SET_WHEN): Don't declare debug variables here.
-	  ruby_initial_gc_stress_ptr is changed int* to VALUE* at r41406.
-
-	* internal.h (ruby_initial_gc_stress_ptr): Declared.
-	  (ruby_enable_coredump): Ditto.
-
-Tue Nov 18 18:06:43 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/io.h (FMODE_WSPLIT): Removed.  The write() system call
-	  is not required to split.  It was useful to avoid whole process
-	  blocking in Ruby 1.8 but not useful since write() is invoked without
-	  GVL.
-	  (FMODE_WSPLIT_INITIALIZED): Ditto.
-
-	* io.c (wsplit_p): Removed.
-	  (io_writable_length): Removed.
-	  (rb_fcntl): Don't update the removed flags.
-
-Tue Nov 18 03:23:06 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* object.c (check_setter_id): show the original argument instead
-	  of nil on TypeError.
-
-Tue Nov 18 03:20:19 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* symbol.h (is_{local,global,instance,attrset,const,class,junk}_sym):
-	  fix ID type names.
-
-Mon Nov 17 20:17:59 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_event.c: use typed data.
-
-Mon Nov 17 12:54:56 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/*, test/rubygems/*: Update to RubyGems 2.4.4
-	  master (2f6e42e).
-
-Mon Nov 17 06:13:06 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* proc.c (proc_binding): use the original iseq on a binding from
-	  proc from method object to get the location.
-
-Sun Nov 16 19:38:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_current_receiver): new function to return the
-	  receiver in the current control frame.  [Feature #10195]
-
-Sun Nov 16 19:11:04 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout::ExitException#exception): rescue
-	  UncaughtThrowError which is specific for throw, instead of
-	  ArgumentError.
-
-Sun Nov 16 18:22:18 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* tool/update-deps: warning to disable ccache
-
-Sun Nov 16 13:11:35 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* common.mk (CCAN_LIST_INCLUDES): Unused variable removed.
-	  (ENCODING_H_INCLUDES): Ditto.
-	  (PROBES_H_INCLUDES): Ditto.
-	  (VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES): Ditto.
-
-Sun Nov 16 11:07:25 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_readpartial_locktmp):
-	  remove unnecessary begin/end
-
-Sun Nov 16 00:45:23 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* common.mk: Specify dependencies for generated C sources.
-
-Sat Nov 15 23:10:45 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* common.mk: No need to declare dependencies which
-	  will be detected by inference rules.
-
-Sat Nov 15 20:34:23 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* internal.h: Include ruby.h and ruby/encoding.h to be
-	  includable without prior inclusion.
-
-Sat Nov 15 20:46:44 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_document.rb
-	  (REXMLTests::TestDocument::EntityExpansionLimitTest):
-	  Group tests by general entity and parameter entity.
-
-Sat Nov 15 20:43:31 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_document.rb
-	  (REXMLTests::TestDocument::EntityExpansionLimitTest): Define
-	  test XML in each test method because (1) each XML in used only
-	  one test and (2) related data and code should be close.
-
-Sat Nov 15 20:39:06 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_document.rb
-	  (REXMLTests::TestDocument::EntityExpansionLimitTest): Use
-	  one test method for one test.
-
-Sat Nov 15 20:16:59 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_document.rb
-	  (REXMLTests::TestDocument::EntityExpansionLimitTest): Use
-	  setup and teardown instead of ensure in test.
-
-Sat Nov 15 20:11:34 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_document.rb (REXMLTests::TestDocument): Group
-	  entity expansion limit related tests.
-
-Sat Nov 15 20:09:00 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_document.rb (REXMLTests::TestDocument::BomTest):
-	  Fix wrong parent class. It doesn't need inherit tests in
-	  TestDocument class.
-
-Sat Nov 15 19:48:59 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (depend_rules): support comments during a line.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (depend_rules): apply RULE_SUBST even if the dependency
-	  file contains path.
-
-Sat Nov 15 19:25:46 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* common.mk: Remove comments in Dependency lines.
-	  Notified by usa.
-
-	* enc/depend: Ditto.
-
-	* ext/**/depend: Ditto.
-
-Sat Nov 15 16:28:05 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_throw_obj): throw UncaughtThrowError instead of
-	  ArgumentError.  [Feature #10480]
-
-Sat Nov 15 14:13:38 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* tool/update-deps: Extend to fix dependencies.
-
-	* common.mk: Dependencies updated by tool/update-deps.
-
-	* enc/depend: Ditto.
-
-	* ext/**/depend: Ditto.
-
-Fri Nov 14 17:36:48 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* tool/update-deps: Support GNU Make 4.0.
-
-Fri Nov 14 16:59:53 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (default_proc_for_compat_func): check arguments number and
-	  type, and get rid of reentering this default proc.
-
-Fri Nov 14 16:33:06 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): support compatible layer for
-	  GC.stat(symbol) type access.
-
-Fri Nov 14 16:19:08 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): add compatible layer.
-	  From Ruby 2.2, keys of GC.stat are changed [Feature #9924].
-	  To provide compatible layer, GC.stat add a default_proc
-	  (if default_proc of given Hash object is not set).
-
-	  At first use of this compatible layer of interpreter process,
-	  show a warning message like that:
-	  program: GC.stat[:total_allocated_object]
-	  warning message: "warning: GC.stat keys were changed from Ruby
-	  2.1. In this case, you refer to obsolete `total_allocated_object'
-	  (new key is `total_allocated_objects').
-	  Please check <https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/9924>
-	  for more information."
-
-	  Please correct my English message :)
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_set_default_proc): export (in internal).
-
-	* internal.h: ditto.
-
-Fri Nov 14 10:41:25 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: guard by #if/#endif with GC_ENABLE_INCREMENTAL_MARK
-	  to hide unused codes.
-
-	* gc.c: similar to GC_ENABLE_LAZY_SWEEP.
-
-Fri Nov 14 10:23:35 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_eval_cmd): use pre-defined idCall
-
-Fri Nov 14 09:25:44 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_yield_splat): add missing GC guard
-	  [Bug #10509]
-
-Fri Nov 14 08:12:40 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c: fix build error caused by implicit conversion with clang.
-
-Fri Nov 14 06:54:06 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* insns.def (opt_succ): remove Time#succ optimization
-	  [Feature #10501]
-
-Fri Nov 14 05:29:46 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: refactoring.
-
-	* gc.c: use GC_ENABLE_INCREMENTAL_MARK instead of USE_RINCGC.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_start): check FORCE_MAJOR_GC.
-
-Fri Nov 14 04:51:18 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: Tuning RincGC parameters.
-
-	  Before this patch, gc_marks_step() marks (white -> grey) fixed
-	  number objects. However, this strategy does not fit practical
-	  cases, for example too slow to make progress.
-
-	  This patch changes this strategy how many objects the
-	  gc_marks_step() should handle.
-
-	  We can estimate how many times gc_marks_step() is called during
-	  this major marking (== C) with the free slot number in pooled
-	  pages. We also can estimate the living object number (== L)
-	  using last marked_slots value. We can solve this problem (how
-	  many objects should be process in gc_marks_step()) by L/C.
-
-	* gc.c (rb_objspace_t): add rb_objspace_t::rincgc::pooled_slots and
-	  step_slots.
-
-Fri Nov 14 01:26:47 2014  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/imap.rb (search_response): parse MODSEQ in SEARCH
-	  responses properly.  [ruby-core:64203] [Bug #10112]
-
-Fri Nov 14 01:03:17 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/envutil.rb: Moved from test/ruby/.
-
-	* test/lib/find_executable.rb: Ditto.
-
-	* test/lib/memory_status.rb: Ditto.
-
-	* test/lib/test/unit.rb: require envutil.
-
-	* test/: Don't require envutil in test files.
-
-Thu Nov 13 21:59:58 2014  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/document.rb: add REXML::Document#document.
-	  reported by Tomas Hoger <thoger@redhat.com> and patched by nahi.
-
-Thu Nov 13 21:51:56 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/monitor/test_monitor.rb: Use assert_join_threads.
-
-Thu Nov 13 21:45:13 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/openssl: Don't specify port number.
-
-Thu Nov 13 21:22:35 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/openssl/ssl_server.rb: Unused file removed.
-	  It is not used since r16111, Ruby 1.9.1.
-
-Thu Nov 13 18:50:14 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_ensure): remove obsolete prot_tag comment.  patch by
-	  Jack Danger at [ruby-core:66238].  [misc #10502]
-
-Thu Nov 13 18:10:38 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (rb_vm_make_proc_lambda): similar to rb_vm_make_proc() with
-	  is_lambda argument.
-
-Thu Nov 13 12:11:18 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_fstat{,i64}): speed up.  adjusting
-	  timestamps in this function is to get rid of the side effect of
-	  ENV["TZ"].  then, if ENV["TZ"] is not set, no need to adjust.
-	  this change makes File#stat about 60% faster.
-
-Thu Nov 13 11:56:12 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* st.c: include "internal.h" for STATIC_ASSERT.
-
-Thu Nov 13 03:56:38 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* gc.c (struct heap_page): trivial packing
-	  304 => 296 bytes on x86-64
-
-Wed Nov 12 22:50:12 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* gems/bundled_gems: Update to test-unit 3.0.6 and minitest 5.4.3.
-
-Wed Nov 12 22:30:52 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/*: Update to RubyGems 2.4.3 master (7b1f684).
-
-Wed Nov 12 00:26:37 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_object.rb: Specify an exception class for rescue clause.
-
-	* test/dbm/test_dbm.rb: Ditto.
-
-	* test/gdbm/test_gdbm.rb: Ditto.
-
-	* test/sdbm/test_sdbm.rb: Ditto.
-
-Tue Nov 11 23:43:51 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb: Use assert_join_threads.
-
-Tue Nov 11 22:51:14 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/resolv/test_dns.rb: Use assert_join_threads.
-
-Tue Nov 11 22:33:08 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/net/pop/test_pop.rb: Use assert_join_threads.
-
-Tue Nov 11 22:07:20 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/net/http/test_https_proxy.rb: Use assert_join_threads.
-
-Tue Nov 11 18:09:11 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* template/prelude.c.tmpl: move from tool/compile_prelude.rb and
-	  expand by generic_erb.rb.
-
-Tue Nov 11 13:01:31 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/commands/contents_command.rb (files_in_default_gem):
-	  remove useless sort. show_files will sort the result and
-	  another branch, files_in_gem, doesn't sort.
-	  it should be removed for consistency.
-
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_contents_command.rb
-	  (test_execute_default_gem): adjust the sort algorithm with
-	  Gem::Commands::ContentsCommand#show_files, which sort items
-	  as array of [prefix, basename] not strings.
-
-Tue Nov 11 10:37:09 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* string.c (sym_equal): use rb_obj_equal().
-	  rb_obj_equal() is specially optimized in
-	  opt_eq_func()@vm_insnhelper.c.
-
-	  This fix is made from this discussion:
-	  https://www.omniref.com/ruby/2.1.4/symbols/Symbol/%3D%3D#line=8361.
-
-Tue Nov 11 09:38:55 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rdoc/known_classes.rb: reverted regression changes of
-	  rdoc known class.
-
-Tue Nov 11 00:21:50 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/net/imap/test_imap.rb: Don't ignore exceptions on server
-	  threads.
-
-Mon Nov 10 23:34:13 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/net/ftp/test_ftp.rb (create_ftp_server): Don't ignore
-	  exceptions on server thread.
-	  Delete read_timeout method call to fix NoMethodError.
-
-Mon Nov 10 20:20:53 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_read): retry with reduced length if cannot to
-	  write any data but no error occurs.
-
-Mon Nov 10 20:04:16 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/server.rb: Setup shutdown pipe in listen method.
-
-Mon Nov 10 19:37:09 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c, include/win32/win32.h (rb_w32_set_nonblock): new
-	  function to support nonblock-mode of pipes.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_read): nonblock-mode pipe returns ERROR_NO_DATA
-	  if there is no data, but also returns it if remote-end is closed.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_write): if cannot to write any data, it may be
-	  blocking.
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_set_nonblock): use rb_w32_set_nonblock for Windows.
-
-	* ext/io/nonblock/nonblock.c (rb_io_nonblock_set): use ruby's API when
-	  setting nonblock-mode.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: test nonblock pipes on Windows.
-
-Mon Nov 10 17:24:34 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_getlogin): set login name encoding properly.
-	  [ruby-core:66163] [Bug #10493]
-
-Mon Nov 10 16:20:42 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/*.rb: Update to RubyGems master(3e36528).
-
-Mon Nov 10 16:09:43 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* signal.c (rb_f_kill): [DOC] mention known signal list.
-	  [ruby-core:66162] [Bug #10492]
-
-Mon Nov 10 14:17:58 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rdoc/*.rb: Update to RDoc 4.2.0.alpha(579a11c)
-
-Mon Nov 10 12:44:39 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/server.rb: Less instance variables.
-
-Mon Nov 10 12:19:43 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/server.rb (shutdown): Use close() on @shutdown_pipe_w to
-	  notify readability on the read side of the pipe.
-	  write_nonblock() is not usable for pipe on Windows.
-	  (cleanup_shutdown_pipe): Rescue IOError for @shutdown_pipe_w.close.
-
-Mon Nov 10 07:31:59 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/server.rb (initialize): Initialize shutdown pipe here
-	  to avoid race condition.
-	  (cleanup_shutdown_pipe): New private method.
-	  (cleanup_listener): Extracted from shutdown method.
-	  Call this method from start method to avoid race condition.
-
-Mon Nov 10 05:57:53 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/webrick/webrick.cgi: Don't use debug mode.
-
-	* test/webrick/webrick_long_filename.cgi: Ditto.
-
-Sun Nov  9 23:25:49 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (vm_call_super): allow bound proc method to call super
-	  method.
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_yield_with_cfunc): push defined class and
-	  bound proc method entry to the control frame.
-
-Sun Nov  9 22:46:13 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/open-uri: Test server log in server thread.
-
-	* test/webrick: Ditto.
-
-Sun Nov  9 22:28:34 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/httpstatus.rb: require webrick/accesslog for AccessLog.
-
-Sun Nov  9 21:03:59 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/webrick: Fix the argument order of assert_equal.
-
-Sun Nov  9 20:29:01 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/webrick: Store log in an array.
-
-	* test/net/http: Ditto.
-
-	* test/open-uri: Ditto.
-
-Sun Nov  9 18:35:36 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/xmlrpc: Refine log test.
-
-Sun Nov  9 18:33:33 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb: Replaced if-else by
-	  case in self.normalized? in parallel to r48309.
-
-Sun Nov  9 18:07:00 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/xmlrpc: Use assert_join_threads.
-
-Sun Nov  9 14:06:13 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/xmlrpc: Test webrick error log is empty.
-
-Sun Nov  9 13:47:02 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (is_incremental_marking): use #if/#else because
-	  rb_objspace_t::flags::during_incremental_marking is not defined
-	  when GC_ENABLE_INCREMENTAL_MARK is 0.
-
-	* gc.c (will_be_incremental_marking, is_full_marking): similar fix.
-
-Sun Nov  9 12:16:22 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/securerandom.rb (SecureRandom.gen_random): separate
-	  implementation details and select at the load time.
-
-Sun Nov  9 12:09:38 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/win32/lib/win32/registry.rb (Win32::Registry::API#Enum{Value,Key):
-	  ditto.
-
-Sun Nov  9 11:48:40 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/net/http: Examine webrick log.
-
-Sun Nov  9 11:45:19 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* gems/bundled_gems: upgraded to test-unit 3.0.5.
-
-Sun Nov  9 11:40:50 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* defs/known_errors.def: More errors for FreeBSD.
-
-Sun Nov  9 11:25:11 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* gems/bundled_gems: upgraded to power_assert 0.2.0.
-
-Sun Nov  9 10:31:03 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/securerandom.rb: set the script encoding to make a string
-	  literal in SecureRandom::Kernel32.last_error_message single byte
-	  encoding so msg[] works in bytes, since FormatMessage() returns
-	  the size in TCHARs, not in characters.
-
-Sun Nov  9 09:50:22 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/webrick: Refine log tests.
-
-Sun Nov  9 08:58:05 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* defs/known_errors.def (EHWPOISON): New errno symbol.
-	  It is defined by glibc-2.16.
-
-Sun Nov  9 05:00:23 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/securerandom.rb (initialize): call the special method for Win32
-	  before checking `/dev/urandom` because we know windows doesn't have it.
-
-Sun Nov  9 04:01:46 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/securerandom.rb (SecureRandom::AdvApi32): split from `initialize`.
-	  thanks @zzak to remember it.
-
-Sun Nov  9 02:05:33 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/net/http/utils.rb: Don't connect to spawned server
-	  before actual test.
-
-Sun Nov  9 01:51:50 2014  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
-
-	* object.c (Module#const_defined?): [DOC] Revise the documentation.
-	  Patch by Xavier Noria.
-	  [Fixes GH-754] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/754
-
-Sun Nov  9 00:37:44 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/webrick: Examine log and use assert_join_threads.
-
-Fri Nov  7 00:00:12 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* template/unicode_norm_gen.tmpl: expand kompatible_table so that
-	  recursive expansion is not needed at runtime.
-
-Thu Nov  6 23:58:40 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* pack.c (pack_pack): escape unprintable characters and preserve
-	  the encoding of warning message.
-
-Thu Nov  6 23:55:18 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (sym_printable): QUOTE() should not raise an exception
-	  even on invalid byte sequence.
-
-Thu Nov  6 21:44:36 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/test_unicode_normalize.rb: Rename TestNormalize to
-	  TestUnicodeNormalize.
-	  Define constants under TestUnicodeNormalize.
-
-Thu Nov  6 21:22:59 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/open-uri/test_open-uri.rb: Check empty webrick log.
-
-Thu Nov  6 19:27:34 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (unescape_nonascii): cast -1 for the case char is unsigned char.
-	  If char is signed char, for example gcc for ARM or ppc64, it caused
-	  infinite loop.
-	  http://kmuto.jp/build-ruby/arm/ruby-trunk/log/20141106T013005Z.fail.html.gz
-	  http://rubyci.blob.core.windows.net/f19p8/ruby-trunk/log/20141106T090217Z.fail.html.gz
-
-Thu Nov  6 09:53:18 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb (initialize): reduce bytecode size
-	  2088 => 1332 bytes on 32-bit x86
-
-Thu Nov  6 08:49:49 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb: Comment clarification.
-
-Wed Nov  5 23:43:24 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* compile.c (compile_data_alloc): add padding when strict alignment
-	  is required for memory access. Currently, the padding is enabled
-	  only when the CPU is 32-bit SPARC and the compiler is GCC.
-	  [Bug #9681] [ruby-core:61715]
-
-	* compile.c (STRICT_ALIGNMENT): defined if strict alignment is required
-
-	* compile.c (ALIGNMENT_SIZE, ALIGNMENT_SIZE_MASK, PADDING_SIZE_MAX):
-	  new macros for alignment word size, bit mask, max size of padding.
-
-	* compile.c (calc_padding): new function to calculate padding size.
-
-Wed Nov  5 23:24:45 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/open-uri/test_open-uri.rb: Don't ignore webrick's log.
-
-Wed Nov  5 19:20:08 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/server.rb: Stop listener loop properly.
-	  [ruby-core:66085] [Bug #10478] Fixed by Charles Nutter.
-
-Wed Nov  5 17:20:29 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_disable_super, rb_enable_super): warn
-	  as deprecated at build time, instead of ignoring silently or
-	  warning at runtime only.
-
-Wed Nov  5 16:55:52 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* proc.c (rb_f_lambda): remove deprecated function, which has been
-	  unavailable from extension libraries.
-
-Wed Nov  5 16:26:58 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_clear_cache): mark as deprecated, not
-	  only warnings at runtime.
-
-Wed Nov  5 15:05:12 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_{,l,r}strip_bang): rb_str_subseq() will not
-	  NUL-terminate the result string, in the future, so it will not
-	  be needed in other cases.
-
-Wed Nov  5 14:11:30 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb): do nothing unless
-	  BASERUBY is available.  MINIRUBY cannot load extension libraries,
-	  so cannot update Unicode data.
-
-Wed Nov  5 12:13:54 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_lstrip, rb_str_strip): reduce memory copy by
-	  copying necessary part only.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_strip_bang, rb_str_strip): ditto.
-
-Wed Nov  5 12:13:48 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_lstrip, rb_str_strip): reduce memory copy by
-	  copying necessary part only.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_strip_bang, rb_str_strip): ditto.
-
-Wed Nov  5 10:54:19 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_lstrip_bang, rb_str_rstrip_bang): terminate
-	  wchar strings with wchar 0.
-
-Tue Nov  4 21:23:22 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/win32/lib/Win32API.rb: Fiddle::Importer is defined in
-	  fiddle/import.rb and it's not loaded implicitly.
-
-	* ext/win32/lib/Win32API.rb (Win32API#initialize): `import` is a string.
-
-	* ext/win32/lib/Win32API.rb (Win32API#initialize):
-	  Fiddle::Importer::CALL_TYPE_TO_ABI is private constant.
-
-Tue Nov  4 21:20:07 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/securerandom.rb (SecureRandom.random_bytes): use fiddle directly
-	  instead of using Win32API.
-
-Tue Nov  4 21:04:30 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem_request_set_lockfile.rb
-	  (test_relative_path_from): driveletter support.
-
-Tue Nov  4 16:23:57 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem_remote_fetcher.rb (RemoteFetcherCleanup):
-	  close all pooled connections for each tests to fix leaked file
-	  descriptors.
-
-Tue Nov  4 12:51:31 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (PRIsVALUE), vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): add
-	  RUBY_PRI_VALUE_MARK to reduce danger of accidental conflict with
-	  plain "%i".  binary incompatible with extension libraries using
-	  PRIsVALUE and built for 2.1 and earlier.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
-
-Tue Nov  4 12:33:44 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* object.c: fix document of Kernel#String by @suzukaze
-	  [fix GH-743][ci skip]
-
-Tue Nov  4 12:21:45 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/csv.rb: added documentation for skip_blanks option by @decasia
-	  [fix GH-744][ci skip]
-
-Tue Nov  4 12:09:18 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/open3.rb: fix code formatting in documentation by @JoshCheek
-	  [fix GH-747][ci skip]
-
-Tue Nov  4 08:57:37 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* encoding.c (enc_memsize): remove unnecessary function
-	  [ruby-core:65304]
-
-Mon Nov  3 18:09:39 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/openssl/utils.rb: The default of :ignore_listener_error is
-	  changed to false.
-
-Mon Nov  3 14:42:37 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* iseq.c (iseq_free): resolve memory leak.
-
-Mon Nov  3 13:49:18 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* iseq.c (iseq_memsize): catch up recent changes.
-
-Mon Nov  3 13:38:28 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_core.h: change semantics of opt_num and opt_table.
-	  `opt_num' was the number of optional parameters + 1.
-	  `opt_table' has "opt_num" entries.
-
-	  Change them to:
-	  `opt_num' is the number of optional parameters.
-	  `opt_table' has "opt_num + 1" entries.
-
-	  This change simplify parameter fitting logics.
-
-	* compile.c: catch up this change.
-
-	* iseq.c: ditto.
-
-	* proc.c: ditto.
-
-	* vm_args.c: ditto.
-
-Mon Nov  3 11:47:44 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* NEWS: added period into Matrix section. [ci skip]
-	  [misc #10446][ruby-core:65987]
-
-Mon Nov  3 09:43:30 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_args.c: fixed build error with clang
-
-Mon Nov  3 09:32:46 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb (URI::RFC3986_Parser::RFC3986_URI):
-	  allow '[' and ']' for URI input (and escape). [Bug #10402]
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI#query=): escape '[', '\', and ']'.
-
-Mon Nov  3 07:49:34 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_core.h: change iseq parameter data structure.
-	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/10440#change-49694
-
-	  * change terminology `arg' to `param'.
-	  * move rb_iseq_t::arg_* to rb_iseq_t::param.
-	  * move rb_iseq_t::arg_size to rb_iseq_t::param::size.
-	  * move rb_iseq_t::argc to rb_iseq_t::param::lead_num.
-	  * move rb_iseq_t::arg_opts to rb_iseq_t::param::opt_num.
-	  * move rb_iseq_t::arg_rest to rb_iseq_t::param::rest_start.
-	  * move rb_iseq_t::arg_post_num to rb_iseq_t::param::post_num.
-	  * move rb_iseq_t::arg_post_start to rb_iseq_t::param::post_start.
-	  * move rb_iseq_t::arg_block to rb_iseq_t::param::block_start.
-	  * move rb_iseq_t::arg_keyword* to rb_iseq_t::param::keyword.
-	    rb_iseq_t::param::keyword is allocated only when keyword
-	    parameters are available.
-	  * introduce rb_iseq_t::param::flags to represent parameter
-	    availability. For example, rb_iseq_t::param::flags::has_kw
-	    represents that this iseq has keyword parameters and
-	    rb_iseq_t::param::keyword is allocated.
-	    We don't need to compare with -1 to check availability.
-	  * remove rb_iseq_t::arg_simple.
-
-	* compile.c: catch up this change.
-
-	* iseq.c: ditto.
-
-	* proc.c: ditto.
-
-	* vm.c, vm_args.c, vm_dump.c, vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
-
-	* iseq.c (iseq_data_to_ary): support keyword argument.
-
-Mon Nov  3 03:39:04 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_method.rb: r48239 makes this test green.
-
-Mon Nov 03 03:02:38 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* rewrite method/block parameter fitting logic to optimize
-	  keyword arguments/parameters and a splat argument.
-	  [Feature #10440] (Details are described in this ticket)
-
-	  Most of complex part is moved to vm_args.c.
-
-	  Now, ISeq#to_a does not catch up new instruction format.
-
-	* vm_core.h: change iseq data structures.
-
-	  * introduce rb_call_info_kw_arg_t to represent keyword arguments.
-	  * add rb_call_info_t::kw_arg.
-	  * rename rb_iseq_t::arg_post_len to rb_iseq_t::arg_post_num.
-	  * rename rb_iseq_t::arg_keywords to arg_keyword_num.
-	  * rename rb_iseq_t::arg_keyword to rb_iseq_t::arg_keyword_bits.
-	    to represent keyword bitmap parameter index.
-	    This bitmap parameter shows that which keyword parameters are given
-	    or not given (0 for given).
-	    It is referred by `checkkeyword' instruction described bellow.
-	  * rename rb_iseq_t::arg_keyword_check to rb_iseq_t::arg_keyword_rest
-	    to represent keyword rest parameter index.
-	  * add rb_iseq_t::arg_keyword_default_values to represent default
-	    keyword values.
-	  * rename VM_CALL_ARGS_SKIP_SETUP to VM_CALL_ARGS_SIMPLE
-	    to represent
-	      (ci->flag & (SPLAT|BLOCKARG)) &&
-	      ci->blockiseq == NULL &&
-	      ci->kw_arg == NULL.
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c, vm_args.c: rewrite with refactoring.
-
-	  * rewrite splat argument code.
-	  * rewrite keyword arguments/parameters code.
-	  * merge method and block parameter fitting code into one code base.
-
-	* vm.c, vm_eval.c: catch up these changes.
-
-	* compile.c (new_callinfo): callinfo requires kw_arg parameter.
-
-	* compile.c (compile_array_): check the last argument Hash object or
-	  not. If Hash object and all keys are Symbol literals, they are
-	  compiled to keyword arguments.
-
-	* insns.def (checkkeyword): add new instruction.
-	  This instruction check the availability of corresponding keyword.
-
-	  For example, a method "def foo k1: 'v1'; end" is compiled to the
-	  following instructions.
-
-	    0000 checkkeyword     2, 0  # check k1 is given.
-	    0003 branchif         9     # if given, jump to address #9
-	    0005 putstring        "v1"
-	    0007 setlocal_OP__WC__0 3   # k1 = 'v1'
-	    0009 trace            8
-	    0011 putnil
-	    0012 trace            16
-	    0014 leave
-
-	* insns.def (opt_send_simple): removed and add new instruction
-	  "opt_send_without_block".
-
-	* parse.y (new_args_tail_gen): reorder variables.
-	  Before this patch, a method "def foo(k1: 1, kr1:, k2: 2, **krest, &b)"
-	  has parameter variables "k1, kr1, k2, &b, internal_id, krest",
-	  but this patch reorders to "kr1, k1, k2, internal_id, krest, &b".
-	  (locate a block variable at last)
-
-	* parse.y (vtable_pop): added.
-	  This function remove latest `n' variables from vtable.
-
-	* iseq.c: catch up iseq data changes.
-
-	* proc.c: ditto.
-
-	* class.c (keyword_error): export as rb_keyword_error().
-
-	* common.mk: depend vm_args.c for vm.o.
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_has_key): export.
-
-	* internal.h: ditto.
-
-Mon Nov  3 02:35:32 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* sample/simple-bench.rb: added to measure performance of simple
-	  lines.
-
-Mon Nov  3 02:33:43 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (obj_info): show T_STRING more details.
-
-Sun Nov  2 01:30:32 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Don't ignore errors on listener threads,
-	  as much as possible.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb: Ditto.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_partial_record_read.rb: Ditto.
-
-Sat Nov  1 23:11:05 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/openssl/utils.rb (start_server): Don't close sockets before
-	  threads finished.
-
-Sat Nov  1 22:06:24 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb (test_ctx_client_session_cb): Don't
-	  ignore errors of SSL accept.
-	  (test_ctx_server_session_cb): Ditto.
-
-	* test/openssl/utils.rb (server_loop): Add ignore_ssl_accept_error
-	  argument.
-	  (start_server): Refine threads waits.
-
-	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (assert_join_threads): Show a thread before
-	  backtrace.
-
-Sat Nov  1 20:40:18 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/openssl/utils.rb (start_server, server_loop): Use a
-	  pipe to stop server instead of shutdown/close a listening socket.
-
-Sat Nov  1 19:24:59 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (assert_join_threads): New assertion to
-	  join multiple threads without exceptions.
-
-Sat Nov  1 17:09:32 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (bary_mul_balance_with_mulfunc): Fix free work area
-	  location.
-	  [ruby-dev:48723] [Bug #10464]
-	  [ruby-core:66044] [Bug #10465]
-	  Reported by Kohji Nishihama.
-
-Sat Nov  1 15:45:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parse_atmark): mere atmark and two atmarks without
-	  succeeding identifiers are invalid as instance/class variable
-	  names.
-
-Sat Nov  1 06:31:41 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variant.c: use typed data.
-
-Fri Oct 31 13:55:28 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/dl/*: remove DL as it is replaced by Fiddle.
-	  [Feature #5458] Thanks to Jonan Scheffler <jonanscheffler@gmail.com>
-	  for this patch
-
-	* test/dl/*: ditto.
-
-Fri Oct 31 15:26:02 2014  Charles Oliver Nutter  <headius@headius.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Add certificate verification chain
-	  test from JRuby community.
-
-Fri Oct 31 18:58:02 2014  Charles Oliver Nutter  <headius@headius.com>
-
-	* test/psych/test_emitter.rb: Fix line_width test...initial value
-	  is impl-specific and attr assignment always returns LHS.
-
-Fri Oct 31 22:19:30 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* ext/digest/lib/digest.rb (Digest()): This function should now be
-	  thread-safe.  If you have a problem with regard to on-demand
-	  loading under a multi-threaded environment, preload "digest/*"
-	  modules on boot or use this method instead of directly
-	  referencing Digest::*. [Bug #9494]
-	  cf. https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-ruby/issues/525
-
-Fri Oct 31 21:33:17 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* test/digest/test_digest.rb: Drop #!.  This no longer runs
-	  stand-alone because it depends on ruby/envutil.
-
-Fri Oct 31 17:22:19 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/setup.mak: $(APPEND) with some arguments insert a space before
-	  the arguments, so it causes error if the arguments are expected to be
-	  a macro definition.  this fix resolve the build error introduced at
-	  r48210.
-
-Fri Oct 31 16:47:35 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* ext/syslog/lib/syslog/logger.rb (Syslog::Logger::VERSION): Bump
-	  the VERSION to 2.1.0. [ruby-core:64483] [Bug #10159]
-
-Fri Oct 31 16:33:46 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/net/imap.rb (Net::IMAP#fetch): [DOC] Document that
-	  Net::IMAP#fetch will return nil instead of an empty array.
-
-Fri Oct 31 12:54:43 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (.unicode-tables.time): needs Unicode files always,
-	  and should update after downloading these files.
-	  [ruby-core:66026] [Bug #10461]
-
-Fri Oct 31 10:16:42 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* .travis.yml: reverted r48199, it's unrelated configuration.
-
-Fri Oct 31 09:58:14 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/test_unicode_normalize.rb: added unicode version number to
-	  test data location.
-
-Fri Oct 31 09:56:41 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* .gitignore: ignored unicode data with version directories.
-
-Fri Oct 31 09:35:30 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* .travis.yml: tweak build scripts for unicode_normalize.rb.
-
-Thu Oct 30 18:47:04 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk: fix for the case ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE=no
-
-Thu Oct 30 13:23:23 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* tool/downloader.rb: changed Unicode data download location
-	  from latest Unicode version to Unicode 7.0.0.
-
-Thu Oct 30 11:16:13 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_callee_setup_arg{_complex,}): try conversion
-	  by to_ary for a lambda, as well as a proc.
-	  [ruby-core:65887] [Bug #9605]
-
-Wed Oct 29 21:13:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (gettable_gen): warn circular argument reference, for
-	  transition from 2.1 and earlier.  [ruby-core:65990] [Bug #10314]
-
-Wed Oct 29 20:41:01 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_params): remove unused member `cur_mid`.
-	  this has been taken over by `in_def` since 1.6.
-
-Wed Oct 29 14:44:27 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* load.c (rb_f_load): path name needs to be transcoded to OS path
-	  encoding.  [ruby-list:49994]
-
-Wed Oct 29 11:48:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (__builtin_setjmp): disable with gcc/clang earlier
-	  than 4.3 on Mac OS X.  [ruby-core:65174] [Bug #10272]
-
-Wed Oct 29 11:43:43 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Generalize Vector#cross_product to arbitrary
-	  dimensions
-	  based on a patch by gogo tanaka [#10074]
-
-Wed Oct 29 11:43:11 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Add Matrix#adjucate
-	  patch by gogo tanaka [#10056]
-
-Wed Oct 29 11:42:33 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Add aliases for Vector#cross & dot
-	  patch by gogo tanaka [#10352]
-
-Wed Oct 29 10:00:18 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* gems/bundled_gems: Update latest version of bundled gems.
-
-Tue Oct 28 16:52:07 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* signal.c (install_sighandler): remove rb_disable_interrupt and
-	  rb_enable_interrupt calls
-	  (init_sigchld): ditto
-	  (Init_signal): disable and enable interrupt once around all
-	  install_sighandler and init_sigchld to reduce syscalls at start
-	  [Feature #9345] [ruby-core:59480]
-
-Tue Oct 28 16:22:41 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ruby.c (process_options, load_file_internal2): should not
-	  require other files when dump option is given.
-	  [ruby-dev:48712] [Bug #10435]
-
-Tue Oct 28 14:51:38 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: remove apple-gcc4.2 from CC candidates.
-
-Mon Oct 27 20:13:37 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/entity.rb: keep the entity size within the limitation.
-	  reported by Willis Vandevanter <will@silentrobots.com> and
-	  patched by nahi.
-
-Mon Oct 27 17:17:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* proc.c (method_proc): the receiver of binding from method should
-	  be same as the receiver of the method.
-	  [ruby-core:65917] [Bug #10432]
-
-Mon Oct 27 16:26:37 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_super.rb: add a test to check block passing.
-
-Mon Oct 27 15:59:26 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: is_incremental_marking(), will_be_incremental_marking():
-	  use `&&' with GC_ENABLE_INCREMENTAL_MARK instead of using
-	  #if/#else/#endif.
-
-Mon Oct 27 13:40:11 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_sweep_rest): sweep rest pages regardless of whether
-	  lazy sweep is enabled or not.  based on the patch by Masahiro
-	  Ide at [ruby-dev:48706].  [Bug #10431]
-
-Mon Oct 27 11:18:32 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_deadlock_by_signal_at_forking):
-	  reduce garbage during forks
-
-Sun Oct 25 12:26:26 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* template/insns.inc.tmpl, insns_info.inc.tmpl, known_errors.inc.tmpl,
-	  minsns.inc.tmpl: fixed path of generating script.
-
-Sun Oct 26 12:24:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/ripper/lib/ripper/sexp.rb (Ripper.sexp, Ripper.sexp_raw):
-	  return nil on error.  [ruby-dev:48678] [Bug #10405]
-
-Sun Oct 25 11:24:24 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* string.c: improved comment.
-
-Sun Oct 26 07:40:11 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_val2variant, ole_invoke): refactoring.
-	  use ole_variant2variant to convert WIN32OLE_VARIANT object to
-	  VARIANT object.
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variant.c: refactoring. add
-	  ole_variant2variant.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variant.h: ditto.
-
-Sat Oct 25 22:28:17 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* io.c (io_binwrite_string): Test writev() failure.
-
-Sat Oct 25 20:19:19 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* test/test-unicode_normalize.rb: added test_us_ascii.
-
-Sat Oct 25 20:09:09 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb: added US_ASCII
-	  as trivially supported encoding (is always normalized,
-	  and may appear mixed in with UTF-8 or other Unicode
-	  encodings).
-
-Sat Oct 25 20:01:01 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* test/test-unicode_normalize.rb: added
-	  test_raise_exception_for_non_unicode_encoding.
-
-Sat Oct 25 19:30:30 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* test/test-unicode_normalize.rb: removed unused function.
-
-Sat Oct 25 18:41:41 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* template/unicode_norm_gen.tmpl: Adjusted name of generating file.
-
-Fri Oct 24 22:49:42 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_yylex): dispatch newline and space at fluent
-	  interface, so that the following identifier does not include the
-	  space.  [ruby-dev:48684] [Bug #10411]
-
-Fri Oct 24 20:41:36 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* signal.c (check_reserved_signal_): fix write count since r47991.
-
-Thu Oct 23 21:42:54 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_delete): now does not call the block given to
-	  the current method.  [ruby-core:65861] [Bug #10413]
-
-Thu Oct 23 19:13:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_make): warn redefinition only for
-	  already defined methods, but not for undefined methods.
-	  [ruby-dev:48691] [Bug #10421]
-
-Thu Oct 23 17:19:04 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/source.rb (REXML::IOSource#encoding_updated): Fix a
-	  bug that can't parse XML correctly when
-	  Encoding.default_internal is different with XML
-	  encoding. REXML::Source converts XML encoding on read. So IO
-	  should not convert XML encoding.
-	  Based on patch by NAKAMURA Usaku.
-	  [ruby-dev:48686] [Bug #10418]
-
-	* test/rexml/test_encoding.rb
-	  (REXMLTests::EncodingTester#test_parse_utf16_with_utf8_default_internal):
-	  Add the for the above case.
-
-Thu Oct 23 16:29:02 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_encoding.rb
-	  (REXMLTests::EncodingTester#test_parse_utf16): Use meaningful
-	  test name. "ticket" in the old test name means the ticket in
-	  REXML's issue tracker. The REXML's issue tracker was gone. So
-	  "ticket" is meaningless.
-
-	* test/rexml/data/ticket_110_utf16.xml: Rename to ...
-	* test/rexml/data/utf16.xml: ... this.
-
-Thu Oct 23 16:18:11 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_encoding.rb
-	  (REXMLTests::EncodingTester#test_ticket_110): Fix expected and
-	  actual order.
-	  Patch by NAKAMURA Usaku. Thanks!!!
-
-Thu Oct 23 10:47:16 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* insns.def (getlocal,setlocal): add comment to def/opt_operand.def
-
-Thu Oct 23 10:22:41 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_deadlock_by_signal_at_forking):
-	  use IO#wait_readable instead of timeout
-
-Thu Oct 23 10:22:24 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_deadlock_by_signal_at_forking):
-	  ensure exit! during fork failure
-
-Thu Oct 23 10:21:21 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* NEWS: Added String#unicode_normalize(|!|d?) [ci skip]
-
-Thu Oct 23 03:41:51 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* class.c (unknown_keyword_error): delete expected keywords
-	  directly from raw table, so that the given block is not called.
-	  [ruby-core:65837] [Bug #10413]
-
-Thu Oct 23 02:33:01 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (update-unicode): invert dependency to run every times.
-	  [ruby-core:65842] [Bug #10415]
-
-	* common.mk (after-update): update files under source tree.
-	  [ruby-core:65840] [Bug #10414]
-
-Wed Oct 22 22:38:59 2014  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (DEFAULT_PARAMS): override
-	  options even if OpenSSL::SSL::OP_NO_SSLv3 is not defined.
-	  this is pointed out by Stephen Touset. [ruby-core:65711] [Bug #9424]
-
-Wed Oct 22 21:31:56 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (prelude.c): add dependency to LIB_SRCS because
-	  enc/prelude.rb requires lib/unicode_normalize.rb, and it's also
-	  requires lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb (=LIB_SRCS).
-
-Wed Oct 22 21:09:51 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* configure.in (nacl_cv_cpu_nick): fix typo in PNaCl.
-	  (XCFLAGS) Add -isystem flag to pnacl and nacl-newlib
-	  (CXX): added
-
-	* nacl/GNUmakefile.in (CXX): Added
-	  (PPROGRAM): Use clang++ instead of clang because libnacl_io
-	  depends on c++ std lib.
-
-Wed Oct 22 21:07:32 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* common.mk (build-ext): avoid trying to build dynamic libraries
-	  if configured --with-static-linked-ext.
-
-Wed Oct 22 20:33:33 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* common.mk: Fixed grammar in comment [ci skip]
-
-Wed Oct 22 19:18:18 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* tool/unicode_norm_gen.rb: Fixed escaping of backslash and
-	  double quote ('\\\&' -> "\\\\\\\&"; double quoted string
-	  is needed to make \& mean last match; double double
-	  backslashes are needed because of two layers of escaping).
-
-Wed Oct 22 18:13:29 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/test-unicode_normalize.rb: as often said, ruby is sometimes built
-	  at non-srcdir.
-
-Wed Oct 22 18:12:12 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* test/test-unicode_normalize.rb: Adjusted path for test
-	  data file (now ../enc/unicode/data/NormalizationTest.txt).
-
-Wed Oct 22 18:07:07 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* test/test-unicode_normalize.rb: Removed explicit require,
-	  changed method names, adjusted copyright.
-
-Wed Oct 22 18:00:00 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* test/test-unicode_normalize.rb: Importing from
-	  https://github.com/duerst/eprun/blob/master/test/test_normalize.rb.
-	  (removing trailing whitespace, fixing EOLs and adding EOL property)
-
-Wed Oct 22 08:21:09 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* nacl/pepper_main.c (Instance_DidCreate): mount devfs and rebind fd 0
-	  .. 2 so that stderr goes to the console of the browser.
-
-Wed Oct 22 03:47:43 2014  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_nprocessors_affin): maximum "n" should be 16384.
-
-Wed Oct 22 03:37:00 2014  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_nprocessors_affin): minor spell fix.
-
-Wed Oct 22 03:33:58 2014  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_nprocessors_affin): optimize memory usage a
-	  bit. Typical rubyist never use 8k cpus machine.
-
-Wed Oct 22 00:01:09 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* configure.in (XCFLAGS): Add include path for NaCl libraries.
-	  (XLDFLAGS): ditto.
-	  (NACL_LIB_PATH): new substitution
-
-	* nacl/nacl-config.rb: support NACL_LIB_PATH
-
-	* nacl/package.rb: ditto.
-
-	* nacl/pepper_main.c: replace old implementations with nacl_io.
-
-	* nacl/GNUmakefile.in: link nacl_io to pepper_ruby
-
-	* ruby.c (rb_load_file): remove __attribute__((weak)) because the old
-	  override hack was replaced with nacl_io.
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_load_ok): ditto.
-
-Tue Oct 21 17:32:32 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* common.mk: Adding explicit creation of directory
-	  enc/unicode/data because git doesn't handle empty
-	  directories. [patch by Masahiro Ide, filed with r48073]
-
-Tue Oct 21 17:12:12 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb: Committing to make version
-	  update easier and more predictable, and reducing compilation
-	  time.
-
-Tue Oct 21 15:56:56 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb: Added comment to point to
-	  relevant portion of Unicode standard for Hangul (de)composition
-	  identifiers and algorithm.
-
-Tue Oct 21 11:49:16 2014  Andreas Schwab  <schwab@suse.de>
-
-	* gc.c (mark_current_machine_context) [__mc68000__]: Update stack
-	  marking.
-	  (rb_gc_mark_machine_stack) [__mc68000__]: Also handle it here.
-
-Mon Oct 20 23:59:38 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/prelude.rb: we sometimes run ruby without library path (especially
-	  for test), so should permit to run ruby if unicode_normalize.rb is
-	  missing.
-
-Mon Oct 20 23:57:58 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb): enable running (n)make
-	  in non-srcdir.
-
-Mon Oct 20 23:58:04 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/downloader.rb: add -a option to always download regardless
-	  existing files.
-
-Mon Oct 20 23:18:18 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb: no need to convert path separator for COPY because it's
-	  ruby -run cp and it can treat '/' on any platform.
-
-Mon Oct 20 19:54:54 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* config.mk: Added missing data files as targets for
-	  prerequisite update_unicode.
-
-Mon Oct 20 19:06:06 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: revert r48046. The s in sIndex
-	  is not hungarian notation. The variable name sIndex is
-	  directly taken from the relevant part of the Unicode
-	  Standard, where it is written SIndex and stands for
-	  'syllable index'. See pp. 144/145 of
-	  http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode7.0.0/ch03.pdf.
-
-Mon Oct 20 12:46:46 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: removing unnecessary 'self'.
-
-Mon Oct 20 12:37:37 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: change method names
-	  in commented-out code. Followup to r48027.
-
-Mon Oct 20 02:23:27 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* variable.c (rb_ivar_get), vm_insnhelper.c (vm_getivar): improve
-	  instance variable retrieval performance by checking ruby_verbose
-	  before call of rb_warning and evaluation of its argument.
-	  [ruby-core:65786] [Feature #10396]
-
-Sun Oct 19 23:31:29 2014  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: (unicode_normalize!): change method name.
-	  catch up the method name change at r48014. [Feature #10084]
-
-Sun Oct 19 20:05:58 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/treeview.rb: fix syntax error.
-
-Sun Oct 19 18:39:39 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* enc/prelude.rb: Added automatic loading of
-	  lib/unicode_normalize.rb. This makes sure that all
-	  the methods that are available on String are
-	  available without explicit require.
-
-Sun Oct 19 18:35:35 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb: Added a missing
-	  file extension in require statement.
-
-Sun Oct 19 18:13:13 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* common.mk: Added a rule to generate
-	  lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb. This rule still
-	  needs to be integrated into the overall make process.
-
-Sun Oct 19 17:53:53 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: Changed to dynamic
-	  loading of actual normalization code and tables.
-
-Sun Oct 19 17:37:37 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: Small documentation fix.
-
-Sun Oct 19 17:26:26 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: Added documentation.
-
-Sun Oct 19 11:09:09 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* tool/unicode_norm_gen.rb, lib/unicode_normalize.rb:
-	  File name change from lib/unicode_normalize/normalize_tables.rb
-	  to lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb.
-
-Sun Oct 19 10:12:12 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: Changing method names, see
-	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/10084#note-7
-
-Sun Oct 19 10:10:10 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: Changing module name.
-
-Sun Oct 19 10:08:08 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: Changing require statement,
-	  adjusting copyright.
-
-Sun Oct 19 10:04:04 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: Importing from
-	  https://github.com/duerst/eprun/blob/master/lib/string_normalize.rb.
-	  (removing trailing whitespace, fixing EOLs and adding EOL property)
-
-Sun Oct 19 09:56:56 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* tool/unicode_norm_gen.rb: Changed module name.
-
-Sun Oct 19 09:48:48 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb: Changed module name,
-	  adjusted copyright.
-
-Sun Oct 19 09:38:38 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb: Importing from
-	  https://github.com/duerst/eprun/blob/master/lib/normalize.rb.
-
-Sat Oct 18 20:40:52 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* vm_core.h, proc.c, vm_backtrace.c, vm_trace.c:
-	  remove rb_binding_new_with_cfp, and use rb_vm_make_binding instead.
-
-Sat Oct 18 20:38:48 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* vm_core.h, vm.c, proc.c: fix GC mark miss on bindings.
-	  [ruby-dev:48616] [Bug #10368]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_eval.rb: add a test code.
-
-Fri Oct 17 22:47:11 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* pack.c (pack_unpack): Add casts for char references for 'u'.
-	  Fix line ending recognition algorithm.
-
-Fri Oct 17 21:49:52 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* pack.c (pack_unpack): Add casts for char references for 'b' and 'h'.
-
-Fri Oct 17 17:50:10 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* Avoid undefined behaviors found by gcc -fsanitize=undefined.
-	  gcc (Debian 4.9.1-16) 4.9.1
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_sum): Avoid undefined behavior.
-
-Fri Oct 17 17:43:50 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* Avoid undefined behaviors found by gcc -fsanitize=undefined.
-	  gcc (Debian 4.9.1-16) 4.9.1
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (INT2FIX): Avoid undefined behavior.
-
-	* node.h (nd_set_line): Ditto.
-
-	* pack.c (encodes): Ditto.
-	  (pack_unpack): Ditto.
-
-	* regint.h (BIT_STATUS_AT): Ditto.
-	  (BS_BIT): Ditto.
-
-	* time.c (time_mdump): Ditto.
-	  (time_mload): Ditto.
-
-	* vm_core.h (VM_FRAME_MAGIC_MASK): Ditto.
-
-	* vm_trace.c (recalc_add_ruby_vm_event_flags): Ditto.
-
-Fri Oct 17 15:06:49 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (unescape_nonascii): make dynamically compiled US-ASCII
-	  regexps ASCII-8BIT encoding if binary (hexadecimal, control,
-	  meta) escapes are contained, as well as literal regexps.
-	  [ruby-dev:48626] [Bug #10382]
-
-Fri Oct 17 03:05:08 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* test/-ext-/bug_reporter/test_bug_reporter.rb
-	  (test_bug_reporter_add): revert r47972
-	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (test_segv_test): revert r47971
-	  [ruby-core:65764]
-
-Thu Oct 16 23:17:40 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* signal.c (rb_sigaltstack_size): double default size to get rid
-	  of heap corruption by alternate stack overflow in SEGV handler.
-	  typically happened at fprintf() in control_frame_dump().
-
-Thu Oct 16 22:43:12 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* vm_backtrace.c (id2str): Fix a variable name.
-	  [ruby-dev:48642] [Bug #10389]
-
-Thu Oct 16 20:01:26 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (assert_pattern_list): Show number of matched
-	  patterns and characters.
-
-Thu Oct 16 16:26:09 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* cont.c (fiber_store): fix WIN32 fibers
-	  [ruby-core:65745] [ruby-core:65758]
-
-Thu Oct 16 15:05:07 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_here_document): do not append already appended
-	  and disposed code fragment.  [ruby-dev:48647] [Bug #10392]
-
-Thu Oct 16 10:35:33 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* test/-ext-/bug_reporter/test_bug_reporter.rb
-	  (test_bug_reporter_add): fix race
-
-Thu Oct 16 10:09:02 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (test_segv_test): fix race
-
-Thu Oct 16 09:17:48 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* cont.c (rb_fiber_t): fix compile error caused by move to
-	  vm_core.h at r47964.  [Feature #10341]
-
-Thu Oct 16 08:58:11 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_deadlock_by_signal_at_forking):
-	  avoid killing wrong parent
-
-Thu Oct 16 08:40:04 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* cont.c (fiber_store): restore references to next_fib (fix typo)
-
-Thu Oct 16 08:26:08 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* cont.c (fiber_store): remove references to nextfib
-	  fix build when FIBER_USE_NATIVE is 0
-
-Thu Oct 16 06:51:35 2014  Knut Franke  <Knut.Franke@gmx.de>
-
-	* vm_core.h: declare rb_fiber_t typedef
-	  (rb_thread_t): fiber and root_fiber become rb_fiber_t * (from VALUE)
-	* vm.c (rb_thread_mark): use rb_fiber_mark_self
-	* cont.c (rb_fiber_t): prev becomes rb_fiber_t * (from VALUE)
-	  (cont_mark, cont_free): simplify conditions
-	  (rb_fiber_mark_self): new function
-	  (fiber_mark): use rb_fiber_mark_self
-	  (cont_save_thread, cont_restore_thread): inline
-	  (cont_restore_thread): simplify
-	  (fiber_setcontext): simplify conditions
-	  (rb_cont_call): remove dereference
-	  (fiber_t_alloc): update for rb_fiber_t->prev type change
-	  (rb_fiber_start): ditto
-	  (fiber_current): extract from rb_fiber_current
-	  (return_fiber): move, simplify type checks
-	  (rb_fiber_current): use fiber_current
-	  (fiber_store): simplify type checks
-	  (fiber_switch): ditto, simplify call to fiber_setcontext,
-	   use fiber_current
-	  (rb_fiber_transfer): update for type changes
-	  (rb_fiber_terminate): move, use fiber_switch
-	  (rb_fiber_resume): update for type changes
-	  (rb_fiber_reset_root_local_storage): ditto
-	  (rb_fiber_yield): use rb_fiber_switch instead of rb_fiber_transfer
-	  (rb_fiber_m_transfer): ditto
-	  [ruby-core:65518] [Feature #10341]
-
-Thu Oct 16 06:25:29 2014  Knut Franke  <Knut.Franke@gmx.de>
-
-	* cont.c (rb_context_t): comment on saved_thread
-	  (cont_save_thread): sparse copy
-	  (cont_init): copy extra fields
-	  (fiber_init): use current thread VM stack size
-	  [ruby-core:65518] [Feature #10341]
-
-Thu Oct 16 06:13:09 2014  Knut Franke  <Knut.Franke@gmx.de>
-
-	* cont.c (cont_capture): remove unnecessary variable
-	  [ruby-core:65518] [Feature #10341]
-
-Thu Oct 16 05:02:31 2014  Knut Franke  <Knut.Franke@gmx.de>
-
-	* cont.c (fiber_store, fiber_switch): simplify
-	  [ruby-core:65518] [Feature #10341]
-
-Thu Oct 16 04:28:41 2014  Knut Franke  <Knut.Franke@gmx.de>
-
-	* cont.c (rb_fiber_t): remove prev_fiber/next_fiber
-	  (fiber_link_join, fiber_link_remove): remove functions
-	  (fiber_free, fiber_init, root_fiber_alloc):
-	   remove references to removed fields and functions
-	  [ruby-core:65518] [Feature #10341]
-
-Wed Oct 15 22:08:37 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_nprocessors_affin): Test CPU_ALLOC availability.
-	  CentOS 5 don't have CPU_ALLOC().
-
-Wed Oct 15 18:26:19 2014  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_nprocessors_affinity): use sched_getaffinity
-	  for getting precious number of available cpus.
-
-	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_nprocessors): use etc_nprocessors_affinity if
-	  possible.
-
-	  [Feature #10267] etc-nprocessors-kosaki2.patch
-
-Wed Oct 15 17:53:28 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (assert_pattern_list) Renamed from
-	  assert_regexp_list.
-	  Show multiline string in multi lines.
-
-	* test/-ext-/bug_reporter/test_bug_reporter.rb: Use
-	  assert_pattern_list.
-
-Wed Oct 15 12:26:58 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (assert_regexp_list): New assertion method.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb: Use assert_regexp_list.
-
-Wed Oct 15 07:21:09 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* enum.c: min(n) drops elements bigger than the n-th maximum element.
-	  (struct nmin_data): New field to record the n-th maximum element, limit
-	  (nmin_filter): Update limit field.
-	  (nmin_i): Drop too big elements.
-	  (nmin_run): Initialize limit field.
-
-Wed Oct 15 07:00:14 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb (test_string_size): new test
-
-Wed Oct 15 06:51:13 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb (test_string_eq_neq): new test
-	  (test_string_ltlt): ditto
-
-Wed Oct 15 06:50:29 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb (test_hash_aset_with):
-	  assert assignment
-
-Wed Oct 15 04:56:27 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_obj_id): [DOC] Fix typo, clean up sentence, and wrap cols
-
-Wed Oct 15 04:53:30 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* error.c: [DOC] Fix case of type in exception message by @tricknotes
-	  [Fixes GH-740] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/740
-
-	* object.c: ditto
-
-Tue Oct 14 21:39:16 2014  Vit Ondruch  <vondruch@redhat.com>
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb (gem): Fix permissions of bundled gems
-	  specification files.  [ruby-core:65700] [Bug #10383]
-
-Tue Oct 14 19:15:31 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_record.c: use typed data.
-
-Tue Oct 14 16:23:12 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* symbol.c (global_symbols): make ids two-dimensional array of
-	  strings and symbols, for write-barrier.
-
-	* symbol.c (global_symbols): make IDs immortal always, instead
-	  of treating dynamic symbols as IDs.
-
-	* iseq.c, marshal.c, string.c: use rb_str_intern instead of
-	  rb_str_dynamic_intern.
-
-	* symbol.c (rb_str_intern): rename rb_str_dynamic_intern.
-
-Tue Oct 14 10:19:10 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb (test_string_freeze): new test
-	  (test_hash_aref_with): ditto
-	  (test_hash_aset_with): ditto
-
-Tue Oct 14 01:27:54 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* enum.c (nmin_run): max(n) and max_by(n) returns an array in
-	  descending order.
-	  [ruby-core:65452] Suggested by David Grayson.
-
-Mon Oct 13 20:44:49 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (update-gems): chdir to the target directory and then
-	  add the tool directory to load paths, for older BASERUBY.
-	  [Bug #10372][ruby-core:65630]
-
-Mon Oct 13 17:53:01 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/xmlrpc/parser.rb: added new parser class using libxml-ruby gem.
-	  [Feature #9379][ruby-core:59633]
-	* lib/xmlrpc/config.rb: ditto.
-
-Mon Oct 13 16:32:56 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/find.rb (Find.find): Call to_path for arguments to obtain
-	  strings.
-	  [ruby-core:63713] [Bug #10035] Reported by Herwin.
-
-Mon Oct 13 15:42:25 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* common.mk: use relative load path for bundled_gems directory.
-	  [Bug #10372][ruby-core:65630]
-
-Mon Oct 13 08:44:06 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* README.EXT: [DOC] fix example missing typedef with patch by
-	  @steveklabnik [Fixes GH-739] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/739
-
-	* README.EXT.ja: ditto.
-
-Mon Oct 13 06:52:09 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* array.c (ary_recycle_hash): add RB_GC_GUARD
-	  (rb_ary_diff): remove volatile
-	  [Bug #10369]
-
-Mon Oct 13 03:20:23 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: [DOC] Clean up whitespace, examples, and typos
-	  in date_core based on a patch by @vipulnsward [Fixes GH-724]
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/724
-
-Mon Oct 13 02:39:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (remove_duplicate_keys): should not simply eliminate all
-	  value nodes, which may have side effects.
-	  [ruby-core:65625] [Bug #10315]
-
-Sun Oct 12 10:39:16 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* vm.c: [DOC] fix typo by @yui-knk [Fixes GH-738]
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/738
-
-Sun Oct 12 09:24:15 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/test/unit.rb: Hide skips by default.
-
-Sun Oct 12 01:37:11 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* file.c: include sys/time.h only if HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
-
-Sat Oct 11 22:29:40 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* file.c (HAVE_UTIMENSAT): disabled for NativeClient.
-	  Fixes build error.
-
-Sat Oct 11 22:11:58 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* ext/extmk.rb: generates the rule for extinit.$(OBJEXT).
-	  extinit.$(OBJEXT) used to be generated by the builtin rule, thus
-	  didn't accept custom $(CC) and caused linkage error for cross
-	  compiling.
-
-Sat Oct 11 18:46:50 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_fd_select): declare struct timeval, or the
-	  struct gets local to the function in C99.
-
-	* file.c (#include): add nacl/stat.h for PNaCl.
-	  (utimes): added a declaration for PNaCl.
-	  (stat_atimespec): stat::st_atimensec is long long but
-	  timespec::tv_nsec is long in PNaCl.
-	  (stat_mtimespec, stat_ctimespec): ditto.
-	  (rb_group_member): disable getgroups unless HAVE_GETGROUPS.
-	  (eaccess): unify the fallback to generic defined(USE_GETEUID).
-
-	* io.c: include sys/time.h for struct timeval.
-	  (rb_close_before_exec): nothing we can do if F_GETFD is not
-	  available.
-	  (ioctl): pnacl newlib actually doesn't have ioctl.
-
-	* process.c (maxgroups): it is used iff
-	   defined(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX) || defined(NGROUPS_MAX) but not
-	   defined(HAVE_GETGROUPS) || defined(HAVE_SETGROUPS).
-	  (obj2gid): fail unless the object is a Fixnum if getgrnam is not
-	  available.
-	  (disable_child_handler_fork_child): sigaction is not available in
-	  PNaCl newlib.
-
-	* configure.in (warnflags, strict_warnflags): avoid -ansi for strlcpy.
-	  (rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins): also check
-	  __atomic_or_etch because it is used in ruby_atomic.h.
-	  (rb_cv_gcc_sync_builtins): ditto.
-	  (HAVE_GETGRNAM): added.
-
-Sat Oct 11 15:32:08 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_build_from_ary_exception): move RB_GC_GUARD
-	  (iseq_build_from_ary_body): use PRIsVALUE instead of RB_GC_GUARD
-
-Sat Oct 11 14:57:08 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_intern): remove unnecessary RB_GC_GUARD
-
-Sat Oct 11 13:47:13 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (remove_duplicate_keys): remove duplicate literal keys,
-	  i.e., symbols and strings.  [ruby-core:65368] [Bug #10315]
-
-	* vm.c (kwmerge_i): override existing keys by new keys.
-	  [ruby-core:65368] [Bug #10315]
-
-	* parse.y (assocs): concatenate splatted literal hashes.  the
-	  former key has precedence even if duplicated literal keys
-	  follow.  [ruby-core:65368] [Bug #10315]
-
-Sat Oct 11 12:27:03 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_NACL): automatically locate pnacl-clang.
-	  (RUBY_PLATFORM): pnacl instead of le32-nacl.
-
-Sat Oct 11 11:27:14 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* io.c: fix issues in the last two commits. don't disable cloexec for
-	  platforms other than NativeClient.
-
-	* ChangeLog: ditto. add entries for the last two commits.
-
-Sat Oct 11 11:12:00 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* signal.c (install_signalhandler, init_sigchld): allow failure because it
-	  always fails with ENOSYS on NaCl.
-
-Sat Oct 11 11:11:53 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_NACL and others): merge patch from naclports. Supports PNaCl.
-
-	* dln.c: ditto. replace the old hacky dynamic loading over HTTP with nacl_io.
-
-	* file.c: ditto. tentatively use access(2) instead of eaccess.
-	  (rb_file_load_ok): weaken with attribute but not by postprocess.
-
-	* io.c: ditto.
-	  (socket.h): now NaCl has socket.h
-	  (flock): disable here instead of nacl/ioctl.h
-
-	* nacl/GNUmakefile.in: ditto.
-	  (CC, LD, NM, AR, AS, RANLIB, OBJDUMP, OBJCOPY):
-	  respect path to them if they are absolute.
-	  This helps naclports to build ruby in their source tree.
-	  (PROGRAM_NMF, .SUFFIXES): support .pnexe for PNaCl.
-	  (ruby.o, file.o): move the hack to attributes in ruby.c and file.c
-
-	* nacl/ioctl.h: ditto. removed. move the hack to io.c.
-
-	* nacl/nacl-config.rb: ditto. support arm, pnacl and others.
-
-	* nacl/pepper_main.c: ditto. support build in a naclports tree.
-
-	* ruby.c (rb_load_file): ditto. weaken with attribute but not by postprocess.
-
-Sat Oct 11 09:32:00 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* ext/socket/unixsocket.c: [DOC] Fix example to render in HTML
-	  properly, with a patch by @eval [Fixes GH-733]
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/733
-
-Sat Oct 11 04:14:41 2014  Kir Shatrov  <shatrov@me.com>
-
-	* lib/open-uri.rb (OpenURI::Options): add :open_timeout default
-	* (def OpenURI.open_http): check :open_timeout option
-	* (module OpenURI): rdoc for :open_timeout
-	* test/open-uri/test_open-uri.rb (test_open_timeout): new test
-	  [Feature #10361]
-
-Fri Oct 10 11:27:49 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/io.h (rb_io_mode_flags, rb_io_modenum_flags):
-	  deprecate old macros for compatibility for ruby 1.8 and older.
-
-Thu Oct  9 23:31:47 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* bignum.c (absint_numwords_generic): set an array element after
-	  definition of a variable to fix compile error with older version
-	  of fcc (Fujitsu C Compiler) 5.6 on Solaris 10 on Sparc.
-	  [Bug #10350] [ruby-dev:48608]
-
-Thu Oct  9 16:15:26 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/-test-/st/foreach/extconf.rb: new file
-	* ext/-test-/st/foreach/foreach.c: ditto
-	* test/-ext-/st/test_foreach.rb: ditto
-	  [Feature #10321]
-
-Thu Oct  9 12:40:28 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_hash_aref_sym*.rb: force static symbols
-
-Thu Oct  9 12:38:28 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_any_hash): remove unnecessary dsym check
-
-Thu Oct  9 07:20:30 2014  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* missing/setproctitle.c: Avoid invalidating argv[1], argv[2],
-	  etc. until the first call to Process.setproctitle, because
-	  the ps command of AIX refers to the argv array.
-	  [Bug #10090]
-
-Thu Oct  9 00:53:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (dir_s_aref): fix rdoc.  `Dir.glob` allows an array but
-	  `Dir[]` not.  the former accepts an optional parameter `flags`,
-	  while the latter accepts arbitrary number of arguments but no
-	  `flags`.  [ruby-core:65265] [Bug #10294]
-
-Wed Oct  8 21:44:10 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variable.c: use typed data.
-
-Wed Oct  8 16:36:47 2014  gogo tanaka  <mail@tanakakazuki.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_syntax.rb: added syntax tests of underscore
-	  arguments.  [Feature #10340][ruby-core:65496]
-
-Wed Oct  8 07:42:39 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI#inspect): remove Object id.
-	  URI is considered that it doesn't require id.
-
-Wed Oct  8 05:22:42 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_systmpdir): set default tmplen correctly
-	  Fixup r47826
-
-Wed Oct  8 05:16:32 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Add @- and @+ for Matrix and Vector.
-	  patch by gogo tanaka [#10068] [#10069]
-
-Wed Oct  8 04:58:48 2014  John Bachir  <j@jjb.cc>
-
-	* bootstraptest/test_io.rb (assert_finish):
-	  normalize rescue for Timeout::Error
-	* lib/net/ftp.rb (Net#read_timeout): ditto for doc
-	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::ResolvTimeout): ditto for subclass
-	* lib/webrick/httprequest.rb (_read_data): ditto for rescue
-	* sample/timeout.rb (p timeout): ditto for call
-	* test/drb/drbtest.rb (test_06_timeout): ditto
-	* test/ruby/test_readpartial.rb (test_open_pipe): ditto
-	* test/thread/test_queue.rb (test_queue_thread_raise): ditto
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_s_handle_interrupt): ditto for doc
-	  [ruby-core:65481] [misc #10339]
-
-Wed Oct  8 04:38:29 2014  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (TestProcess#test_setsid): AIX
-	  does not allow Process::getsid(pid) when pid is in a
-	  different session.
-
-Wed Oct  8 04:33:04 2014  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (TestRubyOptions#test_encoding):
-	  On AIX, locale_charmap is ISO-8859-1 with LANG=C.  This means
-	  the source encoding of stdin is ISO-8859-1, so "invalid
-	  multibyte char" error does not occur.
-
-Wed Oct  8 04:30:29 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Add Matrix#laplace_expansion.
-	  patch by gogo tanaka [#10073]
-
-Wed Oct  8 04:29:21 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Add Vector.basis.
-	  Based on patch by gogo tanaka [#10072]
-
-Tue Oct  7 23:40:16 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* signal.c (rb_f_kill): get rid of deadlock as unhandled and
-	  discarded signals do not make interrupt_cond signaled.
-	  based on the patch by Kazuki Tsujimoto at [ruby-dev:48606].
-	  [Bug #9820]
-
-Tue Oct  7 22:43:44 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_method.c: use typed data.
-
-Tue Oct  7 21:47:05 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_param.c: refactoring.
-
-Tue Oct  7 21:40:17 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_method.c: refactoring. add
-	  olemethod_data_get_struct to wrap Data_Get_Struct.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_method.h: ditto.
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_param.c (oleparam_ole_param):
-	  call olemethod_data_get_struct instead of Data_Get_Struct.
-
-Tue Oct  7 11:17:08 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_systmpdir): try user temporary directory by
-	  confstr() on Mac OS X.
-	  c.f. http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/ruby/ruby-104/patches/ext_etc_etc.c.diff
-
-Tue Oct  7 10:48:17 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (struct stat.st_size): prefer off_t over int, long,
-	  and so on.  inspired by
-	  http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/ruby/ruby-104/patches/config.h.ed
-
-Tue Oct  7 10:37:39 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_UNIVERSAL_ARCH): fix missing quoting
-	  brackets.  incorporated from
-	  http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/ruby/ruby-104/patches/configure.diff
-
-Mon Oct  6 23:34:42 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_param.c: use typed data.
-
-Mon Oct  6 22:37:09 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* symbol.h (struct RSymbol): move from internal.h.
-
-Mon Oct  6 21:43:03 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* error.c: update exception tree. [DOC]
-	  reported by @hemge via twitter.
-
-Mon Oct  6 18:43:03 2014  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: Fix typo. [Bug #9914]
-
-Mon Oct  6 16:23:30 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* signal.c (rb_f_kill): should not ignore signal unless the
-	  default handler is registered.  [ruby-dev:48592] [Bug #9820]
-
-Mon Oct  6 16:07:11 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_string.rb (test_LSHIFT_neary_long_max): enable
-	  only on platforms where string size range is smaller than memory
-	  space.  this test does not make sense but just wastes memory and
-	  time on other platforms, as it is hardly possible that a string
-	  size becomes neary LONG_MAX if long size equals pointer size.
-	  [ruby-core:65410] [Bug #10325]
-
-Mon Oct  6 11:21:21 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* tool/unicode_norm_gen.rb: Adding/tweaking comments.
-
-Mon Oct  6 10:57:57 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* tool/unicode_norm_gen.rb: Adjusted directory paths.
-
-Mon Oct  6 10:27:27 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* tool/unicode_norm_gen.rb: Data generation script imported from
-	  https://github.com/duerst/eprun/blob/master/lib/generate.rb
-
-Mon Oct  6 10:15:15 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* tool/downloader.rb: Adjust example in documentation for
-	  Downloader.download.
-
-Mon Oct  6 10:07:07 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* lib/unicode_normalize: New folder for Unicode normalization
-	  functionality
-
-Sun Oct  5 11:04:13 2014  Luiz Angelo Daros de Luca  <luizluca@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/digest/{md5,rmd160,sha1,sha2}/extconf.rb: configure OpenSSL
-	  only if bundled libraries is not used, so that OpenSSL is not
-	  linked unnecessarily.  [ruby-core:65404] [Bug #10324]
-
-Sun Oct  5 10:39:11 2014  Luiz Angelo Daros de Luca  <luizluca@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/digest/rmd160/extconf.rb: fix transform function name to
-	  check.  [ruby-core:65091] [Bug #10252]
-
-Sun Oct  5 05:46:00 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (zstream_mark, zstream_free): update signature
-	  (gzfile_mark, gzfile_free): ditto
-	  (zstream_memsize): new function for rb_data_type->dsize
-	  (gzfile_memsize): ditto
-	  (zstream_data_type, gzfile_data_type): new data types
-	  (zstream_new): Data_Make_Struct => TypedData_Make_Struct
-	  (gzfile_new): ditto
-	  (get_zstream, get_gzfile): Data_Get_Struct => TypedData_Get_Struct
-	  (rb_zstream_flush_next_in): ditto
-	  (rb_zstream_flush_next_out): ditto
-	  (rb_zstream_avail_out): ditto
-	  (rb_zstream_avail_in): ditto
-	  (rb_zstream_closed_p): ditto
-	  (rb_deflate_initialize): ditto
-	  (rb_deflate_init_copy): ditto
-	  (rb_inflate_initialize): ditto
-	  (gzfile_ensure_close): ditto
-	  (rb_gzfile_closed_p): ditto
-	  (rb_gzfile_path): ditto
-	  (rb_gzwriter_initialize): ditto
-	  (rb_gzreader_initialize): ditto
-	  (rb_gzreader_unused): ditto
-	  [ruby-core:65377] [Feature #10319]
-
-Sat Oct  4 16:24:41 2014  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/test_syslog.rb (TestSyslog#test_log): In AIX, each output
-	  line of LOG_PERROR to stderr has an additional empty line appended,
-	  so skip that line.
-
-Sat Oct  4 16:05:49 2014  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/socket/test_unix.rb (TestSocket_UNIXSocket#test_too_long_path):
-	  sockaddr_un.sun_path in AIX is defined as char[1024],
-	  so "a" * 300 is not too long. "a" * 3000 would be enough.
-
-Sat Oct  4 09:12:03 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/sample/example*.rb: Add wait input to quit for examples
-	  with patch provided by @windwiny [Fixes GH-705]
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/705
-
-Sat Oct  4 09:08:18 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: [DOC] Fix typo in :nodoc: reported by
-	  @windwiny to [Fix GH-705] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/705
-
-	* ext/pty/pty.c: ditto
-
-Sat Oct  4 08:59:45 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c: [DOC] Add call signature for pseudo_bytes
-	  and random_bytes, wrap lines at 80 chars, and remove useless
-	  comments.
-
-Sat Oct  4 08:49:34 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c: [DOC] Add rdoc for method descriptions
-	  By @vipulnsward [Fixes GH-657] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/657
-
-Sat Oct  4 08:23:48 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c: Use rb_define_module_function instead of
-	  macro. [Fixes GH-686] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/686
-
-Sat Oct  4 06:04:56 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_method.c(olemethod_set_member): remove
-	  redundant NULL check.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_type.c(oletype_set_member): ditto.
-
-Sat Oct  4 00:25:04 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* .travis.yml: removed needless preparation for gcc.
-
-Fri Oct  3 23:41:20 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* .travis.yml: enabled gcc build with osx on travis.
-
-Fri Oct  3 23:22:23 2014  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* template/fake.rb.in: fix make install failure due to MSYS path
-	  with mingw on MSYS environment.
-	  [ruby-core:64965] [Bug #10230]
-
-Fri Oct  3 21:02:32 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_advise): avoid to infinite loop.
-
-Fri Oct  3 19:26:01 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* .travis.yml: enabled test results of linux.
-
-Fri Oct  3 18:52:16 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_advise): added workaround of fadvise(2)
-	  with tmpfs and old linux kernel. [ruby-core:65355][Bug #10313]
-
-Fri Oct  3 18:22:45 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* .travis.yml: Disabled to generate document on travis.
-	  Reduce test running time.
-
-Fri Oct  3 12:42:15 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Add hstack & vstack methods.
-	  Based on a patch by creasywuqiong. [Fix GH-344]
-
-Fri Oct  3 12:37:48 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Fix Matrix.rows copy bug.
-	  Patch by Arron Mabrey. [Fix GH-707]
-
-Fri Oct  3 06:06:28 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* st.c (next_pow2): new function (from old bignum.c)
-	  (new_size): use next_pow2 function
-
-Fri Oct  3 05:58:58 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm_trace.c (rb_tp_t): pack 56 => 48 bytes on 64-bit
-
-Thu Oct  2 18:41:45 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_nprocessors): Windows support.
-	  see [Feature #10267]
-
-Thu Oct  2 12:21:52 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_nprocessors): New method.
-	  Accepted by matz at RubyKaigi 2014.
-	  [ruby-core:65142] [Feature #10267]
-
-Thu Oct  2 07:56:49 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_line_trace_each): explicit cast
-	  Fix https://travis-ci.org/ruby/ruby/jobs/36814282
-
-Thu Oct  2 05:40:05 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ruby.h: set rb_event_flag_t to uint32_t
-	  [ruby-core:65315] [misc #10249]
-
-Thu Oct  2 05:32:17 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* io.c (fptr_finalize): free memory before GC sweep
-	  [ruby-core:65269] [Feature #10295]
-
-Thu Oct  2 05:27:24 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* marshal.c (w_class): check dump_arg->compat_tbl before lookup
-	  (w_object): lazy init ->compat_tbl before insert
-	  (obj_alloc_by_class): ditto
-	  (clear_dump_arg): free only non-NULL ->compat_tbl
-	  (clear_load_arg): ditto for ->compat_tbl
-	  (marshal_dump): ->compat_tbl defaults to zero
-	  (marshal_load): ditto for ->compat_tbl
-	  (r_entry0): check l->compat_tbl before lookup
-	  (r_fixup_compat): ditto
-	  [ruby-core:65305] [Feature #10302]
-
-Wed Oct  1 21:14:34 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_type.c: use typed data.
-
-Wed Oct  1 18:15:42 2014  Nolan Evans  <nolane@gmail.com>
-
-	* compile.c: remove commented out code.
-
-Wed Oct  1 17:38:53 2014  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb: AIX does not allow
-	  a sticky bit on a regular file.
-
-Wed Oct  1 17:31:41 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* NEWS:  Add RubyGems update.
-
-Wed Oct  1 17:28:58 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems 2.4.2.
-	* test/rubygems:  ditto.
-
-Tue Sep 30 22:25:32 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_data_type): separate ripper data type for from
-	  parser.
-
-Tue Sep 30 18:46:31 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_typelib.c: use typed data.
-
-Tue Sep 30 09:51:46 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* common.mk: fixed broken reference of update-config_files task
-
-Mon Sep 29 22:54:51 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/file.c (append_wstr): set expanded length, not length of
-	  appended string.  fix "probable buffer overflow" bug.
-	  [ruby-core:65317] [Bug #10304]
-
-	* string.c (str_make_independent_expand): drop NOFREE flag after
-	  reallocation, static buffer is not pointed anymore.
-	  [ruby-core:65317] [Bug #10304]
-
-Sun Sep 28 23:59:17 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_gcdebug_print_obj_condition): use RVALUE_REMEMBERED
-	  because GET_HEAP_REMEMBERSET_BITS is obsoleted.
-
-Sun Sep 28 11:14:14 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* common.mk: Created new target update-unicode to download
-	  some Unicode data files.
-
-Fri Sep 26 15:03:19 2014  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb: raise URI::InvalidURIError when
-	  uri doesn't respond to #to_str. [ruby-core:64453] [Bug #10150]
-
-	* test/uri/test_parser.rb: test for above.
-
-Sat Sep 27 10:31:48 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* gems/bundled_gems: upgraded to power_assert 0.1.4.
-
-Fri Sep 26 12:52:36 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_write): ASCII-8BIT StringIO
-	  should be writable any encoding strings, without conversion.
-	  [ruby-core:65240] [Bug #10285]
-
-Fri Sep 26 05:21:01 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* object.c (rb_class_real): do not dereference 0 VALUE
-
-	* test/ruby/test_module.rb (test_inspect_segfault):
-	  Test case and bug report by Thomas Stratmann.
-	  [ruby-core:65214] [Bug #10282]
-
-Fri Sep 26 05:12:10 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* man/ruby.1: document stack size env variables
-	  [Feature #10197]
-
-Thu Sep 25 19:37:34 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* io.c (free_io_buffer): new function for a common pattern
-	  (clear_readconv): use free_io_buffer
-	  (rb_io_fptr_finalize): ditto
-
-Thu Sep 25 07:51:07 2014  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Fix docs. Patched by Ben Woodall. [GH-726]
-
-Wed Sep 24 19:04:04 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* enc/unicode/data: New directory for downloaded Unicode
-	  data files.
-
-Wed Sep 24 18:59:59 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* tool/downloader.rb: Adjusting example for
-	  Downloader.download to implementation changes in r47693.
-
-Wed Sep 24 18:06:06 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* tool/downloader.rb: Removing unused method
-	  Downloader.download_if_modified_since.
-	  (if ever used, just replace with Downloader.download)
-
-Wed Sep 24 17:59:59 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* tool/downloader.rb: Fixing raise after return.
-
-Wed Sep 24 17:55:55 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* tool/downloader.rb: Made Unicode data file location available
-	  via :unicode Symbol.
-
-Wed Sep 24 10:45:45 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* tool/downloader.rb: Small fix to documentation comment.
-
-Tue Sep 23 22:00:20 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parse_ident): just after a label, new expression should
-	  start, cannot be a modifier.  [ruby-core:65211] [Bug #10279]
-
-Tue Sep 23 16:07:07 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* tool/downloader.rb: added Downloader.download_if_modified_since
-	  to reduce downloads of large files that change only rarely.
-	  [ruby-core:65164] [CommonRuby - Feature #10084]
-
-Tue Sep 23 11:55:09 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* .travis.yml: added rubyspec into travis tasks and eliminate to stdout.
-
-Mon Sep 22 20:00:29 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_variant.rb
-	  (test_conversion_time2date_with_msec): test by using only
-	  assert_in_delta  to avoid to fail when converting Time object with
-	  999999999 nanoseconds into VT_DATE Variant.
-
-Mon Sep 22 19:49:12 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc: [DOC] [] and []= methods by @process
-	  [Fixes GH-662] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/662
-
-Mon Sep 22 18:21:35 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* .travis.yml: Only osx build is enabled. linux builds is random failure
-	  and test results of major linux is covered by rubyci.
-
-Mon Sep 22 12:10:29 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_time_tz.rb: Fix test error with tzdata-2014g.
-	  [ruby-core:65058] [Bug #10245] Reported by Vit Ondruch.
-
-Mon Sep 22 09:28:43 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/ancdata.c ({send,recv}msg_args_struct): 24 => 16 bytes
-	* ext/socket/init.c (connect_arg): ditto
-	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (getnameinfo_arg): 56 => 48 bytes
-	  (reductions only for 64-bit systems)
-
-Mon Sep 22 02:04:25 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/drb/drb.rb: Support graceful shutdown.
-	  (DRbTCPSocket#initialize): Create a pipe for shutdown notification.
-	  (DRbTCPSocket#close): Invoke close_shutdown_pipe.
-	  (DRbTCPSocket#close_shutdown_pipe): New private method.
-	  (DRbTCPSocket#accept): Use accept_or_shutdown.
-	  (DRbTCPSocket#accept_or_shutdown): New private method which returns
-	  nil on shutdown.
-	  (DRbServer#stop_service): Use shutdown instead of Thread#kill.
-	  (DRbServer#run): Break infinite loop when main_loop returns nil.
-	  (DRbServer#main_loop): @protocol.accept may return nil.
-
-	* lib/drb/ssl.rb: Follow above change.
-
-	* lib/drb/unix.rb: Ditto.
-
-Sun Sep 21 13:54:36 2014  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* time.c: raise exception when minutes of utc_offset is out of 00-59.
-	  patch is from Kenichi Kamiya.
-	  [ruby-dev:47539] [Bug #8679]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_time.rb: test for above.
-	  patch is from Kenichi Kamiya.
-
-Sun Sep 21 19:04:08 2014  Narihiro Nakamura <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* st.c (do_hash_bin): unused macro.
-
-Sun Sep 21 18:45:01 2014  Narihiro Nakamura <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_class_nest): unused variable after YARV
-	  merged (r11439).
-
-Sun Sep 21 18:14:03 2014  Narihiro Nakamura <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* st.c (numberof): unused. internal.h has same macro.
-
-	* node.c (F_CUSTOM2): unused.
-
-Sun Sep 21 14:11:23 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_set_thread_name): New function to
-	  set thread name visible with ps command on GNU/Linux.
-	  Ex. ps -o %c -L
-
-	* thread.c (thread_start_func_2): Call native_set_thread_name at
-	  beginning.
-	  (rb_thread_inspect_msg): Extract from rb_thread_inspect.
-
-Sun Sep 21 12:49:11 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_defined_string): trim redundant semi-colon
-
-Sun Sep 21 12:19:29 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_find_file_ext_safe): clear tmp buffer on failure
-	  (rb_find_file_safe): ditto
-
-Sat Sep 20 04:42:18 2014  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/csv.rb: avoid unnecessary object allocations.
-	  patch is from Andrew Vit. [ruby-core:63215] [Feature #9952]
-
-Sun Sep 21 12:10:18 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rexml/**/*.rb: removed commented-out code.
-
-Sat Sep 20 03:46:58 2014  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* array.c: use rb_equal_opt() for performance improvement.
-	  [ruby-core:64954] [Feature #10227]
-
-Sun Sep 21 11:16:56 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (rbtime2vtdate, vtdate2rbtime): fix
-	  the bug in conversion of milliseconds. [Bug #10258]
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_variant.rb
-	  (test_conversion_dbl2date_with_msec,
-	  test_conversion_time2date_with_msec): use assert_in_delta instead
-	  of assert_equal to treat an acceptable error range.
-
-Sun Sep 21 11:03:32 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* signal.c (ruby_signal): although "EINVAL from sigaction(2) is
-	  not a bug", but even it is a failure.  pointed at toRuby/guRuby
-	  in RubyHiroba.
-
-Sat Sep 20 03:00:26 2014  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/tempfile.rb: define parameters appropriately and some
-	  refactoring.
-
-	* lib/tmpdir.rb: ditto.
-
-Sat Sep 20 23:58:21 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* enum.c (enum_chunk): Deprecate the state management.
-	  (enum_slice_before): Ditto.
-
-Sat Sep 20 15:39:11 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* enum.c (enum_slice_when): New method: Enumerable#slice_when.
-	  (slicewhen_i): New function.
-	  (slicewhen_ii): New function.
-
-	* enumerator.c (InitVM_Enumerator): New method:
-	  Enumerator::Lazy#slice_when.
-
-	  [ruby-core:62499] [Feature #9826]
-
-Sat Sep 20 11:55:19 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* .travis.yml: added new configurations for osx on travis ci.
-	  [fix GH-723]
-	* test/ruby/test_object.rb: tweaked to memory leak limit for osx build.
-
-Sat Sep 20 10:48:41 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (assoc): allow quoted ID as a key of a hash literal.
-	  [ruby-core:34453] [Feature #4276]
-
-Sat Sep 20 10:23:00 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_set_arguments): store local variable IDs in
-	  temporary list as Symbols.  previously these are stored as
-	  Fixnums to prevent from GC, but IDs of dynamic symbols can
-	  exceed Fixnum range and cause RangeError at inverting from
-	  Fixnum.  [ruby-dev:48564] [Bug #10266]
-
-Sat Sep 20 10:02:51 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/x509.rb (OpenSSL::X509::Name#pretty_print):
-	  New method.
-	  (OpenSSL::X509::Certificate#pretty_print): Ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/bn.rb (OpenSSL::BN#pretty_print): Ditto.
-
-Sat Sep 20 07:55:57 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (eval_string_with_cref): fix super from eval with
-	  scope.  set klass in the current control frame to the class of
-	  the receiver in the context to be evaluated, this class/module
-	  must match the actual receiver to call super.
-	  [ruby-core:65122] [Bug #10263]
-
-Fri Sep 19 20:06:00 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* symbol.c (rb_str_dynamic_intern): check if the stem ID of
-	  attrset ID is already registered as a static ID.
-	  [ruby-dev:48559] [Bug #10259]
-
-Fri Sep 19 15:48:09 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (VCSUP): nothing to do if this worktree is not
-	  under any VCS (it means that the worktree may be from the release
-	  package).
-
-Fri Sep 19 10:47:03 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_math.rb (TestMath#assert_infinity): Float#finite?
-	  returns true also for NaN, so use Float#infinite? instead.
-	  [ruby-core:65117] [Feature #10261]
-
-Fri Sep 19 05:36:16 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* NEWS: note --with-jemalloc option [ci skip]
-
-Thu Sep 18 16:26:27 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_setup_command.rb: @ui uses StringIO
-	  as its streams, and Encoding.default_external does not effect to
-	  StringIOs already exist.  so, we need to set external_encoding of
-	  @ui.outs directly.  this problem (test failure) does not appear in
-	  the environments default_external is us-ascii or utf-8.
-
-Thu Sep 18 15:02:15 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem_specification.rb: '/' is not always the root.
-
-Thu Sep 18 09:36:37 2014  Scott Francis  <scott.francis@shopify.com>
-
-	* vm_method.c (Init_Method): make global method cache size
-	  configurable by environment variable
-	  "RUBY_GLOBAL_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE"  [Fix GH-719]
-
-Thu Sep 18 07:03:36 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* test/-ext-/string/test_modify_expand.rb: increase limit
-	  for {je,tc}malloc [Bug #10236]
-
-Thu Sep 18 06:41:18 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (struct gzfile): pack (288 => 272 bytes) on 64-bit
-
-Thu Sep 18 05:44:05 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_connect): refactor for blocking
-	  (wait_connectable): clear error before wait
-	  [Bug #9356]
-
-Wed Sep 17 23:12:36 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb: specify a regexp for :OPAQUE; generic.rb
-	  assumes it is present, and will refuse all values otherwise.
-	  by Matthew Draper <matthew@trebex.net>
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/718 fix GH-718
-
-Wed Sep 17 16:22:58 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (zlib_mem_alloc): check overflow
-
-Wed Sep 17 11:33:35 2014  Laurent Arnoud  <laurent@spkdev.net>
-
-	* test/fiddle/test_import.rb (Fiddle::TestImport#test_sizeof):
-	  added test for long long [fix GH-716]
-
-Wed Sep 17 11:09:21 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb: fixed invalid options with latest rubygems.
-	  https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/issues/1013
-
-Tue Sep 16 19:19:00 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_app_aobench.rb: update outdated links to the
-	  original program.  [ruby-dev:48550] [Feature #10247]
-
-Tue Sep 16 01:06:40 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* reg*.c: Merge Onigmo 5.15.0 38a870960aa7370051a3544
-
-Mon Sep 15 16:21:10 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* io.c (struct io_advise_struct): 32 => 24 bytes on 64-bit
-	* io.c (struct io_internal_writev_struct): 24 => 16 bytes on 64-bit
-	* process.c (struct waitpid_arg): ditto
-
-Mon Sep 15 10:29:25 2014  Natalie Weizenbaum  <nweiz@google.com>
-
-	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb (SAME_PATHS):
-	  Pathname#relative_path_from uses String#casecmp to compare strings
-	  on case-insensitive filesystem platforms (e.g., Windows). This can
-	  return nil for strings with different encodings, and the code
-	  previously assumed that it always returned a Fixnum.  [Fix GH-713]
-
-Mon Sep 15 09:43:18 2014  Sho Hashimoto  <sho.hsmt@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/import.rb (Fiddle::Importer#sizeof): fix typo,
-	  SIZEOF_LONG_LON.  [Fix GH-714]
-
-Mon Sep 15 08:13:40 2014  Matthew Draper  <matthew@trebex.net>
-
-	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): rational 'f' format works for more
-	  values.  [fix GH-717]
-
-Sun Sep 14 16:57:27 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* template/vm.inc.tmpl: "insns.c" => "insns.def"
-	* tool/instruction.rb: typo fix
-
-Sun Sep 14 12:29:52 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/test_tracer.rb: fixed testcase for rubygems update.
-
-Sun Sep 14 12:29:02 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems 2.4.1 master(713ab65)
-	  Complete history at:
-	  https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/blob/master/History.txt#L3-L216
-
-	* test/rubygems:  ditto.
-
-Sun Sep 14 11:03:24 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: update version
-	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: ditto
-
-Sun Sep 14 08:43:37 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ccan/container_of/container_of.h (container_of_or_null): added
-	  [ccan 7ec5b8e06b2fd5fa98b1fcde1158c286d2d429d8] (David Gibson)
-
-Sun Sep 14 08:41:44 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ccan/list/list.h (list_del_init, list_node_init): new functions
-	  for multiple list_del() calls
-	  [ccan ec8654d94d3c5c47aa5f82698f7e8048c79765b1] (Rusty Russell)
-
-Sat Sep 13 22:19:26 2014  Bernard Potocki  <bernard.potocki@imanel.org>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_aset): fix misleading example which may suggest
-	  that Hash.store will return self instead of value - Hash#store
-	  is returning value and update itself, as well as Hash#[]=.
-	  [Fix GH-715]
-
-Sat Sep 13 15:16:31 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* class.c: use ALLOC(rb_subclass_entry_t)
-
-Sat Sep 13 14:14:00 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* process.c (free_exec_arg): remove
-	  (memsize_exec_arg): ptr is never NULL
-	  (exec_arg_data_type): use RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE
-
-	* variable.c (autoload_i_free): remove
-	  (autoload_data_i_type): use RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE
-	  (autoload_memsize): ptr is never NULL
-
-	* vm_backtrace.c (location_free): remove
-	  (location_mark): ptr is never NULL
-	  (location_data_type): use RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE
-	  (backtrace_mark): ditto
-	  (backtrace_free): ditto
-
-Sat Sep 13 13:43:07 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* doc/NEWS-2.0.0: fix typo for default RUBY_FIBER_MACHINE_STACK_SIZE
-	  [ci skip]
-
-Sat Sep 13 11:16:58 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_event.c(ev_advise, ole_event_free,
-	  fev_s_allocate, fev_unadvise): avoid segmentation fault when COM
-	  server freed before calling Unadvise from WIN32OLE_EVENT object.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: ditto.
-
-Sat Sep 13 09:47:44 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* man/ruby.1: use https for *.ruby-lang.org links
-
-Sat Sep 13 06:31:23 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm.c (thread_alloc): remove needless volatile
-
-Sat Sep 13 06:13:55 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* proc.c (proc_free): remove, use RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE
-	  (proc_mark, proc_memsize): remove needless branching
-
-	* vm.c (env_free): remove, use RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE
-	  (env_mark, env_memsize): remove needless branching
-
-Sat Sep 13 05:52:15 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* proc.c (rb_proc_alloc): inline and move to vm.c
-	  (rb_proc_wrap): new wrapper function used by rb_proc_alloc
-	  (proc_dup): simplify alloc + copy + wrap operation
-	  [ruby-core:64994]
-
-	* vm.c (rb_proc_alloc): new inline function
-	  (rb_vm_make_proc): call rb_proc_alloc
-
-	* vm_core.h: remove rb_proc_alloc, add rb_proc_wrap
-
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_newlambda.rb: short test to show difference
-
-Sat Sep 13 04:40:04 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* process.c (Init_process): subclass Thread as Process::Waiter
-	  (rb_detach_process): use Process::Waiter instead of singleton class
-	  Thanks to headius and nobu. [Bug #10231]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_process_detach): new test
-
-	* inits.c (rb_call_inits): call Init_Thread before Init_process to
-	  ensure Process::Waiter may be a subclass of Thread
-
-Fri Sep 12 18:14:28 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm.c (env_alloc): inline to avoid extra zeroing
-	  tiny speedup [ruby-core:64980]
-
-Fri Sep 12 17:13:29 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_make, remove_method): ditto.
-
-Fri Sep 12 14:39:55 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* gems/bundled_gems: Upgraded to test-unit-3.0.1 and minitest-5.4.1
-
-Fri Sep 12 06:55:40 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* string.c (Init_frozen_strings): use st_init_table_with_size
-
-Fri Sep 12 06:15:37 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (sym_find): remove Symbol.find because we have Symbol GC now.
-	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby/wiki/DevelopersMeeting20140904Japan
-	  If you still want this, request again on Redmine. [Feature #7854]
-	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/7854
-
-	* ext/-test-/symbol/init.c (sym_find): moved from string.c for tests.
-
-Fri Sep 12 04:24:03 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* insns.def (once): define and use fake RUNNING_THREAD_ONCE_DONE
-	  pointer to indicate is->once.running_thread is done.
-
-	* vm_core.h (iseq_inline_storage_entry): remove done field,
-	  allowing the union to be reduced from 24=>16 bytes on 64-bit
-	  [Feature #10187]
-
-Thu Sep 11 20:10:00 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm.c (rb_thread_mark): use rb_gc_mark_values() to mark VM stack.
-
-Thu Sep 11 19:50:57 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm.c (rb_vm_register_special_exception): make new function to
-	  make and register special exceptions.
-
-	* vm.c (rb_vm_mark): do not need to mark special exceptions
-	  because they are registered by rb_gc_register_mark_object().
-
-	* eval.c (Init_eval): use rb_vm_register_special_exception().
-
-	* gc.c (Init_GC): ditto.
-
-	* proc.c (Init_Proc): ditto.
-
-	* thread.c (Init_Thread): ditto.
-
-Thu Sep 11 19:32:30 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_gc_mark_values): added.
-	  This function is similar to rb_gc_mark_locations(), but not
-	  conservative.
-
-	* internal.h: ditto.
-
-	* vm.c (env_mark): use rb_gc_mark_values() because env values should
-	  be Ruby VALUEs.
-
-Thu Sep 11 19:16:39 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_mark_ptr): rename to gc_mark_set.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_mark): add gc_mark_ptr() to skip is_markable_object()
-	  check. gc_mark_maybe() can use gc_mark_ptr() directly because
-	  passed pointer is checked by is_pointer_to_heap().
-
-Thu Sep 11 18:40:16 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* .gitignore: ignored temporary files and coverage results.
-
-Thu Sep 11 18:15:30 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* .gitignore: ignored only simplecov.
-	* coverage/README: Added coverage docs.
-
-Thu Sep 11 17:25:31 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h, gc.c: add new internal events
-	  RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_GC_ENTER and
-	  RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_GC_EXIT.
-
-	  When invoking GC process, GC_ENTER event is called.
-	  When exiting from GC process, GC_EXIT event is called.
-
-	  Incremental GC (incremental marking and lazy sweep) can call
-	  these events many times.
-
-	  For example (minor marking):
-	  (1) GC_ENTER
-	  - (2) GC_START (minor GC)
-	    (minor marking)
-	  - (3) GC_END_MARK
-	    (start lazy sweep)
-	  (4) GC_EXIT
-	    (ruby process)
-	  (5) GC_ENTER
-	    (lazy sweep)
-	  (6) GC_EXIT
-	    (ruby process)
-	    (... repeat (5), (6))
-	  (7) GC_ENTER
-	      (finish lazy sweep)
-	    - (8) GC_END_SWEEP
-	  (9) GC_EXIT
-
-	  2nd example (incremental major marking):
-	  (1) GC_ENTER
-	  - (2) GC_START (minor GC)
-	    (start incremental marking)
-	  (3) GC_EXIT
-	    (ruby process)
-	  (4) GC_ENTER
-	    (incremental marking)
-	  (5) GC_EXIT
-	     (ruby process)
-	     (... repeat (4), (5))
-	  (6) GC_ENTER
-	    (finish incremental marking)
-	  - (7) GC_END_MARK
-	    (start lazy sweep)
-	  (8) GC_EXIT
-	    (ruby process)
-	  (9) GC_ENTER
-	    (lazy sweep)
-	  (10) GC_EXIT
-	    (ruby process)
-	    (... repeat (9), (10))
-	  (11) GC_ENTER
-	    (finish lazy marking)
-	  - (12) GC_STOP_SWEEP
-	  (13) GC_EXIT
-
-	  These internal events enable to measure GC pause time completely.
-
-Thu Sep 11 17:04:54 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* lib/benchmark.rb: remove CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW support
-	  Thanks to Vit Ondruch for reporting the issue on ARM.
-	  [Bug #10202]
-
-Thu Sep 11 14:31:57 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h: freeze nil/true/false.
-	  [Feature #8923]
-
-	* gc.c (should_be_finalizable): check frozen after checkin FL_ABLE.
-
-	* object.c (rb_obj_taint): check
-	  OBJ_TAINTABLE(obj).
-
-	* object.c (rb_obj_freeze): remove immediate_frozen_tbl
-	  because all of immediate values are frozen. YAY!
-
-	* object.c (rb_obj_frozen_p): ditto.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_eval.rb: skip instance_variable_set for
-	  frozen objects.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_weakmap.rb: check ArgumentError instead of
-	  RuntimeError.
-
-Thu Sep 11 10:03:16 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rdoc.rb, lib/rdoc, test/rdoc: Update to RDoc 4.2.0.alpha(21b241a)
-
-Wed Sep 10 17:52:25 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* compile.c (rb_vm_addr2insn): rename to rb_vm_insn_addr2insn
-	  to clear what address.
-
-Wed Sep 10 16:22:26 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: fix condition.
-
-Wed Sep 10 15:29:46 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_call_info_t): ci->flag becomes 32-bit unsigned int
-	  ci->index becomes a 32-bit signed int (from signed long).
-	  Reorder for better packing on 64-bit, giving an 8 byte reduction
-	  from 104 to 96 bytes for each ci.
-	  [Feature #10187]
-
-	* compile.c (new_callinfo, setup_args, iseq_compile_each,
-	  iseq_build_from_ary_body): adjust for type changes
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_getivar): ditto
-
-Wed Sep 10 15:07:35 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* compile.c (rb_iseq_translate_threaded_code):
-	  modify in-place w/o copy
-	  (rb_vm_addr2insn): new function for debug
-	  (rb_iseq_original_iseq): ditto
-	  (iseq_set_sequence): assign iseq_encoded directly
-	  [Feature #10185]
-
-	* vm_core (rb_iseq_t): move original ->iseq to bottom
-
-	* iseq.c (iseq_free, iseq_free): adjust for new layout
-	  (rb_iseq_disasm): use original iseq for dump
-	  (iseq_data_to_ary): ditto
-	  (rb_iseq_line_trace_each): ditto
-	  (rb_iseq_build_for_ruby2cext): use iseq_encoded directly
-
-	* vm_dump.c (rb_vmdebug_debug_print_pre): use original iseq
-
-Wed Sep 10 15:00:11 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* time.c (time_mark): remove NULL check
-	  (time_memsize): ditto
-	  (time_free): remove, use RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE instead
-	  [Feature #10219]
-
-Wed Sep 10 14:14:57 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (encs enc trans libencs libenc libtrans): force to run
-	  enk.mk because common.mk does not know the dependency, but enk.mk
-	  knows. [ruby-dev:48530] [Bug #10220]
-
-Wed Sep 10 11:59:10 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_stat): update rdoc.
-
-Wed Sep 10 11:52:08 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): rename:
-	  * malloc_increase -> malloc_increase_bytes
-	  * malloc_limit -> malloc_increase_bytes_limit
-	  * oldmalloc_increase -> oldmalloc_increase_bytes
-	  * oldmalloc_limit -> oldmalloc_increase_bytes_limit
-	  ref: [Feature #9924]
-
-Wed Sep 10 11:45:40 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): rename `heap_used' to `heap_allocated_pages'.
-	  ref: [Feature #9924]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: add constraints test for gc stat information.
-
-Wed Sep 10 11:31:16 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): rename:
-	  * remembered_shady_object -> remembered_wb_unprotected_objects
-	  * remembered_shady_object_limit -> remembered_wb_unprotected_objects_limit
-	  * old_object -> old_objects
-	  * old_object_limit -> old_objects_limit
-	  ref: [Feature #9924]
-
-Wed Sep 10 11:12:25 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): support:
-	  * total_allocated_pages
-	  * total_freed_pages
-	  ref: [Feature #9924]
-
-Wed Sep 10 10:48:04 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: catch up last fix.
-
-Wed Sep 10 10:36:08 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (objspace_total_slot): rename objspace_available_slots.
-
-	* gc.c (objspace_live_slot, objspace_free_slot): rename
-	  ..._slot() to ..._slots().
-
-	* gc.c (objspace_free_slot): should subtract heap_pages_final_slots.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal):
-	  * add `heap_available_slots' field
-	  * rename heap_live_slot to heap_live_slots
-	  * rename heap_free_slot to heap_free_slots
-	  ref: [Feature #9924]
-
-Wed Sep 10 07:22:53 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: refactoring for RGENGC_PROFILE > 0.
-
-	  * rename rb_objspace_t::profile::..._count
-	    to rb_objspace_t::profile::total_..._count
-	  * rename promote_infant_types to promote_types
-
-	* gc.c (gc_remember_unprotected): count remembered shady objects here.
-
-Wed Sep 10 03:12:12 2014  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (init_mark_stack): MEMZERO() receive type as 2nd argument instead
-	  of size.
-	  Coverity Scan found this bug.
-
-Tue Sep  9 21:55:39 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/sample/excel2.rb: remove some commented-out code.
-	  rotate graph more slowly to see graph clearly.
-
-Tue Sep  9 19:52:33 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: rename rb_objspace_t::marked_objects to marked_slots.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_marks_start): should be clear first.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_marks_start): remembered shady objects are also marked.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): add heap_marked_slots.
-
-Tue Sep  9 18:58:48 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: rename
-	  * total_allocated_object_num -> total_allocated_objects
-	  * total_allocated_object_num_at_gc_start -> total_allocated_objects_at_gc_start
-	  * total_freed_object_num -> total_freed_objects
-
-	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal):
-	  * rename total_allocated_object -> total_allocated_objects
-	  * rename total_freed_object -> total_freed_objects
-
-Tue Sep  9 18:51:36 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): fix symbol names
-	  * heap_final_slot -> heap_final_slots
-	  * heap_swept_slot -> heap_swept_slots
-
-Tue Sep  9 18:18:07 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_objspace_t::heap_pages): rename field names:
-	  * used -> allocated_pages
-	  * increment -> allocatable_pages
-	  * length -> sorted_length
-	  And remove unused `limit' field.
-
-	* gc.c: rename macros:
-	  * heap_pages_used -> heap_allocated_pages
-	  * heap_pages_length -> heap_pages_sorted_length
-	  * heap_pages_increment -> heap_allocatable_pages
-
-	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): fix symbol names
-	  * heap_used -> heap_allocated_pages
-	  * heap_eden_page_length -> heap_eden_pages
-	  * heap_tomb_page_length -> heap_tomb_pages
-	  * heap_increment -> heap_allocatable_pages
-	  * heap_length -> heap_sorted_length
-
-	  ref: [Feature #9924]
-	  https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11Ua4uBr6o0k-nORrZLEIIUkHJ9JRzRR0NyZfrhEEnc8/edit?usp=sharing
-	  Yellow color fields in this table are changed.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: catch up this change.
-
-Tue Sep  9 14:56:03 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: continue layout changing.
-
-	  newobj_of() also touch:
-	  (4) increment total_allocated_object_num
-	  (5) check hook_events
-
-	  And gather fields related to marking phase.
-
-Tue Sep  9 14:21:50 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: fix layout of rb_objspace_t to improve cache locality.
-
-	  newobj_of() accesses:
-	  (1) rb_objspace_t::flags
-	  (2) rb_objspace_t::eden_heap::freelist
-	  (3) and rb_objspace_t::eden_heap::free_pages if freelist is NULL.
-
-Tue Sep  9 14:09:36 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: move rb_objspace_t::flags::gc_stressful after during_gc
-	  to make accessing both parameters easy.
-
-	* gc.c (heap_get_freeobj): add LIKELY() hint.
-
-	* gc.c (heap_get_freeobj_from_next_freepage): ditto.
-
-	* gc.c (newobj_of): check both parameters at once for exceptional
-	  case.
-
-Tue Sep  9 13:51:32 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: add rb_objspace_t::flags::gc_stressful and
-	  ruby_gc_stressful macro.
-	  Rename objspace->gc_stress to objspace->gc_stress_mode.
-
-	  If objspace->gc_stress_mode is true (!nil and !false) then
-	  ruby_gc_stressful becomes TRUE.
-
-	  ruby_gc_stressful will speedup newobj_of() slightly.
-
-	* gc.c: initialize ruby_gc_stress(full|_mode) by gc_params.gc_stress
-	  even if ENABLE_VM_OBJSPACE is false.
-
-Tue Sep  9 13:05:50 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: remove ruby_disable_gc_stress and add ruby_disable_gc
-	  to speed-up newobj_of().
-
-	* gc.c (ready_to_gc): check ruby_disable_gc.
-
-	* signal.c: use ruby_disable_gc.
-
-Tue Sep  9 12:11:41 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: rename gc_stat entries and check stat transition.
-
-Tue Sep  9 12:06:03 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_sweep_rest): remove wrong modification of during_gc flag.
-
-Tue Sep  9 11:39:41 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: pack boolean values into rb_objspace_t::flags with bit fields
-	  to improve cache locality.
-
-Tue Sep  9 11:11:05 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_object.rb: extend timeout.
-
-Tue Sep  9 09:02:07 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#pkg_config): append --cflags to also
-	  $CXXFLAGS, as they are often used by C++ compiler.
-	  [ruby-core:54532] [Bug #8315]
-
-Tue Sep  9 07:03:22 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* compile.c: remove needless SYM2ID <-> ID2SYM conversions
-	  [misc #10207]
-
-Tue Sep  9 05:48:42 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* symbol.c (rb_intern_cstr_without_pindown): check dsymbol on return
-	  This is not a complete fix for bug 10206, but seems to reduce
-	  that crash and also looks correct.
-
-Tue Sep  9 04:36:24 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_env_t): use flexible array
-	  This reduces allocations and speeds up the lambda calculus
-	  fizzbuzz (bm_app_lc_fizzbuzz.rb) benchmark [ruby-core:64858]
-	* proc.c (get_local_variable_ptr): deconst to adjust for flex array
-	* vm.c (env_mark, env_free, env_memsize): remove check for env->env
-	* vm.c (env_alloc): single allocation for flex array
-	* vm.c (vm_make_env_each): adjust env_alloc call
-
-Mon Sep  8 16:08:22 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_app_lc_fizzbuzz.rb: should skip output on benchmark.
-
-Mon Sep  8 16:04:02 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_app_lc_fizzbuzz.rb: `answer.to_a' does not return
-	  a string, but an array.
-
-Mon Sep  8 13:18:37 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_app_lc_fizzbuzz.rb: added.
-
-	  This program is described closely in "Understanding Computation"
-	  chapter 6 by Tom Stuart. <http://computationbook.com/>
-
-	  Japanese translation will be published soon.
-	  <http://www.oreilly.co.jp/books/9784873116976/>
-
-Mon Sep  8 12:01:39 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: add incremental GC algorithm. [Feature #10137]
-
-	  Please refer this ticket for details.
-
-	  This change also introduces the following changes.
-
-	  * Remove RGENGC_AGE2_PROMOTION and introduce object age (0 to 3).
-	    Age can be count with FL_PROMOTE0 and FL_PROMOTE1 flags in
-	    RBasic::flags (2 bit). Age == 3 objects become old objects.
-	  * WB_PROTECTED flag in RBasic to WB_UNPROTECTED bitmap.
-	  * LONG_LIVED bitmap to represent living objects while minor GCs
-	    It specifies (1) Old objects and (2) remembered shady objects.
-	  * Introduce rb_objspace_t::marked_objects which counts marked
-	    objects in current marking phase. marking count is needed to
-	    introduce incremental marking.
-	  * rename mark related function and sweep related function to
-	    gc_(marks|sweep)_(start|finish|step|rest|continue).
-	  * rename rgengc_report() to gc_report().
-	  * Add obj_info() function to get cstr of object details.
-	  * Add MEASURE_LINE() macro to measure execution time of specific line.
-	  * and many small fixes.
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h: add flag USE_RINCGC.
-	  Now USE_RINCGC can be set only with USE_RGENGC.
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h: introduce FL_PROMOTED0 and add FL_PROMOTED1
-	  to count object age.
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h: rewrite write barriers for incremental marking.
-
-	* debug.c: catch up flag name changes.
-
-	* internal.h: add rb_gc_writebarrier_remember() instead of
-	  rb_gc_writebarrier_remember_promoted().
-
-	* array.c (ary_memcpy0): use rb_gc_writebarrier_remember().
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_modify): ditto.
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_keys): ditto.
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_values): ditto.
-
-	* object.c (init_copy): use rb_copy_wb_protected_attribute() because
-	  FL_WB_PROTECTED is moved from RBasic::flags.
-
-	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb: catch up ObjectSpace.dump() changes.
-
-Sun Sep  7 12:47:06 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c: PTHREAD_CANCEL_DISABLE is not defined on Android.
-
-Sat Sep  6 20:59:06 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (has_privilege): The gid zero is not a privilege.
-
-Sat Sep  6 20:19:16 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (struct child_handler_disabler_state): cancelstate field
-	  added.
-	  (disable_child_handler_before_fork): Record cancelstate.
-	  (disable_child_handler_fork_parent): Restore cancelstate.
-
-Sat Sep  6 19:27:10 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (struct child_handler_disabler_state): Defined.
-
-Sat Sep  6 18:31:32 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rake.rb, lib/rake/*, test/rake/*: Update latest rake master(e47d023)
-
-Sat Sep  6 16:38:08 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variant.c (ole_val2variant_err,
-	  ole_val2variantdata, Init_win32ole_variant): support VT_ERROR
-	  variant with error code. add WIN32OLE_VARIANT::NoParam.
-	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_variant.rb(test_c_noparam,
-	  test_vt_error_noparam): ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: ditto.
-
-Sat Sep  6 11:08:52 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (arg_ambiguous_gen): fix warning message, "even" does
-	  not mean the number of spaces here.  state the place to put a
-	  space and the operator.  [ruby-core:64790] [Bug #10204]
-
-Sat Sep  6 08:44:40 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/rdoc/generator/template/darkfish/js/jquery.js: Backport
-	  rdoc/rdoc@74f60fcb04fee1778fe2694d1a0ea6513f8e67b7
-
-Sat Sep  6 08:10:44 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_readpartial_locktmp): use IO#nonblock=
-	  Old fcntl invocation may drop necessary flags on some platforms.
-
-Sat Sep  6 07:46:51 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_readpartial_locktmp): avoid EBADF
-	  [ruby-core:64773] [ruby-core:64775]
-
-Sat Sep  6 01:34:31 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (rb_f_exec): Call before_exec_async_signal_safe and
-	  after_exec_async_signal_safe around rb_exec_async_signal_safe.
-	  (rb_exec_async_signal_safe): Don't call
-	  before_exec_async_signal_safe and after_exec_async_signal_safe.
-	  (rb_exec_without_timer_thread): Call before_exec and
-	  after_exec.
-	  (disable_child_handler_fork_child): Make SIGPIPE handler SIG_DFL.
-
-Sat Sep  6 00:49:41 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* signal.c (ruby_signal): Don't set SA_SIGINFO for SIG_IGN and
-	  SIG_DFL.
-
-Fri Sep  5 21:45:33 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (disable_child_handler_before_fork): New function.
-	  (disable_child_handler_fork_parent): Ditto.
-	  (disable_child_handler_fork_child): Ditto.
-	  (retry_fork_async_signal_safe): Call above functions to disable
-	  signal handlers in child process.
-
-Fri Sep  5 21:02:54 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (handle_fork_error): Make try_gc_p argument volatile to
-	  suppress "clobbered" warning.
-
-Fri Sep  5 20:48:06 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (handle_fork_error): Don't need state_p argument.
-
-Fri Sep  5 20:35:52 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (has_privilege): Fix a return value.
-
-Fri Sep  5 19:00:40 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/shellwords.rb: proofreading documentation.
-	  [Bug #10155][ruby-core:64471]
-
-Fri Sep  5 18:34:33 2014  Laurent Arnoud  <laurent@spkdev.net>
-
-	* test/csv/test_row.rb: Added some missing tests in CSV.
-	  [fix GH-710]
-	* test/csv/test_table.rb: ditto.
-
-Fri Sep  5 12:57:52 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (has_privilege): Refine uid/gid check.
-
-Fri Sep  5 12:40:55 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* configure.in: Check sys/id.h, getuidx and getgidx for AIX.
-
-	* process.c (getresuid): Defined for AIX.
-	  (getresgid): Ditto
-	  AIX don't have getresuid/getresgid but getuidx/getgidx.
-
-Fri Sep  5 12:28:21 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (has_privilege): Fix assignments.
-
-Fri Sep  5 11:10:13 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rdoc/generator/pot/po.rb: fixed broken tests for trailing whitespace.
-	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_generator_pot.rb: ditto.
-	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_generator_pot_po.rb: ditto.
-
-Fri Sep  5 10:41:07 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_rdoc.rb (TestRDocRDoc#test_parse_file_encoding):
-	  typofix.
-
-Fri Sep  5 10:39:14 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rdoc.rb, lib/rdoc, test/rdoc: Update to RDoc 4.2.0.alpha(313287)
-
-Fri Sep  5 06:04:22 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm.c: remove unused USE_THREAD_RECYCLE [misc #10198]
-
-Fri Sep  5 00:29:08 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* configure.in (dirfd): Check function.
-
-	* dir.c (dir_fileno): New method.
-	  [ruby-dev:48265] [Feature #9880]
-
-Thu Sep  4 23:39:52 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (has_privilege): New function.
-	  (retry_fork_async_signal_safe): Don't use vfork() for privileged
-	  process.
-
-	* configure.in (getresuid): Check function.
-	  (getresgid): Ditto.
-
-Thu Sep  4 20:22:14 2014  Laurent Arnoud  <laurent@spkdev.net>
-
-	* test/pathname/test_pathname.rb: added testcase for Pathname#mountpoint?.
-	  [fix GH-709]
-
-Thu Sep  4 20:09:21 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* symbian/*: removed Symbian support.
-	  [Feature #10199][ruby-core:64725]
-	* dln.c: ditto.
-	* include/ruby/defines.h: ditto.
-	* thread_pthread.c: ditto.
-	* vm.c: ditto.
-
-Thu Sep  4 17:44:40 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* dir.c (glob_helper): use #ifdef instead of #if.
-	  gcc's -Wundef option shows warning for undefined macro.
-
-	* numeric.c (flo_is_finite_p): ditto.
-
-	* vm_dump.c (rb_vmdebug_thread_dump_state): ditto.
-
-	* vm_core.h: define VM_DEBUG_VERIFY_METHOD_CACHE to 0.
-
-Thu Sep  4 03:57:46 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* man/ruby.1: spelling fix ("bellow" => "below") [ci-skip]
-
-Thu Sep  4 03:52:16 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* man/ruby.1: add trailing slash to URLs [ci-skip]
-
-Wed Sep  3 19:10:28 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (before_fork_ruby): Renamed from before_fork.
-	  (after_fork_ruby): Renamed from after_fork.
-
-Wed Sep  3 18:56:05 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (forked_child): Removed.
-
-Wed Sep  3 16:56:07 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* object.c (rb_obj_copy_ivar): allocate no memory for empty
-	  instance variables.  [ruby-core:64700] [Bug #10191]
-
-Wed Sep  3 12:05:17 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (retry_fork_async_signal_safe): Use vfork() if available.
-	  vfork() is still faster than fork() especially when the parent
-	  process uses big memory.
-
-	  ruby -rbenchmark -e 'a = "a" * 1_000_000_000; puts Benchmark.measure { system("true") }'
-	  fork:   0.000000   0.010000   0.010000 (  0.014968)
-	  vfork:  0.000000   0.000000   0.000000 (  0.000912)
-	  on Debian sid.
-
-Wed Sep  3 11:33:08 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_pkey_rsa.rb (OpenSSL#test_sign_verify_memory_leak):
-	  added timeout into testcase for low performance environment.
-	  [Bug #9984][ruby-core:63367]
-
-Wed Sep  3 07:50:15 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* configure.in: Use AC_FUNC_FORK.
-
-	* io.c: Use HAVE_WORKING_FORK instead of HAVE_FORK.
-
-	* process.c: Ditto.
-
-Wed Sep  3 00:12:44 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (retry_fork_async_signal_safe): Don't return on in child
-	  process.
-
-Tue Sep  2 23:47:35 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (retry_fork_async_signal_safe): Specialized version of
-	  retry_fork respect to rb_fork_async_signal_safe.
-	  (retry_fork_ruby): Specialized version of retry_fork respect to
-	  rb_fork_ruby.
-	  (rb_fork_ruby): Removed.
-
-Tue Sep  2 23:26:26 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (send_child_error): Simplified.
-	  (recv_child_error): Ditto.
-
-Tue Sep  2 22:56:25 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (rb_fork_async_signal_safe): Inline rb_fork_internal.
-	  (rb_fork_ruby): Ditto.
-	  (rb_fork_internal): Removed.
-	  (chfunc_protect): Removed.
-
-Tue Sep  2 22:43:52 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_new_with_block): Set autoclose to avoid
-	  EBADF.
-
-Tue Sep  2 22:01:51 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* Makefile.in (update-coverage): Remove a never executed line.
-
-Tue Sep  2 19:48:26 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (handle_fork_error): Extracted from retry_fork.
-
-Tue Sep  2 17:02:53 2014  Vit Ondruch  <v.ondruch@tiscali.cz>
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb: fixed error of local installation.
-	  [Bug #10192][ruby-core:64702]
-
-Tue Sep  2 16:58:03 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/runner.rb: reporting test coverage for test-all with COVERAGE env.
-	  [Feature #10189][ruby-core:64681][fix GH-708]
-	* Makefile.in: added task for coverage report.
-	* common.mk: added definition of forked simplecov url.
-	* .gitignore: ignored coverage directory.
-
-Mon Sep  1 20:11:02 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (rbtime2vtdate): try to convert millisecond
-	  of Time object to millisecond of VT_DATE VARIANT.
-	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_variant.rb
-	  (test_conversion_time2date_with_msec): ditto.
-
-Sun Aug 31 16:58:49 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/benchmark.rb: Fix a syntax error.
-
-Sun Aug 31 08:46:44 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (gzfile_reset): preserve ZSTREAM_FLAG_GZFILE
-	  [Bug #10101]
-
-	* test/zlib/test_zlib.rb (test_rewind): test each_byte
-
-Sat Aug 30 19:22:47 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* symbol.c (rb_sym2id): do not return garbage object
-
-Sat Aug 30 06:39:48 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: fix NameError dumping and
-	  loading. Fixes GH #85. Thanks @brentdax for the patch!
-	* test/psych/test_exception.rb: test for fix
-
-Sat Aug 30 06:23:40 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb: fix loading strings that
-	  look like integers but have a newline. Fixes GH #189
-	* test/psych/test_string.rb: test for fix
-
-Sat Aug 30 06:10:39 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: merge keys with a hash
-	  should merge the hash in to the parent.
-	* test/psych/test_merge_keys.rb: test for change. Fixes GH #202
-
-Sat Aug 30 06:00:26 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: quoted "<<" strings
-	  should not be treated as merge keys.
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: hashes with keys
-	  containing "<<" should roundtrip.
-	* test/psych/test_merge_keys.rb: test for change. Fixes GH #203
-
-Fri Aug 29 17:56:44 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/net/imap/test_imap_response_parser.rb: removed needless code.
-
-Fri Aug 29 17:36:58 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb: removed useless assignment variables.
-	* test/rss/rss-assertions.rb: ditto.
-	* test/rss/test_maker_itunes.rb: ditto.
-
-Fri Aug 29 16:18:26 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* string.c: revert part of r47311, add rb_vm_fstring_table(),
-	  remove vm_core.h dependency. [ruby-core:64627]
-
-Fri Aug 29 15:17:13 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* string.c: remove static frozen_strings
-	* string.c (Init_frozen_strings): new function
-	* string.c (rb_fstring): remove check for frozen strings,
-	  use per-VM table
-	* string.c (rb_str_free): use per-VM table
-	* string.c (Init_String): use per-VM table
-	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_t): add frozen_strings table
-	* internal.h (Init_frozen_strings): new function prototype
-	* eval.c (ruby_setup): call Init_frozen_strings
-	  [Feature #10182]
-
-Wed Aug 27 23:10:24 2014  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/tempfile.rb: remove "require 'thread'". its features are no
-	  longer used.
-
-Wed Aug 27 21:19:40 2014  gogo tanaka  <mail@tanakakazuki.com>
-
-	* lib/drb/acl.rb: Removed meaningless #to_s methods in interpolation.
-	  [Feature #10174][ruby-core:64584]
-	* lib/erb.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/observer.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/rake/invocation_chain.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/rubygems/command_manager.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/rubygems/config_file.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/uri/common.rb: ditto.
-
-Wed Aug 27 21:08:20 2014  gogo tanaka  <mail@tanakakazuki.com>
-
-	* lib/drb/drb.rb: use attr_reader instead of Module#attr.
-	  [Feature #10172][ruby-core:64582]
-	* lib/irb/ruby-token.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/net/telnet.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/rdoc/ruby_token.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/thwait.rb: ditto.
-
-Wed Aug 27 19:52:33 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (vtdate2rbtime): try to convert millisecond
-	  of VT_DATE VARIANT to nsec of Time object.
-	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_variant.rb
-	  (test_conversion_dbl2date_with_msec): ditto.
-
-Wed Aug 27 09:57:29 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_complex.rb: removed unreachable code.
-	* test/ruby/test_rational.rb: ditto.
-
-Wed Aug 27 07:59:17 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_set_sequence): check for multiplication overflow
-
-Tue Aug 26 22:07:42 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_complex.rb: cherry-picked working assertions from r47251.
-	* test/ruby/test_rational.rb: cherry-picked working assertions from r47263.
-
-Tue Aug 26 21:07:56 2014  gogo tanaka  <mail@tanakakazuki.com>
-
-	* lib/mathn.rb (Fixnum#**, Bignum#**, Float#**, Rational#**):
-	  remove as these are now built-in.  [ruby-core:63973] [Bug #10086]
-
-Tue Aug 26 20:46:55 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* time.c (rb_time_unmagnify_to_float): Avoid double rounding.
-	  Reported by Tsuyoshi Sawada.
-	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/10135#note-1
-
-Tue Aug 26 17:12:47 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (io_close): ignore only "closed stream" IOError and
-	  NoMethodError, do not swallow other exceptions at the end of
-	  block.  [ruby-core:64463] [Bug #10153]
-
-Tue Aug 26 13:46:33 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* template/fake.rb.in: fix failed to make install when @srcdir@ is
-	  absolute path.
-
-Tue Aug 26 13:43:50 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_range.rb: added workaround for VERBOSE message.
-
-Tue Aug 26 12:38:02 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/test_mathn.rb: added workaround for VERBOSE messages.
-
-Tue Aug 26 11:44:04 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/shell/process-controller.rb: removed commented-out code.
-
-Tue Aug 26 11:39:01 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/thwait.rb (ThreadsWait): removed needless constant.
-
-Tue Aug 26 09:27:10 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/mathn.rb: mathn library is deprecated on ruby 2.2.
-	  [Feature #10169][ruby-core:64553]
-
-Tue Aug 26 09:25:03 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/mathn.rb: removed commented-out code.
-
-Mon Aug 25 20:15:50 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c(fole_s_connect, fole_initialize): raise a
-	  security error with the tainted string object.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_event.c(ev_advise): ditto.
-	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole.rb(test_s_new_exc_svr_tainted,
-	  test_s_new_exc_host_tainted): ditto.
-	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_event.rb(test_s_new_exc_tainted): ditto.
-
-Mon Aug 25 12:56:54 2014  Ivan Korunkov  <ivankorunkov@ya.ru>
-
-	* lib/logger.rb (format_datetime): use "%6N" to show microsecond.
-	  [Fix GH-704]
-
-Mon Aug 25 11:02:07 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_iseq_location_t): change first_lineno type to VALUE
-	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_build_for_ruby2cext): update based on argument
-
-Sun Aug 24 16:14:46 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/e2mmap.rb: remove needless instance variables.
-	* lib/irb.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/irb/**/*.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/shell.rb: ditto.
-
-Sun Aug 24 12:44:26 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_complex.rb: removed needless conditions.
-	* test/ruby/test_rational.rb: ditto.
-
-Sun Aug 24 11:47:39 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_rational.rb: fixed indent.
-
-Sun Aug 24 11:44:11 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_rational.rb: remove commented-out code.
-
-Sun Aug 24 11:09:29 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* lib/benchmark.rb (measure): reduce allocations as in r47260
-
-Sun Aug 24 10:35:54 2014  Pete Higgins  <pete@peterhiggins.org>
-
-	* lib/benchmark.rb (module Benchmark): define BENCHMARK_CLOCK
-	  (realtime): use Process.clock_gettime(BENCHMARK_CLOCK)
-	  Reduces allocations to improve performance [Feature #10165]
-
-	* test/benchmark/test_benchmark.rb (test_realtime_output): new test
-
-Fri Aug 22 20:23:54 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* string.c (rb_fstring): fix condition (easy to cause infinite loop!).
-
-Fri Aug 22 20:07:43 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* string.c (rb_fstring, fstr_update_callback): simply delete garbage
-	  key first.
-
-	  Garbage keys can be swept by lazy sweeping invoked by creating new
-	  fstring.  So that simply do:
-	  (1) delete garbage key and return `fstr_update_callback' immediately
-	  (2) try again `fstr_update_callback()' to create a new fstr.
-
-	  This bug can be cause memory corruption, reported by
-	  http://u64.rubyci.org/~chkbuild/ruby-trunk/log/20140821T220302Z.fail.html.gz
-
-Fri Aug 22 19:30:39 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_complex.rb: removed commented-out code.
-
-Fri Aug 22 19:25:28 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_complex.rb: fixed broken tests. Math is not
-	  compatible CMath now.
-
-Fri Aug 22 15:36:09 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (Doxyfile): revert r43888, not to require preinstalled
-	  ruby.  [ruby-core:64488] [Bug #10161]
-
-Fri Aug 22 12:32:15 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/shell.rb: removed commented-out code.
-	* lib/shell/builtin-command.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/shell/command-processor.rb: ditto.
-
-Fri Aug 22 12:21:46 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/complex.rb: removed deprecated library.
-	* lib/rational.rb: ditto.
-
-Fri Aug 22 11:38:49 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/prettyprint.rb: removed PrettyPrint#first?
-	  because it is obsoleted method since Ruby 1.8.2
-
-Thu Aug 21 17:10:31 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (constat_attr): manage reverse video internally
-	  since Windows console window does not manage it.  based on the
-	  patch by white leaf in [ruby-dev:48483].  [Bug #10158]
-
-Thu Aug 21 14:45:41 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/e2mmap.rb: removed commented-out code.
-
-Thu Aug 21 13:23:34 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rinda/ring.rb: split executable code into sample directory.
-	* sample/rinda-ring.rb: ditto.
-
-Thu Aug 21 13:21:45 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/drb/acl.rb: split executable code into sample directory.
-	* sample/drb/acl.rb: ditto.
-
-Thu Aug 21 12:55:35 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* .gitignore: ignored temporary file for Changelog.
-	  http://mkosaki.blog46.fc2.com/blog-entry-1284.html
-
-Thu Aug 21 12:40:22 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/net/imap.rb: split executable code into sample directory.
-	* sample/net-imap.rb: ditto.
-
-Thu Aug 21 12:23:56 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/net/imap.rb: removed commented-out code.
-
-Wed Aug 20 17:27:02 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS, RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS),
-	  (RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_SETJMP, RUBY_SETJMP_TYPE),
-	  (RUBY_STACK_GROW_DIRECTION): quote defun names, for some
-	  versions of autoconf possibly.  [ruby-core:64473] [Bug #10156]
-
-Tue Aug 19 22:28:32 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): fix condition to round.
-	  [ruby-core:64454] [Bug #10151]
-
-Tue Aug 19 22:22:45 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/trans/euckr-tbl.rb (EUCKR_TO_UCS_TBL): add missing euro and
-	  registered signs.  [ruby-core:64452] [Bug #10149]
-
-Tue Aug 19 13:59:43 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compar.c (rb_cmperr): preserve encodings of arguments in the
-	  message.
-
-Tue Aug 19 10:13:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/thread/thread.c (get_array): check instance variables are
-	  initialized properly.  [ruby-core:63826][Bug #10062]
-
-Mon Aug 18 17:06:27 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): support rational 'f' format.
-	  [ruby-core:64382] [Bug #10136]
-
-Mon Aug 18 08:03:46 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* spec/default.mspec: use 2.2 definition.
-
-Sun Aug 17 19:41:40 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* gc.c (obj_memsize_of): don't calculate memsize of T_NODE
-	  when called from check_gen_consistency. It fixes segmentation
-	  fault on RGENGC_CHECK_MODE >= 1 introduced by r47188.
-
-Sun Aug 17 17:08:12 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_invoke): use RHASH_SIZE instead of
-	  calling Hash#length method.
-
-Sat Aug 16 19:32:06 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_event.c (evs_length): use RARRAY_LEN instead
-	  of calling Array#length method.
-
-Sat Aug 16 10:20:17 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* time.c (time_timespec): fix tv_nsec overflow
-	  [Bug #10144]
-
-Fri Aug 15 20:34:17 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate WIN32OLE_EVENT src from
-	  win32ole.c.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_event.c: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_event.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
-
-Fri Aug 15 19:38:00 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_clone): Should not insert write barrier from
-	  non-RVALUE data (to non-RVALUE data, of course).
-
-	  Ruby 2.1 also has a same problem.
-
-Fri Aug 15 19:34:33 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* string.c (setup_fake_str): fake strings should not set class by
-	  RBASIC_SET_CLASS() because it insert write barriers to fake
-	  (non-RVALUE) structure.
-
-	  It can cause unexpected behaviour.
-
-	  Ruby 2.1 also have a same problem (setup_fake_str() in parse.y).
-
-	* symbol.c (setup_fake_str): ditto.
-
-Fri Aug 15 19:27:25 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_tmp_new_fill): added.
-	  This function creates internal use only array (which is completely
-	  hided by ObjectSpace.each_object) with filling nil.
-
-	  Otherwise, it can be includes strange VALUEs.
-
-	* internal.h: added.
-
-	* node.h: use rb_ary_tmp_new_fill() for MEMO.
-
-Fri Aug 15 10:13:37 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/gserver.rb: removed unmaintained code.
-	  [ruby-core:40313][Feature #5480]
-	* lib/xmlrpc/httpserver.rb: ditto.
-
-Fri Aug 15 09:22:12 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_thread_struct): reorder to pack
-	* cont.c (rb_context_struct, rb_fiber_struct): ditto
-	  On x86-64, these changes reduces:
-	  rb_thread_struct to 1000 bytes (from 1016)
-	  rb_context_struct to 1288 bytes (from 1312)
-	  rb_fiber_struct to 2272 bytes (from 2304)
-
-Fri Aug 15 09:06:31 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.h: define RB_NATIVETHREAD_LOCK_INIT and
-	  RB_NATIVETHREAD_COND_INIT macros
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_mutex_lock, native_mutex_unlock,
-	  native_mutex_trylock, native_mutex_initialize,
-	  native_mutex_destroy, native_cond_wait):
-	  use rb_nativethread_lock_t instead of pthread_mutex_t
-	  [Feature #10134]
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_mutex_debug): make argument type-agnostic
-	  to avoid later cast.
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (register_cached_thread_and_wait):
-	  replace PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER with RB_NATIVETHREAD_COND_INIT,
-	  use native_mutex_{lock,unlock}
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (use_cached_thread):
-	  use native_mutex_{lock,unlock}
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_sleep):
-	  use rb_nativethread_lock_t to match th->interrupt_lock,
-	  use native_mutex_{lock,unlock}
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (timer_thread_lock): use rb_nativethread_lock_t type
-
-Fri Aug 15 08:10:29 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* cont.c (cont_mark): fix typo in unused path [ci skip]
-
-Fri Aug 15 06:00:56 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm.c (rb_thread_mark): update comment about marking `me'
-	  [ruby-core:64340] [ruby-core:64341]
-
-Fri Aug 15 05:53:59 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* README.EXT: preliminary documentation for RB_GC_GUARD
-	  [Bug #10100] [ruby-core:60741]
-
-Thu Aug 14 00:26:19 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate WIN32OLE_RECORD src from
-	  win32ole.c
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_record.c: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_record.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
-
-Wed Aug 13 21:41:04 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate WIN32OLE_VARIANT src from
-	  win32ole.c.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variant.c: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variant.c: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
-
-Wed Aug 13 20:09:37 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: remove unused variable.
-
-Wed Aug 13 19:31:27 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_search_handler_method, rescue_callback,
-	  folerecord_inspect): use PRIsVALUE in rb_sprintf.
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_param.c (foleparam_inspect): ditto.
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variable.c (folevariable_inspect): use
-	  PRIsVALUE in rb_sprintf, use rb_inspect.
-
-Wed Aug 13 11:54:41 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/irb/completion.rb: reverted r47163.
-	  because another case can't be show completion target.
-
-Wed Aug 13 11:17:00 2014  Shimpei Makimoto  <github@makimoto.org>
-
-	* lib/irb.rb: Prevent irb from crashing when exception with
-	  nil backtrace is raised.
-	  [fix GH-434][ruby-core:58078][Bug #9063]
-	* test/irb/test_raise_no_backtrace_exception.rb: ditto.
-
-Wed Aug 13 11:08:55 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/irb/completion.rb: fixed broken completion list with
-	  String including spaces. Contributed from @dunric. [fix GH-465]
-
-Wed Aug 13 00:07:01 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate WIN32OLE_PARAM src from win32ole.c
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_param.c: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_param.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
-
-Tue Aug 12 23:17:47 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: refactoring. move some methods
-	  into win32ole_type.c / win32ole_method.c
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_method.c: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_method.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_type.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_type.h: ditto.
-
-Tue Aug 12 22:59:48 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: refactoring. move
-	  ole_typelib_from_itypeinfo into win32ole_typelib.c.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_typelib.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_typelib.h: ditto.
-
-Tue Aug 12 21:49:40 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_create_dcom): use the converted
-	  result if the argument can be converted to a string, to get rid
-	  of invalid access. Thanks to nobu. [ruby-dev:48467] [Bug #10127]
-
-Tue Aug 12 14:22:58 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: ignored working directory same as prefix value.
-	  [ruby-core:54999] [Bug #8409]
-
-Tue Aug 12 13:34:25 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb: enable to remove with non-owner directory.
-	  [ruby-dev:45976] [Bug #6756]
-	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb: add testcase for #6756.
-
-Tue Aug 12 12:57:28 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_exec.c: improve performance in ppc64 arch.
-	  [ruby-core:63437] [Feature #9997]
-
-Tue Aug 12 12:14:52 2014  Akira Matsuda <ronnie@dio.jp>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb: fix typo.
-	  [ruby-dev:47831] [Bug #9180]
-
-Tue Aug 12 10:10:42 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm_method.c (release_method_definition): use rb_free_method_entry
-
-Tue Aug 12 06:16:09 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate WIN32OLE_METHOD src from
-	  win32ole.c.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_method.c: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_method.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
-
-Mon Aug 11 22:19:15 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variable.c (folevariable_inspect): refactoring.
-
-Mon Aug 11 20:47:27 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate WIN32OLE_VARIABLE src from
-	  win32ole.c
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variable.c: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variable.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
-
-Mon Aug 11 16:17:21 2014  Tony Miller  <mcfiredrill@gmail.com>
-
-	* dir.c (rb_dir_exists_p): [DOC] Document that Dir.exists? is
-	  deprecated.  [ruby-core:64135] [Bug #10102]
-
-Mon Aug 11 11:26:33 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/tempfile.rb: start rdoc parsing inside singleton class
-	  definition to include the document there.
-	  [ruby-core:64157] [Bug #10105]
-
-Sun Aug 10 12:22:43 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_type.c: refactoring.
-
-Sun Aug 10 10:34:00 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/cgi/session/pstore.rb: separated sample code.
-	* lib/open3.rb: ditto.
-
-Sun Aug 10 10:03:24 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/irb/ext/multi-irb.rb: removed commented-out code.
-
-Sat Aug  9 11:02:07 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/irb.rb: removed commented-out code.
-	* lib/irb/**/*.rb: ditto.
-
-Sat Aug  9 10:35:30 2014  Laurent Arnoud  <laurent@spkdev.net>
-
-	* lib/cmath.rb: fixed indent. [fix GH-696]
-	* lib/drb/ssl.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/irb/**/*.rb: ditto.
-
-Sat Aug  9 10:28:03 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/minitest/test_minitest_unit.rb: removed obsoleted condition
-	  for Ruby 1.8.
-	* test/ruby/test_time_tz.rb: ditto.
-
-Sat Aug  9 10:18:00 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/cgi/test_cgi_core.rb: removed obsoleted condition for Ruby 1.8.
-	* test/cgi/test_cgi_header.rb: ditto.
-	* test/cgi/test_cgi_multipart.rb: ditto.
-	* test/cgi/test_cgi_tag_helper.rb: ditto.
-
-Sat Aug  9 00:34:37 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate WIN32OLE_TYPE src from win32ole.c.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_type.c: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_type.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
-
-Fri Aug  8 01:53:37 2014  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/securerandom.rb: use OpenSSL::BN for performance improvement.
-
-	* benchmark/bm_securerandom.rb: benchmark script.
-
-Fri Aug  8 17:19:57 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/open-uri.rb: remove needless condition for old ruby version.
-	* test/open-uri/test_open-uri.rb: ditto.
-
-Fri Aug  8 16:40:59 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/irb/init.rb: removed unreachable code.
-
-Fri Aug  8 16:34:22 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/drb/drb.rb: removed unreachable code.
-
-Fri Aug  8 14:33:49 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/webrick/httpproxy.rb: remove needless condition
-	  for old ruby version.
-
-Fri Aug  8 01:07:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_yylex): fix invalid char in eval, should raise
-	  an syntax error too, as well as directly coded.
-	  [ruby-core:64243] [Bug #10117]
-
-Thu Aug  7 23:25:29 2014  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/open3.rb: avoid unnecessary write if stdin_data is empty.
-
-Thu Aug  7 21:42:49 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_typelib.c (foletypelib_version): return
-	  version string.
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_typelib.rb (test_version): ditto.
-
-Thu Aug  7 15:13:13 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/cgi.rb: remove needless condition for old ruby version.
-
-Thu Aug  7 06:04:49 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_yyerror): preserve source code encoding in
-	  syntax error messages.  [ruby-core:64228] [Bug #10114]
-
-Wed Aug  6 20:56:02 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate src of WIN32OLE_TYPELIB from
-	  win32ole.c
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_typelib.c: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_typelib.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
-
-Wed Aug  6 20:44:07 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* enum.c (enum_one): [DOC] Move enum.one? documentation before the
-	  relevant method.  Submitted by @vipulnsward. [Fixes GH-687]
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/687
-
-Wed Aug  6 20:25:47 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/set.rb (Set#replace): Check if an object given is enumerable
-	  before clearing self.  Reported by yui-knk. [GH-675]
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/675
-
-Wed Aug  6 20:07:26 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (olerecord_ivar_set): remove rb_str_subseq.
-
-Wed Aug  6 19:09:27 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/set.rb (Set): Implement Set#clone by splitting
-	  initialize_copy into initialize_dup and initialize_clone.
-	  Submitted by yui-knk. [Fixes GH-661]
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/661
-
-Wed Aug  6 18:42:58 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate src of WIN32OLERuntimeError
-	  from win32ole.c.
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto
-	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_error.c: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_error.h: ditto.
-
-Wed Aug  6 04:33:58 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP.proxy_uri): use initializer instead
-	  of parser to handle IPv6 address. [Bug #9129]
-
-Wed Aug  6 04:16:05 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http/requests.rb (Net::HTTP::Options::RESPONSE_HAS_BODY):
-	  OPTIONS requests may have response bodies. [Feature #8429]
-	  http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-4.3.7
-
-Wed Aug  6 03:18:04 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http/generic_request.rb (Net::HTTP::GenericRequest#exec):
-	  handle req['host'] in update_uri.
-
-	* lib/net/http/generic_request.rb
-	  (Net::HTTP::GenericRequest#update_uri):
-	  use req['host'] if it is explicitly set. Even if URI is given,
-	  it is already used for the initial value of req['host'].
-	  Therefore overwritten value should be respected. [Bug #10054]
-
-Wed Aug  6 03:17:34 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http/generic_request.rb
-	  (Net::HTTP::GenericRequest#update_uri):
-	  handle scheme, host, and port to reflect connection to @uri.
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP#begin_transport): move trivial handling
-	  to Net::HTTP::GenericRequest#update_uri.
-
-
-Wed Aug  6 02:16:43 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http/generic_request.rb
-	  (Net::HTTP::GenericRequest#initialize):
-	  optimize object allocation.
-
-Wed Aug  6 01:16:47 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#path_query): remove a private method.
-
-Wed Aug  6 01:15:47 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#normalize!): use String#empty?
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#path_query): optimized.
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#to_s): optimized.
-
-Wed Aug  6 00:15:10 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/http.rb (URI::HTTP#request_uri): optimized.
-	  decrease object allocation, and ensure always create at least one new
-	  object for return value.
-
-Wed Aug  6 03:41:21 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: backwards compatibility for
-	  hashes emitted by Syck. Github #198
-	* test/psych/test_hash.rb: test for change.
-
-Tue Aug  5 19:27:59 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_invoke): skip VariantClear when
-	  argument is VT_RECORD variant.
-
-Tue Aug  5 15:52:51 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* gems/bundled_gems: Upgrade to test-unit-3.0.0 and minitest-5.4.0.
-
-Mon Aug  4 21:50:09 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_record.rb: add for WIN32OLE_RECORD
-	  test(need .NET Framework 3.5 to run test).
-
-Mon Aug  4 19:49:34 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_invoke): call rb_hash_foreach instead
-	  of rb_block_call.
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: add comment for rdoc of WIN32OLE_VARIANT
-	  class.
-
-Mon Aug  4 09:12:47 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* variable.c: cleanup to use rb_const_lookup
-	  [Feature #10107]
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto
-
-Sun Aug  3 10:55:07 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/encoding.h (rb_check_symbol_cstr): ditto.
-
-Sun Aug  3 10:43:08 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): unusable super class should cause
-	  method missing when BasicObject is refined but not been using.
-	  [ruby-core:64166] [Bug #10106]
-
-Sat Aug  2 23:47:45 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate WIN32OLE::VARIANT src file
-	  from win32ole.c
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variant_m.c: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variant_m.h: ditto.
-	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
-	* ext/.document: ditto.
-
-Sat Aug  2 14:34:58 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: add comments for rdoc.
-
-Sat Aug  2 10:26:57 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* object.c (rb_obj_itself): new method Object#itself.  based on the
-	  patch by Rafael Franca in [ruby-core:64156].
-	  [EXPERIMENTAL] this method may be renamed due to compatibilities.
-	  [ruby-core:44704] [Feature #6373]
-
-Fri Aug  1 22:30:40 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (folerecord_initialize): accept
-	  only 2 arguments. The 2nd argument should be WIN32OLE object or
-	  WIN32OLE_RECORD object.
-
-Fri Aug  1 20:17:33 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_variant2val): call
-	  folerecord_s_allocate instead of WIN32OLE_RECORD.new.
-
-Fri Aug  1 18:39:57 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/date/test_date.rb: remove commented-out code.
-	* test/date/test_date_arith.rb: ditto.
-	* test/date/test_date_attr.rb: ditto.
-	* test/date/test_date_parse.rb: ditto.
-
-Fri Aug  1 16:35:32 2014  Evan Miller  <evan@squareup.com>
-
-	* numeric.c (flodivmod): all results are NaN if divisor is NaN.
-	  [fix GH-692]
-
-Thu Aug 01 07:28:12 2014  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c: [DOC] Add description of
-	  `BigDecimal.new` exceptions.  Patched by @joker1007 and
-	  @prathamesh-sonpatki [Fixes GH-690]
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/690
-
-Thu Jul 31 22:20:12 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: add WIN32OLE_RECORD#inspect.
-
-Thu Jul 31 20:35:32 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: add
-	  WIN32OLE_RECORD#ole_instance_variable_set and
-	  WIN32OLE_RECORD#ole_instance_variable_get
-
-Wed Jul 30 23:28:10 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): like r47006, get rid of
-	  function calls in RSTRING_PTR().
-
-Wed Jul 30 22:10:29 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* process.c (rlimit_resource_type, rlimit_resource_value):
-	  get rid of inadvertent dynamic symbol pin-down.
-
-	* re.c (match_backref_number): ditto.
-
-	* signal.c (esignal_init, rb_f_kill, trap_signm): ditto.
-
-	* transcode.c (econv_opts): ditto.
-
-	* vm_trace.c (symbol2event_flag): ditto.
-
-Wed Jul 30 21:29:39 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_invoke): pass WIN32OLE_RECORD variant
-	  by reference when invoke OLE methods at first.
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (olerecord_set_ivar): release
-	  IRecordInfo interface before setting another IRecordInfo interface.
-
-Wed Jul 30 13:17:35 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: remove unused macros.
-
-Tue Jul 29 22:21:37 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (hash2olerec): ignore WIN32OLE_RECORD
-	  instance variable if the variable is nil.
-
-Tue Jul 29 19:43:27 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (folerecord_method_missing): refactoring.
-	  divide functionality of folerecord_method_missing into
-	  olerecord_ivar_set and olerecord_ivar_get.
-
-Mon Jul 28 20:20:08 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win23ole.c (folerecord_method_missing): support
-	  setter of member of WIN32OLE_RECORD object.
-
-Mon Jul 28 06:37:19 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* vm_eval.c: [DOC] Fix rdoc formatting of patch from [Bug #9551]
-
-Mon Jul 28 06:34:43 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* vm_eval.c: [DOC] [Bug #9551] Improve clarity of Kernel::catch
-	  documentation, patch by Jesse Sielaff.
-
-Mon Jul 28 06:24:54 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb: [DOC] [Bug #9563] Recommend using URI.escape
-	  before parsing a uri to avoid invalid characters. Reported by
-	  Evgeniy Serykh.
-
-Mon Jul 28 05:55:56 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* time.c: [DOC] Clarify %Y in strftime, which can accept any digits
-	  and will output at least 4 digits as the year. Reported by Yury
-	  Trofimenko [Bug #10049]
-
-	* lib/time.rb: ditto
-
-Mon Jul 28 05:32:06 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb: [DOC] [Bug #10075] Clarify how URI.join arguments
-	  are handled by RFC3986, originally reported by John Feminella.
-
-Mon Jul 28 05:21:41 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* file.c: [DOC] Clarify how File.file? handles symbolic links. Also
-	  cleaned up the rdoc style for this method, more to follow.
-	  Originally reported by Michael Renner [Bug #10067]
-
-Mon Jul 28 05:12:22 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* time.c: [DOC] Remove dead link and old bug report, which hasn't been
-	  reproduced in a few years. Reported by Federico Builes [Bug #10071]
-
-Mon Jul 28 04:39:58 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c: [DOC] Remove default value of Zlib constants, as
-	  they may change in the implementation without notice. Patched by
-	  @robin850 [Fixes GH-682] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/682
-
-Mon Jul 28 04:35:35 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_hmac.c: Fix NO_HMAC warning [Fixes GH-665]
-	  Patched by @vipulnsward https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/665
-
-Sun Jul 27 19:49:36 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/cgi/core.rb: remove unused variables.
-	* lib/erb.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/mkmf.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/net/http/response.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/optparse/version.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/prime.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/racc/parser.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/rexml/document.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/rexml/dtd/dtd.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/rexml/element.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/rexml/functions.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/rexml/parsers/xpathparser.rb: ditto.
-
-Sun Jul 27 05:11:21 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/irb.rb: [DOC] PROMPT_I cannot be nil, patch by @hgillane
-	  Fixes documenting-ruby/ruby#37
-	  https://github.com/documenting-ruby/ruby/pull/37
-
-Sun Jul 27 02:41:50 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/shell/command-processor.rb: remove unused variable.
-	* lib/shell/system-command.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/tmpdir.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb: ditto.
-
-Sun Jul 27 02:08:31 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/weakref.rb: split executable code into sample directory.
-	* sample/weakref.rb: ditto.
-
-Sun Jul 27 02:06:55 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/delegate.rb: split executable code into sample directory.
-	* sample/delegate.rb: ditto.
-
-Sun Jul 27 01:46:34 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* proc.c (method_super_method): [DOC] Method#super_method
-
-Sun Jul 27 01:22:39 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* proc.c (method_super_method): new method Method#super_method,
-	  which returns a method object of the method to be called by
-	  `super` in the receiver method object.
-	  [ruby-core:62202] [Feature #9781]
-
-Sat Jul 26 17:22:14 2014  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c (dump_append): avoid fflush.
-
-	  because dump_append_string_value() iterates over each chars,
-	  fflush()-ing here effectively issues system calls on every single
-	  bytes exist in a ruby process.
-
-Sat Jul 26 16:55:18 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* iseq.h (struct iseq_compile_data_storage): reduce overhead
-	  to 16 bytes (from 32) on 64-bit
-
-Sat Jul 26 16:28:06 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm_core.h (struct rb_iseq_struct): reduce to 280 bytes
-	  (from 288 bytes) on 64-bit
-
-Sat Jul 26 06:44:43 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* parse.y (struct parse_params): shrink to 320 to 304 bytes on 64-bit
-
-Sat Jul 26 05:58:35 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (ZALLOC, ZALLOC_N): implement
-	  (Data_Make_Struct, TypedData_Make_Struct):
-	  ZALLOC replaces ALLOC+memset
-	  [ruby-core:63951][Feature #10082]
-	* compile.c (iseq_seq_sequence): ZALLOC_N replaces ALLOC_N+MEMZERO
-	* cont.c (fiber_t_alloc): ZALLOC replaces ALLOC+MEMZERO
-	* io.c (rb_io_reopen): ditto
-	* iseq.c (prepare_iseq_build): ditto
-	* parse.y (new_args_tail_gen, parser_new, ripper_s_allocate): ditto
-	* re.c (match_alloc): ditto
-	* variable.c (rb_const_set): ditto
-	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (get_addrinfo): ditto
-	* ext/strscan/strscan.c (strscan_s_allocate): ditto
-	* gc.c (rb_objspace_alloc): calloc replaces malloc+MEMZERO
-
-Sat Jul 26 05:54:54 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* symbol.c (dsymbol_check): remove unneeded semi-colon
-
-Fri Jul 25 14:07:27 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: change objspace::rgengc::parent_object_is_old (boolean)
-	  to objspace::rgengc::parent_object (VALUE).
-	  Use Qfalse or RVALUE pointer instead of FALSE and TRUE.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_marks_body): should clear parent_object just before
-	  gc_mark_roots() because there are no parents objects
-	  for root objects.
-
-Fri Jul 25 13:45:39 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_gc_writebarrier_remember_promoted): should remember only
-	  OLD objects on RGENGC_AGE2_PROMOTION.
-
-Fri Jul 25 13:42:02 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_mark_stacked_objects): fix error message.
-
-Fri Jul 25 13:18:00 2014  Will Farrington  <wfarrington@digitalocean.com>
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_gethostname): Use NI_MAXHOST to support
-	  hostnames longer than 64 characters if the system supports it.
-	  [fixes GH-683]
-
-Fri Jul 25 12:21:11 2014  Santiago Pastorino  <santiago@wyeworks.com>
-
-	* compile.c (defined_expr): make the condition if the receiver
-	  is explicit or implicit cleaner.  [fix GH-681]
-
-Fri Jul 25 03:53:52 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* doc/keywords.rdoc:  [DOC] Describe each keyword.
-
-Thu Jul 24 22:40:24 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (Init_win32ole): add WIN32OLE_RECORD#initialize
-	  method.
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_val2variant): convert WIN32OLE_RECORD
-	  object to VT_RECORD variant.
-
-Thu Jul 24 20:10:59 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: fix major GC flags.
-	  * add GPR_FLAG_MAJOR_BY_FORCE, which indicates
-	    major GC by METHOD, CAPI and so on (see GC_BY).
-	  * remove GPR_FLAG_MAJOR_BY_RESCAN because not used.
-	  * remove GPR_FLAG_MAJOR_BY_STRESS, use FORCE instead.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: catch up.
-
-Thu Jul 24 15:55:02 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* include/ruby/io.h (struct rb_io_buffer_t): PACKED_STRUCT should not
-	  be used for platform-specific optimization. PACKED_STRUCT_UNALIGNED
-	  should be used. [ruby-core:63988] [Bug #10088]
-
-Thu Jul 24 04:42:13 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/benchmark.rb: split executable code into sample directory.
-	* sample/benchmark.rb: ditto.
-
-Thu Jul 24 04:36:49 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/tempfile.rb: split executable code into sample directory.
-	* sample/tempfile.rb: ditto.
-
-Thu Jul 24 04:29:36 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/pstore.rb: split executable code into sample directory.
-	* sample/pstore.rb: ditto.
-
-Wed Jul 23 23:50:11 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/defines.h, siphash.c, st.c (UNALIGNED_WORD_ACCESS):
-	  add PowerPC64 too, which is capable to access unaligned words.
-	  patched by Gustavo Frederico Temple Pedrosa in [ruby-core:63937].
-	  [Feature #10081]
-
-	* regint.h (PLATFORM_UNALIGNED_WORD_ACCESS): ditto.
-
-Wed Jul 23 04:04:38 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/drb/extserv.rb: remove duplicate code with sample directory.
-	  contributed from @vipulnsward. [fix GH-679]
-
-Tue Jul 22 12:56:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_count): fix wrong single-byte optimization.
-	  7bit ascii can be a trailing byte in Shift_JIS.
-	  [ruby-dev:48442] [Bug #10078]
-
-Tue Jul 22 01:48:38 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/io.h (rb_io_buffer_t): fix packing on gcc
-	  r46892 caused packing to be a no-op on gcc (4.7.2-5, Debian)
-	  [Bug #10079][ruby-core:63912]
-
-Mon Jul 21 15:55:42 2014  fuji70  <fujifuji70@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb (getopts): print default values and descriptions
-	  in the help message.  [fix GH-676]
-
-Sun Jul 20 14:26:27 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_proc_t): reduce to 64 bytes from 72 on 64-bit
-
-Sun Jul 20 13:50:34 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* transcode.c (rb_econv_t): reduce to 184 bytes from 200 on 64-bit
-
-Sun Jul 20 12:44:23 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/io.h (rb_io_buffer_t): pack structure
-	  Reduces rb_io_t from 200 to 192 bytes, allowing rb_io_t to
-	  occupy one less cache line.
-	  [Feature #10050]
-
-Sun Jul 20 12:41:53 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/io.h (rb_io_t): shrink to 200 bytes from 216 on 64-bit
-	  This puts us within 8 bytes of being three cache lines instead of
-	  four lines on x86-64.  This breaks the ABI.
-	  [Feature #10050]
-
-Sun Jul 20 12:36:46 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/oniguruma.h (struct re_pattern_buffer): shrink to 448
-	  bytes from 464 bytes on 64-bit.  This breaks the ABI.
-	  [Feature #10034]
-
-Sun Jul 20 01:06:06 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl.c: use encryptor instead of encrypter in doc.
-	  contributed from @vipulnsward. [fix GH-663]
-
-Sun Jul 20 00:32:44 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_initialize): [DOC] fix rdoc of append mode.  it does
-	  not move the pointer at open.  [ruby-core:63747] [Bug #10039]
-
-Sat Jul 19 12:40:50 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): allow to access private attribute
-	  reader in op_assign.  [ruby-core:63817] [Bug #10060]
-
-Sat Jul 19 11:56:36 2014  Grey Baker  <greysteil@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/time.rb (Time#apply_offset): Guards against a `nil` return
-	  value from `Time.month_days` when offsetting date.  Out of range
-	  values are then caught when `Time.utc` is called (as usual).
-
-	  Previously a `nil` return value from `Time.month_days` would
-	  have the `<` operator called on it, and raise `NoMethodError`.
-	  [fix GH-667]
-
-	* lib/rdoc/parser/changelog.rb (RDoc#parse_entries): fix dirty hack.
-
-Sat Jul 19 06:19:01 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: refactoring.
-
-Fri Jul 18 22:34:41 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (folevariant_initialize): WIN32OLE_VARIANT
-	  does not support VT_RECORD. VT_RECORD should be supported in
-	  WIN32OLE_RECORD.
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_variant.rb (test_s_new_vt_record_exc):
-	  ditto.
-
-Fri Jul 18 19:54:03 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (folevariant_initialize): remove unnecessary
-	  code.
-
-Fri Jul 18 19:11:03 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix/eigenvalue_decomposition: Style fix
-	  Patch by Gogo Tanaka [#10058]
-
-Fri Jul 18 19:03:53 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Avoid using `and`.
-	  Patch by gogo tanaka [#10058]
-
-Fri Jul 18 17:41:54 2014  GoGo tanaka  <qlli.illb@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/matrix/test_matrix.rb: Add tests for Matrix class.
-	  [Feature #10057][ruby-core:63809]
-
-Fri Jul 18 10:14:42 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb: added missing options of FileUtils.touch by @Domon.
-	  [fix GH-669]
-
-Thu Jul 17 19:57:27 2014  Herwin  <herwin@quarantainenet.nl>
-
-	* ext/thread/thread.c (rb_szqueue_push): add optional parameter,
-	  non_block defaulted to false.  [ruby-core:63794] [Feature #10052]
-
-Wed Jul 16 23:01:43 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_variant2val): support array of
-	  VT_RECORD variant.
-
-Wed Jul 16 20:21:49 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_core.h (struct rb_iseq_struct): stack_max is changed to int
-	  because all calculations related to stack_max in compile.c
-	  (iseq_set_sequence) and vm_insnhelper.c (vm_push_frame) are
-	  conducted by using int. This partly reverts r23945.
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_push_frame): ditto. This reverts r42401.
-
-Wed Jul 16 19:55:32 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_core.h (struct rb_iseq_struct): temporal workaround of [Bug 10037].
-	  Add padding on big-endian 64-bit architecture (e.g. sparc64).
-
-Wed Jul 16 19:32:23 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (fole_record_method_missing): call
-	  rb_hash_fetch instead of rb_hash_aref.
-
-Wed Jul 16 18:08:47 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_defined_string): use rb_gc_mark_object() instead of
-	  marking from vm_mark().
-
-	* vm.c (rb_vm_mark): ditto.
-
-Wed Jul 16 18:03:50 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_mark_roots): call rb_vm_mark directly.
-
-	* vm.c: remove mark function for RubyVM object because
-	  RubyVM object marked manually.
-
-Wed Jul 16 12:25:39 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* regcomp.c: Merge Onigmo 5.14.1 25a8a69fc05ae3b56a09.
-	  this includes Support for Unicode 7.0 [Bug #9092].
-
-Tue Jul 15 23:59:27 2014  Jared Jennings  <jared.jennings.ctr@us.af.mil>
-
-	* ext/digest: make built-in digest function implementations
-	  indicate success or failure of init and final functions.
-	  [ruby-core:61614] [Bug #9659]
-
-	* ext/digest/digest.c: expect digest init and finish functions to
-	  indicate success or failure; raise exception on failure.
-	  [ruby-core:61614] [Bug #9659]
-
-Tue Jul 15 20:31:40 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: modify document for WIN32OLE_RECORD.
-
-Tue Jul 15 12:42:23 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* defs/default_gems: change version definition file of rake.
-
-Tue Jul 15 12:00:03 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rake.rb, lib/rake/*.rb: Upgrade to rake-10.3.2
-	  [fix GH-668]
-	* test/rake/*.rb: ditto.
-
-Mon Jul 14 19:14:51 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: modify WIN32OLE class document and
-	  add comment for constants of WIN32OLE.
-
-Mon Jul 14 16:38:45 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm_core.h (struct rb_iseq_struct): reduce to 288 bytes
-	  on x86-64 (from 296 bytes)
-
-Mon Jul 14 16:07:25 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* iseq.h (struct iseq_catch_table_entry): shrink to 32 bytes
-	  on x86-64 (from 48 bytes)
-
-Mon Jul 14 16:04:41 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* iseq.h (struct iseq_catch_table): new flexible array struct
-		 (iseq_catch_table_bytes): allocated size function
-	* vm_core.h (struct rb_iseq_struct): update catch_table member
-	  This reduces the struct from 304 to 296 bytes on x86-64.
-	* compile.c (iseq_set_exception_table): update for struct changes
-	* iseq.c (iseq_free): ditto
-	* iseq.c (iseq_memsize): ditto
-	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_disasm): ditto
-	* iseq.c (iseq_data_to_ary): ditto
-	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_build_for_ruby2cext): ditto (untested)
-	* vm.c (vm_exec): ditto
-	* vm_core.h (struct rb_iseq_struct): ditto
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_throw): ditto
-
-Sun Jul 13 17:49:52 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c: Fix call to ciphers class method and
-	  spell out `encryption` by @vipulnsward [fix GH-664]
-
-Sun Jul 13 17:31:51 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/gdbm/gdbm.c: fix wrong arguments in GetDBM2 macro.
-	* ext/sdbm/init.c: ditto.
-
-Sun Jul 13 17:25:50 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/dbm/dbm.c: fix wrong arguments in GetDBM2 macro by @v2e4lisp.
-	  [fix GH-655]
-
-Sun Jul 13 16:44:56 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm_core.h (struct rb_call_info_struct): improve packing
-	  This reduces the struct from 112 to 104 bytes on x86-64.
-
-Sun Jul 13 15:53:25 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm_core.h (struct rb_iseq_struct): stack_max is uint32_t
-	  This reduces the struct from 312 to 304 bytes on x86-64.
-
-Sun Jul 13 10:56:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (rb_cv_broken_backtrace): exit with failure
-	  normally, no needs to abort.  [ruby-core:63678] [Bug #10008]
-
-Sat Jul 12 15:10:22 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (fole_record_method_missing): correct
-	  fields Hash key.
-
-Sat Jul 12 04:17:40 2014  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/net/smtp.rb (Net::SMTP#data): enable buffering while
-	  'data' send for optimizing Net::SMTP#send_message.
-	  [ruby-dev:48329] [misc #9981]
-	  patch by Masahiro Tomita.
-
-Sat Jul 12 01:13:45 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (assert_no_memory_leak): On Solaris 9 or later,
-	  if possible, execute child ruby with environment variables
-	  LD_PRELOAD=libumem.so UMEM_OPTIONS="backend=mmap". With these
-	  variables, freed memory is immediately returned to the OS.
-	  [Bug #10020] [ruby-dev:48391]
-
-Fri Jul 11 20:49:10 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: add WIN32OLE_RECORD class to support
-	  VT_RECORD OLE variables.
-
-Fri Jul 11 17:15:08 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/abbrev.rb: remove executable.
-
-Fri Jul 11 16:45:39 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb: handle ENOENT error with symlink targeted to
-	  non-exists file. [ruby-dev:45933] [Bug #6716]
-
-Fri Jul 11 15:59:42 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* array.c: Clarify documentation for Array#insert.
-	  [ruby-core:62934] [Bug #9901]
-
-Fri Jul 11 15:39:36 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c: Improve Documentation by @dapplebeforedawn.
-	  [fix GH-658] [ruby-core:63579] [Bug #10012]
-
-Fri Jul 11 14:19:14 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Fix sign for cross_product [#9499]
-
-Fri Jul 11 11:11:50 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* benchmark/prepare_so_k_nucleotide.rb: use require_relative.
-
-	* benchmark/prepare_so_reverse_complement.rb: ditto.
-
-Fri Jul 11 10:09:03 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* pack.c (encodes): fix buffer overrun by tail_lf.  Thanks to
-	  Mamoru Tasaka and Tomas Hoger.  [ruby-core:63604] [Bug #10019]
-
-Thu Jul 10 23:51:36 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* hash.c (ruby_setenv): Fix TestEnv#test_aset failure on Solaris 9.
-	  When name contains '=', ruby_setenv raises Errno::EINVAL.
-	  That is the same behavior as Solaris 10.
-	  NULL check for malloc return value is also added.
-
-Thu Jul 10 15:02:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_callee_setup_keyword_arg): adjust VM stack
-	  pointer to get rid of overwriting splat arguments by arguments
-	  for `to_hash` conversion.  [ruby-core:63593] [Bug #10016]
-
-Thu Jul 10 01:09:57 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* symbol.c: remove rb_gc_mark_symbols().
-
-	  fstrings referred by static symbols and pinned dynamic symbols
-	  are registered by rb_gc_register_mark_object().
-
-	  fstrings referred by dynamic symbols (not pinned symbols)
-	  are referred from global_symbols.dsymbol_fstr_hash (Hash object).
-
-	  Note that fstrings referred from dynamic symbols must live logger
-	  than symbol objects themselves because rb_gc_free_dsymbol() uses
-	  fstrings to remove from symbol tables.
-	  This is why we can not mark fstrings from dynamic symbols.
-
-	  This technique reduces root objects for GC marking.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_mark_roots): ditto.
-
-	* internal.h: ditto.
-
-Thu Jul 10 00:24:18 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* common.mk (DTRACE_DEPENDENT_OBJS): fix build failure on Solaris
-	  introduced in r46768. Object files containing dtrace probes should
-	  be listed in DTRACE_DEPENDENT_OBJS.
-
-Wed Jul  9 17:07:28 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* symbol.c, symbol.h: Symbol class implementation and internals,
-	  split from parse.y.
-
-Wed Jul  9 14:45:39 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* parse.y: change Symbol <-> ID relationship to avoid
-	  exposing IDs from collectable symbols.
-	  [Bug #10014]
-
-	  Now, rb_check_id() returns 0 if corresponding symbol is
-	  pinned dynamic symbol.
-
-	  There is remaining intern_cstr_without_pindown(), it can return
-	  IDs from collectable symbols. We must be careful to use it
-	  (only used in parse.y).  I think it should be removed if
-	  it does not have impact for performance.
-
-	* parse.y:
-	  add:
-	  * STATIC_SYM2ID()
-	  * STATIC_ID2SYM()
-	  rename:
-	  * rb_pin_dynamic_symbol() -> dsymbol_pindown()
-
-	* internal.h:
-	  remove:
-	  * rb_check_id_without_pindown()
-	  * rb_sym2id_without_pindown()
-	  add:
-	  * rb_check_symbol()
-	  * rb_check_symbol_cstr()
-
-	* load.c: use rb_check_id() or rb_check_id_cstr().
-
-	* object.c: ditto.
-
-	* struct.c: ditto.
-
-	* thread.c: ditto.
-
-	* vm_method.c: ditto.
-
-	* string.c (sym_find): use only rb_check_symbol().
-
-	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): use rb_check_symbol_cstr().
-
-Wed Jul  9 12:21:55 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* parse.y (symbols_i): delete garbage symbols for Symbol.all_symbols.
-
-Wed Jul  9 05:49:08 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.h (struct rb_global_vm_lock_struct):
-	  do not expose pthread type for lock
-
-Wed Jul  9 05:41:40 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.h: remove unneeded semaphore.h include
-
-Wed Jul  9 00:12:28 2014  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
-
-	* lib/irb/ruby-lex.rb: fix counting indent in identify_string_dvar.
-
-Tue Jul  8 16:58:02 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/memory_status.rb (Memory::PSCMD): use ps command which
-	  outputs expected result.  [ruby-dev:48370] [Bug #10010]
-
-Tue Jul  8 14:45:17 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* parse.y (dsymbol_alloc): set global_symbols.minor_marked to 0.
-
-	* parse.y (dsymbol_check): set RSYMBOL(sym)->fstr to 0
-	  because we should not touch fstr after that.
-
-	* parse.y (rb_gc_free_dsymbol): skip deleting str and sym
-	  from tables if fstr == 0.
-
-Mon Jul  7 14:31:52 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* parse.y: remove global_symbols::pinned_dsym
-	  (and ::pinned_dsym_minor_marked).
-
-	  Mark pinned dsymbols by rb_gc_register_mark_object() because
-	  they are immortal.
-
-	* parse.y (rb_gc_free_dsymbol): rename parameter name `ptr' to `sym'.
-
-Mon Jul  7 12:45:51 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: revert miss-commit.
-
-Mon Jul  7 12:40:59 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* parse.y: need to use updated (re-created) symbols.
-
-Mon Jul  7 11:02:55 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/mkconfig.rb: remove not to require rbconfig/obsolete.rb.
-
-	* lib/rbconfig/obsolete.rb: removed.
-
-Mon Jul  7 10:52:03 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* parse.y: do not use rb_gc_resurrect(), but create a new dynamic
-	  symbol for garbage dynamic symbol.
-
-	* common.mk: use gc.h by parse.y.
-
-Mon Jul  7 02:18:42 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* string.c (fstr_update_callback): do not use rb_gc_resurrect()
-	  any more.
-
-	  Make new frozen string and replace with garbage frozen string.
-
-	* common.mk: use gc.h from string.c.
-
-Mon Jul  7 00:36:13 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: rename is_dying_object() to is_garbage_object().
-
-	* gc.h: rb_objspace_garbage_object_p() as an exported function.
-
-Sun Jul  6 21:30:35 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (is_dying_object): fix missed condition.
-
-	* gc.c (is_live_object): move frequent path first.
-
-Sun Jul  6 21:00:11 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: rename is_dead_object() to is_dying_object().
-	  This function is not opposite against is_live_object()
-	  because is_dying_object() does *not* check object type.
-
-	* gc.c (is_dying_object): change condition.
-
-	* gc.c (is_live_object): use T_NONE instead of 0.
-
-	* gc.c (rb_objspace_dying_object_p): added.
-
-Sun Jul  6 13:37:27 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_gc_register_mark_object): change data structure.
-	  From single array, to array of arrays. Each array only has 1024
-	  entries.
-
-	* vm.c (Init_vm_objects): change default capa from 1 to 128.
-
-Sat Jul  5 05:05:53 2014  Vipul A M  <vipulnsward@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/irb/locale.rb (IRB::Locale#modifier): fix wrong attr_reader
-	  `modifieer` => `modifier` from irb locale.  [fix GH-656]
-
-Fri Jul  4 20:45:26 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* parse.y: rename symbols::sym_id to symbols::str_id.
-	  This table is not {Symbol => ID} table, but
-	  {String => ID} table.
-
-	* parse.y (lookup_sym_id): also rename lookup_sym_id() to
-	  lookup_str_id() because key is not Symbol, but String.
-
-Fri Jul  4 18:42:04 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* parse.y (must_be_dynamic_symbol): fix missed-condition.
-
-Fri Jul  4 18:38:11 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* parse.y (rb_pin_dynamic_symbol): should be `static' function.
-
-Fri Jul  4 18:03:35 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* parse.y (must_be_dynamic_symbol): refactoring.
-	  * add `inline'.
-	  * use UNLIKELY().
-	  * check only DYNAMIC_SYM_P(), otherwise it is a bug.
-	  * lookup_id_str() is not needed in second condition.
-
-Fri Jul  4 11:53:56 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* parse.y: remove unused code
-	  surrounded by `#if ENABLE_SELECTOR_NAMESPACE'
-
-Fri Jul  4 10:08:24 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem_package.rb: avoid tempfile leaks using Tempfile#close!
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem_request_set.rb: ditto.
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem_request_set_gem_dependency_api.rb: ditto.
-
-Fri Jul  4 04:42:05 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http/response.rb (Net::Inflater#inflate_adapter):
-	  prevent automatic encoding conversion.
-
-Fri Jul  4 04:39:52 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http/response.rb (Net::HTTPResponse.each_response_header):
-	  raise first exception even if inflate_body_io.finish raises error.
-	  when begin block raises error, finish usually raises error too.
-
-Fri Jul  4 02:56:04 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#query=): remove validation, just
-	  escape. [Feature #2542]
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#fragment=): ditto.
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#check_query): removed.
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#set_query): ditto.
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#check_fragment): ditto.
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#set_fragment): ditto.
-
-Thu Jul  3 12:40:22 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (--with-static-linked-ext): fix for extensions to
-	  be linked statically.
-
-	* Makefile.in, common.mk: use ENCSTATIC for enc directory.
-
-	* ext/extmk.rb: supply dependencies of statically linked extension
-	  libraries.
-
-Wed Jul  2 15:45:49 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_heap_lazy_sweep): simplify logic.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_page_sweep): return TRUE if empty slots are available.
-
-Wed Jul  2 09:48:42 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* logger.rb: removed unmaintained code.
-	  [Feature #9860][ruby-core:62724]
-	* test/logger/test_application.rb: ditto.
-
-Wed Jul  2 03:20:00 2014  Charlie Somerville  <charliesome@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* node.c (dump_node): handle nd_value == (NODE *)-1 to mean this
-	  keyword argument is required
-
-Wed Jul  2 02:57:27 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (rb_vm_env_local_variables): returns array of local
-	  variable name symbols in the environment by envval.
-
-	* proc.c (bind_local_variables): use rb_vm_env_local_variables.
-
-Wed Jul  2 02:23:52 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* proc.c (bind_receiver): new method to return the bound receiver
-	  of the binding object.  [ruby-dev:47613] [Feature #8779]
-
-Wed Jul  2 02:14:37 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* proc.c (bind_local_variables): update env from envval for each
-	  iterations.  [ruby-dev:48351] [Bug #10001]
-
-Tue Jul  1 23:46:34 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* NEWS: [DOC] mention about Binding#local_variables, introduced at
-	  r44392 (see [Feature #8773]).
-
-Tue Jul  1 23:30:51 2014  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (num_step_scan_args): table argument of rb_get_kwargs() is
-	  array of IDs, not Symbols. [ruby-dev:48353] [Bug #9811]
-
-Tue Jul  1 16:18:22 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* ext/digest/lib/digest/hmac.rb, test/digest/test_digest_hmac.rb:
-	  Digest::HMAC is finally removed as previously noticed.
-	  [fix GH-648]
-
-Tue Jul  1 11:13:43 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb: removed empty file by @vipulnsward.
-	* ext/date/lib/date.rb: removed needless require.
-	  [fix GH-647]
-
-Mon Jun 30 16:42:52 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): return size_t value instead of VALUE
-	  and remove `out' parameter.
-
-	* gc.c: add braces for `if' statements.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): fix comment.
-
-Mon Jun 30 15:07:34 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: support `USE_RGENGC == 0'.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: ditto.
-
-Mon Jun 30 11:36:04 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* file.c: [DOC] document File.join returns a string.
-	  Contributed by @dapplebeforedawn. [fix GH-646]
-
-Sat Jun 28 22:57:01 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_birthtime): Windows support.
-	  see [Feature #9857] [ruby-dev:48339]
-
-Sat Jun 28 22:44:16 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_birthtime): New method,
-	  Pathname#birthtime.
-	  Proposed by Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA.  [ruby-dev:48232] [Feature #9857]
-
-Sat Jun 28 20:29:03 2014  Simon Baird  <simon.baird@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/math.rb (BigMath#PI): change error
-	  message about zero or negative precision for clarity and
-	  consistency with other methods.  [GH-644]
-
-Sat Jun 28 15:32:57 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/utils.rb (create_listeners): Close socket objects.
-
-Sat Jun 28 13:58:48 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (setup_exception): should not overwrite SystemStackError
-	  backtrace if set already.  [ruby-core:63377] [Feature #6216]
-
-	* eval.c (setup_exception): get rid of method calls before raising
-	  stack overflow, not to cause stack overflow again.
-
-	* defs/id.def: add IDs for backtraces.
-
-Sat Jun 28 04:08:22 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/mailto.rb: update to latest specs, RFC 6068 and HTML5.
-
-	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (HEADER_PATTERN): removed.
-
-	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (HEADER_REGEXP): use RFC 6068 hfields.
-
-	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (EMAIL_REGEXP): use HTML5 email regexp.
-
-	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (URI::MailTo.build): support multiple to addresses.
-
-	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (URI::MailTo#initialize): Support multiple to
-	  addresses. Don't check with regexp, only split.
-
-	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (URI::MailTo#check_to): verify by matching
-	  URI path-rootless and HTML5 email regexp with unescaped one.
-
-	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (URI::MailTo#check_headers): verify only by
-	  HEADER_REGEXP.
-
-	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (URI::MailTo#set_headers): don't check by
-	  HEADER_REGEXP, only split it.
-
-Sat Jun 28 00:35:10 2014  Lauri Tirkkonen  <lotheac@iki.fi>
-
-	* tool/mkconfig.rb: fix empty RbConfig::CONFIG["prefix"] when
-	  configured --with-rubyarchprefix, remove prefix from rubyarchdir
-	  after expansion for the case it does not start with '$(prefix)'.
-	  [fix GH-643]
-
-Fri Jun 27 15:20:12 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb: rescue Gem::LoadError in Gem::TestCase.
-	  because it's effected by removing minitest from stdlib.
-
-Fri Jun 27 12:29:37 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/specification.rb: fixed broken condition caused
-	  by removing YAML::ENGINE.
-	* lib/rubygems/package/old.rb: ditto.
-
-Fri Jun 27 05:33:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (env_shift): fix memory leak on Windows, free environment
-	  strings block always.  [ruby-dev:48332] [Bug #9983]
-
-Fri Jun 27 03:41:53 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* sprintf.c (GETASTER): should not use the numbered argument to be
-	  formatted, raise ArgumentError instead.
-	  [ruby-dev:48330] [Bug #9982]
-
-Thu Jun 26 18:18:28 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/with_different_ofs.rb: move into test library directory.
-	* test/csv/base.rb: fix require path for with_different_ofs.rb.
-	* test/digest/test_digest_extend.rb: ditto.
-
-Thu Jun 26 18:06:50 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/profile_test_all.rb: move into test library directory.
-	* test/runner.rb: fix require path for profile_test_all.rb.
-
-Thu Jun 26 17:57:57 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/webrick/httpproxy.rb: remove useless assigned variables.
-	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/cgihandler.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/erbhandler.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/webrick/server.rb: ditto.
-
-Thu Jun 26 08:28:01 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (env_select): fix memory leak and crash on Windows, make
-	  keys array first instead of iterating on environ directly.
-	  [ruby-dev:48325] [Bug #9978]
-
-Thu Jun 26 02:45:04 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval_error.c (error_print): put a newline after an anonymous
-	  exception class name.
-
-Wed Jun 25 22:31:32 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (ruby_setenv): fix memory leak on Windows, free
-	  environment strings block after check for the size.
-	  [ruby-dev:48323] [Bug #9977]
-
-Wed Jun 25 15:44:12 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ccan/container_of/container_of.h (container_off_var):
-	  avoid warning with -Wcast-qual
-	  [ccan ba5ad771af4aa9e085498de6c3c665c52694460f (Rusty Russell)]
-
-Wed Jun 25 10:19:59 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (env_aset, env_has_key, env_assoc, env_has_value),
-	  (env_rassoc, env_key): prohibit tainted strings if $SAFE is
-	  non-zero.  [Bug #9976]
-
-Tue Jun 24 14:46:17 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/gserver.rb: remove redundant use of to_s in interpolation.
-	* lib/logger.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/optparse.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/rbconfig/obsolete.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/resolv.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/webrick/httpresponse.rb: ditto.
-
-Tue Jun 24 10:50:06 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (env_path_str_new): make PATH environment variable
-	  string, to be frozen.
-
-Tue Jun 24 10:40:52 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* tool/make-snapshot: download bundle gems when package making.
-	  [Feature #9852][ruby-core:62676]
-	* gems/bundled_gems: listed bundled gems for Ruby 2.2.
-
-Tue Jun 24 10:20:35 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* tool/downloader.rb: make Downloader class to general download utility.
-	  It can be used without config.guess and config.sub.
-	* tool/get-config_files: ditto.
-	* tool/make-snapshot: ditto.
-
-Tue Jun 24 06:17:52 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (setup_exception): "mesg == sysstack_error" and
-	  sysstack_error_p(mesg) are duplicated.
-	  r46502 seems to want to use latter.
-
-Tue Jun 24 06:15:36 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c: fix format specifiers for VALUE and
-	  Tcl_Interp*.  [ruby-core:63283] [Bug #9972]
-
-Tue Jun 24 05:40:41 2014  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* nacl/nacl-config.rb: Use File.exist? instead of executable?
-	  for irt_core. Recent nacl_sdk has non-executable irt_core.
-	  Patch by Shinichiro Hamaji.
-	  [Fixes GH-529] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/529
-
-Mon Jun 23 18:44:45 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* tool/config_files.rb: rename class ConfigFiles to Downloader.
-	* tool/get-config_files: ditto.
-	* tool/make-snapshot: ditto.
-
-Mon Jun 23 18:03:13 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb: support to install bundle gems.
-
-Mon Jun 23 17:33:11 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/net/imap.rb (Net::IMAP#fetch): [DOC] Describe how a range in
-	  +set+ is interpreted, and mention -1 which can be used for '*'.
-
-Mon Jun 23 16:22:50 2014  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (struct RHash): no longer. [Feature #9889]
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RHASH): ditto.
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RHASH_ITER_LEV): deprecated.  Will be deleted later.
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RHASH_IFNONE): ditto.
-
-	* internal.h (struct RHash): moved here.
-
-	* internal.h (RHASH): ditto.
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_iter_lev): do not use this.
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_ifnone): ditto.
-
-Mon Jun 23 13:30:11 2014  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (struct RComplex): no longer. [Feature #9888]
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RCOMPLEX): ditto.
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RCOMPLEX_SET_REAL): deprecated.  Will be deleted later.
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RCOMPLEX_SET_IMAG): ditto.
-
-	* internal.h (struct RFloat): moved here.
-
-	* internal.h (RCOMPLEX): ditto.
-
-	* complex.c (rb_complex_set_real): do not use this.
-
-	* complex.c (rb_complex_set_imag): ditto.
-
-Mon Jun 23 13:10:15 2014  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (struct RFloat): no longer.  [Feature #9863]
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RFLOAT): ditto.
-
-	* internal.h (struct RFloat): moved here.
-
-	* internal.h (RFLOAT): ditto.
-
-Mon Jun 23 12:01:42 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (check_port): allow strings for port= as
-	  described in rdoc.
-
-	* lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb (regexp): implementation detail of above.
-
-Mon Jun 23 11:35:01 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (setup_exception): set backtrace in system stack error
-	  other than the pre-allocated sysstack_error.  [Feature #6216]
-
-	* proc.c (Init_Proc): freeze the pre-allocated sysstack_error.
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_stackoverflow): raise new instance for each
-	  times without calling any methods to keep the backtrace with no
-	  further stack overflow.
-
-	* object.c (rb_obj_copy_ivar): extract function to copy instance
-	  variables only for T_OBJECT from init_copy.
-
-Mon Jun 23 11:11:16 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* signal.c (check_stack_overflow): drop the last tag too close to
-	  the fault page, to get rid of stack overflow deadlock.
-	  [Bug #9971]
-
-Sun Jun 22 09:11:15 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb: remove registry.
-	  'registry' is not used and RFC3986 doesn't use it.
-
-Sun Jun 22 09:10:09 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb: raise exception when given a URI string
-	  has non ASCII in order to keep the regexp compiled for US-ASCII.
-
-Sun Jun 22 09:05:42 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI::REGEXP): move to lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb.
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI::Parser): ditto.
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI.split): use RFC3986_Parser. [Feature #2542]
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI.parse): ditto.
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI.join): ditto.
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI.extract): deprecated.
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI.regexp): ditto.
-
-	* lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb: added.
-
-	* lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb: added.
-
-Sun Jun 22 09:04:50 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (initialize): as previous commit, fix arg_check
-
-Sun Jun 22 09:01:47 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/ftp.rb (initialize): argument checking flag is arg_check,
-	  but arg[-1] is fragment.
-
-	* lib/uri/ftp.rb (initialize): explicitly specify arguments.
-
-Sat Jun 21 12:50:32 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/extconf.rb: supply 0 to fill RUBY_LIBFFI_MODVERSION
-	  with 3-digit.  libffi 3.1 returns just 2-digit.
-	  [ruby-core:62920] [Bug #9897]
-
-Sat Jun 21 07:06:13 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* encoding.c (enc_find): [DOC] never accepted a symbol.
-	  [ruby-dev:48308] [Bug #9966]
-
-Fri Jun 20 17:15:43 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/lib/tracepointchecker.rb: add to check TracePoint healthiness.
-
-	* test/runner.rb: use it.
-
-Fri Jun 20 07:26:44 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: rewrite tests with
-	  assert_consistent_call_return().
-
-	  assert_consistent_call_return() is also modified to check
-	  consistency.
-
-Fri Jun 20 07:07:28 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* compile.c (rb_iseq_compile_node): put start label of block after
-	  trace (b_call).
-	  [Bug #9964]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test.
-
-	  added assert_consistent_call_return() method check call/return
-	  consistency.
-
-Fri Jun 20 05:26:27 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_catch_protect): fix same problem of [Bug #9961].
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_iterate): ditto.
-
-Thu Jun 19 21:41:30 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm.c (rb_vm_rewind_cfp): add new function to rewind specified cfp
-	  with invoking RUBY_EVENT_C_RETURN.
-	  [Bug #9961]
-
-	* vm_core.h: ditto.
-
-	* eval.c (rb_protect): use it.
-
-	* eval.c (rb_rescue2): ditto.
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_iterate): ditto.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test.
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_rewind_cfp): add the prototype declaration.
-
-Thu Jun 19 19:47:21 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm.c (invoke_block_from_c): move call/return event timing for
-	  bmethod. It can invoke inconsistent call event if this call raises
-	  argument error.
-	  [Bug #9959]
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_bmethod_body): ditto.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test.
-
-Thu Jun 19 18:14:47 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_core.h: add VM_FRAME_MAGIC_RESCUE to recognize normal block or
-	  rescue clause.
-
-	* vm.c (vm_exec): use VM_FRAME_MAGIC_RESCUE on at rescue/ensure.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: should not invoke b_return at rescue
-	  clause.
-	  [Bug #9957]
-
-	* vm_dump.c (control_frame_dump): check VM_FRAME_MAGIC_RESCUE.
-
-	* vm_dump.c (vm_stack_dump_each): ditto.
-
-Thu Jun 19 13:39:11 2014  Arne Brasseur  <arne@arnebrasseur.net>
-
-	* proc.c (rb_method_curry): Implement Method#curry, which delegates
-	  to to_proc.curry.  [ruby-core:62212] [Feature #9783]
-
-Tue Jun 17 16:41:49 2014  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/ftp.rb (gets, readline): read lines without LF properly.
-	  [ruby-core:63205] [Bug #9949]
-
-	* test/net/ftp/test_buffered_socket.rb: related test.
-
-Tue Jun 17 12:35:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (extract_raise_opts): pass unknown options to the
-	  exception, so that exception class can receive a hash argument.
-	  [ruby-core:63203] [Feature #8257]
-
-Tue Jun 17 12:24:57 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (obj_memsize_of): memsize_of(T_ZOMBIE) returns 0, not a rb_bug.
-	  ObjectSpace.count_objects_size() uses memsize_of(T_ZOMBIE).
-
-	  This bug introduced at r46348.
-
-Mon Jun 16 19:00:11 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/runner.rb: failure message should be passed as an argument.
-
-Mon Jun 16 18:42:57 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/runner.rb: capture TracePoint stat before setup and compare
-	  it after teardown.
-
-Mon Jun 16 14:33:56 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c (open): use UTF-8 version function to support
-	  non-ascii path properly.  [ruby-core:63185] [Bug #9946]
-
-Sat Jun 14 10:54:08 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rcombinate0): remove recursion, by looping with indexes
-	  stored in `p`.
-
-	* array.c (rpermute0): remove recursion, by looping with indexes
-	  stored in `p`.
-
-	* array.c (permute0): remove recursion, by looping with indexes
-	  stored in `p`.  [ruby-core:63103] [Bug #9932]
-
-Sat Jun 14 10:52:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_resize): update capa only when buffer get
-	  reallocated.
-	  http://d.hatena.ne.jp/nagachika/20140613/ruby_trunk_changes_46413_46420#r46413
-
-Sat Jun 14 08:28:59 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* man/rake.1: [DOC] Update links for Rake, patch by @hsbt [Bug #9904]
-	  [Fixes GH-628] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/628
-
-Fri Jun 13 17:58:58 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_trace.c: add new method TracePoint.stat to debug
-	  TracePoint mechanism.
-
-	  Ruby users should not use this method. So I don't note this method
-	  in the NEWS file.
-
-	* test/runner.rb: detect zombie active TracePoints with
-	  TracePoint.stat.
-
-Fri Jun 13 17:46:31 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_trace.c: clear and restore recursive checking thread local data
-	  to avoid unexpected throw from TracePoint.
-	  [Bug #9940]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test.
-
-	* thread.c: added
-	  * rb_threadptr_reset_recursive_data(rb_thread_t *th);
-	  * rb_threadptr_restore_recursive_data(rb_thread_t *th, VALUE old);
-
-	* vm_core.h: ditto.
-
-Fri Jun 13 17:33:14 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_combination): iterate on a shared copy, and use
-	  array of indexes instead of array of chosen objects.
-	  [ruby-core:63149] [Bug #9939]
-
-	* array.c (yield_indexed_values): extract from permute0(),
-	  rpermute0(), and rcombinate0().
-
-Fri Jun 13 13:42:58 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_permutation): `p` is the array of size `r`, as
-	  commented at permute0().  since `n >= r` here, buffer overflow
-	  never happened, just reduce unnecessary allocation though.
-
-Thu Jun 12 20:32:28 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_resize): should consider the capacity instead
-	  of the old length, as pointed out by nagachika.
-
-Thu Jun 12 18:31:01 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/net/http/responses.rb: added Net::HTTPPermanentRedirect(308)
-	  Contributed by @yorkie [fix GH-638]
-
-Thu Jun 12 13:27:38 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_freeze): shrink the buffer before freezing, as
-	  pointed out by Eric Wong at [ruby-core:63119].
-
-Thu Jun 12 13:09:03 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (expand_path): shrink expanded path which no longer needs
-	  rooms to append.  [ruby-core:63114] [Bug #9934]
-
-Wed Jun 11 17:37:48 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (rb_cv_scalar_pthread_t): pthread_t is not required
-	  to be a scalar type.
-
-	* thread.c (fill_thread_id_string, thread_id_str): dump pthread_t
-	  in hexadecimal form if it is not a scalar type, assume it can be
-	  represented in a pointer form otherwise.  based on the patch by
-	  Rei Odaira at [ruby-core:62867].  [ruby-core:62857] [Bug #9884]
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (Init_native_thread, thread_start_func_1),
-	  (native_thread_create): set thread_id_str if needed.
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_thread_t): add thread_id_string if needed.
-
-Wed Jun 11 01:53:22 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: invoke GC before memory allocation (xmalloc/xrealloc)
-	  when GC.stress = true.
-	  [Bug #9859]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: add a test.
-
-Tue Jun 10 13:20:14 2014  Takeyuki FUJIOKA  <xibbar@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/cgi/core.rb: Provide a mechanism to specify the
-	  max_multipart_length of multipart data.
-	  [Feature #8370] patch by Leif Eriksen <leif.eriksen.au@gmail.com>
-
-Tue Jun 10 10:57:07 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/csv.rb (CSV#<<): honor explicitly given encoding.  based on
-	  the patch by DAISUKE TANIWAKI <daisuketaniwaki AT gmail.com> at
-	  [ruby-core:62113].  [Bug #9766]
-
-Mon Jun  9 20:40:48 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: change full GC timing to keep lower memory usage.
-
-	  Extend heap only at
-	  (1) after major GC
-	  or
-	  (2) after several (two times, at current) minor GC
-
-	  Details in https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/9607#note-9
-	  [Bug #9607]
-
-Mon Jun  9 16:01:41 2014  Masahiro Ide  <imasahiro9@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c (gcdebug_sentinel): fix typo, "sentinel" not "sential".
-	  [fix GH-634]
-
-Mon Jun  9 00:04:25 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (posix_fadvise): disable use of posix_fadvise
-	  itself on 32-bit AIX.  [ruby-core:62968] [Bug #9914]
-
-Sun Jun  8 23:28:00 2014    <kanemoto@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_advise): AIX currently does not support a 32-bit call to
-	  posix_fadvise() if _LARGE_FILES is defined. Patch by Rei Odaira.
-	  [ruby-core:62968] [Bug #9914]
-
-Sun Jun  8 04:52:40 2014  Jun Hiroe  <Jun.Hiroe@gmail.com>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_slice_bang): [DOC] update return value against
-	  a fixnum, which has changed because of M17N.  [fix GH-631]
-
-Sat Jun  7 22:13:42 2014  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
-
-	* numeric.c (do_coerce): Add a warning when an exception is raised
-	  or an invalid value is returned in #coerce called by
-	  numeric comparison operators and the exception
-	  thrown by the caller has no information on the failure.
-	  In the next release such exception should not be rescued or
-	  should be the cause of the caller exception. nil is accepted
-	  as the "no possible coercion" return value. See #7688.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_numeric.rb: Add corresponding test.
-
-Sat Jun  7 18:15:33 2014  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
-
-	* numeric.c (bit_coerce): remove constant parameter `err'
-	  (always TRUE) of bit_coerce().
-
-Sat Jun  7 16:01:57 2014  Yutaka Kanemoto  <kanemoto@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* cont.c (rb_fiber_struct): keep context.uc_stack.ss_sp and context.uc_stack.ss_size
-	  for later use. Patch by Rei Odaira. [ruby-core:62945] [Bug #9905]
-
-Sat Jun  7 12:51:51 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (read_all): truncate the buffer before appending read data,
-	  instead of truncating before reading.
-	  [ruby-core:55951] [Bug #8625]
-
-Sat Jun  7 12:28:53 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/digest/digest.c (rb_digest_instance_equal): no need to call
-	  `to_s` twice.  [Bug #9913]
-
-Sat Jun  7 11:35:01 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* object.c (rb_mod_initialize_clone): Override Kernel#initialize_clone
-	  to avoid an exception on Class.new.freeze.clone.to_s.
-	  Reported by Andrew Grimm.  [ruby-core:41858] [Bug #5828]
-
-Sat Jun  7 06:03:11 2014  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/digest/digest.c (rb_digest_instance_equal):
-	  fix #== for non-string arguments. [ruby-core:62967] [Bug #9913]
-
-	* test/digest/test_digest.rb: add test for above.
-
-Fri Jun  6 22:19:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (private_recv_p): check by node type, instead of a
-	  magic number.
-
-	* node.h (NODE_PRIVATE_RECV), parse.y (attrset_gen): remove
-
-Fri Jun  6 17:07:08 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each), parse.y (new_attr_op_assign_gen):
-	  allow op assign to a private attribute.
-	  [ruby-core:62949] [Bug #9907]
-
-Fri Jun  6 13:39:32 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (io_setstrbuf, io_read): should not shorten the given buffer until
-	  read succeeds.  [ruby-core:55951] [Bug #8625]
-
-Fri Jun  6 07:41:41 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: dump empty symbols with a
-	  tag so that they can be parsed on input. [Bug #9873] [ruby-core:62825]
-	* test/psych/test_symbol.rb: test for change
-
-Thu Jun  5 16:08:39 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_page_sweep): refactoring.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_page_sweep): should not set, but add final_slots into
-	  sweep_page->final_slots.
-
-Thu Jun  5 14:36:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (jemalloc): check for the header regardless drop-in
-	  libjemalloc is found, for `malloc_conf` declaration.
-
-	* version.c (ruby_show_version): show `malloc_conf` if set.
-	  [Feature #9113]
-
-	* configure.in (with-jemalloc): also check for header, for ABIs
-	  which JEMALLOC_MANGLE is needed, i.e., Mach-O and PE-COFF
-	  platforms.  [ruby-core:62939] [Feature #9113]
-
-	* include/ruby/missing.h: include alternative malloc header to
-	  replace memory management functions.
-
-	* dln.c, io.c, parse.y, st.c: undef malloc family before
-	  re-definition to suppress warnings.
-
-Thu Jun  5 12:52:18 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* man/ruby.1: remove rubyforge entry.
-
-Thu Jun  5 12:45:32 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* misc/README: use github link instead of rubyforge.
-
-Thu Jun  5 10:03:29 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (obj_free): check also FL_PROMOTED bit by RVALUE_OLD_P().
-
-Thu Jun  5 03:45:28 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* configure.in: add --with-jemalloc option
-	  [ruby-core:62912]
-
-Wed Jun  4 22:28:14 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: introduce RZombie to manage zombie objects.
-	  Rewrite finalizing logics with this type.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_verify_internal_consistency): verify zombie (finalizing)
-	  objects count.
-
-Wed Jun  4 22:09:53 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (match_aref, rb_reg_regsub): consider encoding of captured
-	  names, encoding-incompatible should not match.
-	  [ruby-dev:48278] [Bug #9903]
-
-Wed Jun  4 21:23:52 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (match_aref): should not ignore name after NUL byte.
-	  [ruby-dev:48275] [Bug #9902]
-
-Wed Jun  4 04:08:37 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (core_hash_merge_kwd): should return the result hash, which
-	  may be converted from and differ from the given argument.
-	  [ruby-core:62921] [Bug #9898]
-
-Tue Jun  3 23:32:34 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ruby.c (load_file_internal2): Extracted from load_file_internal.
-	  (load_file_internal): Invoke load_file_internal2 using rb_protect.
-	  Close an opened FD if load_file_internal2 raises an exception.
-
-Tue Jun  3 19:11:45 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_objspace_free): should not rest_sweep() here.
-	  Some data structures are already freed.
-
-Tue Jun  3 18:43:51 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: allocate more objects to invoke GC by newobj.
-	  GC allows extending pages depends on heap_increment.
-
-Tue Jun  3 18:01:27 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_gc_call_finalizer_at_exit): add
-	  gc_verify_internal_consistency() when RGENGC_CHECK_MODE >= 2.
-
-Tue Jun  3 17:54:21 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: change the counting method for young objects.
-	  clear counter at the beginning of every GC and
-	  count promoted (infant->young) objects.
-
-	  Some promotions (infant->young) are transition of promoting to old
-	  objects. We should not count such promotions.
-
-	  With this technique, we don't need to check young objects
-	  at obj_free().
-
-Tue Jun  3 16:38:19 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: add verifying counters code in gc_verify_internal_consistency().
-	  gc_verify_internal_consistency() counts all
-	  - live objects
-	  - young objects (if age2 promotion)
-	  - old objects
-	  in all pages and compares with objspace managing counters.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_after_sweep): do gc_verify_internal_consistency()
-	  when RGENGC_CHECK_MODE >= 2.
-
-Tue Jun  3 13:14:04 2014  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/imap.rb (body_type_1part): Gmail IMAP reports a body
-	  type as "MIXED" followed immediately by params
-	  [ruby-core:62864] [Bug #9885]
-	  Patch by @rayners (David Raynes). [Fixes GH-622]
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/622
-
-Tue Jun  3 13:18:24 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (objspace_live_slot): live slot count should not include final
-	  slot (contains T_ZOMBIE) count.
-
-Tue Jun  3 13:03:21 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (obj_free): fix spacing.
-
-Tue Jun  3 12:59:32 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (check_gen_consistency): fix error message.
-
-Tue Jun  3 12:40:23 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: count old/young objects more correctly.
-
-	* gc.c (RVALUE_DEMOTE_FROM_OLD): decrement old object count.
-
-	* gc.c (RVALUE_DEMOTE_FROM_YOUNG): decrement young object count.
-
-	* gc.c (rb_gc_resurrect): increment old object count.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_marks_body): should not add old object count.
-	  This code is completely my misunderstanding.
-
-	* gc.c (rb_gc_force_recycle): decrement young or old object count
-	  correctly.
-
-Tue Jun  3 12:26:47 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/memory_status.rb: add $LOAD_PATH to load test/unit
-	  correctly for fiddle/import unavailable environments.
-
-Tue Jun  3 09:45:13 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb (OpenSSL::TestSSL#test_verify_result):
-	  shouldn't use same server for respective tests, because the 1st
-	  test sometimes kills the server main loop silently.
-	  [Bug #9881] [ruby-dev:48266]
-
-Tue Jun  3 01:34:59 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* README.EXT: [DOC] Add rb_call_super when subclassing from @robin850
-	  [Fixes GH-623] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/623
-
-Mon Jun  2 17:14:49 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm.c (ruby_vm_destruct): remove useless call of
-	  rb_gc_force_recycle().
-
-	  At this line, a VM object is already freed
-	  (is changed to T_NONE) by rb_gc_call_finalizer_at_exit().
-
-Mon Jun  2 15:50:24 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_using_refinement): add write-barriers for
-	  cref->nd_refinements.
-
-Mon Jun  2 12:26:08 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* CONTRIBUTING.md: added contributing guide for github. [fix GH-625]
-
-Mon Jun  2 07:30:33 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (default_warning): New method.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_autoload.rb: Use EnvUtil.default_warning.
-
-Mon Jun  2 07:05:59 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/encoding.h: constify `rb_encoding` arguments.
-
-	* include/ruby/oniguruma.h: constify `OnigEncoding` arguments.
-
-Sun Jun  1 12:05:10 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/drb: Wrap tests definitions by DRbTests module.  This makes
-	  several tests (ACLEntryTest, TestBug4409, etc.) easier to understand
-	  that they are tests for DRb.
-
-Sun Jun  1 11:36:25 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/rinda/ring.rb (RingFinger#make_socket): Close the socket on
-	  exception.
-
-Sun Jun  1 06:55:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (intern_str): dynamic attrset ID is registered by
-	  `rb_id_attrset()` already, so no further registration is needed.
-	  [ruby-core:62861]
-
-Sun Jun  1 04:52:47 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/English.rb: [DOC] $LOADED_FEATURES moved to load.c [Fixes GH-620]
-	  Patch submitted by @leafac in https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/620
-	* doc/globals.rdoc: Added $LOADED_FEATURES to list
-
-Sat May 31 22:30:14 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/leakchecker.rb: Leak checker extracted from
-	  test/lib/minitest/unit.rb.
-
-Sat May 31 21:15:43 2014  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_atfork_internal): My compiler complains
-	  about this variable being used before initialized. I looked at
-	  the code and expanded the macro and turned out it was actually
-	  USED for pointer arithmetic, not dereferenced.  So this was
-	  never a serious bug.  But is annoying indeed to see warnings
-	  every time.  I added `=0` and all went healthy.
-
-	* configure.in: Also, I found that the problematic macro expansion
-	  only happens when we lack __typeof__ C extension, which shall
-	  not be the case of my compiler.  I added AC_C_TYPEOF to kick ass.
-
-Sat May 31 16:32:50 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/ipaddr.rb: extracted inline tests into test dir.
-	* test/test_ipaddr.rb: ditto.
-
-Sat May 31 16:29:21 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/digest/lib/digest/hmac.rb: extracted inline tests into test dir.
-	* test/digest/test_digest_hmac.rb: ditto.
-
-Sat May 31 16:02:03 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/test_syslog.rb: remove executable.
-
-Sat May 31 08:58:32 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/unicode.c (init_case_fold_table): no longer need to
-	  initialize tables at runtime.
-
-	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb (lookup_hash): make perfect hash to
-	  lookup case unfolding table 3.
-
-	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb (lookup_hash): make perfect hash to
-	  lookup case unfolding table 2.
-
-	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb (lookup_hash): make perfect hash to
-	  lookup case unfolding table 1.
-
-	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb (lookup_hash): make perfect hash to
-	  lookup case folding table.
-
-	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb (print_table): merge non-locale and
-	  locale tables, and reduce initializing loops.
-
-	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb (CaseFolding): modularize, and add
-	  --output-file option.
-
-	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb: script to convert CaseFolding.txt,
-	  translated from CaseFolding.py.
-
-Sat May 31 08:31:41 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Check Tempfile leaks for each test method
-	  again.
-
-Sat May 31 03:50:50 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/delegate.rb: [DOC] Document raise in Delegator class
-	  Patch by @lucasmazza. [Fixes GH-621]
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/621
-
-Fri May 30 21:23:26 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/server.rb: Use a pipe to detect server shutdown.
-	  shutdown() or close() for listening socket is not a reliable.
-	  Actually, both doesn't work (doesn't wake up select()) on
-	  DragonFly BSD 3.6.2.
-
-	* test/webrick/utils.rb: :ShutdownSocketWithoutClose is not required
-	  now to immediate server shutdown detection.
-	  This fixes fd leaks.
-
-	* test/net/http/utils.rb: Ditto.
-
-Fri May 30 20:58:37 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb (check_fd_leak): Sort the inspected
-	  objects list for a FD.
-
-Fri May 30 18:06:55 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb (check_fd_leak): Try GC to delete leaked
-	  FDs.
-
-Fri May 30 12:05:59 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/lib/test/unit/parallel.rb (_run_suite): orig_stdout may be nil
-	  though I don't know the reason.
-
-Fri May 30 11:33:35 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_substr): need to reset code range for shared
-	  string too, not only copied string.
-	  [ruby-core:62842] [Bug #9882]
-
-Fri May 30 10:22:21 2014  Mark Lorenz  <mlorenz@covermymeds.com>
-
-	* lib/erb.rb (result): [DOC] no longer accepts a Proc, as
-	  Kernel.eval does not.  [fix GH-619]
-
-Fri May 30 07:25:46 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/-test-/dir: Dir#fileno implemented.
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb (find_fds): Don't return the fd used to
-	  scan /proc/$$/fd.
-
-Fri May 30 04:48:00 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* parse.y (rb_gc_mark_parser): remove, empty since r8758
-	* internal.h: ditto, not usable from extensions since 2.0.0
-	* gc.c (gc_mark_roots): remove checkpoint for parser
-
-Thu May 29 23:27:50 2014  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
-
-	* signal.c (ruby_signal): should return either `old.sa_sigaction`
-	  or `old.sa_handler`, depending on whether `SA_SIGINFO` is set in
-	  `old.sa_flags`, because they may not be a union.
-	  [ruby-core:62836] [Bug #9878]
-
-Thu May 29 23:11:20 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* io.c (pipe_open): Close pipes when rb_execarg_fixup() raises
-	  an exception.
-	  (rb_execarg_fixup_v): New function.
-
-Thu May 29 22:18:57 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb (capture_subprocess_io): Close fds.
-
-Thu May 29 19:47:08 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_s_pipe): Close pipes if io_encoding_set() raises an
-	  exception.
-	  (io_encoding_set_v): New function.
-
-Thu May 29 19:42:49 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/csv.rb (CSV.open): Close the opened file when an exception
-	  occur.
-
-Thu May 29 19:31:10 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (SSLServer#accept): Close a socket
-	  if any exception occur.
-
-Thu May 29 05:05:29 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h: Hide Symbol internals.
-	  (struct RSymbol): moved to internal.h
-	  (RSYMBOL): ditto
-
-Thu May 29 00:28:56 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/unixsocket.c (rsock_init_unixsock): Open a socket
-	  after path length check.
-	  This fixes a fd leak by TestSocket_UNIXSocket#test_too_long_path.
-
-Wed May 28 23:04:35 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_flush_in_finalizer1): Use
-	  ObjectSpace.each_object to close files.
-	  GC.start is not reliable.
-
-Wed May 28 19:00:31 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/net/imap.rb (Net::IMAP#initialize): Close the opened socket when
-	  any exception occur.
-	  This fixes a fd leak by IMAPTest#test_imaps_post_connection_check
-	  which start_tls_session() raises an exception.
-
-Wed May 28 18:06:13 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_close): Fix sync_close to work
-	  when SSL is not started.
-	  This fix the fd leak by test_https_proxy_authentication in
-	  test/net/http/test_https_proxy.rb.
-
-Wed May 28 10:29:28 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm.c (rb_vm_living_threads_foreach): remove function
-	  [ruby-core:62745]
-	* thread.c (terminate_i): remove
-	* thread.c (terminate_all): implement (inlines old terminate_i)
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_terminate_all): use terminate_all
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_fd_close_i): remove
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_fd_close): iterate inline
-	* thread.c (thread_list_i): remove
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_list): iterate inline
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_atfork_internal): iterate inline
-	* thread.c (terminate_atfork_i): update types to remove casts
-	* thread.c (terminate_atfork_before_exec_i): ditto
-	* thread.c (struct thgroup_list_params): remove definition
-	* thread.c (thgroup_list_i): remove
-	* thread.c (thgroup_list): iterate inline
-	* thread.c (check_deadlock_i): remove
-	* thread.c (debug_deadlock_check): implement (inlines check_deadlock_i)
-	* thread.c (debug_i): remove
-	* thread.c (rb_check_deadlock): iterate inline
-	* vm.c (vm_mark_each_thread_func): remove
-	* vm.c (rb_vm_mark): iterate inline
-	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_living_threads_remove): remove
-	* vm_trace.c (clear_trace_func_i): remove
-	* vm_trace.c (rb_clear_trace_func): iterate inline
-
-Wed May 28 09:30:51 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* signal.c (signal_exec): ignore immediate cmd for SIG_IGN
-	* signal.c (trap_handler): set cmd to true for SIG_IGN
-	* signal.c (trap): handle nil and true values for oldcmd
-	  [Bug #9835]
-
-Wed May 28 01:02:54 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/tempfile.rb (Tempfile#inspect): Show "(closed)" if the tempfile
-	  is closed.
-
-Wed May 28 00:38:09 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Use Tempfile#close! instead of
-	  Tempfile#unlink to close file descriptors.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_config.rb: Ditto.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: Ditto.
-
-Wed May 28 00:06:18 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/net/ftp.rb (transfercmd): Close TCP server socket even if an
-	  exception occur.
-
-Tue May 27 23:50:07 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/cgi/core.rb: Use Tempfile#close! instead of Tempfile#unlink
-	  to close file descriptors.
-
-Tue May 27 23:06:46 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_number_literal_suffix): refine error message for
-	  extra dot and digits.
-
-Tue May 27 22:44:20 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/rexml: Avoid fd leaks.
-
-Tue May 27 22:24:25 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_document.rb: Indent.
-
-Tue May 27 22:15:29 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_document.rb: Wrap by REXMLTests module.
-
-Tue May 27 22:11:10 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_encoding_2.rb: Remove a needless file.
-
-Tue May 27 22:10:30 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_contrib.rb: Indent.
-
-Tue May 27 21:28:16 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/ifaddr.c (ifaddr_inspect_flags): support IFF_SIMPLEX.
-
-Tue May 27 21:03:03 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/: Use REXMLTests as wrapping module for REXML tests.
-	  I avoid using the same module for library in test because
-	  it provides "include REXML" environment in test. Normally,
-	  users don't use REXML on "include REXML" environment. So I
-	  don't want to write tests on "include REXML" environment.
-
-Tue May 27 20:59:37 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_comment.rb: Remove needless REXML module wrapping.
-
-Tue May 27 20:56:49 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_pkcs7.rb: Fix inverted expected and actual values.
-
-Tue May 27 20:26:06 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_flush_in_finalizer1): some opened fds are
-	  remain before GC, so unlink the tempfile is failed.
-
-Tue May 27 19:07:26 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_autoclose_p): Don't raise on frozen IO.
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: IO#autoclose? may raise IOError.
-
-Tue May 27 19:01:49 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_pair.rb: Modify TestSSL#test_read_and_write
-	  to handle partial sysreads. [Bug #7398][ruby-core:49563]
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: ditto.
-
-Tue May 27 18:46:23 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_pkcs7.rb: Add tests for PKCS7#type= and add_data.
-	  [Feature #7399][ruby-core:49565]
-
-Tue May 27 17:45:09 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_hmac.rb (test_binary_update): Added Test for
-	  HMAC signing with UTF-8 String. [Bug #7512][ruby-core:50559]
-
-Tue May 27 17:10:14 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/runner.rb: fixed randomly test failure.
-	  [Bug #6573][ruby-core:45563]
-
-Tue May 27 16:58:12 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/test_timeout.rb (test_timeout): inverted test condition.
-	  [Bug #8523]
-
-Tue May 27 12:24:22 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Show leaked file descriptors.
-
-Tue May 27 11:12:56 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_fileno, rb_io_inspect): non-modification does not
-	  error on frozen IO.  [ruby-dev:48241] [Bug #9865]
-
-Tue May 27 00:00:21 2014  yui-knk  <spiketeika@gmail.com>
-
-	* insns.def (defineclass): fix typo in the instruction comment.
-	  [fix GH-618]
-
-Mon May 26 16:33:15 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_file.rb: skip the test of atime on Windows, because
-	  Windows delays updating atime about 1 hour.
-	  see more details:
-	    http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724290%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
-
-Mon May 26 12:25:36 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/optionparser.rb, lib/optparse.rb (OptParse): aliases.
-	  [ruby-core:62751] [Feature #9864]
-
-Mon May 26 07:59:34 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Show Finished threads line-by-line.
-
-Mon May 26 01:39:02 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/csv.rb: Reject nil as data source for CSV.new, patch by @Peeja.
-	  [Fixes GH-580] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/580
-
-Mon May 26 01:07:51 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Show leaked threads and tempfiles
-	  line-by-line.
-
-Sun May 25 23:02:06 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb (MiniTest::Assertions#diff): Remove
-	  tempfiles.
-
-Sun May 25 22:42:27 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Check tempfile leak for each test class.
-
-Sun May 25 20:31:49 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (ac_cv_func_{getcontext,setcontext}): do not
-	  disable ucontext.h entirely, but disable use of functions only.
-	  `ucontext_t` is necessary in the signal handler now.
-
-Sun May 25 20:00:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* signal.c (check_stack_overflow): revert part of r46100, the
-	  previous condition was correct, and fix compilation error on
-	  other architecture linux.  [ruby-core:62746] [Bug #9862]
-
-Sun May 25 17:09:13 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Less ObjectSpace.each_object(Tempfile)
-	  invocation.
-
-Sun May 25 16:54:06 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Use Thread.list instead of
-	  ObjectSpace.each_object(Thread).
-
-Sun May 25 15:53:54 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/rinda/ring.rb (Rinda::RingServer#shutdown): Join the killed
-	  threads.
-
-Sun May 25 15:26:17 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/utils.rb: Override the inspect method of the thread
-	  used in WEBrick::Utils::TimeoutHandler.
-
-Sun May 25 14:22:30 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/openssl: Join threads.
-
-Sun May 25 12:46:47 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* error.c (rb_bug_context): new function to report bug with
-	  context.
-
-	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): accepts `ucontext_t` argument to
-	  dump machine registers.  based on [GH-584].
-
-	* signal.c (sigbus, sigsegv): dump machine registers if available.
-
-Sun May 25 12:32:42 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Sort leaked threads and tempfiles.
-
-Sun May 25 12:15:30 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* signal.c (check_stack_overflow): fix condition to use ucontext
-	  register, mcontext_t dereference, and its member names, on Mac
-	  OS X.
-
-Sun May 25 11:58:26 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* enumerator.c: [DOC] Fix example to show Enumerator#peek behavior
-	  Patch by Erik Hollembeak [Bug #9814]
-
-Sun May 25 11:56:33 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): fix string width when precision is
-	  given.  as the result of `memchr` is NULL or its offset from the
-	  start cannot exceed the size, the comparison was always false.
-	  [ruby-core:62737] [Bug #9861]
-
-Sun May 25 11:32:42 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/yaml.rb: Remove Psych::EngineManager [Bug #8344]
-	* test/psych/*: ditto.
-
-Sun May 25 10:34:15 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* doc/regexp.rdoc: [DOC] Clarify whitespace matching by @allolex
-	  [Fixes GH-606] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/606
-
-Sun May 25 10:19:34 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* enum.c: [DOC] Use #find in example to clarify alias by @rachellogie
-	  Patch submitted via documenting-ruby/ruby#34
-
-Sun May 25 10:16:43 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* cont.c: [DOC] Fix rdoc in example for Fiber#transfer by @majjoha
-	  Patch submitted via documenting-ruby/ruby#33
-
-Sun May 25 10:01:11 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/irb.rb: [DOC] Fixed syntax error in example by @jasdeepsingh.
-	  Patch submitted via documenting-ruby/ruby#32
-
-Sun May 25 09:58:02 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb (test_chown_R): Add tests for
-	  chown_R. [Feature #9383][ruby-core:59641]
-
-Sun May 25 09:57:09 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb: Added recursively chown tests.
-	  [Feature #9303][ruby-core:59325]
-
-Sun May 25 09:41:56 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* class.c: [DOC] Fixed grammar and examples of instance_methods.
-	  By @alex-frost via documenting-ruby/ruby#31
-
-Sun May 25 09:40:44 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Show leaked threads and tempfiles.
-
-Sun May 25 08:54:38 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_partial_record_read.rb: Testing read_nonblock on
-	  a partial TLS record results in IO::WaitReadable by @mohamedhafez.
-	  [fix GH-547]
-
-Sun May 25 08:43:16 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/logger.rb: refactored to include Logger::Period.
-
-Sun May 25 06:50:19 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* vm_eval.c: [DOC] Improve instance_eval description when given a
-	  block or String arguments. By @nathanl via documenting-ruby/ruby#28
-
-Sun May 25 06:29:39 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* array.c: [DOC] Clarify default argument for Array.new.
-	  By @Elffers [Fixes GH-610]
-
-Sat May 24 22:37:20 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* array.c: [DOC] Add more documents to shuffle! and shuffle.
-	  Contributed by @JuanitoFatas [ci skip][fix GH-612]
-
-Sat May 24 22:28:55 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/.document: removed unused configuration.
-
-Sat May 24 19:08:47 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/spec.rb: Unused file removed.
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/autorun.rb: Don't require minitest/spec.
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/benchmark.rb: Ditto.
-
-Sat May 24 18:45:30 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/benchmark/test_benchmark.rb: Use test/unit.
-
-Sat May 24 16:20:59 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* process.c (proc_getgroups, proc_setgroups): use ALLOCV_N
-	  [Bug #9856]
-
-Sat May 24 15:49:39 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb (parallelize_me!): Removed.
-	  This fixes the line-by-line structure of the test result in verbose
-	  mode.  [ruby-core:54905]
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/parallel_each.rb: Removed.
-
-	* test/minitest/test_minitest_mock.rb: Don't call parallelize_me!.
-
-	* test/minitest/test_minitest_spec.rb: Ditto.
-
-	* test/minitest/test_minitest_unit.rb: Ditto.
-	  Tests for parallel feature removed.
-
-Sat May 24 15:29:10 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/hell.rb: Unused file removed.
-
-	* test/lib/minitest/pride.rb: Ditto.
-
-Sat May 24 15:05:32 2014  yui-knk  <spiketeika@gmail.com>
-
-	* enumerator.c (yielder_yield_push): Insert a break after the
-	  method return value.  [fix GH-617]
-
-Sat May 24 14:59:12 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/lib/minitest: Remove comments not appropriate now.
-
-	* test/minitest: Ditto.
-
-Sat May 24 14:02:04 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* NEWS: added minitest changes.
-
-Sat May 24 13:42:46 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/lib/test/unit/test-unit.gemspec: removed needless gemspec file.
-
-Sat May 24 09:39:06 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* defs/default_gems: removed minitest entry.
-
-Sat May 24 06:17:33 2014  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
-
-	*  lib/minitest: minitest 4.7.5 removed. Need to support proper
-	  gem packaging / installation before minitest 5 can be added.
-
-Sat May 24 05:54:06 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/mkconstants.rb: More constants
-
-Sat May 24 00:25:34 2014  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
-
-	* NEWS: add information of incompatibility about Prime.prime?
-	* lib/prime.rb: fix docs.
-
-Fri May 23 21:36:28 2014  Josh Goebel  <dreamer3@gmail.com>
-
-	* net/protocol.rb (using_each_crlf_line): fix SMTP dot-stuffing
-	  for messages not ending with a new-line.
-	  [ruby-core:61441] [Bug #9627] [fix GH-616]
-
-Fri May 23 03:48:08 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_free_m_tbl): mark function as static
-
-	* method.h (rb_free_m_tbl): remove prototype
-
-Thu May 22 22:58:27 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/mkconstants.rb: More TCP option constants.
-	  Describe Linux and glibc versions.
-
-Thu May 22 20:38:10 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (stat_birthtime): add birthtime support [Feature #9647]
-
-	* file.c (rb_stat_birthtime): add File::Stat.birthtime
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_s_birthtime): add File.birthtime
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_birthtime): add File#birthtime
-
-	* configure.in: check struct stat.st_birthtimespec.
-
-Thu May 22 19:38:14 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c: remove IO::Statfs because of reject. [Feature #9772]
-
-Thu May 22 14:02:13 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/jis/props.kwd: constify character property tables of JIS
-	  based encodings by perfect hash.
-
-	* enc/euc_jp.c, enc/shift_jis.c: use character property functions.
-
-Wed May 21 12:21:10 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c: Fix compilation error on Android.
-	  Bionic doesn't define TCP state constants.
-
-Wed May 21 11:42:31 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: workaround for Info.plist to get rid of `dsymutil`
-	  crash by wrong files in parent directories.
-	  [ruby-core:62594] [Bug #9840]
-
-Tue May 20 20:57:34 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_dir.rb (test_glob): added testcase of double
-	  slash path.
-
-Tue May 20 04:58:54 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: Don't check fields of struct tcp_info if the
-	  structure is not available.
-
-Mon May 19 23:13:33 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c (inspect_tcp_info): Permit longer data.  (glibc
-	  2.7 adds tcpi_rcv_rtt, tcpi_rcv_space and tcpi_total_retrans to
-	  struct tcp_info.)
-
-Mon May 19 20:49:07 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c (inspect_tcp_info): New function to inspect
-	  struct tcp_info.
-	  (sockopt_inspect): Use inspect_tcp_info.
-
-	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: Check tcp_info related things.
-
-	* ext/socket/rubysocket.h: Include netinet/tcp_fsm.h if available.
-
-Mon May 19 19:36:39 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/dbm/test_dbm.rb: Use Etc.uname.
-
-	* test/gdbm/test_gdbm.rb: Ditto.
-
-Mon May 19 16:54:22 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_uname): add support for Windows using
-	  GetVersionExW(), GetSystemInfo(), and GetComputerNameExW() with
-	  `ComputerNameDnsHostname`.  [Feature #9842]
-
-Mon May 19 16:29:48 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_pat_search): advance by byte offset but not by char
-	  offset.  [ruby-core:62669] [Bug #9849]
-
-Mon May 19 14:06:18 2014  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
-
-	* bin/testrb: Removed. Forgot to remove in r45971.
-	  [Feature #9711] [ruby-core:62620]
-
-Sun May 18 16:42:08 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_m17n_comb.rb (test_str_crypt): Use Etc.confstr to
-	  detect the glibc version.
-	  libc.so is not an executable on Debian GNU/kFreeBSD 7.0 (wheezy).
-
-Sun May 18 12:15:54 2014  Jonathan Mukai-Heidt  <johnnymukai@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (argf_each_line, argf_inplace_mode_set): [DOC] Update ARGF
-	  documentation examples.  `ARGF.lines` has been deprecated in
-	  favor of `ARGF.each_line`.  [Fixes GH-615]
-
-Sun May 18 11:59:25 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* missing/nextafter.c: Include ruby/missing.h.
-
-Sun May 18 11:09:28 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub: Add nextafter.obj to MISSING.
-
-Sun May 18 10:46:04 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/etc/etc.c: Etc.sysconf, Etc.confstr and IO#pathconf implemented.
-
-	* ext/etc/extconf.rb: Check sysconf(), confstr() and fpathconf().
-
-	* ext/etc/mkconstants.rb: New file.
-
-	   [ruby-core:62600] [Feature #9842]
-
-Sun May 18 09:58:17 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/etc/etc.c: Etc.uname method implemented.
-
-	* ext/etc/extconf.rb: Check uname() function.
-
-	  [ruby-core:62139] [Feature #9770]
-
-Sun May 18 09:16:33 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* configure.in: Check nextafter() availability.
-
-	* include/ruby/missing.h (nextafter): New optional declaration.
-
-	* missing/nextafter.c: New file.
-
-	* numeric.c: Float#next_float and Float#prev_float implemented.
-
-	   [ruby-core:62562] [Feature #9834]
-
-Sun May 18 09:02:17 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* enum.c: Enumerable#slice_after implemented.
-
-	* enumerator.c: Enumerator::Lazy#slice_after implemented.
-
-	  Requested by Tsuyoshi Sawada.  [ruby-core:58123] [Feature #9071]
-
-Sun May 18 08:22:25 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (io_setstrbuf): always check if the buffer is modifiable.
-	  [ruby-core:62643] [Bug #9847]
-
-Sun May 18 01:21:23 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h: Hide Rational internal.
-	  (RRational): Moved to internal.h
-	  (RRATIONAL): Ditto.
-	  (RRATIONAL_SET_NUM): Moved to rational.c.
-	  (RRATIONAL_SET_DEN): Ditto.
-
-	* rational.c (rb_rational_num): New function.
-	  (rb_rational_den): Ditto.
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_rational_num): Declared.
-	  (rb_rational_den): Ditto.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c: Follow the above change.
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: Ditto.
-
-	  [ruby-core:60665] [Feature #9513]
-
-Sat May 17 17:04:32 2014  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
-
-	* NEWS: Add news about removal of lib/test/**/*.rb.
-
-Sat May 17 16:57:33 2014  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
-
-	* lib/test: Removed because ruby's test cases now independent to
-	  lib/test by r45970. [Feature #9711] [ruby-core:62620]
-
-	  I'm still considering about the future of lib/minitest, lib/test.
-	  (bundling gems?)
-
-Sat May 17 15:06:40 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/runner.rb: remove dependency test-unit and minitest
-	  from stdlib when running with test-all.
-	  [Feature #9711][ruby-core:61890]
-	* test/testunit/*.rb: ditto.
-	* test/lib: ditto.
-
-Sat May 17 11:02:49 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (glob_helper): try match PLAIN as well as ALPHA, which are
-	  separated by previous commits.  [ruby-core:61552] [Bug #9648]
-
-	* dir.c (glob_make_pattern): set PLAIN for non-magical path to
-	  skip parts which not need to glob.
-	  [ruby-core:61552] [Bug #9648]
-
-	* dir.c (has_magic): return ALPHA at alphabetical name regardless
-	  FNM_CASEFOLD flag.
-
-	* dir.c (glob_helper): fix conditions for ALPHA.
-	  [ruby-core:61552] [Bug #9648]
-
-Sat May 17 01:49:27 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (glob_helper): reduce matching at non-magical path on
-	  Windows.
-
-Sat May 17 01:49:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (glob_pattern_type): separate names with alphabet but no
-	  magical from plain.
-
-	* dir.c (glob_helper): match plain names as-is to treat super-root
-	  same as the root.  [ruby-core:61552] [Bug #9648]
-
-Fri May 16 17:38:22 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_marks, gc_marks_body): increase the counter of young objects
-	  at the major GC because AGE2Promotion changes all old objects into
-	  young objects at major GC.
-
-Fri May 16 17:26:24 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_before_sweep): heap_pages_swept_slots should contains
-	  heap_pages_increment.
-
-	  For example, GC by exceeding malloc_limit can remain
-	  heap_pages_increment.
-
-Thu May 15 21:18:43 2014  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: enable SSE2 on mingw. target='i386-pc-mingw32'.
-	  [ruby-core:62095] [Bug #8358]
-
-Thu May 15 21:04:06 2014  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: fix test-all parallel failure if a test
-	  is skipped after raise.
-	  DL::TestFunc#test_sinf is skipped after raise on mingw ruby.
-	  But it causes Marshal.load failure due to undefined class/module
-	  DL::DLError when doing test-all parallel and test-all doesn't
-	  complete. We create new MiniTest::Skip object to avoid Marshal.load
-	  failure.
-	  [ruby-core:62133] [Bug #9767]
-
-	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb (TestParallel): add a test.
-
-	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_forth.rb: ditto.
-
-Thu May 15 18:57:23 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (garbage_collect_body): move gc_heap_prepare_minimum_pages()
-	  from gc_sweep().
-
-Thu May 15 18:51:25 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (heap_extend_pages): calculate next growing heap size.
-
-	* gc.c (heap_set_increment): accept addition pages instead of
-	  minimum pages.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_after_sweep): use heap_etend_pages().
-
-	* gc.c (gc_heap_prepare_minimum_pages): add only 1 page.
-
-	* gc.c (heap_ready_to_gc): add only 1 page.
-
-Thu May 15 18:42:49 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: introduce macros to remove magic number.
-
-	  GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_MIN_RATIO = 0.3: guarantee minimum empty slots
-	                                      ratio after sweep.
-	  GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_MAX_RATIO = 0.8: allow to free pages 0.2 (= 1-0.8)
-	                                      of current existing slots.
-
-Thu May 15 17:32:51 2014  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_win32.c (rb_w32_stack_overflow_handler): use Structured
-	  Exception Handling by AddVectoredExceptionHandler() for machine
-	  stack overflow on mingw.
-	  This would be equivalent to the handling using __try and __except
-	  on mswin introduced by r43748.
-
-Wed May 14 19:31:03 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* ext/openssl/depend: remove dependency from internal headers.
-	  [Feature #9612]
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl.c (ossl_fips_mode_set): ditto.
-
-	* ext/coverage/depend: ditto.
-
-	* include/ruby/thread_native.h: added.
-
-	  This header file only provides wrapper functions to control
-	  native threads. These wrapper functions are used by MRI
-	  implementation.
-
-	* vm_core.h: use include/ruby/thread_native.h.
-
-	* thread.c: ditto.
-
-	* thread_pthread.h: ditto.
-
-	* thread_win32.h: ditto.
-
-	* thread_native.h: removed.
-
-Wed May 14 18:03:28 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: enable RGENGC_AGE2_PROMOTION.
-
-Wed May 14 18:02:30 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (rgengc_rememberset_mark): promote remembered object earlier.
-
-Mon May 12 23:57:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99): check whether runtime atan2
-	  handles Inf as C99. [ruby-core:62536] [Bug #9831]
-
-Mon May 12 20:33:01 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* configure.in: Invoke AC_REPLACE_FUNCS for each function.
-
-Mon May 12 19:52:11 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: count young object correctly and show it in GC.stat
-	  on RGENGC_AGE2_PROMOTION.
-
-	* gc.c (RVALUE_PROMOTE_YOUNG): decrement young object count on
-	  YOUNG->OLD.
-
-	* gc.c (obj_free): decrement young object count when young object
-	  freed.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_marks): should not clear young object count.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): GC.stat :young_object information.
-
-Mon May 12 01:30:59 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/ifaddr.c (IS_IFADDRS): Unused macro removed.
-
-	* ext/strscan/strscan.c (BUFSIZE): Ditto.
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (OBJ_IS_FREED): Ditto.
-
-Sun May 11 22:27:18 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* compile.c (BUFSIZE): Unused macro removed.
-
-	* vm.c (BUFSIZE): Ditto.
-
-	* pack.c (INT64toNUM): Ditto.
-	  (UINT64toNUM): Ditto.
-	  (BYTEWIDTH): Ditto.
-
-	* time.c (lshift): Ditto.
-	  (UINT64toNUM): Ditto.
-	  (id_lshift): Unused variable removed.
-
-Sun May 11 21:23:27 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* pack.c (swaps): Unused macro removed.
-	  (swapi): Ditto.
-	  (swapl): Ditto.
-	  (swapll): Ditto.
-
-Sun May 11 08:02:49 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_t): list_head and counter for living_threads
-	  (rb_thread_t): vmlt_node for living_threads linkage
-	  (rb_vm_living_threads_init): new function wrapper
-	  (rb_vm_living_threads_insert): ditto
-	  (rb_vm_living_threads_remove): ditto
-	* vm.c (rb_vm_living_threads_foreach): new function wrapper
-	* thread.c (terminate_i, thread_start_func_2, thread_create_core,
-	  thread_fd_close_i, thread_fd_close): update to use new APIs
-	* vm.c (vm_mark_each_thread_func, rb_vm_mark, ruby_vm_destruct,
-	  vm_memsize, vm_init2, Init_VM): ditto
-	* vm_trace.c (clear_trace_func_i, rb_clear_trace_func): ditto
-	* benchmark/bm_vm_thread_close.rb: added to show improvement
-	* ccan/build_assert/build_assert.h: added as a dependency of list.h
-	* ccan/check_type/check_type.h: ditto
-	* ccan/container_of/container_of.h: ditto
-	* ccan/licenses/BSD-MIT: ditto
-	* ccan/licenses/CC0: ditto
-	* ccan/str/str.h: ditto (stripped of unused macros)
-	* ccan/list/list.h: ditto
-	* common.mk: add CCAN_LIST_INCLUDES
-	  [ruby-core:61871][Feature #9632 (part 1)]
-
-Sun May 11 01:10:31 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* signal.c (rb_f_kill): directly enqueue an ignored signal to self,
-	  except for SIGSEGV and SIGBUS.  [ruby-dev:48203] [Bug #9820]
-
-Sat May 10 22:37:56 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (push_glob): match in UTF-8 on Mac OS X.
-	  [ruby-dev:48213] [Bug #9825]
-
-Sat May 10 13:32:18 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (thread_start_func_2): stop if forked in a sub-thread,
-	  the thread has become the main thread.
-	  [ruby-core:62070] [Bug #9751]
-
-Sat May 10 09:32:19 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* man/ruby.1: remove deadlink. [ruby-core:62145][Bug #9773]
-
-Sat May 10 08:47:36 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* signal.c (trap): Return "SYSTEM_DEFAULT" if SIG_DFL is set.
-
-Fri May  9 14:27:05 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_SETJMP_TYPE): check for setjmp type after
-	  CCDLFLAGS is appended to CFLAGS, since __builtin_setjmp can be
-	  affected.  [ruby-core:62469] [Bug #9818]
-
-Fri May  9 03:59:06 2014  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/delegate.rb: Fix example of using delegator.
-	  patched from Andrey Koleshko. [Fixes GH-505]
-
-Fri May  9 03:42:43 2014  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/shell.rb: add documentation in lib/shell.rb
-	  patched from reprah. [Fixes GH-516]
-
-Fri May  9 03:28:04 2014  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb: show fileutils require at top.
-	  patched from Richard Schneeman. [Fixes GH-604]
-
-Fri May  9 03:07:09 2014  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/prime.rb (Prime#prime?): negative numbers can't be primes
-	  by definition. reported by Ivan Kataitsev. [Bug #7395]
-	* test/test_prime.rb: add test.
-
-Thu May  8 14:34:29 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* class.c (rb_mod_init_copy): always clear instance variable,
-	  constant and method tables first, regardless the source tables.
-	  [ruby-dev:48182] [Bug #9813]
-
-Thu May  8 10:53:14 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: OpenBSD needs to include sys/param.h before include
-	  sys/mount.h. [ruby-dev:48167]
-
-Thu May  8 10:17:04 2014  Karsten Sperling  <karsten@sperling.co.nz>
-
-	* lib/webrick/httpserver.rb (WEBrick::HTTPServer#run): stop
-	  handling requests on shutdown, even if the socket is readable
-	  and IO.select() returns true.  [Fixes GH-607]
-
-	* lib/webrick/server.rb (WEBrick::GenericServer#start): IO.select()
-	  raises ENOTSOCK on shutdown on Windows.
-
-Wed May  7 21:45:00 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (OpenSSL::SSL::SSLServer#accept):
-	  Consider Socket#accept as well as TCPServer#accept.
-	  Reported by Sam Stelfox.  [ruby-core:62064] [Bug #9750]
-
-Wed May  7 17:24:07 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (num_step_scan_args): check keyword arguments and fail
-	  if they conflict with positional arguments.
-	  [ruby-dev:48177] [Bug #9811]
-
-Wed May  7 12:06:14 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* benchmark/driver.rb: remove debug output and output results into
-	  specified file.
-
-Wed May  7 11:55:40 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* benchmark/driver.rb: add '--rawdata-output=[FILE] option to output
-	  raw results into FILE.
-
-Wed May  7 11:25:41 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_f_local_variables): exclude variables hidden by
-	  shadowing.  [ruby-core:60501] [Bug #9486]
-
-	* vm.c (collect_local_variables_in_iseq): ditto.
-
-Tue May  6 23:29:05 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (new_bv_gen): no duplicated names, if already added in
-	  shadowing_lvar().
-
-	* parse.y (local_tbl_gen): remove local variables duplicated with
-	  arguments.
-	  [ruby-core:60501] [Bug #9486]
-
-Tue May  6 18:48:50 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/time.rb (Time.make_time): Adjust the time zone of "now".
-
-Tue May  6 18:33:12 2014  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* io.c (io_{read,write}_nonblock): use rb_get_kwargs instead of
-	  rb_hash_aref.
-
-Tue May  6 18:03:05 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/time.rb (Time.make_time): Argument validation code moved from
-	  Time.parse and Time.strptime.
-
-Tue May  6 17:27:06 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/time.rb (Time.parse): [DOC] Fix an example in the documentation
-	  to use EST.
-	  Reported by Marcus Stollsteimer.
-	  [ruby-core:60778] [Bug #9521] and [ruby-core:61718] [Bug #9682]
-
-Tue May  6 04:31:48 2014  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_f_test): removed meaningless "case 'a'".
-
-Tue May  6 01:28:14 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/open-uri.rb (OpenURI.open_uri): Call StringIO#close only if
-	  the StringIO object is not closed yet.
-	  Reported by Jordi Massaguer Pla.  [ruby-core:42538] [Bug #6010]
-
-Tue May  6 01:08:01 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* benchmark/driver.rb: define File::NULL if not defined and /dev/null
-	  is available to run benchmark driver on ruby 1.9.2.
-
-Mon May  5 23:53:24 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/mkconstants.rb: Add IP_TRANSPARENT.
-	  IP_TRANSPARENT is provieded since glibc-2.12.
-	  Reported by Eliezer Croitoru.  [ruby-core:50372] [Bug #7476]
-
-Mon May  5 22:29:47 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (check_exec_redirect): Open the file in write mode for
-	  redirect from [:out, :err].
-	  Proposed and implemented by Yusuke Endoh.
-	  [ruby-dev:41430] [Feature #3348]
-
-Mon May  5 21:52:35 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb (cleanpath_aggressive): make all
-	  separators File::SEPARATOR from File::ALT_SEPARATOR.
-	  Reported by Daniel Rikowski.
-	  Fixed by Nobuyoshi Nakada.  [Bug #9618]
-
-	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb (cleanpath_conservative): ditto.
-
-Mon May  5 21:48:04 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb (Pathname#/): Aliased to Pathname#+.
-	  Suggested by Alexey Muranov.  [ruby-core:61432] [Feature #9625]
-
-Mon May  5 17:26:09 2014  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* math.c (rb_math_sqrt): omitted exporting an unused function,
-	  anyway.
-	* internal.h: follows the above change.
-
-Mon May  5 11:44:03 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/time.rb (Time.strptime): Raise ArgumentError if Date._strptime
-	  doesn't extract date information.
-	  Reported by tadayoshi funaba.  [ruby-core:62349]
-
-Mon May  5 01:12:27 2014  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (rt_rewrite_frags): a new feature (not a
-	  bug fix) of strptime.  applies offset even if the given date is
-	  not local time (%s and %Q).  This is an exceptional feature and
-	  I do NOT recommend to use this at all.  Thank you git community.
-
-Sun May  4 20:51:32 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/time.rb (Time.force_zone!): Use usual local time if it has
-	  expected offset from UTC.
-
-Sun May  4 17:58:12 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/time.rb (Time.force_zone!): New private method.
-	  (Time.make_time): Use Time.force_zone!.
-	  (Time.strptime): Ditto.
-	  (Time.rfc2822): Ditto.
-	  (Time.xmlschema): Ditto.
-
-	* lib/rss/rss.rb (Time.w3cdtf): Use Time.force_zone!.
-
-Sun May  4 10:22:59 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* math.c (math_atan2): return values like as expected by C99 if
-	  both two arguments are infinity.  based on the patch by cremno
-	  phobia <cremno AT mail.ru> in [ruby-core:62310].  [Feature #9799]
-
-Sun May  4 03:46:42 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/time.rb (Time.httpdate): Always return a UTC Time object.
-
-Sun May  4 03:26:39 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/time.rb (Time.make_time): Refactored.
-
-Sun May  4 02:53:17 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/time.rb (Time.rfc2822): Fix year completion.
-	  Produce fixed-offset time object if appropriate.
-	  (Time.xmlschema): Produce fixed-offset time object if appropriate.
-
-Sat May  3 23:52:20 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/time.rb (make_time): Produce fixed-offset time object if
-	  appropriate.
-	  (Time.strptime): Use d[:zone] instead of d[:offset].
-
-	* lib/rss/rss.rb (Time.w3cdtf): Produce fixed-offset time object if
-	  appropriate.
-
-Sat May  3 20:21:38 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/time.rb (Time.strptime): Use d[:offset] if d[:seconds] is not
-	  given.
-	  Reported by tadayoshi funaba.  [ruby-core:62322]
-
-Sat May  3 04:04:16 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* complex.c (parse_comp): replace ALLOCA_N with ALLOCV_N/ALLOCV_END
-	  [Bug #9608]
-	* rational.c (read_digits): ditto
-
-Sat May  3 00:06:30 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* file.c (HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_BASETYPE): File::Statfs#fstypename
-	  is supported on AIX, HP-UX, and Solaris, by using the value of
-	  struct statvfs.f_basetype.
-
-	* configure.in (HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_BASETYPE): check struct
-	  statvfs.f_basetype which is available on AIX, HP-UX, and Solaris.
-
-Fri May  2 21:04:02 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (next_id): no reason to set ID_STATIC_SYM here, as ID
-	  returned by rb_intern3 can be a dynamic symbol and the static
-	  symbol flag is set otherwise.  [Bug #9787]
-
-Fri May  2 11:32:51 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_seek, test_seek_symwhence): defer
-	  File::Statfs#type call which may not be implemented, to mitigate
-	  errors on platforms where SEEK_DATA is available but f_type in
-	  struct statfs is not.  [ruby-dev:48154] [Bug #9789]
-
-Fri May  2 10:37:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (rb_id_attrset): turn dynamically interned Symbol into
-	  an ID, since rb_str_dynamic_intern returns a Symbol but not an
-	  ID.  [ruby-core:62226] [Bug #9787]
-
-Thu May  1 22:19:34 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* file.c: Change AND condition to nested condition.
-
-Thu May  1 00:36:26 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* file.c (FSTATFS): check availability of struct statfs and
-	  struct statvfs in addition to fstatfs(2) and fstatvfs(2).
-	  This fixes error in Solaris. [Bug #9788] [ruby-dev:48145]
-
-Wed Apr 30 19:46:23 2014  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_after_sweep): suppress unnecessary expanding heap.
-	  Tomb heap pages are freed pages here, so expanding heap is
-	  not required.
-
-Wed Apr 30 17:58:40 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm.c (invoke_block_from_c): add VM_FRAME_FLAG_BMETHOD to record
-	  it is bmethod frame.
-
-	* vm.c (vm_exec): invoke RUBY_EVENT_RETURN event if rollbacked frame
-	  is VM_FRAME_FLAG_BMETHOD.
-	  [Bug #9759]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test for TracePoint/set_trace_func.
-
-	* vm_core.h: rename rb_thread_t::passed_me to
-	  rb_thread_t::passed_bmethod_me to clarify the usage.
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_bmethod_body): use renamed member.
-
-Wed Apr 30 17:06:49 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (rb_id_attrset): pin down dynamic symbol only. it is
-	  possible that attrset ID can be registered as a static symbol
-	  after the corresponding attrget ID has been registered as a
-	  dynamic, and then the latter may be collected.
-	  [ruby-core:62226] [Bug #9787]
-
-Tue Apr 29 14:17:57 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/tmpdir.rb: Rescue LoadError on etc.so for miniruby.
-	  Revert r45707, r45711, r45717.
-
-Tue Apr 29 12:50:02 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb: Don't need to define fu_get_gid and fu_get_gid in
-	  rescue LoadError on 'etc'.
-
-Tue Apr 29 10:21:38 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* parse.y (symbols_i): like r45492, call rb_gc_resurrect().
-
-Tue Apr 29 04:29:05 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* file.c (HAVE_STRUCT_STATFS_T_F_FSTYPENAME): Add new macro for
-	  statfs_t.
-	* file.c (HAVE_STRUCT_STATFS_T_F_TYPE): ditto.
-
-	* file.c (rb_io_statfs): check FSTATFS macro only instead of
-	  HAVE_FSTATFS and HAVE_FSTATVFS.
-
-	* file.c (statfs_type): use new macro.
-	* file.c (statfs_fstypename): ditto.
-	* file.c (statfs_inspect): ditto.
-
-Tue Apr 29 00:20:26 2014  Rajarshi Das  <rajarshid@cybage.com>
-
-	* bootstraptest/test_literal.rb: fix typo of "dynamic".  [ci skip]
-
-	* regexp.rdoc: fix typo of "organized".  [ci skip]
-
-	* lib/session.rb: fix typo of "recognized".  [ci skip]
-
-Mon Apr 28 21:40:27 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (HAVE_STRUCT_STATFS_F_TYPE): check struct statfs.f_type
-	  to support OpenBSD.
-
-	* file.c (statfs_type): use above macro to switch.
-
-	* file.c (statfs_inspect): ditto.
-
-Mon Apr 28 18:06:08 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: check struct statvfs and struct statvfs.f_fstypename.
-
-	* configure.in: on NetBSD fstatfs is obsoleted.
-
-	* file.c: support NetBSD for File::Statfs.
-
-Mon Apr 28 17:42:42 2014  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c: This argument must be a pointer.
-
-Mon Apr 28 17:40:15 2014  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c: Fix typos. These are undefined variables.
-
-Sun Apr 27 19:39:42 2014  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_strptime.c (date__strptime_internal): do not
-	  overwrite century.
-
-Sat Apr 26 11:50:08 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_enum.rb (test_flat_map): Added test for flat_map.
-	  Contribute from @igaiga. [fix GH-598]
-
-Sat Apr 26 10:55:33 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (compile_array_): make copy a first hash not to modify
-	  the argument itself.  keyword splat should be non-destructive.
-	  [ruby-core:62161] [Bug #9776]
-
-Sat Apr 26 08:05:36 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_rlimit_nofile): Don't limit
-	  RLIMIT_NOFILE too small.
-	  This fix sporadic "[ASYNC BUG] thread_timer: select" on GNU/Linux.
-
-Fri Apr 25 22:54:34 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (rmdir): rescue Errno::EEXIST in addition to
-	  ENOTEMPTY (and ENOENT), because SUSv3 describes that "If the
-	  directory is not an empty directory, rmdir() shall fail and set
-	  errno to [EEXIST] or [ENOTEMPTY]" and Solaris uses EEXIST.
-	  [Bug #9571] [ruby-dev:48017]
-
-Fri Apr 25 19:16:30 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/utils.rb: Don't rescue LoadError for 'etc' extension.
-
-Fri Apr 25 14:55:59 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (rb_cv_func___builtin_unreachable): try with an
-	  external variable not only by a warning, which might not be
-	  shown due to the optimization.  [ruby-core:61647] [Bug #9665]
-
-Fri Apr 25 13:11:49 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: NetBSD's ksh, used by configure, needs escapes.
-
-Fri Apr 25 12:51:08 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: correct pthread_setname_np's prototype on NetBSD.
-	  [Bug #9586]
-
-Thu Apr 24 23:17:25 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (fu_get_uid, fu_get_gid): Etc.getpwnam/getgrnam may
-	  returns nil.
-
-	* lib/webrick/utils.rb (su): ditto.
-
-Thu Apr 24 22:55:22 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* bootstraptest/test_io.rb: Add etc.so to $" before require 'tmpdir'.
-
-Thu Apr 24 21:09:55 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* man/ruby.1: fix broken link.
-
-Thu Apr 24 20:53:02 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/tmpdir.rb: Don't need to rescue LoadError for etc.so.
-
-Thu Apr 24 17:39:53 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (statfs_inspect): suppress warnings.
-	  assume those values won't be larger than LONG_LONG_MAX.
-
-Thu Apr 24 11:53:28 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (ossl_asn1_initialize): SYMID on a value
-	  other than Symbol is an undefined behavior.  fix up r31699.
-	  [ruby-core:62142] [Bug #9771]
-
-Thu Apr 24 11:21:37 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (rb_sym2id, rb_sym2id_without_pindown): return 0 for
-	  non-symbol values, for the time being.
-
-Thu Apr 24 05:50:13 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (dsym_node_gen): like r45492, call rb_gc_resurrect().
-
-Wed Apr 23 20:36:22 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/etc/extconf.rb: Build ext/etc unconditionally.
-
-Wed Apr 23 14:10:50 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (statfs_fsid): remove statfs.f_fsid because it doesn't return
-	  meaningful value portably. http://togetter.com/li/658517
-
-Wed Apr 23 11:03:41 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_write): use rb_str_append to
-	  reuse coderange bits other than ASCII-8BIT, and keep
-	  taintedness.  [ruby-dev:48118] [Bug #9769]
-
-Wed Apr 23 00:43:00 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c, include/ruby/win32.h (ustatfs): implementation of
-	  statfs(2) clone. [EXPERIMENTAL]
-
-	* file.c (rb_io_statfs): use above function.
-
-	* configure.in, win32/Makefile.sub (struct statfs): available.
-
-Tue Apr 22 23:56:24 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_io_stafs): use statfs(2) if fstatfs(2) is unavailable.
-
-	* configure.in (fstatfs): check it.
-
-Tue Apr 22 22:15:51 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_io_statfs): need to define even if the system doesn't have
-	  fstatfs(2).
-
-	* test/ruby/test_file.rb (TestFile#test_statfs): skip if IO#stafs is not
-	  implemented.
-
-Tue Apr 22 19:32:48 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c: newly added a class File::Statfs. (experimental)
-
-Tue Apr 22 08:22:33 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (objspace_malloc_increase): don't cause GC by malloc_increase
-	  when memop type is MEMOP_TYPE_REALLOC.
-
-	  GC at realloc is not well maintained.
-	  We need a time to make it safe.
-	  [ruby-dev:48117]
-
-Tue Apr 22 06:54:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (objspace_malloc_increase): run full mark if 0x04 bit is
-	  set in ruby_gc_stress.  [ruby-core:62103] [Feature #9761]
-
-	* gc.c (objspace_malloc_increase): run GC after realloc not only
-	  malloc and calloc by GC.stress.  [ruby-core:62103] [Feature #9761]
-
-Mon Apr 21 19:12:20 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_coderange_scan_restartable): coderange is always
-	  ENC_CODERANGE_VALID if the string is ASCII-8BIT and already has a non
-	  ASCII character.
-
-Mon Apr 21 19:02:44 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (coderange_scan): remove useless condition `p < e` after
-	  search_nonascii.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_coderange_scan_restartable): ditto.
-
-Mon Apr 21 18:55:21 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/-test-/string/coderange.c: add Bug::String.new#coderange_scan
-	  to explicitly scan coderange.
-
-Mon Apr 21 18:19:35 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (coderange_scan): remove unused logic.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_coderange_scan_restartable): ditto.
-
-Mon Apr 21 14:11:48 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_putc): fix for non-ascii
-	  encoding, like as IO#putc.  [ruby-dev:48114] [Bug #9765]
-
-Sun Apr 20 12:57:15 2014  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* st.c (st_foreach_check): change start point of search at check
-	  from top to current. [ruby-dev:48047] [Bug #9646]
-
-Sun Apr 20 08:41:33 2014  Andrew DeMaria  <ademariad@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (link_command, libpathflag, create_makefile): prefer
-	  user specified `$LIBPATH` than `$DEFLIBPATH`.  [ruby-core:62100]
-	  [ruby-trunk - Bug #9760]
-
-Sun Apr 20 06:01:18 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_gc_writebarrier): drop special case for big hash/array
-	  [Bug #9518]
-
-Sat Apr 19 15:38:29 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (primary): flush cmdarg flags inside left-paren in a
-	  command argument, to allow parenthesed do-block as an argument
-	  without arguments parentheses.  [ruby-core:61950] [Bug #9726]
-
-Sat Apr 19 10:07:24 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* internal.h (struct RBignum): Use size_t for len.
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_big_new): Use size_t instead of long to
-	  specify the size of bignum.
-	  (rb_big_resize): Ditto.
-
-	* bignum.c: Follow above changes.
-
-	* rational.c: Follow above changes.
-
-	* marshal.c: Follow above changes.
-
-Sat Apr 19 00:32:07 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (rb_num2long): Returns a long.
-	  (rb_num2ulong): Returns a unsigned long.
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_big2long): Returns a long.
-	  (rb_big2ulong): Returns a unsigned long.
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h: Follow above changes.
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h: Follow above changes.
-	  (rb_num2long_inline): No need to cast.
-	  (rb_num2ulong_inline): Ditto.
-
-Sat Apr 19 00:17:20 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (SHARABLE_SUBSTRING_P): predicate if substring can be
-	  shared with the original string.  true if just at the end of the
-	  original string, for the time being.  all substring will be able to
-	  be shared in the future.
-
-Fri Apr 18 21:48:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_new_frozen): consider the shared string at
-	  middle.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_subseq, rb_str_substr, str_byte_substr): share
-	  middle of a string.
-
-Fri Apr 18 15:40:05 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c: use uintptr_t instead of VALUE because they are not ruby
-	  object.
-
-Fri Apr 18 14:51:42 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c: check str_strlen's argument, and add comment or
-	  use NULL if simply it uses str's enc.
-
-Fri Apr 18 14:32:40 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (str_strlen): use enc_strlen if the coderange is known.
-
-Fri Apr 18 14:21:21 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (enc_strlen): move UTF-8 optimization from str_strlen to
-	  enc_strlen.
-
-Fri Apr 18 08:50:18 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (rb_cv_getcwd_malloc): check if getcwd allocates
-	  buffer if NULL is given [ruby-core:62072] [Bug #9752]
-
-Thu Apr 17 16:28:10 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* prelude.rb: [DOC] Update Thread::exclusive docs by @stevenharman.
-
-Thu Apr 17 10:03:53 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#copy_entry): update rdoc about
-	  preserve option and permissions, following r31123.
-	  [ruby-core:62065] [Bug #9748]
-
-Wed Apr 16 23:47:36 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enum.c (dont_recycle_block_arg): fix condition to recycle block
-	  argument.  lambda with rest can get internal array directly.
-	  [ruby-core:62060] [Bug #9749]
-
-Wed Apr 16 09:51:16 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c (ossl_pkey_verify): as EVP_VerifyFinal()
-	  finalizes only a copy of the digest context, the context must be
-	  cleaned up after initialization by EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup() or a
-	  memory leak will occur.  [ruby-core:62038] [Bug #9743]
-
-Tue Apr 15 19:36:42 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/win32.h (rb_w32_cmdvector): removed.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_sysinit): use WCHAR version of GetCommandLine()
-	  internally.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (w32_cmdvector): renamed from rb_w32_cmdvector.  use
-	  WCHAR* instead of char* internally.
-
-	these changes are expected to not changing the behavior yet.
-
-Tue Apr 15 19:26:05 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/extmk.rb: Re-generate extmk.mk and dummy makefiles only if
-	  really required.
-	  This fixes a problem to run multiple test-all concurrently as:
-	  make test-all & make test-all & make test-all & ...
-
-Tue Apr 15 12:49:53 2014  Sam Rawlins  <sam.rawlins@gmail.com>
-
-	* enum.c (enum_each_slice, enum_each_cons): make more efficient by
-	  allocating less and recycling block argument arrays if possible.
-	  [Fixes GH-596]
-
-Mon Apr 14 18:44:45 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): get base addrs in fill_lines to use it
-	  with dladdr_fbases introduced at r45563.
-	  it didn't get before if the executable is not pie.
-
-Mon Apr 14 18:05:48 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (main_exe_path): support FreeBSD.
-	  At least sh, csh, tcsh, bash, and zsh sets realpath of the main
-	  executable for dladdr, but gdb doesn't.
-
-Mon Apr 14 17:20:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* proc.c (umethod_bind): use the ancestor iclass instead of new
-	  iclass to get rid of infinite recursion, if the defined module
-	  is already included.  [ruby-core:62014] [Bug #9721]
-
-Sun Apr 13 12:46:58 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (SIZEOF_BDIGIT): Renamed from SIZEOF_BDIGITS.
-
-	* internal.h: Ditto.
-
-	* marshal.c: Ditto.
-
-	* rational.c: Ditto.
-
-Sun Apr 13 10:18:09 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* common.mk: Unused target, $(MKMAIN_CMD), removed.
-
-	* Makefile.in (MKMAIN_CMD): Unused macro removed.
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (MKMAIN_CMD): Ditto.
-
-Sat Apr 12 22:11:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (sym_to_proc), proc.c (rb_block_clear_env_self): clear
-	  caller's self which is useless, so that it can get collected.
-	  [Fixes GH-592]
-
-Sat Apr 12 09:26:48 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c:  [DOC] Document OpenSSL::OCSP.
-
-Fri Apr 11 18:52:38 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* array.c (ARY_SET): added.
-
-	  ARY_SET() is same functionality of RARRAY_ASET(), but
-	  it has an assertion (`ary' doesn't have shared array).
-
-Fri Apr 11 16:54:26 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* array.c: make shared arrays WB-protected objects.
-
-	  Shared arrays were WB-unprotected object because
-	  sharing array can modify shared array's buffer
-	  if it occupied shared array.
-
-	  [sharing array (ary)] -> [shared array (shared)] -> <buff>
-	                |                                       A
-	                +---------------------------------------+
-	             write `buff' with WB(ary, &buff[i], obj)
-	             -> if `ary' and `shared' are old, then only `ary'
-	                will be remembered.
-	             -> traverse from `ary'. But `shared' is old, so
-	                that written `obj' is not marked.
-
-	  It cause WB miss so that shared arrays were WB-unprotected.
-	  (WB-unprotected objects are marked everytime if it is living)
-
-	  This patch insert WB() for `shared' if it is needed.
-
-Fri Apr 11 15:05:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* proc.c (rb_method_call_with_block, umethod_bind): call with
-	  IClass including the module for a module instance method.
-	  [ruby-core:61936] [Bug #9721]
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_super_method): allow bound
-	  UnboundMethod case.
-
-Fri Apr 11 12:02:30 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines): set base address
-	  which is retrieved from dladdr to dladdr_fbases, to skip already
-	  parsed objects.
-
-Fri Apr 11 12:44:50 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (ary_reject): may be turned into a shared array during
-	  the given block.  [ruby-dev:48101] [Bug #9727]
-
-Thu Apr 10 23:41:21 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/net/ftp.rb (Net::FTP#login): [DOC] The default password for
-	  anonymous login was changed to "anonymous@" in r25313.
-
-Thu Apr 10 19:22:58 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_array.rb: remove useless `assert'.
-
-Thu Apr 10 19:11:11 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_modify): remember shared array owner if a shared
-	  array owner is promoted and a shared array is not promoted.
-
-	  Now, shared array is WB-unprotected so that shared arrays are not
-	  promoted.  All objects referred from shared array should be marked
-	  correctly.
-
-	  [ruby-core:61919] [ruby-trunk - Bug #9718]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_array.rb: add a test for above.
-
-Thu Apr 10 18:57:12 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_verify_internal_consistency): move lines and enable
-	  allrefs_dump() on RGENGC_CHECK_MODE >= 4.
-
-Thu Apr 10 15:01:06 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (append_obj): clear allocated memory.
-
-	* addr2line.c (rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines): free `base_addrs'.
-
-Thu Apr 10 14:40:18 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_gc_writebarrier_unprotect_promoted): disable to dump debug
-	  message when RGENGC_CHECK_MODE == 0.
-
-Thu Apr 10 08:13:47 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* signal.c (check_stack_overflow): Don't use ucontext_t if ucontext.h
-	  is not available.
-	  Fixes build on Android (x86).
-
-Wed Apr  9 23:22:44 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* gc.c (mark_current_machine_context): Call SET_STACK_END.
-	  This reverts a hunk of r40703 by ko1.
-	  This fixes [ruby-dev:48098] [Bug #9717].
-
-Wed Apr  9 21:02:04 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (OBJ2UID1): Defined even if getpwnam_r is not usable.
-	  (OBJ2GID1): Defined even if getgrnam_r is not usable.
-	  This fixes compilation error on Android.
-
-Wed Apr  9 15:16:59 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* encoding.c (rb_enc_default_internal): fix rdoc.  `__FILE__` is
-	  in filesystem encoding but not `default_internal`.
-	  [ruby-core:61894] [Bug #9713]
-
-Wed Apr  9 14:43:00 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: more long timeout.
-	  This test failed under RGENGC_CHECK_MODE >= 2.
-
-Wed Apr  9 13:07:13 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: get rid of __builtin_setjmp/__builtin_longjmp on
-	  x64-mingw, which causes SEGV with callcc.
-	  [ruby-core:61887] [Bug #9710]
-
-Wed Apr  9 12:44:54 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (str_buf_cat): should round up the capacity by 4KiB,
-	  but not number of rooms.  [ruby-core:61886] [Bug #9709]
-
-Tue Apr  8 22:55:32 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#dir_config): [DOC] Improve
-	  documentation.
-
-Tue Apr  8 22:31:44 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: rename `RGENGC_THREEGEN' to `RGENGC_AGE2_PROMOTION'.
-
-	* gc.c (rgengc_rememberset_mark): don't promote, but remain in
-	  remember set for infant objects.
-
-	* gc.c (RVALUE_PROMOTE_INFANT, RVALUE_PROMOTE_YOUNG): count numbers
-	  in these functions.
-
-Mon Apr  7 21:11:49 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_s_getnameinfo): Save errno for EAI_SYSTEM.
-	  Reported by Saravana kumar.  [ruby-core:61820] [Bug #9697]
-	  Fixed by Heesob Park.  [ruby-core:61868]
-
-Mon Apr  7 07:20:23 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/xmlrpc/client.rb (do_rpc): don't check body length.
-	  If HTTP content-encoding is used, the length may be different.
-	  [Bug #8182] [ruby-core:53811]
-
-Mon Apr  7 02:39:48 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Add Matrix#cofactor [fix GH-568]
-	  Add first_minor [fix GH-568]
-	  Handle empty diagonal matrix case [fix GH-576]
-	  Patches by gogotanaka
-
-Sun Apr  6 08:52:50 2014  Bugra Barin  <bugrabarin@hotmail.com>
-
-	* dln.c (dln_load): use wchar version to load a library in
-	  non-ascii path on Windows.  based on the patch by Bugra Barin
-	  <bugrabarin AT hotmail.com> in [ruby-core:61845].  [Bug #9699]
-
-Sat Apr  5 19:36:33 2014  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (d_lite_cmp): should compare with #<.
-
-Sat Apr  5 00:31:21 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/readline/extconf.rb (rl_hook_func_t): check pointer type.
-	  [ruby-dev:48089] [Bug #9702]
-
-Fri Apr  4 07:13:44 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp): should not skip
-	  flags restoration in RUBY_WERROR_FLAG by `break`.
-	  [ruby-dev:48086] [Bug #9698]
-
-Wed Apr  2 21:50:06 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp): __builtin_longjmp()
-	  in Apple LLVM 5.1 (LLVM 3.4svn) uses `void**`, not `jmp_buf`.
-	  [Bug #9692]
-
-Wed Apr  2 20:57:15 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c, gc.h (rb_objspace_each_objects_without_setup):
-	  Add a new (hidden) C-API to iterate objspace snapshot.
-
-	  This API is not safe to call any C-APIs in a given callback
-	  function. Be careful to use this C-API.
-
-Wed Apr  2 17:43:17 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp): gcc 4.9 disallows a
-	  variable as the second argument of __builtin_longjmp().
-	  [ruby-core:61800] [Bug #9692]
-
-Wed Apr  2 15:12:18 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* common.mk: Use redmine-2.x url for DeveloperHowto wiki.
-	  [ruby-core:60657] [Bug #9511]
-
-Wed Apr  2 11:46:29 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb (Pathname#join): Fix error with
-	  empty args. Reported by ko1 via IRC.
-
-	* test/pathname/test_pathname.rb (TestPathname#test_join): Add the
-	  test for above case.
-
-Tue Apr  1 11:39:57 2014  James Edward Gray II  <james@graysoftinc.com>
-
-	* lib/csv.rb: Symbol HeaderConverter: strip leading/trailing space.
-	  Reported by Skye Shaw
-	  [Fixes GH-575]
-
-Tue Apr  1 11:34:04 2014  James Edward Gray II  <james@graysoftinc.com>
-
-	* lib/csv.rb: Don't attempt to convert nil headers.
-	  Reported by Skye Shaw
-
-Tue Apr  1 17:29:35 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/config_files.rb (ConfigFiles.download): show failed URI.
-	  [ruby-core:61792] [Bug #9690]
-
-Tue Apr  1 12:06:49 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines): don't depend hard coded
-	  symbol '_start'.
-
-	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): instead of above, get a dynamic symbol
-	  in the main executable and use it to know the base address.
-
-	* addr2line.c (follow_debuglink0): use obj_info_t instead of
-	  line_info_t to handle object related data.
-
-	* addr2line.c (main_exe_path): defined for Linux.
-
-Tue Apr  1 08:58:39 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* parse.y (rb_str_dynamic_intern): set mark bit if dynamic symbol
-	  is before sweeping.
-
-Tue Apr  1 07:37:00 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): use dynsym, which is used for dynamic
-	  linking and always exists, if there's no symtab.
-
-Tue Apr  1 07:27:15 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_dump.c (rb_print_backtrace): current implementation
-	  uses dladdr to get the path of objects.
-
-Mon Mar 31 23:57:45 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/readline/extconf.rb: fix typo, `$defs` not `$DEFS`.
-	  [ruby-core:61756] [Bug #9578]
-
-Mon Mar 31 17:23:50 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/memory_status.rb: require envutil before accessing EnvUtil
-	  module.  reported by ko1 via twitter.
-
-Mon Mar 31 10:28:01 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* st.c (st_init_table_with_size): update comment
-	  [Feature #9425]
-
-Sun Mar 30 23:39:26 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_accept, open_ifs_socket, socketpair_internal):
-	  reset inherit flag of socket to avoid unintentional inheritance of
-	  socket.  note that the return value of SetHandleInformation() is not
-	  verified intentionally because old Windows may return an error.
-	  [Bug #9688] [ruby-core:61754]
-
-Sat Mar 29 13:04:22 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_before_sweep): cap `malloc_limit' to
-	  gc_params.malloc_limit_max.  It can grow and grow with such case:
-	    `loop{"a" * (1024 ** 2)}'
-	  [Bug #9687]
-
-	  This issue is pointed by Tim Robertson.
-	  http://www.omniref.com/blog/blog/2014/03/27/ruby-garbage-collection-still-not-ready-for-production/
-
-Fri Mar 28 19:32:13 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* struct.c (not_a_member): extract name error and use same error
-	  messages.  based on the patch by Marcus Stollsteimer <sto.mar AT
-	  web.de> at [ruby-core:61721].  [Bug #9684]
-
-Fri Mar 28 09:21:54 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: update gemspec for psych-2.0.5
-
-Fri Mar 28 09:11:06 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: Merge psych-2.0.5. bump version to
-	  libyaml-0.1.6 for CVE-2014-2525.
-	* ext/psych/yaml/config.h: ditto.
-	* ext/psych/yaml/scanner.c: ditto.
-	* ext/psych/yaml/yaml_private.h: ditto.
-
-Thu Mar 27 18:58:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (match_regexp): set regexp for MatchData from string.
-
-	* re.c (rb_backref_set_string): create MatchData from string and
-	  set backref.
-
-	* string.c (rb_pat_search, rb_str_sub, rb_str_sub_bang, str_gsub),
-	  (scan_once, rb_str_scan, rb_str_partition): use rb_str_index
-	  instead of rb_reg_search() when pattern is a String.  based on
-	  the patch by Sam Rawlins <sam.rawlins@gmail.com> [Fixes GH-579]
-
-Thu Mar 27 11:58:55 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): check shdr[i].sh_type because even if
-	  .symtab section exists, the section's type can be SHT_NOBITS and
-	  actual data doesn't exist in the file.
-	  revert r45441.
-
-Wed Mar 26 14:57:35 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y: inline must be static (for mswin).
-	  fixed build error introduced at r45426.
-
-Wed Mar 26 14:33:00 2014  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* internal.h (USE_SYMBOL_GC): enable Symbol GC by default (USE_SYMBOL_GC == 1).
-
-Tue Mar 25 22:57:11 2014  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* parse.y: support Symbol GC. [ruby-trunk Feature #9634]
-	  See this ticket about Symbol GC.
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h:
-	  Declare few functions.
-	  * rb_sym2id: almost same as old SYM2ID but support dynamic symbols.
-	  * rb_id2sym: almost same as old ID2SYM but support dynamic symbols.
-	  * rb_sym2str: almost same as `rb_id2str(SYM2ID(sym))` but not
-	    pin down a dynamic symbol.
-	  Declare a new struct.
-	  * struct RSymbol: represents a dynamic symbol as object in
-	    Ruby's heaps.
-	  Add few macros.
-	  * STATIC_SYM_P: check a static symbol.
-	  * DYNAMIC_SYM_P: check a dynamic symbol.
-	  * RSYMBOL: cast to RSymbol
-
-	* gc.c: declare RSymbol. support T_SYMBOL.
-
-	* internal.h: Declare few functions.
-	  * rb_gc_free_dsymbol: free up a dynamic symbol. GC call this
-	    function at a sweep phase.
-	  * rb_str_dynamic_intern: convert a string to a dynamic symbol.
-	  * rb_check_id_without_pindown: not pinning function.
-	  * rb_sym2id_without_pindown: ditto.
-	  * rb_check_id_cstr_without_pindown: ditto.
-
-	* string.c (Init_String): String#intern and String#to_sym use
-	  rb_str_dynamic_intern.
-
-	* template/id.h.tmpl: use LSB of ID as a flag for determining a
-	  static symbol, so we shift left other ruby_id_types.
-
-	* string.c: use rb_sym2str instead `rb_id2str(SYM2ID(sym))` to
-	  avoid pinning.
-
-	* load.c: use xx_without_pindown function at creating temporary ID
-	  to avoid pinning.
-
-	* object.c: ditto.
-
-	* sprintf.c: ditto.
-
-	* struct.c: ditto.
-
-	* thread.c: ditto.
-
-	* variable.c: ditto.
-
-	* vm_method.c: ditto.
-
-Wed Mar 26 13:25:54 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): loop reverse order not to overwrite
-	  the basis of base addresses comparison.
-
-	* addr2line.c: use uintptr_t instead of intptr_t for pointers.
-
-	* addr2line.c (rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines): don't use syms.
-
-	* vm_dump.c (rb_print_backtrace): ditto.
-
-	* addr2line.h: ditto.
-
-Wed Mar 26 11:20:50 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* marshal.c (w_object): internal objects are not dumpable.
-	  [ruby-core:61677] [Bug #9674]
-
-	* ext/thread/thread.c (undumpable): ConditionVariable and Queue
-	  are not dumpable.  [ruby-core:61677] [Bug #9674]
-
-Wed Mar 26 10:36:39 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (follow_debuglink): show message if it closes opened
-	  (and maybe used) elf binary.
-
-Wed Mar 26 10:34:25 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (fill_line): pass and use offset instead of
-	  curobj_baseaddr.
-
-Wed Mar 26 09:07:48 2014  Yutaka Kanemoto  <kanemoto@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: add --disable-pie. [Feature #9673]
-
-Wed Mar 26 08:47:04 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): don't run fill_lines multiple times.
-
-Wed Mar 26 08:45:00 2014  Sam Rawlins  <sam.rawlins@gmail.com>
-
-	* internal.h: add prototype for rb_reg_search0
-
-	* re.c: rename rb_reg_search to rb_reg_search0, add set_backref_str
-	  argument to allow callers to indicate that they don't require the
-	  backref string to be allocated.
-
-	* string.c: don't allocate backref str if replacement string is provided
-
-	[GH-578] [Bug #9676] [ruby-core:61682]
-
-Wed Mar 26 08:29:43 2014  mo khan  <mo@mokhan.ca>
-
-	* lib/rubygems.rb: fix spelling of Jim Weirich.  [Fixes GH-577]
-
-Wed Mar 26 01:55:45 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines): a function to get must
-	  be a function in the main executable, whose absolute path is not
-	  available by dladdr, and ruby get it by /proc/self/exe on Linux.
-
-Wed Mar 26 01:34:50 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): skip if path is NULL.
-
-Tue Mar 25 23:57:17 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_yylex): only a newline after label should be
-	  significant.  [ruby-core:61658] [Bug #9669]
-
-Tue Mar 25 23:32:25 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb (Pathname#join): remove unnecessary
-	  unshift.
-
-	* test/pathname/test_pathname.rb (TestPathname#test_join): add tests.
-
-Tue Mar 25 16:47:36 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (lex_state_e, parser_params, f_arglist, parser_yylex):
-	  separate EXPR_LABELARG from EXPR_BEG and let newline significant,
-	  so that required keyword argument can place at the end of
-	  argument list without parentheses.  [ruby-core:61658] [Bug #9669]
-
-Mon Mar 24 22:19:56 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (ripper_initialize): filename can not be modified.
-
-Mon Mar 24 15:19:47 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines): fetch path of the
-	  executable from /proc/self/exe on Linux.
-
-Mon Mar 24 14:14:37 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c: Fix up default GC params by @csfrancis [fix GH-556]
-
-Mon Mar 24 13:13:36 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (parse_debug_line_cu): explicitly specify signed char
-	  because DWARF's line_Base is signed char and char maybe unsigned.
-	  patched by Rei Odaira. [ruby-dev:48068] [Bug #9654]
-
-Sun Mar 23 11:03:50 2014  Kohei Suzuki  <eagletmt@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_get_without_cache): me->klass is 0
-	  for a method aliased in a module.  [ruby-core:61636] [Bug #9663]
-
-Sun Mar 23 08:12:27 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* st.c (hash_pos): use bitwise AND to avoid slow modulo op
-	  (new_size): power-of-two sizes for hash_pos change
-	  (st_numhash): adjust for common keys due to lack of prime modulo
-	  [Feature #9425]
-	* hash.c (rb_any_hash): right shift for symbols
-	* benchmark/bm_hash_aref_miss.rb: added to show improvement
-	* benchmark/bm_hash_aref_sym_long.rb: ditto
-	* benchmark/bm_hash_aref_str.rb: ditto
-	* benchmark/bm_hash_aref_sym.rb: ditto
-	* benchmark/bm_hash_ident_num.rb: added to prevent regression
-	* benchmark/bm_hash_ident_obj.rb: ditto
-	* benchmark/bm_hash_ident_str.rb: ditto
-	* benchmark/bm_hash_ident_sym.rb: ditto
-
-Sat Mar 22 22:56:45 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): compare the file names of object in which
-	  symbols exist. [Bug #9654] [ruby-dev:48058]
-
-Sat Mar 22 06:46:16 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/cgi/util.rb (escape_html, unescape_html): make synonyms
-	  aliases instead of wrapper methods.
-
-	* lib/cgi/util.rb (escape_element, unescape_element): ditto.
-	  [Fixes GH-573]
-
-Fri Mar 21 21:57:34 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* configure.in: Fix a build problem with clang and --with-opt-dir.
-	  If ruby is configured with --with-opt-dir=dir when using clang
-	  as compiler, a warning `clang: warning: argument unused during
-	  compilation: '-I dir'` is emitted almost every time clang
-	  compiles a file.  Unfortunately, RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX takes
-	  any output from the compiler as fatal error, and the check thus
-	  fails due to the warning.  This is an attempt to fix the problem
-	  by adding a flag -Qunused-arguments to CFLAGS locally in the
-	  function to suppress the warning. [ruby-dev:48062] [Bug #9658]
-	  [Fixes GH-571] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/571
-
-Fri Mar 21 16:31:56 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* gc.c: [DOC] Fix call-seq for GC.start by @jasonrclark [Fixes GH-572]
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/572
-
-Thu Mar 20 11:37:28 2014  James Edward Gray II  <james@graysoftinc.com>
-
-	* lib/csv.rb: Fixed a broken regular expression that was causing
-	  CSV to miss escaping some special meaning characters when used
-	  in parsing.
-	  Reported by David Unric
-	  [ruby-core:54986] [Bug #8405]
-
-Thu Mar 20 16:53:07 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (objspace_malloc_increase): should not invoke
-	  garbage_collect_with_gvl() here on non-ruby threads.
-
-	  Should just ignore the malloc_increase.
-
-	  This issue is pointed by Eric Wong [ruby-core:61519].
-
-Thu Mar 20 13:05:16 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* struct.c (rb_struct_alloc): use RARRAY_CONST_PTR() instead of
-	  RARRAY_PTR().
-
-Thu Mar 20 12:59:39 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_obj_call_init, rb_class_new_instance):
-	  constify a parameter (VALUE *).
-	  I believe this incompatibility doesn't break any code.
-	  However, if you have trouble, please tell us.
-
-	* eval.c, object.c: ditto.
-
-Thu Mar 20 12:31:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_get_without_cache): get rid of
-	  infinite recursion at aliases in a subclass and a superclass.
-	  return actually defined class for other than singleton class.
-	  [ruby-core:60431] [Bug #9475]
-
-Wed Mar 19 17:13:06 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* time.c (time_mload): freeze and preserve marshal-loaded time zone
-	* test/ruby/test_time.rb: add test for GC on loaded object
-	  [Bug #9652]
-
-Tue Mar 18 23:20:12 2014  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (eval_string_with_cref): Unify to use NIL_P.
-
-Tue Mar 18 22:03:41 2014  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (eval_string_with_cref): Use file path even if scope is
-	  given. Related to [ruby-core:56099] [Bug #8662] and r42103.
-
-Mon Mar 17 13:17:47 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* enumerator.c (enumerator_block_call): use RARRAY_CONST_PTR()
-	  instead of RARRAY_PTR().
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_s_popen): ditto.
-
-	* numeric.c (num_step_size): ditto.
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_apply): ditto.
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_eval_cmd): ditto.
-
-Mon Mar 17 10:11:59 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* variable.c (rb_const_set): delete existing entry on redefinition
-	  [Bug #9645]
-	* test/ruby/test_const.rb (test_redefinition): test for leak
-
-Sun Mar 16 21:33:01 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/time.rb: [DOC] Fix timezone in example of Time.parse [Bug #9521]
-	  Based on patch by @stomar
-
-Sun Mar 16 13:21:40 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (DLDFLAGS): insert a space between option and its
-	  argument for non-GCC compilers.  [ruby-core:61429] [Bug #9624]
-
-Sun Mar 16 08:05:06 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* gc.c (objspace_xcalloc): fix GC accounting
-
-Sun Mar 16 06:33:35 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): return address is just after calling
-	  address. Therefore noreturn function with tail call's return
-	  address may be in another function.
-
-Sun Mar 16 05:51:55 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/gserver.rb: [DOC] Fixed typo in example by @stomar [Bug #9543]
-
-Sat Mar 15 18:54:03 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* ext/.document: remove refinement from documentable directories.
-
-Sat Mar 15 11:02:58 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (DLDFLAGS): check for each options to control
-	  symbol resolution.  [ruby-core:61429] [Bug #9624]
-
-Sat Mar 15 07:02:35 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* st.c (st_update): remove unnecessary assignment
-
-Fri Mar 14 14:58:38 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): fetch symbol names from ELF binary's
-	  symbol table if it is built with cc -g and not stripped.
-	  Now ruby can show static symbols on Linux though glibc's
-	  backtrace_symbols(3) don't show them.
-
-	* addr2line.c (rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines): use dladdr(3) to
-	  detect what object file declares the symbol because
-	  dl_iterate_phdr can't detect the main executable file
-	  and codes on the stack.
-	  NOTE: signal trampolines sometimes on the user stack. (FreeBSD)
-
-	* addr2line.c (rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines): stop showing
-	  backtrace if the function's name is main.
-	  NOTE: FreeBSD's backtrace (libexecinfo) shows _start and
-	  an additional address. Why it doesn't remove them on dladdr phase
-	  is, dladdr may fail to detect the main function but detect
-	  as _start function. Therefore it must be after scanning
-	  the symbol table and getting correct name.
-
-
-Fri Mar 14 12:07:46 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* doc/syntax/literals.rdoc: [DOC] Single quote strings allows escape
-	  of backslash as well, patch by @idupree [Fixes GH-553]
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/553
-
-Fri Mar 14 01:18:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (invoke_block_from_c): add splattable argument.
-
-	* vm.c (vm_invoke_proc): disallow to splat when directly invoked.
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_callee_setup_arg_complex, vm_callee_setup_arg):
-	  relax arity check of yielded lambda.  [ruby-core:61340] [Bug #9605]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_yield.rb (TestRubyYieldGen#emu_bind_params): no
-	  longer raise ArgumentError when splatting to lambda.
-
-Thu Mar 13 23:51:02 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/-test-/win32/dln/libdlntest.c (dlntest_ordinal): no need to
-	  specify export in the source file because .def file do it.
-	  get rid of warning on linking.
-
-Wed Mar 12 11:19:03 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_callee_setup_arg): disable fastpath if splat
-	  argument, since argc may differ for each calls.
-	  [ruby-core:61422] [Bug #9622]
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_callee_setup_arg): turn a macro into an
-	  inline function.
-
-Wed Mar 12 07:26:05 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* insns.def (opt_regexpmatch2): respect redefined match op
-	  Thanks to Sam Rawlins for the fix.
-	* test/ruby/test_string.rb: test based on Tsuyoshi Sawada's report
-	  [Bug #9581]
-
-Tue Mar 11 22:31:25 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* ext/.document: add objspace/objspace_dump.c to document file.
-
-Tue Mar 11 22:22:38 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb (TestObjSpace#test_dump_uninitialized_file):
-	  remove dependency on json library.
-
-Tue Mar 11 10:55:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* README.EXT{,.ja} (Appendix B): update contents of `ruby_options`
-	  and replace `ruby_run` with `ruby_run_node`.  based on the patch
-	  by Kaneko Yuichiro at [ruby-dev:48030] [Bug #9619].
-
-Tue Mar 11 06:54:00 2014  Scott Francis  <scott.francis@shopify.com>
-
-	* ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c: Check fptr before trying to dump RFILE
-	  object fd. [GH-562]
-
-	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb: add test
-
-Tue Mar 11 02:04:36 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): show vm maps on FreeBSD.
-
-	* vm_dump.c (procstat_vm): copied from FreeBSD.
-	  http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/usr.bin/procstat/procstat_vm.c?revision=261780
-
-Mon Mar 10 12:14:26 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: always check dladdr(1).
-
-	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): show the line number in C backtrace if
-	  ruby is built without --enable-shared (PIE) on Linux.
-	  patch is originally by Shinichiro Hamaji
-	  https://twitter.com/shinh/status/441957774264504321
-	  NOTE: ld doesn't insert __executable_start for PIE.
-	  dladdr(3)'s argument must be a function pointer.
-
-Mon Mar 10 10:51:17 2014  ksss  <co000ri@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_enumerator.rb (test_iterators): fix test for hash
-	  iterators.  [Fixes GH-558]
-
-Sun Mar  9 14:14:49 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* class.c (rb_class_subclass_add): use xmalloc
-	* class.c (rb_module_add_to_subclasses_list): ditto
-	* class.c (rb_class_remove_from_super_subclasses): use xfree
-	* class.c (rb_class_remove_from_module_subclasses): ditto
-	  [Bug #9616]
-
-Sun Mar  9 13:51:16 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/function.c (function_call): fix memory leak when an
-	  exception occurs at argument conversion or the function call.
-
-Sun Mar  9 06:42:40 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* variable.c (struct global_variable): shrink by 8 bytes on 64-bit
-
-Sat Mar  8 17:42:51 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm.c (add_opt_method): cleanup to use rb_method_entry_at
-
-Sat Mar  8 13:46:40 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/dl/cptr.c (dlptr_free), ext/dl/handle.c (dlhandle_free),
-	  ext/fiddle/handle.c (fiddle_handle_free),
-	  ext/fiddle/pointer.c (fiddle_ptr_free): fix memory leak.
-	  based on the patch Heesob Park at [ruby-dev:48021] [Bug #9599].
-
-Sat Mar  8 13:30:39 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c (obj2uid, obj2gid): now getpwnam_r() and getgrnam_r()
-	  may need larger buffers than sysconf values, so retry with
-	  expanding the buffer when ERANGE is returned.
-	  [ruby-core:61325] [Bug #9600]
-
-Fri Mar  7 19:29:13 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_body): use RARRAY_CONST_PTR
-	  (check_funcall_exec): ditto
-	  [ruby-core:61360]
-
-Fri Mar  7 19:14:11 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_body): fix RB_GC_GUARD location
-	  (check_funcall_exec): ditto
-	  [Bug #9609]
-
-Fri Mar  7 14:48:17 2014  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* parse.y (ENC_SINGLE): Unused macro removed.
-
-Fri Mar  7 12:06:19 2014  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Reuse TLS default options from
-	  OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext::DEFAULT_PARAMS.
-
-Thu Mar  6 15:15:24 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* doc/syntax/assignment.rdoc: [DOC] Fix assignment directions
-	  By @idupree [Fixes GH-555] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/555
-
-Thu Mar  6 15:07:18 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc: [DOC] Fix example for block arguments
-	  By @idupree [Fixes GH-554] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/554
-
-Thu Mar  6 10:33:31 2014  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/openssl/ssl.rb: Explicitly whitelist the default
-	  SSL/TLS ciphers. Forbid SSLv2 and SSLv3, disable
-	  compression by default.
-	  Reported by Jeff Hodges.
-	  [ruby-core:59829] [Bug #9424]
-
-Wed Mar  5 15:56:18 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (f_arg_asgn): define optional arguments as argument
-	  variables in the rhs default expressions.
-	  [ruby-core:61299] [Bug #9593]
-
-Wed Mar  5 11:58:30 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl.c (ossl_make_error): check NULL for unknown
-	  error reasons with old OpenSSL, and insert a colon iff formatted
-	  message is not empty.
-
-Wed Mar  5 00:42:00 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb (Pathname#find): add "ignore_error"
-	  keyword argument defaulted to true as well as Find#find.
-
-Tue Mar  4 23:00:18 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_eval.rb (TestEval#make_test_binding): renamed.
-	  it's not test method.
-
-Tue Mar  4 20:50:59 2014  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* st.c (st_foreach): fix type of hash. not st_data_t but st_index_t.
-
-Tue Mar  4 19:41:40 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* Makefile.in: ".DEFAULT" target removed because it is not for
-	  specifying default target.
-
-Tue Mar  4 00:25:35 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* lib/find.rb (Find#find): should pass ignore_error option to enumerators.
-
-Mon Mar  3 13:27:35 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/test_find.rb (TestFind#test_unsearchable_dir): ruby cannot make
-	  directory unreachable by owner on Windows.
-
-Mon Mar  3 08:10:04 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_get_without_cache): disable GMC
-	  writing if GMC is disabled.
-	  [ruby-core:61218]
-
-Mon Mar  3 07:47:17 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* README.EXT: wrap GetDBM with do/while(0)
-	* README.EXT.ja: ditto
-	* ext/dbm/dbm.c: ditto, likewise for GetDBM2
-	* ext/gdbm/gdbm.c: ditto
-	* ext/sdbm/init.c: ditto
-	  [ruby-core:61217]
-
-Mon Mar  3 07:17:31 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* NEWS: [DOC] Update doc regarding filesystem load when flushing IO
-
-Mon Mar  3 04:37:50 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_fsync): need to fsync even if on Windows.  fixed mistake
-	  of r45254 and r45256.
-
-Mon Mar  3 04:21:34 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/win32ole: get rid of warnings (unused variable).
-
-Mon Mar  3 02:53:53 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_flush_raw): [EXPERIMENTAL] remove force syncing for Win32
-	  to speed up IO.  this may break some tests, and they'll be fixed
-	  later.
-	  [ruby-core:58570] [Bug #9153]
-
-Mon Mar  3 00:17:43 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_backtrace.rb: get rid of warnings.  unused variable,
-	  shadowing.
-
-Sun Mar  2 11:15:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/find.rb (Find#find): add "ignore_error" keyword argument
-	  defaulted to true.  [ruby-core:51025] [Feature #7596]
-
-Sun Mar  2 11:13:30 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/readline/extconf.rb (rl_hook_func_t): define as Function for
-	  very old readline versions.  [ruby-core:61209] [Bug #9578]
-
-Sun Mar  2 10:47:58 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* load.c (ruby_init_ext): make idempotent to suppress warnings
-
-Sat Mar  1 19:51:42 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/open3.rb (Open3.capture3): Ignore Errno::EPIPE for writing
-	  stdin_data.
-	  (Open3.capture2): Ditto.
-	  (Open3.capture2e): Ditto.
-
-Sat Mar  1 19:06:47 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* gc.c (ruby_gc_set_params): simplify condition
-
-Sat Mar  1 16:18:40 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c (Init_readline): Use rl_hook_func_t instead
-	  of Function to support readline-6.3.  (rl_hook_func_t is available
-	  since readline-4.2.)
-	  Reported by Dmitry Medvinsky.  [ruby-core:61141] [Bug #9578]
-
-Sat Mar  1 16:05:58 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* gc.c (ruby_gc_set_params): fix building without RGenGC
-
-Sat Mar  1 11:08:00 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: support dumping Encoding
-	  objects.
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: support loading Encoding
-	  objects.
-
-	* test/psych/test_encoding.rb: add test
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: add version
-
-Sat Mar  1 10:52:34 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* README.EXT.ja: [DOC] Fix typo "macro macro" @utenmiki [Fixes GH-551]
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/551
-
-Fri Feb 28 11:16:55 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* numeric.c: Fix Numeric#step with 0 unit [Bug #9575]
-
-Thu Feb 27 17:59:01 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb: [DOC] Add example of generating help with optparse.
-	  Patch by @joelmccracken documenting-ruby/ruby#19
-	  https://github.com/documenting-ruby/ruby/pull/19
-
-Thu Feb 27 12:10:09 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (ruby_num_interval_step_size): check signs and get rid
-	  of implementation dependent behavior of negative division.
-	  [ruby-core:61106] [Bug #9570]
-
-Thu Feb 27 03:55:45 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* thread.c: [DOC] Typo in comment for _FORTIFY_SOURCE [Fixes GH-548]
-	  Patch by @qnet-herwin https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/548
-
-Wed Feb 26 18:43:43 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (heap_pages_free_unused_pages): check tomb page availability
-	  at first.
-	  And return immediately if we don't touch sorted list any more.
-
-Wed Feb 26 14:10:44 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (setup_exception): preserve exception class name encoding
-	  in debug mode messages.
-
-	* eval.c (setup_exception): preserve errinfo across calling #to_s
-	  method on the exception.  [ruby-core:61091] [Bug #9568]
-
-Wed Feb 26 01:29:27 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (sym_find): Add Symbol.find(str), which returns whether given
-	  string is defined as symbol or not. [Feature #7854]
-
-Tue Feb 25 22:52:02 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* ext/dl/dl.c (rb_dl_realloc): use NUM2SIZET instead of NUM2INT.
-
-	* ext/fiddle/fiddle.c (rb_fiddle_realloc): ditto.
-
-Tue Feb 25 22:49:30 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* ext/dl/dl.c (rb_dl_malloc): use NUM2SIZET instead of NUM2INT.
-	  Coverity Scan found this bug.
-
-	* ext/fiddle/fiddle.c (rb_fiddle_malloc): ditto.
-
-Tue Feb 25 12:06:13 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub: define PACKED_STRUCT.
-
-Mon Feb 24 21:41:56 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* README.md, README.ja.md: removed (wrong) mode setting for emacs.
-
-Mon Feb 24 20:05:41 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* configure.in: define PACKED_STRUCT_UNALIGNED for x86*
-	* timev.h (struct vtm): use PACKED_STRUCT_UNALIGNED
-	* time.c (struct time_object): ditto
-	  [Bug #9558] non-x86 cannot safely access unaligned addresses
-
-Mon Feb 24 18:10:02 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/fiddle/test_function.rb: remove unused variables.
-	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb: ditto.
-	* test/io/console/test_io_console.rb: ditto.
-
-Mon Feb 24 12:37:51 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* configure.in: use -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat for GCC 4.4+
-	  use __attribute__((packed)) if available
-	* timev.h: shrink and pack struct vtm
-	* time.c: pack struct time_object and adjust/introduce helpers
-	  [ruby-core:60794]
-
-Sun Feb 23 17:55:50 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/xmltokens.rb: Add missing non ASCII valid characters
-	  to element name characters. Now, REXML name tokens exactly
-	  match "[5] Name" in the XML spec and "[4] NCName" in the
-	  Namespaces in XML spec. See comment about the details.
-	  [Bug #9539]  [ruby-core:60901]
-	  Reported by Mario Barcala. Thanks!!!
-
-	* test/rexml/xpath/test_node.rb: Add tests for the above case.
-
-Sun Feb 23 12:18:54 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (inet_pton): use rb_w32_inet_pton, instead of
-	  inet_pton directly, which is unavailable on older version Windows.
-
-	* include/ruby/win32.h, win32/win32.c (rb_w32_inet_pton): add a
-	  wrapper function for inet_pton minimum supported client is
-	  Vista, as well as inet_ntop.
-
-Sun Feb 23 11:33:25 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/net/imap/test_imap.rb: remove unused variables.
-	* test/net/imap/test_imap_response_parser.rb: ditto.
-	* test/net/pop/test_pop.rb: ditto.
-
-Sun Feb 23 02:19:51 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb (bind_random_port): Rescue EPERM for FreeBSD which
-	  security.mac.portacl.port_high is changed.
-	  See mac_portacl(4) for details.
-	  Reported by Jakub Szafranski.  [ruby-core:60917] [Bug #9544]
-
-Sat Feb 22 23:17:01 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/xpath_parser.rb: Fix indent.
-
-Sat Feb 22 23:15:35 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/xpath/test_attribute.rb: Simplify.
-
-Sat Feb 22 20:28:47 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: more friendly.
-
-Sat Feb 22 20:24:43 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_xpath*.rb: Move to ...
-	* test/rexml/xpath/*.rb: ... here.
-
-Sat Feb 22 20:04:41 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/listener.rb: Untabify.
-
-Sat Feb 22 19:07:31 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_dev): need read access for conout$
-	  because some functions need it.  [Bug#9554]
-
-Sat Feb 22 18:40:58 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* .gitignore: ignore benchmark files
-
-Sat Feb 22 01:22:24 2014  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* bignum.c (bary_mul_precheck): fix a copy-paste error.
-	  Coverity Scan found this bug.
-
-Sat Feb 22 00:58:51 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (rb_getaddrinfo): second argument of
-	  MEMZERO is type.  Coverity Scan found this bug.
-
-Fri Feb 21 23:47:24 2014  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/init.c (wait_connectable): break if the socket is
-	  writable to avoid infinite loops on FreeBSD and other platforms
-	  which conforms to SUSv3.  This problem cannot be reproduced with
-	  loopback interfaces, so it's hard to write test code.
-	  rsock_connect() and wait_connectable() are overly complicated, so
-	  they should be refactored, but I commit this fix as a workaround
-	  for the release of Ruby 1.9.3 scheduled on Feb 24.
-	  [ruby-core:60940] [Bug #9547]
-
-Fri Feb 21 23:03:39 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: added to handle redmine tickets.
-
-Fri Feb 21 20:42:01 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* class.c (rb_mod_init_copy): do nothing if copying self.
-	  [ruby-dev:47989] [Bug #9535]
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_initialize_copy): ditto.
-
-Fri Feb 21 16:45:54 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/logger.rb (next_rotate_time, previous_period_end): consider
-	  DST change.
-
-	* lib/logger.rb (Logger::LogDevice#check_shift_log): compare the
-	  current time with the time for the next rotation to fix rotation
-	  miss when date changed between the comparison and log writing.
-	  based on the patch by megayu <yuhg2310 AT gmail.com>.
-	  [Fixes GH-539]
-
-Fri Feb 21 10:39:33 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	*  test/monitor/test_monitor.rb: remove unused variables.
-	*  test/resolv/test_dns.rb: ditto.
-	*  test/rexml/test_functions.rb: ditto.
-	*  test/rss/test_setup_maker_itunes.rb: ditto.
-
-Fri Feb 21 09:48:56 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_sendmsg_internal): only retry on error
-	  (bsock_recvmsg_internal): ditto
-	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: test above for infinite loop
-
-Fri Feb 21 08:27:19 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RB_GC_GUARD):
-	  use rb_gc_guarded_ptr_val on non-GCC/MSC
-	* gc.c (rb_gc_guarded_ptr_val): rename and adjust argument.
-	  RB_GC_GUARD should be robust enough for any compiler.
-	  [ruby-core:60816] [Bug #7805]
-
-Thu Feb 20 22:21:26 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (numeric_getaddrinfo): Use xcalloc.
-	  Suggested by Eric Wong.
-	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/9525#note-14
-
-Thu Feb 20 11:21:13 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_flatten): fix behavior of flatten(-1).
-	  [ruby-dev:47988] [Bug #9533]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_array.rb: test for above.
-
-Wed Feb 19 18:57:02 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket: Bypass getaddrinfo() if node and serv are numeric.
-	  Reporeted by Naotoshi Seo.  [ruby-core:60801] [Bug #9525]
-
-	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: Detect struct sockaddr_in6.sin6_len.
-
-	* ext/socket/sockport.h (SET_SIN6_LEN): New macro.
-	  (INIT_SOCKADDR_IN6): Ditto.
-
-	* ext/socket/rubysocket.h (struct rb_addrinfo): Add
-	  allocated_by_malloc field.
-
-	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (numeric_getaddrinfo): New function.
-	  (rb_getaddrinfo): Call numeric_getaddrinfo at first.
-	  (rb_freeaddrinfo): Free struct addrinfo properly when it is
-	  allocated by numeric_getaddrinfo.
-
-Wed Feb 19 18:31:48 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket: Wrap struct addrinfo by struct rb_addrinfo.
-
-Wed Feb 19 17:47:01 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/ipsocket.c (ip_s_getaddress): Don't access freed memory.
-
-Wed Feb 19 11:39:41 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: it must see rb_cv_broken_memmem not rb_cv_func_memmem.
-
-Tue Feb 18 23:18:41 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/socket/test_socket.rb: unix socket is required by test case.
-
-Tue Feb 18 20:48:38 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/socket/test_addrinfo.rb: remove unused variables.
-	* test/socket/test_nonblock.rb: ditto.
-	* test/socket/test_socket.rb: ditto.
-	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: ditto.
-	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb: ditto.
-	* test/webrick/test_filehandler.rb: ditto.
-	* test/xmlrpc/test_features.rb: ditto.
-	* test/zlib/test_zlib.rb: ditto.
-
-Tue Feb 18 14:27:18 2014  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: Requires minitest < 5.0.0 if Gem is available.
-
-Tue Feb 18 14:24:07 2014  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/test-unit.gemspec: Add minitest < 5.0.0 dependency
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb: Add empty implementations for `add_dependency`,
-	  `add_runtime_dependency`, `add_development_dependency` for
-	  Gem::Specification.
-
-Tue Feb 18 12:06:39 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* configure.in (FILE_COUNT): Removed.  (win32.c defines it in itself.)
-	  (FILE_READPTR): Ditto.
-
-Tue Feb 18 09:35:44 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/test/psych/test_string.rb: remove unused variables.
-	* test/test/psych/test_yaml.rb: ditto.
-
-Mon Feb 17 21:31:31 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: ignore warning messages for running with -w
-	  option such as chkbuild.
-
-Mon Feb 17 20:00:27 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* internal.h: Move BDIGIT and related definitions from
-	  include/ruby/defines.h.
-
-Mon Feb 17 17:41:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* marshal.c (marshal_dump, marshal_load): do not recycle wrapper
-	  objects, to prevent from segfault with continuation.
-	  [ruby-dev:47970] [Bug #9523]
-
-Mon Feb 17 15:43:59 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* doc/keywords.rdoc: [DOC] Add keywords doc by documenting-ruby/ruby#29
-	  https://github.com/documenting-ruby/ruby/pull/29
-
-Mon Feb 17 12:31:31 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (get_envparam_double): fix a warning message.
-
-Mon Feb 17 12:09:52 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c: introduce new environment variable
-	  "RUBY_GC_HEAP_OLDOBJECT_LIMIT_FACTOR" to control major/minor GC
-	  frequency.
-
-	  Do full GC when the number of old objects is more than R * N
-	  where R is this factor and
-                N is the number of old objects just after last full GC.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: add a test.
-
-Mon Feb 17 11:28:40 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/test_pty.rb: ignore warnings to unused variables.
-
-Mon Feb 17 11:27:36 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/test_find.rb: remove unused variables.
-
-Sun Feb 17 02:12:00 2014  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_initialize): Insert GC guard.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_global_new): ditto.
-
-Sun Feb 16 15:53:36 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/test_securerandom.rb: File.exists? is deprecated. use File.exist?
-
-Sun Feb 16 15:05:00 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/pathname/test_pathname.rb: File.exists? is deprecated. use File.exist?
-
-Sun Feb 16 15:00:28 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/net/ftp/test_ftp.rb: remove unused variables.
-	* test/logger/test_logger.rb: ditto.
-
-Sun Feb 16 14:52:46 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* dir.c (dir_s_glob): RB_GC_GUARD instead of volatile
-
-Sun Feb 16 14:33:52 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RBIGNUM_SIGN): Defined for compatibility.
-	  (RBIGNUM_POSITIVE_P): Ditto.
-	  (RBIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P): Ditto.
-
-Sun Feb 16 12:46:47 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_f_backquote): trade volatile for manual recycle
-	  rb_gc_force_recycle ensures object is visible until recycle
-
-Sun Feb 16 11:55:14 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* marshal.c (marshal_dump): use rb_gc_force_recycle for GC-safety
-	  (marshal_load): ditto
-	  [ruby-core:60730] [Bug #7805]
-
-Sun Feb 16 08:11:23 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* README.EXT.ja: [DOC] Fix typo by @utenmiki [Fixes GH-534]
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/534
-
-Sun Feb 16 07:48:20 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BIGNUM_ZERO_P): Unused macro removed.
-
-Sun Feb 16 06:12:23 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* internal.h: Rename macro names: RBIGNUM_FOO to BIGNUM_FOO.
-	  (BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_NUMBITS): Renamed from RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_NUMBITS.
-	  (BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX): Renamed from RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX.
-	  (BIGNUM_SIGN_BIT): Renamed from RBIGNUM_SIGN_BIT.
-	  (BIGNUM_SIGN): Renamed from RBIGNUM_SIGN.
-	  (BIGNUM_SET_SIGN): Renamed from RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN.
-	  (BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P): Renamed from RBIGNUM_POSITIVE_P.
-	  (BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P): Renamed from RBIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P.
-	  (BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG): Renamed from RBIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG.
-	  (BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK): Renamed from RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK.
-	  (BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT): Renamed from RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT.
-	  (BIGNUM_LEN): Renamed from RBIGNUM_LEN.
-	  (RBIGNUM_DIGITS): Renamed from RBIGNUM_DIGITS.
-	  (BIGNUM_LENINT): Renamed from RBIGNUM_LENINT.
-
-	* bignum.c: Follow the above change.
-
-	* gc.c: Ditto.
-
-	* marshal.c: Ditto.
-
-	* math.c: Ditto.
-
-	* numeric.c: Ditto.
-
-	* random.c: Ditto.
-
-	* rational.c: Ditto.
-
-	* sprintf.c: Ditto.
-
-	* ext/-test-/bignum/bigzero.c: Ditto.
-
-	* ext/-test-/bignum/intpack.c: Ditto.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c: Ditto.
-
-Sat Feb 15 20:48:49 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* configure.in (FILE_READEND): Don't detect it because it is not used.
-
-Sat Feb 15 13:22:28 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* probes_helper.h (RUBY_DTRACE_HOOK): correct type for _id
-
-Sat Feb 15 11:47:47 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_big_cmp): Avoid bignum allocation for comparison
-	  between bignum and fixnum.
-
-Sat Feb 15 10:55:12 2014  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/-test-/win32/fd_setsize/depend: fix wrong dependencies.
-	  [ruby-dev:47253]
-
-Sat Feb 15 00:38:54 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* enum.c: Enumerable#{min,min_by,max,max_by} extended to take an
-	  optional argument.
-	  (nmin_cmp): New function.
-	  (nmin_block_cmp): Ditto
-	  (nmin_filter): Ditto.
-	  (nmin_i): Ditto.
-	  (nmin_run): Ditto.
-	  (enum_min): Call nmin_run if the optional argument is given.
-	  (nmin_max): Ditto.
-	  (nmin_min_by): Ditto.
-	  (nmin_max_by): Ditto.
-
-	* range.c: Range#{min,max} extended to take an optional argument.
-	  (range_min): Call range_first if the optional argument is given.
-	  (range_max): Call rb_call_super if the optional argument is given.
-
-	[ruby-core:57111] [Feature #8887]
-
-Sat Feb 15 00:27:46 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h,
-	  internal.h,
-	  ext/-test-/bignum/bigzero.c: Hide a Bignum definition.
-	  [ruby-core:42891] [Feature #6083]
-
-Sat Feb 15 00:13:14 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h,
-	  include/ruby/io.h,
-	  include/ruby/ruby.h,
-	  include/ruby/win32.h,
-	  include/ruby/backward/rubysig.h,
-	  bignum.c,
-	  gc.c,
-	  io.c,
-	  process.c,
-	  safe.c,
-	  struct.c,
-	  thread.c,
-	  ext/socket/rubysocket.h,
-	  ext/-test-/old_thread_select: Remove deprecated definitions
-	  [ruby-core:60581] [Feature #9502]
-
-Fri Feb 14 18:38:46 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_format_m): trade volatile for RB_GC_GUARD
-	  RB_GC_GUARD meaning is clear and has better code generation.
-	  [ruby-core:60688]
-
-Thu Feb 13 23:30:30 2014  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): should check ci->me->flag of
-	  a refining method in case the method is private.
-	  [ruby-core:60111] [Bug #9452]
-
-	* vm_method.c (make_method_entry_refined): set me->flag of a refined
-	  method entry to NOEX_PUBLIC in case the original method is private
-	  and it is refined as a public method.  The original flag is stored
-	  in me->def->body.orig_me, so it's OK to make a refined method
-	  entry public.  [ruby-core:60111] [Bug #9452]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related tests.
-
-Thu Feb 13 18:38:15 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* re.c (rb_reg_raise): remove volatile
-	  Unnecessary since r41597
-
-Thu Feb 13 18:28:51 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* re.c (rb_reg_regcomp): remove volatile
-	  Unnecessary since r13261
-
-Thu Feb 13 16:54:32 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_array.rb: Ensure flatten! is used for test_flatten
-	  Patch by @ksss [Fixes GH-530] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/530
-
-Thu Feb 13 15:43:16 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (IDSET_ATTRSET_FOR_INTERN): fix off-by-one bug.
-
-	* parse.y (rb_enc_symname_type): junk ID succeeded by '=' is also
-	  attrset ID.  [ruby-core:60668] [Bug #8756]
-
-Thu Feb 13 11:06:32 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: check if pthread_setname_np is available.
-
-	* thread_pthread.c: pthread_setname_np is not available on old
-	  Darwins.  [ruby-core:60524] [Bug #9492]
-
-Thu Feb 13 00:56:59 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: revert r44922. I should have used AC_CHECK_FUNCS()
-	  to just define a symbol if the function is available.
-
-Thu Feb 13 00:20:58 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: use AC_CHECK_FUNC instead of AC_CHECK_FUNCS
-	  if available.
-
-Thu Feb 13 00:15:10 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: fix to undefine HAVE_MEMMEM correctly if it is broken.
-
-Tue Feb 11 23:54:40 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_big_cmp): Specialize a comparison to zero.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (is_negative): Use rb_big_cmp instead of
-	  RBIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P.
-	  (BigMath_s_log): Ditto.
-
-Tue Feb 11 22:59:10 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c (ossl_bn_initialize): Use rb_integer_pack.
-	  Fix SEGV by OpenSSL::BN.new(1 << (2**34)).
-
-Tue Feb 11 17:00:38 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* ext/tk/README.tcltklib: [DOC] Fix typo by @xta [Fixes GH-532]
-
-Sun Feb  9 13:59:29 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* configure.in: Fix compilation error.
-	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8358#note-16
-
-Sun Feb  9 05:20:24 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (rb_cv_gnu_qsort_r): use compile error "conflicting
-	  types for 'qsort_r'" instead of AC_RUN_IFELSE.
-
-Sun Feb  9 04:07:34 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/yaml.rb: [DOC] Add links to syck and psych on github [Bug #9501]
-	  Based on a patch by Giorgos Tsiftsis
-
-Sun Feb  9 02:13:53 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (OBJ_TAINTABLE, OBJ_TAINT, OBJ_INFECT),
-	  marshal.c (r_entry0): all Numerics never be tainted now.
-	  [ruby-core:57346] [Bug #8945]
-
-Sat Feb  8 23:40:35 2014  Vit Ondruch  <vondruch@redhat.com>
-
-	* configure.in: add quoting brackets and append wildcard for the
-	  rest after target_cpu, to properly detect platform for SSE2
-	  instructions.  [ruby-core:60576] [Bug #8358]
-
-Sat Feb  8 21:44:07 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: check qsort_r(3) and whether it is GNU version.
-	  BSD version has different prototype.
-
-	* util.h: use qsort_r() as ruby_qsort() if it is GNU version.
-
-	* util.c: define ruby_qsort() if needed.
-
-Sat Feb  8 16:34:36 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Message::MessageDecoder#get_labels):
-	  Make it iterative.
-
-Sat Feb  8 15:54:12 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c, gc.h (rb_objspace_marked_object_p): added.
-	  This function *ONLY* works just after marking phase,
-	  before any sweeping.
-	  This function is highly depending current GC implementation
-	  and can be removed future version.
-
-Sat Feb  8 15:41:37 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb: Don't set CLOEXEC flag explicitly.  (Ruby set it by
-	  default.)
-
-Sat Feb  8 15:27:02 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Message::MessageDecoder): Raise
-	  DecodeError if no data before the limit.
-	  Reported by Will Bryant.  [ruby-core:60557] [Bug #9498]
-
-Sat Feb  8 15:11:21 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* io.c (SMALLBUF): Unused macro removed.
-
-Fri Feb  7 23:37:49 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb: Ignore name servers which cause EAFNOSUPPORT on
-	  socket creation.
-	  Reported by Bjoern Rennhak.  [ruby-core:60442] [Bug #9477]
-
-Fri Feb  7 21:58:48 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/open-uri.rb: [DOC] use lower case version of core classes, same
-	  as commit r44878, based on patch by Jonathan Jackson [Bug #9483]
-
-Fri Feb  7 21:54:53 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* ext/ripper/lib/ripper/lexer.rb: [DOC] use lower case version of core
-	  classes when referring to return value, since we aren't directly
-	  talking about the class. Patch by Jonathan Jackson [Bug #9483]
-
-Fri Feb 7 05:28:38 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* constant.h: reduce rb_const_entry_t size on 64-bit
-	  Patch by Adam Avilla [ruby-core:60542] [Feature #9496]
-
-Thu Feb  6 15:27:46 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (get_envparam_int): correct warning messages.
-
-	* gc.c (get_envparam_double): ditto.
-
-Thu Feb  6 15:17:30 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (get_envparam_int): don't accept a value equals to lowerbound
-	  (changed by last commit) because "" or "foo" (not a number) strings
-	  are parsed as 0. They should be rejected.
-
-	* gc.c (get_envparam_double): ditto.
-
-Thu Feb  6 09:00:35 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (ruby_gc_set_params): if RUBY_GC_OLDMALLOC_LIMIT is provided,
-	  then set objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase_limit.
-	  Without this fix, the env variable RUBY_GC_OLDMALLOC_LIMIT
-	  does not work.
-
-	* gc.c (get_envparam_int): accept a value equals to lowerbound.
-
-	* gc.c (get_envparam_double): ditto.
-
-Thu Feb 6 08:23:28 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/thread/thread.c (rb_szqueue_max_set): use correct queue and
-	  limit wakeups.  [Bug #9343][ruby-core:60517]
-	* test/thread/test_queue.rb (test_sized_queue_assign_max):
-	  test for bug
-
-Thu Feb  6 07:18:01 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems 2.2.2.  Complete history at:
-
-	  http://rubygems.rubyforge.org/rubygems-update/History_txt.html#label-2.2.2+%2F+2014-02-05
-
-	* test/rubygems:  ditto.
-
-Wed Feb  5 20:56:32 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* marshal.c (to_be_skipped_id): ignore anonymous attributes.
-
-	* pack.c (Init_pack): use anonymous ID so that associated objects
-	  do not appear in the packed result.
-
-	* parse.y (rb_make_internal_id): return an anonymous ID for
-	  internal use.
-
-Wed Feb  5 14:41:56 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vsnprintf.c: remove duplicated def of `UNINITIALIZED_VAR()'.
-
-Wed Feb  5 14:40:16 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c (dump_object): use STR_SHARED_P()
-	  instead of removed STR_NOCAPA_P() macro.
-
-Wed Feb  5 13:51:33 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* internal.h, vm_core.h: move LIKELY/UNLIKELY/UNINITIALIZED_VAR()
-	  macros from vm_core.h to internal.h.
-
-	* string.c: remove dependency to "vm_core.h".
-
-	* common.mk: ditto.
-
-Wed Feb  5 13:29:01 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_free): use FL_TEST(str, STR_SHARED) directly
-	  because str is not embed.
-
-	* string.c (str_replace): remove `FL_SET(str, STR_SHARED)' line
-	  because STR_SET_SHARED() set STR_SHARED.
-
-Wed Feb  5 13:18:08 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* internal.h: remove macros STR_NOCAPA and STR_NOCAPA_P().
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_resize): remove `STR_SET_NOEMBED(str)' because
-	  str_make_independent_expand() set NOEMBED flag.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_resize): remove `STR_NOCAPA_P(str)' check because
-	  `str' is independent (not shared).
-
-Wed Feb  5 12:54:25 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* string.c: refactoring, especially about string flags.
-
-	* string.c (STR_UNSET_NOCAPA): removed.
-	  Use FL_UNSET() with STR_SHARED.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_capacity): check STR_SHARED directly
-	  because it is not a embed string.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_modify_expand): ditto.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_shared_replace): use STR_SET_SHARED().
-
-	* string.c (str_make_independent_expand): remove STR_UNSET_NOCAPA()
-	  because `str' is not shared string.
-
-Wed Feb  5 12:11:04 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* string.c (RESIZE_CAPA): should not resize shared string.
-
-Wed Feb  5 11:46:42 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_mark_children): STR_ASSOC is no longer available.
-	  Reported by @nagachika.
-	  http://d.hatena.ne.jp/nagachika/20140204
-
-Wed Feb  5 11:27:22 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_new_frozen): refactoring code.
-	  * Move code from str_new_frozen_with_klass() (and remove it)
-	  * `aux.shared' should not be 0 for STR_SHARED strings.
-
-Wed Feb  5 04:23:41 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: New release of psych.
-	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: ditto
-
-Wed Feb  5 04:16:41 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/yaml/emitter.c: merge libyaml 0.1.5
-	* ext/psych/yaml/loader.c: ditto
-	* ext/psych/yaml/parser.c: ditto
-	* ext/psych/yaml/reader.c: ditto
-	* ext/psych/yaml/scanner.c: ditto
-	* ext/psych/yaml/writer.c: ditto
-	* ext/psych/yaml/yaml_private.h: ditto
-
-Tue Feb  4 19:10:29 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* string.c: use long allocator names instead of numbered
-	  allocator names.
-	  * rb_str_new2 -> rb_str_new_cstr
-	  * rb_str_new4 -> rb_str_new_frozen
-	  * rb_str_new5 -> rb_str_new_with_class
-	  * str_new3 -> str_new_shared
-	  * str_new4 -> str_new_frozen_with_klass
-
-Tue Feb  4 17:20:03 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (glob_helper): return the filename with actual cases on
-	  the filesystem if it is case-insensitive.  [ruby-core:42469]
-	  [Feature #5994]
-
-Tue Feb  4 16:16:58 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* string.c: use STR_SHARED instead of ELTS_SHARED.
-	  (same value, but more clear meaning)
-
-Tue Feb  4 16:09:14 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* string.c: remove STR_ASSOC related code.
-	  By r44804, string objects can not have STR_ASSOC flag.
-
-	* internal.h: ditto.
-
-	* ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c (dump_object): ditto.
-
-Tue Feb  4 14:07:20 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* pack.c (str_associate, str_associated): keep associated objects
-	  in an instance variables, instead of in the internal structure.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_associate, rb_str_associated): deprecate.
-
-Tue Feb  4 12:55:31 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_modify_expand): enable capacity and disable
-	  association with packed objects when setting capa, so that
-	  pack("p") string fails to unpack properly after modified.
-
-Tue Feb  4 12:45:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (glob_make_pattern): all alphabets are magic characters on
-	  case-insensitive filesystems.  [ruby-core:42469] [Feature #5994]
-
-Tue Feb  4 09:47:57 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems 2.2.2 prerelease to check fixes to
-	  CI.
-	* test/rubygems:  ditto.
-
-Mon Feb  3 12:04:47 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* error.c: [DOC] Exception#cause may return nil. [ci skip]
-
-Sun Feb 2 05:48:42 2014  Eric Wong <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_syswrite): add RB_GC_GUARD
-	  [Bug #9472][ruby-core:60407]
-
-Sat Feb  1 15:09:16 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_typedesc2val): add VT_RECORD case.
-
-Sat Feb  1 06:38:51 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/drb/drb.rb: [DOC] Add note about start_service for each process
-	  Based on a patch by @rosenfeld [Fixes GH-514] [ci skip]
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/514
-
-Sat Feb  1 06:30:20 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* error.c: [DOC] Document Exception#cause by @jasonrclark [ci skip]
-	  [Fixes GH-519] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/519
-
-Sat Feb  1 06:10:49 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/securerandom.rb: [DOC] Add note on require for examples
-	  Based on a patch by @schneems [Fixes GH-518] [ci skip]
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/518
-
-Sat Feb  1 06:04:56 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* numeric.c: [DOC] Fix typo in example for #step [ci skip]
-	  Patch by @ksss [Fixes GH-522] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/522
-
-Fri Jan 31 17:01:47 2014  Eric Wong <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_socket0): split out SOCK_CLOEXEC version
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_socketpair0): ditto
-	  [ruby-core:60377]
-
-Fri Jan 31 03:48:40 2014  Eric Wong <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* benchmark/driver: avoid large alloc in driver process
-	  [ruby-core:59869] [Bug #9430]
-
-Thu Jan 30 14:45:49 2014  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: use $@ instead of $(.TARGET) because .TARGET is not
-	  supported by GNU make.
-
-Thu Jan 30 08:26:21 2014  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/closure.c: use sizeof(*pcl) for correct sizeof value.
-	  [ruby-core:57599] [Bug #8978].
-
-Wed Jan 29 20:08:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (nogvl_copy_stream_sendfile): check socket on other than
-	  linux, as sendfile(2) on non-socket fd works only on linux.
-	  [Feature #9427]
-
-Wed Jan 29 18:09:48 2014  Eric Wong <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* io.c (nogvl_copy_stream_sendfile): remove socket check
-	  [ruby-core:59856][Feature #9427]
-
-Wed Jan 29 04:29:54 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: pass read_nonblock options to underlying IO
-	  when SSL session has not been started.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: test for change.
-
-Wed Jan 29 03:49:36 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/closure.c: use sizeof(*pcl) for correct sizeof value.
-	  [ruby-core:57599] [Bug #8978].  Thanks mame!
-
-Wed Jan 29 03:36:42 2014  Eric Wong <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* doc/contributing.rdoc: allow/encourage other git hosts
-	  [ruby-core:59807][misc #9421]
-
-Tue Jan 28 23:36:01 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket: Avoid redundant fcntl/fstat syscalls for cloexec
-	  sockets.
-	  Patch by Eric Wong.  [ruby-core:59429] [Feature #9330]
-
-Tue Jan 28 20:51:07 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (READ_FROM_CHILD): Apply the last hunk of
-	  0001-process.c-avoid-EINTR-from-Process.spawn.patch written by
-	  Eric Wong in [Bug #8770].
-
-Tue Jan 28 16:31:13 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (ruby_init_stack, ruby_stack_overflowed_p):
-	  place get_stack above others to get stack boundary information.
-	  [ruby-core:60113] [Bug #9454]
-
-Tue Jan 28 15:27:36 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c: rlimit is only available on Linux.
-	  At least r44712 breaks FreeBSD.
-	  [ruby-core:60113] [Bug #9454]
-
-Tue Jan 28 15:17:59 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/set.rb: [DOC] Add examples for Set#intersect? and Set#disjoint?
-	  Patch by xavier nayrac [Bug #9331] [ci skip]
-
-Tue Jan 28 15:12:22 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (rb_zlib_adler32): [DOC] Add example for adler32
-	  Patch by Vajrasky Kok [Bug #9307] [ci skip]
-
-Tue Jan 28 08:56:00 2014  Charlie Somerville  <charliesome@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_build_from_ary_body): Use :blockptr instead of :block
-	  as hash key when loading serialized instruction sequences from arrays.
-	  [Bug #9455] [ruby-core:60146]
-
-Mon Jan 27 21:52:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c: get current main thread stack size, which may
-	  be expanded than allocated size at initialization, by rlimit().
-	  [ruby-core:60113] [Bug #9454]
-
-Sat Jan 25 22:17:02 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* README.ja.md, README.md: update the controller address of
-	  mailing lists.
-
-Sat Jan 25 14:50:42 2014  Eric Wong  <normalperson@yhbt.net>
-
-	* process.c (send_child_error): retry write on EINTR to fix
-	  occasional Errno::EINTR from Process.spawn.
-
-	* process.c (recv_child_error): retry read on EINTR to fix
-	  occasional Errno::EINTR from Process.spawn.
-
-Sat Jan 25 14:21:06 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): result of assignment should be
-	  its rhs instead of returned value from a method.
-	  [ruby-core:60071] [Bug #9448]
-
-Sat Jan 25 11:16:19 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* class.c (rb_extract_keywords): treat nil keyword_hash same as 0,
-	  for the case rb_scan_args returns nil if no keyword hash.
-
-Fri Jan 24 15:13:20 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/racc/rdoc/grammar.en.rdoc: [DOC] Correct grammar and typos
-	  Patch by Giorgos Tsiftsis [Bug #9429] [ci skip]
-
-Thu Jan 23 20:20:17 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/envutil.rb: try to wait a bit (0.1sec) when ruby process
-	  exits by signals because some SEGV tests fail because of not enough
-	  error output.
-
-Thu Jan 23 20:06:27 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: check the target thread.
-
-Thu Jan 23 19:59:16 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: check the target thread.
-
-Thu Jan 23 14:26:44 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb: [DOC] Fix typo in options_of() example [Bug #9392]
-	  Patch by Giorgos Tsiftsis
-
-Thu Jan 23 13:56:16 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* README -> README.md: [DOC] Format README with Markdown [Bug #9255]
-	* README.ja -> README.ja.md: ditto
-
-Wed Jan 22 15:59:39 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/thread/thread.c (Init_thread): ConditionVariable and Queue
-	  are not able to copy.  [ruby-core:59961] [Bug #9440]
-
-Tue Jan 21 20:14:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (rb_thread_create_timer_thread): fix for platforms
-	  where PTHREAD_STACK_MIN is a dynamic value and not a compile-time
-	  constant.  [ruby-dev:47911] [Bug #9436]
-
-Tue Jan 21 17:55:09 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb: [DOC] Use static w3.org uri [ci skip]
-	  Patch by @ykzts [Fix GH-484] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/484
-
-Tue Jan 21 16:43:22 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* enum.c: [DOC] Add simple example of Enumerable#zip [ci skip]
-	  Patch by @nruth on documenting-ruby/ruby#22
-	  https://github.com/documenting-ruby/ruby/pull/22
-
-Tue Jan 21 16:26:44 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (rb_thread_create_timer_thread): expand timer
-	  thread stack size to get rid of segfault on FreeBSD/powerpc64.
-	  based on the patch by Steve Wills at [ruby-core:59923].
-	  [ruby-core:56590] [Bug #8783]
-
-Tue Jan 21 04:31:23 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c: Use "int" for IP_MULTICAST_LOOP and
-	  IP_MULTICAST_TTL on Mac OS X and Windows.
-
-Tue Jan 21 00:39:15 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c: Use "byte" as default argument for
-	  IP_MULTICAST_LOOP and IP_MULTICAST_TTL socket option to follow
-	  the original multicast implementation.
-
-Mon Jan 20 20:20:27 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c: Use preprocessor macros to avoid repeated
-	  conditionals.
-
-Mon Jan 20 13:55:03 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/version.rb: [DOC] Use gender-neutral pronouns [ci skip]
-	* lib/rubygems/security.rb: ditto
-
-Sun Jan 19 06:38:48 2014  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
-
-	* compar.c (cmp_equal): warn for this release and still rescue
-	  standard exceptions for a nicer transition. See #7688.
-	  Partly reverts r44502.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_comparable.rb: adapt assertion to match new behavior.
-
-Sun Jan 19 06:27:18 2014  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_comparable.rb: specify behavior for the different
-	  kind of exceptions rescued (or not) by Comparable#==.
-
-Sat Jan 18 23:12:19 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket: Avoid unnecessary ppoll/select on Linux.
-	  Patch by Eric Wong.  [ruby-core:57950] [Bug #9039]
-
-Sat Jan 18 22:57:44 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Resource::TXT#data): Return concatenated
-	  string.
-	  Patch by Ryan Brunner.  [ruby-core:58220] [Bug #9093]
-
-Sat Jan 18 22:35:15 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_update_max_fd): Return immediately if the given fd is small
-	  enough.
-
-Sat Jan 18 22:25:53 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* io.c: Test O_CLOEXEC only once.
-	  Patch by Eric Wong.  [ruby-core:59419] [Feature #9328]
-
-Sat Jan 18 21:24:49 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c: IP_MULTICAST_LOOP and IP_MULTICAST_TTL socket
-	  option takes a byte on OpenBSD.
-	  Fixed by Jeremy Evans.  [ruby-core:59496] [Bug #9350]
-
-Sat Jan 18 21:19:04 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/open-uri.rb: Make proxy disabling working again.
-	  Fixed by Christophe Philemotte.   [ruby-core:59650] [Bug #9385]
-
-Fri Jan 17 20:05:02 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/delegate.rb (Delegator): keep source information methods
-	  which start and end with '__'.  [ruby-core:59718] [Bug #9403]
-
-Fri Jan 17 17:58:04 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_mod_s_constants): return its own constants for other
-	  than Module itself.  [ruby-core:59763] [Bug #9413]
-
-Tue Jan 16 00:17:00 2014  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.gemspec: bigdecimal version 1.2.5.
-
-Wed Jan 15 20:30:31 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (io_binwrite): use writev(2) to avoid double write if available.
-
-	* configure.in: check writev(2)
-
-Wed Jan 15 14:04:33 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (get_encoding): respect BOM on pseudo encodings.
-	  [ruby-dev:47895] [Bug #9415]
-
-Wed Jan 15 14:03:47 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (get_actual_encoding): get actual encoding according to
-	  the BOM if exists.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_inspect): use according encoding, instead of
-	  pseudo encodings, UTF-{16,32}.  [ruby-core:59757] [Bug #8940]
-
-Tue Jan 14 21:07:22 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/thread/thread.c (rb_szqueue_clear): notify SZQUEUE_WAITERS
-	  on SizedQueue#clear. [ruby-core:59462] [Bug #9342]
-
-	* test/thread/test_queue.rb: add test. the patch is from
-	  Justin Collins.
-
-Tue Jan 14 15:58:43 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (CLASS_NAME): macro to wrap
-	  depending on PRIsVALUE for 1.9.  [Backport #9406]
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (DECIMAL_SIZE_OF_BITS): fallback
-	  definition for 2.1 or older.  [ruby-core:59750] [Backport #9406]
-
-Tue Jan 14 11:28:44 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@google.com>
-
-	* vm_exec.c (cfp): Fixes a SEGV issue in r44554.
-	  r11 can be broken by subroutine and sometimes causes SEGV at
-	  runtime.  Use r13 instead.
-
-Tue Jan 14 02:20:00 2014  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_divide): Add an additional
-	  digit for the quotient to be compatible with bigdecimal 1.2.1 and
-	  the former.  [ruby-core:59365] [#9316] [#9305]
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb: tests for the above change.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.gemspec: bigdecimal version 1.2.4.
-
-Mon Jan 13 14:55:31 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/xmlrpc/client.rb: [DOC] Remove note about SSL package on RAA
-	  Since RAA has been deprecated, and the SSL package has been replaced
-	  with net/https this statement is entirely false and should be
-	  deleted. [Bug #9152]
-
-Mon Jan 13 14:47:07 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/net/smtp.rb: [DOC] Remove dead link to RAA by Giorgos Tsiftsis
-	  Fixes the following bugs: [Bug #9152] [Bug #9268] [Bug #9394]
-	* lib/open-uri.rb: ditto
-
-Mon Jan 13 14:25:55 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c: Fixed typo by Sandor Szuecs [Bug #9243]
-
-Mon Jan 13 12:03:00 2014  Charlie Somerville  <charliesome@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/thread/thread.c (rb_szqueue_push): check GET_SZQUEUE_WAITERS
-	  instead of GET_QUEUE_WAITERS to prevent deadlock. Patch by Eric Wong.
-	  [Bug #9302] [ruby-core:59324]
-
-	* test/thread/test_queue.rb: add test
-
-Sun Jan 12 16:41:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* iseq.c (iseq_load): keep type_map to get rid of memory leak.
-	  based on a patch by Eric Wong at [ruby-core:59699].  [Bug #9399]
-
-Sun Jan 12 09:21:35 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/util.h (DECIMAL_SIZE_OF_BITS): a preprocessor
-	  constant macro to approximate decimal representation size of n-bits
-	  integer.
-
-	* iseq.c (register_label): use DECIMAL_SIZE_OF_BITS for better
-	  approximation.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigMath_s_log): ditto.
-
-	* common.mk (iseq.o), ext/bigdecimal/depend (bigdecimal.o): add
-	  dependency to ruby/util.h for DECIMAL_SIZE_OF_BITS.
-
-Fri Jan 10 16:27:20 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@google.com>
-
-	* vm_exec.c (cfp): Avoid generating invalid binary for
-	  NativeClient.
-	  r15 on x86_64 is reserved by NativeClient.  So r15 to cfp used to
-	  generate invalid binary under some combinations of compiler
-	  optimization flags.
-
-Fri Jan 10 18:01:41 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_super_method): allow bound method from a
-	  module, yet another method transplanting.
-
-Fri Jan 10 13:34:04 2014  Aman Gupta <ruby@tmm1.net>
-
-	* insns.def (opt_aref_with): new instruction to optimize Hash#[],
-	  removing any allocation overhead when used with a string literal
-	  key. Patch by normalperson (Eric Wong). [ruby-core:59640] [Bug #9382]
-	* insns.def (opt_aset_with): new instruction to optimize Hash#[]=
-	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): compiler shortcuts for new
-	  instructions
-	* hash.c (static VALUE rb_hash_compare_by_id_p): fix documentation for
-	  Hash#compare_by_identity to reflect frozen string sharing
-	* test/ruby/test_hash.rb (class TestHash): test for new behavior
-
-Fri Jan 10 06:23:21 2014  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
-
-	* range.c (Range#size): [DOC] improve description and add examples.
-	  Patch by @skade. [Fixes GH-501]
-
-Fri Jan 10 00:47:52 2014  Josef Stribny  <strzibny@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/tk/extconf.rb: fix to pass arrays instead of strings to
-	  libpathflag.  patch at [ruby-core:59665].  [Bug #9386]
-
-Thu Jan  9 20:49:22 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: -mstackrealign is necessary for -msse2 working.
-	  [ruby-core:54716] [Bug #8349]
-
-	* configure.in: use SSE2 instructions to drop unexpected precisions on
-	  other than mingw.  [ruby-core:59472] [Bug #8358]
-
-Thu Jan  9 20:31:10 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_objid_hash): should return `long'.  brushup r44534.
-
-	* object.c (rb_obj_hash): follow above change.
-
-Thu Jan  9 19:12:37 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm.c (rb_vm_pop_cfunc_frame): added.  It cares c_return event.
-	  The patch base by drkaes (Stefan Kaes).
-	  [Bug #9321]
-
-	* variable.c (rb_mod_const_missing): use rb_vm_pop_cfunc_frame()
-	  instead of rb_frame_pop().
-
-	* vm_eval.c (raise_method_missing): ditto.
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_iterate): ditto.
-
-	* internal.h (rb_vm_pop_cfunc_frame): add decl.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add tests.
-	  provided by drkaes (Stefan Kaes).
-
-	* vm.c, eval.c, include/ruby/intern.h (rb_frame_pop):
-	  move definition of rb_frame_pop() and deprecate it.
-	  It doesn't care about `return' events.
-
-Thu Jan  9 17:40:28 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_any_hash): should treat the return value of rb_objid_hash()
-	  as `long', because ruby assumes the hash value of the object id of
-	  an object is `long'.
-	  this fixes test failures on mswin64 introduced at r44525.
-
-Thu Jan  9 09:55:20 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: dumping strings with
-	  quotes should not have changed.  [ruby-core:59316] [Bug #9300]
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: fixed missing require.
-
-	* test/psych/test_string.rb: test
-
-Thu Jan  9 09:51:00 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: anonymous structs
-	  should be able to roundtrip.  Thanks @splattael!
-
-	* test/psych/test_object_references.rb: test for change
-
-Wed Jan  8 22:53:16 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_super_method): when super called in a
-	  bound UnboundMethod generated from a module, no superclass is
-	  found since the current defined class is the module, then call
-	  method_missing in that case.  [ruby-core:59619] [Bug #9377]
-
-Wed Jan  8 15:55:21 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_objid_hash): return hash value from object ID with a
-	  salt, extract from rb_any_hash().
-
-	* object.c (rb_obj_hash): return same value as rb_any_hash().
-	  fix r44125.  [ruby-core:59638] [Bug #9381]
-
-Wed Jan  8 13:12:41 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout::ExitException.catch): pass arguments
-	  for new instance.
-
-	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout::ExitException#exception): fallback to
-	  Timeout::Error if couldn't throw.  [ruby-dev:47872] [Bug #9380]
-
-	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout#timeout): initialize ExitException with
-	  message for the fallback case.
-
-Tue Jan  7 12:43:06 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout#timeout): should not rescue ordinarily
-	  raised ExitException, which should not be thrown.
-
-	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout::ExitException.catch): set @thread only if
-	  it ought to be caught.
-
-	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout#timeout): when a custom exception is given,
-	  no instance is needed to be caught, so defer creating new instance
-	  until it is raised.  [ruby-core:59511] [Bug #9354]
-
-Tue Jan  7 10:16:02 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems master 21e409d / RubyGems 2.2.1.
-
-	  See http://rubygems.rubyforge.org/rubygems-update/History_txt.html
-	  for a list of bug fixes.
-
-	* test/rubygems:  ditto.
-
-Tue Jan  7 10:10:46 2014  Eric Wong <e@80x24.org>
-
-	* ext/json/generator/depend: add build dependencies for json extension
-	  [Bug #9374] [ruby-core:59609]
-	* ext/json/parser/depend: ditto
-
-Tue Jan  7 04:35:46 2014  Aman Gupta <ruby@tmm1.net>
-
-	* array.c (ary_add_hash): Fix consistency issue between Array#uniq and
-	  Array#uniq! [Bug #9340] [ruby-core:59457]
-	* test/ruby/test_array.rb (class TestArray): regression test for above.
-
-Mon Jan  6 21:28:48 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* .gitignore: ignore *-fake.rb generated even when CROSS_COMPILING = no
-	  since r42862.
-
-Sun Jan  5 20:14:14 2014  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
-
-	* compar.c (cmp_equal): remove error hiding in Comparable#==.
-	  Comparable#== no longer rescues exceptions silently.
-	  This was the cause of quite a couple bugs. See #7688. [EXPERIMENTAL]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_comparable.rb: adapt assertion to match new behavior.
-
-	* lib/rdoc/method_attr.rb: fix bugs discovered by this change.
-
-	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_normal_class.rb: fix bugs in tests.
-
-Sat Jan  4 22:44:00 2014  Charlie Somerville  <charliesome@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* struct.c (rb_struct_set): return assigned value from setter method
-	  rather than struct object. [Bug #9353] [ruby-core:59509]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_struct.rb (test_setter_method_returns_value): add test
-
-Sat Jan  4 21:44:31 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb (TestGc#test_latest_gc_info): use
-	  GC.stat(:key) instead of GC.stat.
-
-Sat Jan  4 19:15:29 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_syserr_fail_host_port): use format flags,
-	  '+' to inspect, ' ' to quote unprintables.
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_syserr_fail_path): ditto.
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_syserr_fail_raddrinfo): ditto.
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_syserr_fail_host_port): add errno
-	  argument version and use rb_syserr_fail_str() instead of
-	  rb_sys_fail_str() with restoring errno.
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_syserr_fail_path): ditto, and
-	  rb_syserr_fail().
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_sys_fail_sockaddr): ditto, use
-	  rsock_syserr_fail_raddrinfo().
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_sys_fail_raddrinfo): ditto.
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (setup_domain_and_type): ditto.
-
-Sat Jan  4 17:18:58 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* vm.c (RubyVM::OPTS): get rid of a garbage character.
-
-Sat Jan  4 10:17:54 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rinda/ring.rb (Rinda::RingFinger#make_socket):  Use
-	  ipv4_multicast_ttl option for portability.
-
-Sat Jan  4 10:15:47 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rinda/ring.rb (Rinda::RingFinger#make_socket):  Use
-	  ipv4_multicast_loop option for portability.  Patch by Jeremy Evans.
-	  [ruby-trunk - Bug #9351]
-
-Fri Jan  3 19:09:00 2014  Eric Wong  <normalperson@yhbt.net>
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_sys_fail_host_port): save and restore errno
-	  before calling rb_sys_fail_str to prevent [BUG] errno == 0.
-	  Patch by Eric Wong. [ruby-core:59498] [Bug #9352]
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_sys_fail_path): ditto
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_sys_fail_sockaddr): ditto
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_sys_fail_raddrinfo): ditto
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_sys_fail_raddrinfo_or_sockaddr): ditto
-
-Fri Jan  3 10:43:57 2014  Aman Gupta <ruby@tmm1.net>
-
-	* test/net/imap/cacert.pem: generate new CA cert, since the last one
-	  expired. [Bug #9341] [ruby-core:59459]
-	* test/net/imap/server.crt: new server cert signed with updated CA.
-	* test/net/imap/Makefile: add `make regen_certs` to automate this
-	  process.
-
-Fri Jan  3 00:09:54 2014  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal: update class method call style from :: to .
-	  in documentation and usage.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/math.rb: [DOC] fix examples values.
-	  Computations were made using ruby 2.0.0p247 to ensure
-	  no effect of the recent BigDecimal bug.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/sample/nlsolve.rb: fix indent.
-
-Thu Jan  2 16:07:21 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (io_fwrite): freeze converted str.
-
-Thu Jan  2 04:15:13 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_longjmp): remove an extra modifier from the forward
-	  declaration to match the actual definition.  [ruby-core:59451]
-	  [Bug #9338]
-
-Thu Jan  2 01:23:30 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (method_missing): use ALLOCV_N() instead of
-	  ALLOCA_N() and rb_ary_tmp_new().
-
-Thu Jan  2 00:53:16 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_zip): use ALLOCV_N() instead of ALLOCA_N().
-
-Thu Jan  2 00:04:29 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_keys): make rb_hash_keys() static.
-	  it is no longer used from array.c since r43969.
-	  the patch is from normalperson (Eric Wong).
-	  [ruby-core:59449] [Feature #9336]
-
-	* internal.h: remove definition of rb_hash_keys().
-
-Wed Jan  1 18:19:35 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: reset LDFLAGS and DLDFLAGS for opt-dir again after
-	  LIBPATHFLAG and RPATHFLAG are set.  [ruby-dev:47868] [Bug #9317]
-
-Wed Jan  1 11:12:29 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: use SSE2 instructions for drop unexpected
-	  precisions.  [ruby-core:54738] [Bug #8358]
-
-Tue Dec 31 23:49:07 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_f_raise): add cause: optional keyword argument.
-	  [ruby-core:58610] [Feature #8257] [EXPERIMENTAL]
-
-Tue Dec 31 21:44:17 2013  Akio Tajima <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub: remove HAVE_FSEEKO because fseeko removed from win32/win32.c
-	  Fixed [Bug #9333].
-
-Tue Dec 31 21:02:27 2013  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (io_fwrite): allocate frozen str only when str is not converted.
-
-Tue Dec 31 15:44:48 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (RbConfig): expand RUBY_SO_NAME for extensions
-	  backward compatibility.  [ruby-core:59426] [Bug #9329]
-
-Mon Dec 30 23:33:07 2013  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
-
-	* variable.c: [DOC] adding extra example in docs.
-	  patched by Steve Klabnik. [Bug #9210]
-
-Mon Dec 30 18:34:18 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* encoding.c (must_encindex, rb_enc_from_index, rb_obj_encoding): mask
-	  encoding index and ignore dummy flags.  [ruby-core:59354] [Bug #9314]
-
-Mon Dec 30 16:11:52 2013  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/make-snapshot: needs CXXFLAGS.  [ruby-core:59393][Bug #9320]
-
-Sun Dec 29 18:36:54 2013  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (configuration): Make CXXFLAGS customizable.
-	  Patch by Kohei Suzuki (eagletmt). [Fixes GH-492]
-
-Sun Dec 29 12:11:11 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* proc.c (mnew_from_me): keep iclass as-is, to make inheritance
-	  chain consistent.  [ruby-core:59358] [Bug #9315]
-
-	* proc.c (method_owner): return the original defined_class from
-	  prepended iclass, instead.
-
-Sun Dec 29 08:47:24 2013  Lucas Allan Amorim  <lucas.allan@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_sprintf.rb (test_hash): Added tests for sprintf
-	  with a hash as parameter.  [Fixes GH-491]
-
-Sun Dec 29 07:27:51 2013  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
-
-	* compar.c (cmp_eq_recursive): Fix the return value, the value for
-	  failed #<=> should be nil. It was raising a NoMethodError for
-	  the test case TestComparable#test_no_cmp (undefined method `>'
-	  for false:FalseClass). Yet one more reason for #7688.
-
-Sat Dec 28 22:21:59 2013  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
-
-	* object.c (Kernel#<=>) surround Comparable operators with <code> tags.
-	  The #== method was hidden in ri/rdoc's output and was highlighting
-	  the line instead.
-
-Sat Dec 28 17:24:00 2013  DV Suresh  <e@dvsuresh.me>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_so_meteor_contest.rb: [DOC] Fix a few typos
-	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/import.rb: ditto
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: ditto
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/nodes/sequence.rb: ditto
-	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: ditto
-	* ext/tk/lib/tcltk.rb: ditto
-
-Sat Dec 28 00:42:37 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (local_push_gen, local_pop_gen): save cmdarg_stack to
-	  isolate command argument state from outer scope.
-	  [ruby-core:59342] [Bug #9308]
-
-Fri Dec 27 13:25:03 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/{setup.mak,Makefile.sub}: update fake.rb like
-	  template/fake.rb.in.
-
-Thu Dec 26 16:10:41 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (fake.rb): should depend on version.h because
-	  if RUBY_VERSION is updated, fake.rb need to say the new version
-	  to avoid install error in rbconfig.rb.
-
-Thu Dec 26 14:25:03 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (HASH_REJECT_COPY_EXTRA_STATES): turn off the old
-	  behavior, copying extra states by accident.
-
-Thu Dec 26 10:49:14 2013  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* version.h (RUBY_VERSION): 2.2.0 development has started.
-
-Thu Dec 26 10:27:53 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/merger.rb (tag): support 2.1.1 semi-automatic tagging and 2.2.0
-	  explicit tagging.
-
-Thu Dec 26 06:35:25 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* proc.c: Having any mandatory keyword argument increases min arity
-	  [#9299]
-
-Thu Dec 26 06:27:08 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* proc.c: Having optional keyword arguments makes maximum arity +1,
-	  not unlimited [#8072]
-
-Thu Dec 26 01:09:57 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/release.sh: make symbolic links.
-
-Thu Dec 26 00:45:33 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/make-snapshot: support new version scheme.
-
-Wed Dec 25 22:44:14 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_set_arguments): set arg_keyword_check from
-	  nd_cflag, which is set by parser.  internal ID is used for
-	  unnamed keyword rest argument, which should be separated from no
-	  keyword check.
-
-	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_parameters): if no keyword check, keyword rest is
-	  present.
-
-	* parse.y (new_args_tail_gen): set keywords check to nd_cflag, which
-	  equals to that keyword rest is not present.
-
-Wed Dec 25 22:32:19 2013  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/abbrev.rb: [DOC] rdoc format patch by Giorgos Tsiftsis [Bug #9146]
-
-Wed Dec 25 20:30:10 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_parameters): push argument type symbol only for
-	  unnamed rest keywords argument.
-
-Wed Dec 25 20:28:48 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* proc.c (rb_iseq_min_max_arity): maximum argument is unlimited if
-	  having rest keywords argument.  [ruby-core:53298] [Bug #8072]
-
-Wed Dec 25 18:29:22 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (argument_error): insert dummy frame to make
-	  a backtrace object intead of modify backtrace string array.
-	  [Bug #9295]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_backtrace.rb: add a test for this patch.
-	  fix test to compare a result of Exception#backtrace with
-	  a result of Exception#backtrace_locations.
-
-Wed Dec 25 13:00:54 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: let mingw do something black-magic, and check if
-	  _gmtime64_s() is available actually.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (gmtime_s, localtime_s): use _gmtime64_s() and
-	  _localtime64_s() if available, not depending on very confusing
-	  mingw variants macros.  based on the patch by phasis68 (Heesob
-	  Park) at [ruby-core:58764].  [ruby-core:58391] [Bug #9119]
-
-Wed Dec 25 12:33:41 2013  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* sample/trick2013/: added the award-winning entries of TRICK 2013.
-	  See https://github.com/tric/trick2013 for the contest outline.
-	  (Matz has approved the attachment.)
-
-Wed Dec 25 10:42:02 2013  Yamashita Yuu  <yamashita@geishatokyo.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (Init_ossl_ssl): Declare a constant
-	  `OP_MSIE_SSLV2_RSA_PADDING` only if the macro is defined.  The
-	  `SSL_OP_MSIE_SSLV2_RSA_PADDING` has been removed from latest
-	  snapshot of OpenSSL 1.0.1.  [Fixes GH-488]
-
-Wed Dec 25 01:03:00 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* proc.c (bind_local_variables): allowing binding to list its
-	  local variables.  patch by Jack Danger Canty <jackdanger AT
-	  squareup.com> at [ruby-core:56543].  [Feature #8773]
-
-Tue Dec 24 23:20:38 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/fileutils/fileasserts.rb (assert_ownership_user): new
-	  assertion for user ownership.
-
-	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb (test_chown_error),
-	  (test_chown_without_permission, test_chown_with_root):
-	  based on the patch by vajrasky (Vajrasky Kok) at
-	  [ruby-core:59298].  [Feature #9292]
-
-Tue Dec 24 16:28:05 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* proc.c (rb_mod_define_method): consider visibility only if self
-	  in the caller is same as the receiver, otherwise make public as
-	  well as old behavior.  [ruby-core:57747] [Bug #9005]
-	  [ruby-core:58497] [Bug #9141]
-
-	* vm.c (rb_vm_cref_in_context): return ruby level cref if self is
-	  same.
-
-Tue Dec 24 14:13:14 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* README.EXT: add a refer to URL.
-
-Tue Dec 24 13:48:45 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* README.EXT: add a document about RGenGC.
-	  Reviewed by havenwood.
-	  [misc #8962]
-
-	* README.EXT.ja: ditto.
-
-Tue Dec 24 12:11:43 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RARRAY_ASET): try to avoid compiler warning.
-	  [Bug #9287]
-
-Tue Dec 24 05:04:56 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb (setup): should not call
-	  Process.groups for Windows.  get rid of many errors introduced by
-	  r44364.
-
-Mon Dec 23 18:37:16 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/fileutils/fileasserts.rb (assert_ownership_group): new
-	  assertion for group ownership.
-
-	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb (test_chown{,_verbose,_noop}):
-	  based on the patch by vajrasky (Vajrasky Kok) at
-	  [ruby-core:59281].  [Feature #9286]
-
-Mon Dec 23 15:53:45 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (HAS_EXTRA_STATES): warn extra states only when something
-	  differ.  [ruby-core:59254] [Bug #9275]
-
-Mon Dec 23 12:42:13 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* array.c: Have to_h raise on elements that are not key-value pairs
-	  [#9239]
-
-	* enum.c: ditto
-
-Mon Dec 23 05:01:55 2013  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc: [DOC] Added example for underscore
-	  conventions in method names. Also added doc to clarify encoding
-	  character set support for Ruby programs and elaborated on defining
-	  predicate and bang methods. Based on a patch by @gaurish
-	  [Fixes GH-477] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/477
-
-Mon Dec 23 03:18:09 2013  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* doc/ChangeLog-1.9.3: [DOC] Fix typos by @dvsuresh
-	  [Fixes GH-485] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/485
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_config.c: ditto
-	* lib/rss/utils.rb, lib/time.rb: ditto
-	* test/ruby/envutil.rb: ditto
-
-Sun Dec 22 23:56:56 2013  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/{rake,rdoc,rss}/*, test/rexml/test_listener.rb: [DOC] Fix typos
-	  by @dvsuresh [Fixes GH-486] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/486
-
-Sun Dec 22 11:08:47 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem_ext_builder.rb:  Fix warning due to ambiguous
-	  expression.
-
-Sun Dec 22 11:05:53 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/commands/install_command.rb:  Restore gem install
-	  --ignore-dependencies for remote gems
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_install_command.rb:  Test for the
-	  above.
-
-Sun Dec 22 10:23:40 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rdoc.rb:  Set RDoc to release version.
-
-Sun Dec 22 10:19:07 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems.rb:  Set RubyGems to release version.
-
-Sun Dec 22 10:16:08 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems.rb (module Gem):  Fix comment for
-	  Gem::load_path_insert_index.
-
-Sun Dec 22 04:07:55 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (ruby_gc_set_params): don't show obsolete warnings for
-	  RUBY_FREE_MIN/RUBY_HEAP_MIN_SLOTS if
-	  RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS/RUBY_GC_HEAP_INIT_SLOTS are given.
-	  [Bug #9276]
-
-Sat Dec 21 13:00:20 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c: remove unnecessary the source path from EEXIST error
-	  messages and show the destination path only.  [ruby-core:59202]
-	  [Feature #9263]
-
-Sat Dec 21 12:37:19 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::Hosts#lazy_initialize): should not
-	  consider encodings in hosts file.  [ruby-core:59239] [Bug #9273]
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::Config.parse_resolv_conf): ditto.
-
-Sat Dec 21 05:43:27 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/make-snapshot: replace RUBY_PATCHLEVEL_STR in version.h to
-	  show users that this ruby is a preview/rc version.
-
-Sat Dec 21 05:03:49 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (fake.rb): fixed wrong RUBY_PLATFORM, to correctly
-	  install win32.h.
-	  [ruby-core:58801][Bug #9199] reported by arton.
-
-For the changes before 2.1.0, see doc/ChangeLog-2.1.0
-For the changes before 2.0.0, see doc/ChangeLog-2.0.0
-For the changes before 1.9.3, see doc/ChangeLog-1.9.3
-For the changes before 1.8.0, see doc/ChangeLog-1.8.0
-
-Local variables:
-coding: us-ascii
-add-log-time-format: (lambda ()
-  (let* ((time (current-time))
-	 (system-time-locale "C")
-	 (diff (+ (cadr time) 32400))
-	 (lo (% diff 65536))
-	 (hi (+ (car time) (/ diff 65536))))
-  (format-time-string "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y" (list hi lo) t)))
-indent-tabs-mode: t
-tab-width: 8
-change-log-indent-text: 2
-end:
-vim: tabstop=8 shiftwidth=2
diff --git a/KNOWNBUGS.rb b/KNOWNBUGS.rb
index b97a08d928..35a8e75876 100644
--- a/KNOWNBUGS.rb
+++ b/KNOWNBUGS.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #
-# This test file concludes tests which point out known bugs.
+# IMPORTANT: Always keep the first 7 lines (comments),
+# even if this file is otherwise empty.
+#
+# This test file includes tests which point out known bugs.
 # So all tests will cause failure.
 #
-
diff --git a/LEGAL b/LEGAL
index 24e36e6231..2a7964e771 100644
--- a/LEGAL
+++ b/LEGAL
@@ -1,116 +1,342 @@
-LEGAL NOTICE INFORMATION
-------------------------
+# -*- rdoc -*-
+
+= LEGAL NOTICE INFORMATION
+--------------------------
 
 All the files in this distribution are covered under either the Ruby's
 license (see the file COPYING) or public-domain except some files
 mentioned below.
 
-ccan/build_assert/build_assert.h
-ccan/check_type/check_type.h
-ccan/container_of/container_of.h
-ccan/str/str.h
+[addr2line.c]
 
-  These files are licensed under the CC0.
+  A part of this file is from FreeBSD.
 
-    http://creativecommons.org/choose/zero/
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 1986, 1988, 1991, 1993::
+    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 
-ccan/list/list.h
+    (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
 
-  This file is licensed under the MIT License.
+    All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
+    to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
+    Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
+    the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
 
-    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+    are met:
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+       may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+       without specific prior written permission.
 
-    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+    ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+    SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-    THE SOFTWARE.
-
-include/ruby/oniguruma.h:
-regcomp.c:
-regenc.[ch]:
-regerror.c:
-regexec.c:
-regint.h:
-regparse.[ch]:
-enc/ascii.c
-enc/big5.c
-enc/cp949.c
-enc/emacs_mule.c
-enc/encdb.c
-enc/euc_jp.c
-enc/euc_kr.c
-enc/euc_tw.c
-enc/gb18030.c
-enc/gb2312.c
-enc/gbk.c
-enc/iso_8859_1.c
-enc/iso_8859_10.c
-enc/iso_8859_11.c
-enc/iso_8859_13.c
-enc/iso_8859_14.c
-enc/iso_8859_15.c
-enc/iso_8859_16.c
-enc/iso_8859_2.c
-enc/iso_8859_3.c
-enc/iso_8859_4.c
-enc/iso_8859_5.c
-enc/iso_8859_6.c
-enc/iso_8859_7.c
-enc/iso_8859_8.c
-enc/iso_8859_9.c
-enc/koi8_r.c
-enc/koi8_u.c
-enc/shift_jis.c
-enc/unicode.c
-enc/us_ascii.c
-enc/utf_16be.c
-enc/utf_16le.c
-enc/utf_32be.c
-enc/utf_32le.c
-enc/utf_8.c
-enc/windows_1251.c
-
-Oniguruma  ----   (C) K.Kosako <sndgk393 AT ybb DOT ne DOT jp>
-
-http://www.geocities.jp/kosako3/oniguruma/
-http://www.ruby-lang.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/oniguruma/
-http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/ports/devel/oniguruma/
-
-   When this software is partly used or it is distributed with Ruby,
-   this of Ruby follows the license of Ruby.
-
-configure:
+	@(#)subr_prf.c	8.3 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
+
+
+[ccan/build_assert/build_assert.h]
+[ccan/check_type/check_type.h]
+[ccan/container_of/container_of.h]
+[ccan/str/str.h]
+
+  These files are licensed under the {CC0}[https://creativecommons.org/choose/zero/].
+
+[ccan/list/list.h]
+
+  This file is licensed under the {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License].
+
+[coroutine]
+
+  Unless otherwise specified, these files are licensed under the
+  {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License].
+
+[include/ruby/onigmo.h]
+[include/ruby/oniguruma.h]
+[regcomp.c]
+[regenc.c]
+[regenc.h]
+[regerror.c]
+[regexec.c]
+[regint.h]
+[regparse.c]
+[regparse.h]
+[enc/ascii.c]
+[enc/big5.c]
+[enc/cp949.c]
+[enc/emacs_mule.c]
+[enc/encdb.c]
+[enc/euc_jp.c]
+[enc/euc_kr.c]
+[enc/euc_tw.c]
+[enc/gb18030.c]
+[enc/gb2312.c]
+[enc/gbk.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_1.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_10.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_11.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_13.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_14.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_15.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_16.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_2.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_3.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_4.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_5.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_6.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_7.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_8.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_9.c]
+[enc/koi8_r.c]
+[enc/koi8_u.c]
+[enc/shift_jis.c]
+[enc/unicode.c]
+[enc/us_ascii.c]
+[enc/utf_16be.c]
+[enc/utf_16le.c]
+[enc/utf_32be.c]
+[enc/utf_32le.c]
+[enc/utf_8.c]
+[enc/windows_1251.c]
+[enc/windows_31j.c]
+
+  Onigmo (Oniguruma-mod) LICENSE
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2002-2009::  K.Kosako  <sndgk393 AT ybb DOT ne DOT jp>
+    Copyright (c) 2011-2014::  K.Takata  <kentkt AT csc DOT jp>
+    All rights reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+    are met:
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+    ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+    SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+  Oniguruma LICENSE
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2002-2009::  K.Kosako  <sndgk393 AT ybb DOT ne DOT jp>
+    All rights reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+    are met:
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+    ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+    SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+  * https://github.com/k-takata/Onigmo/
+  * https://github.com/kkos/oniguruma
+  * https://svnweb.freebsd.org/ports/head/devel/oniguruma/
+
+    When this software is partly used or it is distributed with Ruby,
+    this of Ruby follows the license of Ruby.
+
+[enc/windows_1250.c]
+[enc/windows_1252.c]
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2006-2007::  Byte      <byte AT mail DOT kna DOT ru>
+                               K.Kosako  <sndgk393 AT ybb DOT ne DOT jp>
+    All rights reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+    are met:
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+    ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+    SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+[enc/cesu_8.c]
+[enc/windows_1253.c]
+[enc/windows_1254.c]
+[enc/windows_1257.c]
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2002-2007::  K.Kosako  <sndgk393 AT ybb DOT ne DOT jp>
+    All rights reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+    are met:
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+    ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+    SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+[enc/trans/GB/GB12345%UCS.src]
+[enc/trans/GB/UCS%GB12345.src]
+[enc/trans/GB/GB2312%UCS.src]
+[enc/trans/GB/UCS%GB2312.src]
+
+  These files have this explanatory texts.
+
+  >>>
+    This mapping data was created from files provided by Unicode, Inc.
+    (The Unicode Consortium). The files were used to create a product supporting
+    Unicode, as explicitly permitted in the files' copyright notices.
+    Please note that Unicode, Inc. never made any claims as to fitness of these
+    files for any particular purpose, and has ceased to publish the files many
+    years ago.
+
+[enc/trans/JIS/JISX0201-KANA%UCS.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/JISX0208\@1990%UCS.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/JISX0212%UCS.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/UCS%JISX0201-KANA.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/UCS%JISX0208@1990.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/UCS%JISX0212.src]
+
+  These files are copyrighted as the following.
+
+  >>>
+    © 2015 Unicode®, Inc.
+
+    For terms of use, see http://www.unicode.org/terms_of_use.html
+
+[enc/trans/JIS/JISX0213-1%UCS@BMP.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/JISX0213-1%UCS@SIP.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/JISX0213-2%UCS@BMP.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/JISX0213-2%UCS@SIP.src]
+
+  These files are copyrighted as the following.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 2001:: earthian@tama.or.jp, All Rights Reserved.
+    Copyright (C) 2001:: I'O, All Rights Reserved.
+    Copyright (C) 2006:: Project X0213, All Rights Reserved.
+    You can use, modify, distribute this table freely.
+
+[enc/trans/JIS/UCS@BMP%JISX0213-1.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/UCS@BMP%JISX0213-2.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/UCS@SIP%JISX0213-1.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/UCS@SIP%JISX0213-2.src]
+
+  These files are copyrighted as the following.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 2001:: earthian@tama.or.jp, All Rights Reserved.
+    Copyright (C) 2001:: I'O, All Rights Reserved.
+    You can use, modify, distribute this table freely.
+
+[enc/trans/ucm/glibc-BIG5-2.3.3.ucm]
+[enc/trans/ucm/glibc-BIG5HKSCS-2.3.3.ucm]
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 2001-2005:: International Business Machines
+                              Corporation and others.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+[enc/trans/ucm/windows-950-2000.ucm]
+[enc/trans/ucm/windows-950_hkscs-2001.ucm]
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 2001-2002:: International Business Machines
+                              Corporation and others.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+
+[configure]
 
   This file is free software.
 
-    Copyright (C) 1992, 93, 94, 95, 96 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 1992-1996, 1998-2012:: Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
     This configure script is free software; the Free Software Foundation
     gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it.
 
-tool/config.guess:
-tool/config.sub:
+[aclocal.m4]
+
+  This file is free software.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 1996-2020:: Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+    This file is free software; the Free Software Foundation
+    gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
+    with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
+
+[tool/config.guess]
+[tool/config.sub]
 
   As long as you distribute these files with the file configure, they
   are covered under the Ruby's license.
 
-      Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999
-      Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+  >>>
+    Copyright 1992-2018:: Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
     This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
     under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
     (at your option) any later version.
 
     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
@@ -119,54 +345,57 @@ tool/config.sub:
     General Public License for more details.
 
     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+    along with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
     As a special exception to the GNU General Public License, if you
     distribute this file as part of a program that contains a
     configuration script generated by Autoconf, you may include it under
-    the same distribution terms that you use for the rest of that program.
+    the same distribution terms that you use for the rest of that
+    program.  This Exception is an additional permission under section 7
+    of the GNU General Public License, version 3 ("GPLv3").
 
-parse.c:
+[parse.c]
+[parse.h]
 
-  This file is licensed under the GPL, but is incorporated into Ruby and
+  These files are licensed under the GPL, but are incorporated into Ruby and
   redistributed under the terms of the Ruby license, as permitted by the
   exception to the GPL below.
 
-     Copyright (C) 1984, 1989, 1990, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006
-     Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 1984, 1989-1990, 2000-2015, 2018:: Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-     the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
-     any later version.
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
 
-     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-     GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-     along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-     Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
-     Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  */
+    As a special exception, you may create a larger work that contains
+    part or all of the Bison parser skeleton and distribute that work
+    under terms of your choice, so long as that work isn't itself a
+    parser generator using the skeleton or a modified version thereof
+    as a parser skeleton.  Alternatively, if you modify or redistribute
+    the parser skeleton itself, you may (at your option) remove this
+    special exception, which will cause the skeleton and the resulting
+    Bison output files to be licensed under the GNU General Public
+    License without this special exception.
 
-  /* As a special exception, you may create a larger work that contains
-     part or all of the Bison parser skeleton and distribute that work
-     under terms of your choice, so long as that work isn't itself a
-     parser generator using the skeleton or a modified version thereof
-     as a parser skeleton.  Alternatively, if you modify or redistribute
-     the parser skeleton itself, you may (at your option) remove this
-     special exception, which will cause the skeleton and the resulting
-     Bison output files to be licensed under the GNU General Public
-     License without this special exception.
+    This special exception was added by the Free Software Foundation in
+    version 2.2 of Bison.
 
-     This special exception was added by the Free Software Foundation in
-     version 2.2 of Bison.  */
+[missing/dtoa.c]
 
-util.c (partly):
+  This file is under these licenses.
 
-    Copyright (c) 1991, 2000, 2001 by Lucent Technologies.
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 1991, 2000, 2001:: by Lucent Technologies.
 
     Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
     purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
@@ -179,71 +408,73 @@ util.c (partly):
     REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
     OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
-win32/win32.[ch]:
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2004-2008:: David Schultz <das@FreeBSD.ORG>
+                              All rights reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+    are met:
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+    ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+    SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+[win32/win32.c]
+[include/ruby/win32.h]
 
   You can apply the Artistic License to these files. (or GPL,
   alternatively)
 
-    Copyright (c) 1993, Intergraph Corporation
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 1993:: Intergraph Corporation
 
     You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
     License or the Artistic License, as specified in the perl README file.
 
-util.c (partly):
-
-   Copyright (c) 2004-2008 David Schultz <das@FreeBSD.ORG>
-   All rights reserved.
-
-   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-   are met:
-   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-
-   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-   ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-   IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-   ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-   FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-   DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-   OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-   HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-   LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-   OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-   SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-random.c
+[missing/mt19937.c]
 
   This file is under the new-style BSD license.
 
-    A C-program for MT19937, with initialization improved 2002/2/10.
-    Coded by Takuji Nishimura and Makoto Matsumoto.
+  >>>
+    A C-program for MT19937, with initialization improved 2002/2/10.::
+    Coded by Takuji Nishimura and Makoto Matsumoto.  
     This is a faster version by taking Shawn Cokus's optimization,
     Matthe Bellew's simplification, Isaku Wada's real version.
 
     Before using, initialize the state by using init_genrand(seed)
     or init_by_array(init_key, key_length).
 
-    Copyright (C) 1997 - 2002, Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura,
-    All rights reserved.
+    Copyright (C) 1997 - 2002:: Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura,
+                                All rights reserved.
 
     Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
     are met:
 
-      1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-	 notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 
-      2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-	 notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-	 documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 
-      3. The names of its contributors may not be used to endorse or promote
-	 products derived from this software without specific prior written
-	 permission.
+    3. The names of its contributors may not be used to endorse or promote
+       products derived from this software without specific prior written
+       permission.
 
     THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
     "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
@@ -262,44 +493,15 @@ random.c
     http://www.math.keio.ac.jp/matumoto/emt.html
     email: matumoto@math.keio.ac.jp
 
-vm_dump.c:procstat_vm
-
- * Copyright (c) 2007 Robert N. M. Watson
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
- * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
- * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
- * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
- * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
- * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
- * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- *
- * $FreeBSD: head/usr.bin/procstat/procstat_vm.c 261780 2014-02-11 21:57:37Z jhb $
-
-vsnprintf.c:
-
-  This file is under the old-style BSD license.  Note that the
-  paragraph 3 below is now null and void.
-
-    Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
-         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+  The Wayback Machine url: http://web.archive.org/web/19990429082237/http://www.math.keio.ac.jp/matumoto/emt.html
 
-    This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
-    Chris Torek.
+[missing/procstat_vm.c]
+
+  This file is under the new-style BSD license.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2007:: Robert N. M. Watson
+                         All rights reserved.
 
     Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
@@ -309,14 +511,11 @@ vsnprintf.c:
     2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
        notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
        documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-    3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-       may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-       without specific prior written permission.
 
-    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
     ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
     IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
     FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
     DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
     OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
@@ -325,146 +524,104 @@ vsnprintf.c:
     OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-    IMPORTANT NOTE:
-    --------------
-    From ftp://ftp.cs.berkeley.edu/pub/4bsd/README.Impt.License.Change
-    paragraph 3 above is now null and void.
-
-st.[ch]:
-missing/alloca.c:
-missing/dup2.c:
-missing/erf.c:
-missing/finite.c:
-missing/hypot.c:
-missing/isinf.c:
-missing/isnan.c:
-missing/lgamma_r.c:
-missing/memcmp.c:
-missing/memmove.c:
-missing/strchr.c:
-missing/strstr.c:
-missing/strtol.c:
-missing/tgamma.c:
-ext/digest/sha1/sha1.[ch]:
+    $FreeBSD: head/usr.bin/procstat/procstat_vm.c 261780 2014-02-11 21:57:37Z jhb $
+
+[vsnprintf.c]
+
+  This file is under the {old-style BSD license}[rdoc-label:label-Old-style+BSD+license].
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 1990, 1993::
+    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+
+    This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+    Chris Torek.
+
+[st.c]
+[strftime.c]
+[include/ruby/st.h]
+[missing/acosh.c]
+[missing/alloca.c]
+[missing/dup2.c]
+[missing/erf.c]
+[missing/finite.c]
+[missing/hypot.c]
+[missing/isinf.c]
+[missing/isnan.c]
+[missing/lgamma_r.c]
+[missing/memcmp.c]
+[missing/memmove.c]
+[missing/strchr.c]
+[missing/strerror.c]
+[missing/strstr.c]
+[missing/tgamma.c]
+[ext/date/date_strftime.c]
+[ext/digest/sha1/sha1.c]
+[ext/digest/sha1/sha1.h]
 
   These files are all under public domain.
 
-missing/crypt.c:
+[missing/crypt.c]
 
-  This file is under the old-style BSD license.  Note that the
-  paragraph 3 below is now null and void.
+  This file is under the {old-style BSD license}[rdoc-label:label-Old-style+BSD+license].
 
-    Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
-    	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 1989, 1993::
+    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 
     This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
     Tom Truscott.
 
-    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-    are met:
-    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-    3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-       may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-       without specific prior written permission.
+[missing/setproctitle.c]
 
-    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-    ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-    SUCH DAMAGE.
+  This file is under the {old-style BSD license}[rdoc-label:label-Old-style+BSD+license].
 
-missing/setproctitle.c
+  >>>
+    Copyright 2003:: Damien Miller
+    Copyright (c) 1983, 1995-1997:: Eric P. Allman
+    Copyright (c) 1988, 1993::
+    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 
-  This file is under the old-style BSD license.  Note that the
-  paragraph 3 below is now null and void.
+[missing/strlcat.c]
+[missing/strlcpy.c]
 
-    Copyright 2003 Damien Miller
-    Copyright (c) 1983, 1995-1997 Eric P. Allman
-    Copyright (c) 1988, 1993
-    	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+  These files are under an ISC-style license.
 
-    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-    are met:
-    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-    3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-       may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-       without specific prior written permission.
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 1998, 2015:: Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
 
-    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-    ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-    SUCH DAMAGE.
+    Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+    purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+    copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 
-missing/strlcat.c
-missing/strlcpy.c
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+    WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+    MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+    ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+    WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+    ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+    OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 
-  These files are under the new-style BSD license.
-
-   Copyright (c) 1998 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
-   All rights reserved.
-
-   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-   are met:
-   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-   3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
-      derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
-
-   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
-   INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
-   AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
-   THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
-   EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
-   PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
-   OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
-   WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
-   OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
-   ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-missing/langinfo.c
+[missing/langinfo.c]
 
   This file is from http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/langinfo.c.
   Ruby uses a modified version. The file contains the following
   author/copyright notice:
 
-  Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk -- 2002-03-11
-  Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software
-  for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted. The author
-  disclaims all warranties with regard to this software.
+  >>>
+    Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk -- 2002-03-11::
+    Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software
+    for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted. The author
+    disclaims all warranties with regard to this software.
 
-ext/digest/md5/md5.[ch]:
+[ext/digest/md5/md5.c]
+[ext/digest/md5/md5.h]
 
   These files are under the following license.  Ruby uses modified
   versions of them.
 
-    Copyright (C) 1999, 2000 Aladdin Enterprises.  All rights reserved.
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 1999, 2000:: Aladdin Enterprises.  All rights reserved.
 
     This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
     warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
@@ -485,23 +642,27 @@ ext/digest/md5/md5.[ch]:
     L. Peter Deutsch
     ghost@aladdin.com
 
-ext/digest/rmd160/rmd160.[ch]:
+[ext/digest/rmd160/rmd160.c]
+[ext/digest/rmd160/rmd160.h]
 
   These files have the following copyright information, and by the
   author we are allowed to use it under the new-style BSD license.
 
-    AUTHOR:   Antoon Bosselaers, ESAT-COSIC
+  >>>
+    AUTHOR::  Antoon Bosselaers, ESAT-COSIC
               (Arranged for libc by Todd C. Miller)
-    DATE:     1 March 1996
+    DATE::    1 March 1996
 
-    Copyright (c) Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
+    Copyright (c):: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
     1996, All Rights Reserved
 
-ext/digest/sha2/sha2.[ch]:
+[ext/digest/sha2/sha2.c]
+[ext/digest/sha2/sha2.h]
 
   These files are under the new-style BSD license.
 
-    Copyright 2000 Aaron D. Gifford.  All rights reserved.
+  >>>
+    Copyright 2000:: Aaron D. Gifford.  All rights reserved.
 
     Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
@@ -527,29 +688,123 @@ ext/digest/sha2/sha2.[ch]:
     OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/config.h:
-ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c:
-ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/utf8tbl.c:
+[ext/json/generator/generator.c]
+
+  The file contains the following copyright notice.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright 2001-2004:: Unicode, Inc.
+
+    Disclaimer::
+
+      This source code is provided as is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are
+      made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any
+      kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine
+      applicability of information provided. If this file has been
+      purchased on magnetic or optical media from Unicode, Inc., the
+      sole remedy for any claim will be exchange of defective media
+      within 90 days of receipt.
+
+    Limitations on Rights to Redistribute This Code::
+
+      Unicode, Inc. hereby grants the right to freely use the information
+      supplied in this file in the creation of products supporting the
+      Unicode Standard, and to make copies of this file in any form
+      for internal or external distribution as long as this notice
+      remains attached.
+
+[ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/config.h]
+[ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c]
+[ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/utf8tbl.c]
 
   These files are under the following license.  So to speak, it is
   copyrighted semi-public-domain software.
 
-    Copyright (C) 1987, Fujitsu LTD. (Itaru ICHIKAWA)
-       Everyone is permitted to do anything on this program
-       including copying, modifying, improving,
-       as long as you don't try to pretend that you wrote it.
-       i.e., the above copyright notice has to appear in all copies.
-       Binary distribution requires original version messages.
-       You don't have to ask before copying, redistribution or publishing.
-       THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE.
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 1987:: Fujitsu LTD. (Itaru ICHIKAWA)
+
+    Everyone is permitted to do anything on this program
+    including copying, modifying, improving,
+    as long as you don't try to pretend that you wrote it.
+    i.e., the above copyright notice has to appear in all copies.
+    Binary distribution requires original version messages.
+    You don't have to ask before copying, redistribution or publishing.
+    THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+[ext/psych]
+[test/psych]
 
-ext/socket/addrinfo.h:
-ext/socket/getaddrinfo.c:
-ext/socket/getnameinfo.c:
+  The files under these directories are under the following license, except for
+  ext/psych/yaml.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright 2009:: Aaron Patterson, et al.
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+    this software and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to deal in
+    the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+    use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+    of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+    so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+    copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+    SOFTWARE.
+
+[ext/psych/yaml]
+
+  The files under this directory are under the following license.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2006:: Kirill Simonov
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+    this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+    the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+    use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+    of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+    so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+    copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+    SOFTWARE.
+
+[ext/pty/pty.c]
+
+  >>>
+    C) Copyright 1998:: by Akinori Ito.
+
+    This software may be redistributed freely for this purpose, in full
+    or in part, provided that this entire copyright notice is included
+    on any copies of this software and applications and derivations thereof.
+
+    This software is provided on an "as is" basis, without warranty of any
+    kind, either expressed or implied, as to any matter including, but not
+    limited to warranty of fitness of purpose, or merchantability, or
+    results obtained from use of this software.
+
+[ext/socket/addrinfo.h]
+[ext/socket/getaddrinfo.c]
+[ext/socket/getnameinfo.c]
 
   These files are under the new-style BSD license.
 
-    Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 WIDE Project.
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999:: WIDE Project.
     All rights reserved.
 
     Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -576,17 +831,221 @@ ext/socket/getnameinfo.c:
     OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-ext/win32ole/win32ole.c:
+[ext/win32ole/win32ole.c]
 
   You can apply the Artistic License to this file. (or GPL,
   alternatively)
 
-    (c) 1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+  >>>
+    (c) 1995:: Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
     Developed by ActiveWare Internet Corp., http://www.ActiveWare.com
 
-    Other modifications Copyright (c) 1997, 1998 by Gurusamy Sarathy
+    Other modifications Copyright (c) 1997, 1998:: by Gurusamy Sarathy
     <gsar@umich.edu> and Jan Dubois <jan.dubois@ibm.net>
 
     You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
     License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file
     of the Perl distribution.
+
+  The Wayback Machine url: http://web.archive.org/web/19970607104352/http://www.activeware.com:80/
+
+[lib/rdoc/generator/template/darkfish/css/fonts.css]
+
+  This file is licensed under the {SIL Open Font License}[http://scripts.sil.org/OFL].
+
+[spec/mspec]
+[spec/ruby]
+
+  The files under these directories are under the following license.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2008:: Engine Yard, Inc. All rights reserved.
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+    obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+    files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+    restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+    copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+    Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+    conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+    included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+    EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
+    OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+    NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+    HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+    WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+    FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+    OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+[lib/rubygems.rb]
+[lib/rubygems]
+[test/rubygems]
+
+  RubyGems is under the following license.
+
+  >>>
+    RubyGems is copyrighted free software by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim
+    Weirich and others.  You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+    either the terms of the {MIT license}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License], or the conditions
+    below:
+
+    1. You may make and give away verbatim copies of the source form of the
+       software without restriction, provided that you duplicate all of the
+       original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.
+
+    2. You may modify your copy of the software in any way, provided that
+       you do at least ONE of the following:
+
+       a. place your modifications in the Public Domain or otherwise
+          make them Freely Available, such as by posting said
+          modifications to Usenet or an equivalent medium, or by allowing
+          the author to include your modifications in the software.
+
+       b. use the modified software only within your corporation or
+          organization.
+
+       c. give non-standard executables non-standard names, with
+          instructions on where to get the original software distribution.
+
+       d. make other distribution arrangements with the author.
+
+    3. You may distribute the software in object code or executable
+       form, provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
+
+       a. distribute the executables and library files of the software,
+          together with instructions (in the manual page or equivalent)
+          on where to get the original distribution.
+
+       b. accompany the distribution with the machine-readable source of
+          the software.
+
+       c. give non-standard executables non-standard names, with
+          instructions on where to get the original software distribution.
+
+       d. make other distribution arrangements with the author.
+
+    4. You may modify and include the part of the software into any other
+       software (possibly commercial).
+
+    5. The scripts and library files supplied as input to or produced as
+       output from the software do not automatically fall under the
+       copyright of the software, but belong to whomever generated them,
+       and may be sold commercially, and may be aggregated with this
+       software.
+
+    6. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
+       IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
+       WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+       PURPOSE.
+
+[lib/bundler]
+[lib/bundler.rb]
+[lib/bundler.gemspec]
+[spec/bundler]
+[man/bundle-*,gemfile.*]
+
+  Bundler is under the following license.
+
+  >>>
+    Portions copyright (c) 2010:: Andre Arko
+    Portions copyright (c) 2009:: Engine Yard
+
+    {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License]
+
+[lib/did_you_mean]
+[lib/did_you_mean.rb]
+[test/did_you_mean]
+
+  did_you_mean is under the following license.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2014-2016 Yuki Nishijima
+
+    {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License]
+
+[benchmark/so_ackermann.rb]
+[benchmark/so_array.rb]
+[benchmark/so_binary_trees.rb]
+[benchmark/so_concatenate.rb]
+[benchmark/so_count_words.yml]
+[benchmark/so_exception.rb]
+[benchmark/so_fannkuch.rb]
+[benchmark/so_fasta.rb]
+[benchmark/so_k_nucleotide.yml]
+[benchmark/so_lists.rb]
+[benchmark/so_mandelbrot.rb]
+[benchmark/so_matrix.rb]
+[benchmark/so_meteor_contest.rb]
+[benchmark/so_nbody.rb]
+[benchmark/so_nested_loop.rb]
+[benchmark/so_nsieve.rb]
+[benchmark/so_nsieve_bits.rb]
+[benchmark/so_object.rb]
+[benchmark/so_partial_sums.rb]
+[benchmark/so_pidigits.rb]
+[benchmark/so_random.rb]
+[benchmark/so_reverse_complement.yml]
+[benchmark/so_sieve.rb]
+[benchmark/so_spectralnorm.rb]
+
+  These files are very old copy of then-called "The Great Computer Language
+  Shootout".  LEGAL SITUATION OF THESE FILES ARE UNCLEAR because the original
+  site has been lost.  Upstream diverged to delete several benchmarks listed
+  above.
+
+== MIT License
+>>>
+      Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+      a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+      "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+      without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+      distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+      permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+      the following conditions:
+
+      The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+      included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+      THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+      EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+      MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+      NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+      LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+      OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+      WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+== Old-style BSD license
+>>>
+      Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+      modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+      are met:
+      1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+         notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+      2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+         notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+         documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+      3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+         may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+         without specific prior written permission.
+
+      THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+      ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+      IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+      ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+      FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+      DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+      OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+      HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+      LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+      OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+      SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+      IMPORTANT NOTE::
+
+      From ftp://ftp.cs.berkeley.edu/pub/4bsd/README.Impt.License.Change
+      paragraph 3 above is now null and void.
diff --git a/Makefile.in b/Makefile.in
deleted file mode 100644
index 7da2488b46..0000000000
--- a/Makefile.in
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,506 +0,0 @@
-SHELL = /bin/sh
-NULLCMD = @NULLCMD@
-n=$(NULLCMD)
-ECHO1 = $(V:1=$n)
-RUNCMD = $(SHELL)
-CDPATH = .
-CHDIR = @CHDIR@
-exec = exec
-NULL = /dev/null
-PATH_SEPARATOR = @PATH_SEPARATOR@
-
-#### Start of system configuration section. ####
-
-srcdir = @srcdir@
-top_srcdir = $(srcdir)
-hdrdir = $(srcdir)/include
-PLATFORM_DIR = @PLATFORM_DIR@
-
-CC = @CC@
-CPP = @CPP@
-LD = @LD@
-YACC = bison
-PURIFY =
-AUTOCONF = autoconf
-@SET_MAKE@
-MKFILES = @MAKEFILES@
-BASERUBY = @BASERUBY@
-HAVE_BASERUBY = @HAVE_BASERUBY@
-TEST_RUNNABLE = @TEST_RUNNABLE@
-CROSS_COMPILING = @CROSS_COMPILING@
-DOXYGEN = @DOXYGEN@
-
-prefix = @prefix@
-exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
-bindir = @bindir@
-sbindir = @sbindir@
-libdir = @libdir@
-libexecdir = @libexecdir@
-datarootdir = @datarootdir@
-datadir = @datadir@
-arch = @arch@
-sitearch = @sitearch@
-sitedir = @sitedir@
-archlibdir = @archlibdir@
-ruby_version = @ruby_version@
-
-TESTUI = console
-TESTS =
-INSTALLDOC = @INSTALLDOC@
-DOCTARGETS = @RDOCTARGET@ @CAPITARGET@
-
-EXTOUT = @EXTOUT@
-arch_hdrdir = $(EXTOUT)/include/$(arch)
-VPATH = $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby:$(hdrdir)/ruby:$(srcdir):$(srcdir)/enc:$(srcdir)/missing
-
-empty =
-CC_VERSION = @CC_VERSION@
-OUTFLAG = @OUTFLAG@$(empty)
-COUTFLAG = @COUTFLAG@$(empty)
-ARCH_FLAG = @ARCH_FLAG@
-CFLAGS_NO_ARCH = @CFLAGS@
-CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS_NO_ARCH) $(ARCH_FLAG)
-cflags = @cflags@
-optflags = @optflags@
-debugflags = @debugflags@
-warnflags = @warnflags@ @strict_warnflags@
-cppflags = @cppflags@
-INCFLAGS = -I. -I$(arch_hdrdir) -I$(hdrdir) -I$(srcdir)
-XCFLAGS = @XCFLAGS@
-CPPFLAGS = @CPPFLAGS@ $(INCFLAGS)
-LDFLAGS = @STATIC@ $(CFLAGS) @LDFLAGS@
-EXTLDFLAGS = @EXTLDFLAGS@
-XLDFLAGS = @XLDFLAGS@ $(EXTLDFLAGS)
-EXTLIBS =
-LIBS = @LIBS@ $(EXTLIBS)
-MISSING = @LIBOBJS@ @ALLOCA@
-LDSHARED = @LIBRUBY_LDSHARED@
-DLDFLAGS = @LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS@ $(XLDFLAGS) $(ARCH_FLAG)
-SOLIBS = @SOLIBS@
-MAINLIBS = @MAINLIBS@
-ARCHMINIOBJS = @MINIOBJS@
-DLNOBJ = @DLNOBJ@
-ENCOBJS = @ENCOBJS@
-EXTOBJS = @EXTOBJS@
-BUILTIN_ENCOBJS = @BUILTIN_ENCOBJS@
-BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS = @BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS@
-BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS = @BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS@
-POSTLINK = @POSTLINK@
-
-RUBY_BASE_NAME=@RUBY_BASE_NAME@
-RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION=@RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION@
-RUBY_INSTALL_NAME=@RUBY_INSTALL_NAME@
-RUBY_SO_NAME=@RUBY_SO_NAME@
-EXEEXT = @EXEEXT@
-LIBEXT = @LIBEXT@
-PROGRAM=$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)$(EXEEXT)
-RUBY = $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)
-MINIRUBY = @MINIRUBY@\
-	$(MINIRUBYOPT)
-# RUNRUBY_COMMAND:: runruby.rb or baseruby. do not append options directly
-RUNRUBY_COMMAND = @RUNRUBY_COMMAND@
-# RUNRUBY:: run ruby with RUN_OPTS which is passed to ruby
-RUNRUBY = @RUNRUBY@ $(RUN_OPTS)
-# RUNRUBY_DEBUGGER:: debugging option for runruby.rb
-RUNRUBY_DEBUGGER = --debugger='gdb -x run.gdb --quiet --args'
-XRUBY = @XRUBY@
-BTESTRUBY = @BTESTRUBY@\
-	$(MINIRUBYOPT)
-INSTALL = @INSTALL@
-INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@
-INSTALL_SCRIPT = @INSTALL_SCRIPT@
-INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@
-XRUBY_LIBDIR = @XRUBY_LIBDIR@
-XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR = @XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR@
-XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR = @XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR@
-
-#### End of system configuration section. ####
-
-MAJOR=	@MAJOR@
-MINOR=	@MINOR@
-TEENY=	@TEENY@
-
-LIBRUBY_A     = @LIBRUBY_A@
-LIBRUBY_SO    = @LIBRUBY_SO@
-LIBRUBY_ALIASES= @LIBRUBY_ALIASES@
-LIBRUBY	      = @LIBRUBY@
-LIBRUBYARG    = @LIBRUBYARG@
-LIBRUBYARG_STATIC = @LIBRUBYARG_STATIC@
-LIBRUBYARG_SHARED = @LIBRUBYARG_SHARED@
-LIBRUBY_RELATIVE = @LIBRUBY_RELATIVE@
-LIBRUBY_A_OBJS = @LIBRUBY_A_OBJS@
-
-DTRACE_REBUILD_OBJS = $(DTRACE_REBUILD:yes=$(DTRACE_DEPENDENT_OBJS))
-
-DTRACE_DEPENDENT_OBJS = array.$(OBJEXT) \
-			eval.$(OBJEXT) \
-			gc.$(OBJEXT) \
-			hash.$(OBJEXT) \
-			load.$(OBJEXT) \
-			object.$(OBJEXT) \
-			parse.$(OBJEXT) \
-			string.$(OBJEXT) \
-			symbol.$(OBJEXT) \
-			vm.$(OBJEXT)
-
-THREAD_MODEL  = @THREAD_MODEL@
-
-PREP          = @PREP@
-ARCHFILE      = @ARCHFILE@
-SETUP         =
-EXTSTATIC     = @EXTSTATIC@
-ENCSTATIC     = @ENCSTATIC@
-SET_LC_MESSAGES = env LC_MESSAGES=C
-
-MAKEDIRS      = @MKDIR_P@
-CP            = cp
-MV            = mv
-RM            = rm -f
-RMDIR         = @RMDIR@
-RMDIRS        = @RMDIRS@
-RMALL         = @RMALL@
-NM            = @NM@
-AR            = @AR@
-ARFLAGS       = rcu
-RANLIB        = @RANLIB@
-AS            = @AS@
-ASFLAGS       = @ASFLAGS@ $(INCFLAGS)
-IFCHANGE      = $(srcdir)/tool/ifchange
-SET_LC_MESSAGES = env LC_MESSAGES=C
-OBJDUMP       = @OBJDUMP@
-OBJCOPY       = @OBJCOPY@
-VCS           = @VCS@
-VCSUP         = @VCSUP@
-DTRACE        = @DTRACE@
-DTRACE_EXT    = @DTRACE_EXT@
-DTRACE_OBJ    = @DTRACE_OBJ@
-DTRACE_REBUILD= @DTRACE_REBUILD@
-DTRACE_GLOMMED_OBJ = $(DTRACE_REBUILD:yes=ruby-glommed.$(OBJEXT))
-
-OBJEXT        = @OBJEXT@
-ASMEXT        = S
-DLEXT         = @DLEXT@
-MANTYPE	      = @MANTYPE@
-SYMBOL_PREFIX = @SYMBOL_PREFIX@
-
-INSTALLED_LIST= .installed.list
-
-NEWLINE_C     = newline.c
-MINIPRELUDE_C = miniprelude.c
-PRELUDE_C     = prelude.c
-RBCONFIG      = .rbconfig.time
-
-SRC_FILE      = $<
-OS_SRC_FILE   = $<
-DEST_FILE     = $@
-OS_DEST_FILE  = $@
-
-MESSAGE_BEGIN = @for line in
-MESSAGE_END = ; do echo "$$line"; done
-ECHO_BEGIN = @sep=''; for word in
-ECHO_END = ; do echo @ECHO_N@ "$$sep'$$word'@ECHO_C@"; sep=' '; done; echo
-
-DESTDIR       = @DESTDIR@
-
-configure_args = @configure_args@
-#### End of variables
-
-.SUFFIXES: .inc .h .c .y .i .$(DTRACE_EXT)
-
-all:
-
-# Prevent GNU make v3 from overflowing arg limit on SysV.
-.NOEXPORT:
-
-miniruby$(EXEEXT):
-		@-if test -f $@; then $(MV) -f $@ $@.old; $(RM) $@.old; fi
-		$(ECHO) linking $@
-		$(Q) $(PURIFY) $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) $(NORMALMAINOBJ) $(MINIOBJS) $(COMMONOBJS) $(INITOBJS) $(MAINLIBS) $(LIBS) $(OUTFLAG)$@
-
-$(PROGRAM):
-		@$(RM) $@
-		$(ECHO) linking $@
-		$(Q) $(PURIFY) $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) $(MAINOBJ) $(EXTOBJS) $(LIBRUBYARG) $(MAINLIBS) $(LIBS) $(EXTLIBS) $(OUTFLAG)$@
-		$(Q) $(POSTLINK)
-
-# We must `rm' the library each time this rule is invoked because "updating" a
-# MAB library on Apple/NeXT (see --enable-fat-binary in configure) is not
-# supported.
-$(LIBRUBY_A):
-		@$(RM) $@
-		$(ECHO) linking static-library $@
-		$(Q) $(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $(LIBRUBY_A_OBJS) $(INITOBJS)
-		@-$(RANLIB) $@ 2> /dev/null || true
-		$(ECHO) verifying static-library $@
-		@$(PURIFY) $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) $(MAINOBJ) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(MAINLIBS) $(EXTLIBS) $(LIBS) $(OUTFLAG)conftest$(EXEEXT)
-		@$(RM) conftest$(EXEEXT) conftest.c
-
-$(LIBRUBY_SO):
-		@-$(PRE_LIBRUBY_UPDATE)
-		$(ECHO) linking shared-library $@
-		$(Q) $(LDSHARED) $(DLDFLAGS) $(OBJS) $(DLDOBJS) $(SOLIBS) $(EXTSOLIBS) $(OUTFLAG)$@
-		-$(Q) $(OBJCOPY) -w -L '$(SYMBOL_PREFIX)Init_*' -L '$(SYMBOL_PREFIX)*_threadptr_*' $@
-		$(Q) $(POSTLINK)
-		@-$(MINIRUBY) -e 'ARGV.each{|link| File.delete link rescue nil; \
-						  File.symlink "$(LIBRUBY_SO)", link}' \
-				$(LIBRUBY_ALIASES) || true
-$(arch)-fake.rb: config.status $(srcdir)/template/fake.rb.in
-		@./config.status --file=$@:$(srcdir)/template/fake.rb.in
-		@chmod +x $@
-
-ruby_pc = @ruby_pc@
-$(ruby_pc):
-		@./config.status --file=$@:$(srcdir)/template/ruby.pc.in
-
-install-cross: $(arch)-fake.rb $(RBCONFIG) rbconfig.rb $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h \
-	$(LIBRUBY_A) $(LIBRUBY_SO) $(ARCHFILE)
-	$(ECHO) installing cross-compiling stuff
-	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR)/$(arch) $(XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR)/$(arch)/ruby
-	$(Q) sed '/^\$$:\.unshift/q' $(arch)-fake.rb > fake.rb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -p \
-	-e '~/^\s*CONFIG\["LDFLAGS"\]/ and' \
-	-e '$$_[/(?=\s*"$$)/] = %q[ #{(CONFIG["LIBPATHFLAG"]%File.dirname(__FILE__)).strip}]' \
-	rbconfig.rb > fake-rbconfig.rb
-	$(INSTALL_SCRIPT) fake.rb $(XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR)/$(arch)/fake.rb
-	$(INSTALL_SCRIPT) fake-rbconfig.rb $(XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR)/$(arch)/rbconfig.rb
-	@$(RM) fake.rb fake-rbconfig.rb
-	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h $(XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR)/$(arch)/ruby
-	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(top_srcdir)/include/ruby/win32.h $(XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR)/ruby
-	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(LIBRUBY) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR)/$(arch)
-	$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $(LIBRUBY_SO) $(XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR)/$(arch)
-
-Makefile:	$(srcdir)/Makefile.in $(srcdir)/enc/Makefile.in
-
-$(MKFILES): config.status $(srcdir)/version.h
-		@[ -f $@ ] && mv $@ $@.old
-		MAKE=$(MAKE) $(SHELL) ./config.status $@
-		@cmp $@ $@.old > /dev/null 2>&1 && echo $@ unchanged && exit 0; \
-		{ \
-		    echo "all:; -@rm -f conftest.mk"; \
-		    echo "conftest.mk: .force; @echo AUTO_REMAKE"; \
-		    echo ".force:"; \
-		} > conftest.mk || exit 1; \
-		$(MAKE) -f conftest.mk | grep '^AUTO_REMAKE$$' >/dev/null 2>&1 || \
-		{ echo "$@ updated, restart."; exit 1; }
-
-uncommon.mk: $(srcdir)/common.mk
-		sed 's/{\$$([^(){}]*)[^{}]*}//g' $< > $@
-
-.PHONY: reconfig
-reconfig-args = $(srcdir)/configure $(configure_args)
-config.status-args = ./config.status --recheck
-reconfig-exec-0 = exec 3>&1; exit `exec 4>&1; { "$$@" 3>&- 4>&-; echo $$? 1>&4; } | fgrep -v '(cached)' 1>&3`
-reconfig-exec-1 = set -x; "$$@"
-
-reconfig config.status:	$(srcdir)/configure $(srcdir)/enc/Makefile.in \
-			$(srcdir)/include/ruby/version.h
-	@PWD= MINIRUBY="$(MINIRUBY)"; export MINIRUBY; \
-	set $(SHELL) $($@-args); $(reconfig-exec-$(V))
-
-$(srcdir)/configure: $(srcdir)/configure.in
-	$(CHDIR) $(srcdir) && exec $(AUTOCONF)
-
-incs: id.h
-all-incs: probes.h
-
-# Things which should be considered:
-# * with gperf v.s. without gperf
-# * committers may have various versions of gperf
-# * ./configure v.s. ../ruby/configure
-# * GNU make v.s. HP-UX make	# HP-UX make invokes the action if lex.c and keywords has same mtime.
-# * svn checkout generate a file with mtime as current time
-# * ext4 and XFS has a mtime with fractional part
-lex.c: defs/keywords
-	@\
-	if cmp -s $(srcdir)/defs/lex.c.src $?; then \
-	  [ $(Q) ] && echo copying $@ || set -x; \
-	  $(CP) $(srcdir)/lex.c.blt $@; \
-	else \
-	  [ $(Q) ] && echo generating $@ || set -x; \
-	  gperf -C -p -j1 -i 1 -g -o -t -N rb_reserved_word -k1,3,$$ $? > $@.tmp && \
-	  $(MV) $@.tmp $@ && \
-	  $(CP) $? $(srcdir)/defs/lex.c.src && \
-	  $(CP) $@ $(srcdir)/lex.c.blt; \
-	fi
-
-NAME2CTYPE_OPTIONS = -7 -c -j1 -i1 -t -C -P -T -H uniname2ctype_hash -Q uniname2ctype_pool -N uniname2ctype_p
-
-enc/unicode/name2ctype.h: enc/unicode/name2ctype.kwd
-	$(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
-	@set +e; \
-	if cmp -s $(?:.kwd=.src) $?; then \
-	  set -x; \
-	  $(CP) $(?:.kwd=.h.blt) $@; \
-	else \
-	  trap '$(RM) $@-1.h $@-2.h' 0 && \
-	  set -x; \
-	  sed '/^#ifdef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES/,/^#endif/d' $? | gperf $(NAME2CTYPE_OPTIONS) > $@-1.h && \
-	  sed '/^#ifdef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES/d;/^#endif/d' $? | gperf $(NAME2CTYPE_OPTIONS) > $@-2.h && \
-	  diff -DUSE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES $@-1.h $@-2.h > $@.tmp || :; \
-	  $(MV) $@.tmp $@ && \
-	  $(CP) $? $(?:.kwd=.src) && \
-	  $(CP) $@ $(?:.kwd=.h.blt); \
-	fi
-
-JIS_PROPS_OPTIONS = -k1,3 -7 -c -j1 -i1 -t -C -P -t --ignore-case -H onig_jis_property_hash -Q onig_jis_property_pool -N onig_jis_property
-
-enc/jis/props.h: enc/jis/props.kwd
-	$(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
-	@set +e; \
-	if cmp -s $(?:.kwd=.src) $?; then \
-	  set -x; \
-	  $(CP) $(?:.kwd=.h.blt) $@; \
-	else \
-	  set -x; \
-	  gperf $(JIS_PROPS_OPTIONS) $? | \
-	  sed 's/(int)(long)&((\([a-zA-Z_0-9 ]*[a-zA-Z_0-9]\) *\*)0)->\([a-zA-Z0-9_]*\),/(char)offsetof(\1, \2),/g' > $@ && \
-	  $(CP) $? $(?:.kwd=.src) && \
-	  $(CP) $@ $(?:.kwd=.h.blt); \
-	fi
-
-.c.@OBJEXT@:
-	@$(ECHO) compiling $<
-	$(Q) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(XCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -c $<
-
-.s.@OBJEXT@:
-	@$(ECHO) assembling $<
-	$(Q) $(AS) $(ASFLAGS) -o $@ $<
-
-.c.S:
-	@$(ECHO) translating $<
-	$(Q) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(XCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -S $<
-
-.c.i:
-	@$(ECHO) preprocessing $<
-	$(Q) $(CPP) $(warnflags) $(XCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -E $< > $@
-
-.d.h:
-	@$(ECHO) translating probes $<
-	$(Q) $(DTRACE) -o $@.tmp -h -C $(INCFLAGS) -s $<
-	$(Q) sed -e 's/RUBY_/RUBY_DTRACE_/g' -e 's/PROBES_H_TMP/PROBES_H/g' -e 's/(char \*/(const char */g' -e 's/, char \*/, const char */g' $@.tmp > $@
-	$(Q) $(RM) $@.tmp
-
-.dmyh.h:
-	@$(ECHO) copying dummy $(DEST_FILE)
-	$(Q) $(CP) $(OS_SRC_FILE) $(OS_DEST_FILE)
-
-probes.stamp: $(DTRACE_REBUILD_OBJS)
-	$(Q) if test -f $@ -o -f probes.$(OBJEXT); then \
-	  $(RM) $(DTRACE_REBUILD_OBJS) $@; \
-	  $(ECHO0) "rebuilding objects which were modified by \"dtrace -G\""; \
-	  $(MAKE) $(DTRACE_REBUILD_OBJS); \
-	fi
-	$(Q) touch $@
-
-probes.@OBJEXT@: $(srcdir)/probes.d probes.stamp
-	@$(ECHO) processing probes in object files
-	$(Q) $(RM) $@
-	$(Q) $(DTRACE) -G -C $(INCFLAGS) -s $(srcdir)/probes.d -o $@ $(DTRACE_REBUILD_OBJS)
-
-# DTrace static library hacks described here:
-# http://mail.opensolaris.org/pipermail/dtrace-discuss/2005-August/000207.html
-ruby-glommed.$(OBJEXT):
-	@$(ECHO) generating a glommed object with DTrace probes for static library
-	$(Q) $(LD) -r -o $@ $(OBJS)
-
-clean-local::
-	$(Q)$(RM) ext/extinit.c ext/extinit.$(OBJEXT) ext/ripper/y.output \
-		enc/encinit.c enc/encinit.$(OBJEXT)
-	-$(Q)$(RM) $(pkgconfig_DATA)
-
-distclean-local::
-	$(Q)$(RM) ext/config.cache $(RBCONFIG) Doxyfile
-	-$(Q)$(RM) run.gdb
-	-$(Q)$(RM) $(INSTALLED_LIST) $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h verconf.h
-	-$(Q)$(RMDIRS) $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby 2> /dev/null || true
-
-clean-ext distclean-ext realclean-ext::
-	@cd ext 2>/dev/null || exit 0; set dummy `echo "${EXTS}" | tr , ' '`; shift; \
-	test "$$#" = 0 && set .; \
-	set dummy `\
-	    find "$$@" -name Makefile -print | sed 's:^\./::;s:/Makefile$$:~:' | sort | sed 's:~$$::'; \
-	`; shift; \
-	cd ..; \
-	for dir do \
-	    echo $(@:-ext=)ing "$$dir"; \
-	    (cd "ext/$$dir" && exec $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $(@:-ext=)) && \
-	    case "$@" in \
-	    *distclean-ext*|*realclean-ext*) \
-		$(RMDIRS) "ext/$$dir" 2> /dev/null || true;; \
-	    esac; \
-	done
-	-$(Q)$(RM) ext/extinit.$(OBJEXT)
-
-distclean-ext realclean-ext::
-	-$(Q)$(RM) ext/extinit.c
-	-$(Q)$(RMDIR) ext 2> /dev/null || true
-
-clean-extout:
-
-clean-enc distclean-enc realclean-enc:
-	@test -f "$(ENC_MK)" || exit 0; \
-	echo $(@:-enc=ing) encodings; \
-	exec $(MAKE) -f $(ENC_MK) $(MFLAGS) $(@:-enc=)
-
-ext/extinit.$(OBJEXT): ext/extinit.c $(SETUP)
-	$(ECHO) compiling $@
-	$(Q) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(XCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -c ext/extinit.c
-
-enc/encinit.$(OBJEXT): enc/encinit.c $(SETUP)
-
-up::
-	@$(CHDIR) "$(srcdir)" && LC_TIME=C exec $(VCSUP)
-
-after-update:: update-config_files common-srcs
-
-update-mspec:
-	@$(CHDIR) $(srcdir); \
-	if [ -d spec/mspec ]; then \
-	  cd spec/mspec; \
-	  echo updating mspec ...; \
-	  exec git pull; \
-	else \
-	  echo retrieving mspec ...; \
-	  exec git clone $(MSPEC_GIT_URL) spec/mspec; \
-	fi
-
-update-rubyspec: update-mspec
-	@$(CHDIR) $(srcdir); \
-	if [ -d spec/rubyspec ]; then \
-	  cd spec/rubyspec; \
-	  echo updating rubyspec ...; \
-	  exec git pull; \
-	else \
-	  echo retrieving rubyspec ...; \
-	  exec git clone $(RUBYSPEC_GIT_URL) spec/rubyspec; \
-	fi
-
-test-rubyspec-precheck:
-	@if [ ! -d $(srcdir)/spec/rubyspec ]; then echo No rubyspec here.  make update-rubyspec first.; exit 1; fi
-
-update-coverage:
-	@$(CHDIR) $(srcdir); \
-	if [ -d coverage/simplecov ]; then \
-	  cd coverage/simplecov; \
-	  echo updating simplecov ...; \
-	  exec git pull; \
-	else \
-	  echo retrieving simplecov ...; \
-	  exec git clone $(SIMPLECOV_GIT_URL) coverage/simplecov; \
-	fi
-
-INSNS	= opt_sc.inc optinsn.inc optunifs.inc insns.inc insns_info.inc \
-	  vmtc.inc vm.inc
-
-$(INSNS): $(srcdir)/insns.def vm_opts.h \
-	  $(srcdir)/defs/opt_operand.def $(srcdir)/defs/opt_insn_unif.def \
-	  $(srcdir)/tool/instruction.rb $(srcdir)/tool/insns2vm.rb
-	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -Ku $(srcdir)/tool/insns2vm.rb $(INSNS2VMOPT) $@
-
-verconf.h: $(RBCONFIG)
-
-loadpath: verconf.h
-	@$(CPP) $(XCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(srcdir)/loadpath.c | \
-	sed -e '1,/^const char ruby_initial_load_paths/d;/;/,$$d' \
-	    -e '/^ /!d;s/ *"\\0"$$//;s/" *"//g'
diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
deleted file mode 100644
index 5ac07db507..0000000000
--- a/NEWS
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,363 +0,0 @@
-# -*- rdoc -*-
-
-= NEWS for Ruby 2.2.0
-
-This document is a list of user visible feature changes made between
-releases except for bug fixes.
-
-Note that each entry is kept so brief that no reason behind or
-reference information is supplied with.  For a full list of changes
-with all sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file.
-
-== Changes since the 2.1.0 release
-
-=== Language changes
-
-* nil/true/false
-  * nil/true/false objects are frozen. [Feature #8923]
-
-* Hash literal
-  * Symbol key followed by a colon can be quoted. [Feature #4276]
-
-* default argument
-  fixed a very longstanding bug that an optional argument was not
-  accessible in its default value expression.  [Bug #9593]
-
-=== Core classes updates (outstanding ones only)
-
-* Binding
-  * New methods:
-    * Binding#local_variables
-    * Binding#receiver
-
-* Dir
-  * New methods:
-    * Dir#fileno
-
-* Enumerable
-  * New methods:
-    * Enumerable#slice_after
-    * Enumerable#slice_when
-  * Extended methods:
-    * min, min_by, max and max_by supports optional argument to return
-      multiple elements.
-
-* Float
-  * New methods:
-    * Float#next_float
-    * Float#prev_float
-
-* File
-  * New methods:
-    * File.birthtime
-    * File#birthtime
-
-* File::Stat
-  * New methods:
-    * File::Stat#birthtime
-
-* GC
-  * GC.latest_gc_info returns :state to represent current GC status.
-  * Improvements
-    * Introduce incremental marking for major GC. [Feature #10137]
-
-* IO
-  * Improvements
-    * IO#nonblock_read and IO#nonblock_write for pipes on Windows are supported.
-
-* Kernel
-  * New methods:
-    * Kernel#itself
-  * Improvements
-    * Kernel#throw raises UncaughtThrowError, subclass of ArgumentError when
-      there is no corresponding catch block, instead of ArgumentError.
-
-* Process
-  * Extended method:
-    * Process execution methods such as Process.spawn opens the file in write
-      mode for redirect from [:out, :err].
-
-* String
-  * New methods:
-    * String#unicode_normalize
-    * String#unicode_normalize!
-    * String#unicode_normalized?
-
-* Symbol
-  * Improvements
-    * Most symbols which are returned by String#to_sym and
-      String#intern are GC-able.
-
-* Method
-  * New methods:
-    * Method#curry([arity]) returns a curried Proc.
-    * Method#super_method returns a Method of superclass, which would be called
-      when super is used.
-
-=== Core classes compatibility issues (excluding feature bug fixes)
-
-* Enumerable
-  * Enumerable#slice_before's state management deprecated.
-  * Enumerable#chunk's state management deprecated.
-
-* GC
-  * incompatible changes:
-    * Rename GC.stat entries. [Feature #9924]
-      See https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11Ua4uBr6o0k-nORrZLEIIUkHJ9JRzRR0NyZfrhEEnc8/edit?usp=sharing
-
-* Hash
-  * incompatible changes:
-    * Change overriding policy for duplicated key. [Bug #10315]
-      { **hash1, **hash2 } contains values of hash2 for duplicated keys.
-
-* IO
-  * incompatible changes:
-    * When flushing file IO with IO#flush, you cannot assume that the metadata
-      of the file is updated immediately.  On some platforms (especially
-      Windows), it is delayed until the filesystem load is decreased.
-      Use IO#fsync if you want to guarantee updating metadata.
-  * IO#each_codepoint raises an exception at incomplete character
-    before EOF when conversion takes place.  [Bug #11444]
-
-* Math
-  * incompatible changes:
-    * Math.log now raises Math::DomainError instead of returning NaN if the
-      base is less than 0, and returns NaN instead of -infinity if both of
-      two arguments are 0.
-    * Math.atan2 now returns values like as expected by C99 if both two
-      arguments are infinity.
-
-* Proc
-  * incompatible changes:
-    * ArgumentError is no longer raised when lambda Proc is passed as a
-      block, and the number of yielded arguments does not match the formal
-      arguments of the lambda, if just an array is yielded and its length
-      matches.
-
-* Process
-  * Process execution methods such as Process.spawn opens the file in write
-    mode for redirect from [:out, :err].
-    Before Ruby 2.2, it was opened in read mode.
-
-=== Stdlib updates (outstanding ones only)
-
-* Continuation
-  * callcc is obsolete. use Fiber instead.
-
-* Digest
-
-  * Digest() should now be thread-safe.  If you have a problem with
-    regard to on-demand loading under a multi-threaded environment,
-    preload "digest/*" modules on boot or use this method instead of
-    directly referencing Digest::*.
-  * Digest::HMAC has been removed just as previously noticed.
-
-* DL
-  * DL has been removed from stdlib. Please use Fiddle instead!
-
-* Etc
-  * New methods:
-    * Etc.uname
-    * Etc.sysconf
-    * Etc.confstr
-    * IO#pathconf
-    * Etc.nprocessors
-
-* Find, Pathname
-  * Extended methods:
-    * find method accepts "ignore_error" keyword argument.
-
-* Matrix
-  * New methods:
-    * Matrix#first_minor(row, column) returns the submatrix obtained
-      by deleting the specified row and column.
-    * Matrix#cofactor(row, column) returns the (row, column) cofactor
-      which is obtained by multiplying the first minor by (-1)**(row + column).
-    * Matrix#adjugate returns the adjugate of the matrix.
-    * hstack and vstack are new instance and class methods to stack matrices
-      horizontally and vertically.
-    * Matrix#laplace_expansion(row_or_column: num) returns the laplace_expansion
-      along the +num+ -th row or column.
-    * Vector.basis(size:, index:) returns the specified basis vector.
-    * Unary - and + added for Vector and Matrix.
-    * Vector#cross_product generalized to arbitrary dimensions.
-    * Vector#dot and #cross are aliases for #inner_product and #cross_product.
-    * Vector#angle_with returns the angle with its argument
-    * New instance and class method independent? to test linear independence.
-
-* Pathname
-  * Pathname#/ is aliased to Pathname#+.
-  * New methods:
-    * Pathname#birthtime
-
-* Rake
-  * Updated to Rake 10.4.0.  For full release notes see:
-
-    http://docs.seattlerb.org/rake/History_rdoc.html#label-10.4.0
-
-* RubyGems
-  * Updated to RubyGems 2.4.2.  For full release notes see:
-
-    http://docs.seattlerb.org/rubygems/History_txt.html#label-2.4.2+%2F+2014-10-01
-
-* TSort
-  * TSort.tsort_each, TSort.each_strongly_connected_component and
-    TSort.each_strongly_connected_component_from returns an enumerator if
-    no block given.
-
-* XMLRPC
-  * Added new parser class named LibXMLStreamParser.
-
-=== Stdlib compatibility issues (excluding feature bug fixes)
-
-* lib/mathn.rb
-  * Show deprecated warning [Feature #10169]
-
-* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb
-  * Removed because it's empty file.
-
-* Digest
-  * Digest::HMAC has finally ceased to exist.  Use OpenSSL::HMAC or an external gem instead.
-
-* time.rb
-  * Time.parse, Time.strptime, Time.rfc2822, Time.xmlschema may produce
-    fixed-offset Time objects.
-    It is happen when usual localtime doesn't preserve the offset from UTC.
-  * Time.httpdate produces always UTC Time object.
-  * Time.strptime raises ArgumentError when no date information.
-
-* lib/rational.rb
-  * Removed because it is deprecated from 2009.
-
-* lib/complex.rb
-  * Removed because it is deprecated from 2009.
-
-* lib/prettyprint.rb
-  * Removed PrettyPrint#first?
-
-* lib/minitest/*.rb
-  * Removed because it conflicts to minitest 5. [Feature #9711]
-
-* lib/test/**/*.rb
-  * Removed because it conflicts to minitest 5, and it was just an wrapper
-    of minitest 4. [Feature #9711]
-
-* lib/uri
-  * support RFC 3986. [Feature #2542]
-
-* GServer
-  * GServer is extracted to gserver gem. It's unmaintain code.
-
-* Logger
-  * Logger::Application is extracted to logger-application gem. It's unmaintain code.
-
-* ObjectSpace (after requiring "objspace")
-  * ObjectSpace.memsize_of(obj) returns a size includes sizeof(RVALUE).
-    [Bug #8984]
-
-* Prime
-  * incompatible changes:
-    * Prime.prime? now returns false for negative numbers. This method
-      should not be used to know the number is composite or not. [Bug #7395]
-
-* Psych
-  * Removed Psych::EngineManager [Bug #8344]
-
-=== Built-in global variables compatibility issues
-
-=== C API updates
-
-* Deprecated APIs removed.  [Feature #9502]
-
-  Check_SafeStr -> SafeStringValue
-  rb_check_safe_str -> SafeStringValue
-  rb_quad_pack -> rb_integer_pack
-  rb_quad_unpack -> rb_integer_unpack
-  rb_read_check : access struct FILE internal. no replacement.
-  rb_struct_iv_get : internal function. no replacement.
-  struct rb_blocking_region_buffer : internal type. no replacement.
-  rb_thread_blocking_region_begin -> rb_thread_call_without_gvl family
-  rb_thread_blocking_region_end -> rb_thread_call_without_gvl family
-  TRAP_BEG -> rb_thread_call_without_gvl family
-  TRAP_END -> rb_thread_call_without_gvl family
-  rb_thread_select -> rb_thread_fd_select
-  struct rb_exec_arg : internal type. no replacement.
-  rb_exec : internal function. no replacement.
-  rb_exec_arg_addopt : internal function. no replacement.
-  rb_exec_arg_fixup : internal function. no replacement.
-  rb_exec_arg_init : internal function. no replacement.
-  rb_exec_err : internal function. no replacement.
-  rb_fork : internal function. no replacement.
-  rb_fork_err : internal function. no replacement.
-  rb_proc_exec_n : internal function. no replacement.
-  rb_run_exec_options : internal function. no replacement.
-  rb_run_exec_options_err : internal function. no replacement.
-  rb_thread_blocking_region -> rb_thread_call_without_gvl family
-  rb_thread_polling -> rb_thread_wait_for
-  rb_big2str0 : internal function. no replacement.
-  rb_big2ulong_pack -> rb_integer_pack
-  rb_gc_set_params : internal function. no replacement.
-  rb_io_mode_flags -> rb_io_modestr_fmode
-  rb_io_modenum_flags -> rb_io_oflags_fmode
-
-* struct RBignum is hidden.  [Feature #6083]
-  Use rb_integer_pack and rb_integer_unpack instead.
-
-* struct RRational is hidden.  [Feature #9513]
-  Use rb_rational_num and rb_rational_den instead.
-
-* rb_big_new and rb_big_resize takes a size_t instead of long.
-
-* rb_num2long returns a long instead of SIGNED_VALUE.
-
-* rb_num2ulong returns an unsigned long instead of VALUE.
-
-* st hash table uses power-of-two sizes for speed [Feature #9425].
-  Lookups are 10-25% faster if using appropriate hash functions.
-  However, weaknesses in hash distribution can no longer be masked
-  by prime number-sized tables, so extensions may need to tweak
-  hash functions to ensure good distribution.
-
-* rb_sym2str() added. This is almost same as `rb_id2str(SYM2ID(sym))`
-  but not pinning a dynamic symbol.
-
-* rb_str_cat_cstr() added. This is same as `rb_str_cat2()`.
-
-* `rb_str_substr()` and `rb_str_subseq()` will share middle of a string,
-  but not only the end of a string, in the future.  Therefore, result
-  strings may not be NUL-terminated, `StringValueCStr()` is needed
-  calling to obtain a NUL-terminated C string.
-
-* rb_tracepoint_new() supports new internal events accessible only from C:
-  * RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_GC_ENTER
-  * RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_GC_EXIT
-    r47528
-
-* rb_hash_delete() now does not call the block given to the current method.
-
-* rb_extract_keywords() and rb_get_kwargs() exported.  See README.EXT
-  for details.
-
-=== Build system updates
-
-* jemalloc is optionally supported via `./configure --with-jemalloc`
-  jemalloc may be suitable when system malloc is slow or prone
-  to fragmentation.  [Feature #9113]
-
-=== Implementation changes
-
-* GC
-    * Most symbols which are returned by String#to_sym and
-      String#intern are GC-able [Feature #9634]
-    * Introduce incremental marking for major GC. [Feature #10137]
-    * Enable lazy sweep on GC caused by malloc().
-
-* VM
-    * Use frozen string literals for Hash#[] and Hash#[]=
-    * Fast keyword arguments passing [Feature #10440]
-    * Allow to receive huge splatted array by a rest argument
-      [Feature #10440]
-
-* Process
-    * Process creation methods, such as spawn(), uses vfork() system call.
-      vfork() is faster than fork() when the parent process uses huge memory.
diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2dcfacb6e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -0,0 +1,820 @@
+# NEWS for Ruby 3.0.0
+
+This document is a list of user visible feature changes
+since the **2.7.0** release, except for bug fixes.
+
+Note that each entry is kept so brief that no reason behind or reference
+information is supplied with.  For a full list of changes with all
+sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file or Redmine
+(e.g. `https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/$FEATURE_OR_BUG_NUMBER`).
+
+## Language changes
+
+* Keyword arguments are now separated from positional arguments.
+  Code that resulted in deprecation warnings in Ruby 2.7 will now
+  result in ArgumentError or different behavior. [[Feature #14183]]
+
+* Procs accepting a single rest argument and keywords are no longer
+  subject to autosplatting.  This now matches the behavior of Procs
+  accepting a single rest argument and no keywords.
+  [[Feature #16166]]
+
+    ```ruby
+    pr = proc{|*a, **kw| [a, kw]}
+
+    pr.call([1])
+    # 2.7 => [[1], {}]
+    # 3.0 => [[[1]], {}]
+
+    pr.call([1, {a: 1}])
+    # 2.7 => [[1], {:a=>1}] # and deprecation warning
+    # 3.0 => [[[1, {:a=>1}]], {}]
+    ```
+
+* Arguments forwarding (`...`) now supports leading arguments.
+  [[Feature #16378]]
+
+    ```ruby
+    def method_missing(meth, ...)
+      send(:"do_#{meth}", ...)
+    end
+    ```
+
+* Pattern matching (`case/in`) is no longer experimental. [[Feature #17260]]
+
+* One-line pattern matching is redesigned.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
+
+    * `=>` is added. It can be used like a rightward assignment.
+      [[Feature #17260]]
+
+        ```ruby
+        0 => a
+        p a #=> 0
+
+        {b: 0, c: 1} => {b:}
+        p b #=> 0
+        ```
+
+    * `in` is changed to return `true` or `false`. [[Feature #17371]]
+
+        ```ruby
+        # version 3.0
+        0 in 1 #=> false
+
+        # version 2.7
+        0 in 1 #=> raise NoMatchingPatternError
+        ```
+
+* Find-pattern is added.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
+  [[Feature #16828]]
+
+    ```ruby
+    case ["a", 1, "b", "c", 2, "d", "e", "f", 3]
+    in [*pre, String => x, String => y, *post]
+      p pre  #=> ["a", 1]
+      p x    #=> "b"
+      p y    #=> "c"
+      p post #=> [2, "d", "e", "f", 3]
+    end
+    ```
+
+* Endless method definition is added.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
+  [[Feature #16746]]
+
+    ```ruby
+    def square(x) = x * x
+    ```
+
+* Interpolated String literals are no longer frozen when
+  `# frozen-string-literal: true` is used. [[Feature #17104]]
+
+* Magic comment `shareable_constant_value` added to freeze constants.
+  See {Magic Comments}[rdoc-ref:doc/syntax/comments.rdoc@Magic+Comments] for more details.
+  [[Feature #17273]]
+
+* A {static analysis}[rdoc-label:label-Static+analysis] foundation is
+  introduced.
+    * {RBS}[rdoc-label:label-RBS] is introduced. It is a type definition
+      language for Ruby programs.
+    * {TypeProf}[rdoc-label:label-TypeProf] is experimentally bundled. It is a
+      type analysis tool for Ruby programs.
+
+* Deprecation warnings are no longer shown by default (since Ruby 2.7.2).
+  Turn them on with `-W:deprecated` (or with `-w` to show other warnings too).
+  [[Feature #16345]]
+
+* $SAFE and $KCODE are now normal global variables with no special behavior.
+  C-API methods related to $SAFE have been removed.
+  [[Feature #16131]] [[Feature #17136]]
+
+* yield in singleton class definitions in methods is now a SyntaxError
+  instead of a warning. yield in a class definition outside of a method
+  is now a SyntaxError instead of a LocalJumpError.  [[Feature #15575]]
+
+* When a class variable is overtaken by the same definition in an
+  ancestor class/module, a RuntimeError is now raised (previously,
+  it only issued a warning in verbose mode).  Additionally, accessing a
+  class variable from the toplevel scope is now a RuntimeError.
+  [[Bug #14541]]
+
+* Assigning to a numbered parameter is now a SyntaxError instead of
+  a warning.
+
+## Command line options
+
+### `--help` option
+
+When the environment variable `RUBY_PAGER` or `PAGER` is present and has
+a non-empty value, and the standard input and output are tty, the `--help`
+option shows the help message via the pager designated by the value.
+[[Feature #16754]]
+
+### `--backtrace-limit` option
+
+The `--backtrace-limit` option limits the maximum length of a backtrace.
+[[Feature #8661]]
+
+## Core classes updates
+
+Outstanding ones only.
+
+* Array
+
+    * The following methods now return Array instances instead of
+      subclass instances when called on subclass instances:
+      [[Bug #6087]]
+
+        * Array#drop
+        * Array#drop_while
+        * Array#flatten
+        * Array#slice!
+        * Array#slice / Array#[]
+        * Array#take
+        * Array#take_while
+        * Array#uniq
+        * Array#*
+
+    * Can be sliced with Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence
+
+        ```ruby
+        dirty_data = ['--', 'data1', '--', 'data2', '--', 'data3']
+        dirty_data[(1..).step(2)] # take each second element
+        # => ["data1", "data2", "data3"]
+        ```
+
+* Binding
+
+    * Binding#eval when called with one argument will use "(eval)"
+      for `__FILE__` and 1 for `__LINE__` in the evaluated code.
+      [[Bug #4352]] [[Bug #17419]]
+
+* ConditionVariable
+
+    * ConditionVariable#wait may now invoke the `block`/`unblock` scheduler
+      hooks in a non-blocking context. [[Feature #16786]]
+
+* Dir
+
+    * Dir.glob and Dir.[] now sort the results by default, and
+      accept the `sort:` keyword option.  [[Feature #8709]]
+
+* ENV
+
+    * ENV.except has been added, which returns a hash excluding the
+      given keys and their values.  [[Feature #15822]]
+
+    * Windows: Read ENV names and values as UTF-8 encoded Strings
+      [[Feature #12650]]
+
+* Encoding
+
+    * Added new encoding IBM720.  [[Feature #16233]]
+
+    * Changed default for Encoding.default_external to UTF-8 on Windows
+      [[Feature #16604]]
+
+* Fiber
+
+    * Fiber.new(blocking: true/false) allows you to create non-blocking
+      execution contexts. [[Feature #16786]]
+
+    * Fiber#blocking? tells whether the fiber is non-blocking. [[Feature #16786]]
+
+    * Fiber#backtrace and Fiber#backtrace_locations provide per-fiber backtrace.
+      [[Feature #16815]]
+
+    * The limitation of Fiber#transfer is relaxed. [[Bug #17221]]
+
+* GC
+
+    * GC.auto_compact= and GC.auto_compact have been added to control
+      when compaction runs.  Setting `auto_compact=` to true will cause
+      compaction to occur during major collections.  At the moment,
+      compaction adds significant overhead to major collections, so please
+      test first!  [[Feature #17176]]
+
+* Hash
+
+    * Hash#transform_keys and Hash#transform_keys! now accept a hash that maps
+      keys to new keys.  [[Feature #16274]]
+
+    * Hash#except has been added, which returns a hash excluding the
+      given keys and their values.  [[Feature #15822]]
+
+* IO
+
+    * IO#nonblock? now defaults to `true`. [[Feature #16786]]
+
+    * IO#wait_readable, IO#wait_writable, IO#read, IO#write and other
+      related methods (e.g. IO#puts, IO#gets) may invoke the scheduler hook
+      `#io_wait(io, events, timeout)` in a non-blocking execution context.
+      [[Feature #16786]]
+
+* Kernel
+
+    * Kernel#clone when called with the `freeze: false` keyword will call
+      `#initialize_clone` with the `freeze: false` keyword.
+      [[Bug #14266]]
+
+    * Kernel#clone when called with the `freeze: true` keyword will call
+      `#initialize_clone` with the `freeze: true` keyword, and will
+      return a frozen copy even if the receiver is unfrozen.
+      [[Feature #16175]]
+
+    * Kernel#eval when called with two arguments will use "(eval)"
+      for `__FILE__` and 1 for `__LINE__` in the evaluated code.
+      [[Bug #4352]]
+
+    * Kernel#lambda now warns if called without a literal block.
+      [[Feature #15973]]
+
+    * Kernel.sleep invokes the scheduler hook `#kernel_sleep(...)` in a
+      non-blocking execution context. [[Feature #16786]]
+
+* Module
+
+    * Module#include and Module#prepend now affect classes and modules
+      that have already included or prepended the receiver, mirroring the
+      behavior if the arguments were included in the receiver before
+      the other modules and classes included or prepended the receiver.
+      [[Feature #9573]]
+
+        ```ruby
+        class C; end
+        module M1; end
+        module M2; end
+        C.include M1
+        M1.include M2
+        p C.ancestors #=> [C, M1, M2, Object, Kernel, BasicObject]
+        ```
+
+    * Module#public, Module#protected, Module#private, Module#public_class_method,
+      Module#private_class_method, toplevel "private" and "public" methods
+      now accept single array argument with a list of method names. [[Feature #17314]]
+
+    * Module#attr_accessor, Module#attr_reader, Module#attr_writer and Module#attr
+      methods now return an array of defined method names as symbols.
+      [[Feature #17314]]
+
+    * Module#alias_method now returns the defined alias as a symbol.
+      [[Feature #17314]]
+
+* Mutex
+
+    * `Mutex` is now acquired per-`Fiber` instead of per-`Thread`. This change
+      should be compatible for essentially all usages and avoids blocking when
+      using a scheduler. [[Feature #16792]]
+
+* Proc
+
+    * Proc#== and Proc#eql? are now defined and will return true for
+      separate Proc instances if the procs were created from the same block.
+      [[Feature #14267]]
+
+* Queue / SizedQueue
+
+    * Queue#pop, SizedQueue#push and related methods may now invoke the
+      `block`/`unblock` scheduler hooks in a non-blocking context.
+      [[Feature #16786]]
+
+* Ractor
+
+    * New class added to enable parallel execution. See rdoc-ref:ractor.md for
+      more details.
+
+* Random
+
+    * `Random::DEFAULT` now refers to the `Random` class instead of being a `Random` instance,
+      so it can work with `Ractor`.
+      [[Feature #17322]]
+
+    * `Random::DEFAULT` is deprecated since its value is now confusing and it is no longer global,
+      use `Kernel.rand`/`Random.rand` directly, or create a `Random` instance with `Random.new` instead.
+      [[Feature #17351]]
+
+
+* String
+
+    * The following methods now return or yield String instances
+      instead of subclass instances when called on subclass instances:
+      [[Bug #10845]]
+
+        * String#*
+        * String#capitalize
+        * String#center
+        * String#chomp
+        * String#chop
+        * String#delete
+        * String#delete_prefix
+        * String#delete_suffix
+        * String#downcase
+        * String#dump
+        * String#each_char
+        * String#each_grapheme_cluster
+        * String#each_line
+        * String#gsub
+        * String#ljust
+        * String#lstrip
+        * String#partition
+        * String#reverse
+        * String#rjust
+        * String#rpartition
+        * String#rstrip
+        * String#scrub
+        * String#slice!
+        * String#slice / String#[]
+        * String#split
+        * String#squeeze
+        * String#strip
+        * String#sub
+        * String#succ / String#next
+        * String#swapcase
+        * String#tr
+        * String#tr_s
+        * String#upcase
+
+* Symbol
+
+    * Symbol#to_proc now returns a lambda Proc.  [[Feature #16260]]
+
+    * Symbol#name has been added, which returns the name of the symbol
+      if it is named.  The returned string is frozen.  [[Feature #16150]]
+
+* Fiber
+
+    * Introduce Fiber.set_scheduler for intercepting blocking operations and
+      Fiber.scheduler for accessing the current scheduler. See
+      rdoc-ref:fiber.md for more details about what operations are supported and
+      how to implement the scheduler hooks. [[Feature #16786]]
+
+    * Fiber.blocking? tells whether the current execution context is
+      blocking. [[Feature #16786]]
+
+    * Thread#join invokes the scheduler hooks `block`/`unblock` in a
+      non-blocking execution context. [[Feature #16786]]
+
+* Thread
+
+    * Thread.ignore_deadlock accessor has been added for disabling the
+      default deadlock detection, allowing the use of signal handlers to
+      break deadlock. [[Bug #13768]]
+
+* Warning
+
+    * Warning#warn now supports a category keyword argument.
+      [[Feature #17122]]
+
+## Stdlib updates
+
+Outstanding ones only.
+
+* BigDecimal
+
+    * Update to BigDecimal 3.0.0
+
+    * This version is Ractor compatible.
+
+* Bundler
+
+    * Update to Bundler 2.2.3
+
+* CGI
+
+    * Update to 0.2.0
+
+    * This version is Ractor compatible.
+
+* CSV
+
+    * Update to CSV 3.1.9
+
+* Date
+
+    * Update to Date 3.1.1
+
+    * This version is Ractor compatible.
+
+* Digest
+
+    * Update to Digest 3.0.0
+
+    * This version is Ractor compatible.
+
+* Etc
+
+    * Update to Etc 1.2.0
+
+    * This version is Ractor compatible.
+
+* Fiddle
+
+    * Update to Fiddle 1.0.5
+
+* IRB
+
+    * Update to IRB 1.2.6
+
+* JSON
+
+    * Update to JSON 2.5.0
+
+    * This version is Ractor compatible.
+
+* Set
+
+    * Update to set 1.0.0
+
+    * SortedSet has been removed for dependency and performance reasons.
+
+    * Set#join is added as a shorthand for `.to_a.join`.
+
+    * Set#<=> is added.
+
+* Socket
+
+    * Add :connect_timeout to TCPSocket.new [[Feature #17187]]
+
+* Net::HTTP
+
+    * Net::HTTP#verify_hostname= and Net::HTTP#verify_hostname have been
+      added to skip hostname verification.  [[Feature #16555]]
+
+    * Net::HTTP.get, Net::HTTP.get_response, and Net::HTTP.get_print
+      can take the request headers as a Hash in the second argument when the
+      first argument is a URI.  [[Feature #16686]]
+
+* Net::SMTP
+
+    * Add SNI support.
+
+    * Net::SMTP.start arguments are keyword arguments.
+
+    * TLS should not check the host name by default.
+
+* OpenStruct
+
+    * Initialization is no longer lazy. [[Bug #12136]]
+
+    * Builtin methods can now be overridden safely. [[Bug #15409]]
+
+    * Implementation uses only methods ending with `!`.
+
+    * Ractor compatible.
+
+    * Improved support for YAML. [[Bug #8382]]
+
+    * Use officially discouraged. Read OpenStruct@Caveats section.
+
+* Pathname
+
+    * Ractor compatible.
+
+* Psych
+
+    * Update to Psych 3.3.0
+
+    * This version is Ractor compatible.
+
+* Reline
+
+    * Update to Reline 0.1.5
+
+* RubyGems
+
+    * Update to RubyGems 3.2.3
+
+* StringIO
+
+    * Update to StringIO 3.0.0
+
+    * This version is Ractor compatible.
+
+* StringScanner
+
+    * Update to StringScanner 3.0.0
+
+    * This version is Ractor compatible.
+
+## Compatibility issues
+
+Excluding feature bug fixes.
+
+* Regexp literals and all Range objects are frozen. [[Feature #8948]] [[Feature #16377]] [[Feature #15504]]
+
+    ```ruby
+    /foo/.frozen? #=> true
+    (42...).frozen? # => true
+    ```
+
+* EXPERIMENTAL: Hash#each consistently yields a 2-element array. [[Bug #12706]]
+
+    * Now `{ a: 1 }.each(&->(k, v) { })` raises an ArgumentError
+      due to lambda's arity check.
+
+* When writing to STDOUT redirected to a closed pipe, no broken pipe
+  error message will be shown now.  [[Feature #14413]]
+
+* `TRUE`/`FALSE`/`NIL` constants are no longer defined.
+
+* Integer#zero? overrides Numeric#zero? for optimization.  [[Misc #16961]]
+
+* Enumerable#grep and Enumerable#grep_v when passed a Regexp and no block no longer modify
+  Regexp.last_match. [[Bug #17030]]
+
+* Requiring 'open-uri' no longer redefines `Kernel#open`.
+  Call `URI.open` directly or `use URI#open` instead. [[Misc #15893]]
+
+* SortedSet has been removed for dependency and performance reasons.
+
+## Stdlib compatibility issues
+
+* Default gems
+
+    * The following libraries are promoted to default gems from stdlib.
+
+        * English
+        * abbrev
+        * base64
+        * drb
+        * debug
+        * erb
+        * find
+        * net-ftp
+        * net-http
+        * net-imap
+        * net-protocol
+        * open-uri
+        * optparse
+        * pp
+        * prettyprint
+        * resolv-replace
+        * resolv
+        * rinda
+        * set
+        * securerandom
+        * shellwords
+        * tempfile
+        * tmpdir
+        * time
+        * tsort
+        * un
+        * weakref
+
+    * The following extensions are promoted to default gems from stdlib.
+
+        * digest
+        * io-nonblock
+        * io-wait
+        * nkf
+        * pathname
+        * syslog
+        * win32ole
+
+* Bundled gems
+
+    * net-telnet and xmlrpc have been removed from the bundled gems.
+      If you are interested in maintaining them, please comment on
+      your plan to https://github.com/ruby/xmlrpc
+      or https://github.com/ruby/net-telnet.
+
+* SDBM has been removed from the Ruby standard library. [[Bug #8446]]
+
+    * The issues of sdbm will be handled at https://github.com/ruby/sdbm
+
+* WEBrick has been removed from the Ruby standard library. [[Feature #17303]]
+
+    * The issues of WEBrick will be handled at https://github.com/ruby/webrick
+
+## C API updates
+
+* C API functions related to $SAFE have been removed.
+  [[Feature #16131]]
+
+* C API header file `ruby/ruby.h` was split. [[GH-2991]]
+
+    This should have no impact on extension libraries,
+    but users might experience slow compilations.
+
+* Memory view interface [EXPERIMENTAL]
+
+    * The memory view interface is a C-API set to exchange a raw memory area,
+      such as a numeric array or a bitmap image, between extension libraries.
+      The extension libraries can share also the metadata of the memory area
+      that consists of the shape, the element format, and so on.
+      Using these kinds of metadata, the extension libraries can share even
+      a multidimensional array appropriately.
+      This feature is designed by referring to Python's buffer protocol.
+      [[Feature #13767]] [[Feature #14722]]
+
+* Ractor related C APIs are introduced (experimental) in "include/ruby/ractor.h".
+
+## Implementation improvements
+
+* New method cache mechanism for Ractor. [[Feature #16614]]
+
+    * Inline method caches pointed from ISeq can be accessed by multiple Ractors
+      in parallel and synchronization is needed even for method caches. However,
+      such synchronization can be overhead so introducing new inline method cache
+      mechanisms, (1) Disposable inline method cache (2) per-Class method cache
+      and (3) new invalidation mechanism. (1) can avoid per-method call
+      synchronization because it only uses atomic operations.
+      See the ticket for more details.
+
+* The number of hashes allocated when using a keyword splat in
+  a method call has been reduced to a maximum of 1, and passing
+  a keyword splat to a method that accepts specific keywords
+  does not allocate a hash.
+
+* `super` is optimized when the same type of method is called in the previous call
+  if it's not refinements or an attr reader or writer.
+
+### JIT
+
+* Performance improvements of JIT-ed code
+
+    * Microarchitectural optimizations
+
+        * Native functions shared by multiple methods are deduplicated on JIT compaction.
+
+        * Decrease code size of hot paths by some optimizations and partitioning cold paths.
+
+    * Instance variables
+
+        * Eliminate some redundant checks.
+
+        * Skip checking a class and a object multiple times in a method when possible.
+
+        * Optimize accesses in some core classes like Hash and their subclasses.
+
+    * Method inlining support for some C methods
+
+        * `Kernel`: `#class`, `#frozen?`
+
+        * `Integer`: `#-@`, `#~`, `#abs`, `#bit_length`, `#even?`, `#integer?`, `#magnitude`,
+          `#odd?`, `#ord`, `#to_i`, `#to_int`, `#zero?`
+
+        * `Struct`: reader methods for 10th or later members
+
+    * Constant references are inlined.
+
+    * Always generate appropriate code for `==`, `nil?`, and `!` calls depending on
+      a receiver class.
+
+    * Reduce the number of PC accesses on branches and method returns.
+
+    * Optimize C method calls a little.
+
+* Compilation process improvements
+
+    * It does not keep temporary files in /tmp anymore.
+
+    * Throttle GC and compaction of JIT-ed code.
+
+    * Avoid GC-ing JIT-ed code when not necessary.
+
+    * GC-ing JIT-ed code is executed in a background thread.
+
+    * Reduce the number of locks between Ruby and JIT threads.
+
+## Static analysis
+
+### RBS
+
+* RBS is a new language for type definition of Ruby programs.
+  It allows writing types of classes and modules with advanced
+  types including union types, overloading, generics, and
+  _interface types_ for duck typing.
+
+* Ruby ships with type definitions for core/stdlib classes.
+
+* `rbs` gem is bundled to load and process RBS files.
+
+### TypeProf
+
+* TypeProf is a type analysis tool for Ruby code based on abstract interpretation.
+
+    * It reads non-annotated Ruby code, tries inferring its type signature, and prints
+      the analysis result in RBS format.
+
+    * Though it supports only a subset of the Ruby language yet, we will continuously
+      improve the coverage of language features, analysis performance, and usability.
+
+```ruby
+# test.rb
+def foo(x)
+  if x > 10
+    x.to_s
+  else
+    nil
+  end
+end
+
+foo(42)
+```
+
+```
+$ typeprof test.rb
+# Classes
+class Object
+  def foo : (Integer) -> String?
+end
+```
+
+## Miscellaneous changes
+
+* Methods using `ruby2_keywords` will no longer keep empty keyword
+  splats, those are now removed just as they are for methods not
+  using `ruby2_keywords`.
+
+* When an exception is caught in the default handler, the error
+  message and backtrace are printed in order from the innermost.
+  [[Feature #8661]]
+
+* Accessing an uninitialized instance variable no longer emits a
+  warning in verbose mode. [[Feature #17055]]
+
+[Bug #4352]:      https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/4352
+[Bug #6087]:      https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/6087
+[Bug #8382]:      https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8382
+[Bug #8446]:      https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8446
+[Feature #8661]:  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8661
+[Feature #8709]:  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8709
+[Feature #8948]:  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8948
+[Feature #9573]:  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/9573
+[Bug #10845]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/10845
+[Bug #12136]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12136
+[Feature #12650]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12650
+[Bug #12706]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12706
+[Feature #13767]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/13767
+[Bug #13768]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/13768
+[Feature #14183]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14183
+[Bug #14266]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14266
+[Feature #14267]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14267
+[Feature #14413]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14413
+[Bug #14541]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14541
+[Feature #14722]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14722
+[Bug #15409]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15409
+[Feature #15504]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15504
+[Feature #15575]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15575
+[Feature #15822]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15822
+[Misc #15893]:    https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15893
+[Feature #15921]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15921
+[Feature #15973]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15973
+[Feature #16131]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16131
+[Feature #16150]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16150
+[Feature #16166]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16166
+[Feature #16175]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16175
+[Feature #16233]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16233
+[Feature #16260]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16260
+[Feature #16274]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16274
+[Feature #16345]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16345
+[Feature #16377]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16377
+[Feature #16378]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16378
+[Feature #16555]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16555
+[Feature #16604]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16604
+[Feature #16614]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16614
+[Feature #16686]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16686
+[Feature #16746]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16746
+[Feature #16754]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16754
+[Feature #16786]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16786
+[Feature #16792]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16792
+[Feature #16815]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16815
+[Feature #16828]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16828
+[Misc #16961]:    https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16961
+[Bug #17030]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17030
+[Feature #17055]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17055
+[Feature #17104]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17104
+[Feature #17122]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17122
+[Feature #17136]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17136
+[Feature #17176]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17176
+[Feature #17187]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17187
+[Bug #17221]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17221
+[Feature #17260]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17260
+[Feature #17273]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17273
+[Feature #17303]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17303
+[Feature #17314]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17314
+[Feature #17322]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17322
+[Feature #17351]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17351
+[Feature #17371]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17371
+[Bug #17419]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17419
+[GH-2991]:        https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/2991
diff --git a/README.EXT b/README.EXT
index 29cfbc27e9..48b8d964c4 100644
--- a/README.EXT
+++ b/README.EXT
@@ -1,1730 +1 @@
-# README.EXT -  -*- RDoc -*- created at: Mon Aug  7 16:45:54 JST 1995
-
-This document explains how to make extension libraries for Ruby.
-
-= Basic Knowledge
-
-In C, variables have types and data do not have types.  In contrast,
-Ruby variables do not have a static type, and data themselves have
-types, so data will need to be converted between the languages.
-
-Data in Ruby are represented by the C type `VALUE'.  Each VALUE data
-has its data type.
-
-To retrieve C data from a VALUE, you need to:
-
-1. Identify the VALUE's data type
-2. Convert the VALUE into C data
-
-Converting to the wrong data type may cause serious problems.
-
-== Data Types
-
-The Ruby interpreter has the following data types:
-
-T_NIL       :: nil
-T_OBJECT    :: ordinary object
-T_CLASS     :: class
-T_MODULE    :: module
-T_FLOAT     :: floating point number
-T_STRING    :: string
-T_REGEXP    :: regular expression
-T_ARRAY     :: array
-T_HASH      :: associative array
-T_STRUCT    :: (Ruby) structure
-T_BIGNUM    :: multi precision integer
-T_FIXNUM    :: Fixnum(31bit or 63bit integer)
-T_COMPLEX   :: complex number
-T_RATIONAL  :: rational number
-T_FILE      :: IO
-T_TRUE      :: true
-T_FALSE     :: false
-T_DATA      :: data
-T_SYMBOL    :: symbol
-
-In addition, there are several other types used internally:
-
-T_ICLASS    :: included module
-T_MATCH     :: MatchData object
-T_UNDEF     :: undefined
-T_NODE      :: syntax tree node
-T_ZOMBIE    :: object awaiting finalization
-
-Most of the types are represented by C structures.
-
-== Check Data Type of the VALUE
-
-The macro TYPE() defined in ruby.h shows the data type of the VALUE.
-TYPE() returns the constant number T_XXXX described above.  To handle
-data types, your code will look something like this:
-
-  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
-    case T_FIXNUM:
-      /* process Fixnum */
-      break;
-    case T_STRING:
-      /* process String */
-      break;
-    case T_ARRAY:
-      /* process Array */
-      break;
-    default:
-      /* raise exception */
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "not valid value");
-      break;
-  }
-
-There is the data type check function
-
-  void Check_Type(VALUE value, int type)
-
-which raises an exception if the VALUE does not have the type
-specified.
-
-There are also faster check macros for fixnums and nil.
-
-  FIXNUM_P(obj)
-  NIL_P(obj)
-
-== Convert VALUE into C Data
-
-The data for type T_NIL, T_FALSE, T_TRUE are nil, false, true
-respectively.  They are singletons for the data type.
-The equivalent C constants are: Qnil, Qfalse, Qtrue.
-Note that Qfalse is false in C also (i.e. 0), but not Qnil.
-
-The T_FIXNUM data is a 31bit or 63bit length fixed integer.
-This size depends on the size of long: if long is 32bit then
-T_FIXNUM is 31bit, if long is 64bit then T_FIXNUM is 63bit.
-T_FIXNUM can be converted to a C integer by using the
-FIX2INT() macro or FIX2LONG().  Though you have to check that the
-data is really FIXNUM before using them, they are faster.  FIX2LONG()
-never raises exceptions, but FIX2INT() raises RangeError if the
-result is bigger or smaller than the size of int.
-There are also NUM2INT() and NUM2LONG() which converts any Ruby
-numbers into C integers.  These macros include a type check,
-so an exception will be raised if the conversion failed.  NUM2DBL()
-can be used to retrieve the double float value in the same way.
-
-You can use the macros
-StringValue() and StringValuePtr() to get a char* from a VALUE.
-StringValue(var) replaces var's value with the result of "var.to_str()".
-StringValuePtr(var) does the same replacement and returns char*
-representation of var.  These macros will skip the replacement if var
-is a String.  Notice that the macros take only the lvalue as their
-argument, to change the value of var in place.
-
-You can also use the macro named StringValueCStr(). This is just
-like StringValuePtr(), but always add NUL character at the end of
-the result. If the result contains NUL character, this macro causes
-the ArgumentError exception.
-StringValuePtr() doesn't guarantee the existence of a NUL at the end
-of the result, and the result may contain NUL.
-
-Other data types have corresponding C structures, e.g. struct RArray
-for T_ARRAY etc. The VALUE of the type which has the corresponding
-structure can be cast to retrieve the pointer to the struct.  The
-casting macro will be of the form RXXXX for each data type; for
-instance, RARRAY(obj).  See "ruby.h".  However, we do not recommend
-to access RXXXX data directly because these data structures are complex.
-Use corresponding rb_xxx() functions to access the internal struct.
-For example, to access an entry of array, use rb_ary_entry(ary, offset)
-and rb_ary_store(ary, offset, obj).
-
-There are some accessing macros for structure members, for example
-`RSTRING_LEN(str)' to get the size of the Ruby String object.  The
-allocated region can be accessed by `RSTRING_PTR(str)'.
-
-Notice: Do not change the value of the structure directly, unless you
-are responsible for the result.  This ends up being the cause of
-interesting bugs.
-
-== Convert C Data into VALUE
-
-To convert C data to Ruby values:
-
-FIXNUM ::
-
-  left shift 1 bit, and turn on its least significant bit (LSB).
-
-Other pointer values::
-
-  cast to VALUE.
-
-You can determine whether a VALUE is a pointer or not by checking its LSB.
-
-Notice: Ruby does not allow arbitrary pointer values to be a VALUE.  They
-should be pointers to the structures which Ruby knows about.  The known
-structures are defined in <ruby.h>.
-
-To convert C numbers to Ruby values, use these macros:
-
-INT2FIX() :: for integers within 31bits.
-INT2NUM() :: for arbitrary sized integers.
-
-INT2NUM() converts an integer into a Bignum if it is out of the FIXNUM
-range, but is a bit slower.
-
-== Manipulating Ruby Data
-
-As I already mentioned, it is not recommended to modify an object's
-internal structure.  To manipulate objects, use the functions supplied
-by the Ruby interpreter. Some (not all) of the useful functions are
-listed below:
-
-=== String Functions
-
-rb_str_new(const char *ptr, long len) ::
-
-  Creates a new Ruby string.
-
-rb_str_new2(const char *ptr) ::
-rb_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr) ::
-
-  Creates a new Ruby string from a C string.  This is equivalent to
-  rb_str_new(ptr, strlen(ptr)).
-
-rb_str_new_literal(const char *ptr) ::
-
-  Creates a new Ruby string from a C string literal.
-
-rb_tainted_str_new(const char *ptr, long len) ::
-
-  Creates a new tainted Ruby string.  Strings from external data
-  sources should be tainted.
-
-rb_tainted_str_new2(const char *ptr) ::
-rb_tainted_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr) ::
-
-  Creates a new tainted Ruby string from a C string.
-
-rb_sprintf(const char *format, ...) ::
-rb_vsprintf(const char *format, va_list ap) ::
-
-  Creates a new Ruby string with printf(3) format.
-
-  Note: In the format string, "%"PRIsVALUE can be used for Object#to_s
-  (or Object#inspect if '+' flag is set) output (and related argument
-  must be a VALUE).  Since it conflicts with "%i", for integers in
-  format strings, use "%d".
-
-rb_str_cat(VALUE str, const char *ptr, long len) ::
-
-  Appends len bytes of data from ptr to the Ruby string.
-
-rb_str_cat2(VALUE str, const char* ptr) ::
-rb_str_cat_cstr(VALUE str, const char* ptr) ::
-
-  Appends C string ptr to Ruby string str.  This function is
-  equivalent to rb_str_cat(str, ptr, strlen(ptr)).
-
-rb_str_catf(VALUE str, const char* format, ...) ::
-rb_str_vcatf(VALUE str, const char* format, va_list ap) ::
-
-  Appends C string format and successive arguments to Ruby string
-  str according to a printf-like format.  These functions are
-  equivalent to rb_str_cat2(str, rb_sprintf(format, ...)) and
-  rb_str_cat2(str, rb_vsprintf(format, ap)), respectively.
-
-rb_enc_str_new(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc) ::
-rb_enc_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr, rb_encoding *enc) ::
-
-  Creates a new Ruby string with the specified encoding.
-
-rb_enc_str_new_literal(const char *ptr) ::
-
-  Creates a new Ruby string from a C string literal with the specified
-  encoding.
-
-rb_usascii_str_new(const char *ptr, long len) ::
-rb_usascii_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr) ::
-
-  Creates a new Ruby string with encoding US-ASCII.
-
-rb_usascii_str_new_literal(const char *ptr) ::
-
-  Creates a new Ruby string from a C string literal with encoding
-  US-ASCII.
-
-rb_utf8_str_new(const char *ptr, long len) ::
-rb_utf8_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr) ::
-
-  Creates a new Ruby string with encoding UTF-8.
-
-rb_utf8_str_new_literal(const char *ptr) ::
-
-  Creates a new Ruby string from a C string literal with encoding
-  UTF-8.
-
-rb_str_resize(VALUE str, long len) ::
-
-  Resizes a Ruby string to len bytes.  If str is not modifiable, this
-  function raises an exception.  The length of str must be set in
-  advance.  If len is less than the old length the content beyond
-  len bytes is discarded, else if len is greater than the old length
-  the content beyond the old length bytes will not be preserved but
-  will be garbage.  Note that RSTRING_PTR(str) may change by calling
-  this function.
-
-rb_str_set_len(VALUE str, long len) ::
-
-  Sets the length of a Ruby string.  If str is not modifiable, this
-  function raises an exception.  This function preserves the content
-  up to len bytes, regardless RSTRING_LEN(str).  len must not exceed
-  the capacity of str.
-
-=== Array Functions
-
-rb_ary_new() ::
-
-  Creates an array with no elements.
-
-rb_ary_new2(long len) ::
-rb_ary_new_capa(long len) ::
-
-  Creates an array with no elements, allocating internal buffer
-  for len elements.
-
-rb_ary_new3(long n, ...) ::
-rb_ary_new_from_args(long n, ...) ::
-
-  Creates an n-element array from the arguments.
-
-rb_ary_new4(long n, VALUE *elts) ::
-rb_ary_new_from_values(long n, VALUE *elts) ::
-
-  Creates an n-element array from a C array.
-
-rb_ary_to_ary(VALUE obj) ::
-
-  Converts the object into an array.
-  Equivalent to Object#to_ary.
-
-There are many functions to operate an array.  They may dump core if other
-types are given.
-
-rb_ary_aref(argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary) ::
-
-  Equivalent to Array#[].
-
-rb_ary_entry(VALUE ary, long offset) ::
-
-  ary[offset]
-
-rb_ary_store(VALUE ary, long offset, VALUE obj) ::
-
-  ary[offset] = obj
-
-rb_ary_subseq(VALUE ary, long beg, long len) ::
-
-  ary[beg, len]
-
-rb_ary_push(VALUE ary, VALUE val) ::
-rb_ary_pop(VALUE ary) ::
-rb_ary_shift(VALUE ary) ::
-rb_ary_unshift(VALUE ary, VALUE val) ::
-
-rb_ary_cat(VALUE ary, const VALUE *ptr, long len) ::
-
-  Appends len elements of objects from ptr to the array.
-
-= Extending Ruby with C
-
-== Adding New Features to Ruby
-
-You can add new features (classes, methods, etc.) to the Ruby
-interpreter.  Ruby provides APIs for defining the following things:
-
-* Classes, Modules
-* Methods, Singleton Methods
-* Constants
-
-=== Class and Module Definition
-
-To define a class or module, use the functions below:
-
-  VALUE rb_define_class(const char *name, VALUE super)
-  VALUE rb_define_module(const char *name)
-
-These functions return the newly created class or module.  You may
-want to save this reference into a variable to use later.
-
-To define nested classes or modules, use the functions below:
-
-  VALUE rb_define_class_under(VALUE outer, const char *name, VALUE super)
-  VALUE rb_define_module_under(VALUE outer, const char *name)
-
-=== Method and Singleton Method Definition
-
-To define methods or singleton methods, use these functions:
-
-  void rb_define_method(VALUE klass, const char *name,
-		        VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-  void rb_define_singleton_method(VALUE object, const char *name,
-			          VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-The `argc' represents the number of the arguments to the C function,
-which must be less than 17.  But I doubt you'll need that many.
-
-If `argc' is negative, it specifies the calling sequence, not number of
-the arguments.
-
-If argc is -1, the function will be called as:
-
-  VALUE func(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
-
-where argc is the actual number of arguments, argv is the C array of
-the arguments, and obj is the receiver.
-
-If argc is -2, the arguments are passed in a Ruby array. The function
-will be called like:
-
-  VALUE func(VALUE obj, VALUE args)
-
-where obj is the receiver, and args is the Ruby array containing
-actual arguments.
-
-There are some more functions to define methods. One takes an ID
-as the name of method to be defined. See also ID or Symbol below.
-
-  void rb_define_method_id(VALUE klass, ID name,
-                           VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS), int argc)
-
-There are two functions to define private/protected methods:
-
-  void rb_define_private_method(VALUE klass, const char *name,
-			        VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-  void rb_define_protected_method(VALUE klass, const char *name,
-			          VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-At last, rb_define_module_function defines a module function,
-which are private AND singleton methods of the module.
-For example, sqrt is a module function defined in the Math module.
-It can be called in the following way:
-
-  Math.sqrt(4)
-
-or
-
-  include Math
-  sqrt(4)
-
-To define module functions, use:
-
-  void rb_define_module_function(VALUE module, const char *name,
-				 VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-In addition, function-like methods, which are private methods defined
-in the Kernel module, can be defined using:
-
-  void rb_define_global_function(const char *name, VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-To define an alias for the method,
-
-  void rb_define_alias(VALUE module, const char* new, const char* old);
-
-To define a reader/writer for an attribute,
-
-  void rb_define_attr(VALUE klass, const char *name, int read, int write)
-
-To define and undefine the `allocate' class method,
-
-  void rb_define_alloc_func(VALUE klass, VALUE (*func)(VALUE klass));
-  void rb_undef_alloc_func(VALUE klass);
-
-func has to take the klass as the argument and return a newly
-allocated instance.  This instance should be as empty as possible,
-without any expensive (including external) resources.
-
-If you are overriding an existing method of any ancestor of your class,
-you may rely on:
-
-  VALUE rb_call_super(int argc, const VALUE *argv)
-
-To achieve the receiver of the current scope (if no other way is
-available), you can use:
-
-  VALUE rb_current_receiver(void)
-
-=== Constant Definition
-
-We have 2 functions to define constants:
-
-  void rb_define_const(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE val)
-  void rb_define_global_const(const char *name, VALUE val)
-
-The former is to define a constant under specified class/module.  The
-latter is to define a global constant.
-
-== Use Ruby Features from C
-
-There are several ways to invoke Ruby's features from C code.
-
-=== Evaluate Ruby Programs in a String
-
-The easiest way to use Ruby's functionality from a C program is to
-evaluate the string as Ruby program.  This function will do the job:
-
-  VALUE rb_eval_string(const char *str)
-
-Evaluation is done under the current context, thus current local variables
-of the innermost method (which is defined by Ruby) can be accessed.
-
-Note that the evaluation can raise an exception. There is a safer
-function:
-
-  VALUE rb_eval_string_protect(const char *str, int *state)
-
-It returns nil when an error occurred. Moreover, *state is zero if str was
-successfully evaluated, or nonzero otherwise.
-
-=== ID or Symbol
-
-You can invoke methods directly, without parsing the string.  First I
-need to explain about ID.  ID is the integer number to represent
-Ruby's identifiers such as variable names.  The Ruby data type
-corresponding to ID is Symbol.  It can be accessed from Ruby in the
-form:
-
-  :Identifier
-
-or
-
-  :"any kind of string"
-
-You can get the ID value from a string within C code by using
-
-  rb_intern(const char *name)
-  rb_intern_str(VALUE name)
-
-You can retrieve ID from Ruby object (Symbol or String) given as an
-argument by using
-
-  rb_to_id(VALUE symbol)
-  rb_check_id(volatile VALUE *name)
-  rb_check_id_cstr(const char *name, long len, rb_encoding *enc)
-
-These functions try to convert the argument to a String if it was not
-a Symbol nor a String.  The second function stores the converted
-result into *name, and returns 0 if the string is not a known symbol.
-After this function returned a non-zero value, *name is always a
-Symbol or a String, otherwise it is a String if the result is 0.
-The third function takes NUL-terminated C string, not Ruby VALUE.
-
-You can retrieve Symbol from Ruby object (Symbol or String) given as
-an argument by using
-
-  rb_to_symbol(VALUE name)
-  rb_check_symbol(volatile VALUE *namep)
-  rb_check_symbol_cstr(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc)
-
-These functions are similar to above functions except that these
-return a Symbol instead of an ID.
-
-You can convert C ID to Ruby Symbol by using
-
-  VALUE ID2SYM(ID id)
-
-and to convert Ruby Symbol object to ID, use
-
-  ID SYM2ID(VALUE symbol)
-
-=== Invoke Ruby Method from C
-
-To invoke methods directly, you can use the function below
-
-  VALUE rb_funcall(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, ...)
-
-This function invokes a method on the recv, with the method name
-specified by the symbol mid.
-
-=== Accessing the Variables and Constants
-
-You can access class variables and instance variables using access
-functions.  Also, global variables can be shared between both
-environments.  There's no way to access Ruby's local variables.
-
-The functions to access/modify instance variables are below:
-
-  VALUE rb_ivar_get(VALUE obj, ID id)
-  VALUE rb_ivar_set(VALUE obj, ID id, VALUE val)
-
-id must be the symbol, which can be retrieved by rb_intern().
-
-To access the constants of the class/module:
-
-  VALUE rb_const_get(VALUE obj, ID id)
-
-See also Constant Definition above.
-
-= Information Sharing Between Ruby and C
-
-=== Ruby Constants That Can Be Accessed From C
-
-As stated in section 1.3,
-the following Ruby constants can be referred from C.
-
-  Qtrue
-  Qfalse
-
-Boolean values.  Qfalse is false in C also (i.e. 0).
-
-  Qnil
-
-Ruby nil in C scope.
-
-== Global Variables Shared Between C and Ruby
-
-Information can be shared between the two environments using shared global
-variables.  To define them, you can use functions listed below:
-
-  void rb_define_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var)
-
-This function defines the variable which is shared by both environments.
-The value of the global variable pointed to by `var' can be accessed
-through Ruby's global variable named `name'.
-
-You can define read-only (from Ruby, of course) variables using the
-function below.
-
-  void rb_define_readonly_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var)
-
-You can defined hooked variables.  The accessor functions (getter and
-setter) are called on access to the hooked variables.
-
-  void rb_define_hooked_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var,
-				 VALUE (*getter)(), void (*setter)())
-
-If you need to supply either setter or getter, just supply 0 for the
-hook you don't need.  If both hooks are 0, rb_define_hooked_variable()
-works just like rb_define_variable().
-
-The prototypes of the getter and setter functions are as follows:
-
-  VALUE (*getter)(ID id, VALUE *var);
-  void (*setter)(VALUE val, ID id, VALUE *var);
-
-
-Also you can define a Ruby global variable without a corresponding C
-variable.  The value of the variable will be set/get only by hooks.
-
-  void rb_define_virtual_variable(const char *name,
-				  VALUE (*getter)(), void (*setter)())
-
-The prototypes of the getter and setter functions are as follows:
-
-  VALUE (*getter)(ID id);
-  void (*setter)(VALUE val, ID id);
-
-
-== Encapsulate C Data into a Ruby Object
-
-To wrap and objectify a C pointer as a Ruby object (so called
-DATA), use Data_Wrap_Struct().
-
-  Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, mark, free, sval)
-
-Data_Wrap_Struct() returns a created DATA object.  The klass argument
-is the class for the DATA object.  The mark argument is the function
-to mark Ruby objects pointed by this data.  The free argument is the
-function to free the pointer allocation.  If this is -1, the pointer
-will be just freed.  The functions mark and free will be called from
-garbage collector.
-
-These mark / free functions are invoked during GC execution.  No
-object allocations are allowed during it, so do not allocate ruby
-objects inside them.
-
-You can allocate and wrap the structure in one step.
-
-  Data_Make_Struct(klass, type, mark, free, sval)
-
-This macro returns an allocated Data object, wrapping the pointer to
-the structure, which is also allocated.  This macro works like:
-
-  (sval = ALLOC(type), Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, mark, free, sval))
-
-Arguments klass, mark, and free work like their counterparts in
-Data_Wrap_Struct().  A pointer to the allocated structure will be
-assigned to sval, which should be a pointer of the type specified.
-
-To retrieve the C pointer from the Data object, use the macro
-Data_Get_Struct().
-
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, type, sval)
-
-A pointer to the structure will be assigned to the variable sval.
-
-See the example below for details.
-
-= Example - Creating the dbm Extension
-
-OK, here's the example of making an extension library.  This is the
-extension to access DBMs.  The full source is included in the ext/
-directory in the Ruby's source tree.
-
-== Make the Directory
-
-  % mkdir ext/dbm
-
-Make a directory for the extension library under ext directory.
-
-== Design the Library
-
-You need to design the library features, before making it.
-
-== Write the C Code
-
-You need to write C code for your extension library.  If your library
-has only one source file, choosing ``LIBRARY.c'' as a file name is
-preferred.  On the other hand, in case your library has multiple source
-files, avoid choosing ``LIBRARY.c'' for a file name.  It may conflict
-with an intermediate file ``LIBRARY.o'' on some platforms.
-Note that some functions in mkmf library described below generate
-a file ``conftest.c'' for checking with compilation.  You shouldn't
-choose ``conftest.c'' as a name of a source file.
-
-Ruby will execute the initializing function named ``Init_LIBRARY'' in
-the library.  For example, ``Init_dbm()'' will be executed when loading
-the library.
-
-Here's the example of an initializing function.
-
-  void
-  Init_dbm(void)
-  {
-      /* define DBM class */
-      VALUE cDBM = rb_define_class("DBM", rb_cObject);
-      /* DBM includes Enumerable module */
-      rb_include_module(cDBM, rb_mEnumerable);
-
-      /* DBM has class method open(): arguments are received as C array */
-      rb_define_singleton_method(cDBM, "open", fdbm_s_open, -1);
-
-      /* DBM instance method close(): no args */
-      rb_define_method(cDBM, "close", fdbm_close, 0);
-      /* DBM instance method []: 1 argument */
-      rb_define_method(cDBM, "[]", fdbm_fetch, 1);
-
-      /* ... */
-
-      /* ID for a instance variable to store DBM data */
-      id_dbm = rb_intern("dbm");
-  }
-
-The dbm extension wraps the dbm struct in the C environment using
-Data_Make_Struct.
-
-  struct dbmdata {
-      int  di_size;
-      DBM *di_dbm;
-  };
-
-  obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, struct dbmdata, 0, free_dbm, dbmp);
-
-This code wraps the dbmdata structure into a Ruby object.  We avoid
-wrapping DBM* directly, because we want to cache size information.
-
-To retrieve the dbmdata structure from a Ruby object, we define the
-following macro:
-
-  #define GetDBM(obj, dbmp) do {\
-      Data_Get_Struct((obj), struct dbmdata, (dbmp));\
-      if ((dbmp) == 0) closed_dbm();\
-      if ((dbmp)->di_dbm == 0) closed_dbm();\
-  } while (0)
-
-This sort of complicated macro does the retrieving and close checking for
-the DBM.
-
-There are three kinds of way to receive method arguments.  First,
-methods with a fixed number of arguments receive arguments like this:
-
-  static VALUE
-  fdbm_delete(VALUE obj, VALUE keystr)
-  {
-        /* ... */
-  }
-
-The first argument of the C function is the self, the rest are the
-arguments to the method.
-
-Second, methods with an arbitrary number of arguments receive
-arguments like this:
-
-  static VALUE
-  fdbm_s_open(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
-  {
-      /* ... */
-      if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &file, &vmode) == 1) {
-          mode = 0666;		/* default value */
-      }
-      /* ... */
-  }
-
-The first argument is the number of method arguments, the second
-argument is the C array of the method arguments, and the third
-argument is the receiver of the method.
-
-You can use the function rb_scan_args() to check and retrieve the
-arguments.  The third argument is a string that specifies how to
-capture method arguments and assign them to the following VALUE
-references.
-
-
-The following is an example of a method that takes arguments by Ruby's
-array:
-
-  static VALUE
-  thread_initialize(VALUE thread, VALUE args)
-  {
-      /* ... */
-  }
-
-The first argument is the receiver, the second one is the Ruby array
-which contains the arguments to the method.
-
-*Notice*: GC should know about global variables which refer to Ruby's objects,
-but are not exported to the Ruby world.  You need to protect them by
-
-  void rb_global_variable(VALUE *var)
-
-== Prepare extconf.rb
-
-If the file named extconf.rb exists, it will be executed to generate
-Makefile.
-
-extconf.rb is the file for checking compilation conditions etc.  You
-need to put
-
-  require 'mkmf'
-
-at the top of the file.  You can use the functions below to check
-various conditions.
-
-  have_macro(macro[, headers[, opt]]): check whether macro is defined
-  have_library(lib[, func[, headers[, opt]]]): check whether library containing function exists
-  find_library(lib[, func, *paths]): find library from paths
-  have_func(func[, headers[, opt]): check whether function exists
-  have_var(var[, headers[, opt]]): check whether variable exists
-  have_header(header[, preheaders[, opt]]): check whether header file exists
-  find_header(header, *paths): find header from paths
-  have_framework(fw): check whether framework exists (for MacOS X)
-  have_struct_member(type, member[, headers[, opt]]): check whether struct has member
-  have_type(type[, headers[, opt]]): check whether type exists
-  find_type(type, opt, *headers): check whether type exists in headers
-  have_const(const[, headers[, opt]]): check whether constant is defined
-  check_sizeof(type[, headers[, opts]]): check size of type
-  check_signedness(type[, headers[, opts]]): check signedness of type
-  convertible_int(type[, headers[, opts]]): find convertible integer type
-  find_executable(bin[, path]): find executable file path
-  create_header(header): generate configured header
-  create_makefile(target[, target_prefix]): generate Makefile
-
-See MakeMakefile for full documentation of these functions.
-
-The value of the variables below will affect the Makefile.
-
-  $CFLAGS: included in CFLAGS make variable (such as -O)
-  $CPPFLAGS: included in CPPFLAGS make variable (such as -I, -D)
-  $LDFLAGS: included in LDFLAGS make variable (such as -L)
-  $objs: list of object file names
-
-Normally, the object files list is automatically generated by searching
-source files, but you must define them explicitly if any sources will
-be generated while building.
-
-If a compilation condition is not fulfilled, you should not call
-``create_makefile''.  The Makefile will not be generated, compilation will
-not be done.
-
-== Prepare Depend (Optional)
-
-If the file named depend exists, Makefile will include that file to
-check dependencies.  You can make this file by invoking
-
-  % gcc -MM *.c > depend
-
-It's harmless.  Prepare it.
-
-== Generate Makefile
-
-Try generating the Makefile by:
-
-  ruby extconf.rb
-
-If the library should be installed under vendor_ruby directory
-instead of site_ruby directory, use --vendor option as follows.
-
-  ruby extconf.rb --vendor
-
-You don't need this step if you put the extension library under the ext
-directory of the ruby source tree.  In that case, compilation of the
-interpreter will do this step for you.
-
-== Run make
-
-Type
-
-  make
-
-to compile your extension.  You don't need this step either if you have
-put the extension library under the ext directory of the ruby source tree.
-
-== Debug
-
-You may need to rb_debug the extension.  Extensions can be linked
-statically by adding the directory name in the ext/Setup file so that
-you can inspect the extension with the debugger.
-
-== Done! Now You Have the Extension Library
-
-You can do anything you want with your library.  The author of Ruby
-will not claim any restrictions on your code depending on the Ruby API.
-Feel free to use, modify, distribute or sell your program.
-
-= Appendix A. Ruby Source Files Overview
-
-== Ruby Language Core
-
-class.c    :: classes and modules
-error.c    :: exception classes and exception mechanism
-gc.c       :: memory management
-load.c     :: library loading
-object.c   :: objects
-variable.c :: variables and constants
-
-== Ruby Syntax Parser
-
-parse.y  :: grammar definition
-parse.c  :: automatically generated from parse.y
-keywords :: reserved keywords
-lex.c    :: automatically generated from keywords
-
-== Ruby Evaluator (a.k.a. YARV)
-
-  compile.c
-  eval.c
-  eval_error.c
-  eval_jump.c
-  eval_safe.c
-  insns.def           : definition of VM instructions
-  iseq.c              : implementation of VM::ISeq
-  thread.c            : thread management and context switching
-  thread_win32.c      : thread implementation
-  thread_pthread.c    : ditto
-  vm.c
-  vm_dump.c
-  vm_eval.c
-  vm_exec.c
-  vm_insnhelper.c
-  vm_method.c
-
-  opt_insns_unif.def  : instruction unification
-  opt_operand.def     : definitions for optimization
-
-    -> insn*.inc      : automatically generated
-    -> opt*.inc       : automatically generated
-    -> vm.inc         : automatically generated
-
-== Regular Expression Engine (Oniguruma)
-
-  regex.c
-  regcomp.c
-  regenc.c
-  regerror.c
-  regexec.c
-  regparse.c
-  regsyntax.c
-
-== Utility Functions
-
-debug.c    :: debug symbols for C debugger
-dln.c      :: dynamic loading
-st.c       :: general purpose hash table
-strftime.c :: formatting times
-util.c     :: misc utilities
-
-== Ruby Interpreter Implementation
-
-  dmyext.c
-  dmydln.c
-  dmyencoding.c
-  id.c
-  inits.c
-  main.c
-  ruby.c
-  version.c
-
-  gem_prelude.rb
-  prelude.rb
-
-== Class Library
-
-array.c      :: Array
-bignum.c     :: Bignum
-compar.c     :: Comparable
-complex.c    :: Complex
-cont.c       :: Fiber, Continuation
-dir.c        :: Dir
-enum.c       :: Enumerable
-enumerator.c :: Enumerator
-file.c       :: File
-hash.c       :: Hash
-io.c         :: IO
-marshal.c    :: Marshal
-math.c       :: Math
-numeric.c    :: Numeric, Integer, Fixnum, Float
-pack.c       :: Array#pack, String#unpack
-proc.c       :: Binding, Proc
-process.c    :: Process
-random.c     :: random number
-range.c      :: Range
-rational.c   :: Rational
-re.c         :: Regexp, MatchData
-signal.c     :: Signal
-sprintf.c    :: String#sprintf
-string.c     :: String
-struct.c     :: Struct
-time.c       :: Time
-
-defs/known_errors.def :: Errno::* exception classes
--> known_errors.inc   :: automatically generated
-
-== Multilingualization
-
-encoding.c  :: Encoding
-transcode.c :: Encoding::Converter
-enc/*.c     :: encoding classes
-enc/trans/* :: codepoint mapping tables
-
-== goruby Interpreter Implementation
-
-  goruby.c
-  golf_prelude.rb     : goruby specific libraries.
-    -> golf_prelude.c : automatically generated
-
-
-= Appendix B. Ruby Extension API Reference
-
-== Types
-
-VALUE ::
-
-  The type for the Ruby object.  Actual structures are defined in ruby.h,
-  such as struct RString, etc.  To refer the values in structures, use
-  casting macros like RSTRING(obj).
-
-== Variables and Constants
-
-Qnil::
-  nil object
-
-Qtrue::
-  true object (default true value)
-
-Qfalse::
-  false object
-
-== C Pointer Wrapping
-
-Data_Wrap_Struct(VALUE klass, void (*mark)(), void (*free)(), void *sval) ::
-
-  Wrap a C pointer into a Ruby object.  If object has references to other
-  Ruby objects, they should be marked by using the mark function during
-  the GC process.  Otherwise, mark should be 0.  When this object is no
-  longer referred by anywhere, the pointer will be discarded by free
-  function.
-
-Data_Make_Struct(klass, type, mark, free, sval) ::
-
-  This macro allocates memory using malloc(), assigns it to the variable
-  sval, and returns the DATA encapsulating the pointer to memory region.
-
-Data_Get_Struct(data, type, sval) ::
-
-  This macro retrieves the pointer value from DATA, and assigns it to
-  the variable sval.
-
-== Checking Data Types
-
-TYPE(value) ::
-
-  Internal type (T_NIL, T_FIXNUM, etc.)
-
-FIXNUM_P(value) ::
-
-  Is +value+ a Fixnum?
-
-NIL_P(value) ::
-
-  Is +value+ nil?
-
-void Check_Type(VALUE value, int type) ::
-
-  Ensures +value+ is of the given internal +type+ or raises a TypeError
-
-SaveStringValue(value) ::
-
-  Checks that +value+ is a String and is not tainted
-
-== Data Type Conversion
-
-FIX2INT(value), INT2FIX(i) ::
-
-  Fixnum <-> integer
-
-FIX2LONG(value), LONG2FIX(l) ::
-
-  Fixnum <-> long
-
-NUM2INT(value), INT2NUM(i) ::
-
-  Numeric <-> integer
-
-NUM2UINT(value), UINT2NUM(ui) ::
-
-  Numeric <-> unsigned integer
-
-NUM2LONG(value), LONG2NUM(l) ::
-
-  Numeric <-> long
-
-NUM2ULONG(value), ULONG2NUM(ul) ::
-
-  Numeric <-> unsigned long
-
-NUM2LL(value), LL2NUM(ll) ::
-
-  Numeric <-> long long
-
-NUM2ULL(value), ULL2NUM(ull) ::
-
-  Numeric <-> unsigned long long
-
-NUM2OFFT(value), OFFT2NUM(off) ::
-
-  Numeric <-> off_t
-
-NUM2SIZET(value), SIZET2NUM(size) ::
-
-  Numeric <-> size_t
-
-NUM2SSIZET(value), SSIZET2NUM(ssize) ::
-
-  Numeric <-> ssize_t
-
-rb_integer_pack(value, words, numwords, wordsize, nails, flags), rb_integer_unpack(words, numwords, wordsize, nails, flags) ::
-
-  Numeric <-> Arbitrary size integer buffer
-
-NUM2DBL(value) ::
-
-  Numeric -> double
-
-rb_float_new(f) ::
-
-  double -> Float
-
-RSTRING_LEN(str) ::
-
-  String -> length of String data in bytes
-
-RSTRING_PTR(str) ::
-
-  String -> pointer to String data
-  Note that the result pointer may not be NUL-terminated
-
-StringValue(value) ::
-
-  Object with #to_str -> String
-
-StringValuePtr(value) ::
-
-  Object with #to_str -> pointer to String data
-
-StringValueCStr(value) ::
-
-  Object with #to_str -> pointer to String data without NUL bytes
-  It is guaranteed that the result data is NUL-terminated
-
-rb_str_new2(s) ::
-
-  char * -> String
-
-== Defining Classes and Modules
-
-VALUE rb_define_class(const char *name, VALUE super) ::
-
-  Defines a new Ruby class as a subclass of super.
-
-VALUE rb_define_class_under(VALUE module, const char *name, VALUE super) ::
-
-  Creates a new Ruby class as a subclass of super, under the module's
-  namespace.
-
-VALUE rb_define_module(const char *name) ::
-
-  Defines a new Ruby module.
-
-VALUE rb_define_module_under(VALUE module, const char *name) ::
-
-  Defines a new Ruby module under the module's namespace.
-
-void rb_include_module(VALUE klass, VALUE module) ::
-
-  Includes module into class.  If class already includes it, just ignored.
-
-void rb_extend_object(VALUE object, VALUE module) ::
-
-  Extend the object with the module's attributes.
-
-== Defining Global Variables
-
-void rb_define_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var) ::
-
-  Defines a global variable which is shared between C and Ruby.  If name
-  contains a character which is not allowed to be part of the symbol,
-  it can't be seen from Ruby programs.
-
-void rb_define_readonly_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var) ::
-
-  Defines a read-only global variable.  Works just like
-  rb_define_variable(), except the defined variable is read-only.
-
-void rb_define_virtual_variable(const char *name, VALUE (*getter)(), void (*setter)()) ::
-
-  Defines a virtual variable, whose behavior is defined by a pair of C
-  functions.  The getter function is called when the variable is
-  referenced.  The setter function is called when the variable is set to a
-  value.  The prototype for getter/setter functions are:
-
-    VALUE getter(ID id)
-    void setter(VALUE val, ID id)
-
-  The getter function must return the value for the access.
-
-void rb_define_hooked_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var, VALUE (*getter)(), void (*setter)()) ::
-
-  Defines hooked variable.  It's a virtual variable with a C variable.
-  The getter is called as
-
-    VALUE getter(ID id, VALUE *var)
-
-  returning a new value.  The setter is called as
-
-    void setter(VALUE val, ID id, VALUE *var)
-
-  GC requires C global variables which hold Ruby values to be marked.
-
-void rb_global_variable(VALUE *var)
-
-  Tells GC to protect these variables.
-
-== Constant Definition
-
-void rb_define_const(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE val) ::
-
-  Defines a new constant under the class/module.
-
-void rb_define_global_const(const char *name, VALUE val) ::
-
-  Defines a global constant.  This is just the same as
-
-    rb_define_const(rb_cObject, name, val)
-
-== Method Definition
-
-rb_define_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(), int argc) ::
-
-  Defines a method for the class.  func is the function pointer.  argc
-  is the number of arguments.  if argc is -1, the function will receive
-  3 arguments: argc, argv, and self.  if argc is -2, the function will
-  receive 2 arguments, self and args, where args is a Ruby array of
-  the method arguments.
-
-rb_define_private_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(), int argc) ::
-
-  Defines a private method for the class.  Arguments are same as
-  rb_define_method().
-
-rb_define_singleton_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(), int argc) ::
-
-  Defines a singleton method.  Arguments are same as rb_define_method().
-
-rb_scan_args(int argc, VALUE *argv, const char *fmt, ...) ::
-
-  Retrieve argument from argc and argv to given VALUE references
-  according to the format string.  The format can be described in ABNF
-  as follows:
-
-    scan-arg-spec  := param-arg-spec [option-hash-arg-spec] [block-arg-spec]
-
-    param-arg-spec := pre-arg-spec [post-arg-spec] / post-arg-spec /
-                      pre-opt-post-arg-spec
-    pre-arg-spec   := num-of-leading-mandatory-args [num-of-optional-args]
-    post-arg-spec  := sym-for-variable-length-args
-                      [num-of-trailing-mandatory-args]
-    pre-opt-post-arg-spec := num-of-leading-mandatory-args num-of-optional-args
-                             num-of-trailing-mandatory-args
-    option-hash-arg-spec := sym-for-option-hash-arg
-    block-arg-spec := sym-for-block-arg
-
-    num-of-leading-mandatory-args  := DIGIT ; The number of leading
-                                            ; mandatory arguments
-    num-of-optional-args           := DIGIT ; The number of optional
-                                            ; arguments
-    sym-for-variable-length-args   := "*"   ; Indicates that variable
-                                            ; length arguments are
-                                            ; captured as a ruby array
-    num-of-trailing-mandatory-args := DIGIT ; The number of trailing
-                                            ; mandatory arguments
-    sym-for-option-hash-arg        := ":"   ; Indicates that an option
-                                            ; hash is captured if the last
-                                            ; argument is a hash or can be
-                                            ; converted to a hash with
-                                            ; #to_hash.  When the last
-                                            ; argument is nil, it is
-                                            ; captured if it is not
-                                            ; ambiguous to take it as
-                                            ; empty option hash; i.e. '*'
-                                            ; is not specified and
-                                            ; arguments are given more
-                                            ; than sufficient.
-    sym-for-block-arg              := "&"   ; Indicates that an iterator
-                                            ; block should be captured if
-                                            ; given
-
-  For example, "12" means that the method requires at least one
-  argument, and at most receives three (1+2) arguments.  So, the format
-  string must be followed by three variable references, which are to be
-  assigned to captured arguments.  For omitted arguments, variables are
-  set to Qnil.  NULL can be put in place of a variable reference, which
-  means the corresponding captured argument(s) should be just dropped.
-
-  The number of given arguments, excluding an option hash or iterator
-  block, is returned.
-
-int rb_get_kwargs(VALUE keyword_hash, const ID *table, int required, int optional, VALUE *values)
-
-  Retrieves argument VALUEs bound to keywords, which directed by +table+
-  into +values+.  First +required+ number of IDs referred by +table+ are
-  mandatory, and succeeding +optional+ (- +optional+ - 1 if
-  +optional+ is negative) number of IDs are optional.  If a
-  mandatory key is not contained in +keyword_hash+, raises "missing
-  keyword" +ArgumentError+.  If an optional key is not present in
-  +keyword_hash+, the corresponding element in +values+ is set to +Qundef+.
-  If +optional+ is negative, rest of +keyword_hash+ are ignored, otherwise
-  raises "unknown keyword" +ArgumentError+.
-
-VALUE rb_extract_keywords(VALUE *original_hash)
-
-  Extracts pairs whose key is a symbol into a new hash from a hash
-  object referred by +original_hash+.  If the original hash contains
-  non-symbol keys, then they are copied to another hash and the new hash
-  is stored through +original_hash+, else 0 is stored.
-
-== Invoking Ruby method
-
-VALUE rb_funcall(VALUE recv, ID mid, int narg, ...) ::
-
-  Invokes a method.  To retrieve mid from a method name, use rb_intern().
-  Able to call even private/protected methods.
-
-VALUE rb_funcall2(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, VALUE *argv) ::
-VALUE rb_funcallv(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, VALUE *argv) ::
-
-  Invokes a method, passing arguments as an array of values.
-  Able to call even private/protected methods.
-
-VALUE rb_funcallv_public(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, VALUE *argv) ::
-
-  Invokes a method, passing arguments as an array of values.
-  Able to call only public methods.
-
-VALUE rb_eval_string(const char *str) ::
-
-  Compiles and executes the string as a Ruby program.
-
-ID rb_intern(const char *name) ::
-
-  Returns ID corresponding to the name.
-
-char *rb_id2name(ID id) ::
-
-  Returns the name corresponding ID.
-
-char *rb_class2name(VALUE klass) ::
-
-  Returns the name of the class.
-
-int rb_respond_to(VALUE obj, ID id) ::
-
-  Returns true if the object responds to the message specified by id.
-
-== Instance Variables
-
-VALUE rb_iv_get(VALUE obj, const char *name) ::
-
-  Retrieve the value of the instance variable.  If the name is not
-  prefixed by `@', that variable shall be inaccessible from Ruby.
-
-VALUE rb_iv_set(VALUE obj, const char *name, VALUE val) ::
-
-  Sets the value of the instance variable.
-
-== Control Structure
-
-VALUE rb_block_call(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, VALUE * argv, VALUE (*func) (ANYARGS), VALUE data2) ::
-
-  Calls a method on the recv, with the method name specified by the
-  symbol mid, with argc arguments in argv, supplying func as the
-  block. When func is called as the block, it will receive the value
-  from yield as the first argument, and data2 as the second argument.
-  When yielded with multiple values (in C, rb_yield_values(),
-  rb_yield_values2() and rb_yield_splat()), data2 is packed as an Array,
-  whereas yielded values can be gotten via argc/argv of the third/fourth
-  arguments.
-
-[OBSOLETE] VALUE rb_iterate(VALUE (*func1)(), VALUE arg1, VALUE (*func2)(), VALUE arg2) ::
-
-  Calls the function func1, supplying func2 as the block.  func1 will be
-  called with the argument arg1.  func2 receives the value from yield as
-  the first argument, arg2 as the second argument.
-
-  When rb_iterate is used in 1.9, func1 has to call some Ruby-level method.
-  This function is obsolete since 1.9; use rb_block_call instead.
-
-VALUE rb_yield(VALUE val) ::
-
-  Evaluates the block with value val.
-
-VALUE rb_rescue(VALUE (*func1)(), VALUE arg1, VALUE (*func2)(), VALUE arg2) ::
-
-  Calls the function func1, with arg1 as the argument.  If an exception
-  occurs during func1, it calls func2 with arg2 as the argument.  The
-  return value of rb_rescue() is the return value from func1 if no
-  exception occurs, from func2 otherwise.
-
-VALUE rb_ensure(VALUE (*func1)(), VALUE arg1, VALUE (*func2)(), VALUE arg2) ::
-
-  Calls the function func1 with arg1 as the argument, then calls func2
-  with arg2 if execution terminated.  The return value from
-  rb_ensure() is that of func1 when no exception occurred.
-
-VALUE rb_protect(VALUE (*func) (VALUE), VALUE arg, int *state) ::
-
-  Calls the function func with arg as the argument.  If no exception
-  occurred during func, it returns the result of func and *state is zero.
-  Otherwise, it returns Qnil and sets *state to nonzero.  If state is
-  NULL, it is not set in both cases.
-  You have to clear the error info with rb_set_errinfo(Qnil) when
-  ignoring the caught exception.
-
-void rb_jump_tag(int state) ::
-
-  Continues the exception caught by rb_protect() and rb_eval_string_protect().
-  state must be the returned value from those functions.  This function
-  never return to the caller.
-
-void rb_iter_break() ::
-
-  Exits from the current innermost block.  This function never return to
-  the caller.
-
-void rb_iter_break_value(VALUE value) ::
-
-  Exits from the current innermost block with the value.  The block will
-  return the given argument value.  This function never return to the
-  caller.
-
-== Exceptions and Errors
-
-void rb_warn(const char *fmt, ...) ::
-
-  Prints a warning message according to a printf-like format.
-
-void rb_warning(const char *fmt, ...) ::
-
-  Prints a warning message according to a printf-like format, if
-  $VERBOSE is true.
-
-void rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, const char *fmt, ...) ::
-
-  Raises RuntimeError.  The fmt is a format string just like printf().
-
-void rb_raise(VALUE exception, const char *fmt, ...) ::
-
-  Raises a class exception.  The fmt is a format string just like printf().
-
-void rb_fatal(const char *fmt, ...) ::
-
-  Raises a fatal error, terminates the interpreter.  No exception handling
-  will be done for fatal errors, but ensure blocks will be executed.
-
-void rb_bug(const char *fmt, ...) ::
-
-  Terminates the interpreter immediately.  This function should be
-  called under the situation caused by the bug in the interpreter.  No
-  exception handling nor ensure execution will be done.
-
-Note: In the format string, "%"PRIsVALUE can be used for Object#to_s
-(or Object#inspect if '+' flag is set) output (and related argument
-must be a VALUE).  Since it conflicts with "%i", for integers in
-format strings, use "%d".
-
-== Initialize and Start the Interpreter
-
-The embedding API functions are below (not needed for extension libraries):
-
-void ruby_init() ::
-
-  Initializes the interpreter.
-
-void *ruby_options(int argc, char **argv) ::
-
-  Process command line arguments for the interpreter.
-  And compiles the Ruby source to execute.
-  It returns an opaque pointer to the compiled source
-  or an internal special value.
-
-int ruby_run_node(void *n) ::
-
-  Runs the given compiled source and exits this process.
-  It returns EXIT_SUCCESS if successfully runs the source.
-  Otherwise, it returns other value.
-
-void ruby_script(char *name) ::
-
-  Specifies the name of the script ($0).
-
-== Hooks for the Interpreter Events
-
-  void rb_add_event_hook(rb_event_hook_func_t func, rb_event_flag_t events,
-                         VALUE data)
-
-Adds a hook function for the specified interpreter events.
-events should be OR'ed value of:
-
-  RUBY_EVENT_LINE
-  RUBY_EVENT_CLASS
-  RUBY_EVENT_END
-  RUBY_EVENT_CALL
-  RUBY_EVENT_RETURN
-  RUBY_EVENT_C_CALL
-  RUBY_EVENT_C_RETURN
-  RUBY_EVENT_RAISE
-  RUBY_EVENT_ALL
-
-The definition of rb_event_hook_func_t is below:
-
-  typedef void (*rb_event_hook_func_t)(rb_event_t event, VALUE data,
-                                       VALUE self, ID id, VALUE klass)
-
-The third argument `data' to rb_add_event_hook() is passed to the hook
-function as the second argument, which was the pointer to the current
-NODE in 1.8.  See RB_EVENT_HOOKS_HAVE_CALLBACK_DATA below.
-
-  int rb_remove_event_hook(rb_event_hook_func_t func)
-
-Removes the specified hook function.
-
-== Macros for Compatibility
-
-Some macros to check API compatibilities are available by default.
-
-NORETURN_STYLE_NEW ::
-
-  Means that NORETURN macro is functional style instead of prefix.
-
-HAVE_RB_DEFINE_ALLOC_FUNC ::
-
-  Means that function rb_define_alloc_func() is provided, that means the
-  allocation framework is used.  This is same as the result of
-  have_func("rb_define_alloc_func", "ruby.h").
-
-HAVE_RB_REG_NEW_STR ::
-
-  Means that function rb_reg_new_str() is provided, that creates Regexp
-  object from String object.  This is same as the result of
-  have_func("rb_reg_new_str", "ruby.h").
-
-HAVE_RB_IO_T ::
-
-  Means that type rb_io_t is provided.
-
-USE_SYMBOL_AS_METHOD_NAME ::
-
-  Means that Symbols will be returned as method names, e.g.,
-  Module#methods, #singleton_methods and so on.
-
-HAVE_RUBY_*_H ::
-
-  Defined in ruby.h and means corresponding header is available.  For
-  instance, when HAVE_RUBY_ST_H is defined you should use ruby/st.h not
-  mere st.h.
-
-RB_EVENT_HOOKS_HAVE_CALLBACK_DATA ::
-
-  Means that rb_add_event_hook() takes the third argument `data', to be
-  passed to the given event hook function.
-
-= Appendix C. Functions available for use in extconf.rb
-
-See documentation for {mkmf}[rdoc-ref:MakeMakefile].
-
-= Appendix D. Generational GC
-
-Ruby 2.1 introduced a generational garbage collector (called RGenGC).
-RGenGC (mostly) keeps compatibility.
-
-Generally, the use of the technique called write barriers is required in
-extension libraries for generational GC
-(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collection_%28computer_science%29).
-RGenGC works fine without write barriers in extension libraries.
-
-If your library adheres to the following tips, performance can
-be further improved. Especially, the "Don't touch pointers directly" section is
-important.
-
-== Incompatibility
-
-You can't write RBASIC(obj)->klass field directly because it is const
-value now.
-
-Basically you should not write this field because MRI expects it to be
-an immutable field, but if you want to do it in your extension you can
-use the following functions:
-
-VALUE rb_obj_hide(VALUE obj) ::
-
-  Clear RBasic::klass field. The object will be an internal object.
-  ObjectSpace::each_object can't find this object.
-
-VALUE rb_obj_reveal(VALUE obj, VALUE klass) ::
-
-  Reset RBasic::klass to be klass.
-  We expect the `klass' is hidden class by rb_obj_hide().
-
-== Write barriers
-
-RGenGC doesn't require write barriers to support generational GC.
-However, caring about write barrier can improve the performance of
-RGenGC. Please check the following tips.
-
-=== Don't touch pointers directly
-
-In MRI (include/ruby/ruby.h), some macros to acquire pointers to the
-internal data structures are supported such as RARRAY_PTR(),
-RSTRUCT_PTR() and so on.
-
-DO NOT USE THESE MACROS and instead use the corresponding C-APIs such as
-rb_ary_aref(), rb_ary_store() and so on.
-
-=== Consider whether to insert write barriers
-
-You don't need to care about write barriers if you only use built-in
-types.
-
-If you support T_DATA objects, you may consider using write barriers.
-
-Inserting write barriers into T_DATA objects only works with the
-following type objects: (a) long-lived objects, (b) when a huge number
-of objects are generated and (c) container-type objects that have
-references to other objects. If your extension provides such a type of
-T_DATA objects, consider inserting write barriers.
-
-(a): short-lived objects don't become old generation objects.
-(b): only a few oldgen objects don't have performance impact.
-(c): only a few references don't have performance impact.
-
-Inserting write barriers is a very difficult hack, it is easy to
-introduce critical bugs. And inserting write barriers has several areas
-of overhead. Basically we don't recommend you insert write barriers.
-Please carefully consider the risks.
-
-=== Combine with built-in types
-
-Please consider utilizing built-in types. Most built-in types support
-write barrier, so you can use them to avoid manually inserting write
-barriers.
-
-For example, if your T_DATA has references to other objects, then you
-can move these references to Array. A T_DATA object only has a reference
-to an array object. Or you can also use a Struct object to gather a
-T_DATA object (without any references) and an that Array contains
-references.
-
-With use of such techniques, you don't need to insert write barriers
-anymore.
-
-=== Insert write barriers
-
-[AGAIN] Inserting write barriers is a very difficult hack, and it is
-easy to introduce critical bugs. And inserting write barriers has
-several areas of overhead. Basically we don't recommend you insert write
-barriers. Please carefully consider the risks.
-
-Before inserting write barriers, you need to know about RGenGC algorithm
-(gc.c will help you). Macros and functions to insert write barriers are
-available in in include/ruby/ruby.h. An example is available in iseq.c.
-
-For a complete guide for RGenGC and write barriers, please refer to
-<https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-trunk/wiki/RGenGC>.
-
-= Appendix E. RB_GC_GUARD to protect from premature GC
-
-C Ruby currently uses conservative garbage collection, thus VALUE
-variables must remain visible on the stack or registers to ensure any
-associated data remains usable.  Optimizing C compilers are not designed
-with conservative garbage collection in mind, so they may optimize away
-the original VALUE even if the code depends on data associated with that
-VALUE.
-
-The following example illustrates the use of RB_GC_GUARD to ensure
-the contents of sptr remain valid while the second invocation of
-rb_str_new_cstr is running.
-
-  VALUE s, w;
-  const char *sptr;
-
-  s = rb_str_new_cstr("hello world!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!");
-  sptr = RSTRING_PTR(s);
-  w = rb_str_new_cstr(sptr + 6); /* Possible GC invocation */
-
-  RB_GC_GUARD(s); /* ensure s (and thus sptr) do not get GC-ed */
-
-In the above example, RB_GC_GUARD must be placed _after_ the last use of
-sptr.  Placing RB_GC_GUARD before dereferencing sptr would be of no use.
-RB_GC_GUARD is only effective on the VALUE data type, not converted C
-data types.
-
-RB_GC_GUARD would not be necessary at all in the above example if
-non-inlined function calls are made on the `s' VALUE after sptr is
-dereferenced.  Thus, in the above example, calling any un-inlined
-function on `s' such as:
-
-  rb_str_modify(s);
-
-Will ensure `s' stays on the stack or register to prevent a
-GC invocation from prematurely freeing it.
-
-Using the RB_GC_GUARD macro is preferable to using the "volatile"
-keyword in C.  RB_GC_GUARD has the following advantages:
-
-1) the intent of the macro use is clear
-
-2) RB_GC_GUARD only affects its call site, "volatile" generates some
-   extra code every time the variable is used, hurting optimization.
-
-3) "volatile" implementations may be buggy/inconsistent in some
-   compilers and architectures. RB_GC_GUARD is customizable for broken
-   systems/compilers without those without negatively affecting other
-   systems.
-
-/*
- * Local variables:
- * fill-column: 70
- * end:
- */
+Moved to doc/extension.rdoc
diff --git a/README.EXT.ja b/README.EXT.ja
index 2a3fd69b9d..f884ecbb0e 100644
--- a/README.EXT.ja
+++ b/README.EXT.ja
@@ -1,1720 +1 @@
-# README.EXT.ja -  -*- RDoc -*- created at: Mon Aug  7 16:45:54 JST 1995
-
-Rubyの拡張ライブラリの作り方を説明します．
-
-= 基礎知識
-
-Cの変数には型があり，データには型がありません．ですから，た
-とえばポインタをintの変数に代入すると，その値は整数として取
-り扱われます．逆にRubyの変数には型がなく，データに型がありま
-す．この違いのため，CとRubyは相互に変換しなければ，お互いの
-データをアクセスできません．
-
-RubyのデータはVALUEというCの型で表現されます．VALUE型のデー
-タはそのデータタイプを自分で知っています．このデータタイプと
-いうのはデータ(オブジェクト)の実際の構造を意味していて，Ruby
-のクラスとはまた違ったものです．
-
-VALUEからCにとって意味のあるデータを取り出すためには
-
-1. VALUEのデータタイプを知る
-2. VALUEをCのデータに変換する
-
-の両方が必要です．(1)を忘れると間違ったデータの変換が行われ
-て，最悪プログラムがcore dumpします．
-
-== データタイプ
-
-Rubyにはユーザが使う可能性のある以下のタイプがあります．
-
-T_NIL      :: nil
-T_OBJECT   :: 通常のオブジェクト
-T_CLASS    :: クラス
-T_MODULE   :: モジュール
-T_FLOAT    :: 浮動小数点数
-T_STRING   :: 文字列
-T_REGEXP   :: 正規表現
-T_ARRAY    :: 配列
-T_HASH     :: 連想配列
-T_STRUCT   :: (Rubyの)構造体
-T_BIGNUM   :: 多倍長整数
-T_FIXNUM   :: Fixnum(31bitまたは63bit長整数)
-T_COMPLEX  :: 複素数
-T_RATIONAL :: 有理数
-T_FILE     :: 入出力
-T_TRUE     :: 真
-T_FALSE    :: 偽
-T_DATA     :: データ
-T_SYMBOL   :: シンボル
-
-その他に内部で利用されている以下のタイプがあります．
-
-  T_ICLASS
-  T_MATCH
-  T_UNDEF
-  T_NODE
-  T_ZOMBIE
-
-ほとんどのタイプはCの構造体で実装されています．
-
-== VALUEのデータタイプをチェックする
-
-ruby.hではTYPE()というマクロが定義されていて，VALUEのデータ
-タイプを知ることが出来ます．TYPE()マクロは上で紹介したT_XXXX
-の形式の定数を返します．VALUEのデータタイプに応じて処理する
-場合には，TYPE()の値で分岐することになります．
-
-  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
-    case T_FIXNUM:
-      /* FIXNUMの処理 */
-      break;
-    case T_STRING:
-      /* 文字列の処理 */
-      break;
-    case T_ARRAY:
-      /* 配列の処理 */
-      break;
-    default:
-      /* 例外を発生させる */
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "not valid value");
-      break;
-  }
-
-それとデータタイプをチェックして，正しくなければ例外を発生す
-る関数が用意されています．
-
-  void Check_Type(VALUE value, int type)
-
-この関数はvalueがtypeで無ければ，例外を発生させます．引数と
-して与えられたVALUEのデータタイプが正しいかどうかチェックす
-るためには，この関数を使います．
-
-FIXNUMとNILに関してはより高速な判別マクロが用意されています．
-
-  FIXNUM_P(obj)
-  NIL_P(obj)
-
-== VALUEをCのデータに変換する
-
-データタイプがT_NIL，T_FALSE，T_TRUEである時，データはそれぞ
-れnil，false，trueです．このデータタイプのオブジェクトはひと
-つずつしか存在しません．
-
-データタイプがT_FIXNUMの時，これは31bitまたは63bitのサイズを
-持つ整数です．longのサイズが32bitのプラットフォームであれば
-31bitに，longのサイズが64bitのプラットフォームであれば63bit
-になります. FIXNUM を C の整数に変換するためにはマクロ
-「FIX2INT()」または「FIX2LONG()」を使います．これらのマクロ
-を使用する際には事前にデータタイプがFIXNUMであることを確認す
-る必要がありますが，比較的高速に変換を行うことができます．ま
-た，「FIX2LONG()」は例外を発生しませんが，「FIX2INT()」は変
-換結果がintのサイズに収まらない場合には例外を発生します．
-それから，FIXNUMに限らずRubyのデータを整数に変換する
-「NUM2INT()」および「NUM2LONG()」というマクロがあります．こ
-れらのマクロはデータタイプのチェック無しで使えます
-(整数に変換できない場合には例外が発生する)．同様にチェック無し
-で使える変換マクロはdoubleを取り出す「NUM2DBL()」があります．
-
-char* を取り出す場合， StringValue() と StringValuePtr()
-を使います．
-StringValue(var) は var が String
-であれば何もせず，そうでなければ var を var.to_str() の結果
-に置き換えるマクロ，StringValuePtr(var) は同様に var を
-String に置き換えてから var のバイト列表現に対する char* を
-返すマクロです．var の内容を直接置き換える処理が入るので，
-var は lvalue である必要があります．
-また，StringValuePtr() に類似した StringValueCStr() というマ
-クロもあります．StringValueCStr(var) は var を String に置き
-換えてから var の文字列表現に対する char* を返します．返され
-る文字列の末尾には NUL 文字が付加されます．なお，途中に NUL
-文字が含まれる場合は ArgumentError が発生します．
-一方，StringValuePtr() では，末尾に NUL 文字がある保証はなく，
-途中に NUL 文字が含まれている可能性もあります．
-
-それ以外のデータタイプは対応するCの構造体があります．対応す
-る構造体のあるVALUEはそのままキャスト(型変換)すれば構造体の
-ポインタに変換できます．
-
-構造体は「struct RXxxxx」という名前でruby.hで定義されていま
-す．例えば文字列は「struct RString」です．実際に使う可能性が
-あるのは文字列と配列くらいだと思います．
-
-ruby.hでは構造体へキャストするマクロも「RXXXXX()」(全部大文
-字にしたもの)という名前で提供されています(例: RSTRING())．た
-だし、構造体への直接のアクセスはできるだけ避け，対応する
-rb_xxxx() といった関数を使うようにして下さい．例えば，配列の
-要素へアクセスする場合は，rb_ary_entry(ary, offset)，
-rb_ary_store(ary, offset, obj) を利用するようにして下さい．
-
-構造体からデータを取り出すマクロが提供されています．文字列
-strの長さを得るためには「RSTRING_LEN(str)」とし，文字列strを
-char*として得るためには「RSTRING_PTR(str)」とします．
-
-Rubyの構造体を直接アクセスする時に気をつけなければならないこ
-とは，配列や文字列の構造体の中身は参照するだけで，直接変更し
-ないことです．直接変更した場合，オブジェクトの内容の整合性が
-とれなくなって，思わぬバグの原因になります．
-
-== CのデータをVALUEに変換する
-
-VALUEの実際の構造は
-
-FIXNUMの場合 ::
-
-  1bit左シフトして，LSBを立てる．
-
-その他のポインタの場合 ::
-
-  そのままVALUEにキャストする．
-
-となっています．よって，LSBをチェックすればVALUEがFIXNUMかど
-うかわかるわけです(ポインタのLSBが立っていないことを仮定して
-いる)．
-
-ですから，FIXNUM以外のRubyのオブジェクトの構造体は単にVALUE
-にキャストするだけでVALUEに変換出来ます．ただし，任意の構造
-体がVALUEにキャスト出来るわけではありません．キャストするの
-はRubyの知っている構造体(ruby.hで定義されているstruct RXxxx
-のもの)だけです．
-
-FIXNUMに関しては変換マクロを経由する必要があります．Cの整数
-からVALUEに変換するマクロは以下のものがあります．必要に応じ
-て使い分けてください．
-
-INT2FIX() :: もとの整数が31bitまたは63bit以内に収まる自信
-      	     がある時
-INT2NUM() :: 任意の整数からVALUEへ
-
-INT2NUM()は整数がFIXNUMの範囲に収まらない場合，Bignumに変換
-してくれます(が，少し遅い)．
-
-== Rubyのデータを操作する
-
-先程も述べた通り，Rubyの構造体をアクセスする時に内容の更新を
-行うことは勧められません．で，Rubyのデータを操作する時には
-Rubyが用意している関数を用いてください．
-
-ここではもっとも使われるであろう文字列と配列の生成/操作を行
-う関数をあげます(全部ではないです)．
-
-=== 文字列に対する関数
-
-rb_str_new(const char *ptr, long len) ::
-
-  新しいRubyの文字列を生成する．
-
-rb_str_new2(const char *ptr)
-rb_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr)
-
-  Cの文字列からRubyの文字列を生成する．この関数の機能は
-  rb_str_new(ptr, strlen(ptr))と同等である．
-
-rb_str_new_literal(const char *ptr)
-
-  Cのリテラル文字列からRubyの文字列を生成する．
-
-rb_tainted_str_new(const char *ptr, long len)
-
-  汚染マークが付加された新しいRubyの文字列を生成する．外部
-  からのデータに基づく文字列には汚染マークが付加されるべき
-  である．
-
-rb_tainted_str_new2(const char *ptr)
-rb_tainted_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr)
-
-  Cの文字列から汚染マークが付加されたRubyの文字列を生成する．
-
-rb_sprintf(const char *format, ...)
-rb_vsprintf(const char *format, va_list ap)
-
-  Cの文字列formatと続く引数をprintf(3)のフォーマットにしたがって
-  整形し，Rubyの文字列を生成する．
-
-  注意: "%"PRIsVALUEがObject#to_s('+'フラグが指定されている
-  ときはObject#inspect)を使ったVALUEの出力に利用できる．これ
-  は"%i"と衝突するため，整数には"%d"を使用すること．
-
-rb_str_cat(VALUE str, const char *ptr, long len)
-
-  Rubyの文字列strにlenバイトの文字列ptrを追加する．
-
-rb_str_cat2(VALUE str, const char* ptr)
-rb_str_cat_cstr(VALUE str, const char* ptr)
-
-  Rubyの文字列strにCの文字列ptrを追加する．この関数の機能は
-  rb_str_cat(str, ptr, strlen(ptr))と同等である．
-
-rb_str_catf(VALUE str, const char* format, ...)
-rb_str_vcatf(VALUE str, const char* format, va_list ap)
-
-  Cの文字列formatと続く引数をprintf(3)のフォーマットにしたがって
-  整形し，Rubyの文字列strに追加する．この関数の機能は，それぞれ
-  rb_str_cat2(str, rb_sprintf(format, ...)) や
-  rb_str_cat2(str, rb_vsprintf(format, ap)) と同等である．
-
-rb_enc_str_new(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc)
-rb_enc_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr, rb_encoding *enc)
-
-  指定されたエンコーディングでRubyの文字列を生成する.
-
-rb_enc_str_new_literal(const char *ptr)
-
-  Cのリテラル文字列から指定されたエンコーディングでRubyの文字列を生成する．
-
-rb_usascii_str_new(const char *ptr, long len)
-rb_usascii_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr)
-
-  エンコーディングがUS-ASCIIのRubyの文字列を生成する.
-
-rb_usascii_str_new_literal(const char *ptr)
-
-  Cのリテラル文字列からエンコーディングがUS-ASCIIのRubyの文字列を生成する．
-
-rb_utf8_str_new(const char *ptr, long len)
-rb_utf8_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr)
-
-  エンコーディングがUTF-8のRubyの文字列を生成する.
-
-rb_utf8_str_new_literal(const char *ptr)
-
-  Cのリテラル文字列からエンコーディングがUTF-8のRubyの文字列を生成する．
-
-rb_str_resize(VALUE str, long len)
-
-  Rubyの文字列のサイズをlenバイトに変更する．strの長さは前
-  以てセットされていなければならない．lenが元の長さよりも短
-  い時は，lenバイトを越えた部分の内容は捨てられる．lenが元
-  の長さよりも長い時は，元の長さを越えた部分の内容は保存さ
-  れないでゴミになるだろう．この関数の呼び出しによって
-  RSTRING_PTR(str)が変更されるかもしれないことに注意．
-
-rb_str_set_len(VALUE str, long len)
-
-  Rubyの文字列のサイズをlenバイトにセットする．strが変更可
-  能でなければ例外が発生する．RSTRING_LEN(str)とは無関係に，
-  lenバイトまでの内容は保存される．lenはstrの容量を越えてい
-  てはならない．
-
-
-== 配列に対する関数
-
-rb_ary_new()
-
-  要素が0の配列を生成する．
-
-rb_ary_new2(long len)
-rb_ary_new_capa(long len)
-
-  要素が0の配列を生成する．len要素分の領域をあらかじめ割り
-  当てておく．
-
-rb_ary_new3(long n, ...)
-rb_ary_new_from_args(long n, ...)
-
-  引数で指定したn要素を含む配列を生成する．
-
-rb_ary_new4(long n, VALUE *elts)
-rb_ary_new_from_values(long n, VALUE *elts)
-
-  配列で与えたn要素の配列を生成する．
-
-rb_ary_to_ary(VALUE obj)
-
-  オブジェクトを配列に変換する.
-  Object#to_aryと同等である.
-
-他にも配列を操作する関数が多数ある. これらは
-引数aryに配列を渡さなければならない. さもないと
-コアを吐く.
-
-rb_ary_aref(argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-
-  Array#[]と同等.
-
-rb_ary_entry(VALUE ary, long offset)
-
-  ary[offset]
-
-rb_ary_store(VALUE ary, long offset, VALUE obj) ::
-
-  ary[offset] = obj
-
-rb_ary_subseq(VALUE ary, long beg, long len)
-
-  ary[beg, len]
-
-rb_ary_push(VALUE ary, VALUE val)
-rb_ary_pop(VALUE ary)
-rb_ary_shift(VALUE ary)
-rb_ary_unshift(VALUE ary, VALUE val)
-
-rb_ary_cat(VALUE ary, const VALUE *ptr, long len)
-
-  配列aryにptrからlen個のオブジェクトを追加する．
-
-= Rubyの機能を使う
-
-原理的にRubyで書けることはCでも書けます．RubyそのものがCで記
-述されているんですから，当然といえば当然なんですけど．ここで
-はRubyの拡張に使うことが多いだろうと予測される機能を中心に紹
-介します．
-
-== Rubyに機能を追加する
-
-Rubyで提供されている関数を使えばRubyインタプリタに新しい機能
-を追加することができます．Rubyでは以下の機能を追加する関数が
-提供されています．
-
-* クラス，モジュール
-* メソッド，特異メソッドなど
-* 定数
-
-では順に紹介します．
-
-=== クラス/モジュール定義
-
-クラスやモジュールを定義するためには，以下の関数を使います．
-
-  VALUE rb_define_class(const char *name, VALUE super)
-  VALUE rb_define_module(const char *name)
-
-これらの関数は新しく定義されたクラスやモジュールを返します．
-メソッドや定数の定義にこれらの値が必要なので，ほとんどの場合
-は戻り値を変数に格納しておく必要があるでしょう．
-
-クラスやモジュールを他のクラスの内部にネストして定義する時に
-は以下の関数を使います．
-
-  VALUE rb_define_class_under(VALUE outer, const char *name, VALUE super)
-  VALUE rb_define_module_under(VALUE outer, const char *name)
-
-=== メソッド/特異メソッド定義
-
-メソッドや特異メソッドを定義するには以下の関数を使います．
-
-  void rb_define_method(VALUE klass, const char *name,
-                        VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-  void rb_define_singleton_method(VALUE object, const char *name,
-                                  VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-
-念のため説明すると「特異メソッド」とは，その特定のオブジェク
-トに対してだけ有効なメソッドです．RubyではよくSmalltalkにお
-けるクラスメソッドとして，クラスに対する特異メソッドが使われ
-ます．
-
-これらの関数の argcという引数はCの関数へ渡される引数の数(と
-形式)を決めます．argcが0以上の時は関数に引き渡す引数の数を意
-味します．16個以上の引数は使えません(が，要りませんよね，そ
-んなに)．実際の関数には先頭の引数としてselfが与えられますの
-で，指定した数より1多い引数を持つことになります．
-
-argcが負の時は引数の数ではなく，形式を指定したことになります．
-argcが-1の時は引数を配列に入れて渡されます．argcが-2の時は引
-数はRubyの配列として渡されます．
-
-メソッドを定義する関数はまだいくつかあります. ひとつはメソッド
-名としてIDを取ります. IDについては2.2.2を参照.
-
-  void rb_define_method_id(VALUE klass, ID name,
-                           VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS), int argc)
-
-private/protectedなメソッドを定義するふたつの関数があります.
-
-  void rb_define_private_method(VALUE klass, const char *name,
-				VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-  void rb_define_protected_method(VALUE klass, const char *name,
-			          VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-privateメソッドとは関数形式でしか呼び出すことの出来ないメソッ
-ドです．
-
-最後に， rb_define_module関数はモジュール関数を定義します．
-モジュール関数とはモジュールの特異メソッドであり，同時に
-privateメソッドでもあるものです．例をあげるとMathモジュール
-のsqrt()などがあげられます．このメソッドは
-
-  Math.sqrt(4)
-
-という形式でも
-
-  include Math
-  sqrt(4)
-
-という形式でも使えます．モジュール関数を定義する関数は以下の
-通りです．
-
-  void rb_define_module_function(VALUE module, const char *name,
-		                 VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-関数的メソッド(Kernelモジュールのprivate method)を定義するた
-めの関数は以下の通りです．
-
-  void rb_define_global_function(const char *name, VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-
-メソッドの別名を定義するための関数は以下の通りです．
-
-  void rb_define_alias(VALUE module, const char* new, const char* old);
-
-属性の取得・設定メソッドを定義するには
-
-  void rb_define_attr(VALUE klass, const char *name, int read, int write)
-
-クラスメソッドallocateを定義したり削除したりするための関数は
-以下の通りです．
-
-  void rb_define_alloc_func(VALUE klass, VALUE (*func)(VALUE klass));
-  void rb_undef_alloc_func(VALUE klass);
-
-funcはクラスを引数として受け取って，新しく割り当てられたイン
-スタンスを返さなくてはなりません．このインスタンスは，外部リ
-ソースなどを含まない，できるだけ「空」のままにしておいたほう
-がよいでしょう．
-
-継承したクラスにある既存のメソッドをオーバーライドしているな
-ら，オーバーライドされたメソッドを呼び出すには以下の関数を使
-います．
-
-  VALUE rb_call_super(int argc, const VALUE *argv)
-
-現在のスコープのレシーバは(他に方法がなければ)，以下の関数で
-得ることができます．
-
-  VALUE rb_current_receiver(void)
-
-=== 定数定義
-
-拡張ライブラリが必要な定数はあらかじめ定義しておいた方が良い
-でしょう．定数を定義する関数は二つあります．
-
-  void rb_define_const(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE val)
-  void rb_define_global_const(const char *name, VALUE val)
-
-前者は特定のクラス/モジュールに属する定数を定義するもの，後
-者はグローバルな定数を定義するものです．
-
-== Rubyの機能をCから呼び出す
-
-既に『1.5 Rubyのデータを操作する』で一部紹介したような関数を
-使えば，Rubyの機能を実現している関数を直接呼び出すことが出来
-ます．
-
-# このような関数の一覧表はいまのところありません．ソースを見
-# るしかないですね．
-
-それ以外にもRubyの機能を呼び出す方法はいくつかあります．
-
-=== Rubyのプログラムをevalする
-
-CからRubyの機能を呼び出すもっとも簡単な方法として，文字列で
-与えられたRubyのプログラムを評価する以下の関数があります．
-
-  VALUE rb_eval_string(const char *str)
-
-この評価は現在の環境で行われます．つまり，現在のローカル変数
-などを受け継ぎます．
-
-評価は例外を発生するかもしれないことに注意しましょう. より安全
-な関数もあります.
-
-  VALUE rb_eval_string_protect(const char *str, int *state)
-
-この関数はエラーが発生するとnilを返します．そして，成功時には
-*stateはゼロに，さもなくば非ゼロになります．
-
-=== IDまたはシンボル
-
-Cから文字列を経由せずにRubyのメソッドを呼び出すこともできま
-す．その前に，Rubyインタプリタ内でメソッドや変数名を指定する
-時に使われているIDについて説明しておきましょう．
-
-IDとは変数名，メソッド名を表す整数です．Rubyの中では
-
- :識別子
-
-または
-
- :"任意の文字列"
-
-でアクセスできます．Cからこの整数を得るためには関数
-
-  rb_intern(const char *name)
-  rb_intern_str(VALUE name)
-
-を使います．Rubyから引数として与えられたシンボル(または文字
-列)をIDに変換するには以下の関数を使います．
-
-  rb_to_id(VALUE symbol)
-  rb_check_id(volatile VALUE *name)
-  rb_check_id_cstr(const char *name, long len, rb_encoding *enc)
-
-もし引数がシンボルでも文字列でもなければ，to_strメソッドで文
-字列に変換しようとします．第二の関数はその変換結果を*nameに保
-存し,その名前が既知のシンボルでない場合は0を返します．この関
-数が0以外を返した場合は*nameは常にシンボルか文字列であり，0を
-返した場合は常に文字列です．第三の関数はRubyの文字列ではなく
-NUL終端されたCの文字列を使います．
-
-Rubyから引数として与えられたシンボル(または文字列)をシンボル
-に変換するには以下の関数を使います．
-
-  rb_to_symbol(VALUE name)
-  rb_check_symbol(volatile VALUE *namep)
-  rb_check_symbol_cstr(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc)
-
-これらの関数は，IDの代わりにシンボルを返すことを除けば上記の
-関数と同じです．
-
-=== CからRubyのメソッドを呼び出す
-
-Cから文字列を経由せずにRubyのメソッドを呼び出すためには以下
-の関数を使います．
-
-  VALUE rb_funcall(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, ...)
-
-この関数はオブジェクトrecvのmidで指定されるメソッドを呼び出
-します．その他に引数の指定の仕方が違う以下の関数もあります．
-
-  VALUE rb_funcall2(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, VALUE *argv)
-  VALUE rb_funcallv(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, VALUE *argv)
-  VALUE rb_apply(VALUE recv, ID mid, VALUE args)
-
-applyには引数としてRubyの配列を与えます．
-
-=== 変数/定数を参照/更新する
-
-Cから関数を使って参照・更新できるのは，定数，インスタンス変
-数です．大域変数は一部のものはCの大域変数としてアクセスでき
-ます．ローカル変数を参照する方法は公開していません．
-
-オブジェクトのインスタンス変数を参照・更新する関数は以下の通
-りです．
-
-  VALUE rb_ivar_get(VALUE obj, ID id)
-  VALUE rb_ivar_set(VALUE obj, ID id, VALUE val)
-
-idはrb_intern()で得られるものを使ってください．
-
-定数を参照するには以下の関数を使ってください．
-
-  VALUE rb_const_get(VALUE obj, ID id)
-
-定数を新しく定義するためには『2.1.3 定数定義』で紹介さ
-れている関数を使ってください．
-
-= RubyとCとの情報共有
-
-C言語とRubyの間で情報を共有する方法について解説します．
-
-== Cから参照できるRubyの定数
-
-以下のRubyの定数はCのレベルから参照できます．
-
-  Qtrue
-  Qfalse
-
-真偽値．QfalseはC言語でも偽とみなされます(つまり0)．
-
-  Qnil
-
-C言語から見た「nil」．
-
-== CとRubyで共有される大域変数
-
-CとRubyで大域変数を使って情報を共有できます．共有できる大域
-変数にはいくつかの種類があります．そのなかでもっとも良く使わ
-れると思われるのはrb_define_variable()です．
-
-  void rb_define_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var)
-
-この関数はRubyとCとで共有する大域変数を定義します．変数名が
-`$'で始まらない時には自動的に追加されます．この変数の値を変
-更すると自動的にRubyの対応する変数の値も変わります．
-
-またRuby側からは更新できない変数もあります．このread onlyの
-変数は以下の関数で定義します．
-
-  void rb_define_readonly_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var)
-
-これら変数の他にhookをつけた大域変数を定義できます．hook付き
-の大域変数は以下の関数を用いて定義します．hook付き大域変数の
-値の参照や設定はhookで行う必要があります．
-
-  void rb_define_hooked_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var,
-				 VALUE (*getter)(), void (*setter)())
-
-この関数はCの関数によってhookのつけられた大域変数を定義しま
-す．変数が参照された時には関数getterが，変数に値がセットされ
-た時には関数setterが呼ばれる．hookを指定しない場合はgetterや
-setterに0を指定します．
-# getterもsetterも0ならばrb_define_variable()と同じになる．
-
-getterとsetterの仕様は次の通りです．
-
-  VALUE (*getter)(ID id, VALUE *var);
-  void (*setter)(VALUE val, ID id, VALUE *var);
-
-
-それから，対応するCの変数を持たないRubyの大域変数を定義する
-こともできます. その変数の値はフック関数のみによって取得・設定
-されます.
-
-  void rb_define_virtual_variable(const char *name,
-				  VALUE (*getter)(), void (*setter)())
-
-この関数によって定義されたRubyの大域変数が参照された時には
-getterが，変数に値がセットされた時にはsetterが呼ばれます．
-
-getterとsetterの仕様は以下の通りです．
-
-  (*getter)(ID id);
-  (*setter)(VALUE val, ID id);
-
-== CのデータをRubyオブジェクトにする
-
-Cの世界で定義されたデータ(構造体)をRubyのオブジェクトとして
-取り扱いたい場合がありえます．このような場合には，Dataという
-RubyオブジェクトにCの構造体(へのポインタ)をくるむことでRuby
-オブジェクトとして取り扱えるようになります．
-
-Dataオブジェクトを生成して構造体をRubyオブジェクトにカプセル
-化するためには，以下のマクロを使います．
-
-  Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, mark, free, sval)
-
-このマクロの戻り値は生成されたDataオブジェクトです．
-
-klassはこのDataオブジェクトのクラスです．markはこの構造体が
-Rubyのオブジェクトへの参照がある時に使う関数です．そのような
-参照を含まない時には0を指定します．
-
-# そのような参照は勧められません．
-
-freeはこの構造体がもう不要になった時に呼ばれる関数です．この
-関数がガーベージコレクタから呼ばれます．これが-1の場合は，単
-純に開放されます．
-
-markおよびfree関数はGC実行中に呼び出されます.
-なお, GC実行中はRubyオブジェクトのアロケーションは禁止されま
-す. よって, markおよびfree関数でRubyオブジェクトのアロケーシ
-ョンは行わないでください.
-
-Cの構造体の割当とDataオブジェクトの生成を同時に行うマクロと
-して以下のものが提供されています．
-
-  Data_Make_Struct(klass, type, mark, free, sval)
-
-このマクロの戻り値は生成されたDataオブジェクトです．このマク
-ロは以下の式のように働きます:
-
-  (sval = ALLOC(type), Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, mark, free, sval))
-
-klass, mark, freeはData_Wrap_Structと同じ働きをします．type
-は割り当てるC構造体の型です．割り当てられた構造体は変数sval
-に代入されます．この変数の型は (type*) である必要があります．
-
-Dataオブジェクトからポインタを取り出すのは以下のマクロを用い
-ます．
-
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, type, sval)
-
-Cの構造体へのポインタは変数svalに代入されます．
-
-これらのDataの使い方はちょっと分かりにくいので，後で説明する
-例題を参照してください．
-
-= 例題 - dbmパッケージを作る
-
-ここまでの説明でとりあえず拡張ライブラリは作れるはずです．
-Rubyのextディレクトリにすでに含まれているdbmライブラリを例に
-して段階的に説明します．
-
-== ディレクトリを作る
-
-  % mkdir ext/dbm
-
-Ruby 1.1からは任意のディレクトリでダイナミックライブラリを作
-ることができるようになりました．Rubyに静的にリンクする場合に
-はRubyを展開したディレクトリの下，extディレクトリの中に拡張
-ライブラリ用のディレクトリを作る必要があります．名前は適当に
-選んで構いません．
-
-== 設計する
-
-まあ，当然なんですけど，どういう機能を実現するかどうかまず設
-計する必要があります．どんなクラスをつくるか，そのクラスには
-どんなメソッドがあるか，クラスが提供する定数などについて設計
-します．
-
-== Cコードを書く
-
-拡張ライブラリ本体となるC言語のソースを書きます．C言語のソー
-スがひとつの時には「ライブラリ名.c」を選ぶと良いでしょう．C
-言語のソースが複数の場合には逆に「ライブラリ名.c」というファ
-イル名は避ける必要があります．オブジェクトファイルとモジュー
-ル生成時に中間的に生成される「ライブラリ名.o」というファイル
-とが衝突するからです．また，後述する mkmf ライブラリのいくつ
-かの関数がコンパイルを要するテストのために「conftest.c」とい
-うファイル名を使用することに注意してください．ソースファイル
-名として「conftest.c」を使用してはなりません．
-
-Rubyは拡張ライブラリをロードする時に「Init_ライブラリ名」と
-いう関数を自動的に実行します．dbmライブラリの場合「Init_dbm」
-です．この関数の中でクラス，モジュール，メソッド，定数などの
-定義を行います．dbm.cから一部引用します．
-
-  void
-  Init_dbm(void)
-  {
-      /* DBMクラスを定義する */
-      VALUE cDBM = rb_define_class("DBM", rb_cObject);
-      /* DBMはEnumerableモジュールをインクルードする */
-      rb_include_module(cDBM, rb_mEnumerable);
-
-      /* DBMクラスのクラスメソッドopen(): 引数はCの配列で受ける */
-      rb_define_singleton_method(cDBM, "open", fdbm_s_open, -1);
-
-      /* DBMクラスのメソッドclose(): 引数はなし */
-      rb_define_method(cDBM, "close", fdbm_close, 0);
-      /* DBMクラスのメソッド[]: 引数は1個 */
-      rb_define_method(cDBM, "[]", fdbm_fetch, 1);
-
-      /* ... */
-
-      /* DBMデータを格納するインスタンス変数名のためのID */
-      id_dbm = rb_intern("dbm");
-  }
-
-DBMライブラリはdbmのデータと対応するオブジェクトになるはずで
-すから，Cの世界のdbmをRubyの世界に取り込む必要があります．
-
-dbm.cではData_Make_Structを以下のように使っています．
-
-  struct dbmdata {
-      int  di_size;
-      DBM *di_dbm;
-  };
-
-
-  obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, struct dbmdata, 0, free_dbm, dbmp);
-
-ここではdbmstruct構造体へのポインタをDataにカプセル化してい
-ます．DBM*を直接カプセル化しないのはclose()した時の処理を考
-えてのことです．
-
-Dataオブジェクトからdbmstruct構造体のポインタを取り出すため
-に以下のマクロを使っています．
-
-  #define GetDBM(obj, dbmp) do {\
-      Data_Get_Struct((obj), struct dbmdata, (dbmp));\
-      if ((dbmp) == 0) closed_dbm();\
-      if ((dbmp)->di_dbm == 0) closed_dbm();\
-  } while (0)
-
-ちょっと複雑なマクロですが，要するにdbmdata構造体のポインタ
-の取り出しと，closeされているかどうかのチェックをまとめてい
-るだけです．
-
-DBMクラスにはたくさんメソッドがありますが，分類すると3種類の
-引数の受け方があります．ひとつは引数の数が固定のもので，例と
-してはdeleteメソッドがあります．deleteメソッドを実装している
-fdbm_delete()はこのようになっています．
-
-  static VALUE
-  fdbm_delete(VALUE obj, VALUE keystr)
-  {
-      /* ... */
-  }
-
-引数の数が固定のタイプは第1引数がself，第2引数以降がメソッド
-の引数となります．
-
-引数の数が不定のものはCの配列で受けるものとRubyの配列で受け
-るものとがあります．dbmライブラリの中で，Cの配列で受けるもの
-はDBMのクラスメソッドであるopen()です．これを実装している関
-数fdbm_s_open()はこうなっています．
-
-  static VALUE
-  fdbm_s_open(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
-  {
-      /* ... */
-
-      if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &file, &vmode) == 1) {
-  	mode = 0666;		/* default value */
-      }
-
-      /* ... */
-  }
-
-このタイプの関数は第1引数が与えられた引数の数，第2引数が与え
-られた引数の入っている配列になります．selfは第3引数として与
-えられます．
-
-この配列で与えられた引数を解析するための関数がopen()でも使わ
-れているrb_scan_args()です．第3引数に指定したフォーマットに従
-い，第4変数以降に指定したVALUEへの参照に値を代入してくれま
-す．
-
-
-引数をRubyの配列として受け取るメソッドの例には
-Thread#initializeがあります．実装はこうです．
-
-  static VALUE
-  thread_initialize(VALUE thread, VALUE args)
-  {
-      /* ... */
-  }
-
-第1引数はself，第2引数はRubyの配列です．
-
-*注意事項*
-
-Rubyと共有はしないがRubyのオブジェクトを格納する可能性のある
-Cの大域変数は以下の関数を使ってRubyインタプリタに変数の存在
-を教えてあげてください．でないとGCでトラブルを起こします．
-
-  void rb_global_variable(VALUE *var)
-
-== extconf.rbを用意する
-
-Makefileを作る場合の雛型になるextconf.rbというファイルを作り
-ます．extconf.rbはライブラリのコンパイルに必要な条件のチェッ
-クなどを行うことが目的です．まず，
-
-  require 'mkmf'
-
-をextconf.rbの先頭に置きます．extconf.rbの中では以下のRuby関
-数を使うことが出来ます．
-
-  have_library(lib, func): ライブラリの存在チェック
-  have_func(func, header): 関数の存在チェック
-  have_header(header): ヘッダファイルの存在チェック
-  create_makefile(target[, target_prefix]): Makefileの生成
-
-以下の変数を使うことができます．
-
-  $CFLAGS: コンパイル時に追加的に指定するフラグ(-Oなど)
-  $CPPFLAGS: プリプロセッサに追加的に指定するフラグ(-Iや-Dなど)
-  $LDFLAGS: リンク時に追加的に指定するフラグ(-Lなど)
-  $objs: リンクされるオブジェクトファイル名のリスト
-
-オブジェクトファイルのリストは，通常はソースファイルを検索し
-て自動的に生成されますが，makeの途中でソースを生成するような
-場合は明示的に指定する必要があります．
-
-ライブラリをコンパイルする条件が揃わず，そのライブラリをコン
-パイルしない時にはcreate_makefileを呼ばなければMakefileは生
-成されず，コンパイルも行われません．
-
-== dependを用意する
-
-もし，ディレクトリにdependというファイルが存在すれば，
-Makefileが依存関係をチェックしてくれます．
-
-  % gcc -MM *.c > depend
-
-などで作ることが出来ます．あって損は無いでしょう．
-
-== Makefileを生成する
-
-Makefileを実際に生成するためには
-
-  ruby extconf.rb
-
-とします．extconf.rbに require 'mkmf' の行がない場合にはエラー
-になりますので，引数を追加して
-
-  ruby -r mkmf extconf.rb
-
-としてください．
-
-site_ruby ディレクトリでなく，
-vendor_ruby ディレクトリにインストールする場合には
-以下のように --vendor オプションを加えてください．
-
-  ruby extconf.rb --vendor
-
-ディレクトリをext以下に用意した場合にはRuby全体のmakeの時に
-自動的にMakefileが生成されますので，このステップは不要です．
-
-== makeする
-
-動的リンクライブラリを生成する場合にはその場でmakeしてくださ
-い．必要であれば make install でインストールされます．
-
-ext以下にディレクトリを用意した場合は，Rubyのディレクトリで
-makeを実行するとMakefileを生成からmake，必要によってはそのモ
-ジュールのRubyへのリンクまで自動的に実行してくれます．
-extconf.rbを書き換えるなどしてMakefileの再生成が必要な時はま
-たRubyディレクトリでmakeしてください．
-
-拡張ライブラリはmake installでRubyライブラリのディレクトリの
-下にコピーされます．もし拡張ライブラリと協調して使うRubyで記
-述されたプログラムがあり，Rubyライブラリに置きたい場合には，
-拡張ライブラリ用のディレクトリの下に lib というディレクトリ
-を作り，そこに 拡張子 .rb のファイルを置いておけば同時にイン
-ストールされます．
-
-== デバッグ
-
-まあ，デバッグしないと動かないでしょうね．ext/Setupにディレ
-クトリ名を書くと静的にリンクするのでデバッガが使えるようにな
-ります．その分コンパイルが遅くなりますけど．
-
-== できあがり
-
-後はこっそり使うなり，広く公開するなり，売るなり，ご自由にお
-使いください．Rubyの作者は拡張ライブラリに関して一切の権利を
-主張しません．
-
-= Appendix A. Rubyのソースコードの分類
-
-Rubyのソースはいくつかに分類することが出来ます．このうちクラ
-スライブラリの部分は基本的に拡張ライブラリと同じ作り方になっ
-ています．これらのソースは今までの説明でほとんど理解できると
-思います．
-
-== Ruby言語のコア
-
-class.c    :: クラスとモジュール
-error.c    :: 例外クラスと例外機構
-gc.c       :: 記憶領域管理
-load.c     :: ライブラリのロード
-object.c   :: オブジェクト
-variable.c :: 変数と定数
-
-== Rubyの構文解析器
-
-  parse.y       : 字句解析器と構文定義
-    -> parse.c  : 自動生成
-  defs/keywords : 予約語
-    -> lex.c    : 自動生成
-
-== Rubyの評価器 (通称YARV)
-  compile.c
-  eval.c
-  eval_error.c
-  eval_jump.c
-  eval_safe.c
-  insns.def           : 仮想機械語の定義
-  iseq.c              : VM::ISeqの実装
-  thread.c            : スレッド管理とコンテキスト切り替え
-  thread_win32.c      : スレッド実装
-  thread_pthread.c    : 同上
-  vm.c
-  vm_dump.c
-  vm_eval.c
-  vm_exec.c
-  vm_insnhelper.c
-  vm_method.c
-
-  defs/opt_insns_unif.def  : 命令融合
-  defs/opt_operand.def     : 最適化のための定義
-
-    -> insn*.inc           : 自動生成
-    -> opt*.inc            : 自動生成
-    -> vm.inc              : 自動生成
-
-== 正規表現エンジン (鬼車)
-
-  regex.c
-  regcomp.c
-  regenc.c
-  regerror.c
-  regexec.c
-  regparse.c
-  regsyntax.c
-
-== ユーティリティ関数
-
-debug.c    :: Cデバッガ用のデバッグシンボル
-dln.c      :: 動的ローディング
-st.c       :: 汎用ハッシュ表
-strftime.c :: 時刻整形
-util.c     :: その他のユーティリティ
-
-== Rubyコマンドの実装
-
-  dmyext.c
-  dmydln.c
-  dmyencoding.c
-  id.c
-  inits.c
-  main.c
-  ruby.c
-  version.c
-
-  gem_prelude.rb
-  prelude.rb
-
-== クラスライブラリ
-
-array.c      :: Array
-bignum.c     :: Bignum
-compar.c     :: Comparable
-complex.c    :: Complex
-cont.c       :: Fiber, Continuation
-dir.c        :: Dir
-enum.c       :: Enumerable
-enumerator.c :: Enumerator
-file.c       :: File
-hash.c       :: Hash
-io.c         :: IO
-marshal.c    :: Marshal
-math.c       :: Math
-numeric.c    :: Numeric, Integer, Fixnum, Float
-pack.c       :: Array#pack, String#unpack
-proc.c       :: Binding, Proc
-process.c    :: Process
-random.c     :: 乱数
-range.c      :: Range
-rational.c   :: Rational
-re.c         :: Regexp, MatchData
-signal.c     :: Signal
-sprintf.c    :: String#sprintf
-string.c     :: String
-struct.c     :: Struct
-time.c       :: Time
-defs/known_errors.def :: 例外クラス Errno::*
--> known_errors.inc   :: 自動生成
-
-== 多言語化
-
-encoding.c  :: Encoding
-transcode.c :: Encoding::Converter
-enc/*.c     :: エンコーディングクラス群
-enc/trans/* :: コードポイント対応表
-
-== gorubyコマンドの実装
-
-  goruby.c
-  golf_prelude.rb      : goruby固有のライブラリ
-    -> golf_prelude.c  : 自動生成
-
-= Appendix B. 拡張用関数リファレンス
-
-C言語からRubyの機能を利用するAPIは以下の通りである．
-
-== 型
-
-VALUE ::
-
-  Rubyオブジェクトを表現する型．必要に応じてキャストして用いる．
-  組み込み型を表現するCの型はruby.hに記述してあるRで始まる構造
-  体である．VALUE型をこれらにキャストするためにRで始まる構造体
-  名を全て大文字にした名前のマクロが用意されている．
-
-== 変数・定数
-
-Qnil ::
-
-  定数: nilオブジェクト
-
-Qtrue ::
-
-  定数: trueオブジェクト(真のデフォルト値)
-
-Qfalse ::
-
-  定数: falseオブジェクト
-
-== Cデータのカプセル化
-
-Data_Wrap_Struct(VALUE klass, void (*mark)(), void (*free)(), void *sval) ::
-
-  Cの任意のポインタをカプセル化したRubyオブジェクトを返す．こ
-  のポインタがRubyからアクセスされなくなった時，freeで指定した
-  関数が呼ばれる．また，このポインタの指すデータが他のRubyオブ
-  ジェクトを指している場合，markに指定する関数でマークする必要
-  がある．
-
-Data_Make_Struct(klass, type, mark, free, sval) ::
-
-  type型のメモリをmallocし，変数svalに代入した後，それをカプセ
-  ル化したデータを返すマクロ．
-
-Data_Get_Struct(data, type, sval) ::
-
-  dataからtype型のポインタを取り出し変数svalに代入するマクロ．
-
-== 型チェック
-
-  TYPE(value)
-  FIXNUM_P(value)
-  NIL_P(value)
-  void Check_Type(VALUE value, int type)
-  SafeStringValue(value)
-
-== 型変換
-
-  FIX2INT(value), INT2FIX(i)
-  FIX2LONG(value), LONG2FIX(l)
-  NUM2INT(value), INT2NUM(i)
-  NUM2UINT(value), UINT2NUM(ui)
-  NUM2LONG(value), LONG2NUM(l)
-  NUM2ULONG(value), ULONG2NUM(ul)
-  NUM2LL(value), LL2NUM(ll)
-  NUM2ULL(value), ULL2NUM(ull)
-  NUM2OFFT(value), OFFT2NUM(off)
-  NUM2SIZET(value), SIZET2NUM(size)
-  NUM2SSIZET(value), SSIZET2NUM(ssize)
-  rb_integer_pack(value, words, numwords, wordsize, nails, flags), rb_integer_unpack(words, numwords, wordsize, nails, flags)
-  NUM2DBL(value)
-  rb_float_new(f)
-  RSTRING_LEN(str)
-  RSTRING_PTR(str)
-  StringValue(value)
-  StringValuePtr(value)
-  StringValueCStr(value)
-  rb_str_new2(s)
-
-== クラス/モジュール定義
-
-VALUE rb_define_class(const char *name, VALUE super) ::
-
-  superのサブクラスとして新しいRubyクラスを定義する．
-
-VALUE rb_define_class_under(VALUE module, const char *name, VALUE super) ::
-
-  superのサブクラスとして新しいRubyクラスを定義し，moduleの
-  定数として定義する．
-
-VALUE rb_define_module(const char *name) ::
-
-  新しいRubyモジュールを定義する．
-
-VALUE rb_define_module_under(VALUE module, const char *name) ::
-
-  新しいRubyモジュールを定義し，moduleの定数として定義する．
-
-void rb_include_module(VALUE klass, VALUE module) ::
-
-  モジュールをインクルードする．classがすでにmoduleをインク
-  ルードしている時には何もしない(多重インクルードの禁止)．
-
-void rb_extend_object(VALUE object, VALUE module) ::
-
-  オブジェクトをモジュール(で定義されているメソッド)で拡張する．
-
-== 大域変数定義
-
-void rb_define_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var) ::
-
-  RubyとCとで共有するグローバル変数を定義する．変数名が`$'で
-  始まらない時には自動的に追加される．nameとしてRubyの識別子
-  として許されない文字(例えば` ')を含む場合にはRubyプログラ
-  ムからは見えなくなる．
-
-void rb_define_readonly_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var) ::
-
-  RubyとCとで共有するread onlyのグローバル変数を定義する．
-  read onlyであること以外はrb_define_variable()と同じ．
-
-void rb_define_virtual_variable(const char *name, VALUE (*getter)(), void (*setter)()) ::
-
-  関数によって実現されるRuby変数を定義する．変数が参照された
-  時にはgetterが，変数に値がセットされた時にはsetterが呼ばれ
-  る．
-
-void rb_define_hooked_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var, VALUE (*getter)(), void (*setter)()) ::
-
-  関数によってhookのつけられたグローバル変数を定義する．変数
-  が参照された時にはgetterが，関数に値がセットされた時には
-  setterが呼ばれる．getterやsetterに0を指定した時にはhookを
-  指定しないのと同じ事になる．
-
-void rb_global_variable(VALUE *var)
-
-  GCのため，Rubyプログラムからはアクセスされないが, Rubyオブ
-  ジェクトを含む大域変数をマークする．
-
-== 定数
-
-void rb_define_const(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE val) ::
-
-  定数を定義する．
-
-void rb_define_global_const(const char *name, VALUE val) ::
-
-  大域定数を定義する．
-
-    rb_define_const(rb_cObject, name, val)
-
-  と同じ意味．
-
-== メソッド定義
-
-rb_define_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(), int argc) ::
-
-  メソッドを定義する．argcはselfを除く引数の数．argcが-1の時,
-  関数には引数の数(selfを含まない)を第1引数, 引数の配列を第2
-  引数とする形式で与えられる(第3引数はself)．argcが-2の時,
-  第1引数がself, 第2引数がargs(argsは引数を含むRubyの配列)と
-  いう形式で与えられる．
-
-rb_define_private_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(), int argc) ::
-
-  privateメソッドを定義する．引数はrb_define_method()と同じ．
-
-rb_define_singleton_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(), int argc) ::
-
-  特異メソッドを定義する．引数はrb_define_method()と同じ．
-
-rb_scan_args(int argc, VALUE *argv, const char *fmt, ...) ::
-
-  argc, argv形式で与えられた指定されたフォーマットに従って引
-  数を分解し，続くVALUEへの参照にセットします．このフォーマッ
-  トは，ABNFで記述すると以下の通りです．
-
-    scan-arg-spec  := param-arg-spec [option-hash-arg-spec] [block-arg-spec]
-
-    param-arg-spec := pre-arg-spec [post-arg-spec] / post-arg-spec /
-                      pre-opt-post-arg-spec
-    pre-arg-spec   := num-of-leading-mandatory-args [num-of-optional-args]
-    post-arg-spec  := sym-for-variable-length-args
-                      [num-of-trailing-mandatory-args]
-    pre-opt-post-arg-spec := num-of-leading-mandatory-args num-of-optional-args
-                             num-of-trailing-mandatory-args
-    option-hash-arg-spec := sym-for-option-hash-arg
-    block-arg-spec := sym-for-block-arg
-
-    num-of-leading-mandatory-args  := DIGIT ; 先頭に置かれる省略不能な引数の数
-    num-of-optional-args           := DIGIT ; 続いて置かれる省略可能な引数の数
-    sym-for-variable-length-args   := "*"   ; 続いて置かれる可変長引数を
-                                            ; Rubyの配列で取得するための指定
-    num-of-trailing-mandatory-args := DIGIT ; 終端に置かれる省略不能な引数の数
-    sym-for-option-hash-arg        := ":"   ; オプションハッシュを取得する
-                                            ; ための指定; 省略不能な引数の
-                                            ; 数よりも多くの引数が指定され，
-                                            ; 最後の引数がハッシュ（または
-                                            ; #to_hashで変換可能）の場合に
-                                            ; 取得される．最後の引数がnilの
-                                            ; 場合，可変長引数指定がなく，
-                                            ; 省略不能引数の数よりも多くの
-                                            ; 引数が指定された場合に取得される
-    sym-for-block-arg              := "&"   ; イテレータブロックを取得するための
-                                            ; 指定
-
-  フォーマットが"12"の場合，引数は最低1つで，3つ(1+2)まで許さ
-  れるという意味になります．従って，フォーマット文字列に続い
-  て3つのVALUEへの参照を置く必要があります．それらには取得した
-  変数がセットされます．変数への参照の代わりにNULLを指定する
-  こともでき，その場合は取得した引数の値は捨てられます．なお，
-  省略可能引数が省略された時の変数の値はnil(C言語のレベルでは
-  Qnil)になります．
-
-  返り値は与えられた引数の数です．オプションハッシュおよびイ
-  テレータブロックは数えません．
-
-int rb_get_kwargs(VALUE keyword_hash, const ID *table, int required, int optional, VALUE *values)
-
-  キーワードで指定された値をtableにしたがって取り出します．
-  tableの最初のrequired個のIDは必須キーワードを表し，続く
-  optional (optionalが負の場合は-optional-1) 個のIDは省略可能
-  キーワードです．必須キーワードがkeyword_hash中にない場合，
-  "missing keyword"ArgumentErrorが発生します．省略可能キーワー
-  ドがない場合は，values中の対応する要素にはQundefがセットされ
-  ます．keyword_hashに使用されない要素がある場合は，optionalが
-  負なら無視されますが，そうでなければ"unknown keyword"
-  ArgumentErrorが発生します．
-
-VALUE rb_extract_keywords(VALUE *original_hash)
-
-  original_hashで参照されるHashオブジェクトから，Symbolである
-  キーとその値を新しいHashに取り出します．original_hashの指す
-  先には，元のHashがSymbol以外のキーを含んでいた場合はそれらが
-  コピーされた別の新しいHash，そうでなければ0が保存されます．
-
-== Rubyメソッド呼び出し
-
-VALUE rb_funcall(VALUE recv, ID mid, int narg, ...) ::
-
-  メソッド呼び出し．文字列からmidを得るためにはrb_intern()を
-  使う．
-  private/protectedなメソッドでも呼び出せる．
-
-VALUE rb_funcall2(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, VALUE *argv) ::
-VALUE rb_funcallv(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, VALUE *argv) ::
-
-  メソッド呼び出し．引数をargc, argv形式で渡す．
-  private/protectedなメソッドでも呼び出せる．
-
-VALUE rb_funcallv_public(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, VALUE *argv) ::
-
-  メソッド呼び出し．
-  publicなメソッドしか呼べない．
-
-VALUE rb_eval_string(const char *str)
-
-  文字列をRubyスクリプトとしてコンパイル・実行する．
-
-ID rb_intern(const char *name) ::
-
-  文字列に対応するIDを返す．
-
-char *rb_id2name(ID id) ::
-
-  IDに対応する文字列を返す(デバッグ用)．
-
-char *rb_class2name(VALUE klass) ::
-
-  クラスの名前を返す(デバッグ用)．クラスが名前を持たない時に
-  は, 祖先を遡って名前を持つクラスの名前を返す．
-
-int rb_respond_to(VALUE obj, ID id) ::
-
-  objがidで示されるメソッドを持つかどうかを返す．
-
-== インスタンス変数
-
-VALUE rb_iv_get(VALUE obj, const char *name) ::
-
-  objのインスタンス変数の値を得る．`@'で始まらないインスタン
-  ス変数は Rubyプログラムからアクセスできない「隠れた」イン
-  スタンス変数になる．定数は大文字の名前を持つクラス(または
-  モジュール)のインスタンス変数として実装されている．
-
-VALUE rb_iv_set(VALUE obj, const char *name, VALUE val) ::
-
-  objのインスタンス変数をvalにセットする．
-
-== 制御構造
-
-VALUE rb_block_call(VALUE obj, ID mid, int argc, VALUE * argv, VALUE (*func) (ANYARGS), VALUE data2) ::
-
-  funcをブロックとして設定し，objをレシーバ，argcとargvを引数
-  としてmidメソッドを呼び出す．funcは第一引数にyieldされた値，
-  第二引数にdata2を受け取る．複数の値がyieldされた場合(Cでは
-  rb_yield_values()とrb_yield_values2(), rb_yield_splat())，
-  data2はArrayとしてパックされている．第三, 第四引数のargcと
-  argvによってyieldされた値を取り出すことができる．
-
-[OBSOLETE] VALUE rb_iterate(VALUE (*func1)(), VALUE arg1, VALUE (*func2)(), VALUE arg2) ::
-
-  func2をブロックとして設定し, func1をイテレータとして呼ぶ．
-  func1には arg1が引数として渡され, func2には第1引数にイテレー
-  タから与えられた値, 第2引数にarg2が渡される．
-
-  1.9でrb_iterateを使う場合は, func1の中でRubyレベルのメソッド
-  を呼び出さなければならない.
-  1.9でobsoleteとなった. 代わりにrb_block_callが用意された.
-
-VALUE rb_yield(VALUE val) ::
-
-  valを値としてイテレータブロックを呼び出す．
-
-VALUE rb_rescue(VALUE (*func1)(), VALUE arg1, VALUE (*func2)(), VALUE arg2) ::
-
-  関数func1をarg1を引数に呼び出す．func1の実行中に例外が発生
-  した時には func2をarg2を引数として呼ぶ．戻り値は例外が発生
-  しなかった時はfunc1の戻り値, 例外が発生した時にはfunc2の戻
-  り値である．
-
-VALUE rb_ensure(VALUE (*func1)(), VALUE arg1, VALUE (*func2)(), VALUE arg2) ::
-
-  関数func1をarg1を引数として実行し, 実行終了後(たとえ例外が
-  発生しても) func2をarg2を引数として実行する．戻り値はfunc1
-  の戻り値である(例外が発生した時は戻らない)．
-
-VALUE rb_protect(VALUE (*func) (VALUE), VALUE arg, int *state) ::
-
-  関数funcをargを引数として実行し, 例外が発生しなければその戻
-  り値を返す．例外が発生した場合は, *stateに非0をセットして
-  Qnilを返す．
-  rb_jump_tag()を呼ばずに捕捉した例外を無視する場合には，
-  rb_set_errinfo(Qnil)でエラー情報をクリアしなければならない．
-
-void rb_jump_tag(int state) ::
-
-  rb_protect()やrb_eval_string_protect()で捕捉された例外を再
-  送する．stateはそれらの関数から返された値でなければならない．
-  この関数は直接の呼び出し元に戻らない．
-
-void rb_iter_break() ::
-
-  現在の最も内側のブロックを終了する．この関数は直接の呼び出
-  し元に戻らない．
-
-void rb_iter_break_value(VALUE value) ::
-
-  現在の最も内側のブロックをvalueで終了する．ブロックは引数で
-  与えられたvalueを返す．この関数は直接の呼び出し元に戻らない．
-
-== 例外・エラー
-
-void rb_warning(const char *fmt, ...) ::
-
-  rb_verbose時に標準エラー出力に警告情報を表示する．引数は
-  printf()と同じ．
-
-void rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, const char *fmt, ...) ::
-
-  RuntimeError例外を発生させる．引数はprintf()と同じ．
-
-void rb_raise(VALUE exception, const char *fmt, ...) ::
-
-  exceptionで指定した例外を発生させる．fmt以下の引数は
-  printf()と同じ．
-
-void rb_fatal(const char *fmt, ...) ::
-
-  致命的例外を発生させる．通常の例外処理は行なわれず, インター
-  プリタが終了する(ただしensureで指定されたコードは終了前に
-  実行される)．
-
-void rb_bug(const char *fmt, ...) ::
-
-  インタープリタなどプログラムのバグでしか発生するはずのない
-  状況の時呼ぶ．インタープリタはコアダンプし直ちに終了する．
-  例外処理は一切行なわれない．
-
-注意: "%"PRIsVALUEがObject#to_s('+'フラグが指定されていると
-きはObject#inspect)を使ったVALUEの出力に利用できる．これは
-"%i"と衝突するため，整数には"%d"を使用すること．
-
-== Rubyの初期化・実行
-
-Rubyをアプリケーションに埋め込む場合には以下のインタフェース
-を使う．通常の拡張ライブラリには必要ない．
-
-void ruby_init() ::
-
-  Rubyインタプリタの初期化を行なう．
-
-void *ruby_options(int argc, char **argv) ::
-
-  Rubyインタプリタのコマンドライン引数の処理を行ない，
-  Rubyのソースコードをコンパイルする．
-  コンパイルされたソースへのポインタ，もしくは特殊値を返す.
-
-int ruby_run_node(void *n) ::
-
-  コンパイルされたコードを実行する．
-  実行に成功した場合はEXIT_SUCCESSを，エラーが起こったときはそれ以外を返す．
-
-void ruby_script(char *name) ::
-
-  Rubyのスクリプト名($0)を設定する．
-
-== インタプリタのイベントのフック
-
-  void rb_add_event_hook(rb_event_hook_func_t func, rb_event_flag_t events,
-                         VALUE data)
-
-指定されたインタプリタのイベントに対するフック関数を追加します．
-eventsは以下の値のorでなければなりません:
-
-  RUBY_EVENT_LINE
-  RUBY_EVENT_CLASS
-  RUBY_EVENT_END
-  RUBY_EVENT_CALL
-  RUBY_EVENT_RETURN
-  RUBY_EVENT_C_CALL
-  RUBY_EVENT_C_RETURN
-  RUBY_EVENT_RAISE
-  RUBY_EVENT_ALL
-
-rb_event_hook_func_tの定義は以下の通りです:
-
-  typedef void (*rb_event_hook_func_t)(rb_event_t event, VALUE data,
-                                       VALUE self, ID id, VALUE klass)
-
-rb_add_event_hook() の第3引数 data は，フック関数の第2引数と
-して渡されます．これは1.8では現在のNODEへのポインタでした．以
-下の RB_EVENT_HOOKS_HAVE_CALLBACK_DATA も参照してください．
-
-  int rb_remove_event_hook(rb_event_hook_func_t func)
-
-指定されたフック関数を削除します．
-
-== 互換性のためのマクロ
-
-APIの互換性をチェックするために以下のマクロがデフォルトで定義されています．
-
-NORETURN_STYLE_NEW ::
-
-  NORETURN マクロが関数型マクロとして定義されていることを意味する．
-
-HAVE_RB_DEFINE_ALLOC_FUNC ::
-
-  rb_define_alloc_func() 関数が提供されていること，つまり
-  allocation framework が使われることを意味する．
-  have_func("rb_define_alloc_func", "ruby.h")
-  の結果と同じ．
-
-HAVE_RB_REG_NEW_STR ::
-
-  StringオブジェクトからRegexpオブジェクトを作る
-  rb_reg_new_str() 関数が提供されていることを意味する．
-  have_func("rb_reg_new_str", "ruby.h").
-  の結果と同じ．
-
-HAVE_RB_IO_T ::
-
-  rb_io_t 型が提供されていることを意味する．
-
-USE_SYMBOL_AS_METHOD_NAME ::
-
-  メソッド名を返すメソッド，Module#methods, #singleton_methods
-  などがSymbolを返すことを意味する．
-
-HAVE_RUBY_*_H ::
-
-  ruby.h で定義されている．対応するヘッダが提供されていること
-  を意味する．たとえば，HAVE_RUBY_ST_H が定義されている場合は
-  単なる st.h ではなく ruby/st.h を使用する．
-
-RB_EVENT_HOOKS_HAVE_CALLBACK_DATA ::
-
-  rb_add_event_hook() がフック関数に渡す data を第3引数として
-  受け取ることを意味する．
-
-= Appendix C. extconf.rbで使える関数たち
-
-extconf.rbの中では利用可能なコンパイル条件チェックの関数は以
-下の通りである．
-
-have_macro(macro, headers) ::
-
-  ヘッダファイルheaderをインクルードしてマクロmacroが定義さ
-  れているかどうかチェックする．マクロが定義されている時true
-  を返す．
-
-have_library(lib, func) ::
-
-  関数funcを定義しているライブラリlibの存在をチェックする．
-  チェックに成功すると，-llibを$libsに追加し，trueを返す．
-
-find_library(lib, func, path...) ::
-
-  関数funcを定義しているライブラリlibの存在を -Lpath を追加
-  しながらチェックする．チェックに成功すると，-llibを$libsに
-  追加し，trueを返す．
-
-have_func(func, header) ::
-
-  ヘッダファイルheaderをインクルードして関数funcの存在をチェ
-  ックする．funcが標準ではリンクされないライブラリ内のもので
-  ある時には先にhave_libraryでそのライブラリをチェックしてお
-  く事．チェックに成功すると，プリプロセッサマクロ
-  `HAVE_{FUNC}` を定義し，trueを返す．
-
-have_var(var, header) ::
-
-  ヘッダファイルheaderをインクルードして変数varの存在をチェッ
-  クする．varが標準ではリンクされないライブラリ内のものであ
-  る時には先にhave_libraryでそのライブラリをチェックしておく
-  事．チェックに成功すると，プリプロセッサマクロ
-  `HAVE_{VAR}` を定義し，trueを返す．
-
-have_header(header) ::
-
-  ヘッダファイルの存在をチェックする．チェックに成功すると，
-  プリプロセッサマクロ `HAVE_{HEADER_H}` を定義し，trueを返す．
-  (スラッシュやドットはアンダースコアに置換される)
-
-find_header(header, path...) ::
-
-  ヘッダファイルheaderの存在を -Ipath を追加しながらチェック
-  する．チェックに成功すると，プリプロセッサマクロ
-  `HAVE_{HEADER_H}` を定義し，trueを返す．
-  (スラッシュやドットはアンダースコアに置換される)
-
-have_struct_member(type, member[, header[, opt]]) ::
-
-  ヘッダファイルheaderをインクルードして型typeが定義され，
-  なおかつメンバmemberが存在するかをチェックする．チェックに
-  成功すると，プリプロセッサマクロ `HAVE_{TYPE}_{MEMBER}` を
-  定義し，trueを返す．
-
-have_type(type, header, opt) ::
-
-  ヘッダファイルheaderをインクルードして型typeが存在するかを
-  チェックする．チェックに成功すると，プリプロセッサマクロ
-  `HAVE_TYPE_{TYPE}` を定義し，trueを返す．
-
-check_sizeof(type, header) ::
-
-  ヘッダファイルheaderをインクルードして型typeのchar単位サイ
-  ズを調べる．チェックに成功すると，プリプロセッサマクロ
-  `SIZEOF_{TYPE}` を定義し，そのサイズを返す．定義されていな
-  いときはnilを返す．
-
-create_makefile(target[, target_prefix]) ::
-
-  拡張ライブラリ用のMakefileを生成する．この関数を呼ばなけれ
-  ばそのライブラリはコンパイルされない．targetはモジュール名
-  を表す．
-
-find_executable(command, path) ::
-
-  コマンドcommandをFile::PATH_SEPARATORで区切られたパス名の
-  リストpathから探す．pathがnilまたは省略された場合は，環境
-  変数PATHの値を使用する．実行可能なコマンドが見つかった場合
-  はパスを含むファイル名，見つからなかった場合はnilを返す．
-
-with_config(withval[, default=nil]) ::
-
-  コマンドライン上の--with-<withval>で指定されたオプション値
-  を得る．
-
-enable_config(config, *defaults) ::
-disable_config(config, *defaults) ::
-
-  コマンドライン上の--enable-<config>または
-  --disable-<config>で指定された真偽値を得る．
-  --enable-<config>が指定されていた場合はtrue，
-  --disable-<config>が指定されていた場合はfalseを返す．
-  どちらも指定されていない場合は，ブロックつきで呼び出されて
-  いる場合は*defaultsをyieldした結果，ブロックなしなら
-  *defaultsを返す．
-
-dir_config(target[, default_dir]) ::
-dir_config(target[, default_include, default_lib]) ::
-
-  コマンドライン上の--with-<target>-dir, --with-<target>-include,
-  --with-<target>-libのいずれかで指定されるディレクトリを
-  $CFLAGS や $LDFLAGS に追加する．--with-<target>-dir=/pathは
-  --with-<target>-include=/path/include --with-<target>-lib=/path/lib
-  と等価である．追加された include ディレクトリと lib ディレ
-  クトリの配列を返す． ([include_dir, lib_dir])
-
-pkg_config(pkg, option=nil) ::
-
-  pkg-configコマンドからパッケージpkgの情報を [cflags, ldflags, libs]
-  の配列として得る．$CFLAGS, $LDFLAGS, $libs にはそれぞれの値が
-  追加される．
-
-  pkg-configの実際のコマンドは，以下の順で試される．
-
-  1. コマンドラインで--with-{pkg}-config={command}オプションが
-     指定された場合: {command} {option}
-  2. {pkg}-config {option}
-  3. pkg-config {option} {pkg}
-
-  optionが指定された場合は，上記の配列の代わりにそのオプションを
-  指定して得られた出力をstripしたものを返す．
-
-= Appendix D. 世代別GC
-
-Ruby 2.1から世代別GCに対応しました．我々はこれをRGenGCと呼んでいます．
-RGenGCは，過去の拡張ライブラリに（ほぼ）互換性を保つように開発されている
-ため，拡張ライブラリ側の対応はほぼ不要です．
-
-ただし，対応をすることで性能を向上することができる可能性があります．もし
-拡張ライブラリに高い性能が必要である場合は対応を検討して下さい．
-
-とくにRARRAY_PTR()/RHASH_TBL()のようなマクロを用いてポインタに直接アクセ
-スするようなコードは書かないようにして下さい．代わりに，rb_ary_aref(),
-rb_ary_store() などの，適切な API 関数を利用するようにして下さい．
-
-そのほか，対応についての詳細は README.EXT の「Appendix D. Generational
-GC」を参照して下さい．
-
-/*
- * Local variables:
- * fill-column: 60
- * end:
- */
+doc/extension.ja.rdocに移動しました
diff --git a/README.ja.md b/README.ja.md
index 1e9bae7e0c..6663b94680 100644
--- a/README.ja.md
+++ b/README.ja.md
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/ruby/ruby.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/ruby/ruby)
+[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/0sy8rrxut4o0k960/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/ruby/ruby/branch/master)
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/macOS/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"macOS")
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/MinGW/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"MinGW")
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/MJIT/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"MJIT")
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Ubuntu/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Ubuntu")
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Windows/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Windows")
+
 # Rubyとは
 
 Rubyはシンプルかつ強力なオブジェクト指向スクリプト言語です． Rubyは純粋なオブジェクト指向言語として設計されているので，
@@ -10,83 +18,86 @@ Rubyはテキスト処理関係の能力などに優れ，Perlと同じくらい
 
 *   シンプルな文法
 *   普通のオブジェクト指向機能(クラス，メソッドコールなど)
-*   特殊なオブジェクト指向機能(Mixin, 特異メソッドなど)
+*   特殊なオブジェクト指向機能(Mixin，特異メソッドなど)
 *   演算子オーバーロード
 *   例外処理機能
 *   イテレータとクロージャ
 *   ガーベージコレクタ
 *   ダイナミックローディング (アーキテクチャによる)
-*   移植性が高い．多くのUnix-like/POSIX互換プラットフォーム上で動くだけでなく，Windows， Mac OS
-    X，BeOSなどの上でも動く cf.
-    http://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-trunk/wiki/SupportedPlatformsJa
+*   移植性が高い．多くのUnix-like/POSIX互換プラットフォーム上で動くだけでなく，Windows， macOS，
+    Haikuなどの上でも動く cf.
+    https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/master/doc/contributing.rdoc#platform-maintainers
 
 
 ## 入手法
 
-### FTPで
+サードパーティーツールを使った方法を含むRubyのインストール方法の一覧は
+
+https://www.ruby-lang.org/ja/downloads/
+
+を参照してください．
+
+### Git
 
-以下の場所においてあります．
+ミラーをGitHubに公開しています． 以下のコマンドでリポジトリを取得できます．
 
-ftp://ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/
+    $ git clone https://github.com/ruby/ruby.git
 
-### Subversionで
+他のブランチの一覧は次のコマンドで見られます．
 
-開発先端のソースコードは次のコマンドで取得できます．
+    $ git ls-remote https://github.com/ruby/ruby.git
 
-    $ svn co http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/trunk/ ruby
+Rubyリポジトリの本来のmasterは https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git にあります．
+コミッタはこちらを使います．
 
-他に開発中のブランチの一覧は次のコマンドで見られます．
+### Subversion
 
-    $ svn ls http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/
+古いRubyのバージョンのソースコードは次のコマンドでも取得できます．
 
-### Gitで
+    $ svn co https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/ruby_2_6/ ruby
 
-SubversionのミラーをGitHubに公開しています． 以下のコマンドでリポジトリを取得できます．
+他のブランチの一覧は次のコマンドで見られます．
+
+    $ svn ls https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/
 
-    $ git clone git://github.com/ruby/ruby.git
 
 ## ホームページ
 
 RubyのホームページのURLは
 
-http://www.ruby-lang.org/
+https://www.ruby-lang.org/
 
 です．
 
 ## メーリングリスト
 
-Rubyのメーリングリストがあります。参加希望の方は
-
-mailto:ruby-list-request@ruby-lang.org
-
-まで本文に
+Rubyのメーリングリストがあります．参加希望の方は [ruby-list-request@ruby-lang.org] まで本文に
 
     subscribe
 
-と書いて送って下さい。
-
-Ruby開発者向けメーリングリストもあります。こちらではrubyのバグ、将来の仕様拡張など実装上の問題について議論されています。 参加希望の方は
+と書いて送って下さい．
 
-mailto:ruby-dev-request@ruby-lang.org
-
-までruby-listと同様の方法でメールしてください。
+Ruby開発者向けメーリングリストもあります．こちらではrubyのバグ，将来の仕様拡張など実装上の問題について議論されています．
+参加希望の方は [ruby-dev-request@ruby-lang.org] までruby-listと同様の方法でメールしてください．
 
 Ruby拡張モジュールについて話し合うruby-extメーリングリストと数学関係の話題について話し合うruby-mathメーリングリストと
-英語でrubyについて話し合うruby-talkメーリングリストもあります。参加方法はどれも同じです。
+英語でrubyについて話し合うruby-talkメーリングリストもあります．参加方法はどれも同じです．
+
+[ruby-list-request@ruby-lang.org]: mailto:ruby-list-request@ruby-lang.org?subject=Join%20Ruby%20Mailing%20List&body=subscribe
+[ruby-dev-request@ruby-lang.org]: mailto:ruby-dev-request@ruby-lang.org?subject=Join%20Ruby%20Mailing%20List&body=subscribe
 
 ## コンパイル・インストール
 
 以下の手順で行ってください．
 
-1.  もし `configure` ファイルが見つからない、もしくは `configure.in` より古いようなら、 `autoconf` を実行して
-    新しく `configure` を生成する
+1.  (Gitリポジトリから取得したソースをビルドする場合) `./autogen.sh` を実行して新しく `configure` を生成する
 
 2.  `configure` を実行して `Makefile` などを生成する
 
     環境によってはデフォルトのCコンパイラ用オプションが付きます． `configure` オプションで `optflags=..`
     `warnflags=..` 等で上書きできます．
 
-3.  (必要ならば)`defines.h` を編集する
+3.  (必要ならば)`include/ruby/defines.h` を編集する
 
     多分，必要無いと思います．
 
@@ -95,7 +106,8 @@ Ruby拡張モジュールについて話し合うruby-extメーリングリス�
     `ext/Setup` に記述したモジュールは静的にリンクされます．
 
     ダイナミックローディングをサポートしていないアーキテクチャでは `Setup` の1行目の「`option nodynamic`」という行のコ
-    メントを外す必要があります．また，このアーキテクチャで拡張モジュールを利用するためには，あらかじめ静的にリンクをしておく必要があります．
+    メントを外す必要があります．
+    また，このアーキテクチャで拡張モジュールを利用するためには，あらかじめ静的にリンクをしておく必要があります．
 
 5.  `make` を実行してコンパイルする
 
@@ -109,20 +121,17 @@ Ruby拡張モジュールについて話し合うruby-extメーリングリス�
 
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/bin`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFOR
-        M}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${P
-        LATFORM}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/$
-        {PLATFORM}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/gems/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/man/man1`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/ri/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/system`
@@ -147,17 +156,25 @@ UNIXであれば `configure` がほとんどの差異を吸収してくれるは
 のアーキテクチャが`setjmp()`または`getcontext()`によって全てのレジスタを `jmp_buf` や `ucontext_t`
 に格納することと， `jmp_buf` や `ucontext_t` とスタックが32bitアラインメントされていることを仮定
 しています．特に前者が成立しない場合の対応は非常に困難でしょう． 後者の解決は比較的簡単で， `gc.c` でスタックをマークしている
-部分にアラインメントのバイト数だけずらしてマークするコードを追加するだけで済みます．`defined(_\*mc68000*\_)`で括られてい
+部分にアラインメントのバイト数だけずらしてマークするコードを追加するだけで済みます．`defined(__mc68000__)`で括られてい
 る部分を参考にしてください．
 
 レジスタウィンドウを持つCPUでは，レジスタウィンドウをスタックにフラッシュするアセンブラコードを追加する必要があるかもしれません．
 
 ## 配布条件
 
-`COPYING.ja` ファイルを参照してください。
+[COPYING.ja](COPYING.ja) ファイルを参照してください．
+
+## フィードバック
+
+Rubyに関する質問は Ruby-Talk（英語）や Ruby-List（日本語） (https://www.ruby-lang.org/ja/community/mailing-lists) や，
+stackoverflow (https://ja.stackoverflow.com/) などのWebサイトに投稿してください．
+
+バグ報告は https://bugs.ruby-lang.org で受け付けています．
+
 
 ## 著者
 
-コメント，バグレポートその他は mailto:matz@ruby-lang.org まで．
----
-created at: Thu Aug  3 11:57:36 JST 1995
+Rubyのオリジナル版は，1995年にまつもとゆきひろ氏によって設計・開発されました．
+
+<mailto:matz@ruby-lang.org>
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index c6498a8cca..bd7c7813a7 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,87 +1,96 @@
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/ruby/ruby.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/ruby/ruby)
+[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/0sy8rrxut4o0k960/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/ruby/ruby/branch/master)
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/macOS/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"macOS")
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/MinGW/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"MinGW")
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/MJIT/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"MJIT")
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Ubuntu/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Ubuntu")
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Windows/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Windows")
+
 # What's Ruby
 
-Ruby is the interpreted scripting language for quick and easy object-oriented
-programming.  It has many features to process text files and to do system
-management tasks (as in Perl).  It is simple, straight-forward, and
-extensible.
+Ruby is an interpreted object-oriented programming language often
+used for web development. It also offers many scripting features
+to process plain text and serialized files, or manage system tasks.
+It is simple, straightforward, and extensible.
 
 ## Features of Ruby
 
 *   Simple Syntax
-*   **Normal** Object-Oriented features(ex. class, method calls)
-*   **Advanced** Object-Oriented features(ex. Mix-in, Singleton-method)
+*   **Normal** Object-oriented Features (e.g. class, method calls)
+*   **Advanced** Object-oriented Features (e.g. mix-in, singleton-method)
 *   Operator Overloading
 *   Exception Handling
 *   Iterators and Closures
 *   Garbage Collection
-*   Dynamic Loading of Object files(on some architecture)
+*   Dynamic Loading of Object Files (on some architectures)
 *   Highly Portable (works on many Unix-like/POSIX compatible platforms as
-    well as Windows, Mac OS X, BeOS etc.) cf.
-    http://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-trunk/wiki/SupportedPlatforms
+    well as Windows, macOS, etc.) cf.
+    https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/master/doc/contributing.rdoc#label-Platform+Maintainers
 
 
 ## How to get Ruby
 
-For a complete list of ways to install Ruby, including using third party tools
+For a complete list of ways to install Ruby, including using third-party tools
 like rvm, see:
 
-http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/
+https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/
+
+### Git
 
-The Ruby distribution files can be found in the following FTP site:
+The mirror of the Ruby source tree can be checked out with the following command:
 
-ftp://ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/
+    $ git clone https://github.com/ruby/ruby.git
 
-The trunk of the Ruby source tree can be checked out with the following
-command:
+There are some other branches under development. Try the following command
+to see the list of branches:
 
-    $ svn co http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/trunk/ ruby
+    $ git ls-remote https://github.com/ruby/ruby.git
 
-Or if you are using git then use the following command:
+You may also want to use https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git (actual master of Ruby source)
+if you are a committer.
 
-    $ git clone git://github.com/ruby/ruby.git
+### Subversion
 
-There are some other branches under development.  Try the following command
-and see the list of branches:
+Stable branches for older Ruby versions can be checked out with also the
+following command:
 
-    $ svn ls http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/
+    $ svn co https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/ruby_2_6/ ruby
 
-Or if you are using git then use the following command:
+Try the following command to see the list of branches:
 
-    $ git ls-remote git://github.com/ruby/ruby.git
+    $ svn ls https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/
 
-## Ruby home-page
 
-The URL of the Ruby home-page is:
+## Ruby home page
 
-http://www.ruby-lang.org/
+https://www.ruby-lang.org/
 
 ## Mailing list
 
-There is a mailing list to talk about Ruby. To subscribe this list, please
-send the following phrase
+There is a mailing list to discuss Ruby. To subscribe to this list, please
+send the following phrase:
 
     subscribe
 
-in the mail body (not subject) to the address
-<mailto:ruby-talk-request@ruby-lang.org>.
+in the mail body (not subject) to the address [ruby-talk-request@ruby-lang.org].
 
-## How to compile and install
+[ruby-talk-request@ruby-lang.org]: mailto:ruby-talk-request@ruby-lang.org?subject=Join%20Ruby%20Mailing%20List&body=subscribe
 
-This is what you need to do to compile and install Ruby:
+## How to compile and install
 
-1.  If you want to use Microsoft Visual C++ to compile ruby, read
-    win32/README.win32 instead of this document.
+1.  If you want to use Microsoft Visual C++ to compile Ruby, read
+    [win32/README.win32](win32/README.win32) instead of this document.
 
-2.  If `./configure` does not exist or is older than configure.in, run
-    autoconf to (re)generate configure.
+2.  Run `./autogen.sh` to generate configure, when you build the source checked
+    out from the Git repository.
 
-3.  Run `./configure`, which will generate config.h and Makefile.
+3.  Run `./configure`, which will generate `config.h` and `Makefile`.
 
     Some C compiler flags may be added by default depending on your
-    environment.  Specify `optflags=..` and `warnflags=..` as necessary to
+    environment. Specify `optflags=..` and `warnflags=..` as necessary to
     override them.
 
-4.  Edit `defines.h` if you need. Usually this step will not be needed.
+4.  Edit `include/ruby/defines.h` if you need. Usually this step will not be needed.
 
 5.  Remove comment mark(`#`) before the module names from `ext/Setup` (or add
     module names if not present), if you want to link modules statically.
@@ -94,31 +103,31 @@ This is what you need to do to compile and install Ruby:
 
 6.  Run `make`.
 
+    * On Mac, set RUBY\_CODESIGN environment variable with a signing identity.
+      It uses the identity to sign `ruby` binary. See also codesign(1).
+
 7.  Optionally, run '`make check`' to check whether the compiled Ruby
     interpreter works well. If you see the message "`check succeeded`", your
-    ruby works as it should (hopefully).
+    Ruby works as it should (hopefully).
 
-8.  Run '`make install`'
+8.  Run '`make install`'.
 
-    This command will create following directories and install files onto
+    This command will create the following directories and install files into
     them.
 
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/bin`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFOR
-        M}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${P
-        LATFORM}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
-    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/$
-        {PLATFORM}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/gems/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/man/man1`
     *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/ri/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/system`
@@ -130,32 +139,35 @@ This is what you need to do to compile and install Ruby:
     **NOTE**: teeny of the API version may be different from one of Ruby's
     program version
 
-    You may have to be a super user to install ruby.
+    You may have to be a super user to install Ruby.
 
-
-If you fail to compile ruby, please send the detailed error report with the
+If you fail to compile Ruby, please send the detailed error report with the
 error log and machine/OS type, to help others.
 
 Some extension libraries may not get compiled because of lack of necessary
-external libraries and/or headers, then you will need to run '`make
-distclean-ext`' to remove old configuration after installing them in such
-case.
+external libraries and/or headers, then you will need to run '`make distclean-ext`'
+to remove old configuration after installing them in such case.
 
 ## Copying
 
-See the file `COPYING`.
+See the file [COPYING](COPYING).
 
 ## Feedback
 
 Questions about the Ruby language can be asked on the Ruby-Talk mailing list
-(http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/community/mailing-lists) or on websites like
-(http://stackoverflow.com).
+(https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/community/mailing-lists) or on websites like
+(https://stackoverflow.com).
+
+Bugs should be reported at https://bugs.ruby-lang.org. Read [HowToReport] for more information.
+
+[HowToReport]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby/wiki/HowToReport
+
+## Contributing
 
-Bug reports should be filed at http://bugs.ruby-lang.org
+See the file [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md)
 
 ## The Author
 
-Ruby was originally designed and developed by Yukihiro Matsumoto (Matz) in
-1995.
+Ruby was originally designed and developed by Yukihiro Matsumoto (Matz) in 1995.
 
-<mailto:matz@ruby-lang.org>
+<matz@ruby-lang.org>
diff --git a/aclocal.m4 b/aclocal.m4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/aclocal.m4
diff --git a/addr2line.c b/addr2line.c
index c8faf48d62..0029cffbca 100644
--- a/addr2line.c
+++ b/addr2line.c
@@ -8,14 +8,26 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#include "ruby/config.h"
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu-empty-initializer"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgcc-compat"
+#endif
+
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
+#include "ruby/defines.h"
 #include "ruby/missing.h"
 #include "addr2line.h"
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
-#ifdef USE_ELF
+#ifdef HAVE_LIBPROC_H
+#include <libproc.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "ruby/internal/stdbool.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ELF) || defined(HAVE_MACH_O_LOADER_H)
 
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <limits.h>
@@ -28,19 +40,11 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#ifdef __OpenBSD__
-#include <elf_abi.h>
-#else
-#include <elf.h>
-#endif
-
 /* Make alloca work the best possible way.  */
 #ifdef __GNUC__
-# ifndef atarist
-#  ifndef alloca
-#   define alloca __builtin_alloca
-#  endif
-# endif	/* atarist */
+# ifndef alloca
+#  define alloca __builtin_alloca
+# endif
 #else
 # ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
 #  include <alloca.h>
@@ -59,24 +63,20 @@ void *alloca();
 # include <dlfcn.h>
 #endif
 
-#define DW_LNS_copy                     0x01
-#define DW_LNS_advance_pc               0x02
-#define DW_LNS_advance_line             0x03
-#define DW_LNS_set_file                 0x04
-#define DW_LNS_set_column               0x05
-#define DW_LNS_negate_stmt              0x06
-#define DW_LNS_set_basic_block          0x07
-#define DW_LNS_const_add_pc             0x08
-#define DW_LNS_fixed_advance_pc         0x09
-#define DW_LNS_set_prologue_end         0x0a /* DWARF3 */
-#define DW_LNS_set_epilogue_begin       0x0b /* DWARF3 */
-#define DW_LNS_set_isa                  0x0c /* DWARF3 */
+#ifdef HAVE_MACH_O_LOADER_H
+# include <crt_externs.h>
+# include <mach-o/fat.h>
+# include <mach-o/loader.h>
+# include <mach-o/nlist.h>
+# include <mach-o/stab.h>
+#endif
 
-/* Line number extended opcode name. */
-#define DW_LNE_end_sequence             0x01
-#define DW_LNE_set_address              0x02
-#define DW_LNE_define_file              0x03
-#define DW_LNE_set_discriminator        0x04  /* DWARF4 */
+#ifdef USE_ELF
+# ifdef __OpenBSD__
+#  include <elf_abi.h>
+# else
+#  include <elf.h>
+# endif
 
 #ifndef ElfW
 # if SIZEOF_VOIDP == 8
@@ -92,13 +92,44 @@ void *alloca();
 #  define ELF_ST_TYPE ELF32_ST_TYPE
 # endif
 #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SHF_COMPRESSED
+# if defined(ELFCOMPRESS_ZLIB) && defined(HAVE_LIBZ)
+   /* FreeBSD 11.0 lacks ELFCOMPRESS_ZLIB */
+#  include <zlib.h>
+#  define SUPPORT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_LINE
+# endif
+#else /* compatibility with glibc < 2.22 */
+# define SHF_COMPRESSED 0
+#endif
+
 #ifndef PATH_MAX
 #define PATH_MAX 4096
 #endif
 
-int kprintf(const char *fmt, ...);
+#define DW_LNS_copy                     0x01
+#define DW_LNS_advance_pc               0x02
+#define DW_LNS_advance_line             0x03
+#define DW_LNS_set_file                 0x04
+#define DW_LNS_set_column               0x05
+#define DW_LNS_negate_stmt              0x06
+#define DW_LNS_set_basic_block          0x07
+#define DW_LNS_const_add_pc             0x08
+#define DW_LNS_fixed_advance_pc         0x09
+#define DW_LNS_set_prologue_end         0x0a /* DWARF3 */
+#define DW_LNS_set_epilogue_begin       0x0b /* DWARF3 */
+#define DW_LNS_set_isa                  0x0c /* DWARF3 */
 
-typedef struct {
+/* Line number extended opcode name. */
+#define DW_LNE_end_sequence             0x01
+#define DW_LNE_set_address              0x02
+#define DW_LNE_define_file              0x03
+#define DW_LNE_set_discriminator        0x04  /* DWARF4 */
+
+PRINTF_ARGS(static int kprintf(const char *fmt, ...), 1, 2);
+
+typedef struct line_info {
     const char *dirname;
     const char *filename;
     const char *path; /* object path */
@@ -107,19 +138,56 @@ typedef struct {
     uintptr_t base_addr;
     uintptr_t saddr;
     const char *sname; /* function name */
+
+    struct line_info *next;
 } line_info_t;
-typedef struct obj_info obj_info_t;
-struct obj_info {
+
+struct dwarf_section {
+    char *ptr;
+    size_t size;
+    uint64_t flags;
+};
+
+typedef struct obj_info {
     const char *path; /* object path */
-    int fd;
-    void *mapped;
+    char *mapped;
     size_t mapped_size;
+    void *uncompressed;
     uintptr_t base_addr;
-    obj_info_t *next;
+    uintptr_t vmaddr;
+    struct dwarf_section debug_abbrev;
+    struct dwarf_section debug_info;
+    struct dwarf_section debug_line;
+    struct dwarf_section debug_ranges;
+    struct dwarf_section debug_str;
+    struct obj_info *next;
+} obj_info_t;
+
+#define DWARF_SECTION_COUNT 5
+
+static struct dwarf_section *
+obj_dwarf_section_at(obj_info_t *obj, int n)
+{
+    struct dwarf_section *ary[] = {
+        &obj->debug_abbrev,
+        &obj->debug_info,
+        &obj->debug_line,
+        &obj->debug_ranges,
+        &obj->debug_str
+    };
+    if (n < 0 || DWARF_SECTION_COUNT <= n) {
+        abort();
+    }
+    return ary[n];
+}
+
+struct debug_section_definition {
+    const char *name;
+    struct dwarf_section *dwarf;
 };
 
 /* Avoid consuming stack as this module may be used from signal handler */
-static char binary_filename[PATH_MAX];
+static char binary_filename[PATH_MAX + 1];
 
 static unsigned long
 uleb128(char **p)
@@ -179,8 +247,7 @@ get_nth_dirname(unsigned long dir, char *p)
 }
 
 static void
-fill_filename(int file, char *include_directories, char *filenames,
-	      line_info_t *line)
+fill_filename(int file, char *include_directories, char *filenames, line_info_t *line, obj_info_t *obj)
 {
     int i;
     char *p = filenames;
@@ -190,8 +257,8 @@ fill_filename(int file, char *include_directories, char *filenames,
 	filename = p;
 	if (!*p) {
 	    /* Need to output binary file name? */
-	    kprintf("Unexpected file number %d in %s\n",
-		    file, binary_filename);
+	    kprintf("Unexpected file number %d in %s at %tx\n",
+		    file, binary_filename, filenames - obj->mapped);
 	    return;
 	}
 	while (*p) p++;
@@ -215,100 +282,128 @@ fill_line(int num_traces, void **traces, uintptr_t addr, int file, int line,
 	  obj_info_t *obj, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
 {
     int i;
-    addr += obj->base_addr;
+    addr += obj->base_addr - obj->vmaddr;
     for (i = offset; i < num_traces; i++) {
 	uintptr_t a = (uintptr_t)traces[i];
 	/* We assume one line code doesn't result >100 bytes of native code.
        We may want more reliable way eventually... */
 	if (addr < a && a < addr + 100) {
-	    fill_filename(file, include_directories, filenames, &lines[i]);
+	    fill_filename(file, include_directories, filenames, &lines[i], obj);
 	    lines[i].line = line;
 	}
     }
 }
 
-static void
-parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces, char **debug_line,
-		obj_info_t *obj, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
-{
-    char *p, *cu_end, *cu_start, *include_directories, *filenames;
-    unsigned long unit_length;
-    int default_is_stmt, line_base;
-    unsigned int header_length, minimum_instruction_length, line_range,
-		 opcode_base;
-    /* unsigned char *standard_opcode_lengths; */
-
-    /* The registers. */
-    unsigned long addr = 0;
-    unsigned int file = 1;
-    unsigned int line = 1;
-    /* unsigned int column = 0; */
-    int is_stmt;
-    /* int basic_block = 0; */
-    /* int end_sequence = 0; */
-    /* int prologue_end = 0; */
-    /* int epilogue_begin = 0; */
-    /* unsigned int isa = 0; */
-
-    p = *debug_line;
+struct LineNumberProgramHeader {
+    uint64_t unit_length;
+    uint16_t version;
+    uint8_t format; /* 4 or 8 */
+    uint64_t header_length;
+    uint8_t minimum_instruction_length;
+    uint8_t maximum_operations_per_instruction;
+    uint8_t default_is_stmt;
+    int8_t line_base;
+    uint8_t line_range;
+    uint8_t opcode_base;
+    /* uint8_t standard_opcode_lengths[opcode_base-1]; */
+    const char *include_directories;
+    const char *filenames;
+    const char *cu_start;
+    const char *cu_end;
+};
 
-    unit_length = *(unsigned int *)p;
-    p += sizeof(unsigned int);
-    if (unit_length == 0xffffffff) {
-	unit_length = *(unsigned long *)p;
-	p += sizeof(unsigned long);
+static int
+parse_debug_line_header(const char **pp, struct LineNumberProgramHeader *header)
+{
+    const char *p = *pp;
+    header->unit_length = *(uint32_t *)p;
+    p += sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+    header->format = 4;
+    if (header->unit_length == 0xffffffff) {
+	header->unit_length = *(uint64_t *)p;
+	p += sizeof(uint64_t);
+        header->format = 8;
     }
 
-    cu_end = p + unit_length;
-
-    /*dwarf_version = *(unsigned short *)p;*/
-    p += 2;
+    header->cu_end = p + header->unit_length;
 
-    header_length = *(unsigned int *)p;
-    p += sizeof(unsigned int);
+    header->version = *(uint16_t *)p;
+    p += sizeof(uint16_t);
+    if (header->version > 4) return -1;
 
-    cu_start = p + header_length;
+    header->header_length = header->format == 4 ? *(uint32_t *)p : *(uint64_t *)p;
+    p += header->format;
+    header->cu_start = p + header->header_length;
 
-    minimum_instruction_length = *(unsigned char *)p;
-    p++;
+    header->minimum_instruction_length = *(uint8_t *)p++;
 
-    is_stmt = default_is_stmt = *(unsigned char *)p;
-    p++;
-
-    line_base = *(signed char *)p;
-    p++;
-
-    line_range = *(unsigned char *)p;
-    p++;
+    if (header->version >= 4) {
+        /* maximum_operations_per_instruction = *(uint8_t *)p; */
+        if (*p != 1) return -1; /* For non-VLIW architectures, this field is 1 */
+        p++;
+    }
 
-    opcode_base = *(unsigned char *)p;
-    p++;
+    header->default_is_stmt = *(uint8_t *)p++;
+    header->line_base = *(int8_t *)p++;
+    header->line_range = *(uint8_t *)p++;
+    header->opcode_base = *(uint8_t *)p++;
+    /* header->standard_opcode_lengths = (uint8_t *)p - 1; */
+    p += header->opcode_base - 1;
 
-    /* standard_opcode_lengths = (unsigned char *)p - 1; */
-    p += opcode_base - 1;
+    header->include_directories = p;
 
-    include_directories = p;
+    /* temporary measure for compress-debug-sections */
+    if (p >= header->cu_end) return -1;
 
     /* skip include directories */
     while (*p) {
-	while (*p) p++;
+	p = memchr(p, '\0', header->cu_end - p);
+	if (!p) return -1;
 	p++;
     }
     p++;
 
-    filenames = p;
+    header->filenames = p;
+
+    *pp = header->cu_start;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces, char **debug_line,
+		obj_info_t *obj, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
+{
+    const char *p = (const char *)*debug_line;
+    struct LineNumberProgramHeader header;
+
+    /* The registers. */
+    unsigned long addr = 0;
+    unsigned int file = 1;
+    unsigned int line = 1;
+    /* unsigned int column = 0; */
+    int is_stmt;
+    /* int basic_block = 0; */
+    /* int end_sequence = 0; */
+    /* int prologue_end = 0; */
+    /* int epilogue_begin = 0; */
+    /* unsigned int isa = 0; */
 
-    p = cu_start;
+    if (parse_debug_line_header(&p, &header))
+        return -1;
+    is_stmt = header.default_is_stmt;
 
 #define FILL_LINE()						    \
     do {							    \
 	fill_line(num_traces, traces, addr, file, line,		    \
-		  include_directories, filenames,		    \
+                  (char *)header.include_directories,               \
+                  (char *)header.filenames,                         \
 		  obj, lines, offset);				    \
 	/*basic_block = prologue_end = epilogue_begin = 0;*/	    \
     } while (0)
 
-    while (p < cu_end) {
+    while (p < header.cu_end) {
 	unsigned long a;
 	unsigned char op = *p++;
 	switch (op) {
@@ -316,19 +411,19 @@ parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces, char **debug_line,
 	    FILL_LINE();
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_advance_pc:
-	    a = uleb128(&p);
+	    a = uleb128((char **)&p);
 	    addr += a;
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_advance_line: {
-	    long a = sleb128(&p);
+	    long a = sleb128((char **)&p);
 	    line += a;
 	    break;
 	}
 	case DW_LNS_set_file:
-	    file = (unsigned int)uleb128(&p);
+	    file = (unsigned int)uleb128((char **)&p);
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_set_column:
-	    /*column = (unsigned int)*/(void)uleb128(&p);
+	    /*column = (unsigned int)*/(void)uleb128((char **)&p);
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_negate_stmt:
 	    is_stmt = !is_stmt;
@@ -337,12 +432,13 @@ parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces, char **debug_line,
 	    /*basic_block = 1; */
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_const_add_pc:
-	    a = ((255 - opcode_base) / line_range) *
-		minimum_instruction_length;
+	    a = ((255UL - header.opcode_base) / header.line_range) *
+		header.minimum_instruction_length;
 	    addr += a;
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_fixed_advance_pc:
-	    a = *(unsigned char *)p++;
+	    a = *(uint16_t *)p;
+	    p += sizeof(uint16_t);
 	    addr += a;
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_set_prologue_end:
@@ -352,7 +448,7 @@ parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces, char **debug_line,
 	    /* epilogue_begin = 1; */
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_set_isa:
-	    /* isa = (unsigned int)*/(void)uleb128(&p);
+	    /* isa = (unsigned int)*/(void)uleb128((char **)&p);
 	    break;
 	case 0:
 	    a = *(unsigned char *)p++;
@@ -365,7 +461,7 @@ parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces, char **debug_line,
 		file = 1;
 		line = 1;
 		/* column = 0; */
-		is_stmt = default_is_stmt;
+		is_stmt = header.default_is_stmt;
 		/* end_sequence = 0; */
 		/* isa = 0; */
 		break;
@@ -379,7 +475,7 @@ parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces, char **debug_line,
 		break;
 	    case DW_LNE_set_discriminator:
 		/* TODO:currently ignore */
-		uleb128(&p);
+		uleb128((char **)&p);
 		break;
 	    default:
 		kprintf("Unknown extended opcode: %d in %s\n",
@@ -387,33 +483,34 @@ parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces, char **debug_line,
 	    }
 	    break;
 	default: {
-	    unsigned long addr_incr;
-	    unsigned long line_incr;
-	    a = op - opcode_base;
-	    addr_incr = (a / line_range) * minimum_instruction_length;
-	    line_incr = line_base + (a % line_range);
-	    addr += (unsigned int)addr_incr;
-	    line += (unsigned int)line_incr;
+            uint8_t adjusted_opcode = op - header.opcode_base;
+            uint8_t operation_advance = adjusted_opcode / header.line_range;
+            /* NOTE: this code doesn't support VLIW */
+            addr += operation_advance * header.minimum_instruction_length;
+            line += header.line_base + (adjusted_opcode % header.line_range);
 	    FILL_LINE();
 	}
 	}
     }
-    *debug_line = p;
+    *debug_line = (char *)p;
+    return 0;
 }
 
-static void
+static int
 parse_debug_line(int num_traces, void **traces,
 		 char *debug_line, unsigned long size,
 		 obj_info_t *obj, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
 {
     char *debug_line_end = debug_line + size;
     while (debug_line < debug_line_end) {
-	parse_debug_line_cu(num_traces, traces, &debug_line, obj, lines, offset);
+	if (parse_debug_line_cu(num_traces, traces, &debug_line, obj, lines, offset))
+	    return -1;
     }
     if (debug_line != debug_line_end) {
 	kprintf("Unexpected size of .debug_line in %s\n",
 		binary_filename);
     }
+    return 0;
 }
 
 /* read file and fill lines */
@@ -422,22 +519,38 @@ fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, int check_debuglink,
 	   obj_info_t **objp, line_info_t *lines, int offset);
 
 static void
-append_obj(obj_info_t **objp) {
+append_obj(obj_info_t **objp)
+{
     obj_info_t *newobj = calloc(1, sizeof(obj_info_t));
     if (*objp) (*objp)->next = newobj;
     *objp = newobj;
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_ELF
+/* Ideally we should check 4 paths to follow gnu_debuglink:
+ *
+ *   - /usr/lib/debug/.build-id/ab/cdef1234.debug
+ *   - /usr/bin/ruby.debug
+ *   - /usr/bin/.debug/ruby.debug
+ *   - /usr/lib/debug/usr/bin/ruby.debug.
+ *
+ * but we handle only two cases for now as the two formats are
+ * used by some linux distributions.
+ *
+ * See GDB's info for detail.
+ * https://sourceware.org/gdb/onlinedocs/gdb/Separate-Debug-Files.html
+ */
+
+// check the path pattern of "/usr/lib/debug/usr/bin/ruby.debug"
 static void
-follow_debuglink(char *debuglink, int num_traces, void **traces,
+follow_debuglink(const char *debuglink, int num_traces, void **traces,
 		 obj_info_t **objp, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
 {
-    /* Ideally we should check 4 paths to follow gnu_debuglink,
-       but we handle only one case for now as this format is used
-       by some linux distributions. See GDB's info for detail. */
     static const char global_debug_dir[] = "/usr/lib/debug";
-    char *p, *subdir;
+    const size_t global_debug_dir_len = sizeof(global_debug_dir) - 1;
+    char *p;
     obj_info_t *o1 = *objp, *o2;
+    size_t len;
 
     p = strrchr(binary_filename, '/');
     if (!p) {
@@ -445,11 +558,44 @@ follow_debuglink(char *debuglink, int num_traces, void **traces,
     }
     p[1] = '\0';
 
-    subdir = (char *)alloca(strlen(binary_filename) + 1);
-    strcpy(subdir, binary_filename);
-    strcpy(binary_filename, global_debug_dir);
-    strlcat(binary_filename, subdir, PATH_MAX);
-    strlcat(binary_filename, debuglink, PATH_MAX);
+    len = strlen(binary_filename);
+    if (len >= PATH_MAX - global_debug_dir_len)
+	len = PATH_MAX - global_debug_dir_len - 1;
+    memmove(binary_filename + global_debug_dir_len, binary_filename, len);
+    memcpy(binary_filename, global_debug_dir, global_debug_dir_len);
+    len += global_debug_dir_len;
+    strlcpy(binary_filename + len, debuglink, PATH_MAX - len);
+
+    append_obj(objp);
+    o2 = *objp;
+    o2->base_addr = o1->base_addr;
+    o2->path = o1->path;
+    fill_lines(num_traces, traces, 0, objp, lines, offset);
+}
+
+// check the path pattern of "/usr/lib/debug/.build-id/ab/cdef1234.debug"
+static void
+follow_debuglink_build_id(const char *build_id, size_t build_id_size, int num_traces, void **traces,
+                          obj_info_t **objp, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
+{
+    static const char global_debug_dir[] = "/usr/lib/debug/.build-id/";
+    const size_t global_debug_dir_len = sizeof(global_debug_dir) - 1;
+    char *p;
+    obj_info_t *o1 = *objp, *o2;
+    size_t i;
+
+    if (PATH_MAX < global_debug_dir_len + 1 + build_id_size * 2 + 6) return;
+
+    memcpy(binary_filename, global_debug_dir, global_debug_dir_len);
+    p = binary_filename + global_debug_dir_len;
+    for (i = 0; i < build_id_size; i++) {
+        static const char tbl[] = "0123456789abcdef";
+        unsigned char n = build_id[i];
+        *p++ = tbl[n / 16];
+        *p++ = tbl[n % 16];
+        if (i == 0) *p++ = '/';
+    }
+    strcpy(p, ".debug");
 
     append_obj(objp);
     o2 = *objp;
@@ -457,6 +603,1054 @@ follow_debuglink(char *debuglink, int num_traces, void **traces,
     o2->path = o1->path;
     fill_lines(num_traces, traces, 0, objp, lines, offset);
 }
+#endif
+
+enum
+{
+    DW_TAG_compile_unit = 0x11,
+    DW_TAG_inlined_subroutine = 0x1d,
+    DW_TAG_subprogram = 0x2e,
+};
+
+/* Attributes encodings */
+enum
+{
+    DW_AT_sibling = 0x01,
+    DW_AT_location = 0x02,
+    DW_AT_name = 0x03,
+    /* Reserved 0x04 */
+    /* Reserved 0x05 */
+    /* Reserved 0x06 */
+    /* Reserved 0x07 */
+    /* Reserved 0x08 */
+    DW_AT_ordering = 0x09,
+    /* Reserved 0x0a */
+    DW_AT_byte_size = 0x0b,
+    /* Reserved 0x0c */
+    DW_AT_bit_size = 0x0d,
+    /* Reserved 0x0e */
+    /* Reserved 0x0f */
+    DW_AT_stmt_list = 0x10,
+    DW_AT_low_pc = 0x11,
+    DW_AT_high_pc = 0x12,
+    DW_AT_language = 0x13,
+    /* Reserved 0x14 */
+    DW_AT_discr = 0x15,
+    DW_AT_discr_value = 0x16,
+    DW_AT_visibility = 0x17,
+    DW_AT_import = 0x18,
+    DW_AT_string_length = 0x19,
+    DW_AT_common_reference = 0x1a,
+    DW_AT_comp_dir = 0x1b,
+    DW_AT_const_value = 0x1c,
+    DW_AT_containing_type = 0x1d,
+    DW_AT_default_value = 0x1e,
+    /* Reserved 0x1f */
+    DW_AT_inline = 0x20,
+    DW_AT_is_optional = 0x21,
+    DW_AT_lower_bound = 0x22,
+    /* Reserved 0x23 */
+    /* Reserved 0x24 */
+    DW_AT_producer = 0x25,
+    /* Reserved 0x26 */
+    DW_AT_prototyped = 0x27,
+    /* Reserved 0x28 */
+    /* Reserved 0x29 */
+    DW_AT_return_addr = 0x2a,
+    /* Reserved 0x2b */
+    DW_AT_start_scope = 0x2c,
+    /* Reserved 0x2d */
+    DW_AT_bit_stride = 0x2e,
+    DW_AT_upper_bound = 0x2f,
+    /* Reserved 0x30 */
+    DW_AT_abstract_origin = 0x31,
+    DW_AT_accessibility = 0x32,
+    DW_AT_address_class = 0x33,
+    DW_AT_artificial = 0x34,
+    DW_AT_base_types = 0x35,
+    DW_AT_calling_convention = 0x36,
+    DW_AT_count = 0x37,
+    DW_AT_data_member_location = 0x38,
+    DW_AT_decl_column = 0x39,
+    DW_AT_decl_file = 0x3a,
+    DW_AT_decl_line = 0x3b,
+    DW_AT_declaration = 0x3c,
+    DW_AT_discr_list = 0x3d,
+    DW_AT_encoding = 0x3e,
+    DW_AT_external = 0x3f,
+    DW_AT_frame_base = 0x40,
+    DW_AT_friend = 0x41,
+    DW_AT_identifier_case = 0x42,
+    /* Reserved 0x43 */
+    DW_AT_namelist_item = 0x44,
+    DW_AT_priority = 0x45,
+    DW_AT_segment = 0x46,
+    DW_AT_specification = 0x47,
+    DW_AT_static_link = 0x48,
+    DW_AT_type = 0x49,
+    DW_AT_use_location = 0x4a,
+    DW_AT_variable_parameter = 0x4b,
+    DW_AT_virtuality = 0x4c,
+    DW_AT_vtable_elem_location = 0x4d,
+    DW_AT_allocated = 0x4e,
+    DW_AT_associated = 0x4f,
+    DW_AT_data_location = 0x50,
+    DW_AT_byte_stride = 0x51,
+    DW_AT_entry_pc = 0x52,
+    DW_AT_use_UTF8 = 0x53,
+    DW_AT_extension = 0x54,
+    DW_AT_ranges = 0x55,
+    DW_AT_trampoline = 0x56,
+    DW_AT_call_column = 0x57,
+    DW_AT_call_file = 0x58,
+    DW_AT_call_line = 0x59,
+    DW_AT_description = 0x5a,
+    DW_AT_binary_scale = 0x5b,
+    DW_AT_decimal_scale = 0x5c,
+    DW_AT_small = 0x5d,
+    DW_AT_decimal_sign = 0x5e,
+    DW_AT_digit_count = 0x5f,
+    DW_AT_picture_string = 0x60,
+    DW_AT_mutable = 0x61,
+    DW_AT_threads_scaled = 0x62,
+    DW_AT_explicit = 0x63,
+    DW_AT_object_pointer = 0x64,
+    DW_AT_endianity = 0x65,
+    DW_AT_elemental = 0x66,
+    DW_AT_pure = 0x67,
+    DW_AT_recursive = 0x68,
+    DW_AT_signature = 0x69,
+    DW_AT_main_subprogram = 0x6a,
+    DW_AT_data_bit_offset = 0x6b,
+    DW_AT_const_expr = 0x6c,
+    DW_AT_enum_class = 0x6d,
+    DW_AT_linkage_name = 0x6e,
+    DW_AT_string_length_bit_size = 0x6f,
+    DW_AT_string_length_byte_size = 0x70,
+    DW_AT_rank = 0x71,
+    DW_AT_str_offsets_base = 0x72,
+    DW_AT_addr_base = 0x73,
+    DW_AT_rnglists_base = 0x74,
+    /* Reserved 0x75 */
+    DW_AT_dwo_name = 0x76,
+    DW_AT_reference = 0x77,
+    DW_AT_rvalue_reference = 0x78,
+    DW_AT_macros = 0x79,
+    DW_AT_call_all_calls = 0x7a,
+    DW_AT_call_all_source_calls = 0x7b,
+    DW_AT_call_all_tail_calls = 0x7c,
+    DW_AT_call_return_pc = 0x7d,
+    DW_AT_call_value = 0x7e,
+    DW_AT_call_origin = 0x7f,
+    DW_AT_call_parameter = 0x80,
+    DW_AT_call_pc = 0x81,
+    DW_AT_call_tail_call = 0x82,
+    DW_AT_call_target = 0x83,
+    DW_AT_call_target_clobbered = 0x84,
+    DW_AT_call_data_location = 0x85,
+    DW_AT_call_data_value = 0x86,
+    DW_AT_noreturn = 0x87,
+    DW_AT_alignment = 0x88,
+    DW_AT_export_symbols = 0x89,
+    DW_AT_deleted = 0x8a,
+    DW_AT_defaulted = 0x8b,
+    DW_AT_loclists_base = 0x8c,
+    DW_AT_lo_user = 0x2000,
+    DW_AT_hi_user = 0x3fff
+};
+
+/* Attribute form encodings */
+enum
+{
+    DW_FORM_addr = 0x01,
+    /* Reserved 0x02 */
+    DW_FORM_block2 = 0x03,
+    DW_FORM_block4 = 0x04,
+    DW_FORM_data2 = 0x05,
+    DW_FORM_data4 = 0x06,
+    DW_FORM_data8 = 0x07,
+    DW_FORM_string = 0x08,
+    DW_FORM_block = 0x09,
+    DW_FORM_block1 = 0x0a,
+    DW_FORM_data1 = 0x0b,
+    DW_FORM_flag = 0x0c,
+    DW_FORM_sdata = 0x0d,
+    DW_FORM_strp = 0x0e,
+    DW_FORM_udata = 0x0f,
+    DW_FORM_ref_addr = 0x10,
+    DW_FORM_ref1 = 0x11,
+    DW_FORM_ref2 = 0x12,
+    DW_FORM_ref4 = 0x13,
+    DW_FORM_ref8 = 0x14,
+    DW_FORM_ref_udata = 0x15,
+    DW_FORM_indirect = 0x16,
+    DW_FORM_sec_offset = 0x17,
+    DW_FORM_exprloc = 0x18,
+    DW_FORM_flag_present = 0x19,
+    DW_FORM_strx = 0x1a,
+    DW_FORM_addrx = 0x1b,
+    DW_FORM_ref_sup4 = 0x1c,
+    DW_FORM_strp_sup = 0x1d,
+    DW_FORM_data16 = 0x1e,
+    DW_FORM_line_strp = 0x1f,
+    DW_FORM_ref_sig8 = 0x20,
+    DW_FORM_implicit_const = 0x21,
+    DW_FORM_loclistx = 0x22,
+    DW_FORM_rnglistx = 0x23,
+    DW_FORM_ref_sup8 = 0x24,
+    DW_FORM_strx1 = 0x25,
+    DW_FORM_strx2 = 0x26,
+    DW_FORM_strx3 = 0x27,
+    DW_FORM_strx4 = 0x28,
+    DW_FORM_addrx1 = 0x29,
+    DW_FORM_addrx2 = 0x2a,
+    DW_FORM_addrx3 = 0x2b,
+    DW_FORM_addrx4 = 0x2c
+};
+
+enum {
+    VAL_none = 0,
+    VAL_cstr = 1,
+    VAL_data = 2,
+    VAL_uint = 3,
+    VAL_int = 4
+};
+
+# define ABBREV_TABLE_SIZE 256
+typedef struct {
+    obj_info_t *obj;
+    char *file;
+    char *current_cu;
+    uint64_t current_low_pc;
+    char *debug_line_cu_end;
+    char *debug_line_files;
+    char *debug_line_directories;
+    char *p;
+    char *cu_end;
+    char *pend;
+    char *q0;
+    char *q;
+    int format; // 4 or 8
+    uint8_t address_size;
+    int level;
+    char *abbrev_table[ABBREV_TABLE_SIZE];
+} DebugInfoReader;
+
+typedef struct {
+    ptrdiff_t pos;
+    int tag;
+    int has_children;
+} DIE;
+
+typedef struct {
+    union {
+        char *ptr;
+        uint64_t uint64;
+        int64_t int64;
+    } as;
+    uint64_t off;
+    uint64_t at;
+    uint64_t form;
+    size_t size;
+    int type;
+} DebugInfoValue;
+
+/* TODO: Big Endian */
+#define MERGE_2INTS(a,b,sz) (((uint64_t)(b)<<sz)|(a))
+
+static uint16_t
+get_uint16(const uint8_t *p)
+{
+    return (uint16_t)MERGE_2INTS(p[0],p[1],8);
+}
+
+static uint32_t
+get_uint32(const uint8_t *p)
+{
+    return (uint32_t)MERGE_2INTS(get_uint16(p),get_uint16(p+2),16);
+}
+
+static uint64_t
+get_uint64(const uint8_t *p)
+{
+    return MERGE_2INTS(get_uint32(p),get_uint32(p+4),32);
+}
+
+static uint8_t
+read_uint8(char **ptr)
+{
+    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)*ptr;
+    *ptr = (char *)(p + 1);
+    return *p;
+}
+
+static uint16_t
+read_uint16(char **ptr)
+{
+    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)*ptr;
+    *ptr = (char *)(p + 2);
+    return get_uint16(p);
+}
+
+static uint32_t
+read_uint24(char **ptr)
+{
+    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)*ptr;
+    *ptr = (char *)(p + 3);
+    return (*p << 16) | get_uint16(p+1);
+}
+
+static uint32_t
+read_uint32(char **ptr)
+{
+    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)*ptr;
+    *ptr = (char *)(p + 4);
+    return get_uint32(p);
+}
+
+static uint64_t
+read_uint64(char **ptr)
+{
+    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)*ptr;
+    *ptr = (char *)(p + 8);
+    return get_uint64(p);
+}
+
+static uintptr_t
+read_uintptr(char **ptr)
+{
+    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)*ptr;
+    *ptr = (char *)(p + SIZEOF_VOIDP);
+#if SIZEOF_VOIDP == 8
+    return get_uint64(p);
+#else
+    return get_uint32(p);
+#endif
+}
+
+static uint64_t
+read_uint(DebugInfoReader *reader)
+{
+    if (reader->format == 4) {
+        return read_uint32(&reader->p);
+    } else { /* 64 bit */
+        return read_uint64(&reader->p);
+    }
+}
+
+static uint64_t
+read_uleb128(DebugInfoReader *reader)
+{
+    return uleb128(&reader->p);
+}
+
+static int64_t
+read_sleb128(DebugInfoReader *reader)
+{
+    return sleb128(&reader->p);
+}
+
+static void
+debug_info_reader_init(DebugInfoReader *reader, obj_info_t *obj)
+{
+    reader->file = obj->mapped;
+    reader->obj = obj;
+    reader->p = obj->debug_info.ptr;
+    reader->pend = obj->debug_info.ptr + obj->debug_info.size;
+    reader->debug_line_cu_end = obj->debug_line.ptr;
+    reader->current_low_pc = 0;
+}
+
+static void
+di_read_debug_abbrev_cu(DebugInfoReader *reader)
+{
+    uint64_t prev = 0;
+    char *p = reader->q0;
+    for (;;) {
+        uint64_t abbrev_number = uleb128(&p);
+        if (abbrev_number <= prev) break;
+        if (abbrev_number < ABBREV_TABLE_SIZE) {
+            reader->abbrev_table[abbrev_number] = p;
+        }
+        prev = abbrev_number;
+        uleb128(&p); /* tag */
+        p++; /* has_children */
+        /* skip content */
+        for (;;) {
+            uint64_t at = uleb128(&p);
+            uint64_t form = uleb128(&p);
+            if (!at && !form) break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+di_read_debug_line_cu(DebugInfoReader *reader)
+{
+    const char *p;
+    struct LineNumberProgramHeader header;
+
+    p = (const char *)reader->debug_line_cu_end;
+    if (parse_debug_line_header(&p, &header))
+        return -1;
+
+    reader->debug_line_cu_end = (char *)header.cu_end;
+    reader->debug_line_directories = (char *)header.include_directories;
+    reader->debug_line_files = (char *)header.filenames;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+set_uint_value(DebugInfoValue *v, uint64_t n)
+{
+    v->as.uint64 = n;
+    v->type = VAL_uint;
+}
+
+static void
+set_int_value(DebugInfoValue *v, int64_t n)
+{
+    v->as.int64 = n;
+    v->type = VAL_int;
+}
+
+static void
+set_cstr_value(DebugInfoValue *v, char *s)
+{
+    v->as.ptr = s;
+    v->off = 0;
+    v->type = VAL_cstr;
+}
+
+static void
+set_cstrp_value(DebugInfoValue *v, char *s, uint64_t off)
+{
+    v->as.ptr = s;
+    v->off = off;
+    v->type = VAL_cstr;
+}
+
+static void
+set_data_value(DebugInfoValue *v, char *s)
+{
+    v->as.ptr = s;
+    v->type = VAL_data;
+}
+
+static const char *
+get_cstr_value(DebugInfoValue *v)
+{
+    if (v->as.ptr) {
+        return v->as.ptr + v->off;
+    } else {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+debug_info_reader_read_value(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t form, DebugInfoValue *v)
+{
+    switch (form) {
+      case DW_FORM_addr:
+        if (reader->address_size == 4) {
+            set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+        } else if (reader->address_size == 8) {
+            set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
+        } else {
+            fprintf(stderr,"unknown address_size:%d", reader->address_size);
+            abort();
+        }
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_block2:
+        v->size = read_uint16(&reader->p);
+        set_data_value(v, reader->p);
+        reader->p += v->size;
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_block4:
+        v->size = read_uint32(&reader->p);
+        set_data_value(v, reader->p);
+        reader->p += v->size;
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_data2:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint16(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_data4:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_data8:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_string:
+        v->size = strlen(reader->p);
+        set_cstr_value(v, reader->p);
+        reader->p += v->size + 1;
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_block:
+        v->size = uleb128(&reader->p);
+        set_data_value(v, reader->p);
+        reader->p += v->size;
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_block1:
+        v->size = read_uint8(&reader->p);
+        set_data_value(v, reader->p);
+        reader->p += v->size;
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_data1:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint8(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_flag:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint8(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_sdata:
+        set_int_value(v, read_sleb128(reader));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_strp:
+        set_cstrp_value(v, reader->obj->debug_str.ptr, read_uint(reader));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_udata:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uleb128(reader));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_ref_addr:
+        if (reader->address_size == 4) {
+            set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+        } else if (reader->address_size == 8) {
+            set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
+        } else {
+            fprintf(stderr,"unknown address_size:%d", reader->address_size);
+            abort();
+        }
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_ref1:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint8(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_ref2:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint16(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_ref4:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_ref8:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_ref_udata:
+        set_uint_value(v, uleb128(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_indirect:
+        /* TODO: read the referred value */
+        set_uint_value(v, uleb128(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_sec_offset:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint(reader)); /* offset */
+        /* addrptr: debug_addr */
+        /* lineptr: debug_line */
+        /* loclist: debug_loclists */
+        /* loclistptr: debug_loclists */
+        /* macptr: debug_macro */
+        /* rnglist: debug_rnglists */
+        /* rnglistptr: debug_rnglists */
+        /* stroffsetsptr: debug_str_offsets */
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_exprloc:
+        v->size = (size_t)read_uleb128(reader);
+        set_data_value(v, reader->p);
+        reader->p += v->size;
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_flag_present:
+        set_uint_value(v, 1);
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_strx:
+        set_uint_value(v, uleb128(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_addrx:
+        /* TODO: read .debug_addr */
+        set_uint_value(v, uleb128(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_ref_sup4:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_strp_sup:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint(reader));
+        /* *p = reader->sup_file + reader->sup_str->sh_offset + ret; */
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_data16:
+        v->size = 16;
+        set_data_value(v, reader->p);
+        reader->p += v->size;
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_line_strp:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint(reader));
+        /* *p = reader->file + reader->line->sh_offset + ret; */
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_ref_sig8:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_implicit_const:
+        set_int_value(v, sleb128(&reader->q));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_loclistx:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uleb128(reader));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_rnglistx:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uleb128(reader));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_ref_sup8:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_strx1:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint8(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_strx2:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint16(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_strx3:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint24(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_strx4:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_addrx1:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint8(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_addrx2:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint16(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_addrx3:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint24(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_addrx4:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case 0:
+        goto fail;
+        break;
+    }
+    return;
+
+  fail:
+    fprintf(stderr, "%d: unsupported form: %#"PRIx64"\n", __LINE__, form);
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+/* find abbrev in current compilation unit */
+static char *
+di_find_abbrev(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t abbrev_number)
+{
+    char *p;
+    if (abbrev_number < ABBREV_TABLE_SIZE) {
+        return reader->abbrev_table[abbrev_number];
+    }
+    p = reader->abbrev_table[ABBREV_TABLE_SIZE-1];
+    /* skip 255th record */
+    uleb128(&p); /* tag */
+    p++; /* has_children */
+    /* skip content */
+    for (;;) {
+        uint64_t at = uleb128(&p);
+        uint64_t form = uleb128(&p);
+        if (!at && !form) break;
+    }
+    for (uint64_t n = uleb128(&p); abbrev_number != n; n = uleb128(&p)) {
+        if (n == 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr,"%d: Abbrev Number %"PRId64" not found\n",__LINE__, abbrev_number);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+        uleb128(&p); /* tag */
+        p++; /* has_children */
+        /* skip content */
+        for (;;) {
+            uint64_t at = uleb128(&p);
+            uint64_t form = uleb128(&p);
+            if (!at && !form) break;
+        }
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+#if 0
+static void
+hexdump0(const unsigned char *p, size_t n)
+{
+    size_t i;
+    fprintf(stderr, "     0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  A  B  C  D  E  F\n");
+    for (i=0; i < n; i++){
+        switch (i & 15) {
+          case 0:
+            fprintf(stderr, "%02zd: %02X ", i/16, p[i]);
+            break;
+          case 15:
+            fprintf(stderr, "%02X\n", p[i]);
+            break;
+          default:
+            fprintf(stderr, "%02X ", p[i]);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if ((i & 15) != 15) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+    }
+}
+#define hexdump(p,n) hexdump0((const unsigned char *)p, n)
+
+static void
+div_inspect(DebugInfoValue *v)
+{
+    switch (v->type) {
+      case VAL_uint:
+        fprintf(stderr,"%d: type:%d size:%zx v:%lx\n",__LINE__,v->type,v->size,v->as.uint64);
+        break;
+      case VAL_int:
+        fprintf(stderr,"%d: type:%d size:%zx v:%ld\n",__LINE__,v->type,v->size,(int64_t)v->as.uint64);
+        break;
+      case VAL_cstr:
+        fprintf(stderr,"%d: type:%d size:%zx v:'%s'\n",__LINE__,v->type,v->size,v->as.ptr);
+        break;
+      case VAL_data:
+        fprintf(stderr,"%d: type:%d size:%zx v:\n",__LINE__,v->type,v->size);
+        hexdump(v->as.ptr, 16);
+        break;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+static DIE *
+di_read_die(DebugInfoReader *reader, DIE *die)
+{
+    uint64_t abbrev_number = uleb128(&reader->p);
+    if (abbrev_number == 0) {
+        reader->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    reader->q = di_find_abbrev(reader, abbrev_number);
+
+    die->pos = reader->p - reader->obj->debug_info.ptr - 1;
+    die->tag = (int)uleb128(&reader->q); /* tag */
+    die->has_children = *reader->q++; /* has_children */
+    if (die->has_children) {
+        reader->level++;
+    }
+    return die;
+}
+
+static DebugInfoValue *
+di_read_record(DebugInfoReader *reader, DebugInfoValue *vp)
+{
+    uint64_t at = uleb128(&reader->q);
+    uint64_t form = uleb128(&reader->q);
+    if (!at || !form) return NULL;
+    vp->at = at;
+    vp->form = form;
+    debug_info_reader_read_value(reader, form, vp);
+    return vp;
+}
+
+static void
+di_skip_records(DebugInfoReader *reader)
+{
+    for (;;) {
+        DebugInfoValue v = {{}};
+        uint64_t at = uleb128(&reader->q);
+        uint64_t form = uleb128(&reader->q);
+        if (!at || !form) return;
+        debug_info_reader_read_value(reader, form, &v);
+    }
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint64_t low_pc;
+    uint64_t high_pc;
+    uint64_t ranges;
+    bool low_pc_set;
+    bool high_pc_set;
+    bool ranges_set;
+} ranges_t;
+
+static void
+ranges_set(ranges_t *ptr, DebugInfoValue *v)
+{
+    switch (v->at) {
+      case DW_AT_low_pc:
+        ptr->low_pc = v->as.uint64;
+        ptr->low_pc_set = true;
+        break;
+      case DW_AT_high_pc:
+        if (v->form == DW_FORM_addr) {
+            ptr->high_pc = v->as.uint64;
+        }
+        else {
+            ptr->high_pc = ptr->low_pc + v->as.uint64;
+        }
+        ptr->high_pc_set = true;
+        break;
+      case DW_AT_ranges:
+        ptr->ranges = v->as.uint64;
+        ptr->ranges_set = true;
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+static uintptr_t
+ranges_include(DebugInfoReader *reader, ranges_t *ptr, uint64_t addr)
+{
+    if (ptr->high_pc_set) {
+        if (ptr->ranges_set || !ptr->low_pc_set) {
+            exit(1);
+        }
+        if (ptr->low_pc <= addr && addr <= ptr->high_pc) {
+            return (uintptr_t)ptr->low_pc;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (ptr->ranges_set) {
+        /* TODO: support base address selection entry */
+        char *p = reader->obj->debug_ranges.ptr + ptr->ranges;
+        uint64_t base = ptr->low_pc_set ? ptr->low_pc : reader->current_low_pc;
+        for (;;) {
+            uintptr_t from = read_uintptr(&p);
+            uintptr_t to = read_uintptr(&p);
+            if (!from && !to) break;
+            if (from == UINTPTR_MAX) {
+                /* base address selection entry */
+                base = to;
+            }
+            else if (base + from <= addr && addr < base + to) {
+                return from;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else if (ptr->low_pc_set) {
+        if (ptr->low_pc == addr) {
+            return (uintptr_t)ptr->low_pc;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+#if 0
+static void
+ranges_inspect(DebugInfoReader *reader, ranges_t *ptr)
+{
+    if (ptr->high_pc_set) {
+        if (ptr->ranges_set || !ptr->low_pc_set) {
+            fprintf(stderr,"low_pc_set:%d high_pc_set:%d ranges_set:%d\n",ptr->low_pc_set,ptr->high_pc_set,ptr->ranges_set);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+        fprintf(stderr,"low_pc:%"PRIx64" high_pc:%"PRIx64"\n",ptr->low_pc,ptr->high_pc);
+    }
+    else if (ptr->ranges_set) {
+        char *p = reader->obj->debug_ranges.ptr + ptr->ranges;
+        fprintf(stderr,"low_pc:%"PRIx64" ranges:%"PRIx64" %lx ",ptr->low_pc,ptr->ranges, p-reader->obj->mapped);
+        for (;;) {
+            uintptr_t from = read_uintptr(&p);
+            uintptr_t to = read_uintptr(&p);
+            if (!from && !to) break;
+            fprintf(stderr,"%"PRIx64"-%"PRIx64" ",ptr->low_pc+from,ptr->low_pc+to);
+        }
+        fprintf(stderr,"\n");
+    }
+    else if (ptr->low_pc_set) {
+        fprintf(stderr,"low_pc:%"PRIx64"\n",ptr->low_pc);
+    }
+    else {
+        fprintf(stderr,"empty\n");
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+static int
+di_read_cu(DebugInfoReader *reader)
+{
+    uint64_t unit_length;
+    uint16_t version;
+    uint64_t debug_abbrev_offset;
+    reader->format = 4;
+    reader->current_cu = reader->p;
+    unit_length = read_uint32(&reader->p);
+    if (unit_length == 0xffffffff) {
+        unit_length = read_uint64(&reader->p);
+        reader->format = 8;
+    }
+    reader->cu_end = reader->p + unit_length;
+    version = read_uint16(&reader->p);
+    if (version > 5) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else if (version == 5) {
+        /* unit_type = */ read_uint8(&reader->p);
+        reader->address_size = read_uint8(&reader->p);
+        debug_abbrev_offset = read_uint(reader);
+    }
+    else {
+        debug_abbrev_offset = read_uint(reader);
+        reader->address_size = read_uint8(&reader->p);
+    }
+    reader->q0 = reader->obj->debug_abbrev.ptr + debug_abbrev_offset;
+
+    reader->level = 0;
+    di_read_debug_abbrev_cu(reader);
+    if (di_read_debug_line_cu(reader)) return -1;
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER_BUILD_DATE)
+    /* Though DWARF specifies "the applicable base address defaults to the base
+       address of the compilation unit", but GCC seems to use zero as default */
+#else
+    do {
+        DIE die;
+
+        if (!di_read_die(reader, &die)) continue;
+
+        if (die.tag != DW_TAG_compile_unit) {
+            di_skip_records(reader);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* enumerate abbrev */
+        for (;;) {
+            DebugInfoValue v = {{}};
+            if (!di_read_record(reader, &v)) break;
+            switch (v.at) {
+              case DW_AT_low_pc:
+                reader->current_low_pc = v.as.uint64;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    } while (0);
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+read_abstract_origin(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t abstract_origin, line_info_t *line)
+{
+    char *p = reader->p;
+    char *q = reader->q;
+    int level = reader->level;
+    DIE die;
+
+    reader->p = reader->current_cu + abstract_origin;
+    if (!di_read_die(reader, &die)) goto finish;
+
+    /* enumerate abbrev */
+    for (;;) {
+        DebugInfoValue v = {{}};
+        if (!di_read_record(reader, &v)) break;
+        switch (v.at) {
+          case DW_AT_name:
+            line->sname = get_cstr_value(&v);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+  finish:
+    reader->p = p;
+    reader->q = q;
+    reader->level = level;
+}
+
+static void
+debug_info_read(DebugInfoReader *reader, int num_traces, void **traces,
+         line_info_t *lines, int offset) {
+    while (reader->p < reader->cu_end) {
+        DIE die;
+        ranges_t ranges = {};
+        line_info_t line = {};
+
+        if (!di_read_die(reader, &die)) continue;
+        /* fprintf(stderr,"%d:%tx: <%d>\n",__LINE__,die.pos,reader->level,die.tag); */
+
+        if (die.tag != DW_TAG_subprogram && die.tag != DW_TAG_inlined_subroutine) {
+          skip_die:
+            di_skip_records(reader);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        /* enumerate abbrev */
+        for (;;) {
+            DebugInfoValue v = {{}};
+            /* ptrdiff_t pos = reader->p - reader->p0; */
+            if (!di_read_record(reader, &v)) break;
+            /* fprintf(stderr,"\n%d:%tx: AT:%lx FORM:%lx\n",__LINE__,pos,v.at,v.form); */
+            /* div_inspect(&v); */
+            switch (v.at) {
+              case DW_AT_name:
+                line.sname = get_cstr_value(&v);
+                break;
+              case DW_AT_call_file:
+                fill_filename((int)v.as.uint64, reader->debug_line_directories, reader->debug_line_files, &line, reader->obj);
+                break;
+              case DW_AT_call_line:
+                line.line = (int)v.as.uint64;
+                break;
+              case DW_AT_low_pc:
+              case DW_AT_high_pc:
+              case DW_AT_ranges:
+                ranges_set(&ranges, &v);
+                break;
+              case DW_AT_declaration:
+                goto skip_die;
+              case DW_AT_inline:
+                /* 1 or 3 */
+                break; /* goto skip_die; */
+              case DW_AT_abstract_origin:
+                read_abstract_origin(reader, v.as.uint64, &line);
+                break; /* goto skip_die; */
+            }
+        }
+        /* ranges_inspect(reader, &ranges); */
+        /* fprintf(stderr,"%d:%tx: %x ",__LINE__,diepos,die.tag); */
+        for (int i=offset; i < num_traces; i++) {
+            uintptr_t addr = (uintptr_t)traces[i];
+            uintptr_t offset = addr - reader->obj->base_addr + reader->obj->vmaddr;
+            uintptr_t saddr = ranges_include(reader, &ranges, offset);
+            if (saddr) {
+                /* fprintf(stderr, "%d:%tx: %d %lx->%lx %x %s: %s/%s %d %s %s %s\n",__LINE__,die.pos, i,addr,offset, die.tag,line.sname,line.dirname,line.filename,line.line,reader->obj->path,line.sname,lines[i].sname); */
+                if (lines[i].sname) {
+                    line_info_t *lp = malloc(sizeof(line_info_t));
+                    memcpy(lp, &lines[i], sizeof(line_info_t));
+                    lines[i].next = lp;
+                    lp->dirname = line.dirname;
+                    lp->filename = line.filename;
+                    lp->line = line.line;
+                    lp->saddr = 0;
+                }
+                lines[i].path = reader->obj->path;
+                lines[i].base_addr = line.base_addr;
+                lines[i].sname = line.sname;
+                lines[i].saddr = saddr + reader->obj->base_addr - reader->obj->vmaddr;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_ELF
+static unsigned long
+uncompress_debug_section(ElfW(Shdr) *shdr, char *file, char **ptr)
+{
+    *ptr = NULL;
+#ifdef SUPPORT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_LINE
+    ElfW(Chdr) *chdr = (ElfW(Chdr) *)(file + shdr->sh_offset);
+    unsigned long destsize = chdr->ch_size;
+    int ret = 0;
+
+    if (chdr->ch_type != ELFCOMPRESS_ZLIB) {
+	/* unsupported compression type */
+	return 0;
+    }
+
+    *ptr = malloc(destsize);
+    if (!*ptr) return 0;
+    ret = uncompress((Bytef *)*ptr, &destsize,
+	    (const Bytef*)chdr + sizeof(ElfW(Chdr)),
+            shdr->sh_size - sizeof(ElfW(Chdr)));
+    if (ret != Z_OK) goto fail;
+    return destsize;
+
+fail:
+    free(*ptr);
+    *ptr = NULL;
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
 
 /* read file and fill lines */
 static uintptr_t
@@ -465,10 +1659,10 @@ fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, int check_debuglink,
 {
     int i, j;
     char *shstr;
-    char *section_name;
     ElfW(Ehdr) *ehdr;
     ElfW(Shdr) *shdr, *shstr_shdr;
-    ElfW(Shdr) *debug_line_shdr = NULL, *gnu_debuglink_shdr = NULL;
+    ElfW(Shdr) *gnu_debuglink_shdr = NULL;
+    ElfW(Shdr) *note_gnu_build_id = NULL;
     int fd;
     off_t filesize;
     char *file;
@@ -504,6 +1698,7 @@ fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, int check_debuglink,
 	kprintf("mmap: %s\n", strerror(e));
 	goto fail;
     }
+    close(fd);
 
     ehdr = (ElfW(Ehdr) *)file;
     if (memcmp(ehdr->e_ident, "\177ELF", 4) != 0) {
@@ -511,11 +1706,8 @@ fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, int check_debuglink,
 	 * Huh? Maybe filename was overridden by setproctitle() and
 	 * it match non-elf file.
 	 */
-	close(fd);
 	goto fail;
     }
-
-    obj->fd = fd;
     obj->mapped = file;
     obj->mapped_size = (size_t)filesize;
 
@@ -525,7 +1717,7 @@ fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, int check_debuglink,
     shstr = file + shstr_shdr->sh_offset;
 
     for (i = 0; i < ehdr->e_shnum; i++) {
-	section_name = shstr + shdr[i].sh_name;
+        char *section_name = shstr + shdr[i].sh_name;
 	switch (shdr[i].sh_type) {
 	  case SHT_STRTAB:
 	    if (!strcmp(section_name, ".strtab")) {
@@ -543,13 +1735,40 @@ fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, int check_debuglink,
 	    /* if (!strcmp(section_name, ".dynsym")) */
 	    dynsym_shdr = shdr + i;
 	    break;
+          case SHT_NOTE:
+            if (!strcmp(section_name, ".note.gnu.build-id")) {
+                note_gnu_build_id = shdr + i;
+            }
+            break;
 	  case SHT_PROGBITS:
-	    if (!strcmp(section_name, ".debug_line")) {
-		debug_line_shdr = shdr + i;
-	    }
-	    else if (!strcmp(section_name, ".gnu_debuglink")) {
+	    if (!strcmp(section_name, ".gnu_debuglink")) {
 		gnu_debuglink_shdr = shdr + i;
 	    }
+            else {
+                const char *debug_section_names[] = {
+                    ".debug_abbrev",
+                    ".debug_info",
+                    ".debug_line",
+                    ".debug_ranges",
+                    ".debug_str"
+                };
+
+                for (j=0; j < DWARF_SECTION_COUNT; j++) {
+                    struct dwarf_section *s = obj_dwarf_section_at(obj, j);
+
+                    if (strcmp(section_name, debug_section_names[j]) != 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                    s->ptr = file + shdr[i].sh_offset;
+                    s->size = shdr[i].sh_size;
+                    s->flags = shdr[i].sh_flags;
+                    if (s->flags & SHF_COMPRESSED) {
+                        s->size = uncompress_debug_section(&shdr[i], file, &s->ptr);
+                        if (!s->size) goto fail;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
 	    break;
 	}
     }
@@ -561,20 +1780,22 @@ fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, int check_debuglink,
 	    char *strtab = file + dynstr_shdr->sh_offset;
 	    ElfW(Sym) *symtab = (ElfW(Sym) *)(file + dynsym_shdr->sh_offset);
 	    int symtab_count = (int)(dynsym_shdr->sh_size / sizeof(ElfW(Sym)));
-	    for (j = 0; j < symtab_count; j++) {
-		ElfW(Sym) *sym = &symtab[j];
-		Dl_info info;
-		void *h, *s;
-		if (ELF_ST_TYPE(sym->st_info) != STT_FUNC || sym->st_size <= 0) continue;
-		h = dlopen(NULL, RTLD_NOW|RTLD_LOCAL);
-		if (!h) continue;
-		s = dlsym(h, strtab + sym->st_name);
-		if (!s) continue;
-		if (dladdr(s, &info)) {
-		    dladdr_fbase = (uintptr_t)info.dli_fbase;
-		    break;
-		}
-	    }
+            void *handle = dlopen(NULL, RTLD_NOW|RTLD_LOCAL);
+            if (handle) {
+                for (j = 0; j < symtab_count; j++) {
+                    ElfW(Sym) *sym = &symtab[j];
+                    Dl_info info;
+                    void *s;
+                    if (ELF_ST_TYPE(sym->st_info) != STT_FUNC || sym->st_size == 0) continue;
+                    s = dlsym(handle, strtab + sym->st_name);
+                    if (s && dladdr(s, &info)) {
+                        obj->base_addr = dladdr_fbase;
+                        dladdr_fbase = (uintptr_t)info.dli_fbase;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                dlclose(handle);
+            }
 	    if (ehdr->e_type == ET_EXEC) {
 		obj->base_addr = 0;
 	    }
@@ -585,33 +1806,48 @@ fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, int check_debuglink,
 	}
     }
 
-    if (!symtab_shdr) {
-	symtab_shdr = dynsym_shdr;
-	strtab_shdr = dynstr_shdr;
-    }
-
-    if (symtab_shdr && strtab_shdr) {
-	char *strtab = file + strtab_shdr->sh_offset;
-	ElfW(Sym) *symtab = (ElfW(Sym) *)(file + symtab_shdr->sh_offset);
-	int symtab_count = (int)(symtab_shdr->sh_size / sizeof(ElfW(Sym)));
-	for (j = 0; j < symtab_count; j++) {
-	    ElfW(Sym) *sym = &symtab[j];
-	    uintptr_t saddr = (uintptr_t)sym->st_value + obj->base_addr;
-	    if (ELF_ST_TYPE(sym->st_info) != STT_FUNC || sym->st_size <= 0) continue;
-	    for (i = offset; i < num_traces; i++) {
-		uintptr_t d = (uintptr_t)traces[i] - saddr;
-		if (lines[i].line > 0 || d <= 0 || d > (uintptr_t)sym->st_size)
-		    continue;
-		/* fill symbol name and addr from .symtab */
-		lines[i].sname = strtab + sym->st_name;
-		lines[i].saddr = saddr;
-		lines[i].path  = obj->path;
-		lines[i].base_addr = obj->base_addr;
-	    }
-	}
+    if (obj->debug_info.ptr && obj->debug_abbrev.ptr) {
+        DebugInfoReader reader;
+        debug_info_reader_init(&reader, obj);
+        i = 0;
+        while (reader.p < reader.pend) {
+            /* fprintf(stderr, "%d:%tx: CU[%d]\n", __LINE__, reader.p - reader.obj->debug_info.ptr, i++); */
+            if (di_read_cu(&reader)) goto use_symtab;
+            debug_info_read(&reader, num_traces, traces, lines, offset);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        /* This file doesn't have dwarf, use symtab or dynsym */
+use_symtab:
+        if (!symtab_shdr) {
+            /* This file doesn't have symtab, use dynsym instead */
+            symtab_shdr = dynsym_shdr;
+            strtab_shdr = dynstr_shdr;
+        }
+
+        if (symtab_shdr && strtab_shdr) {
+            char *strtab = file + strtab_shdr->sh_offset;
+            ElfW(Sym) *symtab = (ElfW(Sym) *)(file + symtab_shdr->sh_offset);
+            int symtab_count = (int)(symtab_shdr->sh_size / sizeof(ElfW(Sym)));
+            for (j = 0; j < symtab_count; j++) {
+                ElfW(Sym) *sym = &symtab[j];
+                uintptr_t saddr = (uintptr_t)sym->st_value + obj->base_addr;
+                if (ELF_ST_TYPE(sym->st_info) != STT_FUNC) continue;
+                for (i = offset; i < num_traces; i++) {
+                    uintptr_t d = (uintptr_t)traces[i] - saddr;
+                    if (lines[i].line > 0 || d > (uintptr_t)sym->st_size)
+                        continue;
+                    /* fill symbol name and addr from .symtab */
+                    if (!lines[i].sname) lines[i].sname = strtab + sym->st_name;
+                    lines[i].saddr = saddr;
+                    lines[i].path  = obj->path;
+                    lines[i].base_addr = obj->base_addr;
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 
-    if (!debug_line_shdr) {
+    if (!obj->debug_line.ptr) {
 	/* This file doesn't have .debug_line section,
 	   let's check .gnu_debuglink section instead. */
 	if (gnu_debuglink_shdr && check_debuglink) {
@@ -619,18 +1855,244 @@ fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, int check_debuglink,
 			     num_traces, traces,
 			     objp, lines, offset);
 	}
+        if (note_gnu_build_id && check_debuglink) {
+            ElfW(Nhdr) *nhdr = (ElfW(Nhdr)*) (file + note_gnu_build_id->sh_offset);
+            const char *build_id = (char *)(nhdr + 1) + nhdr->n_namesz;
+            follow_debuglink_build_id(build_id, nhdr->n_descsz,
+			       num_traces, traces,
+			       objp, lines, offset);
+        }
 	goto finish;
     }
 
-    parse_debug_line(num_traces, traces,
-		     file + debug_line_shdr->sh_offset,
-		     debug_line_shdr->sh_size,
-		     obj, lines, offset);
+    if (parse_debug_line(num_traces, traces,
+            obj->debug_line.ptr,
+            obj->debug_line.size,
+            obj, lines, offset) == -1)
+        goto fail;
+
 finish:
     return dladdr_fbase;
 fail:
     return (uintptr_t)-1;
 }
+#else /* Mach-O */
+/* read file and fill lines */
+static uintptr_t
+fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, int check_debuglink,
+        obj_info_t **objp, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
+{
+# ifdef __LP64__
+#  define LP(x) x##_64
+# else
+#  define LP(x) x
+# endif
+    int fd;
+    off_t filesize;
+    char *file, *p = NULL;
+    obj_info_t *obj = *objp;
+    struct LP(mach_header) *header;
+    uintptr_t dladdr_fbase = 0;
+
+    {
+        char *s = binary_filename;
+        char *base = strrchr(binary_filename, '/')+1;
+        size_t max = PATH_MAX;
+        size_t size = strlen(binary_filename);
+        size_t basesize = size - (base - binary_filename);
+        s += size;
+        max -= size;
+        p = s;
+        size = strlcpy(s, ".dSYM/Contents/Resources/DWARF/", max);
+        if (size == 0) goto fail;
+        s += size;
+        max -= size;
+        if (max <= basesize) goto fail;
+        memcpy(s, base, basesize);
+        s[basesize] = 0;
+
+        fd = open(binary_filename, O_RDONLY);
+        if (fd < 0) {
+            *p = 0; /* binary_filename becomes original file name */
+            fd = open(binary_filename, O_RDONLY);
+            if (fd < 0) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    filesize = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
+    if (filesize < 0) {
+        int e = errno;
+        close(fd);
+        kprintf("lseek: %s\n", strerror(e));
+        goto fail;
+    }
+#if SIZEOF_OFF_T > SIZEOF_SIZE_T
+    if (filesize > (off_t)SIZE_MAX) {
+        close(fd);
+        kprintf("Too large file %s\n", binary_filename);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+#endif
+    lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
+    /* async-signal unsafe */
+    file = (char *)mmap(NULL, (size_t)filesize, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
+    if (file == MAP_FAILED) {
+        int e = errno;
+        close(fd);
+        kprintf("mmap: %s\n", strerror(e));
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    close(fd);
+
+    obj->mapped = file;
+    obj->mapped_size = (size_t)filesize;
+
+    header = (struct LP(mach_header) *)file;
+    if (header->magic == LP(MH_MAGIC)) {
+        /* non universal binary */
+        p = file;
+    }
+    else if (header->magic == FAT_CIGAM) {
+        struct LP(mach_header) *mhp = _NSGetMachExecuteHeader();
+        struct fat_header *fat = (struct fat_header *)file;
+        char *q = file + sizeof(*fat);
+        uint32_t nfat_arch = __builtin_bswap32(fat->nfat_arch);
+        /* fprintf(stderr,"%d: fat:%s %d\n",__LINE__, binary_filename,nfat_arch); */
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nfat_arch; i++) {
+            struct fat_arch *arch = (struct fat_arch *)q;
+            cpu_type_t cputype = __builtin_bswap32(arch->cputype);
+            cpu_subtype_t cpusubtype = __builtin_bswap32(arch->cpusubtype);
+            uint32_t offset = __builtin_bswap32(arch->offset);
+            /* fprintf(stderr,"%d: fat %d %x/%x %x/%x\n",__LINE__, i, mhp->cputype,mhp->cpusubtype, cputype,cpusubtype); */
+            if (mhp->cputype == cputype &&
+                    (cpu_subtype_t)(mhp->cpusubtype & ~CPU_SUBTYPE_MASK) == cpusubtype) {
+                p = file + offset;
+                file = p;
+                header = (struct LP(mach_header) *)p;
+                if (header->magic == LP(MH_MAGIC)) {
+                    goto found_mach_header;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            q += sizeof(*arch);
+        }
+        kprintf("'%s' is not a Mach-O universal binary file!\n",binary_filename);
+        close(fd);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    else {
+        kprintf("'%s' is not a "
+# ifdef __LP64__
+                "64"
+# else
+                "32"
+# endif
+                "-bit Mach-O file!\n",binary_filename);
+        close(fd);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+found_mach_header:
+    p += sizeof(*header);
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < (uint32_t)header->ncmds; i++) {
+        struct load_command *lcmd = (struct load_command *)p;
+        switch (lcmd->cmd) {
+          case LP(LC_SEGMENT):
+            {
+                static const char *debug_section_names[] = {
+                    "__debug_abbrev",
+                    "__debug_info",
+                    "__debug_line",
+                    "__debug_ranges",
+                    "__debug_str"
+                };
+                struct LP(segment_command) *scmd = (struct LP(segment_command) *)lcmd;
+                if (strcmp(scmd->segname, "__TEXT") == 0) {
+                    obj->vmaddr = scmd->vmaddr;
+                }
+                else if (strcmp(scmd->segname, "__DWARF") == 0) {
+                    p += sizeof(struct LP(segment_command));
+                    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < scmd->nsects; i++) {
+                        struct LP(section) *sect = (struct LP(section) *)p;
+                        p += sizeof(struct LP(section));
+                        for (int j=0; j < DWARF_SECTION_COUNT; j++) {
+                            struct dwarf_section *s = obj_dwarf_section_at(obj, j);
+
+                            if (strcmp(sect->sectname, debug_section_names[j]) != 0)
+                                continue;
+
+                            s->ptr = file + sect->offset;
+                            s->size = sect->size;
+                            s->flags = sect->flags;
+                            if (s->flags & SHF_COMPRESSED) {
+                                goto fail;
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+
+          case LC_SYMTAB:
+            {
+                struct symtab_command *cmd = (struct symtab_command *)lcmd;
+                struct LP(nlist) *nl = (struct LP(nlist) *)(file + cmd->symoff);
+                char *strtab = file + cmd->stroff, *sname = 0;
+                uint32_t j;
+                uintptr_t saddr = 0;
+                /* kprintf("[%2d]: %x/symtab %p\n", i, cmd->cmd, p); */
+                for (j = 0; j < cmd->nsyms; j++) {
+                    uintptr_t symsize, d;
+                    struct LP(nlist) *e = &nl[j];
+                        /* kprintf("[%2d][%4d]: %02x/%x/%x: %s %llx\n", i, j, e->n_type,e->n_sect,e->n_desc,strtab+e->n_un.n_strx,e->n_value); */
+                    if (e->n_type != N_FUN) continue;
+                    if (e->n_sect) {
+                        saddr = (uintptr_t)e->n_value + obj->base_addr - obj->vmaddr;
+                        sname = strtab + e->n_un.n_strx;
+                        /* kprintf("[%2d][%4d]: %02x/%x/%x: %s %llx\n", i, j, e->n_type,e->n_sect,e->n_desc,strtab+e->n_un.n_strx,e->n_value); */
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    for (int k = offset; k < num_traces; k++) {
+                        d = (uintptr_t)traces[k] - saddr;
+                        symsize = e->n_value;
+                        /* kprintf("%lx %lx %lx\n",saddr,symsize,traces[k]); */
+                        if (lines[k].line > 0 || d > (uintptr_t)symsize)
+                            continue;
+                        /* fill symbol name and addr from .symtab */
+                        if (!lines[k].sname) lines[k].sname = sname;
+                        lines[k].saddr = saddr;
+                        lines[k].path  = obj->path;
+                        lines[k].base_addr = obj->base_addr;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        p += lcmd->cmdsize;
+    }
+
+    if (obj->debug_info.ptr && obj->debug_abbrev.ptr) {
+        DebugInfoReader reader;
+        debug_info_reader_init(&reader, obj);
+        while (reader.p < reader.pend) {
+            if (di_read_cu(&reader)) goto fail;
+            debug_info_read(&reader, num_traces, traces, lines, offset);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (parse_debug_line(num_traces, traces,
+            obj->debug_line.ptr,
+            obj->debug_line.size,
+            obj, lines, offset) == -1)
+        goto fail;
+
+    return dladdr_fbase;
+fail:
+    return (uintptr_t)-1;
+}
+#endif
 
 #define HAVE_MAIN_EXE_PATH
 #if defined(__FreeBSD__)
@@ -642,17 +2104,22 @@ fail:
  * and returns strlen(binary_filename).
  * it is NUL terminated.
  */
-#if defined(__linux__)
-ssize_t
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__NetBSD__)
+static ssize_t
 main_exe_path(void)
 {
-# define PROC_SELF_EXE "/proc/self/exe"
+# if defined(__linux__)
+#  define PROC_SELF_EXE "/proc/self/exe"
+# elif defined(__NetBSD__)
+#  define PROC_SELF_EXE "/proc/curproc/exe"
+# endif
     ssize_t len = readlink(PROC_SELF_EXE, binary_filename, PATH_MAX);
+    if (len < 0) return 0;
     binary_filename[len] = 0;
     return len;
 }
 #elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
-ssize_t
+static ssize_t
 main_exe_path(void)
 {
     int mib[4] = {CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC, KERN_PROC_PATHNAME, -1};
@@ -665,10 +2132,66 @@ main_exe_path(void)
     len--; /* sysctl sets strlen+1 */
     return len;
 }
+#elif defined(HAVE_LIBPROC_H)
+static ssize_t
+main_exe_path(void)
+{
+    int len = proc_pidpath(getpid(), binary_filename, PATH_MAX);
+    if (len == 0) return 0;
+    binary_filename[len] = 0;
+    return len;
+}
 #else
 #undef HAVE_MAIN_EXE_PATH
 #endif
 
+static void
+print_line0(line_info_t *line, void *address)
+{
+    uintptr_t addr = (uintptr_t)address;
+    uintptr_t d = addr - line->saddr;
+    if (!address) {
+        /* inlined */
+        if (line->dirname && line->dirname[0]) {
+            kprintf("%s(%s) %s/%s:%d\n", line->path, line->sname, line->dirname, line->filename, line->line);
+        }
+        else {
+            kprintf("%s(%s) %s:%d\n", line->path, line->sname, line->filename, line->line);
+        }
+    }
+    else if (!line->path) {
+        kprintf("[0x%"PRIxPTR"]\n", addr);
+    }
+    else if (!line->saddr || !line->sname) {
+        kprintf("%s(0x%"PRIxPTR") [0x%"PRIxPTR"]\n", line->path, addr-line->base_addr, addr);
+    }
+    else if (line->line <= 0) {
+        kprintf("%s(%s+0x%"PRIxPTR") [0x%"PRIxPTR"]\n", line->path, line->sname,
+                d, addr);
+    }
+    else if (!line->filename) {
+        kprintf("%s(%s+0x%"PRIxPTR") [0x%"PRIxPTR"] ???:%d\n", line->path, line->sname,
+                d, addr, line->line);
+    }
+    else if (line->dirname && line->dirname[0]) {
+        kprintf("%s(%s+0x%"PRIxPTR") [0x%"PRIxPTR"] %s/%s:%d\n", line->path, line->sname,
+                d, addr, line->dirname, line->filename, line->line);
+    }
+    else {
+        kprintf("%s(%s+0x%"PRIxPTR") [0x%"PRIxPTR"] %s:%d\n", line->path, line->sname,
+                d, addr, line->filename, line->line);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+print_line(line_info_t *line, void *address)
+{
+    print_line0(line, address);
+    if (line->next) {
+        print_line(line->next, NULL);
+    }
+}
+
 void
 rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines(int num_traces, void **traces)
 {
@@ -720,8 +2243,11 @@ rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines(int num_traces, void **traces)
 	    path = info.dli_fname;
 	    obj->path = path;
 	    lines[i].path = path;
-	    strcpy(binary_filename, path);
-	    fill_lines(num_traces, traces, 1, &obj, lines, i);
+            lines[i].sname = info.dli_sname;
+            lines[i].saddr = (uintptr_t)info.dli_saddr;
+	    strlcpy(binary_filename, path, PATH_MAX);
+	    if (fill_lines(num_traces, traces, 1, &obj, lines, i) == (uintptr_t)-1)
+		break;
 	}
 next_line:
 	continue;
@@ -729,46 +2255,36 @@ next_line:
 
     /* output */
     for (i = 0; i < num_traces; i++) {
-	line_info_t *line = &lines[i];
-	uintptr_t addr = (uintptr_t)traces[i];
-	uintptr_t d = addr - line->saddr;
-	if (!line->path) {
-	    kprintf("[0x%lx]\n", addr);
-	}
-	else if (!line->saddr || !line->sname) {
-	    kprintf("%s [0x%lx]\n", line->path, addr);
-	}
-	else if (line->line <= 0) {
-	    kprintf("%s(%s+0x%lx) [0x%lx]\n", line->path, line->sname,
-		    d, addr);
-	}
-	else if (!line->filename) {
-	    kprintf("%s(%s+0x%lx) [0x%lx] ???:%d\n", line->path, line->sname,
-		    d, addr, line->line);
-	}
-	else if (line->dirname && line->dirname[0]) {
-	    kprintf("%s(%s+0x%lx) [0x%lx] %s/%s:%d\n", line->path, line->sname,
-		    d, addr, line->dirname, line->filename, line->line);
-	}
-	else {
-	    kprintf("%s(%s+0x%lx) [0x%lx] %s:%d\n", line->path, line->sname,
-		    d, addr, line->filename, line->line);
-	}
+        print_line(&lines[i], traces[i]);
+
 	/* FreeBSD's backtrace may show _start and so on */
-	if (line->sname && strcmp("main", line->sname) == 0)
+	if (lines[i].sname && strcmp("main", lines[i].sname) == 0)
 	    break;
     }
 
     /* free */
     while (obj) {
 	obj_info_t *o = obj;
-	obj = o->next;
-	if (o->fd) {
-	    munmap(o->mapped, o->mapped_size);
-	    close(o->fd);
+        for (i=0; i < DWARF_SECTION_COUNT; i++) {
+            struct dwarf_section *s = obj_dwarf_section_at(obj, i);
+            if (s->flags & SHF_COMPRESSED) {
+                free(s->ptr);
+            }
+        }
+	if (obj->mapped_size) {
+	    munmap(obj->mapped, obj->mapped_size);
 	}
+	obj = o->next;
 	free(o);
     }
+    for (i = 0; i < num_traces; i++) {
+        line_info_t *line = lines[i].next;
+        while (line) {
+            line_info_t *l = line;
+            line = line->next;
+            free(l);
+        }
+    }
     free(lines);
     free(dladdr_fbases);
 }
@@ -812,10 +2328,9 @@ next_line:
 
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #define MAXNBUF (sizeof(intmax_t) * CHAR_BIT + 1)
-extern int rb_toupper(int c);
-#define    toupper(c)  rb_toupper(c)
+static inline int toupper(int c) { return ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') ? (c&0x5f) : c; }
 #define    hex2ascii(hex)  (hex2ascii_data[hex])
-char const hex2ascii_data[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+static const char hex2ascii_data[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
 static inline int imax(int a, int b) { return (a > b ? a : b); }
 static int kvprintf(char const *fmt, void (*func)(int), void *arg, int radix, va_list ap);
 
@@ -829,7 +2344,7 @@ static void putce(int c)
     (void)ret;
 }
 
-int
+static int
 kprintf(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	va_list ap;
diff --git a/addr2line.h b/addr2line.h
index d99f010934..f09b665800 100644
--- a/addr2line.h
+++ b/addr2line.h
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#ifndef RUBY_ADDR2LINE_H
+#define RUBY_ADDR2LINE_H
 /**********************************************************************
 
   addr2line.h -
@@ -8,10 +10,7 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#ifndef RUBY_ADDR2LINE_H
-#define RUBY_ADDR2LINE_H
-
-#ifdef USE_ELF
+#if (defined(USE_ELF) || defined(HAVE_MACH_O_LOADER_H))
 
 void
 rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines(int num_traces, void **traces);
diff --git a/appveyor.yml b/appveyor.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ad4972f19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/appveyor.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+---
+version: '{build}'
+init:
+  - git config --global user.name git
+  - git config --global user.email svn-admin@ruby-lang.org
+clone_depth: 10
+platform:
+  - x64
+environment:
+  ruby_version: "24-%Platform%"
+  zlib_version: "1.2.12"
+  matrix:
+    - build: vs
+      vs: 120
+      ssl: OpenSSL
+      APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2013
+      GEMS_FOR_TEST: ""
+    - build: vs
+      vs: 140
+      ssl: OpenSSL-v111
+      APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+      GEMS_FOR_TEST: ""
+  RELINE_TEST_ENCODING: "Windows-31J"
+  UPDATE_UNICODE: "UNICODE_FILES=. UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES=. UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES=. UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES=."
+for:
+-
+  matrix:
+    only:
+      - build: vs
+  install:
+    - ver
+    - chcp
+    - SET BITS=%Platform:x86=32%
+    - SET BITS=%BITS:x=%
+    - SET OPENSSL_DIR=C:\%ssl%-Win%BITS%
+    - CALL SET vcvars=%%^VS%VS%COMNTOOLS^%%..\..\VC\vcvarsall.bat
+    - SET vcvars
+    - '"%vcvars%" %Platform:x64=amd64%'
+    - SET ruby_path=C:\Ruby%ruby_version:-x86=%
+    - SET PATH=\usr\local\bin;%ruby_path%\bin;%PATH%;C:\msys64\mingw64\bin;C:\msys64\usr\bin
+    - ruby --version
+    - 'cl'
+    - echo> Makefile srcdir=.
+    - echo>> Makefile MSC_VER=0
+    - echo>> Makefile RT=none
+    - echo>> Makefile RT_VER=0
+    - echo>> Makefile BUILTIN_ENCOBJS=nul
+    - type win32\Makefile.sub >> Makefile
+    - nmake %mflags% touch-unicode-files
+    - nmake %mflags% %UPDATE_UNICODE% incs
+    - nmake %mflags% extract-extlibs
+    - del Makefile
+    - mkdir \usr\local\bin
+    - mkdir \usr\local\include
+    - mkdir \usr\local\lib
+    - SET ZLIB_ZIP=.downloaded-cache\zlib%zlib_version:.=%.zip
+    - if not exist %ZLIB_ZIP% curl -fsSL -o %ZLIB_ZIP% --retry 10 https://zlib.net/zlib%zlib_version:.=%.zip
+    - 7z x -aos -o%APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%\ext\zlib %ZLIB_ZIP%
+    - for %%I in (%OPENSSL_DIR%\*.dll) do mklink /h \usr\local\bin\%%~nxI %%I
+    - attrib +r /s /d
+    - mkdir %Platform%-mswin_%vs%
+  build_script:
+    - cd %APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%
+    - cd %Platform%-mswin_%vs%
+    - ..\win32\configure.bat --without-ext=+,dbm,gdbm,readline --with-opt-dir=/usr/local --with-openssl-dir=%OPENSSL_DIR:\=/%
+    - nmake -l
+    - nmake install-nodoc
+    - \usr\bin\ruby -v -e "p :locale => Encoding.find('locale'), :filesystem => Encoding.find('filesystem')"
+    - if not "%GEMS_FOR_TEST%" == "" \usr\bin\gem install --no-document %GEMS_FOR_TEST%
+    - \usr\bin\ruby -ropenssl -e "puts 'Build    ' + OpenSSL::OPENSSL_VERSION, 'Runtime  ' + OpenSSL::OPENSSL_LIBRARY_VERSION"
+  test_script:
+    - set /a JOBS=%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%
+    - nmake -l "TESTOPTS=-v -q" btest
+    - nmake -l "TESTOPTS=-v -q" test-basic
+    - nmake -l "TESTOPTS=-v --timeout-scale=3.0 --excludes=../test/excludes/_appveyor -j%JOBS% --exclude readline --exclude win32ole --exclude test_bignum --exclude test_syntax --exclude test_open-uri --exclude test_bundled_ca" test-all
+    # separately execute tests without -j which may crash worker with -j.
+    - nmake -l "TESTOPTS=-v --timeout-scale=3.0 --excludes=../test/excludes/_appveyor" test-all TESTS="../test/win32ole ../test/ruby/test_bignum.rb ../test/ruby/test_syntax.rb ../test/open-uri/test_open-uri.rb ../test/rubygems/test_bundled_ca.rb"
+    - nmake -l test-spec MSPECOPT=-fs # not using `-j` because sometimes `mspec -j` silently dies on Windows
+notifications:
+  - provider: Webhook
+    method: POST
+    url:
+      secure: CcFlJNDJ/a6to7u3Z4Fnz6dScEPNx7hTha2GkSRlV+1U6dqmxY/7uBcLXYb9gR3jfQk6w+2o/HrjNAyXMNGU/JOka3s2WRI4VKitzM+lQ08owvJIh0R7LxrGH0J2e81U # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+    body: >-
+      {{^isPullRequest}}
+        {
+          "ci": "AppVeyor CI",
+          "env": "Visual Studio 2013 / 2015",
+          "url": "{{buildUrl}}",
+          "commit": "{{commitId}}",
+          "branch": "{{branch}}"
+        }
+      {{/isPullRequest}}
+    on_build_success: false
+    on_build_failure: true
+    on_build_status_changed: false
diff --git a/array.c b/array.c
index 7ced6578a4..b48a6431e7 100644
--- a/array.c
+++ b/array.c
@@ -11,45 +11,87 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
+#include "debug_counter.h"
+#include "id.h"
 #include "internal.h"
-#include "ruby/util.h"
-#include "ruby/st.h"
+#include "internal/array.h"
+#include "internal/compar.h"
+#include "internal/enum.h"
+#include "internal/gc.h"
+#include "internal/hash.h"
+#include "internal/numeric.h"
+#include "internal/object.h"
+#include "internal/proc.h"
+#include "internal/rational.h"
+#include "internal/vm.h"
 #include "probes.h"
-#include "id.h"
+#include "ruby/encoding.h"
+#include "ruby/st.h"
+#include "ruby/util.h"
+#include "transient_heap.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
 
-#ifndef ARRAY_DEBUG
+#if !ARRAY_DEBUG
+# undef NDEBUG
 # define NDEBUG
 #endif
-#include <assert.h>
+#include "ruby_assert.h"
 
 VALUE rb_cArray;
 
-static ID id_cmp, id_div, id_power;
+/* for OPTIMIZED_CMP: */
+#define id_cmp idCmp
 
 #define ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE 16
 #define ARY_MAX_SIZE (LONG_MAX / (int)sizeof(VALUE))
+#define SMALL_ARRAY_LEN 16
 
-# define ARY_SHARED_P(ary) \
-    (assert(!FL_TEST((ary), ELTS_SHARED) || !FL_TEST((ary), RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG)), \
-     FL_TEST((ary),ELTS_SHARED)!=0)
-# define ARY_EMBED_P(ary) \
-    (assert(!FL_TEST((ary), ELTS_SHARED) || !FL_TEST((ary), RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG)), \
-     FL_TEST((ary), RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG)!=0)
+RBIMPL_ATTR_MAYBE_UNUSED()
+static int
+should_be_T_ARRAY(VALUE ary)
+{
+    return RB_TYPE_P(ary, T_ARRAY);
+}
+
+RBIMPL_ATTR_MAYBE_UNUSED()
+static int
+should_not_be_shared_and_embedded(VALUE ary)
+{
+    return !FL_TEST((ary), ELTS_SHARED) || !FL_TEST((ary), RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG);
+}
+
+#define ARY_SHARED_P(ary) \
+  (assert(should_be_T_ARRAY((VALUE)(ary))), \
+   assert(should_not_be_shared_and_embedded((VALUE)ary)), \
+   FL_TEST_RAW((ary),ELTS_SHARED)!=0)
+
+#define ARY_EMBED_P(ary) \
+  (assert(should_be_T_ARRAY((VALUE)(ary))), \
+   assert(should_not_be_shared_and_embedded((VALUE)ary)), \
+   FL_TEST_RAW((ary), RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG) != 0)
 
 #define ARY_HEAP_PTR(a) (assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(a)), RARRAY(a)->as.heap.ptr)
 #define ARY_HEAP_LEN(a) (assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(a)), RARRAY(a)->as.heap.len)
+#define ARY_HEAP_CAPA(a) (assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(a)), assert(!ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(a)), \
+                          RARRAY(a)->as.heap.aux.capa)
+
 #define ARY_EMBED_PTR(a) (assert(ARY_EMBED_P(a)), RARRAY(a)->as.ary)
 #define ARY_EMBED_LEN(a) \
     (assert(ARY_EMBED_P(a)), \
      (long)((RBASIC(a)->flags >> RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT) & \
 	 (RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MASK >> RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT)))
-#define ARY_HEAP_SIZE(a) (assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(a)), assert(ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(a)), RARRAY(a)->as.heap.aux.capa * sizeof(VALUE))
+#define ARY_HEAP_SIZE(a) (assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(a)), assert(ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(a)), ARY_CAPA(a) * sizeof(VALUE))
+
+#define ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(a) (assert(should_be_T_ARRAY((VALUE)(a))), \
+                            !FL_TEST_RAW((a), ELTS_SHARED|RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG))
 
-#define ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(a) (!FL_TEST((a), ELTS_SHARED|RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG))
 #define FL_SET_EMBED(a) do { \
     assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(a)); \
     FL_SET((a), RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG); \
+    RARY_TRANSIENT_UNSET(a); \
+    ary_verify(a); \
 } while (0)
+
 #define FL_UNSET_EMBED(ary) FL_UNSET((ary), RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG|RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MASK)
 #define FL_SET_SHARED(ary) do { \
     assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); \
@@ -98,7 +140,7 @@ static ID id_cmp, id_div, id_power;
 } while (0)
 
 #define ARY_CAPA(ary) (ARY_EMBED_P(ary) ? RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX : \
-		       ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary) ? RARRAY_LEN(ary) : RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa)
+                       ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary) ? RARRAY_LEN(ary) : ARY_HEAP_CAPA(ary))
 #define ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, n) do { \
     assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); \
     assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(ary)); \
@@ -106,33 +148,116 @@ static ID id_cmp, id_div, id_power;
     RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa = (n); \
 } while (0)
 
-#define ARY_SHARED(ary) (assert(ARY_SHARED_P(ary)), RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.shared)
+#define ARY_SHARED_ROOT(ary) (assert(ARY_SHARED_P(ary)), RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.shared_root)
 #define ARY_SET_SHARED(ary, value) do { \
     const VALUE _ary_ = (ary); \
     const VALUE _value_ = (value); \
     assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(_ary_)); \
     assert(ARY_SHARED_P(_ary_)); \
     assert(ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(_value_)); \
-    RB_OBJ_WRITE(_ary_, &RARRAY(_ary_)->as.heap.aux.shared, _value_); \
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(_ary_, &RARRAY(_ary_)->as.heap.aux.shared_root, _value_); \
 } while (0)
 #define RARRAY_SHARED_ROOT_FLAG FL_USER5
-#define ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary) (FL_TEST((ary), RARRAY_SHARED_ROOT_FLAG))
-#define ARY_SHARED_NUM(ary) \
+#define ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary) (assert(should_be_T_ARRAY((VALUE)(ary))), \
+                                FL_TEST_RAW((ary), RARRAY_SHARED_ROOT_FLAG))
+#define ARY_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(ary) \
     (assert(ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary)), RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa)
-#define ARY_SHARED_OCCUPIED(ary) (ARY_SHARED_NUM(ary) == 1)
-#define ARY_SET_SHARED_NUM(ary, value) do { \
+#define ARY_SHARED_ROOT_OCCUPIED(ary) (ARY_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(ary) == 1)
+#define ARY_SET_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(ary, value) do { \
     assert(ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary)); \
     RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa = (value); \
 } while (0)
 #define FL_SET_SHARED_ROOT(ary) do { \
     assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); \
+    assert(!RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary)); \
     FL_SET((ary), RARRAY_SHARED_ROOT_FLAG); \
 } while (0)
 
-#define ARY_SET(a, i, v) RARRAY_ASET((assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(a)), (a)), (i), (v))
+static inline void
+ARY_SET(VALUE a, long i, VALUE v)
+{
+    assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(a));
+    assert(!OBJ_FROZEN(a));
+
+    RARRAY_ASET(a, i, v);
+}
+#undef RARRAY_ASET
+
+
+#if ARRAY_DEBUG
+#define ary_verify(ary) ary_verify_(ary, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+static VALUE
+ary_verify_(VALUE ary, const char *file, int line)
+{
+    assert(RB_TYPE_P(ary, T_ARRAY));
+
+    if (FL_TEST(ary, ELTS_SHARED)) {
+        VALUE root = RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.shared_root;
+        const VALUE *ptr = ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary);
+        const VALUE *root_ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(root);
+        long len = ARY_HEAP_LEN(ary), root_len = RARRAY_LEN(root);
+        assert(FL_TEST(root, RARRAY_SHARED_ROOT_FLAG));
+        assert(root_ptr <= ptr && ptr + len <= root_ptr + root_len);
+        ary_verify(root);
+    }
+    else if (ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) {
+        assert(!RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary));
+        assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(ary));
+        assert(RARRAY_LEN(ary) <= RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX);
+    }
+    else {
+#if 1
+        const VALUE *ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
+        long i, len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+        volatile VALUE v;
+        if (len > 1) len = 1; /* check only HEAD */
+        for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
+            v = ptr[i]; /* access check */
+        }
+        v = v;
+#endif
+    }
+
+#if USE_TRANSIENT_HEAP
+    if (RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary)) {
+        assert(rb_transient_heap_managed_ptr_p(RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary)));
+    }
+#endif
+
+    rb_transient_heap_verify();
+
+    return ary;
+}
 
 void
-rb_mem_clear(register VALUE *mem, register long size)
+rb_ary_verify(VALUE ary)
+{
+    ary_verify(ary);
+}
+#else
+#define ary_verify(ary) ((void)0)
+#endif
+
+VALUE *
+rb_ary_ptr_use_start(VALUE ary)
+{
+#if ARRAY_DEBUG
+    FL_SET_RAW(ary, RARRAY_PTR_IN_USE_FLAG);
+#endif
+    return (VALUE *)RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
+}
+
+void
+rb_ary_ptr_use_end(VALUE ary)
+{
+#if ARRAY_DEBUG
+    FL_UNSET_RAW(ary, RARRAY_PTR_IN_USE_FLAG);
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+rb_mem_clear(VALUE *mem, long size)
 {
     while (size--) {
 	*mem++ = Qnil;
@@ -142,7 +267,7 @@ rb_mem_clear(register VALUE *mem, register long size)
 static void
 ary_mem_clear(VALUE ary, long beg, long size)
 {
-    RARRAY_PTR_USE(ary, ptr, {
+    RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
 	rb_mem_clear(ptr + beg, size);
     });
 }
@@ -158,7 +283,7 @@ memfill(register VALUE *mem, register long size, register VALUE val)
 static void
 ary_memfill(VALUE ary, long beg, long size, VALUE val)
 {
-    RARRAY_PTR_USE(ary, ptr, {
+    RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
 	memfill(ptr + beg, size, val);
 	RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(ary, Qundef, val);
     });
@@ -167,28 +292,22 @@ ary_memfill(VALUE ary, long beg, long size, VALUE val)
 static void
 ary_memcpy0(VALUE ary, long beg, long argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE buff_owner_ary)
 {
-#if 1
     assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(buff_owner_ary));
 
     if (argc > (int)(128/sizeof(VALUE)) /* is magic number (cache line size) */) {
-	rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(buff_owner_ary);
-	RARRAY_PTR_USE(ary, ptr, {
-	    MEMCPY(ptr+beg, argv, VALUE, argc);
-	});
+        rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(buff_owner_ary);
+        RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
+            MEMCPY(ptr+beg, argv, VALUE, argc);
+        });
     }
     else {
-	int i;
-	RARRAY_PTR_USE(ary, ptr, {
-	    for (i=0; i<argc; i++) {
-		RB_OBJ_WRITE(buff_owner_ary, &ptr[i+beg], argv[i]);
-	    }
-	});
+        int i;
+        RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
+            for (i=0; i<argc; i++) {
+                RB_OBJ_WRITE(buff_owner_ary, &ptr[i+beg], argv[i]);
+            }
+        });
     }
-#else
-    /* giveup write barrier (traditional way) */
-    RARRAY_PTR(buff_owner_ary);
-    MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(ary)+beg, argv, VALUE, argc);
-#endif
 }
 
 static void
@@ -197,49 +316,175 @@ ary_memcpy(VALUE ary, long beg, long argc, const VALUE *argv)
     ary_memcpy0(ary, beg, argc, argv, ary);
 }
 
+static VALUE *
+ary_heap_alloc(VALUE ary, size_t capa)
+{
+    VALUE *ptr = rb_transient_heap_alloc(ary, sizeof(VALUE) * capa);
+
+    if (ptr != NULL) {
+        RARY_TRANSIENT_SET(ary);
+    }
+    else {
+        RARY_TRANSIENT_UNSET(ary);
+        ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, capa);
+    }
+
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+static void
+ary_heap_free_ptr(VALUE ary, const VALUE *ptr, long size)
+{
+    if (RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary)) {
+        /* ignore it */
+    }
+    else {
+        ruby_sized_xfree((void *)ptr, size);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ary_heap_free(VALUE ary)
+{
+    if (RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary)) {
+        RARY_TRANSIENT_UNSET(ary);
+    }
+    else {
+        ary_heap_free_ptr(ary, ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary), ARY_HEAP_SIZE(ary));
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ary_heap_realloc(VALUE ary, size_t new_capa)
+{
+    size_t old_capa = ARY_HEAP_CAPA(ary);
+
+    if (RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary)) {
+        if (new_capa <= old_capa) {
+            /* do nothing */
+        }
+        else {
+            VALUE *new_ptr = rb_transient_heap_alloc(ary, sizeof(VALUE) * new_capa);
+
+            if (new_ptr == NULL) {
+                new_ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, new_capa);
+                RARY_TRANSIENT_UNSET(ary);
+            }
+
+            MEMCPY(new_ptr, ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary), VALUE, old_capa);
+            ARY_SET_PTR(ary, new_ptr);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        SIZED_REALLOC_N(RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.ptr, VALUE, new_capa, old_capa);
+    }
+    ary_verify(ary);
+}
+
+#if USE_TRANSIENT_HEAP
+static inline void
+rb_ary_transient_heap_evacuate_(VALUE ary, int transient, int promote)
+{
+    if (transient) {
+        VALUE *new_ptr;
+        const VALUE *old_ptr = ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary);
+        long capa = ARY_HEAP_CAPA(ary);
+        long len  = ARY_HEAP_LEN(ary);
+
+        if (ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary)) {
+            capa = len;
+        }
+
+        assert(ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(ary));
+        assert(RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary));
+        assert(!ARY_PTR_USING_P(ary));
+
+        if (promote) {
+            new_ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, capa);
+            RARY_TRANSIENT_UNSET(ary);
+        }
+        else {
+            new_ptr = ary_heap_alloc(ary, capa);
+        }
+
+        MEMCPY(new_ptr, old_ptr, VALUE, capa);
+        /* do not use ARY_SET_PTR() because they assert !frozen */
+        RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.ptr = new_ptr;
+    }
+
+    ary_verify(ary);
+}
+
+void
+rb_ary_transient_heap_evacuate(VALUE ary, int promote)
+{
+    rb_ary_transient_heap_evacuate_(ary, RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary), promote);
+}
+
+void
+rb_ary_detransient(VALUE ary)
+{
+    assert(RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary));
+    rb_ary_transient_heap_evacuate_(ary, TRUE, TRUE);
+}
+#else
+void
+rb_ary_detransient(VALUE ary)
+{
+    /* do nothing */
+}
+#endif
+
 static void
 ary_resize_capa(VALUE ary, long capacity)
 {
     assert(RARRAY_LEN(ary) <= capacity);
     assert(!OBJ_FROZEN(ary));
     assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(ary));
+
     if (capacity > RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
         if (ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) {
             long len = ARY_EMBED_LEN(ary);
-            VALUE *ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, (capacity));
+            VALUE *ptr = ary_heap_alloc(ary, capacity);
+
             MEMCPY(ptr, ARY_EMBED_PTR(ary), VALUE, len);
             FL_UNSET_EMBED(ary);
             ARY_SET_PTR(ary, ptr);
             ARY_SET_HEAP_LEN(ary, len);
         }
         else {
-	    SIZED_REALLOC_N(RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.ptr, VALUE, capacity, RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa);
+            ary_heap_realloc(ary, capacity);
         }
-        ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, (capacity));
+        ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, capacity);
     }
     else {
         if (!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) {
-            long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-	    const VALUE *ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary);
+            long len = ARY_HEAP_LEN(ary);
+            long old_capa = ARY_HEAP_CAPA(ary);
+            const VALUE *ptr = ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary);
 
-	    if (len > capacity) len = capacity;
+            if (len > capacity) len = capacity;
             MEMCPY((VALUE *)RARRAY(ary)->as.ary, ptr, VALUE, len);
+            ary_heap_free_ptr(ary, ptr, old_capa);
+
             FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
             ARY_SET_LEN(ary, len);
-	    ruby_xfree((VALUE *)ptr);
         }
     }
+
+    ary_verify(ary);
 }
 
 static inline void
 ary_shrink_capa(VALUE ary)
 {
     long capacity = ARY_HEAP_LEN(ary);
-    long old_capa = RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa;
+    long old_capa = ARY_HEAP_CAPA(ary);
     assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(ary));
     assert(old_capa >= capacity);
-    if (old_capa > capacity)
-	REALLOC_N(RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.ptr, VALUE, capacity);
+    if (old_capa > capacity) ary_heap_realloc(ary, capacity);
+
+    ary_verify(ary);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -255,19 +500,21 @@ ary_double_capa(VALUE ary, long min)
     }
     new_capa += min;
     ary_resize_capa(ary, new_capa);
+
+    ary_verify(ary);
 }
 
 static void
-rb_ary_decrement_share(VALUE shared)
+rb_ary_decrement_share(VALUE shared_root)
 {
-    if (shared) {
-	long num = ARY_SHARED_NUM(shared) - 1;
+    if (shared_root) {
+        long num = ARY_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(shared_root) - 1;
 	if (num == 0) {
-	    rb_ary_free(shared);
-	    rb_gc_force_recycle(shared);
+            rb_ary_free(shared_root);
+            rb_gc_force_recycle(shared_root);
 	}
 	else if (num > 0) {
-	    ARY_SET_SHARED_NUM(shared, num);
+            ARY_SET_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(shared_root, num);
 	}
     }
 }
@@ -275,8 +522,8 @@ rb_ary_decrement_share(VALUE shared)
 static void
 rb_ary_unshare(VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE shared = RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.shared;
-    rb_ary_decrement_share(shared);
+    VALUE shared_root = RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.shared_root;
+    rb_ary_decrement_share(shared_root);
     FL_UNSET_SHARED(ary);
 }
 
@@ -289,65 +536,77 @@ rb_ary_unshare_safe(VALUE ary)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-rb_ary_increment_share(VALUE shared)
+rb_ary_increment_share(VALUE shared_root)
 {
-    long num = ARY_SHARED_NUM(shared);
+    long num = ARY_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(shared_root);
     if (num >= 0) {
-	ARY_SET_SHARED_NUM(shared, num + 1);
+        ARY_SET_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(shared_root, num + 1);
     }
-    return shared;
+    return shared_root;
 }
 
 static void
-rb_ary_set_shared(VALUE ary, VALUE shared)
+rb_ary_set_shared(VALUE ary, VALUE shared_root)
 {
-    rb_ary_increment_share(shared);
+    rb_ary_increment_share(shared_root);
     FL_SET_SHARED(ary);
-    ARY_SET_SHARED(ary, shared);
+    RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_ary_shared_create);
+    ARY_SET_SHARED(ary, shared_root);
 }
 
 static inline void
 rb_ary_modify_check(VALUE ary)
 {
     rb_check_frozen(ary);
+    ary_verify(ary);
 }
 
 void
-rb_ary_modify(VALUE ary)
+rb_ary_cancel_sharing(VALUE ary)
 {
-    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
     if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
-	long shared_len, len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-	VALUE shared = ARY_SHARED(ary);
+        long shared_len, len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+        VALUE shared_root = ARY_SHARED_ROOT(ary);
+
+        ary_verify(shared_root);
+
         if (len <= RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
-	    const VALUE *ptr = ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary);
+            const VALUE *ptr = ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary);
             FL_UNSET_SHARED(ary);
             FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
-	    MEMCPY((VALUE *)ARY_EMBED_PTR(ary), ptr, VALUE, len);
-            rb_ary_decrement_share(shared);
+            MEMCPY((VALUE *)ARY_EMBED_PTR(ary), ptr, VALUE, len);
+            rb_ary_decrement_share(shared_root);
             ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(ary, len);
         }
-	else if (ARY_SHARED_OCCUPIED(shared) && len > ((shared_len = RARRAY_LEN(shared))>>1)) {
-	    long shift = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary) - RARRAY_CONST_PTR(shared);
-	    FL_UNSET_SHARED(ary);
-	    ARY_SET_PTR(ary, RARRAY_CONST_PTR(shared));
-	    ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, shared_len);
-	    RARRAY_PTR_USE(ary, ptr, {
-		MEMMOVE(ptr, ptr+shift, VALUE, len);
-	    });
-	    FL_SET_EMBED(shared);
-	    rb_ary_decrement_share(shared);
-	}
+        else if (ARY_SHARED_ROOT_OCCUPIED(shared_root) && len > ((shared_len = RARRAY_LEN(shared_root))>>1)) {
+            long shift = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary) - RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(shared_root);
+            FL_UNSET_SHARED(ary);
+            ARY_SET_PTR(ary, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(shared_root));
+            ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, shared_len);
+            RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
+                MEMMOVE(ptr, ptr+shift, VALUE, len);
+            });
+            FL_SET_EMBED(shared_root);
+            rb_ary_decrement_share(shared_root);
+        }
         else {
-            VALUE *ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, len);
-            MEMCPY(ptr, RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary), VALUE, len);
+            VALUE *ptr = ary_heap_alloc(ary, len);
+            MEMCPY(ptr, ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary), VALUE, len);
             rb_ary_unshare(ary);
             ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, len);
             ARY_SET_PTR(ary, ptr);
         }
 
-	rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(ary);
+        rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(ary);
     }
+    ary_verify(ary);
+}
+
+void
+rb_ary_modify(VALUE ary)
+{
+    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+    rb_ary_cancel_sharing(ary);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -362,11 +621,14 @@ ary_ensure_room_for_push(VALUE ary, long add_len)
     }
     if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
 	if (new_len > RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
-	    VALUE shared = ARY_SHARED(ary);
-	    if (ARY_SHARED_OCCUPIED(shared)) {
-		if (RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary) - RARRAY_CONST_PTR(shared) + new_len <= RARRAY_LEN(shared)) {
+            VALUE shared_root = ARY_SHARED_ROOT(ary);
+            if (ARY_SHARED_ROOT_OCCUPIED(shared_root)) {
+                if (ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary) - RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(shared_root) + new_len <= RARRAY_LEN(shared_root)) {
 		    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-		    return shared;
+
+                    ary_verify(ary);
+                    ary_verify(shared_root);
+                    return shared_root;
 		}
 		else {
 		    /* if array is shared, then it is likely it participate in push/shift pattern */
@@ -375,28 +637,37 @@ ary_ensure_room_for_push(VALUE ary, long add_len)
 		    if (new_len > capa - (capa >> 6)) {
 			ary_double_capa(ary, new_len);
 		    }
+                    ary_verify(ary);
 		    return ary;
 		}
 	    }
 	}
+        ary_verify(ary);
+        rb_ary_modify(ary);
+    }
+    else {
+	rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
     }
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
     capa = ARY_CAPA(ary);
     if (new_len > capa) {
 	ary_double_capa(ary, new_len);
     }
 
+    ary_verify(ary);
     return ary;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *      ary.freeze -> ary
+ *    array.freeze -> self
  *
- *  Calls Object#freeze on +ary+ to prevent any further
- *  modification. A RuntimeError will be raised if a modification
- *  attempt is made.
+ *  Freezes +self+; returns +self+:
+ *    a = []
+ *    a.frozen? # => false
+ *    a.freeze
+ *    a.frozen? # => true
  *
+ *  An attempt to modify a frozen \Array raises FrozenError.
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -405,21 +676,6 @@ rb_ary_freeze(VALUE ary)
     return rb_obj_freeze(ary);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.frozen?  -> true or false
- *
- *  Return +true+ if this array is frozen (or temporarily frozen
- *  while being sorted). See also Object#frozen?
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_frozen_p(VALUE ary)
-{
-    if (OBJ_FROZEN(ary)) return Qtrue;
-    return Qfalse;
-}
-
 /* This can be used to take a snapshot of an array (with
    e.g. rb_ary_replace) and check later whether the array has been
    modified from the snapshot.  The snapshot is cheap, though if
@@ -432,7 +688,7 @@ rb_ary_shared_with_p(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
 {
     if (!ARY_EMBED_P(ary1) && ARY_SHARED_P(ary1) &&
 	!ARY_EMBED_P(ary2) && ARY_SHARED_P(ary2) &&
-	RARRAY(ary1)->as.heap.aux.shared == RARRAY(ary2)->as.heap.aux.shared &&
+        RARRAY(ary1)->as.heap.aux.shared_root == RARRAY(ary2)->as.heap.aux.shared_root &&
 	RARRAY(ary1)->as.heap.len == RARRAY(ary2)->as.heap.len) {
 	return Qtrue;
     }
@@ -453,10 +709,7 @@ ary_alloc(VALUE klass)
 static VALUE
 empty_ary_alloc(VALUE klass)
 {
-    if (RUBY_DTRACE_ARRAY_CREATE_ENABLED()) {
-	RUBY_DTRACE_ARRAY_CREATE(0, rb_sourcefile(), rb_sourceline());
-    }
-
+    RUBY_DTRACE_CREATE_HOOK(ARRAY, 0);
     return ary_alloc(klass);
 }
 
@@ -472,13 +725,11 @@ ary_new(VALUE klass, long capa)
 	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "array size too big");
     }
 
-    if (RUBY_DTRACE_ARRAY_CREATE_ENABLED()) {
-	RUBY_DTRACE_ARRAY_CREATE(capa, rb_sourcefile(), rb_sourceline());
-    }
+    RUBY_DTRACE_CREATE_HOOK(ARRAY, capa);
 
     ary = ary_alloc(klass);
     if (capa > RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
-	ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, capa);
+        ptr = ary_heap_alloc(ary, capa);
         FL_UNSET_EMBED(ary);
         ARY_SET_PTR(ary, ptr);
         ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, capa);
@@ -519,12 +770,70 @@ VALUE
     return ary;
 }
 
+MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED VALUE
+rb_ary_tmp_new_from_values(VALUE klass, long n, const VALUE *elts)
+{
+    VALUE ary;
+
+    ary = ary_new(klass, n);
+    if (n > 0 && elts) {
+	ary_memcpy(ary, 0, n, elts);
+	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, n);
+    }
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
 VALUE
 rb_ary_new_from_values(long n, const VALUE *elts)
 {
+    return rb_ary_tmp_new_from_values(rb_cArray, n, elts);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ec_ary_alloc(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE klass)
+{
+    RB_EC_NEWOBJ_OF(ec, ary, struct RArray, klass, T_ARRAY | RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_ARRAY ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0));
+    /* Created array is:
+     *   FL_SET_EMBED((VALUE)ary);
+     *   ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN((VALUE)ary, 0);
+     */
+    return (VALUE)ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ec_ary_new(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE klass, long capa)
+{
+    VALUE ary,*ptr;
+
+    if (capa < 0) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative array size (or size too big)");
+    }
+    if (capa > ARY_MAX_SIZE) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "array size too big");
+    }
+
+    RUBY_DTRACE_CREATE_HOOK(ARRAY, capa);
+
+    ary = ec_ary_alloc(ec, klass);
+
+    if (capa > RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
+        ptr = ary_heap_alloc(ary, capa);
+        FL_UNSET_EMBED(ary);
+        ARY_SET_PTR(ary, ptr);
+        ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, capa);
+        ARY_SET_HEAP_LEN(ary, 0);
+    }
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_ec_ary_new_from_values(rb_execution_context_t *ec, long n, const VALUE *elts)
+{
     VALUE ary;
 
-    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    ary = ec_ary_new(ec, rb_cArray, n);
     if (n > 0 && elts) {
 	ary_memcpy(ary, 0, n, elts);
 	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, n);
@@ -536,7 +845,9 @@ rb_ary_new_from_values(long n, const VALUE *elts)
 VALUE
 rb_ary_tmp_new(long capa)
 {
-    return ary_new(0, capa);
+    VALUE ary = ary_new(0, capa);
+    rb_ary_transient_heap_evacuate(ary, TRUE);
+    return ary;
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -545,6 +856,7 @@ rb_ary_tmp_new_fill(long capa)
     VALUE ary = ary_new(0, capa);
     ary_memfill(ary, 0, capa, Qnil);
     ARY_SET_LEN(ary, capa);
+    rb_ary_transient_heap_evacuate(ary, TRUE);
     return ary;
 }
 
@@ -552,7 +864,29 @@ void
 rb_ary_free(VALUE ary)
 {
     if (ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(ary)) {
-	ruby_sized_xfree((void *)ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary), ARY_HEAP_SIZE(ary));
+        if (USE_DEBUG_COUNTER &&
+            !ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary) &&
+            ARY_HEAP_CAPA(ary) > RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
+            RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_ary_extracapa);
+        }
+
+        if (RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary)) {
+            RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_ary_transient);
+        }
+        else {
+            RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_ary_ptr);
+            ary_heap_free(ary);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_ary_embed);
+    }
+
+    if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
+        RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_ary_shared);
+    }
+    if (ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary) && ARY_SHARED_ROOT_OCCUPIED(ary)) {
+        RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_ary_shared_root_occupied);
     }
 }
 
@@ -560,7 +894,7 @@ RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED size_t
 rb_ary_memsize(VALUE ary)
 {
     if (ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(ary)) {
-	return RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa * sizeof(VALUE);
+	return ARY_CAPA(ary) * sizeof(VALUE);
     }
     else {
 	return 0;
@@ -572,39 +906,52 @@ ary_discard(VALUE ary)
 {
     rb_ary_free(ary);
     RBASIC(ary)->flags |= RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG;
-    RBASIC(ary)->flags &= ~RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MASK;
+    RBASIC(ary)->flags &= ~(RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MASK | RARRAY_TRANSIENT_FLAG);
 }
 
 static VALUE
 ary_make_shared(VALUE ary)
 {
     assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary));
+    ary_verify(ary);
+
     if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
-	return ARY_SHARED(ary);
+        return ARY_SHARED_ROOT(ary);
     }
     else if (ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary)) {
 	return ary;
     }
     else if (OBJ_FROZEN(ary)) {
+        rb_ary_transient_heap_evacuate(ary, TRUE);
 	ary_shrink_capa(ary);
 	FL_SET_SHARED_ROOT(ary);
-	ARY_SET_SHARED_NUM(ary, 1);
+        ARY_SET_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(ary, 1);
 	return ary;
     }
     else {
 	long capa = ARY_CAPA(ary), len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+        const VALUE *ptr;
 	NEWOBJ_OF(shared, struct RArray, 0, T_ARRAY | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_ARRAY ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0));
-        FL_UNSET_EMBED(shared);
+        VALUE vshared = (VALUE)shared;
+
+        rb_ary_transient_heap_evacuate(ary, TRUE);
+        ptr = ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary);
 
-	ARY_SET_LEN((VALUE)shared, capa);
-	ARY_SET_PTR((VALUE)shared, RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary));
-	ary_mem_clear((VALUE)shared, len, capa - len);
-	FL_SET_SHARED_ROOT(shared);
-	ARY_SET_SHARED_NUM((VALUE)shared, 1);
+        FL_UNSET_EMBED(vshared);
+        ARY_SET_LEN(vshared, capa);
+        ARY_SET_PTR(vshared, ptr);
+        ary_mem_clear(vshared, len, capa - len);
+        FL_SET_SHARED_ROOT(vshared);
+        ARY_SET_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(vshared, 1);
 	FL_SET_SHARED(ary);
-	ARY_SET_SHARED(ary, (VALUE)shared);
-	OBJ_FREEZE(shared);
-	return (VALUE)shared;
+        RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_ary_shared_create);
+        ARY_SET_SHARED(ary, vshared);
+        OBJ_FREEZE(vshared);
+
+        ary_verify(vshared);
+        ary_verify(ary);
+
+        return vshared;
     }
 }
 
@@ -615,7 +962,7 @@ ary_make_substitution(VALUE ary)
 
     if (len <= RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
 	VALUE subst = rb_ary_new2(len);
-	ary_memcpy(subst, 0, len, RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary));
+        ary_memcpy(subst, 0, len, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary));
         ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(subst, len);
         return subst;
     }
@@ -630,35 +977,37 @@ rb_assoc_new(VALUE car, VALUE cdr)
     return rb_ary_new3(2, car, cdr);
 }
 
-static VALUE
-to_ary(VALUE ary)
+VALUE
+rb_to_array_type(VALUE ary)
 {
-    return rb_convert_type(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
+    return rb_convert_type_with_id(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", idTo_ary);
 }
+#define to_ary rb_to_array_type
 
 VALUE
 rb_check_array_type(VALUE ary)
 {
-    return rb_check_convert_type(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
+    return rb_check_convert_type_with_id(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", idTo_ary);
+}
+
+MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED VALUE
+rb_check_to_array(VALUE ary)
+{
+    return rb_check_convert_type_with_id(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", idTo_a);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     Array.try_convert(obj) -> array or nil
+ *    Array.try_convert(object) -> object, new_array, or nil
  *
- *  Tries to convert +obj+ into an array, using +to_ary+ method.  Returns the
- *  converted array or +nil+ if +obj+ cannot be converted for any reason.
- *  This method can be used to check if an argument is an array.
+ *  If +object+ is an \Array object, returns +object+.
  *
- *     Array.try_convert([1])   #=> [1]
- *     Array.try_convert("1")   #=> nil
+ *  Otherwise if +object+ responds to <tt>:to_ary</tt>,
+ *  calls <tt>object.to_ary</tt> and returns the result.
  *
- *     if tmp = Array.try_convert(arg)
- *       # the argument is an array
- *     elsif tmp = String.try_convert(arg)
- *       # the argument is a string
- *     end
+ *  Returns +nil+ if +object+ does not respond to <tt>:to_ary</tt>
  *
+ *  Raises an exception unless <tt>object.to_ary</tt> returns an \Array object.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -669,58 +1018,46 @@ rb_ary_s_try_convert(VALUE dummy, VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     Array.new(size=0, default=nil)
- *     Array.new(array)
- *     Array.new(size) {|index| block }
- *
- *  Returns a new array.
- *
- *  In the first form, if no arguments are sent, the new array will be empty.
- *  When a +size+ and an optional +default+ are sent, an array is created with
- *  +size+ copies of +default+.  Take notice that all elements will reference the
- *  same object +default+.
- *
- *  The second form creates a copy of the array passed as a parameter (the
- *  array is generated by calling to_ary on the parameter).
- *
- *    first_array = ["Matz", "Guido"]
- *
- *    second_array = Array.new(first_array) #=> ["Matz", "Guido"]
- *
- *    first_array.equal? second_array       #=> false
- *
- *  In the last form, an array of the given size is created.  Each element in
- *  this array is created by passing the element's index to the given block
- *  and storing the return value.
- *
- *    Array.new(3){ |index| index ** 2 }
- *    # => [0, 1, 4]
- *
- *  == Common gotchas
- *
- *  When sending the second parameter, the same object will be used as the
- *  value for all the array elements:
- *
- *     a = Array.new(2, Hash.new)
- *     # => [{}, {}]
- *
- *     a[0]['cat'] = 'feline'
- *     a # => [{"cat"=>"feline"}, {"cat"=>"feline"}]
- *
- *     a[1]['cat'] = 'Felix'
- *     a # => [{"cat"=>"Felix"}, {"cat"=>"Felix"}]
- *
- *  Since all the Array elements store the same hash, changes to one of them
- *  will affect them all.
- *
- *  If multiple copies are what you want, you should use the block
- *  version which uses the result of that block each time an element
- *  of the array needs to be initialized:
- *
- *     a = Array.new(2) { Hash.new }
- *     a[0]['cat'] = 'feline'
- *     a # => [{"cat"=>"feline"}, {}]
- *
+ *    Array.new -> new_empty_array
+ *    Array.new(array) -> new_array
+ *    Array.new(size) -> new_array
+ *    Array.new(size, default_value) -> new_array
+ *    Array.new(size) {|index| ... } -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array.
+ *
+ *  With no block and no arguments, returns a new empty \Array object.
+ *
+ *  With no block and a single \Array argument +array+,
+ *  returns a new \Array formed from +array+:
+ *    a = Array.new([:foo, 'bar', 2])
+ *    a.class # => Array
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  With no block and a single \Integer argument +size+,
+ *  returns a new \Array of the given size
+ *  whose elements are all +nil+:
+ *    a = Array.new(3)
+ *    a # => [nil, nil, nil]
+ *
+ *  With no block and arguments +size+ and +default_value+,
+ *  returns an \Array of the given size;
+ *  each element is that same +default_value+:
+ *    a = Array.new(3, 'x')
+ *    a # => ['x', 'x', 'x']
+ *
+ *  With a block and argument +size+,
+ *  returns an \Array of the given size;
+ *  the block is called with each successive integer +index+;
+ *  the element for that +index+ is the return value from the block:
+ *    a = Array.new(3) {|index| "Element #{index}" }
+ *    a # => ["Element 0", "Element 1", "Element 2"]
+ *
+ *  Raises ArgumentError if +size+ is negative.
+ *
+ *  With a block and no argument,
+ *  or a single argument +0+,
+ *  ignores the block and returns a new empty \Array.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -731,8 +1068,8 @@ rb_ary_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
     if (argc == 0) {
-	if (ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(ary) && RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary) != 0) {
-	    ruby_sized_xfree((void *)RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary), ARY_HEAP_SIZE(ary));
+        if (ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(ary) && ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary) != NULL) {
+            ary_heap_free(ary);
 	}
         rb_ary_unshare_safe(ary);
         FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
@@ -783,7 +1120,7 @@ rb_ary_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 /*
  * Returns a new array populated with the given objects.
  *
- *   Array.[]( 1, 'a', /^A/ ) # => [1, "a", /^A/]
+ *   Array.[]( 1, 'a', /^A/)  # => [1, "a", /^A/]
  *   Array[ 1, 'a', /^A/ ]    # => [1, "a", /^A/]
  *   [ 1, 'a', /^A/ ]         # => [1, "a", /^A/]
  */
@@ -839,7 +1176,7 @@ ary_make_partial(VALUE ary, VALUE klass, long offset, long len)
 
     if (len <= RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
         VALUE result = ary_alloc(klass);
-	ary_memcpy(result, 0, len, RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary) + offset);
+        ary_memcpy(result, 0, len, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary) + offset);
         ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(result, len);
         return result;
     }
@@ -848,20 +1185,69 @@ ary_make_partial(VALUE ary, VALUE klass, long offset, long len)
         FL_UNSET_EMBED(result);
 
         shared = ary_make_shared(ary);
-        ARY_SET_PTR(result, RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary));
+        ARY_SET_PTR(result, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary));
         ARY_SET_LEN(result, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
         rb_ary_set_shared(result, shared);
 
         ARY_INCREASE_PTR(result, offset);
         ARY_SET_LEN(result, len);
+
+        ary_verify(shared);
+        ary_verify(result);
         return result;
     }
 }
 
 static VALUE
+ary_make_partial_step(VALUE ary, VALUE klass, long offset, long len, long step)
+{
+    assert(offset >= 0);
+    assert(len >= 0);
+    assert(offset+len <= RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+    assert(step != 0);
+
+    const VALUE *values = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
+    const long orig_len = len;
+
+    if ((step > 0 && step >= len) || (step < 0 && (step < -len))) {
+        VALUE result = ary_new(klass, 1);
+        VALUE *ptr = (VALUE *)ARY_EMBED_PTR(result);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITE(result, ptr, values[offset]);
+        ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(result, 1);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    long ustep = (step < 0) ? -step : step;
+    len = (len + ustep - 1) / ustep;
+
+    long i;
+    long j = offset + ((step > 0) ? 0 : (orig_len - 1));
+    VALUE result = ary_new(klass, len);
+    if (len <= RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
+        VALUE *ptr = (VALUE *)ARY_EMBED_PTR(result);
+        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            RB_OBJ_WRITE(result, ptr+i, values[j]);
+            j += step;
+        }
+        ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(result, len);
+    }
+    else {
+        RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(result, ptr, {
+            for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+                RB_OBJ_WRITE(result, ptr+i, values[j]);
+                j += step;
+            }
+        });
+        ARY_SET_LEN(result, len);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+static VALUE
 ary_make_shared_copy(VALUE ary)
 {
-    return ary_make_partial(ary, rb_obj_class(ary), 0, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+    return ary_make_partial(ary, rb_cArray, 0, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
 }
 
 enum ary_take_pos_flags
@@ -873,13 +1259,17 @@ enum ary_take_pos_flags
 static VALUE
 ary_take_first_or_last(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE ary, enum ary_take_pos_flags last)
 {
-    VALUE nv;
     long n;
     long len;
     long offset = 0;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1", &nv);
-    n = NUM2LONG(nv);
+    argc = rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
+    /* the case optional argument is omitted should be handled in
+     * callers of this function.  if another arity case is added,
+     * this arity check needs to rewrite. */
+    RUBY_ASSERT_ALWAYS(argc == 1);
+
+    n = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
     len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     if (n > len) {
 	n = len;
@@ -895,26 +1285,28 @@ ary_take_first_or_last(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE ary, enum ary_take_pos
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary << obj            -> ary
- *
- *  Append---Pushes the given object on to the end of this array. This
- *  expression returns the array itself, so several appends
- *  may be chained together.
+ *    array << object -> self
  *
- *     [ 1, 2 ] << "c" << "d" << [ 3, 4 ]
- *             #=>  [ 1, 2, "c", "d", [ 3, 4 ] ]
+ *  Appends +object+ to +self+; returns +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a << :baz # => [:foo, "bar", 2, :baz]
  *
+ *  Appends +object+ as one element, even if it is another \Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a << [3, 4]
+ *    a1 # => [:foo, "bar", 2, [3, 4]]
  */
 
 VALUE
 rb_ary_push(VALUE ary, VALUE item)
 {
-    long idx = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    long idx = RARRAY_LEN((ary_verify(ary), ary));
     VALUE target_ary = ary_ensure_room_for_push(ary, 1);
-    RARRAY_PTR_USE(ary, ptr, {
+    RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
 	RB_OBJ_WRITE(target_ary, &ptr[idx], item);
     });
     ARY_SET_LEN(ary, idx + 1);
+    ary_verify(ary);
     return ary;
 }
 
@@ -930,18 +1322,22 @@ rb_ary_cat(VALUE ary, const VALUE *argv, long len)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.push(obj, ... )   -> ary
- *
- *  Append --- Pushes the given object(s) on to the end of this array. This
- *  expression returns the array itself, so several appends
- *  may be chained together. See also Array#pop for the opposite
- *  effect.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.push("d", "e", "f")
- *             #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"]
- *     [1, 2, 3,].push(4).push(5)
- *             #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    array.push(*objects) -> self
+ *
+ *  Appends trailing elements.
+ *
+ *  Appends each argument in +objects+ to +self+;  returns +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.push(:baz, :bat) # => [:foo, "bar", 2, :baz, :bat]
+ *
+ *  Appends each argument as one element, even if it is another \Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a.push([:baz, :bat], [:bam, :bad])
+ *    a1 # => [:foo, "bar", 2, [:baz, :bat], [:bam, :bad]]
+ *
+ *  Array#append is an alias for \Array#push.
+ *
+ *  Related: #pop, #shift, #unshift.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -965,25 +1361,36 @@ rb_ary_pop(VALUE ary)
     }
     --n;
     ARY_SET_LEN(ary, n);
+    ary_verify(ary);
     return RARRAY_AREF(ary, n);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.pop    -> obj or nil
- *     ary.pop(n) -> new_ary
+ *    array.pop -> object or nil
+ *    array.pop(n) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Removes and returns trailing elements.
  *
- *  Removes the last element from +self+ and returns it, or
- *  +nil+ if the array is empty.
+ *  When no argument is given and +self+ is not empty,
+ *  removes and returns the last element:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.pop # => 2
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar"]
  *
- *  If a number +n+ is given, returns an array of the last +n+ elements
- *  (or less) just like <code>array.slice!(-n, n)</code> does. See also
- *  Array#push for the opposite effect.
+ *  Returns +nil+ if the array is empty.
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.pop     #=> "d"
- *     a.pop(2)  #=> ["b", "c"]
- *     a         #=> ["a"]
+ *  When a non-negative \Integer argument +n+ is given and is in range,
+ *  removes and returns the last +n+ elements in a new \Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.pop(2) # => ["bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If +n+ is positive and out of range,
+ *  removes and returns all elements:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.pop(50) # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  Related: #push, #shift, #unshift.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -998,6 +1405,7 @@ rb_ary_pop_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
     result = ary_take_first_or_last(argc, argv, ary, ARY_TAKE_LAST);
     ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -RARRAY_LEN(result));
+    ary_verify(ary);
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -1012,10 +1420,11 @@ rb_ary_shift(VALUE ary)
     top = RARRAY_AREF(ary, 0);
     if (!ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
 	if (len < ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE) {
-	    RARRAY_PTR_USE(ary, ptr, {
+            RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
 		MEMMOVE(ptr, ptr+1, VALUE, len-1);
 	    }); /* WB: no new reference */
             ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -1);
+            ary_verify(ary);
 	    return top;
 	}
         assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); /* ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX < ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE */
@@ -1023,36 +1432,45 @@ rb_ary_shift(VALUE ary)
 	ARY_SET(ary, 0, Qnil);
 	ary_make_shared(ary);
     }
-    else if (ARY_SHARED_OCCUPIED(ARY_SHARED(ary))) {
-	RARRAY_PTR_USE(ary, ptr, ptr[0] = Qnil);
+    else if (ARY_SHARED_ROOT_OCCUPIED(ARY_SHARED_ROOT(ary))) {
+        RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, ptr[0] = Qnil);
     }
     ARY_INCREASE_PTR(ary, 1);		/* shift ptr */
     ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -1);
 
+    ary_verify(ary);
+
     return top;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.shift    -> obj or nil
- *     ary.shift(n) -> new_ary
+ *     array.shift -> object or nil
+ *     array.shift(n) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Removes and returns leading elements.
+ *
+ *  When no argument is given, removes and returns the first element:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.shift # => :foo
+ *    a # => ['bar', 2]
  *
- *  Removes the first element of +self+ and returns it (shifting all
- *  other elements down by one). Returns +nil+ if the array
- *  is empty.
+ *  Returns +nil+ if +self+ is empty.
  *
- *  If a number +n+ is given, returns an array of the first +n+ elements
- *  (or less) just like <code>array.slice!(0, n)</code> does. With +ary+
- *  containing only the remainder elements, not including what was shifted to
- *  +new_ary+. See also Array#unshift for the opposite effect.
+ *  When positive \Integer argument +n+ is given, removes the first +n+ elements;
+ *  returns those elements in a new \Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.shift(2) # => [:foo, 'bar']
+ *    a # => [2]
  *
- *     args = [ "-m", "-q", "filename" ]
- *     args.shift     #=> "-m"
- *     args           #=> ["-q", "filename"]
+ *  If +n+ is as large as or larger than <tt>self.length</tt>,
+ *  removes all elements; returns those elements in a new \Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.shift(3) # => [:foo, 'bar', 2]
  *
- *     args = [ "-m", "-q", "filename" ]
- *     args.shift(2)  #=> ["-m", "-q"]
- *     args           #=> ["filename"]
+ *  If +n+ is zero, returns a new empty \Array; +self+ is unmodified.
+ *
+ *  Related: #push, #pop, #unshift.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1068,44 +1486,80 @@ rb_ary_shift_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
     result = ary_take_first_or_last(argc, argv, ary, ARY_TAKE_FIRST);
     n = RARRAY_LEN(result);
-    if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
-	if (ARY_SHARED_OCCUPIED(ARY_SHARED(ary))) {
-	    ary_mem_clear(ary, 0, n);
-	}
-        ARY_INCREASE_PTR(ary, n);
+    rb_ary_behead(ary,n);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+behead_shared(VALUE ary, long n)
+{
+    assert(ARY_SHARED_P(ary));
+    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+    if (ARY_SHARED_ROOT_OCCUPIED(ARY_SHARED_ROOT(ary))) {
+        ary_mem_clear(ary, 0, n);
+    }
+    ARY_INCREASE_PTR(ary, n);
+    ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -n);
+    ary_verify(ary);
+    return ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+behead_transient(VALUE ary, long n)
+{
+    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+    RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
+        MEMMOVE(ptr, ptr+n, VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(ary)-n);
+    }); /* WB: no new reference */
+    ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -n);
+    ary_verify(ary);
+    return ary;
+}
+
+MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED VALUE
+rb_ary_behead(VALUE ary, long n)
+{
+    if (n <= 0) {
+        return ary;
+    }
+    else if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
+        return behead_shared(ary, n);
+    }
+    else if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) >= ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE) {
+        ary_make_shared(ary);
+        return behead_shared(ary, n);
     }
     else {
-	RARRAY_PTR_USE(ary, ptr, {
-	    MEMMOVE(ptr, ptr + n, VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(ary)-n);
-	}); /* WB: no new reference */
+        return behead_transient(ary, n);
     }
-    ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -n);
+}
 
-    return result;
+static VALUE
+make_room_for_unshift(VALUE ary, const VALUE *head, VALUE *sharedp, int argc, long capa, long len)
+{
+    if (head - sharedp < argc) {
+        long room = capa - len - argc;
+
+        room -= room >> 4;
+        MEMMOVE((VALUE *)sharedp + argc + room, head, VALUE, len);
+        head = sharedp + argc + room;
+    }
+    ARY_SET_PTR(ary, head - argc);
+    assert(ARY_SHARED_ROOT_OCCUPIED(ARY_SHARED_ROOT(ary)));
+
+    ary_verify(ary);
+    return ARY_SHARED_ROOT(ary);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-ary_ensure_room_for_unshift(VALUE ary, int argc)
+ary_modify_for_unshift(VALUE ary, int argc)
 {
     long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     long new_len = len + argc;
     long capa;
     const VALUE *head, *sharedp;
 
-    if (len > ARY_MAX_SIZE - argc) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "index %ld too big", new_len);
-    }
-
-    if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
-	VALUE shared = ARY_SHARED(ary);
-	capa = RARRAY_LEN(shared);
-	if (ARY_SHARED_OCCUPIED(shared) && capa > new_len) {
-	    head = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary);
-	    sharedp = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(shared);
-	    goto makeroom_if_need;
-	}
-    }
-
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
     capa = ARY_CAPA(ary);
     if (capa - (capa >> 6) <= new_len) {
@@ -1114,45 +1568,69 @@ ary_ensure_room_for_unshift(VALUE ary, int argc)
 
     /* use shared array for big "queues" */
     if (new_len > ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE * 4) {
-	/* make a room for unshifted items */
+        ary_verify(ary);
+
+        /* make a room for unshifted items */
 	capa = ARY_CAPA(ary);
 	ary_make_shared(ary);
 
-	head = sharedp = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary);
-	goto makeroom;
-      makeroom_if_need:
-	if (head - sharedp < argc) {
-	    long room;
-	  makeroom:
-	    room = capa - new_len;
-	    room -= room >> 4;
-	    MEMMOVE((VALUE *)sharedp + argc + room, head, VALUE, len);
-	    head = sharedp + argc + room;
-	}
-	ARY_SET_PTR(ary, head - argc);
-	assert(ARY_SHARED_OCCUPIED(ARY_SHARED(ary)));
-	return ARY_SHARED(ary);
+        head = sharedp = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
+        return make_room_for_unshift(ary, head, (void *)sharedp, argc, capa, len);
     }
     else {
 	/* sliding items */
-	RARRAY_PTR_USE(ary, ptr, {
+        RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
 	    MEMMOVE(ptr + argc, ptr, VALUE, len);
 	});
 
+        ary_verify(ary);
 	return ary;
     }
 }
 
+static VALUE
+ary_ensure_room_for_unshift(VALUE ary, int argc)
+{
+    long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    long new_len = len + argc;
+
+    if (len > ARY_MAX_SIZE - argc) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "index %ld too big", new_len);
+    }
+    else if (! ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
+        return ary_modify_for_unshift(ary, argc);
+    }
+    else {
+        VALUE shared_root = ARY_SHARED_ROOT(ary);
+        long capa = RARRAY_LEN(shared_root);
+
+        if (! ARY_SHARED_ROOT_OCCUPIED(shared_root)) {
+            return ary_modify_for_unshift(ary, argc);
+        }
+        else if (new_len > capa) {
+            return ary_modify_for_unshift(ary, argc);
+        }
+        else {
+            const VALUE * head = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
+            void *sharedp = (void *)RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(shared_root);
+
+            rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+            return make_room_for_unshift(ary, head, sharedp, argc, capa, len);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.unshift(obj, ...)  -> ary
+ *    array.unshift(*objects) -> self
  *
- *  Prepends objects to the front of +self+, moving other elements upwards.
- *  See also Array#shift for the opposite effect.
+ *  Prepends the given +objects+ to +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.unshift(:bam, :bat) # => [:bam, :bat, :foo, "bar", 2]
  *
- *     a = [ "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.unshift("a")   #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
- *     a.unshift(1, 2)  #=> [ 1, 2, "a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *  Array#prepend is an alias for Array#unshift.
+ *
+ *  Related: #push, #pop, #shift.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1193,14 +1671,11 @@ rb_ary_elt(VALUE ary, long offset)
 VALUE
 rb_ary_entry(VALUE ary, long offset)
 {
-    if (offset < 0) {
-	offset += RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    }
-    return rb_ary_elt(ary, offset);
+    return rb_ary_entry_internal(ary, offset);
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_ary_subseq(VALUE ary, long beg, long len)
+rb_ary_subseq_step(VALUE ary, long beg, long len, long step)
 {
     VALUE klass;
     long alen = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
@@ -1211,96 +1686,172 @@ rb_ary_subseq(VALUE ary, long beg, long len)
     if (alen < len || alen < beg + len) {
 	len = alen - beg;
     }
-    klass = rb_obj_class(ary);
+    klass = rb_cArray;
     if (len == 0) return ary_new(klass, 0);
+    if (step == 0)
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "slice step cannot be zero");
+    if (step == 1)
+        return ary_make_partial(ary, klass, beg, len);
+    else
+        return ary_make_partial_step(ary, klass, beg, len, step);
+}
 
-    return ary_make_partial(ary, klass, beg, len);
+VALUE
+rb_ary_subseq(VALUE ary, long beg, long len)
+{
+    return rb_ary_subseq_step(ary, beg, len, 1);
 }
 
+static VALUE rb_ary_aref2(VALUE ary, VALUE b, VALUE e);
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary[index]                -> obj     or nil
- *     ary[start, length]        -> new_ary or nil
- *     ary[range]                -> new_ary or nil
- *     ary.slice(index)          -> obj     or nil
- *     ary.slice(start, length)  -> new_ary or nil
- *     ary.slice(range)          -> new_ary or nil
- *
- *  Element Reference --- Returns the element at +index+, or returns a
- *  subarray starting at the +start+ index and continuing for +length+
- *  elements, or returns a subarray specified by +range+ of indices.
- *
- *  Negative indices count backward from the end of the array (-1 is the last
- *  element).  For +start+ and +range+ cases the starting index is just before
- *  an element.  Additionally, an empty array is returned when the starting
- *  index for an element range is at the end of the array.
- *
- *  Returns +nil+ if the index (or starting index) are out of range.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
- *     a[2] +  a[0] + a[1]    #=> "cab"
- *     a[6]                   #=> nil
- *     a[1, 2]                #=> [ "b", "c" ]
- *     a[1..3]                #=> [ "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a[4..7]                #=> [ "e" ]
- *     a[6..10]               #=> nil
- *     a[-3, 3]               #=> [ "c", "d", "e" ]
- *     # special cases
- *     a[5]                   #=> nil
- *     a[6, 1]                #=> nil
- *     a[5, 1]                #=> []
- *     a[5..10]               #=> []
- *
+ *    array[index] -> object or nil
+ *    array[start, length] -> object or nil
+ *    array[range] -> object or nil
+ *    array[aseq] -> object or nil
+ *    array.slice(index) -> object or nil
+ *    array.slice(start, length) -> object or nil
+ *    array.slice(range) -> object or nil
+ *    array.slice(aseq) -> object or nil
+ *
+ *  Returns elements from +self+; does not modify +self+.
+ *
+ *  When a single \Integer argument +index+ is given, returns the element at offset +index+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[0] # => :foo
+ *    a[2] # => 2
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If +index+ is negative, counts relative to the end of +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[-1] # => 2
+ *    a[-2] # => "bar"
+ *
+ *  If +index+ is out of range, returns +nil+.
+ *
+ *  When two \Integer arguments +start+ and +length+ are given,
+ *  returns a new \Array of size +length+ containing successive elements beginning at offset +start+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[0, 2] # => [:foo, "bar"]
+ *    a[1, 2] # => ["bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>start + length</tt> is greater than <tt>self.length</tt>,
+ *  returns all elements from offset +start+ to the end:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[0, 4] # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *    a[1, 3] # => ["bar", 2]
+ *    a[2, 2] # => [2]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>start == self.size</tt> and <tt>length >= 0</tt>,
+ *  returns a new empty \Array.
+ *
+ *  If +length+ is negative, returns +nil+.
+ *
+ *  When a single \Range argument +range+ is given,
+ *  treats <tt>range.min</tt> as +start+ above
+ *  and <tt>range.size</tt> as +length+ above:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[0..1] # => [:foo, "bar"]
+ *    a[1..2] # => ["bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  Special case: If <tt>range.start == a.size</tt>, returns a new empty \Array.
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.end</tt> is negative, calculates the end index from the end:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[0..-1] # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *    a[0..-2] # => [:foo, "bar"]
+ *    a[0..-3] # => [:foo]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.start</tt> is negative, calculates the start index from the end:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[-1..2] # => [2]
+ *    a[-2..2] # => ["bar", 2]
+ *    a[-3..2] # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.start</tt> is larger than the array size, returns +nil+.
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[4..1] # => nil
+ *    a[4..0] # => nil
+ *    a[4..-1] # => nil
+ *
+ *  When a single Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence argument +aseq+ is given,
+ *  returns an Array of elements corresponding to the indexes produced by
+ *  the sequence.
+ *    a = ['--', 'data1', '--', 'data2', '--', 'data3']
+ *    a[(1..).step(2)] # => ["data1", "data2", "data3"]
+ *
+ *  Unlike slicing with range, if the start or the end of the arithmetic sequence
+ *  is larger than array size, throws RangeError.
+ *    a = ['--', 'data1', '--', 'data2', '--', 'data3']
+ *    a[(1..11).step(2)]
+ *    # RangeError (((1..11).step(2)) out of range)
+ *    a[(7..).step(2)]
+ *    # RangeError (((7..).step(2)) out of range)
+ *
+ *  If given a single argument, and its type is not one of the listed, tries to
+ *  convert it to Integer, and raises if it is impossible:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    # Raises TypeError (no implicit conversion of Symbol into Integer):
+ *    a[:foo]
+ *
+ *  Array#slice is an alias for Array#[].
  */
 
 VALUE
 rb_ary_aref(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE arg;
-    long beg, len;
-
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2);
     if (argc == 2) {
-	beg = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
-	len = NUM2LONG(argv[1]);
-	if (beg < 0) {
-	    beg += RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-	}
-	return rb_ary_subseq(ary, beg, len);
+	return rb_ary_aref2(ary, argv[0], argv[1]);
     }
-    if (argc != 1) {
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", NULL, NULL);
+    return rb_ary_aref1(ary, argv[0]);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_aref2(VALUE ary, VALUE b, VALUE e)
+{
+    long beg = NUM2LONG(b);
+    long len = NUM2LONG(e);
+    if (beg < 0) {
+	beg += RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     }
-    arg = argv[0];
+    return rb_ary_subseq(ary, beg, len);
+}
+
+MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED VALUE
+rb_ary_aref1(VALUE ary, VALUE arg)
+{
+    long beg, len, step;
+
     /* special case - speeding up */
     if (FIXNUM_P(arg)) {
 	return rb_ary_entry(ary, FIX2LONG(arg));
     }
-    /* check if idx is Range */
-    switch (rb_range_beg_len(arg, &beg, &len, RARRAY_LEN(ary), 0)) {
+    /* check if idx is Range or ArithmeticSequence */
+    switch (rb_arithmetic_sequence_beg_len_step(arg, &beg, &len, &step, RARRAY_LEN(ary), 0)) {
       case Qfalse:
-	break;
+        break;
       case Qnil:
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
       default:
-	return rb_ary_subseq(ary, beg, len);
+        return rb_ary_subseq_step(ary, beg, len, step);
     }
+
     return rb_ary_entry(ary, NUM2LONG(arg));
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.at(index)   ->   obj  or nil
- *
- *  Returns the element at +index+. A negative index counts from the end of
- *  +self+. Returns +nil+ if the index is out of range. See also
- *  Array#[].
+ *    array.at(index) -> object
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
- *     a.at(0)     #=> "a"
- *     a.at(-1)    #=> "e"
+ *  Returns the element at \Integer offset +index+; does not modify +self+.
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.at(0) # => :foo
+ *    a.at(2) # => 2
  */
 
-static VALUE
+VALUE
 rb_ary_at(VALUE ary, VALUE pos)
 {
     return rb_ary_entry(ary, NUM2LONG(pos));
@@ -1308,19 +1859,33 @@ rb_ary_at(VALUE ary, VALUE pos)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.first     ->   obj or nil
- *     ary.first(n)  ->   new_ary
+ *    array.first -> object or nil
+ *    array.first(n) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns elements from +self+; does not modify +self+.
+ *
+ *  When no argument is given, returns the first element:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.first # => :foo
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If +self+ is empty, returns +nil+.
  *
- *  Returns the first element, or the first +n+ elements, of the array.
- *  If the array is empty, the first form returns +nil+, and the
- *  second form returns an empty array. See also Array#last for
- *  the opposite effect.
+ *  When non-negative \Integer argument +n+ is given,
+ *  returns the first +n+ elements in a new \Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.first(2) # => [:foo, "bar"]
  *
- *     a = [ "q", "r", "s", "t" ]
- *     a.first     #=> "q"
- *     a.first(2)  #=> ["q", "r"]
+ *  If <tt>n >= array.size</tt>, returns all elements:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.first(50) # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>n == 0</tt> returns an new empty \Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.first(0) # []
+ *
+ *  Related: #last.
  */
-
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_first(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
@@ -1335,17 +1900,32 @@ rb_ary_first(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.last     ->  obj or nil
- *     ary.last(n)  ->  new_ary
+ *    array.last  -> object or nil
+ *    array.last(n) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns elements from +self+; +self+ is not modified.
+ *
+ *  When no argument is given, returns the last element:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.last # => 2
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
  *
- *  Returns the last element(s) of +self+. If the array is empty,
- *  the first form returns +nil+.
+ *  If +self+ is empty, returns +nil+.
  *
- *  See also Array#first for the opposite effect.
+ *  When non-negative \Innteger argument +n+ is given,
+ *  returns the last +n+ elements in a new \Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.last(2) # => ["bar", 2]
  *
- *     a = [ "w", "x", "y", "z" ]
- *     a.last     #=> "z"
- *     a.last(2)  #=> ["y", "z"]
+ *  If <tt>n >= array.size</tt>, returns all elements:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.last(50) # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>n == 0</tt>, returns an new empty \Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.last(0) # []
+ *
+ *  Related: #first.
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -1363,25 +1943,35 @@ rb_ary_last(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.fetch(index)                    -> obj
- *     ary.fetch(index, default)           -> obj
- *     ary.fetch(index) { |index| block }  -> obj
- *
- *  Tries to return the element at position +index+, but throws an IndexError
- *  exception if the referenced +index+ lies outside of the array bounds.  This
- *  error can be prevented by supplying a second argument, which will act as a
- *  +default+ value.
- *
- *  Alternatively, if a block is given it will only be executed when an
- *  invalid +index+ is referenced.  Negative values of +index+ count from the
- *  end of the array.
- *
- *     a = [ 11, 22, 33, 44 ]
- *     a.fetch(1)               #=> 22
- *     a.fetch(-1)              #=> 44
- *     a.fetch(4, 'cat')        #=> "cat"
- *     a.fetch(100) { |i| puts "#{i} is out of bounds" }
- *                              #=> "100 is out of bounds"
+ *    array.fetch(index) -> element
+ *    array.fetch(index, default_value) -> element
+ *    array.fetch(index) {|index| ... } -> element
+ *
+ *  Returns the element at offset  +index+.
+ *
+ *  With the single \Integer argument +index+,
+ *  returns the element at offset +index+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.fetch(1) # => "bar"
+ *
+ *  If +index+ is negative, counts from the end of the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.fetch(-1) # => 2
+ *    a.fetch(-2) # => "bar"
+ *
+ *  With arguments +index+ and +default_value+,
+ *  returns the element at offset +index+ if index is in range,
+ *  otherwise returns +default_value+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.fetch(1, nil) # => "bar"
+ *
+ *  With argument +index+ and a block,
+ *  returns the element at offset +index+ if index is in range
+ *  (and the block is not called); otherwise calls the block with index and returns its return value:
+ *
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.fetch(1) {|index| raise 'Cannot happen' } # => "bar"
+ *    a.fetch(50) {|index| "Value for #{index}" } # => "Value for 50"
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1414,36 +2004,44 @@ rb_ary_fetch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.find_index(obj)             ->  int or nil
- *     ary.find_index { |item| block } ->  int or nil
- *     ary.find_index                  ->  Enumerator
- *     ary.index(obj)             ->  int or nil
- *     ary.index { |item| block } ->  int or nil
- *     ary.index                  ->  Enumerator
+ *    array.index(object) -> integer or nil
+ *    array.index {|element| ... } -> integer or nil
+ *    array.index -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Returns the index of a specified element.
+ *
+ *  When argument +object+ is given but no block,
+ *  returns the index of the first element +element+
+ *  for which <tt>object == element</tt>:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bar']
+ *    a.index('bar') # => 1
+ *
+ *  Returns +nil+ if no such element found.
  *
- *  Returns the _index_ of the first object in +ary+ such that the object is
- *  <code>==</code> to +obj+.
+ *  When both argument +object+ and a block are given,
+ *  calls the block with each successive element;
+ *  returns the index of the first element for which the block returns a truthy value:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bar']
+ *    a.index {|element| element == 'bar' } # => 1
  *
- *  If a block is given instead of an argument, returns the _index_ of the
- *  first object for which the block returns +true+.  Returns +nil+ if no
- *  match is found.
+ *  Returns +nil+ if the block never returns a truthy value.
  *
- *  See also Array#rindex.
+ *  When neither an argument nor a block is given, returns a new Enumerator:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    e = a.index
+ *    e # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:index>
+ *    e.each {|element| element == 'bar' } # => 1
  *
- *  An Enumerator is returned if neither a block nor argument is given.
+ *  Array#find_index is an alias for Array#index.
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.index("b")              #=> 1
- *     a.index("z")              #=> nil
- *     a.index { |x| x == "b" }  #=> 1
+ *  Related: #rindex.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_index(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    const VALUE *ptr;
     VALUE val;
-    long i, len;
+    long i;
 
     if (argc == 0) {
 	RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
@@ -1458,52 +2056,49 @@ rb_ary_index(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     val = argv[0];
     if (rb_block_given_p())
 	rb_warn("given block not used");
-    len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary);
-    for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
-	VALUE e = ptr[i];
-	switch (rb_equal_opt(e, val)) {
-	  case Qundef:
-	    if (!rb_equal(e, val)) break;
-	  case Qtrue:
+    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+	VALUE e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+	if (rb_equal(e, val)) {
 	    return LONG2NUM(i);
-	  case Qfalse:
-	    continue;
 	}
-	len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-	ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary);
     }
     return Qnil;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.rindex(obj)             ->  int or nil
- *     ary.rindex { |item| block } ->  int or nil
- *     ary.rindex                  ->  Enumerator
+ *    array.rindex(object) -> integer or nil
+ *    array.rindex {|element| ... } -> integer or nil
+ *    array.rindex -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Returns the index of the last element for which <tt>object == element</tt>.
+ *
+ *  When argument +object+ is given but no block, returns the index of the last such element found:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bar']
+ *    a.rindex('bar') # => 3
  *
- *  Returns the _index_ of the last object in +self+ <code>==</code> to +obj+.
+ *  Returns +nil+ if no such object found.
  *
- *  If a block is given instead of an argument, returns the _index_ of the
- *  first object for which the block returns +true+, starting from the last
- *  object.
+ *  When a block is given but no argument, calls the block with each successive element;
+ *  returns the index of the last element for which the block returns a truthy value:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bar']
+ *    a.rindex {|element| element == 'bar' } # => 3
  *
- *  Returns +nil+ if no match is found.
+ *  Returns +nil+ if the block never returns a truthy value.
  *
- *  See also Array#index.
+ *  When neither an argument nor a block is given, returns a new \Enumerator:
  *
- *  If neither block nor argument is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bar']
+ *    e = a.rindex
+ *    e # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2, "bar"]:rindex>
+ *    e.each {|element| element == 'bar' } # => 3
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "b", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.rindex("b")             #=> 3
- *     a.rindex("z")             #=> nil
- *     a.rindex { |x| x == "b" } #=> 3
+ *  Related: #index.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_rindex(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    const VALUE *ptr;
     VALUE val;
     long i = RARRAY_LEN(ary), len;
 
@@ -1522,21 +2117,14 @@ rb_ary_rindex(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     val = argv[0];
     if (rb_block_given_p())
 	rb_warn("given block not used");
-    ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary);
     while (i--) {
-	VALUE e = ptr[i];
-	switch (rb_equal_opt(e, val)) {
-	  case Qundef:
-	    if (!rb_equal(e, val)) break;
-	  case Qtrue:
+	VALUE e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+	if (rb_equal(e, val)) {
 	    return LONG2NUM(i);
-	  case Qfalse:
-	    continue;
 	}
-	if (i > (len = RARRAY_LEN(ary))) {
-	    i = len;
-	}
-	ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary);
+        if (i > RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
+            break;
+        }
     }
     return Qnil;
 }
@@ -1551,10 +2139,10 @@ rb_ary_to_ary(VALUE obj)
 }
 
 static void
-rb_ary_splice(VALUE ary, long beg, long len, VALUE rpl)
+rb_ary_splice(VALUE ary, long beg, long len, const VALUE *rptr, long rlen)
 {
-    long rlen;
     long olen;
+    long rofs;
 
     if (len < 0) rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "negative length (%ld)", len);
     olen = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
@@ -1569,14 +2157,11 @@ rb_ary_splice(VALUE ary, long beg, long len, VALUE rpl)
 	len = olen - beg;
     }
 
-    if (rpl == Qundef) {
-	rlen = 0;
-    }
-    else {
-	rpl = rb_ary_to_ary(rpl);
-	rlen = RARRAY_LEN(rpl);
-	olen = RARRAY_LEN(ary);	/* ary may be resized in rpl.to_ary too */
+    {
+        const VALUE *optr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
+	rofs = (rptr >= optr && rptr < optr + olen) ? rptr - optr : -1;
     }
+
     if (beg >= olen) {
 	VALUE target_ary;
 	if (beg > ARY_MAX_SIZE - rlen) {
@@ -1586,7 +2171,8 @@ rb_ary_splice(VALUE ary, long beg, long len, VALUE rpl)
 	len = beg + rlen;
 	ary_mem_clear(ary, olen, beg - olen);
 	if (rlen > 0) {
-	    ary_memcpy0(ary, beg, rlen, RARRAY_CONST_PTR(rpl), target_ary);
+            if (rofs != -1) rptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary) + rofs;
+	    ary_memcpy0(ary, beg, rlen, rptr, target_ary);
 	}
 	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, len);
     }
@@ -1603,16 +2189,23 @@ rb_ary_splice(VALUE ary, long beg, long len, VALUE rpl)
 	}
 
 	if (len != rlen) {
-	    RARRAY_PTR_USE(ary, ptr,
-			   MEMMOVE(ptr + beg + rlen, ptr + beg + len,
-				   VALUE, olen - (beg + len)));
+            RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr,
+                                     MEMMOVE(ptr + beg + rlen, ptr + beg + len,
+                                             VALUE, olen - (beg + len)));
 	    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, alen);
 	}
 	if (rlen > 0) {
-	    MEMMOVE(RARRAY_PTR(ary) + beg, RARRAY_CONST_PTR(rpl), VALUE, rlen);
+            if (rofs != -1) rptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary) + rofs;
+            /* give up wb-protected ary */
+            RB_OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT_FOR(ARRAY, ary);
+
+            /* do not use RARRAY_PTR() because it can causes GC.
+             * ary can contain T_NONE object because it is not cleared.
+             */
+            RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr,
+                                     MEMMOVE(ptr + beg, rptr, VALUE, rlen));
 	}
     }
-    RB_GC_GUARD(rpl);
 }
 
 void
@@ -1668,47 +2261,128 @@ rb_ary_resize(VALUE ary, long len)
     }
     else {
 	if (olen > len + ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE) {
-	    SIZED_REALLOC_N(RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.ptr, VALUE, len, RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa);
+            ary_heap_realloc(ary, len);
 	    ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, len);
 	}
 	ARY_SET_HEAP_LEN(ary, len);
     }
+    ary_verify(ary);
     return ary;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+ary_aset_by_rb_ary_store(VALUE ary, long key, VALUE val)
+{
+    rb_ary_store(ary, key, val);
+    return val;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_aset_by_rb_ary_splice(VALUE ary, long beg, long len, VALUE val)
+{
+    VALUE rpl = rb_ary_to_ary(val);
+    rb_ary_splice(ary, beg, len, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(rpl), RARRAY_LEN(rpl));
+    RB_GC_GUARD(rpl);
+    return val;
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary[index]         = obj                      ->  obj
- *     ary[start, length] = obj or other_ary or nil  ->  obj or other_ary or nil
- *     ary[range]         = obj or other_ary or nil  ->  obj or other_ary or nil
- *
- *  Element Assignment --- Sets the element at +index+, or replaces a subarray
- *  from the +start+ index for +length+ elements, or replaces a subarray
- *  specified by the +range+ of indices.
- *
- *  If indices are greater than the current capacity of the array, the array
- *  grows automatically.  Elements are inserted into the array at +start+ if
- *  +length+ is zero.
- *
- *  Negative indices will count backward from the end of the array.  For
- *  +start+ and +range+ cases the starting index is just before an element.
- *
- *  An IndexError is raised if a negative index points past the beginning of
- *  the array.
- *
- *  See also Array#push, and Array#unshift.
- *
- *     a = Array.new
- *     a[4] = "4";                 #=> [nil, nil, nil, nil, "4"]
- *     a[0, 3] = [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ] #=> ["a", "b", "c", nil, "4"]
- *     a[1..2] = [ 1, 2 ]          #=> ["a", 1, 2, nil, "4"]
- *     a[0, 2] = "?"               #=> ["?", 2, nil, "4"]
- *     a[0..2] = "A"               #=> ["A", "4"]
- *     a[-1]   = "Z"               #=> ["A", "Z"]
- *     a[1..-1] = nil              #=> ["A", nil]
- *     a[1..-1] = []               #=> ["A"]
- *     a[0, 0] = [ 1, 2 ]          #=> [1, 2, "A"]
- *     a[3, 0] = "B"               #=> [1, 2, "A", "B"]
+ *    array[index] = object -> object
+ *    array[start, length] = object -> object
+ *    array[range] = object -> object
+ *
+ *  Assigns elements in +self+; returns the given +object+.
+ *
+ *  When \Integer argument +index+ is given, assigns +object+ to an element in +self+.
+ *
+ *  If +index+ is non-negative, assigns +object+ the element at offset +index+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[0] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => ["foo", "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If +index+ is greater than <tt>self.length</tt>, extends the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[7] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2, nil, nil, nil, nil, "foo"]
+ *
+ *  If +index+ is negative, counts backwards from the end of the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[-1] = 'two' # => "two"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", "two"]
+ *
+ *  When \Integer arguments +start+ and +length+ are given and +object+ is not an \Array,
+ *  removes <tt>length - 1</tt> elements beginning at offset +start+,
+ *  and assigns +object+ at offset +start+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[0, 2] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => ["foo", 2]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is negative, counts backwards from the end of the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[-2, 2] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "foo"]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is non-negative and outside the array (<tt> >= self.size</tt>),
+ *  extends the array with +nil+, assigns +object+ at offset +start+,
+ *  and ignores +length+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[6, 50] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2, nil, nil, nil, "foo"]
+ *
+ *  If +length+ is zero, shifts elements at and following offset +start+
+ *  and assigns +object+ at offset +start+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[1, 0] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "foo", "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If +length+ is too large for the existing array, does not extend the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[1, 5] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "foo"]
+ *
+ *  When \Range argument +range+ is given and +object+ is an \Array,
+ *  removes <tt>length - 1</tt> elements beginning at offset +start+,
+ *  and assigns +object+ at offset +start+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[0..1] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => ["foo", 2]
+ *
+ *  if <tt>range.begin</tt> is negative, counts backwards from the end of the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[-2..2] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "foo"]
+ *
+ *  If the array length is less than <tt>range.begin</tt>,
+ *  assigns +object+ at offset <tt>range.begin</tt>, and ignores +length+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[6..50] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2, nil, nil, nil, "foo"]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.end</tt> is zero, shifts elements at and following offset +start+
+ *  and assigns +object+ at offset +start+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[1..0] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "foo", "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.end</tt> is negative, assigns +object+ at offset +start+,
+ *  retains <tt>range.end.abs -1</tt> elements past that, and removes those beyond:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[1..-1] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "foo"]
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[1..-2] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "foo", 2]
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[1..-3] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "foo", "bar", 2]
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.end</tt> is too large for the existing array,
+ *  replaces array elements, but does not extend the array with +nil+ values:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[1..5] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "foo"]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1716,45 +2390,55 @@ rb_ary_aset(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
     long offset, beg, len;
 
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 2, 3);
+    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
     if (argc == 3) {
-	rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
 	beg = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
 	len = NUM2LONG(argv[1]);
-	rb_ary_splice(ary, beg, len, argv[2]);
-	return argv[2];
+        return ary_aset_by_rb_ary_splice(ary, beg, len, argv[2]);
     }
-    rb_check_arity(argc, 2, 2);
-    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
     if (FIXNUM_P(argv[0])) {
 	offset = FIX2LONG(argv[0]);
-	goto fixnum;
+        return ary_aset_by_rb_ary_store(ary, offset, argv[1]);
     }
     if (rb_range_beg_len(argv[0], &beg, &len, RARRAY_LEN(ary), 1)) {
 	/* check if idx is Range */
-	rb_ary_splice(ary, beg, len, argv[1]);
-	return argv[1];
+        return ary_aset_by_rb_ary_splice(ary, beg, len, argv[1]);
     }
 
     offset = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
-fixnum:
-    rb_ary_store(ary, offset, argv[1]);
-    return argv[1];
+    return ary_aset_by_rb_ary_store(ary, offset, argv[1]);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.insert(index, obj...)  -> ary
- *
- *  Inserts the given values before the element with the given +index+.
+ *    array.insert(index, *objects) -> self
  *
- *  Negative indices count backwards from the end of the array, where +-1+ is
- *  the last element. If a negative index is used, the given values will be
- *  inserted after that element, so using an index of +-1+ will insert the
- *  values at the end of the array.
+ *  Inserts given +objects+ before or after the element at \Integer index +offset+;
+ *  returns +self+.
  *
- *     a = %w{ a b c d }
- *     a.insert(2, 99)         #=> ["a", "b", 99, "c", "d"]
- *     a.insert(-2, 1, 2, 3)   #=> ["a", "b", 99, "c", 1, 2, 3, "d"]
+ *  When +index+ is non-negative, inserts all given +objects+
+ *  before the element at offset +index+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.insert(1, :bat, :bam) # => [:foo, :bat, :bam, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  Extends the array if +index+ is beyond the array (<tt>index >= self.size</tt>):
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.insert(5, :bat, :bam)
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2, nil, nil, :bat, :bam]
+ *
+ *  Does nothing if no objects given:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.insert(1)
+ *    a.insert(50)
+ *    a.insert(-50)
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  When +index+ is negative, inserts all given +objects+
+ *  _after_ the element at offset <tt>index+self.size</tt>:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.insert(-2, :bat, :bam)
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", :bat, :bam, 2]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1764,15 +2448,20 @@ rb_ary_insert(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 
     rb_check_arity(argc, 1, UNLIMITED_ARGUMENTS);
     rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-    if (argc == 1) return ary;
     pos = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
+    if (argc == 1) return ary;
     if (pos == -1) {
 	pos = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     }
-    if (pos < 0) {
+    else if (pos < 0) {
+	long minpos = -RARRAY_LEN(ary) - 1;
+	if (pos < minpos) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "index %ld too small for array; minimum: %ld",
+		     pos, minpos);
+	}
 	pos++;
     }
-    rb_ary_splice(ary, pos, 0, rb_ary_new4(argc - 1, argv + 1));
+    rb_ary_splice(ary, pos, 0, argv + 1, argc - 1);
     return ary;
 }
 
@@ -1787,28 +2476,48 @@ ary_enum_length(VALUE ary, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.each { |item| block }  -> ary
- *     ary.each                   -> Enumerator
+ *    array.each {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    array.each -> Enumerator
+ *
+ *  Iterates over array elements.
  *
- *  Calls the given block once for each element in +self+, passing that element
- *  as a parameter.
+ *  When a block given, passes each successive array element to the block;
+ *  returns +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.each {|element|  puts "#{element.class} #{element}" }
  *
- *  An Enumerator is returned if no block is given.
+ *  Output:
+ *    Symbol foo
+ *    String bar
+ *    Integer 2
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.each {|x| print x, " -- " }
+ *  Allows the array to be modified during iteration:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.each {|element| puts element; a.clear if element.to_s.start_with?('b') }
  *
- *  produces:
+ *  Output:
+ *    foo
+ *    bar
  *
- *     a -- b -- c --
+ *  When no block given, returns a new \Enumerator:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    e = a.each
+ *    e # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:each>
+ *    a1 = e.each {|element|  puts "#{element.class} #{element}" }
+ *
+ *  Output:
+ *    Symbol foo
+ *    String bar
+ *    Integer 2
+ *
+ *  Related: #each_index, #reverse_each.
  */
 
 VALUE
-rb_ary_each(VALUE array)
+rb_ary_each(VALUE ary)
 {
     long i;
-    volatile VALUE ary = array;
-
+    ary_verify(ary);
     RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0, ary_enum_length);
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
 	rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
@@ -1818,20 +2527,41 @@ rb_ary_each(VALUE array)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.each_index { |index| block }  -> ary
- *     ary.each_index                    -> Enumerator
+ *    array.each_index {|index| ... } -> self
+ *    array.each_index -> Enumerator
+ *
+ *  Iterates over array indexes.
+ *
+ *  When a block given, passes each successive array index to the block;
+ *  returns +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.each_index {|index|  puts "#{index} #{a[index]}" }
  *
- *  Same as Array#each, but passes the +index+ of the element instead of the
- *  element itself.
+ *  Output:
+ *    0 foo
+ *    1 bar
+ *    2 2
  *
- *  An Enumerator is returned if no block is given.
+ *  Allows the array to be modified during iteration:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.each_index {|index| puts index; a.clear if index > 0 }
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.each_index {|x| print x, " -- " }
+ *  Output:
+ *    0
+ *    1
  *
- *  produces:
+ *  When no block given, returns a new \Enumerator:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    e = a.each_index
+ *    e # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:each_index>
+ *    a1 = e.each {|index|  puts "#{index} #{a[index]}"}
  *
- *     0 -- 1 -- 2 --
+ *  Output:
+ *    0 foo
+ *    1 bar
+ *    2 2
+ *
+ *  Related: #each, #reverse_each.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1848,17 +2578,40 @@ rb_ary_each_index(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.reverse_each { |item| block }  -> ary
- *     ary.reverse_each                   -> Enumerator
- *
- *  Same as Array#each, but traverses +self+ in reverse order.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.reverse_each {|x| print x, " " }
- *
- *  produces:
- *
- *     c b a
+ *    array.reverse_each {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    array.reverse_each -> Enumerator
+ *
+ *  Iterates backwards over array elements.
+ *
+ *  When a block given, passes, in reverse order, each element to the block;
+ *  returns +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.reverse_each {|element|  puts "#{element.class} #{element}" }
+ *
+ *  Output:
+ *    Integer 2
+ *    String bar
+ *    Symbol foo
+ *
+ *  Allows the array to be modified during iteration:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.reverse_each {|element| puts element; a.clear if element.to_s.start_with?('b') }
+ *
+ *  Output:
+ *    2
+ *    bar
+ *
+ *  When no block given, returns a new \Enumerator:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    e = a.reverse_each
+ *    e # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:reverse_each>
+ *    a1 = e.each {|element|  puts "#{element.class} #{element}" }
+ *  Output:
+ *    Integer 2
+ *    String bar
+ *    Symbol foo
+ *
+ *  Related: #each, #each_index.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1881,12 +2634,9 @@ rb_ary_reverse_each(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.length -> int
+ *    array.length -> an_integer
  *
- *  Returns the number of elements in +self+. May be zero.
- *
- *     [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ].length   #=> 5
- *     [].length                  #=> 0
+ *  Returns the count of elements in +self+.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1898,11 +2648,10 @@ rb_ary_length(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.empty?   -> true or false
- *
- *  Returns +true+ if +self+ contains no elements.
+ *    array.empty?  -> true or false
  *
- *     [].empty?   #=> true
+ *  Returns +true+ if the count of elements in +self+ is zero,
+ *  +false+ otherwise.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1918,15 +2667,18 @@ rb_ary_dup(VALUE ary)
 {
     long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     VALUE dup = rb_ary_new2(len);
-    ary_memcpy(dup, 0, len, RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary));
+    ary_memcpy(dup, 0, len, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary));
     ARY_SET_LEN(dup, len);
+
+    ary_verify(ary);
+    ary_verify(dup);
     return dup;
 }
 
 VALUE
 rb_ary_resurrect(VALUE ary)
 {
-    return rb_ary_new4(RARRAY_LEN(ary), RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary));
+    return ary_make_partial(ary, rb_cArray, 0, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
 }
 
 extern VALUE rb_output_fs;
@@ -1951,7 +2703,7 @@ recursive_join(VALUE obj, VALUE argp, int recur)
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-static void
+static long
 ary_join_0(VALUE ary, VALUE sep, long max, VALUE result)
 {
     long i;
@@ -1960,10 +2712,39 @@ ary_join_0(VALUE ary, VALUE sep, long max, VALUE result)
     if (max > 0) rb_enc_copy(result, RARRAY_AREF(ary, 0));
     for (i=0; i<max; i++) {
 	val = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+        if (!RB_TYPE_P(val, T_STRING)) break;
 	if (i > 0 && !NIL_P(sep))
 	    rb_str_buf_append(result, sep);
 	rb_str_buf_append(result, val);
-	if (OBJ_TAINTED(val)) OBJ_TAINT(result);
+    }
+    return i;
+}
+
+static void
+ary_join_1_str(VALUE dst, VALUE src, int *first)
+{
+    rb_str_buf_append(dst, src);
+    if (*first) {
+        rb_enc_copy(dst, src);
+        *first = FALSE;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ary_join_1_ary(VALUE obj, VALUE ary, VALUE sep, VALUE result, VALUE val, int *first)
+{
+    if (val == ary) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "recursive array join");
+    }
+    else {
+        VALUE args[4];
+
+        *first = FALSE;
+        args[0] = val;
+        args[1] = sep;
+        args[2] = result;
+        args[3] = (VALUE)first;
+        rb_exec_recursive(recursive_join, obj, (VALUE)args);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1978,44 +2759,19 @@ ary_join_1(VALUE obj, VALUE ary, VALUE sep, long i, VALUE result, int *first)
 
 	val = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
 	if (RB_TYPE_P(val, T_STRING)) {
-	  str_join:
-	    rb_str_buf_append(result, val);
-	    *first = FALSE;
+            ary_join_1_str(result, val, first);
 	}
 	else if (RB_TYPE_P(val, T_ARRAY)) {
-	    obj = val;
-	  ary_join:
-	    if (val == ary) {
-		rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "recursive array join");
-	    }
-	    else {
-		VALUE args[4];
-
-		args[0] = val;
-		args[1] = sep;
-		args[2] = result;
-		args[3] = (VALUE)first;
-		rb_exec_recursive(recursive_join, obj, (VALUE)args);
-	    }
+            ary_join_1_ary(val, ary, sep, result, val, first);
 	}
-	else {
-	    tmp = rb_check_string_type(val);
-	    if (!NIL_P(tmp)) {
-		val = tmp;
-		goto str_join;
-	    }
-	    tmp = rb_check_convert_type(val, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
-	    if (!NIL_P(tmp)) {
-		obj = val;
-		val = tmp;
-		goto ary_join;
-	    }
-	    val = rb_obj_as_string(val);
-	    if (*first) {
-		rb_enc_copy(result, val);
-		*first = FALSE;
-	    }
-	    goto str_join;
+        else if (!NIL_P(tmp = rb_check_string_type(val))) {
+            ary_join_1_str(result, tmp, first);
+        }
+        else if (!NIL_P(tmp = rb_check_array_type(val))) {
+            ary_join_1_ary(val, ary, sep, result, tmp, first);
+        }
+        else {
+            ary_join_1_str(result, rb_obj_as_string(val), first);
 	}
     }
 }
@@ -2024,11 +2780,9 @@ VALUE
 rb_ary_join(VALUE ary, VALUE sep)
 {
     long len = 1, i;
-    int taint = FALSE;
     VALUE val, tmp, result;
 
     if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0) return rb_usascii_str_new(0, 0);
-    if (OBJ_TAINTED(ary)) taint = TRUE;
 
     if (!NIL_P(sep)) {
 	StringValue(sep);
@@ -2040,10 +2794,11 @@ rb_ary_join(VALUE ary, VALUE sep)
 
 	if (NIL_P(tmp) || tmp != val) {
 	    int first;
-	    result = rb_str_buf_new(len + (RARRAY_LEN(ary)-i)*10);
+            long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+            if (i > n) i = n;
+            result = rb_str_buf_new(len + (n-i)*10);
 	    rb_enc_associate(result, rb_usascii_encoding());
-	    if (taint) OBJ_TAINT(result);
-	    ary_join_0(ary, sep, i, result);
+            i = ary_join_0(ary, sep, i, result);
 	    first = i == 0;
 	    ary_join_1(ary, ary, sep, i, result, &first);
 	    return result;
@@ -2052,8 +2807,9 @@ rb_ary_join(VALUE ary, VALUE sep)
 	len += RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
     }
 
-    result = rb_str_buf_new(len);
-    if (taint) OBJ_TAINT(result);
+    result = rb_str_new(0, len);
+    rb_str_set_len(result, 0);
+
     ary_join_0(ary, sep, RARRAY_LEN(ary), result);
 
     return result;
@@ -2061,24 +2817,38 @@ rb_ary_join(VALUE ary, VALUE sep)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.join(separator=$,)    -> str
- *
- *  Returns a string created by converting each element of the array to
- *  a string, separated by the given +separator+.
- *  If the +separator+ is +nil+, it uses current $,.
- *  If both the +separator+ and $, are nil, it uses empty string.
- *
- *     [ "a", "b", "c" ].join        #=> "abc"
- *     [ "a", "b", "c" ].join("-")   #=> "a-b-c"
+ *    array.join ->new_string
+ *    array.join(separator = $,) -> new_string
+ *
+ *  Returns the new \String formed by joining the array elements after conversion.
+ *  For each element +element+
+ *  - Uses <tt>element.to_s</tt> if +element+ is not a <tt>kind_of?(Array)</tt>.
+ *  - Uses recursive <tt>element.join(separator)</tt> if +element+ is a <tt>kind_of?(Array)</tt>.
+ *
+ *  With no argument, joins using the output field separator, <tt>$,</tt>:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    $, # => nil
+ *    a.join # => "foobar2"
+ *
+ *  With \string argument +separator+, joins using that separator:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.join("\n") # => "foo\nbar\n2"
+ *
+ *  Joins recursively for nested Arrays:
+ *   a = [:foo, [:bar, [:baz, :bat]]]
+ *   a.join # => "foobarbazbat"
  */
-
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_join_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
     VALUE sep;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &sep);
-    if (NIL_P(sep)) sep = rb_output_fs;
+    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) == 0 || NIL_P(sep = argv[0])) {
+        sep = rb_output_fs;
+        if (!NIL_P(sep)) {
+            rb_category_warn(RB_WARN_CATEGORY_DEPRECATED, "$, is set to non-nil value");
+        }
+    }
 
     return rb_ary_join(ary, sep);
 }
@@ -2086,7 +2856,6 @@ rb_ary_join_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 static VALUE
 inspect_ary(VALUE ary, VALUE dummy, int recur)
 {
-    int tainted = OBJ_TAINTED(ary);
     long i;
     VALUE s, str;
 
@@ -2094,24 +2863,24 @@ inspect_ary(VALUE ary, VALUE dummy, int recur)
     str = rb_str_buf_new2("[");
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
 	s = rb_inspect(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
-	if (OBJ_TAINTED(s)) tainted = TRUE;
 	if (i > 0) rb_str_buf_cat2(str, ", ");
 	else rb_enc_copy(str, s);
 	rb_str_buf_append(str, s);
     }
     rb_str_buf_cat2(str, "]");
-    if (tainted) OBJ_TAINT(str);
     return str;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.inspect  -> string
- *     ary.to_s     -> string
+ *    array.inspect -> new_string
  *
- *  Creates a string representation of +self+.
+ *  Returns the new \String formed by calling method <tt>#inspect</tt>
+ *  on each array element:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.inspect # => "[:foo, \"bar\", 2]"
  *
- *     [ "a", "b", "c" ].to_s     #=> "[\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]"
+ *  Array#to_s is an alias for Array#inspect.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2129,11 +2898,20 @@ rb_ary_to_s(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.to_a     -> ary
- *
- *  Returns +self+.
- *
- *  If called on a subclass of Array, converts the receiver to an Array object.
+ *    to_a -> self or new_array
+ *
+ *  When +self+ is an instance of \Array, returns +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.to_a # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  Otherwise, returns a new \Array containing the elements of +self+:
+ *    class MyArray < Array; end
+ *    a = MyArray.new(['foo', 'bar', 'two'])
+ *    a.instance_of?(Array) # => false
+ *    a.kind_of?(Array) # => true
+ *    a1 = a.to_a
+ *    a1 # => ["foo", "bar", "two"]
+ *    a1.class # => Array # Not MyArray
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2149,25 +2927,40 @@ rb_ary_to_a(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.to_h     -> hash
- *
- *  Returns the result of interpreting <i>ary</i> as an array of
- *  <tt>[key, value]</tt> pairs.
- *
- *     [[:foo, :bar], [1, 2]].to_h
- *       # => {:foo => :bar, 1 => 2}
+ *    array.to_h -> new_hash
+ *    array.to_h {|item| ... } -> new_hash
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Hash formed from +self+.
+ *
+ *  When a block is given, calls the block with each array element;
+ *  the block must return a 2-element \Array whose two elements
+ *  form a key-value pair in the returned \Hash:
+ *    a = ['foo', :bar, 1, [2, 3], {baz: 4}]
+ *    h = a.to_h {|item| [item, item] }
+ *    h # => {"foo"=>"foo", :bar=>:bar, 1=>1, [2, 3]=>[2, 3], {:baz=>4}=>{:baz=>4}}
+ *
+ *  When no block is given, +self+ must be an \Array of 2-element sub-arrays,
+ *  each sub-array is formed into a key-value pair in the new \Hash:
+ *    [].to_h # => {}
+ *    a = [['foo', 'zero'], ['bar', 'one'], ['baz', 'two']]
+ *    h = a.to_h
+ *    h # => {"foo"=>"zero", "bar"=>"one", "baz"=>"two"}
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_to_h(VALUE ary)
 {
     long i;
-    VALUE hash = rb_hash_new();
+    VALUE hash = rb_hash_new_with_size(RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+    int block_given = rb_block_given_p();
+
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	VALUE key_value_pair = rb_check_array_type(rb_ary_elt(ary, i));
+	const VALUE e = rb_ary_elt(ary, i);
+	const VALUE elt = block_given ? rb_yield_force_blockarg(e) : e;
+	const VALUE key_value_pair = rb_check_array_type(elt);
 	if (NIL_P(key_value_pair)) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong element type %s at %ld (expected array)",
-		rb_builtin_class_name(rb_ary_elt(ary, i)), i);
+	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong element type %"PRIsVALUE" at %ld (expected array)",
+		     rb_obj_class(elt), i);
 	}
 	if (RARRAY_LEN(key_value_pair) != 2) {
 	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong array length at %ld (expected 2, was %ld)",
@@ -2180,7 +2973,7 @@ rb_ary_to_h(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.to_ary -> ary
+ *    array.to_ary -> self
  *
  *  Returns +self+.
  */
@@ -2209,9 +3002,9 @@ rb_ary_reverse(VALUE ary)
 
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
     if (len > 1) {
-	RARRAY_PTR_USE(ary, p1, {
-	    p2 = p1 + len - 1;	/* points last item */
-	    ary_reverse(p1, p2);
+        RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, p1, {
+            p2 = p1 + len - 1;	/* points last item */
+            ary_reverse(p1, p2);
 	}); /* WB: no new reference */
     }
     return ary;
@@ -2219,13 +3012,11 @@ rb_ary_reverse(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.reverse!   -> ary
- *
- *  Reverses +self+ in place.
+ *    array.reverse! -> self
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.reverse!       #=> ["c", "b", "a"]
- *     a                #=> ["c", "b", "a"]
+ *  Reverses +self+ in place:
+ *    a = ['foo', 'bar', 'two']
+ *    a.reverse! # => ["two", "bar", "foo"]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2236,12 +3027,12 @@ rb_ary_reverse_bang(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.reverse    -> new_ary
+ *    array.reverse -> new_array
  *
- *  Returns a new array containing +self+'s elements in reverse order.
- *
- *     [ "a", "b", "c" ].reverse   #=> ["c", "b", "a"]
- *     [ 1 ].reverse               #=> [1]
+ *  Returns a new \Array with the elements of +self+ in reverse order.
+ *    a = ['foo', 'bar', 'two']
+ *    a1 = a.reverse
+ *    a1 # => ["two", "bar", "foo"]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2251,8 +3042,8 @@ rb_ary_reverse_m(VALUE ary)
     VALUE dup = rb_ary_new2(len);
 
     if (len > 0) {
-	const VALUE *p1 = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary);
-	VALUE *p2 = (VALUE *)RARRAY_CONST_PTR(dup) + len - 1;
+        const VALUE *p1 = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
+        VALUE *p2 = (VALUE *)RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(dup) + len - 1;
 	do *p2-- = *p1++; while (--len > 0);
     }
     ARY_SET_LEN(dup, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
@@ -2265,73 +3056,127 @@ rotate_count(long cnt, long len)
     return (cnt < 0) ? (len - (~cnt % len) - 1) : (cnt % len);
 }
 
+static void
+ary_rotate_ptr(VALUE *ptr, long len, long cnt)
+{
+    if (cnt == 1) {
+        VALUE tmp = *ptr;
+        memmove(ptr, ptr + 1, sizeof(VALUE)*(len - 1));
+        *(ptr + len - 1) = tmp;
+    } else if (cnt == len - 1) {
+        VALUE tmp = *(ptr + len - 1);
+        memmove(ptr + 1, ptr, sizeof(VALUE)*(len - 1));
+        *ptr = tmp;
+    } else {
+        --len;
+        if (cnt < len) ary_reverse(ptr + cnt, ptr + len);
+        if (--cnt > 0) ary_reverse(ptr, ptr + cnt);
+        if (len > 0) ary_reverse(ptr, ptr + len);
+    }
+}
+
 VALUE
 rb_ary_rotate(VALUE ary, long cnt)
 {
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
 
     if (cnt != 0) {
-	VALUE *ptr = RARRAY_PTR(ary);
-	long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-
-	if (len > 0 && (cnt = rotate_count(cnt, len)) > 0) {
-	    --len;
-	    if (cnt < len) ary_reverse(ptr + cnt, ptr + len);
-	    if (--cnt > 0) ary_reverse(ptr, ptr + cnt);
-	    if (len > 0) ary_reverse(ptr, ptr + len);
-	    return ary;
-	}
+        long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+        if (len > 1 && (cnt = rotate_count(cnt, len)) > 0) {
+            RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, ary_rotate_ptr(ptr, len, cnt));
+            return ary;
+        }
     }
-
     return Qnil;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.rotate!(count=1)   -> ary
- *
- *  Rotates +self+ in place so that the element at +count+ comes first, and
- *  returns +self+.
- *
- *  If +count+ is negative then it rotates in the opposite direction, starting
- *  from the end of the array where +-1+ is the last element.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.rotate!        #=> ["b", "c", "d", "a"]
- *     a                #=> ["b", "c", "d", "a"]
- *     a.rotate!(2)     #=> ["d", "a", "b", "c"]
- *     a.rotate!(-3)    #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *    array.rotate! -> self
+ *    array.rotate!(count) -> self
+ *
+ *  Rotates +self+ in place by moving elements from one end to the other; returns +self+.
+ *
+ *  When no argument given, rotates the first element to the last position:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bar']
+ *    a.rotate! # => ["bar", 2, "bar", :foo]
+ *
+ *  When given a non-negative \Integer +count+,
+ *  rotates +count+ elements from the beginning to the end:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.rotate!(2)
+ *    a # => [2, :foo, "bar"]
+ *
+ *  If +count+ is large, uses <tt>count % array.size</tt> as the count:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.rotate!(20)
+ *    a # => [2, :foo, "bar"]
+ *
+ *  If +count+ is zero, returns +self+ unmodified:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.rotate!(0)
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  When given a negative Integer +count+, rotates in the opposite direction,
+ *  from end to beginning:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.rotate!(-2)
+ *    a # => ["bar", 2, :foo]
+ *
+ *  If +count+ is small (far from zero), uses <tt>count % array.size</tt> as the count:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.rotate!(-5)
+ *    a # => ["bar", 2, :foo]
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_rotate_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    long n = 1;
-
-    switch (argc) {
-      case 1: n = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
-      case 0: break;
-      default: rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", NULL);
-    }
+    long n = (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) ? NUM2LONG(argv[0]) : 1);
     rb_ary_rotate(ary, n);
     return ary;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.rotate(count=1)    -> new_ary
- *
- *  Returns a new array by rotating +self+ so that the element at +count+ is
- *  the first element of the new array.
- *
- *  If +count+ is negative then it rotates in the opposite direction, starting
- *  from the end of +self+ where +-1+ is the last element.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.rotate         #=> ["b", "c", "d", "a"]
- *     a                #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
- *     a.rotate(2)      #=> ["c", "d", "a", "b"]
- *     a.rotate(-3)     #=> ["b", "c", "d", "a"]
+ *    array.rotate -> new_array
+ *    array.rotate(count) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array formed from +self+ with elements
+ *  rotated from one end to the other.
+ *
+ *  When no argument given, returns a new \Array that is like +self+,
+ *  except that the first element has been rotated to the last position:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bar']
+ *    a1 = a.rotate
+ *    a1 # => ["bar", 2, "bar", :foo]
+ *
+ *  When given a non-negative \Integer +count+,
+ *  returns a new \Array with +count+ elements rotated from the beginning to the end:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a.rotate(2)
+ *    a1 # => [2, :foo, "bar"]
+ *
+ *  If +count+ is large, uses <tt>count % array.size</tt> as the count:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a.rotate(20)
+ *    a1 # => [2, :foo, "bar"]
+ *
+ *  If +count+ is zero, returns a copy of +self+, unmodified:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a.rotate(0)
+ *    a1 # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  When given a negative \Integer +count+, rotates in the opposite direction,
+ *  from end to beginning:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a.rotate(-2)
+ *    a1 # => ["bar", 2, :foo]
+ *
+ *  If +count+ is small (far from zero), uses <tt>count % array.size</tt> as the count:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a.rotate(-5)
+ *    a1 # => ["bar", 2, :foo]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2339,19 +3184,14 @@ rb_ary_rotate_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
     VALUE rotated;
     const VALUE *ptr;
-    long len, cnt = 1;
-
-    switch (argc) {
-      case 1: cnt = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
-      case 0: break;
-      default: rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", NULL);
-    }
+    long len;
+    long cnt = (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) ? NUM2LONG(argv[0]) : 1);
 
     len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     rotated = rb_ary_new2(len);
     if (len > 0) {
 	cnt = rotate_count(cnt, len);
-	ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary);
+        ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
 	len -= cnt;
 	ary_memcpy(rotated, 0, len, ptr + cnt);
 	ary_memcpy(rotated, len, cnt, ptr);
@@ -2362,26 +3202,9 @@ rb_ary_rotate_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 
 struct ary_sort_data {
     VALUE ary;
-    int opt_methods;
-    int opt_inited;
-};
-
-enum {
-    sort_opt_Fixnum,
-    sort_opt_String,
-    sort_optimizable_count
+    struct cmp_opt_data cmp_opt;
 };
 
-#define STRING_P(s) (RB_TYPE_P((s), T_STRING) && CLASS_OF(s) == rb_cString)
-
-#define SORT_OPTIMIZABLE_BIT(type) (1U << TOKEN_PASTE(sort_opt_,type))
-#define SORT_OPTIMIZABLE(data, type) \
-    (((data)->opt_inited & SORT_OPTIMIZABLE_BIT(type)) ? \
-     ((data)->opt_methods & SORT_OPTIMIZABLE_BIT(type)) : \
-     (((data)->opt_inited |= SORT_OPTIMIZABLE_BIT(type)), \
-      rb_method_basic_definition_p(TOKEN_PASTE(rb_c,type), id_cmp) && \
-      ((data)->opt_methods |= SORT_OPTIMIZABLE_BIT(type))))
-
 static VALUE
 sort_reentered(VALUE ary)
 {
@@ -2397,9 +3220,12 @@ sort_1(const void *ap, const void *bp, void *dummy)
     struct ary_sort_data *data = dummy;
     VALUE retval = sort_reentered(data->ary);
     VALUE a = *(const VALUE *)ap, b = *(const VALUE *)bp;
+    VALUE args[2];
     int n;
 
-    retval = rb_yield_values(2, a, b);
+    args[0] = a;
+    args[1] = b;
+    retval = rb_yield_values2(2, args);
     n = rb_cmpint(retval, a, b);
     sort_reentered(data->ary);
     return n;
@@ -2413,14 +3239,17 @@ sort_2(const void *ap, const void *bp, void *dummy)
     VALUE a = *(const VALUE *)ap, b = *(const VALUE *)bp;
     int n;
 
-    if (FIXNUM_P(a) && FIXNUM_P(b) && SORT_OPTIMIZABLE(data, Fixnum)) {
+    if (FIXNUM_P(a) && FIXNUM_P(b) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(data->cmp_opt, Integer)) {
 	if ((long)a > (long)b) return 1;
 	if ((long)a < (long)b) return -1;
 	return 0;
     }
-    if (STRING_P(a) && STRING_P(b) && SORT_OPTIMIZABLE(data, String)) {
+    if (STRING_P(a) && STRING_P(b) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(data->cmp_opt, String)) {
 	return rb_str_cmp(a, b);
     }
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(a) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(data->cmp_opt, Float)) {
+	return rb_float_cmp(a, b);
+    }
 
     retval = rb_funcallv(a, id_cmp, 1, &b);
     n = rb_cmpint(retval, a, b);
@@ -2431,23 +3260,38 @@ sort_2(const void *ap, const void *bp, void *dummy)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.sort!                   -> ary
- *     ary.sort! { |a, b| block }  -> ary
- *
- *  Sorts +self+ in place.
- *
- *  Comparisons for the sort will be done using the <code><=></code> operator
- *  or using an optional code block.
- *
- *  The block must implement a comparison between +a+ and +b+, and return
- *  +-1+, when +a+ follows +b+, +0+ when +a+ and +b+ are equivalent, or ++1+
- *  if +b+ follows +a+.
- *
- *  See also Enumerable#sort_by.
- *
- *     a = [ "d", "a", "e", "c", "b" ]
- *     a.sort!                    #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
- *     a.sort! { |x,y| y <=> x }  #=> ["e", "d", "c", "b", "a"]
+ *    array.sort! -> self
+ *    array.sort! {|a, b| ... } -> self
+ *
+ *  Returns +self+ with its elements sorted in place.
+ *
+ *  With no block, compares elements using operator <tt><=></tt>
+ *  (see Comparable):
+ *    a = 'abcde'.split('').shuffle
+ *    a # => ["e", "b", "d", "a", "c"]
+ *    a.sort!
+ *    a # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
+ *
+ *  With a block, calls the block with each element pair;
+ *  for each element pair +a+ and +b+, the block should return an integer:
+ *  - Negative when +b+ is to follow +a+.
+ *  - Zero when +a+ and +b+ are equivalent.
+ *  - Positive when +a+ is to follow +b+.
+ *
+ *  Example:
+ *    a = 'abcde'.split('').shuffle
+ *    a # => ["e", "b", "d", "a", "c"]
+ *    a.sort! {|a, b| a <=> b }
+ *    a # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
+ *    a.sort! {|a, b| b <=> a }
+ *    a # => ["e", "d", "c", "b", "a"]
+ *
+ *  When the block returns zero, the order for +a+ and +b+ is indeterminate,
+ *  and may be unstable:
+ *    a = 'abcde'.split('').shuffle
+ *    a # => ["e", "b", "d", "a", "c"]
+ *    a.sort! {|a, b| 0 }
+ *    a # => ["d", "e", "c", "a", "b"]
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -2459,21 +3303,20 @@ rb_ary_sort_bang(VALUE ary)
 	VALUE tmp = ary_make_substitution(ary); /* only ary refers tmp */
 	struct ary_sort_data data;
 	long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-
 	RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(tmp);
 	data.ary = tmp;
-	data.opt_methods = 0;
-	data.opt_inited = 0;
+	data.cmp_opt.opt_methods = 0;
+	data.cmp_opt.opt_inited = 0;
 	RARRAY_PTR_USE(tmp, ptr, {
-	    ruby_qsort(ptr, len, sizeof(VALUE),
-		       rb_block_given_p()?sort_1:sort_2, &data);
+            ruby_qsort(ptr, len, sizeof(VALUE),
+                       rb_block_given_p()?sort_1:sort_2, &data);
 	}); /* WB: no new reference */
 	rb_ary_modify(ary);
         if (ARY_EMBED_P(tmp)) {
             if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) { /* ary might be destructively operated in the given block */
                 rb_ary_unshare(ary);
+		FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
             }
-            FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
 	    ary_memcpy(ary, 0, ARY_EMBED_LEN(tmp), ARY_EMBED_PTR(tmp));
             ARY_SET_LEN(ary, ARY_EMBED_LEN(tmp));
         }
@@ -2492,44 +3335,61 @@ rb_ary_sort_bang(VALUE ary)
                     rb_ary_unshare(ary);
                 }
                 else {
-		    ruby_sized_xfree((void *)ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary), ARY_HEAP_SIZE(ary));
+                    ary_heap_free(ary);
                 }
-                ARY_SET_PTR(ary, RARRAY_CONST_PTR(tmp));
+                ARY_SET_PTR(ary, ARY_HEAP_PTR(tmp));
                 ARY_SET_HEAP_LEN(ary, len);
-                ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, RARRAY_LEN(tmp));
+                ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, ARY_HEAP_LEN(tmp));
             }
             /* tmp was lost ownership for the ptr */
             FL_UNSET(tmp, FL_FREEZE);
             FL_SET_EMBED(tmp);
             ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(tmp, 0);
             FL_SET(tmp, FL_FREEZE);
-	}
+        }
         /* tmp will be GC'ed. */
         RBASIC_SET_CLASS_RAW(tmp, rb_cArray); /* rb_cArray must be marked */
     }
+    ary_verify(ary);
     return ary;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.sort                   -> new_ary
- *     ary.sort { |a, b| block }  -> new_ary
- *
- *  Returns a new array created by sorting +self+.
- *
- *  Comparisons for the sort will be done using the <code><=></code> operator
- *  or using an optional code block.
- *
- *  The block must implement a comparison between +a+ and +b+, and return
- *  +-1+, when +a+ follows +b+, +0+ when +a+ and +b+ are equivalent, or ++1+
- *  if +b+ follows +a+.
- *
- *
- *  See also Enumerable#sort_by.
- *
- *     a = [ "d", "a", "e", "c", "b" ]
- *     a.sort                    #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
- *     a.sort { |x,y| y <=> x }  #=> ["e", "d", "c", "b", "a"]
+ *    array.sort -> new_array
+ *    array.sort {|a, b| ... } -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array whose elements are those from +self+, sorted.
+ *
+ *  With no block, compares elements using operator <tt><=></tt>
+ *  (see Comparable):
+ *    a = 'abcde'.split('').shuffle
+ *    a # => ["e", "b", "d", "a", "c"]
+ *    a1 = a.sort
+ *    a1 # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
+ *
+ *  With a block, calls the block with each element pair;
+ *  for each element pair +a+ and +b+, the block should return an integer:
+ *  - Negative when +b+ is to follow +a+.
+ *  - Zero when +a+ and +b+ are equivalent.
+ *  - Positive when +a+ is to follow +b+.
+ *
+ *  Example:
+ *    a = 'abcde'.split('').shuffle
+ *    a # => ["e", "b", "d", "a", "c"]
+ *    a1 = a.sort {|a, b| a <=> b }
+ *    a1 # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
+ *    a2 = a.sort {|a, b| b <=> a }
+ *    a2 # => ["e", "d", "c", "b", "a"]
+ *
+ *  When the block returns zero, the order for +a+ and +b+ is indeterminate,
+ *  and may be unstable:
+ *    a = 'abcde'.split('').shuffle
+ *    a # => ["e", "b", "d", "a", "c"]
+ *    a1 = a.sort {|a, b| 0 }
+ *    a1 # =>  ["c", "e", "b", "d", "a"]
+ *
+ *  Related: Enumerable#sort_by.
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -2540,62 +3400,122 @@ rb_ary_sort(VALUE ary)
     return ary;
 }
 
+static VALUE rb_ary_bsearch_index(VALUE ary);
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.bsearch {|x| block }  -> elem
+ *    array.bsearch {|element| ... } -> object
+ *    array.bsearch -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Returns an element from +self+ selected by a binary search.
+ *  +self+ should be sorted, but this is not checked.
  *
  *  By using binary search, finds a value from this array which meets
- *  the given condition in O(log n) where n is the size of the array.
- *
- *  You can use this method in two use cases: a find-minimum mode and
- *  a find-any mode.  In either case, the elements of the array must be
- *  monotone (or sorted) with respect to the block.
- *
- *  In find-minimum mode (this is a good choice for typical use case),
- *  the block must return true or false, and there must be an index i
- *  (0 <= i <= ary.size) so that:
- *
- *  - the block returns false for any element whose index is less than
- *    i, and
- *  - the block returns true for any element whose index is greater
- *    than or equal to i.
- *
- *  This method returns the i-th element.  If i is equal to ary.size,
- *  it returns nil.
- *
- *     ary = [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]
- *     ary.bsearch {|x| x >=   4 } #=> 4
- *     ary.bsearch {|x| x >=   6 } #=> 7
- *     ary.bsearch {|x| x >=  -1 } #=> 0
- *     ary.bsearch {|x| x >= 100 } #=> nil
- *
- *  In find-any mode (this behaves like libc's bsearch(3)), the block
- *  must return a number, and there must be two indices i and j
- *  (0 <= i <= j <= ary.size) so that:
- *
- *  - the block returns a positive number for ary[k] if 0 <= k < i,
- *  - the block returns zero for ary[k] if i <= k < j, and
- *  - the block returns a negative number for ary[k] if
- *    j <= k < ary.size.
- *
- *  Under this condition, this method returns any element whose index
- *  is within i...j.  If i is equal to j (i.e., there is no element
- *  that satisfies the block), this method returns nil.
- *
- *     ary = [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]
- *     # try to find v such that 4 <= v < 8
- *     ary.bsearch {|x| 1 - x / 4 } #=> 4 or 7
- *     # try to find v such that 8 <= v < 10
- *     ary.bsearch {|x| 4 - x / 2 } #=> nil
- *
- *  You must not mix the two modes at a time; the block must always
- *  return either true/false, or always return a number.  It is
- *  undefined which value is actually picked up at each iteration.
+ *  the given condition in <tt>O(log n)</tt> where +n+ is the size of the array.
+ *
+ *  There are two search modes:
+ *  - <b>Find-minimum mode</b>: the block should return +true+ or +false+.
+ *  - <b>Find-any mode</b>: the block should return a numeric value.
+ *
+ *  The block should not mix the modes by and sometimes returning +true+ or +false+
+ *  and sometimes returning a numeric value, but this is not checked.
+ *
+ *  <b>Find-Minimum Mode</b>
+ *
+ *  In find-minimum mode, the block always returns +true+ or +false+.
+ *  The further requirement (though not checked) is that
+ *  there are no indexes +i+ and +j+ such that:
+ *  - <tt>0 <= i < j <= self.size</tt>.
+ *  - The block returns +true+ for <tt>self[i]</tt> and +false+ for <tt>self[j]</tt>.
+ *
+ *  In find-minimum mode, method bsearch returns the first element for which the block returns true.
+ *
+ *  Examples:
+ *    a = [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]
+ *    a.bsearch {|x| x >= 4 } # => 4
+ *    a.bsearch {|x| x >= 6 } # => 7
+ *    a.bsearch {|x| x >= -1 } # => 0
+ *    a.bsearch {|x| x >= 100 } # => nil
+ *
+ *  Less formally: the block is such that all +false+-evaluating elements
+ *  precede all +true+-evaluating elements.
+ *
+ *  These make sense as blocks in find-minimum mode:
+ *    a = [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]
+ *    a.map {|x| x >= 4 } # => [false, true, true, true, true]
+ *    a.map {|x| x >= 6 } # => [false, false, true, true, true]
+ *    a.map {|x| x >= -1 } # => [true, true, true, true, true]
+ *    a.map {|x| x >= 100 } # => [false, false, false, false, false]
+ *
+ *  This would not make sense:
+ *    a = [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]
+ *    a.map {|x| x == 7 } # => [false, false, true, false, false]
+ *
+ *  <b>Find-Any Mode</b>
+ *
+ *  In find-any mode, the block always returns a numeric value.
+ *  The further requirement (though not checked) is that
+ *  there are no indexes +i+ and +j+ such that:
+ *  - <tt>0 <= i < j <= self.size</tt>.
+ *  - The block returns a negative value for <tt>self[i]</tt>
+ *    and a positive value for <tt>self[j]</tt>.
+ *  - The block returns a negative value for <tt>self[i]</tt> and zero <tt>self[j]</tt>.
+ *  - The block returns zero for <tt>self[i]</tt> and a positive value for <tt>self[j]</tt>.
+ *
+ *  In find-any mode, method bsearch returns some element
+ *  for which the block returns zero, or +nil+ if no such element is found.
+ *
+ *  Examples:
+ *    a = [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]
+ *    a.bsearch {|element| 7 <=> element } # => 7
+ *    a.bsearch {|element| -1 <=> element } # => nil
+ *    a.bsearch {|element| 5 <=> element } # => nil
+ *    a.bsearch {|element| 15 <=> element } # => nil
+ *
+ *  Less formally: the block is such that:
+ *  - All positive-evaluating elements precede all zero-evaluating elements.
+ *  - All positive-evaluating elements precede all negative-evaluating elements.
+ *  - All zero-evaluating elements precede all negative-evaluating elements.
+ *
+ *  These make sense as blocks in find-any mode:
+ *    a = [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]
+ *    a.map {|element| 7 <=> element } # => [1, 1, 0, -1, -1]
+ *    a.map {|element| -1 <=> element } # => [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1]
+ *    a.map {|element| 5 <=> element } # => [1, 1, -1, -1, -1]
+ *    a.map {|element| 15 <=> element } # => [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
+ *
+ *  This would not make sense:
+ *    a = [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]
+ *    a.map {|element| element <=> 7 } # => [-1, -1, 0, 1, 1]
+ *
+ *  Returns an enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]
+ *    a.bsearch # => #<Enumerator: [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]:bsearch>
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_bsearch(VALUE ary)
 {
+    VALUE index_result = rb_ary_bsearch_index(ary);
+
+    if (FIXNUM_P(index_result)) {
+	return rb_ary_entry(ary, FIX2LONG(index_result));
+    }
+    return index_result;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.bsearch_index {|element| ... } -> integer or nil
+ *    array.bsearch_index -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Searches +self+ as described at method #bsearch,
+ *  but returns the _index_ of the found element instead of the element itself.
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_bsearch_index(VALUE ary)
+{
     long low = 0, high = RARRAY_LEN(ary), mid;
     int smaller = 0, satisfied = 0;
     VALUE v, val;
@@ -2606,8 +3526,8 @@ rb_ary_bsearch(VALUE ary)
 	val = rb_ary_entry(ary, mid);
 	v = rb_yield(val);
 	if (FIXNUM_P(v)) {
-	    if (FIX2INT(v) == 0) return val;
-	    smaller = FIX2INT(v) < 0;
+	    if (v == INT2FIX(0)) return INT2FIX(mid);
+	    smaller = (SIGNED_VALUE)v < 0; /* Fixnum preserves its sign-bit */
 	}
 	else if (v == Qtrue) {
 	    satisfied = 1;
@@ -2618,16 +3538,16 @@ rb_ary_bsearch(VALUE ary)
 	}
 	else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(v, rb_cNumeric)) {
 	    const VALUE zero = INT2FIX(0);
-	    switch (rb_cmpint(rb_funcallv(v, id_cmp, 1, &zero), v, INT2FIX(0))) {
-		case 0: return val;
-		case 1: smaller = 1; break;
-		case -1: smaller = 0;
+	    switch (rb_cmpint(rb_funcallv(v, id_cmp, 1, &zero), v, zero)) {
+	      case 0: return INT2FIX(mid);
+	      case 1: smaller = 1; break;
+	      case -1: smaller = 0;
 	    }
 	}
 	else {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s"
-		" (must be numeric, true, false or nil)",
-		rb_obj_classname(v));
+	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %"PRIsVALUE
+		     " (must be numeric, true, false or nil)",
+		     rb_obj_class(v));
 	}
 	if (smaller) {
 	    high = mid;
@@ -2636,9 +3556,8 @@ rb_ary_bsearch(VALUE ary)
 	    low = mid + 1;
 	}
     }
-    if (low == RARRAY_LEN(ary)) return Qnil;
     if (!satisfied) return Qnil;
-    return rb_ary_entry(ary, low);
+    return INT2FIX(low);
 }
 
 
@@ -2650,14 +3569,26 @@ sort_by_i(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(i, dummy))
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.sort_by! { |obj| block }    -> ary
- *     ary.sort_by!                    -> Enumerator
+ *    array.sort_by! {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    array.sort_by! -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Sorts the elements of +self+ in place,
+ *  using an ordering determined by the block; returns self.
+ *
+ *  Calls the block with each successive element;
+ *  sorts elements based on the values returned from the block.
  *
- *  Sorts +self+ in place using a set of keys generated by mapping the
- *  values in +self+ through the given block.
+ *  For duplicates returned by the block, the ordering is indeterminate, and may be unstable.
  *
- *  If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+ *  This example sorts strings based on their sizes:
+ *    a = ['aaaa', 'bbb', 'cc', 'd']
+ *    a.sort_by! {|element| element.size }
+ *    a # => ["d", "cc", "bbb", "aaaa"]
  *
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *
+ *    a = ['aaaa', 'bbb', 'cc', 'd']
+ *    a.sort_by! # => #<Enumerator: ["aaaa", "bbb", "cc", "d"]:sort_by!>
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2675,23 +3606,21 @@ rb_ary_sort_by_bang(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.collect { |item| block }  -> new_ary
- *     ary.map     { |item| block }  -> new_ary
- *     ary.collect                   -> Enumerator
- *     ary.map                       -> Enumerator
- *
- *  Invokes the given block once for each element of +self+.
+ *    array.map {|element| ... } -> new_array
+ *    array.map -> new_enumerator
  *
- *  Creates a new array containing the values returned by the block.
+ *  Calls the block, if given, with each element of +self+;
+ *  returns a new \Array whose elements are the return values from the block:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a.map {|element| element.class }
+ *    a1 # => [Symbol, String, Integer]
  *
- *  See also Enumerable#collect.
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a.map
+ *    a1 # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:map>
  *
- *  If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.collect { |x| x + "!" }        #=> ["a!", "b!", "c!", "d!"]
- *     a.map.with_index{ |x, i| x * i } #=> ["", "b", "cc", "ddd"]
- *     a                                #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *  Array#collect is an alias for Array#map.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2703,7 +3632,7 @@ rb_ary_collect(VALUE ary)
     RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0, ary_enum_length);
     collect = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_LEN(ary));
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	rb_ary_push(collect, rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)));
+        rb_ary_push(collect, rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)));
     }
     return collect;
 }
@@ -2711,23 +3640,20 @@ rb_ary_collect(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.collect! {|item| block }   -> ary
- *     ary.map!     {|item| block }   -> ary
- *     ary.collect!                   -> Enumerator
- *     ary.map!                       -> Enumerator
- *
- *  Invokes the given block once for each element of +self+, replacing the
- *  element with the value returned by the block.
+ *    array.map! {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    array.map! -> new_enumerator
  *
- *  See also Enumerable#collect.
+ *  Calls the block, if given, with each element;
+ *  replaces the element with the block's return value:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.map! { |element| element.class } # => [Symbol, String, Integer]
  *
- *  If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a.map!
+ *    a1 # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:map!>
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.map! {|x| x + "!" }
- *     a #=>  [ "a!", "b!", "c!", "d!" ]
- *     a.collect!.with_index {|x, i| x[0...i] }
- *     a #=>  ["", "b", "c!", "d!"]
+ *  Array#collect! is an alias for Array#map!.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2769,47 +3695,98 @@ rb_get_values_at(VALUE obj, long olen, int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE (*func
     return result;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+append_values_at_single(VALUE result, VALUE ary, long olen, VALUE idx)
+{
+    long beg, len;
+    if (FIXNUM_P(idx)) {
+	beg = FIX2LONG(idx);
+    }
+    /* check if idx is Range */
+    else if (rb_range_beg_len(idx, &beg, &len, olen, 1)) {
+	if (len > 0) {
+            const VALUE *const src = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
+	    const long end = beg + len;
+	    const long prevlen = RARRAY_LEN(result);
+	    if (beg < olen) {
+		rb_ary_cat(result, src + beg, end > olen ? olen-beg : len);
+	    }
+	    if (end > olen) {
+		rb_ary_store(result, prevlen + len - 1, Qnil);
+	    }
+	}
+	return result;
+    }
+    else {
+	beg = NUM2LONG(idx);
+    }
+    return rb_ary_push(result, rb_ary_entry(ary, beg));
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.values_at(selector, ...)  -> new_ary
+ *    array.values_at(*indexes) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array whose elements are the elements
+ *  of +self+ at the given \Integer +indexes+.
  *
- *  Returns an array containing the elements in +self+ corresponding to the
- *  given +selector+(s).
+ *  For each positive +index+, returns the element at offset +index+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.values_at(0, 2) # => [:foo, 2]
  *
- *  The selectors may be either integer indices or ranges.
+ *  The given +indexes+ may be in any order, and may repeat:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.values_at(2, 0, 1, 0, 2) # => [2, :foo, "bar", :foo, 2]
  *
- *  See also Array#select.
+ *  Assigns +nil+ for an +index+ that is too large:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.values_at(0, 3, 1, 3) # => [:foo, nil, "bar", nil]
  *
- *     a = %w{ a b c d e f }
- *     a.values_at(1, 3, 5)          # => ["b", "d", "f"]
- *     a.values_at(1, 3, 5, 7)       # => ["b", "d", "f", nil]
- *     a.values_at(-1, -2, -2, -7)   # => ["f", "e", "e", nil]
- *     a.values_at(4..6, 3...6)      # => ["e", "f", nil, "d", "e", "f"]
+ *  Returns a new empty \Array if no arguments given.
+ *
+ *  For each negative +index+, counts backward from the end of the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.values_at(-1, -3) # => [2, :foo]
+ *
+ *  Assigns +nil+ for an +index+ that is too small:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.values_at(0, -5, 1, -6, 2) # => [:foo, nil, "bar", nil, 2]
+ *
+ *  The given +indexes+ may have a mixture of signs:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.values_at(0, -2, 1, -1) # => [:foo, "bar", "bar", 2]
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_values_at(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    return rb_get_values_at(ary, RARRAY_LEN(ary), argc, argv, rb_ary_entry);
+    long i, olen = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    VALUE result = rb_ary_new_capa(argc);
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
+	append_values_at_single(result, ary, olen, argv[i]);
+    }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(ary);
+    return result;
 }
 
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.select { |item| block } -> new_ary
- *     ary.select                  -> Enumerator
+ *    array.select {|element| ... } -> new_array
+ *    array.select -> new_enumerator
  *
- *  Returns a new array containing all elements of +ary+
- *  for which the given +block+ returns a true value.
+ *  Calls the block, if given, with each element of +self+;
+ *  returns a new \Array containing those elements of +self+
+ *  for which the block returns a truthy value:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, :bam]
+ *    a1 = a.select {|element| element.to_s.start_with?('b') }
+ *    a1 # => ["bar", :bam]
  *
- *  If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, :bam]
+ *    a.select # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2, :bam]:select>
  *
- *     [1,2,3,4,5].select { |num|  num.even?  }   #=> [2, 4]
- *
- *     a = %w{ a b c d e f }
- *     a.select { |v| v =~ /[aeiou]/ }  #=> ["a", "e"]
- *
- *  See also Enumerable#select.
+ *  Array#filter is an alias for Array#select.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2828,58 +3805,98 @@ rb_ary_select(VALUE ary)
     return result;
 }
 
+struct select_bang_arg {
+    VALUE ary;
+    long len[2];
+};
+
+static VALUE
+select_bang_i(VALUE a)
+{
+    volatile struct select_bang_arg *arg = (void *)a;
+    VALUE ary = arg->ary;
+    long i1, i2;
+
+    for (i1 = i2 = 0; i1 < RARRAY_LEN(ary); arg->len[0] = ++i1) {
+	VALUE v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i1);
+	if (!RTEST(rb_yield(v))) continue;
+	if (i1 != i2) {
+	    rb_ary_store(ary, i2, v);
+	}
+	arg->len[1] = ++i2;
+    }
+    return (i1 == i2) ? Qnil : ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+select_bang_ensure(VALUE a)
+{
+    volatile struct select_bang_arg *arg = (void *)a;
+    VALUE ary = arg->ary;
+    long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    long i1 = arg->len[0], i2 = arg->len[1];
+
+    if (i2 < len && i2 < i1) {
+	long tail = 0;
+        rb_ary_modify(ary);
+	if (i1 < len) {
+	    tail = len - i1;
+            RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
+		    MEMMOVE(ptr + i2, ptr + i1, VALUE, tail);
+		});
+	}
+	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, i2 + tail);
+    }
+    return ary;
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.select!  {|item| block } -> ary or nil
- *     ary.select!                  -> Enumerator
+ *    array.select! {|element| ... } -> self or nil
+ *    array.select! -> new_enumerator
  *
- *  Invokes the given block passing in successive elements from +self+,
- *  deleting elements for which the block returns a +false+ value.
+ *  Calls the block, if given  with each element of +self+;
+ *  removes from +self+ those elements for which the block returns +false+ or +nil+.
  *
- *  If changes were made, it will return +self+, otherwise it returns +nil+.
+ *  Returns +self+ if any elements were removed:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, :bam]
+ *    a.select! {|element| element.to_s.start_with?('b') } # => ["bar", :bam]
  *
- *  See also Array#keep_if
+ *  Returns +nil+ if no elements were removed.
  *
- *  If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, :bam]
+ *    a.select! # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2, :bam]:select!>
  *
+ *  Array#filter! is an alias for Array#select!.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_select_bang(VALUE ary)
 {
-    long i1, i2;
+    struct select_bang_arg args;
 
     RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0, ary_enum_length);
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    for (i1 = i2 = 0; i1 < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i1++) {
-	VALUE v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i1);
-	if (!RTEST(rb_yield(v))) continue;
-	if (i1 != i2) {
-	    rb_ary_store(ary, i2, v);
-	}
-	i2++;
-    }
 
-    if (i1 == i2) return Qnil;
-    if (i2 < i1)
-	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, i2);
-    return ary;
+    args.ary = ary;
+    args.len[0] = args.len[1] = 0;
+    return rb_ensure(select_bang_i, (VALUE)&args, select_bang_ensure, (VALUE)&args);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.keep_if { |item| block } -> ary
- *     ary.keep_if                  -> Enumerator
+ *    array.keep_if {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    array.keep_if -> new_enumeration
  *
- *  Deletes every element of +self+ for which the given block evaluates to
- *  +false+.
+ *  Retains those elements for which the block returns a truthy value;
+ *  deletes all other elements; returns +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, :bam]
+ *    a.keep_if {|element| element.to_s.start_with?('b') } # => ["bar", :bam]
  *
- *  See also Array#select!
- *
- *  If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- *     a = %w{ a b c d e f }
- *     a.keep_if { |v| v =~ /[aeiou]/ }  #=> ["a", "e"]
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, :bam]
+ *    a.keep_if # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2, :bam]:keep_if>
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2905,22 +3922,34 @@ ary_resize_smaller(VALUE ary, long len)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.delete(obj)            -> item or nil
- *     ary.delete(obj) { block }  -> item or result of block
- *
- *  Deletes all items from +self+ that are equal to +obj+.
- *
- *  Returns the last deleted item, or +nil+ if no matching item is found.
- *
- *  If the optional code block is given, the result of the block is returned if
- *  the item is not found.  (To remove +nil+ elements and get an informative
- *  return value, use Array#compact!)
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "b", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.delete("b")                   #=> "b"
- *     a                               #=> ["a", "c"]
- *     a.delete("z")                   #=> nil
- *     a.delete("z") { "not found" }   #=> "not found"
+ *    array.delete(obj) -> deleted_object
+ *    array.delete(obj) {|nosuch| ... } -> deleted_object or block_return
+ *
+ *  Removes zero or more elements from +self+; returns +self+.
+ *
+ *  When no block is given,
+ *  removes from +self+ each element +ele+ such that <tt>ele == obj</tt>;
+ *  returns the last deleted element:
+ *    s1 = 'bar'; s2 = 'bar'
+ *    a = [:foo, s1, 2, s2]
+ *    a.delete('bar') # => "bar"
+ *    a # => [:foo, 2]
+ *
+ *  Returns +nil+ if no elements removed.
+ *
+ *  When a block is given,
+ *  removes from +self+ each element +ele+ such that <tt>ele == obj</tt>.
+ *
+ *  If any such elements are found, ignores the block
+ *  and returns the last deleted element:
+ *    s1 = 'bar'; s2 = 'bar'
+ *    a = [:foo, s1, 2, s2]
+ *    deleted_obj = a.delete('bar') {|obj| fail 'Cannot happen' }
+ *    a # => [:foo, 2]
+ *
+ *  If no such elements are found, returns the block's return value:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.delete(:nosuch) {|obj| "#{obj} not found" } # => "nosuch not found"
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -2950,6 +3979,7 @@ rb_ary_delete(VALUE ary, VALUE item)
 
     ary_resize_smaller(ary, i2);
 
+    ary_verify(ary);
     return v;
 }
 
@@ -2990,27 +4020,33 @@ rb_ary_delete_at(VALUE ary, long pos)
 
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
     del = RARRAY_AREF(ary, pos);
-    RARRAY_PTR_USE(ary, ptr, {
-	MEMMOVE(ptr+pos, ptr+pos+1, VALUE, len-pos-1);
+    RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
+        MEMMOVE(ptr+pos, ptr+pos+1, VALUE, len-pos-1);
     });
     ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -1);
-
+    ary_verify(ary);
     return del;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.delete_at(index)  -> obj or nil
+ *    array.delete_at(index) -> deleted_object or nil
+ *
+ *  Deletes an element from +self+, per the given \Integer +index+.
+ *
+ *  When +index+ is non-negative, deletes the element at offset +index+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.delete_at(1) # => "bar"
+ *    a # => [:foo, 2]
  *
- *  Deletes the element at the specified +index+, returning that element, or
- *  +nil+ if the +index+ is out of range.
+ *  If index is too large, returns +nil+.
  *
- *  See also Array#slice!
+ *  When +index+ is negative, counts backward from the end of the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.delete_at(-2) # => "bar"
+ *    a # => [:foo, 2]
  *
- *     a = ["ant", "bat", "cat", "dog"]
- *     a.delete_at(2)    #=> "cat"
- *     a                 #=> ["ant", "bat", "dog"]
- *     a.delete_at(99)   #=> nil
+ *  If +index+ is too small (far from zero), returns nil.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -3019,66 +4055,118 @@ rb_ary_delete_at_m(VALUE ary, VALUE pos)
     return rb_ary_delete_at(ary, NUM2LONG(pos));
 }
 
+static VALUE
+ary_slice_bang_by_rb_ary_splice(VALUE ary, long pos, long len)
+{
+    const long orig_len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+
+    if (len < 0) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    else if (pos < -orig_len) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    else if (pos < 0) {
+        pos += orig_len;
+    }
+    else if (orig_len < pos) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    if (orig_len < pos + len) {
+        len = orig_len - pos;
+    }
+    if (len == 0) {
+        return rb_ary_new2(0);
+    }
+    else {
+        VALUE arg2 = rb_ary_new4(len, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary)+pos);
+        rb_ary_splice(ary, pos, len, 0, 0);
+        return arg2;
+    }
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.slice!(index)         -> obj or nil
- *     ary.slice!(start, length) -> new_ary or nil
- *     ary.slice!(range)         -> new_ary or nil
- *
- *  Deletes the element(s) given by an +index+ (optionally up to +length+
- *  elements) or by a +range+.
- *
- *  Returns the deleted object (or objects), or +nil+ if the +index+ is out of
- *  range.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.slice!(1)     #=> "b"
- *     a               #=> ["a", "c"]
- *     a.slice!(-1)    #=> "c"
- *     a               #=> ["a"]
- *     a.slice!(100)   #=> nil
- *     a               #=> ["a"]
+ *    array.slice!(n) -> object or nil
+ *    array.slice!(start, length) -> new_array or nil
+ *    array.slice!(range) -> new_array or nil
+ *
+ *  Removes and returns elements from +self+.
+ *
+ *  When the only argument is an \Integer +n+,
+ *  removes and returns the _nth_ element in +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.slice!(1) # => "bar"
+ *    a # => [:foo, 2]
+ *
+ *  If +n+ is negative, counts backwards from the end of +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.slice!(-1) # => 2
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar"]
+ *
+ *  If +n+ is out of range, returns +nil+.
+ *
+ *  When the only arguments are Integers +start+ and +length+,
+ *  removes +length+ elements from +self+ beginning at offset  +start+;
+ *  returns the deleted objects in a new Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.slice!(0, 2) # => [:foo, "bar"]
+ *    a # => [2]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>start + length</tt> exceeds the array size,
+ *  removes and returns all elements from offset +start+ to the end:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.slice!(1, 50) # => ["bar", 2]
+ *    a # => [:foo]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>start == a.size</tt> and +length+ is non-negative,
+ *  returns a new empty \Array.
+ *
+ *  If +length+ is negative, returns +nil+.
+ *
+ *  When the only argument is a \Range object +range+,
+ *  treats <tt>range.min</tt> as +start+ above and <tt>range.size</tt> as +length+ above:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *     a.slice!(1..2) # => ["bar", 2]
+ *    a # => [:foo]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.start == a.size</tt>, returns a new empty \Array.
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.start</tt> is larger than the array size, returns +nil+.
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.end</tt> is negative, counts backwards from the end of the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.slice!(0..-2) # => [:foo, "bar"]
+ *    a # => [2]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.start</tt> is negative,
+ *  calculates the start index backwards from the end of the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.slice!(-2..2) # => ["bar", 2]
+ *    a # => [:foo]
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_slice_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE arg1, arg2;
-    long pos, len, orig_len;
+    VALUE arg1;
+    long pos, len;
 
     rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2);
+    arg1 = argv[0];
+
     if (argc == 2) {
 	pos = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
 	len = NUM2LONG(argv[1]);
-      delete_pos_len:
-	if (len < 0) return Qnil;
-	orig_len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-	if (pos < 0) {
-	    pos += orig_len;
-	    if (pos < 0) return Qnil;
-	}
-	else if (orig_len < pos) return Qnil;
-	if (orig_len < pos + len) {
-	    len = orig_len - pos;
-	}
-	if (len == 0) return rb_ary_new2(0);
-	arg2 = rb_ary_new4(len, RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary)+pos);
-	RBASIC_SET_CLASS(arg2, rb_obj_class(ary));
-	rb_ary_splice(ary, pos, len, Qundef);
-	return arg2;
-    }
-
-    if (argc != 1) {
-	/* error report */
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", NULL, NULL);
+        return ary_slice_bang_by_rb_ary_splice(ary, pos, len);
     }
-    arg1 = argv[0];
 
     if (!FIXNUM_P(arg1)) {
 	switch (rb_range_beg_len(arg1, &pos, &len, RARRAY_LEN(ary), 0)) {
 	  case Qtrue:
 	    /* valid range */
-	    goto delete_pos_len;
+            return ary_slice_bang_by_rb_ary_splice(ary, pos, len);
 	  case Qnil:
 	    /* invalid range */
 	    return Qnil;
@@ -3098,7 +4186,8 @@ ary_reject(VALUE orig, VALUE result)
 
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(orig); i++) {
 	VALUE v = RARRAY_AREF(orig, i);
-	if (!RTEST(rb_yield(v))) {
+
+        if (!RTEST(rb_yield(v))) {
 	    rb_ary_push(result, v);
 	}
     }
@@ -3106,59 +4195,73 @@ ary_reject(VALUE orig, VALUE result)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-ary_reject_bang(VALUE ary)
+reject_bang_i(VALUE a)
 {
-    long i;
-    VALUE result = Qnil;
+    volatile struct select_bang_arg *arg = (void *)a;
+    VALUE ary = arg->ary;
+    long i1, i2;
 
-    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ) {
-	VALUE v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
-	if (RTEST(rb_yield(v))) {
-	    rb_ary_delete_at(ary, i);
-	    result = ary;
-	}
-	else {
-	    i++;
+    for (i1 = i2 = 0; i1 < RARRAY_LEN(ary); arg->len[0] = ++i1) {
+	VALUE v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i1);
+	if (RTEST(rb_yield(v))) continue;
+	if (i1 != i2) {
+	    rb_ary_store(ary, i2, v);
 	}
+	arg->len[1] = ++i2;
     }
-    return result;
+    return (i1 == i2) ? Qnil : ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_reject_bang(VALUE ary)
+{
+    struct select_bang_arg args;
+    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+    args.ary = ary;
+    args.len[0] = args.len[1] = 0;
+    return rb_ensure(reject_bang_i, (VALUE)&args, select_bang_ensure, (VALUE)&args);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.reject! { |item| block }  -> ary or nil
- *     ary.reject!                   -> Enumerator
+ *    array.reject! {|element| ... } -> self or nil
+ *    array.reject! -> new_enumerator
  *
- *  Equivalent to Array#delete_if, deleting elements from +self+ for which the
- *  block evaluates to +true+, but returns +nil+ if no changes were made.
+ *  Removes each element for which the block returns a truthy value.
  *
- *  The array is changed instantly every time the block is called, not after
- *  the iteration is over.
+ *  Returns +self+ if any elements removed:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bat']
+ *    a.reject! {|element| element.to_s.start_with?('b') } # => [:foo, 2]
  *
- *  See also Enumerable#reject and Array#delete_if.
+ *  Returns +nil+ if no elements removed.
  *
- *  If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.reject! # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:reject!>
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_reject_bang(VALUE ary)
 {
     RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0, ary_enum_length);
+    rb_ary_modify(ary);
     return ary_reject_bang(ary);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.reject  {|item| block }  -> new_ary
- *     ary.reject                   -> Enumerator
- *
- *  Returns a new array containing the items in +self+ for which the given
- *  block is not +true+.
- *
- *  See also Array#delete_if
- *
- *  If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+ *    array.reject {|element| ... } -> new_array
+ *    array.reject -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array whose elements are all those from +self+
+ *  for which the block returns +false+ or +nil+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bat']
+ *    a1 = a.reject {|element| element.to_s.start_with?('b') }
+ *    a1 # => [:foo, 2]
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *     a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *     a.reject # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:reject>
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -3174,25 +4277,23 @@ rb_ary_reject(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.delete_if { |item| block }  -> ary
- *     ary.delete_if                   -> Enumerator
- *
- *  Deletes every element of +self+ for which block evaluates to +true+.
- *
- *  The array is changed instantly every time the block is called, not after
- *  the iteration is over.
+ *    array.delete_if {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    array.delete_if -> Enumerator
  *
- *  See also Array#reject!
+ *  Removes each element in +self+ for which the block returns a truthy value;
+ *  returns +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bat']
+ *    a.delete_if {|element| element.to_s.start_with?('b') } # => [:foo, 2]
  *
- *  If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- *     scores = [ 97, 42, 75 ]
- *     scores.delete_if {|score| score < 80 }   #=> [97]
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.delete_if # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:delete_if>
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_delete_if(VALUE ary)
 {
+    ary_verify(ary);
     RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0, ary_enum_length);
     ary_reject_bang(ary);
     return ary;
@@ -3202,7 +4303,8 @@ static VALUE
 take_i(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(val, cbarg))
 {
     VALUE *args = (VALUE *)cbarg;
-    if (args[1]-- == 0) rb_iter_break();
+    if (args[1] == 0) rb_iter_break();
+    else args[1]--;
     if (argc > 1) val = rb_ary_new4(argc, argv);
     rb_ary_push(args[0], val);
     return Qnil;
@@ -3226,26 +4328,51 @@ take_items(VALUE obj, long n)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.zip(arg, ...)                  -> new_ary
- *     ary.zip(arg, ...) { |arr| block }  -> nil
- *
- *  Converts any arguments to arrays, then merges elements of +self+ with
- *  corresponding elements from each argument.
- *
- *  This generates a sequence of <code>ary.size</code> _n_-element arrays,
- *  where _n_ is one more than the count of arguments.
- *
- *  If the size of any argument is less than the size of the initial array,
- *  +nil+ values are supplied.
- *
- *  If a block is given, it is invoked for each output +array+, otherwise an
- *  array of arrays is returned.
- *
- *     a = [ 4, 5, 6 ]
- *     b = [ 7, 8, 9 ]
- *     [1, 2, 3].zip(a, b)   #=> [[1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8], [3, 6, 9]]
- *     [1, 2].zip(a, b)      #=> [[1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8]]
- *     a.zip([1, 2], [8])    #=> [[4, 1, 8], [5, 2, nil], [6, nil, nil]]
+ *    array.zip(*other_arrays) -> new_array
+ *    array.zip(*other_arrays) {|other_array| ... } -> nil
+ *
+ *  When no block given, returns a new \Array +new_array+ of size <tt>self.size</tt>
+ *  whose elements are Arrays.
+ *
+ *  Each nested array <tt>new_array[n]</tt> is of size <tt>other_arrays.size+1</tt>,
+ *  and contains:
+ *  - The _nth_ element of +self+.
+ *  - The _nth_ element of each of the +other_arrays+.
+ *
+ *  If all +other_arrays+ and +self+ are the same size:
+ *    a = [:a0, :a1, :a2, :a3]
+ *    b = [:b0, :b1, :b2, :b3]
+ *    c = [:c0, :c1, :c2, :c3]
+ *    d = a.zip(b, c)
+ *    d # => [[:a0, :b0, :c0], [:a1, :b1, :c1], [:a2, :b2, :c2], [:a3, :b3, :c3]]
+ *
+ *  If any array in +other_arrays+ is smaller than +self+,
+ *  fills to <tt>self.size</tt> with +nil+:
+ *    a = [:a0, :a1, :a2, :a3]
+ *    b = [:b0, :b1, :b2]
+ *    c = [:c0, :c1]
+ *    d = a.zip(b, c)
+ *    d # => [[:a0, :b0, :c0], [:a1, :b1, :c1], [:a2, :b2, nil], [:a3, nil, nil]]
+ *
+ *  If any array in +other_arrays+ is larger than +self+,
+ *  its trailing elements are ignored:
+ *    a = [:a0, :a1, :a2, :a3]
+ *    b = [:b0, :b1, :b2, :b3, :b4]
+ *    c = [:c0, :c1, :c2, :c3, :c4, :c5]
+ *    d = a.zip(b, c)
+ *    d # => [[:a0, :b0, :c0], [:a1, :b1, :c1], [:a2, :b2, :c2], [:a3, :b3, :c3]]
+ *
+ *  When a block is given, calls the block with each of the sub-arrays (formed as above); returns nil
+ *    a = [:a0, :a1, :a2, :a3]
+ *    b = [:b0, :b1, :b2, :b3]
+ *    c = [:c0, :c1, :c2, :c3]
+ *    a.zip(b, c) {|sub_array| p sub_array} # => nil
+ *
+ *  Output:
+ *    [:a0, :b0, :c0]
+ *    [:a1, :b1, :c1]
+ *    [:a2, :b2, :c2]
+ *    [:a3, :b3, :c3]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -3308,15 +4435,12 @@ rb_ary_zip(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.transpose -> new_ary
- *
- *  Assumes that +self+ is an array of arrays and transposes the rows and
- *  columns.
+ *    array.transpose -> new_array
  *
- *     a = [[1,2], [3,4], [5,6]]
- *     a.transpose   #=> [[1, 3, 5], [2, 4, 6]]
- *
- *  If the length of the subarrays don't match, an IndexError is raised.
+ *  Transposes the rows and columns in an \Array of Arrays;
+ *  the nested Arrays must all be the same size:
+ *    a = [[:a0, :a1], [:b0, :b1], [:c0, :c1]]
+ *    a.transpose # => [[:a0, :b0, :c0], [:a1, :b1, :c1]]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -3349,15 +4473,11 @@ rb_ary_transpose(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.replace(other_ary)  -> ary
- *     ary.initialize_copy(other_ary)	-> ary
- *
- *  Replaces the contents of +self+ with the contents of +other_ary+,
- *  truncating or expanding if necessary.
+ *    array.replace(other_array) -> self
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
- *     a.replace([ "x", "y", "z" ])   #=> ["x", "y", "z"]
- *     a                              #=> ["x", "y", "z"]
+ *  Replaces the content of +self+ with the content of +other_array+; returns +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.replace(['foo', :bar, 3]) # => ["foo", :bar, 3]
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -3368,104 +4488,245 @@ rb_ary_replace(VALUE copy, VALUE orig)
     if (copy == orig) return copy;
 
     if (RARRAY_LEN(orig) <= RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
-        VALUE shared = 0;
+        VALUE shared_root = 0;
 
         if (ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(copy)) {
-	    RARRAY_PTR_USE(copy, ptr, ruby_sized_xfree(ptr, ARY_HEAP_SIZE(copy)));
+            ary_heap_free(copy);
 	}
         else if (ARY_SHARED_P(copy)) {
-            shared = ARY_SHARED(copy);
+            shared_root = ARY_SHARED_ROOT(copy);
             FL_UNSET_SHARED(copy);
         }
         FL_SET_EMBED(copy);
-	ary_memcpy(copy, 0, RARRAY_LEN(orig), RARRAY_CONST_PTR(orig));
-        if (shared) {
-            rb_ary_decrement_share(shared);
+        ary_memcpy(copy, 0, RARRAY_LEN(orig), RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(orig));
+        if (shared_root) {
+            rb_ary_decrement_share(shared_root);
         }
         ARY_SET_LEN(copy, RARRAY_LEN(orig));
     }
     else {
-        VALUE shared = ary_make_shared(orig);
+        VALUE shared_root = ary_make_shared(orig);
         if (ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(copy)) {
-	    RARRAY_PTR_USE(copy, ptr, ruby_sized_xfree(ptr, ARY_HEAP_SIZE(copy)));
+            ary_heap_free(copy);
         }
         else {
             rb_ary_unshare_safe(copy);
         }
         FL_UNSET_EMBED(copy);
-        ARY_SET_PTR(copy, RARRAY_CONST_PTR(orig));
-        ARY_SET_LEN(copy, RARRAY_LEN(orig));
-        rb_ary_set_shared(copy, shared);
+        ARY_SET_PTR(copy, ARY_HEAP_PTR(orig));
+        ARY_SET_LEN(copy, ARY_HEAP_LEN(orig));
+        rb_ary_set_shared(copy, shared_root);
     }
+    ary_verify(copy);
     return copy;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.clear    -> ary
+ *     array.clear -> self
  *
- *  Removes all elements from +self+.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
- *     a.clear    #=> [ ]
+ *  Removes all elements from +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.clear # => []
  */
 
 VALUE
 rb_ary_clear(VALUE ary)
 {
     rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, 0);
     if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
 	if (!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) {
 	    rb_ary_unshare(ary);
 	    FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
+            ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(ary, 0);
 	}
     }
-    else if (ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE * 2 < ARY_CAPA(ary)) {
-	ary_resize_capa(ary, ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE * 2);
+    else {
+        ARY_SET_LEN(ary, 0);
+        if (ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE * 2 < ARY_CAPA(ary)) {
+            ary_resize_capa(ary, ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE * 2);
+        }
     }
+    ary_verify(ary);
     return ary;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.fill(obj)                                 -> ary
- *     ary.fill(obj, start [, length])               -> ary
- *     ary.fill(obj, range )                         -> ary
- *     ary.fill { |index| block }                    -> ary
- *     ary.fill(start [, length] ) { |index| block } -> ary
- *     ary.fill(range) { |index| block }             -> ary
- *
- *  The first three forms set the selected elements of +self+ (which
- *  may be the entire array) to +obj+.
- *
- *  A +start+ of +nil+ is equivalent to zero.
- *
- *  A +length+ of +nil+ is equivalent to the length of the array.
- *
- *  The last three forms fill the array with the value of the given block,
- *  which is passed the absolute index of each element to be filled.
- *
- *  Negative values of +start+ count from the end of the array, where +-1+ is
- *  the last element.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.fill("x")              #=> ["x", "x", "x", "x"]
- *     a.fill("z", 2, 2)        #=> ["x", "x", "z", "z"]
- *     a.fill("y", 0..1)        #=> ["y", "y", "z", "z"]
- *     a.fill { |i| i*i }       #=> [0, 1, 4, 9]
- *     a.fill(-2) { |i| i*i*i } #=> [0, 1, 8, 27]
+ *    array.fill(obj) -> self
+ *    array.fill(obj, start) -> self
+ *    array.fill(obj, start, length) -> self
+ *    array.fill(obj, range) -> self
+ *    array.fill {|index| ... } -> self
+ *    array.fill(start) {|index| ... } -> self
+ *    array.fill(start, length) {|index| ... } -> self
+ *    array.fill(range) {|index| ... } -> self
+ *
+ *  Replaces specified elements in +self+ with specified objects; returns +self+.
+ *
+ *  With argument +obj+ and no block given, replaces all elements with that one object:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *    a.fill(:X) # => [:X, :X, :X, :X]
+ *
+ *  With arguments +obj+ and \Integer +start+, and no block given,
+ *  replaces elements based on the given start.
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is in range (<tt>0 <= start < array.size</tt>),
+ *  replaces all elements from offset +start+ through the end:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, 2) # => ["a", "b", :X, :X]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is too large (<tt>start >= array.size</tt>), does nothing:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, 4) # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, 5) # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is negative, counts from the end (starting index is <tt>start + array.size</tt>):
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, -2) # => ["a", "b", :X, :X]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is too small (less than and far from zero), replaces all elements:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, -6) # => [:X, :X, :X, :X]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, -50) # => [:X, :X, :X, :X]
+ *
+ *  With arguments +obj+, \Integer +start+, and \Integer +length+, and no block given,
+ *  replaces elements based on the given +start+ and +length+.
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is in range, replaces +length+ elements beginning at offset +start+:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, 1, 1) # => ["a", :X, "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is negative, counts from the end:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, -2, 1) # => ["a", "b", :X, "d"]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is large (<tt>start >= array.size</tt>), extends +self+ with +nil+:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, 5, 0) # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", nil]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, 5, 2) # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", nil, :X, :X]
+ *
+ *  If +length+ is zero or negative, replaces no elements:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, 1, 0) # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *    a.fill(:X, 1, -1) # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  With arguments +obj+ and \Range +range+, and no block given,
+ *  replaces elements based on the given range.
+ *
+ *  If the range is positive and ascending (<tt>0 < range.begin <= range.end</tt>),
+ *  replaces elements from <tt>range.begin</tt> to <tt>range.end</tt>:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, (1..1)) # => ["a", :X, "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.first</tt> is negative, replaces no elements:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, (-1..1)) # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.last</tt> is negative, counts from the end:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, (0..-2)) # => [:X, :X, :X, "d"]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, (1..-2)) # => ["a", :X, :X, "d"]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.last</tt> and <tt>range.last</tt> are both negative,
+ *  both count from the end of the array:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, (-1..-1)) # => ["a", "b", "c", :X]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, (-2..-2)) # => ["a", "b", :X, "d"]
+ *
+ *  With no arguments and a block given, calls the block with each index;
+ *  replaces the corresponding element with the block's return value:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["new_0", "new_1", "new_2", "new_3"]
+ *
+ *  With argument +start+ and a block given, calls the block with each index
+ *  from offset +start+ to the end; replaces the corresponding element
+ *  with the block's return value:
+ *
+ *  If start is in range (<tt>0 <= start < array.size</tt>),
+ *  replaces from offset +start+ to the end:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(1) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "new_1", "new_2", "new_3"]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is too large(<tt>start >= array.size</tt>), does nothing:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(4) { |index| fail 'Cannot happen' } # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(4) { |index| fail 'Cannot happen' } # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is negative, counts from the end:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(-2) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "b", "new_2", "new_3"]
+ *
+ *  If start is too small (<tt>start <= -array.size</tt>, replaces all elements:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(-6) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["new_0", "new_1", "new_2", "new_3"]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(-50) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["new_0", "new_1", "new_2", "new_3"]
+ *
+ *  With arguments +start+ and +length+, and a block given,
+ *  calls the block for each index specified by start length;
+ *  replaces the corresponding element with the block's return value.
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is in range, replaces +length+ elements beginning at offset +start+:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(1, 1) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "new_1", "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If start is negative, counts from the end:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(-2, 1) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "b", "new_2", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is large (<tt>start >= array.size</tt>), extends +self+ with +nil+:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(5, 0) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", nil]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(5, 2) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", nil, "new_5", "new_6"]
+ *
+ *  If +length+ is zero or less, replaces no elements:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(1, 0) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *    a.fill(1, -1) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  With arguments +obj+ and +range+, and a block given,
+ *  calls the block with each index in the given range;
+ *  replaces the corresponding element with the block's return value.
+ *
+ *  If the range is positive and ascending (<tt>range 0 < range.begin <= range.end</tt>,
+ *  replaces elements from <tt>range.begin</tt> to <tt>range.end</tt>:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(1..1) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "new_1", "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If +range.first+ is negative, does nothing:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(-1..1) { |index| fail 'Cannot happen' } # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.last</tt> is negative, counts from the end:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(0..-2) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["new_0", "new_1", "new_2", "d"]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(1..-2) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "new_1", "new_2", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.first</tt> and <tt>range.last</tt> are both negative,
+ *  both count from the end:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(-1..-1) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "b", "c", "new_3"]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(-2..-2) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "b", "new_2", "d"]
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_fill(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE item, arg1, arg2;
+    VALUE item = Qundef, arg1, arg2;
     long beg = 0, end = 0, len = 0;
-    int block_p = FALSE;
 
     if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	block_p = TRUE;
 	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &arg1, &arg2);
 	argc += 1;		/* hackish */
     }
@@ -3507,7 +4768,7 @@ rb_ary_fill(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, end);
     }
 
-    if (block_p) {
+    if (item == Qundef) {
 	VALUE v;
 	long i;
 
@@ -3525,25 +4786,14 @@ rb_ary_fill(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary + other_ary   -> new_ary
- *
- *  Concatenation --- Returns a new array built by concatenating the
- *  two arrays together to produce a third array.
+ *    array + other_array -> new_array
  *
- *     [ 1, 2, 3 ] + [ 4, 5 ]    #=> [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     c = a + [ "d", "e", "f" ]
- *     c                         #=> [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f" ]
- *     a                         #=> [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing all elements of +array+
+ *  followed by all elements of +other_array+:
+ *    a = [0, 1] + [2, 3]
+ *    a # => [0, 1, 2, 3]
  *
- *  Note that
- *     x += y
- *  is the same as
- *     x = x + y
- *  This means that it produces a new array. As a consequence,
- *  repeated use of <code>+=</code> on arrays can be quite inefficient.
- *
- *  See also Array#concat.
+ *  Related: #concat.
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -3558,53 +4808,72 @@ rb_ary_plus(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     len = xlen + ylen;
     z = rb_ary_new2(len);
 
-    ary_memcpy(z, 0, xlen, RARRAY_CONST_PTR(x));
-    ary_memcpy(z, xlen, ylen, RARRAY_CONST_PTR(y));
+    ary_memcpy(z, 0, xlen, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(x));
+    ary_memcpy(z, xlen, ylen, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(y));
     ARY_SET_LEN(z, len);
     return z;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+ary_append(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    long n = RARRAY_LEN(y);
+    if (n > 0) {
+        rb_ary_splice(x, RARRAY_LEN(x), 0, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(y), n);
+    }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(y);
+    return x;
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.concat(other_ary)   -> ary
+ *    array.concat(*other_arrays) -> self
  *
- *  Appends the elements of +other_ary+ to +self+.
- *
- *     [ "a", "b" ].concat( ["c", "d"] ) #=> [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a = [ 1, 2, 3 ]
- *     a.concat( [ 4, 5 ] )
- *     a                                 #=> [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
- *
- *  See also Array#+.
+ *  Adds to +array+ all elements from each \Array in +other_arrays+; returns +self+:
+ *    a = [0, 1]
+ *    a.concat([2, 3], [4, 5]) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
  */
 
-VALUE
-rb_ary_concat(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_concat_multi(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    rb_ary_modify_check(x);
-    y = to_ary(y);
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(y) > 0) {
-	rb_ary_splice(x, RARRAY_LEN(x), 0, y);
+    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+
+    if (argc == 1) {
+	rb_ary_concat(ary, argv[0]);
     }
-    return x;
+    else if (argc > 1) {
+	int i;
+	VALUE args = rb_ary_tmp_new(argc);
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+	    rb_ary_concat(args, argv[i]);
+	}
+	ary_append(ary, args);
+    }
+
+    ary_verify(ary);
+    return ary;
 }
 
+VALUE
+rb_ary_concat(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    return ary_append(x, to_ary(y));
+}
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary * int     -> new_ary
- *     ary * str     -> new_string
- *
- *  Repetition --- With a String argument, equivalent to
- *  <code>ary.join(str)</code>.
- *
- *  Otherwise, returns a new array built by concatenating the +int+ copies of
- *  +self+.
+ *    array * n -> new_array
+ *    array * string_separator -> new_string
  *
+ *  When non-negative argument \Integer +n+ is given,
+ *  returns a new \Array built by concatenating the +n+ copies of +self+:
+ *    a = ['x', 'y']
+ *    a * 3 # => ["x", "y", "x", "y", "x", "y"]
  *
- *     [ 1, 2, 3 ] * 3    #=> [ 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3 ]
- *     [ 1, 2, 3 ] * ","  #=> "1,2,3"
- *
+ *  When \String argument +string_separator+ is given,
+ *  equivalent to <tt>array.join(string_separator)</tt>:
+ *    [0, [0, 1], {foo: 0}] * ', ' # => "0, 0, 1, {:foo=>0}"
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -3621,7 +4890,7 @@ rb_ary_times(VALUE ary, VALUE times)
 
     len = NUM2LONG(times);
     if (len == 0) {
-	ary2 = ary_new(rb_obj_class(ary), 0);
+        ary2 = ary_new(rb_cArray, 0);
 	goto out;
     }
     if (len < 0) {
@@ -3632,45 +4901,37 @@ rb_ary_times(VALUE ary, VALUE times)
     }
     len *= RARRAY_LEN(ary);
 
-    ary2 = ary_new(rb_obj_class(ary), len);
+    ary2 = ary_new(rb_cArray, len);
     ARY_SET_LEN(ary2, len);
 
-    ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary);
+    ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
     t = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     if (0 < t) {
 	ary_memcpy(ary2, 0, t, ptr);
 	while (t <= len/2) {
-	    ary_memcpy(ary2, t, t, RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary2));
+            ary_memcpy(ary2, t, t, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary2));
             t *= 2;
         }
         if (t < len) {
-	    ary_memcpy(ary2, t, len-t, RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary2));
+            ary_memcpy(ary2, t, len-t, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary2));
         }
     }
   out:
-    OBJ_INFECT(ary2, ary);
-
     return ary2;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.assoc(obj)   -> new_ary  or  nil
- *
- *  Searches through an array whose elements are also arrays comparing +obj+
- *  with the first element of each contained array using <code>obj.==</code>.
+ *    array.assoc(obj) -> found_array or nil
  *
- *  Returns the first contained array that matches (that is, the first
- *  associated array), or +nil+ if no match is found.
+ *  Returns the first element in +self+ that is an \Array
+ *  whose first element <tt>==</tt> +obj+:
+ *    a = [{foo: 0}, [2, 4], [4, 5, 6], [4, 5]]
+ *    a.assoc(4) # => [4, 5, 6]
  *
- *  See also Array#rassoc
+ *  Returns +nil+ if no such element is found.
  *
- *     s1 = [ "colors", "red", "blue", "green" ]
- *     s2 = [ "letters", "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     s3 = "foo"
- *     a  = [ s1, s2, s3 ]
- *     a.assoc("letters")  #=> [ "letters", "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.assoc("foo")      #=> nil
+ *  Related: #rassoc.
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -3690,20 +4951,16 @@ rb_ary_assoc(VALUE ary, VALUE key)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.rassoc(obj) -> new_ary or nil
- *
- *  Searches through the array whose elements are also arrays.
- *
- *  Compares +obj+ with the second element of each contained array using
- *  <code>obj.==</code>.
+ *    array.rassoc(obj) -> found_array or nil
  *
- *  Returns the first contained array that matches +obj+.
+ *  Returns the first element in +self+ that is an \Array
+ *  whose second element <tt>==</tt> +obj+:
+ *    a = [{foo: 0}, [2, 4], [4, 5, 6], [4, 5]]
+ *    a.rassoc(4) # => [2, 4]
  *
- *  See also Array#assoc.
+ *  Returns +nil+ if no such element is found.
  *
- *     a = [ [ 1, "one"], [2, "two"], [3, "three"], ["ii", "two"] ]
- *     a.rassoc("two")    #=> [2, "two"]
- *     a.rassoc("four")   #=> nil
+ *  Related: #assoc.
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -3730,6 +4987,7 @@ recursive_equal(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2, int recur)
 
     if (recur) return Qtrue; /* Subtle! */
 
+    /* rb_equal() can evacuate ptrs */
     p1 = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary1);
     p2 = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary2);
     len1 = RARRAY_LEN(ary1);
@@ -3742,8 +5000,8 @@ recursive_equal(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2, int recur)
 		    return Qfalse;
 		if (len1 < i)
 		    return Qtrue;
-		p1 = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary1) + i;
-		p2 = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary2) + i;
+                p1 = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary1) + i;
+                p2 = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary2) + i;
 	    }
 	    else {
 		return Qfalse;
@@ -3757,16 +5015,19 @@ recursive_equal(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2, int recur)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary == other_ary   ->   bool
+ *    array == other_array -> true or false
  *
- *  Equality --- Two arrays are equal if they contain the same number of
- *  elements and if each element is equal to (according to Object#==) the
- *  corresponding element in +other_ary+.
+ *  Returns +true+ if both <tt>array.size == other_array.size</tt>
+ *  and for each index +i+ in +array+, <tt>array[i] == other_array[i]</tt>:
+ *    a0 = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = [:foo, 'bar', 2.0]
+ *    a1 == a0 # => true
+ *    [] == [] # => true
  *
- *     [ "a", "c" ]    == [ "a", "c", 7 ]     #=> false
- *     [ "a", "c", 7 ] == [ "a", "c", 7 ]     #=> true
- *     [ "a", "c", 7 ] == [ "a", "d", "f" ]   #=> false
+ *  Otherwise, returns +false+.
  *
+ *  This method is different from method Array#eql?,
+ *  which compares elements using <tt>Object#eql?</tt>.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -3780,7 +5041,7 @@ rb_ary_equal(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
 	return rb_equal(ary2, ary1);
     }
     if (RARRAY_LEN(ary1) != RARRAY_LEN(ary2)) return Qfalse;
-    if (RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary1) == RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary2)) return Qtrue;
+    if (RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary1) == RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary2)) return Qtrue;
     return rb_exec_recursive_paired(recursive_equal, ary1, ary2, ary2);
 }
 
@@ -3799,10 +5060,18 @@ recursive_eql(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2, int recur)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.eql?(other)  -> true or false
+ *    array.eql? other_array -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns +true+ if +self+ and +other+ are the same object,
- *  or are both arrays with the same content (according to Object#eql?).
+ *  Returns +true+ if +self+ and +other_array+ are the same size,
+ *  and if, for each index +i+ in +self+, <tt>self[i].eql? other_array[i]</tt>:
+ *    a0 = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1.eql?(a0) # => true
+ *
+ *  Otherwise, returns +false+.
+ *
+ *  This method is different from method {Array#==}[#method-i-3D-3D],
+ *  which compares using method <tt>Object#==</tt>.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -3811,20 +5080,19 @@ rb_ary_eql(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
     if (ary1 == ary2) return Qtrue;
     if (!RB_TYPE_P(ary2, T_ARRAY)) return Qfalse;
     if (RARRAY_LEN(ary1) != RARRAY_LEN(ary2)) return Qfalse;
-    if (RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary1) == RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary2)) return Qtrue;
+    if (RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary1) == RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary2)) return Qtrue;
     return rb_exec_recursive_paired(recursive_eql, ary1, ary2, ary2);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.hash   -> fixnum
- *
- *  Compute a hash-code for this array.
+ *    array.hash -> integer
  *
- *  Two arrays with the same content will have the same hash code (and will
- *  compare using #eql?).
+ *  Returns the integer hash value for +self+.
  *
- *  See also Object#hash.
+ *  Two arrays with the same content will have the same hash code (and will compare using eql?):
+ *    [0, 1, 2].hash == [0, 1, 2].hash # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].hash == [0, 1, 3].hash # => false
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -3841,19 +5109,17 @@ rb_ary_hash(VALUE ary)
 	h = rb_hash_uint(h, NUM2LONG(n));
     }
     h = rb_hash_end(h);
-    return LONG2FIX(h);
+    return ST2FIX(h);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.include?(object)   -> true or false
+ *    array.include?(obj) -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns +true+ if the given +object+ is present in +self+ (that is, if any
- *  element <code>==</code> +object+), otherwise returns +false+.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.include?("b")   #=> true
- *     a.include?("z")   #=> false
+ *  Returns +true+ if for some index +i+ in +self+, <tt>obj == self[i]</tt>;
+ *  otherwise +false+:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].include?(2) # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].include?(3) # => false
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -3864,17 +5130,27 @@ rb_ary_includes(VALUE ary, VALUE item)
 
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
 	e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
-	switch (rb_equal_opt(e, item)) {
-	  case Qundef:
-	    if (rb_equal(e, item)) return Qtrue;
-	    break;
-	  case Qtrue:
+	if (rb_equal(e, item)) {
 	    return Qtrue;
 	}
     }
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_includes_by_eql(VALUE ary, VALUE item)
+{
+    long i;
+    VALUE e;
+
+    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+	e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+	if (rb_eql(item, e)) {
+	    return Qtrue;
+	}
+    }
+    return Qfalse;
+}
 
 static VALUE
 recursive_cmp(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2, int recur)
@@ -3898,32 +5174,24 @@ recursive_cmp(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2, int recur)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary <=> other_ary   ->  -1, 0, +1 or nil
- *
- *  Comparison --- Returns an integer (+-1+, +0+, or <code>+1</code>) if this
- *  array is less than, equal to, or greater than +other_ary+.
- *
- *  Each object in each array is compared (using the <=> operator).
+ *    array <=> other_array -> -1, 0, or 1
  *
- *  Arrays are compared in an "element-wise" manner; the first element of +ary+
- *  is compared with the first one of +other_ary+ using the <=> operator, then
- *  each of the second elements, etc...
- *  As soon as the result of any such comparison is non zero (i.e. the two
- *  corresponding elements are not equal), that result is returned for the
- *  whole array comparison.
+ *  Returns -1, 0, or 1 as +self+ is less than, equal to, or greater than +other_array+.
+ *  For each index +i+ in +self+, evaluates <tt>result = self[i] <=> other_array[i]</tt>.
  *
- *  If all the elements are equal, then the result is based on a comparison of
- *  the array lengths. Thus, two arrays are "equal" according to Array#<=> if,
- *  and only if, they have the same length and the value of each element is
- *  equal to the value of the corresponding element in the other array.
+ *  Returns -1 if any result is -1:
+ *    [0, 1, 2] <=> [0, 1, 3] # => -1
  *
- *  +nil+ is returned if the +other_ary+ is not an array or if the comparison
- *  of two elements returned +nil+.
- *
- *     [ "a", "a", "c" ]    <=> [ "a", "b", "c" ]   #=> -1
- *     [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ] <=> [ 1, 2 ]            #=> +1
- *     [ 1, 2 ]             <=> [ 1, :two ]         #=> nil
+ *  Returns 1 if any result is 1:
+ *    [0, 1, 2] <=> [0, 1, 1] # => 1
  *
+ *  When all results are zero:
+ *  - Returns -1 if +array+ is smaller than +other_array+:
+ *      [0, 1, 2] <=> [0, 1, 2, 3] # => -1
+ *  - Returns 1 if +array+ is larger than +other_array+:
+ *      [0, 1, 2] <=> [0, 1] # => 1
+ *  - Returns 0 if +array+ and +other_array+ are the same size:
+ *      [0, 1, 2] <=> [0, 1, 2] # => 0
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -3950,17 +5218,16 @@ ary_add_hash(VALUE hash, VALUE ary)
 
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
 	VALUE elt = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
-	if (rb_hash_lookup2(hash, elt, Qundef) == Qundef) {
-	    rb_hash_aset(hash, elt, elt);
-	}
+	rb_hash_add_new_element(hash, elt, elt);
     }
     return hash;
 }
 
 static inline VALUE
-ary_tmp_hash_new(void)
+ary_tmp_hash_new(VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE hash = rb_hash_new();
+    long size = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    VALUE hash = rb_hash_new_with_size(size);
 
     RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(hash);
     return hash;
@@ -3969,7 +5236,7 @@ ary_tmp_hash_new(void)
 static VALUE
 ary_make_hash(VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE hash = ary_tmp_hash_new();
+    VALUE hash = ary_tmp_hash_new(ary);
     return ary_add_hash(hash, ary);
 }
 
@@ -3980,9 +5247,7 @@ ary_add_hash_by(VALUE hash, VALUE ary)
 
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
 	VALUE v = rb_ary_elt(ary, i), k = rb_yield(v);
-	if (rb_hash_lookup2(hash, k, Qundef) == Qundef) {
-	    rb_hash_aset(hash, k, v);
-	}
+	rb_hash_add_new_element(hash, k, v);
     }
     return hash;
 }
@@ -3990,36 +5255,34 @@ ary_add_hash_by(VALUE hash, VALUE ary)
 static VALUE
 ary_make_hash_by(VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE hash = ary_tmp_hash_new();
+    VALUE hash = ary_tmp_hash_new(ary);
     return ary_add_hash_by(hash, ary);
 }
 
 static inline void
 ary_recycle_hash(VALUE hash)
 {
-    if (RHASH(hash)->ntbl) {
-	st_table *tbl = RHASH(hash)->ntbl;
-	RHASH(hash)->ntbl = 0;
+    assert(RBASIC_CLASS(hash) == 0);
+    if (RHASH_ST_TABLE_P(hash)) {
+        st_table *tbl = RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash);
 	st_free_table(tbl);
+        RHASH_ST_CLEAR(hash);
     }
-    RB_GC_GUARD(hash);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary - other_ary    -> new_ary
- *
- *  Array Difference
- *
- *  Returns a new array that is a copy of the original array, removing any
- *  items that also appear in +other_ary+. The order is preserved from the
- *  original array.
+ *    array - other_array -> new_array
  *
- *  It compares elements using their #hash and #eql? methods for efficiency.
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing only those elements from +array+
+ *  that are not found in \Array +other_array+;
+ *  items are compared using <tt>eql?</tt>;
+ *  the order from +array+ is preserved:
+ *    [0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1] - [1] # => [0, 2, 3]
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3] - [3, 0] # => [1, 2]
+ *    [0, 1, 2] - [4] # => [0, 1, 2]
  *
- *     [ 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5 ] - [ 1, 2, 4 ]  #=>  [ 3, 3, 5 ]
- *
- *  If you need set-like behavior, see the library class Set.
+ *  Related: Array#difference.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4029,11 +5292,21 @@ rb_ary_diff(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
     VALUE hash;
     long i;
 
-    hash = ary_make_hash(to_ary(ary2));
+    ary2 = to_ary(ary2);
     ary3 = rb_ary_new();
 
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary1) <= SMALL_ARRAY_LEN || RARRAY_LEN(ary2) <= SMALL_ARRAY_LEN) {
+	for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary1); i++) {
+	    VALUE elt = rb_ary_elt(ary1, i);
+	    if (rb_ary_includes_by_eql(ary2, elt)) continue;
+	    rb_ary_push(ary3, elt);
+	}
+	return ary3;
+    }
+
+    hash = ary_make_hash(ary2);
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary1); i++) {
-	if (st_lookup(rb_hash_tbl_raw(hash), RARRAY_AREF(ary1, i), 0)) continue;
+        if (rb_hash_stlike_lookup(hash, RARRAY_AREF(ary1, i), NULL)) continue;
 	rb_ary_push(ary3, rb_ary_elt(ary1, i));
     }
     ary_recycle_hash(hash);
@@ -4042,18 +5315,70 @@ rb_ary_diff(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary & other_ary      -> new_ary
+ *    array.difference(*other_arrays) -> new_array
  *
- *  Set Intersection --- Returns a new array containing elements common to the
- *  two arrays, excluding any duplicates. The order is preserved from the
- *  original array.
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing only those elements from +self+
+ *  that are not found in any of the Arrays +other_arrays+;
+ *  items are compared using <tt>eql?</tt>;  order from +self+ is preserved:
+ *    [0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1].difference([1]) # => [0, 2, 3]
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].difference([3, 0], [1, 3]) # => [2]
+ *    [0, 1, 2].difference([4]) # => [0, 1, 2]
  *
- *  It compares elements using their #hash and #eql? methods for efficiency.
+ *  Returns a copy of +self+ if no arguments given.
  *
- *     [ 1, 1, 3, 5 ] & [ 1, 2, 3 ]                 #=> [ 1, 3 ]
- *     [ 'a', 'b', 'b', 'z' ] & [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ]   #=> [ 'a', 'b' ]
+ *  Related: Array#-.
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_difference_multi(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    VALUE ary_diff;
+    long i, length;
+    volatile VALUE t0;
+    bool *is_hash = ALLOCV_N(bool, t0, argc);
+    ary_diff = rb_ary_new();
+    length = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+        argv[i] = to_ary(argv[i]);
+        is_hash[i] = (length > SMALL_ARRAY_LEN && RARRAY_LEN(argv[i]) > SMALL_ARRAY_LEN);
+        if (is_hash[i]) argv[i] = ary_make_hash(argv[i]);
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+        int j;
+        VALUE elt = rb_ary_elt(ary, i);
+        for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
+            if (is_hash[j]) {
+                if (rb_hash_stlike_lookup(argv[j], RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), NULL))
+                    break;
+            }
+            else {
+                if (rb_ary_includes_by_eql(argv[j], elt)) break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (j == argc) rb_ary_push(ary_diff, elt);
+    }
+
+    ALLOCV_END(t0);
+
+    return ary_diff;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array & other_array -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing each element found in both +array+ and \Array +other_array+;
+ *  duplicates are omitted; items are compared using <tt>eql?</tt>:
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3] & [1, 2] # => [1, 2]
+ *    [0, 1, 0, 1] & [0, 1] # => [0, 1]
+ *
+ *  Preserves order from +array+:
+ *    [0, 1, 2] & [3, 2, 1, 0] # => [0, 1, 2]
  *
- *  See also Array#uniq.
+ *  Related: Array#intersection.
  */
 
 
@@ -4061,20 +5386,29 @@ static VALUE
 rb_ary_and(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
 {
     VALUE hash, ary3, v;
-    st_table *table;
     st_data_t vv;
     long i;
 
     ary2 = to_ary(ary2);
     ary3 = rb_ary_new();
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary2) == 0) return ary3;
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary1) == 0 || RARRAY_LEN(ary2) == 0) return ary3;
+
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary1) <= SMALL_ARRAY_LEN && RARRAY_LEN(ary2) <= SMALL_ARRAY_LEN) {
+	for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary1); i++) {
+	    v = RARRAY_AREF(ary1, i);
+	    if (!rb_ary_includes_by_eql(ary2, v)) continue;
+	    if (rb_ary_includes_by_eql(ary3, v)) continue;
+	    rb_ary_push(ary3, v);
+	}
+	return ary3;
+    }
+
     hash = ary_make_hash(ary2);
-    table = rb_hash_tbl_raw(hash);
 
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary1); i++) {
 	v = RARRAY_AREF(ary1, i);
 	vv = (st_data_t)v;
-	if (st_delete(table, &vv, 0)) {
+        if (rb_hash_stlike_delete(hash, &vv, 0)) {
 	    rb_ary_push(ary3, v);
 	}
     }
@@ -4083,6 +5417,37 @@ rb_ary_and(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
     return ary3;
 }
 
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.intersection(*other_arrays) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing each element found both in +self+
+ *  and in all of the given Arrays +other_arrays+;
+ *  duplicates are omitted; items are compared using <tt>eql?</tt>:
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].intersection([0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 3]) # => [0, 1]
+ *    [0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3].intersection([0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 3]) # => [0, 1]
+ *
+ *  Preserves order from +self+:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].intersection([2, 1, 0]) # => [0, 1, 2]
+ *
+ *  Returns a copy of +self+ if no arguments given.
+ *
+ *  Related: Array#&.
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_intersection_multi(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    VALUE result = rb_ary_dup(ary);
+    int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+        result = rb_ary_and(result, argv[i]);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 static int
 ary_hash_orset(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t arg, int existing)
 {
@@ -4091,40 +5456,465 @@ ary_hash_orset(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t arg, int existing)
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
+static void
+rb_ary_union(VALUE ary_union, VALUE ary)
+{
+    long i;
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+        VALUE elt = rb_ary_elt(ary, i);
+        if (rb_ary_includes_by_eql(ary_union, elt)) continue;
+        rb_ary_push(ary_union, elt);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+rb_ary_union_hash(VALUE hash, VALUE ary2)
+{
+    long i;
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary2); i++) {
+        VALUE elt = RARRAY_AREF(ary2, i);
+        if (!rb_hash_stlike_update(hash, (st_data_t)elt, ary_hash_orset, (st_data_t)elt)) {
+            RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(hash, Qundef, elt);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary | other_ary     -> new_ary
- *
- *  Set Union --- Returns a new array by joining +ary+ with +other_ary+,
- *  excluding any duplicates and preserving the order from the original array.
+ *    array | other_array -> new_array
  *
- *  It compares elements using their #hash and #eql? methods for efficiency.
+ *  Returns the union of +array+ and \Array +other_array+;
+ *  duplicates are removed; order is preserved;
+ *  items are compared using <tt>eql?</tt>:
+ *    [0, 1] | [2, 3] # => [0, 1, 2, 3]
+ *    [0, 1, 1] | [2, 2, 3] # => [0, 1, 2, 3]
+ *    [0, 1, 2] | [3, 2, 1, 0] # => [0, 1, 2, 3]
  *
- *     [ "a", "b", "c" ] | [ "c", "d", "a" ]    #=> [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *
- *  See also Array#uniq.
+ *  Related: Array#union.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_or(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
 {
     VALUE hash, ary3;
-    long i;
 
     ary2 = to_ary(ary2);
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary1) + RARRAY_LEN(ary2) <= SMALL_ARRAY_LEN) {
+	ary3 = rb_ary_new();
+        rb_ary_union(ary3, ary1);
+        rb_ary_union(ary3, ary2);
+	return ary3;
+    }
+
     hash = ary_make_hash(ary1);
+    rb_ary_union_hash(hash, ary2);
 
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary2); i++) {
-	VALUE elt = RARRAY_AREF(ary2, i);
-	if (!st_update(RHASH_TBL_RAW(hash), (st_data_t)elt, ary_hash_orset, (st_data_t)elt)) {
-	    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(hash, Qundef, elt);
-	}
-    }
     ary3 = rb_hash_values(hash);
     ary_recycle_hash(hash);
     return ary3;
 }
 
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.union(*other_arrays) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array that is the union of +self+ and all given Arrays +other_arrays+;
+ *  duplicates are removed;  order is preserved;  items are compared using <tt>eql?</tt>:
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].union([4, 5], [6, 7]) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
+ *    [0, 1, 1].union([2, 1], [3, 1]) # => [0, 1, 2, 3]
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].union([3, 2], [1, 0]) # => [0, 1, 2, 3]
+ *
+ *  Returns a copy of +self+ if no arguments given.
+ *
+ *  Related: Array#|.
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_union_multi(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    int i;
+    long sum;
+    VALUE hash, ary_union;
+
+    sum = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+        argv[i] = to_ary(argv[i]);
+        sum += RARRAY_LEN(argv[i]);
+    }
+
+    if (sum <= SMALL_ARRAY_LEN) {
+        ary_union = rb_ary_new();
+
+        rb_ary_union(ary_union, ary);
+        for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) rb_ary_union(ary_union, argv[i]);
+
+        return ary_union;
+    }
+
+    hash = ary_make_hash(ary);
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) rb_ary_union_hash(hash, argv[i]);
+
+    ary_union = rb_hash_values(hash);
+    ary_recycle_hash(hash);
+    return ary_union;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_max_generic(VALUE ary, long i, VALUE vmax)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(i > 0 && i < RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+
+    VALUE v;
+    for (; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+        v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (rb_cmpint(rb_funcallv(vmax, id_cmp, 1, &v), vmax, v) < 0) {
+            vmax = v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return vmax;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_max_opt_fixnum(VALUE ary, long i, VALUE vmax)
+{
+    const long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(i > 0 && i < n);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(FIXNUM_P(vmax));
+
+    VALUE v;
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (FIXNUM_P(v)) {
+            if ((long)vmax < (long)v) {
+                vmax = v;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            return ary_max_generic(ary, i, vmax);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return vmax;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_max_opt_float(VALUE ary, long i, VALUE vmax)
+{
+    const long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(i > 0 && i < n);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(vmax));
+
+    VALUE v;
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(v)) {
+            if (rb_float_cmp(vmax, v) < 0) {
+                vmax = v;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            return ary_max_generic(ary, i, vmax);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return vmax;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_max_opt_string(VALUE ary, long i, VALUE vmax)
+{
+    const long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(i > 0 && i < n);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(STRING_P(vmax));
+
+    VALUE v;
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (STRING_P(v)) {
+            if (rb_str_cmp(vmax, v) < 0) {
+                vmax = v;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            return ary_max_generic(ary, i, vmax);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return vmax;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.max -> element
+ *    array.max {|a, b| ... } -> element
+ *    array.max(n) -> new_array
+ *    array.max(n) {|a, b| ... } -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns one of the following:
+ *  - The maximum-valued element from +self+.
+ *  - A new \Array of maximum-valued elements selected from +self+.
+ *
+ *  When no block is given, each element in +self+ must respond to method <tt><=></tt>
+ *  with an \Integer.
+ *
+ *  With no argument and no block, returns the element in +self+
+ *  having the maximum value per method <tt><=></tt>:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].max # => 2
+ *
+ *  With an argument \Integer +n+ and no block, returns a new \Array with at most +n+ elements,
+ *  in descending order per method <tt><=></tt>:
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].max(3) # => [3, 2, 1]
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].max(6) # => [3, 2, 1]
+ *
+ *  When a block is given, the block must return an \Integer.
+ *
+ *  With a block and no argument, calls the block <tt>self.size-1</tt> times to compare elements;
+ *  returns the element having the maximum value per the block:
+ *    ['0', '00', '000'].max {|a, b| a.size <=> b.size } # => "000"
+ *
+ *  With an argument +n+ and a block, returns a new \Array with at most +n+ elements,
+ *  in descending order per the block:
+ *    ['0', '00', '000'].max(2) {|a, b| a.size <=> b.size } # => ["000", "00"]
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_max(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    struct cmp_opt_data cmp_opt = { 0, 0 };
+    VALUE result = Qundef, v;
+    VALUE num;
+    long i;
+
+    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) && !NIL_P(num = argv[0]))
+       return rb_nmin_run(ary, num, 0, 1, 1);
+
+    const long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+	   v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+	   if (result == Qundef || rb_cmpint(rb_yield_values(2, v, result), v, result) > 0) {
+	       result = v;
+	   }
+	}
+    }
+    else if (n > 0) {
+        result = RARRAY_AREF(ary, 0);
+        if (n > 1) {
+            if (FIXNUM_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(cmp_opt, Integer)) {
+                return ary_max_opt_fixnum(ary, 1, result);
+            }
+            else if (STRING_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(cmp_opt, String)) {
+                return ary_max_opt_string(ary, 1, result);
+            }
+            else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(cmp_opt, Float)) {
+                return ary_max_opt_float(ary, 1, result);
+            }
+            else {
+                return ary_max_generic(ary, 1, result);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (result == Qundef) return Qnil;
+    return result;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_min_generic(VALUE ary, long i, VALUE vmin)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(i > 0 && i < RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+
+    VALUE v;
+    for (; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+        v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (rb_cmpint(rb_funcallv(vmin, id_cmp, 1, &v), vmin, v) > 0) {
+            vmin = v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return vmin;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_min_opt_fixnum(VALUE ary, long i, VALUE vmin)
+{
+    const long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(i > 0 && i < n);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(FIXNUM_P(vmin));
+
+    VALUE a;
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        a = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (FIXNUM_P(a)) {
+            if ((long)vmin > (long)a) {
+                vmin = a;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            return ary_min_generic(ary, i, vmin);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return vmin;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_min_opt_float(VALUE ary, long i, VALUE vmin)
+{
+    const long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(i > 0 && i < n);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(vmin));
+
+    VALUE a;
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        a = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(a)) {
+            if (rb_float_cmp(vmin, a) > 0) {
+                vmin = a;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            return ary_min_generic(ary, i, vmin);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return vmin;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_min_opt_string(VALUE ary, long i, VALUE vmin)
+{
+    const long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(i > 0 && i < n);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(STRING_P(vmin));
+
+    VALUE a;
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        a = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (STRING_P(a)) {
+            if (rb_str_cmp(vmin, a) > 0) {
+                vmin = a;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            return ary_min_generic(ary, i, vmin);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return vmin;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.min -> element
+ *    array.min { |a, b| ... } -> element
+ *    array.min(n) -> new_array
+ *    array.min(n) { |a, b| ... } -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns one of the following:
+ *  - The minimum-valued element from +self+.
+ *  - A new \Array of minimum-valued elements selected from +self+.
+ *
+ *  When no block is given, each element in +self+ must respond to method <tt><=></tt>
+ *  with an \Integer.
+ *
+ *  With no argument and no block, returns the element in +self+
+ *  having the minimum value per method <tt><=></tt>:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].min # => 0
+ *
+ *  With \Integer argument +n+ and no block, returns a new \Array with at most +n+ elements,
+ *  in ascending order per method <tt><=></tt>:
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].min(3) # => [0, 1, 2]
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].min(6) # => [0, 1, 2, 3]
+ *
+ *  When a block is given, the block must return an Integer.
+ *
+ *  With a block and no argument, calls the block <tt>self.size-1</tt> times to compare elements;
+ *  returns the element having the minimum value per the block:
+ *    ['0', '00', '000'].min { |a, b| a.size <=> b.size } # => "0"
+ *
+ *  With an argument +n+ and a block, returns a new \Array with at most +n+ elements,
+ *  in ascending order per the block:
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].min(3) # => [0, 1, 2]
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].min(6) # => [0, 1, 2, 3]
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_min(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    struct cmp_opt_data cmp_opt = { 0, 0 };
+    VALUE result = Qundef, v;
+    VALUE num;
+    long i;
+
+    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) && !NIL_P(num = argv[0]))
+       return rb_nmin_run(ary, num, 0, 0, 1);
+
+    const long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+	   v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+	   if (result == Qundef || rb_cmpint(rb_yield_values(2, v, result), v, result) < 0) {
+	       result = v;
+	   }
+	}
+    }
+    else if (n > 0) {
+        result = RARRAY_AREF(ary, 0);
+        if (n > 1) {
+            if (FIXNUM_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(cmp_opt, Integer)) {
+                return ary_min_opt_fixnum(ary, 1, result);
+            }
+            else if (STRING_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(cmp_opt, String)) {
+                return ary_min_opt_string(ary, 1, result);
+            }
+            else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(cmp_opt, Float)) {
+                return ary_min_opt_float(ary, 1, result);
+            }
+            else {
+                return ary_min_generic(ary, 1, result);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (result == Qundef) return Qnil;
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.minmax -> [min_val, max_val]
+ *    array.minmax {|a, b| ... } -> [min_val, max_val]
+ *
+ *  Returns a new 2-element \Array containing the minimum and maximum values
+ *  from +self+, either per method <tt><=></tt> or per a given block:.
+ *
+ *  When no block is given, each element in +self+ must respond to method <tt><=></tt>
+ *  with an \Integer;
+ *  returns a new 2-element \Array containing the minimum and maximum values
+ *  from +self+, per method <tt><=></tt>:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].minmax # => [0, 2]
+ *
+ *  When a block is given, the block must return an \Integer;
+ *  the block is called <tt>self.size-1</tt> times to compare elements;
+ *  returns a new 2-element \Array containing the minimum and maximum values
+ *  from +self+, per the block:
+ *    ['0', '00', '000'].minmax {|a, b| a.size <=> b.size } # => ["0", "000"]
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_minmax(VALUE ary)
+{
+    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+        return rb_call_super(0, NULL);
+    }
+    return rb_assoc_new(rb_ary_min(0, 0, ary), rb_ary_max(0, 0, ary));
+}
+
 static int
 push_value(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t ary)
 {
@@ -4134,29 +5924,31 @@ push_value(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.uniq!                -> ary or nil
- *     ary.uniq! { |item| ... } -> ary or nil
+ *    array.uniq! -> self or nil
+ *    array.uniq! {|element| ... } -> self or nil
  *
- *  Removes duplicate elements from +self+.
+ *  Removes duplicate elements from +self+, the first occurrence always being retained;
+ *  returns +self+ if any elements removed, +nil+ otherwise.
  *
- *  If a block is given, it will use the return value of the block for
- *  comparison.
+ *  With no block given, identifies and removes elements using method <tt>eql?</tt>
+ *  to compare.
  *
- *  It compares values using their #hash and #eql? methods for efficiency.
+ *  Returns +self+ if any elements removed:
+ *    a = [0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]
+ *    a.uniq! # => [0, 1, 2]
  *
- *  Returns +nil+ if no changes are made (that is, no duplicates are found).
+ *  Returns +nil+ if no elements removed.
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "a", "b", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.uniq!   # => ["a", "b", "c"]
+ *  With a block given, calls the block for each element;
+ *  identifies (using method <tt>eql?</tt>) and removes
+ *  elements for which the block returns duplicate values.
  *
- *     b = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     b.uniq!   # => nil
- *
- *     c = [["student","sam"], ["student","george"], ["teacher","matz"]]
- *     c.uniq! { |s| s.first } # => [["student", "sam"], ["teacher", "matz"]]
+ *  Returns +self+ if any elements removed:
+ *    a = ['a', 'aa', 'aaa', 'b', 'bb', 'bbb']
+ *    a.uniq! {|element| element.size } # => ['a', 'aa', 'aaa']
  *
+ *  Returns +nil+ if no elements removed.
  */
-
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_uniq_bang(VALUE ary)
 {
@@ -4182,7 +5974,7 @@ rb_ary_uniq_bang(VALUE ary)
 	FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
     }
     ary_resize_capa(ary, hash_size);
-    st_foreach(rb_hash_tbl_raw(hash), push_value, ary);
+    rb_hash_foreach(hash, push_value, ary);
     ary_recycle_hash(hash);
 
     return ary;
@@ -4190,21 +5982,22 @@ rb_ary_uniq_bang(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.uniq                -> new_ary
- *     ary.uniq { |item| ... } -> new_ary
- *
- *  Returns a new array by removing duplicate values in +self+.
- *
- *  If a block is given, it will use the return value of the block for comparison.
- *
- *  It compares values using their #hash and #eql? methods for efficiency.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "a", "b", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.uniq   # => ["a", "b", "c"]
- *
- *     b = [["student","sam"], ["student","george"], ["teacher","matz"]]
- *     b.uniq { |s| s.first } # => [["student", "sam"], ["teacher", "matz"]]
- *
+ *    array.uniq -> new_array
+ *    array.uniq {|element| ... } -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing those elements from +self+ that are not duplicates,
+ *  the first occurrence always being retained.
+ *
+ *  With no block given, identifies and omits duplicates using method <tt>eql?</tt>
+ *  to compare.
+ *    a = [0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]
+ *    a.uniq # => [0, 1, 2]
+ *
+ *  With a block given, calls the block for each element;
+ *  identifies (using method <tt>eql?</tt>) and omits duplicate values,
+ *  that is, those elements for which the block returns the same value:
+ *    a = ['a', 'aa', 'aaa', 'b', 'bb', 'bbb']
+ *    a.uniq {|element| element.size } # => ["a", "aa", "aaa"]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4212,9 +6005,11 @@ rb_ary_uniq(VALUE ary)
 {
     VALUE hash, uniq;
 
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) <= 1)
-        return rb_ary_dup(ary);
-    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) <= 1) {
+        hash = 0;
+        uniq = rb_ary_dup(ary);
+    }
+    else if (rb_block_given_p()) {
 	hash = ary_make_hash_by(ary);
 	uniq = rb_hash_values(hash);
     }
@@ -4222,22 +6017,20 @@ rb_ary_uniq(VALUE ary)
 	hash = ary_make_hash(ary);
 	uniq = rb_hash_values(hash);
     }
-    RBASIC_SET_CLASS(uniq, rb_obj_class(ary));
-    ary_recycle_hash(hash);
+    if (hash) {
+        ary_recycle_hash(hash);
+    }
 
     return uniq;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.compact!    -> ary  or  nil
- *
- *  Removes +nil+ elements from the array.
+ *    array.compact! -> self or nil
  *
- *  Returns +nil+ if no changes were made, otherwise returns the array.
+ *  Removes all +nil+ elements from +self+.
  *
- *     [ "a", nil, "b", nil, "c" ].compact! #=> [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     [ "a", "b", "c" ].compact!           #=> nil
+ *  Returns +self+ if any elements removed, otherwise +nil+.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4247,14 +6040,14 @@ rb_ary_compact_bang(VALUE ary)
     long n;
 
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    p = t = (VALUE *)RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary); /* WB: no new reference */
+    p = t = (VALUE *)RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary); /* WB: no new reference */
     end = p + RARRAY_LEN(ary);
 
     while (t < end) {
 	if (NIL_P(*t)) t++;
 	else *p++ = *t++;
     }
-    n = p - RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary);
+    n = p - RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
     if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == n) {
 	return Qnil;
     }
@@ -4265,12 +6058,11 @@ rb_ary_compact_bang(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.compact     -> new_ary
+ *    array.compact -> new_array
  *
- *  Returns a copy of +self+ with all +nil+ elements removed.
- *
- *     [ "a", nil, "b", nil, "c", nil ].compact
- *                       #=> [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing all non-+nil+ elements from +self+:
+ *    a = [nil, 0, nil, 1, nil, 2, nil]
+ *    a.compact # => [0, 1, 2]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4283,23 +6075,26 @@ rb_ary_compact(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.count                   -> int
- *     ary.count(obj)              -> int
- *     ary.count { |item| block }  -> int
+ *    array.count -> an_integer
+ *    array.count(obj) -> an_integer
+ *    array.count {|element| ... } -> an_integer
  *
- *  Returns the number of elements.
+ *  Returns a count of specified elements.
  *
- *  If an argument is given, counts the number of elements which equal +obj+
- *  using <code>==</code>.
+ *  With no argument and no block, returns the count of all elements:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].count # => 3
+ *    [].count # => 0
  *
- *  If a block is given, counts the number of elements for which the block
- *  returns a true value.
+ *  With argument +obj+, returns the count of elements <tt>eql?</tt> to +obj+:
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 0].count(0) # => 2
+ *    [0, 1, 2].count(3) # => 0
  *
- *     ary = [1, 2, 4, 2]
- *     ary.count                  #=> 4
- *     ary.count(2)               #=> 2
- *     ary.count { |x| x%2 == 0 } #=> 3
+ *  With no argument and a block given, calls the block with each element;
+ *  returns the count of elements for which the block returns a truthy value:
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].count {|element| element > 1} # => 2
  *
+ *  With argument +obj+ and a block given, issues a warning, ignores the block,
+ *  and returns the count of elements <tt>eql?</tt> to +obj+:
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4307,7 +6102,7 @@ rb_ary_count(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
     long i, n = 0;
 
-    if (argc == 0) {
+    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) == 0) {
 	VALUE v;
 
 	if (!rb_block_given_p())
@@ -4319,9 +6114,8 @@ rb_ary_count(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 	}
     }
     else {
-	VALUE obj;
+        VALUE obj = argv[0];
 
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1", &obj);
 	if (rb_block_given_p()) {
 	    rb_warn("given block not used");
 	}
@@ -4334,37 +6128,71 @@ rb_ary_count(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-flatten(VALUE ary, int level, int *modified)
+flatten(VALUE ary, int level)
 {
-    long i = 0;
-    VALUE stack, result, tmp, elt;
-    st_table *memo;
+    long i;
+    VALUE stack, result, tmp = 0, elt, vmemo;
+    st_table *memo = 0;
     st_data_t id;
 
-    stack = ary_new(0, ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE);
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+        elt = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+        tmp = rb_check_array_type(elt);
+        if (!NIL_P(tmp)) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (i == RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
+        return ary;
+    }
+
     result = ary_new(0, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-    memo = st_init_numtable();
-    st_insert(memo, (st_data_t)ary, (st_data_t)Qtrue);
-    *modified = 0;
+    ary_memcpy(result, 0, i, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary));
+    ARY_SET_LEN(result, i);
+
+    stack = ary_new(0, ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE);
+    rb_ary_push(stack, ary);
+    rb_ary_push(stack, LONG2NUM(i + 1));
+
+    if (level < 0) {
+	vmemo = rb_hash_new();
+	RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(vmemo);
+	memo = st_init_numtable();
+	rb_hash_st_table_set(vmemo, memo);
+	st_insert(memo, (st_data_t)ary, (st_data_t)Qtrue);
+	st_insert(memo, (st_data_t)tmp, (st_data_t)Qtrue);
+    }
+
+    ary = tmp;
+    i = 0;
 
     while (1) {
 	while (i < RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
 	    elt = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i++);
+	    if (level >= 0 && RARRAY_LEN(stack) / 2 >= level) {
+		rb_ary_push(result, elt);
+		continue;
+	    }
 	    tmp = rb_check_array_type(elt);
 	    if (RBASIC(result)->klass) {
+		if (memo) {
+		    RB_GC_GUARD(vmemo);
+		    st_clear(memo);
+		}
 		rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "flatten reentered");
 	    }
-	    if (NIL_P(tmp) || (level >= 0 && RARRAY_LEN(stack) / 2 >= level)) {
+	    if (NIL_P(tmp)) {
 		rb_ary_push(result, elt);
 	    }
 	    else {
-		*modified = 1;
-		id = (st_data_t)tmp;
-		if (st_lookup(memo, id, 0)) {
-		    st_free_table(memo);
-		    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "tried to flatten recursive array");
+		if (memo) {
+		    id = (st_data_t)tmp;
+		    if (st_is_member(memo, id)) {
+			st_clear(memo);
+			rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "tried to flatten recursive array");
+		    }
+		    st_insert(memo, id, (st_data_t)Qtrue);
 		}
-		st_insert(memo, id, (st_data_t)Qtrue);
 		rb_ary_push(stack, ary);
 		rb_ary_push(stack, LONG2NUM(i));
 		ary = tmp;
@@ -4374,37 +6202,49 @@ flatten(VALUE ary, int level, int *modified)
 	if (RARRAY_LEN(stack) == 0) {
 	    break;
 	}
-	id = (st_data_t)ary;
-	st_delete(memo, &id, 0);
+	if (memo) {
+	    id = (st_data_t)ary;
+	    st_delete(memo, &id, 0);
+	}
 	tmp = rb_ary_pop(stack);
 	i = NUM2LONG(tmp);
 	ary = rb_ary_pop(stack);
     }
 
-    st_free_table(memo);
+    if (memo) {
+	st_clear(memo);
+    }
 
-    RBASIC_SET_CLASS(result, rb_obj_class(ary));
+    RBASIC_SET_CLASS(result, rb_cArray);
     return result;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.flatten!        -> ary or nil
- *     ary.flatten!(level) -> ary or nil
- *
- *  Flattens +self+ in place.
- *
- *  Returns +nil+ if no modifications were made (i.e., the array contains no
- *  subarrays.)
- *
- *  The optional +level+ argument determines the level of recursion to flatten.
- *
- *     a = [ 1, 2, [3, [4, 5] ] ]
- *     a.flatten!   #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- *     a.flatten!   #=> nil
- *     a            #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- *     a = [ 1, 2, [3, [4, 5] ] ]
- *     a.flatten!(1) #=> [1, 2, 3, [4, 5]]
+ *    array.flatten! -> self or nil
+ *    array.flatten!(level) -> self or nil
+ *
+ *  Replaces each nested \Array in +self+ with the elements from that \Array;
+ *  returns +self+ if any changes, +nil+ otherwise.
+ *
+ *  With non-negative \Integer argument +level+, flattens recursively through +level+ levels:
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten!(1) # => [0, 1, [2, 3], 4, 5]
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten!(2) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten!(3) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    [0, 1, 2].flatten!(1) # => nil
+ *
+ *  With no argument, a +nil+ argument, or with negative argument +level+, flattens all levels:
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten! # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    [0, 1, 2].flatten! # => nil
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten!(-1) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten!(-2) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    [0, 1, 2].flatten!(-1) # => nil
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4413,14 +6253,13 @@ rb_ary_flatten_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     int mod = 0, level = -1;
     VALUE result, lv;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &lv);
+    lv = (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) ? argv[0] : Qnil);
     rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
     if (!NIL_P(lv)) level = NUM2INT(lv);
     if (level == 0) return Qnil;
 
-    result = flatten(ary, level, &mod);
-    if (mod == 0) {
-	ary_discard(result);
+    result = flatten(ary, level);
+    if (result == ary) {
 	return Qnil;
     }
     if (!(mod = ARY_EMBED_P(result))) rb_obj_freeze(result);
@@ -4432,89 +6271,68 @@ rb_ary_flatten_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.flatten -> new_ary
- *     ary.flatten(level) -> new_ary
- *
- *  Returns a new array that is a one-dimensional flattening of +self+
- *  (recursively).
- *
- *  That is, for every element that is an array, extract its elements into
- *  the new array.
- *
- *  The optional +level+ argument determines the level of recursion to
- *  flatten.
- *
- *     s = [ 1, 2, 3 ]           #=> [1, 2, 3]
- *     t = [ 4, 5, 6, [7, 8] ]   #=> [4, 5, 6, [7, 8]]
- *     a = [ s, t, 9, 10 ]       #=> [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, [7, 8]], 9, 10]
- *     a.flatten                 #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
- *     a = [ 1, 2, [3, [4, 5] ] ]
- *     a.flatten(1)              #=> [1, 2, 3, [4, 5]]
+ *    array.flatten -> new_array
+ *    array.flatten(level) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array that is a recursive flattening of +self+:
+ *  - Each non-Array element is unchanged.
+ *  - Each \Array is replaced by its individual elements.
+ *
+ *  With non-negative \Integer argument +level+, flattens recursively through +level+ levels:
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten(0) # => [0, [1, [2, 3], 4], 5]
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten(1) # => [0, 1, [2, 3], 4, 5]
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten(2) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten(3) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *
+ *  With no argument, a +nil+ argument, or with negative argument +level+, flattens all levels:
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    [0, 1, 2].flatten # => [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten(-1) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten(-2) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    [0, 1, 2].flatten(-1) # => [0, 1, 2]
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_flatten(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    int mod = 0, level = -1;
-    VALUE result, lv;
+    int level = -1;
+    VALUE result;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &lv);
-    if (!NIL_P(lv)) level = NUM2INT(lv);
-    if (level == 0) return ary_make_shared_copy(ary);
+    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) && !NIL_P(argv[0])) {
+        level = NUM2INT(argv[0]);
+        if (level == 0) return ary_make_shared_copy(ary);
+    }
 
-    result = flatten(ary, level, &mod);
-    OBJ_INFECT(result, ary);
+    result = flatten(ary, level);
+    if (result == ary) {
+        result = ary_make_shared_copy(ary);
+    }
 
     return result;
 }
 
-#define OPTHASH_GIVEN_P(opts) \
-    (argc > 0 && !NIL_P((opts) = rb_check_hash_type(argv[argc-1])) && (--argc, 1))
-static ID id_random;
-
 #define RAND_UPTO(max) (long)rb_random_ulong_limited((randgen), (max)-1)
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.shuffle!              -> ary
- *     ary.shuffle!(random: rng) -> ary
- *
- *  Shuffles elements in +self+ in place.
- *
- *     a = [ 1, 2, 3 ]           #=> [1, 2, 3]
- *     a.shuffle!                #=> [2, 3, 1]
- *     a                         #=> [2, 3, 1]
- *
- *  The optional +rng+ argument will be used as the random number generator.
- *
- *     a.shuffle!(random: Random.new(1))  #=> [1, 3, 2]
- */
-
 static VALUE
-rb_ary_shuffle_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+rb_ary_shuffle_bang(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE ary, VALUE randgen)
 {
-    VALUE opts, randgen = rb_cRandom;
     long i, len;
 
-    if (OPTHASH_GIVEN_P(opts)) {
-	VALUE rnd;
-	ID keyword_ids[1];
-
-	keyword_ids[0] = id_random;
-	rb_get_kwargs(opts, keyword_ids, 0, 1, &rnd);
-	if (rnd != Qundef) {
-	    randgen = rnd;
-	}
-    }
-    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 0);
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
     i = len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     RARRAY_PTR_USE(ary, ptr, {
 	while (i) {
 	    long j = RAND_UPTO(i);
 	    VALUE tmp;
-	    if (len != RARRAY_LEN(ary) || ptr != RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary)) {
-		rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "modified during shuffle");
+            if (len != RARRAY_LEN(ary) || ptr != RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary)) {
+                rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "modified during shuffle");
 	    }
 	    tmp = ptr[--i];
 	    ptr[i] = ptr[j];
@@ -4524,76 +6342,24 @@ rb_ary_shuffle_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     return ary;
 }
 
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.shuffle              -> new_ary
- *     ary.shuffle(random: rng) -> new_ary
- *
- *  Returns a new array with elements of +self+ shuffled.
- *
- *     a = [ 1, 2, 3 ]           #=> [1, 2, 3]
- *     a.shuffle                 #=> [2, 3, 1]
- *     a                         #=> [1, 2, 3]
- *
- *  The optional +rng+ argument will be used as the random number generator.
- *
- *     a.shuffle(random: Random.new(1))  #=> [1, 3, 2]
- */
-
 static VALUE
-rb_ary_shuffle(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+rb_ary_shuffle(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE ary, VALUE randgen)
 {
     ary = rb_ary_dup(ary);
-    rb_ary_shuffle_bang(argc, argv, ary);
+    rb_ary_shuffle_bang(ec, ary, randgen);
     return ary;
 }
 
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.sample                  -> obj
- *     ary.sample(random: rng)     -> obj
- *     ary.sample(n)               -> new_ary
- *     ary.sample(n, random: rng)  -> new_ary
- *
- *  Choose a random element or +n+ random elements from the array.
- *
- *  The elements are chosen by using random and unique indices into the array
- *  in order to ensure that an element doesn't repeat itself unless the array
- *  already contained duplicate elements.
- *
- *  If the array is empty the first form returns +nil+ and the second form
- *  returns an empty array.
- *
- *  The optional +rng+ argument will be used as the random number generator.
- *
- *     a = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]
- *     a.sample         #=> 7
- *     a.sample(4)      #=> [6, 4, 2, 5]
- */
-
-
 static VALUE
-rb_ary_sample(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+rb_ary_sample(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE ary, VALUE randgen, VALUE nv, VALUE to_array)
 {
-    VALUE nv, result;
-    VALUE opts, randgen = rb_cRandom;
+    VALUE result;
     long n, len, i, j, k, idx[10];
     long rnds[numberof(idx)];
+    long memo_threshold;
 
-    if (OPTHASH_GIVEN_P(opts)) {
-	VALUE rnd;
-	ID keyword_ids[1];
-
-	keyword_ids[0] = id_random;
-	rb_get_kwargs(opts, keyword_ids, 0, 1, &rnd);
-	if (rnd != Qundef) {
-	    randgen = rnd;
-	}
-    }
     len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    if (argc == 0) {
+    if (!to_array) {
 	if (len < 2)
 	    i = 0;
 	else
@@ -4601,7 +6367,6 @@ rb_ary_sample(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 
 	return rb_ary_elt(ary, i);
     }
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1", &nv);
     n = NUM2LONG(nv);
     if (n < 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative sample number");
     if (n > len) n = len;
@@ -4623,7 +6388,7 @@ rb_ary_sample(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 	return rb_ary_new_capa(0);
       case 1:
 	i = rnds[0];
-	return rb_ary_new_from_values(1, &RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
+	return rb_ary_new_from_args(1, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
       case 2:
 	i = rnds[0];
 	j = rnds[1];
@@ -4640,6 +6405,11 @@ rb_ary_sample(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 	}
 	return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), RARRAY_AREF(ary, j), RARRAY_AREF(ary, k));
     }
+    memo_threshold =
+	len < 2560 ? len / 128 :
+	len < 5120 ? len / 64 :
+	len < 10240 ? len / 32 :
+	len / 16;
     if (n <= numberof(idx)) {
 	long sorted[numberof(idx)];
 	sorted[0] = idx[0] = rnds[0];
@@ -4653,12 +6423,44 @@ rb_ary_sample(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 	    sorted[j] = idx[i] = k;
 	}
 	result = rb_ary_new_capa(n);
-	RARRAY_PTR_USE(result, ptr_result, {
+        RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(result, ptr_result, {
 	    for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
 		ptr_result[i] = RARRAY_AREF(ary, idx[i]);
 	    }
 	});
     }
+    else if (n <= memo_threshold / 2) {
+	long max_idx = 0;
+#undef RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING
+#define RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING 0
+	VALUE vmemo = Data_Wrap_Struct(0, 0, st_free_table, 0);
+	st_table *memo = st_init_numtable_with_size(n);
+	DATA_PTR(vmemo) = memo;
+	result = rb_ary_new_capa(n);
+	RARRAY_PTR_USE(result, ptr_result, {
+	    for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
+		long r = RAND_UPTO(len-i) + i;
+		ptr_result[i] = r;
+		if (r > max_idx) max_idx = r;
+	    }
+	    len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+	    if (len <= max_idx) n = 0;
+	    else if (n > len) n = len;
+            RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr_ary, {
+		for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
+		    long j2 = j = ptr_result[i];
+		    long i2 = i;
+		    st_data_t value;
+		    if (st_lookup(memo, (st_data_t)i, &value)) i2 = (long)value;
+		    if (st_lookup(memo, (st_data_t)j, &value)) j2 = (long)value;
+		    st_insert(memo, (st_data_t)j, (st_data_t)i2);
+		    ptr_result[i] = ptr_ary[j2];
+		}
+	    });
+	});
+	DATA_PTR(vmemo) = 0;
+	st_free_table(memo);
+    }
     else {
 	result = rb_ary_dup(ary);
 	RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(result);
@@ -4687,47 +6489,55 @@ rb_ary_cycle_size(VALUE self, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
 	n = RARRAY_AREF(args, 0);
     }
     if (RARRAY_LEN(self) == 0) return INT2FIX(0);
-    if (n == Qnil) return DBL2NUM(INFINITY);
+    if (n == Qnil) return DBL2NUM(HUGE_VAL);
     mul = NUM2LONG(n);
     if (mul <= 0) return INT2FIX(0);
     n = LONG2FIX(mul);
-    return rb_funcallv(rb_ary_length(self), '*', 1, &n);
+    return rb_fix_mul_fix(rb_ary_length(self), n);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.cycle(n=nil) { |obj| block }  -> nil
- *     ary.cycle(n=nil)                  -> Enumerator
- *
- *  Calls the given block for each element +n+ times or forever if +nil+ is
- *  given.
- *
- *  Does nothing if a non-positive number is given or the array is empty.
- *
- *  Returns +nil+ if the loop has finished without getting interrupted.
- *
- *  If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- *     a = ["a", "b", "c"]
- *     a.cycle { |x| puts x }     # print, a, b, c, a, b, c,.. forever.
- *     a.cycle(2) { |x| puts x }  # print, a, b, c, a, b, c.
- *
+ *    array.cycle {|element| ... } -> nil
+ *    array.cycle(count) {|element| ... } -> nil
+ *    array.cycle -> new_enumerator
+ *    array.cycle(count) -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  When called with positive \Integer argument +count+ and a block,
+ *  calls the block with each element, then does so again,
+ *  until it has done so +count+ times; returns +nil+:
+ *    output = []
+ *    [0, 1].cycle(2) {|element| output.push(element) } # => nil
+ *    output # => [0, 1, 0, 1]
+ *
+ *  If +count+ is zero or negative, does not call the block:
+ *    [0, 1].cycle(0) {|element| fail 'Cannot happen' } # => nil
+ *    [0, 1].cycle(-1) {|element| fail 'Cannot happen' } # => nil
+ *
+ *  When a block is given, and argument is omitted or +nil+, cycles forever:
+ *    # Prints 0 and 1 forever.
+ *    [0, 1].cycle {|element| puts element }
+ *    [0, 1].cycle(nil) {|element| puts element }
+ *
+ *  When no block is given, returns a new \Enumerator:
+ *
+ *    [0, 1].cycle(2) # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1]:cycle(2)>
+ *    [0, 1].cycle # => # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1]:cycle>
+ *    [0, 1].cycle.first(5) # => [0, 1, 0, 1, 0]
  */
-
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_cycle(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
     long n, i;
-    VALUE nv = Qnil;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &nv);
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
 
     RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, argc, argv, rb_ary_cycle_size);
-    if (NIL_P(nv)) {
+    if (argc == 0 || NIL_P(argv[0])) {
         n = -1;
     }
     else {
-        n = NUM2LONG(nv);
+        n = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
         if (n <= 0) return Qnil;
     }
 
@@ -4739,8 +6549,6 @@ rb_ary_cycle(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-#define tmpbuf(n, size) rb_str_tmp_new((n)*(size))
-#define tmpbuf_discard(s) (rb_str_resize((s), 0L), RBASIC_SET_CLASS_RAW(s, rb_cString))
 #define tmpary(n) rb_ary_tmp_new(n)
 #define tmpary_discard(a) (ary_discard(a), RBASIC_SET_CLASS_RAW(a, rb_cArray))
 
@@ -4753,11 +6561,9 @@ static int
 yield_indexed_values(const VALUE values, const long r, const long *const p)
 {
     const VALUE result = rb_ary_new2(r);
-    VALUE *const result_array = RARRAY_PTR(result);
-    const VALUE *const values_array = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(values);
     long i;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < r; i++) result_array[i] = values_array[p[i]];
+    for (i = 0; i < r; i++) ARY_SET(result, i, RARRAY_AREF(values, p[i]));
     ARY_SET_LEN(result, r);
     rb_yield(result);
     return !RBASIC(values)->klass;
@@ -4766,8 +6572,8 @@ yield_indexed_values(const VALUE values, const long r, const long *const p)
 /*
  * Compute permutations of +r+ elements of the set <code>[0..n-1]</code>.
  *
- * When we have a complete permutation of array indexes, copy the values
- * at those indexes into a new array and yield that array.
+ * When we have a complete permutation of array indices, copy the values
+ * at those indices into a new array and yield that array.
  *
  * n: the size of the set
  * r: the number of elements in each permutation
@@ -4812,15 +6618,21 @@ permute0(const long n, const long r, long *const p, char *const used, const VALU
 
 /*
  * Returns the product of from, from-1, ..., from - how_many + 1.
- * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pochhammer_symbol
+ * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pochhammer_symbol
  */
 static VALUE
 descending_factorial(long from, long how_many)
 {
-    VALUE cnt = LONG2FIX(how_many >= 0);
-    while (how_many-- > 0) {
-	VALUE v = LONG2FIX(from--);
-	cnt = rb_funcallv(cnt, '*', 1, &v);
+    VALUE cnt;
+    if (how_many > 0) {
+	cnt = LONG2FIX(from);
+	while (--how_many > 0) {
+	    long v = --from;
+	    cnt = rb_int_mul(cnt, LONG2FIX(v));
+	}
+    }
+    else {
+	cnt = LONG2FIX(how_many == 0);
     }
     return cnt;
 }
@@ -4828,16 +6640,23 @@ descending_factorial(long from, long how_many)
 static VALUE
 binomial_coefficient(long comb, long size)
 {
-    VALUE r, v;
+    VALUE r;
+    long i;
     if (comb > size-comb) {
 	comb = size-comb;
     }
     if (comb < 0) {
 	return LONG2FIX(0);
     }
-    r = descending_factorial(size, comb);
-    v = descending_factorial(comb, comb);
-    return rb_funcallv(r, id_div, 1, &v);
+    else if (comb == 0) {
+	return LONG2FIX(1);
+    }
+    r = LONG2FIX(size);
+    for (i = 1; i < comb; ++i) {
+	r = rb_int_mul(r, LONG2FIX(size - i));
+	r = rb_int_idiv(r, LONG2FIX(i + 1));
+    }
+    return r;
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4851,42 +6670,78 @@ rb_ary_permutation_size(VALUE ary, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.permutation { |p| block }          -> ary
- *     ary.permutation                        -> Enumerator
- *     ary.permutation(n) { |p| block }       -> ary
- *     ary.permutation(n)                     -> Enumerator
- *
- * When invoked with a block, yield all permutations of length +n+ of the
- * elements of the array, then return the array itself.
- *
- * If +n+ is not specified, yield all permutations of all elements.
- *
- * The implementation makes no guarantees about the order in which the
- * permutations are yielded.
- *
- * If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *   a = [1, 2, 3]
- *   a.permutation.to_a    #=> [[1,2,3],[1,3,2],[2,1,3],[2,3,1],[3,1,2],[3,2,1]]
- *   a.permutation(1).to_a #=> [[1],[2],[3]]
- *   a.permutation(2).to_a #=> [[1,2],[1,3],[2,1],[2,3],[3,1],[3,2]]
- *   a.permutation(3).to_a #=> [[1,2,3],[1,3,2],[2,1,3],[2,3,1],[3,1,2],[3,2,1]]
- *   a.permutation(0).to_a #=> [[]] # one permutation of length 0
- *   a.permutation(4).to_a #=> []   # no permutations of length 4
+ *    array.permutation {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    array.permutation(n) {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    array.permutation -> new_enumerator
+ *    array.permutation(n) -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  When invoked with a block, yield all permutations of elements of +self+; returns +self+.
+ *  The order of permutations is indeterminate.
+ *
+ *  When a block and an in-range positive \Integer argument +n+ (<tt>0 < n <= self.size</tt>)
+ *  are given, calls the block with all +n+-tuple permutations of +self+.
+ *
+ *  Example:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.permutation(2) {|permutation| p permutation }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0, 1]
+ *    [0, 2]
+ *    [1, 0]
+ *    [1, 2]
+ *    [2, 0]
+ *    [2, 1]
+ *  Another example:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.permutation(3) {|permutation| p permutation }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0, 1, 2]
+ *    [0, 2, 1]
+ *    [1, 0, 2]
+ *    [1, 2, 0]
+ *    [2, 0, 1]
+ *    [2, 1, 0]
+ *
+ *  When +n+ is zero, calls the block once with a new empty \Array:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.permutation(0) {|permutation| p permutation }
+ *  Output:
+ *    []
+ *
+ *  When +n+ is out of range (negative or larger than <tt>self.size</tt>),
+ *  does not call the block:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.permutation(-1) {|permutation| fail 'Cannot happen' }
+ *    a.permutation(4) {|permutation| fail 'Cannot happen' }
+ *
+ *  When a block given but no argument,
+ *  behaves the same as <tt>a.permutation(a.size)</tt>:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.permutation {|permutation| p permutation }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0, 1, 2]
+ *    [0, 2, 1]
+ *    [1, 0, 2]
+ *    [1, 2, 0]
+ *    [2, 0, 1]
+ *    [2, 1, 0]
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.permutation # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1, 2]:permutation>
+ *    a.permutation(2) # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1, 2]:permutation(2)>
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_permutation(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE num;
     long r, n, i;
 
     n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);                  /* Array length */
     RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, argc, argv, rb_ary_permutation_size);   /* Return enumerator if no block */
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &num);
-    r = NIL_P(num) ? n : NUM2LONG(num);   /* Permutation size from argument */
+    r = n;
+    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) && !NIL_P(argv[0]))
+        r = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);            /* Permutation size from argument */
 
     if (r < 0 || n < r) {
 	/* no permutations: yield nothing */
@@ -4901,7 +6756,7 @@ rb_ary_permutation(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     }
     else {             /* this is the general case */
 	volatile VALUE t0;
-	long *p = (long*)ALLOCV(t0, r*sizeof(long)+n*sizeof(char));
+	long *p = ALLOCV_N(long, t0, r+roomof(n, sizeof(long)));
 	char *used = (char*)(p + r);
 	VALUE ary0 = ary_make_shared_copy(ary); /* private defensive copy of ary */
 	RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(ary0);
@@ -4947,27 +6802,44 @@ rb_ary_combination_size(VALUE ary, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.combination(n) { |c| block }    -> ary
- *     ary.combination(n)                  -> Enumerator
- *
- * When invoked with a block, yields all combinations of length +n+ of elements
- * from the array and then returns the array itself.
- *
- * The implementation makes no guarantees about the order in which the
- * combinations are yielded.
- *
- * If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
- *     a.combination(1).to_a  #=> [[1],[2],[3],[4]]
- *     a.combination(2).to_a  #=> [[1,2],[1,3],[1,4],[2,3],[2,4],[3,4]]
- *     a.combination(3).to_a  #=> [[1,2,3],[1,2,4],[1,3,4],[2,3,4]]
- *     a.combination(4).to_a  #=> [[1,2,3,4]]
- *     a.combination(0).to_a  #=> [[]] # one combination of length 0
- *     a.combination(5).to_a  #=> []   # no combinations of length 5
- *
+ *    array.combination(n) {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    array.combination(n) -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Calls the block, if given, with combinations of elements of +self+;
+ *  returns +self+. The order of combinations is indeterminate.
+ *
+ *  When a block and an in-range positive \Integer argument +n+ (<tt>0 < n <= self.size</tt>)
+ *  are given, calls the block with all +n+-tuple combinations of +self+.
+ *
+ *  Example:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.combination(2) {|combination| p combination }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0, 1]
+ *    [0, 2]
+ *    [1, 2]
+ *
+ *  Another example:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.combination(3) {|combination| p combination }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0, 1, 2]
+ *
+ *  When +n+ is zero, calls the block once with a new empty \Array:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a1 = a.combination(0) {|combination| p combination }
+ *  Output:
+ *    []
+ *
+ *  When +n+ is out of range (negative or larger than <tt>self.size</tt>),
+ *  does not call the block:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.combination(-1) {|combination| fail 'Cannot happen' }
+ *    a.combination(4) {|combination| fail 'Cannot happen' }
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.combination(2) # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1, 2]:combination(2)>
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -5006,8 +6878,8 @@ rb_ary_combination(VALUE ary, VALUE num)
  * Compute repeated permutations of +r+ elements of the set
  * <code>[0..n-1]</code>.
  *
- * When we have a complete repeated permutation of array indexes, copy the
- * values at those indexes into a new array and yield that array.
+ * When we have a complete repeated permutation of array indices, copy the
+ * values at those indices into a new array and yield that array.
  *
  * n: the size of the set
  * r: the number of elements in each permutation
@@ -5042,39 +6914,71 @@ rb_ary_repeated_permutation_size(VALUE ary, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
 {
     long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     long k = NUM2LONG(RARRAY_AREF(args, 0));
-    VALUE v;
 
     if (k < 0) {
 	return LONG2FIX(0);
     }
-
-    v = LONG2NUM(k);
-    return rb_funcallv(LONG2NUM(n), id_power, 1, &v);
+    if (n <= 0) {
+	return LONG2FIX(!k);
+    }
+    return rb_int_positive_pow(n, (unsigned long)k);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.repeated_permutation(n) { |p| block } -> ary
- *     ary.repeated_permutation(n)               -> Enumerator
- *
- * When invoked with a block, yield all repeated permutations of length +n+ of
- * the elements of the array, then return the array itself.
- *
- * The implementation makes no guarantees about the order in which the repeated
- * permutations are yielded.
- *
- * If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *     a = [1, 2]
- *     a.repeated_permutation(1).to_a  #=> [[1], [2]]
- *     a.repeated_permutation(2).to_a  #=> [[1,1],[1,2],[2,1],[2,2]]
- *     a.repeated_permutation(3).to_a  #=> [[1,1,1],[1,1,2],[1,2,1],[1,2,2],
- *                                     #    [2,1,1],[2,1,2],[2,2,1],[2,2,2]]
- *     a.repeated_permutation(0).to_a  #=> [[]] # one permutation of length 0
+ *    array.repeated_permutation(n) {|permutation| ... } -> self
+ *    array.repeated_permutation(n) -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Calls the block with each repeated permutation of length +n+ of the elements of +self+;
+ *  each permutation is an \Array;
+ *  returns +self+. The order of the permutations is indeterminate.
+ *
+ *  When a block and a positive \Integer argument +n+ are given, calls the block with each
+ *  +n+-tuple repeated permutation of the elements of +self+.
+ *  The number of permutations is <tt>self.size**n</tt>.
+ *
+ *  +n+ = 1:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.repeated_permutation(1) {|permutation| p permutation }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0]
+ *    [1]
+ *    [2]
+ *
+ *  +n+ = 2:
+ *    a.repeated_permutation(2) {|permutation| p permutation }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0, 0]
+ *    [0, 1]
+ *    [0, 2]
+ *    [1, 0]
+ *    [1, 1]
+ *    [1, 2]
+ *    [2, 0]
+ *    [2, 1]
+ *    [2, 2]
+ *
+ *  If +n+ is zero, calls the block once with an empty \Array.
+ *
+ *  If +n+ is negative, does not call the block:
+ *    a.repeated_permutation(-1) {|permutation| fail 'Cannot happen' }
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.repeated_permutation(2) # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1, 2]:permutation(2)>
+ *
+ *  Using Enumerators, it's convenient to show the permutations and counts
+ *  for some values of +n+:
+ *    e = a.repeated_permutation(0)
+ *    e.size # => 1
+ *    e.to_a # => [[]]
+ *    e = a.repeated_permutation(1)
+ *    e.size # => 3
+ *    e.to_a # => [[0], [1], [2]]
+ *    e = a.repeated_permutation(2)
+ *    e.size # => 9
+ *    e.to_a # => [[0, 0], [0, 1], [0, 2], [1, 0], [1, 1], [1, 2], [2, 0], [2, 1], [2, 2]]
  */
-
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_repeated_permutation(VALUE ary, VALUE num)
 {
@@ -5144,29 +7048,55 @@ rb_ary_repeated_combination_size(VALUE ary, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.repeated_combination(n) { |c| block } -> ary
- *     ary.repeated_combination(n)               -> Enumerator
- *
- * When invoked with a block, yields all repeated combinations of length +n+ of
- * elements from the array and then returns the array itself.
- *
- * The implementation makes no guarantees about the order in which the repeated
- * combinations are yielded.
- *
- * If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *   a = [1, 2, 3]
- *   a.repeated_combination(1).to_a  #=> [[1], [2], [3]]
- *   a.repeated_combination(2).to_a  #=> [[1,1],[1,2],[1,3],[2,2],[2,3],[3,3]]
- *   a.repeated_combination(3).to_a  #=> [[1,1,1],[1,1,2],[1,1,3],[1,2,2],[1,2,3],
- *                                   #    [1,3,3],[2,2,2],[2,2,3],[2,3,3],[3,3,3]]
- *   a.repeated_combination(4).to_a  #=> [[1,1,1,1],[1,1,1,2],[1,1,1,3],[1,1,2,2],[1,1,2,3],
- *                                   #    [1,1,3,3],[1,2,2,2],[1,2,2,3],[1,2,3,3],[1,3,3,3],
- *                                   #    [2,2,2,2],[2,2,2,3],[2,2,3,3],[2,3,3,3],[3,3,3,3]]
- *   a.repeated_combination(0).to_a  #=> [[]] # one combination of length 0
- *
+ *    array.repeated_combination(n) {|combination| ... } -> self
+ *    array.repeated_combination(n) -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Calls the block with each repeated combination of length +n+ of the elements of +self+;
+ *  each combination is an \Array;
+ *  returns +self+. The order of the combinations is indeterminate.
+ *
+ *  When a block and a positive \Integer argument +n+ are given, calls the block with each
+ *  +n+-tuple repeated combination of the elements of +self+.
+ *  The number of combinations is <tt>(n+1)(n+2)/2</tt>.
+ *
+ *  +n+ = 1:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.repeated_combination(1) {|combination| p combination }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0]
+ *    [1]
+ *    [2]
+ *
+ *  +n+ = 2:
+ *    a.repeated_combination(2) {|combination| p combination }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0, 0]
+ *    [0, 1]
+ *    [0, 2]
+ *    [1, 1]
+ *    [1, 2]
+ *    [2, 2]
+ *
+ *  If +n+ is zero, calls the block once with an empty \Array.
+ *
+ *  If +n+ is negative, does not call the block:
+ *    a.repeated_combination(-1) {|combination| fail 'Cannot happen' }
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.repeated_combination(2) # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1, 2]:combination(2)>
+ *
+ *  Using Enumerators, it's convenient to show the combinations and counts
+ *  for some values of +n+:
+ *    e = a.repeated_combination(0)
+ *    e.size # => 1
+ *    e.to_a # => [[]]
+ *    e = a.repeated_combination(1)
+ *    e.size # => 3
+ *    e.to_a # => [[0], [1], [2]]
+ *    e = a.repeated_combination(2)
+ *    e.size # => 6
+ *    e.to_a # => [[0, 0], [0, 1], [0, 2], [1, 1], [1, 2], [2, 2]]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -5206,23 +7136,51 @@ rb_ary_repeated_combination(VALUE ary, VALUE num)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.product(other_ary, ...)                -> new_ary
- *     ary.product(other_ary, ...) { |p| block }  -> ary
- *
- *  Returns an array of all combinations of elements from all arrays.
- *
- *  The length of the returned array is the product of the length of +self+ and
- *  the argument arrays.
- *
- *  If given a block, #product will yield all combinations and return +self+
- *  instead.
- *
- *     [1,2,3].product([4,5])     #=> [[1,4],[1,5],[2,4],[2,5],[3,4],[3,5]]
- *     [1,2].product([1,2])       #=> [[1,1],[1,2],[2,1],[2,2]]
- *     [1,2].product([3,4],[5,6]) #=> [[1,3,5],[1,3,6],[1,4,5],[1,4,6],
- *                                #     [2,3,5],[2,3,6],[2,4,5],[2,4,6]]
- *     [1,2].product()            #=> [[1],[2]]
- *     [1,2].product([])          #=> []
+ *    array.product(*other_arrays) -> new_array
+ *    array.product(*other_arrays) {|combination| ... } -> self
+ *
+ *  Computes and returns or yields all combinations of elements from all the Arrays,
+ *  including both +self+ and +other_arrays+.
+ *  - The number of combinations is the product of the sizes of all the arrays,
+ *    including both +self+ and +other_arrays+.
+ *  - The order of the returned combinations is indeterminate.
+ *
+ *  When no block is given, returns the combinations as an \Array of Arrays:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a1 = [3, 4]
+ *    a2 = [5, 6]
+ *    p = a.product(a1)
+ *    p.size # => 6 # a.size * a1.size
+ *    p # => [[0, 3], [0, 4], [1, 3], [1, 4], [2, 3], [2, 4]]
+ *    p = a.product(a1, a2)
+ *    p.size # => 12 # a.size * a1.size * a2.size
+ *    p # => [[0, 3, 5], [0, 3, 6], [0, 4, 5], [0, 4, 6], [1, 3, 5], [1, 3, 6], [1, 4, 5], [1, 4, 6], [2, 3, 5], [2, 3, 6], [2, 4, 5], [2, 4, 6]]
+ *
+ *  If any argument is an empty \Array, returns an empty \Array.
+ *
+ *  If no argument is given, returns an \Array of 1-element Arrays,
+ *  each containing an element of +self+:
+ *    a.product # => [[0], [1], [2]]
+ *
+ *  When a block is given, yields each combination as an \Array; returns +self+:
+ *    a.product(a1) {|combination| p combination }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0, 3]
+ *    [0, 4]
+ *    [1, 3]
+ *    [1, 4]
+ *    [2, 3]
+ *    [2, 4]
+ *
+ *  If any argument is an empty \Array, does not call the block:
+ *    a.product(a1, a2, []) {|combination| fail 'Cannot happen' }
+ *
+ *  If no argument is given, yields each element of +self+ as a 1-element \Array:
+ *    a.product {|combination| p combination }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0]
+ *    [1]
+ *    [2]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -5230,15 +7188,14 @@ rb_ary_product(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
     int n = argc+1;    /* How many arrays we're operating on */
     volatile VALUE t0 = tmpary(n);
-    volatile VALUE t1 = tmpbuf(n, sizeof(int));
+    volatile VALUE t1 = Qundef;
     VALUE *arrays = RARRAY_PTR(t0); /* The arrays we're computing the product of */
-    int *counters = (int*)RSTRING_PTR(t1); /* The current position in each one */
+    int *counters = ALLOCV_N(int, t1, n); /* The current position in each one */
     VALUE result = Qnil;      /* The array we'll be returning, when no block given */
     long i,j;
     long resultlen = 1;
 
     RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(t0);
-    RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(t1);
 
     /* initialize the arrays of arrays */
     ARY_SET_LEN(t0, n);
@@ -5309,24 +7266,25 @@ rb_ary_product(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     }
 done:
     tmpary_discard(t0);
-    tmpbuf_discard(t1);
+    ALLOCV_END(t1);
 
     return NIL_P(result) ? ary : result;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.take(n)               -> new_ary
- *
- *  Returns first +n+ elements from the array.
- *
- *  If a negative number is given, raises an ArgumentError.
- *
- *  See also Array#drop
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.take(3)             #=> [1, 2, 3]
- *
+ *    array.take(n) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing the first +n+ element of +self+,
+ *  where +n+ is a non-negative \Integer;
+ *  does not modify +self+.
+ *
+ *  Examples:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a.take(1) # => [0]
+ *    a.take(2) # => [0, 1]
+ *    a.take(50) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -5341,19 +7299,22 @@ rb_ary_take(VALUE obj, VALUE n)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.take_while { |arr| block }  -> new_ary
- *     ary.take_while                  -> Enumerator
- *
- *  Passes elements to the block until the block returns +nil+ or +false+, then
- *  stops iterating and returns an array of all prior elements.
- *
- *  If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- *  See also Array#drop_while
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.take_while { |i| i < 3 }  #=> [1, 2]
- *
+ *    array.take_while {|element| ... } -> new_array
+ *    array.take_while -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing zero or more leading elements of +self+;
+ *  does not modify +self+.
+ *
+ *  With a block given, calls the block with each successive element of +self+;
+ *  stops if the block returns +false+ or +nil+;
+ *  returns a new Array containing those elements for which the block returned a truthy value:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a.take_while {|element| element < 3 } # => [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.take_while {|element| true } # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *
+ *  With no block given, returns a new \Enumerator:
+ *    [0, 1].take_while # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1]:take_while>
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -5370,18 +7331,17 @@ rb_ary_take_while(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.drop(n)               -> new_ary
+ *    array.drop(n) -> new_array
  *
- *  Drops first +n+ elements from +ary+ and returns the rest of the elements in
- *  an array.
- *
- *  If a negative number is given, raises an ArgumentError.
- *
- *  See also Array#take
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.drop(3)             #=> [4, 5, 0]
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing all but the first +n+ element of +self+,
+ *  where +n+ is a non-negative \Integer;
+ *  does not modify +self+.
  *
+ *  Examples:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a.drop(0) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a.drop(1) # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a.drop(2) # => [2, 3, 4, 5]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -5400,20 +7360,20 @@ rb_ary_drop(VALUE ary, VALUE n)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.drop_while { |arr| block }   -> new_ary
- *     ary.drop_while                  -> Enumerator
- *
- *  Drops elements up to, but not including, the first element for which the
- *  block returns +nil+ or +false+ and returns an array containing the
- *  remaining elements.
- *
- *  If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- *  See also Array#take_while
+ *    array.drop_while {|element| ... } -> new_array
+ *    array.drop_while -> new_enumerator
+
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing zero or more trailing elements of +self+;
+ *  does not modify +self+.
  *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.drop_while {|i| i < 3 }   #=> [3, 4, 5, 0]
+ *  With a block given, calls the block with each successive element of +self+;
+ *  stops if the block returns +false+ or +nil+;
+ *  returns a new Array _omitting_ those elements for which the block returned a truthy value:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a.drop_while {|element| element < 3 } # => [3, 4, 5]
  *
+ *  With no block given, returns a new \Enumerator:
+ *    [0, 1].drop_while # => # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1]:drop_while>
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -5430,20 +7390,53 @@ rb_ary_drop_while(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.any? [{ |obj| block }]   -> true or false
- *
- *  See also Enumerable#any?
+ *    array.any? -> true or false
+ *    array.any? {|element| ... } -> true or false
+ *    array.any?(obj) -> true or false
+ *
+ *  Returns +true+ if any element of +self+ meets a given criterion.
+ *
+ *  With no block given and no argument, returns +true+ if +self+ has any truthy element,
+ *  +false+ otherwise:
+ *    [nil, 0, false].any? # => true
+ *    [nil, false].any? # => false
+ *    [].any? # => false
+ *
+ *  With a block given and no argument, calls the block with each element in +self+;
+ *  returns +true+ if the block returns any truthy value, +false+ otherwise:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].any? {|element| element > 1 } # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].any? {|element| element > 2 } # => false
+ *
+ *  If argument +obj+ is given, returns +true+ if +obj+.<tt>===</tt> any element,
+ *  +false+ otherwise:
+ *    ['food', 'drink'].any?(/foo/) # => true
+ *    ['food', 'drink'].any?(/bar/) # => false
+ *    [].any?(/foo/) # => false
+ *    [0, 1, 2].any?(1) # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].any?(3) # => false
+ *
+ *  Related: Enumerable#any?
  */
 
 static VALUE
-rb_ary_any_p(VALUE ary)
+rb_ary_any_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
     long i, len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    const VALUE *ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary);
 
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
     if (!len) return Qfalse;
-    if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
-	for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) if (RTEST(ptr[i])) return Qtrue;
+    if (argc) {
+        if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+            rb_warn("given block not used");
+        }
+	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+	    if (RTEST(rb_funcall(argv[0], idEqq, 1, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) return Qtrue;
+	}
+    }
+    else if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
+        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            if (RTEST(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i))) return Qtrue;
+        }
     }
     else {
 	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
@@ -5454,12 +7447,407 @@ rb_ary_any_p(VALUE ary)
 }
 
 /*
- *  Arrays are ordered, integer-indexed collections of any object.
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.all? -> true or false
+ *    array.all? {|element| ... } -> true or false
+ *    array.all?(obj) -> true or false
+ *
+ *  Returns +true+ if all elements of +self+ meet a given criterion.
+ *
+ *  With no block given and no argument, returns +true+ if +self+ contains only truthy elements,
+ *  +false+ otherwise:
+ *    [0, 1, :foo].all? # => true
+ *    [0, nil, 2].all? # => false
+ *    [].all? # => true
+ *
+ *  With a block given and no argument, calls the block with each element in +self+;
+ *  returns +true+ if the block returns only truthy values, +false+ otherwise:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].all? { |element| element < 3 } # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].all? { |element| element < 2 } # => false
+ *
+ *  If argument +obj+ is given, returns +true+ if <tt>obj.===</tt> every element, +false+ otherwise:
+ *    ['food', 'fool', 'foot'].all?(/foo/) # => true
+ *    ['food', 'drink'].all?(/bar/) # => false
+ *    [].all?(/foo/) # => true
+ *    [0, 0, 0].all?(0) # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].all?(1) # => false
+ *
+ *  Related: Enumerable#all?
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_all_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    long i, len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
+    if (!len) return Qtrue;
+    if (argc) {
+        if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+            rb_warn("given block not used");
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+            if (!RTEST(rb_funcall(argv[0], idEqq, 1, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) return Qfalse;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
+        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            if (!RTEST(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i))) return Qfalse;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+            if (!RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) return Qfalse;
+        }
+    }
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.none? -> true or false
+ *    array.none? {|element| ... } -> true or false
+ *    array.none?(obj) -> true or false
+ *
+ *  Returns +true+ if no element of +self+ meet a given criterion.
+ *
+ *  With no block given and no argument, returns +true+ if +self+ has no truthy elements,
+ *  +false+ otherwise:
+ *    [nil, false].none? # => true
+ *    [nil, 0, false].none? # => false
+ *    [].none? # => true
+ *
+ *  With a block given and no argument, calls the block with each element in +self+;
+ *  returns +true+ if the block returns no truthy value, +false+ otherwise:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].none? {|element| element > 3 } # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].none? {|element| element > 1 } # => false
+ *
+ *  If argument +obj+ is given, returns +true+ if <tt>obj.===</tt> no element, +false+ otherwise:
+ *    ['food', 'drink'].none?(/bar/) # => true
+ *    ['food', 'drink'].none?(/foo/) # => false
+ *    [].none?(/foo/) # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].none?(3) # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].none?(1) # => false
+ *
+ *  Related: Enumerable#none?
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_none_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    long i, len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
+    if (!len) return Qtrue;
+    if (argc) {
+        if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+            rb_warn("given block not used");
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+            if (RTEST(rb_funcall(argv[0], idEqq, 1, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) return Qfalse;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
+        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            if (RTEST(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i))) return Qfalse;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+            if (RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) return Qfalse;
+        }
+    }
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.one? -> true or false
+ *    array.one? {|element| ... } -> true or false
+ *    array.one?(obj) -> true or false
+ *
+ *  Returns +true+ if exactly one element of +self+ meets a given criterion.
+ *
+ *  With no block given and no argument, returns +true+ if +self+ has exactly one truthy element,
+ *  +false+ otherwise:
+ *    [nil, 0].one? # => true
+ *    [0, 0].one? # => false
+ *    [nil, nil].one? # => false
+ *    [].one? # => false
+ *
+ *  With a block given and no argument, calls the block with each element in +self+;
+ *  returns +true+ if the block a truthy value for exactly one element, +false+ otherwise:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].one? {|element| element > 0 } # => false
+ *    [0, 1, 2].one? {|element| element > 1 } # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].one? {|element| element > 2 } # => false
+ *
+ *  If argument +obj+ is given, returns +true+ if <tt>obj.===</tt> exactly one element,
+ *  +false+ otherwise:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].one?(0) # => true
+ *    [0, 0, 1].one?(0) # => false
+ *    [1, 1, 2].one?(0) # => false
+ *    ['food', 'drink'].one?(/bar/) # => false
+ *    ['food', 'drink'].one?(/foo/) # => true
+ *    [].one?(/foo/) # => false
+ *
+ *  Related: Enumerable#one?
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_one_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    long i, len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    VALUE result = Qfalse;
+
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
+    if (!len) return Qfalse;
+    if (argc) {
+        if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+            rb_warn("given block not used");
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+            if (RTEST(rb_funcall(argv[0], idEqq, 1, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) {
+                if (result) return Qfalse;
+                result = Qtrue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
+        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            if (RTEST(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i))) {
+                if (result) return Qfalse;
+                result = Qtrue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+            if (RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) {
+                if (result) return Qfalse;
+                result = Qtrue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.dig(index, *identifiers) -> object
+ *
+ *  Finds and returns the object in nested objects
+ *  that is specified by +index+ and +identifiers+.
+ *  The nested objects may be instances of various classes.
+ *  See {Dig Methods}[rdoc-ref:doc/dig_methods.rdoc].
+ *
+ *  Examples:
+ *    a = [:foo, [:bar, :baz, [:bat, :bam]]]
+ *    a.dig(1) # => [:bar, :baz, [:bat, :bam]]
+ *    a.dig(1, 2) # => [:bat, :bam]
+ *    a.dig(1, 2, 0) # => :bat
+ *    a.dig(1, 2, 3) # => nil
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_dig(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 1, UNLIMITED_ARGUMENTS);
+    self = rb_ary_at(self, *argv);
+    if (!--argc) return self;
+    ++argv;
+    return rb_obj_dig(argc, argv, self, Qnil);
+}
+
+static inline VALUE
+finish_exact_sum(long n, VALUE r, VALUE v, int z)
+{
+    if (n != 0)
+        v = rb_fix_plus(LONG2FIX(n), v);
+    if (r != Qundef) {
+        v = rb_rational_plus(r, v);
+    }
+    else if (!n && z) {
+        v = rb_fix_plus(LONG2FIX(0), v);
+    }
+    return v;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   array.sum(init = 0) -> object
+ *   array.sum(init = 0) {|element| ... } -> object
+ *
+ *  When no block is given, returns the object equivalent to:
+ *    sum = init
+ *    array.each {|element| sum += element }
+ *    sum
+ *  For example, <tt>[e1, e2, e3].sum</tt> returns </tt>init + e1 + e2 + e3</tt>.
+ *
+ *  Examples:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2, 3]
+ *    a.sum # => 6
+ *    a.sum(100) # => 106
+ *
+ *  The elements need not be numeric, but must be <tt>+</tt>-compatible
+ *  with each other and with +init+:
+ *    a = ['abc', 'def', 'ghi']
+ *    a.sum('jkl') # => "jklabcdefghi"
+ *
+ *  When a block is given, it is called with each element
+ *  and the block's return value (instead of the element itself) is used as the addend:
+ *    a = ['zero', 1, :two]
+ *    s = a.sum('Coerced and concatenated: ') {|element| element.to_s }
+ *    s # => "Coerced and concatenated: zero1two"
+ *
+ *  Notes:
+ *  - Array#join and Array#flatten may be faster than Array#sum
+ *    for an \Array of Strings or an \Array of Arrays.
+ *  - Array#sum method may not respect method redefinition of "+" methods such as Integer#+.
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_sum(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    VALUE e, v, r;
+    long i, n;
+    int block_given;
+
+    v = (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) ? argv[0] : LONG2FIX(0));
+
+    block_given = rb_block_given_p();
+
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0)
+        return v;
+
+    n = 0;
+    r = Qundef;
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+        e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+        if (block_given)
+            e = rb_yield(e);
+        if (FIXNUM_P(e)) {
+            n += FIX2LONG(e); /* should not overflow long type */
+            if (!FIXABLE(n)) {
+                v = rb_big_plus(LONG2NUM(n), v);
+                n = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (RB_TYPE_P(e, T_BIGNUM))
+            v = rb_big_plus(e, v);
+        else if (RB_TYPE_P(e, T_RATIONAL)) {
+            if (r == Qundef)
+                r = e;
+            else
+                r = rb_rational_plus(r, e);
+        }
+        else
+            goto not_exact;
+    }
+    v = finish_exact_sum(n, r, v, argc!=0);
+    return v;
+
+  not_exact:
+    v = finish_exact_sum(n, r, v, i!=0);
+
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(e)) {
+        /*
+         * Kahan-Babuska balancing compensated summation algorithm
+         * See https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00607-005-0139-x
+         */
+        double f, c;
+        double x, t;
+
+        f = NUM2DBL(v);
+        c = 0.0;
+        goto has_float_value;
+        for (; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+            e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+            if (block_given)
+                e = rb_yield(e);
+            if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(e))
+              has_float_value:
+                x = RFLOAT_VALUE(e);
+            else if (FIXNUM_P(e))
+                x = FIX2LONG(e);
+            else if (RB_TYPE_P(e, T_BIGNUM))
+                x = rb_big2dbl(e);
+            else if (RB_TYPE_P(e, T_RATIONAL))
+                x = rb_num2dbl(e);
+            else
+                goto not_float;
+
+            if (isnan(f)) continue;
+            if (isnan(x)) {
+                f = x;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (isinf(x)) {
+                if (isinf(f) && signbit(x) != signbit(f))
+                    f = NAN;
+                else
+                    f = x;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (isinf(f)) continue;
+
+            t = f + x;
+            if (fabs(f) >= fabs(x))
+                c += ((f - t) + x);
+            else
+                c += ((x - t) + f);
+            f = t;
+        }
+        f += c;
+        return DBL2NUM(f);
+
+      not_float:
+        v = DBL2NUM(f);
+    }
+
+    goto has_some_value;
+    for (; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+        e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+        if (block_given)
+            e = rb_yield(e);
+      has_some_value:
+        v = rb_funcall(v, idPLUS, 1, e);
+    }
+    return v;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_deconstruct(VALUE ary)
+{
+    return ary;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  An \Array is an ordered, integer-indexed collection of objects,
+ *  called _elements_.  Any object may be an \Array element.
+ *
+ *  == \Array Indexes
+ *
+ *  \Array indexing starts at 0, as in C or Java.
+ *
+ *  A positive index is an offset from the first element:
+ *  - Index 0 indicates the first element.
+ *  - Index 1 indicates the second element.
+ *  - ...
+ *
+ *  A negative index is an offset, backwards, from the end of the array:
+ *  - Index -1 indicates the last element.
+ *  - Index -2 indicates the next-to-last element.
+ *  - ...
  *
- *  Array indexing starts at 0, as in C or Java.  A negative index is assumed
- *  to be relative to the end of the array---that is, an index of -1 indicates
- *  the last element of the array, -2 is the next to last element in the
- *  array, and so on.
+ *  A non-negative index is <i>in range</i> if it is smaller than
+ *  the size of the array.  For a 3-element array:
+ *  - Indexes 0 through 2 are in range.
+ *  - Index 3 is out of range.
+ *
+ *  A negative index is <i>in range</i> if its absolute value is
+ *  not larger than the size of the array.  For a 3-element array:
+ *  - Indexes -1 through -3 are in range.
+ *  - Index -4 is out of range.
  *
  *  == Creating Arrays
  *
@@ -5486,12 +7874,12 @@ rb_ary_any_p(VALUE ary)
  *  This method is safe to use with mutable objects such as hashes, strings or
  *  other arrays:
  *
- *     Array.new(4) { Hash.new }  #=> [{}, {}, {}, {}]
+ *     Array.new(4) {Hash.new}    #=> [{}, {}, {}, {}]
  *     Array.new(4) {|i| i.to_s } #=> ["0", "1", "2", "3"]
  *
  *  This is also a quick way to build up multi-dimensional arrays:
  *
- *     empty_table = Array.new(3) { Array.new(3) }
+ *     empty_table = Array.new(3) {Array.new(3)}
  *     #=> [[nil, nil, nil], [nil, nil, nil], [nil, nil, nil]]
  *
  *  An array can also be created by using the Array() method, provided by
@@ -5638,7 +8026,7 @@ rb_ary_any_p(VALUE ary)
  *  Note that this operation leaves the array unchanged.
  *
  *     arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- *     arr.each { |a| print a -= 10, " " }
+ *     arr.each {|a| print a -= 10, " "}
  *     # prints: -9 -8 -7 -6 -5
  *     #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
  *
@@ -5647,15 +8035,15 @@ rb_ary_any_p(VALUE ary)
  *
  *     words = %w[first second third fourth fifth sixth]
  *     str = ""
- *     words.reverse_each { |word| str += "#{word} " }
+ *     words.reverse_each {|word| str += "#{word} "}
  *     p str #=> "sixth fifth fourth third second first "
  *
  *  The #map method can be used to create a new array based on the original
  *  array, but with the values modified by the supplied block:
  *
- *     arr.map { |a| 2*a }   #=> [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
+ *     arr.map {|a| 2*a}     #=> [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
  *     arr                   #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- *     arr.map! { |a| a**2 } #=> [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
+ *     arr.map! {|a| a**2}   #=> [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
  *     arr                   #=> [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
  *
  *  == Selecting Items from an Array
@@ -5669,9 +8057,9 @@ rb_ary_any_p(VALUE ary)
  *  === Non-destructive Selection
  *
  *     arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
- *     arr.select { |a| a > 3 }     #=> [4, 5, 6]
- *     arr.reject { |a| a < 3 }     #=> [3, 4, 5, 6]
- *     arr.drop_while { |a| a < 4 } #=> [4, 5, 6]
+ *     arr.select {|a| a > 3}       #=> [4, 5, 6]
+ *     arr.reject {|a| a < 3}       #=> [3, 4, 5, 6]
+ *     arr.drop_while {|a| a < 4}   #=> [4, 5, 6]
  *     arr                          #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
  *
  *  === Destructive Selection
@@ -5682,21 +8070,17 @@ rb_ary_any_p(VALUE ary)
  *  Similar to #select vs. #reject, #delete_if and #keep_if have the exact
  *  opposite result when supplied with the same block:
  *
- *     arr.delete_if { |a| a < 4 } #=> [4, 5, 6]
+ *     arr.delete_if {|a| a < 4}   #=> [4, 5, 6]
  *     arr                         #=> [4, 5, 6]
  *
  *     arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
- *     arr.keep_if { |a| a < 4 } #=> [1, 2, 3]
+ *     arr.keep_if {|a| a < 4}   #=> [1, 2, 3]
  *     arr                       #=> [1, 2, 3]
- *
  */
 
 void
 Init_Array(void)
 {
-#undef rb_intern
-#define rb_intern(str) rb_intern_const(str)
-
     rb_cArray  = rb_define_class("Array", rb_cObject);
     rb_include_module(rb_cArray, rb_mEnumerable);
 
@@ -5711,7 +8095,6 @@ Init_Array(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "to_a", rb_ary_to_a, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "to_h", rb_ary_to_h, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "to_ary", rb_ary_to_ary_m, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "frozen?",  rb_ary_frozen_p, 0);
 
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "==", rb_ary_equal, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "eql?", rb_ary_eql, 1);
@@ -5723,18 +8106,23 @@ Init_Array(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "fetch", rb_ary_fetch, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "first", rb_ary_first, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "last", rb_ary_last, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "concat", rb_ary_concat, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "concat", rb_ary_concat_multi, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "union", rb_ary_union_multi, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "difference", rb_ary_difference_multi, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "intersection", rb_ary_intersection_multi, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "<<", rb_ary_push, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "push", rb_ary_push_m, -1);
+    rb_define_alias(rb_cArray,  "append", "push");
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "pop", rb_ary_pop_m, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "shift", rb_ary_shift_m, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "unshift", rb_ary_unshift_m, -1);
+    rb_define_alias(rb_cArray,  "prepend", "unshift");
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "insert", rb_ary_insert, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "each", rb_ary_each, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "each_index", rb_ary_each_index, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "reverse_each", rb_ary_reverse_each, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "length", rb_ary_length, 0);
-    rb_define_alias(rb_cArray,  "size", "length");
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "size", rb_ary_length, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "empty?", rb_ary_empty_p, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "find_index", rb_ary_index, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "index", rb_ary_index, -1);
@@ -5753,6 +8141,8 @@ Init_Array(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "map!", rb_ary_collect_bang, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "select", rb_ary_select, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "select!", rb_ary_select_bang, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "filter", rb_ary_select, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "filter!", rb_ary_select_bang, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "keep_if", rb_ary_keep_if, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "values_at", rb_ary_values_at, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "delete", rb_ary_delete, 1);
@@ -5781,6 +8171,10 @@ Init_Array(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "&", rb_ary_and, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "|", rb_ary_or, 1);
 
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "max", rb_ary_max, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "min", rb_ary_min, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "minmax", rb_ary_minmax, 0);
+
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "uniq", rb_ary_uniq, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "uniq!", rb_ary_uniq_bang, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "compact", rb_ary_compact, 0);
@@ -5788,9 +8182,6 @@ Init_Array(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "flatten", rb_ary_flatten, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "flatten!", rb_ary_flatten_bang, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "count", rb_ary_count, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "shuffle!", rb_ary_shuffle_bang, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "shuffle", rb_ary_shuffle, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "sample", rb_ary_sample, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "cycle", rb_ary_cycle, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "permutation", rb_ary_permutation, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "combination", rb_ary_combination, 1);
@@ -5803,10 +8194,15 @@ Init_Array(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "drop", rb_ary_drop, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "drop_while", rb_ary_drop_while, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "bsearch", rb_ary_bsearch, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "any?", rb_ary_any_p, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "bsearch_index", rb_ary_bsearch_index, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "any?", rb_ary_any_p, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "all?", rb_ary_all_p, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "none?", rb_ary_none_p, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "one?", rb_ary_one_p, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "dig", rb_ary_dig, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "sum", rb_ary_sum, -1);
 
-    id_cmp = rb_intern("<=>");
-    id_random = rb_intern("random");
-    id_div = rb_intern("div");
-    id_power = rb_intern("**");
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "deconstruct", rb_ary_deconstruct, 0);
 }
+
+#include "array.rbinc"
diff --git a/array.rb b/array.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a43a3b27b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/array.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+class Array
+  # call-seq:
+  #    array.shuffle!(random: Random) -> array
+  #
+  # Shuffles the elements of +self+ in place.
+  #    a = [1, 2, 3] #=> [1, 2, 3]
+  #    a.shuffle!    #=> [2, 3, 1]
+  #    a             #=> [2, 3, 1]
+  #
+  # The optional +random+ argument will be used as the random number generator:
+  #    a.shuffle!(random: Random.new(1))  #=> [1, 3, 2]
+  def shuffle!(random: Random)
+    Primitive.rb_ary_shuffle_bang(random)
+  end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #    array.shuffle(random: Random) -> new_ary
+  #
+  # Returns a new array with elements of +self+ shuffled.
+  #    a = [1, 2, 3] #=> [1, 2, 3]
+  #    a.shuffle     #=> [2, 3, 1]
+  #    a             #=> [1, 2, 3]
+  #
+  # The optional +random+ argument will be used as the random number generator:
+  #    a.shuffle(random: Random.new(1))  #=> [1, 3, 2]
+  def shuffle(random: Random)
+    Primitive.rb_ary_shuffle(random)
+  end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #    array.sample(random: Random) -> object
+  #    array.sample(n, random: Random) -> new_ary
+  #
+  # Returns random elements from +self+.
+  #
+  # When no arguments are given, returns a random element from +self+:
+  #    a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
+  #    a.sample # => 3
+  #    a.sample # => 8
+  # If +self+ is empty, returns +nil+.
+  #
+  # When argument +n+ is given, returns a new \Array containing +n+ random
+  # elements from +self+:
+  #    a.sample(3) # => [8, 9, 2]
+  #    a.sample(6) # => [9, 6, 10, 3, 1, 4]
+  # Returns no more than <tt>a.size</tt> elements
+  # (because no new duplicates are introduced):
+  #    a.sample(a.size * 2) # => [6, 4, 1, 8, 5, 9, 10, 2, 3, 7]
+  # But +self+ may contain duplicates:
+  #    a = [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3]
+  #    a.sample(a.size * 2) # => [1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2]
+  # Returns a new empty \Array if +self+ is empty.
+  #
+  # The optional +random+ argument will be used as the random number generator:
+  #    a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
+  #    a.sample(random: Random.new(1))     #=> 6
+  #    a.sample(4, random: Random.new(1))  #=> [6, 10, 9, 2]
+  def sample(n = (ary = false), random: Random)
+    Primitive.rb_ary_sample(random, n, ary)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/ast.c b/ast.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2af0b3e530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ast.c
@@ -0,0 +1,699 @@
+/* indent-tabs-mode: nil */
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/parse.h"
+#include "internal/symbol.h"
+#include "internal/warnings.h"
+#include "iseq.h"
+#include "node.h"
+#include "ruby.h"
+#include "ruby/encoding.h"
+#include "ruby/util.h"
+#include "vm_core.h"
+
+#include "builtin.h"
+
+static VALUE rb_mAST;
+static VALUE rb_cNode;
+
+struct ASTNodeData {
+    rb_ast_t *ast;
+    const NODE *node;
+};
+
+static void
+node_gc_mark(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data = (struct ASTNodeData *)ptr;
+    rb_gc_mark((VALUE)data->ast);
+}
+
+static size_t
+node_memsize(const void *ptr)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data = (struct ASTNodeData *)ptr;
+    return rb_ast_memsize(data->ast);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t rb_node_type = {
+    "AST/node",
+    {node_gc_mark, RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE, node_memsize,},
+    0, 0,
+    RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY,
+};
+
+static VALUE rb_ast_node_alloc(VALUE klass);
+
+static void
+setup_node(VALUE obj, rb_ast_t *ast, const NODE *node)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(obj, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+    data->ast = ast;
+    data->node = node;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_new_internal(rb_ast_t *ast, const NODE *node)
+{
+    VALUE obj;
+
+    obj = rb_ast_node_alloc(rb_cNode);
+    setup_node(obj, ast, node);
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_ast_parse_str(VALUE str);
+static VALUE rb_ast_parse_file(VALUE path);
+static VALUE rb_ast_parse_array(VALUE array);
+
+static VALUE
+ast_parse_new(void)
+{
+    return rb_parser_set_context(rb_parser_new(), NULL, 0);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_parse_done(rb_ast_t *ast)
+{
+    if (!ast->body.root) {
+        rb_ast_dispose(ast);
+        rb_exc_raise(GET_EC()->errinfo);
+    }
+
+    return ast_new_internal(ast, (NODE *)ast->body.root);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_s_parse(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE module, VALUE str)
+{
+    return rb_ast_parse_str(str);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ast_parse_str(VALUE str)
+{
+    rb_ast_t *ast = 0;
+
+    StringValue(str);
+    ast = rb_parser_compile_string_path(ast_parse_new(), Qnil, str, 1);
+    return ast_parse_done(ast);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_s_parse_file(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE module, VALUE path)
+{
+    return rb_ast_parse_file(path);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ast_parse_file(VALUE path)
+{
+    VALUE f;
+    rb_ast_t *ast = 0;
+    rb_encoding *enc = rb_utf8_encoding();
+
+    FilePathValue(path);
+    f = rb_file_open_str(path, "r");
+    rb_funcall(f, rb_intern("set_encoding"), 2, rb_enc_from_encoding(enc), rb_str_new_cstr("-"));
+    ast = rb_parser_compile_file_path(ast_parse_new(), Qnil, f, 1);
+    rb_io_close(f);
+    return ast_parse_done(ast);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+lex_array(VALUE array, int index)
+{
+    VALUE str = rb_ary_entry(array, index);
+    if (!NIL_P(str)) {
+        StringValue(str);
+        if (!rb_enc_asciicompat(rb_enc_get(str))) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid source encoding");
+        }
+    }
+    return str;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ast_parse_array(VALUE array)
+{
+    rb_ast_t *ast = 0;
+
+    array = rb_check_array_type(array);
+    ast = rb_parser_compile_generic(ast_parse_new(), lex_array, Qnil, array, 1);
+    return ast_parse_done(ast);
+}
+
+static VALUE node_children(rb_ast_t*, const NODE*);
+
+static VALUE
+node_find(VALUE self, const int node_id)
+{
+    VALUE ary;
+    long i;
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    if (nd_node_id(data->node) == node_id) return self;
+
+    ary = node_children(data->ast, data->node);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+        VALUE child = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (CLASS_OF(child) == rb_cNode) {
+            VALUE result = node_find(child, node_id);
+            if (RTEST(result)) return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+extern VALUE rb_e_script;
+
+static VALUE
+script_lines(VALUE path)
+{
+    VALUE hash, lines;
+    ID script_lines;
+    CONST_ID(script_lines, "SCRIPT_LINES__");
+    if (!rb_const_defined_at(rb_cObject, script_lines)) return Qnil;
+    hash = rb_const_get_at(rb_cObject, script_lines);
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(hash, T_HASH)) return Qnil;
+    lines = rb_hash_lookup(hash, path);
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(lines, T_ARRAY)) return Qnil;
+    return lines;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_s_of(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE module, VALUE body)
+{
+    VALUE path, node, lines;
+    int node_id;
+    const rb_iseq_t *iseq = NULL;
+
+    if (rb_obj_is_proc(body)) {
+        iseq = vm_proc_iseq(body);
+
+        if (!rb_obj_is_iseq((VALUE)iseq)) {
+            iseq = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        iseq = rb_method_iseq(body);
+    }
+
+    if (!iseq) return Qnil;
+
+    path = rb_iseq_path(iseq);
+    node_id = iseq->body->location.node_id;
+    if (!NIL_P(lines = script_lines(path))) {
+        node = rb_ast_parse_array(lines);
+    }
+    else if (RSTRING_LEN(path) == 2 && memcmp(RSTRING_PTR(path), "-e", 2) == 0) {
+        node = rb_ast_parse_str(rb_e_script);
+    }
+    else {
+        node = rb_ast_parse_file(path);
+    }
+
+    return node_find(node, node_id);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ast_node_alloc(VALUE klass)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    VALUE obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static const char*
+node_type_to_str(const NODE *node)
+{
+    return (ruby_node_name(nd_type(node)) + rb_strlen_lit("NODE_"));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_node_type(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    return rb_sym_intern_ascii_cstr(node_type_to_str(data->node));
+}
+
+#define NEW_CHILD(ast, node) node ? ast_new_internal(ast, node) : Qnil
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_new_from_node_args(rb_ast_t *ast, long n, ...)
+{
+    va_list ar;
+    VALUE ary;
+    long i;
+
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+
+    va_start(ar, n);
+    for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
+        NODE *node;
+        node = va_arg(ar, NODE *);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, NEW_CHILD(ast, node));
+    }
+    va_end(ar);
+    return ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+dump_block(rb_ast_t *ast, const NODE *node)
+{
+    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
+    do {
+        rb_ary_push(ary, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_head));
+    } while (node->nd_next &&
+        nd_type(node->nd_next) == NODE_BLOCK &&
+        (node = node->nd_next, 1));
+    if (node->nd_next) {
+        rb_ary_push(ary, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_next));
+    }
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+dump_array(rb_ast_t *ast, const NODE *node)
+{
+    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
+    rb_ary_push(ary, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_head));
+
+    while (node->nd_next && nd_type(node->nd_next) == NODE_LIST) {
+        node = node->nd_next;
+        rb_ary_push(ary, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_head));
+    }
+    rb_ary_push(ary, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_next));
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+var_name(ID id)
+{
+    if (!id) return Qnil;
+    if (!rb_id2str(id)) return Qnil;
+    return ID2SYM(id);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+no_name_rest(void)
+{
+    ID rest;
+    CONST_ID(rest, "NODE_SPECIAL_NO_NAME_REST");
+    return ID2SYM(rest);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rest_arg(rb_ast_t *ast, const NODE *rest_arg)
+{
+    return NODE_NAMED_REST_P(rest_arg) ? NEW_CHILD(ast, rest_arg) : no_name_rest();
+}
+
+static VALUE
+node_children(rb_ast_t *ast, const NODE *node)
+{
+    char name[DECIMAL_SIZE_OF_BITS(sizeof(long) * CHAR_BIT) + 2]; /* including '$' */
+
+    enum node_type type = nd_type(node);
+    switch (type) {
+      case NODE_BLOCK:
+        return dump_block(ast, node);
+      case NODE_IF:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 3, node->nd_cond, node->nd_body, node->nd_else);
+      case NODE_UNLESS:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 3, node->nd_cond, node->nd_body, node->nd_else);
+      case NODE_CASE:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_head, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_CASE2:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_head, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_CASE3:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_head, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_WHEN:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 3, node->nd_head, node->nd_body, node->nd_next);
+      case NODE_IN:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 3, node->nd_head, node->nd_body, node->nd_next);
+      case NODE_WHILE:
+      case NODE_UNTIL:
+        return rb_ary_push(rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_cond, node->nd_body),
+                           (node->nd_state ? Qtrue : Qfalse));
+      case NODE_ITER:
+      case NODE_FOR:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_iter, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_FOR_MASGN:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_var);
+      case NODE_BREAK:
+      case NODE_NEXT:
+      case NODE_RETURN:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_stts);
+      case NODE_REDO:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
+      case NODE_RETRY:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
+      case NODE_BEGIN:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_RESCUE:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 3, node->nd_head, node->nd_resq, node->nd_else);
+      case NODE_RESBODY:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 3, node->nd_args, node->nd_body, node->nd_head);
+      case NODE_ENSURE:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_head, node->nd_ensr);
+      case NODE_AND:
+      case NODE_OR:
+        {
+            VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
+
+            while (1) {
+                rb_ary_push(ary, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_1st));
+                if (!node->nd_2nd || nd_type(node->nd_2nd) != (int)type)
+                    break;
+                node = node->nd_2nd;
+            }
+            rb_ary_push(ary, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_2nd));
+            return ary;
+        }
+      case NODE_MASGN:
+        if (NODE_NAMED_REST_P(node->nd_args)) {
+            return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 3, node->nd_value, node->nd_head, node->nd_args);
+        }
+        else {
+            return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_value),
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_head),
+                                        no_name_rest());
+        }
+      case NODE_LASGN:
+      case NODE_DASGN:
+      case NODE_DASGN_CURR:
+      case NODE_IASGN:
+      case NODE_CVASGN:
+      case NODE_GASGN:
+        if (NODE_REQUIRED_KEYWORD_P(node)) {
+            return rb_ary_new_from_args(2, var_name(node->nd_vid), ID2SYM(rb_intern("NODE_SPECIAL_REQUIRED_KEYWORD")));
+        }
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(2, var_name(node->nd_vid), NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_value));
+      case NODE_CDECL:
+        if (node->nd_vid) {
+            return rb_ary_new_from_args(2, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid), NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_value));
+        }
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_else), ID2SYM(node->nd_else->nd_mid), NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_value));
+      case NODE_OP_ASGN1:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(4, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_recv),
+                                    ID2SYM(node->nd_mid),
+                                    NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_args->nd_head),
+                                    NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_args->nd_body));
+      case NODE_OP_ASGN2:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(5, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_recv),
+                                    node->nd_next->nd_aid ? Qtrue : Qfalse,
+                                    ID2SYM(node->nd_next->nd_vid),
+                                    ID2SYM(node->nd_next->nd_mid),
+                                    NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_value));
+      case NODE_OP_ASGN_AND:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_head), ID2SYM(idANDOP),
+                                    NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_value));
+      case NODE_OP_ASGN_OR:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_head), ID2SYM(idOROP),
+                                    NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_value));
+      case NODE_OP_CDECL:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_head),
+                                    ID2SYM(node->nd_aid),
+                                    NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_value));
+      case NODE_CALL:
+      case NODE_OPCALL:
+      case NODE_QCALL:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_recv),
+                                    ID2SYM(node->nd_mid),
+                                    NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_args));
+      case NODE_FCALL:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(2, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid),
+                                    NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_args));
+      case NODE_VCALL:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(1, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
+      case NODE_SUPER:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_args);
+      case NODE_ZSUPER:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
+      case NODE_LIST:
+      case NODE_VALUES:
+        return dump_array(ast, node);
+      case NODE_ZLIST:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
+      case NODE_HASH:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_head);
+      case NODE_YIELD:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_head);
+      case NODE_LVAR:
+      case NODE_DVAR:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(1, var_name(node->nd_vid));
+      case NODE_IVAR:
+      case NODE_CONST:
+      case NODE_CVAR:
+      case NODE_GVAR:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(1, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
+      case NODE_NTH_REF:
+        snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "$%ld", node->nd_nth);
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(1, ID2SYM(rb_intern(name)));
+      case NODE_BACK_REF:
+        name[0] = '$';
+        name[1] = (char)node->nd_nth;
+        name[2] = '\0';
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(1, ID2SYM(rb_intern(name)));
+      case NODE_MATCH2:
+        if (node->nd_args) {
+            return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 3, node->nd_recv, node->nd_value, node->nd_args);
+        }
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_recv, node->nd_value);
+      case NODE_MATCH3:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_recv, node->nd_value);
+      case NODE_MATCH:
+      case NODE_LIT:
+      case NODE_STR:
+      case NODE_XSTR:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(1, node->nd_lit);
+      case NODE_ONCE:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_DSTR:
+      case NODE_DXSTR:
+      case NODE_DREGX:
+      case NODE_DSYM:
+        {
+            NODE *n = node->nd_next;
+            VALUE head = Qnil, next = Qnil;
+            if (n) {
+                head = NEW_CHILD(ast, n->nd_head);
+                next = NEW_CHILD(ast, n->nd_next);
+            }
+            return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, node->nd_lit, head, next);
+        }
+      case NODE_EVSTR:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_ARGSCAT:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_head, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_ARGSPUSH:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_head, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_SPLAT:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_head);
+      case NODE_BLOCK_PASS:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_head, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_DEFN:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(2, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_defn));
+      case NODE_DEFS:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_recv), ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_defn));
+      case NODE_ALIAS:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_1st, node->nd_2nd);
+      case NODE_VALIAS:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(2, ID2SYM(node->nd_alias), ID2SYM(node->nd_orig));
+      case NODE_UNDEF:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_undef);
+      case NODE_CLASS:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 3, node->nd_cpath, node->nd_super, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_MODULE:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_cpath, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_SCLASS:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_recv, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_COLON2:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(2, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_head), ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
+      case NODE_COLON3:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(1, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
+      case NODE_DOT2:
+      case NODE_DOT3:
+      case NODE_FLIP2:
+      case NODE_FLIP3:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_beg, node->nd_end);
+      case NODE_SELF:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
+      case NODE_NIL:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
+      case NODE_TRUE:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
+      case NODE_FALSE:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
+      case NODE_ERRINFO:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
+      case NODE_DEFINED:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_head);
+      case NODE_POSTEXE:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_ATTRASGN:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_recv), ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_args));
+      case NODE_LAMBDA:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_OPT_ARG:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_body, node->nd_next);
+      case NODE_KW_ARG:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_body, node->nd_next);
+      case NODE_POSTARG:
+        if (NODE_NAMED_REST_P(node->nd_1st)) {
+            return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_1st, node->nd_2nd);
+        }
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(2, no_name_rest(),
+                                    NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_2nd));
+      case NODE_ARGS:
+        {
+            struct rb_args_info *ainfo = node->nd_ainfo;
+            return rb_ary_new_from_args(10,
+                                        INT2NUM(ainfo->pre_args_num),
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, ainfo->pre_init),
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, ainfo->opt_args),
+                                        var_name(ainfo->first_post_arg),
+                                        INT2NUM(ainfo->post_args_num),
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, ainfo->post_init),
+                                        (ainfo->rest_arg == NODE_SPECIAL_EXCESSIVE_COMMA
+                                            ? ID2SYM(rb_intern("NODE_SPECIAL_EXCESSIVE_COMMA"))
+                                            : var_name(ainfo->rest_arg)),
+                                        (ainfo->no_kwarg ? Qfalse : NEW_CHILD(ast, ainfo->kw_args)),
+                                        (ainfo->no_kwarg ? Qfalse : NEW_CHILD(ast, ainfo->kw_rest_arg)),
+                                        var_name(ainfo->block_arg));
+        }
+      case NODE_SCOPE:
+        {
+            ID *tbl = node->nd_tbl;
+            int i, size = tbl ? (int)*tbl++ : 0;
+            VALUE locals = rb_ary_new_capa(size);
+            for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                rb_ary_push(locals, var_name(tbl[i]));
+            }
+            return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, locals, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_args), NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_body));
+        }
+      case NODE_ARYPTN:
+        {
+            struct rb_ary_pattern_info *apinfo = node->nd_apinfo;
+            VALUE rest = rest_arg(ast, apinfo->rest_arg);
+            return rb_ary_new_from_args(4,
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_pconst),
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, apinfo->pre_args),
+                                        rest,
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, apinfo->post_args));
+        }
+      case NODE_FNDPTN:
+        {
+            struct rb_fnd_pattern_info *fpinfo = node->nd_fpinfo;
+            VALUE pre_rest = rest_arg(ast, fpinfo->pre_rest_arg);
+            VALUE post_rest = rest_arg(ast, fpinfo->post_rest_arg);
+            return rb_ary_new_from_args(4,
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_pconst),
+                                        pre_rest,
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, fpinfo->args),
+                                        post_rest);
+        }
+      case NODE_HSHPTN:
+        {
+            VALUE kwrest = node->nd_pkwrestarg == NODE_SPECIAL_NO_REST_KEYWORD ? ID2SYM(rb_intern("NODE_SPECIAL_NO_REST_KEYWORD")) :
+                                                                                 NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_pkwrestarg);
+
+            return rb_ary_new_from_args(3,
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_pconst),
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_pkwargs),
+                                        kwrest);
+        }
+      case NODE_ARGS_AUX:
+      case NODE_LAST:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    rb_bug("node_children: unknown node: %s", ruby_node_name(type));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_node_children(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    return node_children(data->ast, data->node);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_node_first_lineno(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    return INT2NUM(nd_first_lineno(data->node));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_node_first_column(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    return INT2NUM(nd_first_column(data->node));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_node_last_lineno(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    return INT2NUM(nd_last_lineno(data->node));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_node_last_column(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    return INT2NUM(nd_last_column(data->node));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_node_inspect(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE str;
+    VALUE cname;
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    cname = rb_class_path(rb_obj_class(self));
+    str = rb_str_new2("#<");
+
+    rb_str_append(str, cname);
+    rb_str_catf(str, ":%s@%d:%d-%d:%d>",
+                node_type_to_str(data->node),
+                nd_first_lineno(data->node), nd_first_column(data->node),
+                nd_last_lineno(data->node), nd_last_column(data->node));
+
+    return str;
+}
+
+#include "ast.rbinc"
+
+void
+Init_ast(void)
+{
+    rb_mAST = rb_define_module_under(rb_cRubyVM, "AbstractSyntaxTree");
+    rb_cNode = rb_define_class_under(rb_mAST, "Node", rb_cObject);
+    rb_undef_alloc_func(rb_cNode);
+}
diff --git a/ast.rb b/ast.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34fa645671
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ast.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+# for ast.c
+
+class RubyVM
+
+  # AbstractSyntaxTree provides methods to parse Ruby code into
+  # abstract syntax trees. The nodes in the tree
+  # are instances of RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node.
+  #
+  # This module is MRI specific as it exposes implementation details
+  # of the MRI abstract syntax tree.
+  #
+  # This module is experimental and its API is not stable, therefore it might
+  # change without notice. As examples, the order of children nodes is not
+  # guaranteed, the number of children nodes might change, there is no way to
+  # access children nodes by name, etc.
+  #
+  # If you are looking for a stable API or an API working under multiple Ruby
+  # implementations, consider using the _parser_ gem or Ripper. If you would
+  # like to make RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree stable, please join the discussion
+  # at https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14844.
+  #
+  module AbstractSyntaxTree
+
+    #  call-seq:
+    #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse(string) -> RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node
+    #
+    #  Parses the given _string_ into an abstract syntax tree,
+    #  returning the root node of that tree.
+    #
+    #  SyntaxError is raised if the given _string_ is invalid syntax.
+    #
+    #    RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse("x = 1 + 2")
+    #    # => #<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:SCOPE@1:0-1:9>
+    def self.parse string
+      Primitive.ast_s_parse string
+    end
+
+    #  call-seq:
+    #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse_file(pathname) -> RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node
+    #
+    #   Reads the file from _pathname_, then parses it like ::parse,
+    #   returning the root node of the abstract syntax tree.
+    #
+    #   SyntaxError is raised if _pathname_'s contents are not
+    #   valid Ruby syntax.
+    #
+    #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse_file("my-app/app.rb")
+    #     # => #<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:SCOPE@1:0-31:3>
+    def self.parse_file pathname
+      Primitive.ast_s_parse_file pathname
+    end
+
+    #  call-seq:
+    #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.of(proc)   -> RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node
+    #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.of(method) -> RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node
+    #
+    #   Returns AST nodes of the given _proc_ or _method_.
+    #
+    #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.of(proc {1 + 2})
+    #     # => #<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:SCOPE@1:35-1:42>
+    #
+    #     def hello
+    #       puts "hello, world"
+    #     end
+    #
+    #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.of(method(:hello))
+    #     # => #<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:SCOPE@1:0-3:3>
+    def self.of body
+      Primitive.ast_s_of body
+    end
+
+    # RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node instances are created by parse methods in
+    # RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.
+    #
+    # This class is MRI specific.
+    #
+    class Node
+
+      #  call-seq:
+      #     node.type -> symbol
+      #
+      #  Returns the type of this node as a symbol.
+      #
+      #    root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse("x = 1 + 2")
+      #    root.type # => :SCOPE
+      #    lasgn = root.children[2]
+      #    lasgn.type # => :LASGN
+      #    call = lasgn.children[1]
+      #    call.type # => :OPCALL
+      def type
+        Primitive.ast_node_type
+      end
+
+      #  call-seq:
+      #     node.first_lineno -> integer
+      #
+      #  The line number in the source code where this AST's text began.
+      def first_lineno
+        Primitive.ast_node_first_lineno
+      end
+
+      #  call-seq:
+      #     node.first_column -> integer
+      #
+      #  The column number in the source code where this AST's text began.
+      def first_column
+        Primitive.ast_node_first_column
+      end
+
+      #  call-seq:
+      #     node.last_lineno -> integer
+      #
+      #  The line number in the source code where this AST's text ended.
+      def last_lineno
+        Primitive.ast_node_last_lineno
+      end
+
+      #  call-seq:
+      #     node.last_column -> integer
+      #
+      #  The column number in the source code where this AST's text ended.
+      def last_column
+        Primitive.ast_node_last_column
+      end
+
+      #  call-seq:
+      #     node.children -> array
+      #
+      #  Returns AST nodes under this one.  Each kind of node
+      #  has different children, depending on what kind of node it is.
+      #
+      #  The returned array may contain other nodes or <code>nil</code>.
+      def children
+        Primitive.ast_node_children
+      end
+
+      #  call-seq:
+      #     node.inspect -> string
+      #
+      #  Returns debugging information about this node as a string.
+      def inspect
+        Primitive.ast_node_inspect
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/autogen.sh b/autogen.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..44a1922cb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/autogen.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+PWD=
+case "$0" in
+*/*) srcdir=`dirname $0`;;
+*) srcdir="";;
+esac
+
+exec ${AUTORECONF:-autoreconf} --install --symlink "$@" ${srcdir:+"$srcdir"}
diff --git a/basictest/runner.rb b/basictest/runner.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0f398e7acc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basictest/runner.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#! ./miniruby
+
+exit if defined?(CROSS_COMPILING) and CROSS_COMPILING
+ruby = ENV["RUBY"]
+unless ruby
+  load './rbconfig.rb'
+  ruby = "./#{RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_install_name']}#{RbConfig::CONFIG['EXEEXT']}"
+end
+unless File.exist? ruby
+  print "#{ruby} is not found.\n"
+  print "Try `make' first, then `make test', please.\n"
+  exit false
+end
+ARGV[0] and opt = ARGV[0][/\A--run-opt=(.*)/, 1] and ARGV.shift
+
+$stderr.reopen($stdout)
+error = ''
+
+srcdir = File.expand_path('..', File.dirname(__FILE__))
+if env = ENV["RUBYOPT"]
+  ENV["RUBYOPT"] = env + " -W1"
+end
+`#{ruby} #{opt} -W1 #{srcdir}/basictest/test.rb #{ARGV.join(' ')}`.each_line do |line|
+  if line =~ /^end of test/
+    print "\ntest succeeded\n"
+    exit true
+  end
+  error << line if %r:^(basictest/test.rb|not): =~ line
+end
+puts
+print error
+print "test failed\n"
+exit false
diff --git a/basictest/test.rb b/basictest/test.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..52008b78db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basictest/test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2364 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env ruby
+# -*- coding: us-ascii -*-
+
+$testnum=0
+$ntest=0
+$failed = 0
+class Progress
+  def initialize
+    @color = nil
+    @tty = nil
+    @quiet = nil
+    @verbose = nil
+    ARGV.each do |arg|
+      case arg
+      when /\A--color(?:=(?:always|(auto)|(never)|(.*)))?\z/
+        warn "unknown --color argument: #$3" if $3
+        @color = $1 ? nil : !$2
+      when /\A--tty(=(?:yes|(no)|(.*)))?\z/
+        warn "unknown --tty argument: #$3" if $3
+        @tty = !$1 || !$2
+        true
+      when /\A-(q|-quiet)\z/
+        @quiet = true
+      when /\A-(v|-verbose)\z/
+        @verbose = true
+      end
+    end
+    @tty = STDERR.tty? && !STDOUT.tty? && /dumb/ !~ ENV["TERM"] if @tty.nil?
+    @eol = @tty && !@verbose ? "\r\e[K\r" : "\n"
+    case @color
+    when nil
+      @color = @tty
+    end
+    if @color
+      # dircolors-like style
+      colors = (colors = ENV['TEST_COLORS']) ? Hash[colors.scan(/(\w+)=([^:\n]*)/)] : {}
+      begin
+        File.read(File.join(__dir__, "../tool/colors")).scan(/(\w+)=([^:\n]*)/) do |n, c|
+          colors[n] ||= c
+        end
+      rescue
+      end
+      @passed = "\e[;#{colors["pass"] || "32"}m"
+      @failed = "\e[;#{colors["fail"] || "31"}m"
+      @reset = "\e[m"
+    else
+      @passed = @failed = @reset = ""
+    end
+    extend(Rotator) if @tty
+  end
+
+  def passed_string
+    "."
+  end
+  def failed_string
+    "#{@failed}F#{@reset}"
+  end
+  def init_string
+  end
+  def finish_string
+    if @quiet
+      @eol
+    else
+      "#{@passed}#{@ok ? 'OK' : ''} #{$testnum}#{@reset}#{@eol}"
+    end
+  end
+  def pass
+    STDERR.print passed_string
+  end
+  def fail
+    @ok = false
+    STDERR.print failed_string
+  end
+  def init
+    @ok = true
+    STDERR.print init_string
+  end
+  def finish
+    STDERR.print finish_string
+  end
+
+  module Rotator
+    ROTATOR = %w[- \\ | /]
+    BS = "\b" * ROTATOR[0].size
+    def passed_string
+      "#{BS}#{ROTATOR[(@count += 1) % ROTATOR.size]}"
+    end
+    def failed_string
+      "#{BS}#{super}#{ROTATOR[@count % ROTATOR.size]}"
+    end
+    def init_string
+      @count = 0
+      " "
+    end
+    def finish_string
+      s = "#{BS}#{' ' * BS.size}#{BS}#{super}"
+      s.gsub!(/\n/, "\r\e[2K\r") if @quiet
+      s
+    end
+  end
+end
+PROGRESS = Progress.new
+
+def test_check(what)
+  unless $ntest.zero?
+    PROGRESS.finish
+  end
+  STDERR.print "#{$0}:#{what} "
+  PROGRESS.init
+  $what = what
+  $testnum = 0
+end
+
+def test_ok(cond,n=1)
+  $testnum+=1
+  $ntest+=1
+  where = (st = caller(n)) ? st[0] : "caller error! (n=#{n}, trace=#{caller(0).join(', ')}"
+  if cond
+    PROGRESS.pass
+    printf "ok %d (%s)\n", $testnum, where
+  else
+    PROGRESS.fail
+    printf "not ok %s %d -- %s\n", $what, $testnum, where
+    $failed+=1
+  end
+  STDOUT.flush
+  STDERR.flush
+end
+
+# make sure conditional operators work
+
+test_check "assignment"
+
+a=[]; a[0] ||= "bar";
+test_ok(a[0] == "bar")
+h={}; h["foo"] ||= "bar";
+test_ok(h["foo"] == "bar")
+
+aa = 5
+aa ||= 25
+test_ok(aa == 5)
+bb ||= 25
+test_ok(bb == 25)
+cc &&=33
+test_ok(cc == nil)
+cc = 5
+cc &&=44
+test_ok(cc == 44)
+
+a = nil; test_ok(a == nil)
+a = 1; test_ok(a == 1)
+a = []; test_ok(a == [])
+a = [1]; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = [nil]; test_ok(a == [nil])
+a = [[]]; test_ok(a == [[]])
+a = [1,2]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+a = [*[]]; test_ok(a == [])
+a = [*[1]]; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = [*[1,2]]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+a = *[]; test_ok(a == [])
+a = *[1]; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = *[nil]; test_ok(a == [nil])
+a = *[[]]; test_ok(a == [[]])
+a = *[1,2]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+a = *[*[]]; test_ok(a == [])
+a = *[*[1]]; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = *[*[1,2]]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+a, = nil; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = 1; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = []; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = [1]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = [nil]; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = [[]]; test_ok(a == [])
+a, = 1,2; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = [1,2]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = [*[]]; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = [*[1]]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = *[1,2]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = [*[1,2]]; test_ok(a == 1)
+
+a, = *[]; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = *[1]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = *[nil]; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = *[[]]; test_ok(a == [])
+a, = *[1,2]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = *[*[]]; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = *[*[1]]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = *[*[1,2]]; test_ok(a == 1)
+
+*a = nil; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = 1; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = []; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = [1]; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = [nil]; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = [[]]; test_ok(a == [[]])
+*a = [1,2]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+*a = [*[]]; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = [*[1]]; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = [*[1,2]]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+*a = *[]; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = *[1]; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = *[nil]; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = *[[]]; test_ok(a == [[]])
+*a = *[1,2]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+*a = *[*[]]; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = *[*[1]]; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = *[*[1,2]]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+a,b,*c = nil; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = 1; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = []; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = [1]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = [nil]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = [[]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = [1,2]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+a,b,*c = [*[]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = [*[1]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = [*[1,2]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+
+a,b,*c = *[]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[1]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[nil]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[[]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[1,2]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[*[]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[*[1]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[*[1,2]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+
+def f; yield nil; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield 1; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield []; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield [1]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [1])}
+def f; yield [nil]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [nil])}
+def f; yield [[]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [[]])}
+def f; yield [*[]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield [*[1]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [1])}
+def f; yield [*[1,2]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [1,2])}
+def f; yield *[]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[1]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield *[nil]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[[]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield *[*[]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[*[1]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield *[*[1,2]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == 1)}
+
+def f; yield; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield nil; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield 1; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield []; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield [1]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield [nil]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield [[]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield [*[]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield [*[1]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield [*[1,2]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+
+def f; yield *[]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[1]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield *[nil]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[[]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[*[]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[*[1]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield *[*[1,2]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+
+def f; yield; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield nil; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [nil])}
+def f; yield 1; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [1])}
+def f; yield []; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[]])}
+def f; yield [1]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[1]])}
+def f; yield [nil]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[nil]])}
+def f; yield [[]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[[]]])}
+def f; yield [1,2]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[1,2]])}
+def f; yield [*[]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[]])}
+def f; yield [*[1]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[1]])}
+def f; yield [*[1,2]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[1,2]])}
+
+def f; yield *[]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield *[1]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [1])}
+def f; yield *[nil]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [nil])}
+def f; yield *[[]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[]])}
+def f; yield *[*[]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield *[*[1]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [1])}
+def f; yield *[*[1,2]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [1,2])}
+
+def f; yield; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield nil; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield 1; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield []; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield [1]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield [nil]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield [[]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])}
+def f; yield [*[]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield [*[1]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield [*[1,2]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])}
+
+def f; yield *[]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield *[1]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield *[nil]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield *[[]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield *[*[]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield *[*[1]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield *[*[1,2]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])}
+
+def r; return; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == nil)
+def r; return nil; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == nil)
+def r; return 1; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == 1)
+def r; return []; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return [1]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return [nil]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [nil])
+def r; return [[]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [[]])
+def r; return [*[]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return [*[1]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return [*[1,2]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+def r; return *[]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return *[1]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return *[nil]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [nil])
+def r; return *[[]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [[]])
+def r; return *[*[]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return *[*[1]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return *[*[1,2]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+def r; return *[[]]; end; a = *r(); test_ok(a == [[]])
+def r; return *[*[1,2]]; end; a = *r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+def r; return; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [nil])
+def r; return nil; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [nil])
+def r; return 1; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return []; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return [1]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return [nil]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [nil])
+def r; return [[]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [[]])
+def r; return [1,2]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+def r; return [*[]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return [*[1]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return [*[1,2]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+def r; return *[]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return *[1]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return *[nil]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [nil])
+def r; return *[[]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [[]])
+def r; return *[1,2]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+def r; return *[*[]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return *[*[1]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return *[*[1,2]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+def r; return *[[]]; end; *a = *r(); test_ok(a == [[]])
+def r; return *[1,2]; end; *a = *r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+def r; return *[*[1,2]]; end; *a = *r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+def r; return; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return nil; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return 1; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+def r; return []; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return [1]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+def r; return [nil]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return [[]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])
+def r; return [1,2]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+def r; return [*[]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return [*[1]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+def r; return [*[1,2]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+
+def r; return *[]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return *[1]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+def r; return *[nil]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return *[[]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])
+def r; return *[1,2]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+def r; return *[*[]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return *[*[1]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+def r; return *[*[1,2]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+
+f = lambda {|r,| test_ok([] == r)}
+f.call([], *[])
+
+f = lambda {|r,*l| test_ok([] == r); test_ok([1] == l)}
+f.call([], *[1])
+
+f = lambda{|x| x}
+test_ok(f.call(42) == 42)
+test_ok(f.call([42]) == [42])
+test_ok(f.call([[42]]) == [[42]])
+test_ok(f.call([42,55]) == [42,55])
+
+f = lambda{|x,| x}
+test_ok(f.call(42) == 42)
+test_ok(f.call([42]) == [42])
+test_ok(f.call([[42]]) == [[42]])
+test_ok(f.call([42,55]) == [42,55])
+
+f = lambda{|*x| x}
+test_ok(f.call(42) == [42])
+test_ok(f.call([42]) == [[42]])
+test_ok(f.call([[42]]) == [[[42]]])
+test_ok(f.call([42,55]) == [[42,55]])
+test_ok(f.call(42,55) == [42,55])
+
+f = lambda { |a, b=42, *c| [a,b,c] }
+test_ok(f.call(1      ) == [1,42,[  ]] )
+test_ok(f.call(1,43   ) == [1,43,[  ]] )
+test_ok(f.call(1,43,44) == [1,43,[44]] )
+
+f = lambda { |a, b=(a|16), *c, &block| [a,b,c,block&&block[]] }
+test_ok(f.call(8      )     == [8,24,[  ],nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43   )     == [8,43,[  ],nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43,44)     == [8,43,[44],nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(8      ){45} == [8,24,[  ],45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43   ){45} == [8,43,[  ],45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43,44){45} == [8,43,[44],45 ] )
+
+f = lambda { |a, b=42, *c, d| [a,b,c,d] }
+test_ok(f.call(1      ,99) == [1,42,[  ],99] )
+test_ok(f.call(1,43   ,99) == [1,43,[  ],99] )
+test_ok(f.call(1,43,44,99) == [1,43,[44],99] )
+
+f = lambda { |a, b=(a|16), &block| [a,b,block&&block[]] }
+test_ok(f.call(8   )     == [8,24,nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43)     == [8,43,nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43)     == [8,43,nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(8   ){45} == [8,24,45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43){45} == [8,43,45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43){45} == [8,43,45 ] )
+
+f = lambda { |a, b=42, d| [a,b,d] }
+test_ok(f.call(1   ,99) == [1,42,99] )
+test_ok(f.call(1,43,99) == [1,43,99] )
+test_ok(f.call(1,43,99) == [1,43,99] )
+
+f = lambda { |b=42, *c, &block| [b,c,block&&block[]] }
+test_ok(f.call(     )     == [42,[  ],nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(43   )     == [43,[  ],nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(43,44)     == [43,[44],nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(     ){45} == [42,[  ],45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(43   ){45} == [43,[  ],45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(43,44){45} == [43,[44],45 ] )
+
+f = lambda { |b=42, *c, d| [b,c,d] }
+test_ok(f.call(      99) == [42,[  ],99] )
+test_ok(f.call(43   ,99) == [43,[  ],99] )
+test_ok(f.call(43,44,99) == [43,[44],99] )
+
+f = lambda { |b=42, &block| [b,block&&block[]] }
+test_ok(f.call(  )     == [42,nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(43)     == [43,nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(43)     == [43,nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(  ){45} == [42,45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(43){45} == [43,45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(43){45} == [43,45 ] )
+
+f = lambda { |b=42, d| [b,d] }
+test_ok(f.call(   99) == [42,99] )
+test_ok(f.call(43,99) == [43,99] )
+test_ok(f.call(43,99) == [43,99] )
+
+
+a,=*[1]
+test_ok(a == 1)
+a,=*[[1]]
+test_ok(a == [1])
+a,=*[[[1]]]
+test_ok(a == [[1]])
+
+x, (y, z) = 1, 2, 3
+test_ok([1,2,nil] == [x,y,z])
+x, (y, z) = 1, [2,3]
+test_ok([1,2,3] == [x,y,z])
+x, (y, z) = 1, [2]
+test_ok([1,2,nil] == [x,y,z])
+
+a = loop do break; end; test_ok(a == nil)
+a = loop do break nil; end; test_ok(a == nil)
+a = loop do break 1; end; test_ok(a == 1)
+a = loop do break []; end; test_ok(a == [])
+a = loop do break [1]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = loop do break [nil]; end; test_ok(a == [nil])
+a = loop do break [[]]; end; test_ok(a == [[]])
+a = loop do break [*[]]; end; test_ok(a == [])
+a = loop do break [*[1]]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = loop do break [*[1,2]]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+a = loop do break *[]; end; test_ok(a == [])
+a = loop do break *[1]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = loop do break *[nil]; end; test_ok(a == [nil])
+a = loop do break *[[]]; end; test_ok(a == [[]])
+a = loop do break *[*[]]; end; test_ok(a == [])
+a = loop do break *[*[1]]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = loop do break *[*[1,2]]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+*a = loop do break; end; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = loop do break nil; end; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = loop do break 1; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = loop do break []; end; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = loop do break [1]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = loop do break [nil]; end; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = loop do break [[]]; end; test_ok(a == [[]])
+*a = loop do break [1,2]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+*a = loop do break [*[]]; end; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = loop do break [*[1]]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = loop do break [*[1,2]]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+*a = loop do break *[]; end; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = loop do break *[1]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = loop do break *[nil]; end; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = loop do break *[[]]; end; test_ok(a == [[]])
+*a = loop do break *[1,2]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+*a = loop do break *[*[]]; end; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = loop do break *[*[1]]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = loop do break *[*[1,2]]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+*a = *loop do break *[[]]; end; test_ok(a == [[]])
+*a = *loop do break *[1,2]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+*a = *loop do break *[*[1,2]]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+a,b,*c = loop do break; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break nil; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break 1; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break []; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [1]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [nil]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [[]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [1,2]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [*[]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [*[1]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [*[1,2]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[1]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[nil]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[[]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[1,2]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[*[]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[*[1]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[*[1,2]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+
+def r(val); a = yield(); test_ok(a == val, 2); end
+r(nil){next}
+r(nil){next nil}
+r(1){next 1}
+r([]){next []}
+r([1]){next [1]}
+r([nil]){next [nil]}
+r([[]]){next [[]]}
+r([]){next [*[]]}
+r([1]){next [*[1]]}
+r([1,2]){next [*[1,2]]}
+
+r([]){next *[]}
+r([1]){next *[1]}
+r([nil]){next *[nil]}
+r([[]]){next *[[]]}
+r([]){next *[*[]]}
+r([1]){next *[*[1]]}
+r([1,2]){next *[*[1,2]]}
+
+def r(val); *a = yield(); test_ok(a == val, 2); end
+r([nil]){next}
+r([nil]){next nil}
+r([1]){next 1}
+r([]){next []}
+r([1]){next [1]}
+r([nil]){next [nil]}
+r([[]]){next [[]]}
+r([1,2]){next [1,2]}
+r([]){next [*[]]}
+r([1]){next [*[1]]}
+r([1,2]){next [*[1,2]]}
+
+def r(val); *a = *yield(); test_ok(a == val, 2); end
+r([[]]){next *[[]]}
+r([1,2]){next *[1,2]}
+r([1,2]){next *[*[1,2]]}
+
+def r(val); a,b,*c = yield(); test_ok([a,b,c] == val, 2); end
+r([nil,nil,[]]){next}
+r([nil,nil,[]]){next nil}
+r([1,nil,[]]){next 1}
+r([nil,nil,[]]){next []}
+r([1,nil,[]]){next [1]}
+r([nil,nil,[]]){next [nil]}
+r([[],nil,[]]){next [[]]}
+r([1,2,[]]){next [1,2]}
+r([nil,nil,[]]){next [*[]]}
+r([1,nil,[]]){next [*[1]]}
+r([1,2,[]]){next [*[1,2]]}
+
+def r(val); a,b,*c = *yield(); test_ok([a,b,c] == val, 2); end
+r([[],nil,[]]){next *[[]]}
+r([1,2,[]]){next *[1,2]}
+r([1,2,[]]){next *[*[1,2]]}
+
+test_check "condition"
+
+$x = '0';
+
+$x == $x && test_ok(true)
+$x != $x && test_ok(false)
+$x == $x || test_ok(false)
+$x != $x || test_ok(true)
+
+# first test to see if we can run the tests.
+
+test_check "if/unless";
+
+$x = 'test';
+test_ok(if $x == $x then true else false end)
+$bad = false
+unless $x == $x
+  $bad = true
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+test_ok(unless $x != $x then true else false end)
+
+test_check "case"
+
+case 5
+when 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8
+  test_ok(false)
+when 5
+  test_ok(true)
+end
+
+case 5
+when 5
+  test_ok(true)
+when 1..10
+  test_ok(false)
+end
+
+case 5
+when 1..10
+  test_ok(true)
+else
+  test_ok(false)
+end
+
+case 5
+when 5
+  test_ok(true)
+else
+  test_ok(false)
+end
+
+case "foobar"
+when /^f.*r$/
+  test_ok(true)
+else
+  test_ok(false)
+end
+
+test_check "while/until";
+
+while_tmp = "while_tmp.#{$$}"
+tmp = open(while_tmp, "w")
+tmp.print "tvi925\n";
+tmp.print "tvi920\n";
+tmp.print "vt100\n";
+tmp.print "Amiga\n";
+tmp.print "paper\n";
+tmp.close
+
+# test break
+
+tmp = open(while_tmp, "r")
+test_ok(tmp.kind_of?(File))
+
+while line = tmp.gets()
+  break if /vt100/ =~ line
+end
+
+test_ok(!tmp.eof? && /vt100/ =~ line)
+tmp.close
+
+# test next
+$bad = false
+tmp = open(while_tmp, "r")
+while line = tmp.gets()
+  next if /vt100/ =~ line
+  $bad = 1 if /vt100/ =~ line
+end
+test_ok(!(!tmp.eof? || /vt100/ =~ line || $bad))
+tmp.close
+
+# test redo
+$bad = false
+tmp = open(while_tmp, "r")
+while line = tmp.gets()
+  lastline = line
+  line = line.gsub(/vt100/, 'VT100')
+  if lastline != line
+    line.gsub!('VT100', 'Vt100')
+    redo
+  end
+  $bad = 1 if /vt100/ =~ line
+  $bad = 1 if /VT100/ =~ line
+end
+test_ok(tmp.eof? && !$bad)
+tmp.close
+
+sum=0
+for i in 1..10
+  sum += i
+  i -= 1
+  if i > 0
+    redo
+  end
+end
+test_ok(sum == 220)
+
+# test interval
+$bad = false
+tmp = open(while_tmp, "r")
+while line = tmp.gets()
+  break if 3
+  case line
+  when /vt100/, /Amiga/, /paper/
+    $bad = true
+  end
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+tmp.close
+
+File.unlink while_tmp or `/bin/rm -f "#{while_tmp}"`
+test_ok(!File.exist?(while_tmp))
+
+i = 0
+until i>4
+  i+=1
+end
+test_ok(i>4)
+
+
+# exception handling
+test_check "exception";
+
+begin
+  raise "this must be handled"
+  test_ok(false)
+rescue
+  test_ok(true)
+end
+
+$bad = true
+begin
+  raise "this must be handled no.2"
+rescue
+  if $bad
+    $bad = false
+    retry
+    test_ok(false)
+  end
+end
+test_ok(true)
+
+# exception in rescue clause
+$string = "this must be handled no.3"
+begin
+  begin
+    raise "exception in rescue clause"
+  rescue
+    raise $string
+  end
+  test_ok(false)
+rescue => e
+  test_ok($! == e)
+  test_ok(e.message == $string)
+  test_ok(e != $string)
+end
+
+# exception in ensure clause
+begin
+  begin
+    raise "this must be handled no.4"
+  ensure
+    raise "exception in ensure clause"
+  end
+  test_ok(false)
+rescue
+  test_ok(true)
+end
+
+$bad = true
+begin
+  begin
+    raise "this must be handled no.5"
+  ensure
+    $bad = false
+  end
+rescue
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+$bad = true
+begin
+  begin
+    raise "this must be handled no.6"
+  ensure
+    $bad = false
+  end
+rescue
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+$bad = true
+while true
+  begin
+    break
+  ensure
+    $bad = false
+  end
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+test_ok(catch(:foo) {
+     loop do
+       loop do
+	 throw :foo, true
+	 break
+       end
+       break
+       test_ok(false)			# should not reach here
+     end
+     false
+   })
+
+test_check "array"
+test_ok([1, 2] + [3, 4] == [1, 2, 3, 4])
+test_ok([1, 2] * 2 == [1, 2, 1, 2])
+test_ok([1, 2] * ":" == "1:2")
+
+test_ok([1, 2].hash == [1, 2].hash)
+
+test_ok([1,2,3] & [2,3,4] == [2,3])
+test_ok([1,2,3] | [2,3,4] == [1,2,3,4])
+test_ok([1,2,3] - [2,3] == [1])
+
+$x = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+test_ok($x[2] == 2)
+test_ok($x[1..3] == [1, 2, 3])
+test_ok($x[1,3] == [1, 2, 3])
+
+$x[0, 2] = 10
+test_ok($x[0] == 10 && $x[1] == 2)
+
+$x[0, 0] = -1
+test_ok($x[0] == -1 && $x[1] == 10)
+
+$x[-1, 1] = 20
+test_ok($x[-1] == 20 && $x.pop == 20)
+
+# array and/or
+test_ok(([1,2,3]&[2,4,6]) == [2])
+test_ok(([1,2,3]|[2,4,6]) == [1,2,3,4,6])
+
+# compact
+$x = [nil, 1, nil, nil, 5, nil, nil]
+$x.compact!
+test_ok($x == [1, 5])
+
+# uniq
+$x = [1, 1, 4, 2, 5, 4, 5, 1, 2]
+$x.uniq!
+test_ok($x == [1, 4, 2, 5])
+
+# empty?
+test_ok(!$x.empty?)
+$x = []
+test_ok($x.empty?)
+
+# sort
+$x = ["it", "came", "to", "pass", "that", "..."]
+$x = $x.sort.join(" ")
+test_ok($x == "... came it pass that to")
+$x = [2,5,3,1,7]
+$x.sort!{|a,b| a<=>b}		# sort with condition
+test_ok($x == [1,2,3,5,7])
+$x.sort!{|a,b| b-a}		# reverse sort
+test_ok($x == [7,5,3,2,1])
+
+# split test
+$x = "The Book of Mormon"
+test_ok($x.split(//).reverse!.join == $x.reverse)
+test_ok($x.reverse == $x.reverse!)
+test_ok("1 byte string".split(//).reverse.join(":") == "g:n:i:r:t:s: :e:t:y:b: :1")
+$x = "a b c  d"
+test_ok($x.split == ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
+test_ok($x.split(' ') == ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
+test_ok(defined? "a".chomp)
+test_ok("abc".scan(/./) == ["a", "b", "c"])
+test_ok("1a2b3c".scan(/(\d.)/) == [["1a"], ["2b"], ["3c"]])
+# non-greedy match
+test_ok("a=12;b=22".scan(/(.*?)=(\d*);?/) == [["a", "12"], ["b", "22"]])
+
+$x = [1]
+test_ok(($x * 5).join(":") == '1:1:1:1:1')
+test_ok(($x * 1).join(":") == '1')
+test_ok(($x * 0).join(":") == '')
+
+*$x = *(1..7).to_a
+test_ok($x.size == 7)
+test_ok($x == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
+
+$x = [1,2,3]
+$x[1,0] = $x
+test_ok($x == [1,1,2,3,2,3])
+
+$x = [1,2,3]
+$x[-1,0] = $x
+test_ok($x == [1,2,1,2,3,3])
+
+$x = [1,2,3]
+$x.concat($x)
+test_ok($x == [1,2,3,1,2,3])
+
+test_check "hash"
+$x = {1=>2, 2=>4, 3=>6}
+
+test_ok($x[1] == 2)
+
+test_ok(begin
+     for k,v in $x
+       raise if k*2 != v
+     end
+     true
+   rescue
+     false
+   end)
+
+test_ok($x.length == 3)
+test_ok($x.has_key?(1))
+test_ok($x.has_value?(4))
+test_ok($x.values_at(2,3) == [4,6])
+test_ok($x == {1=>2, 2=>4, 3=>6})
+
+$z = $x.keys.sort.join(":")
+test_ok($z == "1:2:3")
+
+$z = $x.values.sort.join(":")
+test_ok($z == "2:4:6")
+test_ok($x == $x)
+
+$x.shift
+test_ok($x.length == 2)
+
+$z = [1,2]
+$x[$z] = 256
+test_ok($x[$z] == 256)
+
+$x = Hash.new(0)
+$x[1] = 1
+test_ok($x[1] == 1)
+test_ok($x[2] == 0)
+
+$x = Hash.new([])
+test_ok($x[22] == [])
+test_ok($x[22].equal?($x[22]))
+
+$x = Hash.new{[]}
+test_ok($x[22] == [])
+test_ok(!$x[22].equal?($x[22]))
+
+$x = Hash.new{|h,k| $z = k; h[k] = k*2}
+$z = 0
+test_ok($x[22] == 44)
+test_ok($z == 22)
+$z = 0
+test_ok($x[22] == 44)
+test_ok($z == 0)
+$x.default = 5
+test_ok($x[23] == 5)
+
+$x = Hash.new
+def $x.default(k)
+  $z = k
+  self[k] = k*2
+end
+$z = 0
+test_ok($x[22] == 44)
+test_ok($z == 22)
+$z = 0
+test_ok($x[22] == 44)
+test_ok($z == 0)
+
+test_check "iterator"
+
+# yield at top level
+test_ok(!defined?(yield))
+
+$x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
+$y = []
+
+# iterator over array
+for i in $x
+  $y.push i
+end
+test_ok($x == $y)
+
+# nested iterator
+def tt
+  1.upto(10) {|i|
+    yield i
+  }
+end
+
+i=0
+tt{|i| break if i == 5}
+test_ok(i == 0)
+
+def tt2(dummy)
+  yield 1
+end
+
+def tt3(&block)
+  tt2(raise(ArgumentError,""),&block)
+end
+
+$x = false
+begin
+  tt3{}
+rescue ArgumentError
+  $x = true
+rescue Exception
+end
+test_ok($x)
+
+def tt4 &block
+  tt2(raise(ArgumentError,""),&block)
+end
+$x = false
+begin
+  tt4{}
+rescue ArgumentError
+  $x = true
+rescue Exception
+end
+test_ok($x)
+
+# iterator break/redo/next/retry
+done = true
+loop{
+  break
+  done = false			# should not reach here
+}
+test_ok(done)
+
+done = false
+$bad = false
+loop {
+  break if done
+  done = true
+  next
+  $bad = true			# should not reach here
+}
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+done = false
+$bad = false
+loop {
+  break if done
+  done = true
+  redo
+  $bad = true			# should not reach here
+}
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+$x = []
+for i in 1 .. 7
+  $x.push i
+end
+test_ok($x.size == 7)
+test_ok($x == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
+
+# append method to built-in class
+class Array
+  def iter_test1
+    collect{|e| [e, yield(e)]}.sort{|a,b|a[1]<=>b[1]}
+  end
+  def iter_test2
+    a = collect{|e| [e, yield(e)]}
+    a.sort{|a,b|a[1]<=>b[1]}
+  end
+end
+$x = [[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]]
+test_ok($x.iter_test1{|x|x} == $x.iter_test2{|x|x})
+
+class IterTest
+  def initialize(e); @body = e; end
+
+  def each0(&block); @body.each(&block); end
+  def each1(&block); @body.each {|*x| block.call(*x) } end
+  def each2(&block); @body.each {|*x| block.call(x) } end
+  def each3(&block); @body.each {|x| block.call(*x) } end
+  def each4(&block); @body.each {|x| block.call(x) } end
+  def each5; @body.each {|*x| yield(*x) } end
+  def each6; @body.each {|*x| yield(x) } end
+  def each7; @body.each {|x| yield(*x) } end
+  def each8; @body.each {|x| yield(x) } end
+
+  def f(a)
+    a
+  end
+end
+test_ok(IterTest.new(nil).method(:f).to_proc.call([1]) == [1])
+m = /\w+/.match("abc")
+test_ok(IterTest.new(nil).method(:f).to_proc.call([m]) == [m])
+
+IterTest.new([0]).each0 {|x| test_ok(x == 0)}
+IterTest.new([1]).each1 {|x| test_ok(x == 1)}
+IterTest.new([2]).each2 {|x| test_ok(x == [2])}
+#IterTest.new([3]).each3 {|x| test_ok(x == 3)}
+IterTest.new([4]).each4 {|x| test_ok(x == 4)}
+IterTest.new([5]).each5 {|x| test_ok(x == 5)}
+IterTest.new([6]).each6 {|x| test_ok(x == [6])}
+#IterTest.new([7]).each7 {|x| test_ok(x == 7)}
+IterTest.new([8]).each8 {|x| test_ok(x == 8)}
+
+IterTest.new([[0]]).each0 {|x| test_ok(x == [0])}
+IterTest.new([[1]]).each1 {|x| test_ok(x == [1])}
+IterTest.new([[2]]).each2 {|x| test_ok(x == [[2]])}
+IterTest.new([[3]]).each3 {|x| test_ok(x == 3)}
+IterTest.new([[4]]).each4 {|x| test_ok(x == [4])}
+IterTest.new([[5]]).each5 {|x| test_ok(x == [5])}
+IterTest.new([[6]]).each6 {|x| test_ok(x == [[6]])}
+IterTest.new([[7]]).each7 {|x| test_ok(x == 7)}
+IterTest.new([[8]]).each8 {|x| test_ok(x == [8])}
+
+IterTest.new([[0,0]]).each0 {|*x| test_ok(x == [[0,0]])}
+IterTest.new([[8,8]]).each8 {|*x| test_ok(x == [[8,8]])}
+
+def m0(v)
+  v
+end
+
+def m1
+  m0(block_given?)
+end
+test_ok(m1{p 'test'})
+test_ok(!m1)
+
+def m
+  m0(block_given?,&Proc.new{})
+end
+test_ok(m1{p 'test'})
+test_ok(!m1)
+
+class C
+  include Enumerable
+  def initialize
+    @a = [1,2,3]
+  end
+  def each(&block)
+    @a.each(&block)
+  end
+end
+
+test_ok(C.new.collect{|n| n} == [1,2,3])
+
+test_ok(Proc == lambda{}.class)
+test_ok(Proc == Proc.new{}.class)
+lambda{|a|test_ok(a==1)}.call(1)
+def block_test(klass, &block)
+  test_ok(klass === block)
+end
+
+block_test(NilClass)
+block_test(Proc){}
+
+def call_argument_test(state, proc, *args)
+  x = state
+  begin
+    proc.call(*args)
+  rescue ArgumentError
+    x = !x
+  end
+  test_ok(x,2)
+end
+
+call_argument_test(true, lambda{||})
+call_argument_test(false, lambda{||}, 1)
+call_argument_test(true, lambda{|a,|}, 1)
+call_argument_test(false, lambda{|a,|})
+call_argument_test(false, lambda{|a,|}, 1,2)
+
+call_argument_test(true, Proc.new{||})
+call_argument_test(true, Proc.new{||}, 1)
+call_argument_test(true, Proc.new{|a,|}, 1)
+call_argument_test(true, Proc.new{|a,|})
+call_argument_test(true, Proc.new{|a,|}, 1,2)
+
+def block_get(&block)
+  block
+end
+
+test_ok(Proc == block_get{}.class)
+call_argument_test(true, block_get{||})
+call_argument_test(true, block_get{||}, 1)
+call_argument_test(true, block_get{|a,|}, 1)
+call_argument_test(true, block_get{|a,|})
+call_argument_test(true, block_get{|a,|}, 1,2)
+
+call_argument_test(true, block_get(&lambda{||}))
+call_argument_test(false, block_get(&lambda{||}),1)
+call_argument_test(true, block_get(&lambda{|a,|}),1)
+call_argument_test(false, block_get(&lambda{|a,|}),1,2)
+
+blk = block_get{11}
+test_ok(blk.class == Proc)
+test_ok(blk.to_proc.class == Proc)
+test_ok(blk.clone.call == 11)
+test_ok(block_get(&blk).class == Proc)
+
+lmd = lambda{44}
+test_ok(lmd.class == Proc)
+test_ok(lmd.to_proc.class == Proc)
+test_ok(lmd.clone.call == 44)
+test_ok(block_get(&lmd).class == Proc)
+
+test_ok(Proc.new{|a,| a}.yield(1,2,3) == 1)
+call_argument_test(true, Proc.new{|a,|}, 1,2)
+
+test_ok(Proc.new{|&b| b.call(10)}.call {|x| x} == 10)
+test_ok(Proc.new{|a,&b| b.call(a)}.call(12) {|x| x} == 12)
+
+def test_return1
+  Proc.new {
+    return 55
+  }.yield + 5
+end
+test_ok(test_return1() == 55)
+def test_return2
+  lambda {
+    return 55
+  }.call + 5
+end
+test_ok(test_return2() == 60)
+
+def proc_call(&b)
+  b.call
+end
+def proc_yield()
+  yield
+end
+def proc_return1
+  lambda{return 42}.call+1
+end
+test_ok(proc_return1() == 43)
+def proc_return2
+  ->{return 42}.call+1
+end
+test_ok(proc_return2() == 43)
+def proc_return3
+  proc_call{return 42}+1
+end
+test_ok(proc_return3() == 42)
+def proc_return4
+  proc_yield{return 42}+1
+end
+test_ok(proc_return4() == 42)
+
+def ljump_test(state, proc, *args)
+  x = state
+  begin
+    proc.call(*args)
+  rescue LocalJumpError
+    x = !x
+  end
+  test_ok(x,2)
+end
+
+ljump_test(false, block_get{break})
+ljump_test(true, lambda{break})
+
+def exit_value_test(&block)
+  block.call
+rescue LocalJumpError
+  $!.exit_value
+end
+
+test_ok(45 == exit_value_test{break 45})
+
+test_ok(55 == begin
+              block_get{break 55}.call
+            rescue LocalJumpError
+              $!.exit_value
+            end)
+
+def block_call(&block)
+  block.call
+end
+
+def test_b1
+  block_call{break 11}
+end
+test_ok(test_b1() == 11)
+
+def ljump_rescue(r)
+  begin
+    yield
+  rescue LocalJumpError => e
+    r if /from proc-closure/ =~ e.message
+  end
+end
+
+def test_b2
+  ljump_rescue(22) do
+    block_get{break 21}.call
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b2() == 22)
+
+def test_b3
+  ljump_rescue(33) do
+    Proc.new{break 31}.yield
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b3() == 33)
+
+def test_b4
+  lambda{break 44}.call
+end
+test_ok(test_b4() == 44)
+
+def test_b5
+  ljump_rescue(55) do
+    b = block_get{break 54}
+    block_call(&b)
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b5() == 55)
+
+def test_b6
+  b = lambda{break 67}
+  block_call(&b)
+  66
+end
+test_ok(test_b6() == 66)
+
+def util_r7
+  block_get{break 78}
+end
+
+def test_b7
+  b = util_r7()
+  ljump_rescue(77) do
+    block_call(&b)
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b7() == 77)
+
+def util_b8(&block)
+  block_call(&block)
+end
+
+def test_b8
+  util_b8{break 88}
+end
+test_ok(test_b8() == 88)
+
+def util_b9(&block)
+  lambda{block.call; 98}.call
+end
+
+def test_b9
+  util_b9{break 99}
+end
+test_ok(test_b9() == 99)
+
+def util_b10
+  util_b9{break 100}
+end
+
+def test_b10
+  util_b10()
+end
+test_ok(test_b10() == 100)
+
+def test_b11
+  ljump_rescue(111) do
+    loop do
+      Proc.new{break 110}.yield
+      break 112
+    end
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b11() == 111)
+
+def test_b12
+  loop do
+    break lambda{break 122}.call
+    break 121
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b12() == 122)
+
+def test_b13
+  ljump_rescue(133) do
+    while true
+      Proc.new{break 130}.yield
+      break 131
+    end
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b13() == 133)
+
+def test_b14
+  while true
+    break lambda{break 144}.call
+    break 143
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b14() == 144)
+
+def test_b15
+  [0].each {|c| yield 1 }
+  156
+end
+test_ok(test_b15{|e| break 155 } == 155)
+
+def marity_test(m)
+  method = method(m)
+  test_ok(method.arity == method.to_proc.arity, 2)
+end
+marity_test(:test_ok)
+marity_test(:marity_test)
+marity_test(:p)
+
+class ITER_TEST1
+   def a
+     block_given?
+   end
+end
+
+class ITER_TEST2 < ITER_TEST1
+   def a
+     test_ok(super)
+     super
+   end
+end
+test_ok(ITER_TEST2.new.a {})
+
+class ITER_TEST3
+  def foo x
+    return yield if block_given?
+    x
+  end
+end
+
+class ITER_TEST4 < ITER_TEST3
+  def foo x
+    test_ok(super == yield)
+    test_ok(super(x, &nil) == x)
+  end
+end
+
+ITER_TEST4.new.foo(44){55}
+
+class ITER_TEST5
+   def tt(aa)
+     aa
+   end
+
+   def uu(a)
+      class << self
+         define_method(:tt) do |sym|
+            super(sym)
+         end
+      end
+   end
+
+   def xx(*x)
+     x.size
+   end
+end
+
+a = ITER_TEST5.new
+a.uu(12)
+test_ok(a.tt(1) == 1)
+
+class ITER_TEST6 < ITER_TEST5
+   def xx(*a)
+      a << 12
+      super
+   end
+end
+
+test_ok(ITER_TEST6.new.xx([24]) == 2)
+
+test_check "float"
+test_ok(2.6.floor == 2)
+test_ok((-2.6).floor == -3)
+test_ok(2.6.ceil == 3)
+test_ok((-2.6).ceil == -2)
+test_ok(2.6.truncate == 2)
+test_ok((-2.6).truncate == -2)
+test_ok(2.6.round == 3)
+test_ok((-2.4).truncate == -2)
+test_ok((13.4 % 1 - 0.4).abs < 0.0001)
+nan = 0.0/0
+def nan_test(x,y)
+  test_ok(x != y)
+  test_ok((x < y) == false)
+  test_ok((x > y) == false)
+  test_ok((x <= y) == false)
+  test_ok((x >= y) == false)
+end
+nan_test(nan, nan)
+nan_test(nan, 0)
+nan_test(nan, 1)
+nan_test(nan, -1)
+nan_test(nan, 1000)
+nan_test(nan, -1000)
+nan_test(nan, 1_000_000_000_000)
+nan_test(nan, -1_000_000_000_000)
+nan_test(nan, 100.0);
+nan_test(nan, -100.0);
+nan_test(nan, 0.001);
+nan_test(nan, -0.001);
+nan_test(nan, 1.0/0);
+nan_test(nan, -1.0/0);
+
+#s = "3.7517675036461267e+17"
+#test_ok(s == sprintf("%.16e", s.to_f))
+f = 3.7517675036461267e+17
+test_ok(f == sprintf("%.16e", f).to_f)
+
+
+test_check "bignum"
+def fact(n)
+  return 1 if n == 0
+  f = 1
+  while n>0
+    f *= n
+    n -= 1
+  end
+  return f
+end
+$x = fact(40)
+test_ok($x == $x)
+test_ok($x == fact(40))
+test_ok($x < $x+2)
+test_ok($x > $x-2)
+test_ok($x == 815915283247897734345611269596115894272000000000)
+test_ok($x != 815915283247897734345611269596115894272000000001)
+test_ok($x+1 == 815915283247897734345611269596115894272000000001)
+test_ok($x/fact(20) == 335367096786357081410764800000)
+$x = -$x
+test_ok($x == -815915283247897734345611269596115894272000000000)
+test_ok(2-(2**32) == -(2**32-2))
+test_ok(2**32 - 5 == (2**32-3)-2)
+
+$good = true;
+for i in 1000..1014
+  $good = false if ((1 << i) != (2**i))
+end
+test_ok($good)
+
+$good = true;
+n1= 1 << 1000
+for i in 1000..1014
+  $good = false if ((1 << i) != n1)
+  n1 *= 2
+end
+test_ok($good)
+
+$good = true;
+n2=n1
+for i in 1..10
+  n1 = n1 / 2
+  n2 = n2 >> 1
+  $good = false if (n1 != n2)
+end
+test_ok($good)
+
+$good = true;
+for i in 4000..4096
+  n1 = 1 << i;
+  if (n1**2-1) / (n1+1) != (n1-1)
+    $good = false
+  end
+end
+test_ok($good)
+
+b = 10**80
+a = b * 9 + 7
+test_ok(7 == a.modulo(b))
+test_ok(-b + 7 == a.modulo(-b))
+test_ok(b + -7 == (-a).modulo(b))
+test_ok(-7 == (-a).modulo(-b))
+test_ok(7 == a.remainder(b))
+test_ok(7 == a.remainder(-b))
+test_ok(-7 == (-a).remainder(b))
+test_ok(-7 == (-a).remainder(-b))
+
+test_ok(10**40+10**20 == 10000000000000000000100000000000000000000)
+test_ok(10**40/10**20 == 100000000000000000000)
+
+a = 677330545177305025495135714080
+b = 14269972710765292560
+test_ok(a % b == 0)
+test_ok(-a % b == 0)
+
+def shift_test(a)
+  b = a / (2 ** 32)
+  c = a >> 32
+  test_ok(b == c)
+
+  b = a * (2 ** 32)
+  c = a << 32
+  test_ok(b == c)
+end
+
+shift_test(-4518325415524767873)
+shift_test(-0xfffffffffffffffff)
+
+test_check "string & char"
+
+test_ok("abcd" == "abcd")
+test_ok("abcd" =~ /abcd/)
+test_ok("abcd" === "abcd")
+# compile time string concatenation
+test_ok("ab" "cd" == "abcd")
+test_ok("#{22}aa" "cd#{44}" == "22aacd44")
+test_ok("#{22}aa" "cd#{44}" "55" "#{66}" == "22aacd445566")
+test_ok("abc" !~ /^$/)
+test_ok("abc\n" !~ /^$/)
+test_ok("abc" !~ /^d*$/)
+test_ok(("abc" =~ /d*$/) == 3)
+test_ok("" =~ /^$/)
+test_ok("\n" =~ /^$/)
+test_ok("a\n\n" =~ /^$/)
+test_ok("abcabc" =~ /.*a/ && $& == "abca")
+test_ok("abcabc" =~ /.*c/ && $& == "abcabc")
+test_ok("abcabc" =~ /.*?a/ && $& == "a")
+test_ok("abcabc" =~ /.*?c/ && $& == "abc")
+test_ok(/(.|\n)*?\n(b|\n)/ =~ "a\nb\n\n" && $& == "a\nb")
+
+test_ok(/^(ab+)+b/ =~ "ababb" && $& == "ababb")
+test_ok(/^(?:ab+)+b/ =~ "ababb" && $& == "ababb")
+test_ok(/^(ab+)+/ =~ "ababb" && $& == "ababb")
+test_ok(/^(?:ab+)+/ =~ "ababb" && $& == "ababb")
+
+test_ok(/(\s+\d+){2}/ =~ " 1 2" && $& == " 1 2")
+test_ok(/(?:\s+\d+){2}/ =~ " 1 2" && $& == " 1 2")
+
+$x = <<END;
+ABCD
+ABCD
+END
+$x.gsub!(/((.|\n)*?)B((.|\n)*?)D/, '\1\3')
+test_ok($x == "AC\nAC\n")
+
+test_ok("foobar" =~ /foo(?=(bar)|(baz))/)
+test_ok("foobaz" =~ /foo(?=(bar)|(baz))/)
+
+$foo = "abc"
+test_ok("#$foo = abc" == "abc = abc")
+test_ok("#{$foo} = abc" == "abc = abc")
+
+foo = "abc"
+test_ok("#{foo} = abc" == "abc = abc")
+
+test_ok('-' * 5 == '-----')
+test_ok('-' * 1 == '-')
+test_ok('-' * 0 == '')
+
+foo = '-'
+test_ok(foo * 5 == '-----')
+test_ok(foo * 1 == '-')
+test_ok(foo * 0 == '')
+
+$x = "a.gif"
+test_ok($x.sub(/.*\.([^\.]+)$/, '\1') == "gif")
+test_ok($x.sub(/.*\.([^\.]+)$/, 'b.\1') == "b.gif")
+test_ok($x.sub(/.*\.([^\.]+)$/, '\2') == "")
+test_ok($x.sub(/.*\.([^\.]+)$/, 'a\2b') == "ab")
+test_ok($x.sub(/.*\.([^\.]+)$/, '<\&>') == "<a.gif>")
+
+# character constants(assumes ASCII)
+test_ok("a"[0] == ?a)
+test_ok(?a == ?a)
+test_ok(?\C-a == "\1")
+test_ok(?\M-a == "\341")
+test_ok(?\M-\C-a == "\201")
+test_ok("a".upcase![0] == ?A)
+test_ok("A".downcase![0] == ?a)
+test_ok("abc".tr!("a-z", "A-Z") == "ABC")
+test_ok("aabbcccc".tr_s!("a-z", "A-Z") == "ABC")
+test_ok("abcc".squeeze!("a-z") == "abc")
+test_ok("abcd".delete!("bc") == "ad")
+
+$x = "abcdef"
+$y = [ ?a, ?b, ?c, ?d, ?e, ?f ]
+$bad = false
+$x.each_byte {|i|
+  if i.chr != $y.shift
+    $bad = true
+    break
+  end
+}
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+s = "a string"
+s[0..s.size]="another string"
+test_ok(s == "another string")
+
+s = <<EOS
+#{
+[1,2,3].join(",")
+}
+EOS
+test_ok(s == "1,2,3\n")
+test_ok("Just".to_i(36) == 926381)
+test_ok("-another".to_i(36) == -23200231779)
+test_ok(1299022.to_s(36) == "ruby")
+test_ok(-1045307475.to_s(36) == "-hacker")
+test_ok("Just_another_Ruby_hacker".to_i(36) == 265419172580680477752431643787347)
+test_ok(-265419172580680477752431643787347.to_s(36) == "-justanotherrubyhacker")
+
+a = []
+(0..255).each {|n|
+  ch = [n].pack("C")
+  a.push ch if /a#{Regexp.quote ch}b/x =~ "ab"
+}
+test_ok(a.size == 0)
+
+test_check "assignment"
+a = nil
+test_ok(defined?(a))
+test_ok(a == nil)
+
+# multiple assignment
+a, b = 1, 2
+test_ok(a == 1 && b == 2)
+
+a, b = b, a
+test_ok(a == 2 && b == 1)
+
+a, = 1,2
+test_ok(a == 1)
+
+a, *b = 1, 2, 3
+test_ok(a == 1 && b == [2, 3])
+
+a, (b, c), d = 1, [2, 3], 4
+test_ok(a == 1 && b == 2 && c == 3 && d == 4)
+
+*a = 1, 2, 3
+test_ok(a == [1, 2, 3])
+
+*a = 4
+test_ok(a == [4])
+
+*a = nil
+test_ok(a == [nil])
+
+test_check "call"
+def aaa(a, b=100, *rest)
+  res = [a, b]
+  res += rest if rest
+  return res
+end
+
+# not enough argument
+begin
+  aaa()				# need at least 1 arg
+  test_ok(false)
+rescue
+  test_ok(true)
+end
+
+begin
+  aaa				# no arg given (exception raised)
+  test_ok(false)
+rescue
+  test_ok(true)
+end
+
+test_ok(aaa(1) == [1, 100])
+test_ok(aaa(1, 2) == [1, 2])
+test_ok(aaa(1, 2, 3, 4) == [1, 2, 3, 4])
+test_ok(aaa(1, *[2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4])
+
+test_check "proc"
+$proc = Proc.new{|i| i}
+test_ok($proc.call(2) == 2)
+test_ok($proc.call(3) == 3)
+
+$proc = Proc.new{|i| i*2}
+test_ok($proc.call(2) == 4)
+test_ok($proc.call(3) == 6)
+
+Proc.new{
+  iii=5				# nested local variable
+  $proc = Proc.new{|i|
+    iii = i
+  }
+  $proc2 = Proc.new {
+    $x = iii			# nested variables shared by procs
+  }
+  # scope of nested variables
+  test_ok(defined?(iii))
+}.call
+test_ok(!defined?(iii))		# out of scope
+
+loop{iii=5; test_ok(eval("defined? iii")); break}
+loop {
+  iii = 10
+  def dyna_var_check
+    loop {
+      test_ok(!defined?(iii))
+      break
+    }
+  end
+  dyna_var_check
+  break
+}
+$x=0
+$proc.call(5)
+$proc2.call
+test_ok($x == 5)
+
+if defined? Process.kill
+  test_check "signal"
+
+  $x = 0
+  trap "SIGINT", Proc.new{|sig| $x = 2}
+  Process.kill "SIGINT", $$
+  100.times {
+    sleep 0.1
+    break if $x != 0
+  }
+  test_ok($x == 2)
+
+  trap "SIGINT", Proc.new{raise "Interrupt"}
+
+  x = false
+  begin
+    Process.kill "SIGINT", $$
+    sleep 0.1
+  rescue
+    x = $!
+  end
+  test_ok(x && /Interrupt/ =~ x.message)
+end
+
+test_check "eval"
+test_ok(eval("") == nil)
+$bad=false
+eval 'while false; $bad = true; print "foo\n" end'
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+test_ok(eval('Object'))
+test_ok(eval('true'))
+test_ok(!eval('nil'))
+test_ok(!eval('false'))
+
+$foo = 'test_ok(true)'
+begin
+  eval $foo
+rescue
+  test_ok(false)
+end
+
+test_ok(eval("$foo") == 'test_ok(true)')
+test_ok(eval("true") == true)
+i = 5
+test_ok(eval("i == 5"))
+test_ok(eval("i") == 5)
+test_ok(eval("defined? i"))
+
+# eval with binding
+def test_ev
+  local1 = "local1"
+  lambda {
+    local2 = "local2"
+    return binding
+  }.call
+end
+
+$x = test_ev
+test_ok(eval("local1", $x) == "local1") # normal local var
+test_ok(eval("local2", $x) == "local2") # nested local var
+$bad = true
+begin
+  p eval("local1")
+rescue NameError		# must raise error
+  $bad = false
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+module EvTest
+  EVTEST1 = 25
+  evtest2 = 125
+  $x = binding
+end
+test_ok(eval("EVTEST1", $x) == 25)	# constant in module
+test_ok(eval("evtest2", $x) == 125)	# local var in module
+$bad = true
+begin
+  eval("EVTEST1")
+rescue NameError		# must raise error
+  $bad = false
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+x = binding #! YARV Limitation: Proc.new{}
+eval "i4 = 1", x
+test_ok(eval("i4", x) == 1)
+x = Proc.new{binding}.call #! YARV Limitation: Proc.new{Proc.new{}}.call
+eval "i4 = 22", x
+test_ok(eval("i4", x) == 22)
+$x = []
+x = Proc.new{binding}.call #! YARV Limitation: Proc.new{Proc.new{}}.call
+eval "(0..9).each{|i5| $x[i5] = Proc.new{i5*2}}", x
+test_ok($x[4].call == 8)
+
+x = binding
+eval "i = 1", x
+test_ok(eval("i", x) == 1)
+x = Proc.new{binding}.call
+eval "i = 22", x
+test_ok(eval("i", x) == 22)
+$x = []
+x = Proc.new{binding}.call
+eval "(0..9).each{|i5| $x[i5] = Proc.new{i5*2}}", x
+test_ok($x[4].call == 8)
+x = Proc.new{binding}.call
+eval "for i6 in 1..1; j6=i6; end", x
+test_ok(eval("defined? i6", x))
+test_ok(eval("defined? j6", x))
+
+Proc.new {
+  p = binding
+  eval "foo11 = 1", p
+  foo22 = 5
+  Proc.new{foo11=22}.call
+  Proc.new{foo22=55}.call
+  test_ok(eval("foo11", p) == eval("foo11"))
+  test_ok(eval("foo11") == 1)
+  test_ok(eval("foo22", p) == eval("foo22"))
+  test_ok(eval("foo22") == 55)
+}.call if false #! YARV Limitation
+
+#! YARV Limitation: p1 = Proc.new{i7 = 0; Proc.new{i7}}.call
+p1 = Proc.new{i7 = 0; binding}.call
+#! YARV Limitation: test_ok(p1.call == 0)
+eval "i7=5", p1
+#! YARV Limitation: test_ok(p1.call == 5)
+test_ok(!defined?(i7))
+
+if false #! YARV Limitation
+p1 = Proc.new{i7 = 0; Proc.new{i7}}.call
+i7 = nil
+test_ok(p1.call == 0)
+eval "i7=1", p1
+test_ok(p1.call == 1)
+eval "i7=5", p1
+test_ok(p1.call == 5)
+test_ok(i7 == nil)
+end
+
+test_check "system"
+test_ok(`echo foobar` == "foobar\n")
+test_ok(`./miniruby -e 'print "foobar"'` == 'foobar')
+
+script_tmp = "script_tmp.#{$$}"
+tmp = open(script_tmp, "w")
+tmp.print "print $zzz\n";
+tmp.close
+
+test_ok(`./miniruby -s #{script_tmp} -zzz` == 'true')
+test_ok(`./miniruby -s #{script_tmp} -zzz=555` == '555')
+
+tmp = open(script_tmp, "w")
+tmp.print "#! /usr/local/bin/ruby -s\n";
+tmp.print "print $zzz\n";
+tmp.close
+
+test_ok(`./miniruby #{script_tmp} -zzz=678` == '678')
+
+tmp = open(script_tmp, "w")
+tmp.print "this is a leading junk\n";
+tmp.print "#! /usr/local/bin/ruby -s\n";
+tmp.print "print $zzz\n";
+tmp.print "__END__\n";
+tmp.print "this is a trailing junk\n";
+tmp.close
+
+test_ok(`./miniruby -x #{script_tmp}` == '')
+test_ok(`./miniruby -x #{script_tmp} -zzz=555` == '555')
+
+tmp = open(script_tmp, "w")
+for i in 1..5
+  tmp.print i, "\n"
+end
+tmp.close
+
+`./miniruby -i.bak -pe '$_.sub!(/^[0-9]+$/){$&.to_i * 5}' #{script_tmp}`
+done = true
+tmp = open(script_tmp, "r")
+while tmp.gets
+  if $_.to_i % 5 != 0
+    done = false
+    break
+  end
+end
+tmp.close
+test_ok(done)
+
+File.unlink script_tmp or `/bin/rm -f "#{script_tmp}"`
+File.unlink "#{script_tmp}.bak" or `/bin/rm -f "#{script_tmp}.bak"`
+
+test_check "const"
+TEST1 = 1
+TEST2 = 2
+
+module Const
+  TEST3 = 3
+  TEST4 = 4
+end
+
+module Const2
+  TEST3 = 6
+  TEST4 = 8
+end
+
+include Const
+
+test_ok([TEST1,TEST2,TEST3,TEST4] == [1,2,3,4])
+
+include Const2
+STDERR.print "intentionally redefines TEST3, TEST4\n" if $VERBOSE
+test_ok([TEST1,TEST2,TEST3,TEST4] == [1,2,6,8])
+
+
+test_ok((String <=> Object) == -1)
+test_ok((Object <=> String) == 1)
+test_ok((Array <=> String) == nil)
+
+test_check "clone"
+foo = Object.new
+def foo.test
+  "test"
+end
+bar = foo.clone
+def bar.test2
+  "test2"
+end
+
+test_ok(bar.test2 == "test2")
+test_ok(bar.test == "test")
+test_ok(foo.test == "test")
+
+begin
+  foo.test2
+  test_ok false
+rescue NoMethodError
+  test_ok true
+end
+
+module M001; end
+module M002; end
+module M003; include M002; end
+module M002; include M001; end
+module M003; include M002; end
+
+test_ok(M003.ancestors == [M003, M002, M001])
+
+test_check "marshal"
+$x = [1,2,3,[4,5,"foo"],{1=>"bar"},2.5,fact(30)]
+$y = Marshal.dump($x)
+test_ok($x == Marshal.load($y))
+
+StrClone=String.clone;
+test_ok(Marshal.load(Marshal.dump(StrClone.new("abc"))).class == StrClone)
+
+[[1,2,3,4], [81, 2, 118, 3146]].each { |w,x,y,z|
+  a = (x.to_f + y.to_f / z.to_f) * Math.exp(w.to_f / (x.to_f + y.to_f / z.to_f))
+  ma = Marshal.dump(a)
+  b = Marshal.load(ma)
+  test_ok(a == b)
+}
+
+test_check "pack"
+
+$format = "c2x5CCxsdils_l_a6";
+# Need the expression in here to force ary[5] to be numeric.  This avoids
+# test2 failing because ary2 goes str->numeric->str and ary does not.
+ary = [1,-100,127,128,32767,987.654321098 / 100.0,12345,123456,-32767,-123456,"abcdef"]
+$x = ary.pack($format)
+ary2 = $x.unpack($format)
+
+test_ok(ary.length == ary2.length)
+test_ok(ary.join(':') == ary2.join(':'))
+test_ok($x =~ /def/)
+
+$x = [-1073741825]
+test_ok($x.pack("q").unpack("q") == $x)
+
+test_check "math"
+test_ok(Math.sqrt(4) == 2)
+
+include Math
+test_ok(sqrt(4) == 2)
+
+test_check "struct"
+struct_test = Struct.new("Test", :foo, :bar)
+test_ok(struct_test == Struct::Test)
+
+test = struct_test.new(1, 2)
+test_ok(test.foo == 1 && test.bar == 2)
+test_ok(test[0] == 1 && test[1] == 2)
+
+a, b = test.to_a
+test_ok(a == 1 && b == 2)
+
+test[0] = 22
+test_ok(test.foo == 22)
+
+test.bar = 47
+test_ok(test.bar == 47)
+
+test_check "variable"
+test_ok($$.instance_of?(Integer))
+
+# read-only variable
+begin
+  $$ = 5
+  test_ok false
+rescue NameError
+  test_ok true
+end
+
+foobar = "foobar"
+$_ = foobar
+test_ok($_ == foobar)
+
+class Gods
+  @@rule = "Uranus"
+  def ruler0
+    @@rule
+  end
+
+  def self.ruler1		# <= per method definition style
+    @@rule
+  end
+  class << self			# <= multiple method definition style
+    def ruler2
+      @@rule
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module Olympians
+  @@rule ="Zeus"
+  def ruler3
+    @@rule
+  end
+end
+
+class Titans < Gods
+  @@rule = "Cronus"		# modifies @@rule in Gods
+  include Olympians
+  def ruler4
+    @@rule
+  end
+end
+
+test_ok(Gods.new.ruler0 == "Cronus")
+test_ok(Gods.ruler1 == "Cronus")
+test_ok(Gods.ruler2 == "Cronus")
+test_ok(Titans.ruler1 == "Cronus")
+test_ok(Titans.ruler2 == "Cronus")
+atlas = Titans.new
+test_ok(atlas.ruler0 == "Cronus")
+test_ok(atlas.ruler3 == "Zeus")
+begin
+  atlas.ruler4
+rescue RuntimeError => e
+  test_ok(e.message.include?("class variable @@rule of Olympians is overtaken by Gods"))
+else
+  test_ok(false)
+end
+test_ok(atlas.ruler3 == "Zeus")
+
+test_check "trace"
+$x = 1234
+$y = 0
+trace_var :$x, Proc.new{$y = $x}
+$x = 40414
+test_ok($y == $x)
+
+untrace_var :$x
+$x = 19660208
+test_ok($y != $x)
+
+trace_var :$x, Proc.new{$x *= 2}
+$x = 5
+test_ok($x == 10)
+
+untrace_var :$x
+
+test_check "defined?"
+
+test_ok(defined?($x))		# global variable
+test_ok(defined?($x) == 'global-variable')# returns description
+
+foo=5
+test_ok(defined?(foo))		# local variable
+
+test_ok(defined?(Array))	# constant
+test_ok(defined?(Object.new))	# method
+test_ok(!defined?(Object.print))# private method
+test_ok(defined?(1 == 2))	# operator expression
+
+class Foo
+  def foo
+    p :foo
+  end
+  protected :foo
+  def bar(f)
+    test_ok(defined?(self.foo))
+    test_ok(defined?(f.foo))
+  end
+end
+f = Foo.new
+test_ok(defined?(f.foo) == nil)
+f.bar(f)
+
+def defined_test
+  return !defined?(yield)
+end
+
+test_ok(defined_test)		# not iterator
+test_ok(!defined_test{})	# called as iterator
+
+test_check "alias"
+class Alias0
+  def foo; "foo" end
+end
+class Alias1 < Alias0
+  alias bar foo
+  def foo; "foo+" + super end
+end
+class Alias2 < Alias1
+  alias baz foo
+  undef foo
+end
+
+x = Alias2.new
+test_ok(x.bar == "foo")
+test_ok(x.baz == "foo+foo")
+
+# test_check for cache
+test_ok(x.baz == "foo+foo")
+
+class Alias3 < Alias2
+  def foo
+    defined? super
+  end
+  def bar
+    defined? super
+  end
+  def quux
+    defined? super
+  end
+end
+x = Alias3.new
+test_ok(!x.foo)
+test_ok(x.bar)
+test_ok(!x.quux)
+
+test_check "path"
+test_ok(File.basename("a") == "a")
+test_ok(File.basename("a/b") == "b")
+test_ok(File.basename("a/b/") == "b")
+test_ok(File.basename("/") == "/")
+test_ok(File.basename("//") == "/")
+test_ok(File.basename("///") == "/")
+test_ok(File.basename("a/b////") == "b")
+test_ok(File.basename("a.rb", ".rb") == "a")
+test_ok(File.basename("a.rb///", ".rb") == "a")
+test_ok(File.basename("a.rb///", ".*") == "a")
+test_ok(File.basename("a.rb///", ".c") == "a.rb")
+test_ok(File.dirname("a") == ".")
+test_ok(File.dirname("/") == "/")
+test_ok(File.dirname("/a") == "/")
+test_ok(File.dirname("a/b") == "a")
+test_ok(File.dirname("a/b/c") == "a/b")
+test_ok(File.dirname("/a/b/c") == "/a/b")
+test_ok(File.dirname("/a/b/") == "/a")
+test_ok(File.dirname("/a/b///") == "/a")
+case Dir.pwd
+when %r'\A\w:'
+  test_ok(/\A\w:\/\z/ =~ File.expand_path(".", "/"))
+  test_ok(/\A\w:\/a\z/ =~ File.expand_path("a", "/"))
+  dosish = true
+when %r'\A//'
+  test_ok(%r'\A//[^/]+/[^/]+\z' =~ File.expand_path(".", "/"))
+  test_ok(%r'\A//[^/]+/[^/]+/a\z' =~ File.expand_path(".", "/"))
+  dosish = true
+else
+  test_ok(File.expand_path(".", "/") == "/")
+  test_ok(File.expand_path("sub", "/") == "/sub")
+end
+if dosish
+  test_ok(File.expand_path("/", "//machine/share/sub") == "//machine/share")
+  test_ok(File.expand_path("/dir", "//machine/share/sub") == "//machine/share/dir")
+  test_ok(File.expand_path("/", "z:/sub") == "z:/")
+  test_ok(File.expand_path("/dir", "z:/sub") == "z:/dir")
+end
+test_ok(File.expand_path(".", "//") == "//")
+test_ok(File.expand_path("sub", "//") == "//sub")
+
+# test_check "Proc#binding"
+ObjectSpace.each_object(Proc){|o|
+  begin
+    b = o.binding
+    eval 'self', b
+  rescue ArgumentError
+  end
+}
+
+test_check "gc"
+begin
+  1.upto(10000) {
+    tmp = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
+  }
+  tmp = nil
+  test_ok true
+rescue
+  test_ok false
+end
+class S
+  def initialize(a)
+    @a = a
+  end
+end
+l=nil
+100000.times {
+  l = S.new(l)
+}
+GC.start
+test_ok true   # reach here or dumps core
+l = []
+100000.times {
+  l.push([l])
+}
+GC.start
+test_ok true   # reach here or dumps core
+
+ObjectSpace.each_object{|o|
+  o.class.name
+}
+
+test_ok true   # reach here or dumps core
+
+PROGRESS.finish
+if $failed > 0
+  printf "not ok/test: %d failed %d\n", $ntest, $failed
+else
+  printf "end of test(test: %d)\n", $ntest
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/README.md b/benchmark/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39a5aa139b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# ruby/benchmark
+
+This directory has benchmark definitions to be run with
+[benchmark\_driver.gem](https://github.com/benchmark-driver/benchmark-driver).
+
+## Normal usage
+
+Execute `gem install benchmark_driver` and run a command like:
+
+```bash
+# Run a benchmark script with the ruby in the $PATH
+benchmark-driver benchmark/app_fib.rb
+
+# Run benchmark scripts with multiple Ruby executables or options
+benchmark-driver benchmark/*.rb -e /path/to/ruby -e '/path/to/ruby --jit'
+
+# Or compare Ruby versions managed by rbenv
+benchmark-driver benchmark/*.rb --rbenv '2.5.1;2.6.0-preview2 --jit'
+
+# You can collect many metrics in many ways
+benchmark-driver benchmark/*.rb --runner memory --output markdown
+
+# Some are defined with YAML for complex setup or accurate measurement
+benchmark-driver benchmark/*.yml
+```
+
+See also:
+
+```console
+Usage: benchmark-driver [options] RUBY|YAML...
+    -r, --runner TYPE                Specify runner type: ips, time, memory, once (default: ips)
+    -o, --output TYPE                Specify output type: compare, simple, markdown, record (default: compare)
+    -e, --executables EXECS          Ruby executables (e1::path1 arg1; e2::path2 arg2;...)
+        --rbenv VERSIONS             Ruby executables in rbenv (x.x.x arg1;y.y.y arg2;...)
+        --repeat-count NUM           Try benchmark NUM times and use the fastest result or the worst memory usage
+        --repeat-result TYPE         Yield "best", "average" or "worst" result with --repeat-count (default: best)
+        --bundler                    Install and use gems specified in Gemfile
+        --filter REGEXP              Filter out benchmarks with given regexp
+        --run-duration SECONDS       Warmup estimates loop_count to run for this duration (default: 3)
+    -v, --verbose                    Verbose mode. Multiple -v options increase visilibity (max: 2)
+```
+
+## make benchmark
+
+Using `make benchmark`, `make update-benchmark-driver` automatically downloads
+the supported version of benchmark\_driver, and it runs benchmarks with the downloaded
+benchmark\_driver.
+
+```bash
+# Run all benchmarks with the ruby in the $PATH and the built ruby
+make benchmark
+
+# Or compare with specific ruby binary
+make benchmark COMPARE_RUBY="/path/to/ruby --jit"
+
+# Run vm benchmarks
+make benchmark ITEM=vm
+
+# Run some limited benchmarks in ITEM-matched files
+make benchmark ITEM=vm OPTS=--filter=block
+
+# You can specify the benchmark by an exact filename instead of using the default argument:
+# ARGS = $$(find $(srcdir)/benchmark -maxdepth 1 -name '*$(ITEM)*.yml' -o -name '*$(ITEM)*.rb')
+make benchmark ARGS=benchmark/erb_render.yml
+
+# You can specify any option via $OPTS
+make benchmark OPTS="--help"
+
+# With `make benchmark`, some special runner plugins are available:
+#   -r peak, -r size, -r total, -r utime, -r stime, -r cutime, -r cstime
+make benchmark ITEM=vm_bigarray OPTS="-r peak"
+```
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_answer.rb b/benchmark/app_answer.rb
index 3cd8a8fd37..3cd8a8fd37 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_answer.rb
+++ b/benchmark/app_answer.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/app_aobench.rb b/benchmark/app_aobench.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16296af12b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/app_aobench.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+# coding: US-ASCII
+
+# AO render benchmark
+# Original program (C) Syoyo Fujita in Javascript (and other languages)
+#      https://code.google.com/p/aobench/
+# Ruby(yarv2llvm) version by Hideki Miura
+#
+
+IMAGE_WIDTH = 256
+IMAGE_HEIGHT = 256
+NSUBSAMPLES = 2
+NAO_SAMPLES = 8
+
+srand(0)
+
+class Vec
+  def initialize(x, y, z)
+    @x = x
+    @y = y
+    @z = z
+  end
+
+  attr_accessor :x, :y, :z
+
+  def vadd(b)
+    Vec.new(@x + b.x, @y + b.y, @z + b.z)
+  end
+
+  def vsub(b)
+    Vec.new(@x - b.x, @y - b.y, @z - b.z)
+  end
+
+  def vcross(b)
+    Vec.new(@y * b.z - @z * b.y,
+            @z * b.x - @x * b.z,
+            @x * b.y - @y * b.x)
+  end
+
+  def vdot(b)
+    @x * b.x + @y * b.y + @z * b.z
+  end
+
+  def vlength
+    Math.sqrt(@x * @x + @y * @y + @z * @z)
+  end
+
+  def vnormalize
+    len = vlength
+    v = Vec.new(@x, @y, @z)
+    if len > 1.0e-17 then
+      v.x = v.x / len
+      v.y = v.y / len
+      v.z = v.z / len
+    end
+    v
+  end
+end
+
+
+class Sphere
+  def initialize(center, radius)
+    @center = center
+    @radius = radius
+  end
+
+  attr_reader :center, :radius
+
+  def intersect(ray, isect)
+    rs = ray.org.vsub(@center)
+    b = rs.vdot(ray.dir)
+    c = rs.vdot(rs) - (@radius * @radius)
+    d = b * b - c
+    if d > 0.0 then
+      t = - b - Math.sqrt(d)
+
+      if t > 0.0 and t < isect.t then
+        isect.t = t
+        isect.hit = true
+        isect.pl = Vec.new(ray.org.x + ray.dir.x * t,
+                          ray.org.y + ray.dir.y * t,
+                          ray.org.z + ray.dir.z * t)
+        n = isect.pl.vsub(@center)
+        isect.n = n.vnormalize
+      else
+        0.0
+      end
+    end
+    nil
+  end
+end
+
+class Plane
+  def initialize(p, n)
+    @p = p
+    @n = n
+  end
+
+  def intersect(ray, isect)
+    d = -@p.vdot(@n)
+    v = ray.dir.vdot(@n)
+    v0 = v
+    if v < 0.0 then
+      v0 = -v
+    end
+    if v0 < 1.0e-17 then
+      return
+    end
+
+    t = -(ray.org.vdot(@n) + d) / v
+
+    if t > 0.0 and t < isect.t then
+      isect.hit = true
+      isect.t = t
+      isect.n = @n
+      isect.pl = Vec.new(ray.org.x + t * ray.dir.x,
+                        ray.org.y + t * ray.dir.y,
+                        ray.org.z + t * ray.dir.z)
+    end
+    nil
+  end
+end
+
+class Ray
+  def initialize(org, dir)
+    @org = org
+    @dir = dir
+  end
+
+  attr_accessor :org, :dir
+end
+
+class Isect
+  def initialize
+    @t = 10000000.0
+    @hit = false
+    @pl = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+    @n = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+  end
+
+  attr_accessor :t, :hit, :pl, :n
+end
+
+def clamp(f)
+  i = f * 255.5
+  if i > 255.0 then
+    i = 255.0
+  end
+  if i < 0.0 then
+    i = 0.0
+  end
+  i.to_i
+end
+
+def otherBasis(basis, n)
+  basis[2] = Vec.new(n.x, n.y, n.z)
+  basis[1] = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+
+  if n.x < 0.6 and n.x > -0.6 then
+    basis[1].x = 1.0
+  elsif n.y < 0.6 and n.y > -0.6 then
+    basis[1].y = 1.0
+  elsif n.z < 0.6 and n.z > -0.6 then
+    basis[1].z = 1.0
+  else
+    basis[1].x = 1.0
+  end
+
+  basis[0] = basis[1].vcross(basis[2])
+  basis[0] = basis[0].vnormalize
+
+  basis[1] = basis[2].vcross(basis[0])
+  basis[1] = basis[1].vnormalize
+end
+
+class Scene
+  def initialize
+    @spheres = Array.new
+    @spheres[0] = Sphere.new(Vec.new(-2.0, 0.0, -3.5), 0.5)
+    @spheres[1] = Sphere.new(Vec.new(-0.5, 0.0, -3.0), 0.5)
+    @spheres[2] = Sphere.new(Vec.new(1.0, 0.0, -2.2), 0.5)
+    @plane = Plane.new(Vec.new(0.0, -0.5, 0.0), Vec.new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0))
+  end
+
+  def ambient_occlusion(isect)
+    basis = Array.new
+    otherBasis(basis, isect.n)
+
+    ntheta    = NAO_SAMPLES
+    nphi      = NAO_SAMPLES
+    eps       = 0.0001
+    occlusion = 0.0
+
+    p0 = Vec.new(isect.pl.x + eps * isect.n.x,
+                isect.pl.y + eps * isect.n.y,
+                isect.pl.z + eps * isect.n.z)
+    nphi.times do |j|
+      ntheta.times do |i|
+        r = rand
+        phi = 2.0 * 3.14159265 * rand
+        x = Math.cos(phi) * Math.sqrt(1.0 - r)
+        y = Math.sin(phi) * Math.sqrt(1.0 - r)
+        z = Math.sqrt(r)
+
+        rx = x * basis[0].x + y * basis[1].x + z * basis[2].x
+        ry = x * basis[0].y + y * basis[1].y + z * basis[2].y
+        rz = x * basis[0].z + y * basis[1].z + z * basis[2].z
+
+        raydir = Vec.new(rx, ry, rz)
+        ray = Ray.new(p0, raydir)
+
+        occisect = Isect.new
+        @spheres[0].intersect(ray, occisect)
+        @spheres[1].intersect(ray, occisect)
+        @spheres[2].intersect(ray, occisect)
+        @plane.intersect(ray, occisect)
+        if occisect.hit then
+          occlusion = occlusion + 1.0
+        else
+          0.0
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    occlusion = (ntheta.to_f * nphi.to_f - occlusion) / (ntheta.to_f * nphi.to_f)
+
+    Vec.new(occlusion, occlusion, occlusion)
+  end
+
+  def render(w, h, nsubsamples)
+    cnt = 0
+    nsf = nsubsamples.to_f
+    h.times do |y|
+      w.times do |x|
+        rad = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+
+        # Subsampling
+        nsubsamples.times do |v|
+          nsubsamples.times do |u|
+
+            cnt = cnt + 1
+            wf = w.to_f
+            hf = h.to_f
+            xf = x.to_f
+            yf = y.to_f
+            uf = u.to_f
+            vf = v.to_f
+
+            px = (xf + (uf / nsf) - (wf / 2.0)) / (wf / 2.0)
+            py = -(yf + (vf / nsf) - (hf / 2.0)) / (hf / 2.0)
+
+            eye = Vec.new(px, py, -1.0).vnormalize
+
+            ray = Ray.new(Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), eye)
+
+            isect = Isect.new
+            @spheres[0].intersect(ray, isect)
+            @spheres[1].intersect(ray, isect)
+            @spheres[2].intersect(ray, isect)
+            @plane.intersect(ray, isect)
+            if isect.hit then
+              col = ambient_occlusion(isect)
+              rad.x = rad.x + col.x
+              rad.y = rad.y + col.y
+              rad.z = rad.z + col.z
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        r = rad.x / (nsf * nsf)
+        g = rad.y / (nsf * nsf)
+        b = rad.z / (nsf * nsf)
+        printf("%c", clamp(r))
+        printf("%c", clamp(g))
+        printf("%c", clamp(b))
+      end
+      nil
+    end
+
+    nil
+  end
+end
+
+alias printf_orig printf
+def printf *args
+  # $fp.printf(*args)
+end
+
+# File.open("ao.ppm", "w") do |fp|
+  # $fp = fp
+  printf("P6\n")
+  printf("%d %d\n", IMAGE_WIDTH, IMAGE_HEIGHT)
+  printf("255\n")
+  Scene.new.render(IMAGE_WIDTH, IMAGE_HEIGHT, NSUBSAMPLES)
+# end
+
+undef printf
+alias printf printf_orig
diff --git a/benchmark/app_erb.yml b/benchmark/app_erb.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..31e29b7644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/app_erb.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#
+# Create many HTML strings with ERB.
+#
+prelude: |
+  require 'erb'
+
+  data = <<erb
+  <html>
+    <head> <%= title %> </head>
+    <body>
+      <h1> <%= title %> </h1>
+      <p>
+        <%= content %>
+      </p>
+    </body>
+  </html>
+  erb
+
+  title = "hello world!"
+  content = "hello world!\n" * 10
+benchmark:
+  app_erb: ERB.new(data).result(binding)
+loop_count: 15000
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_factorial.rb b/benchmark/app_factorial.rb
index 45f471dfdb..45f471dfdb 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_factorial.rb
+++ b/benchmark/app_factorial.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_fib.rb b/benchmark/app_fib.rb
index 34a7b2e725..34a7b2e725 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_fib.rb
+++ b/benchmark/app_fib.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_lc_fizzbuzz.rb b/benchmark/app_lc_fizzbuzz.rb
index f09574bbeb..f09574bbeb 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_lc_fizzbuzz.rb
+++ b/benchmark/app_lc_fizzbuzz.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_mandelbrot.rb b/benchmark/app_mandelbrot.rb
index 801b75e8e2..801b75e8e2 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_mandelbrot.rb
+++ b/benchmark/app_mandelbrot.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/app_pentomino.rb b/benchmark/app_pentomino.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47be7b203f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/app_pentomino.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#!/usr/local/bin/ruby
+# This program is contributed by Shin Nishiyama
+
+
+# modified by K.Sasada
+
+NP = 5
+ROW = 8 + NP
+COL = 8
+
+$p = []
+$b = []
+$no = 0
+
+def piece(n, a, nb)
+  nb.each{|x|
+    a[n] = x
+    if n == NP-1
+      $p << [a.sort]
+    else
+      nbc=nb.dup
+      [-ROW, -1, 1, ROW].each{|d|
+        if x+d > 0 and not a.include?(x+d) and not nbc.include?(x+d)
+          nbc << x+d
+        end
+      }
+      nbc.delete x
+      piece(n+1,a[0..n],nbc)
+    end
+  }
+end
+
+def kikaku(a)
+  a.collect {|x| x - a[0]}
+end
+def ud(a)
+  kikaku(a.collect {|x| ((x+NP)%ROW)-ROW*((x+NP)/ROW) }.sort)
+end
+def rl(a)
+  kikaku(a.collect {|x| ROW*((x+NP)/ROW)+ROW-((x+NP)%ROW)}.sort)
+end
+def xy(a)
+  kikaku(a.collect {|x| ROW*((x+NP)%ROW) + (x+NP)/ROW }.sort)
+end
+
+def mkpieces
+  piece(0,[],[0])
+  $p.each do |a|
+    a0 = a[0]
+    a[1] = ud(a0)
+    a[2] = rl(a0)
+    a[3] = ud(rl(a0))
+    a[4] = xy(a0)
+    a[5] = ud(xy(a0))
+    a[6] = rl(xy(a0))
+    a[7] = ud(rl(xy(a0)))
+    a.sort!
+    a.uniq!
+  end
+  $p.uniq!.sort! {|x,y| x[0] <=> y[0] }
+end
+
+def mkboard
+  (0...ROW*COL).each{|i|
+    if i % ROW >= ROW-NP
+      $b[i] = -2
+    else
+      $b[i] = -1
+    end
+    $b[3*ROW+3]=$b[3*ROW+4]=$b[4*ROW+3]=$b[4*ROW+4]=-2
+  }
+end
+
+def pboard
+  return # skip print
+  print "No. #$no\n"
+  (0...COL).each{|i|
+    print "|"
+    (0...ROW-NP).each{|j|
+      x = $b[i*ROW+j]
+      if x < 0
+        print "..|"
+      else
+        printf "%2d|",x+1
+      end
+    }
+    print "\n"
+  }
+  print "\n"
+end
+
+$pnum=[]
+def setpiece(a,pos)
+  if a.length == $p.length then
+    $no += 1
+    pboard
+    return
+  end
+  while $b[pos] != -1
+    pos += 1
+  end
+  ($pnum - a).each do |i|
+    $p[i].each do |x|
+      f = 0
+      x.each{|s|
+        if $b[pos+s] != -1
+          f=1
+          break
+        end
+      }
+      if f == 0 then
+        x.each{|s|
+          $b[pos+s] = i
+        }
+        a << i
+        setpiece(a.dup, pos)
+        a.pop
+        x.each{|s|
+          $b[pos+s] = -1
+        }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+mkpieces
+mkboard
+$p[4] = [$p[4][0]]
+$pnum = (0...$p.length).to_a
+setpiece([],0)
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_raise.rb b/benchmark/app_raise.rb
index 5db8f95d50..5db8f95d50 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_raise.rb
+++ b/benchmark/app_raise.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_strconcat.rb b/benchmark/app_strconcat.rb
index 7eed7c1aed..7eed7c1aed 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_strconcat.rb
+++ b/benchmark/app_strconcat.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_tak.rb b/benchmark/app_tak.rb
index efe5380f4e..efe5380f4e 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_tak.rb
+++ b/benchmark/app_tak.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_tarai.rb b/benchmark/app_tarai.rb
index 4c146f5ccf..4c146f5ccf 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_tarai.rb
+++ b/benchmark/app_tarai.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_uri.rb b/benchmark/app_uri.rb
index 586edfd5dc..586edfd5dc 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_uri.rb
+++ b/benchmark/app_uri.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/array_flatten.yml b/benchmark/array_flatten.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88ef544ba0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_flatten.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+prelude: |
+  small_flat_ary = 5.times.to_a
+  large_flat_ary = 100.times.to_a
+  small_pairs_ary = [[1, 2]] * 5
+  large_pairs_ary = [[1, 2]] * 100
+  mostly_flat_ary = 100.times.to_a.push([101, 102])
+
+benchmark:
+  small_flat_ary.flatten: small_flat_ary.flatten
+  small_flat_ary.flatten!: small_flat_ary.flatten!
+  large_flat_ary.flatten: large_flat_ary.flatten
+  large_flat_ary.flatten!: large_flat_ary.flatten!
+  small_pairs_ary.flatten: small_pairs_ary.flatten
+  small_pairs_ary.flatten!: small_pairs_ary.dup.flatten!
+  large_pairs_ary.flatten: large_pairs_ary.flatten
+  large_pairs_ary.flatten!: large_pairs_ary.dup.flatten!
+  mostly_flat_ary.flatten: mostly_flat_ary.flatten
+  mostly_flat_ary.flatten!: mostly_flat_ary.dup.flatten!
+loop_count: 10000
diff --git a/benchmark/array_intersection.yml b/benchmark/array_intersection.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26705323fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_intersection.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+prelude: |
+  small1 = [1, 2, 3]
+  small2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+  small3 = [2, 3, 4, 5]
+  small4 = [2]
+  big1 = [1, 2, 3, 4] * 64
+  big2 = [1, 2, 3] * 64
+  big3 = [1, 2] * 64
+
+benchmark:
+  small-&: small1 & small2 & small3 & small4
+  small-intersection: small1.intersection(small2, small3, small4)
+  big-&: big1 & big2 & big3
+  big-intersection: big1.intersection(big2, big3)
diff --git a/benchmark/array_max_float.yml b/benchmark/array_max_float.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ace1ae2e14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_max_float.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+prelude: |
+  ary2 = 2.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary10 = 10.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary100 = 100.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary500 = 500.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary1000 = 1000.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary2000 = 2500.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary3000 = 2500.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary5000 = 5000.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary10000 = 10000.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary20000 = 20000.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary50000 = 50000.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary100000 = 100000.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+
+benchmark:
+  ary2.max: ary2.max
+  ary10.max: ary10.max
+  ary100.max: ary100.max
+  ary500.max: ary500.max
+  ary1000.max: ary1000.max
+  ary2000.max: ary2000.max
+  ary3000.max: ary3000.max
+  ary5000.max: ary5000.max
+  ary10000.max: ary10000.max
+  ary20000.max: ary20000.max
+  ary50000.max: ary50000.max
+  ary100000.max: ary100000.max
+
+loop_count: 10000
+
diff --git a/benchmark/array_max_int.yml b/benchmark/array_max_int.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..acd83684d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_max_int.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+prelude: |
+  ary2 = 2.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary10 = 10.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary100 = 100.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary500 = 500.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary1000 = 1000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary2000 = 2500.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary3000 = 2500.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary5000 = 5000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary10000 = 10000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary20000 = 20000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary50000 = 50000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary100000 = 100000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary1000000 = 1000000.times.to_a.shuffle
+
+benchmark:
+  ary2.max: ary2.max
+  ary10.max: ary10.max
+  ary100.max: ary100.max
+  ary500.max: ary500.max
+  ary1000.max: ary1000.max
+  ary2000.max: ary2000.max
+  ary3000.max: ary3000.max
+  ary5000.max: ary5000.max
+  ary10000.max: ary10000.max
+  ary20000.max: ary20000.max
+  ary50000.max: ary50000.max
+  ary100000.max: ary100000.max
+  ary1000000.max: ary1000000.max
+
+loop_count: 10000
diff --git a/benchmark/array_max_str.yml b/benchmark/array_max_str.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2aeed010f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_max_str.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+prelude: |
+  ary2 = 2.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary10 = 10.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary100 = 100.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary500 = 500.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary1000 = 1000.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary2000 = 2500.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary3000 = 2500.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary5000 = 5000.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary10000 = 10000.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary20000 = 20000.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary50000 = 50000.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary100000 = 100000.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+
+benchmark:
+  ary2.max: ary2.max
+  ary10.max: ary10.max
+  ary100.max: ary100.max
+  ary500.max: ary500.max
+  ary1000.max: ary1000.max
+  ary2000.max: ary2000.max
+  ary3000.max: ary3000.max
+  ary5000.max: ary5000.max
+  ary10000.max: ary10000.max
+  ary20000.max: ary20000.max
+  ary50000.max: ary50000.max
+  ary100000.max: ary100000.max
+
+loop_count: 10000
+
diff --git a/benchmark/array_min.yml b/benchmark/array_min.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..53e5072b14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_min.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+prelude: |
+  ary2 = 2.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary10 = 10.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary100 = 100.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary500 = 500.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary1000 = 1000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary2000 = 2500.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary3000 = 2500.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary5000 = 5000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary10000 = 10000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary20000 = 20000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary50000 = 50000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary100000 = 100000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary1000000 = 1000000.times.to_a.shuffle
+
+benchmark:
+  ary2.min: ary2.min
+  ary10.min: ary10.min
+  ary100.min: ary100.min
+  ary500.min: ary500.min
+  ary1000.min: ary1000.min
+  ary2000.min: ary2000.min
+  ary3000.min: ary3000.min
+  ary5000.min: ary5000.min
+  ary10000.min: ary10000.min
+  ary20000.min: ary20000.min
+  ary50000.min: ary50000.min
+  ary100000.min: ary100000.min
+  ary1000000.min: ary1000000.min
+
+loop_count: 10000
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sample_100k_10.rb b/benchmark/array_sample_100k_10.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f41ecc32b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sample_100k_10.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+arr = [*0...100000]
+10_000.times {arr.sample 10}
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sample_100k_11.rb b/benchmark/array_sample_100k_11.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18b1715319
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sample_100k_11.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+arr = [*0...100000]
+10_000.times {arr.sample 11}
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sample_100k__100.rb b/benchmark/array_sample_100k__100.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22863afe89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sample_100k__100.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+arr = [*0...100000]
+10_000.times {arr.sample 100}
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sample_100k__1k.rb b/benchmark/array_sample_100k__1k.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4cd79e6c67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sample_100k__1k.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+arr = [*0...100000]
+10_000.times {arr.sample 1000}
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sample_100k__6k.rb b/benchmark/array_sample_100k__6k.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3d264249e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sample_100k__6k.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+arr = [*0...100000]
+10_000.times {arr.sample 6000}
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sample_100k___10k.rb b/benchmark/array_sample_100k___10k.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5dd55ec058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sample_100k___10k.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+arr = [*0...100000]
+10_000.times {arr.sample 10_000}
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sample_100k___50k.rb b/benchmark/array_sample_100k___50k.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1506732c3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sample_100k___50k.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+arr = [*0...100000]
+10_000.times {arr.sample 50_000}
diff --git a/benchmark/array_shift.rb b/benchmark/array_shift.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..798bb9e3f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_shift.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+require 'benchmark'
+
+Benchmark.bm do |x|
+  [10_000,1_000_000,100_000_000].each do |n|
+    ary = Array.new(n,0)
+    GC.start
+    x.report("#{n}:shift"){ ary.shift }
+    (0..4).each do |i|
+      ary = Array.new(n,0)
+      GC.start
+      x.report("#{n}:shift(#{i})"){ ary.shift(i) }
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/array_small_and.rb b/benchmark/array_small_and.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e53a6edae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_small_and.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+MIN_SIZE = ENV.fetch('SMALL_ARRAY_MIN', 0).to_i
+MAX_SIZE = ENV.fetch('SMALL_ARRAY_MAX', 16).to_i
+ITERATIONS = ENV.fetch('SMALL_ARRAY_ITERATIONS', 100).to_i
+
+ARRAYS = (MIN_SIZE..MAX_SIZE).map do |size1|
+  (MIN_SIZE..MAX_SIZE).map do |size2|
+    [Array.new(size1) { rand(MAX_SIZE) }, Array.new(size2) { rand(MAX_SIZE) }]
+  end
+end
+
+ITERATIONS.times do
+  ARRAYS.each do |group|
+    group.each do |arr1, arr2|
+      arr1 & arr2
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/array_small_diff.rb b/benchmark/array_small_diff.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9661ee48db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_small_diff.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+MIN_SIZE = ENV.fetch('SMALL_ARRAY_MIN', 0).to_i
+MAX_SIZE = ENV.fetch('SMALL_ARRAY_MAX', 16).to_i
+ITERATIONS = ENV.fetch('SMALL_ARRAY_ITERATIONS', 100).to_i
+
+ARRAYS = (MIN_SIZE..MAX_SIZE).map do |size1|
+  (MIN_SIZE..MAX_SIZE).map do |size2|
+    [Array.new(size1) { rand(MAX_SIZE) }, Array.new(size2) { rand(MAX_SIZE) }]
+  end
+end
+
+ITERATIONS.times do
+  ARRAYS.each do |group|
+    group.each do |arr1, arr2|
+      arr1 - arr2
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/array_small_or.rb b/benchmark/array_small_or.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c58b5fd1ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_small_or.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+MIN_SIZE = ENV.fetch('SMALL_ARRAY_MIN', 0).to_i
+MAX_SIZE = ENV.fetch('SMALL_ARRAY_MAX', 16).to_i
+ITERATIONS = ENV.fetch('SMALL_ARRAY_ITERATIONS', 100).to_i
+
+ARRAYS = (MIN_SIZE..MAX_SIZE).map do |size1|
+  (MIN_SIZE..MAX_SIZE).map do |size2|
+    [Array.new(size1) { rand(MAX_SIZE) }, Array.new(size2) { rand(MAX_SIZE) }]
+  end
+end
+
+ITERATIONS.times do
+  ARRAYS.each do |group|
+    group.each do |arr1, arr2|
+      arr1 | arr2
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sort_block.rb b/benchmark/array_sort_block.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3579786056
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sort_block.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ary = Array.new(1000) { rand(1000) }
+10000.times { ary.sort { |a, b| a <=> b } }
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sort_float.rb b/benchmark/array_sort_float.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a6e2f8bd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sort_float.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+arr = Array.new(1000) { rand }
+10000.times { arr.sort }
diff --git a/benchmark/array_values_at_int.rb b/benchmark/array_values_at_int.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6cb394cb9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_values_at_int.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ary = Array.new(10000) {|i| i}
+100000.times { ary.values_at(500) }
diff --git a/benchmark/array_values_at_range.rb b/benchmark/array_values_at_range.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b53806d1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_values_at_range.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ary = Array.new(10000) {|i| i}
+100000.times { ary.values_at(1..2000) }
diff --git a/benchmark/bighash.rb b/benchmark/bighash.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2ad5a5c94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/bighash.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+h = {}; 5000000.times {|n| h[n] = n }
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_aobench.rb b/benchmark/bm_app_aobench.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index ffab116fcd..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_aobench.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,291 +0,0 @@
-# AO render benchmark
-# Original program (C) Syoyo Fujita in Javascript (and other languages)
-#      https://code.google.com/p/aobench/
-# Ruby(yarv2llvm) version by Hideki Miura
-#
-
-IMAGE_WIDTH = 256
-IMAGE_HEIGHT = 256
-NSUBSAMPLES = 2
-NAO_SAMPLES = 8
-
-class Vec
-  def initialize(x, y, z)
-    @x = x
-    @y = y
-    @z = z
-  end
-
-  attr_accessor :x, :y, :z
-
-  def vadd(b)
-    Vec.new(@x + b.x, @y + b.y, @z + b.z)
-  end
-
-  def vsub(b)
-    Vec.new(@x - b.x, @y - b.y, @z - b.z)
-  end
-
-  def vcross(b)
-    Vec.new(@y * b.z - @z * b.y,
-            @z * b.x - @x * b.z,
-            @x * b.y - @y * b.x)
-  end
-
-  def vdot(b)
-    @x * b.x + @y * b.y + @z * b.z
-  end
-
-  def vlength
-    Math.sqrt(@x * @x + @y * @y + @z * @z)
-  end
-
-  def vnormalize
-    len = vlength
-    v = Vec.new(@x, @y, @z)
-    if len > 1.0e-17 then
-      v.x = v.x / len
-      v.y = v.y / len
-      v.z = v.z / len
-    end
-    v
-  end
-end
-
-
-class Sphere
-  def initialize(center, radius)
-    @center = center
-    @radius = radius
-  end
-
-  attr_reader :center, :radius
-
-  def intersect(ray, isect)
-    rs = ray.org.vsub(@center)
-    b = rs.vdot(ray.dir)
-    c = rs.vdot(rs) - (@radius * @radius)
-    d = b * b - c
-    if d > 0.0 then
-      t = - b - Math.sqrt(d)
-
-      if t > 0.0 and t < isect.t then
-        isect.t = t
-        isect.hit = true
-        isect.pl = Vec.new(ray.org.x + ray.dir.x * t,
-                          ray.org.y + ray.dir.y * t,
-                          ray.org.z + ray.dir.z * t)
-        n = isect.pl.vsub(@center)
-        isect.n = n.vnormalize
-      else
-        0.0
-      end
-    end
-    nil
-  end
-end
-
-class Plane
-  def initialize(p, n)
-    @p = p
-    @n = n
-  end
-
-  def intersect(ray, isect)
-    d = -@p.vdot(@n)
-    v = ray.dir.vdot(@n)
-    v0 = v
-    if v < 0.0 then
-      v0 = -v
-    end
-    if v0 < 1.0e-17 then
-      return
-    end
-
-    t = -(ray.org.vdot(@n) + d) / v
-
-    if t > 0.0 and t < isect.t then
-      isect.hit = true
-      isect.t = t
-      isect.n = @n
-      isect.pl = Vec.new(ray.org.x + t * ray.dir.x,
-                        ray.org.y + t * ray.dir.y,
-                        ray.org.z + t * ray.dir.z)
-    end
-    nil
-  end
-end
-
-class Ray
-  def initialize(org, dir)
-    @org = org
-    @dir = dir
-  end
-
-  attr_accessor :org, :dir
-end
-
-class Isect
-  def initialize
-    @t = 10000000.0
-    @hit = false
-    @pl = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
-    @n = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
-  end
-
-  attr_accessor :t, :hit, :pl, :n
-end
-
-def clamp(f)
-  i = f * 255.5
-  if i > 255.0 then
-    i = 255.0
-  end
-  if i < 0.0 then
-    i = 0.0
-  end
-  i.to_i
-end
-
-def otherBasis(basis, n)
-  basis[2] = Vec.new(n.x, n.y, n.z)
-  basis[1] = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
-
-  if n.x < 0.6 and n.x > -0.6 then
-    basis[1].x = 1.0
-  elsif n.y < 0.6 and n.y > -0.6 then
-    basis[1].y = 1.0
-  elsif n.z < 0.6 and n.z > -0.6 then
-    basis[1].z = 1.0
-  else
-    basis[1].x = 1.0
-  end
-
-  basis[0] = basis[1].vcross(basis[2])
-  basis[0] = basis[0].vnormalize
-
-  basis[1] = basis[2].vcross(basis[0])
-  basis[1] = basis[1].vnormalize
-end
-
-class Scene
-  def initialize
-    @spheres = Array.new
-    @spheres[0] = Sphere.new(Vec.new(-2.0, 0.0, -3.5), 0.5)
-    @spheres[1] = Sphere.new(Vec.new(-0.5, 0.0, -3.0), 0.5)
-    @spheres[2] = Sphere.new(Vec.new(1.0, 0.0, -2.2), 0.5)
-    @plane = Plane.new(Vec.new(0.0, -0.5, 0.0), Vec.new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0))
-  end
-
-  def ambient_occlusion(isect)
-    basis = Array.new
-    otherBasis(basis, isect.n)
-
-    ntheta    = NAO_SAMPLES
-    nphi      = NAO_SAMPLES
-    eps       = 0.0001
-    occlusion = 0.0
-
-    p0 = Vec.new(isect.pl.x + eps * isect.n.x,
-                isect.pl.y + eps * isect.n.y,
-                isect.pl.z + eps * isect.n.z)
-    nphi.times do |j|
-      ntheta.times do |i|
-        r = rand
-        phi = 2.0 * 3.14159265 * rand
-        x = Math.cos(phi) * Math.sqrt(1.0 - r)
-        y = Math.sin(phi) * Math.sqrt(1.0 - r)
-        z = Math.sqrt(r)
-
-        rx = x * basis[0].x + y * basis[1].x + z * basis[2].x
-        ry = x * basis[0].y + y * basis[1].y + z * basis[2].y
-        rz = x * basis[0].z + y * basis[1].z + z * basis[2].z
-
-        raydir = Vec.new(rx, ry, rz)
-        ray = Ray.new(p0, raydir)
-
-        occisect = Isect.new
-        @spheres[0].intersect(ray, occisect)
-        @spheres[1].intersect(ray, occisect)
-        @spheres[2].intersect(ray, occisect)
-        @plane.intersect(ray, occisect)
-        if occisect.hit then
-          occlusion = occlusion + 1.0
-        else
-          0.0
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    occlusion = (ntheta.to_f * nphi.to_f - occlusion) / (ntheta.to_f * nphi.to_f)
-
-    Vec.new(occlusion, occlusion, occlusion)
-  end
-
-  def render(w, h, nsubsamples)
-    cnt = 0
-    nsf = nsubsamples.to_f
-    h.times do |y|
-      w.times do |x|
-        rad = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
-
-        # Subsmpling
-        nsubsamples.times do |v|
-          nsubsamples.times do |u|
-
-            cnt = cnt + 1
-            wf = w.to_f
-            hf = h.to_f
-            xf = x.to_f
-            yf = y.to_f
-            uf = u.to_f
-            vf = v.to_f
-
-            px = (xf + (uf / nsf) - (wf / 2.0)) / (wf / 2.0)
-            py = -(yf + (vf / nsf) - (hf / 2.0)) / (hf / 2.0)
-
-            eye = Vec.new(px, py, -1.0).vnormalize
-
-            ray = Ray.new(Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), eye)
-
-            isect = Isect.new
-            @spheres[0].intersect(ray, isect)
-            @spheres[1].intersect(ray, isect)
-            @spheres[2].intersect(ray, isect)
-            @plane.intersect(ray, isect)
-            if isect.hit then
-              col = ambient_occlusion(isect)
-              rad.x = rad.x + col.x
-              rad.y = rad.y + col.y
-              rad.z = rad.z + col.z
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        r = rad.x / (nsf * nsf)
-        g = rad.y / (nsf * nsf)
-        b = rad.z / (nsf * nsf)
-        printf("%c", clamp(r))
-        printf("%c", clamp(g))
-        printf("%c", clamp(b))
-      end
-      nil
-    end
-
-    nil
-  end
-end
-
-alias printf_orig printf
-def printf *args
-end
-
-# File.open("ao.ppm", "w") do |fp|
-  printf("P6\n")
-  printf("%d %d\n", IMAGE_WIDTH, IMAGE_HEIGHT)
-  printf("255\n", IMAGE_WIDTH, IMAGE_HEIGHT)
-  Scene.new.render(IMAGE_WIDTH, IMAGE_HEIGHT, NSUBSAMPLES)
-# end
-
-undef printf
-alias printf printf_orig
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_erb.rb b/benchmark/bm_app_erb.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 77c66a7949..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_erb.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Create many HTML strings with ERB.
-#
-
-require 'erb'
-
-data = DATA.read
-max = 15_000
-title = "hello world!"
-content = "hello world!\n" * 10
-
-max.times{
-  ERB.new(data).result(binding)
-}
-
-__END__
-
-<html>
-  <head> <%= title %> </head>
-  <body>
-    <h1> <%= title %> </h1>
-    <p>
-      <%= content %>
-    </p>
-  </body>
-</html>
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_pentomino.rb b/benchmark/bm_app_pentomino.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 59c63f358e..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_pentomino.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,259 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/local/bin/ruby
-# This program is contributed by Shin Nishiyama
-
-
-# modified by K.Sasada
-
-NP = 5
-ROW = 8 + NP
-COL = 8
-
-$p = []
-$b = []
-$no = 0
-
-def piece(n, a, nb)
-  nb.each{|x|
-    a[n] = x
-    if n == NP-1
-      $p << [a.sort]
-    else
-      nbc=nb.dup
-      [-ROW, -1, 1, ROW].each{|d|
-        if x+d > 0 and not a.include?(x+d) and not nbc.include?(x+d)
-          nbc << x+d
-        end
-      }
-      nbc.delete x
-      piece(n+1,a[0..n],nbc)
-    end
-  }
-end
-
-def kikaku(a)
-  a.collect {|x| x - a[0]}
-end
-def ud(a)
-  kikaku(a.collect {|x| ((x+NP)%ROW)-ROW*((x+NP)/ROW) }.sort)
-end
-def rl(a)
-  kikaku(a.collect {|x| ROW*((x+NP)/ROW)+ROW-((x+NP)%ROW)}.sort)
-end
-def xy(a)
-  kikaku(a.collect {|x| ROW*((x+NP)%ROW) + (x+NP)/ROW }.sort)
-end
-
-def mkpieces
-  piece(0,[],[0])
-  $p.each do |a|
-    a0 = a[0]
-    a[1] = ud(a0)
-    a[2] = rl(a0)
-    a[3] = ud(rl(a0))
-    a[4] = xy(a0)
-    a[5] = ud(xy(a0))
-    a[6] = rl(xy(a0))
-    a[7] = ud(rl(xy(a0)))
-    a.sort!
-    a.uniq!
-  end
-  $p.uniq!.sort! {|x,y| x[0] <=> y[0] }
-end
-
-def mkboard
-  (0...ROW*COL).each{|i|
-    if i % ROW >= ROW-NP
-      $b[i] = -2
-    else
-      $b[i] = -1
-    end
-    $b[3*ROW+3]=$b[3*ROW+4]=$b[4*ROW+3]=$b[4*ROW+4]=-2
-  }
-end
-
-def pboard
-  return # skip print
-  print "No. #$no\n"
-  (0...COL).each{|i|
-    print "|"
-    (0...ROW-NP).each{|j|
-      x = $b[i*ROW+j]
-      if x < 0
-        print "..|"
-      else
-        printf "%2d|",x+1
-      end
-    }
-    print "\n"
-  }
-  print "\n"
-end
-
-$pnum=[]
-def setpiece(a,pos)
-  if a.length == $p.length then
-    $no += 1
-    pboard
-    return
-  end
-  while $b[pos] != -1
-    pos += 1
-  end
-  ($pnum - a).each do |i|
-    $p[i].each do |x|
-      f = 0
-      x.each{|s|
-        if $b[pos+s] != -1
-          f=1
-          break
-        end
-      }
-      if f == 0 then
-        x.each{|s|
-          $b[pos+s] = i
-        }
-        a << i
-        setpiece(a.dup, pos)
-        a.pop
-        x.each{|s|
-          $b[pos+s] = -1
-        }
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-mkpieces
-mkboard
-$p[4] = [$p[4][0]]
-$pnum = (0...$p.length).to_a
-setpiece([],0)
-
-
-__END__
-
-# original
-
-NP = 5
-ROW = 8 + NP
-COL = 8
-
-$p = []
-$b = []
-$no = 0
-
-def piece(n,a,nb)
-  for x in nb
-    a[n] = x
-    if n == NP-1
-      $p << [a.sort]
-    else
-      nbc=nb.dup
-      for d in [-ROW, -1, 1, ROW]
-        if x+d > 0 and not a.include?(x+d) and not nbc.include?(x+d)
-          nbc << x+d
-        end
-      end
-      nbc.delete x
-      piece(n+1,a[0..n],nbc)
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-def kikaku(a)
-  a.collect {|x| x - a[0]}
-end
-def ud(a)
-  kikaku(a.collect {|x| ((x+NP)%ROW)-ROW*((x+NP)/ROW) }.sort)
-end
-def rl(a)
-  kikaku(a.collect {|x| ROW*((x+NP)/ROW)+ROW-((x+NP)%ROW)}.sort)
-end
-def xy(a)
-  kikaku(a.collect {|x| ROW*((x+NP)%ROW) + (x+NP)/ROW }.sort)
-end
-
-def mkpieces
-  piece(0,[],[0])
-  $p.each do |a|
-    a0 = a[0]
-    a[1] = ud(a0)
-    a[2] = rl(a0)
-    a[3] = ud(rl(a0))
-    a[4] = xy(a0)
-    a[5] = ud(xy(a0))
-    a[6] = rl(xy(a0))
-    a[7] = ud(rl(xy(a0)))
-    a.sort!
-    a.uniq!
-  end
-  $p.uniq!.sort! {|x,y| x[0] <=> y[0] }
-end
-
-def mkboard
-  for i in 0...ROW*COL
-    if i % ROW >= ROW-NP
-      $b[i] = -2
-    else
-      $b[i] = -1
-    end
-    $b[3*ROW+3]=$b[3*ROW+4]=$b[4*ROW+3]=$b[4*ROW+4]=-2
-  end
-end
-
-def pboard
-  print "No. #$no\n"
-  for i in 0...COL
-    print "|"
-    for j in 0...ROW-NP
-      x = $b[i*ROW+j]
-      if x < 0
-        print "..|"
-      else
-        printf "%2d|",x+1
-      end
-    end
-    print "\n"
-  end
-  print "\n"
-end
-
-$pnum=[]
-def setpiece(a,pos)
-  if a.length == $p.length then
-    $no += 1
-    pboard
-    return
-  end
-  while $b[pos] != -1
-    pos += 1
-  end
-  ($pnum - a).each do |i|
-    $p[i].each do |x|
-      f = 0
-      for s in x do
-        if $b[pos+s] != -1
-          f=1
-          break
-        end
-      end
-      if f == 0 then
-        for s in x do
-          $b[pos+s] = i
-        end
-        a << i
-        setpiece(a.dup, pos)
-        a.pop
-        for s in x do
-          $b[pos+s] = -1
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-mkpieces
-mkboard
-$p[4] = [$p[4][0]]
-$pnum = (0...$p.length).to_a
-setpiece([],0)
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_ackermann.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_ackermann.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 7db5be9050..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_ackermann.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby -*-
-# $Id: ackermann-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:40:41 bfulgham Exp $
-# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
-
-def ack(m, n)
-    if m == 0 then
-        n + 1
-    elsif n == 0 then
-        ack(m - 1, 1)
-    else
-        ack(m - 1, ack(m, n - 1))
-    end
-end
-
-NUM = 9
-ack(3, NUM)
-
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_array.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_array.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 2b8fce8f99..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_array.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby -*-
-# $Id: ary-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:41:27 bfulgham Exp $
-# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
-# with help from Paul Brannan and Mark Hubbart
-
-n = 9000 # Integer(ARGV.shift || 1)
-
-x = Array.new(n)
-y = Array.new(n, 0)
-
-n.times{|bi|
-  x[bi] = bi + 1
-}
-
-(0 .. 999).each do |e|
-  (n-1).step(0,-1) do |bi|
-    y[bi] += x.at(bi)
-  end
-end
-# puts "#{y.first} #{y.last}"
-
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_concatenate.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_concatenate.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 873214de7c..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_concatenate.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby -*-
-# $Id: strcat-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:43:28 bfulgham Exp $
-# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
-# based on code from Aristarkh A Zagorodnikov and Dat Nguyen
-
-STUFF = "hello\n"
-i = 0
-while i<10
-  i += 1
-  hello = ''
-  4_000_000.times do |e|
-    hello << STUFF
-  end
-end
-# puts hello.length
-
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_count_words.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_count_words.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 65f6337a4a..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_count_words.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby -*-
-# $Id: wc-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:43:32 bfulgham Exp $
-# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
-# with help from Paul Brannan
-
-input = open(File.join(File.dirname($0), 'wc.input'), 'rb')
-
-nl = nw = nc = 0
-while true
-  tmp = input.read(4096) or break
-  data = tmp << (input.gets || "")
-  nc += data.length
-  nl += data.count("\n")
-  ((data.strip! || data).tr!("\n", " ") || data).squeeze!
-  nw += data.count(" ") + 1
-end
-# STDERR.puts "#{nl} #{nw} #{nc}"
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_exception.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_exception.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index deb003a594..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_exception.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby -*-
-# $Id: except-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:41:33 bfulgham Exp $
-# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
-
-$HI = 0
-$LO = 0
-NUM = 250000 # Integer(ARGV[0] || 1)
-
-
-class Lo_Exception < Exception
-  def initialize(num)
-    @value = num
-  end
-end
-
-class Hi_Exception < Exception
-  def initialize(num)
-    @value = num
-  end
-end
-
-def some_function(num)
-  begin
-    hi_function(num)
-  rescue
-    print "We shouldn't get here, exception is: #{$!.type}\n"
-  end
-end
-
-def hi_function(num)
-  begin
-    lo_function(num)
-  rescue Hi_Exception
-    $HI = $HI + 1
-  end
-end
-
-def lo_function(num)
-  begin
-    blowup(num)
-  rescue Lo_Exception
-    $LO = $LO + 1
-  end
-end
-
-def blowup(num)
-  if num % 2 == 0
-    raise Lo_Exception.new(num)
-  else
-    raise Hi_Exception.new(num)
-  end
-end
-
-
-i = 1
-max = NUM+1
-while i < max
-  i += 1
-  some_function(i+1)
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_fasta.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_fasta.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 3f759ba7ae..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_fasta.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-# The Computer Language Shootout
-# http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
-# Contributed by Sokolov Yura
-
-$last = 42.0
-def gen_random (max,im=139968,ia=3877,ic=29573)
-    (max * ($last = ($last * ia + ic) % im)) / im
-end
-
-alu =
-   "GGCCGGGCGCGGTGGCTCACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGG"+
-   "GAGGCCGAGGCGGGCGGATCACCTGAGGTCAGGAGTTCGAGA"+
-   "CCAGCCTGGCCAACATGGTGAAACCCCGTCTCTACTAAAAAT"+
-   "ACAAAAATTAGCCGGGCGTGGTGGCGCGCGCCTGTAATCCCA"+
-   "GCTACTCGGGAGGCTGAGGCAGGAGAATCGCTTGAACCCGGG"+
-   "AGGCGGAGGTTGCAGTGAGCCGAGATCGCGCCACTGCACTCC"+
-   "AGCCTGGGCGACAGAGCGAGACTCCGTCTCAAAAA"
-
-iub = [
-    ["a", 0.27],
-    ["c", 0.12],
-    ["g", 0.12],
-    ["t", 0.27],
-
-    ["B", 0.02],
-    ["D", 0.02],
-    ["H", 0.02],
-    ["K", 0.02],
-    ["M", 0.02],
-    ["N", 0.02],
-    ["R", 0.02],
-    ["S", 0.02],
-    ["V", 0.02],
-    ["W", 0.02],
-    ["Y", 0.02],
-]
-homosapiens = [
-    ["a", 0.3029549426680],
-    ["c", 0.1979883004921],
-    ["g", 0.1975473066391],
-    ["t", 0.3015094502008],
-]
-
-def make_repeat_fasta(id, desc, src, n)
-    puts ">#{id} #{desc}"
-    v = nil
-    width = 60
-    l = src.length
-    s = src * ((n / l) + 1)
-    s.slice!(n, l)
-    puts(s.scan(/.{1,#{width}}/).join("\n"))
-end
-
-def make_random_fasta(id, desc, table, n)
-    puts ">#{id} #{desc}"
-    rand, v = nil,nil
-    width = 60
-    chunk = 1 * width
-    prob = 0.0
-    table.each{|v| v[1]= (prob += v[1])}
-    for i in 1..(n/width)
-        puts((1..width).collect{
-            rand = gen_random(1.0)
-            table.find{|v| v[1]>rand}[0]
-        }.join)
-    end
-    if n%width != 0
-        puts((1..(n%width)).collect{
-            rand = gen_random(1.0)
-            table.find{|v| v[1]>rand}[0]
-        }.join)
-    end
-end
-
-
-n = (ARGV[0] or 250_000).to_i
-
-make_repeat_fasta('ONE', 'Homo sapiens alu', alu, n*2)
-make_random_fasta('TWO', 'IUB ambiguity codes', iub, n*3)
-make_random_fasta('THREE', 'Homo sapiens frequency', homosapiens, n*5)
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_k_nucleotide.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_k_nucleotide.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index dadab3e79c..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_k_nucleotide.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-# The Computer Language Shootout
-# http://shootout.alioth.debian.org
-#
-# contributed by jose fco. gonzalez
-# modified by Sokolov Yura
-
-seq = String.new
-
-def frecuency( seq,length )
-    n, table = seq.length - length + 1, Hash.new(0)
-    f, i = nil, nil
-    (0 ... length).each do |f|
-        (f ... n).step(length) do |i|
-            table[seq[i,length]] += 1
-        end
-    end
-    [n,table]
-
-end
-
-def sort_by_freq( seq,length )
-    n,table = frecuency( seq,length )
-    a, b, v = nil, nil, nil
-    table.sort{|a,b| b[1] <=> a[1]}.each do |v|
-        puts "%s %.3f" % [v[0].upcase,((v[1]*100).to_f/n)]
-    end
-    puts
-end
-
-def find_seq( seq,s )
-    n,table = frecuency( seq,s.length )
-    puts "#{table[s].to_s}\t#{s.upcase}"
-end
-
-input = open(File.join(File.dirname($0), 'fasta.output.100000'), 'rb')
-
-line = input.gets while line !~ /^>THREE/
-line = input.gets
-
-while (line !~ /^>/) & line do
-    seq << line.chomp
-    line = input.gets
-end
-
-[1,2].each {|i| sort_by_freq( seq,i ) }
-
-%w(ggt ggta ggtatt ggtattttaatt ggtattttaatttatagt).each{|s| find_seq( seq,s) }
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_matrix.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_matrix.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index e2c5c8e559..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_matrix.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby -*-
-# $Id: matrix-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:42:14 bfulgham Exp $
-# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
-
-n = 60 #Integer(ARGV.shift || 1)
-
-size = 40
-
-def mkmatrix(rows, cols)
-    count = 1
-    mx = Array.new(rows)
-    (0 .. (rows - 1)).each do |bi|
-        row = Array.new(cols, 0)
-        (0 .. (cols - 1)).each do |j|
-            row[j] = count
-            count += 1
-        end
-        mx[bi] = row
-    end
-    mx
-end
-
-def mmult(rows, cols, m1, m2)
-    m3 = Array.new(rows)
-    (0 .. (rows - 1)).each do |bi|
-        row = Array.new(cols, 0)
-        (0 .. (cols - 1)).each do |j|
-            val = 0
-            (0 .. (cols - 1)).each do |k|
-                val += m1.at(bi).at(k) * m2.at(k).at(j)
-            end
-            row[j] = val
-        end
-        m3[bi] = row
-    end
-    m3
-end
-
-m1 = mkmatrix(size, size)
-m2 = mkmatrix(size, size)
-mm = Array.new
-n.times do
-    mm = mmult(size, size, m1, m2)
-end
-# puts "#{mm[0][0]} #{mm[2][3]} #{mm[3][2]} #{mm[4][4]}"
-
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_meteor_contest.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_meteor_contest.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b8e93bd150..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_meteor_contest.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,564 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-#
-# The Computer Language Shootout
-#   http://shootout.alioth.debian.org
-#   contributed by Kevin Barnes (Ruby novice)
-
-# PROGRAM:  the main body is at the bottom.
-#   1) read about the problem here: http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-javaopt/
-#   2) see how I represent a board as a bitmask by reading the blank_board comments
-#   3) read as your mental paths take you
-
-def print *args
-end
-
-# class to represent all information about a particular rotation of a particular piece
-class Rotation
-  # an array (by location) containing a bit mask for how the piece maps at the given location.
-  # if the rotation is invalid at that location the mask will contain false
-  attr_reader :start_masks
-
-  # maps a direction to a relative location.  these differ depending on whether it is an even or
-  # odd row being mapped from
-  @@rotation_even_adder = { :west => -1, :east => 1, :nw => -7, :ne => -6, :sw => 5, :se => 6 }
-  @@rotation_odd_adder = { :west => -1, :east => 1, :nw => -6, :ne => -5, :sw => 6, :se => 7 }
-
-  def initialize( directions )
-    @even_offsets, @odd_offsets = normalize_offsets( get_values( directions ))
-
-    @even_mask = mask_for_offsets( @even_offsets)
-    @odd_mask = mask_for_offsets( @odd_offsets)
-
-    @start_masks = Array.new(60)
-
-    # create the rotational masks by placing the base mask at the location and seeing if
-    # 1) it overlaps the boundaries and 2) it produces a prunable board.  if either of these
-    # is true the piece cannot be placed
-    0.upto(59) do | offset |
-      mask = is_even(offset) ? (@even_mask << offset) : (@odd_mask << offset)
-      if (blank_board & mask == 0 && !prunable(blank_board | mask, 0, true)) then
-        imask = compute_required( mask, offset)
-        @start_masks[offset] = [ mask, imask, imask | mask ]
-      else
-        @start_masks[offset] = false
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def compute_required( mask, offset )
-    board = blank_board
-    0.upto(offset) { | i | board |= 1 << i }
-    board |= mask
-    return 0 if (!prunable(board | mask, offset))
-    board = flood_fill(board,58)
-    count = 0
-    imask = 0
-    0.upto(59) do | i |
-      if (board[i] == 0) then
-        imask |= (1 << i)
-        count += 1
-      end
-    end
-    (count > 0 && count < 5) ? imask : 0
-  end
-
-  def flood_fill( board, location)
-    return board if (board[location] == 1)
-    board |= 1 << location
-    row, col = location.divmod(6)
-    board = flood_fill( board, location - 1) if (col > 0)
-    board = flood_fill( board, location + 1) if (col < 4)
-    if (row % 2 == 0) then
-      board = flood_fill( board, location - 7) if (col > 0 && row > 0)
-      board = flood_fill( board, location - 6) if (row > 0)
-      board = flood_fill( board, location + 6) if (row < 9)
-      board = flood_fill( board, location + 5) if (col > 0 && row < 9)
-    else
-      board = flood_fill( board, location - 5) if (col < 4 && row > 0)
-      board = flood_fill( board, location - 6) if (row > 0)
-      board = flood_fill( board, location + 6) if (row < 9)
-      board = flood_fill( board, location + 7) if (col < 4 && row < 9)
-    end
-    board
-  end
-
-  # given a location, produces a list of relative locations covered by the piece at this rotation
-  def offsets( location)
-    if is_even( location) then
-      @even_offsets.collect { | value | value + location }
-    else
-      @odd_offsets.collect { | value | value + location }
-    end
-  end
-
-  # returns a set of offsets relative to the top-left most piece of the rotation (by even or odd rows)
-  # this is hard to explain. imagine we have this partial board:
-  #   0 0 0 0 0 x        [positions 0-5]
-  #    0 0 1 1 0 x       [positions 6-11]
-  #   0 0 1 0 0 x        [positions 12-17]
-  #    0 1 0 0 0 x       [positions 18-23]
-  #   0 1 0 0 0 x        [positions 24-29]
-  #    0 0 0 0 0 x       [positions 30-35]
-  #       ...
-  # The top-left of the piece is at position 8, the
-  # board would be passed as a set of positions (values array) containing [8,9,14,19,25] not necessarily in that
-  # sorted order.  Since that array starts on an odd row, the offsets for an odd row are: [0,1,6,11,17] obtained
-  # by subtracting 8 from everything.  Now imagine the piece shifted up and to the right so it's on an even row:
-  #   0 0 0 1 1 x        [positions 0-5]
-  #    0 0 1 0 0 x       [positions 6-11]
-  #   0 0 1 0 0 x        [positions 12-17]
-  #    0 1 0 0 0 x       [positions 18-23]
-  #   0 0 0 0 0 x        [positions 24-29]
-  #    0 0 0 0 0 x       [positions 30-35]
-  #       ...
-  # Now the positions are [3,4,8,14,19] which after subtracting the lowest value (3) gives [0,1,5,11,16] thus, the
-  # offsets for this particular piece are (in even, odd order) [0,1,5,11,16],[0,1,6,11,17] which is what
-  # this function would return
-  def normalize_offsets( values)
-    min = values.min
-    even_min = is_even(min)
-    other_min = even_min ? min + 6 : min + 7
-    other_values = values.collect do | value |
-      if is_even(value) then
-        value + 6 - other_min
-      else
-        value + 7 - other_min
-      end
-    end
-    values.collect! { | value | value - min }
-
-    if even_min then
-      [values, other_values]
-    else
-      [other_values, values]
-    end
-  end
-
-  # produce a bitmask representation of an array of offset locations
-  def mask_for_offsets( offsets )
-    mask = 0
-    offsets.each { | value | mask = mask + ( 1 << value ) }
-    mask
-  end
-
-  # finds a "safe" position that a position as described by a list of directions can be placed
-  # without falling off any edge of the board.  the values returned a location to place the first piece
-  # at so it will fit after making the described moves
-  def start_adjust( directions )
-    south = east = 0;
-    directions.each do | direction |
-      east += 1 if ( direction == :sw || direction == :nw || direction == :west )
-      south += 1 if ( direction == :nw || direction == :ne )
-    end
-    south * 6 + east
-  end
-
-  # given a set of directions places the piece (as defined by a set of directions) on the board at
-  # a location that will not take it off the edge
-  def get_values ( directions )
-    start = start_adjust(directions)
-    values = [ start ]
-    directions.each do | direction |
-      if (start % 12 >= 6) then
-        start += @@rotation_odd_adder[direction]
-      else
-        start += @@rotation_even_adder[direction]
-      end
-      values += [ start ]
-    end
-
-    # some moves take you back to an existing location, we'll strip duplicates
-    values.uniq
-  end
-end
-
-# describes a piece and caches information about its rotations to as to be efficient for iteration
-# ATTRIBUTES:
-#   rotations -- all the rotations of the piece
-#   type -- a numeic "name" of the piece
-#   masks -- an array by location of all legal rotational masks (a n inner array) for that location
-#   placed -- the mask that this piece was last placed at (not a location, but the actual mask used)
-class Piece
-  attr_reader :rotations, :type, :masks
-  attr_accessor :placed
-
-  # transform hashes that change one direction into another when you either flip or rotate a set of directions
-  @@flip_converter = { :west => :west, :east => :east, :nw => :sw, :ne => :se, :sw => :nw, :se => :ne }
-  @@rotate_converter = { :west => :nw, :east => :se, :nw => :ne, :ne => :east, :sw => :west, :se => :sw }
-
-  def initialize( directions, type )
-    @type = type
-    @rotations = Array.new();
-    @map = {}
-
-    generate_rotations( directions )
-    directions.collect! { | value | @@flip_converter[value] }
-    generate_rotations( directions )
-
-    # creates the masks AND a map that returns [location, rotation] for any given mask
-    # this is used when a board is found and we want to draw it, otherwise the map is unused
-    @masks = Array.new();
-    0.upto(59) do | i |
-      even = true
-      @masks[i] = @rotations.collect do | rotation |
-        mask = rotation.start_masks[i]
-        @map[mask[0]] = [ i, rotation ] if (mask)
-        mask || nil
-      end
-      @masks[i].compact!
-    end
-  end
-
-  # rotates a set of directions through all six angles and adds a Rotation to the list for each one
-  def generate_rotations( directions )
-    6.times do
-      rotations.push( Rotation.new(directions))
-      directions.collect! { | value | @@rotate_converter[value] }
-    end
-  end
-
-  # given a board string, adds this piece to the board at whatever location/rotation
-  # important: the outbound board string is 5 wide, the normal location notation is six wide (padded)
-  def fill_string( board_string)
-    location, rotation = @map[@placed]
-    rotation.offsets(location).each do | offset |
-      row, col = offset.divmod(6)
-      board_string[ row*5 + col, 1 ] = @type.to_s
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-# a blank bit board having this form:
-#
-#    0 0 0 0 0 1
-#     0 0 0 0 0 1
-#    0 0 0 0 0 1
-#     0 0 0 0 0 1
-#    0 0 0 0 0 1
-#     0 0 0 0 0 1
-#    0 0 0 0 0 1
-#     0 0 0 0 0 1
-#    0 0 0 0 0 1
-#     0 0 0 0 0 1
-#    1 1 1 1 1 1
-#
-# where left lest significant bit is the top left and the most significant is the lower right
-# the actual board only consists of the 0 places, the 1 places are blockers to keep things from running
-# off the edges or bottom
-def blank_board
-  0b111111100000100000100000100000100000100000100000100000100000100000
-end
-
-def full_board
-  0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
-end
-
-# determines if a location (bit position) is in an even row
-def is_even( location)
-  (location % 12) < 6
-end
-
-# support function that create three utility maps:
-#  $converter -- for each row an array that maps a five bit row (via array mapping)
-#                to the a a five bit representation of the bits below it
-#  $bit_count -- maps a five bit row (via array mapping) to the number of 1s in the row
-#  @@new_regions -- maps a five bit row (via array mapping) to an array of "region" arrays
-#                   a region array has three values the first is a mask of bits in the region,
-#                   the second is the count of those bits and the third is identical to the first
-#                   examples:
-#                           0b10010 => [ 0b01100, 2, 0b01100 ], [ 0b00001, 1, 0b00001]
-#                           0b01010 => [ 0b10000, 1, 0b10000 ], [ 0b00100, 1, 0b00100 ], [ 0b00001, 1, 0b00001]
-#                           0b10001 => [ 0b01110, 3, 0b01110 ]
-def create_collector_support
-  odd_map = [0b11, 0b110, 0b1100, 0b11000, 0b10000]
-  even_map = [0b1, 0b11, 0b110, 0b1100, 0b11000]
-
-  all_odds = Array.new(0b100000)
-  all_evens = Array.new(0b100000)
-  bit_counts = Array.new(0b100000)
-  new_regions = Array.new(0b100000)
-  0.upto(0b11111) do | i |
-    bit_count = odd = even = 0
-    0.upto(4) do | bit |
-      if (i[bit] == 1) then
-        bit_count += 1
-        odd |= odd_map[bit]
-        even |= even_map[bit]
-      end
-    end
-    all_odds[i] = odd
-    all_evens[i] = even
-    bit_counts[i] = bit_count
-    new_regions[i] = create_regions( i)
-  end
-
-  $converter = []
-  10.times { | row | $converter.push((row % 2 == 0) ? all_evens : all_odds) }
-  $bit_counts = bit_counts
-  $regions = new_regions.collect { | set | set.collect { | value | [ value, bit_counts[value], value] } }
-end
-
-# determines if a board is punable, meaning that there is no possibility that it
-# can be filled up with pieces.  A board is prunable if there is a grouping of unfilled spaces
-# that are not a multiple of five.  The following board is an example of a prunable board:
-#    0 0 1 0 0
-#     0 1 0 0 0
-#    1 1 0 0 0
-#     0 1 0 0 0
-#    0 0 0 0 0
-#       ...
-#
-# This board is prunable because the top left corner is only 3 bits in area, no piece will ever fit it
-# parameters:
-#   board -- an initial bit board (6 bit padded rows, see blank_board for format)
-#   location -- starting location, everything above and to the left is already full
-#   slotting -- set to true only when testing initial pieces, when filling normally
-#               additional assumptions are possible
-#
-# Algorithm:
-#    The algorithm starts at the top row (as determined by location) and iterates a row at a time
-#    maintainng counts of active open areas (kept in the collector array) each collector contains
-#    three values at the start of an iteration:
-#          0: mask of bits that would be adjacent to the collector in this row
-#          1: the number of bits collected so far
-#          2: a scratch space starting as zero, but used during the computation to represent
-#             the empty bits in the new row that are adjacent (position 0)
-#  The exact procedure is described in-code
-def prunable( board, location, slotting = false)
-  collectors = []
-  # loop across the rows
-  (location / 6).to_i.upto(9) do | row_on |
-    # obtain a set of regions representing the bits of the current row.
-    regions = $regions[(board >> (row_on * 6)) & 0b11111]
-    converter = $converter[row_on]
-
-    # track the number of collectors at the start of the cycle so that
-    # we don't compute against newly created collectors, only existing collectors
-    initial_collector_count = collectors.length
-
-    # loop against the regions.  For each region of the row
-    # we will see if it connects to one or more existing collectors.
-    # if it connects to 1 collector, the bits from the region are added to the
-    # bits of the collector and the mask is placed in collector[2]
-    # If the region overlaps more than one collector then all the collectors
-    # it overlaps with are merged into the first one (the others are set to nil in the array)
-    # if NO collectors are found then the region is copied as a new collector
-    regions.each do | region |
-      collector_found = nil
-      region_mask = region[2]
-      initial_collector_count.times do | collector_num |
-        collector = collectors[collector_num]
-        if (collector) then
-          collector_mask = collector[0]
-          if (collector_mask & region_mask != 0) then
-            if (collector_found) then
-              collector_found[0] |= collector_mask
-              collector_found[1] += collector[1]
-              collector_found[2] |= collector[2]
-              collectors[collector_num] = nil
-            else
-              collector_found = collector
-              collector[1] += region[1]
-              collector[2] |= region_mask
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-      if (collector_found == nil) then
-        collectors.push(Array.new(region))
-      end
-    end
-
-    # check the existing collectors, if any collector overlapped no bits in the region its [2] value will
-    # be zero.  The size of any such reaason is tested if it is not a multiple of five true is returned since
-    # the board is prunable.  if it is a multiple of five it is removed.
-    # Collector that are still active have a new adjacent value [0] set based n the matched bits
-    # and have [2] cleared out for the next cycle.
-    collectors.length.times do | collector_num |
-      collector = collectors[collector_num]
-      if (collector) then
-        if (collector[2] == 0) then
-          return true if (collector[1] % 5 != 0)
-          collectors[collector_num] = nil
-        else
-          # if a collector matches all bits in the row then we can return unprunable early for the
-          # following reasons:
-          #    1) there can be no more unavailable bits bince we fill from the top left downward
-          #    2) all previous regions have been closed or joined so only this region can fail
-          #    3) this region must be good since there can never be only 1 region that is nuot
-          #       a multiple of five
-          # this rule only applies when filling normally, so we ignore the rule if we are "slotting"
-          # in pieces to see what configurations work for them (the only other time this algorithm is used).
-          return false if (collector[2] == 0b11111 && !slotting)
-          collector[0] = converter[collector[2]]
-          collector[2] = 0
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # get rid of all the empty converters for the next round
-    collectors.compact!
-  end
-  return false if (collectors.length <= 1) # 1 collector or less and the region is fine
-  collectors.any? { | collector | (collector[1] % 5) != 0 } # more than 1 and we test them all for bad size
-end
-
-# creates a region given a row mask.  see prunable for what a "region" is
-def create_regions( value )
-  regions = []
-  cur_region = 0
-  5.times do | bit |
-    if (value[bit] == 0) then
-      cur_region |= 1 << bit
-    else
-      if (cur_region != 0 ) then
-        regions.push( cur_region)
-        cur_region = 0;
-      end
-    end
-  end
-  regions.push(cur_region) if (cur_region != 0)
-  regions
-end
-
-# find up to the counted number of solutions (or all solutions) and prints the final result
-def find_all
-  find_top( 1)
-  find_top( 0)
-  print_results
-end
-
-# show the board
-def print_results
-  print "#{@boards_found} solutions found\n\n"
-  print_full_board( @min_board)
-  print "\n"
-  print_full_board( @max_board)
-  print "\n"
-end
-
-# finds solutions.  This special version of the main function is only used for the top level
-# the reason for it is basically to force a particular ordering on how the rotations are tested for
-# the first piece.  It is called twice, first looking for placements of the odd rotations and then
-# looking for placements of the even locations.
-#
-# WHY?
-#   Since any found solution has an inverse we want to maximize finding solutions that are not already found
-#   as an inverse.  The inverse will ALWAYS be 3 one of the piece configurations that is exactly 3 rotations away
-#   (an odd number).  Checking even vs odd then produces a higher probability of finding more pieces earlier
-#   in the cycle.  We still need to keep checking all the permutations, but our probability of finding one will
-#   diminsh over time.  Since we are TOLD how many to search for this lets us exit before checking all pieces
-#   this bennifit is very great when seeking small numbers of solutions and is 0 when looking for more than the
-#   maximum number
-def find_top( rotation_skip)
-  board = blank_board
-  (@pieces.length-1).times do
-    piece = @pieces.shift
-    piece.masks[0].each do | mask, imask, cmask |
-      if ((rotation_skip += 1) % 2 == 0) then
-        piece.placed = mask
-        find( 1, 1, board | mask)
-      end
-    end
-    @pieces.push(piece)
-  end
-  piece = @pieces.shift
-  @pieces.push(piece)
-end
-
-# the normail find routine, iterates through the available pieces, checks all rotations at the current location
-# and adds any boards found.  depth is acheived via recursion.  the overall approach is described
-# here: http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-javaopt/
-# parameters:
-#  start_location -- where to start looking for place for the next piece at
-#  placed -- number of pieces placed
-#  board -- current state of the board
-#
-# see in-code comments
-def find( start_location, placed, board)
-  # find the next location to place a piece by looking for an empty bit
-  while board[start_location] == 1
-    start_location += 1
-  end
-
-  @pieces.length.times do
-    piece = @pieces.shift
-    piece.masks[start_location].each do | mask, imask, cmask |
-      if ( board & cmask == imask) then
-        piece.placed = mask
-        if (placed == 9) then
-          add_board
-        else
-          find( start_location + 1, placed + 1, board | mask)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-    @pieces.push(piece)
-  end
-end
-
-# print the board
-def print_full_board( board_string)
-  10.times do | row |
-    print " " if (row % 2 == 1)
-    5.times do | col |
-      print "#{board_string[row*5 + col,1]} "
-    end
-    print "\n"
-  end
-end
-
-# when a board is found we "draw it" into a string and then flip that string, adding both to
-# the list (hash) of solutions if they are unique.
-def add_board
-  board_string = "99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"
-  @all_pieces.each {  | piece | piece.fill_string( board_string ) }
-  save( board_string)
-  save( board_string.reverse)
-end
-
-# adds a board string to the list (if new) and updates the current best/worst board
-def save( board_string)
-  if (@all_boards[board_string] == nil) then
-    @min_board = board_string if (board_string < @min_board)
-    @max_board = board_string if (board_string > @max_board)
-    @all_boards.store(board_string,true)
-    @boards_found += 1
-
-    # the exit motif is a time saver.  Ideally the function should return, but those tests
-    # take noticeable time (performance).
-    if (@boards_found == @stop_count) then
-      print_results
-      exit(0)
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-
-##
-## MAIN BODY :)
-##
-create_collector_support
-@pieces = [
-  Piece.new( [ :nw, :ne, :east, :east ], 2),
-  Piece.new( [ :ne, :se, :east, :ne ], 7),
-  Piece.new( [ :ne, :east, :ne, :nw ], 1),
-  Piece.new( [ :east, :sw, :sw, :se ], 6),
-  Piece.new( [ :east, :ne, :se, :ne ], 5),
-  Piece.new( [ :east, :east, :east, :se ], 0),
-  Piece.new( [ :ne, :nw, :se, :east, :se ], 4),
-  Piece.new( [ :se, :se, :se, :west ], 9),
-  Piece.new( [ :se, :se, :east, :se ], 8),
-  Piece.new( [ :east, :east, :sw, :se ], 3)
-  ];
-
-@all_pieces = Array.new( @pieces)
-
-@min_board = "99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"
-@max_board = "00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
-@stop_count = ARGV[0].to_i || 2089
-@all_boards = {}
-@boards_found = 0
-
-find_all ######## DO IT!!!
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_nested_loop.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_nested_loop.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index a0513f8c47..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_nested_loop.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby -*-
-# $Id: nestedloop-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:42:22 bfulgham Exp $
-# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
-# from Avi Bryant
-
-n = 16 # Integer(ARGV.shift || 1)
-x = 0
-n.times do
-    n.times do
-        n.times do
-            n.times do
-                n.times do
-                    n.times do
-                        x += 1
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-        end
-    end
-end
-# puts x
-
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_object.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_object.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index e8607c7199..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_object.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby -*-
-# $Id: objinst-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:42:25 bfulgham Exp $
-# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
-# with help from Aristarkh Zagorodnikov
-
-class Toggle
-    def initialize(start_state)
-        @bool = start_state
-    end
-
-    def value
-        @bool
-    end
-
-    def activate
-        @bool = !@bool
-        self
-    end
-end
-
-class NthToggle < Toggle
-    def initialize(start_state, max_counter)
-        super start_state
-        @count_max = max_counter
-        @counter = 0
-    end
-
-    def activate
-        @counter += 1
-        if @counter >= @count_max
-            @bool = !@bool
-            @counter = 0
-        end
-        self
-    end
-end
-
-n = 1500000 # (ARGV.shift || 1).to_i
-
-toggle = Toggle.new 1
-5.times do
-    toggle.activate.value ? 'true' : 'false'
-end
-n.times do
-    toggle = Toggle.new 1
-end
-
-ntoggle = NthToggle.new 1, 3
-8.times do
-    ntoggle.activate.value ? 'true' : 'false'
-end
-n.times do
-    ntoggle = NthToggle.new 1, 3
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_pidigits.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_pidigits.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index c7d6fbfb4d..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_pidigits.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-# The Great Computer Language Shootout
-# http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
-#
-# contributed by Gabriele Renzi
-
-class PiDigitSpigot
-
-    def initialize()
-        @z = Transformation.new 1,0,0,1
-        @x = Transformation.new 0,0,0,0
-        @inverse = Transformation.new 0,0,0,0
-    end
-
-    def next!
-        @y = @z.extract(3)
-        if safe? @y
-            @z = produce(@y)
-            @y
-        else
-            @z = consume @x.next!()
-            next!()
-        end
-    end
-
-    def safe?(digit)
-        digit == @z.extract(4)
-    end
-
-    def produce(i)
-        @inverse.qrst(10,-10*i,0,1).compose(@z)
-    end
-
-    def consume(a)
-        @z.compose(a)
-    end
-end
-
-
-class Transformation
-    attr_reader :q, :r, :s, :t
-    def initialize (q, r, s, t)
-        @q,@r,@s,@t,@k = q,r,s,t,0
-    end
-
-    def next!()
-        @q = @k = @k + 1
-        @r = 4 * @k + 2
-        @s = 0
-        @t = 2 * @k + 1
-        self
-    end
-
-    def extract(j)
-        (@q * j + @r) / (@s * j + @t)
-    end
-
-    def compose(a)
-        self.class.new( @q * a.q,
-                        @q * a.r + r * a.t,
-                        @s * a.q + t * a.s,
-                        @s * a.r + t * a.t
-                    )
-    end
-
-    def qrst *args
-        initialize *args
-        self
-    end
-
-
-end
-
-
-WIDTH = 10
-n = 2_500 # Integer(ARGV[0])
-j = 0
-
-digits = PiDigitSpigot.new
-
-while n > 0
-    if n >= WIDTH
-        WIDTH.times {print digits.next!}
-        j += WIDTH
-    else
-        n.times {print digits.next!}
-        (WIDTH-n).times {print " "}
-        j += n
-    end
-    puts "\t:"+j.to_s
-    n -= WIDTH
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_reverse_complement.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_reverse_complement.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 82ea666994..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_reverse_complement.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-# The Great Computer Language Shootout
-# http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
-#
-# Contributed by Peter Bjarke Olsen
-# Modified by Doug King
-
-seq=Array.new
-
-def revcomp(seq)
-  seq.reverse!.tr!('wsatugcyrkmbdhvnATUGCYRKMBDHVN','WSTAACGRYMKVHDBNTAACGRYMKVHDBN')
-  stringlen=seq.length
-  0.step(stringlen-1,60) {|x| print seq.slice(x,60) , "\n"}
-end
-
-input = open(File.join(File.dirname($0), 'fasta.output.2500000'), 'rb')
-
-while input.gets
-  if $_ =~ />/
-    if seq.length != 0
-      revcomp(seq.join)
-      seq=Array.new
-    end
-    puts $_
-  else
-    $_.sub(/\n/,'')
-    seq.push $_
-  end
-end
-revcomp(seq.join)
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_attr_ivar.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_attr_ivar.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 16906f3605..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_attr_ivar.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-class C
-  attr_reader :a, :b
-  def initialize
-    @a = nil
-    @b = nil
-  end
-end
-obj = C.new
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i += 1
-  j = obj.a
-  k = obj.b
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_attr_ivar_set.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_attr_ivar_set.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 7e7a6b48c0..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_attr_ivar_set.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-class C
-  attr_accessor :a, :b
-  def initialize
-    @a = nil
-    @b = nil
-  end
-end
-obj = C.new
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i += 1
-  obj.a = 1
-  obj.b = 2
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_block.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_block.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index a9f56b15ea..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_block.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-def m
-  yield
-end
-
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i += 1
-  m{
-  }
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_const.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_const.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index ac59ebccf1..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_const.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-Const = 1
-
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i += 1
-  j = Const
-  k = Const
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_ensure.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_ensure.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index a1596145f2..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_ensure.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # benchmark loop 1
-  i += 1
-  begin
-    begin
-    ensure
-    end
-  ensure
-  end
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_float_simple.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_float_simple.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index d4581439ff..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_float_simple.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-i = 0.0; f = 0.0
-while i<30_000_000
-  i += 1
-  f += 0.1; f -= 0.1
-  f += 0.1; f -= 0.1
-  f += 0.1; f -= 0.1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_short_lived.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_short_lived.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index e78bca5668..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_short_lived.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  a = '' # short-lived String
-  b = ''
-  c = ''
-  d = ''
-  e = ''
-  f = ''
-  i+=1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_short_with_complex_long.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_short_with_complex_long.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b66052dee0..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_short_with_complex_long.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-def nested_hash h, n
-  if n == 0
-    ''
-  else
-    10.times{
-      h[Object.new] = nested_hash(h, n-1)
-    }
-  end
-end
-
-long_lived = Hash.new
-nested_hash long_lived, 6
-
-GC.start
-GC.start
-
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  a = '' # short-lived String
-  b = ''
-  c = ''
-  d = ''
-  e = ''
-  f = ''
-  i+=1
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_short_with_long.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_short_with_long.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 298dbc845b..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_short_with_long.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-long_lived = Array.new(1_000_000){|i| "#{i}"}
-GC.start
-GC.start
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  a = '' # short-lived String
-  b = ''
-  c = ''
-  d = ''
-  e = ''
-  f = ''
-  i+=1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_short_with_symbol.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_short_with_symbol.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 6b15c1b7bf..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_short_with_symbol.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-# make many symbols
-50_000.times{|i| sym = "sym#{i}".to_sym}
-GC.start
-GC.start
-
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  a = '' # short-lived String
-  b = ''
-  c = ''
-  d = ''
-  e = ''
-  f = ''
-  i+=1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_wb_ary.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_wb_ary.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index ecfab51dbf..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_wb_ary.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-long_lived = []
-GC.start
-GC.start
-
-i = 0
-short_lived = ''
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  long_lived[0] = short_lived # write barrier
-  i+=1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_wb_obj.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_wb_obj.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 017eff4f94..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_wb_obj.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-class C
-  attr_accessor :foo
-end
-long_lived = C.new
-GC.start
-GC.start
-
-i = 0
-short_lived = ''
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  long_lived.foo = short_lived # write barrier
-  i+=1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_ivar.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_ivar.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 68a73cf92f..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_ivar.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-@a = 1
-
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i += 1
-  j = @a
-  k = @a
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_ivar_set.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_ivar_set.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index bd81b06c34..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_ivar_set.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i += 1
-  @a = 1
-  @b = 2
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_length.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_length.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 353de3ab0e..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_length.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-a = 'abc'
-b = [1, 2, 3]
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i += 1
-  a.length
-  b.length
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_lvar_init.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_lvar_init.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 36f2068811..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_lvar_init.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-def m v
-  unless v
-    # unreachable code
-    v1 = v2 = v3 = v4 = v5 = v6 = v7 = v8 = v9 = v10 =
-    v11 = v12 = v13 = v14 = v15 = v16 = v17 = v18 = v19 = v20 =
-    v21 = v22 = v23 = v24 = v25 = v26 = v27 = v28 = v29 = v30 =
-    v31 = v32 = v33 = v34 = v35 = v36 = v37 = v38 = v39 = v40 =
-    v41 = v42 = v43 = v44 = v45 = v46 = v47 = v48 = v49 = v50 = 1
-  end
-end
-
-i = 0
-
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i += 1
-  m i
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_lvar_set.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_lvar_set.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 222e864134..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_lvar_set.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i += 1
-  a = b = c = d = e = f = g = h = j = k = l = m = n = o = p = q = r = 1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_neq.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_neq.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index bbb4ae07a4..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_neq.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-obj1 = Object.new
-obj2 = Object.new
-
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i += 1
-  obj1 != obj2
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_not.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_not.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b09ecdcc21..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_not.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-obj = Object.new
-
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i += 1
-  !obj
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_rescue.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_rescue.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b0d3e2bdfa..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_rescue.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i += 1
-  begin
-  rescue
-  end
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_simplereturn.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_simplereturn.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 63f9f21675..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_simplereturn.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-def m
-  return 1
-end
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i += 1
-  m
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_swap.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_swap.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 918f8b2112..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_swap.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-a = 1
-b = 2
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i += 1
-  a, b = b, a
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_yield.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_yield.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 775597cea6..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_yield.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-def m
-  i = 0
-  while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-    i += 1
-    yield
-  end
-end
-
-m{}
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_array.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_array.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index df9037c83c..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_array.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_bigarray.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_bigarray.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b02509d6a2..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_bigarray.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  a = [
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-    1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
-  ]
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_bighash.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_bighash.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 5e3f437bb8..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_bighash.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-while i<60_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  a = {0=>0, 1=>1, 2=>2, 3=>3, 4=>4, 5=>5, 6=>6, 7=>7, 8=>8, 9=>9, 10=>10, 11=>11, 12=>12, 13=>13, 14=>14, 15=>15, 16=>16, 17=>17, 18=>18, 19=>19, 20=>20, 21=>21, 22=>22, 23=>23, 24=>24, 25=>25, 26=>26, 27=>27, 28=>28, 29=>29, 30=>30, 31=>31, 32=>32, 33=>33, 34=>34, 35=>35, 36=>36, 37=>37, 38=>38, 39=>39, 40=>40, 41=>41, 42=>42, 43=>43, 44=>44, 45=>45, 46=>46, 47=>47, 48=>48, 49=>49, 50=>50, 51=>51, 52=>52, 53=>53, 54=>54, 55=>55, 56=>56, 57=>57, 58=>58, 59=>59, 60=>60, 61=>61, 62=>62, 63=>63, 64=>64, 65=>65, 66=>66, 67=>67, 68=>68, 69=>69, 70=>70, 71=>71, 72=>72, 73=>73, 74=>74, 75=>75, 76=>76, 77=>77, 78=>78, 79=>79, 80=>80, 81=>81, 82=>82, 83=>83, 84=>84, 85=>85, 86=>86, 87=>87, 88=>88, 89=>89, 90=>90, 91=>91, 92=>92, 93=>93, 94=>94, 95=>95, 96=>96, 97=>97, 98=>98, 99=>99, 100=>100, 101=>101, 102=>102, 103=>103, 104=>104, 105=>105, 106=>106, 107=>107, 108=>108, 109=>109, 110=>110, 111=>111, 112=>112, 113=>113, 114=>114, 115=>115, 116=>116, 117=>117, 118=>118, 119=>119, 120=>120, 121=>121, 122=>122, 123=>123, 124=>124, 125=>125, 126=>126, 127=>127, 128=>128, 129=>129, 130=>130, 131=>131, 132=>132, 133=>133, 134=>134, 135=>135, 136=>136, 137=>137, 138=>138, 139=>139, 140=>140, 141=>141, 142=>142, 143=>143, 144=>144, 145=>145, 146=>146, 147=>147, 148=>148, 149=>149, 150=>150, 151=>151, 152=>152, 153=>153, 154=>154, 155=>155, 156=>156, 157=>157, 158=>158, 159=>159, 160=>160, 161=>161, 162=>162, 163=>163, 164=>164, 165=>165, 166=>166, 167=>167, 168=>168, 169=>169, 170=>170, 171=>171, 172=>172, 173=>173, 174=>174, 175=>175, 176=>176, 177=>177, 178=>178, 179=>179, 180=>180, 181=>181, 182=>182, 183=>183, 184=>184, 185=>185, 186=>186, 187=>187, 188=>188, 189=>189, 190=>190, 191=>191, 192=>192, 193=>193, 194=>194, 195=>195, 196=>196, 197=>197, 198=>198, 199=>199, 200=>200, 201=>201, 202=>202, 203=>203, 204=>204, 205=>205, 206=>206, 207=>207, 208=>208, 209=>209, 210=>210, 211=>211, 212=>212, 213=>213, 214=>214, 215=>215, 216=>216, 217=>217, 218=>218, 219=>219, 220=>220, 221=>221, 222=>222, 223=>223, 224=>224, 225=>225, 226=>226, 227=>227, 228=>228, 229=>229, 230=>230, 231=>231, 232=>232, 233=>233, 234=>234, 235=>235, 236=>236, 237=>237, 238=>238, 239=>239, 240=>240, 241=>241, 242=>242, 243=>243, 244=>244, 245=>245, 246=>246, 247=>247, 248=>248, 249=>249, 250=>250, 251=>251, 252=>252, 253=>253, 254=>254, 255=>255, 256=>256, 257=>257, 258=>258, 259=>259, 260=>260, 261=>261, 262=>262, 263=>263, 264=>264, 265=>265, 266=>266, 267=>267, 268=>268, 269=>269, 270=>270, 271=>271, 272=>272, 273=>273, 274=>274, 275=>275, 276=>276, 277=>277, 278=>278, 279=>279, 280=>280, 281=>281, 282=>282, 283=>283, 284=>284, 285=>285, 286=>286, 287=>287, 288=>288, 289=>289, 290=>290, 291=>291, 292=>292, 293=>293, 294=>294, 295=>295, 296=>296, 297=>297, 298=>298, 299=>299, 300=>300, 301=>301, 302=>302, 303=>303, 304=>304, 305=>305, 306=>306, 307=>307, 308=>308, 309=>309, 310=>310, 311=>311, 312=>312, 313=>313, 314=>314, 315=>315, 316=>316, 317=>317, 318=>318, 319=>319, 320=>320, 321=>321, 322=>322, 323=>323, 324=>324, 325=>325, 326=>326, 327=>327, 328=>328, 329=>329, 330=>330, 331=>331, 332=>332, 333=>333, 334=>334, 335=>335, 336=>336, 337=>337, 338=>338, 339=>339, 340=>340, 341=>341, 342=>342, 343=>343, 344=>344, 345=>345, 346=>346, 347=>347, 348=>348, 349=>349, 350=>350, 351=>351, 352=>352, 353=>353, 354=>354, 355=>355, 356=>356, 357=>357, 358=>358, 359=>359, 360=>360, 361=>361, 362=>362, 363=>363, 364=>364, 365=>365, 366=>366, 367=>367, 368=>368, 369=>369, 370=>370, 371=>371, 372=>372, 373=>373, 374=>374, 375=>375, 376=>376, 377=>377, 378=>378, 379=>379, 380=>380, 381=>381, 382=>382, 383=>383, 384=>384, 385=>385, 386=>386, 387=>387, 388=>388, 389=>389, 390=>390, 391=>391, 392=>392, 393=>393, 394=>394, 395=>395, 396=>396, 397=>397, 398=>398, 399=>399, 400=>400, 401=>401, 402=>402, 403=>403, 404=>404, 405=>405, 406=>406, 407=>407, 408=>408, 409=>409, 410=>410, 411=>411, 412=>412, 413=>413, 414=>414, 415=>415, 416=>416, 417=>417, 418=>418, 419=>419, 420=>420, 421=>421, 422=>422, 423=>423, 424=>424, 425=>425, 426=>426, 427=>427, 428=>428, 429=>429, 430=>430, 431=>431, 432=>432, 433=>433, 434=>434, 435=>435, 436=>436, 437=>437, 438=>438, 439=>439, 440=>440, 441=>441, 442=>442, 443=>443, 444=>444, 445=>445, 446=>446, 447=>447, 448=>448, 449=>449, 450=>450, 451=>451, 452=>452, 453=>453, 454=>454, 455=>455, 456=>456, 457=>457, 458=>458, 459=>459, 460=>460, 461=>461, 462=>462, 463=>463, 464=>464, 465=>465, 466=>466, 467=>467, 468=>468, 469=>469, 470=>470, 471=>471, 472=>472, 473=>473, 474=>474, 475=>475, 476=>476, 477=>477, 478=>478, 479=>479, 480=>480, 481=>481, 482=>482, 483=>483, 484=>484, 485=>485, 486=>486, 487=>487, 488=>488, 489=>489, 490=>490, 491=>491, 492=>492, 493=>493, 494=>494, 495=>495, 496=>496, 497=>497, 498=>498, 499=>499, 500=>500,}
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_case.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_case.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index adc6e4df0a..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_case.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # while loop 2
-  case :foo
-  when :bar
-    raise
-  when :baz
-    raise
-  when :boo
-    raise
-  when :foo
-    i += 1
-  end
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_defined_method.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_defined_method.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 053ed6c912..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_defined_method.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-class Object
-  define_method(:m){}
-end
-
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  m; m; m; m; m; m; m; m;
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_dstr.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_dstr.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 58c0f7bbc3..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_dstr.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-x = y = 'z'
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  str = "foo#{x}bar#{y}baz"
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_eval.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_eval.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 307cfc28ef..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_eval.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  eval("1")
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_method.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_method.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index a8ccff7138..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_method.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-def m
-  nil
-end
-
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  m; m; m; m; m; m; m; m;
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_method_missing.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_method_missing.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 2badc73101..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_method_missing.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-class C
-  def method_missing mid
-  end
-end
-
-obj = C.new
-
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  obj.m; obj.m; obj.m; obj.m; obj.m; obj.m; obj.m; obj.m;
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_method_with_block.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_method_with_block.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b4efb4f520..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_method_with_block.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-def m
-  nil
-end
-
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  m{}; m{}; m{}; m{}; m{}; m{}; m{}; m{};
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_mutex.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_mutex.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 7362f738c5..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_mutex.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-require 'thread'
-
-m = Mutex.new
-
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  m.synchronize{}
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_newlambda.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_newlambda.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 6422c9b0d0..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_newlambda.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  lambda {}
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_poly_method.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_poly_method.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index c82c0e4bce..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_poly_method.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-class C1
-  def m
-    1
-  end
-end
-class C2
-  def m
-    2
-  end
-end
-
-o1 = C1.new
-o2 = C2.new
-
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  o = (i % 2 == 0) ? o1 : o2
-  o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m
-  i += 1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_poly_method_ov.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_poly_method_ov.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index aa5fd1dd38..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_poly_method_ov.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-class C1
-  def m
-    1
-  end
-end
-class C2
-  def m
-    2
-  end
-end
-
-o1 = C1.new
-o2 = C2.new
-
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  o = (i % 2 == 0) ? o1 : o2
-#  o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m
-  i += 1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_proc.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_proc.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 65e5217371..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_proc.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-def m &b
-  b
-end
-
-pr = m{
-  a = 1
-}
-
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  pr.call
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_raise1.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_raise1.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index aa5387987f..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_raise1.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-def rec n
-  if n > 0
-    rec n-1
-  else
-    raise
-  end
-end
-
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-
-  begin
-    rec 1
-  rescue
-    # ignore
-  end
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_raise2.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_raise2.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 1f61c63157..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_raise2.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-def rec n
-  if n > 0
-    rec n-1
-  else
-    raise
-  end
-end
-
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-
-  begin
-    rec 10
-  rescue
-    # ignore
-  end
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_regexp.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_regexp.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 55f9e957a3..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_regexp.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-str = 'xxxhogexxx'
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  /hoge/ =~ str
-  i += 1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_send.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_send.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 6a3ab6fdab..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_send.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-class C
-  def m
-  end
-end
-
-o = C.new
-
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  o.__send__ :m
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_big_aref_hi.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_big_aref_hi.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 22cb26b0a5..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_big_aref_hi.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-s = Struct.new(*('a'..'z').map { |x| x.to_sym })
-x = s.new
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  x.z # x[25]
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_big_aref_lo.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_big_aref_lo.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 5e61a7087e..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_big_aref_lo.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-s = Struct.new(*('a'..'z').map { |x| x.to_sym })
-x = s.new
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  x.k # x[10]
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_big_aset.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_big_aset.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a1c3d16f3..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_big_aset.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-s = Struct.new(*('a'..'z').map { |x| x.to_sym })
-x = s.new
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  x.k = i # x[10] = i
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_small_aref.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_small_aref.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 8eaa555b41..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_small_aref.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-s = Struct.new(:a, :b, :c)
-x = s.new
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  x.a
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_small_aset.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_small_aset.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index ecd0f95669..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_small_aset.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-s = Struct.new(:a, :b, :c)
-x = s.new
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  x.a = i
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_super.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_super.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index afd8579e7b..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_super.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-
-class C
-  def m
-    1
-  end
-end
-
-class CC < C
-  def m
-    super()
-  end
-end
-
-obj = CC.new
-
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  obj.m
-  i += 1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_unif1.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_unif1.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 1774625942..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_unif1.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-def m a, b
-end
-
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i += 1
-  m 100, 200
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_zsuper.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_zsuper.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 2a43e62217..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_zsuper.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-
-class C
-  def m a
-    1
-  end
-end
-
-class CC < C
-  def m a
-    super
-  end
-end
-
-obj = CC.new
-
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  obj.m 10
-  i += 1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm3_gc.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm3_gc.rb
deleted file mode 100755
index 7db9829d44..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm3_gc.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#! /usr/bin/ruby
-5000.times do
-  100.times do
-    {"xxxx"=>"yyyy"}
-  end
-  GC.start
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_alive_check1.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_alive_check1.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index c993accdda..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_alive_check1.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-5_000.times{
-  t = Thread.new{}
-  while t.alive?
-    Thread.pass
-  end
-}
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex1.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex1.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c9f85dfb7..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex1.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-# one thread, one mutex (no contention)
-
-require 'thread'
-m = Mutex.new
-r = 0
-max = 2000
-lmax = max * max
-(1..1).map{
-  Thread.new{
-    i = 0
-    while i<lmax
-      i += 1
-      m.synchronize{
-        r += 1
-      }
-    end
-  }
-}.each{|e|
-  e.join
-}
-raise r.to_s if r != max * max
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex2.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex2.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 10de59054f..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex2.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-# two threads, one mutex
-
-require 'thread'
-m = Mutex.new
-r = 0
-max = 2000
-lmax = (max * max)/2
-(1..2).map{
-  Thread.new{
-    i = 0
-    while i<lmax
-      i += 1
-      m.synchronize{
-        r += 1
-      }
-    end
-  }
-}.each{|e|
-  e.join
-}
-raise r.to_s if r != max * max
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex3.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex3.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 7f9a44b39d..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex3.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-# 1000 threads, one mutex
-
-require 'thread'
-m = Mutex.new
-r = 0
-max = 2000
-(1..max).map{
-  Thread.new{
-    i = 0
-    while i<max
-      i += 1
-      m.synchronize{
-        r += 1
-      }
-    end
-  }
-}.each{|e|
-  e.join
-}
-raise r.to_s if r != max * max
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pass.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pass.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b5b3c0bc85..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pass.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-# Plenty Thtread.pass
-# A performance may depend on GVL implementation.
-
-tmax = (ARGV.shift || 2).to_i
-lmax = 200_000 / tmax
-
-(1..tmax).map{
-  Thread.new{
-    lmax.times{
-      Thread.pass
-    }
-  }
-}.each{|t| t.join}
-
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pass_flood.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pass_flood.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 27157d1a6f..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pass_flood.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-1000.times{
-  Thread.new{loop{Thread.pass}}
-}
-
-i = 0
-while i<10000
-  i += 1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pipe.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pipe.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 272d231eba..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pipe.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# Mesure small and plenty pipe read/write.
-# A performance may depend on GVL implementation.
-
-lmax = 100_000
-r, w = IO.pipe
-[Thread.new{
-  lmax.times{
-    w.write('a')
-  }
-  p "w:exit"
-}, Thread.new{
-  lmax.times{
-    r.read(1)
-  }
-  p "r:exit"
-}].each{|t| t.join}
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_queue.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_queue.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 37381ae62b..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_queue.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-require 'thread'
-
-n = 1_000_000
-q = Queue.new
-consumer = Thread.new{
-  while q.pop
-    # consuming
-  end
-}
-
-producer = Thread.new{
-  n.times{
-    q.push true
-  }
-  q.push nil
-}
-
-consumer.join
diff --git a/benchmark/cgi_escape_html.yml b/benchmark/cgi_escape_html.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..af6abd08ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/cgi_escape_html.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+prelude: require 'cgi/escape'
+benchmark:
+  - name: escape_html_blank
+    prelude: str = ""
+    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+    loop_count: 20000000
+  - name: escape_html_short_none
+    prelude: str = "abcde"
+    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+    loop_count: 20000000
+  - name: escape_html_short_one
+    prelude: str = "abcd<"
+    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+    loop_count: 20000000
+  - name: escape_html_short_all
+    prelude: str = "'&\"<>"
+    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+    loop_count: 5000000
+  - name: escape_html_long_none
+    prelude: str = "abcde" * 300
+    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+    loop_count: 1000000
+  - name: escape_html_long_all
+    prelude: str = "'&\"<>" * 10
+    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+    loop_count: 1000000
+  - name: escape_html_real
+    prelude: | # http://example.com/
+      str = <<~HTML
+        <body>
+        <div>
+            <h1>Example Domain</h1>
+            <p>This domain is established to be used for illustrative examples in documents. You may use this
+            domain in examples without prior coordination or asking for permission.</p>
+            <p><a href="http://www.iana.org/domains/example">More information...</a></p>
+        </div>
+        </body>
+      HTML
+    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+    loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/complex_float_add.yml b/benchmark/complex_float_add.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d0150c5e5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/complex_float_add.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  max, min = 1000.0, -1000.0
+  a = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+  b = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+benchmark:
+  complex_float_add: c = a + b
+loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/complex_float_div.yml b/benchmark/complex_float_div.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9f5e1d51c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/complex_float_div.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  max, min = 1000.0, -1000.0
+  a = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+  b = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+benchmark:
+  complex_float_div: c = a / b
+loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/complex_float_mul.yml b/benchmark/complex_float_mul.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59b096a6dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/complex_float_mul.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  max, min = 1000.0, -1000.0
+  a = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+  b = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+benchmark:
+  complex_float_mul: c = a * b
+loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/complex_float_new.yml b/benchmark/complex_float_new.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6fcde3125b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/complex_float_new.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  max, min = 1000.0, -1000.0
+  a = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+  b = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+benchmark:
+  complex_float_new: c = Complex(a, b)
+loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/complex_float_power.yml b/benchmark/complex_float_power.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c40a31ab55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/complex_float_power.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  max, min = 1000.0, -1000.0
+  a = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+  b = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+benchmark:
+  complex_float_power: c = a ** b
+loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/complex_float_sub.yml b/benchmark/complex_float_sub.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3fafe7cdbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/complex_float_sub.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  max, min = 1000.0, -1000.0
+  a = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+  b = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+benchmark:
+  complex_float_sub: c = a - b
+loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/dir_empty_p.rb b/benchmark/dir_empty_p.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8329c757cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/dir_empty_p.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+require 'tmpdir'
+max = 100_000
+Dir.mktmpdir('bm_dir_empty_p') do |dir|
+  max.times { Dir.empty?(dir) }
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/driver.rb b/benchmark/driver.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 3904e25503..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/driver.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,321 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Ruby Benchmark driver
-#
-
-first = true
-
-begin
-  require 'optparse'
-rescue LoadError
-  if first
-    first = false
-    $:.unshift File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '../lib')
-    retry
-  else
-    raise
-  end
-end
-
-require 'benchmark'
-require 'pp'
-
-class BenchmarkDriver
-  def self.benchmark(opt)
-    driver = self.new(opt[:execs], opt[:dir], opt)
-    begin
-      driver.run
-    ensure
-      driver.show_results
-    end
-  end
-
-  def output *args
-    puts(*args)
-    @output and @output.puts(*args)
-  end
-
-  def message *args
-    output(*args) if @verbose
-  end
-
-  def message_print *args
-    if @verbose
-      print(*args)
-      STDOUT.flush
-      @output and @output.print(*args)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def progress_message *args
-    unless STDOUT.tty?
-      STDERR.print(*args)
-      STDERR.flush
-    end
-  end
-
-  def initialize execs, dir, opt = {}
-    @execs = execs.map{|e|
-      e.strip!
-      next if e.empty?
-
-      if /(.+)::(.+)/ =~ e
-        # ex) ruby-a::/path/to/ruby-a
-        label = $1.strip
-        path = $2
-        version = `#{path} -v`.chomp
-      else
-        path = e
-        version = label = `#{path} -v`.chomp
-      end
-      [path, label, version]
-    }.compact
-
-    @dir = dir
-    @repeat = opt[:repeat] || 1
-    @repeat = 1 if @repeat < 1
-    @pattern = opt[:pattern] || nil
-    @exclude = opt[:exclude] || nil
-    @verbose = opt[:quiet] ? false : (opt[:verbose] || false)
-    @output = opt[:output] ? open(opt[:output], 'w') : nil
-    @rawdata_output = opt[:rawdata_output] ? open(opt[:rawdata_output], 'w') : nil
-    @loop_wl1 = @loop_wl2 = nil
-    @ruby_arg = opt[:ruby_arg] || nil
-    @opt = opt
-
-    # [[name, [[r-1-1, r-1-2, ...], [r-2-1, r-2-2, ...]]], ...]
-    @results = []
-
-    if @verbose
-      @start_time = Time.now
-      message @start_time
-      @execs.each_with_index{|(path, label, version), i|
-        message "target #{i}: " + (label == version ? "#{label}" : "#{label} (#{version})") + " at \"#{path}\""
-      }
-    end
-  end
-
-  def adjusted_results name, results
-    s = nil
-    results.each_with_index{|e, i|
-      r = e.min
-      case name
-      when /^vm1_/
-        if @loop_wl1
-          r -= @loop_wl1[i]
-          r = 0 if r < 0
-          s = '*'
-        end
-      when /^vm2_/
-        if @loop_wl2
-          r -= @loop_wl2[i]
-          r = 0 if r < 0
-          s = '*'
-        end
-      end
-      yield r
-    }
-    s
-  end
-
-  def show_results
-    output
-
-    if @verbose
-      message '-----------------------------------------------------------'
-      message 'raw data:'
-      message
-      message PP.pp(@results, "", 79)
-      message
-      message "Elapsed time: #{Time.now - @start_time} (sec)"
-    end
-
-    if @rawdata_output
-      h = {}
-      h[:cpuinfo] = File.read('/proc/cpuinfo') if File.exist?('/proc/cpuinfo')
-      h[:executables] = @execs
-      h[:results] = @results
-      @rawdata_output.puts h.inspect
-    end
-
-    output '-----------------------------------------------------------'
-    output 'benchmark results:'
-
-    if @verbose and @repeat > 1
-      output "minimum results in each #{@repeat} measurements."
-    end
-
-    output "Execution time (sec)"
-    output "name\t#{@execs.map{|(_, v)| v}.join("\t")}"
-    @results.each{|v, result|
-      rets = []
-      s = adjusted_results(v, result){|r|
-        rets << sprintf("%.3f", r)
-      }
-      output "#{v}#{s}\t#{rets.join("\t")}"
-    }
-
-    if @execs.size > 1
-      output
-      output "Speedup ratio: compare with the result of `#{@execs[0][1]}' (greater is better)"
-      output "name\t#{@execs[1..-1].map{|(_, v)| v}.join("\t")}"
-      @results.each{|v, result|
-        rets = []
-        first_value = nil
-        s = adjusted_results(v, result){|r|
-          if first_value
-            if r == 0
-              rets << "Error"
-            else
-              rets << sprintf("%.3f", first_value/r)
-            end
-          else
-            first_value = r
-          end
-        }
-        output "#{v}#{s}\t#{rets.join("\t")}"
-      }
-    end
-
-    if @opt[:output]
-      output
-      output "Log file: #{@opt[:output]}"
-    end
-  end
-
-  def files
-    flag = {}
-    @files = Dir.glob(File.join(@dir, 'bm*.rb')).map{|file|
-      next if @pattern && /#{@pattern}/ !~ File.basename(file)
-      next if @exclude && /#{@exclude}/ =~ File.basename(file)
-      case file
-      when /bm_(vm[12])_/, /bm_loop_(whileloop2?).rb/
-        flag[$1] = true
-      end
-      file
-    }.compact
-
-    if flag['vm1'] && !flag['whileloop']
-      @files << File.join(@dir, 'bm_loop_whileloop.rb')
-    elsif flag['vm2'] && !flag['whileloop2']
-      @files << File.join(@dir, 'bm_loop_whileloop2.rb')
-    end
-
-    @files.sort!
-    progress_message "total: #{@files.size * @repeat} trial(s) (#{@repeat} trial(s) for #{@files.size} benchmark(s))\n"
-    @files
-  end
-
-  def run
-    files.each_with_index{|file, i|
-      @i = i
-      r = measure_file(file)
-
-      if /bm_loop_whileloop.rb/ =~ file
-        @loop_wl1 = r[1].map{|e| e.min}
-      elsif /bm_loop_whileloop2.rb/ =~ file
-        @loop_wl2 = r[1].map{|e| e.min}
-      end
-    }
-  end
-
-  def measure_file file
-    name = File.basename(file, '.rb').sub(/^bm_/, '')
-    prepare_file = File.join(File.dirname(file), "prepare_#{name}.rb")
-    load prepare_file if FileTest.exist?(prepare_file)
-
-    if @verbose
-      output
-      output '-----------------------------------------------------------'
-      output name
-      output
-      output File.read(file)
-      output
-    end
-
-    result = [name]
-    result << @execs.map{|(e, v)|
-      (0...@repeat).map{
-        message_print "#{v}\t"
-        progress_message '.'
-
-        m = measure(e, file)
-        message "#{m}"
-        m
-      }
-    }
-    @results << result
-    result
-  end
-
-  unless defined?(File::NULL)
-    if File.exist?('/dev/null')
-      File::NULL = '/dev/null'
-    end
-  end
-
-  def measure executable, file
-    cmd = "#{executable} #{@ruby_arg} #{file}"
-
-    m = Benchmark.measure{
-      system(cmd, out: File::NULL)
-    }
-
-    if $? != 0
-      output "\`#{cmd}\' exited with abnormal status (#{$?})"
-      0
-    else
-      m.real
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-if __FILE__ == $0
-  opt = {
-    :execs => [],
-    :dir => File.dirname(__FILE__),
-    :repeat => 1,
-    :output => "bmlog-#{Time.now.strftime('%Y%m%d-%H%M%S')}.#{$$}",
-    :raw_output => nil
-  }
-
-  parser = OptionParser.new{|o|
-    o.on('-e', '--executables [EXECS]',
-      "Specify benchmark one or more targets (e1::path1; e2::path2; e3::path3;...)"){|e|
-       e.split(/;/).each{|path|
-         opt[:execs] << path
-       }
-    }
-    o.on('-d', '--directory [DIRECTORY]', "Benchmark suites directory"){|d|
-      opt[:dir] = d
-    }
-    o.on('-p', '--pattern [PATTERN]', "Benchmark name pattern"){|p|
-      opt[:pattern] = p
-    }
-    o.on('-x', '--exclude [PATTERN]', "Benchmark exclude pattern"){|e|
-      opt[:exclude] = e
-    }
-    o.on('-r', '--repeat-count [NUM]', "Repeat count"){|n|
-      opt[:repeat] = n.to_i
-    }
-    o.on('-o', '--output-file [FILE]', "Output file"){|f|
-      opt[:output] = f
-    }
-    o.on('--ruby-arg [ARG]', "Optional argument for ruby"){|a|
-      opt[:ruby_arg] = a
-    }
-    o.on('--rawdata-output [FILE]', 'output rawdata'){|r|
-      opt[:rawdata_output] = r
-    }
-    o.on('-v', '--verbose'){|v|
-      opt[:verbose] = v
-    }
-    o.on('-q', '--quiet', "Run without notify information except result table."){|q|
-      opt[:quiet] = q
-      opt[:verbose] = false
-    }
-  }
-
-  parser.parse!(ARGV)
-  BenchmarkDriver.benchmark(opt)
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/enum_lazy_flat_map.yml b/benchmark/enum_lazy_flat_map.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0ee390a441
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/enum_lazy_flat_map.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+prelude: |
+  num = (1..).lazy.take(100)
+  ary2 = [[1,2]].cycle.lazy.take(10)
+  ary10 = [[*1..10]].cycle.lazy.take(10)
+  ary20 = [[*1..20]].cycle.lazy.take(10)
+  ary50 = [[*1..50]].cycle.lazy.take(10)
+  ary100 = [[*1..100]].cycle.lazy.take(10)
+
+benchmark:
+  num3: num.flat_map {|x| x}.take(3).to_a
+  num10: num.flat_map {|x| x}.take(3).to_a
+  ary2:  ary2.flat_map {|x| x}.take(3).to_a
+  ary10: ary10.flat_map {|x| x}.take(3).to_a
+  ary20: ary20.flat_map {|x| x}.take(3).to_a
+  ary50: ary50.flat_map {|x| x}.take(3).to_a
+  ary100: ary100.flat_map {|x| x}.take(3).to_a
diff --git a/benchmark/enum_lazy_grep_v_100.rb b/benchmark/enum_lazy_grep_v_100.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8832392e65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/enum_lazy_grep_v_100.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+grep_data = (1..10).to_a * 1000
+N = 100
+enum = grep_data.lazy.grep_v(->(i){i == 0}).grep_v(->(i){i == 0})
+N.times {enum.each {}}
diff --git a/benchmark/enum_lazy_grep_v_20.rb b/benchmark/enum_lazy_grep_v_20.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..329509fa8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/enum_lazy_grep_v_20.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+grep_data = (1..10).to_a * 1000
+N = 100
+enum = grep_data.lazy.grep_v(->(i){i > 2}).grep_v(->(i){i > 2})
+N.times {enum.each {}}
diff --git a/benchmark/enum_lazy_grep_v_50.rb b/benchmark/enum_lazy_grep_v_50.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02ea4d4e71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/enum_lazy_grep_v_50.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+grep_data = (1..10).to_a * 1000
+N = 100
+enum = grep_data.lazy.grep_v(->(i){i > 5}).grep_v(->(i){i > 5})
+N.times {enum.each {}}
diff --git a/benchmark/enum_lazy_uniq_100.rb b/benchmark/enum_lazy_uniq_100.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2e6434d9c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/enum_lazy_uniq_100.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+uniq_data = (1..10_000).to_a
+N = 100
+enum = uniq_data.lazy.uniq {|i| i % 10000}.uniq {|i| i % 10000}
+N.times {enum.each {}}
diff --git a/benchmark/enum_lazy_uniq_20.rb b/benchmark/enum_lazy_uniq_20.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75e6398fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/enum_lazy_uniq_20.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+uniq_data = (1..10_000).to_a
+N = 100
+enum = uniq_data.lazy.uniq {|i| i % 2000}.uniq {|i| i % 2000}
+N.times {enum.each {}}
diff --git a/benchmark/enum_lazy_uniq_50.rb b/benchmark/enum_lazy_uniq_50.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59a39b78ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/enum_lazy_uniq_50.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+uniq_data = (1..10_000).to_a
+N = 100
+enum = uniq_data.lazy.uniq {|i| i % 5000}.uniq {|i| i % 5000}
+N.times {enum.each {}}
diff --git a/benchmark/enum_lazy_zip.yml b/benchmark/enum_lazy_zip.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4566ff0261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/enum_lazy_zip.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+prelude: |
+  a = (1..3).lazy
+  b = a.map {|x| x}
+
+benchmark:
+  first_ary: a.zip(["a", "b", "c"]).first
+  first_nonary: a.zip("a".."c").first
+  first_noarg: a.zip.first
+
+  take3_ary: a.zip(["a", "b", "c"]).take(3).force
+  take3_nonary: a.zip("a".."c").take(3).force
+  take3_noarg: a.zip.take(3).force
+
+  chain-first_ary: b.zip(["a", "b", "c"]).first
+  chain-first_nonary: b.zip("a".."c").first
+  chain-first_noarg: b.zip.first
+
+  chain-take3_ary: b.zip(["a", "b", "c"]).take(3).force
+  chain-take3_nonary: b.zip("a".."c").take(3).force
+  chain-take3_noarg: b.zip.take(3).force
+
+  block: a.zip("a".."c") {|x, y| [x, y]}
diff --git a/benchmark/erb_render.yml b/benchmark/erb_render.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..15f6c3880b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/erb_render.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+prelude: |
+  require 'erb'
+
+  data = <<erb
+  <html>
+    <head> <%= title %> </head>
+    <body>
+      <h1> <%= title %> </h1>
+      <p>
+        <%= content %>
+      </p>
+    </body>
+  </html>
+  erb
+
+  title = "hello world!"
+  content = "hello world!\n" * 10
+
+  src = "def self.render(title, content); #{ERB.new(data).src}; end"
+  mod = Module.new
+  mod.instance_eval(src, "(ERB)")
+benchmark:
+  erb_render: mod.render(title, content)
+loop_count: 1500000
diff --git a/benchmark/fiber_chain.yml b/benchmark/fiber_chain.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a36c759f8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/fiber_chain.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+prelude: |
+  def make_link(previous)
+    Fiber.new do
+      while message = previous.resume
+        Fiber.yield(message)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def make_chain(length = 1000, &block)
+    chain = Fiber.new(&block)
+
+    (length - 1).times do
+      chain = make_link(chain)
+    end
+
+    return chain
+  end
+
+  message = "Hello World!"
+
+  chain = make_chain do
+    while true
+      Fiber.yield(message)
+    end
+  end
+benchmark:
+  make_chain: |
+    make_chain(100) do
+      while true
+        Fiber.yield(message)
+      end
+    end
+  resume_chain: |
+    chain.resume
+loop_count: 5000
diff --git a/benchmark/fiber_locals.yml b/benchmark/fiber_locals.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8588686477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/fiber_locals.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  th = Thread.current
+  th[:key] = :val
+benchmark:
+  key?: th.key?(:key)
+  []: th[:key]
+  keys: th.keys
+loop_count: 1_000_000
diff --git a/benchmark/file_chmod.rb b/benchmark/file_chmod.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1cd4760c9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/file_chmod.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# chmod file
+require 'tempfile'
+max = 200_000
+tmp = Tempfile.new('chmod')
+path = tmp.path
+max.times do
+  File.chmod(0777, path)
+end
+tmp.close!
diff --git a/benchmark/file_rename.rb b/benchmark/file_rename.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bbb44aebac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/file_rename.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# rename file
+require 'tempfile'
+
+max = 100_000
+tmp = [ Tempfile.new('rename-a'), Tempfile.new('rename-b') ]
+a, b = tmp.map { |x| x.path }
+tmp.each { |t| t.close } # Windows can't rename files without closing them
+max.times do
+  File.rename(a, b)
+  File.rename(b, a)
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/gc/aobench.rb b/benchmark/gc/aobench.rb
index 2eed7abc83..275f58b924 100644
--- a/benchmark/gc/aobench.rb
+++ b/benchmark/gc/aobench.rb
@@ -1 +1 @@
-require_relative '../bm_app_aobench.rb'
+require_relative '../app_aobench'
diff --git a/benchmark/gc/binary_trees.rb b/benchmark/gc/binary_trees.rb
index af8ea722aa..83347cdd20 100644
--- a/benchmark/gc/binary_trees.rb
+++ b/benchmark/gc/binary_trees.rb
@@ -1 +1 @@
-require_relative '../bm_so_binary_trees.rb'
+require_relative '../so_binary_trees'
diff --git a/benchmark/gc/gcbench.rb b/benchmark/gc/gcbench.rb
index 09a404466a..23d0b91c6c 100644
--- a/benchmark/gc/gcbench.rb
+++ b/benchmark/gc/gcbench.rb
@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@ require 'pp'
 require 'optparse'
 
 $list = true
-$gcprof = true
+$gcprof = false
 
 opt = OptionParser.new
 opt.on('-q'){$list = false}
 opt.on('-d'){$gcprof = false}
+opt.on('-p'){$gcprof = true}
 opt.parse!(ARGV)
 
 script = File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), ARGV.shift)
diff --git a/benchmark/gc/pentomino.rb b/benchmark/gc/pentomino.rb
index 94ba74be89..8ebdff7d1d 100644
--- a/benchmark/gc/pentomino.rb
+++ b/benchmark/gc/pentomino.rb
@@ -1 +1 @@
-require_relative '../bm_app_pentomino.rb'
+require_relative '../app_pentomino'
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_aref_dsym.rb b/benchmark/hash_aref_dsym.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..af4f8c36d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_aref_dsym.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+h = {}
+syms = ('a'..'z').map { |s| s.to_sym }
+syms.each { |s| h[s] = 1 }
+200_000.times { syms.each { |s| h[s] } }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_aref_dsym_long.rb b/benchmark/hash_aref_dsym_long.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d7759379e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_aref_dsym_long.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# [ruby-core:70129] [Bug #11396]
+collection_size = 200000
+sample_size = 10000
+
+values = (1..collection_size).to_a.map do |x|
+  "THIS IS A LONGER STRING THAT IS ALSO UNIQUE #{x}"
+end
+
+symbol_hash = {}
+
+values.each do |x|
+  symbol_hash[x.to_sym] = 1
+end
+
+# use the same samples each time to minimize deviations
+rng = Random.new(0)
+symbol_sample_array = values.sample(sample_size, random: rng).map(&:to_sym)
+
+3000.times do
+  symbol_sample_array.each { |x| symbol_hash[x] }
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_aref_fix.rb b/benchmark/hash_aref_fix.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1346890582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_aref_fix.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+h = {}
+nums = (1..26).to_a
+nums.each { |i| h[i] = i }
+200_000.times { nums.each { |s| h[s] } }
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_hash_aref_flo.rb b/benchmark/hash_aref_flo.rb
index 2217274c82..2217274c82 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_hash_aref_flo.rb
+++ b/benchmark/hash_aref_flo.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_hash_aref_miss.rb b/benchmark/hash_aref_miss.rb
index b0913dd4bb..b0913dd4bb 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_hash_aref_miss.rb
+++ b/benchmark/hash_aref_miss.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_hash_aref_str.rb b/benchmark/hash_aref_str.rb
index 19439b061b..19439b061b 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_hash_aref_str.rb
+++ b/benchmark/hash_aref_str.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_hash_aref_sym.rb b/benchmark/hash_aref_sym.rb
index f75d163fe6..f75d163fe6 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_hash_aref_sym.rb
+++ b/benchmark/hash_aref_sym.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_hash_aref_sym_long.rb b/benchmark/hash_aref_sym_long.rb
index 9dab8df7be..9dab8df7be 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_hash_aref_sym_long.rb
+++ b/benchmark/hash_aref_sym_long.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_defaults.yml b/benchmark/hash_defaults.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..833f10e1c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_defaults.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+prelude: |
+  h = Hash.new { :foo }
+benchmark:
+  default_aref: h[1]
+  default_method: h.default(1)
+loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_dup.yml b/benchmark/hash_dup.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..65f521ec94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_dup.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  small_hash = { a: 1 }
+  larger_hash = 20.times.map { |i| [('a'.ord + i).chr.to_sym, i] }.to_h
+
+benchmark:
+  dup_small: small_hash.dup
+  dup_larger: larger_hash.dup
+loop_count: 10000
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_hash_flatten.rb b/benchmark/hash_flatten.rb
index e944aae9f2..e944aae9f2 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_hash_flatten.rb
+++ b/benchmark/hash_flatten.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_hash_ident_flo.rb b/benchmark/hash_ident_flo.rb
index 0c7edfed3e..0c7edfed3e 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_hash_ident_flo.rb
+++ b/benchmark/hash_ident_flo.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_hash_ident_num.rb b/benchmark/hash_ident_num.rb
index b226736c6f..b226736c6f 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_hash_ident_num.rb
+++ b/benchmark/hash_ident_num.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_hash_ident_obj.rb b/benchmark/hash_ident_obj.rb
index 4b3b58edec..4b3b58edec 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_hash_ident_obj.rb
+++ b/benchmark/hash_ident_obj.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_hash_ident_str.rb b/benchmark/hash_ident_str.rb
index 8582b38e31..8582b38e31 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_hash_ident_str.rb
+++ b/benchmark/hash_ident_str.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_hash_ident_sym.rb b/benchmark/hash_ident_sym.rb
index 4c81e3d28e..4c81e3d28e 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_hash_ident_sym.rb
+++ b/benchmark/hash_ident_sym.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_hash_keys.rb b/benchmark/hash_keys.rb
index 6863cd01f9..6863cd01f9 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_hash_keys.rb
+++ b/benchmark/hash_keys.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_literal_small2.rb b/benchmark/hash_literal_small2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c188529260
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_literal_small2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+1_000_000.times.map { { "foo" => "bar", "bar" => "baz" }  }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_literal_small4.rb b/benchmark/hash_literal_small4.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..739f71b5b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_literal_small4.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+1_000_000.times.map { { "foo" => "bar", "bar" => "baz", "baz" => "lol", "lol" => "lgtm" } }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_literal_small8.rb b/benchmark/hash_literal_small8.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..53d80af535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_literal_small8.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+1_000_000.times.map { { "foo" => "bar", "bar" => "baz", "baz" => "lol", "lol" => "lgtm", "lgtm" => "nope", "nope" => "ok", "ok" => "again", "again" => "wait" } }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_long.rb b/benchmark/hash_long.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03d9109602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_long.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+k1 = "Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong";
+k2 = "Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping";
+h = {k1 => 0, k2 => 0};
+3000000.times{|i| k = i % 2 ? k2 : k1; h [k] = h[k] + 1}
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_hash_shift.rb b/benchmark/hash_shift.rb
index a645671a5b..a645671a5b 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_hash_shift.rb
+++ b/benchmark/hash_shift.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_shift_u16.rb b/benchmark/hash_shift_u16.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec800d0342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_shift_u16.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+h = {}
+
+(16384..65536).each do |i|
+  h[i] = nil
+end
+
+300000.times do
+  k, v = h.shift
+  h[k] = v
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_shift_u24.rb b/benchmark/hash_shift_u24.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de4e0fa696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_shift_u24.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+h = {}
+
+(0xff4000..0xffffff).each do |i|
+  h[i] = nil
+end
+
+300000.times do
+  k, v = h.shift
+  h[k] = v
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_shift_u32.rb b/benchmark/hash_shift_u32.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..656aa55583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_shift_u32.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+h = {}
+
+(0xffff4000..0xffffffff).each do |i|
+  h[i] = nil
+end
+
+300000.times do
+  k, v = h.shift
+  h[k] = v
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_small2.rb b/benchmark/hash_small2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..45485d9c71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_small2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1000000.times.map{|i| a={}; 2.times{|j| a[j]=j}; a}
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_small4.rb b/benchmark/hash_small4.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..acd4084334
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_small4.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1000000.times.map{|i| a={}; 4.times{|j| a[j]=j}; a}
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_small8.rb b/benchmark/hash_small8.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9cffcc91b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_small8.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1000000.times.map{|i| a={}; 8.times{|j| a[j]=j}; a}
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_to_proc.rb b/benchmark/hash_to_proc.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b675bf509
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_to_proc.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+h = {}
+
+10000.times do |i|
+  h[i] = nil
+end
+
+5000.times do |i|
+  [i].map(&h)
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_hash_values.rb b/benchmark/hash_values.rb
index 069441302f..069441302f 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_hash_values.rb
+++ b/benchmark/hash_values.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/int_quo.rb b/benchmark/int_quo.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e22a3f8c30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/int_quo.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+5000000.times { 42.quo(3) }
diff --git a/benchmark/io_copy_stream_write.rb b/benchmark/io_copy_stream_write.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3fd87250a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/io_copy_stream_write.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# The goal of this is to use a synthetic (non-IO) reader
+# to trigger the read/write loop of IO.copy_stream,
+# bypassing in-kernel mechanisms like sendfile for zero copy,
+# so we wrap the /dev/zero IO object:
+
+class Zero
+  def initialize
+    @n = 100000
+    @in = File.open('/dev/zero', 'rb')
+  end
+
+  def read(len, buf)
+    return if (@n -= 1) == 0
+    @in.read(len, buf)
+  end
+end
+
+begin
+  src = Zero.new
+  dst = File.open(IO::NULL, 'wb')
+  n = IO.copy_stream(src, dst)
+rescue Errno::ENOENT
+  # not *nix
+end if IO.respond_to?(:copy_stream) && IO.const_defined?(:NULL)
diff --git a/benchmark/io_copy_stream_write_socket.rb b/benchmark/io_copy_stream_write_socket.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11f369bd0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/io_copy_stream_write_socket.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# The goal of this is to use a synthetic (non-IO) reader
+# to trigger the read/write loop of IO.copy_stream,
+# bypassing in-kernel mechanisms like sendfile for zero copy,
+# so we wrap the /dev/zero IO object:
+class Zero
+  def initialize
+    @n = 100000
+    @in = File.open('/dev/zero', 'rb')
+  end
+
+  def read(len, buf)
+    return if (@n -= 1) == 0
+    @in.read(len, buf)
+  end
+end
+
+begin
+  require 'socket'
+  src = Zero.new
+  rd, wr = UNIXSocket.pair
+  pid = fork do
+    wr.close
+    buf = String.new
+    while rd.read(16384, buf)
+    end
+  end
+  rd.close
+  IO.copy_stream(src, wr)
+rescue Errno::ENOENT, NotImplementedError, NameError
+  # not *nix: missing /dev/zero, fork, or UNIXSocket
+rescue LoadError # no socket?
+ensure
+  wr.close if wr
+  Process.waitpid(pid) if pid
+end if IO.respond_to?(:copy_stream)
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_io_file_create.rb b/benchmark/io_file_create.rb
index 2f205c1333..2f205c1333 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_io_file_create.rb
+++ b/benchmark/io_file_create.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_io_file_read.rb b/benchmark/io_file_read.rb
index b9e796ed30..b9e796ed30 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_io_file_read.rb
+++ b/benchmark/io_file_read.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_io_file_write.rb b/benchmark/io_file_write.rb
index aa1be0e5fe..aa1be0e5fe 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_io_file_write.rb
+++ b/benchmark/io_file_write.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/io_nonblock_noex.rb b/benchmark/io_nonblock_noex.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da9357fdc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/io_nonblock_noex.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+nr = 1_000_000
+i = 0
+msg = '.'
+buf = '.'
+noex = { exception: false }
+begin
+  r, w = IO.pipe
+  while i < nr
+    i += 1
+    w.write_nonblock(msg, noex)
+    r.read_nonblock(1, buf, noex)
+  end
+rescue ArgumentError # old Rubies
+  while i < nr
+    i += 1
+    w.write_nonblock(msg)
+    r.read_nonblock(1, buf)
+  end
+ensure
+  r.close
+  w.close
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/io_nonblock_noex2.rb b/benchmark/io_nonblock_noex2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..56819d049b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/io_nonblock_noex2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+nr = 1_000_000
+i = 0
+msg = '.'
+buf = '.'
+begin
+  r, w = IO.pipe
+  while i < nr
+    i += 1
+    w.write_nonblock(msg, exception: false)
+    r.read_nonblock(1, buf, exception: false)
+  end
+rescue ArgumentError # old Rubies
+  while i < nr
+    i += 1
+    w.write_nonblock(msg)
+    r.read_nonblock(1, buf)
+  end
+ensure
+  r.close
+  w.close
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/io_pipe_rw.rb b/benchmark/io_pipe_rw.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6862a8ae61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/io_pipe_rw.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Measure uncontended GVL performance via read/write with 1:1 threading
+# If we switch to M:N threading, this will benchmark something else...
+r, w = IO.pipe
+src = '0'.freeze
+dst = String.new
+i = 0
+while i < 1_000_000
+  i += 1
+  w.write(src)
+  r.read(1, dst)
+end
+w.close
+r.close
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_io_select.rb b/benchmark/io_select.rb
index 19248daeb1..19248daeb1 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_io_select.rb
+++ b/benchmark/io_select.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_io_select2.rb b/benchmark/io_select2.rb
index 10e37d71b2..10e37d71b2 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_io_select2.rb
+++ b/benchmark/io_select2.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_io_select3.rb b/benchmark/io_select3.rb
index 7d0ba1f092..7d0ba1f092 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_io_select3.rb
+++ b/benchmark/io_select3.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/irb_color.yml b/benchmark/irb_color.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ebdc8d7e8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/irb_color.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+prelude: |
+  require 'irb/color'
+  code = <<~'CODE'
+    def self.foo # bar
+      :"erb #{ERB.new("<%= self %>", trim_mode: ?-).result}"
+    end
+  CODE
+benchmark:
+  irb_color_complete: |
+    IRB::Color.colorize_code(code, complete: true)
+  irb_color_incomplete: |
+    IRB::Color.colorize_code(code, complete: false)
+loop_count: 2000000
diff --git a/benchmark/irb_exec.yml b/benchmark/irb_exec.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28933f8b38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/irb_exec.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+prelude: |
+  # frozen_string_literal: true
+  require 'rbconfig'
+  irb_f = [File.join(File.dirname(RbConfig.ruby), 'irb'), '-f']
+benchmark:
+  irb_exec: |
+    IO.popen(irb_f, 'w') do |io|
+      io.write('exit')
+    end
+loop_count: 30
diff --git a/benchmark/kernel_clone.yml b/benchmark/kernel_clone.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..069b23abcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/kernel_clone.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+prelude: "object = Object.new"
+benchmark:
+  clone: "object.clone"
+  clone_true: "object.clone(freeze: true)"
+  clone_false: "object.clone(freeze: false)"
+loop_count: 10000
diff --git a/benchmark/kernel_float.yml b/benchmark/kernel_float.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..215f6750fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/kernel_float.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+benchmark:
+  float: "Float(42)"
+  float_true: "Float(42, exception: true)"
+  float_false: "Float(42, exception: false)"
+loop_count: 10000
diff --git a/benchmark/kernel_tap.yml b/benchmark/kernel_tap.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dcbb31b4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/kernel_tap.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+prelude: |
+  obj = Object.new
+  x = nil
+benchmark:
+  kernel_tap: obj.tap { |o| x = o }
+loop_count: 20000000
diff --git a/benchmark/kernel_then.yml b/benchmark/kernel_then.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..85f7341e33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/kernel_then.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+benchmark:
+  kernel_then: 1.then { |i| i + 1 }
+  kernel_then_enum: 1.then
+  kernel_yield_self: 1.yield_self { |i| i + 1 }
+  kernel_yield_self_enum: 1.yield_self
+loop_count: 20000000
diff --git a/benchmark/keyword_arguments.yml b/benchmark/keyword_arguments.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fce6bce0b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/keyword_arguments.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+prelude: |
+  h = {a: 1}
+  def kw(a: 1) a end
+  def kws(**kw) kw end
+benchmark:
+  kw_to_kw: "kw(a: 1)"
+  kw_splat_to_kw: "kw(**h)"
+  kw_to_kw_splat: "kws(a: 1)"
+  kw_splat_to_kw_splat: "kws(**h)"
+  kw_and_splat_to_kw: "kw(a: 1, **h)"
+  kw_splats_to_kw: "kw(**h, **h)"
+  kw_and_splat_to_kw_splat: "kws(a: 1, **h)"
+  kw_splats_to_kw_splat: "kws(**h, **h)"
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/output/driver.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/output/driver.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d22236e9fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/output/driver.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/output/simple'
+
+# This replicates the legacy benchmark/driver.rb behavior.
+class BenchmarkDriver::Output::Driver < BenchmarkDriver::Output::Simple
+  def initialize(*)
+    super
+    @stdout = $stdout
+    @strio  = StringIO.new
+    $stdout = IOMultiplexer.new(@stdout, @strio)
+  end
+
+  def with_benchmark(*)
+    super
+  ensure
+    logfile = "bmlog-#{Time.now.strftime('%Y%m%d-%H%M%S')}.#{$$}.log"
+    puts "\nLog file: #{logfile}"
+
+    $stdout = @stdout
+    File.write(logfile, @strio.tap(&:rewind).read)
+  end
+
+  class IOMultiplexer
+    def initialize(io1, io2)
+      @io1 = io1
+      @io2 = io2
+    end
+
+    [:write, :sync, :sync=, :puts, :print, :flush].each do |method|
+      define_method(method) do |*args|
+        @io1.send(method, *args)
+        @io2.send(method, *args)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  private_constant :IOMultiplexer
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/cstime.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/cstime.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c3453e527
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/cstime.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/runner/total'
+
+class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Cstime < BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total
+  METRIC = BenchmarkDriver::Metric.new(name: 'cstime', unit: 's', larger_better: false)
+
+  # JobParser returns this, `BenchmarkDriver::Runner.runner_for` searches "*::Job"
+  Job = Class.new(BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJob)
+  # Dynamically fetched and used by `BenchmarkDriver::JobParser.parse`
+  JobParser = BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJobParser.for(klass: Job, metrics: [METRIC])
+
+  private
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total#metric
+  def metric
+    METRIC
+  end
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total#target
+  def target
+    :cstime
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/cutime.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/cutime.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e139962ef2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/cutime.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/runner/total'
+
+class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Cutime < BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total
+  METRIC = BenchmarkDriver::Metric.new(name: 'cutime', unit: 's', larger_better: false)
+
+  # JobParser returns this, `BenchmarkDriver::Runner.runner_for` searches "*::Job"
+  Job = Class.new(BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJob)
+  # Dynamically fetched and used by `BenchmarkDriver::JobParser.parse`
+  JobParser = BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJobParser.for(klass: Job, metrics: [METRIC])
+
+  private
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total#metric
+  def metric
+    METRIC
+  end
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total#target
+  def target
+    :cutime
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d4693e8be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/struct'
+require 'benchmark_driver/metric'
+require 'erb'
+
+# A runner to measure after-JIT performance easily
+class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Mjit < BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Ips
+  # JobParser returns this, `BenchmarkDriver::Runner.runner_for` searches "*::Job"
+  Job = Class.new(BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJob)
+
+  # Dynamically fetched and used by `BenchmarkDriver::JobParser.parse`
+  JobParser = BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJobParser.for(klass: Job, metrics: [METRIC]).extend(Module.new{
+    def parse(**)
+      jobs = super
+      jobs.map do |job|
+        job = job.dup
+        job.prelude = "#{job.prelude}\n#{<<~EOS}"
+          if defined?(RubyVM::MJIT) && RubyVM::MJIT.enabled?
+            __bmdv_ruby_i = 0
+            while __bmdv_ruby_i < 10000 # jit_min_calls
+              #{job.script}
+              __bmdv_ruby_i += 1
+            end
+            RubyVM::MJIT.pause # compile
+            #{job.script}
+            RubyVM::MJIT.resume; RubyVM::MJIT.pause # recompile
+            #{job.script}
+            RubyVM::MJIT.resume; RubyVM::MJIT.pause # recompile 2
+          end
+        EOS
+        job
+      end
+    end
+  })
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit_exec.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit_exec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eac3dfba84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit_exec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/struct'
+require 'benchmark_driver/metric'
+require 'erb'
+
+# A special runner dedicated for measuring mjit_exec overhead.
+class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::MjitExec
+  METRIC = BenchmarkDriver::Metric.new(name: 'Iteration per second', unit: 'i/s')
+
+  # JobParser returns this, `BenchmarkDriver::Runner.runner_for` searches "*::Job"
+  Job = ::BenchmarkDriver::Struct.new(
+    :name,        # @param [String] name - This is mandatory for all runner
+    :metrics,     # @param [Array<BenchmarkDriver::Metric>]
+    :num_methods, # @param [Integer] num_methods - The number of methods to be defined
+    :loop_count,  # @param [Integer] loop_count
+    :from_jit,    # @param [TrueClass,FalseClass] from_jit - Whether the mjit_exec() is from JIT or not
+    :to_jit,      # @param [TrueClass,FalseClass] to_jit - Whether the mjit_exec() is to JIT or not
+  )
+  # Dynamically fetched and used by `BenchmarkDriver::JobParser.parse`
+  class << JobParser = Module.new
+    # @param [Array,String] num_methods
+    # @param [Integer] loop_count
+    # @param [TrueClass,FalseClass] from_jit
+    # @param [TrueClass,FalseClass] to_jit
+    def parse(num_methods:, loop_count:, from_jit:, to_jit:)
+      if num_methods.is_a?(String)
+        num_methods = eval(num_methods)
+      end
+
+      num_methods.map do |num|
+        if num_methods.size > 1
+          suffix = "[#{'%4d' % num}]"
+        else
+          suffix = "_#{num}"
+        end
+        Job.new(
+          name: "mjit_exec_#{from_jit ? 'JT' : 'VM'}2#{to_jit ? 'JT' : 'VM'}#{suffix}",
+          metrics: [METRIC],
+          num_methods: num,
+          loop_count: loop_count,
+          from_jit: from_jit,
+          to_jit: to_jit,
+        )
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Config::RunnerConfig] config
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Output] output
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Context] contexts
+  def initialize(config:, output:, contexts:)
+    @config = config
+    @output = output
+    @contexts = contexts
+  end
+
+  # This method is dynamically called by `BenchmarkDriver::JobRunner.run`
+  # @param [Array<BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Peak::Job>] jobs
+  def run(jobs)
+    @output.with_benchmark do
+      jobs.each do |job|
+        @output.with_job(name: job.name) do
+          @contexts.each do |context|
+            result = BenchmarkDriver::Repeater.with_repeat(config: @config, larger_better: true, rest_on_average: :average) do
+              run_benchmark(job, context: context)
+            end
+            value, duration = result.value
+            @output.with_context(name: context.name, executable: context.executable, gems: context.gems, prelude: context.prelude) do
+              @output.report(values: { METRIC => value }, duration: duration, loop_count: job.loop_count)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Ips::Job] job - loop_count is not nil
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Context] context
+  # @return [BenchmarkDriver::Metrics]
+  def run_benchmark(job, context:)
+    if job.from_jit
+      if job.to_jit
+        benchmark = BenchmarkJT2JT.new(num_methods: job.num_methods, loop_count: job.loop_count)
+      else
+        raise NotImplementedError, "JT2VM is not implemented yet"
+      end
+    else
+      if job.to_jit
+        benchmark = BenchmarkVM2JT.new(num_methods: job.num_methods, loop_count: job.loop_count)
+      else
+        benchmark = BenchmarkVM2VM.new(num_methods: job.num_methods, loop_count: job.loop_count)
+      end
+    end
+
+    duration = Tempfile.open(['benchmark_driver-result', '.txt']) do |f|
+      with_script(benchmark.render(result: f.path)) do |path|
+        opt = []
+        if context.executable.command.any? { |c| c.start_with?('--jit') }
+          opt << '--jit-min-calls=2'
+        end
+        IO.popen([*context.executable.command, '--disable-gems', *opt, path], &:read)
+        if $?.success?
+          Float(f.read)
+        else
+          BenchmarkDriver::Result::ERROR
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    [job.loop_count.to_f / duration, duration]
+  end
+
+  def with_script(script)
+    if @config.verbose >= 2
+      sep = '-' * 30
+      $stdout.puts "\n\n#{sep}[Script begin]#{sep}\n#{script}#{sep}[Script end]#{sep}\n\n"
+    end
+
+    Tempfile.open(['benchmark_driver-', '.rb']) do |f|
+      f.puts script
+      f.close
+      return yield(f.path)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # @param [Integer] num_methods
+  # @param [Integer] loop_count
+  BenchmarkVM2VM = ::BenchmarkDriver::Struct.new(:num_methods, :loop_count) do
+    # @param [String] result - A file to write result
+    def render(result:)
+      ERB.new(<<~EOS, trim_mode: '%').result(binding)
+        % num_methods.times do |i|
+        def a<%= i %>
+          nil
+        end
+        % end
+        RubyVM::MJIT.pause if defined?(RubyVM::MJIT) && RubyVM::MJIT.enabled?
+
+        def vm
+          t = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+          i = 0
+          while i < <%= loop_count / 1000 %>
+        % 1000.times do |i|
+            a<%= i % num_methods %>
+        % end
+            i += 1
+          end
+        % (loop_count % 1000).times do |i|
+          a<%= i % num_methods %>
+        % end
+          Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - t
+        end
+
+        vm # warmup call cache
+        File.write(<%= result.dump %>, vm)
+      EOS
+    end
+  end
+  private_constant :BenchmarkVM2VM
+
+  # @param [Integer] num_methods
+  # @param [Integer] loop_count
+  BenchmarkVM2JT = ::BenchmarkDriver::Struct.new(:num_methods, :loop_count) do
+    # @param [String] result - A file to write result
+    def render(result:)
+      ERB.new(<<~EOS, trim_mode: '%').result(binding)
+        % num_methods.times do |i|
+        def a<%= i %>
+          nil
+        end
+        a<%= i %>
+        a<%= i %> # --jit-min-calls=2
+        % end
+        RubyVM::MJIT.pause if defined?(RubyVM::MJIT) && RubyVM::MJIT.enabled?
+
+        def vm
+          t = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+          i = 0
+          while i < <%= loop_count / 1000 %>
+        % 1000.times do |i|
+            a<%= i % num_methods %>
+        % end
+            i += 1
+          end
+        % (loop_count % 1000).times do |i|
+          a<%= i % num_methods %>
+        % end
+          Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - t
+        end
+
+        vm # warmup call cache
+        File.write(<%= result.dump %>, vm)
+      EOS
+    end
+  end
+  private_constant :BenchmarkVM2JT
+
+  # @param [Integer] num_methods
+  # @param [Integer] loop_count
+  BenchmarkJT2JT = ::BenchmarkDriver::Struct.new(:num_methods, :loop_count) do
+    # @param [String] result - A file to write result
+    def render(result:)
+      ERB.new(<<~EOS, trim_mode: '%').result(binding)
+        % num_methods.times do |i|
+        def a<%= i %>
+          nil
+        end
+        % end
+
+        # You may need to:
+        #   * Increase `JIT_ISEQ_SIZE_THRESHOLD` to 10000000 in mjit.h
+        #   * Always return false in `inlinable_iseq_p()` of mjit_compile.c
+        def jit
+          t = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+          i = 0
+          while i < <%= loop_count / 1000 %>
+        % 1000.times do |i|
+            a<%= i % num_methods %>
+        % end
+            i += 1
+          end
+        % (loop_count % 1000).times do |i|
+          a<%= i % num_methods %>
+        % end
+          Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - t
+        end
+
+        jit
+        jit
+        RubyVM::MJIT.pause if defined?(RubyVM::MJIT) && RubyVM::MJIT.enabled?
+        File.write(<%= result.dump %>, jit)
+      EOS
+    end
+  end
+  private_constant :BenchmarkJT2JT
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/peak.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/peak.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d04f2e51ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/peak.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/struct'
+require 'benchmark_driver/metric'
+require 'benchmark_driver/default_job'
+require 'benchmark_driver/default_job_parser'
+require 'tempfile'
+
+class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Peak
+  METRIC = BenchmarkDriver::Metric.new(
+    name: 'Peak memory usage', unit: 'bytes', larger_better: false, worse_word: 'larger',
+  )
+
+  # JobParser returns this, `BenchmarkDriver::Runner.runner_for` searches "*::Job"
+  Job = Class.new(BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJob)
+  # Dynamically fetched and used by `BenchmarkDriver::JobParser.parse`
+  JobParser = BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJobParser.for(klass: Job, metrics: [METRIC])
+
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Config::RunnerConfig] config
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Output] output
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Context] contexts
+  def initialize(config:, output:, contexts:)
+    @config = config
+    @output = output
+    @contexts = contexts
+  end
+
+  # This method is dynamically called by `BenchmarkDriver::JobRunner.run`
+  # @param [Array<BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Peak::Job>] jobs
+  def run(jobs)
+    if jobs.any? { |job| job.loop_count.nil? }
+      jobs = jobs.map do |job|
+        job.loop_count ? job : Job.new(job.to_h.merge(loop_count: 1))
+      end
+    end
+
+    @output.with_benchmark do
+      jobs.each do |job|
+        @output.with_job(name: job.name) do
+          job.runnable_contexts(@contexts).each do |context|
+            value = BenchmarkDriver::Repeater.with_repeat(config: @config, larger_better: false) do
+              run_benchmark(job, context: context)
+            end
+            @output.with_context(name: context.name, executable: context.executable, gems: context.gems, prelude: context.prelude) do
+              @output.report(values: { metric => value }, loop_count: job.loop_count)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Ips::Job] job - loop_count is not nil
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Context] context
+  # @return [BenchmarkDriver::Metrics]
+  def run_benchmark(job, context:)
+    benchmark = BenchmarkScript.new(
+      preludes:   [context.prelude, job.prelude],
+      script:     job.script,
+      teardown:   job.teardown,
+      loop_count: job.loop_count,
+    )
+
+    memory_status = File.expand_path('../../../../tool/lib/memory_status', __dir__)
+    Tempfile.open(['benchmark_driver-', '.rb']) do |f|
+      with_script(benchmark.render) do |path|
+        output = IO.popen([*context.executable.command, path, f.path, target, memory_status], &:read)
+        if $?.success?
+          Integer(f.read)
+        else
+          $stdout.print(output)
+          BenchmarkDriver::Result::ERROR
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Overridden by BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Size
+  def target
+    'peak'
+  end
+
+  # Overridden by BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Size
+  def metric
+    METRIC
+  end
+
+  def with_script(script)
+    if @config.verbose >= 2
+      sep = '-' * 30
+      $stdout.puts "\n\n#{sep}[Script begin]#{sep}\n#{script}#{sep}[Script end]#{sep}\n\n"
+    end
+
+    Tempfile.open(['benchmark_driver-', '.rb']) do |f|
+      f.puts script
+      f.close
+      return yield(f.path)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # @param [String] prelude
+  # @param [String] script
+  # @param [String] teardown
+  # @param [Integer] loop_count
+  BenchmarkScript = ::BenchmarkDriver::Struct.new(:preludes, :script, :teardown, :loop_count) do
+    def render
+      prelude = preludes.reject(&:nil?).reject(&:empty?).join("\n")
+      <<-RUBY
+#{prelude}
+#{while_loop(script, loop_count)}
+#{teardown}
+
+result_file, target, memory_status = ARGV
+require_relative memory_status
+
+ms = Memory::Status.new
+case target.to_sym
+when :peak
+  key = ms.respond_to?(:hwm) ? :hwm : :peak
+when :size
+  key = ms.respond_to?(:rss) ? :rss : :size
+else
+  raise('unexpected target: ' + target)
+end
+
+File.write(result_file, ms[key])
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def while_loop(content, times)
+      if !times.is_a?(Integer) || times <= 0
+        raise ArgumentError.new("Unexpected times: #{times.inspect}")
+      end
+
+      if times > 1
+        <<-RUBY
+__bmdv_i = 0
+while __bmdv_i < #{times}
+  #{content}
+  __bmdv_i += 1
+end
+        RUBY
+      else
+        content
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  private_constant :BenchmarkScript
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/size.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/size.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b31f901c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/size.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/runner/peak'
+
+# Actually the same as BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Memory
+class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Size < BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Peak
+  METRIC = BenchmarkDriver::Metric.new(
+    name: 'Max resident set size', unit: 'bytes', larger_better: false, worse_word: 'larger',
+  )
+
+  # JobParser returns this, `BenchmarkDriver::Runner.runner_for` searches "*::Job"
+  Job = Class.new(BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJob)
+  # Dynamically fetched and used by `BenchmarkDriver::JobParser.parse`
+  JobParser = BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJobParser.for(klass: Job, metrics: [METRIC])
+
+  private
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Peak#metric
+  def metric
+    METRIC
+  end
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Peak#target
+  def target
+    'size'
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/stime.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/stime.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4577fb0bf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/stime.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/runner/total'
+
+class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Stime < BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total
+  METRIC = BenchmarkDriver::Metric.new(name: 'stime', unit: 's', larger_better: false)
+
+  # JobParser returns this, `BenchmarkDriver::Runner.runner_for` searches "*::Job"
+  Job = Class.new(BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJob)
+  # Dynamically fetched and used by `BenchmarkDriver::JobParser.parse`
+  JobParser = BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJobParser.for(klass: Job, metrics: [METRIC])
+
+  private
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total#metric
+  def metric
+    METRIC
+  end
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total#target
+  def target
+    :stime
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/total.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/total.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64dc14f84e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/total.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/struct'
+require 'benchmark_driver/metric'
+require 'benchmark_driver/default_job'
+require 'benchmark_driver/default_job_parser'
+require 'tempfile'
+
+class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total
+  METRIC = BenchmarkDriver::Metric.new(name: 'Total time', unit: 's', larger_better: false)
+
+  # JobParser returns this, `BenchmarkDriver::Runner.runner_for` searches "*::Job"
+  Job = Class.new(BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJob)
+  # Dynamically fetched and used by `BenchmarkDriver::JobParser.parse`
+  JobParser = BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJobParser.for(klass: Job, metrics: [METRIC])
+
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Config::RunnerConfig] config
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Output] output
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Context] contexts
+  def initialize(config:, output:, contexts:)
+    @config = config
+    @output = output
+    @contexts = contexts
+  end
+
+  # This method is dynamically called by `BenchmarkDriver::JobRunner.run`
+  # @param [Array<BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total::Job>] jobs
+  def run(jobs)
+    if jobs.any? { |job| job.loop_count.nil? }
+      raise 'missing loop_count is not supported in Ruby repository'
+    end
+
+    @output.with_benchmark do
+      jobs.each do |job|
+        @output.with_job(name: job.name) do
+          job.runnable_contexts(@contexts).each do |context|
+            duration = BenchmarkDriver::Repeater.with_repeat(config: @config, larger_better: false) do
+              run_benchmark(job, context: context)
+            end
+            @output.with_context(name: context.name, executable: context.executable, gems: context.gems, prelude: context.prelude) do
+              @output.report(values: { metric => duration }, duration: duration, loop_count: job.loop_count)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Ips::Job] job - loop_count is not nil
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Context] context
+  # @return [BenchmarkDriver::Metrics]
+  def run_benchmark(job, context:)
+    benchmark = BenchmarkScript.new(
+      preludes:   [context.prelude, job.prelude],
+      script:     job.script,
+      teardown:   job.teardown,
+      loop_count: job.loop_count,
+    )
+
+    Tempfile.open(['benchmark_driver-', '.rb']) do |f|
+      with_script(benchmark.render(result: f.path, target: target)) do |path|
+        IO.popen([*context.executable.command, path], &:read) # TODO: print stdout if verbose=2
+        if $?.success?
+          Float(f.read)
+        else
+          BenchmarkDriver::Result::ERROR
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # This method is overridden by some subclasses
+  def metric
+    METRIC
+  end
+
+  # This method is overridden by some subclasses
+  def target
+    :total
+  end
+
+  def with_script(script)
+    if @config.verbose >= 2
+      sep = '-' * 30
+      $stdout.puts "\n\n#{sep}[Script begin]#{sep}\n#{script}#{sep}[Script end]#{sep}\n\n"
+    end
+
+    Tempfile.open(['benchmark_driver-', '.rb']) do |f|
+      f.puts script
+      f.close
+      return yield(f.path)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # @param [String] prelude
+  # @param [String] script
+  # @param [String] teardown
+  # @param [Integer] loop_count
+  BenchmarkScript = ::BenchmarkDriver::Struct.new(:preludes, :script, :teardown, :loop_count) do
+    # @param [String] result - A file to write result
+    def render(result:, target:)
+      prelude = preludes.reject(&:nil?).reject(&:empty?).join("\n")
+      <<-RUBY
+#{prelude}
+
+require 'benchmark'
+__bmdv_result = Benchmark.measure {
+  #{while_loop(script, loop_count)}
+}
+
+#{teardown}
+
+File.write(#{result.dump}, __bmdv_result.#{target})
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def while_loop(content, times)
+      if !times.is_a?(Integer) || times <= 0
+        raise ArgumentError.new("Unexpected times: #{times.inspect}")
+      elsif times == 1
+        return content
+      end
+
+      # TODO: execute in batch
+      <<-RUBY
+__bmdv_i = 0
+while __bmdv_i < #{times}
+  #{content}
+  __bmdv_i += 1
+end
+      RUBY
+    end
+  end
+  private_constant :BenchmarkScript
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/utime.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/utime.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b61d83a188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/utime.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/runner/total'
+
+class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Utime < BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total
+  METRIC = BenchmarkDriver::Metric.new(name: 'utime', unit: 's', larger_better: false)
+
+  # JobParser returns this, `BenchmarkDriver::Runner.runner_for` searches "*::Job"
+  Job = Class.new(BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJob)
+  # Dynamically fetched and used by `BenchmarkDriver::JobParser.parse`
+  JobParser = BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJobParser.for(klass: Job, metrics: [METRIC])
+
+  private
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total#metric
+  def metric
+    METRIC
+  end
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total#target
+  def target
+    :utime
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/load.rb b/benchmark/lib/load.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..31b770c484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/load.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# How to use this file:
+#   1. write a `$(srcdir)/test.rb` like:
+=begin
+require_relative 'benchmark/lib/load'
+
+Benchmark.driver(repeat_count: 5){|x|
+  x.executable name: 'clean-miniruby', command: %w'../clean-trunk/miniruby'
+  x.executable name: 'modif-miniruby', command: %w'./miniruby'
+
+  x.report %q{
+    h = {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4}
+  }
+}
+=end
+#
+#  2. `make run`
+$:.unshift(File.join(__dir__, '../benchmark-driver/lib'))
+require 'benchmark_driver'
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_loop_for.rb b/benchmark/loop_for.rb
index 0fc4cc1511..0fc4cc1511 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_loop_for.rb
+++ b/benchmark/loop_for.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_loop_generator.rb b/benchmark/loop_generator.rb
index d3375c744c..d3375c744c 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_loop_generator.rb
+++ b/benchmark/loop_generator.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_loop_times.rb b/benchmark/loop_times.rb
index 521f72ad1a..521f72ad1a 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_loop_times.rb
+++ b/benchmark/loop_times.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_loop_whileloop.rb b/benchmark/loop_whileloop.rb
index 0072822c06..0072822c06 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_loop_whileloop.rb
+++ b/benchmark/loop_whileloop.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_loop_whileloop2.rb b/benchmark/loop_whileloop2.rb
index 47d02dffc4..47d02dffc4 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_loop_whileloop2.rb
+++ b/benchmark/loop_whileloop2.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/make_fasta_output.rb b/benchmark/make_fasta_output.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b6d787ae27..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/make_fasta_output.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-# prepare 'fasta.output'
-
-def prepare_fasta_output n
-  filebase = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'fasta.output')
-  script = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'bm_so_fasta.rb')
-  file = "#{filebase}.#{n}"
-
-  unless FileTest.exist?(file)
-    STDERR.puts "preparing #{file}"
-
-    open(file, 'w'){|f|
-      ARGV[0] = n
-      $stdout = f
-      load script
-      $stdout = STDOUT
-    }
-  end
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_marshal_dump_flo.rb b/benchmark/marshal_dump_flo.rb
index 9b8d0c6afb..9b8d0c6afb 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_marshal_dump_flo.rb
+++ b/benchmark/marshal_dump_flo.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/marshal_dump_load_geniv.rb b/benchmark/marshal_dump_load_geniv.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8252ad90fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/marshal_dump_load_geniv.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+a = ''
+a.instance_eval do
+  @a = :a
+  @b = :b
+  @c = :c
+end
+100000.times do
+  a = Marshal.load(Marshal.dump(a))
+end
+#p(a.instance_eval { @a == :a && @b == :b && @c == :c })
diff --git a/benchmark/marshal_dump_load_time.rb b/benchmark/marshal_dump_load_time.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e29743b791
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/marshal_dump_load_time.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+100000.times { Marshal.load(Marshal.dump(Time.now)) }
diff --git a/benchmark/match_gt4.rb b/benchmark/match_gt4.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ffda109912
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/match_gt4.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1000000.times { /(.)(.)(\d+)(\d)/.match("THX1138.") }
diff --git a/benchmark/match_small.rb b/benchmark/match_small.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b743d484a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/match_small.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1000000.times { 'haystack'.match(/hay/) }
diff --git a/benchmark/mjit_exec_jt2jt.yml b/benchmark/mjit_exec_jt2jt.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c303c7a44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/mjit_exec_jt2jt.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit_exec
+num_methods: [1]
+#num_methods: (1..100).to_a + [200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000]
+loop_count: 50000000
+from_jit: true
+to_jit: true
diff --git a/benchmark/mjit_exec_vm2jt.yml b/benchmark/mjit_exec_vm2jt.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..764883f070
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/mjit_exec_vm2jt.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit_exec
+num_methods: [1]
+#num_methods: (1..100).to_a + [200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000]
+loop_count: 50000000
+from_jit: false
+to_jit: true
diff --git a/benchmark/mjit_exec_vm2vm.yml b/benchmark/mjit_exec_vm2vm.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..030aa76c1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/mjit_exec_vm2vm.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit_exec
+num_methods: [1]
+#num_methods: (1..100).to_a + [200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000]
+loop_count: 50000000
+from_jit: false
+to_jit: false
diff --git a/benchmark/mjit_exivar.yml b/benchmark/mjit_exivar.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2584fa6410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/mjit_exivar.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit
+prelude: |
+  class Bench < Hash
+    def initialize
+      @exivar = nil
+    end
+
+    def exivar
+      @exivar
+    end
+  end
+
+  bench = Bench.new
+
+benchmark:
+  mjit_exivar: bench.exivar
+
+loop_count: 200000000
diff --git a/benchmark/mjit_integer.yml b/benchmark/mjit_integer.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..edc3556479
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/mjit_integer.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit
+prelude: |
+  def mjit_abs(int)        int.abs        end
+  def mjit_bit_length(int) int.bit_length end
+  def mjit_comp(int)       ~int           end
+  def mjit_even?(int)      int.even?      end
+  def mjit_integer?(int)   int.integer?   end
+  def mjit_magnitude(int)  int.magnitude  end
+  def mjit_odd?(int)       int.odd?       end
+  def mjit_ord(int)        int.ord        end
+  def mjit_to_i(int)       int.to_i       end
+  def mjit_to_int(int)     int.to_int     end
+  def mjit_uminus(int)     -int           end
+  def mjit_zero?(int)      int.zero?      end
+
+benchmark:
+  - mjit_abs(-1)
+  - mjit_bit_length(100)
+  - mjit_comp(1)
+  - mjit_even?(2)
+  - mjit_integer?(0)
+  - mjit_magnitude(-1)
+  - mjit_odd?(1)
+  - mjit_ord(1)
+  - mjit_to_i(1)
+  - mjit_to_int(1)
+  - mjit_uminus(1)
+  - mjit_zero?(0)
+
+loop_count: 40000000
diff --git a/benchmark/mjit_kernel.yml b/benchmark/mjit_kernel.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7720e65c2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/mjit_kernel.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit
+prelude: |
+  def mjit_class(obj)
+    obj.class
+  end
+
+  def mjit_frozen?(obj)
+    obj.frozen?
+  end
+
+  str = ""
+  fstr = "".freeze
+
+benchmark:
+  - mjit_class(self)
+  - mjit_class(1)
+  - mjit_frozen?(str)
+  - mjit_frozen?(fstr)
+
+loop_count: 40000000
diff --git a/benchmark/mjit_leave.yml b/benchmark/mjit_leave.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ac68b164b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/mjit_leave.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit
+prelude: |
+  def leave
+    nil
+  end
+benchmark:
+  mjit_leave: leave
+loop_count: 200000000
diff --git a/benchmark/mjit_opt_cc_insns.yml b/benchmark/mjit_opt_cc_insns.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fed6d34bd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/mjit_opt_cc_insns.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# opt_* insns using vm_method_cfunc_is with send-compatible operands:
+#   * opt_nil_p
+#   * opt_not
+#   * opt_eq
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit
+prelude: |
+  def mjit_nil?(obj)
+    obj.nil?
+  end
+
+  def mjit_not(obj)
+    !obj
+  end
+
+  def mjit_eq(a, b)
+    a == b
+  end
+
+benchmark:
+  - script: mjit_nil?(1)
+    loop_count: 40000000
+  - script: mjit_not(1)
+    loop_count: 40000000
+  - script: mjit_eq(1, nil)
+    loop_count: 8000000
+  - script: mjit_eq(nil, 1)
+    loop_count: 8000000
diff --git a/benchmark/mjit_struct_aref.yml b/benchmark/mjit_struct_aref.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bfba1323f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/mjit_struct_aref.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit
+prelude: |
+  def mjit_struct_aref(struct)
+    struct.aa
+  end
+  struct = Struct.new(:a0, :a1, :a2, :a3, :a4, :a5, :a6, :a7, :a8, :a9, :aa).new
+
+benchmark: mjit_struct_aref(struct)
+
+loop_count: 40000000
diff --git a/benchmark/nil_p.yml b/benchmark/nil_p.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79ba4f2177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/nil_p.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+prelude: |
+  class Niller; def nil?; true; end; end
+  xnil, notnil = nil, Object.new
+  niller = Niller.new
+benchmark:
+  - xnil.nil?
+  - notnil.nil?
+  - niller.nil?
+loop_count: 10000000
diff --git a/benchmark/num_zero_p.yml b/benchmark/num_zero_p.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2195963433
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/num_zero_p.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+benchmark:
+  - 0.zero?
+  - 1.zero?
+  - 0r.zero?
+  - 1r.zero?
+  - 0i.zero?
+  - 1i.zero?
+loop_count: 50000000
diff --git a/benchmark/object_allocate.yml b/benchmark/object_allocate.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93ff463e41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/object_allocate.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+prelude: |
+  class Eight
+    8.times { include(Module.new) }
+  end
+  class ThirtyTwo
+    32.times { include(Module.new) }
+  end
+  class SixtyFour
+    64.times { include(Module.new) }
+  end
+  class OneTwentyEight
+    128.times { include(Module.new) }
+  end
+  # Disable GC to see raw throughput:
+  GC.disable
+benchmark:
+  allocate_8_deep: Eight.new
+  allocate_32_deep: ThirtyTwo.new
+  allocate_64_deep: SixtyFour.new
+  allocate_128_deep: OneTwentyEight.new
+loop_count: 100000
diff --git a/benchmark/objspace_dump_all.yml b/benchmark/objspace_dump_all.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ebab562d2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/objspace_dump_all.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+prelude: |
+  require 'objspace'
+  require 'tempfile'
+  $objs = 1_000.times.map { Object.new }
+  $strings = 1_000.times.map { |i| "string #{i}" }
+  $file = Tempfile.new('heap')
+  $dev_null = File.open(File::NULL, 'w+')
+
+benchmark:
+  dump_all_string: "ObjectSpace.dump_all(output: :string)"
+  dump_all_file: "ObjectSpace.dump_all(output: $file)"
+  dump_all_dev_null: "ObjectSpace.dump_all(output: $dev_null)"
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/other-lang/fact.py b/benchmark/other-lang/fact.py
index 01593965d9..1ce9f76275 100644
--- a/benchmark/other-lang/fact.py
+++ b/benchmark/other-lang/fact.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 def factL(n):
 	r = 1
-	for x in range(2, n):
+	for x in range(2, n+1):
 		r *= x
 	return r
 
diff --git a/benchmark/pm_array.yml b/benchmark/pm_array.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..babb65a289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/pm_array.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+prelude: |
+  def call(*val)
+    case val
+      in [String => body]
+        [200, {}, [body]]
+      in [Integer => status]
+        [status, {}, [""]]
+      in [Integer, String] => response
+        [response[0], {}, [response[1]]]
+      in [Integer, Hash, String] => response
+        [response[0], response[1], [response[2]]]
+    end
+  end
+
+benchmark:
+  first_match: call("ok")
+  second_match: call(401)
+  third_match: call(200, "ok")
+  fourth_match: call(201, {}, "created")
diff --git a/benchmark/prepare_so_count_words.rb b/benchmark/prepare_so_count_words.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index ee2138cdb2..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/prepare_so_count_words.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-# prepare 'wc.input'
-
-def prepare_wc_input
-  wcinput = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'wc.input')
-  wcbase  = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'wc.input.base')
-  unless FileTest.exist?(wcinput)
-    data = File.read(wcbase)
-    13.times{
-      data << data
-    }
-    open(wcinput, 'w'){|f| f.write data}
-  end
-end
-
-prepare_wc_input
diff --git a/benchmark/prepare_so_k_nucleotide.rb b/benchmark/prepare_so_k_nucleotide.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index d83aeb7a7e..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/prepare_so_k_nucleotide.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-require_relative 'make_fasta_output'
-prepare_fasta_output(100_000)
diff --git a/benchmark/prepare_so_reverse_complement.rb b/benchmark/prepare_so_reverse_complement.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index da3ec2df14..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/prepare_so_reverse_complement.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-require_relative 'make_fasta_output'
-prepare_fasta_output(2_500_000)
diff --git a/benchmark/range_last.yml b/benchmark/range_last.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6674f82ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/range_last.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  - (1..1_000_000).last(100)
+  - (1..1_000_000).last(1000)
+  - (1..1_000_000).last(10000)
diff --git a/benchmark/realpath.yml b/benchmark/realpath.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..90a029d5b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/realpath.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+prelude: |
+  f = File
+  pwd = Dir.pwd
+  Dir.mkdir('b') unless f.directory?('b')
+  f.write('b/a', '') unless f.file?('b/a')
+
+  relative = 'b/a'
+  absolute = File.join(pwd, relative)
+  dir = 'b'
+  file = 'a'
+
+  relative_dir = 'b/c'
+  absolute_dir = File.join(pwd, relative_dir)
+  file_dir = 'c'
+benchmark:
+  relative_nil: "f.realpath(relative, nil)"
+  absolute_nil: "f.realpath(absolute, nil)"
+  relative_relative: "f.realpath(file, dir)"
+  absolute_relative: "f.realpath(absolute, dir)"
+  relative_absolute: "f.realpath(relative, pwd)"
+  relative_nil_dir: "f.realdirpath(relative_dir, nil)"
+  absolute_nil_dir: "f.realdirpath(absolute_dir, nil)"
+  relative_relative_dir: "f.realdirpath(file_dir, dir)"
+  absolute_relative_dir: "f.realdirpath(absolute_dir, dir)"
+  relative_absolute_dir: "f.realdirpath(relative_dir, pwd)"
+  relative_nil_notexist: "f.realpath(relative_dir, nil) rescue nil"
+  absolute_nil_notexist: "f.realpath(absolute_dir, nil) rescue nil"
+  relative_relative_notexist: "f.realpath(file_dir, dir) rescue nil"
+  absolute_relative_notexist: "f.realpath(absolute_dir, dir) rescue nil"
+  relative_absolute_notexist: "f.realpath(relative_dir, pwd) rescue nil"
diff --git a/benchmark/report.rb b/benchmark/report.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index d2dc56b1e1..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/report.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-#
-# YARV benchmark driver
-#
-
-require 'yarvutil'
-require 'benchmark'
-require 'rbconfig'
-
-def exec_command type, file, w
-  <<-EOP
-  $DRIVER_PATH = '#{File.dirname($0)}'
-  $LOAD_PATH.replace $LOAD_PATH | #{$LOAD_PATH.inspect}
-  require 'benchmark'
-  require 'yarvutil'
-#  print '#{type}'
-  begin
-    puts Benchmark.measure{
-      #{w}('#{file}')
-    }.utime
-  rescue Exception => exec_command_error_variable
-    puts "\t" + exec_command_error_variable.message
-  end
-  EOP
-end
-
-def benchmark cmd
-  rubybin = ENV['RUBY'] || RbConfig.ruby
-
-  IO.popen(rubybin, 'r+'){|io|
-    io.write cmd
-    io.close_write
-    return io.gets
-  }
-end
-
-def ruby_exec file
-  prog = exec_command 'ruby', file, 'load'
-  benchmark prog
-end
-
-def yarv_exec file
-  prog = exec_command 'yarv', file, 'YARVUtil.load_bm'
-  benchmark prog
-end
-
-$wr = $wy = nil
-
-def measure bench
-  file = File.dirname($0) + "/bm_#{bench}.rb"
-  r = ruby_exec(file).to_f
-  y = yarv_exec(file).to_f
-  puts "#{bench}\t#{r}\t#{y}"
-end
-
-def measure2
-  r = ruby_exec.to_f
-  y = yarv_exec.to_f
-  puts r/y
-end
-
-if $0 == __FILE__
-  %w{
-    whileloop
-    whileloop2
-    times
-    const
-    method
-    poly_method
-    block
-    rescue
-    rescue2
-  }.each{|bench|
-    measure bench
-  }
-end
-
-
-
-
diff --git a/benchmark/require.yml b/benchmark/require.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09f218cf08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/require.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+prelude: |
+  require "fileutils"
+
+  def prepare
+    num_files = 10000
+
+    basename = File.dirname($0)
+    data_dir = File.join(basename, "bm_require.data")
+
+    # skip if all of files exists
+    if File.exist?(File.join(data_dir, "c#{num_files}.rb"))
+      return
+    end
+
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p(data_dir)
+
+    1.upto(num_files) do |i|
+      File.write("#{data_dir}/c#{i}.rb", "class C#{i}\n""end\n")
+    end
+  end
+
+  prepare
+benchmark:
+  require: |
+    $:.push File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), "bm_require.data")
+
+    1.upto(10000) do |i|
+      require "c#{i}"
+    end
+
+    $:.pop
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/require_thread.yml b/benchmark/require_thread.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c63257106
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/require_thread.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+prelude: |
+  require "fileutils"
+
+  def prepare
+    num_files = 10000
+
+    basename = File.dirname($0)
+    data_dir = File.join(basename, "bm_require.data")
+
+    # skip if all of files exists
+    if File.exist?(File.join(data_dir, "c#{num_files}.rb"))
+      return
+    end
+
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p(data_dir)
+
+    1.upto(num_files) do |i|
+      File.write("#{data_dir}/c#{i}.rb", "class C#{i}\n""end\n")
+    end
+  end
+
+  prepare
+benchmark:
+  require_thread: |
+    $:.push File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), "bm_require.data")
+
+    i=0
+    t = Thread.new do
+      while true
+        i = i+1 # dummy loop
+      end
+    end
+
+    1.upto(100) do |i|
+      require "c#{i}"
+    end
+
+    $:.pop
+    t.kill
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/run.rb b/benchmark/run.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 0cd2363849..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/run.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Ruby benchmark driver
-#
-
-require 'benchmark'
-require 'rbconfig'
-
-$matzrubyonly = false
-$rubyonly = false
-
-$results  = []
-
-# prepare 'wc.input'
-def prepare_wc_input
-  wcinput = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'wc.input')
-  wcbase  = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'wc.input.base')
-  unless FileTest.exist?(wcinput)
-    data = File.read(wcbase)
-    13.times{
-      data << data
-    }
-    open(wcinput, 'w'){|f| f.write data}
-  end
-end
-
-prepare_wc_input
-
-def bm file
-  prog = File.readlines(file).map{|e| e.rstrip}.join("\n")
-  return if prog.empty?
-
-  /[a-z]+_(.+)\.rb/ =~ file
-  bm_name = $1
-  puts '-----------------------------------------------------------' unless $rubyonly || $matzrubyonly
-  puts "#{bm_name}: "
-
-
-puts <<EOS unless $matzrubyonly || $rubyonly
-#{prog}
---
-EOS
-  begin
-    result = [bm_name]
-    result << matzruby_exec(file) unless $rubyonly
-    result << ruby_exec(file) unless $matzrubyonly
-    $results << result
-
-  rescue Exception => e
-    puts
-    puts "** benchmark failure: #{e}"
-    puts e.backtrace
-  end
-end
-
-def benchmark file, bin
-  m = Benchmark.measure{
-    `#{bin} #{$opts} #{file}`
-  }
-  sec = '%.3f' % m.real
-  puts " #{sec}"
-  sec
-end
-
-def ruby_exec file
-  print 'ruby'
-  benchmark file, $ruby_program
-end
-
-def matzruby_exec file
-  print 'matz'
-  rubylib = ENV['RUBYLIB']
-  ENV['RUBYLIB'] = ''
-  r = benchmark file, $matzruby_program
-  ENV['RUBYLIB'] = rubylib
-  r
-end
-
-if $0 == __FILE__
-  ARGV.each{|arg|
-    case arg
-    when /\A--ruby=(.+)/
-      $ruby_program = $1
-    when /\A--matzruby=(.+)/
-      $matzruby_program = $1
-    when /\A--opts=(.+)/
-      $opts = $1
-    when /\A(-r|--only-ruby)\z/
-      $rubyonly = true
-    when /\A(-m|--only-matzruby)\z/
-      $matzrubyonly = true
-    end
-  }
-  ARGV.delete_if{|arg|
-    /\A-/ =~ arg
-  }
-
-  puts "MatzRuby:"
-  system("#{$matzruby_program} -v")
-  puts "Ruby:"
-  system("#{$ruby_program} -v")
-  puts
-
-  if ARGV.empty?
-    Dir.glob(File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/bm_*.rb').sort.each{|file|
-      bm file
-    }
-  else
-    ARGV.each{|file|
-      Dir.glob(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), file + '*')){|ef|
-        # file = "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/#{file}.rb"
-        bm ef
-      }
-    }
-  end
-
-  puts
-  puts "-- benchmark summary ---------------------------"
-  $results.each{|res|
-    print res.shift, "\t"
-    (res||[]).each{|result|
-      /([\d\.]+)/ =~ result
-      print $1 + "\t" if $1
-    }
-    puts
-  }
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/runc.rb b/benchmark/runc.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 97c5cef045..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/runc.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-#
-#
-#
-
-require 'benchmark'
-require 'rbconfig'
-
-$rubybin = ENV['RUBY'] || RbConfig.ruby
-
-def runfile file
-  puts file
-  file = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'contrib', file)
-  Benchmark.bm{|x|
-    x.report('ruby'){
-      system("#{$rubybin} #{file}")
-    }
-    x.report('yarv'){
-      system("#{$rubybin} -rite -I.. #{file}")
-    }
-  }
-end
-
-ARGV.each{|file|
-  runfile file
-}
-
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_securerandom.rb b/benchmark/securerandom.rb
index a082ea6d5b..a082ea6d5b 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_securerandom.rb
+++ b/benchmark/securerandom.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/so_ackermann.rb b/benchmark/so_ackermann.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4effa1ecaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_ackermann.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# -*- Ruby -*-
+# $Id: ackermann-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:40:41 bfulgham Exp $
+# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
+
+def ack(m, n)
+    if m == 0 then
+        n + 1
+    elsif n == 0 then
+        ack(m - 1, 1)
+    else
+        ack(m - 1, ack(m, n - 1))
+    end
+end
+
+NUM = 9
+ack(3, NUM)
+
+
diff --git a/benchmark/so_array.rb b/benchmark/so_array.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..767e03db5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_array.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# -*- Ruby -*-
+# $Id: ary-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:41:27 bfulgham Exp $
+# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
+# with help from Paul Brannan and Mark Hubbart
+
+n = 9000 # Integer(ARGV.shift || 1)
+
+x = Array.new(n)
+y = Array.new(n, 0)
+
+n.times{|bi|
+  x[bi] = bi + 1
+}
+
+(0 .. 999).each do |e|
+  (n-1).step(0,-1) do |bi|
+    y[bi] += x.at(bi)
+  end
+end
+# puts "#{y.first} #{y.last}"
+
+
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_binary_trees.rb b/benchmark/so_binary_trees.rb
index b1693e4109..b1693e4109 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_binary_trees.rb
+++ b/benchmark/so_binary_trees.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/so_concatenate.rb b/benchmark/so_concatenate.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4468e20ac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_concatenate.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# -*- Ruby -*-
+# $Id: strcat-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:43:28 bfulgham Exp $
+# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
+# based on code from Aristarkh A Zagorodnikov and Dat Nguyen
+
+STUFF = "hello\n"
+i = 0
+while i<10
+  i += 1
+  hello = ''
+  4_000_000.times do |e|
+    hello << STUFF
+  end
+end
+# puts hello.length
+
+
diff --git a/benchmark/so_count_words.yml b/benchmark/so_count_words.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..99683505f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_count_words.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+prelude: |
+  #!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+  wc_input_base = <<EOS
+  Subject:      Re: Who was Izchak Miller?
+  From:         "Jane D. Anonymous" <nobody@yale.edu>
+  Date:         1996/04/28
+  Message-Id:   <4lv7bc$oh@news.ycc.yale.edu>
+  References:   <317C405E.5DFA@panix.com> <4lk6vl$gde@ns.oar.net>
+  To:           75176.2330@compuserve.com
+  Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
+  Organization: Yale University
+  X-Url:        news:4lk6vl$gde@ns.oar.net
+  Mime-Version: 1.0
+  Newsgroups:   rec.games.roguelike.nethack
+  X-Mailer:     Mozilla 1.1N (Macintosh; I; 68K)
+
+  Hello there, Izchak Miller was my father.  When I was younger I spent 
+  many a night, hunched over the keyboard with a cup of tea, playing 
+  nethack with him and my brother.  my dad was a philosopher with a strong 
+  weakness for fantasy/sci fi.  I remember when he started to get involved 
+  with the Nethack team- my brother's Dungeons and Dragons monster book 
+  found a regular place beside my dad's desk. it's nice to see him living 
+  on in the game he loved so much :-).  
+                                                                    Tamar Miller
+
+  The following is a really long word of 5000 characters:
+
+  wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww
+  EOS
+
+  # prepare 'wc.input'
+
+  def prepare_wc_input(wcbase)
+    wcinput = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'wc.input')
+    unless FileTest.exist?(wcinput)
+      data = wcbase.dup
+      13.times{
+        data << data
+      }
+      open(wcinput, 'w'){|f| f.write data}
+    end
+  end
+
+  prepare_wc_input(wc_input_base)
+
+benchmark:
+  so_count_words: |
+    # $Id: wc-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:43:32 bfulgham Exp $
+    # http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
+    # with help from Paul Brannan
+    input = open(File.join(File.dirname($0), 'wc.input'), 'rb')
+
+    nl = nw = nc = 0
+    while true
+      tmp = input.read(4096) or break
+      data = tmp << (input.gets || "")
+      nc += data.length
+      nl += data.count("\n")
+      ((data.strip! || data).tr!("\n", " ") || data).squeeze!
+      nw += data.count(" ") + 1
+    end
+    # STDERR.puts "#{nl} #{nw} #{nc}"
+
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/so_exception.rb b/benchmark/so_exception.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb205b4df1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_exception.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# -*- Ruby -*-
+# $Id: except-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:41:33 bfulgham Exp $
+# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
+
+$HI = 0
+$LO = 0
+NUM = 250000 # Integer(ARGV[0] || 1)
+
+
+class Lo_Exception < Exception
+  def initialize(num)
+    @value = num
+  end
+end
+
+class Hi_Exception < Exception
+  def initialize(num)
+    @value = num
+  end
+end
+
+def some_function(num)
+  begin
+    hi_function(num)
+  rescue
+    print "We shouldn't get here, exception is: #{$!.type}\n"
+  end
+end
+
+def hi_function(num)
+  begin
+    lo_function(num)
+  rescue Hi_Exception
+    $HI = $HI + 1
+  end
+end
+
+def lo_function(num)
+  begin
+    blowup(num)
+  rescue Lo_Exception
+    $LO = $LO + 1
+  end
+end
+
+def blowup(num)
+  if num % 2 == 0
+    raise Lo_Exception.new(num)
+  else
+    raise Hi_Exception.new(num)
+  end
+end
+
+
+i = 1
+max = NUM+1
+while i < max
+  i += 1
+  some_function(i+1)
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_fannkuch.rb b/benchmark/so_fannkuch.rb
index bac5ecd44c..bac5ecd44c 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_fannkuch.rb
+++ b/benchmark/so_fannkuch.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/so_fasta.rb b/benchmark/so_fasta.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dcc6b39507
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_fasta.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# The Computer Language Shootout
+# http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
+# Contributed by Sokolov Yura
+
+$last = 42.0
+def gen_random(max, im=139968, ia=3877, ic=29573)
+    (max * ($last = ($last * ia + ic) % im)) / im
+end
+
+alu =
+   "GGCCGGGCGCGGTGGCTCACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGG"+
+   "GAGGCCGAGGCGGGCGGATCACCTGAGGTCAGGAGTTCGAGA"+
+   "CCAGCCTGGCCAACATGGTGAAACCCCGTCTCTACTAAAAAT"+
+   "ACAAAAATTAGCCGGGCGTGGTGGCGCGCGCCTGTAATCCCA"+
+   "GCTACTCGGGAGGCTGAGGCAGGAGAATCGCTTGAACCCGGG"+
+   "AGGCGGAGGTTGCAGTGAGCCGAGATCGCGCCACTGCACTCC"+
+   "AGCCTGGGCGACAGAGCGAGACTCCGTCTCAAAAA"
+
+iub = [
+    ["a", 0.27],
+    ["c", 0.12],
+    ["g", 0.12],
+    ["t", 0.27],
+
+    ["B", 0.02],
+    ["D", 0.02],
+    ["H", 0.02],
+    ["K", 0.02],
+    ["M", 0.02],
+    ["N", 0.02],
+    ["R", 0.02],
+    ["S", 0.02],
+    ["V", 0.02],
+    ["W", 0.02],
+    ["Y", 0.02],
+]
+homosapiens = [
+    ["a", 0.3029549426680],
+    ["c", 0.1979883004921],
+    ["g", 0.1975473066391],
+    ["t", 0.3015094502008],
+]
+
+def make_repeat_fasta(id, desc, src, n)
+    puts ">#{id} #{desc}"
+    v = nil
+    width = 60
+    l = src.length
+    s = src * ((n / l) + 1)
+    s.slice!(n, l)
+    puts(s.scan(/.{1,#{width}}/).join("\n"))
+end
+
+def make_random_fasta(id, desc, table, n)
+    puts ">#{id} #{desc}"
+    rand, v = nil,nil
+    width = 60
+    chunk = 1 * width
+    prob = 0.0
+    table.each{|v| v[1]= (prob += v[1])}
+    for i in 1..(n/width)
+        puts((1..width).collect{
+            rand = gen_random(1.0)
+            table.find{|v| v[1]>rand}[0]
+        }.join)
+    end
+    if n%width != 0
+        puts((1..(n%width)).collect{
+            rand = gen_random(1.0)
+            table.find{|v| v[1]>rand}[0]
+        }.join)
+    end
+end
+
+
+n = (ARGV[0] or 250_000).to_i
+
+make_repeat_fasta('ONE', 'Homo sapiens alu', alu, n*2)
+make_random_fasta('TWO', 'IUB ambiguity codes', iub, n*3)
+make_random_fasta('THREE', 'Homo sapiens frequency', homosapiens, n*5)
+
diff --git a/benchmark/so_k_nucleotide.yml b/benchmark/so_k_nucleotide.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7df086c39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_k_nucleotide.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+prelude: |
+  bm_so_fasta = <<'EOS'
+  # The Computer Language Shootout
+  # http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
+  # Contributed by Sokolov Yura
+
+  $last = 42.0
+  def gen_random(max, im=139968, ia=3877, ic=29573)
+      (max * ($last = ($last * ia + ic) % im)) / im
+  end
+
+  alu =
+     "GGCCGGGCGCGGTGGCTCACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGG"+
+     "GAGGCCGAGGCGGGCGGATCACCTGAGGTCAGGAGTTCGAGA"+
+     "CCAGCCTGGCCAACATGGTGAAACCCCGTCTCTACTAAAAAT"+
+     "ACAAAAATTAGCCGGGCGTGGTGGCGCGCGCCTGTAATCCCA"+
+     "GCTACTCGGGAGGCTGAGGCAGGAGAATCGCTTGAACCCGGG"+
+     "AGGCGGAGGTTGCAGTGAGCCGAGATCGCGCCACTGCACTCC"+
+     "AGCCTGGGCGACAGAGCGAGACTCCGTCTCAAAAA"
+
+  iub = [
+      ["a", 0.27],
+      ["c", 0.12],
+      ["g", 0.12],
+      ["t", 0.27],
+
+      ["B", 0.02],
+      ["D", 0.02],
+      ["H", 0.02],
+      ["K", 0.02],
+      ["M", 0.02],
+      ["N", 0.02],
+      ["R", 0.02],
+      ["S", 0.02],
+      ["V", 0.02],
+      ["W", 0.02],
+      ["Y", 0.02],
+  ]
+  homosapiens = [
+      ["a", 0.3029549426680],
+      ["c", 0.1979883004921],
+      ["g", 0.1975473066391],
+      ["t", 0.3015094502008],
+  ]
+
+  def make_repeat_fasta(id, desc, src, n)
+      puts ">#{id} #{desc}"
+      v = nil
+      width = 60
+      l = src.length
+      s = src * ((n / l) + 1)
+      s.slice!(n, l)
+      puts(s.scan(/.{1,#{width}}/).join("\n"))
+  end
+
+  def make_random_fasta(id, desc, table, n)
+      puts ">#{id} #{desc}"
+      rand, v = nil,nil
+      width = 60
+      chunk = 1 * width
+      prob = 0.0
+      table.each{|v| v[1]= (prob += v[1])}
+      for i in 1..(n/width)
+          puts((1..width).collect{
+              rand = gen_random(1.0)
+              table.find{|v| v[1]>rand}[0]
+          }.join)
+      end
+      if n%width != 0
+          puts((1..(n%width)).collect{
+              rand = gen_random(1.0)
+              table.find{|v| v[1]>rand}[0]
+          }.join)
+      end
+  end
+
+
+  n = (ARGV[0] or 250_000).to_i
+
+  make_repeat_fasta('ONE', 'Homo sapiens alu', alu, n*2)
+  make_random_fasta('TWO', 'IUB ambiguity codes', iub, n*3)
+  make_random_fasta('THREE', 'Homo sapiens frequency', homosapiens, n*5)
+  EOS
+benchmark:
+  - name: so_k_nucleotide
+    prelude: |
+      script = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'bm_so_fasta.rb')
+      File.write(script, bm_so_fasta)
+
+      def prepare_fasta_output n
+        filebase = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'fasta.output')
+        script = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'bm_so_fasta.rb')
+        file = "#{filebase}.#{n}"
+
+        unless FileTest.exist?(file)
+          STDERR.puts "preparing #{file}"
+
+          open(file, 'w'){|f|
+            ARGV[0] = n
+            $stdout = f
+            load script
+            $stdout = STDOUT
+          }
+        end
+      end
+      prepare_fasta_output(100_000)
+    script: |
+      # The Computer Language Shootout
+      # http://shootout.alioth.debian.org
+      #
+      # contributed by jose fco. gonzalez
+      # modified by Sokolov Yura
+
+      seq = String.new
+
+      def frecuency( seq,length )
+          n, table = seq.length - length + 1, Hash.new(0)
+          f, i = nil, nil
+          (0 ... length).each do |f|
+              (f ... n).step(length) do |i|
+                  table[seq[i,length]] += 1
+              end
+          end
+          [n,table]
+
+      end
+
+      def sort_by_freq( seq,length )
+          n,table = frecuency( seq,length )
+          a, b, v = nil, nil, nil
+          table.sort{|a,b| b[1] <=> a[1]}.each do |v|
+              puts "%s %.3f" % [v[0].upcase,((v[1]*100).to_f/n)]
+          end
+          puts
+      end
+
+      def find_seq( seq,s )
+          n,table = frecuency( seq,s.length )
+          puts "#{table[s].to_s}\t#{s.upcase}"
+      end
+
+      input = open(File.join(File.dirname($0), 'fasta.output.100000'), 'rb')
+
+      line = input.gets while line !~ /^>THREE/
+      line = input.gets
+
+      while (line !~ /^>/) & line do
+          seq << line.chomp
+          line = input.gets
+      end
+
+      [1,2].each {|i| sort_by_freq( seq,i ) }
+
+      %w(ggt ggta ggtatt ggtattttaatt ggtattttaatttatagt).each{|s| find_seq( seq,s) }
+    loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_lists.rb b/benchmark/so_lists.rb
index e8f4a2a5f7..e8f4a2a5f7 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_lists.rb
+++ b/benchmark/so_lists.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_mandelbrot.rb b/benchmark/so_mandelbrot.rb
index 76331c64b8..76331c64b8 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_mandelbrot.rb
+++ b/benchmark/so_mandelbrot.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/so_matrix.rb b/benchmark/so_matrix.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d1e72bda9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_matrix.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# -*- Ruby -*-
+# $Id: matrix-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:42:14 bfulgham Exp $
+# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
+
+n = 60 #Integer(ARGV.shift || 1)
+
+size = 40
+
+def mkmatrix(rows, cols)
+    count = 1
+    mx = Array.new(rows)
+    (0 .. (rows - 1)).each do |bi|
+        row = Array.new(cols, 0)
+        (0 .. (cols - 1)).each do |j|
+            row[j] = count
+            count += 1
+        end
+        mx[bi] = row
+    end
+    mx
+end
+
+def mmult(rows, cols, m1, m2)
+    m3 = Array.new(rows)
+    (0 .. (rows - 1)).each do |bi|
+        row = Array.new(cols, 0)
+        (0 .. (cols - 1)).each do |j|
+            val = 0
+            (0 .. (cols - 1)).each do |k|
+                val += m1.at(bi).at(k) * m2.at(k).at(j)
+            end
+            row[j] = val
+        end
+        m3[bi] = row
+    end
+    m3
+end
+
+m1 = mkmatrix(size, size)
+m2 = mkmatrix(size, size)
+mm = Array.new
+n.times do
+    mm = mmult(size, size, m1, m2)
+end
+# puts "#{mm[0][0]} #{mm[2][3]} #{mm[3][2]} #{mm[4][4]}"
+
+
diff --git a/benchmark/so_meteor_contest.rb b/benchmark/so_meteor_contest.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c136baa6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_meteor_contest.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# The Computer Language Shootout
+#   http://shootout.alioth.debian.org
+#   contributed by Kevin Barnes (Ruby novice)
+
+# PROGRAM:  the main body is at the bottom.
+#   1) read about the problem here: http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-javaopt/
+#   2) see how I represent a board as a bitmask by reading the blank_board comments
+#   3) read as your mental paths take you
+
+def print *args
+end
+
+# class to represent all information about a particular rotation of a particular piece
+class Rotation
+  # an array (by location) containing a bit mask for how the piece maps at the given location.
+  # if the rotation is invalid at that location the mask will contain false
+  attr_reader :start_masks
+
+  # maps a direction to a relative location.  these differ depending on whether it is an even or
+  # odd row being mapped from
+  @@rotation_even_adder = { :west => -1, :east => 1, :nw => -7, :ne => -6, :sw => 5, :se => 6 }
+  @@rotation_odd_adder = { :west => -1, :east => 1, :nw => -6, :ne => -5, :sw => 6, :se => 7 }
+
+  def initialize( directions )
+    @even_offsets, @odd_offsets = normalize_offsets( get_values( directions ))
+
+    @even_mask = mask_for_offsets( @even_offsets)
+    @odd_mask = mask_for_offsets( @odd_offsets)
+
+    @start_masks = Array.new(60)
+
+    # create the rotational masks by placing the base mask at the location and seeing if
+    # 1) it overlaps the boundaries and 2) it produces a prunable board.  if either of these
+    # is true the piece cannot be placed
+    0.upto(59) do | offset |
+      mask = is_even(offset) ? (@even_mask << offset) : (@odd_mask << offset)
+      if (blank_board & mask == 0 && !prunable(blank_board | mask, 0, true)) then
+        imask = compute_required( mask, offset)
+        @start_masks[offset] = [ mask, imask, imask | mask ]
+      else
+        @start_masks[offset] = false
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def compute_required( mask, offset )
+    board = blank_board
+    0.upto(offset) { | i | board |= 1 << i }
+    board |= mask
+    return 0 if (!prunable(board | mask, offset))
+    board = flood_fill(board,58)
+    count = 0
+    imask = 0
+    0.upto(59) do | i |
+      if (board[i] == 0) then
+        imask |= (1 << i)
+        count += 1
+      end
+    end
+    (count > 0 && count < 5) ? imask : 0
+  end
+
+  def flood_fill( board, location)
+    return board if (board[location] == 1)
+    board |= 1 << location
+    row, col = location.divmod(6)
+    board = flood_fill( board, location - 1) if (col > 0)
+    board = flood_fill( board, location + 1) if (col < 4)
+    if (row % 2 == 0) then
+      board = flood_fill( board, location - 7) if (col > 0 && row > 0)
+      board = flood_fill( board, location - 6) if (row > 0)
+      board = flood_fill( board, location + 6) if (row < 9)
+      board = flood_fill( board, location + 5) if (col > 0 && row < 9)
+    else
+      board = flood_fill( board, location - 5) if (col < 4 && row > 0)
+      board = flood_fill( board, location - 6) if (row > 0)
+      board = flood_fill( board, location + 6) if (row < 9)
+      board = flood_fill( board, location + 7) if (col < 4 && row < 9)
+    end
+    board
+  end
+
+  # given a location, produces a list of relative locations covered by the piece at this rotation
+  def offsets( location)
+    if is_even( location) then
+      @even_offsets.collect { | value | value + location }
+    else
+      @odd_offsets.collect { | value | value + location }
+    end
+  end
+
+  # returns a set of offsets relative to the top-left most piece of the rotation (by even or odd rows)
+  # this is hard to explain. imagine we have this partial board:
+  #   0 0 0 0 0 x        [positions 0-5]
+  #    0 0 1 1 0 x       [positions 6-11]
+  #   0 0 1 0 0 x        [positions 12-17]
+  #    0 1 0 0 0 x       [positions 18-23]
+  #   0 1 0 0 0 x        [positions 24-29]
+  #    0 0 0 0 0 x       [positions 30-35]
+  #       ...
+  # The top-left of the piece is at position 8, the
+  # board would be passed as a set of positions (values array) containing [8,9,14,19,25] not necessarily in that
+  # sorted order.  Since that array starts on an odd row, the offsets for an odd row are: [0,1,6,11,17] obtained
+  # by subtracting 8 from everything.  Now imagine the piece shifted up and to the right so it's on an even row:
+  #   0 0 0 1 1 x        [positions 0-5]
+  #    0 0 1 0 0 x       [positions 6-11]
+  #   0 0 1 0 0 x        [positions 12-17]
+  #    0 1 0 0 0 x       [positions 18-23]
+  #   0 0 0 0 0 x        [positions 24-29]
+  #    0 0 0 0 0 x       [positions 30-35]
+  #       ...
+  # Now the positions are [3,4,8,14,19] which after subtracting the lowest value (3) gives [0,1,5,11,16] thus, the
+  # offsets for this particular piece are (in even, odd order) [0,1,5,11,16],[0,1,6,11,17] which is what
+  # this function would return
+  def normalize_offsets( values)
+    min = values.min
+    even_min = is_even(min)
+    other_min = even_min ? min + 6 : min + 7
+    other_values = values.collect do | value |
+      if is_even(value) then
+        value + 6 - other_min
+      else
+        value + 7 - other_min
+      end
+    end
+    values.collect! { | value | value - min }
+
+    if even_min then
+      [values, other_values]
+    else
+      [other_values, values]
+    end
+  end
+
+  # produce a bitmask representation of an array of offset locations
+  def mask_for_offsets( offsets )
+    mask = 0
+    offsets.each { | value | mask = mask + ( 1 << value ) }
+    mask
+  end
+
+  # finds a "safe" position that a position as described by a list of directions can be placed
+  # without falling off any edge of the board.  the values returned a location to place the first piece
+  # at so it will fit after making the described moves
+  def start_adjust( directions )
+    south = east = 0;
+    directions.each do | direction |
+      east += 1 if ( direction == :sw || direction == :nw || direction == :west )
+      south += 1 if ( direction == :nw || direction == :ne )
+    end
+    south * 6 + east
+  end
+
+  # given a set of directions places the piece (as defined by a set of directions) on the board at
+  # a location that will not take it off the edge
+  def get_values( directions )
+    start = start_adjust(directions)
+    values = [ start ]
+    directions.each do | direction |
+      if (start % 12 >= 6) then
+        start += @@rotation_odd_adder[direction]
+      else
+        start += @@rotation_even_adder[direction]
+      end
+      values += [ start ]
+    end
+
+    # some moves take you back to an existing location, we'll strip duplicates
+    values.uniq
+  end
+end
+
+# describes a piece and caches information about its rotations to as to be efficient for iteration
+# ATTRIBUTES:
+#   rotations -- all the rotations of the piece
+#   type -- a numeic "name" of the piece
+#   masks -- an array by location of all legal rotational masks (a n inner array) for that location
+#   placed -- the mask that this piece was last placed at (not a location, but the actual mask used)
+class Piece
+  attr_reader :rotations, :type, :masks
+  attr_accessor :placed
+
+  # transform hashes that change one direction into another when you either flip or rotate a set of directions
+  @@flip_converter = { :west => :west, :east => :east, :nw => :sw, :ne => :se, :sw => :nw, :se => :ne }
+  @@rotate_converter = { :west => :nw, :east => :se, :nw => :ne, :ne => :east, :sw => :west, :se => :sw }
+
+  def initialize( directions, type )
+    @type = type
+    @rotations = Array.new();
+    @map = {}
+
+    generate_rotations( directions )
+    directions.collect! { | value | @@flip_converter[value] }
+    generate_rotations( directions )
+
+    # creates the masks AND a map that returns [location, rotation] for any given mask
+    # this is used when a board is found and we want to draw it, otherwise the map is unused
+    @masks = Array.new();
+    0.upto(59) do | i |
+      even = true
+      @masks[i] = @rotations.collect do | rotation |
+        mask = rotation.start_masks[i]
+        @map[mask[0]] = [ i, rotation ] if (mask)
+        mask || nil
+      end
+      @masks[i].compact!
+    end
+  end
+
+  # rotates a set of directions through all six angles and adds a Rotation to the list for each one
+  def generate_rotations( directions )
+    6.times do
+      rotations.push( Rotation.new(directions))
+      directions.collect! { | value | @@rotate_converter[value] }
+    end
+  end
+
+  # given a board string, adds this piece to the board at whatever location/rotation
+  # important: the outbound board string is 5 wide, the normal location notation is six wide (padded)
+  def fill_string( board_string)
+    location, rotation = @map[@placed]
+    rotation.offsets(location).each do | offset |
+      row, col = offset.divmod(6)
+      board_string[ row*5 + col, 1 ] = @type.to_s
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# a blank bit board having this form:
+#
+#    0 0 0 0 0 1
+#     0 0 0 0 0 1
+#    0 0 0 0 0 1
+#     0 0 0 0 0 1
+#    0 0 0 0 0 1
+#     0 0 0 0 0 1
+#    0 0 0 0 0 1
+#     0 0 0 0 0 1
+#    0 0 0 0 0 1
+#     0 0 0 0 0 1
+#    1 1 1 1 1 1
+#
+# where left lest significant bit is the top left and the most significant is the lower right
+# the actual board only consists of the 0 places, the 1 places are blockers to keep things from running
+# off the edges or bottom
+def blank_board
+  0b111111100000100000100000100000100000100000100000100000100000100000
+end
+
+def full_board
+  0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
+end
+
+# determines if a location (bit position) is in an even row
+def is_even( location)
+  (location % 12) < 6
+end
+
+# support function that create three utility maps:
+#  $converter -- for each row an array that maps a five bit row (via array mapping)
+#                to the a five bit representation of the bits below it
+#  $bit_count -- maps a five bit row (via array mapping) to the number of 1s in the row
+#  @@new_regions -- maps a five bit row (via array mapping) to an array of "region" arrays
+#                   a region array has three values the first is a mask of bits in the region,
+#                   the second is the count of those bits and the third is identical to the first
+#                   examples:
+#                           0b10010 => [ 0b01100, 2, 0b01100 ], [ 0b00001, 1, 0b00001]
+#                           0b01010 => [ 0b10000, 1, 0b10000 ], [ 0b00100, 1, 0b00100 ], [ 0b00001, 1, 0b00001]
+#                           0b10001 => [ 0b01110, 3, 0b01110 ]
+def create_collector_support
+  odd_map = [0b11, 0b110, 0b1100, 0b11000, 0b10000]
+  even_map = [0b1, 0b11, 0b110, 0b1100, 0b11000]
+
+  all_odds = Array.new(0b100000)
+  all_evens = Array.new(0b100000)
+  bit_counts = Array.new(0b100000)
+  new_regions = Array.new(0b100000)
+  0.upto(0b11111) do | i |
+    bit_count = odd = even = 0
+    0.upto(4) do | bit |
+      if (i[bit] == 1) then
+        bit_count += 1
+        odd |= odd_map[bit]
+        even |= even_map[bit]
+      end
+    end
+    all_odds[i] = odd
+    all_evens[i] = even
+    bit_counts[i] = bit_count
+    new_regions[i] = create_regions( i)
+  end
+
+  $converter = []
+  10.times { | row | $converter.push((row % 2 == 0) ? all_evens : all_odds) }
+  $bit_counts = bit_counts
+  $regions = new_regions.collect { | set | set.collect { | value | [ value, bit_counts[value], value] } }
+end
+
+# determines if a board is punable, meaning that there is no possibility that it
+# can be filled up with pieces.  A board is prunable if there is a grouping of unfilled spaces
+# that are not a multiple of five.  The following board is an example of a prunable board:
+#    0 0 1 0 0
+#     0 1 0 0 0
+#    1 1 0 0 0
+#     0 1 0 0 0
+#    0 0 0 0 0
+#       ...
+#
+# This board is prunable because the top left corner is only 3 bits in area, no piece will ever fit it
+# parameters:
+#   board -- an initial bit board (6 bit padded rows, see blank_board for format)
+#   location -- starting location, everything above and to the left is already full
+#   slotting -- set to true only when testing initial pieces, when filling normally
+#               additional assumptions are possible
+#
+# Algorithm:
+#    The algorithm starts at the top row (as determined by location) and iterates a row at a time
+#    maintainng counts of active open areas (kept in the collector array) each collector contains
+#    three values at the start of an iteration:
+#          0: mask of bits that would be adjacent to the collector in this row
+#          1: the number of bits collected so far
+#          2: a scratch space starting as zero, but used during the computation to represent
+#             the empty bits in the new row that are adjacent (position 0)
+#  The exact procedure is described in-code
+def prunable( board, location, slotting = false)
+  collectors = []
+  # loop across the rows
+  (location / 6).to_i.upto(9) do | row_on |
+    # obtain a set of regions representing the bits of the current row.
+    regions = $regions[(board >> (row_on * 6)) & 0b11111]
+    converter = $converter[row_on]
+
+    # track the number of collectors at the start of the cycle so that
+    # we don't compute against newly created collectors, only existing collectors
+    initial_collector_count = collectors.length
+
+    # loop against the regions.  For each region of the row
+    # we will see if it connects to one or more existing collectors.
+    # if it connects to 1 collector, the bits from the region are added to the
+    # bits of the collector and the mask is placed in collector[2]
+    # If the region overlaps more than one collector then all the collectors
+    # it overlaps with are merged into the first one (the others are set to nil in the array)
+    # if NO collectors are found then the region is copied as a new collector
+    regions.each do | region |
+      collector_found = nil
+      region_mask = region[2]
+      initial_collector_count.times do | collector_num |
+        collector = collectors[collector_num]
+        if (collector) then
+          collector_mask = collector[0]
+          if (collector_mask & region_mask != 0) then
+            if (collector_found) then
+              collector_found[0] |= collector_mask
+              collector_found[1] += collector[1]
+              collector_found[2] |= collector[2]
+              collectors[collector_num] = nil
+            else
+              collector_found = collector
+              collector[1] += region[1]
+              collector[2] |= region_mask
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      if (collector_found == nil) then
+        collectors.push(Array.new(region))
+      end
+    end
+
+    # check the existing collectors, if any collector overlapped no bits in the region its [2] value will
+    # be zero.  The size of any such reaason is tested if it is not a multiple of five true is returned since
+    # the board is prunable.  if it is a multiple of five it is removed.
+    # Collector that are still active have a new adjacent value [0] set based n the matched bits
+    # and have [2] cleared out for the next cycle.
+    collectors.length.times do | collector_num |
+      collector = collectors[collector_num]
+      if (collector) then
+        if (collector[2] == 0) then
+          return true if (collector[1] % 5 != 0)
+          collectors[collector_num] = nil
+        else
+          # if a collector matches all bits in the row then we can return unprunable early for the
+          # following reasons:
+          #    1) there can be no more unavailable bits bince we fill from the top left downward
+          #    2) all previous regions have been closed or joined so only this region can fail
+          #    3) this region must be good since there can never be only 1 region that is nuot
+          #       a multiple of five
+          # this rule only applies when filling normally, so we ignore the rule if we are "slotting"
+          # in pieces to see what configurations work for them (the only other time this algorithm is used).
+          return false if (collector[2] == 0b11111 && !slotting)
+          collector[0] = converter[collector[2]]
+          collector[2] = 0
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # get rid of all the empty converters for the next round
+    collectors.compact!
+  end
+  return false if (collectors.length <= 1) # 1 collector or less and the region is fine
+  collectors.any? { | collector | (collector[1] % 5) != 0 } # more than 1 and we test them all for bad size
+end
+
+# creates a region given a row mask.  see prunable for what a "region" is
+def create_regions( value )
+  regions = []
+  cur_region = 0
+  5.times do | bit |
+    if (value[bit] == 0) then
+      cur_region |= 1 << bit
+    else
+      if (cur_region != 0 ) then
+        regions.push( cur_region)
+        cur_region = 0;
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  regions.push(cur_region) if (cur_region != 0)
+  regions
+end
+
+# find up to the counted number of solutions (or all solutions) and prints the final result
+def find_all
+  find_top( 1)
+  find_top( 0)
+  print_results
+end
+
+# show the board
+def print_results
+  print "#{@boards_found} solutions found\n\n"
+  print_full_board( @min_board)
+  print "\n"
+  print_full_board( @max_board)
+  print "\n"
+end
+
+# finds solutions.  This special version of the main function is only used for the top level
+# the reason for it is basically to force a particular ordering on how the rotations are tested for
+# the first piece.  It is called twice, first looking for placements of the odd rotations and then
+# looking for placements of the even locations.
+#
+# WHY?
+#   Since any found solution has an inverse we want to maximize finding solutions that are not already found
+#   as an inverse.  The inverse will ALWAYS be 3 one of the piece configurations that is exactly 3 rotations away
+#   (an odd number).  Checking even vs odd then produces a higher probability of finding more pieces earlier
+#   in the cycle.  We still need to keep checking all the permutations, but our probability of finding one will
+#   diminsh over time.  Since we are TOLD how many to search for this lets us exit before checking all pieces
+#   this bennifit is very great when seeking small numbers of solutions and is 0 when looking for more than the
+#   maximum number
+def find_top( rotation_skip)
+  board = blank_board
+  (@pieces.length-1).times do
+    piece = @pieces.shift
+    piece.masks[0].each do | mask, imask, cmask |
+      if ((rotation_skip += 1) % 2 == 0) then
+        piece.placed = mask
+        find( 1, 1, board | mask)
+      end
+    end
+    @pieces.push(piece)
+  end
+  piece = @pieces.shift
+  @pieces.push(piece)
+end
+
+# the normail find routine, iterates through the available pieces, checks all rotations at the current location
+# and adds any boards found.  depth is achieved via recursion.  the overall approach is described
+# here: http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-javaopt/
+# parameters:
+#  start_location -- where to start looking for place for the next piece at
+#  placed -- number of pieces placed
+#  board -- current state of the board
+#
+# see in-code comments
+def find( start_location, placed, board)
+  # find the next location to place a piece by looking for an empty bit
+  while board[start_location] == 1
+    start_location += 1
+  end
+
+  @pieces.length.times do
+    piece = @pieces.shift
+    piece.masks[start_location].each do | mask, imask, cmask |
+      if ( board & cmask == imask) then
+        piece.placed = mask
+        if (placed == 9) then
+          add_board
+        else
+          find( start_location + 1, placed + 1, board | mask)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    @pieces.push(piece)
+  end
+end
+
+# print the board
+def print_full_board( board_string)
+  10.times do | row |
+    print " " if (row % 2 == 1)
+    5.times do | col |
+      print "#{board_string[row*5 + col,1]} "
+    end
+    print "\n"
+  end
+end
+
+# when a board is found we "draw it" into a string and then flip that string, adding both to
+# the list (hash) of solutions if they are unique.
+def add_board
+  board_string = "99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"
+  @all_pieces.each {  | piece | piece.fill_string( board_string ) }
+  save( board_string)
+  save( board_string.reverse)
+end
+
+# adds a board string to the list (if new) and updates the current best/worst board
+def save( board_string)
+  if (@all_boards[board_string] == nil) then
+    @min_board = board_string if (board_string < @min_board)
+    @max_board = board_string if (board_string > @max_board)
+    @all_boards.store(board_string,true)
+    @boards_found += 1
+
+    # the exit motif is a time saver.  Ideally the function should return, but those tests
+    # take noticeable time (performance).
+    if (@boards_found == @stop_count) then
+      print_results
+      exit(0)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+
+##
+## MAIN BODY :)
+##
+create_collector_support
+@pieces = [
+  Piece.new( [ :nw, :ne, :east, :east ], 2),
+  Piece.new( [ :ne, :se, :east, :ne ], 7),
+  Piece.new( [ :ne, :east, :ne, :nw ], 1),
+  Piece.new( [ :east, :sw, :sw, :se ], 6),
+  Piece.new( [ :east, :ne, :se, :ne ], 5),
+  Piece.new( [ :east, :east, :east, :se ], 0),
+  Piece.new( [ :ne, :nw, :se, :east, :se ], 4),
+  Piece.new( [ :se, :se, :se, :west ], 9),
+  Piece.new( [ :se, :se, :east, :se ], 8),
+  Piece.new( [ :east, :east, :sw, :se ], 3)
+  ];
+
+@all_pieces = Array.new( @pieces)
+
+@min_board = "99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"
+@max_board = "00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+@stop_count = ARGV[0].to_i || 2089
+@all_boards = {}
+@boards_found = 0
+
+find_all ######## DO IT!!!
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_nbody.rb b/benchmark/so_nbody.rb
index d6c5bb9e61..d6c5bb9e61 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_nbody.rb
+++ b/benchmark/so_nbody.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/so_nested_loop.rb b/benchmark/so_nested_loop.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..766fcf7b84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_nested_loop.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# -*- Ruby -*-
+# $Id: nestedloop-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:42:22 bfulgham Exp $
+# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
+# from Avi Bryant
+
+n = 16 # Integer(ARGV.shift || 1)
+x = 0
+n.times do
+    n.times do
+        n.times do
+            n.times do
+                n.times do
+                    n.times do
+                        x += 1
+                    end
+                end
+            end
+        end
+    end
+end
+# puts x
+
+
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_nsieve.rb b/benchmark/so_nsieve.rb
index a65cc78233..a65cc78233 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_nsieve.rb
+++ b/benchmark/so_nsieve.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_nsieve_bits.rb b/benchmark/so_nsieve_bits.rb
index 6f958ee44e..6f958ee44e 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_nsieve_bits.rb
+++ b/benchmark/so_nsieve_bits.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/so_object.rb b/benchmark/so_object.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..131f44624c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_object.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# -*- Ruby -*-
+# $Id: objinst-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:42:25 bfulgham Exp $
+# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
+# with help from Aristarkh Zagorodnikov
+
+class Toggle
+    def initialize(start_state)
+        @bool = start_state
+    end
+
+    def value
+        @bool
+    end
+
+    def activate
+        @bool = !@bool
+        self
+    end
+end
+
+class NthToggle < Toggle
+    def initialize(start_state, max_counter)
+        super start_state
+        @count_max = max_counter
+        @counter = 0
+    end
+
+    def activate
+        @counter += 1
+        if @counter >= @count_max
+            @bool = !@bool
+            @counter = 0
+        end
+        self
+    end
+end
+
+n = 1500000 # (ARGV.shift || 1).to_i
+
+toggle = Toggle.new 1
+5.times do
+    toggle.activate.value ? 'true' : 'false'
+end
+n.times do
+    toggle = Toggle.new 1
+end
+
+ntoggle = NthToggle.new 1, 3
+8.times do
+    ntoggle.activate.value ? 'true' : 'false'
+end
+n.times do
+    ntoggle = NthToggle.new 1, 3
+end
+
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_partial_sums.rb b/benchmark/so_partial_sums.rb
index 630b45cb8d..630b45cb8d 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_partial_sums.rb
+++ b/benchmark/so_partial_sums.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/so_pidigits.rb b/benchmark/so_pidigits.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a537b2d1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_pidigits.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+# The Great Computer Language Shootout
+# http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
+#
+# contributed by Gabriele Renzi
+
+class PiDigitSpigot
+
+    def initialize()
+        @z = Transformation.new 1,0,0,1
+        @x = Transformation.new 0,0,0,0
+        @inverse = Transformation.new 0,0,0,0
+    end
+
+    def next!
+        @y = @z.extract(3)
+        if safe? @y
+            @z = produce(@y)
+            @y
+        else
+            @z = consume @x.next!()
+            next!()
+        end
+    end
+
+    def safe?(digit)
+        digit == @z.extract(4)
+    end
+
+    def produce(i)
+        @inverse.qrst(10,-10*i,0,1).compose(@z)
+    end
+
+    def consume(a)
+        @z.compose(a)
+    end
+end
+
+
+class Transformation
+    attr_reader :q, :r, :s, :t
+    def initialize(q, r, s, t)
+        @q,@r,@s,@t,@k = q,r,s,t,0
+    end
+
+    def next!()
+        @q = @k = @k + 1
+        @r = 4 * @k + 2
+        @s = 0
+        @t = 2 * @k + 1
+        self
+    end
+
+    def extract(j)
+        (@q * j + @r) / (@s * j + @t)
+    end
+
+    def compose(a)
+        self.class.new( @q * a.q,
+                        @q * a.r + r * a.t,
+                        @s * a.q + t * a.s,
+                        @s * a.r + t * a.t
+                    )
+    end
+
+    def qrst *args
+        initialize *args
+        self
+    end
+
+
+end
+
+
+WIDTH = 10
+n = 2_500 # Integer(ARGV[0])
+j = 0
+
+digits = PiDigitSpigot.new
+
+while n > 0
+    if n >= WIDTH
+        WIDTH.times {print digits.next!}
+        j += WIDTH
+    else
+        n.times {print digits.next!}
+        (WIDTH-n).times {print " "}
+        j += n
+    end
+    puts "\t:"+j.to_s
+    n -= WIDTH
+end
+
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_random.rb b/benchmark/so_random.rb
index a66b9e8e63..a66b9e8e63 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_random.rb
+++ b/benchmark/so_random.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/so_reverse_complement.yml b/benchmark/so_reverse_complement.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de05eedfc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_reverse_complement.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+prelude: |
+  bm_so_fasta = <<'EOS'
+  # The Computer Language Shootout
+  # http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
+  # Contributed by Sokolov Yura
+
+  $last = 42.0
+  def gen_random(max, im=139968, ia=3877, ic=29573)
+      (max * ($last = ($last * ia + ic) % im)) / im
+  end
+
+  alu =
+     "GGCCGGGCGCGGTGGCTCACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGG"+
+     "GAGGCCGAGGCGGGCGGATCACCTGAGGTCAGGAGTTCGAGA"+
+     "CCAGCCTGGCCAACATGGTGAAACCCCGTCTCTACTAAAAAT"+
+     "ACAAAAATTAGCCGGGCGTGGTGGCGCGCGCCTGTAATCCCA"+
+     "GCTACTCGGGAGGCTGAGGCAGGAGAATCGCTTGAACCCGGG"+
+     "AGGCGGAGGTTGCAGTGAGCCGAGATCGCGCCACTGCACTCC"+
+     "AGCCTGGGCGACAGAGCGAGACTCCGTCTCAAAAA"
+
+  iub = [
+      ["a", 0.27],
+      ["c", 0.12],
+      ["g", 0.12],
+      ["t", 0.27],
+
+      ["B", 0.02],
+      ["D", 0.02],
+      ["H", 0.02],
+      ["K", 0.02],
+      ["M", 0.02],
+      ["N", 0.02],
+      ["R", 0.02],
+      ["S", 0.02],
+      ["V", 0.02],
+      ["W", 0.02],
+      ["Y", 0.02],
+  ]
+  homosapiens = [
+      ["a", 0.3029549426680],
+      ["c", 0.1979883004921],
+      ["g", 0.1975473066391],
+      ["t", 0.3015094502008],
+  ]
+
+  def make_repeat_fasta(id, desc, src, n)
+      puts ">#{id} #{desc}"
+      v = nil
+      width = 60
+      l = src.length
+      s = src * ((n / l) + 1)
+      s.slice!(n, l)
+      puts(s.scan(/.{1,#{width}}/).join("\n"))
+  end
+
+  def make_random_fasta(id, desc, table, n)
+      puts ">#{id} #{desc}"
+      rand, v = nil,nil
+      width = 60
+      chunk = 1 * width
+      prob = 0.0
+      table.each{|v| v[1]= (prob += v[1])}
+      for i in 1..(n/width)
+          puts((1..width).collect{
+              rand = gen_random(1.0)
+              table.find{|v| v[1]>rand}[0]
+          }.join)
+      end
+      if n%width != 0
+          puts((1..(n%width)).collect{
+              rand = gen_random(1.0)
+              table.find{|v| v[1]>rand}[0]
+          }.join)
+      end
+  end
+
+
+  n = (ARGV[0] or 250_000).to_i
+
+  make_repeat_fasta('ONE', 'Homo sapiens alu', alu, n*2)
+  make_random_fasta('TWO', 'IUB ambiguity codes', iub, n*3)
+  make_random_fasta('THREE', 'Homo sapiens frequency', homosapiens, n*5)
+  EOS
+benchmark:
+  - name: so_reverse_complement
+    prelude: |
+      script = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'bm_so_fasta.rb')
+      File.write(script, bm_so_fasta)
+
+      def prepare_fasta_output n
+        filebase = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'fasta.output')
+        script = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'bm_so_fasta.rb')
+        file = "#{filebase}.#{n}"
+
+        unless FileTest.exist?(file)
+          STDERR.puts "preparing #{file}"
+
+          open(file, 'w'){|f|
+            ARGV[0] = n
+            $stdout = f
+            load script
+            $stdout = STDOUT
+          }
+        end
+      end
+      prepare_fasta_output(2_500_000)
+    script: |
+      # The Great Computer Language Shootout
+      # http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
+      #
+      # Contributed by Peter Bjarke Olsen
+      # Modified by Doug King
+
+      seq=Array.new
+
+      def revcomp(seq)
+        seq.reverse!.tr!('wsatugcyrkmbdhvnATUGCYRKMBDHVN','WSTAACGRYMKVHDBNTAACGRYMKVHDBN')
+        stringlen=seq.length
+        0.step(stringlen-1,60) {|x| print seq.slice(x,60) , "\n"}
+      end
+
+      input = open(File.join(File.dirname($0), 'fasta.output.2500000'), 'rb')
+
+      while input.gets
+        if $_ =~ />/
+          if seq.length != 0
+            revcomp(seq.join)
+            seq=Array.new
+          end
+          puts $_
+        else
+          $_.sub(/\n/,'')
+          seq.push $_
+        end
+      end
+      revcomp(seq.join)
+    loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_sieve.rb b/benchmark/so_sieve.rb
index 43dc302648..43dc302648 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_sieve.rb
+++ b/benchmark/so_sieve.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_spectralnorm.rb b/benchmark/so_spectralnorm.rb
index 6b97206689..6b97206689 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_spectralnorm.rb
+++ b/benchmark/so_spectralnorm.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/string_capitalize.yml b/benchmark/string_capitalize.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d23fd3d35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_capitalize.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+prelude: |
+  str1 = [*"a".."m",*"N".."Z",*"0".."9"].join("")
+  str10 = str1 * 10
+  str100 = str10 * 10
+  str1000 = str100 * 10
+benchmark:
+  capitalize-1: str1.capitalize
+  capitalize-10: str10.capitalize
+  capitalize-100: str100.capitalize
+  capitalize-1000: str1000.capitalize
diff --git a/benchmark/string_casecmp.yml b/benchmark/string_casecmp.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2354040a04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_casecmp.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+prelude: |
+  lstr1 = [*"a".."z",*"0".."9"].join("")
+  lstr10 = lstr1 * 10
+  lstr100 = lstr10 * 10
+  lstr1000 = lstr100 * 10
+  lnonascii1 = [*"\u{e0}".."\u{ff}"].join("")
+  lnonascii10 = lnonascii1 * 10
+  lnonascii100 = lnonascii10 * 10
+  lnonascii1000 = lnonascii100 * 10
+  ustr1 = [*"A".."Z",*"0".."9"].join("")
+  ustr10 = ustr1 * 10
+  ustr100 = ustr10 * 10
+  ustr1000 = ustr100 * 10
+  unonascii1 = [*"\u{c0}".."\u{df}"].join("")
+  unonascii10 = unonascii1 * 10
+  unonascii100 = unonascii10 * 10
+  unonascii1000 = unonascii100 * 10
+benchmark:
+  casecmp-1: lstr1.casecmp(ustr1)
+  casecmp-10: lstr10.casecmp(ustr10)
+  casecmp-100: lstr100.casecmp(ustr100)
+  casecmp-1000: lstr1000.casecmp(ustr1000)
+  casecmp-nonascii1: lnonascii1.casecmp(unonascii1)
+  casecmp-nonascii10: lnonascii10.casecmp(unonascii10)
+  casecmp-nonascii100: lnonascii100.casecmp(unonascii100)
+  casecmp-nonascii1000: lnonascii1000.casecmp(unonascii1000)
diff --git a/benchmark/string_casecmp_p.yml b/benchmark/string_casecmp_p.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a790ce7d55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_casecmp_p.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+prelude: |
+  lstr1 = [*"a".."z",*"0".."9"].join("")
+  lstr10 = lstr1 * 10
+  lstr100 = lstr10 * 10
+  lstr1000 = lstr100 * 10
+  lnonascii1 = [*"\u{e0}".."\u{ff}"].join("")
+  lnonascii10 = lnonascii1 * 10
+  lnonascii100 = lnonascii10 * 10
+  lnonascii1000 = lnonascii100 * 10
+  ustr1 = [*"A".."Z",*"0".."9"].join("")
+  ustr10 = ustr1 * 10
+  ustr100 = ustr10 * 10
+  ustr1000 = ustr100 * 10
+  unonascii1 = [*"\u{c0}".."\u{df}"].join("")
+  unonascii10 = unonascii1 * 10
+  unonascii100 = unonascii10 * 10
+  unonascii1000 = unonascii100 * 10
+benchmark:
+  casecmp_p-1: lstr1.casecmp?(ustr1)
+  casecmp_p-10: lstr10.casecmp?(ustr10)
+  casecmp_p-100: lstr100.casecmp?(ustr100)
+  casecmp_p-1000: lstr1000.casecmp?(ustr1000)
+  casecmp_p-nonascii1: lnonascii1.casecmp?(unonascii1)
+  casecmp_p-nonascii10: lnonascii10.casecmp?(unonascii10)
+  casecmp_p-nonascii100: lnonascii100.casecmp?(unonascii100)
+  casecmp_p-nonascii1000: lnonascii1000.casecmp?(unonascii1000)
diff --git a/benchmark/string_downcase.yml b/benchmark/string_downcase.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1fea6afbec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_downcase.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+prelude: |
+  str1 = [*"A".."Z",*"0".."9"].join("")
+  str10 = str1 * 10
+  str100 = str10 * 10
+  str1000 = str100 * 10
+  nonascii1 = [*"\u{c0}".."\u{df}"].join("")
+  nonascii10 = nonascii1 * 10
+  nonascii100 = nonascii10 * 10
+  nonascii1000 = nonascii100 * 10
+benchmark:
+  downcase-1: str1.upcase
+  downcase-10: str10.upcase
+  downcase-100: str100.upcase
+  downcase-1000: str1000.upcase
+  downcase-nonascii1: nonascii1.downcase
+  downcase-nonascii10: nonascii10.downcase
+  downcase-nonascii100: nonascii100.downcase
+  downcase-nonascii1000: nonascii1000.downcase
diff --git a/benchmark/string_index.rb b/benchmark/string_index.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7783111082
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_index.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+str1 = "あ" * 1024 + "い" # not single byte optimizable
+str2 = "い"
+100_000.times { str1.index(str2) }
diff --git a/benchmark/string_scan_re.rb b/benchmark/string_scan_re.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0d60201a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_scan_re.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+str = Array.new(1_000, 'abc').join(',')
+1_000.times { str.scan(/abc/) }
diff --git a/benchmark/string_scan_str.rb b/benchmark/string_scan_str.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..42440bd948
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_scan_str.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+str = Array.new(1_000, 'abc').join(',')
+1_000.times { str.scan('abc') }
diff --git a/benchmark/string_slice.yml b/benchmark/string_slice.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc2393c5d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_slice.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+prelude: |
+  long_string = "x"*1000+"-hår"
+benchmark:
+  regexp-short: |
+    "x-hår".slice!(/-(.)(.)(.)/, 3)
+  regexp-long: |
+    long_string.dup.slice!(/-(.)(.)(.)/, 3)
+  string-short: |
+    "x-hår".slice!("r")
+  string-long: |
+    long_string.dup.slice!("r")
diff --git a/benchmark/string_split.yml b/benchmark/string_split.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cc2c7d7855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_split.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+prelude: |
+  str1 = [*0..5].join(" ") + " "
+  str10 = str1 * 10
+  str100 = str10 * 10
+  str1000 = str100 * 10
+benchmark:
+  to_chars-1: str1.split('')
+  to_chars-10: str10.split('')
+  to_chars-100: str100.split('')
+  to_chars-1000: str1000.split('')
+  to_words-1: str1.split(' ')
+  to_words-10: str10.split(' ')
+  to_words-100: str100.split(' ')
+  to_words-1000: str1000.split(' ')
+  re_chars-1: str1.split(//)
+  re_chars-10: str10.split(//)
+  re_chars-100: str100.split(//)
+  re_chars-1000: str1000.split(//)
+  re_space-1: str1.split(/ /)
+  re_space-10: str10.split(/ /)
+  re_space-100: str100.split(/ /)
+  re_space-1000: str1000.split(/ /)
diff --git a/benchmark/string_swapcase.yml b/benchmark/string_swapcase.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eeb5928907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_swapcase.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+prelude: |
+  str1 = [*"A".."M",*"n".."z",*"0".."9"].join("")
+  str10 = str1 * 10
+  str100 = str10 * 10
+  str1000 = str100 * 10
+  nonascii1 = [*"\u{c0}".."\u{cf}",*"\u{f0}".."\u{ff}"].join("")
+  nonascii10 = nonascii1 * 10
+  nonascii100 = nonascii10 * 10
+  nonascii1000 = nonascii100 * 10
+benchmark:
+  swapcase-1: str1.swapcase
+  swapcase-10: str10.swapcase
+  swapcase-100: str100.swapcase
+  swapcase-1000: str1000.swapcase
+  swapcase-nonascii1: nonascii1.swapcase
+  swapcase-nonascii10: nonascii10.swapcase
+  swapcase-nonascii100: nonascii100.swapcase
+  swapcase-nonascii1000: nonascii1000.swapcase
diff --git a/benchmark/string_upcase.yml b/benchmark/string_upcase.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dab84bbde2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_upcase.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+prelude: |
+  str1 = [*"a".."z",*"0".."9"].join("")
+  str10 = str1 * 10
+  str100 = str10 * 10
+  str1000 = str100 * 10
+  nonascii1 = [*"\u{e0}".."\u{ff}"].join("")
+  nonascii10 = nonascii1 * 10
+  nonascii100 = nonascii10 * 10
+  nonascii1000 = nonascii100 * 10
+benchmark:
+  upcase-1: str1.upcase
+  upcase-10: str10.upcase
+  upcase-100: str100.upcase
+  upcase-1000: str1000.upcase
+  upcase-nonascii1: nonascii1.upcase
+  upcase-nonascii10: nonascii10.upcase
+  upcase-nonascii100: nonascii100.upcase
+  upcase-nonascii1000: nonascii1000.upcase
diff --git a/benchmark/time_strptime.yml b/benchmark/time_strptime.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d89ebb7a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/time_strptime.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+prelude: |
+  require 'time'
+benchmark:
+  - Time.strptime("28/Aug/2005:06:54:20 +0000", "%d/%b/%Y:%T %z")
+  - Time.strptime("1", "%s")
+  - Time.strptime("0 +0100", "%s %z")
+  - Time.strptime("0 UTC", "%s %z")
+  - Time.strptime("1.5", "%s.%N")
+  - Time.strptime("1.000000000001", "%s.%N")
+  - Time.strptime("20010203 -0200", "%Y%m%d %z")
+  - Time.strptime("20010203 UTC", "%Y%m%d %z")
+  - Time.strptime("2018-365", "%Y-%j")
+  - Time.strptime("2018-091", "%Y-%j")
diff --git a/benchmark/time_subsec.rb b/benchmark/time_subsec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..505021c701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/time_subsec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+t = Time.now
+4000000.times { t.subsec }
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_array.yml b/benchmark/vm_array.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a177237ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_array.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_array: |
+    a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_attr_ivar.yml b/benchmark/vm_attr_ivar.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75b803478e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_attr_ivar.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    attr_reader :a, :b
+    def initialize
+      @a = nil
+      @b = nil
+    end
+  end
+  obj = C.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_attr_ivar: |
+    j = obj.a
+    k = obj.b
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_attr_ivar_set.yml b/benchmark/vm_attr_ivar_set.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0d379b18a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_attr_ivar_set.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    attr_accessor :a, :b
+    def initialize
+      @a = nil
+      @b = nil
+    end
+  end
+  obj = C.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_attr_ivar_set: |
+    obj.a = 1
+    obj.b = 2
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm3_backtrace.rb b/benchmark/vm_backtrace.rb
index 0fbf73e1ca..0fbf73e1ca 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm3_backtrace.rb
+++ b/benchmark/vm_backtrace.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_bigarray.yml b/benchmark/vm_bigarray.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b2d3f3443
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_bigarray.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_bigarray: |
+    a = [
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+    ]
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_bighash.yml b/benchmark/vm_bighash.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dacfde793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_bighash.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_bighash: |
+    a = {0=>0, 1=>1, 2=>2, 3=>3, 4=>4, 5=>5, 6=>6, 7=>7, 8=>8, 9=>9, 10=>10, 11=>11, 12=>12, 13=>13, 14=>14, 15=>15, 16=>16, 17=>17, 18=>18, 19=>19, 20=>20, 21=>21, 22=>22, 23=>23, 24=>24, 25=>25, 26=>26, 27=>27, 28=>28, 29=>29, 30=>30, 31=>31, 32=>32, 33=>33, 34=>34, 35=>35, 36=>36, 37=>37, 38=>38, 39=>39, 40=>40, 41=>41, 42=>42, 43=>43, 44=>44, 45=>45, 46=>46, 47=>47, 48=>48, 49=>49, 50=>50, 51=>51, 52=>52, 53=>53, 54=>54, 55=>55, 56=>56, 57=>57, 58=>58, 59=>59, 60=>60, 61=>61, 62=>62, 63=>63, 64=>64, 65=>65, 66=>66, 67=>67, 68=>68, 69=>69, 70=>70, 71=>71, 72=>72, 73=>73, 74=>74, 75=>75, 76=>76, 77=>77, 78=>78, 79=>79, 80=>80, 81=>81, 82=>82, 83=>83, 84=>84, 85=>85, 86=>86, 87=>87, 88=>88, 89=>89, 90=>90, 91=>91, 92=>92, 93=>93, 94=>94, 95=>95, 96=>96, 97=>97, 98=>98, 99=>99, 100=>100, 101=>101, 102=>102, 103=>103, 104=>104, 105=>105, 106=>106, 107=>107, 108=>108, 109=>109, 110=>110, 111=>111, 112=>112, 113=>113, 114=>114, 115=>115, 116=>116, 117=>117, 118=>118, 119=>119, 120=>120, 121=>121, 122=>122, 123=>123, 124=>124, 125=>125, 126=>126, 127=>127, 128=>128, 129=>129, 130=>130, 131=>131, 132=>132, 133=>133, 134=>134, 135=>135, 136=>136, 137=>137, 138=>138, 139=>139, 140=>140, 141=>141, 142=>142, 143=>143, 144=>144, 145=>145, 146=>146, 147=>147, 148=>148, 149=>149, 150=>150, 151=>151, 152=>152, 153=>153, 154=>154, 155=>155, 156=>156, 157=>157, 158=>158, 159=>159, 160=>160, 161=>161, 162=>162, 163=>163, 164=>164, 165=>165, 166=>166, 167=>167, 168=>168, 169=>169, 170=>170, 171=>171, 172=>172, 173=>173, 174=>174, 175=>175, 176=>176, 177=>177, 178=>178, 179=>179, 180=>180, 181=>181, 182=>182, 183=>183, 184=>184, 185=>185, 186=>186, 187=>187, 188=>188, 189=>189, 190=>190, 191=>191, 192=>192, 193=>193, 194=>194, 195=>195, 196=>196, 197=>197, 198=>198, 199=>199, 200=>200, 201=>201, 202=>202, 203=>203, 204=>204, 205=>205, 206=>206, 207=>207, 208=>208, 209=>209, 210=>210, 211=>211, 212=>212, 213=>213, 214=>214, 215=>215, 216=>216, 217=>217, 218=>218, 219=>219, 220=>220, 221=>221, 222=>222, 223=>223, 224=>224, 225=>225, 226=>226, 227=>227, 228=>228, 229=>229, 230=>230, 231=>231, 232=>232, 233=>233, 234=>234, 235=>235, 236=>236, 237=>237, 238=>238, 239=>239, 240=>240, 241=>241, 242=>242, 243=>243, 244=>244, 245=>245, 246=>246, 247=>247, 248=>248, 249=>249, 250=>250, 251=>251, 252=>252, 253=>253, 254=>254, 255=>255, 256=>256, 257=>257, 258=>258, 259=>259, 260=>260, 261=>261, 262=>262, 263=>263, 264=>264, 265=>265, 266=>266, 267=>267, 268=>268, 269=>269, 270=>270, 271=>271, 272=>272, 273=>273, 274=>274, 275=>275, 276=>276, 277=>277, 278=>278, 279=>279, 280=>280, 281=>281, 282=>282, 283=>283, 284=>284, 285=>285, 286=>286, 287=>287, 288=>288, 289=>289, 290=>290, 291=>291, 292=>292, 293=>293, 294=>294, 295=>295, 296=>296, 297=>297, 298=>298, 299=>299, 300=>300, 301=>301, 302=>302, 303=>303, 304=>304, 305=>305, 306=>306, 307=>307, 308=>308, 309=>309, 310=>310, 311=>311, 312=>312, 313=>313, 314=>314, 315=>315, 316=>316, 317=>317, 318=>318, 319=>319, 320=>320, 321=>321, 322=>322, 323=>323, 324=>324, 325=>325, 326=>326, 327=>327, 328=>328, 329=>329, 330=>330, 331=>331, 332=>332, 333=>333, 334=>334, 335=>335, 336=>336, 337=>337, 338=>338, 339=>339, 340=>340, 341=>341, 342=>342, 343=>343, 344=>344, 345=>345, 346=>346, 347=>347, 348=>348, 349=>349, 350=>350, 351=>351, 352=>352, 353=>353, 354=>354, 355=>355, 356=>356, 357=>357, 358=>358, 359=>359, 360=>360, 361=>361, 362=>362, 363=>363, 364=>364, 365=>365, 366=>366, 367=>367, 368=>368, 369=>369, 370=>370, 371=>371, 372=>372, 373=>373, 374=>374, 375=>375, 376=>376, 377=>377, 378=>378, 379=>379, 380=>380, 381=>381, 382=>382, 383=>383, 384=>384, 385=>385, 386=>386, 387=>387, 388=>388, 389=>389, 390=>390, 391=>391, 392=>392, 393=>393, 394=>394, 395=>395, 396=>396, 397=>397, 398=>398, 399=>399, 400=>400, 401=>401, 402=>402, 403=>403, 404=>404, 405=>405, 406=>406, 407=>407, 408=>408, 409=>409, 410=>410, 411=>411, 412=>412, 413=>413, 414=>414, 415=>415, 416=>416, 417=>417, 418=>418, 419=>419, 420=>420, 421=>421, 422=>422, 423=>423, 424=>424, 425=>425, 426=>426, 427=>427, 428=>428, 429=>429, 430=>430, 431=>431, 432=>432, 433=>433, 434=>434, 435=>435, 436=>436, 437=>437, 438=>438, 439=>439, 440=>440, 441=>441, 442=>442, 443=>443, 444=>444, 445=>445, 446=>446, 447=>447, 448=>448, 449=>449, 450=>450, 451=>451, 452=>452, 453=>453, 454=>454, 455=>455, 456=>456, 457=>457, 458=>458, 459=>459, 460=>460, 461=>461, 462=>462, 463=>463, 464=>464, 465=>465, 466=>466, 467=>467, 468=>468, 469=>469, 470=>470, 471=>471, 472=>472, 473=>473, 474=>474, 475=>475, 476=>476, 477=>477, 478=>478, 479=>479, 480=>480, 481=>481, 482=>482, 483=>483, 484=>484, 485=>485, 486=>486, 487=>487, 488=>488, 489=>489, 490=>490, 491=>491, 492=>492, 493=>493, 494=>494, 495=>495, 496=>496, 497=>497, 498=>498, 499=>499, 500=>500,}
+loop_count: 60000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_block.yml b/benchmark/vm_block.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68b3e40bf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_block.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+prelude: |
+  def m
+    yield
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_block: |
+    m{
+    }
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_block_handler.yml b/benchmark/vm_block_handler.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..461d7953ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_block_handler.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# :FIXME: is there a way to benchmark block_handler_type_ifunc?
+
+prelude: |
+  p = proc{_1}
+  o = Object.new
+  def o.each
+    i = 0
+    while i < 3_000_000 do
+      yield i
+      i += 1
+    end
+  end
+
+benchmark:
+  - name: block_handler_type_iseq
+    script: |
+      o.each{_1}
+
+  - name: block_handler_type_symbol
+    script: |
+      o.each(&:itself)
+
+  - name: block_handler_type_proc
+    script: |
+      o.each(&p)
+
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_blockparam.yml b/benchmark/vm_blockparam.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e5a0170a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_blockparam.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  def m &b
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_blockparam: |
+    m{}
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_blockparam_call.yml b/benchmark/vm_blockparam_call.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a7d8d366ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_blockparam_call.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  def m &b
+    b.call
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_blockparam_call: |
+    m{}
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_blockparam_pass.yml b/benchmark/vm_blockparam_pass.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..841f5e7a63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_blockparam_pass.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+prelude: |
+  def bp_yield
+    yield
+  end
+
+  def bp_pass &b
+    bp_yield &b
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_blockparam_pass: |
+    bp_pass{}
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_blockparam_yield.yml b/benchmark/vm_blockparam_yield.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ea9b46ed2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_blockparam_yield.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  def bp_yield &b
+    yield
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_blockparam_yield: |
+    bp_yield{}
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_case.yml b/benchmark/vm_case.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b26a491a15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_case.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_case: |
+    case :foo
+    when :bar
+      raise
+    when :baz
+      raise
+    when :boo
+      raise
+    when :foo
+      # noop
+    end
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_case_lit.yml b/benchmark/vm_case_lit.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9f91801544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_case_lit.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# loop_count is not utilized since `i` is involved in the script
+benchmark:
+  vm_case_lit: |
+    i = 0
+    @ret = [ "foo", true, false, :sym, 6, nil, 0.1, 0xffffffffffffffff ]
+    def foo(i)
+      @ret[i % @ret.size]
+    end
+
+    while i<6_000_000
+      case foo(i)
+      when "foo" then :foo
+      when true then true
+      when false then false
+      when :sym then :sym
+      when 6 then :fix
+      when nil then nil
+      when 0.1 then :float
+      when 0xffffffffffffffff then :big
+      end
+      i += 1
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm3_clearmethodcache.rb b/benchmark/vm_clearmethodcache.rb
index 9661323cd2..9661323cd2 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm3_clearmethodcache.rb
+++ b/benchmark/vm_clearmethodcache.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_const.yml b/benchmark/vm_const.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6064d4eed0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_const.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  Const = 1
+benchmark:
+  vm_const: |
+    j = Const
+    k = Const
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_defined_method.yml b/benchmark/vm_defined_method.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..347e0cfd33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_defined_method.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  class Object
+    define_method(:m){}
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_defined_method: |
+    m; m; m; m; m; m; m; m;
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_dstr.yml b/benchmark/vm_dstr.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30c7a3193c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_dstr.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+prelude: |
+  x = y = 'z'
+benchmark:
+  vm_dstr: |
+    str = "foo#{x}bar#{y}baz"
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_ensure.yml b/benchmark/vm_ensure.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4ea62f30de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_ensure.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Not utilizing loop_count since using it for this is too unstable for now
+benchmark:
+  vm_ensure: |
+    i = 0
+    while i<30_000_000
+      i += 1
+      begin
+        begin
+        ensure
+        end
+      ensure
+      end
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_eval.yml b/benchmark/vm_eval.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ba1a8d1de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_eval.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_eval: |
+    eval("1")
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_fiber_allocate.yml b/benchmark/vm_fiber_allocate.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5a54e1ddf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_fiber_allocate.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  # Disable GC to see raw throughput:
+  GC.disable
+benchmark:
+  vm_fiber_allocate: |
+    fiber = Fiber.new{Fiber.yield}
+    fiber.resume
+loop_count: 100000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_fiber_count.yml b/benchmark/vm_fiber_count.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b83d3152d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_fiber_count.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# On Linux, you will need to increase the maximum number of memory maps:
+# sudo sysctl -w vm.max_map_count=200000
+prelude: |
+  fibers = []
+benchmark:
+  vm_fiber_count: |
+    fiber = Fiber.new{Fiber.yield}
+    fibers << fiber
+    fiber.resume
+loop_count: 100000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_fiber_reuse.yml b/benchmark/vm_fiber_reuse.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4ca41085b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_fiber_reuse.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+prelude: |
+  GC.disable
+  fibers = []
+benchmark:
+  vm_fiber_reuse: |
+    1024.times do
+      fiber = Fiber.new{Fiber.yield}
+      fibers << fiber
+      fiber.resume
+    end
+
+    fibers.clear
+    GC.start
+loop_count: 200
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_fiber_reuse_gc.yml b/benchmark/vm_fiber_reuse_gc.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..892622f121
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_fiber_reuse_gc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16009
+prelude: |
+  fibers = []
+benchmark:
+  vm_fiber_reuse_gc: |
+    2000.times do
+      fiber = Fiber.new{Fiber.yield}
+      fibers << fiber
+      fiber.resume
+    end
+    fibers.clear
+loop_count: 100
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_fiber_switch.yml b/benchmark/vm_fiber_switch.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3de36b66eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_fiber_switch.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+prelude: |
+  # based on benchmark for [ruby-core:65518] [Feature #10341] by Knut Franke
+  fib = Fiber.new do
+    loop { Fiber.yield }
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_fiber_switch: |
+    fib.resume
+loop_count: 20000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_float_simple.yml b/benchmark/vm_float_simple.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92f5fd52ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_float_simple.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  f = 0.0
+benchmark:
+  vm_float_simple: |
+    f += 0.1; f -= 0.1
+    f += 0.1; f -= 0.1
+    f += 0.1; f -= 0.1
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_freezestring.yml b/benchmark/vm_freezestring.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..facc9aa043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_freezestring.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+prelude: |
+  class String
+    def freeze
+      -self
+    end
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_freezestring: |
+    "tXnL1BP5T1WPXMjuFNLQtallEtRcay1t2lHtJSrlVsDgvunlbtfpr/DGdH0NGYE9".freeze
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc.rb b/benchmark/vm_gc.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e668026915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+5000.times do
+  100.times do
+    {"xxxx"=>"yyyy"}
+  end
+  GC.start
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_old_full.rb b/benchmark/vm_gc_old_full.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cfdfc8c5a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_old_full.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+old_object = Array.new(1_000_000){''}
+100.times do
+  GC.start
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_old_immediate.rb b/benchmark/vm_gc_old_immediate.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad22feb655
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_old_immediate.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+old_object = Array.new(1_000_000){''}
+30_000.times do
+  GC.start(full_mark: false, immediate_sweep: true)
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_old_lazy.rb b/benchmark/vm_gc_old_lazy.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b74d44baf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_old_lazy.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+old_object = Array.new(1_000_000){''}
+30_000.times do
+  GC.start(full_mark: false, immediate_sweep: false)
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_short_lived.yml b/benchmark/vm_gc_short_lived.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..29c803fee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_short_lived.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_gc_short_lived: |
+    a = '' # short-lived String
+    b = ''
+    c = ''
+    d = ''
+    e = ''
+    f = ''
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_short_with_complex_long.yml b/benchmark/vm_gc_short_with_complex_long.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b6c3ed7b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_short_with_complex_long.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+prelude: |
+  def nested_hash h, n
+    if n == 0
+      ''
+    else
+      10.times{
+        h[Object.new] = nested_hash(h, n-1)
+      }
+    end
+  end
+
+  long_lived = Hash.new
+  nested_hash long_lived, 6
+
+  GC.start
+  GC.start
+benchmark:
+  vm_gc_short_with_complex_long: |
+    a = '' # short-lived String
+    b = ''
+    c = ''
+    d = ''
+    e = ''
+    f = ''
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_short_with_long.yml b/benchmark/vm_gc_short_with_long.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03ba0f95a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_short_with_long.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+prelude: |
+  long_lived = Array.new(1_000_000){|i| "#{i}"}
+  GC.start
+  GC.start
+benchmark:
+  vm_gc_short_with_long: |
+    a = '' # short-lived String
+    b = ''
+    c = ''
+    d = ''
+    e = ''
+    f = ''
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_short_with_symbol.yml b/benchmark/vm_gc_short_with_symbol.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..129b8bf4ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_short_with_symbol.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+prelude: |
+  50_000.times{|i| sym = "sym#{i}".to_sym}
+  GC.start
+  GC.start
+benchmark:
+  vm_gc_short_with_symbol: |
+    a = '' # short-lived String
+    b = ''
+    c = ''
+    d = ''
+    e = ''
+    f = ''
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_ary.yml b/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_ary.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e3293e72d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_ary.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+prelude: |
+  short_lived_ary = []
+
+  if RUBY_VERSION >= "2.2.0"
+    GC.start(full_mark: false, immediate_mark: true, immediate_sweep: true)
+  end
+
+  short_lived = ''
+benchmark:
+  vm_gc_wb_ary: |
+    short_lived_ary[0] = short_lived # write barrier
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_ary_promoted.yml b/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_ary_promoted.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..003995945b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_ary_promoted.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+prelude: |
+  long_lived = []
+
+  if RUBY_VERSION > "2.2.0"
+    3.times{ GC.start(full_mark: false, immediate_mark: true, immediate_sweep: true) }
+  elsif
+    GC.start
+  end
+
+  short_lived = ''
+
+benchmark:
+  vm_gc_wb_ary_promoted: |
+    long_lived[0] = short_lived # write barrier
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_obj.yml b/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_obj.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2a2ce2d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_obj.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    attr_accessor :foo
+  end
+  short_lived_obj = C.new
+
+  if RUBY_VERSION >= "2.2.0"
+    GC.start(full_mark: false, immediate_mark: true, immediate_sweep: true)
+  end
+
+  short_lived = ''
+benchmark:
+  vm_gc_wb_obj: |
+    short_lived_obj.foo = short_lived # write barrier
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_obj_promoted.yml b/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_obj_promoted.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00a454ba72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_obj_promoted.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    attr_accessor :foo
+  end
+  long_lived = C.new
+
+  if RUBY_VERSION >= "2.2.0"
+    3.times{ GC.start(full_mark: false, immediate_mark: true, immediate_sweep: true) }
+  elsif
+    GC.start
+  end
+
+  short_lived = ''
+benchmark:
+  vm_gc_wb_obj_promoted: |
+    long_lived.foo = short_lived # write barrier
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_iclass_super.yml b/benchmark/vm_iclass_super.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..21bb7db247
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_iclass_super.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    def m
+      1
+    end
+
+    ("A".."M").each do |module_name|
+      eval <<-EOM
+          module #{module_name}
+            def m; super; end
+          end
+          prepend #{module_name}
+      EOM
+    end
+  end
+
+  obj = C.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_iclass_super: obj.m
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_ivar.yml b/benchmark/vm_ivar.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..119531d5ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_ivar.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+prelude: "@a = 1\n"
+benchmark:
+  vm_ivar: |
+    j = @a
+    k = @a
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_ivar_init.yml b/benchmark/vm_ivar_init.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6f1633907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_ivar_init.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    def initialize
+      @a = nil
+      @b = nil
+      @c = nil
+      @d = nil
+      @e = nil
+    end
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_ivar_init: |
+    C.new
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_ivar_set.yml b/benchmark/vm_ivar_set.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8bbb60043b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_ivar_set.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_ivar_set: |
+    @a = 1
+    @b = 2
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_ivar_set_subclass.yml b/benchmark/vm_ivar_set_subclass.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2653d36ded
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_ivar_set_subclass.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+prelude: |
+  class A
+    def initialize
+      @a = nil
+      @b = nil
+      @c = nil
+      @d = nil
+      @e = nil
+    end
+  end
+  class B < A; end
+  class C < A; end
+benchmark:
+  vm_ivar_init_subclass: |
+    B.new
+    C.new
+loop_count: 3000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_length.yml b/benchmark/vm_length.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5fd94e7d86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_length.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  a = 'abc'
+  b = [1, 2, 3]
+benchmark:
+  vm_length: |
+    a.length
+    b.length
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_lvar_init.yml b/benchmark/vm_lvar_init.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..70a9b1c0ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_lvar_init.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# while loop cost is not removed because `i` is used in the script
+benchmark:
+  vm_lvar_init: |
+    def m v
+      unless v
+        # unreachable code
+        v1 = v2 = v3 = v4 = v5 = v6 = v7 = v8 = v9 = v10 =
+        v11 = v12 = v13 = v14 = v15 = v16 = v17 = v18 = v19 = v20 =
+        v21 = v22 = v23 = v24 = v25 = v26 = v27 = v28 = v29 = v30 =
+        v31 = v32 = v33 = v34 = v35 = v36 = v37 = v38 = v39 = v40 =
+        v41 = v42 = v43 = v44 = v45 = v46 = v47 = v48 = v49 = v50 = 1
+      end
+    end
+
+    i = 0
+
+    while i<30_000_000
+      i += 1
+      m i
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_lvar_set.yml b/benchmark/vm_lvar_set.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f29f763d81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_lvar_set.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_lvar_set: |
+    a = b = c = d = e = f = g = h = j = k = l = m = n = o = p = q = r = 1
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_method.yml b/benchmark/vm_method.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d45e4ec572
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_method.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  def m
+    nil
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_method: |
+    m; m; m; m; m; m; m; m;
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_method_missing.yml b/benchmark/vm_method_missing.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3da456c0bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_method_missing.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    def method_missing mid
+    end
+  end
+
+  obj = C.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_method_missing: |
+    obj.m; obj.m; obj.m; obj.m; obj.m; obj.m; obj.m; obj.m;
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_method_with_block.yml b/benchmark/vm_method_with_block.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..281a481394
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_method_with_block.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  def m
+    nil
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_method_with_block: |
+    m{}; m{}; m{}; m{}; m{}; m{}; m{}; m{};
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_module_ann_const_set.yml b/benchmark/vm_module_ann_const_set.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..243229ba4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_module_ann_const_set.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_module_ann_const_set: |
+    Module.new.const_set(:X, Module.new)
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_module_const_set.yml b/benchmark/vm_module_const_set.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5a24181a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_module_const_set.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  module M
+  end
+  $VERBOSE = nil
+benchmark:
+  vm_module_const_set: |
+    M.const_set(:X, Module.new)
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_mutex.yml b/benchmark/vm_mutex.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..abcf1e28ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_mutex.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  require 'thread'
+
+  m = Thread::Mutex.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_mutex: |
+    m.synchronize{}
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_neq.yml b/benchmark/vm_neq.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fb04d15ae8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_neq.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  obj1 = Object.new
+  obj2 = Object.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_neq: |
+    obj1 != obj2
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_newlambda.yml b/benchmark/vm_newlambda.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b9787d91a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_newlambda.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_newlambda: |
+    lambda {}
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_not.yml b/benchmark/vm_not.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c68dde3c50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_not.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+prelude: |
+  obj = Object.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_not: |
+    !obj
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_poly_method.yml b/benchmark/vm_poly_method.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd2f4e71de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_poly_method.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# loop_count is not utilized since `i` is involved in the script
+benchmark:
+  vm_poly_method: |
+    class C1
+      def m
+        1
+      end
+    end
+    class C2
+      def m
+        2
+      end
+    end
+
+    o1 = C1.new
+    o2 = C2.new
+
+    i = 0
+    while i<6_000_000
+      o = (i % 2 == 0) ? o1 : o2
+      o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m
+      i += 1
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_poly_method_ov.yml b/benchmark/vm_poly_method_ov.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bca1b62729
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_poly_method_ov.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# loop_count is not utilized since `i` is involved in the script
+benchmark:
+  vm_poly_method_ov: |
+    class C1
+      def m
+        1
+      end
+    end
+    class C2
+      def m
+        2
+      end
+    end
+
+    o1 = C1.new
+    o2 = C2.new
+
+    i = 0
+    while i<6_000_000
+      o = (i % 2 == 0) ? o1 : o2
+    #  o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m
+      i += 1
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_poly_same_method.yml b/benchmark/vm_poly_same_method.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c5404ac84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_poly_same_method.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+prelude: |
+  module AR; end
+  class AR::Base
+    def create_or_update
+      nil
+    end
+    def save
+      create_or_update
+    end
+  end
+  class Foo < AR::Base; end
+  class Bar < AR::Base; end
+  o1 = Foo.new
+  o2 = Bar.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_poly_same_method: |
+    o1.save; o2.save;
+    o1.save; o2.save;
+    o1.save; o2.save;
+    o1.save; o2.save;
+    o1.save; o2.save;
+    o1.save; o2.save;
+    o1.save; o2.save;
+    o1.save; o2.save;
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_poly_singleton.yml b/benchmark/vm_poly_singleton.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c7923160fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_poly_singleton.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# loop_count is not utilized since `i` is involved in the script
+benchmark:
+  vm_poly_singleton: |
+    class C1
+      def m; 1; end
+    end
+
+    o1 = C1.new
+    o2 = C1.new
+    o2.singleton_class
+
+    i = 0
+    while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
+      o = (i % 2 == 0) ? o1 : o2
+      o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m
+      i += 1
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_proc.yml b/benchmark/vm_proc.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f8de6c272
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_proc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+prelude: |
+  def m &b
+    b
+  end
+
+  pr = m{
+    a = 1
+  }
+benchmark:
+  vm_proc: |
+    pr.call
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_raise1.yml b/benchmark/vm_raise1.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..247d9f70ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_raise1.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+prelude: |
+  def rec n
+    if n > 0
+      rec n-1
+    else
+      raise
+    end
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_raise1: |
+    begin
+      rec 1
+    rescue
+      # ignore
+    end
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_raise2.yml b/benchmark/vm_raise2.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0fa047b3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_raise2.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+prelude: |
+  def rec n
+    if n > 0
+      rec n-1
+    else
+      raise
+    end
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_raise2: |
+    begin
+      rec 10
+    rescue
+      # ignore
+    end
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_regexp.yml b/benchmark/vm_regexp.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2aa3d94dbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_regexp.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  str = 'xxxhogexxx'
+benchmark:
+  vm_regexp: |
+    /hoge/ =~ str
+  vm_regexp_invert: |
+    str =~ /hoge/
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_rescue.yml b/benchmark/vm_rescue.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b4a0af521f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_rescue.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_rescue: |
+    begin
+    rescue
+    end
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_send.yml b/benchmark/vm_send.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f31bc7ac89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_send.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    def m
+    end
+  end
+
+  o = C.new
+  m = :m
+benchmark:
+  vm_send: |
+    o.__send__ :m
+  vm_send_var: |
+    o.__send__ m
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_send_cfunc.yml b/benchmark/vm_send_cfunc.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b114ac317d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_send_cfunc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_send_cfunc: self.class
+loop_count: 100000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_simplereturn.yml b/benchmark/vm_simplereturn.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c9829cff0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_simplereturn.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  def m
+    return 1
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_simplereturn: m
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_string_literal.yml b/benchmark/vm_string_literal.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64439c7980
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_string_literal.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_string_literal: |
+    x = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_big_aref_hi.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_aref_hi.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4cf78970cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_aref_hi.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  s = Struct.new(*('a'..'z').map { |x| x.to_sym })
+  x = s.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_big_aref_hi: |
+    x.z # x[25]
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_big_aref_lo.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_aref_lo.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c91af27fa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_aref_lo.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  s = Struct.new(*('a'..'z').map { |x| x.to_sym })
+  x = s.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_big_aref_lo: |
+    x.k # x[10]
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_big_aset.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_aset.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..69550d14ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_aset.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# loop_count is not utilized since `i` is involved in the script
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_big_aset: |
+    s = Struct.new(*('a'..'z').map { |x| x.to_sym })
+    x = s.new
+    i = 0
+    while i<6_000_000
+      i += 1
+      x.k = i # x[10] = i
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_big_href_hi.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_href_hi.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09b764dd13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_href_hi.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  s = Struct.new(*('a'..'z').map { |x| x.to_sym })
+  x = s.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_big_href_hi: |
+    x[:z]
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_big_href_lo.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_href_lo.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d2f00b220f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_href_lo.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  s = Struct.new(*('a'..'z').map { |x| x.to_sym })
+  x = s.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_big_href_lo: |
+    x[:k]
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_big_hset.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_hset.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc45cbee9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_hset.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# loop_count is not utilized since `i` is involved in the script
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_big_hset: |
+    s = Struct.new(*('a'..'z').map { |x| x.to_sym })
+    x = s.new
+    i = 0
+    while i<6_000_000
+      i += 1
+      x[:k] = i
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_small_aref.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_small_aref.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a83251d1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_small_aref.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  s = Struct.new(:a, :b, :c)
+  x = s.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_small_aref: |
+    x.a
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_small_aset.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_small_aset.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74f435f126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_small_aset.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# loop_count is not utilized since `i` is involved in the script
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_small_aset: |
+    s = Struct.new(:a, :b, :c)
+    x = s.new
+    i = 0
+    while i<6_000_000
+      i += 1
+      x.a = i
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_small_href.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_small_href.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b7d7f39e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_small_href.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  s = Struct.new(:a, :b, :c)
+  x = s.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_small_href: |
+    x[:a]
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_small_hset.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_small_hset.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d43b150de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_small_hset.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  s = Struct.new(:a, :b, :c)
+  x = s.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_small_hset: |
+    x[:a] = 1
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_super.yml b/benchmark/vm_super.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d1e965c6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_super.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    def m
+      1
+    end
+  end
+
+  class CC < C
+    def m
+      super()
+    end
+  end
+
+  obj = CC.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_super: obj.m
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_swap.yml b/benchmark/vm_swap.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e824a65e0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_swap.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  a = 1
+  b = 2
+benchmark:
+  vm_swap: |
+    a, b = b, a
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_symbol_block_pass.rb b/benchmark/vm_symbol_block_pass.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d433353e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_symbol_block_pass.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+class C
+  1000.times {|i|
+    eval("def i#{i};end")
+  }
+end
+
+c = C.new
+m = C.instance_methods(false)
+5_000.times do
+  m.each do |n|
+    c.tap(&n)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_alive_check.yml b/benchmark/vm_thread_alive_check.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d21737d3e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_alive_check.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_thread_alive_check: |
+    t = Thread.new{}
+    while t.alive?
+      Thread.pass
+    end
+loop_count: 50_000
+
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_close.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_close.rb
index 3e9a265ce8..3e9a265ce8 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_close.rb
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_close.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_condvar1.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_condvar1.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf5706b23e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_condvar1.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# two threads, two mutex, two condvar ping-pong
+require 'thread'
+m1 = Mutex.new
+m2 = Mutex.new
+cv1 = ConditionVariable.new
+cv2 = ConditionVariable.new
+max = 100000
+i = 0
+wait = nil
+m2.synchronize do
+  wait = Thread.new do
+    m1.synchronize do
+      m2.synchronize { cv2.signal }
+      while (i += 1) < max
+        cv1.wait(m1)
+        cv2.signal
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  cv2.wait(m2)
+end
+m1.synchronize do
+  while i < max
+    cv1.signal
+    cv2.wait(m1)
+  end
+end
+wait.join
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_condvar2.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_condvar2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c8dc19481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_condvar2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# many threads, one mutex, many condvars
+require 'thread'
+m = Mutex.new
+cv1 = ConditionVariable.new
+cv2 = ConditionVariable.new
+max = 1000
+n = 100
+waiting = 0
+scvs = []
+waiters = n.times.map do |i|
+  start_cv = ConditionVariable.new
+  scvs << start_cv
+  start_mtx = Mutex.new
+  start_mtx.synchronize do
+    th = Thread.new(start_mtx, start_cv) do |sm, scv|
+      m.synchronize do
+        sm.synchronize { scv.signal }
+        max.times do
+          cv2.signal if (waiting += 1) == n
+          cv1.wait(m)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    start_cv.wait(start_mtx)
+    th
+  end
+end
+m.synchronize do
+  max.times do
+    cv2.wait(m) until waiting == n
+    waiting = 0
+    cv1.broadcast
+  end
+end
+waiters.each(&:join)
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_create_join.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_create_join.rb
index 393cd45df9..393cd45df9 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_create_join.rb
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_create_join.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_mutex1.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_mutex1.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..66e42c85e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_mutex1.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# one thread, one mutex (no contention)
+
+require 'thread'
+m = Thread::Mutex.new
+r = 0
+max = 2000
+lmax = max * max
+(1..1).map{
+  Thread.new{
+    i = 0
+    while i<lmax
+      i += 1
+      m.synchronize{
+        r += 1
+      }
+    end
+  }
+}.each{|e|
+  e.join
+}
+raise r.to_s if r != max * max
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_mutex2.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_mutex2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e6c804c31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_mutex2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# two threads, one mutex
+
+require 'thread'
+m = Thread::Mutex.new
+r = 0
+max = 2000
+lmax = (max * max)/2
+(1..2).map{
+  Thread.new{
+    i = 0
+    while i<lmax
+      i += 1
+      m.synchronize{
+        r += 1
+      }
+    end
+  }
+}.each{|e|
+  e.join
+}
+raise r.to_s if r != max * max
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_mutex3.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_mutex3.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c750dc542a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_mutex3.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# 1000 threads, one mutex
+
+require 'thread'
+m = Thread::Mutex.new
+r = 0
+max = 2000
+(1..max).map{
+  Thread.new{
+    i = 0
+    while i<max
+      i += 1
+      m.synchronize{
+        r += 1
+      }
+    end
+  }
+}.each{|e|
+  e.join
+}
+raise r.to_s if r != max * max
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_pass.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_pass.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..438bd08d45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_pass.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Plenty Thread.pass
+# A performance may depend on GVL implementation.
+
+tmax = (ARGV.shift || 8).to_i
+lmax = 400_000 / tmax
+
+(1..tmax).map{
+  Thread.new{
+    lmax.times{
+      Thread.pass
+    }
+  }
+}.each{|t| t.join}
+
+
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_pass_flood.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_pass_flood.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..65df8e6154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_pass_flood.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# n.b. this is a good test for GVL when pinned to a single CPU
+
+5_000.times{
+  Thread.new{loop{Thread.pass}}
+}
+
+i = 0
+while i<10_000
+  i += 1
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_pipe.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_pipe.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..112a621905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_pipe.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Measure small and plenty pipe read/write.
+# A performance may depend on GVL implementation.
+
+lmax = 100_000
+r, w = IO.pipe
+[Thread.new{
+  lmax.times{
+    w.write('a')
+  }
+  p "w:exit"
+}, Thread.new{
+  lmax.times{
+    r.read(1)
+  }
+  p "r:exit"
+}].each{|t| t.join}
+
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_queue.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_queue.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1dd3696a3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_queue.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+require 'thread'
+
+n = 10_000_000
+q = Thread::Queue.new
+consumer = Thread.new{
+  while q.pop
+    # consuming
+  end
+}
+
+producer = Thread.new{
+  n.times{
+    q.push true
+  }
+  q.push nil
+}
+
+consumer.join
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7b9af5482b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+require 'thread'
+# on producer, one consumer
+
+n = 1_000_000
+q = Thread::SizedQueue.new(100)
+consumer = Thread.new{
+  while q.pop
+    # consuming
+  end
+}
+
+producer = Thread.new{
+  while n > 0
+    q.push true
+    n -= 1
+  end
+  q.push nil
+}
+
+consumer.join
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue2.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de9f55e978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+require 'thread'
+# one producer, many consumers
+n = 1_000_000
+m = 10
+q = Thread::SizedQueue.new(100)
+consumers = m.times.map do
+  Thread.new do
+    while q.pop
+      # consuming
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+producer = Thread.new do
+  while n > 0
+    q.push true
+    n -= 1
+  end
+  m.times { q.push nil }
+end
+
+producer.join
+consumers.each(&:join)
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue3.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue3.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce5f1796d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue3.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+require 'thread'
+# many producers, one consumer
+n = 1_000_000
+m = 10
+q = Thread::SizedQueue.new(100)
+consumer = Thread.new do
+  while q.pop
+    # consuming
+  end
+end
+
+producers = m.times.map do
+  Thread.new do
+    while n > 0
+      q.push true
+      n -= 1
+    end
+  end
+end
+producers.each(&:join)
+q.push nil
+consumer.join
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue4.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue4.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9b7d80ec0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue4.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+require 'thread'
+# many producers, many consumers
+nr = 1_000_000
+n = 10
+m = 10
+q = Thread::SizedQueue.new(100)
+consumers = n.times.map do
+  Thread.new do
+    while q.pop
+      # consuming
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+producers = m.times.map do
+  Thread.new do
+    while nr > 0
+      q.push true
+      nr -= 1
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+producers.each(&:join)
+n.times { q.push nil }
+consumers.each(&:join)
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_sleep.yml b/benchmark/vm_thread_sleep.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96901d8466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_sleep.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_thread_sleep: |
+    Thread.new { sleep }
+loop_count: 10_000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_unif1.yml b/benchmark/vm_unif1.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04187bb0e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_unif1.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  def m a, b
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_unif1: |
+    m 100, 200
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_yield.yml b/benchmark/vm_yield.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..230be3d84f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_yield.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# while loop cost is not removed due to benchmark_driver.gem's limitation
+benchmark:
+  vm_yield: |
+    def m
+      i = 0
+      while i<30_000_000
+        i += 1
+        yield
+      end
+    end
+
+    m{}
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_zsuper.yml b/benchmark/vm_zsuper.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bfb5837578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_zsuper.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    def m a
+      1
+    end
+  end
+
+  class CC < C
+    def m a
+      super
+    end
+  end
+
+  obj = CC.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_zsuper: |
+    obj.m 10
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/wc.input.base b/benchmark/wc.input.base
deleted file mode 100644
index 41143fbac0..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/wc.input.base
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-Subject:      Re: Who was Izchak Miller?
-From:         "Jane D. Anonymous" <nobody@yale.edu>
-Date:         1996/04/28
-Message-Id:   <4lv7bc$oh@news.ycc.yale.edu>
-References:   <317C405E.5DFA@panix.com> <4lk6vl$gde@ns.oar.net>
-To:           75176.2330@compuserve.com
-Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
-Organization: Yale University
-X-Url:        news:4lk6vl$gde@ns.oar.net
-Mime-Version: 1.0
-Newsgroups:   rec.games.roguelike.nethack
-X-Mailer:     Mozilla 1.1N (Macintosh; I; 68K)
-
-Hello there, Izchak Miller was my father.  When I was younger I spent 
-many a night, hunched over the keyboard with a cup of tea, playing 
-nethack with him and my brother.  my dad was a philosopher with a strong 
-weakness for fantasy/sci fi.  I remember when he started to get involved 
-with the Nethack team- my brother's Dungeons and Dragons monster book 
-found a regular place beside my dad's desk. it's nice to see him living 
-on in the game he loved so much :-).  
-                                                                  Tamar Miller
-
-The following is a really long word of 5000 characters:
-
-wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww
diff --git a/bignum.c b/bignum.c
index fbf2778f9b..7c55366ecb 100644
--- a/bignum.c
+++ b/bignum.c
@@ -9,29 +9,42 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#include "internal.h"
-#include "ruby/thread.h"
-#include "ruby/util.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <float.h>
+#include <math.h>
 
 #ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
-#include <strings.h>
+# include <strings.h>
 #endif
-#include <math.h>
-#include <float.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
+
 #ifdef HAVE_IEEEFP_H
-#include <ieeefp.h>
+# include <ieeefp.h>
 #endif
-#include <assert.h>
 
 #if defined(HAVE_LIBGMP) && defined(HAVE_GMP_H)
-#define USE_GMP
-#include <gmp.h>
+# define USE_GMP
+# include <gmp.h>
 #endif
 
+#include "id.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/bignum.h"
+#include "internal/complex.h"
+#include "internal/gc.h"
+#include "internal/numeric.h"
+#include "internal/object.h"
+#include "internal/sanitizers.h"
+#include "internal/util.h"
+#include "internal/variable.h"
+#include "internal/warnings.h"
+#include "ruby/thread.h"
+#include "ruby/util.h"
+#include "ruby_assert.h"
+
 #define RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(x) RB_TYPE_P((x), T_BIGNUM)
 
-VALUE rb_cBignum;
 const char ruby_digitmap[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
 
 #ifndef SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL
@@ -62,7 +75,6 @@ STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_long_and_sizeof_bdigit, SIZEOF_BDIGIT % SIZEOF_LONG == 0);
 #else
 #   define HOST_BIGENDIAN_P 0
 #endif
-#define ALIGNOF(type) ((int)offsetof(struct { char f1; type f2; }, f2))
 /* (!LSHIFTABLE(d, n) ? 0 : (n)) is same as n but suppress a warning, C4293, by Visual Studio.  */
 #define LSHIFTABLE(d, n) ((n) < sizeof(d) * CHAR_BIT)
 #define LSHIFTX(d, n) (!LSHIFTABLE(d, n) ? 0 : ((d) << (!LSHIFTABLE(d, n) ? 0 : (n))))
@@ -98,7 +110,6 @@ STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_long_and_sizeof_bdigit, SIZEOF_BDIGIT % SIZEOF_LONG == 0);
     rb_absint_size(x, NULL))
 
 #define BIGDIVREM_EXTRA_WORDS 1
-#define roomof(n, m) ((long)(((n)+(m)-1) / (m)))
 #define bdigit_roomof(n) roomof(n, SIZEOF_BDIGIT)
 #define BARY_ARGS(ary) ary, numberof(ary)
 
@@ -111,7 +122,7 @@ STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_long_and_sizeof_bdigit, SIZEOF_BDIGIT % SIZEOF_LONG == 0);
 #define BIGNUM_SET_NEGATIVE_SIGN(b) BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(b, 0)
 #define BIGNUM_SET_POSITIVE_SIGN(b) BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(b, 1)
 
-#define bignew(len,sign) bignew_1(rb_cBignum,(len),(sign))
+#define bignew(len,sign) bignew_1(rb_cInteger,(len),(sign))
 
 #define BDIGITS_ZERO(ptr, n) do { \
   BDIGIT *bdigitz_zero_ptr = (ptr); \
@@ -137,6 +148,11 @@ STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_long_and_sizeof_bdigit, SIZEOF_BDIGIT % SIZEOF_LONG == 0);
 #define GMP_DIV_DIGITS 20
 #define GMP_BIG2STR_DIGITS 20
 #define GMP_STR2BIG_DIGITS 20
+#ifdef USE_GMP
+# define NAIVE_MUL_DIGITS GMP_MUL_DIGITS
+#else
+# define NAIVE_MUL_DIGITS KARATSUBA_MUL_DIGITS
+#endif
 
 typedef void (mulfunc_t)(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn, BDIGIT *wds, size_t wn);
 
@@ -173,7 +189,7 @@ static int nlz(BDIGIT x) { return nlz_int128((uint128_t)x) - (SIZEOF_INT128_T-SI
 #define U128(a,b,c,d) (((uint128_t)U64(a,b) << 64) | U64(c,d))
 #endif
 
-/* The following scirpt, maxpow.rb, generates the tables follows.
+/* The following script, maxpow.rb, generates the tables follows.
 
 def big(n, bits)
   ns = []
@@ -379,6 +395,7 @@ bdigitdbl2bary(BDIGIT *ds, size_t n, BDIGIT_DBL num)
 static int
 bary_cmp(const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
 {
+    size_t i;
     BARY_TRUNC(xds, xn);
     BARY_TRUNC(yds, yn);
 
@@ -387,11 +404,12 @@ bary_cmp(const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
     if (xn > yn)
         return 1;
 
-    while (xn-- && xds[xn] == yds[xn])
-        ;
-    if (xn == (size_t)-1)
+    for (i = 0; i < xn; i++)
+        if (xds[xn - i - 1] != yds[yn - i - 1])
+            break;
+    if (i == xn)
         return 0;
-    return xds[xn] < yds[xn] ? -1 : 1;
+    return xds[xn - i - 1] < yds[yn - i - 1] ? -1 : 1;
 }
 
 static BDIGIT
@@ -412,22 +430,22 @@ bary_small_lshift(BDIGIT *zds, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t n, int shift)
 static void
 bary_small_rshift(BDIGIT *zds, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t n, int shift, BDIGIT higher_bdigit)
 {
+    size_t i;
     BDIGIT_DBL num = 0;
-    BDIGIT x;
 
     assert(0 <= shift && shift < BITSPERDIG);
 
     num = BIGUP(higher_bdigit);
-    while (n--) {
-	num = (num | xds[n]) >> shift;
-        x = xds[n];
-	zds[n] = BIGLO(num);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        BDIGIT x = xds[n - i - 1];
+	num = (num | x) >> shift;
+        zds[n - i - 1] = BIGLO(num);
 	num = BIGUP(x);
     }
 }
 
 static int
-bary_zero_p(BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn)
+bary_zero_p(const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn)
 {
     if (xn == 0)
         return 1;
@@ -440,8 +458,9 @@ bary_zero_p(BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn)
 static void
 bary_neg(BDIGIT *ds, size_t n)
 {
-    while (n--)
-        ds[n] = BIGLO(~ds[n]);
+    size_t i;
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+        ds[n - i - 1] = BIGLO(~ds[n - i - 1]);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -611,8 +630,12 @@ static int
 bytes_2comp(unsigned char *buf, size_t len)
 {
     size_t i;
-    for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
-        buf[i] = ~buf[i];
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        signed char c = buf[i];
+        signed int d = ~c;
+        unsigned int e = d & 0xFF;
+        buf[i] = e;
+    }
     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
         buf[i]++;
         if (buf[i] != 0)
@@ -662,7 +685,7 @@ bary_pack(int sign, BDIGIT *ds, size_t num_bdigits, void *words, size_t numwords
                     return ((1 < de - dp || CLEAR_LOWBITS(d, 8) != 0) ? 2 : 1) * sign;
                 }
 #if defined(HAVE_UINT16_T) && 2 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
-                if (wordsize == 2 && (uintptr_t)words % ALIGNOF(uint16_t) == 0) {
+                if (wordsize == 2 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(uint16_t) == 0) {
                     uint16_t u = (uint16_t)(d = dp[0]);
                     if (need_swap) u = swap16(u);
                     *((uint16_t *)words) = u;
@@ -670,7 +693,7 @@ bary_pack(int sign, BDIGIT *ds, size_t num_bdigits, void *words, size_t numwords
                 }
 #endif
 #if defined(HAVE_UINT32_T) && 4 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
-                if (wordsize == 4 && (uintptr_t)words % ALIGNOF(uint32_t) == 0) {
+                if (wordsize == 4 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(uint32_t) == 0) {
                     uint32_t u = (uint32_t)(d = dp[0]);
                     if (need_swap) u = swap32(u);
                     *((uint32_t *)words) = u;
@@ -678,7 +701,7 @@ bary_pack(int sign, BDIGIT *ds, size_t num_bdigits, void *words, size_t numwords
                 }
 #endif
 #if defined(HAVE_UINT64_T) && 8 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
-                if (wordsize == 8 && (uintptr_t)words % ALIGNOF(uint64_t) == 0) {
+                if (wordsize == 8 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(uint64_t) == 0) {
                     uint64_t u = (uint64_t)(d = dp[0]);
                     if (need_swap) u = swap64(u);
                     *((uint64_t *)words) = u;
@@ -693,7 +716,7 @@ bary_pack(int sign, BDIGIT *ds, size_t num_bdigits, void *words, size_t numwords
                     return (1 < de - dp || FILL_LOWBITS(d, 8) != -1) ? -2 : -1;
                 }
 #if defined(HAVE_UINT16_T) && 2 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
-                if (wordsize == 2 && (uintptr_t)words % ALIGNOF(uint16_t) == 0) {
+                if (wordsize == 2 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(uint16_t) == 0) {
                     uint16_t u = (uint16_t)(d = -(BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)dp[0]);
                     if (need_swap) u = swap16(u);
                     *((uint16_t *)words) = u;
@@ -702,7 +725,7 @@ bary_pack(int sign, BDIGIT *ds, size_t num_bdigits, void *words, size_t numwords
                 }
 #endif
 #if defined(HAVE_UINT32_T) && 4 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
-                if (wordsize == 4 && (uintptr_t)words % ALIGNOF(uint32_t) == 0) {
+                if (wordsize == 4 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(uint32_t) == 0) {
                     uint32_t u = (uint32_t)(d = -(BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)dp[0]);
                     if (need_swap) u = swap32(u);
                     *((uint32_t *)words) = u;
@@ -711,7 +734,7 @@ bary_pack(int sign, BDIGIT *ds, size_t num_bdigits, void *words, size_t numwords
                 }
 #endif
 #if defined(HAVE_UINT64_T) && 8 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
-                if (wordsize == 8 && (uintptr_t)words % ALIGNOF(uint64_t) == 0) {
+                if (wordsize == 8 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(uint64_t) == 0) {
                     uint64_t u = (uint64_t)(d = -(BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)dp[0]);
                     if (need_swap) u = swap64(u);
                     *((uint64_t *)words) = u;
@@ -754,7 +777,7 @@ bary_pack(int sign, BDIGIT *ds, size_t num_bdigits, void *words, size_t numwords
         }
 #endif
         if (nails == 0 && SIZEOF_BDIGIT == sizeof(BDIGIT) &&
-            wordsize % SIZEOF_BDIGIT == 0 && (uintptr_t)words % ALIGNOF(BDIGIT) == 0) {
+            wordsize % SIZEOF_BDIGIT == 0 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(BDIGIT) == 0) {
             size_t bdigits_per_word = wordsize / SIZEOF_BDIGIT;
             size_t src_num_bdigits = de - dp;
             size_t dst_num_bdigits = numwords * bdigits_per_word;
@@ -897,8 +920,6 @@ bary_pack(int sign, BDIGIT *ds, size_t num_bdigits, void *words, size_t numwords
     }
 
     if ((flags & INTEGER_PACK_2COMP) && (sign < 0 && numwords != 0)) {
-        unsigned char *buf;
-
         int word_num_partialbits;
         size_t word_num_fullbytes;
 
@@ -1076,6 +1097,13 @@ integer_unpack_single_bdigit(BDIGIT u, size_t size, int flags, BDIGIT *dp)
     return sign;
 }
 
+#ifdef HAVE_BUILTIN___BUILTIN_ASSUME_ALIGNED
+#define reinterpret_cast(type, value) (type) \
+    __builtin_assume_aligned((value), sizeof(*(type)NULL));
+#else
+#define reinterpret_cast(type, value) (type)value
+#endif
+
 static int
 bary_unpack_internal(BDIGIT *bdigits, size_t num_bdigits, const void *words, size_t numwords, size_t wordsize, size_t nails, int flags, int nlp_bits)
 {
@@ -1096,23 +1124,24 @@ bary_unpack_internal(BDIGIT *bdigits, size_t num_bdigits, const void *words, siz
                 return integer_unpack_single_bdigit(*(uint8_t *)buf, sizeof(uint8_t), flags, dp);
             }
 #if defined(HAVE_UINT16_T) && 2 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
-            if (wordsize == 2 && (uintptr_t)words % ALIGNOF(uint16_t) == 0) {
-                uint16_t u = *(uint16_t *)buf;
+            if (wordsize == 2 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(uint16_t) == 0) {
+                uint16_t u = *reinterpret_cast(const uint16_t *, buf);
                 return integer_unpack_single_bdigit(need_swap ? swap16(u) : u, sizeof(uint16_t), flags, dp);
             }
 #endif
 #if defined(HAVE_UINT32_T) && 4 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
-            if (wordsize == 4 && (uintptr_t)words % ALIGNOF(uint32_t) == 0) {
-                uint32_t u = *(uint32_t *)buf;
+            if (wordsize == 4 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(uint32_t) == 0) {
+                uint32_t u = *reinterpret_cast(const uint32_t *, buf);
                 return integer_unpack_single_bdigit(need_swap ? swap32(u) : u, sizeof(uint32_t), flags, dp);
             }
 #endif
 #if defined(HAVE_UINT64_T) && 8 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
-            if (wordsize == 8 && (uintptr_t)words % ALIGNOF(uint64_t) == 0) {
-                uint64_t u = *(uint64_t *)buf;
+            if (wordsize == 8 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(uint64_t) == 0) {
+                uint64_t u = *reinterpret_cast(const uint64_t *, buf);
                 return integer_unpack_single_bdigit(need_swap ? swap64(u) : u, sizeof(uint64_t), flags, dp);
             }
 #endif
+#undef reinterpret_cast
         }
 #if !defined(WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
         if (nails == 0 && SIZEOF_BDIGIT == sizeof(BDIGIT) &&
@@ -1428,7 +1457,9 @@ bary_add_one(BDIGIT *ds, size_t n)
 {
     size_t i;
     for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-	ds[i] = BIGLO(ds[i]+1);
+        BDIGIT_DBL n = ds[i];
+        n += 1;
+        ds[i] = BIGLO(n);
         if (ds[i] != 0)
             return 0;
     }
@@ -1496,15 +1527,16 @@ bigdivrem_mulsub(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, BDIGIT x, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
     i = 0;
 
     do {
-        BDIGIT_DBL ee;
+        BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED ee;
         t2 += (BDIGIT_DBL)yds[i] * x;
         ee = num - BIGLO(t2);
-        num = (BDIGIT_DBL)zds[i] + ee;
+        num = (BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)zds[i] + ee;
         if (ee) zds[i] = BIGLO(num);
         num = BIGDN(num);
         t2 = BIGDN(t2);
     } while (++i < yn);
-    num += zds[i] - t2; /* borrow from high digit; don't update */
+    num -= (BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)t2;
+    num += (BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)zds[yn]; /* borrow from high digit; don't update */
     return num;
 }
 
@@ -1974,7 +2006,7 @@ bary_mul_toom3(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGI
     }
 
     /*
-     * ref. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toom%E2%80%93Cook_multiplication
+     * ref. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toom%E2%80%93Cook_multiplication
      *
      * x(b) = x0 * b^0 + x1 * b^1 + x2 * b^2
      * y(b) = y0 * b^0 + y1 * b^1 + y2 * b^2
@@ -2255,10 +2287,23 @@ rb_big_mul_toom3(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_GMP
+static inline void
+bdigits_to_mpz(mpz_t mp, const BDIGIT *digits, size_t len)
+{
+    const size_t nails = (sizeof(BDIGIT)-SIZEOF_BDIGIT)*CHAR_BIT;
+    mpz_import(mp, len, -1, sizeof(BDIGIT), 0, nails, digits);
+}
+
+static inline void
+bdigits_from_mpz(mpz_t mp, BDIGIT *digits, size_t *len)
+{
+    const size_t nails = (sizeof(BDIGIT)-SIZEOF_BDIGIT)*CHAR_BIT;
+    mpz_export(digits, len, -1, sizeof(BDIGIT), 0, nails, mp);
+}
+
 static void
 bary_mul_gmp(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
 {
-    const size_t nails = (sizeof(BDIGIT)-SIZEOF_BDIGIT)*CHAR_BIT;
     mpz_t x, y, z;
     size_t count;
 
@@ -2267,15 +2312,15 @@ bary_mul_gmp(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT
     mpz_init(x);
     mpz_init(y);
     mpz_init(z);
-    mpz_import(x, xn, -1, sizeof(BDIGIT), 0, nails, xds);
+    bdigits_to_mpz(x, xds, xn);
     if (xds == yds && xn == yn) {
         mpz_mul(z, x, x);
     }
     else {
-        mpz_import(y, yn, -1, sizeof(BDIGIT), 0, nails, yds);
+        bdigits_to_mpz(y, yds, yn);
         mpz_mul(z, x, y);
     }
-    mpz_export(zds, &count, -1, sizeof(BDIGIT), 0, nails, z);
+    bdigits_from_mpz(z, zds, &count);
     BDIGITS_ZERO(zds+count, zn-count);
     mpz_clear(x);
     mpz_clear(y);
@@ -2314,9 +2359,9 @@ bary_sparse_p(const BDIGIT *ds, size_t n)
 {
     long c = 0;
 
-    if (          ds[rb_genrand_ulong_limited(n / 2) + n / 4]) c++;
-    if (c <= 1 && ds[rb_genrand_ulong_limited(n / 2) + n / 4]) c++;
-    if (c <= 1 && ds[rb_genrand_ulong_limited(n / 2) + n / 4]) c++;
+    if (          ds[2 * n / 5]) c++;
+    if (c <= 1 && ds[    n / 2]) c++;
+    if (c <= 1 && ds[3 * n / 5]) c++;
 
     return (c <= 1) ? 1 : 0;
 }
@@ -2424,12 +2469,7 @@ bary_mul_karatsuba_branch(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn,
 {
     /* normal multiplication when x is small */
     if (xn < KARATSUBA_MUL_DIGITS) {
-      normal:
-        if (xds == yds && xn == yn)
-            bary_sq_fast(zds, zn, xds, xn);
-        else
-            bary_short_mul(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn);
-        return;
+        goto normal;
     }
 
     /* normal multiplication when x or y is a sparse bignum */
@@ -2447,6 +2487,15 @@ bary_mul_karatsuba_branch(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn,
 
     /* multiplication by karatsuba method */
     bary_mul_karatsuba(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn, wds, wn);
+    return;
+
+  normal:
+    if (xds == yds && xn == yn) {
+        bary_sq_fast(zds, zn, xds, xn);
+    }
+    else {
+        bary_short_mul(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn);
+    }
 }
 
 static void
@@ -2486,13 +2535,8 @@ bary_mul_toom3_start(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const
 static void
 bary_mul(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
 {
-#ifdef USE_GMP
-    const size_t naive_threshold = GMP_MUL_DIGITS;
-#else
-    const size_t naive_threshold = KARATSUBA_MUL_DIGITS;
-#endif
     if (xn <= yn) {
-        if (xn < naive_threshold) {
+        if (xn < NAIVE_MUL_DIGITS) {
             if (xds == yds && xn == yn)
                 bary_sq_fast(zds, zn, xds, xn);
             else
@@ -2501,7 +2545,7 @@ bary_mul(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds
         }
     }
     else {
-        if (yn < naive_threshold) {
+        if (yn < NAIVE_MUL_DIGITS) {
             bary_short_mul(zds, zn, yds, yn, xds, xn);
             return;
         }
@@ -2555,6 +2599,7 @@ bigdivrem1(void *ptr)
     return 0;
 }
 
+/* async-signal-safe */
 static void
 rb_big_stop(void *ptr)
 {
@@ -2577,10 +2622,9 @@ bigdivrem_single1(BDIGIT *qds, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, BDIGIT x_higher_bdi
         size_t i;
         BDIGIT_DBL t2;
         t2 = x_higher_bdigit;
-        i = xn;
-        while (i--) {
-            t2 = BIGUP(t2) + xds[i];
-            qds[i] = (BDIGIT)(t2 / y);
+        for (i = 0; i < xn; i++) {
+            t2 = BIGUP(t2) + xds[xn - i - 1];
+            qds[xn - i - 1] = (BDIGIT)(t2 / y);
             t2 %= y;
         }
         return (BDIGIT)t2;
@@ -2620,7 +2664,7 @@ bigdivrem_restoring(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
     if (bds.zn > 10000 || bds.yn > 10000) {
       retry:
 	bds.stop = Qfalse;
-	rb_thread_call_without_gvl(bigdivrem1, &bds, rb_big_stop, &bds);
+        rb_nogvl(bigdivrem1, &bds, rb_big_stop, &bds, RB_NOGVL_UBF_ASYNC_SAFE);
 
 	if (bds.stop == Qtrue) {
 	    /* execute trap handler, but exception was not raised. */
@@ -2731,7 +2775,6 @@ rb_big_divrem_normal(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 static void
 bary_divmod_gmp(BDIGIT *qds, size_t qn, BDIGIT *rds, size_t rn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
 {
-    const size_t nails = (sizeof(BDIGIT)-SIZEOF_BDIGIT)*CHAR_BIT;
     mpz_t x, y, q, r;
     size_t count;
 
@@ -2745,8 +2788,8 @@ bary_divmod_gmp(BDIGIT *qds, size_t qn, BDIGIT *rds, size_t rn, const BDIGIT *xd
     if (qds) mpz_init(q);
     if (rds) mpz_init(r);
 
-    mpz_import(x, xn, -1, sizeof(BDIGIT), 0, nails, xds);
-    mpz_import(y, yn, -1, sizeof(BDIGIT), 0, nails, yds);
+    bdigits_to_mpz(x, xds, xn);
+    bdigits_to_mpz(y, yds, yn);
 
     if (!rds) {
         mpz_fdiv_q(q, x, y);
@@ -2762,13 +2805,13 @@ bary_divmod_gmp(BDIGIT *qds, size_t qn, BDIGIT *rds, size_t rn, const BDIGIT *xd
     mpz_clear(y);
 
     if (qds) {
-        mpz_export(qds, &count, -1, sizeof(BDIGIT), 0, nails, q);
+        bdigits_from_mpz(q, qds, &count);
         BDIGITS_ZERO(qds+count, qn-count);
         mpz_clear(q);
     }
 
     if (rds) {
-        mpz_export(rds, &count, -1, sizeof(BDIGIT), 0, nails, r);
+        bdigits_from_mpz(r, rds, &count);
         BDIGITS_ZERO(rds+count, rn-count);
         mpz_clear(r);
     }
@@ -2867,29 +2910,8 @@ bary_divmod(BDIGIT *qds, size_t qn, BDIGIT *rds, size_t rn, const BDIGIT *xds, s
 }
 
 
-#define BIGNUM_DEBUG 0
-#if BIGNUM_DEBUG
-#define ON_DEBUG(x) do { x; } while (0)
-static void
-dump_bignum(VALUE x)
-{
-    long i;
-    printf("%c0x0", BIGNUM_SIGN(x) ? '+' : '-');
-    for (i = BIGNUM_LEN(x); i--; ) {
-        printf("_%0*"PRIxBDIGIT, SIZEOF_BDIGIT*2, BDIGITS(x)[i]);
-    }
-    printf(", len=%"PRIuSIZE, BIGNUM_LEN(x));
-    puts("");
-}
-
-static VALUE
-rb_big_dump(VALUE x)
-{
-    dump_bignum(x);
-    return x;
-}
-#else
-#define ON_DEBUG(x)
+#ifndef BIGNUM_DEBUG
+# define BIGNUM_DEBUG (0+RUBY_DEBUG)
 #endif
 
 static int
@@ -2927,7 +2949,7 @@ rb_cmpint(VALUE val, VALUE a, VALUE b)
 }
 
 #define BIGNUM_SET_LEN(b,l) \
-    ((RBASIC(b)->flags & BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG) ? \
+    (BIGNUM_EMBED_P(b) ? \
      (void)(RBASIC(b)->flags = \
 	    (RBASIC(b)->flags & ~BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK) | \
 	    ((l) << BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT)) : \
@@ -2937,19 +2959,19 @@ static void
 rb_big_realloc(VALUE big, size_t len)
 {
     BDIGIT *ds;
-    if (RBASIC(big)->flags & BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG) {
+    if (BIGNUM_EMBED_P(big)) {
 	if (BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX < len) {
 	    ds = ALLOC_N(BDIGIT, len);
 	    MEMCPY(ds, RBIGNUM(big)->as.ary, BDIGIT, BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX);
 	    RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.len = BIGNUM_LEN(big);
 	    RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.digits = ds;
-	    RBASIC(big)->flags &= ~BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG;
+            FL_UNSET_RAW(big, BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG);
 	}
     }
     else {
 	if (len <= BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
 	    ds = RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.digits;
-	    RBASIC(big)->flags |= BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG;
+            FL_SET_RAW(big, BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG);
 	    BIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, len);
             (void)VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED((void*)RBIGNUM(big)->as.ary, sizeof(RBIGNUM(big)->as.ary));
 	    if (ds) {
@@ -2979,18 +3001,19 @@ static VALUE
 bignew_1(VALUE klass, size_t len, int sign)
 {
     NEWOBJ_OF(big, struct RBignum, klass, T_BIGNUM | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_BIGNUM ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0));
-    BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(big, sign?1:0);
+    VALUE bigv = (VALUE)big;
+    BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(bigv, sign);
     if (len <= BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
-	RBASIC(big)->flags |= BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG;
-	BIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, len);
-        (void)VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED((void*)RBIGNUM(big)->as.ary, sizeof(RBIGNUM(big)->as.ary));
+        FL_SET_RAW(bigv, BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG);
+        BIGNUM_SET_LEN(bigv, len);
+        (void)VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED((void*)big->as.ary, sizeof(big->as.ary));
     }
     else {
-	RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.digits = ALLOC_N(BDIGIT, len);
-	RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.len = len;
+        big->as.heap.digits = ALLOC_N(BDIGIT, len);
+        big->as.heap.len = len;
     }
-    OBJ_FREEZE(big);
-    return (VALUE)big;
+    OBJ_FREEZE(bigv);
+    return bigv;
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -3138,7 +3161,7 @@ rb_big_norm(VALUE x)
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_uint2big(VALUE n)
+rb_uint2big(uintptr_t n)
 {
     long i;
     VALUE big = bignew(bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_VALUE), 1);
@@ -3160,7 +3183,7 @@ rb_uint2big(VALUE n)
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_int2big(SIGNED_VALUE n)
+rb_int2big(intptr_t n)
 {
     long neg = 0;
     VALUE u;
@@ -3175,20 +3198,20 @@ rb_int2big(SIGNED_VALUE n)
     }
     big = rb_uint2big(u);
     if (neg) {
-	BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(big, 0);
+	BIGNUM_SET_NEGATIVE_SIGN(big);
     }
     return big;
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_uint2inum(VALUE n)
+rb_uint2inum(uintptr_t n)
 {
     if (POSFIXABLE(n)) return LONG2FIX(n);
     return rb_uint2big(n);
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_int2inum(SIGNED_VALUE n)
+rb_int2inum(intptr_t n)
 {
     if (FIXABLE(n)) return LONG2FIX(n);
     return rb_int2big(n);
@@ -3367,7 +3390,7 @@ rb_absint_numwords(VALUE val, size_t word_numbits, size_t *nlz_bits_ret)
     size_t numbytes;
     int nlz_bits_in_msbyte;
     size_t numwords;
-    size_t nlz_bits;
+    size_t nlz_bits = 0;
 
     if (word_numbits == 0)
         return (size_t)-1;
@@ -3569,7 +3592,7 @@ rb_integer_pack(VALUE val, void *words, size_t numwords, size_t wordsize, size_t
 }
 
 /*
- * Import an integer into a buffer.
+ * Import an integer from a buffer.
  *
  * [words] buffer to import.
  * [numwords] the size of given buffer as number of words.
@@ -3686,46 +3709,78 @@ rb_integer_unpack(const void *words, size_t numwords, size_t wordsize, size_t na
 
 #define conv_digit(c) (ruby_digit36_to_number_table[(unsigned char)(c)])
 
-static void
-str2big_scan_digits(const char *s, const char *str, int base, int badcheck, size_t *num_digits_p, size_t *len_p)
+NORETURN(static inline void invalid_radix(int base));
+NORETURN(static inline void invalid_integer(VALUE s));
+
+static inline int
+valid_radix_p(int base)
+{
+    return (1 < base && base <= 36);
+}
+
+static inline void
+invalid_radix(int base)
+{
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid radix %d", base);
+}
+
+static inline void
+invalid_integer(VALUE s)
+{
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid value for Integer(): %+"PRIsVALUE, s);
+}
+
+static int
+str2big_scan_digits(const char *s, const char *str, int base, int badcheck, size_t *num_digits_p, ssize_t *len_p)
 {
     char nondigit = 0;
     size_t num_digits = 0;
     const char *digits_start = str;
     const char *digits_end = str;
+    ssize_t len = *len_p;
 
     int c;
 
-    if (badcheck && *str == '_') goto bad;
+    if (!len) {
+	*num_digits_p = 0;
+	*len_p = 0;
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    if (badcheck && *str == '_') return FALSE;
 
     while ((c = *str++) != 0) {
 	if (c == '_') {
 	    if (nondigit) {
-		if (badcheck) goto bad;
+                if (badcheck) return FALSE;
 		break;
 	    }
 	    nondigit = (char) c;
-	    continue;
 	}
-	else if ((c = conv_digit(c)) < 0) {
+	else if ((c = conv_digit(c)) < 0 || c >= base) {
 	    break;
 	}
-	if (c >= base) break;
-	nondigit = 0;
-        num_digits++;
-        digits_end = str;
+	else {
+	    nondigit = 0;
+	    num_digits++;
+	    digits_end = str;
+	}
+	if (len > 0 && !--len) break;
     }
-    if (badcheck) {
+    if (badcheck && nondigit) return FALSE;
+    if (badcheck && len) {
 	str--;
-	if (s+1 < str && str[-1] == '_') goto bad;
-	while (*str && ISSPACE(*str)) str++;
-	if (*str) {
-	  bad:
-	    rb_invalid_str(s, "Integer()");
+	while (*str && ISSPACE(*str)) {
+	    str++;
+	    if (len > 0 && !--len) break;
+	}
+	if (len && *str) {
+	    return FALSE;
 	}
     }
     *num_digits_p = num_digits;
     *len_p = digits_end - digits_start;
+    return TRUE;
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -3906,7 +3961,6 @@ str2big_gmp(
     size_t num_bdigits,
     int base)
 {
-    const size_t nails = (sizeof(BDIGIT)-SIZEOF_BDIGIT)*CHAR_BIT;
     char *buf, *p;
     const char *q;
     VALUE tmps;
@@ -3929,7 +3983,7 @@ str2big_gmp(
     zn = num_bdigits;
     z = bignew(zn, sign);
     zds = BDIGITS(z);
-    mpz_export(BDIGITS(z), &count, -1, sizeof(BDIGIT), 0, nails, mz);
+    bdigits_from_mpz(mz, BDIGITS(z), &count);
     BDIGITS_ZERO(zds+count, zn-count);
     mpz_clear(mz);
 
@@ -3940,59 +3994,114 @@ str2big_gmp(
 }
 #endif
 
+static VALUE rb_cstr_parse_inum(const char *str, ssize_t len, char **endp, int base);
+
+/*
+ * Parse +str+ as Ruby Integer, i.e., underscores, 0d and 0b prefixes.
+ *
+ * str:      pointer to the string to be parsed.
+ *	     should be NUL-terminated.
+ * base:     base of conversion, must be 2..36, or -36..0.
+ *           if +base+ > 0, the conversion is done according to the +base+
+ *           and unmatched prefix is parsed as a part of the result if
+ *           present.
+ *           if +base+ <= 0, the conversion is done according to the
+ *           prefix if present, in base <code>-base</code> if +base+ < -1,
+ *           or in base 10.
+ * badcheck: if non-zero, +ArgumentError+ is raised when +str+ is not
+ *           valid as an Integer.  if zero, Fixnum 0 is returned in
+ *           that case.
+ */
 VALUE
 rb_cstr_to_inum(const char *str, int base, int badcheck)
 {
-    const char *s = str;
+    char *end;
+    VALUE ret = rb_cstr_parse_inum(str, -1, (badcheck ? NULL : &end), base);
+    if (NIL_P(ret)) {
+	if (badcheck) rb_invalid_str(str, "Integer()");
+	ret = INT2FIX(0);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse +str+ as Ruby Integer, i.e., underscores, 0d and 0b prefixes.
+ *
+ * str:  pointer to the string to be parsed.
+ *       should be NUL-terminated if +len+ is negative.
+ * len:  length of +str+ if >= 0.  if +len+ is negative, +str+ should
+ *       be NUL-terminated.
+ * endp: if non-NULL, the address after parsed part is stored.  if
+ *       NULL, Qnil is returned when +str+ is not valid as an Integer.
+ * ndigits: if non-NULL, the number of parsed digits is stored.
+ * base: see +rb_cstr_to_inum+
+ * flags: bitwise OR of below flags:
+ *       RB_INT_PARSE_SIGN: allow preceding spaces and +/- sign
+ *       RB_INT_PARSE_UNDERSCORE: allow an underscore between digits
+ *       RB_INT_PARSE_PREFIX: allow preceding prefix
+ */
+
+VALUE
+rb_int_parse_cstr(const char *str, ssize_t len, char **endp, size_t *ndigits,
+		  int base, int flags)
+{
+    const char *const s = str;
     char sign = 1;
     int c;
-    VALUE z;
+    VALUE z = Qnil;
 
-    int bits_per_digit;
+    unsigned long val;
+    int ov;
 
     const char *digits_start, *digits_end;
-    size_t num_digits;
+    size_t num_digits = 0;
     size_t num_bdigits;
-    size_t len;
+    const ssize_t len0 = len;
+    const int badcheck = !endp;
+
+#define ADV(n) do {\
+	if (len > 0 && len <= (n)) goto bad; \
+	str += (n); \
+	len -= (n); \
+    } while (0)
+#define ASSERT_LEN() do {\
+	assert(len != 0); \
+	if (len0 >= 0) assert(s + len0 == str + len); \
+    } while (0)
 
     if (!str) {
-	if (badcheck) {
-          bad:
-            rb_invalid_str(s, "Integer()");
-        }
-	return INT2FIX(0);
+        goto bad;
     }
-    while (ISSPACE(*str)) str++;
+    if (len && (flags & RB_INT_PARSE_SIGN)) {
+	while (ISSPACE(*str)) ADV(1);
 
-    if (str[0] == '+') {
-	str++;
-    }
-    else if (str[0] == '-') {
-	str++;
-	sign = 0;
-    }
-    if (str[0] == '+' || str[0] == '-') {
-	if (badcheck) goto bad;
-	return INT2FIX(0);
+	if (str[0] == '+') {
+	    ADV(1);
+	}
+	else if (str[0] == '-') {
+	    ADV(1);
+	    sign = 0;
+	}
+	ASSERT_LEN();
     }
     if (base <= 0) {
-	if (str[0] == '0') {
+	if (str[0] == '0' && len > 1) {
 	    switch (str[1]) {
 	      case 'x': case 'X':
 		base = 16;
-                str += 2;
+		ADV(2);
 		break;
 	      case 'b': case 'B':
 		base = 2;
-                str += 2;
+		ADV(2);
 		break;
 	      case 'o': case 'O':
 		base = 8;
-                str += 2;
+		ADV(2);
 		break;
 	      case 'd': case 'D':
 		base = 10;
-                str += 2;
+		ADV(2);
 		break;
 	      default:
 		base = 8;
@@ -4005,59 +4114,75 @@ rb_cstr_to_inum(const char *str, int base, int badcheck)
 	    base = 10;
 	}
     }
+    else if (len == 1 || !(flags & RB_INT_PARSE_PREFIX)) {
+	/* no prefix */
+    }
     else if (base == 2) {
 	if (str[0] == '0' && (str[1] == 'b'||str[1] == 'B')) {
-	    str += 2;
+	    ADV(2);
 	}
     }
     else if (base == 8) {
 	if (str[0] == '0' && (str[1] == 'o'||str[1] == 'O')) {
-	    str += 2;
+	    ADV(2);
 	}
     }
     else if (base == 10) {
 	if (str[0] == '0' && (str[1] == 'd'||str[1] == 'D')) {
-	    str += 2;
+	    ADV(2);
 	}
     }
     else if (base == 16) {
 	if (str[0] == '0' && (str[1] == 'x'||str[1] == 'X')) {
-	    str += 2;
+	    ADV(2);
 	}
     }
-    if (base < 2 || 36 < base) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid radix %d", base);
+    if (!valid_radix_p(base)) {
+        invalid_radix(base);
     }
-    if (*str == '0') {		/* squeeze preceding 0s */
+    if (!len) goto bad;
+    num_digits = str - s;
+    if (*str == '0' && len != 1) { /* squeeze preceding 0s */
 	int us = 0;
-	while ((c = *++str) == '0' || c == '_') {
+	const char *end = len < 0 ? NULL : str + len;
+	++num_digits;
+	while ((c = *++str) == '0' ||
+	       ((flags & RB_INT_PARSE_UNDERSCORE) && c == '_')) {
 	    if (c == '_') {
 		if (++us >= 2)
 		    break;
 	    }
 	    else {
+		++num_digits;
 		us = 0;
 	    }
+	    if (str == end) break;
 	}
-	if (!(c = *str) || ISSPACE(c)) --str;
+	if (!c || ISSPACE(c)) --str;
+	if (end) len = end - str;
+	ASSERT_LEN();
     }
     c = *str;
     c = conv_digit(c);
     if (c < 0 || c >= base) {
-	if (badcheck) goto bad;
-	return INT2FIX(0);
-    }
-
-    bits_per_digit = bit_length(base-1);
-    if (bits_per_digit * strlen(str) <= sizeof(long) * CHAR_BIT) {
-        char *end;
-	unsigned long val = STRTOUL(str, &end, base);
-
-	if (str < end && *end == '_') goto bigparse;
+	if (!badcheck && num_digits) z = INT2FIX(0);
+	goto bad;
+    }
+
+    if (ndigits) *ndigits = num_digits;
+    val = ruby_scan_digits(str, len, base, &num_digits, &ov);
+    if (!ov) {
+	const char *end = &str[num_digits];
+	if (num_digits > 0 && *end == '_' && (flags & RB_INT_PARSE_UNDERSCORE))
+	    goto bigparse;
+	if (endp) *endp = (char *)end;
+	if (ndigits) *ndigits += num_digits;
 	if (badcheck) {
-	    if (end == str) goto bad; /* no number */
-	    while (*end && ISSPACE(*end)) end++;
-	    if (*end) goto bad;	      /* trailing garbage */
+	    if (num_digits == 0) return Qnil; /* no number */
+	    while (len < 0 ? *end : end < str + len) {
+		if (!ISSPACE(*end)) return Qnil; /* trailing garbage */
+		end++;
+	    }
 	}
 
 	if (POSFIXABLE(val)) {
@@ -4076,12 +4201,15 @@ rb_cstr_to_inum(const char *str, int base, int badcheck)
 
   bigparse:
     digits_start = str;
-    str2big_scan_digits(s, str, base, badcheck, &num_digits, &len);
+    if (!str2big_scan_digits(s, str, base, badcheck, &num_digits, &len))
+	goto bad;
+    if (endp) *endp = (char *)(str + len);
+    if (ndigits) *ndigits += num_digits;
     digits_end = digits_start + len;
 
     if (POW2_P(base)) {
         z = str2big_poweroftwo(sign, digits_start, digits_end, num_digits,
-                bits_per_digit);
+			       bit_length(base-1));
     }
     else {
         int digits_per_bdigits_dbl;
@@ -4106,63 +4234,74 @@ rb_cstr_to_inum(const char *str, int base, int badcheck)
     }
 
     return bignorm(z);
+
+  bad:
+    if (endp) *endp = (char *)str;
+    if (ndigits) *ndigits = num_digits;
+    return z;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_cstr_parse_inum(const char *str, ssize_t len, char **endp, int base)
+{
+    return rb_int_parse_cstr(str, len, endp, NULL, base,
+			     RB_INT_PARSE_DEFAULT);
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_str_to_inum(VALUE str, int base, int badcheck)
+rb_str_convert_to_inum(VALUE str, int base, int badcheck, int raise_exception)
 {
-    char *s;
-    long len;
-    VALUE v = 0;
     VALUE ret;
+    const char *s;
+    long len;
+    char *end;
 
     StringValue(str);
     rb_must_asciicompat(str);
-    if (badcheck) {
-	s = StringValueCStr(str);
-    }
-    else {
-	s = RSTRING_PTR(str);
-    }
-    if (s) {
-	len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
-	if (s[len]) {		/* no sentinel somehow */
-	    char *p = ALLOCV(v, len+1);
-
-	    MEMCPY(p, s, char, len);
-	    p[len] = '\0';
-	    s = p;
-	}
+    RSTRING_GETMEM(str, s, len);
+    ret = rb_cstr_parse_inum(s, len, (badcheck ? NULL : &end), base);
+    if (NIL_P(ret)) {
+        if (badcheck) {
+            if (!raise_exception) return Qnil;
+            invalid_integer(str);
+        }
+        ret = INT2FIX(0);
     }
-    ret = rb_cstr_to_inum(s, base, badcheck);
-    if (v)
-	ALLOCV_END(v);
     return ret;
 }
 
 VALUE
+rb_str_to_inum(VALUE str, int base, int badcheck)
+{
+    return rb_str_convert_to_inum(str, base, badcheck, TRUE);
+}
+
+VALUE
 rb_str2big_poweroftwo(VALUE arg, int base, int badcheck)
 {
     int positive_p = 1;
     const char *s, *str;
     const char *digits_start, *digits_end;
     size_t num_digits;
-    size_t len;
+    ssize_t len;
     VALUE z;
 
-    if (base < 2 || 36 < base || !POW2_P(base)) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid radix %d", base);
+    if (!valid_radix_p(base) || !POW2_P(base)) {
+        invalid_radix(base);
     }
 
     rb_must_asciicompat(arg);
     s = str = StringValueCStr(arg);
+    len = RSTRING_LEN(arg);
     if (*str == '-') {
+	len--;
         str++;
         positive_p = 0;
     }
 
     digits_start = str;
-    str2big_scan_digits(s, str, base, badcheck, &num_digits, &len);
+    if (!str2big_scan_digits(s, str, base, badcheck, &num_digits, &len))
+	invalid_integer(arg);
     digits_end = digits_start + len;
 
     z = str2big_poweroftwo(positive_p, digits_start, digits_end, num_digits,
@@ -4180,25 +4319,28 @@ rb_str2big_normal(VALUE arg, int base, int badcheck)
     const char *s, *str;
     const char *digits_start, *digits_end;
     size_t num_digits;
-    size_t len;
+    ssize_t len;
     VALUE z;
 
     int digits_per_bdigits_dbl;
     size_t num_bdigits;
 
-    if (base < 2 || 36 < base) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid radix %d", base);
+    if (!valid_radix_p(base)) {
+        invalid_radix(base);
     }
 
     rb_must_asciicompat(arg);
-    s = str = StringValueCStr(arg);
-    if (*str == '-') {
+    s = str = StringValuePtr(arg);
+    len = RSTRING_LEN(arg);
+    if (len > 0 && *str == '-') {
+	len--;
         str++;
         positive_p = 0;
     }
 
     digits_start = str;
-    str2big_scan_digits(s, str, base, badcheck, &num_digits, &len);
+    if (!str2big_scan_digits(s, str, base, badcheck, &num_digits, &len))
+	invalid_integer(arg);
     digits_end = digits_start + len;
 
     maxpow_in_bdigit_dbl(base, &digits_per_bdigits_dbl);
@@ -4219,25 +4361,28 @@ rb_str2big_karatsuba(VALUE arg, int base, int badcheck)
     const char *s, *str;
     const char *digits_start, *digits_end;
     size_t num_digits;
-    size_t len;
+    ssize_t len;
     VALUE z;
 
     int digits_per_bdigits_dbl;
     size_t num_bdigits;
 
-    if (base < 2 || 36 < base) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid radix %d", base);
+    if (!valid_radix_p(base)) {
+        invalid_radix(base);
     }
 
     rb_must_asciicompat(arg);
-    s = str = StringValueCStr(arg);
-    if (*str == '-') {
+    s = str = StringValuePtr(arg);
+    len = RSTRING_LEN(arg);
+    if (len > 0 && *str == '-') {
+	len--;
         str++;
         positive_p = 0;
     }
 
     digits_start = str;
-    str2big_scan_digits(s, str, base, badcheck, &num_digits, &len);
+    if (!str2big_scan_digits(s, str, base, badcheck, &num_digits, &len))
+	invalid_integer(arg);
     digits_end = digits_start + len;
 
     maxpow_in_bdigit_dbl(base, &digits_per_bdigits_dbl);
@@ -4259,25 +4404,28 @@ rb_str2big_gmp(VALUE arg, int base, int badcheck)
     const char *s, *str;
     const char *digits_start, *digits_end;
     size_t num_digits;
-    size_t len;
+    ssize_t len;
     VALUE z;
 
     int digits_per_bdigits_dbl;
     size_t num_bdigits;
 
-    if (base < 2 || 36 < base) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid radix %d", base);
+    if (!valid_radix_p(base)) {
+        invalid_radix(base);
     }
 
     rb_must_asciicompat(arg);
-    s = str = StringValueCStr(arg);
-    if (*str == '-') {
+    s = str = StringValuePtr(arg);
+    len = RSTRING_LEN(arg);
+    if (len > 0 && *str == '-') {
+	len--;
         str++;
         positive_p = 0;
     }
 
     digits_start = str;
-    str2big_scan_digits(s, str, base, badcheck, &num_digits, &len);
+    if (!str2big_scan_digits(s, str, base, badcheck, &num_digits, &len))
+	invalid_integer(arg);
     digits_end = digits_start + len;
 
     maxpow_in_bdigit_dbl(base, &digits_per_bdigits_dbl);
@@ -4331,7 +4479,7 @@ rb_ll2big(LONG_LONG n)
     }
     big = rb_ull2big(u);
     if (neg) {
-	BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(big, 0);
+	BIGNUM_SET_NEGATIVE_SIGN(big);
     }
     return big;
 }
@@ -4352,6 +4500,46 @@ rb_ll2inum(LONG_LONG n)
 
 #endif  /* HAVE_LONG_LONG */
 
+#ifdef HAVE_INT128_T
+static VALUE
+rb_uint128t2big(uint128_t n)
+{
+    long i;
+    VALUE big = bignew(bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_INT128_T), 1);
+    BDIGIT *digits = BDIGITS(big);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_INT128_T); i++) {
+	digits[i] = BIGLO(RSHIFT(n ,BITSPERDIG*i));
+    }
+
+    i = bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_INT128_T);
+    while (i-- && !digits[i]) ;
+    BIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, i+1);
+    return big;
+}
+
+MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED VALUE
+rb_int128t2big(int128_t n)
+{
+    int neg = 0;
+    uint128_t u;
+    VALUE big;
+
+    if (n < 0) {
+        u = 1 + (uint128_t)(-(n + 1)); /* u = -n avoiding overflow */
+	neg = 1;
+    }
+    else {
+        u = n;
+    }
+    big = rb_uint128t2big(u);
+    if (neg) {
+	BIGNUM_SET_NEGATIVE_SIGN(big);
+    }
+    return big;
+}
+#endif
+
 VALUE
 rb_cstr2inum(const char *str, int base)
 {
@@ -4470,12 +4658,6 @@ static size_t base36_numdigits_cache[35][MAX_BASE36_POWER_TABLE_ENTRIES];
 static void
 power_cache_init(void)
 {
-    int i, j;
-    for (i = 0; i < 35; ++i) {
-	for (j = 0; j < MAX_BASE36_POWER_TABLE_ENTRIES; ++j) {
-	    base36_power_cache[i][j] = Qnil;
-	}
-    }
 }
 
 static inline VALUE
@@ -4498,8 +4680,8 @@ power_cache_get_power(int base, int power_level, size_t *numdigits_ret)
     if (MAX_BASE36_POWER_TABLE_ENTRIES <= power_level)
         rb_bug("too big power number requested: maxpow_in_bdigit_dbl(%d)**(2**%d)", base, power_level);
 
-    if (NIL_P(base36_power_cache[base - 2][power_level])) {
-        VALUE power;
+    VALUE power = base36_power_cache[base - 2][power_level];
+    if (!power) {
         size_t numdigits;
         if (power_level == 0) {
             int numdigits0;
@@ -4519,7 +4701,7 @@ power_cache_get_power(int base, int power_level, size_t *numdigits_ret)
     }
     if (numdigits_ret)
         *numdigits_ret = base36_numdigits_cache[base - 2][power_level];
-    return base36_power_cache[base - 2][power_level];
+    return power;
 }
 
 struct big2str_struct {
@@ -4560,8 +4742,9 @@ big2str_2bdigits(struct big2str_struct *b2s, BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, size_t tail
         p = buf;
         j = sizeof(buf);
         do {
-            p[--j] = ruby_digitmap[num % b2s->base];
+            BDIGIT_DBL idx = num % b2s->base;
             num /= b2s->base;
+            p[--j] = ruby_digitmap[idx];
         } while (num);
         len = sizeof(buf) - j;
         big2str_alloc(b2s, len + taillen);
@@ -4571,8 +4754,9 @@ big2str_2bdigits(struct big2str_struct *b2s, BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, size_t tail
         p = b2s->ptr;
         j = b2s->hbase2_numdigits;
         do {
-            p[--j] = ruby_digitmap[num % b2s->base];
+            BDIGIT_DBL idx = num % b2s->base;
             num /= b2s->base;
+            p[--j] = ruby_digitmap[idx];
         } while (j);
         len = b2s->hbase2_numdigits;
     }
@@ -4756,8 +4940,8 @@ big2str_generic(VALUE x, int base)
 	return rb_usascii_str_new2("0");
     }
 
-    if (base < 2 || 36 < base)
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid radix %d", base);
+    if (!valid_radix_p(base))
+	invalid_radix(base);
 
     if (xn >= LONG_MAX/BITSPERDIG) {
         rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `string'");
@@ -4823,10 +5007,9 @@ rb_big2str_generic(VALUE x, int base)
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_GMP
-VALUE
+static VALUE
 big2str_gmp(VALUE x, int base)
 {
-    const size_t nails = (sizeof(BDIGIT)-SIZEOF_BDIGIT)*CHAR_BIT;
     mpz_t mx;
     size_t size;
     VALUE str;
@@ -4834,7 +5017,7 @@ big2str_gmp(VALUE x, int base)
     size_t xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
 
     mpz_init(mx);
-    mpz_import(mx, xn, -1, sizeof(BDIGIT), 0, nails, xds);
+    bdigits_to_mpz(mx, xds, xn);
 
     size = mpz_sizeinbase(mx, base);
 
@@ -4882,8 +5065,8 @@ rb_big2str1(VALUE x, int base)
 	return rb_usascii_str_new2("0");
     }
 
-    if (base < 2 || 36 < base)
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid radix %d", base);
+    if (!valid_radix_p(base))
+	invalid_radix(base);
 
     if (xn >= LONG_MAX/BITSPERDIG) {
         rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `string'");
@@ -4909,38 +5092,12 @@ rb_big2str(VALUE x, int base)
     return rb_big2str1(x, base);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.to_s(base=10)   ->  string
- *
- *  Returns a string containing the representation of <i>big</i> radix
- *  <i>base</i> (2 through 36).
- *
- *     12345654321.to_s         #=> "12345654321"
- *     12345654321.to_s(2)      #=> "1011011111110110111011110000110001"
- *     12345654321.to_s(8)      #=> "133766736061"
- *     12345654321.to_s(16)     #=> "2dfdbbc31"
- *     78546939656932.to_s(36)  #=> "rubyrules"
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_big_to_s(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE x)
-{
-    int base;
-
-    if (argc == 0) base = 10;
-    else {
-	VALUE b;
-
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &b);
-	base = NUM2INT(b);
-    }
-    return rb_big2str(x, base);
-}
-
 static unsigned long
 big2ulong(VALUE x, const char *type)
 {
+#if SIZEOF_LONG > SIZEOF_BDIGIT
+    size_t i;
+#endif
     size_t len = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
     unsigned long num;
     BDIGIT *ds;
@@ -4955,9 +5112,9 @@ big2ulong(VALUE x, const char *type)
     num = (unsigned long)ds[0];
 #else
     num = 0;
-    while (len--) {
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 	num <<= BITSPERDIG;
-	num += (unsigned long)ds[len]; /* overflow is already checked */
+        num += (unsigned long)ds[len - i - 1]; /* overflow is already checked */
     }
 #endif
     return num;
@@ -4972,10 +5129,8 @@ rb_big2ulong(VALUE x)
         return num;
     }
     else {
-        if (num <= LONG_MAX)
-            return -(long)num;
-        if (num == 1+(unsigned long)(-(LONG_MIN+1)))
-            return LONG_MIN;
+        if (num <= 1+(unsigned long)(-(LONG_MIN+1)))
+            return -(long)(num-1)-1;
     }
     rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum out of range of unsigned long");
 }
@@ -4990,10 +5145,8 @@ rb_big2long(VALUE x)
             return num;
     }
     else {
-        if (num <= LONG_MAX)
-            return -(long)num;
-        if (num == 1+(unsigned long)(-(LONG_MIN+1)))
-            return LONG_MIN;
+        if (num <= 1+(unsigned long)(-(LONG_MIN+1)))
+            return -(long)(num-1)-1;
     }
     rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `long'");
 }
@@ -5003,6 +5156,9 @@ rb_big2long(VALUE x)
 static unsigned LONG_LONG
 big2ull(VALUE x, const char *type)
 {
+#if SIZEOF_LONG_LONG > SIZEOF_BDIGIT
+    size_t i;
+#endif
     size_t len = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
     unsigned LONG_LONG num;
     BDIGIT *ds = BDIGITS(x);
@@ -5015,9 +5171,9 @@ big2ull(VALUE x, const char *type)
     num = (unsigned LONG_LONG)ds[0];
 #else
     num = 0;
-    while (len--) {
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 	num = BIGUP(num);
-	num += ds[len];
+        num += ds[len - i - 1];
     }
 #endif
     return num;
@@ -5032,10 +5188,8 @@ rb_big2ull(VALUE x)
         return num;
     }
     else {
-        if (num <= LLONG_MAX)
-            return -(LONG_LONG)num;
-        if (num == 1+(unsigned LONG_LONG)(-(LLONG_MIN+1)))
-            return LLONG_MIN;
+        if (num <= 1+(unsigned LONG_LONG)(-(LLONG_MIN+1)))
+            return -(LONG_LONG)(num-1)-1;
     }
     rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum out of range of unsigned long long");
 }
@@ -5050,10 +5204,8 @@ rb_big2ll(VALUE x)
             return num;
     }
     else {
-        if (num <= LLONG_MAX)
-            return -(LONG_LONG)num;
-        if (num == 1+(unsigned LONG_LONG)(-(LLONG_MIN+1)))
-            return LLONG_MIN;
+        if (num <= 1+(unsigned LONG_LONG)(-(LLONG_MIN+1)))
+            return -(LONG_LONG)(num-1)-1;
     }
     rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `long long'");
 }
@@ -5128,8 +5280,13 @@ big2dbl(VALUE x)
 		    }
 		}
 		if (carry) {
-		    dl &= BDIGMAX << bits;
-		    dl = BIGLO(dl + ((BDIGIT)1 << bits));
+                    BDIGIT mask = BDIGMAX;
+                    BDIGIT bit = 1;
+                    mask <<= bits;
+                    bit <<= bits;
+                    dl &= mask;
+                    dl += bit;
+                    dl = BIGLO(dl);
 		    if (!dl) d += 1;
 		}
 	    }
@@ -5144,7 +5301,7 @@ big2dbl(VALUE x)
 	    }
 	}
     }
-    if (!BIGNUM_SIGN(x)) d = -d;
+    if (BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(x)) d = -d;
     return d;
 }
 
@@ -5163,21 +5320,6 @@ rb_big2dbl(VALUE x)
     return d;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.to_f -> float
- *
- *  Converts <i>big</i> to a <code>Float</code>. If <i>big</i> doesn't
- *  fit in a <code>Float</code>, the result is infinity.
- *
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_big_to_f(VALUE x)
-{
-    return DBL2NUM(rb_big2dbl(x));
-}
-
 VALUE
 rb_integer_float_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
@@ -5228,6 +5370,15 @@ rb_integer_float_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return INT2FIX(-1);
 }
 
+#if SIZEOF_LONG * CHAR_BIT >= DBL_MANT_DIG /* assume FLT_RADIX == 2 */
+COMPILER_WARNING_PUSH
+#if __has_warning("-Wimplicit-int-float-conversion")
+COMPILER_WARNING_IGNORED(-Wimplicit-int-float-conversion)
+#endif
+static const double LONG_MAX_as_double = LONG_MAX;
+COMPILER_WARNING_POP
+#endif
+
 VALUE
 rb_integer_float_eq(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
@@ -5247,7 +5398,7 @@ rb_integer_float_eq(VALUE x, VALUE y)
         return Qtrue;
 #else
         long xn, yn;
-        if (yi < LONG_MIN || LONG_MAX < yi)
+        if (yi < LONG_MIN || LONG_MAX_as_double <= yi)
             return Qfalse;
         xn = FIX2LONG(x);
         yn = (long)yi;
@@ -5260,52 +5411,33 @@ rb_integer_float_eq(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return rb_big_eq(x, y);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big <=> numeric   -> -1, 0, +1 or nil
- *
- *  Comparison---Returns -1, 0, or +1 depending on whether +big+ is
- *  less than, equal to, or greater than +numeric+. This is the
- *  basis for the tests in Comparable.
- *
- *  +nil+ is returned if the two values are incomparable.
- *
- */
 
 VALUE
 rb_big_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    int cmp;
-
     if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
-        x = bignorm(x);
+	x = bigfixize(x);
         if (FIXNUM_P(x)) {
-            if (FIX2LONG(x) > FIX2LONG(y)) return INT2FIX(1);
-            if (FIX2LONG(x) < FIX2LONG(y)) return INT2FIX(-1);
-            return INT2FIX(0);
-        }
-        else {
-            if (BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(x)) return INT2FIX(-1);
-            return INT2FIX(1);
+	    /* SIGNED_VALUE and Fixnum have same sign-bits, same
+	     * order */
+	    SIGNED_VALUE sx = (SIGNED_VALUE)x, sy = (SIGNED_VALUE)y;
+	    if (sx < sy) return INT2FIX(-1);
+	    return INT2FIX(sx > sy);
         }
     }
     else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
+	if (BIGNUM_SIGN(x) == BIGNUM_SIGN(y)) {
+	    int cmp = bary_cmp(BDIGITS(x), BIGNUM_LEN(x), BDIGITS(y), BIGNUM_LEN(y));
+	    return INT2FIX(BIGNUM_SIGN(x) ? cmp : -cmp);
+	}
     }
     else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
         return rb_integer_float_cmp(x, y);
     }
     else {
-	return rb_num_coerce_cmp(x, y, rb_intern("<=>"));
+	return rb_num_coerce_cmp(x, y, idCmp);
     }
-
-    if (BIGNUM_SIGN(x) > BIGNUM_SIGN(y)) return INT2FIX(1);
-    if (BIGNUM_SIGN(x) < BIGNUM_SIGN(y)) return INT2FIX(-1);
-
-    cmp = bary_cmp(BDIGITS(x), BIGNUM_LEN(x), BDIGITS(y), BIGNUM_LEN(y));
-    if (BIGNUM_SIGN(x))
-        return INT2FIX(cmp);
-    else
-        return INT2FIX(-cmp);
+    return INT2FIX(BIGNUM_SIGN(x) ? 1 : -1);
 }
 
 enum big_op_t {
@@ -5321,7 +5453,7 @@ big_op(VALUE x, VALUE y, enum big_op_t op)
     VALUE rel;
     int n;
 
-    if (FIXNUM_P(y) || RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(y)) {
 	rel = rb_big_cmp(x, y);
     }
     else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
@@ -5331,9 +5463,9 @@ big_op(VALUE x, VALUE y, enum big_op_t op)
 	ID id = 0;
 	switch (op) {
 	  case big_op_gt: id = '>'; break;
-	  case big_op_ge: id = rb_intern(">="); break;
+	  case big_op_ge: id = idGE; break;
 	  case big_op_lt: id = '<'; break;
-	  case big_op_le: id = rb_intern("<="); break;
+	  case big_op_le: id = idLE; break;
 	}
 	return rb_num_coerce_relop(x, y, id);
     }
@@ -5350,58 +5482,26 @@ big_op(VALUE x, VALUE y, enum big_op_t op)
     return Qundef;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   big > real  ->  true or false
- *
- * Returns <code>true</code> if the value of <code>big</code> is
- * greater than that of <code>real</code>.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-big_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+VALUE
+rb_big_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     return big_op(x, y, big_op_gt);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   big >= real  ->  true or false
- *
- * Returns <code>true</code> if the value of <code>big</code> is
- * greater than or equal to that of <code>real</code>.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-big_ge(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+VALUE
+rb_big_ge(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     return big_op(x, y, big_op_ge);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   big < real  ->  true or false
- *
- * Returns <code>true</code> if the value of <code>big</code> is
- * less than that of <code>real</code>.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-big_lt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+VALUE
+rb_big_lt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     return big_op(x, y, big_op_lt);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   big <= real  ->  true or false
- *
- * Returns <code>true</code> if the value of <code>big</code> is
- * less than or equal to that of <code>real</code>.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-big_le(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+VALUE
+rb_big_le(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     return big_op(x, y, big_op_le);
 }
@@ -5411,8 +5511,8 @@ big_le(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *     big == obj  -> true or false
  *
  *  Returns <code>true</code> only if <i>obj</i> has the same value
- *  as <i>big</i>. Contrast this with <code>Bignum#eql?</code>, which
- *  requires <i>obj</i> to be a <code>Bignum</code>.
+ *  as <i>big</i>. Contrast this with Integer#eql?, which requires
+ *  <i>obj</i> to be an Integer.
  *
  *     68719476736 == 68719476736.0   #=> true
  */
@@ -5421,8 +5521,7 @@ VALUE
 rb_big_eq(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
-	if (bignorm(x) == y) return Qtrue;
-	y = rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(y));
+	return bignorm(x) == y ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
     }
     else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
     }
@@ -5438,17 +5537,6 @@ rb_big_eq(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.eql?(obj)   -> true or false
- *
- *  Returns <code>true</code> only if <i>obj</i> is a
- *  <code>Bignum</code> with the same value as <i>big</i>. Contrast this
- *  with <code>Bignum#==</code>, which performs type conversions.
- *
- *     68719476736.eql?(68719476736.0)   #=> false
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_eql(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
@@ -5459,37 +5547,18 @@ rb_big_eql(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    -big   ->  integer
- *
- * Unary minus (returns an integer whose value is 0-big)
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_uminus(VALUE x)
 {
     VALUE z = rb_big_clone(x);
 
-    BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(z, !BIGNUM_SIGN(x));
+    BIGNUM_NEGATE(z);
 
     return bignorm(z);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *     ~big  ->  integer
- *
- * Inverts the bits in big. As Bignums are conceptually infinite
- * length, the result acts as if it had an infinite number of one
- * bits to the left. In hex representations, this is displayed
- * as two periods to the left of the digits.
- *
- *   sprintf("%X", ~0x1122334455)    #=> "..FEEDDCCBBAA"
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_big_neg(VALUE x)
+VALUE
+rb_big_comp(VALUE x)
 {
     VALUE z = rb_big_clone(x);
     BDIGIT *ds = BDIGITS(z);
@@ -5569,7 +5638,7 @@ bigsub_int(VALUE x, long y0)
     assert(xn == zn);
     num = (BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)xds[0] - y;
     if (xn == 1 && num < 0) {
-	BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(z, !BIGNUM_SIGN(x));
+	BIGNUM_NEGATE(z);
 	zds[0] = (BDIGIT)-num;
 	RB_GC_GUARD(x);
 	return bignorm(z);
@@ -5632,7 +5701,7 @@ bigsub_int(VALUE x, long y0)
     assert(num == 0 || num == -1);
     if (num < 0) {
         get2comp(z);
-	BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(z, !BIGNUM_SIGN(x));
+	BIGNUM_NEGATE(z);
     }
     RB_GC_GUARD(x);
     return bignorm(z);
@@ -5748,13 +5817,6 @@ bigadd(VALUE x, VALUE y, int sign)
     return z;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big + other  -> Numeric
- *
- *  Adds big and other, returning the result.
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_plus(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
@@ -5784,13 +5846,6 @@ rb_big_plus(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     }
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big - other  -> Numeric
- *
- *  Subtracts other from big, returning the result.
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_minus(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
@@ -5835,17 +5890,10 @@ bigsq(VALUE x)
     xds = BDIGITS(x);
     zds = BDIGITS(z);
 
-#ifdef USE_GMP
-    if (xn < GMP_MUL_DIGITS)
-        bary_sq_fast(zds, zn, xds, xn);
-    else
-        bary_mul(zds, zn, xds, xn, xds, xn);
-#else
-    if (xn < KARATSUBA_MUL_DIGITS)
+    if (xn < NAIVE_MUL_DIGITS)
         bary_sq_fast(zds, zn, xds, xn);
     else
         bary_mul(zds, zn, xds, xn, xds, xn);
-#endif
 
     RB_GC_GUARD(x);
     return z;
@@ -5878,13 +5926,6 @@ bigmul0(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return z;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big * other  -> Numeric
- *
- *  Multiplies big and other, returning the result.
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_mul(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
@@ -5934,7 +5975,7 @@ bigdivrem(VALUE x, VALUE y, volatile VALUE *divp, volatile VALUE *modp)
 	zds = BDIGITS(z);
         dd = bigdivrem_single(zds, xds, xn, dd);
 	if (modp) {
-	    *modp = rb_uint2big((VALUE)dd);
+	    *modp = rb_uint2big((uintptr_t)dd);
 	    BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(*modp, BIGNUM_SIGN(x));
 	}
 	if (divp) *divp = z;
@@ -6024,12 +6065,15 @@ rb_big_divide(VALUE x, VALUE y, ID op)
     }
     else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
 	if (op == '/') {
-	    return DBL2NUM(rb_big2dbl(x) / RFLOAT_VALUE(y));
+            double dx = rb_big2dbl(x);
+            return rb_flo_div_flo(DBL2NUM(dx), y);
 	}
 	else {
+            VALUE v;
 	    double dy = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
 	    if (dy == 0.0) rb_num_zerodiv();
-	    return rb_dbl2big(rb_big2dbl(x) / dy);
+            v = rb_big_divide(x, y, '/');
+            return rb_dbl2big(RFLOAT_VALUE(v));
 	}
     }
     else {
@@ -6040,43 +6084,18 @@ rb_big_divide(VALUE x, VALUE y, ID op)
     return bignorm(z);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big / other     -> Numeric
- *
- * Performs division: the class of the resulting object depends on
- * the class of <code>numeric</code> and on the magnitude of the
- * result.
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_div(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     return rb_big_divide(x, y, '/');
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.div(other)  -> integer
- *
- * Performs integer division: returns integer value.
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_idiv(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    return rb_big_divide(x, y, rb_intern("div"));
+    return rb_big_divide(x, y, idDiv);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big % other         -> Numeric
- *     big.modulo(other)   -> Numeric
- *
- *  Returns big modulo other. See Numeric.divmod for more
- *  information.
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_modulo(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
@@ -6093,16 +6112,7 @@ rb_big_modulo(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return bignorm(z);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.remainder(numeric)    -> number
- *
- *  Returns the remainder after dividing <i>big</i> by <i>numeric</i>.
- *
- *     -1234567890987654321.remainder(13731)      #=> -6966
- *     -1234567890987654321.remainder(13731.24)   #=> -9906.22531493148
- */
-static VALUE
+VALUE
 rb_big_remainder(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     VALUE z;
@@ -6118,13 +6128,6 @@ rb_big_remainder(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return bignorm(z);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.divmod(numeric)   -> array
- *
- *  See <code>Numeric#divmod</code>.
- *
- */
 VALUE
 rb_big_divmod(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
@@ -6134,7 +6137,7 @@ rb_big_divmod(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 	y = rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(y));
     }
     else if (!RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
-	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, rb_intern("divmod"));
+        return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, idDivmod);
     }
     bigdivmod(x, y, &div, &mod);
 
@@ -6151,10 +6154,11 @@ big_shift(VALUE x, long n)
     return x;
 }
 
-static VALUE
+enum {DBL_BIGDIG = ((DBL_MANT_DIG + BITSPERDIG) / BITSPERDIG)};
+
+static double
 big_fdiv(VALUE x, VALUE y, long ey)
 {
-#define DBL_BIGDIG ((DBL_MANT_DIG + BITSPERDIG) / BITSPERDIG)
     VALUE z;
     long l, ex;
 
@@ -6162,6 +6166,8 @@ big_fdiv(VALUE x, VALUE y, long ey)
     l = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
     ex = l * BITSPERDIG - nlz(BDIGITS(x)[l-1]);
     ex -= 2 * DBL_BIGDIG * BITSPERDIG;
+    if (ex > BITSPERDIG) ex -= BITSPERDIG;
+    else if (ex > 0) ex = 0;
     if (ex) x = big_shift(x, ex);
 
     bigdivrem(x, y, &z, 0);
@@ -6169,14 +6175,14 @@ big_fdiv(VALUE x, VALUE y, long ey)
 #if SIZEOF_LONG > SIZEOF_INT
     {
 	/* Visual C++ can't be here */
-	if (l > INT_MAX) return DBL2NUM(INFINITY);
-	if (l < INT_MIN) return DBL2NUM(0.0);
+	if (l > INT_MAX) return HUGE_VAL;
+	if (l < INT_MIN) return 0.0;
     }
 #endif
-    return DBL2NUM(ldexp(big2dbl(z), (int)l));
+    return ldexp(big2dbl(z), (int)l);
 }
 
-static VALUE
+static double
 big_fdiv_int(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     long l, ey;
@@ -6188,7 +6194,7 @@ big_fdiv_int(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return big_fdiv(x, y, ey);
 }
 
-static VALUE
+static double
 big_fdiv_float(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     int i;
@@ -6196,23 +6202,11 @@ big_fdiv_float(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return big_fdiv(x, y, i - DBL_MANT_DIG);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
-  *     big.fdiv(numeric) -> float
- *
- *  Returns the floating point result of dividing <i>big</i> by
- *  <i>numeric</i>.
- *
- *     -1234567890987654321.fdiv(13731)      #=> -89910996357705.5
- *     -1234567890987654321.fdiv(13731.24)   #=> -89909424858035.7
- *
- */
-
-
-VALUE
-rb_big_fdiv(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+double
+rb_big_fdiv_double(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     double dx, dy;
+    VALUE v;
 
     dx = big2dbl(x);
     if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
@@ -6221,35 +6215,27 @@ rb_big_fdiv(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 	    return big_fdiv_int(x, rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(y)));
     }
     else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
-	dy = rb_big2dbl(y);
-	if (isinf(dx) || isinf(dy))
-	    return big_fdiv_int(x, y);
+	return big_fdiv_int(x, y);
     }
     else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
 	dy = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
 	if (isnan(dy))
-	    return y;
+	    return dy;
 	if (isinf(dx))
 	    return big_fdiv_float(x, y);
     }
     else {
-	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, rb_intern("fdiv"));
+        return NUM2DBL(rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, idFdiv));
     }
-    return DBL2NUM(dx / dy);
+    v = rb_flo_div_flo(DBL2NUM(dx), DBL2NUM(dy));
+    return NUM2DBL(v);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big ** exponent   -> numeric
- *
- *  Raises _big_ to the _exponent_ power (which may be an integer, float,
- *  or anything that will coerce to a number). The result may be
- *  a Fixnum, Bignum, or Float
- *
- *    123456789 ** 2      #=> 15241578750190521
- *    123456789 ** 1.2    #=> 5126464716.09932
- *    123456789 ** -2     #=> (1/15241578750190521)
- */
+VALUE
+rb_big_fdiv(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    return DBL2NUM(rb_big_fdiv_double(x, y));
+}
 
 VALUE
 rb_big_pow(VALUE x, VALUE y)
@@ -6259,10 +6245,12 @@ rb_big_pow(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 
   again:
     if (y == INT2FIX(0)) return INT2FIX(1);
+    if (y == INT2FIX(1)) return x;
     if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
 	d = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
-	if ((!BIGNUM_SIGN(x) && !BIGZEROP(x)) && d != round(d))
-	    return rb_funcall(rb_complex_raw1(x), rb_intern("**"), 1, y);
+	if ((BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(x) && !BIGZEROP(x))) {
+            return rb_dbl_complex_new_polar_pi(pow(-rb_big2dbl(x), d), d);
+	}
     }
     else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
 	y = bignorm(y);
@@ -6274,8 +6262,13 @@ rb_big_pow(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     else if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
 	yy = FIX2LONG(y);
 
-	if (yy < 0)
-	    return rb_funcall(rb_rational_raw1(x), rb_intern("**"), 1, y);
+        if (yy < 0) {
+            x = rb_big_pow(x, LONG2NUM(-yy));
+            if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x))
+                return rb_rational_raw(INT2FIX(1), x);
+            else
+                return DBL2NUM(1.0 / NUM2DBL(x));
+        }
 	else {
 	    VALUE z = 0;
 	    SIGNED_VALUE mask;
@@ -6300,7 +6293,7 @@ rb_big_pow(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 	}
     }
     else {
-	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, rb_intern("**"));
+	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, idPow);
     }
     return DBL2NUM(pow(rb_big2dbl(x), d));
 }
@@ -6360,13 +6353,6 @@ bigand_int(VALUE x, long xn, BDIGIT hibitsx, long y)
     return bignorm(z);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *     big & numeric   ->  integer
- *
- * Performs bitwise +and+ between _big_ and _numeric_.
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_and(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
@@ -6379,7 +6365,7 @@ rb_big_and(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     BDIGIT tmph;
     long tmpn;
 
-    if (!FIXNUM_P(y) && !RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
+    if (!RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(y)) {
 	return rb_num_coerce_bit(x, y, '&');
     }
 
@@ -6486,13 +6472,6 @@ bigor_int(VALUE x, long xn, BDIGIT hibitsx, long y)
     return bignorm(z);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *     big | numeric   ->  integer
- *
- * Performs bitwise +or+ between _big_ and _numeric_.
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_or(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
@@ -6505,7 +6484,7 @@ rb_big_or(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     BDIGIT tmph;
     long tmpn;
 
-    if (!FIXNUM_P(y) && !RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
+    if (!RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(y)) {
 	return rb_num_coerce_bit(x, y, '|');
     }
 
@@ -6586,12 +6565,6 @@ bigxor_int(VALUE x, long xn, BDIGIT hibitsx, long y)
     RB_GC_GUARD(x);
     return bignorm(z);
 }
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *     big ^ numeric   ->  integer
- *
- * Performs bitwise +exclusive or+ between _big_ and _numeric_.
- */
 
 VALUE
 rb_big_xor(VALUE x, VALUE y)
@@ -6605,7 +6578,7 @@ rb_big_xor(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     BDIGIT tmph;
     long tmpn;
 
-    if (!FIXNUM_P(y) && !RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
+    if (!RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(y)) {
 	return rb_num_coerce_bit(x, y, '^');
     }
 
@@ -6641,13 +6614,6 @@ rb_big_xor(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return bignorm(z);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *     big << numeric   ->  integer
- *
- * Shifts big left _numeric_ positions (right if _numeric_ is negative).
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_lshift(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
@@ -6678,14 +6644,6 @@ rb_big_lshift(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     }
 }
 
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *     big >> numeric   ->  integer
- *
- * Shifts big right _numeric_ positions (left if _numeric_ is negative).
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_rshift(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
@@ -6716,26 +6674,7 @@ rb_big_rshift(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     }
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big[n] -> 0, 1
- *
- *  Bit Reference---Returns the <em>n</em>th bit in the (assumed) binary
- *  representation of <i>big</i>, where <i>big</i>[0] is the least
- *  significant bit.
- *
- *     a = 9**15
- *     50.downto(0) do |n|
- *       print a[n]
- *     end
- *
- *  <em>produces:</em>
- *
- *     000101110110100000111000011110010100111100010111001
- *
- */
-
-static VALUE
+VALUE
 rb_big_aref(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     BDIGIT *xds;
@@ -6745,11 +6684,10 @@ rb_big_aref(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     BDIGIT bit;
 
     if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
-	if (!BIGNUM_SIGN(y))
+	if (BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(y))
 	    return INT2FIX(0);
 	bigtrunc(y);
 	if (BIGSIZE(y) > sizeof(size_t)) {
-	  out_of_range:
 	    return BIGNUM_SIGN(x) ? INT2FIX(0) : INT2FIX(1);
 	}
 #if SIZEOF_SIZE_T <= SIZEOF_LONG
@@ -6767,7 +6705,8 @@ rb_big_aref(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     s2 = shift%BITSPERDIG;
     bit = (BDIGIT)1 << s2;
 
-    if (s1 >= BIGNUM_LEN(x)) goto out_of_range;
+    if (s1 >= BIGNUM_LEN(x))
+        return BIGNUM_SIGN(x) ? INT2FIX(0) : INT2FIX(1);
 
     xds = BDIGITS(x);
     if (BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(x))
@@ -6780,22 +6719,13 @@ rb_big_aref(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return (xds[s1] & bit) ? INT2FIX(1) : INT2FIX(0);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   big.hash   -> fixnum
- *
- * Compute a hash based on the value of _big_.
- *
- * See also Object#hash.
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_hash(VALUE x)
 {
     st_index_t hash;
 
     hash = rb_memhash(BDIGITS(x), sizeof(BDIGIT)*BIGNUM_LEN(x)) ^ BIGNUM_SIGN(x);
-    return INT2FIX(hash);
+    return ST2FIX(hash);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -6813,95 +6743,47 @@ rb_big_hash(VALUE x)
  */
 
 static VALUE
-rb_big_coerce(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+rb_int_coerce(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
-	y = rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(y));
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(y)) {
+        return rb_assoc_new(y, x);
     }
-    else if (!RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't coerce %s to Bignum",
-		 rb_obj_classname(y));
+    else {
+        x = rb_Float(x);
+        y = rb_Float(y);
+        return rb_assoc_new(y, x);
     }
-    return rb_assoc_new(y, x);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.abs -> aBignum
- *     big.magnitude -> aBignum
- *
- *  Returns the absolute value of <i>big</i>.
- *
- *     -1234567890987654321.abs   #=> 1234567890987654321
- */
-
-static VALUE
+VALUE
 rb_big_abs(VALUE x)
 {
-    if (!BIGNUM_SIGN(x)) {
+    if (BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(x)) {
 	x = rb_big_clone(x);
-	BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(x, 1);
+	BIGNUM_SET_POSITIVE_SIGN(x);
     }
     return x;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.size -> integer
- *
- *  Returns the number of bytes in the machine representation of
- *  <i>big</i>.
- *
- *     (256**10 - 1).size   #=> 12
- *     (256**20 - 1).size   #=> 20
- *     (256**40 - 1).size   #=> 40
- */
+int
+rb_big_sign(VALUE x)
+{
+    return BIGNUM_SIGN(x);
+}
 
-static VALUE
+size_t
 rb_big_size(VALUE big)
 {
-    return SIZET2NUM(BIGSIZE(big));
+    return BIGSIZE(big);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     int.bit_length -> integer
- *
- *  Returns the number of bits of the value of <i>int</i>.
- *
- *  "the number of bits" means that
- *  the bit position of the highest bit which is different to the sign bit.
- *  (The bit position of the bit 2**n is n+1.)
- *  If there is no such bit (zero or minus one), zero is returned.
- *
- *  I.e. This method returns ceil(log2(int < 0 ? -int : int+1)).
- *
- *     (-2**10000-1).bit_length  #=> 10001
- *     (-2**10000).bit_length    #=> 10000
- *     (-2**10000+1).bit_length  #=> 10000
- *
- *     (-2**1000-1).bit_length   #=> 1001
- *     (-2**1000).bit_length     #=> 1000
- *     (-2**1000+1).bit_length   #=> 1000
- *
- *     (2**1000-1).bit_length    #=> 1000
- *     (2**1000).bit_length      #=> 1001
- *     (2**1000+1).bit_length    #=> 1001
- *
- *     (2**10000-1).bit_length   #=> 10000
- *     (2**10000).bit_length     #=> 10001
- *     (2**10000+1).bit_length   #=> 10001
- *
- *  This method can be used to detect overflow in Array#pack as follows.
- *
- *     if n.bit_length < 32
- *       [n].pack("l") # no overflow
- *     else
- *       raise "overflow"
- *     end
- */
+VALUE
+rb_big_size_m(VALUE big)
+{
+    return SIZET2NUM(rb_big_size(big));
+}
 
-static VALUE
+VALUE
 rb_big_bit_length(VALUE big)
 {
     int nlz_bits;
@@ -6942,14 +6824,7 @@ rb_big_bit_length(VALUE big)
             INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST|INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.odd? -> true or false
- *
- *  Returns <code>true</code> if <i>big</i> is an odd number.
- */
-
-static VALUE
+VALUE
 rb_big_odd_p(VALUE num)
 {
     if (BIGNUM_LEN(num) != 0 && BDIGITS(num)[0] & 1) {
@@ -6958,14 +6833,7 @@ rb_big_odd_p(VALUE num)
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.even? -> true or false
- *
- *  Returns <code>true</code> if <i>big</i> is an even number.
- */
-
-static VALUE
+VALUE
 rb_big_even_p(VALUE num)
 {
     if (BIGNUM_LEN(num) != 0 && BDIGITS(num)[0] & 1) {
@@ -6974,6 +6842,317 @@ rb_big_even_p(VALUE num)
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
+unsigned long rb_ulong_isqrt(unsigned long);
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT*2 > SIZEOF_LONG
+BDIGIT rb_bdigit_dbl_isqrt(BDIGIT_DBL);
+# ifdef ULL_TO_DOUBLE
+#   define BDIGIT_DBL_TO_DOUBLE(n) ULL_TO_DOUBLE(n)
+# endif
+#else
+# define rb_bdigit_dbl_isqrt(x) (BDIGIT)rb_ulong_isqrt(x)
+#endif
+#ifndef BDIGIT_DBL_TO_DOUBLE
+# define BDIGIT_DBL_TO_DOUBLE(n) (double)(n)
+#endif
+
+static BDIGIT *
+estimate_initial_sqrt(VALUE *xp, const size_t xn, const BDIGIT *nds, size_t len)
+{
+    enum {dbl_per_bdig = roomof(DBL_MANT_DIG,BITSPERDIG)};
+    const int zbits = nlz(nds[len-1]);
+    VALUE x = *xp = bignew_1(0, xn, 1); /* division may release the GVL */
+    BDIGIT *xds = BDIGITS(x);
+    BDIGIT_DBL d = bary2bdigitdbl(nds+len-dbl_per_bdig, dbl_per_bdig);
+    BDIGIT lowbits = 1;
+    int rshift = (int)((BITSPERDIG*2-zbits+(len&BITSPERDIG&1) - DBL_MANT_DIG + 1) & ~1);
+    double f;
+
+    if (rshift > 0) {
+	lowbits = (BDIGIT)d & ~(~(BDIGIT)1U << rshift);
+	d >>= rshift;
+    }
+    else if (rshift < 0) {
+	d <<= -rshift;
+	d |= nds[len-dbl_per_bdig-1] >> (BITSPERDIG+rshift);
+    }
+    f = sqrt(BDIGIT_DBL_TO_DOUBLE(d));
+    d = (BDIGIT_DBL)ceil(f);
+    if (BDIGIT_DBL_TO_DOUBLE(d) == f) {
+	if (lowbits || (lowbits = !bary_zero_p(nds, len-dbl_per_bdig)))
+	    ++d;
+    }
+    else {
+	lowbits = 1;
+    }
+    rshift /= 2;
+    rshift += (2-(len&1))*BITSPERDIG/2;
+    if (rshift >= 0) {
+        if (nlz((BDIGIT)d) + rshift >= BITSPERDIG) {
+            /* (d << rshift) does cause overflow.
+             * example: Integer.sqrt(0xffff_ffff_ffff_ffff ** 2)
+             */
+            d = ~(BDIGIT_DBL)0;
+        }
+        else {
+            d <<= rshift;
+        }
+    }
+    BDIGITS_ZERO(xds, xn-2);
+    bdigitdbl2bary(&xds[xn-2], 2, d);
+
+    if (!lowbits) return NULL; /* special case, exact result */
+    return xds;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_big_isqrt(VALUE n)
+{
+    BDIGIT *nds = BDIGITS(n);
+    size_t len = BIGNUM_LEN(n);
+    size_t xn = (len+1) / 2;
+    VALUE x;
+    BDIGIT *xds;
+
+    if (len <= 2) {
+	BDIGIT sq = rb_bdigit_dbl_isqrt(bary2bdigitdbl(nds, len));
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT > SIZEOF_LONG
+	return ULL2NUM(sq);
+#else
+	return ULONG2NUM(sq);
+#endif
+    }
+    else if ((xds = estimate_initial_sqrt(&x, xn, nds, len)) != 0) {
+	size_t tn = xn + BIGDIVREM_EXTRA_WORDS;
+	VALUE t = bignew_1(0, tn, 1);
+	BDIGIT *tds = BDIGITS(t);
+	tn = BIGNUM_LEN(t);
+
+	/* t = n/x */
+	while (bary_divmod_branch(tds, tn, NULL, 0, nds, len, xds, xn),
+	       bary_cmp(tds, tn, xds, xn) < 0) {
+	    int carry;
+	    BARY_TRUNC(tds, tn);
+	    /* x = (x+t)/2 */
+	    carry = bary_add(xds, xn, xds, xn, tds, tn);
+	    bary_small_rshift(xds, xds, xn, 1, carry);
+	    tn = BIGNUM_LEN(t);
+	}
+	rb_big_realloc(t, 0);
+	rb_gc_force_recycle(t);
+    }
+    RBASIC_SET_CLASS_RAW(x, rb_cInteger);
+    return x;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_GMP
+static void
+bary_powm_gmp(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn, const BDIGIT *mds, size_t mn)
+{
+    mpz_t z, x, y, m;
+    size_t count;
+    mpz_init(x);
+    mpz_init(y);
+    mpz_init(m);
+    mpz_init(z);
+    bdigits_to_mpz(x, xds, xn);
+    bdigits_to_mpz(y, yds, yn);
+    bdigits_to_mpz(m, mds, mn);
+    mpz_powm(z, x, y, m);
+    bdigits_from_mpz(z, zds, &count);
+    BDIGITS_ZERO(zds+count, zn-count);
+    mpz_clear(x);
+    mpz_clear(y);
+    mpz_clear(m);
+    mpz_clear(z);
+}
+#endif
+
+static VALUE
+int_pow_tmp3(VALUE x, VALUE y, VALUE m, int nega_flg)
+{
+#ifdef USE_GMP
+    VALUE z;
+    size_t xn, yn, mn, zn;
+
+    if (FIXNUM_P(x)) {
+       x = rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(x));
+    }
+    if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
+       y = rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(y));
+    }
+    assert(RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(m));
+    xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+    yn = BIGNUM_LEN(y);
+    mn = BIGNUM_LEN(m);
+    zn = mn;
+    z = bignew(zn, 1);
+    bary_powm_gmp(BDIGITS(z), zn, BDIGITS(x), xn, BDIGITS(y), yn, BDIGITS(m), mn);
+    if (nega_flg & BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(z)) {
+        z = rb_big_minus(z, m);
+    }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(y);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(m);
+    return rb_big_norm(z);
+#else
+    VALUE tmp = LONG2FIX(1L);
+    long yy;
+
+    for (/*NOP*/; ! FIXNUM_P(y); y = rb_big_rshift(y, LONG2FIX(1L))) {
+        if (RTEST(rb_int_odd_p(y))) {
+            tmp = rb_int_mul(tmp, x);
+            tmp = rb_int_modulo(tmp, m);
+        }
+        x = rb_int_mul(x, x);
+        x = rb_int_modulo(x, m);
+    }
+    for (yy = FIX2LONG(y); yy; yy >>= 1L) {
+        if (yy & 1L) {
+            tmp = rb_int_mul(tmp, x);
+            tmp = rb_int_modulo(tmp, m);
+        }
+        x = rb_int_mul(x, x);
+        x = rb_int_modulo(x, m);
+    }
+
+    if (nega_flg && rb_int_positive_p(tmp)) {
+        tmp = rb_int_minus(tmp, m);
+    }
+    return tmp;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Integer#pow
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+int_pow_tmp1(VALUE x, VALUE y, long mm, int nega_flg)
+{
+    long xx = FIX2LONG(x);
+    long tmp = 1L;
+    long yy;
+
+    for (/*NOP*/; ! FIXNUM_P(y); y = rb_big_rshift(y, LONG2FIX(1L))) {
+        if (RTEST(rb_int_odd_p(y))) {
+            tmp = (tmp * xx) % mm;
+        }
+        xx = (xx * xx) % mm;
+    }
+    for (yy = FIX2LONG(y); yy; yy >>= 1L) {
+        if (yy & 1L) {
+            tmp = (tmp * xx) % mm;
+        }
+        xx = (xx * xx) % mm;
+    }
+
+    if (nega_flg && tmp) {
+        tmp -= mm;
+    }
+    return LONG2FIX(tmp);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+int_pow_tmp2(VALUE x, VALUE y, long mm, int nega_flg)
+{
+    long tmp = 1L;
+    long yy;
+#ifdef DLONG
+    const DLONG m = mm;
+    long tmp2 = tmp;
+    long xx = FIX2LONG(x);
+# define MUL_MODULO(a, b, c) (long)(((DLONG)(a) * (DLONG)(b)) % (c))
+#else
+    const VALUE m = LONG2FIX(mm);
+    VALUE tmp2 = LONG2FIX(tmp);
+    VALUE xx = x;
+# define MUL_MODULO(a, b, c) rb_int_modulo(rb_fix_mul_fix((a), (b)), (c))
+#endif
+
+    for (/*NOP*/; ! FIXNUM_P(y); y = rb_big_rshift(y, LONG2FIX(1L))) {
+        if (RTEST(rb_int_odd_p(y))) {
+            tmp2 = MUL_MODULO(tmp2, xx, m);
+        }
+        xx = MUL_MODULO(xx, xx, m);
+    }
+    for (yy = FIX2LONG(y); yy; yy >>= 1L) {
+        if (yy & 1L) {
+            tmp2 = MUL_MODULO(tmp2, xx, m);
+        }
+        xx = MUL_MODULO(xx, xx, m);
+    }
+
+#ifdef DLONG
+    tmp = tmp2;
+#else
+    tmp = FIX2LONG(tmp2);
+#endif
+    if (nega_flg && tmp) {
+        tmp -= mm;
+    }
+    return LONG2FIX(tmp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Document-method: Integer#pow
+ * call-seq:
+ *    integer.pow(numeric)           ->  numeric
+ *    integer.pow(integer, integer)  ->  integer
+ *
+ * Returns (modular) exponentiation as:
+ *
+ *   a.pow(b)     #=> same as a**b
+ *   a.pow(b, m)  #=> same as (a**b) % m, but avoids huge temporary values
+ */
+VALUE
+rb_int_powm(int const argc, VALUE * const argv, VALUE const num)
+{
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2);
+
+    if (argc == 1) {
+        return rb_int_pow(num, argv[0]);
+    }
+    else {
+        VALUE const a = num;
+        VALUE const b = argv[0];
+        VALUE m = argv[1];
+        int nega_flg = 0;
+        if ( ! RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(b)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Integer#pow() 2nd argument not allowed unless a 1st argument is integer");
+        }
+        if (rb_int_negative_p(b)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "Integer#pow() 1st argument cannot be negative when 2nd argument specified");
+        }
+        if (!RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(m)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Integer#pow() 2nd argument not allowed unless all arguments are integers");
+        }
+
+        if (rb_int_negative_p(m)) {
+            m = rb_int_uminus(m);
+            nega_flg = 1;
+        }
+
+        if (FIXNUM_P(m)) {
+            long const half_val = (long)HALF_LONG_MSB;
+            long const mm = FIX2LONG(m);
+            if (!mm) rb_num_zerodiv();
+            if (mm == 1) return INT2FIX(0);
+            if (mm <= half_val) {
+                return int_pow_tmp1(rb_int_modulo(a, m), b, mm, nega_flg);
+            }
+            else {
+                return int_pow_tmp2(rb_int_modulo(a, m), b, mm, nega_flg);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            if (rb_bigzero_p(m)) rb_num_zerodiv();
+	    if (bignorm(m) == INT2FIX(1)) return INT2FIX(0);
+            return int_pow_tmp3(rb_int_modulo(a, m), b, m, nega_flg);
+        }
+    }
+    UNREACHABLE_RETURN(Qnil);
+}
+
 /*
  *  Bignum objects hold integers outside the range of
  *  Fixnum. Bignum objects are created
@@ -6995,51 +7174,15 @@ rb_big_even_p(VALUE num)
 void
 Init_Bignum(void)
 {
-    rb_cBignum = rb_define_class("Bignum", rb_cInteger);
-
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "to_s", rb_big_to_s, -1);
-    rb_define_alias(rb_cBignum, "inspect", "to_s");
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "coerce", rb_big_coerce, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "-@", rb_big_uminus, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "+", rb_big_plus, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "-", rb_big_minus, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "*", rb_big_mul, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "/", rb_big_div, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "%", rb_big_modulo, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "div", rb_big_idiv, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "divmod", rb_big_divmod, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "modulo", rb_big_modulo, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "remainder", rb_big_remainder, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "fdiv", rb_big_fdiv, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "**", rb_big_pow, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "&", rb_big_and, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "|", rb_big_or, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "^", rb_big_xor, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "~", rb_big_neg, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "<<", rb_big_lshift, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, ">>", rb_big_rshift, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "[]", rb_big_aref, 1);
-
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "<=>", rb_big_cmp, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "==", rb_big_eq, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, ">", big_gt, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, ">=", big_ge, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "<", big_lt, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "<=", big_le, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "===", rb_big_eq, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "eql?", rb_big_eql, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "hash", rb_big_hash, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "to_f", rb_big_to_f, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "abs", rb_big_abs, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "magnitude", rb_big_abs, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "size", rb_big_size, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "bit_length", rb_big_bit_length, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "odd?", rb_big_odd_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "even?", rb_big_even_p, 0);
+    /* An obsolete class, use Integer */
+    rb_define_const(rb_cObject, "Bignum", rb_cInteger);
+    rb_deprecate_constant(rb_cObject, "Bignum");
+
+    rb_define_method(rb_cInteger, "coerce", rb_int_coerce, 1);
 
 #ifdef USE_GMP
     /* The version of loaded GMP. */
-    rb_define_const(rb_cBignum, "GMP_VERSION", rb_sprintf("GMP %s", gmp_version));
+    rb_define_const(rb_cInteger, "GMP_VERSION", rb_sprintf("GMP %s", gmp_version));
 #endif
 
     power_cache_init();
diff --git a/bin/bundle b/bin/bundle
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1a0b06b005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/bundle
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'bundler' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
+
+str = ARGV.first
+if str
+  str = str.b[/\A_(.*)_\z/, 1]
+  if str and Gem::Version.correct?(str)
+    version = str
+    ARGV.shift
+  end
+end
+
+if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_bin_path)
+load Gem.activate_bin_path('bundler', 'bundle', version)
+else
+gem "bundler", version
+load Gem.bin_path("bundler", "bundle", version)
+end
diff --git a/bin/bundler b/bin/bundler
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..e15eb39ed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/bundler
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'bundler' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
+
+str = ARGV.first
+if str
+  str = str.b[/\A_(.*)_\z/, 1]
+  if str and Gem::Version.correct?(str)
+    version = str
+    ARGV.shift
+  end
+end
+
+if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_bin_path)
+load Gem.activate_bin_path('bundler', 'bundler', version)
+else
+gem "bundler", version
+load Gem.bin_path("bundler", "bundler", version)
+end
diff --git a/bin/erb b/bin/erb
index 1ba49c9dc1..89d74fc525 100755
--- a/bin/erb
+++ b/bin/erb
@@ -1,171 +1,27 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
-# Tiny eRuby --- ERB2
-# Copyright (c) 1999-2000,2002 Masatoshi SEKI
-# You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Ruby.
-
-require 'erb'
-
-class ERB
-  module Main
-    def ARGV.switch
-      return nil if self.empty?
-      arg = self.shift
-      return nil if arg == '--'
-      case arg
-      when /\A-(.)(.*)/
-        if $1 == '-'
-          arg, @maybe_arg = arg.split(/=/, 2)
-          return arg
-        end
-        raise 'unknown switch "-"' if $2[0] == ?- and $1 != 'T'
-        if $2.size > 0
-          self.unshift "-#{$2}"
-          @maybe_arg = $2
-        else
-          @maybe_arg = nil
-        end
-        "-#{$1}"
-      when /\A(\w+)=/
-        arg
-      else
-        self.unshift arg
-        nil
-      end
-    end
-
-    def ARGV.req_arg
-      (@maybe_arg || self.shift || raise('missing argument')).tap {
-        @maybe_arg = nil
-      }
-    end
-
-    def trim_mode_opt(trim_mode, disable_percent)
-      return trim_mode if disable_percent
-      case trim_mode
-      when 0
-        return '%'
-      when 1
-        return '%>'
-      when 2
-        return '%<>'
-      when '-'
-        return '%-'
-      end
-    end
-    module_function :trim_mode_opt
-
-    def run(factory=ERB)
-      trim_mode = 0
-      disable_percent = false
-      variables = {}
-      begin
-        while switch = ARGV.switch
-          case switch
-          when '-x'                        # ruby source
-            output = true
-          when '-n'                        # line number
-            number = true
-          when '-v'                        # verbose
-            $VERBOSE = true
-          when '--version'                 # version
-            STDERR.puts factory.version
-            exit
-          when '-d', '--debug'             # debug
-            $DEBUG = true
-          when '-r'                        # require
-            require ARGV.req_arg
-          when '-S'                        # security level
-            arg = ARGV.req_arg
-            raise "invalid safe_level #{arg.dump}" unless arg =~ /\A[0-3]\z/
-            safe_level = arg.to_i
-          when '-T'                        # trim mode
-            arg = ARGV.req_arg
-            if arg == '-'
-              trim_mode = arg
-              next
-            end
-            raise "invalid trim mode #{arg.dump}" unless arg =~ /\A[0-2]\z/
-            trim_mode = arg.to_i
-          when '-E', '--encoding'
-            arg = ARGV.req_arg
-            set_encoding(*arg.split(/:/, 2))
-          when '-U'
-            set_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8, Encoding::UTF_8)
-          when '-P'
-            disable_percent = true
-          when '--help'
-            raise "print this help"
-          when /\A-/
-            raise "unknown switch #{switch.dump}"
-          else
-            var, val = *switch.split('=', 2)
-            (variables ||= {})[var] = val
-          end
-        end
-      rescue                               # usage
-        STDERR.puts $!.to_s
-        STDERR.puts File.basename($0) +
-          " [switches] [var=value...] [inputfile]"
-        STDERR.puts <<EOU
-  -x               print ruby script
-  -n               print ruby script with line number
-  -v               enable verbose mode
-  -d               set $DEBUG to true
-  -r library       load a library
-  -S safe_level    set $SAFE (0..3)
-  -E ex[:in]       set default external/internal encodings
-  -U               set default encoding to UTF-8.
-  -T trim_mode     specify trim_mode (0..2, -)
-  -P               ignore lines which start with "%"
-  var=value        set variable
-EOU
-        exit 1
-      end
-
-      $<.set_encoding(Encoding::ASCII_8BIT, nil)
-      src = $<.read
-      filename = $FILENAME
-      exit 2 unless src
-      trim = trim_mode_opt(trim_mode, disable_percent)
-      erb = factory.new(src.untaint, safe_level, trim)
-      erb.filename = filename
-      if output
-        if number
-          erb.src.each_line.with_index do |line, l|
-            puts "%3d %s"%[l+1, line]
-          end
-        else
-          puts erb.src
-        end
-      else
-        bind = TOPLEVEL_BINDING.taint
-        if variables
-          enc = erb.encoding
-          for var, val in variables do
-            val = val.encode(enc) if val
-            bind.local_variable_set(var, val)
-          end
-        end
-        erb.run(bind)
-      end
-    end
-    module_function :run
-
-    def set_encoding(extern, intern = nil)
-      verbose, $VERBOSE = $VERBOSE, nil
-      Encoding.default_external = extern unless extern.nil? || extern == ""
-      Encoding.default_internal = intern unless intern.nil? || intern == ""
-      [$stdin, $stdout, $stderr].each do |io|
-        io.set_encoding(extern, intern)
-      end
-    ensure
-      $VERBOSE = verbose
-    end
-    module_function :set_encoding
-    class << self; private :set_encoding; end
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'erb' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
+
+str = ARGV.first
+if str
+  str = str.b[/\A_(.*)_\z/, 1]
+  if str and Gem::Version.correct?(str)
+    version = str
+    ARGV.shift
   end
 end
 
-if __FILE__ == $0
-  ERB::Main.run
+if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_bin_path)
+load Gem.activate_bin_path('erb', 'erb', version)
+else
+gem "erb", version
+load Gem.bin_path("erb", "erb", version)
 end
diff --git a/bin/irb b/bin/irb
index c64ee85fbd..ae6d358c9d 100755
--- a/bin/irb
+++ b/bin/irb
@@ -1,11 +1,27 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
 #
-#   irb.rb - interactive ruby
-#   	$Release Version: 0.9.6 $
-#   	$Revision$
-#   	by Keiju ISHITSUKA(keiju@ruby-lang.org)
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
 #
+# The application 'irb' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
 
-require "irb"
+str = ARGV.first
+if str
+  str = str.b[/\A_(.*)_\z/, 1]
+  if str and Gem::Version.correct?(str)
+    version = str
+    ARGV.shift
+  end
+end
 
-IRB.start(__FILE__)
+if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_bin_path)
+load Gem.activate_bin_path('irb', 'irb', version)
+else
+gem "irb", version
+load Gem.bin_path("irb", "irb", version)
+end
diff --git a/bin/racc b/bin/racc
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3ddac532b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/racc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'racc' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
+
+if ARGV.first
+  str = ARGV.first
+  str = str.dup.force_encoding("BINARY") if str.respond_to? :force_encoding
+  if str =~ /\A_(.*)_\z/ and Gem::Version.correct?($1) then
+    version = $1
+    ARGV.shift
+  end
+end
+
+if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_bin_path)
+load Gem.activate_bin_path('racc', 'racc', version)
+else
+gem "racc", version
+load Gem.bin_path("racc", "racc", version)
+end
diff --git a/bin/rake b/bin/rake
deleted file mode 100755
index 4e0bbb7b7a..0000000000
--- a/bin/rake
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-
-#--
-# Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007  Jim Weirich
-#
-# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
-# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
-# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
-# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-#
-# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-#
-# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
-# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
-# IN THE SOFTWARE.
-#++
-
-begin
-  require 'rubygems'
-  gem 'rake'
-rescue LoadError
-end
-
-require 'rake'
-
-Rake.application.run
diff --git a/bin/rdoc b/bin/rdoc
index aaa23292df..8fa948cddb 100755
--- a/bin/rdoc
+++ b/bin/rdoc
@@ -1,44 +1,27 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
 #
-#  RDoc: Documentation tool for source code
-#        (see lib/rdoc/rdoc.rb for more information)
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'rdoc' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
-#  Copyright (c) 2003 Dave Thomas
-#  Released under the same terms as Ruby
 
-begin
-  gem 'rdoc'
-rescue NameError => e # --disable-gems
-  raise unless e.name == :gem
-rescue Gem::LoadError
-end
+require 'rubygems'
 
-require 'rdoc/rdoc'
+version = ">= 0.a"
 
-begin
-  r = RDoc::RDoc.new
-  r.document ARGV
-rescue Errno::ENOSPC
-  $stderr.puts 'Ran out of space creating documentation'
-  $stderr.puts
-  $stderr.puts 'Please free up some space and try again'
-rescue SystemExit
-  raise
-rescue Exception => e
-  if $DEBUG_RDOC then
-    $stderr.puts e.message
-    $stderr.puts "#{e.backtrace.join "\n\t"}"
-    $stderr.puts
-  elsif Interrupt === e then
-    $stderr.puts
-    $stderr.puts 'Interrupted'
-  else
-    $stderr.puts "uh-oh! RDoc had a problem:"
-    $stderr.puts e.message
-    $stderr.puts
-    $stderr.puts "run with --debug for full backtrace"
+str = ARGV.first
+if str
+  str = str.b[/\A_(.*)_\z/, 1]
+  if str and Gem::Version.correct?(str)
+    version = str
+    ARGV.shift
   end
-
-  exit 1
 end
 
+if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_bin_path)
+load Gem.activate_bin_path('rdoc', 'rdoc', version)
+else
+gem "rdoc", version
+load Gem.bin_path("rdoc", "rdoc", version)
+end
diff --git a/bin/ri b/bin/ri
index 7fbed0c099..0cc2f73bb6 100755
--- a/bin/ri
+++ b/bin/ri
@@ -1,12 +1,27 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'rdoc' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
 
-begin
-  gem 'rdoc'
-rescue NameError => e # --disable-gems
-  raise unless e.name == :gem
-rescue Gem::LoadError
-end
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
 
-require 'rdoc/ri/driver'
+str = ARGV.first
+if str
+  str = str.b[/\A_(.*)_\z/, 1]
+  if str and Gem::Version.correct?(str)
+    version = str
+    ARGV.shift
+  end
+end
 
-RDoc::RI::Driver.run ARGV
+if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_bin_path)
+load Gem.activate_bin_path('rdoc', 'ri', version)
+else
+gem "rdoc", version
+load Gem.bin_path("rdoc", "ri", version)
+end
diff --git a/bootstraptest/pending.rb b/bootstraptest/pending.rb
index 744c0adac1..2c4b85a419 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/pending.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/pending.rb
@@ -1,19 +1,3 @@
-assert_equal 'A', %q{
-  class A
-    @@a = 'A'
-    def a=(x)
-      @@a = x
-    end
-    def a
-      @@a
-    end
-  end
-
-  B = A.dup
-  B.new.a = 'B'
-  A.new.a
-}, '[ruby-core:17019]'
-
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   def m
     lambda{
@@ -31,9 +15,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   end
 }
 
-assert_normal_exit %q{
-  r = Range.allocate
-  def r.<=>(o) true end
-  r.instance_eval { initialize r, r }
-  r.inspect
+# This randomly fails on mswin.
+assert_equal %q{[]}, %q{
+  Thread.new{sleep}.backtrace
 }
diff --git a/bootstraptest/runner.rb b/bootstraptest/runner.rb
index d58b824386..2cd91ffd07 100755
--- a/bootstraptest/runner.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/runner.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"exec" "${RUBY-ruby}" "-x" "$0" "$@" || true # -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8 -*-
+"exec" "${RUBY-ruby}" "-x" "$0" "$@" || true # -*- Ruby -*-
 #!./ruby
 # $Id$
 
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 # Never use optparse in this file.
 # Never use test/unit in this file.
 # Never use Ruby extensions in this file.
+# Maintain Ruby 1.8 compatibility for now
 
 begin
   require 'fileutils'
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ end
 def main
   @ruby = File.expand_path('miniruby')
   @verbose = false
+  $VERBOSE = false
   $stress = false
   @color = nil
   @tty = nil
@@ -136,9 +138,15 @@ End
   @tty &&= !@verbose
   if @color
     # dircolors-like style
-    colors = (colors = ENV['TEST_COLORS']) ? Hash[colors.scan(/(\w+)=([^:]*)/)] : {}
-    @passed = "\e[#{colors["pass"] || "32"}m"
-    @failed = "\e[#{colors["fail"] || "31"}m"
+    colors = (colors = ENV['TEST_COLORS']) ? Hash[colors.scan(/(\w+)=([^:\n]*)/)] : {}
+    begin
+      File.read(File.join(__dir__, "../tool/colors")).scan(/(\w+)=([^:\n]*)/) do |n, c|
+        colors[n] ||= c
+      end
+    rescue
+    end
+    @passed = "\e[;#{colors["pass"] || "32"}m"
+    @failed = "\e[;#{colors["fail"] || "31"}m"
     @reset = "\e[m"
   else
     @passed = @failed = @reset = ""
@@ -163,8 +171,8 @@ End
 end
 
 def erase(e = true)
-  if e and @columns > 0 and !@verbose
-    "\r#{" "*@columns}\r"
+  if e and @columns > 0 and @tty and !@verbose
+    "\e[1K\r"
   else
     ""
   end
@@ -200,6 +208,9 @@ def exec_test(pathes)
     $stderr.puts unless @quiet and @tty and @error == error
   end
   $stderr.print(erase) if @quiet
+  @errbuf.each do |msg|
+    $stderr.puts msg
+  end
   if @error == 0
     if @count == 0
       $stderr.puts "No tests, no problem"
@@ -208,9 +219,6 @@ def exec_test(pathes)
     end
     exit true
   else
-    @errbuf.each do |msg|
-      $stderr.puts msg
-    end
     $stderr.puts "#{@failed}FAIL#{@reset} #{@error}/#{@count} tests failed"
     exit false
   end
@@ -236,7 +244,7 @@ def show_progress(message = '')
   else
     $stderr.print "#{@failed}F"
     $stderr.printf(" %.3f", t) if @verbose
-    $stderr.print "#{@reset}"
+    $stderr.print @reset
     $stderr.puts if @verbose
     error faildesc, message
     unless errout.empty?
@@ -247,30 +255,41 @@ def show_progress(message = '')
     end
   end
 rescue Interrupt
-  raise Interrupt
+  $stderr.puts "\##{@count} #{@location}"
+  raise
 rescue Exception => err
   $stderr.print 'E'
   $stderr.puts if @verbose
   error err.message, message
+ensure
+  begin
+    check_coredump
+  rescue CoreDumpError => err
+    $stderr.print 'E'
+    $stderr.puts if @verbose
+    error err.message, message
+  end
 end
 
-# NativeClient is special.  The binary is cross-compiled.  But runs on the build environment.
-# So RUBY_PLATFORM in this process is not useful to detect it.
-def nacl?
-  @ruby and File.basename(@ruby.split(/\s/).first)['sel_ldr']
+def show_limit(testsrc, opt = '', **argh)
+  result = get_result_string(testsrc, opt, **argh)
+  if @tty and @verbose
+    $stderr.puts ".{#@reset}\n#{erase}#{result}"
+  else
+    @errbuf.push result
+  end
 end
 
-def assert_check(testsrc, message = '', opt = '')
+def assert_check(testsrc, message = '', opt = '', **argh)
   show_progress(message) {
-    result = get_result_string(testsrc, opt)
-    check_coredump
+    result = get_result_string(testsrc, opt, **argh)
     yield(result)
   }
 end
 
-def assert_equal(expected, testsrc, message = '')
+def assert_equal(expected, testsrc, message = '', opt = '', **argh)
   newtest
-  assert_check(testsrc, message) {|result|
+  assert_check(testsrc, message, opt, **argh) {|result|
     if expected == result
       nil
     else
@@ -311,13 +330,10 @@ def assert_valid_syntax(testsrc, message = '')
   }
 end
 
-def assert_normal_exit(testsrc, *rest)
+def assert_normal_exit(testsrc, *rest, timeout: nil, **opt)
   newtest
-  opt = {}
-  opt = rest.pop if Hash === rest.last
   message, ignore_signals = rest
   message ||= ''
-  timeout = opt[:timeout]
   show_progress(message) {
     faildesc = nil
     filename = make_srcfile(testsrc)
@@ -367,6 +383,9 @@ def assert_normal_exit(testsrc, *rest)
 end
 
 def assert_finish(timeout_seconds, testsrc, message = '')
+  if defined?(RubyVM::MJIT) && RubyVM::MJIT.enabled? # for --jit-wait
+    timeout_seconds *= 3
+  end
   newtest
   show_progress(message) {
     faildesc = nil
@@ -375,12 +394,24 @@ def assert_finish(timeout_seconds, testsrc, message = '')
     pid = io.pid
     waited = false
     tlimit = Time.now + timeout_seconds
-    while Time.now < tlimit
+    diff = timeout_seconds
+    while diff > 0
       if Process.waitpid pid, Process::WNOHANG
         waited = true
         break
       end
-      sleep 0.1
+      if io.respond_to?(:read_nonblock)
+        if IO.select([io], nil, nil, diff)
+          begin
+            io.read_nonblock(1024)
+          rescue Errno::EAGAIN, IO::WaitReadable, EOFError
+            break
+          end while true
+        end
+      else
+        sleep 0.1
+      end
+      diff = tlimit - Time.now
     end
     if !waited
       Process.kill(:KILL, pid)
@@ -398,7 +429,7 @@ def flunk(message = '')
 end
 
 def pretty(src, desc, result)
-  src = src.sub(/\A.*\n/, '')
+  src = src.sub(/\A\s*\n/, '')
   (/\n/ =~ src ? "\n#{adjust_indent(src)}" : src) + "  #=> #{desc}"
 end
 
@@ -412,23 +443,23 @@ def untabify(str)
   str.gsub(/^\t+/) {' ' * (8 * $&.size) }
 end
 
-def make_srcfile(src)
+def make_srcfile(src, frozen_string_literal: nil)
   filename = 'bootstraptest.tmp.rb'
   File.open(filename, 'w') {|f|
+    f.puts "#frozen_string_literal:true" if frozen_string_literal
     f.puts "GC.stress = true" if $stress
     f.puts "print(begin; #{src}; end)"
   }
   filename
 end
 
-def get_result_string(src, opt = '')
+def get_result_string(src, opt = '', **argh)
   if @ruby
-    filename = make_srcfile(src)
+    filename = make_srcfile(src, **argh)
     begin
       `#{@ruby} -W0 #{opt} #{filename}`
     ensure
       raise Interrupt if $? and $?.signaled? && $?.termsig == Signal.list["INT"]
-      raise CoreDumpError, "core dumped" if $? and $?.coredump?
     end
   else
     eval(src).to_s
@@ -488,7 +519,21 @@ def in_temporary_working_directory(dir)
 end
 
 def cleanup_coredump
-  FileUtils.rm_f 'core'
+  if File.file?('core')
+    require 'time'
+    Dir.glob('/tmp/bootstraptest-core.*').each do |f|
+      if Time.now - File.mtime(f) > 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 # 7 days
+        warn "Deleting an old core file: #{f}"
+        FileUtils.rm(f)
+      end
+    end
+    core_path = "/tmp/bootstraptest-core.#{Time.now.utc.iso8601}"
+    warn "A core file is found. Saving it at: #{core_path.dump}"
+    FileUtils.mv('core', core_path)
+    cmd = ['gdb', @ruby, '-c', core_path, '-ex', 'bt', '-batch']
+    p cmd # debugging why it's not working
+    system(*cmd)
+  end
   FileUtils.rm_f Dir.glob('core.*')
   FileUtils.rm_f @ruby+'.stackdump' if @ruby
 end
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_env.rb b/bootstraptest/test_env.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d1b45b75e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_env.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+assert_equal "true", %q{
+  ENV["ENVTEST"] = "\u{e9 3042 d76c}"
+  env = ENV["ENVTEST"]
+  env.valid_encoding?
+}
+
+# different encoding is used for PATH
+assert_equal "true", %q{
+  ENV["PATH"] = "\u{e9 3042 d76c}"
+  env = ENV["PATH"]
+  env.valid_encoding?
+}
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_eval.rb b/bootstraptest/test_eval.rb
index bf7478006d..5d2593c306 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_eval.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_eval.rb
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ assert_equal %q{foo}, %q{
   }
 }
 assert_equal %q{1}, %q{
-  class Fixnum
+  class Integer
     Const = 1
   end
   1.instance_eval %{
@@ -190,7 +190,8 @@ assert_equal %q{[10, main]}, %q{
 }
 
 %w[break next redo].each do |keyword|
-  assert_match %r"Can't escape from eval with #{keyword}\z", %{
+  assert_match %r"Can't escape from eval with #{keyword}\b", %{
+    STDERR.reopen(STDOUT)
     begin
       eval "0 rescue #{keyword}"
     rescue SyntaxError => e
@@ -249,7 +250,9 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   begin
-    12.instance_eval { @@a }
+    class A
+      12.instance_eval { @@a }
+    end
   rescue NameError
     :ok
   end
@@ -257,7 +260,9 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   begin
-    12.instance_exec { @@a }
+    class A
+      12.instance_exec { @@a }
+    end
   rescue NameError
     :ok
   end
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_exception.rb b/bootstraptest/test_exception.rb
index 35c8d25e37..0fb6f552b8 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_exception.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_exception.rb
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ assert_equal 'nil', %q{
   exc.inspect
 }, '[ruby-dev:32608]'
 
-assert_equal 'exception class/object expected', %q{
+assert_equal 'divided by 0', %q{
   class ZeroDivisionError
     def self.new(message)
       42
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_fiber.rb b/bootstraptest/test_fiber.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35e1bf6851
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_fiber.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+show_limit %q{
+  fibers = []
+  begin
+    fiber = Fiber.new{Fiber.yield}
+    fiber.resume
+    fibers << fiber
+
+    raise Exception, "skipping" if fibers.count >= 10_000
+  rescue Exception => error
+    puts "Fiber count: #{fibers.count} (#{error})"
+    break
+  end while true
+}
+
+assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
+  Fiber.new{
+  }.resume
+  :ok
+}
+
+assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
+  10_000.times.collect{Fiber.new{}}
+  :ok
+}
+
+assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
+  fibers = 100.times.collect{Fiber.new{Fiber.yield}}
+  fibers.each(&:resume)
+  fibers.each(&:resume)
+  :ok
+}
+
+assert_normal_exit %q{
+  at_exit { Fiber.new{}.resume }
+}
+
+assert_normal_exit %q{
+  Fiber.new(&Object.method(:class_eval)).resume("foo")
+}, '[ruby-dev:34128]'
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_flow.rb b/bootstraptest/test_flow.rb
index 0390062a24..35f19db588 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_flow.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_flow.rb
@@ -534,11 +534,11 @@ assert_equal %Q{ENSURE\n}, %q{
  ['[ruby-core:39125]', %q{
   class Bug5234
     include Enumerable
-    def each
+    def each(&block)
       begin
         yield :foo
       ensure
-        proc
+        proc(&block)
       end
     end
   end
@@ -547,11 +547,11 @@ assert_equal %Q{ENSURE\n}, %q{
  ['[ruby-dev:45656]', %q{
   class Bug6460
     include Enumerable
-    def each
+    def each(&block)
       begin
         yield :foo
       ensure
-        1.times { Proc.new }
+        1.times { Proc.new(&block) }
       end
     end
   end
@@ -589,3 +589,13 @@ assert_equal "foo", %q{
   end
   Bug6460.new.m1
 }, '[ruby-dev:46372]'
+
+assert_equal "foo", %q{
+  obj = "foo"
+  if obj || any1
+    any2 = any2
+  else
+    raise obj.inspect
+  end
+  obj
+}, '[ruby-core:87830]'
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_fork.rb b/bootstraptest/test_fork.rb
index 5de6ee1b12..83923dad97 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_fork.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_fork.rb
@@ -21,10 +21,12 @@ assert_finish 10, %q{
   end
 }, '[ruby-core:22158]'
 
-assert_normal_exit(<<'End', '[ruby-dev:37934]')
+# temporarily stop this test to enable explicit failure when
+# timer thread couldn't be created (r61706 and r61717).
+assert_normal_exit(<<'End', '[ruby-dev:37934]') if false
   main = Thread.current
   Thread.new { sleep 0.01 until main.stop?; Thread.kill main }
-  Process.setrlimit(:NPROC, 1)
+  Process.setrlimit(:NPROC, 1) if defined?(Process::RLIMIT_NPROC)
   fork {}
 End
 
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_insns.rb b/bootstraptest/test_insns.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9052cad7bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_insns.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+# C0 coverage of each instructions
+
+# :NOTE: This is for development purpose; never consider this file as
+# ISeq compilation specification.
+
+begin
+  # This library brings some additional coverage.
+  # Not mandatory.
+  require 'rbconfig/sizeof'
+rescue LoadError
+  # OK, just skip
+else
+  if defined? RbConfig::LIMITS
+    $FIXNUM_MAX = RbConfig::LIMITS["FIXNUM_MAX"]
+    $FIXNUM_MIN = RbConfig::LIMITS["FIXNUM_MIN"]
+  end
+end
+
+fsl   = { frozen_string_literal: true } # used later
+tests = [
+  # insn ,   expression to generate such insn
+  [ 'nop',   %q{ raise rescue true }, ],
+
+  [ 'setlocal *, 0', %q{ x = true }, ],
+  [ 'setlocal *, 1', %q{ x = nil; -> { x = true }.call }, ],
+  [ 'setlocal',      %q{ x = nil; -> { -> { x = true }.() }.() }, ],
+  [ 'getlocal *, 0', %q{ x = true; x }, ],
+  [ 'getlocal *, 1', %q{ x = true; -> { x }.call }, ],
+  [ 'getlocal',      %q{ x = true; -> { -> { x }.() }.() }, ],
+
+  [ 'setblockparam', <<-'},', ], # {
+    def m&b
+      b = # here
+        proc { true }
+    end
+    m { false }.call
+  },
+  [ 'getblockparam', <<-'},', ], # {
+    def m&b
+      b # here
+    end
+    m { true }.call
+  },
+  [ 'getblockparamproxy', <<-'},', ], # {
+    def m&b
+      b # here
+        .call
+    end
+    m { true }
+  },
+
+  [ 'setspecial', %q{ true if true..true }, ],
+  [ 'getspecial', %q{ $&.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'getspecial', %q{ $`.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'getspecial', %q{ $'.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'getspecial', %q{ $+.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'getspecial', %q{ $1.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'getspecial', %q{ $128.nil? }, ],
+
+  [ 'getglobal', %q{ String === $0 }, ],
+  [ 'getglobal', %q{ $_.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'setglobal', %q{ $0 = "true" }, ],
+
+  [ 'setinstancevariable', %q{ @x = true }, ],
+  [ 'getinstancevariable', %q{ @x = true; @x }, ],
+
+  [ 'setclassvariable', %q{ class A; @@x = true; end }, ],
+  [ 'getclassvariable', %q{ class A; @@x = true; @@x end }, ],
+
+  [ 'setconstant', %q{ X = true }, ],
+  [ 'setconstant', %q{ Object::X = true }, ],
+  [ 'getconstant', %q{ X = true; X }, ],
+  [ 'getconstant', %q{ X = true; Object::X }, ],
+
+  [ 'getinlinecache / setinlinecache', %q{ def x; X; end; X = true; x; x; x }, ],
+
+  [ 'putnil',               %q{ $~ == nil }, ],
+  [ 'putself',              %q{ $~ != self }, ],
+  [ 'putobject INT2FIX(0)', %q{ $~ != 0 }, ],
+  [ 'putobject INT2FIX(1)', %q{ $~ != 1 }, ],
+  [ 'putobject',            %q{ $~ != -1 }, ],
+  [ 'putobject',            %q{ $~ != /x/ }, ],
+  [ 'putobject',            %q{ $~ != :x }, ],
+  [ 'putobject',            %q{ $~ != (1..2) }, ],
+  [ 'putobject',            %q{ $~ != true }, ],
+  [ 'putobject',            %q{ /(?<x>x)/ =~ "x"; x == "x" }, ],
+
+  [ 'putspecialobject',         %q{ {//=>true}[//] }, ],
+  [ 'putstring',                %q{ "true" }, ],
+  [ 'tostring / concatstrings', %q{ "#{true}" }, ],
+  [ 'toregexp',                 %q{ /#{true}/ =~ "true" && $~ }, ],
+  [ 'intern',                   %q{ :"#{true}" }, ],
+
+  [ 'newarray',    %q{ ["true"][0] }, ],
+  [ 'newarraykwsplat', %q{ [**{x:'true'}][0][:x] }, ],
+  [ 'duparray',    %q{ [ true ][0] }, ],
+  [ 'expandarray', %q{ y = [ true, false, nil ]; x, = y; x }, ],
+  [ 'expandarray', %q{ y = [ true, false, nil ]; x, *z = y; x }, ],
+  [ 'expandarray', %q{ y = [ true, false, nil ]; x, *z, w = y; x }, ],
+  [ 'splatarray',  %q{ x, = *(y = true), false; x }, ],
+  [ 'concatarray', %q{ ["t", "r", *x = "u", "e"].join }, ],
+  [ 'concatarray', <<-'},', ],  # {
+    class X; def to_a; ['u']; end; end
+    ['t', 'r', *X.new, 'e'].join
+  },
+  [ 'concatarray', <<-'},', ],  # {
+    r = false
+    t = [true, nil]
+    q, w, e = r, *t             # here
+    w
+  },
+
+  [ 'newhash',  %q{ x = {}; x[x] = true }, ],
+  [ 'newhash',  %q{ x = true; { x => x }[x] }, ],
+  [ 'newhashfromarray', %q{ { a: true }[:a] }, ],
+  [ 'newrange', %q{ x = 1; [*(0..x)][0] == 0 }, ],
+  [ 'newrange', %q{ x = 1; [*(0...x)][0] == 0 }, ],
+
+  [ 'pop',     %q{ def x; true; end; x }, ],
+  [ 'dup',     %q{ x = y = true; x }, ],
+  [ 'dupn',    %q{ Object::X ||= true }, ],
+  [ 'reverse', %q{ q, (w, e), r = 1, [2, 3], 4; e == 3 }, ],
+  [ 'swap',    <<-'},', ],      # {
+    x = [[false, true]]
+    for i, j in x               # here
+      ;
+    end
+    j
+  },
+
+  [ 'topn',        %q{ x, y = [], 0; x[*y], = [true, false]; x[0] }, ],
+  [ 'setn',        %q{ x, y = [], 0; x[*y]  =  true        ; x[0] }, ],
+  [ 'adjuststack', %q{ x = [true]; x[0] ||= nil; x[0] }, ],
+
+  [ 'defined',      %q{ !defined?(x) }, ],
+  [ 'checkkeyword', %q{ def x x:rand;x end; x x: true }, ],
+  [ 'checktype',    %q{ x = true; "#{x}" }, ],
+  [ 'checkmatch',   <<-'},', ], # {
+    x = y = true
+    case x
+    when false
+      y = false
+    when true                   # here
+      y = nil
+    end
+    y == nil
+  },
+  [ 'checkmatch',   <<-'},', ], # {
+    x, y = true, [false]
+    case x
+    when *y                     # here
+      z = false
+    else
+      z = true
+    end
+    z
+  },
+  [ 'checkmatch',   <<-'},', ], # {
+    x = false
+    begin
+      raise
+    rescue                      # here
+      x = true
+    end
+    x
+  },
+
+  [ 'defineclass', %q{                 module X;    true end }, ],
+  [ 'defineclass', %q{ X = Module.new; module X;    true end }, ],
+  [ 'defineclass', %q{                 class X;     true end }, ],
+  [ 'defineclass', %q{ X = Class.new;  class X;     true end }, ],
+  [ 'defineclass', %q{ X = Class.new;  class Y < X; true end }, ],
+  [ 'defineclass', %q{ X = Class.new;  class << X;  true end }, ],
+  [ 'defineclass', <<-'},', ], # {
+    X = Class.new
+    Y = Class.new(X)
+    class Y < X
+      true
+    end
+  },
+
+  [ 'opt_send_without_block', %q{ true.to_s }, ],
+  [ 'send',                   %q{ true.tap {|i| i.to_s } }, ],
+  [ 'leave',                  %q{ def x; true; end; x }, ],
+  [ 'invokesuper',            <<-'},', ], # {
+    class X < String
+      def empty?
+        super                   # here
+      end
+    end
+   X.new.empty?
+  },
+  [ 'invokeblock',            <<-'},', ], # {
+    def x
+      return yield self         # here
+    end
+    x do
+      true
+    end
+  },
+
+  [ 'opt_str_freeze', %q{ 'true'.freeze }, ],
+  [ 'opt_nil_p',      %q{ nil.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'opt_nil_p',      %q{ !Object.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'opt_nil_p',      %q{ Class.new{def nil?; true end}.new.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'opt_str_uminus', %q{ -'true' }, ],
+  [ 'opt_str_freeze', <<-'},', ], # {
+    class String
+      def freeze
+        true
+      end
+    end
+    'true'.freeze
+  },
+
+  [ 'opt_newarray_max', %q{ [ ].max.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'opt_newarray_max', %q{ [1, x = 2, 3].max == 3 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_newarray_max', <<-'},', ], # {
+    class Array
+      def max
+        true
+      end
+    end
+    [1, x = 2, 3].max
+  },
+  [ 'opt_newarray_min', %q{ [ ].min.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'opt_newarray_min', %q{ [3, x = 2, 1].min == 1 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_newarray_min', <<-'},', ], # {
+    class Array
+      def min
+        true
+      end
+    end
+    [3, x = 2, 1].min
+  },
+
+  [ 'throw',        %q{ false.tap { break true } }, ],
+  [ 'branchif',     %q{ x = nil;  x ||= true }, ],
+  [ 'branchif',     %q{ x = true; x ||= nil; x }, ],
+  [ 'branchunless', %q{ x = 1;    x &&= true }, ],
+  [ 'branchunless', %q{ x = nil;  x &&= true; x.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'branchnil',    %q{ x = true; x&.to_s }, ],
+  [ 'branchnil',    %q{ x = nil;  (x&.to_s).nil? }, ],
+  [ 'jump',         <<-'},', ], # {
+    y = 1
+    x = if y == 0 then nil elsif y == 1 then true else nil end
+    x
+  },
+  [ 'jump',         <<-'},', ], # {
+    # ultra complicated situation: this ||= assignment only generates
+    # 15 instructions, not including the class definition.
+    class X; attr_accessor :x; end
+    x = X.new
+    x&.x ||= true               # here
+  },
+
+  [ 'once', %q{ /#{true}/o =~ "true" && $~ }, ],
+  [ 'once', <<-'},', ],         # {
+    def once expr
+      return /#{expr}/o         # here
+    end
+    x = once(true); x = once(false); x = once(nil);
+    x =~ "true" && $~
+  },
+  [ 'once', <<-'},', ],         # {
+    # recursive once
+    def once n
+      return %r/#{
+        if n == 0
+          true
+        else
+          once(n-1)             # here
+        end
+      }/ox
+    end
+    x = once(128); x = once(7); x = once(16);
+    x =~ "true" && $~
+  },
+  [ 'once', <<-'},', ],         # {
+    # inter-thread lockup situation
+    def once n
+      return Thread.start n do |m|
+        Thread.pass
+        next %r/#{
+          sleep m               # here
+          true
+        }/ox
+      end
+    end
+    x = once(1); y = once(0.1); z = y.value
+    z =~ "true" && $~
+  },
+
+  [ 'opt_case_dispatch', %q{ case   0 when 1.1 then false else true end }, ],
+  [ 'opt_case_dispatch', %q{ case 1.0 when 1.1 then false else true end }, ],
+
+  [ 'opt_plus',    %q{ 1 + 1 == 2 }, ],
+  if defined? $FIXNUM_MAX then
+    [ 'opt_plus',  %Q{ #{ $FIXNUM_MAX } + 1 == #{ $FIXNUM_MAX + 1 } }, ]
+  end,
+  [ 'opt_plus',    %q{ 1.0 + 1.0 == 2.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_plus',    %q{ x = +0.0.next_float; x + x >= x }, ],
+  [ 'opt_plus',    %q{ 't' + 'rue' }, ],
+  [ 'opt_plus',    %q{ ( ['t'] + ['r', ['u', ['e'], ], ] ).join }, ],
+  [ 'opt_plus',    %q{ Time.at(1) + 1 == Time.at(2) }, ],
+  [ 'opt_minus',   %q{ 1 - 1 == 0 }, ],
+  if defined? $FIXNUM_MIN then
+    [ 'opt_minus', %Q{ #{ $FIXNUM_MIN } - 1 == #{ $FIXNUM_MIN - 1 } }, ]
+  end,
+  [ 'opt_minus',   %q{ 1.0 - 1.0 == 0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_minus',   %q{ x = -0.0.prev_float; x - x == 0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_minus',   %q{ ( [false, true] - [false] )[0] }, ],
+  [ 'opt_mult',    %q{ 1 * 1 == 1 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_mult',    %q{ 1.0 * 1.0 == 1.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_mult',    %q{ x = +0.0.next_float; x * x <= x }, ],
+  [ 'opt_mult',    %q{ ( "ruet" * 3 )[7,4] }, ],
+  [ 'opt_div',     %q{ 1 / 1 == 1 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_div',     %q{ 1.0 / 1.0 == 1.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_div',     %q{ x = +0.0.next_float; x / x >= x }, ],
+  [ 'opt_div',     %q{ x = 1/2r; x / x == 1 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_mod',     %q{ 1 % 1 == 0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_mod',     %q{ 1.0 % 1.0 == 0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_mod',     %q{ x = +0.0.next_float; x % x == 0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_mod',     %q{ '%s' % [ true ] }, ],
+
+  [ 'opt_eq', %q{ 1 == 1 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_eq', <<-'},', ],       # {
+    class X; def == other; true; end; end
+    X.new == true
+  },
+  [ 'opt_neq', %q{ 1 != 0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_neq', <<-'},', ],       # {
+    class X; def != other; true; end; end
+    X.new != true
+  },
+
+  [ 'opt_lt', %q{            -1   <  0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_lt', %q{            -1.0 <  0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_lt', %q{ -0.0.prev_float <  0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_lt', %q{              ?a <  ?z }, ],
+  [ 'opt_le', %q{            -1   <= 0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_le', %q{            -1.0 <= 0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_le', %q{ -0.0.prev_float <= 0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_le', %q{              ?a <= ?z }, ],
+  [ 'opt_gt', %q{             1   >  0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_gt', %q{             1.0 >  0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_gt', %q{ +0.0.next_float >  0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_gt', %q{              ?z >  ?a }, ],
+  [ 'opt_ge', %q{             1   >= 0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_ge', %q{             1.0 >= 0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_ge', %q{ +0.0.next_float >= 0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_ge', %q{              ?z >= ?a }, ],
+
+  [ 'opt_ltlt', %q{  '' << 'true' }, ],
+  [ 'opt_ltlt', %q{ ([] << 'true').join }, ],
+  [ 'opt_ltlt', %q{ (1 << 31) == 2147483648 }, ],
+
+  [ 'opt_aref', %q{ ['true'][0] }, ],
+  [ 'opt_aref', %q{ { 0 => 'true'}[0] }, ],
+  [ 'opt_aref', %q{ 'true'[0] == ?t }, ],
+  [ 'opt_aset', %q{ [][0] = true }, ],
+  [ 'opt_aset', %q{ {}[0] = true }, ],
+  [ 'opt_aset', %q{ x = 'frue'; x[0] = 't'; x }, ],
+  [ 'opt_aset', <<-'},', ], # {
+    # opt_aref / opt_aset mixup situation
+    class X; def x; {}; end; end
+    x = X.new
+    x&.x[true] ||= true         # here
+  },
+
+  [ 'opt_aref_with', %q{ { 'true' => true }['true'] }, ],
+  [ 'opt_aref_with', %q{ Struct.new(:nil).new['nil'].nil? }, ],
+  [ 'opt_aset_with', %q{ {}['true'] = true }, ],
+  [ 'opt_aset_with', %q{ Struct.new(:true).new['true'] = true }, ],
+
+  [ 'opt_length',  %q{   'true'       .length == 4 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_length',  %q{   :true        .length == 4 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_length',  %q{ [ 'true' ]     .length == 1 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_length',  %q{ { 'true' => 1 }.length == 1 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_size',    %q{   'true'       .size   == 4 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_size',    %q{               1.size   >= 4 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_size',    %q{ [ 'true' ]     .size   == 1 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_size',    %q{ { 'true' => 1 }.size   == 1 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_empty_p', %q{ ''.empty? }, ],
+  [ 'opt_empty_p', %q{ [].empty? }, ],
+  [ 'opt_empty_p', %q{ {}.empty? }, ],
+  [ 'opt_empty_p', %q{ Queue.new.empty? }, ],
+
+  [ 'opt_succ',  %q{ 1.succ == 2 }, ],
+  if defined? $FIXNUM_MAX then
+    [ 'opt_succ',%Q{ #{ $FIXNUM_MAX }.succ == #{ $FIXNUM_MAX + 1 } }, ]
+  end,
+  [ 'opt_succ',  %q{ '1'.succ == '2' }, ],
+
+  [ 'opt_not',  %q{ ! false }, ],
+  [ 'opt_neq', <<-'},', ],       # {
+    class X; def !; true; end; end
+    ! X.new
+  },
+
+  [ 'opt_regexpmatch2',  %q{ /true/ =~ 'true' && $~ }, ],
+  [ 'opt_regexpmatch2', <<-'},', ],       # {
+    class Regexp; def =~ other; true; end; end
+    /true/ =~ 'true'
+  },
+  [ 'opt_regexpmatch2',  %q{ 'true' =~ /true/ && $~ }, ],
+  [ 'opt_regexpmatch2', <<-'},', ],       # {
+    class String; def =~ other; true; end; end
+    'true' =~ /true/
+  },
+]
+
+# normal path
+tests.compact.each do |(insn, expr, *a)|
+  if a.last.is_a?(Hash)
+    a = a.dup
+    kw = a.pop
+    assert_equal 'true', expr, insn, *a, **kw
+  else
+    assert_equal 'true', expr, insn, *a
+  end
+end
+
+# with trace
+tests.compact.each {|(insn, expr, *a)|
+  progn = "set_trace_func(proc{})\n" + expr
+  if a.last.is_a?(Hash)
+    a = a.dup
+    kw = a.pop
+    assert_equal 'true', progn, 'trace_' + insn, *a, **kw
+  else
+    assert_equal 'true', progn, 'trace_' + insn, *a
+  end
+}
+
+assert_normal_exit("#{<<-"begin;"}\n#{<<-'end;'}")
+begin;
+  RubyVM::InstructionSequence.compile("", debug_level: 5)
+end;
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_io.rb b/bootstraptest/test_io.rb
index 1d2b19368a..89c00d0b88 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_io.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_io.rb
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   STDIN.reopen(rw)
   STDIN.reopen(save)
   rw.close
-  File.unlink(tmpname) unless RUBY_PLATFORM['nacl']
+  File.unlink(tmpname)
   :ok
 }
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   STDIN.print "a"
   STDIN.reopen(save)
   rw.close
-  File.unlink(tmpname) unless RUBY_PLATFORM['nacl']
+  File.unlink(tmpname)
   :ok
 }
 
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_jump.rb b/bootstraptest/test_jump.rb
index 595aaa7c4b..18a2737ea3 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_jump.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_jump.rb
@@ -146,15 +146,16 @@ assert_equal %q{131}, %q{
     end
   }
 }
-assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
+assert_match %r{Invalid retry}, %q{
+STDERR.reopen(STDOUT)
 begin
   eval %q{
     1.times{
       retry
     }
   }
-rescue SyntaxError
-  :ok
+rescue SyntaxError => e
+  e.message
 end
 }
 assert_equal %q{3}, %q{
@@ -295,14 +296,19 @@ assert_equal "true", %q{
   s.return_eigenclass == class << s; self; end
 }, '[ruby-core:21379]'
 
-assert_equal "true", %q{
-  class Object
-    def yield_eigenclass
-      class << self
-        yield self
+assert_match %r{Invalid yield}, %q{
+STDERR.reopen(STDOUT)
+begin
+  eval %q{
+    class Object
+      def yield_eigenclass
+        class << self
+          yield self
+        end
       end
     end
-  end
-  s = "foo"
-  s.yield_eigenclass {|c| c == class << s; self; end }
-}, '[ruby-dev:40975]'
+  }
+rescue SyntaxError => e
+  e.message
+end
+}
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_literal.rb b/bootstraptest/test_literal.rb
index aa65bddae1..9b3c10d519 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_literal.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_literal.rb
@@ -15,17 +15,17 @@ assert_equal 'sym',             ':sym'
 assert_equal ':sym',            ':sym.inspect'
 assert_equal 'Symbol',          ':sym.class'
 assert_equal '1234',            '1234'
-assert_equal 'Fixnum',          '1234.class'
+assert_equal 'Integer',         '1234.class'
 assert_equal '1234',            '1_2_3_4'
-assert_equal 'Fixnum',          '1_2_3_4.class'
+assert_equal 'Integer',         '1_2_3_4.class'
 assert_equal '18',              '0x12'
-assert_equal 'Fixnum',          '0x12.class'
+assert_equal 'Integer',         '0x12.class'
 assert_equal '15',              '0o17'
-assert_equal 'Fixnum',          '0o17.class'
+assert_equal 'Integer',         '0o17.class'
 assert_equal '5',               '0b101'
-assert_equal 'Fixnum',          '0b101.class'
+assert_equal 'Integer',         '0b101.class'
 assert_equal '123456789012345678901234567890', '123456789012345678901234567890'
-assert_equal 'Bignum',          '123456789012345678901234567890.class'
+assert_equal 'Integer',         '123456789012345678901234567890.class'
 assert_equal '2.0',             '2.0'
 assert_equal 'Float',           '1.3.class'
 
@@ -65,10 +65,8 @@ assert_equal ':a3c',            ':"a#{1+2}c".inspect'
 assert_equal 'Symbol',          ':"a#{1+2}c".class'
 
 # xstring
-unless nacl?
-  assert_equal "foo\n",           %q(`echo foo`)
-  assert_equal "foo\n",           %q(s = "foo"; `echo #{s}`)
-end
+assert_equal "foo\n",           %q(`echo foo`)
+assert_equal "foo\n",           %q(s = "foo"; `echo #{s}`)
 
 # regexp
 assert_equal '',                '//.source'
@@ -99,7 +97,7 @@ assert_equal '[3]',             '[3].inspect'
 assert_equal '3',               'a = [3]; a[0]'
 assert_equal 'Array',           '[1,2].class'
 assert_equal '2',               '[1,2].size'
-assert_equal '[1, 2]',           '[1,2].inspect'
+assert_equal '[1, 2]',          '[1,2].inspect'
 assert_equal 'Array',           '[1,2,3,4,5].class'
 assert_equal '5',               '[1,2,3,4,5].size'
 assert_equal '[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]', '[1,2,3,4,5].inspect'
@@ -169,7 +167,7 @@ assert_equal 'a',               'r = ("a".."c"); r.begin'
 assert_equal 'c',               'r = ("a".."c"); r.end'
 
 assert_equal 'String',          '__FILE__.class'
-assert_equal 'Fixnum',          '__LINE__.class'
+assert_equal 'Integer',         '__LINE__.class'
 
 ###
 
@@ -225,6 +223,24 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{ #  long hash literal (optimized)
   :ok
 }
 
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{ #  Bug #15536
+  eval <<-END
+    {
+      **{
+        a0: nil, a1: nil, a2: nil, a3: nil, a4: nil, a5: nil, a6: nil, a7: nil, a8: nil,
+      },
+      a0: nil, a1: nil, a2: nil, a3: nil, a4: nil, a5: nil, a6: nil, a7: nil, a8: nil,
+      **{
+        c: nil
+      },
+      b0: nil, b1: nil, b2: nil, b3: nil, b4: nil, b5: nil, b6: nil, b7: nil, b8: nil,
+      b9: nil, b10: nil, b11: nil, b12: nil, b13: nil, b14: nil, b15: nil, b16: nil,
+      b17: nil, b18: nil, b19: nil, b20: nil, b21: nil,
+    }
+  END
+  :ok
+}
+
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   [print(:ok), exit] # void literal with side-effect
   :dummy
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_literal_suffix.rb b/bootstraptest/test_literal_suffix.rb
index 4316c9e040..c36fa7078f 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_literal_suffix.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_literal_suffix.rb
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ assert_equal '1',               '1rescue nil'
 assert_equal '10000000000000000001/10000000000000000000',
              '1.0000000000000000001r'
 
-assert_equal 'syntax error, unexpected tIDENTIFIER, expecting end-of-input',
+assert_equal 'syntax error, unexpected local variable or method, expecting end-of-input',
              %q{begin eval('1ir', nil, '', 0); rescue SyntaxError => e; e.message[/\A:(?:\d+:)? (.*)/, 1] end}
-assert_equal 'syntax error, unexpected tIDENTIFIER, expecting end-of-input',
+assert_equal 'syntax error, unexpected local variable or method, expecting end-of-input',
              %q{begin eval('1.2ir', nil, '', 0); rescue SyntaxError => e; e.message[/\A:(?:\d+:)? (.*)/, 1] end}
-assert_equal 'syntax error, unexpected tIDENTIFIER, expecting end-of-input',
+assert_equal 'syntax error, unexpected local variable or method, expecting end-of-input',
              %q{begin eval('1e1r', nil, '', 0); rescue SyntaxError => e; e.message[/\A:(?:\d+:)? (.*)/, 1] end}
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_method.rb b/bootstraptest/test_method.rb
index 0a7cb0a577..3462aa9434 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_method.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_method.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ assert_equal '1',       'def m() 1 end; m()'
 assert_equal '1',       'def m(a) a end; m(1)'
 assert_equal '[1, 2]',  'def m(a,b) [a, b] end; m(1,2)'
 assert_equal '[1, 2, 3]', 'def m(a,b,c) [a, b, c] end; m(1,2,3)'
-assert_equal 'wrong number of arguments (1 for 0)', %q{
+assert_match /\Awrong number of arguments \(.*\b1\b.* 0\)\z/, %q{
   def m; end
   begin
     m(1)
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ assert_equal 'wrong number of arguments (1 for 0)', %q{
   end
 }
 
-assert_equal 'wrong number of arguments (0 for 1)', %q{
+assert_match /\Awrong number of arguments \(.*\b0\b.* 1\)\z/, %q{
   def m a; end
   begin
     m
@@ -910,34 +910,6 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 }, '[ruby-core:11998]'
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  proc{
-    $SAFE = 2
-    class C
-      def m
-        :ok
-      end
-    end
-  }.call
-  C.new.m
-}, '[ruby-core:11998]'
-
-assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  proc{
-    $SAFE = 3
-    class C
-      def m
-        :ng
-      end
-    end
-  }.call
-  begin
-    C.new.m
-  rescue SecurityError
-    :ok
-  end
-}, '[ruby-core:11998]'
-
-assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   class B
     def m() :fail end
   end
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_objectspace.rb b/bootstraptest/test_objectspace.rb
index 862a94e376..63a8d99322 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_objectspace.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_objectspace.rb
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ assert_normal_exit %q{
 
 assert_normal_exit %q{
   ObjectSpace.define_finalizer("") do
-    Mutex.new.lock
+    Thread::Mutex.new.lock
   end
 }, '[ruby-dev:44049]'
 
@@ -44,3 +44,12 @@ assert_normal_exit %q{
     Thread.new {}
   end
 }, '[ruby-core:37858]'
+
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  objects_and_ids = 1000.times.map { o = Object.new; [o, o.object_id] }
+  objects_and_ids.each { |expected, id|
+    actual = ObjectSpace._id2ref(id)
+    raise "expected #{expected.inspect}, got #{actual.inspect}" unless actual.equal?(expected)
+  }
+  'ok'
+}
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_proc.rb b/bootstraptest/test_proc.rb
index c23394e8d2..637603243d 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_proc.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_proc.rb
@@ -224,19 +224,6 @@ assert_equal %q{[[nil, []], [1, []], [1, [2]], [1, [2, 3]]]}, %q{
   Proc.new{|a, *b| [a, b]}.call(1, 2, 3),
   ]
 }
-assert_equal %q{0}, %q{
-  pr = proc{
-    $SAFE
-  }
-  $SAFE = 1
-  pr.call
-}
-assert_equal %q{[1, 0]}, %q{
-  pr = proc{
-    $SAFE += 1
-  }
-  [pr.call, $SAFE]
-}
 assert_equal %q{1}, %q{
   def m(&b)
     b
@@ -380,8 +367,8 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   class Foo
-    def call_it
-      p = Proc.new
+    def call_it(&block)
+      p = Proc.new(&block)
       p.call
     end
   end
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_ractor.rb b/bootstraptest/test_ractor.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d920c31b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_ractor.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,1444 @@
+# Ractor.current returns a current ractor
+assert_equal 'Ractor', %q{
+  Ractor.current.class
+}
+
+# Ractor.new returns new Ractor
+assert_equal 'Ractor', %q{
+  Ractor.new{}.class
+}
+
+# Ractor.allocate is not supported
+assert_equal "[:ok, :ok]", %q{
+  rs = []
+  begin
+    Ractor.allocate
+  rescue => e
+    rs << :ok if e.message == 'allocator undefined for Ractor'
+  end
+
+  begin
+    Ractor.new{}.dup
+  rescue
+    rs << :ok if e.message == 'allocator undefined for Ractor'
+  end
+
+  rs
+}
+
+# A Ractor can have a name
+assert_equal 'test-name', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new name: 'test-name' do
+  end
+  r.name
+}
+
+# If Ractor doesn't have a name, Ractor#name returns nil.
+assert_equal 'nil', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+  end
+  r.name.inspect
+}
+
+# Raises exceptions if initialize with an invalid name
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  begin
+    r = Ractor.new(name: [{}]) {}
+  rescue TypeError => e
+    'ok'
+  end
+}
+
+# Ractor.new must call with a block
+assert_equal "must be called with a block", %q{
+  begin
+    Ractor.new
+  rescue ArgumentError => e
+    e.message
+  end
+}
+
+# Ractor#inspect
+# Return only id and status for main ractor
+assert_equal "#<Ractor:#1 running>", %q{
+  Ractor.current.inspect
+}
+
+# Return id, loc, and status for no-name ractor
+assert_match /^#<Ractor:#([^ ]*?) .+:[0-9]+ terminated>$/, %q{
+  r = Ractor.new { '' }
+  r.take
+  sleep 0.1 until r.inspect =~ /terminated/
+  r.inspect
+}
+
+# Return id, name, loc, and status for named ractor
+assert_match /^#<Ractor:#([^ ]*?) Test Ractor .+:[0-9]+ terminated>$/, %q{
+  r = Ractor.new(name: 'Test Ractor') { '' }
+  r.take
+  sleep 0.1 until r.inspect =~ /terminated/
+  r.inspect
+}
+
+# A return value of a Ractor block will be a message from the Ractor.
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  # join
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    'ok'
+  end
+  r.take
+}
+
+# Passed arguments to Ractor.new will be a block parameter
+# The values are passed with Ractor-communication pass.
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  # ping-pong with arg
+  r = Ractor.new 'ok' do |msg|
+    msg
+  end
+  r.take
+}
+
+# Pass multiple arguments to Ractor.new
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  # ping-pong with two args
+  r =  Ractor.new 'ping', 'pong' do |msg, msg2|
+    [msg, msg2]
+  end
+  'ok' if r.take == ['ping', 'pong']
+}
+
+# Ractor#send passes an object with copy to a Ractor
+# and Ractor.receive in the Ractor block can receive the passed value.
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    msg = Ractor.receive
+  end
+  r.send 'ok'
+  r.take
+}
+
+# Ractor#receive_if can filter the message
+assert_equal '[2, 3, 1]', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new Ractor.current do |main|
+    main << 1
+    main << 2
+    main << 3
+  end
+  a = []
+  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 2}
+  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 3}
+  a << Ractor.receive
+}
+
+# Ractor#receive_if with break
+assert_equal '[2, [1, :break], 3]', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new Ractor.current do |main|
+    main << 1
+    main << 2
+    main << 3
+  end
+
+  a = []
+  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 2}
+  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| break [msg, :break]}
+  a << Ractor.receive
+}
+
+# Ractor#receive_if can't be called recursively
+assert_equal '[[:e1, 1], [:e2, 2]]', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new Ractor.current do |main|
+    main << 1
+    main << 2
+    main << 3
+  end
+
+  a = []
+
+  Ractor.receive_if do |msg|
+    begin
+      Ractor.receive
+    rescue Ractor::Error
+      a << [:e1, msg]
+    end
+    true # delete 1 from queue
+  end
+
+  Ractor.receive_if do |msg|
+    begin
+      Ractor.receive_if{}
+    rescue Ractor::Error
+      a << [:e2, msg]
+    end
+    true # delete 2 from queue
+  end
+
+  a #
+}
+
+# dtoa race condition
+assert_equal '[:ok, :ok, :ok]', %q{
+  n = 3
+  n.times.map{
+    Ractor.new{
+      10_000.times{ rand.to_s }
+      :ok
+    }
+  }.map(&:take)
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable issue for locals in proc [Bug #18023]
+assert_equal '[:a, :b, :c, :d, :e]', %q{
+  v1, v2, v3, v4, v5 = :a, :b, :c, :d, :e
+  closure = Proc.new { [v1, v2, v3, v4, v5] }
+
+  Ractor.make_shareable(closure).call
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable issue for locals in proc [Bug #18023]
+assert_equal '[:a, :b, :c, :d, :e, :f, :g]', %q{
+  a = :a
+  closure = -> {
+    b, c, d = :b, :c, :d
+    -> {
+      e, f, g = :e, :f, :g
+      -> { [a, b, c, d, e, f, g] }
+    }.call
+  }.call
+
+  Ractor.make_shareable(closure).call
+}
+
+###
+###
+# Ractor still has several memory corruption so skip huge number of tests
+if ENV['GITHUB_WORKFLOW'] &&
+   ENV['GITHUB_WORKFLOW'] == 'Compilations'
+   # ignore the follow
+else
+
+# Ractor.select(*ractors) receives a values from a ractors.
+# It is similar to select(2) and Go's select syntax.
+# The return value is [ch, received_value]
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  # select 1
+  r1 = Ractor.new{'r1'}
+  r, obj = Ractor.select(r1)
+  'ok' if r == r1 and obj == 'r1'
+}
+
+# Ractor.select from two ractors.
+assert_equal '["r1", "r2"]', %q{
+  # select 2
+  r1 = Ractor.new{'r1'}
+  r2 = Ractor.new{'r2'}
+  rs = [r1, r2]
+  as = []
+  r, obj = Ractor.select(*rs)
+  rs.delete(r)
+  as << obj
+  r, obj = Ractor.select(*rs)
+  as << obj
+  as.sort #=> ["r1", "r2"]
+}
+
+# Ractor.select from multiple ractors.
+assert_equal 30.times.map { 'ok' }.to_s, %q{
+  def test n
+    rs = (1..n).map do |i|
+      Ractor.new(i) do |i|
+        "r#{i}"
+      end
+    end
+    as = []
+    all_rs = rs.dup
+
+    n.times{
+      r, obj = Ractor.select(*rs)
+      as << [r, obj]
+      rs.delete(r)
+    }
+
+    if as.map{|r, o| r.object_id}.sort == all_rs.map{|r| r.object_id}.sort &&
+       as.map{|r, o| o}.sort == (1..n).map{|i| "r#{i}"}.sort
+      'ok'
+    else
+      'ng'
+    end
+  end
+
+  30.times.map{|i|
+    test i
+  }
+} unless ENV['RUN_OPTS'] =~ /--jit-min-calls=5/ # This always fails with --jit-wait --jit-min-calls=5
+
+# Exception for empty select
+assert_match /specify at least one ractor/, %q{
+  begin
+    Ractor.select
+  rescue ArgumentError => e
+    e.message
+  end
+}
+
+# Outgoing port of a ractor will be closed when the Ractor is terminated.
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    'finish'
+  end
+
+  r.take
+  sleep 0.1 until r.inspect =~ /terminated/
+
+  begin
+    o = r.take
+  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
+    'ok'
+  else
+    "ng: #{o}"
+  end
+}
+
+# Raise Ractor::ClosedError when try to send into a terminated ractor
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+  end
+
+  r.take # closed
+  sleep 0.1 until r.inspect =~ /terminated/
+
+  begin
+    r.send(1)
+  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
+    'ok'
+  else
+    'ng'
+  end
+}
+
+# Raise Ractor::ClosedError when try to send into a closed actor
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  r.close_incoming
+
+  begin
+    r.send(1)
+  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
+    'ok'
+  else
+    'ng'
+  end
+}
+
+# Raise Ractor::ClosedError when try to take from closed actor
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    Ractor.yield 1
+    Ractor.receive
+  end
+
+  r.close_outgoing
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
+    'ok'
+  else
+    'ng'
+  end
+}
+
+# Can mix with Thread#interrupt and Ractor#take [Bug #17366]
+assert_equal 'err', %q{
+  Ractor.new{
+    t = Thread.current
+    begin
+      Thread.new{ t.raise "err" }.join
+    rescue => e
+      e.message
+    end
+  }.take
+}
+
+# Killed Ractor's thread yields nil
+assert_equal 'nil', %q{
+  Ractor.new{
+    t = Thread.current
+    Thread.new{ t.kill }.join
+  }.take.inspect #=> nil
+}
+
+# Ractor.yield raises Ractor::ClosedError when outgoing port is closed.
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new Ractor.current do |main|
+    Ractor.receive
+    main << true
+    Ractor.yield 1
+  end
+
+  r.close_outgoing
+  r << true
+  Ractor.receive
+
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
+    'ok'
+  else
+    'ng'
+  end
+}
+
+# Raise Ractor::ClosedError when try to send into a ractor with closed incoming port
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  r.close_incoming
+
+  begin
+    r.send(1)
+  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
+    'ok'
+  else
+    'ng'
+  end
+}
+
+# A ractor with closed incoming port still can send messages out
+assert_equal '[1, 2]', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    Ractor.yield 1
+    2
+  end
+  r.close_incoming
+
+  [r.take, r.take]
+}
+
+# Raise Ractor::ClosedError when try to take from a ractor with closed outgoing port
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    Ractor.yield 1
+    Ractor.receive
+  end
+
+  sleep 0.01 # wait for Ractor.yield in r
+  r.close_outgoing
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
+    'ok'
+  else
+    'ng'
+  end
+}
+
+# A ractor with closed outgoing port still can receive messages from incoming port
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    Ractor.receive
+  end
+
+  r.close_outgoing
+  begin
+    r.send(1)
+  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
+    'ng'
+  else
+    'ok'
+  end
+}
+
+# Ractor.main returns main ractor
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  Ractor.new{
+    Ractor.main
+  }.take == Ractor.current
+}
+
+# a ractor with closed outgoing port should terminate
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  Ractor.new do
+    close_outgoing
+  end
+
+  true until Ractor.count == 1
+  :ok
+}
+
+# multiple Ractors can receive (wait) from one Ractor
+assert_equal '[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]', %q{
+  pipe = Ractor.new do
+    loop do
+      Ractor.yield Ractor.receive
+    end
+  end
+
+  RN = 10
+  rs = RN.times.map{|i|
+    Ractor.new pipe, i do |pipe, i|
+      msg = pipe.take
+      msg # ping-pong
+    end
+  }
+  RN.times{|i|
+    pipe << i
+  }
+  RN.times.map{
+    r, n = Ractor.select(*rs)
+    rs.delete r
+    n
+  }.sort
+}
+
+# Ractor.select also support multiple take, receive and yield
+assert_equal '[true, true, true]', %q{
+  RN = 10
+  CR = Ractor.current
+
+  rs = (1..RN).map{
+    Ractor.new do
+      CR.send 'send' + CR.take #=> 'sendyield'
+      'take'
+    end
+  }
+  received = []
+  take = []
+  yielded = []
+  until rs.empty?
+    r, v = Ractor.select(CR, *rs, yield_value: 'yield')
+    case r
+    when :receive
+      received << v
+    when :yield
+      yielded << v
+    else
+      take << v
+      rs.delete r
+    end
+  end
+  [received.all?('sendyield'), yielded.all?(nil), take.all?('take')]
+}
+
+# multiple Ractors can send to one Ractor
+assert_equal '[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]', %q{
+  pipe = Ractor.new do
+    loop do
+      Ractor.yield Ractor.receive
+    end
+  end
+
+  RN = 10
+  RN.times.map{|i|
+    Ractor.new pipe, i do |pipe, i|
+      pipe << i
+    end
+  }
+  RN.times.map{
+    pipe.take
+  }.sort
+}
+
+# an exception in a Ractor will be re-raised at Ractor#receive
+assert_equal '[RuntimeError, "ok", true]', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    raise 'ok' # exception will be transferred receiver
+  end
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    [e.cause.class,   #=> RuntimeError
+     e.cause.message, #=> 'ok'
+     e.ractor == r]   #=> true
+  end
+}
+
+# threads in a ractor will killed
+assert_equal '{:ok=>3}', %q{
+  Ractor.new Ractor.current do |main|
+    q = Queue.new
+    Thread.new do
+      q << true
+      loop{}
+    ensure
+      main << :ok
+    end
+
+    Thread.new do
+      q << true
+      while true
+      end
+    ensure
+      main << :ok
+    end
+
+    Thread.new do
+      q << true
+      sleep 1
+    ensure
+      main << :ok
+    end
+
+    # wait for the start of all threads
+    3.times{q.pop}
+  end
+
+  3.times.map{Ractor.receive}.tally
+}
+
+# unshareable object are copied
+assert_equal 'false', %q{
+  obj = 'str'.dup
+  r = Ractor.new obj do |msg|
+    msg.object_id
+  end
+
+  obj.object_id == r.take
+}
+
+# To copy the object, now Marshal#dump is used
+assert_equal "allocator undefined for Thread", %q{
+  obj = Thread.new{}
+  begin
+    r = Ractor.new obj do |msg|
+      msg
+    end
+  rescue TypeError => e
+    e.message #=> no _dump_data is defined for class Thread
+  else
+    'ng'
+  end
+}
+
+# send shareable and unshareable objects
+assert_equal "ok", %q{
+  echo_ractor = Ractor.new do
+    loop do
+      v = Ractor.receive
+      Ractor.yield v
+    end
+  end
+
+  class C; end
+  module M; end
+  S = Struct.new(:a, :b, :c, :d)
+
+  shareable_objects = [
+    true,
+    false,
+    nil,
+    1,
+    1.1,    # Float
+    1+2r,   # Rational
+    3+4i,   # Complex
+    2**128, # Bignum
+    :sym,   # Symbol
+    'xyzzy'.to_sym, # dynamic symbol
+    'frozen'.freeze, # frozen String
+    /regexp/, # regexp literal
+    /reg{true}exp/.freeze, # frozen dregexp
+    [1, 2].freeze,   # frozen Array which only refers to shareable
+    {a: 1}.freeze,   # frozen Hash which only refers to shareable
+    [{a: 1}.freeze, 'str'.freeze].freeze, # nested frozen container
+    S.new(1, 2).freeze, # frozen Struct
+    S.new(1, 2, 3, 4).freeze, # frozen Struct
+    (1..2), # Range on Struct
+    (1..),  # Range on Struct
+    (..1),  # Range on Struct
+    C, # class
+    M, # module
+    Ractor.current, # Ractor
+  ]
+
+  unshareable_objects = [
+    'mutable str'.dup,
+    [:array],
+    {hash: true},
+    S.new(1, 2),
+    S.new(1, 2, 3, 4),
+    S.new("a", 2).freeze, # frozen, but refers to an unshareable object
+  ]
+
+  results = []
+
+  shareable_objects.map{|o|
+    echo_ractor << o
+    o2 = echo_ractor.take
+    results << "#{o} is copied" unless o.object_id == o2.object_id
+  }
+
+  unshareable_objects.map{|o|
+    echo_ractor << o
+    o2 = echo_ractor.take
+    results << "#{o.inspect} is not copied" if o.object_id == o2.object_id
+  }
+
+  if results.empty?
+    :ok
+  else
+    results.inspect
+  end
+}
+
+# frozen Objects are shareable
+assert_equal [false, true, false].inspect, %q{
+  class C
+    def initialize freeze
+      @a = 1
+      @b = :sym
+      @c = 'frozen_str'
+      @c.freeze if freeze
+      @d = true
+    end
+  end
+
+  def check obj1
+    obj2 = Ractor.new obj1 do |obj|
+      obj
+    end.take
+
+    obj1.object_id == obj2.object_id
+  end
+
+  results = []
+  results << check(C.new(true))         # false
+  results << check(C.new(true).freeze)  # true
+  results << check(C.new(false).freeze) # false
+}
+
+# move example2: String
+# touching moved object causes an error
+assert_equal 'hello world', %q{
+  # move
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    obj = Ractor.receive
+    obj << ' world'
+  end
+
+  str = 'hello'
+  r.send str, move: true
+  modified = r.take
+
+  begin
+    str << ' exception' # raise Ractor::MovedError
+  rescue Ractor::MovedError
+    modified #=> 'hello world'
+  else
+    raise 'unreachable'
+  end
+}
+
+# move example2: Array
+assert_equal '[0, 1]', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    ary = Ractor.receive
+    ary << 1
+  end
+
+  a1 = [0]
+  r.send a1, move: true
+  a2 = r.take
+  begin
+    a1 << 2 # raise Ractor::MovedError
+  rescue Ractor::MovedError
+    a2.inspect
+  end
+}
+
+# move with yield
+assert_equal 'hello', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    Thread.current.report_on_exception = false
+    obj = 'hello'
+    Ractor.yield obj, move: true
+    obj << 'world'
+  end
+
+  str = r.take
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError
+    str #=> "hello"
+  end
+}
+
+# yield/move should not make moved object when the yield is not succeeded
+assert_equal '"str"', %q{
+  R = Ractor.new{}
+  M = Ractor.current
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    s = 'str'
+    selected_r, v = Ractor.select R, yield_value: s, move: true
+    raise if selected_r != R # taken from R
+    M.send s.inspect # s should not be a moved object
+  end
+
+  Ractor.receive
+}
+
+# yield/move can fail
+assert_equal "allocator undefined for Thread", %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    obj = Thread.new{}
+    Ractor.yield obj
+  rescue => e
+    e.message
+  end
+  r.take
+}
+
+# Access to global-variables are prohibited
+assert_equal 'can not access global variables $gv from non-main Ractors', %q{
+  $gv = 1
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    $gv
+  end
+
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# Access to global-variables are prohibited
+assert_equal 'can not access global variables $gv from non-main Ractors', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    $gv = 1
+  end
+
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# $stdin,out,err is Ractor local, but shared fds
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    [$stdin, $stdout, $stderr].map{|io|
+      [io.object_id, io.fileno]
+    }
+  end
+
+  [$stdin, $stdout, $stderr].zip(r.take){|io, (oid, fno)|
+    raise "should not be different object" if io.object_id == oid
+    raise "fd should be same" unless io.fileno == fno
+  }
+  'ok'
+}
+
+# $stdin,out,err belong to Ractor
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    $stdin.itself
+    $stdout.itself
+    $stderr.itself
+    'ok'
+  end
+
+  r.take
+}
+
+# $DEBUG, $VERBOSE are Ractor local
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  $DEBUG = true
+  $VERBOSE = true
+
+  def ractor_local_globals
+    /a(b)(c)d/ =~ 'abcd' # for $~
+    `echo foo` unless  /solaris/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM
+
+    {
+     # ractor-local (derived from created ractor): debug
+     '$DEBUG' => $DEBUG,
+     '$-d' => $-d,
+
+     # ractor-local (derived from created ractor): verbose
+     '$VERBOSE' => $VERBOSE,
+     '$-w' => $-w,
+     '$-W' => $-W,
+     '$-v' => $-v,
+
+     # process-local (readonly): other commandline parameters
+     '$-p' => $-p,
+     '$-l' => $-l,
+     '$-a' => $-a,
+
+     # process-local (readonly): getpid
+     '$$'  => $$,
+
+     # thread local: process result
+     '$?'  => $?,
+
+     # scope local: match
+     '$~'  => $~.inspect,
+     '$&'  => $&,
+     '$`'  => $`,
+     '$\''  => $',
+     '$+'  => $+,
+     '$1'  => $1,
+
+     # scope local: last line
+     '$_' => $_,
+
+     # scope local: last backtrace
+     '$@' => $@,
+     '$!' => $!,
+
+     # ractor local: stdin, out, err
+     '$stdin'  => $stdin.inspect,
+     '$stdout' => $stdout.inspect,
+     '$stderr' => $stderr.inspect,
+    }
+  end
+
+  h = Ractor.new do
+    ractor_local_globals
+  end.take
+  ractor_local_globals == h #=> true
+}
+
+# selfs are different objects
+assert_equal 'false', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    self.object_id
+  end
+  r.take == self.object_id #=> false
+}
+
+# self is a Ractor instance
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    self.object_id
+  end
+  r.object_id == r.take #=> true
+}
+
+# given block Proc will be isolated, so can not access outer variables.
+assert_equal 'ArgumentError', %q{
+  begin
+    a = true
+    r = Ractor.new do
+      a
+    end
+  rescue => e
+    e.class
+  end
+}
+
+# ivar in shareable-objects are not allowed to access from non-main Ractor
+assert_equal 'can not access instance variables of classes/modules from non-main Ractors', %q{
+  class C
+    @iv = 'str'
+  end
+
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    class C
+      p @iv
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# ivar in shareable-objects are not allowed to access from non-main Ractor
+assert_equal 'can not access instance variables of shareable objects from non-main Ractors', %q{
+  shared = Ractor.new{}
+  shared.instance_variable_set(:@iv, 'str')
+
+  r = Ractor.new shared do |shared|
+    p shared.instance_variable_get(:@iv)
+  end
+
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# ivar in shareable-objects are not allowed to access from non-main Ractor, by @iv (get)
+assert_equal 'can not access instance variables of shareable objects from non-main Ractors', %q{
+  class Ractor
+    def setup
+      @foo = ''
+    end
+
+    def foo
+      @foo
+    end
+  end
+
+  shared = Ractor.new{}
+  shared.setup
+
+  r = Ractor.new shared do |shared|
+    p shared.foo
+  end
+
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# ivar in shareable-objects are not allowed to access from non-main Ractor, by @iv (set)
+assert_equal 'can not access instance variables of shareable objects from non-main Ractors', %q{
+  class Ractor
+    def setup
+      @foo = ''
+    end
+  end
+
+  shared = Ractor.new{}
+
+  r = Ractor.new shared do |shared|
+    p shared.setup
+  end
+
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# But a shareable object is frozen, it is allowed to access ivars from non-main Ractor
+assert_equal '11', %q{
+  [Object.new, [], ].map{|obj|
+    obj.instance_variable_set('@a', 1)
+    Ractor.make_shareable obj = obj.freeze
+
+    Ractor.new obj do |obj|
+      obj.instance_variable_get('@a')
+    end.take.to_s
+  }.join
+}
+
+# cvar in shareable-objects are not allowed to access from non-main Ractor
+assert_equal 'can not access class variables from non-main Ractors', %q{
+  class C
+    @@cv = 'str'
+  end
+
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    class C
+      p @@cv
+    end
+  end
+
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# Getting non-shareable objects via constants by other Ractors is not allowed
+assert_equal 'can not access non-shareable objects in constant C::CONST by non-main Ractor.', %q{
+  class C
+    CONST = 'str'
+  end
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    C::CONST
+  end
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# Constant cache should care about non-sharable constants
+assert_equal "can not access non-shareable objects in constant Object::STR by non-main Ractor.", %q{
+  STR = "hello"
+  def str; STR; end
+  s = str() # fill const cache
+  begin
+    Ractor.new{ str() }.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# Setting non-shareable objects into constants by other Ractors is not allowed
+assert_equal 'can not set constants with non-shareable objects by non-main Ractors', %q{
+  class C
+  end
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    C::CONST = 'str'
+  end
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# define_method is not allowed
+assert_equal "defined in a different Ractor", %q{
+  str = "foo"
+  define_method(:buggy){|i| str << "#{i}"}
+  begin
+    Ractor.new{buggy(10)}.take
+  rescue => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# Immutable Array and Hash are shareable, so it can be shared with constants
+assert_equal '[1000, 3]', %q{
+  A = Array.new(1000).freeze # [nil, ...]
+  H = {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}.freeze
+
+  Ractor.new{ [A.size, H.size] }.take
+}
+
+# Ractor.count
+assert_equal '[1, 4, 3, 2, 1]', %q{
+  counts = []
+  counts << Ractor.count
+  ractors = (1..3).map { Ractor.new { Ractor.receive } }
+  counts << Ractor.count
+
+  ractors[0].send('End 0').take
+  sleep 0.1 until ractors[0].inspect =~ /terminated/
+  counts << Ractor.count
+
+  ractors[1].send('End 1').take
+  sleep 0.1 until ractors[1].inspect =~ /terminated/
+  counts << Ractor.count
+
+  ractors[2].send('End 2').take
+  sleep 0.1 until ractors[2].inspect =~ /terminated/
+  counts << Ractor.count
+
+  counts.inspect
+}
+
+# ObjectSpace.each_object can not handle unshareable objects with Ractors
+assert_equal '0', %q{
+  Ractor.new{
+    n = 0
+    ObjectSpace.each_object{|o| n += 1 unless Ractor.shareable?(o)}
+    n
+  }.take
+}
+
+# ObjectSpace._id2ref can not handle unshareable objects with Ractors
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  s = 'hello'
+
+  Ractor.new s.object_id do |id ;s|
+    begin
+      s = ObjectSpace._id2ref(id)
+    rescue => e
+      :ok
+    end
+  end.take
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable(obj)
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  class C
+    def initialize
+      @a = 'foo'
+      @b = 'bar'
+    end
+
+    def freeze
+      @c = [:freeze_called]
+      super
+    end
+
+    attr_reader :a, :b, :c
+  end
+  S = Struct.new(:s1, :s2)
+  str = "hello"
+  str.instance_variable_set("@iv", "hello")
+  /a/ =~ 'a'
+  m = $~
+  class N < Numeric
+    def /(other)
+      1
+    end
+  end
+  ary = []; ary << ary
+
+  a = [[1, ['2', '3']],
+       {Object.new => "hello"},
+       C.new,
+       S.new("x", "y"),
+       ("a".."b"),
+       str,
+       ary,             # cycle
+       /regexp/,
+       /#{'r'.upcase}/,
+       m,
+       Complex(N.new,0),
+       Rational(N.new,0),
+       true,
+       false,
+       nil,
+       1, 1.2, 1+3r, 1+4i, # Numeric
+  ]
+  Ractor.make_shareable(a)
+
+  # check all frozen
+  a.each{|o|
+    raise o.inspect unless o.frozen?
+
+    case o
+    when C
+      raise o.a.inspect unless o.a.frozen?
+      raise o.b.inspect unless o.b.frozen?
+      raise o.c.inspect unless o.c.frozen? && o.c == [:freeze_called]
+    when Rational
+      raise o.numerator.inspect unless o.numerator.frozen?
+    when Complex
+      raise o.real.inspect unless o.real.frozen?
+    when Array
+      if o[0] == 1
+        raise o[1][1].inspect unless o[1][1].frozen?
+      end
+    when Hash
+      o.each{|k, v|
+        raise k.inspect unless k.frozen?
+        raise v.inspect unless v.frozen?
+      }
+    end
+  }
+
+  Ractor.shareable?(a)
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable(obj) doesn't freeze shareable objects
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new{}
+  Ractor.make_shareable(a = [r])
+  [a.frozen?, a[0].frozen?] == [true, false]
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable(a_proc) makes a proc shareable.
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  a = [1, [2, 3], {a: "4"}]
+  pr = Proc.new do
+    a
+  end
+  Ractor.make_shareable(a) # referred value should be shareable
+  Ractor.make_shareable(pr)
+  Ractor.shareable?(pr)
+}
+
+# Ractor.shareable?(recursive_objects)
+assert_equal '[false, false]', %q{
+  y = []
+  x = [y, {}].freeze
+  y << x
+  y.freeze
+  [Ractor.shareable?(x), Ractor.shareable?(y)]
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable(recursive_objects)
+assert_equal '[:ok, false, false]', %q{
+  o = Object.new
+  def o.freeze; raise; end
+  y = []
+  x = [y, o].freeze
+  y << x
+  y.freeze
+  [(Ractor.make_shareable(x) rescue :ok), Ractor.shareable?(x), Ractor.shareable?(y)]
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable with Class/Module
+assert_equal '[C, M]', %q{
+  class C; end
+  module M; end
+
+  Ractor.make_shareable(ary = [C, M])
+}
+
+# define_method() can invoke different Ractor's proc if the proc is shareable.
+assert_equal '1', %q{
+  class C
+    a = 1
+    define_method "foo", Ractor.make_shareable(Proc.new{ a })
+    a = 2
+  end
+
+  Ractor.new{ C.new.foo }.take
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable(a_proc) makes a proc shareable.
+assert_equal 'can not make a Proc shareable because it accesses outer variables (a).', %q{
+  a = b = nil
+  pr = Proc.new do
+    c = b # assign to a is okay because c is block local variable
+          # reading b is okay
+    a = b # assign to a is not allowed #=> Ractor::Error
+  end
+
+  begin
+    Ractor.make_shareable(pr)
+  rescue => e
+    e.message
+  end
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable(obj, copy: true) makes copied shareable object.
+assert_equal '[false, false, true, true]', %q{
+  r = []
+  o1 = [1, 2, ["3"]]
+
+  o2 = Ractor.make_shareable(o1, copy: true)
+  r << Ractor.shareable?(o1) # false
+  r << (o1.object_id == o2.object_id) # false
+
+  o3 = Ractor.make_shareable(o1)
+  r << Ractor.shareable?(o1) # true
+  r << (o1.object_id == o3.object_id) # false
+  r
+}
+
+# TracePoint with normal Proc should be Ractor local
+assert_equal '[4, 8]', %q{
+  rs = []
+  TracePoint.new(:line){|tp| rs << tp.lineno if tp.path == __FILE__}.enable do
+    Ractor.new{ # line 4
+      a = 1
+      b = 2
+    }.take
+    c = 3       # line 8
+  end
+  rs
+}
+
+# Ractor deep copies frozen objects (ary)
+assert_equal '[true, false]', %q{
+  Ractor.new([[]].freeze) { |ary|
+    [ary.frozen?, ary.first.frozen? ]
+  }.take
+}
+
+# Ractor deep copies frozen objects (str)
+assert_equal '[true, false]', %q{
+  s = String.new.instance_eval { @x = []; freeze}
+  Ractor.new(s) { |s|
+    [s.frozen?, s.instance_variable_get(:@x).frozen?]
+  }.take
+}
+
+# Can not trap with not isolated Proc on non-main ractor
+assert_equal '[:ok, :ok]', %q{
+  a = []
+  Ractor.new{
+    trap(:INT){p :ok}
+  }.take
+  a << :ok
+
+  begin
+    Ractor.new{
+      s = 'str'
+      trap(:INT){p s}
+    }.take
+  rescue => Ractor::RemoteError
+    a << :ok
+  end
+}
+
+# Ractor-local storage
+assert_equal '[nil, "b", "a"]', %q{
+  ans = []
+  Ractor.current[:key] = 'a'
+  r = Ractor.new{
+    Ractor.yield self[:key]
+    self[:key] = 'b'
+    self[:key]
+  }
+  ans << r.take
+  ans << r.take
+  ans << Ractor.current[:key]
+}
+
+###
+### Synchronization tests
+###
+
+N = 100_000
+
+# fstring pool
+assert_equal "#{N}#{N}", %Q{
+  N = #{N}
+  2.times.map{
+    Ractor.new{
+      N.times{|i| -(i.to_s)}
+    }
+  }.map{|r| r.take}.join
+}
+
+# enc_table
+assert_equal "#{N/10}", %Q{
+  Ractor.new do
+    loop do
+      Encoding.find("test-enc-#{rand(5_000)}").inspect
+    rescue ArgumentError => e
+    end
+  end
+
+  src = Encoding.find("UTF-8")
+  #{N/10}.times{|i|
+    src.replicate("test-enc-\#{i}")
+  }
+}
+
+# Generic ivtbl
+n = N/2
+assert_equal "#{n}#{n}", %Q{
+  2.times.map{
+    Ractor.new do
+      #{n}.times do
+        obj = ''
+        obj.instance_variable_set("@a", 1)
+        obj.instance_variable_set("@b", 1)
+        obj.instance_variable_set("@c", 1)
+        obj.instance_variable_defined?("@a")
+      end
+    end
+  }.map{|r| r.take}.join
+}
+
+# NameError
+assert_equal "ok", %q{
+  begin
+    bar
+  rescue => err
+  end
+  begin
+    Ractor.new{} << err
+  rescue TypeError
+    'ok'
+  end
+}
+
+# Can yield back values while GC is sweeping [Bug #18117]
+assert_equal "ok", %q{
+  workers = (0...8).map do
+    Ractor.new do
+      loop do
+        10_000.times.map { Object.new }
+        Ractor.yield Time.now
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  1_000.times { idle_worker, tmp_reporter = Ractor.select(*workers) }
+  "ok"
+}
+
+end # if !ENV['GITHUB_WORKFLOW']
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_syntax.rb b/bootstraptest/test_syntax.rb
index 80eaa6416d..fa27bf2aeb 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_syntax.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_syntax.rb
@@ -268,8 +268,10 @@ assert_equal %q{}, %q{
   defined?(@@a)
 }
 assert_equal %q{class variable}, %q{
-  @@a = 1
-  defined?(@@a)
+  class A
+    @@a = 1
+    defined?(@@a)
+  end
 }
 assert_equal %q{}, %q{
   defined?($a)
@@ -376,6 +378,8 @@ assert_equal %q{1}, %q{1 or 2 or 3 or 4}
 assert_equal %q{1}, %q{1 or false or 3 or 4}
 assert_equal %q{2}, %q{nil or 2 or 3 or 4}
 assert_equal %q{2}, %q{false or 2 or 3 or 4}
+assert_equal %q{1}, %q{if true && ""; then 1; end}
+assert_equal %q{1}, %q{if nil || true; then 1; end}
 assert_equal %q{false}, %q{nil or false or nil or false}
 assert_equal %q{elseng}, %q{
   case
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_thread.rb b/bootstraptest/test_thread.rb
index d64f44be49..38a55ff229 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_thread.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_thread.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,14 @@
-# Thread and Fiber
+show_limit %q{
+  threads = []
+  begin
+    threads << Thread.new{sleep}
+
+    raise Exception, "skipping" if threads.count >= 10_000
+  rescue Exception => error
+    puts "Thread count: #{threads.count} (#{error})"
+    break
+  end while true
+} if false # disable to pass CI
 
 assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
   Thread.new{
@@ -25,8 +35,9 @@ rescue ThreadError => e
   :ok if /can't create Thread/ =~ e.message
 end
 }
-assert_equal %q{5000}, %q{
-  5000.times{|e|
+assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
+begin
+  :ok if 5000 == 5000.times{|e|
     (1..2).map{
       Thread.new{
       }
@@ -34,9 +45,13 @@ assert_equal %q{5000}, %q{
       e.join()
     }
   }
+rescue ThreadError => e
+  /can't create Thread/ =~ e.message ? :ok : e.message
+end
 }
-assert_equal %q{5000}, %q{
-  5000.times{|e|
+assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
+begin
+  :ok if 5000 == 5000.times{|e|
     (1..2).map{
       Thread.new{
       }
@@ -44,6 +59,9 @@ assert_equal %q{5000}, %q{
       e.join(1000000000)
     }
   }
+rescue ThreadError => e
+  /can't create Thread/ =~ e.message ? :ok : e.message
+end
 }
 assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
 begin
@@ -291,10 +309,6 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 }, '[ruby-dev:34492]'
 
 assert_normal_exit %q{
-  at_exit { Fiber.new{}.resume }
-}
-
-assert_normal_exit %q{
   g = enum_for(:local_variables)
   loop { g.next }
 }, '[ruby-dev:34128]'
@@ -320,10 +334,6 @@ assert_normal_exit %q{
 }, '[ruby-dev:34128]'
 
 assert_normal_exit %q{
-  Fiber.new(&Object.method(:class_eval)).resume("foo")
-}, '[ruby-dev:34128]'
-
-assert_normal_exit %q{
   Thread.new("foo", &Object.method(:class_eval)).join
 }, '[ruby-dev:34128]'
 
@@ -339,7 +349,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   begin
-    m1, m2 = Mutex.new, Mutex.new
+    m1, m2 = Thread::Mutex.new, Thread::Mutex.new
     f1 = f2 = false
     Thread.new { m1.lock; f2 = true; sleep 0.001 until f1; m2.lock }
     m2.lock; f1 = true; sleep 0.001 until f2; m1.lock
@@ -350,32 +360,32 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 }
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  m = Mutex.new
+  m = Thread::Mutex.new
   Thread.new { m.lock }; sleep 0.1; m.lock
   :ok
 }
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  m = Mutex.new
+  m = Thread::Mutex.new
   Thread.new { m.lock }; m.lock
   :ok
 }
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  m = Mutex.new
+  m = Thread::Mutex.new
   Thread.new { m.lock }.join; m.lock
   :ok
 }
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  m = Mutex.new
+  m = Thread::Mutex.new
   Thread.new { m.lock; sleep 0.2 }
   sleep 0.1; m.lock
   :ok
 }
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  m = Mutex.new
+  m = Thread::Mutex.new
   Thread.new { m.lock; sleep 0.2; m.unlock }
   sleep 0.1; m.lock
   :ok
@@ -401,7 +411,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %{
   open("zzz.rb", "w") do |f|
     f.puts <<-'end;' # do
       begin
-        m = Mutex.new
+        m = Thread::Mutex.new
         parent = Thread.current
         th1 = Thread.new { m.lock; sleep }
         sleep 0.01 until th1.stop?
@@ -429,8 +439,8 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %{
 assert_finish 3, %q{
   require 'thread'
 
-  lock = Mutex.new
-  cond = ConditionVariable.new
+  lock = Thread::Mutex.new
+  cond = Thread::ConditionVariable.new
   t = Thread.new do
     lock.synchronize do
       cond.wait(lock)
@@ -474,3 +484,17 @@ assert_equal 'foo', %q{
   GC.start
   f.call.source
 }
+assert_normal_exit %q{
+  class C
+    def inspect
+      sleep 0.5
+      'C!!'
+    end
+  end
+  Thread.new{
+    loop{
+      p C.new
+    }
+  }
+  sleep 0.1
+}, timeout: 5
diff --git a/builtin.c b/builtin.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c3653dab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin.c
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "vm_core.h"
+#include "iseq.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+
+#if CROSS_COMPILING
+
+#define INCLUDED_BY_BUILTIN_C 1
+#include "mini_builtin.c"
+
+#else
+
+#include "builtin_binary.inc"
+
+static const unsigned char *
+bin4feature(const struct builtin_binary *bb, const char *feature, size_t *psize)
+{
+    *psize = bb->bin_size;
+    return strcmp(bb->feature, feature) ? NULL : bb->bin;
+}
+
+static const unsigned char*
+builtin_lookup(const char *feature, size_t *psize)
+{
+    static int index = 0;
+    const unsigned char *bin = bin4feature(&builtin_binary[index++], feature, psize);
+
+    // usually, `builtin_binary` order is loading order at miniruby.
+    for (const struct builtin_binary *bb = &builtin_binary[0]; bb->feature &&! bin; bb++) {
+        bin = bin4feature(bb++, feature, psize);
+    }
+    return bin;
+}
+
+void
+rb_load_with_builtin_functions(const char *feature_name, const struct rb_builtin_function *table)
+{
+    // search binary
+    size_t size;
+    const unsigned char *bin = builtin_lookup(feature_name, &size);
+    if (! bin) {
+        rb_bug("builtin_lookup: can not find %s\n", feature_name);
+    }
+
+    // load binary
+    rb_vm_t *vm = GET_VM();
+    if (vm->builtin_function_table != NULL) rb_bug("vm->builtin_function_table should be NULL.");
+    vm->builtin_function_table = table;
+    vm->builtin_inline_index = 0;
+    const rb_iseq_t *iseq = rb_iseq_ibf_load_bytes((const char *)bin, size);
+    vm->builtin_function_table = NULL;
+
+    // exec
+    rb_iseq_eval(rb_iseq_check(iseq));
+}
+
+#endif
+
+void
+Init_builtin(void)
+{
+    // nothing
+}
+
+void
+Init_builtin_features(void)
+{
+    rb_load_with_builtin_functions("gem_prelude", NULL);
+}
diff --git a/builtin.h b/builtin.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b2f477654
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin.h
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#ifndef BUILTIN_H_INCLUDED
+#define BUILTIN_H_INCLUDED
+
+// invoke
+
+struct rb_builtin_function {
+    // for invocation
+    const void * const func_ptr;
+    const int argc;
+
+    // for load
+    const int index;
+    const char * const name;
+
+    // for jit
+    void (*compiler)(FILE *, long, unsigned, bool);
+};
+
+#define RB_BUILTIN_FUNCTION(_i, _name, _fname, _arity, _compiler) {\
+  .name = #_name, \
+  .func_ptr = (void *)_fname, \
+  .argc = _arity, \
+  .index = _i, \
+  .compiler = _compiler, \
+}
+
+void rb_load_with_builtin_functions(const char *feature_name, const struct rb_builtin_function *table);
+
+#ifndef rb_execution_context_t
+typedef struct rb_execution_context_struct rb_execution_context_t;
+#define rb_execution_context_t rb_execution_context_t
+#endif
+
+/* The following code is generated by the following Ruby script:
+
+16.times{|i|
+  args = (i > 0 ? ', ' : '') + (0...i).map{"VALUE"}.join(', ')
+  puts "static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity#{i}(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self#{args})){}"
+}
+*/
+
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity0(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity1(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity2(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity3(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity4(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity5(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity6(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity7(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity8(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity9(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity10(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity11(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity12(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity13(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity14(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity15(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+
+VALUE rb_vm_lvar_exposed(rb_execution_context_t *ec, int index);
+
+// __builtin_inline!
+
+PUREFUNC(static inline VALUE rb_vm_lvar(rb_execution_context_t *ec, int index));
+
+static inline VALUE
+rb_vm_lvar(rb_execution_context_t *ec, int index)
+{
+#if VM_CORE_H_EC_DEFINED
+    return ec->cfp->ep[index];
+#else
+    return rb_vm_lvar_exposed(ec, index);
+#endif
+}
+
+// dump/load
+
+struct builtin_binary {
+    const char *feature;          // feature name
+    const unsigned char *bin;     // binary by ISeq#to_binary
+    size_t bin_size;
+};
+
+#endif // BUILTIN_H_INCLUDED
diff --git a/ccan/list/list.h b/ccan/list/list.h
index 749db7849a..7d219307bc 100644
--- a/ccan/list/list.h
+++ b/ccan/list/list.h
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ struct list_head
 };
 
 #define LIST_LOC __FILE__  ":" stringify(__LINE__)
-#define list_debug(h, loc) (h)
-#define list_debug_node(n, loc) (n)
+#define list_debug(h, loc) ((void)loc, h)
+#define list_debug_node(n, loc) ((void)loc, n)
 
 /**
  * LIST_HEAD_INIT - initializer for an empty list_head
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ struct list_head
  * Example:
  *	static struct list_head my_list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(my_list);
  */
-#define LIST_HEAD_INIT(name) { { &name.n, &name.n } }
+#define LIST_HEAD_INIT(name) { { &(name).n, &(name).n } }
 
 /**
  * LIST_HEAD - define and initialize an empty list_head
@@ -104,6 +104,36 @@ static inline void list_node_init(struct list_node *n)
 }
 
 /**
+ * list_add_after - add an entry after an existing node in a linked list
+ * @h: the list_head to add the node to (for debugging)
+ * @p: the existing list_node to add the node after
+ * @n: the new list_node to add to the list.
+ *
+ * The existing list_node must already be a member of the list.
+ * The new list_node does not need to be initialized; it will be overwritten.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	struct child c1, c2, c3;
+ *	LIST_HEAD(h);
+ *
+ *	list_add_tail(&h, &c1.list);
+ *	list_add_tail(&h, &c3.list);
+ *	list_add_after(&h, &c1.list, &c2.list);
+ */
+#define list_add_after(h, p, n) list_add_after_(h, p, n, LIST_LOC)
+static inline void list_add_after_(struct list_head *h,
+				   struct list_node *p,
+				   struct list_node *n,
+				   const char *abortstr)
+{
+	n->next = p->next;
+	n->prev = p;
+	p->next->prev = n;
+	p->next = n;
+	(void)list_debug(h, abortstr);
+}
+
+/**
  * list_add - add an entry at the start of a linked list.
  * @h: the list_head to add the node to
  * @n: the list_node to add to the list.
@@ -121,10 +151,34 @@ static inline void list_add_(struct list_head *h,
 			     struct list_node *n,
 			     const char *abortstr)
 {
-	n->next = h->n.next;
-	n->prev = &h->n;
-	h->n.next->prev = n;
-	h->n.next = n;
+	list_add_after_(h, &h->n, n, abortstr);
+}
+
+/**
+ * list_add_before - add an entry before an existing node in a linked list
+ * @h: the list_head to add the node to (for debugging)
+ * @p: the existing list_node to add the node before
+ * @n: the new list_node to add to the list.
+ *
+ * The existing list_node must already be a member of the list.
+ * The new list_node does not need to be initialized; it will be overwritten.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	list_head_init(&h);
+ *	list_add_tail(&h, &c1.list);
+ *	list_add_tail(&h, &c3.list);
+ *	list_add_before(&h, &c3.list, &c2.list);
+ */
+#define list_add_before(h, p, n) list_add_before_(h, p, n, LIST_LOC)
+static inline void list_add_before_(struct list_head *h,
+				    struct list_node *p,
+				    struct list_node *n,
+				    const char *abortstr)
+{
+	n->next = p;
+	n->prev = p->prev;
+	p->prev->next = n;
+	p->prev = n;
 	(void)list_debug(h, abortstr);
 }
 
@@ -143,11 +197,7 @@ static inline void list_add_tail_(struct list_head *h,
 				  struct list_node *n,
 				  const char *abortstr)
 {
-	n->next = &h->n;
-	n->prev = h->n.prev;
-	h->n.prev->next = n;
-	h->n.prev = n;
-	(void)list_debug(h, abortstr);
+	list_add_before_(h, &h->n, n, abortstr);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -188,6 +238,21 @@ static inline int list_empty_nodebug(const struct list_head *h)
 #endif
 
 /**
+ * list_empty_nocheck - is a list empty?
+ * @h: the list_head
+ *
+ * If the list is empty, returns true. This doesn't perform any
+ * debug check for list consistency, so it can be called without
+ * locks, racing with the list being modified. This is ok for
+ * checks where an incorrect result is not an issue (optimized
+ * bail out path for example).
+ */
+static inline bool list_empty_nocheck(const struct list_head *h)
+{
+	return h->n.next == &h->n;
+}
+
+/**
  * list_del - delete an entry from an (unknown) linked list.
  * @n: the list_node to delete from the list.
  *
@@ -265,6 +330,39 @@ static inline void list_del_from(struct list_head *h, struct list_node *n)
 }
 
 /**
+ * list_swap - swap out an entry from an (unknown) linked list for a new one.
+ * @o: the list_node to replace from the list.
+ * @n: the list_node to insert in place of the old one.
+ *
+ * Note that this leaves @o in an undefined state; it can be added to
+ * another list, but not deleted/swapped again.
+ *
+ * See also:
+ *	list_del()
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	struct child x1, x2;
+ *	LIST_HEAD(xh);
+ *
+ *	list_add(&xh, &x1.list);
+ *	list_swap(&x1.list, &x2.list);
+ */
+#define list_swap(o, n) list_swap_(o, n, LIST_LOC)
+static inline void list_swap_(struct list_node *o,
+			      struct list_node *n,
+			      const char* abortstr)
+{
+	(void)list_debug_node(o, abortstr);
+	*n = *o;
+	n->next->prev = n;
+	n->prev->next = n;
+#ifdef CCAN_LIST_DEBUG
+	/* Catch use-after-del. */
+	o->next = o->prev = NULL;
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
  * list_entry - convert a list_node back into the structure containing it.
  * @n: the list_node
  * @type: the type of the entry
@@ -385,9 +483,29 @@ static inline const void *list_tail_(const struct list_head *h, size_t off)
  *		printf("Name: %s\n", child->name);
  */
 #define list_for_each_rev(h, i, member)					\
-	for (i = container_of_var(list_debug(h,	LIST_LOC)->n.prev, i, member); \
-	     &i->member != &(h)->n;					\
-	     i = container_of_var(i->member.prev, i, member))
+	list_for_each_rev_off(h, i, list_off_var_(i, member))
+
+/**
+ * list_for_each_rev_safe - iterate through a list backwards,
+ * maybe during deletion
+ * @h: the list_head
+ * @i: the structure containing the list_node
+ * @nxt: the structure containing the list_node
+ * @member: the list_node member of the structure
+ *
+ * This is a convenient wrapper to iterate @i over the entire list backwards.
+ * It's a for loop, so you can break and continue as normal.  The extra
+ * variable * @nxt is used to hold the next element, so you can delete @i
+ * from the list.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	struct child *next;
+ *	list_for_each_rev_safe(&parent->children, child, next, list) {
+ *		printf("Name: %s\n", child->name);
+ *	}
+ */
+#define list_for_each_rev_safe(h, i, nxt, member)			\
+	list_for_each_rev_safe_off(h, i, nxt, list_off_var_(i, member))
 
 /**
  * list_for_each_safe - iterate through a list, maybe during deletion
@@ -401,7 +519,6 @@ static inline const void *list_tail_(const struct list_head *h, size_t off)
  * @nxt is used to hold the next element, so you can delete @i from the list.
  *
  * Example:
- *	struct child *next;
  *	list_for_each_safe(&parent->children, child, next, list) {
  *		list_del(&child->list);
  *		parent->num_children--;
@@ -516,10 +633,28 @@ static inline void list_prepend_list_(struct list_head *to,
 	list_head_init(from);
 }
 
+/* internal macros, do not use directly */
+#define list_for_each_off_dir_(h, i, off, dir)				\
+	for (i = list_node_to_off_(list_debug(h, LIST_LOC)->n.dir,	\
+				   (off));				\
+	list_node_from_off_((void *)i, (off)) != &(h)->n;		\
+	i = list_node_to_off_(list_node_from_off_((void *)i, (off))->dir, \
+			      (off)))
+
+#define list_for_each_safe_off_dir_(h, i, nxt, off, dir)		\
+	for (i = list_node_to_off_(list_debug(h, LIST_LOC)->n.dir,	\
+				   (off)),				\
+	nxt = list_node_to_off_(list_node_from_off_(i, (off))->dir,	\
+				(off));					\
+	list_node_from_off_(i, (off)) != &(h)->n;			\
+	i = nxt,							\
+	nxt = list_node_to_off_(list_node_from_off_(i, (off))->dir,	\
+				(off)))
+
 /**
  * list_for_each_off - iterate through a list of memory regions.
  * @h: the list_head
- * @i: the pointer to a memory region wich contains list node data.
+ * @i: the pointer to a memory region which contains list node data.
  * @off: offset(relative to @i) at which list node data resides.
  *
  * This is a low-level wrapper to iterate @i over the entire list, used to
@@ -527,12 +662,12 @@ static inline void list_prepend_list_(struct list_head *to,
  * so you can break and continue as normal.
  *
  * WARNING! Being the low-level macro that it is, this wrapper doesn't know
- * nor care about the type of @i. The only assumtion made is that @i points
+ * nor care about the type of @i. The only assumption made is that @i points
  * to a chunk of memory that at some @offset, relative to @i, contains a
- * properly filled `struct node_list' which in turn contains pointers to
- * memory chunks and it's turtles all the way down. Whith all that in mind
+ * properly filled `struct list_node' which in turn contains pointers to
+ * memory chunks and it's turtles all the way down. With all that in mind
  * remember that given the wrong pointer/offset couple this macro will
- * happilly churn all you memory untill SEGFAULT stops it, in other words
+ * happily churn all you memory until SEGFAULT stops it, in other words
  * caveat emptor.
  *
  * It is worth mentioning that one of legitimate use-cases for that wrapper
@@ -546,17 +681,24 @@ static inline void list_prepend_list_(struct list_head *to,
  *		printf("Name: %s\n", child->name);
  */
 #define list_for_each_off(h, i, off)                                    \
-	for (i = list_node_to_off_(list_debug(h, LIST_LOC)->n.next,	\
-				   (off));				\
-       list_node_from_off_((void *)i, (off)) != &(h)->n;                \
-       i = list_node_to_off_(list_node_from_off_((void *)i, (off))->next, \
-                             (off)))
+	list_for_each_off_dir_((h),(i),(off),next)
+
+/**
+ * list_for_each_rev_off - iterate through a list of memory regions backwards
+ * @h: the list_head
+ * @i: the pointer to a memory region which contains list node data.
+ * @off: offset(relative to @i) at which list node data resides.
+ *
+ * See list_for_each_off for details
+ */
+#define list_for_each_rev_off(h, i, off)                                    \
+	list_for_each_off_dir_((h),(i),(off),prev)
 
 /**
  * list_for_each_safe_off - iterate through a list of memory regions, maybe
  * during deletion
  * @h: the list_head
- * @i: the pointer to a memory region wich contains list node data.
+ * @i: the pointer to a memory region which contains list node data.
  * @nxt: the structure containing the list_node
  * @off: offset(relative to @i) at which list node data resides.
  *
@@ -569,15 +711,26 @@ static inline void list_prepend_list_(struct list_head *to,
  *		printf("Name: %s\n", child->name);
  */
 #define list_for_each_safe_off(h, i, nxt, off)                          \
-	for (i = list_node_to_off_(list_debug(h, LIST_LOC)->n.next,	\
-				   (off)),				\
-         nxt = list_node_to_off_(list_node_from_off_(i, (off))->next,   \
-                                 (off));                                \
-       list_node_from_off_(i, (off)) != &(h)->n;                        \
-       i = nxt,                                                         \
-         nxt = list_node_to_off_(list_node_from_off_(i, (off))->next,   \
-                                 (off)))
+	list_for_each_safe_off_dir_((h),(i),(nxt),(off),next)
 
+/**
+ * list_for_each_rev_safe_off - iterate backwards through a list of
+ * memory regions, maybe during deletion
+ * @h: the list_head
+ * @i: the pointer to a memory region which contains list node data.
+ * @nxt: the structure containing the list_node
+ * @off: offset(relative to @i) at which list node data resides.
+ *
+ * For details see `list_for_each_rev_off' and `list_for_each_rev_safe'
+ * descriptions.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	list_for_each_rev_safe_off(&parent->children, child,
+ *		next, offsetof(struct child, list))
+ *		printf("Name: %s\n", child->name);
+ */
+#define list_for_each_rev_safe_off(h, i, nxt, off)                      \
+	list_for_each_safe_off_dir_((h),(i),(nxt),(off),prev)
 
 /* Other -off variants. */
 #define list_entry_off(n, type, off)		\
diff --git a/class.c b/class.c
index 11a0f52998..682a21d488 100644
--- a/class.c
+++ b/class.c
@@ -23,15 +23,27 @@
  * \{
  */
 
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#include "gc.h"
+#include "constant.h"
+#include "id_table.h"
 #include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/class.h"
+#include "internal/eval.h"
+#include "internal/hash.h"
+#include "internal/object.h"
+#include "internal/string.h"
+#include "internal/variable.h"
 #include "ruby/st.h"
-#include "method.h"
-#include "constant.h"
 #include "vm_core.h"
-#include <ctype.h>
 
 #define id_attached id__attached__
 
+#define METACLASS_OF(k) RBASIC(k)->klass
+#define SET_METACLASS_OF(k, cls) RBASIC_SET_CLASS(k, cls)
+
 void
 rb_class_subclass_add(VALUE super, VALUE klass)
 {
@@ -110,7 +122,7 @@ rb_class_remove_from_module_subclasses(VALUE klass)
 }
 
 void
-rb_class_foreach_subclass(VALUE klass, void(*f)(VALUE))
+rb_class_foreach_subclass(VALUE klass, void (*f)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE arg)
 {
     rb_subclass_entry_t *cur = RCLASS_EXT(klass)->subclasses;
 
@@ -119,20 +131,32 @@ rb_class_foreach_subclass(VALUE klass, void(*f)(VALUE))
     while (cur) {
 	VALUE curklass = cur->klass;
 	cur = cur->next;
-	f(curklass);
+	f(curklass, arg);
     }
 }
 
+static void
+class_detach_subclasses(VALUE klass, VALUE arg)
+{
+    rb_class_remove_from_super_subclasses(klass);
+}
+
 void
 rb_class_detach_subclasses(VALUE klass)
 {
-    rb_class_foreach_subclass(klass, rb_class_remove_from_super_subclasses);
+    rb_class_foreach_subclass(klass, class_detach_subclasses, Qnil);
+}
+
+static void
+class_detach_module_subclasses(VALUE klass, VALUE arg)
+{
+    rb_class_remove_from_module_subclasses(klass);
 }
 
 void
 rb_class_detach_module_subclasses(VALUE klass)
 {
-    rb_class_foreach_subclass(klass, rb_class_remove_from_module_subclasses);
+    rb_class_foreach_subclass(klass, class_detach_module_subclasses, Qnil);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -151,24 +175,30 @@ static VALUE
 class_alloc(VALUE flags, VALUE klass)
 {
     NEWOBJ_OF(obj, struct RClass, klass, (flags & T_MASK) | FL_PROMOTED1 /* start from age == 2 */ | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_CLASS ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0));
-    obj->ptr = ALLOC(rb_classext_t);
-    RCLASS_IV_TBL(obj) = 0;
-    RCLASS_CONST_TBL(obj) = 0;
-    RCLASS_M_TBL_WRAPPER(obj) = 0;
-    RCLASS_SET_SUPER((VALUE)obj, 0);
-    RCLASS_ORIGIN(obj) = (VALUE)obj;
-    RCLASS_IV_INDEX_TBL(obj) = 0;
-
-    RCLASS_EXT(obj)->subclasses = NULL;
-    RCLASS_EXT(obj)->parent_subclasses = NULL;
-    RCLASS_EXT(obj)->module_subclasses = NULL;
+    obj->ptr = ZALLOC(rb_classext_t);
+    /* ZALLOC
+      RCLASS_IV_TBL(obj) = 0;
+      RCLASS_CONST_TBL(obj) = 0;
+      RCLASS_M_TBL(obj) = 0;
+      RCLASS_IV_INDEX_TBL(obj) = 0;
+      RCLASS_SET_SUPER((VALUE)obj, 0);
+      RCLASS_EXT(obj)->subclasses = NULL;
+      RCLASS_EXT(obj)->parent_subclasses = NULL;
+      RCLASS_EXT(obj)->module_subclasses = NULL;
+     */
+    RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN((VALUE)obj, (VALUE)obj);
     RCLASS_SERIAL(obj) = rb_next_class_serial();
-
-    RCLASS_REFINED_CLASS(obj) = Qnil;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(obj, &RCLASS_REFINED_CLASS(obj), Qnil);
     RCLASS_EXT(obj)->allocator = 0;
+
     return (VALUE)obj;
 }
 
+static void
+RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(VALUE c)
+{
+    RCLASS_M_TBL(c) = rb_id_table_create(0);
+}
 
 /*!
  * A utility function that wraps class_alloc.
@@ -187,7 +217,6 @@ rb_class_boot(VALUE super)
     RCLASS_SET_SUPER(klass, super);
     RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(klass);
 
-    OBJ_INFECT(klass, super);
     return (VALUE)klass;
 }
 
@@ -202,8 +231,8 @@ void
 rb_check_inheritable(VALUE super)
 {
     if (!RB_TYPE_P(super, T_CLASS)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "superclass must be a Class (%s given)",
-		 rb_obj_classname(super));
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "superclass must be an instance of Class (given an instance of %"PRIsVALUE")",
+		 rb_obj_class(super));
     }
     if (RBASIC(super)->flags & FL_SINGLETON) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't make subclass of singleton class");
@@ -229,34 +258,34 @@ rb_class_new(VALUE super)
 }
 
 static void
-clone_method(VALUE klass, ID mid, const rb_method_entry_t *me)
-{
-    VALUE newiseqval;
-    if (me->def && me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_ISEQ) {
-	rb_iseq_t *iseq;
-	NODE *new_cref;
-	newiseqval = rb_iseq_clone(me->def->body.iseq->self, klass);
-	GetISeqPtr(newiseqval, iseq);
-	rb_vm_rewrite_cref_stack(me->def->body.iseq->cref_stack, me->klass, klass, &new_cref);
-	RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq->self, &iseq->cref_stack, new_cref);
-	rb_add_method(klass, mid, VM_METHOD_TYPE_ISEQ, iseq, me->flag);
-	RB_GC_GUARD(newiseqval);
+clone_method(VALUE old_klass, VALUE new_klass, ID mid, const rb_method_entry_t *me)
+{
+    if (me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_ISEQ) {
+	rb_cref_t *new_cref;
+	rb_vm_rewrite_cref(me->def->body.iseq.cref, old_klass, new_klass, &new_cref);
+	rb_add_method_iseq(new_klass, mid, me->def->body.iseq.iseqptr, new_cref, METHOD_ENTRY_VISI(me));
     }
     else {
-	rb_method_entry_set(klass, mid, me, me->flag);
+	rb_method_entry_set(new_klass, mid, me, METHOD_ENTRY_VISI(me));
     }
 }
 
-static int
-clone_method_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data)
+struct clone_method_arg {
+    VALUE new_klass;
+    VALUE old_klass;
+};
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+clone_method_i(ID key, VALUE value, void *data)
 {
-    clone_method((VALUE)data, (ID)key, (const rb_method_entry_t *)value);
-    return ST_CONTINUE;
+    const struct clone_method_arg *arg = (struct clone_method_arg *)data;
+    clone_method(arg->old_klass, arg->new_klass, key, (const rb_method_entry_t *)value);
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 struct clone_const_arg {
     VALUE klass;
-    st_table *tbl;
+    struct rb_id_table *tbl;
 };
 
 static int
@@ -267,14 +296,14 @@ clone_const(ID key, const rb_const_entry_t *ce, struct clone_const_arg *arg)
     RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(arg->klass, Qundef, ce->value);
     RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(arg->klass, Qundef, ce->file);
 
-    st_insert(arg->tbl, key, (st_data_t)nce);
-    return ST_CONTINUE;
+    rb_id_table_insert(arg->tbl, key, (VALUE)nce);
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
 }
 
-static int
-clone_const_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data)
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+clone_const_i(ID key, VALUE value, void *data)
 {
-    return clone_const((ID)key, (const rb_const_entry_t *)value, (struct clone_const_arg *)data);
+    return clone_const(key, (const rb_const_entry_t *)value, data);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -291,20 +320,9 @@ class_init_copy_check(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
     }
 }
 
-/* :nodoc: */
-VALUE
-rb_mod_init_copy(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
+static void
+copy_tables(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
 {
-    if (RB_TYPE_P(clone, T_CLASS)) {
-	class_init_copy_check(clone, orig);
-    }
-    if (!OBJ_INIT_COPY(clone, orig)) return clone;
-    if (!FL_TEST(CLASS_OF(clone), FL_SINGLETON)) {
-	RBASIC_SET_CLASS(clone, rb_singleton_class_clone(orig));
-	rb_singleton_class_attached(RBASIC(clone)->klass, (VALUE)clone);
-    }
-    RCLASS_SET_SUPER(clone, RCLASS_SUPER(orig));
-    RCLASS_EXT(clone)->allocator = RCLASS_EXT(orig)->allocator;
     if (RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone)) {
 	st_free_table(RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone));
 	RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone) = 0;
@@ -313,14 +331,11 @@ rb_mod_init_copy(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
 	rb_free_const_table(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone));
 	RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone) = 0;
     }
-    if (RCLASS_M_TBL_WRAPPER(clone)) {
-	rb_free_m_tbl_wrapper(RCLASS_M_TBL_WRAPPER(clone));
-	RCLASS_M_TBL_WRAPPER(clone) = 0;
-    }
+    RCLASS_M_TBL(clone) = 0;
     if (RCLASS_IV_TBL(orig)) {
 	st_data_t id;
 
-	RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone) = rb_st_copy(clone, RCLASS_IV_TBL(orig));
+	rb_iv_tbl_copy(clone, orig);
 	CONST_ID(id, "__tmp_classpath__");
 	st_delete(RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone), &id, 0);
 	CONST_ID(id, "__classpath__");
@@ -331,14 +346,110 @@ rb_mod_init_copy(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
     if (RCLASS_CONST_TBL(orig)) {
 	struct clone_const_arg arg;
 
-	RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone) = st_init_numtable();
+	arg.tbl = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone) = rb_id_table_create(0);
 	arg.klass = clone;
-	arg.tbl = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone);
-	st_foreach(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(orig), clone_const_i, (st_data_t)&arg);
+	rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(orig), clone_const_i, &arg);
+    }
+}
+
+static void ensure_origin(VALUE klass);
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+VALUE
+rb_mod_init_copy(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
+{
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(clone, T_CLASS)) {
+        class_init_copy_check(clone, orig);
     }
+    if (!OBJ_INIT_COPY(clone, orig)) return clone;
+
+    /* cloned flag is refer at constant inline cache
+     * see vm_get_const_key_cref() in vm_insnhelper.c
+     */
+    FL_SET(clone, RCLASS_CLONED);
+    FL_SET(orig , RCLASS_CLONED);
+
+    if (!FL_TEST(CLASS_OF(clone), FL_SINGLETON)) {
+        RBASIC_SET_CLASS(clone, rb_singleton_class_clone(orig));
+        rb_singleton_class_attached(RBASIC(clone)->klass, (VALUE)clone);
+    }
+    RCLASS_EXT(clone)->allocator = RCLASS_EXT(orig)->allocator;
+    copy_tables(clone, orig);
     if (RCLASS_M_TBL(orig)) {
+	struct clone_method_arg arg;
+	arg.old_klass = orig;
+	arg.new_klass = clone;
 	RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(clone);
-	st_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(orig), clone_method_i, (st_data_t)clone);
+	rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(orig), clone_method_i, &arg);
+    }
+
+    if (RCLASS_ORIGIN(orig) == orig) {
+        RCLASS_SET_SUPER(clone, RCLASS_SUPER(orig));
+    }
+    else {
+        VALUE p = RCLASS_SUPER(orig);
+        VALUE orig_origin = RCLASS_ORIGIN(orig);
+        VALUE prev_clone_p = clone;
+        VALUE origin_stack = rb_ary_tmp_new(2);
+        VALUE origin[2];
+        VALUE clone_p = 0;
+        long origin_len;
+        int add_subclass;
+        VALUE clone_origin;
+
+        ensure_origin(clone);
+        clone_origin = RCLASS_ORIGIN(clone);
+
+        while (p && p != orig_origin) {
+            if (BUILTIN_TYPE(p) != T_ICLASS) {
+                rb_bug("non iclass between module/class and origin");
+            }
+            clone_p = class_alloc(RBASIC(p)->flags, RBASIC(p)->klass);
+            RCLASS_SET_SUPER(prev_clone_p, clone_p);
+            prev_clone_p = clone_p;
+            RCLASS_M_TBL(clone_p) = RCLASS_M_TBL(p);
+            RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone_p) = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(p);
+            RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone_p) = RCLASS_IV_TBL(p);
+            RCLASS_EXT(clone_p)->allocator = RCLASS_EXT(p)->allocator;
+            if (RB_TYPE_P(clone, T_CLASS)) {
+                RCLASS_SET_INCLUDER(clone_p, clone);
+            }
+            add_subclass = TRUE;
+            if (p != RCLASS_ORIGIN(p)) {
+                origin[0] = clone_p;
+                origin[1] = RCLASS_ORIGIN(p);
+                rb_ary_cat(origin_stack, origin, 2);
+            }
+            else if ((origin_len = RARRAY_LEN(origin_stack)) > 1 &&
+                     RARRAY_AREF(origin_stack, origin_len - 1) == p) {
+                RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(RARRAY_AREF(origin_stack, (origin_len -= 2)), clone_p);
+                RICLASS_SET_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(clone_p);
+                rb_ary_resize(origin_stack, origin_len);
+                add_subclass = FALSE;
+            }
+            if (add_subclass) {
+                rb_module_add_to_subclasses_list(RBASIC(p)->klass, clone_p);
+            }
+            p = RCLASS_SUPER(p);
+        }
+
+        if (p == orig_origin) {
+            if (clone_p) {
+                RCLASS_SET_SUPER(clone_p, clone_origin);
+                RCLASS_SET_SUPER(clone_origin, RCLASS_SUPER(orig_origin));
+            }
+            copy_tables(clone_origin, orig_origin);
+            if (RCLASS_M_TBL(orig_origin)) {
+                struct clone_method_arg arg;
+                arg.old_klass = orig;
+                arg.new_klass = clone;
+                RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(clone_origin);
+                rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(orig_origin), clone_method_i, &arg);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            rb_bug("no origin for class that has origin");
+        }
     }
 
     return clone;
@@ -350,42 +461,61 @@ rb_singleton_class_clone(VALUE obj)
     return rb_singleton_class_clone_and_attach(obj, Qundef);
 }
 
+// Clone and return the singleton class of `obj` if it has been created and is attached to `obj`.
 VALUE
 rb_singleton_class_clone_and_attach(VALUE obj, VALUE attach)
 {
-    VALUE klass = RBASIC(obj)->klass;
+    const VALUE klass = RBASIC(obj)->klass;
 
-    if (!FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON))
-	return klass;
+    // Note that `rb_singleton_class()` can create situations where `klass` is
+    // attached to an object other than `obj`. In which case `obj` does not have
+    // a material singleton class attached yet and there is no singleton class
+    // to clone.
+    if (!(FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON) && rb_attr_get(klass, id_attached) == obj)) {
+        // nothing to clone
+        return klass;
+    }
     else {
 	/* copy singleton(unnamed) class */
+        bool klass_of_clone_is_new;
 	VALUE clone = class_alloc(RBASIC(klass)->flags, 0);
 
 	if (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_CLASS) {
+            klass_of_clone_is_new = true;
 	    RBASIC_SET_CLASS(clone, clone);
 	}
 	else {
-	    RBASIC_SET_CLASS(clone, rb_singleton_class_clone(klass));
+            VALUE klass_metaclass_clone = rb_singleton_class_clone(klass);
+            // When `METACLASS_OF(klass) == klass_metaclass_clone`, it means the
+            // recursive call did not clone `METACLASS_OF(klass)`.
+            klass_of_clone_is_new = (METACLASS_OF(klass) != klass_metaclass_clone);
+            RBASIC_SET_CLASS(clone, klass_metaclass_clone);
 	}
 
 	RCLASS_SET_SUPER(clone, RCLASS_SUPER(klass));
 	RCLASS_EXT(clone)->allocator = RCLASS_EXT(klass)->allocator;
 	if (RCLASS_IV_TBL(klass)) {
-	    RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone) = rb_st_copy(clone, RCLASS_IV_TBL(klass));
+	    rb_iv_tbl_copy(clone, klass);
 	}
 	if (RCLASS_CONST_TBL(klass)) {
 	    struct clone_const_arg arg;
-	    RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone) = st_init_numtable();
+	    arg.tbl = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone) = rb_id_table_create(0);
 	    arg.klass = clone;
-	    arg.tbl = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone);
-	    st_foreach(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(klass), clone_const_i, (st_data_t)&arg);
+	    rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(klass), clone_const_i, &arg);
 	}
 	if (attach != Qundef) {
 	    rb_singleton_class_attached(clone, attach);
 	}
 	RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(clone);
-	st_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(klass), clone_method_i, (st_data_t)clone);
-	rb_singleton_class_attached(RBASIC(clone)->klass, clone);
+	{
+	    struct clone_method_arg arg;
+	    arg.old_klass = klass;
+	    arg.new_klass = clone;
+	    rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(klass), clone_method_i, &arg);
+	}
+        if (klass_of_clone_is_new) {
+            rb_singleton_class_attached(RBASIC(clone)->klass, clone);
+        }
 	FL_SET(clone, FL_SINGLETON);
 
 	return clone;
@@ -403,15 +533,10 @@ rb_singleton_class_attached(VALUE klass, VALUE obj)
 	if (!RCLASS_IV_TBL(klass)) {
 	    RCLASS_IV_TBL(klass) = st_init_numtable();
 	}
-	rb_st_insert_id_and_value(klass, RCLASS_IV_TBL(klass), id_attached, obj);
+	rb_class_ivar_set(klass, id_attached, obj);
     }
 }
 
-
-
-#define METACLASS_OF(k) RBASIC(k)->klass
-#define SET_METACLASS_OF(k, cls) RBASIC_SET_CLASS(k, cls)
-
 /*!
  * whether k is a meta^(n)-class of Class class
  * @retval 1 if \a k is a meta^(n)-class of Class class (n >= 0)
@@ -419,6 +544,19 @@ rb_singleton_class_attached(VALUE klass, VALUE obj)
  */
 #define META_CLASS_OF_CLASS_CLASS_P(k)  (METACLASS_OF(k) == (k))
 
+static int
+rb_singleton_class_has_metaclass_p(VALUE sklass)
+{
+    return rb_attr_get(METACLASS_OF(sklass), id_attached) == sklass;
+}
+
+int
+rb_singleton_class_internal_p(VALUE sklass)
+{
+    return (RB_TYPE_P(rb_attr_get(sklass, id_attached), T_CLASS) &&
+	    !rb_singleton_class_has_metaclass_p(sklass));
+}
+
 /*!
  * whether k has a metaclass
  * @retval 1 if \a k has a metaclass
@@ -426,7 +564,7 @@ rb_singleton_class_attached(VALUE klass, VALUE obj)
  */
 #define HAVE_METACLASS_P(k) \
     (FL_TEST(METACLASS_OF(k), FL_SINGLETON) && \
-     rb_ivar_get(METACLASS_OF(k), id_attached) == (k))
+     rb_singleton_class_has_metaclass_p(k))
 
 /*!
  * ensures \a klass belongs to its own eigenclass.
@@ -471,8 +609,6 @@ make_metaclass(VALUE klass)
     while (RB_TYPE_P(super, T_ICLASS)) super = RCLASS_SUPER(super);
     RCLASS_SET_SUPER(metaclass, super ? ENSURE_EIGENCLASS(super) : rb_cClass);
 
-    OBJ_INFECT(metaclass, RCLASS_SUPER(metaclass));
-
     return metaclass;
 }
 
@@ -503,8 +639,8 @@ boot_defclass(const char *name, VALUE super)
     VALUE obj = rb_class_boot(super);
     ID id = rb_intern(name);
 
-    rb_name_class(obj, id);
     rb_const_set((rb_cObject ? rb_cObject : obj), id, obj);
+    rb_vm_add_root_module(obj);
     return obj;
 }
 
@@ -513,6 +649,11 @@ Init_class_hierarchy(void)
 {
     rb_cBasicObject = boot_defclass("BasicObject", 0);
     rb_cObject = boot_defclass("Object", rb_cBasicObject);
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(rb_cObject);
+
+    /* resolve class name ASAP for order-independence */
+    rb_set_class_path_string(rb_cObject, rb_cObject, rb_fstring_lit("Object"));
+
     rb_cModule = boot_defclass("Module", rb_cObject);
     rb_cClass =  boot_defclass("Class",  rb_cModule);
 
@@ -577,7 +718,7 @@ rb_define_class_id(ID id, VALUE super)
  * \return the value \c Class#inherited's returns
  * \pre Each of \a super and \a klass must be a \c Class object.
  */
-VALUE
+MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED VALUE
 rb_class_inherited(VALUE super, VALUE klass)
 {
     ID inherited;
@@ -592,12 +733,12 @@ rb_class_inherited(VALUE super, VALUE klass)
  * Defines a top-level class.
  * \param name   name of the class
  * \param super  a class from which the new class will derive.
- *               NULL means \c Object class.
  * \return the created class
  * \throw TypeError if the constant name \a name is already taken but
  *                  the constant is not a \c Class.
- * \throw NameError if the class is already defined but the class can not
+ * \throw TypeError if the class is already defined but the class can not
  *                  be reopened because its superclass is not \a super.
+ * \throw ArgumentError if the \a super is NULL.
  * \post top-level constant named \a name refers the returned class.
  *
  * \note if a class named \a name is already defined and its superclass is
@@ -613,19 +754,22 @@ rb_define_class(const char *name, VALUE super)
     if (rb_const_defined(rb_cObject, id)) {
 	klass = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id);
 	if (!RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS)) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s is not a class", name);
+	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s is not a class (%"PRIsVALUE")",
+		     name, rb_obj_class(klass));
 	}
 	if (rb_class_real(RCLASS_SUPER(klass)) != super) {
 	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "superclass mismatch for class %s", name);
 	}
+
+        /* Class may have been defined in Ruby and not pin-rooted */
+        rb_vm_add_root_module(klass);
 	return klass;
     }
     if (!super) {
-	rb_warn("no super class for `%s', Object assumed", name);
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "no super class for `%s'", name);
     }
     klass = rb_define_class_id(id, super);
-    rb_vm_add_root_module(id, klass);
-    rb_name_class(klass, id);
+    rb_vm_add_root_module(klass);
     rb_const_set(rb_cObject, id, klass);
     rb_class_inherited(super, klass);
 
@@ -642,7 +786,7 @@ rb_define_class(const char *name, VALUE super)
  * \return the created class
  * \throw TypeError if the constant name \a name is already taken but
  *                  the constant is not a \c Class.
- * \throw NameError if the class is already defined but the class can not
+ * \throw TypeError if the class is already defined but the class can not
  *                  be reopened because its superclass is not \a super.
  * \post top-level constant named \a name refers the returned class.
  *
@@ -665,7 +809,7 @@ rb_define_class_under(VALUE outer, const char *name, VALUE super)
  * \return the created class
  * \throw TypeError if the constant name \a name is already taken but
  *                  the constant is not a \c Class.
- * \throw NameError if the class is already defined but the class can not
+ * \throw TypeError if the class is already defined but the class can not
  *                  be reopened because its superclass is not \a super.
  * \post top-level constant named \a name refers the returned class.
  *
@@ -680,22 +824,30 @@ rb_define_class_id_under(VALUE outer, ID id, VALUE super)
     if (rb_const_defined_at(outer, id)) {
 	klass = rb_const_get_at(outer, id);
 	if (!RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS)) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%"PRIsVALUE" is not a class", rb_id2str(id));
+	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%"PRIsVALUE"::%"PRIsVALUE" is not a class"
+		     " (%"PRIsVALUE")",
+		     outer, rb_id2str(id), rb_obj_class(klass));
 	}
 	if (rb_class_real(RCLASS_SUPER(klass)) != super) {
-	    rb_name_error(id, "%"PRIsVALUE" is already defined", rb_id2str(id));
+	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "superclass mismatch for class "
+		     "%"PRIsVALUE"::%"PRIsVALUE""
+		     " (%"PRIsVALUE" is given but was %"PRIsVALUE")",
+		     outer, rb_id2str(id), RCLASS_SUPER(klass), super);
 	}
+        /* Class may have been defined in Ruby and not pin-rooted */
+        rb_vm_add_root_module(klass);
+
 	return klass;
     }
     if (!super) {
-	rb_warn("no super class for `%"PRIsVALUE"::%"PRIsVALUE"', Object assumed",
-		rb_class_path(outer), rb_id2str(id));
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "no super class for `%"PRIsVALUE"::%"PRIsVALUE"'",
+		 rb_class_path(outer), rb_id2str(id));
     }
     klass = rb_define_class_id(id, super);
     rb_set_class_path_string(klass, outer, rb_id2str(id));
     rb_const_set(outer, id, klass);
     rb_class_inherited(super, klass);
-    rb_gc_register_mark_object(klass);
+    rb_vm_add_root_module(klass);
 
     return klass;
 }
@@ -708,15 +860,11 @@ rb_module_new(void)
     return (VALUE)mdl;
 }
 
+// Kept for compatibility. Use rb_module_new() instead.
 VALUE
 rb_define_module_id(ID id)
 {
-    VALUE mdl;
-
-    mdl = rb_module_new();
-    rb_name_class(mdl, id);
-
-    return mdl;
+    return rb_module_new();
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -728,12 +876,16 @@ rb_define_module(const char *name)
     id = rb_intern(name);
     if (rb_const_defined(rb_cObject, id)) {
 	module = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id);
-	if (RB_TYPE_P(module, T_MODULE))
-	    return module;
-	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s is not a module", rb_obj_classname(module));
+	if (!RB_TYPE_P(module, T_MODULE)) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s is not a module (%"PRIsVALUE")",
+		     name, rb_obj_class(module));
+	}
+        /* Module may have been defined in Ruby and not pin-rooted */
+        rb_vm_add_root_module(module);
+	return module;
     }
-    module = rb_define_module_id(id);
-    rb_vm_add_root_module(id, module);
+    module = rb_module_new();
+    rb_vm_add_root_module(module);
     rb_const_set(rb_cObject, id, module);
 
     return module;
@@ -752,12 +904,14 @@ rb_define_module_id_under(VALUE outer, ID id)
 
     if (rb_const_defined_at(outer, id)) {
 	module = rb_const_get_at(outer, id);
-	if (RB_TYPE_P(module, T_MODULE))
-	    return module;
-	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s::%s is not a module",
-		 rb_class2name(outer), rb_obj_classname(module));
+	if (!RB_TYPE_P(module, T_MODULE)) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%"PRIsVALUE"::%"PRIsVALUE" is not a module"
+		     " (%"PRIsVALUE")",
+		     outer, rb_id2str(id), rb_obj_class(module));
+	}
+	return module;
     }
-    module = rb_define_module_id(id);
+    module = rb_module_new();
     rb_const_set(outer, id, module);
     rb_set_class_path_string(module, outer, rb_id2str(id));
     rb_gc_register_mark_object(module);
@@ -770,197 +924,309 @@ rb_include_class_new(VALUE module, VALUE super)
 {
     VALUE klass = class_alloc(T_ICLASS, rb_cClass);
 
+    RCLASS_M_TBL(klass) = RCLASS_M_TBL(module);
+
+    RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(klass, klass);
     if (BUILTIN_TYPE(module) == T_ICLASS) {
 	module = RBASIC(module)->klass;
     }
+    RUBY_ASSERT(!RB_TYPE_P(module, T_ICLASS));
     if (!RCLASS_IV_TBL(module)) {
 	RCLASS_IV_TBL(module) = st_init_numtable();
     }
     if (!RCLASS_CONST_TBL(module)) {
-	RCLASS_CONST_TBL(module) = st_init_numtable();
+	RCLASS_CONST_TBL(module) = rb_id_table_create(0);
     }
     RCLASS_IV_TBL(klass) = RCLASS_IV_TBL(module);
     RCLASS_CONST_TBL(klass) = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(module);
 
-    RCLASS_M_TBL_WRAPPER(OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT(klass)) =
-	RCLASS_M_TBL_WRAPPER(OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT(RCLASS_ORIGIN(module)));
-
     RCLASS_SET_SUPER(klass, super);
-    if (RB_TYPE_P(module, T_ICLASS)) {
-	RBASIC_SET_CLASS(klass, RBASIC(module)->klass);
-    }
-    else {
-	RBASIC_SET_CLASS(klass, module);
-    }
-    OBJ_INFECT(klass, module);
-    OBJ_INFECT(klass, super);
+    RBASIC_SET_CLASS(klass, module);
 
     return (VALUE)klass;
 }
 
-static int include_modules_at(const VALUE klass, VALUE c, VALUE module);
+static int include_modules_at(const VALUE klass, VALUE c, VALUE module, int search_super);
+
+static void
+ensure_includable(VALUE klass, VALUE module)
+{
+    rb_class_modify_check(klass);
+    Check_Type(module, T_MODULE);
+    if (!NIL_P(rb_refinement_module_get_refined_class(module))) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "refinement module is not allowed");
+    }
+}
 
 void
 rb_include_module(VALUE klass, VALUE module)
 {
     int changed = 0;
 
-    rb_frozen_class_p(klass);
-
-    if (!RB_TYPE_P(module, T_MODULE)) {
-	Check_Type(module, T_MODULE);
-    }
-
-    OBJ_INFECT(klass, module);
+    ensure_includable(klass, module);
 
-    changed = include_modules_at(klass, RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass), module);
+    changed = include_modules_at(klass, RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass), module, TRUE);
     if (changed < 0)
 	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "cyclic include detected");
+
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE)) {
+        rb_subclass_entry_t *iclass = RCLASS_EXT(klass)->subclasses;
+        int do_include = 1;
+        while (iclass) {
+            VALUE check_class = iclass->klass;
+            /* During lazy sweeping, iclass->klass could be a dead object that
+             * has not yet been swept. */
+            if (!rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(check_class)) {
+                while (check_class) {
+                    if (RB_TYPE_P(check_class, T_ICLASS) &&
+                            (RBASIC(check_class)->klass == module)) {
+                        do_include = 0;
+                    }
+                    check_class = RCLASS_SUPER(check_class);
+                }
+
+                if (do_include) {
+                    include_modules_at(iclass->klass, RCLASS_ORIGIN(iclass->klass), module, TRUE);
+                }
+            }
+
+            iclass = iclass->next;
+        }
+    }
 }
 
-static int
-add_refined_method_entry_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data)
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+add_refined_method_entry_i(ID key, VALUE value, void *data)
 {
-    rb_add_refined_method_entry((VALUE) data, (ID) key);
-    return ST_CONTINUE;
+    rb_add_refined_method_entry((VALUE)data, key);
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+clear_module_cache_i(ID id, VALUE val, void *data)
+{
+    VALUE klass = (VALUE)data;
+    rb_clear_method_cache(klass, id);
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 static int
-include_modules_at(const VALUE klass, VALUE c, VALUE module)
+include_modules_at(const VALUE klass, VALUE c, VALUE module, int search_super)
 {
-    VALUE p, iclass;
-    int method_changed = 0, constant_changed = 0;
-    const st_table *const klass_m_tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass));
+    VALUE p, iclass, origin_stack = 0;
+    int method_changed = 0, constant_changed = 0, add_subclass;
+    long origin_len;
+    struct rb_id_table *const klass_m_tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass));
+    VALUE original_klass = klass;
 
     while (module) {
+        int origin_seen = FALSE;
 	int superclass_seen = FALSE;
+	struct rb_id_table *tbl;
 
-	if (RCLASS_ORIGIN(module) != module)
-	    goto skip;
+        if (klass == c)
+            origin_seen = TRUE;
 	if (klass_m_tbl && klass_m_tbl == RCLASS_M_TBL(module))
 	    return -1;
 	/* ignore if the module included already in superclasses */
-	for (p = RCLASS_SUPER(klass); p; p = RCLASS_SUPER(p)) {
-	    switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(p)) {
-	      case T_ICLASS:
-		if (RCLASS_M_TBL_WRAPPER(p) == RCLASS_M_TBL_WRAPPER(module)) {
-		    if (!superclass_seen) {
+        for (p = RCLASS_SUPER(klass); p; p = RCLASS_SUPER(p)) {
+	    int type = BUILTIN_TYPE(p);
+            if (c == p)
+                origin_seen = TRUE;
+	    if (type == T_ICLASS) {
+		if (RCLASS_M_TBL(p) == RCLASS_M_TBL(module)) {
+                    if (!superclass_seen && origin_seen) {
 			c = p;  /* move insertion point */
 		    }
 		    goto skip;
 		}
-		break;
-	      case T_CLASS:
-		superclass_seen = TRUE;
-		break;
+	    }
+	    else if (type == T_CLASS) {
+		if (!search_super) break;
+                superclass_seen = TRUE;
 	    }
 	}
-	iclass = rb_include_class_new(module, RCLASS_SUPER(c));
-	c = RCLASS_SET_SUPER(c, iclass);
 
-	if (BUILTIN_TYPE(module) == T_ICLASS) {
-	    rb_module_add_to_subclasses_list(RBASIC(module)->klass, iclass);
-	}
-	else {
-	    rb_module_add_to_subclasses_list(module, iclass);
+        VALUE super_class = RCLASS_SUPER(c);
+
+        // invalidate inline method cache
+        tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(module);
+        if (tbl && rb_id_table_size(tbl)) {
+            if (search_super) { // include
+                if (super_class && !RB_TYPE_P(super_class, T_MODULE)) {
+                    rb_id_table_foreach(tbl, clear_module_cache_i, (void *)super_class);
+                }
+            }
+            else { // prepend
+                if (!RB_TYPE_P(original_klass, T_MODULE)) {
+                    rb_id_table_foreach(tbl, clear_module_cache_i, (void *)original_klass);
+                }
+            }
+            method_changed = 1;
+        }
+
+        // setup T_ICLASS for the include/prepend module
+	iclass = rb_include_class_new(module, super_class);
+	c = RCLASS_SET_SUPER(c, iclass);
+        RCLASS_SET_INCLUDER(iclass, klass);
+        add_subclass = TRUE;
+        if (module != RCLASS_ORIGIN(module)) {
+            if (!origin_stack) origin_stack = rb_ary_tmp_new(2);
+            VALUE origin[2] = {iclass, RCLASS_ORIGIN(module)};
+            rb_ary_cat(origin_stack, origin, 2);
+        }
+        else if (origin_stack && (origin_len = RARRAY_LEN(origin_stack)) > 1 &&
+                 RARRAY_AREF(origin_stack, origin_len - 1) == module) {
+            RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(RARRAY_AREF(origin_stack, (origin_len -= 2)), iclass);
+            RICLASS_SET_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(iclass);
+            rb_ary_resize(origin_stack, origin_len);
+            add_subclass = FALSE;
+        }
+
+	{
+	    VALUE m = module;
+            if (BUILTIN_TYPE(m) == T_ICLASS) m = RBASIC(m)->klass;
+            if (add_subclass) rb_module_add_to_subclasses_list(m, iclass);
 	}
 
 	if (FL_TEST(klass, RMODULE_IS_REFINEMENT)) {
 	    VALUE refined_class =
 		rb_refinement_module_get_refined_class(klass);
 
-	    st_foreach(RMODULE_M_TBL(module), add_refined_method_entry_i,
-		       (st_data_t) refined_class);
+            rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(module), add_refined_method_entry_i, (void *)refined_class);
 	    FL_SET(c, RMODULE_INCLUDED_INTO_REFINEMENT);
 	}
-	if (RMODULE_M_TBL(module) && RMODULE_M_TBL(module)->num_entries)
-	    method_changed = 1;
-	if (RMODULE_CONST_TBL(module) && RMODULE_CONST_TBL(module)->num_entries)
-	    constant_changed = 1;
+
+        tbl = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(module);
+	if (tbl && rb_id_table_size(tbl)) constant_changed = 1;
       skip:
 	module = RCLASS_SUPER(module);
     }
 
-    if (method_changed) rb_clear_method_cache_by_class(klass);
     if (constant_changed) rb_clear_constant_cache();
 
     return method_changed;
 }
 
-static int
-move_refined_method(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data)
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+move_refined_method(ID key, VALUE value, void *data)
 {
-    rb_method_entry_t *me = (rb_method_entry_t *) value;
-    st_table *tbl = (st_table *) data;
+    rb_method_entry_t *me = (rb_method_entry_t *)value;
 
     if (me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
-	if (me->def->body.orig_me) {
-	    rb_method_entry_t *orig_me = me->def->body.orig_me, *new_me;
-	    me->def->body.orig_me = NULL;
-	    new_me = ALLOC(rb_method_entry_t);
-	    *new_me = *me;
-	    st_add_direct(tbl, key, (st_data_t) new_me);
-	    *me = *orig_me;
-	    xfree(orig_me);
-	    return ST_CONTINUE;
+        VALUE klass = (VALUE)data;
+        struct rb_id_table *tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(klass);
+
+        if (me->def->body.refined.orig_me) {
+	    const rb_method_entry_t *orig_me = me->def->body.refined.orig_me, *new_me;
+	    RB_OBJ_WRITE(me, &me->def->body.refined.orig_me, NULL);
+	    new_me = rb_method_entry_clone(me);
+            rb_method_table_insert(klass, tbl, key, new_me);
+	    rb_method_entry_copy(me, orig_me);
+	    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
 	}
 	else {
-	    st_add_direct(tbl, key, (st_data_t) me);
-	    return ST_DELETE;
+            rb_method_table_insert(klass, tbl, key, me);
+	    return ID_TABLE_DELETE;
 	}
     }
     else {
-	return ST_CONTINUE;
+	return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
     }
 }
 
-void
-rb_prepend_module(VALUE klass, VALUE module)
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+cache_clear_refined_method(ID key, VALUE value, void *data)
 {
-    VALUE origin;
-    int changed = 0;
-
-    rb_frozen_class_p(klass);
+    rb_method_entry_t *me = (rb_method_entry_t *) value;
 
-    Check_Type(module, T_MODULE);
+    if (me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED && me->def->body.refined.orig_me) {
+        VALUE klass = (VALUE)data;
+        rb_clear_method_cache(klass, me->called_id);
+    }
+    // Refined method entries without an orig_me is going to stay in the method
+    // table of klass, like before the move, so no need to clear the cache.
 
-    OBJ_INFECT(klass, module);
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
 
-    origin = RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass);
+static void
+ensure_origin(VALUE klass)
+{
+    VALUE origin = RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass);
     if (origin == klass) {
 	origin = class_alloc(T_ICLASS, klass);
-	OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT(origin); /* TODO: conservative shading. Need more survey. */
 	RCLASS_SET_SUPER(origin, RCLASS_SUPER(klass));
 	RCLASS_SET_SUPER(klass, origin);
-	RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass), origin);
-	RCLASS_M_TBL_WRAPPER(origin) = RCLASS_M_TBL_WRAPPER(klass);
+	RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(klass, origin);
+	RCLASS_M_TBL(origin) = RCLASS_M_TBL(klass);
 	RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(klass);
-	st_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(origin), move_refined_method,
-		   (st_data_t) RCLASS_M_TBL(klass));
+        rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(origin), cache_clear_refined_method, (void *)klass);
+	rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(origin), move_refined_method, (void *)klass);
     }
-    changed = include_modules_at(klass, klass, module);
+}
+
+void
+rb_prepend_module(VALUE klass, VALUE module)
+{
+    int changed = 0;
+    bool klass_had_no_origin = RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass) == klass;
+
+    ensure_includable(klass, module);
+    ensure_origin(klass);
+    changed = include_modules_at(klass, klass, module, FALSE);
     if (changed < 0)
 	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "cyclic prepend detected");
     if (changed) {
 	rb_vm_check_redefinition_by_prepend(klass);
     }
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE)) {
+        rb_subclass_entry_t *iclass = RCLASS_EXT(klass)->subclasses;
+        VALUE klass_origin = RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass);
+        struct rb_id_table *klass_m_tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(klass);
+        struct rb_id_table *klass_origin_m_tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(klass_origin);
+        while (iclass) {
+            /* During lazy sweeping, iclass->klass could be a dead object that
+             * has not yet been swept. */
+            if (!rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(iclass->klass)) {
+                if (klass_had_no_origin && klass_origin_m_tbl == RCLASS_M_TBL(iclass->klass)) {
+                    // backfill an origin iclass to handle refinements and future prepends
+                    rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(iclass->klass), clear_module_cache_i, (void *)iclass->klass);
+                    RCLASS_M_TBL(iclass->klass) = klass_m_tbl;
+                    VALUE origin = rb_include_class_new(klass_origin, RCLASS_SUPER(iclass->klass));
+                    RCLASS_SET_SUPER(iclass->klass, origin);
+                    RCLASS_SET_INCLUDER(origin, RCLASS_INCLUDER(iclass->klass));
+                    RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(iclass->klass, origin);
+                    RICLASS_SET_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(origin);
+                }
+                include_modules_at(iclass->klass, iclass->klass, module, FALSE);
+            }
+
+            iclass = iclass->next;
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     mod.included_modules -> array
  *
- *  Returns the list of modules included in <i>mod</i>.
+ *  Returns the list of modules included or prepended in <i>mod</i>
+ *  or one of <i>mod</i>'s ancestors.
+ *
+ *     module Sub
+ *     end
  *
  *     module Mixin
+ *       prepend Sub
  *     end
  *
  *     module Outer
  *       include Mixin
  *     end
  *
- *     Mixin.included_modules   #=> []
- *     Outer.included_modules   #=> [Mixin]
+ *     Mixin.included_modules   #=> [Sub]
+ *     Outer.included_modules   #=> [Sub, Mixin]
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -971,7 +1237,7 @@ rb_mod_included_modules(VALUE mod)
     VALUE origin = RCLASS_ORIGIN(mod);
 
     for (p = RCLASS_SUPER(mod); p; p = RCLASS_SUPER(p)) {
-	if (p != origin && BUILTIN_TYPE(p) == T_ICLASS) {
+        if (p != origin && RCLASS_ORIGIN(p) == p && BUILTIN_TYPE(p) == T_ICLASS) {
 	    VALUE m = RBASIC(p)->klass;
 	    if (RB_TYPE_P(m, T_MODULE))
 		rb_ary_push(ary, m);
@@ -984,8 +1250,8 @@ rb_mod_included_modules(VALUE mod)
  *  call-seq:
  *     mod.include?(module)    -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns <code>true</code> if <i>module</i> is included in
- *  <i>mod</i> or one of <i>mod</i>'s ancestors.
+ *  Returns <code>true</code> if <i>module</i> is included
+ *  or prepended in <i>mod</i> or one of <i>mod</i>'s ancestors.
  *
  *     module A
  *     end
@@ -1006,7 +1272,7 @@ rb_mod_include_p(VALUE mod, VALUE mod2)
 
     Check_Type(mod2, T_MODULE);
     for (p = RCLASS_SUPER(mod); p; p = RCLASS_SUPER(p)) {
-	if (BUILTIN_TYPE(p) == T_ICLASS) {
+        if (BUILTIN_TYPE(p) == T_ICLASS && !FL_TEST(p, RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN)) {
 	    if (RBASIC(p)->klass == mod2) return Qtrue;
 	}
     }
@@ -1037,62 +1303,62 @@ rb_mod_ancestors(VALUE mod)
     VALUE p, ary = rb_ary_new();
 
     for (p = mod; p; p = RCLASS_SUPER(p)) {
+        if (p != RCLASS_ORIGIN(p)) continue;
 	if (BUILTIN_TYPE(p) == T_ICLASS) {
 	    rb_ary_push(ary, RBASIC(p)->klass);
 	}
-	else if (p == RCLASS_ORIGIN(p)) {
+        else {
 	    rb_ary_push(ary, p);
 	}
     }
     return ary;
 }
 
-#define VISI(x) ((x)&NOEX_MASK)
-#define VISI_CHECK(x,f) (VISI(x) == (f))
+static void
+ins_methods_push(st_data_t name, st_data_t ary)
+{
+    rb_ary_push((VALUE)ary, ID2SYM((ID)name));
+}
 
 static int
-ins_methods_push(ID name, long type, VALUE ary, long visi)
+ins_methods_i(st_data_t name, st_data_t type, st_data_t ary)
 {
-    if (type == -1) return ST_CONTINUE;
-
-    switch (visi) {
-      case NOEX_PRIVATE:
-      case NOEX_PROTECTED:
-      case NOEX_PUBLIC:
-	visi = (type == visi);
+    switch ((rb_method_visibility_t)type) {
+      case METHOD_VISI_UNDEF:
+      case METHOD_VISI_PRIVATE:
 	break;
-      default:
-	visi = (type != NOEX_PRIVATE);
+      default: /* everything but private */
+	ins_methods_push(name, ary);
 	break;
     }
-    if (visi) {
-	rb_ary_push(ary, ID2SYM(name));
-    }
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 static int
-ins_methods_i(st_data_t name, st_data_t type, st_data_t ary)
-{
-    return ins_methods_push((ID)name, (long)type, (VALUE)ary, -1); /* everything but private */
-}
-
-static int
 ins_methods_prot_i(st_data_t name, st_data_t type, st_data_t ary)
 {
-    return ins_methods_push((ID)name, (long)type, (VALUE)ary, NOEX_PROTECTED);
+    if ((rb_method_visibility_t)type == METHOD_VISI_PROTECTED) {
+	ins_methods_push(name, ary);
+    }
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 static int
 ins_methods_priv_i(st_data_t name, st_data_t type, st_data_t ary)
 {
-    return ins_methods_push((ID)name, (long)type, (VALUE)ary, NOEX_PRIVATE);
+    if ((rb_method_visibility_t)type == METHOD_VISI_PRIVATE) {
+	ins_methods_push(name, ary);
+    }
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 static int
 ins_methods_pub_i(st_data_t name, st_data_t type, st_data_t ary)
 {
-    return ins_methods_push((ID)name, (long)type, (VALUE)ary, NOEX_PUBLIC);
+    if ((rb_method_visibility_t)type == METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC) {
+	ins_methods_push(name, ary);
+    }
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 struct method_entry_arg {
@@ -1100,45 +1366,64 @@ struct method_entry_arg {
     int recur;
 };
 
-static int
-method_entry_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data)
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+method_entry_i(ID key, VALUE value, void *data)
 {
     const rb_method_entry_t *me = (const rb_method_entry_t *)value;
     struct method_entry_arg *arg = (struct method_entry_arg *)data;
-    long type;
+    rb_method_visibility_t type;
 
-    if (me && me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
-	VALUE klass = me->klass;
-	me = rb_resolve_refined_method(Qnil, me, NULL);
-	if (!me) return ST_CONTINUE;
-	if (!arg->recur && me->klass != klass) return ST_CONTINUE;
+    if (me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
+	VALUE owner = me->owner;
+	me = rb_resolve_refined_method(Qnil, me);
+	if (!me) return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+	if (!arg->recur && me->owner != owner) return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
     }
-    if (!st_lookup(arg->list, key, 0)) {
+    if (!st_is_member(arg->list, key)) {
 	if (UNDEFINED_METHOD_ENTRY_P(me)) {
-	    type = -1; /* none */
+	    type = METHOD_VISI_UNDEF; /* none */
 	}
 	else {
-	    type = VISI(me->flag);
+	    type = METHOD_ENTRY_VISI(me);
 	}
-	st_add_direct(arg->list, key, type);
+	st_add_direct(arg->list, key, (st_data_t)type);
     }
-    return ST_CONTINUE;
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+add_instance_method_list(VALUE mod, struct method_entry_arg *me_arg)
+{
+    struct rb_id_table *m_tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(mod);
+    if (!m_tbl) return;
+    rb_id_table_foreach(m_tbl, method_entry_i, me_arg);
+}
+
+static bool
+particular_class_p(VALUE mod)
+{
+    if (!mod) return false;
+    if (FL_TEST(mod, FL_SINGLETON)) return true;
+    if (BUILTIN_TYPE(mod) == T_ICLASS) return true;
+    return false;
 }
 
 static VALUE
 class_instance_method_list(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE mod, int obj, int (*func) (st_data_t, st_data_t, st_data_t))
 {
     VALUE ary;
-    int recur, prepended = 0;
+    int recur = TRUE, prepended = 0;
     struct method_entry_arg me_arg;
 
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	recur = TRUE;
-    }
-    else {
-	VALUE r;
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &r);
-	recur = RTEST(r);
+    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1)) recur = RTEST(argv[0]);
+
+    me_arg.list = st_init_numtable();
+    me_arg.recur = recur;
+
+    if (obj) {
+        for (; particular_class_p(mod); mod = RCLASS_SUPER(mod)) {
+            add_instance_method_list(mod, &me_arg);
+        }
     }
 
     if (!recur && RCLASS_ORIGIN(mod) != mod) {
@@ -1146,15 +1431,12 @@ class_instance_method_list(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE mod, int obj, int
 	prepended = 1;
     }
 
-    me_arg.list = st_init_numtable();
-    me_arg.recur = recur;
     for (; mod; mod = RCLASS_SUPER(mod)) {
-	if (RCLASS_M_TBL(mod)) st_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(mod), method_entry_i, (st_data_t)&me_arg);
+        add_instance_method_list(mod, &me_arg);
 	if (BUILTIN_TYPE(mod) == T_ICLASS && !prepended) continue;
-	if (obj && FL_TEST(mod, FL_SINGLETON)) continue;
 	if (!recur) break;
     }
-    ary = rb_ary_new();
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(me_arg.list->num_entries);
     st_foreach(me_arg.list, func, ary);
     st_free_table(me_arg.list);
 
@@ -1255,7 +1537,7 @@ rb_class_public_instance_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
  *  <i>obj</i>. This will include all the methods accessible in
  *  <i>obj</i>'s ancestors.
  *  If the optional parameter is <code>false</code>, it
- *  returns an array of <i>obj<i>'s public and protected singleton methods,
+ *  returns an array of <i>obj</i>'s public and protected singleton methods,
  *  the array will not include methods in modules included in <i>obj</i>.
  *
  *     class Klass
@@ -1368,33 +1650,30 @@ rb_obj_public_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 VALUE
 rb_obj_singleton_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 {
-    VALUE recur, ary, klass, origin;
+    VALUE ary, klass, origin;
     struct method_entry_arg me_arg;
-    st_table *mtbl;
+    struct rb_id_table *mtbl;
+    int recur = TRUE;
 
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	recur = Qtrue;
-    }
-    else {
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &recur);
+    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1)) recur = RTEST(argv[0]);
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_CLASS) && FL_TEST(obj, FL_SINGLETON)) {
+        rb_singleton_class(obj);
     }
     klass = CLASS_OF(obj);
     origin = RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass);
     me_arg.list = st_init_numtable();
-    me_arg.recur = RTEST(recur);
+    me_arg.recur = recur;
     if (klass && FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON)) {
-	if ((mtbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(origin)) != 0)
-	    st_foreach(mtbl, method_entry_i, (st_data_t)&me_arg);
+	if ((mtbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(origin)) != 0) rb_id_table_foreach(mtbl, method_entry_i, &me_arg);
 	klass = RCLASS_SUPER(klass);
     }
-    if (RTEST(recur)) {
+    if (recur) {
 	while (klass && (FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_ICLASS))) {
-	    if (klass != origin && (mtbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(klass)) != 0)
-		st_foreach(mtbl, method_entry_i, (st_data_t)&me_arg);
+	    if (klass != origin && (mtbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(klass)) != 0) rb_id_table_foreach(mtbl, method_entry_i, &me_arg);
 	    klass = RCLASS_SUPER(klass);
 	}
     }
-    ary = rb_ary_new();
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(me_arg.list->num_entries);
     st_foreach(me_arg.list, ins_methods_i, ary);
     st_free_table(me_arg.list);
 
@@ -1458,34 +1737,63 @@ rb_obj_singleton_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
  * \{
  */
 
+#ifdef rb_define_method_id
+#undef rb_define_method_id
+#endif
 void
 rb_define_method_id(VALUE klass, ID mid, VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS), int argc)
 {
-    rb_add_method_cfunc(klass, mid, func, argc, NOEX_PUBLIC);
+    rb_add_method_cfunc(klass, mid, func, argc, METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC);
 }
 
+#ifdef rb_define_method
+#undef rb_define_method
+#endif
 void
 rb_define_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS), int argc)
 {
-    rb_add_method_cfunc(klass, rb_intern(name), func, argc, NOEX_PUBLIC);
+    rb_add_method_cfunc(klass, rb_intern(name), func, argc, METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC);
 }
 
+#ifdef rb_define_protected_method
+#undef rb_define_protected_method
+#endif
 void
 rb_define_protected_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS), int argc)
 {
-    rb_add_method_cfunc(klass, rb_intern(name), func, argc, NOEX_PROTECTED);
+    rb_add_method_cfunc(klass, rb_intern(name), func, argc, METHOD_VISI_PROTECTED);
 }
 
+#ifdef rb_define_private_method
+#undef rb_define_private_method
+#endif
 void
 rb_define_private_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS), int argc)
 {
-    rb_add_method_cfunc(klass, rb_intern(name), func, argc, NOEX_PRIVATE);
+    rb_add_method_cfunc(klass, rb_intern(name), func, argc, METHOD_VISI_PRIVATE);
 }
 
 void
 rb_undef_method(VALUE klass, const char *name)
 {
-    rb_add_method(klass, rb_intern(name), VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF, 0, NOEX_UNDEF);
+    rb_add_method(klass, rb_intern(name), VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF, 0, METHOD_VISI_UNDEF);
+}
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+undef_method_i(ID name, VALUE value, void *data)
+{
+    VALUE klass = (VALUE)data;
+    rb_add_method(klass, name, VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF, 0, METHOD_VISI_UNDEF);
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+void
+rb_undef_methods_from(VALUE klass, VALUE super)
+{
+    struct rb_id_table *mtbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(super);
+    if (mtbl) {
+	rb_id_table_foreach(mtbl, undef_method_i, (void *)klass);
+    }
 }
 
 /*!
@@ -1496,19 +1804,15 @@ rb_undef_method(VALUE klass, const char *name)
  * \{
  */
 
-#define SPECIAL_SINGLETON(x,c) do {\
-    if (obj == (x)) {\
-	return (c);\
-    }\
-} while (0)
-
 static inline VALUE
 special_singleton_class_of(VALUE obj)
 {
-    SPECIAL_SINGLETON(Qnil, rb_cNilClass);
-    SPECIAL_SINGLETON(Qfalse, rb_cFalseClass);
-    SPECIAL_SINGLETON(Qtrue, rb_cTrueClass);
-    return Qnil;
+    switch (obj) {
+      case Qnil:   return rb_cNilClass;
+      case Qfalse: return rb_cFalseClass;
+      case Qtrue:  return rb_cTrueClass;
+      default:     return Qnil;
+    }
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -1531,36 +1835,36 @@ singleton_class_of(VALUE obj)
 {
     VALUE klass;
 
-    if (FIXNUM_P(obj) || FLONUM_P(obj) || STATIC_SYM_P(obj)) {
-      no_singleton:
+    switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+      case T_FIXNUM:
+      case T_BIGNUM:
+      case T_FLOAT:
+      case T_SYMBOL:
 	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't define singleton");
-    }
-    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) {
+
+      case T_FALSE:
+      case T_TRUE:
+      case T_NIL:
 	klass = special_singleton_class_of(obj);
 	if (NIL_P(klass))
 	    rb_bug("unknown immediate %p", (void *)obj);
 	return klass;
-    }
-    else {
-	switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
-	  case T_FLOAT: case T_BIGNUM: case T_SYMBOL:
-	    goto no_singleton;
-	}
+
+      case T_STRING:
+        if (FL_TEST_RAW(obj, RSTRING_FSTR)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't define singleton");
+        }
     }
 
     klass = RBASIC(obj)->klass;
     if (!(FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON) &&
-	  rb_ivar_get(klass, id_attached) == obj)) {
+          rb_attr_get(klass, id_attached) == obj)) {
+	rb_serial_t serial = RCLASS_SERIAL(klass);
 	klass = rb_make_metaclass(obj, klass);
+	RCLASS_SERIAL(klass) = serial;
     }
 
-    if (OBJ_TAINTED(obj)) {
-	OBJ_TAINT(klass);
-    }
-    else {
-	FL_UNSET(klass, FL_TAINT);
-    }
-    if (OBJ_FROZEN(obj)) OBJ_FREEZE_RAW(klass);
+    RB_FL_SET_RAW(klass, RB_OBJ_FROZEN_RAW(obj));
 
     return klass;
 }
@@ -1595,7 +1899,7 @@ rb_singleton_class_get(VALUE obj)
     }
     klass = RBASIC(obj)->klass;
     if (!FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON)) return Qnil;
-    if (rb_ivar_get(klass, id_attached) != obj) return Qnil;
+    if (rb_attr_get(klass, id_attached) != obj) return Qnil;
     return klass;
 }
 
@@ -1603,7 +1907,7 @@ rb_singleton_class_get(VALUE obj)
  * Returns the singleton class of \a obj. Creates it if necessary.
  *
  * \param obj an arbitrary object.
- * \throw TypeError if \a obj is a Fixnum or a Symbol.
+ * \throw TypeError if \a obj is an Integer or a Symbol.
  * \return the singleton class.
  *
  * \post \a obj has its own singleton class.
@@ -1636,6 +1940,9 @@ rb_singleton_class(VALUE obj)
  * \{
  */
 
+#ifdef rb_define_singleton_method
+#undef rb_define_singleton_method
+#endif
 /*!
  * Defines a singleton method for \a obj.
  * \param obj    an arbitrary object
@@ -1649,8 +1956,9 @@ rb_define_singleton_method(VALUE obj, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS),
     rb_define_method(singleton_class_of(obj), name, func, argc);
 }
 
-
-
+#ifdef rb_define_module_function
+#undef rb_define_module_function
+#endif
 /*!
  * Defines a module function for \a module.
  * \param module  an module or a class.
@@ -1665,7 +1973,9 @@ rb_define_module_function(VALUE module, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS)
     rb_define_singleton_method(module, name, func, argc);
 }
 
-
+#ifdef rb_define_global_function
+#undef rb_define_global_function
+#endif
 /*!
  * Defines a global function
  * \param name    name of the function
@@ -1704,167 +2014,22 @@ rb_define_attr(VALUE klass, const char *name, int read, int write)
     rb_attr(klass, rb_intern(name), read, write, FALSE);
 }
 
-int
-rb_obj_basic_to_s_p(VALUE obj)
-{
-    const rb_method_entry_t *me = rb_method_entry(CLASS_OF(obj), rb_intern("to_s"), 0);
-    if (me && me->def && me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_CFUNC &&
-	me->def->body.cfunc.func == rb_any_to_s)
-	return 1;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-#include <stdarg.h>
-
-int
-rb_scan_args(int argc, const VALUE *argv, const char *fmt, ...)
-{
-    int i;
-    const char *p = fmt;
-    VALUE *var;
-    va_list vargs;
-    int f_var = 0, f_hash = 0, f_block = 0;
-    int n_lead = 0, n_opt = 0, n_trail = 0, n_mand;
-    int argi = 0;
-    VALUE hash = Qnil;
-
-    if (ISDIGIT(*p)) {
-	n_lead = *p - '0';
-	p++;
-	if (ISDIGIT(*p)) {
-	    n_opt = *p - '0';
-	    p++;
-	    if (ISDIGIT(*p)) {
-		n_trail = *p - '0';
-		p++;
-		goto block_arg;
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-    if (*p == '*') {
-	f_var = 1;
-	p++;
-	if (ISDIGIT(*p)) {
-	    n_trail = *p - '0';
-	    p++;
-	}
-    }
-  block_arg:
-    if (*p == ':') {
-	f_hash = 1;
-	p++;
-    }
-    if (*p == '&') {
-	f_block = 1;
-	p++;
-    }
-    if (*p != '\0') {
-	rb_fatal("bad scan arg format: %s", fmt);
-    }
-    n_mand = n_lead + n_trail;
-
-    if (argc < n_mand)
-	goto argc_error;
-
-    va_start(vargs, fmt);
-
-    /* capture an option hash - phase 1: pop */
-    if (f_hash && n_mand < argc) {
-	VALUE last = argv[argc - 1];
-
-	if (NIL_P(last)) {
-	    /* nil is taken as an empty option hash only if it is not
-	       ambiguous; i.e. '*' is not specified and arguments are
-	       given more than sufficient */
-	    if (!f_var && n_mand + n_opt < argc)
-		argc--;
-	}
-	else {
-	    hash = rb_check_hash_type(last);
-	    if (!NIL_P(hash)) {
-		VALUE opts = rb_extract_keywords(&hash);
-		if (!hash) argc--;
-		hash = opts ? opts : Qnil;
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-    /* capture leading mandatory arguments */
-    for (i = n_lead; i-- > 0; ) {
-	var = va_arg(vargs, VALUE *);
-	if (var) *var = argv[argi];
-	argi++;
-    }
-    /* capture optional arguments */
-    for (i = n_opt; i-- > 0; ) {
-	var = va_arg(vargs, VALUE *);
-	if (argi < argc - n_trail) {
-	    if (var) *var = argv[argi];
-	    argi++;
-	}
-	else {
-	    if (var) *var = Qnil;
-	}
-    }
-    /* capture variable length arguments */
-    if (f_var) {
-	int n_var = argc - argi - n_trail;
-
-	var = va_arg(vargs, VALUE *);
-	if (0 < n_var) {
-	    if (var) *var = rb_ary_new4(n_var, &argv[argi]);
-	    argi += n_var;
-	}
-	else {
-	    if (var) *var = rb_ary_new();
-	}
-    }
-    /* capture trailing mandatory arguments */
-    for (i = n_trail; i-- > 0; ) {
-	var = va_arg(vargs, VALUE *);
-	if (var) *var = argv[argi];
-	argi++;
-    }
-    /* capture an option hash - phase 2: assignment */
-    if (f_hash) {
-	var = va_arg(vargs, VALUE *);
-	if (var) *var = hash;
-    }
-    /* capture iterator block */
-    if (f_block) {
-	var = va_arg(vargs, VALUE *);
-	if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	    *var = rb_block_proc();
-	}
-	else {
-	    *var = Qnil;
-	}
-    }
-    va_end(vargs);
-
-    if (argi < argc) {
-      argc_error:
-	rb_error_arity(argc, n_mand, f_var ? UNLIMITED_ARGUMENTS : n_mand + n_opt);
-    }
-
-    return argc;
-}
-
-VALUE
+MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED VALUE
 rb_keyword_error_new(const char *error, VALUE keys)
 {
-    const char *msg = "";
-    VALUE error_message;
+    long i = 0, len = RARRAY_LEN(keys);
+    VALUE error_message = rb_sprintf("%s keyword%.*s", error, len > 1, "s");
 
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(keys) == 1) {
-	keys = RARRAY_AREF(keys, 0);
-    }
-    else {
-	keys = rb_ary_join(keys, rb_usascii_str_new2(", "));
-	msg = "s";
+    if (len > 0) {
+	rb_str_cat_cstr(error_message, ": ");
+	while (1) {
+            const VALUE k = RARRAY_AREF(keys, i);
+	    rb_str_append(error_message, rb_inspect(k));
+	    if (++i >= len) break;
+	    rb_str_cat_cstr(error_message, ", ");
+	}
     }
 
-    error_message = rb_sprintf("%s keyword%s: %"PRIsVALUE, error, msg, keys);
-
     return rb_exc_new_str(rb_eArgError, error_message);
 }
 
@@ -1879,23 +2044,19 @@ NORETURN(static void unknown_keyword_error(VALUE hash, const ID *table, int keyw
 static void
 unknown_keyword_error(VALUE hash, const ID *table, int keywords)
 {
-    st_table *tbl = rb_hash_tbl_raw(hash);
-    VALUE keys;
     int i;
     for (i = 0; i < keywords; i++) {
 	st_data_t key = ID2SYM(table[i]);
-	st_delete(tbl, &key, NULL);
+        rb_hash_stlike_delete(hash, &key, NULL);
     }
-    keys = rb_funcall(hash, rb_intern("keys"), 0, 0);
-    if (!RB_TYPE_P(keys, T_ARRAY)) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown keyword");
-    rb_keyword_error("unknown", keys);
+    rb_keyword_error("unknown", rb_hash_keys(hash));
 }
 
+
 static int
 separate_symbol(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t arg)
 {
     VALUE *kwdhash = (VALUE *)arg;
-
     if (!SYMBOL_P(key)) kwdhash++;
     if (!*kwdhash) *kwdhash = rb_hash_new();
     rb_hash_aset(*kwdhash, (VALUE)key, (VALUE)value);
@@ -1912,10 +2073,10 @@ rb_extract_keywords(VALUE *orighash)
 	*orighash = 0;
 	return hash;
     }
-    st_foreach(rb_hash_tbl_raw(hash), separate_symbol, (st_data_t)&parthash);
+    rb_hash_foreach(hash, separate_symbol, (st_data_t)&parthash);
     *orighash = parthash[1];
     if (parthash[1] && RBASIC_CLASS(hash) != rb_cHash) {
-	RBASIC_SET_CLASS(parthash[1], RBASIC_CLASS(hash));
+        RBASIC_SET_CLASS(parthash[1], RBASIC_CLASS(hash));
     }
     return parthash[0];
 }
@@ -1930,8 +2091,8 @@ rb_get_kwargs(VALUE keyword_hash, const ID *table, int required, int optional, V
 
 #define extract_kwarg(keyword, val) \
     (key = (st_data_t)(keyword), values ? \
-     st_delete(rb_hash_tbl_raw(keyword_hash), &key, (val)) : \
-     st_lookup(rb_hash_tbl_raw(keyword_hash), key, (val)))
+     (rb_hash_stlike_delete(keyword_hash, &key, &(val)) || ((val) = Qundef, 0)) : \
+     rb_hash_stlike_lookup(keyword_hash, key, NULL))
 
     if (NIL_P(keyword_hash)) keyword_hash = 0;
 
@@ -1939,18 +2100,11 @@ rb_get_kwargs(VALUE keyword_hash, const ID *table, int required, int optional, V
 	rest = 1;
 	optional = -1-optional;
     }
-    if (values) {
-	for (j = 0; j < required + optional; j++) {
-	    values[j] = Qundef;
-	}
-    }
     if (required) {
 	for (; i < required; i++) {
 	    VALUE keyword = ID2SYM(table[i]);
 	    if (keyword_hash) {
-		st_data_t val;
-		if (extract_kwarg(keyword, &val)) {
-		    if (values) values[i] = (VALUE)val;
+                if (extract_kwarg(keyword, values[i])) {
 		    continue;
 		}
 	    }
@@ -1964,9 +2118,7 @@ rb_get_kwargs(VALUE keyword_hash, const ID *table, int required, int optional, V
     j = i;
     if (optional && keyword_hash) {
 	for (i = 0; i < optional; i++) {
-	    st_data_t val;
-	    if (extract_kwarg(ID2SYM(table[required+i]), &val)) {
-		if (values) values[required+i] = (VALUE)val;
+            if (extract_kwarg(ID2SYM(table[required+i]), values[required+i])) {
 		j++;
 	    }
 	}
@@ -1976,10 +2128,201 @@ rb_get_kwargs(VALUE keyword_hash, const ID *table, int required, int optional, V
 	    unknown_keyword_error(keyword_hash, table, required+optional);
 	}
     }
+    if (values && !keyword_hash) {
+        for (i = 0; i < required + optional; i++) {
+            values[i] = Qundef;
+        }
+    }
     return j;
 #undef extract_kwarg
 }
 
+struct rb_scan_args_t {
+    int kw_flag;
+    int n_lead;
+    int n_opt;
+    int n_trail;
+    bool f_var;
+    bool f_hash;
+    bool f_block;
+};
+
+static void
+rb_scan_args_parse(int kw_flag, const char *fmt, struct rb_scan_args_t *arg)
+{
+    const char *p = fmt;
+
+    memset(arg, 0, sizeof(*arg));
+    arg->kw_flag = kw_flag;
+
+    if (ISDIGIT(*p)) {
+        arg->n_lead = *p - '0';
+	p++;
+	if (ISDIGIT(*p)) {
+            arg->n_opt = *p - '0';
+	    p++;
+	}
+    }
+    if (*p == '*') {
+        arg->f_var = 1;
+	p++;
+    }
+    if (ISDIGIT(*p)) {
+        arg->n_trail = *p - '0';
+	p++;
+    }
+    if (*p == ':') {
+        arg->f_hash = 1;
+	p++;
+    }
+    if (*p == '&') {
+        arg->f_block = 1;
+	p++;
+    }
+    if (*p != '\0') {
+	rb_fatal("bad scan arg format: %s", fmt);
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+rb_scan_args_assign(const struct rb_scan_args_t *arg, int argc, const VALUE *const argv, va_list vargs)
+{
+    int i, argi = 0;
+    VALUE *var, hash = Qnil;
+#define rb_scan_args_next_param() va_arg(vargs, VALUE *)
+    const int kw_flag = arg->kw_flag;
+    const int n_lead = arg->n_lead;
+    const int n_opt = arg->n_opt;
+    const int n_trail = arg->n_trail;
+    const int n_mand = n_lead + n_trail;
+    const bool f_var = arg->f_var;
+    const bool f_hash = arg->f_hash;
+    const bool f_block = arg->f_block;
+
+    /* capture an option hash - phase 1: pop from the argv */
+    if (f_hash && argc > 0) {
+        VALUE last = argv[argc - 1];
+        if (rb_scan_args_keyword_p(kw_flag, last)) {
+            hash = rb_hash_dup(last);
+            argc--;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (argc < n_mand) {
+        goto argc_error;
+    }
+
+    /* capture leading mandatory arguments */
+    for (i = 0; i < n_lead; i++) {
+        var = rb_scan_args_next_param();
+        if (var) *var = argv[argi];
+	argi++;
+    }
+    /* capture optional arguments */
+    for (i = 0; i < n_opt; i++) {
+        var = rb_scan_args_next_param();
+        if (argi < argc - n_trail) {
+            if (var) *var = argv[argi];
+	    argi++;
+	}
+	else {
+	    if (var) *var = Qnil;
+	}
+    }
+    /* capture variable length arguments */
+    if (f_var) {
+        int n_var = argc - argi - n_trail;
+
+        var = rb_scan_args_next_param();
+	if (0 < n_var) {
+            if (var) *var = rb_ary_new_from_values(n_var, &argv[argi]);
+	    argi += n_var;
+	}
+	else {
+	    if (var) *var = rb_ary_new();
+	}
+    }
+    /* capture trailing mandatory arguments */
+    for (i = 0; i < n_trail; i++) {
+        var = rb_scan_args_next_param();
+        if (var) *var = argv[argi];
+	argi++;
+    }
+    /* capture an option hash - phase 2: assignment */
+    if (f_hash) {
+        var = rb_scan_args_next_param();
+        if (var) *var = hash;
+    }
+    /* capture iterator block */
+    if (f_block) {
+        var = rb_scan_args_next_param();
+	if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+	    *var = rb_block_proc();
+	}
+	else {
+	    *var = Qnil;
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (argi == argc) {
+        return argc;
+    }
+
+  argc_error:
+    return -(argc + 1);
+#undef rb_scan_args_next_param
+}
+
+static int
+rb_scan_args_result(const struct rb_scan_args_t *const arg, int argc)
+{
+    const int n_lead = arg->n_lead;
+    const int n_opt = arg->n_opt;
+    const int n_trail = arg->n_trail;
+    const int n_mand = n_lead + n_trail;
+    const bool f_var = arg->f_var;
+
+    if (argc >= 0) {
+        return argc;
+    }
+
+    argc = -argc - 1;
+    rb_error_arity(argc, n_mand, f_var ? UNLIMITED_ARGUMENTS : n_mand + n_opt);
+    UNREACHABLE_RETURN(-1);
+}
+
+#undef rb_scan_args
+int
+rb_scan_args(int argc, const VALUE *argv, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list vargs;
+    struct rb_scan_args_t arg;
+    rb_scan_args_parse(RB_SCAN_ARGS_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS, fmt, &arg);
+    va_start(vargs,fmt);
+    argc = rb_scan_args_assign(&arg, argc, argv, vargs);
+    va_end(vargs);
+    return rb_scan_args_result(&arg, argc);
+}
+
+#undef rb_scan_args_kw
+int
+rb_scan_args_kw(int kw_flag, int argc, const VALUE *argv, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list vargs;
+    struct rb_scan_args_t arg;
+    rb_scan_args_parse(kw_flag, fmt, &arg);
+    va_start(vargs,fmt);
+    argc = rb_scan_args_assign(&arg, argc, argv, vargs);
+    va_end(vargs);
+    return rb_scan_args_result(&arg, argc);
+}
+
+int
+rb_class_has_methods(VALUE c)
+{
+    return rb_id_table_size(RCLASS_M_TBL(c)) == 0 ? FALSE : TRUE;
+}
+
 /*!
  * \}
  */
diff --git a/common.mk b/common.mk
index a5ce202910..2c76f24924 100644
--- a/common.mk
+++ b/common.mk
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+# -*- mode: makefile-gmake; indent-tabs-mode: t -*-
+
 bin: $(PROGRAM) $(WPROGRAM)
 lib: $(LIBRUBY)
 dll: $(LIBRUBY_SO)
 
-.SUFFIXES: .inc .h .c .y .i .$(DTRACE_EXT)
+.SUFFIXES: .rbinc .rb .inc .h .c .y .i .$(ASMEXT) .$(DTRACE_EXT)
 
 # V=0 quiet, V=1 verbose.  other values don't work.
 V = 0
@@ -11,41 +13,84 @@ Q = $(Q1:0=@)
 ECHO0 = $(ECHO1:0=echo)
 ECHO = @$(ECHO0)
 
-UNICODE_VERSION = 7.0.0
+mflags = $(MFLAGS)
+gnumake_recursive =
+enable_shared = $(ENABLE_SHARED:no=)
+
+UNICODE_VERSION = 12.1.0
+UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION = 12.1
+UNICODE_BETA = NO
 
+### set the following environment variable or uncomment the line if
+### the Unicode data files should be updated completely on every update ('make up',...).
+# ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE = yes
+UNICODE_DATA_DIR = enc/unicode/data/$(UNICODE_VERSION)/ucd
+UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR = $(srcdir)/$(UNICODE_DATA_DIR)
+UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR = $(srcdir)/enc/unicode/data/emoji/$(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION)
+UNICODE_HDR_DIR = $(srcdir)/enc/unicode/$(UNICODE_VERSION)
+UNICODE_DATA_HEADERS = \
+	$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)/casefold.h \
+	$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)/name2ctype.h \
+	$(empty)
+
+RUBY_RELEASE_DATE = $(RUBY_RELEASE_YEAR)-$(RUBY_RELEASE_MONTH)-$(RUBY_RELEASE_DAY)
 RUBYLIB       = $(PATH_SEPARATOR)
 RUBYOPT       = -
 RUN_OPTS      = --disable-gems
 
-SPEC_GIT_BASE = git://github.com/ruby
-MSPEC_GIT_URL = $(SPEC_GIT_BASE)/mspec.git
-RUBYSPEC_GIT_URL = $(SPEC_GIT_BASE)/rubyspec.git
+# GITPULLOPTIONS = --no-tags
 
-SIMPLECOV_GIT_URL = git://github.com/hsbt/simplecov.git
+INCFLAGS = -I. -I$(arch_hdrdir) -I$(hdrdir) -I$(srcdir) -I$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)
+
+GEM_HOME =
+GEM_PATH =
+GEM_VENDOR =
+
+BENCHMARK_DRIVER_GIT_URL = https://github.com/benchmark-driver/benchmark-driver
+BENCHMARK_DRIVER_GIT_REF = v0.15.15
+SIMPLECOV_GIT_URL = https://github.com/colszowka/simplecov.git
+SIMPLECOV_GIT_REF = v0.17.0
+SIMPLECOV_HTML_GIT_URL = https://github.com/colszowka/simplecov-html.git
+SIMPLECOV_HTML_GIT_REF = v0.10.2
+DOCLIE_GIT_URL = https://github.com/ms-ati/docile.git
+DOCLIE_GIT_REF = v1.3.2
 
 STATIC_RUBY   = static-ruby
 
+TIMESTAMPDIR  = $(EXTOUT)/.timestamp
+RUBYCOMMONDIR = $(EXTOUT)/common
 EXTCONF       = extconf.rb
 LIBRUBY_EXTS  = ./.libruby-with-ext.time
 REVISION_H    = ./.revision.time
-PLATFORM_D    = ./$(PLATFORM_DIR)/.time
+PLATFORM_D    = $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.$(PLATFORM_DIR).time
+ENC_TRANS_D   = $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.enc-trans.time
+RDOC          = $(XRUBY) "$(srcdir)/libexec/rdoc" --root "$(srcdir)" --encoding=UTF-8 --all
 RDOCOUT       = $(EXTOUT)/rdoc
 HTMLOUT       = $(EXTOUT)/html
 CAPIOUT       = doc/capi
+INSTALL_DOC_OPTS = --rdoc-output="$(RDOCOUT)" --html-output="$(HTMLOUT)"
+RDOC_GEN_OPTS = --page-dir "$(srcdir)/doc" --no-force-update
 
 INITOBJS      = dmyext.$(OBJEXT) dmyenc.$(OBJEXT)
 NORMALMAINOBJ = main.$(OBJEXT)
 MAINOBJ       = $(NORMALMAINOBJ)
 DLDOBJS	      = $(INITOBJS)
 EXTSOLIBS     =
-MINIOBJS      = $(ARCHMINIOBJS) miniinit.$(OBJEXT) miniprelude.$(OBJEXT)
+MINIOBJS      = $(ARCHMINIOBJS) miniinit.$(OBJEXT) dmyext.$(OBJEXT)
 ENC_MK        = enc.mk
+MAKE_ENC      = -f $(ENC_MK) V="$(V)" UNICODE_HDR_DIR="$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)" \
+		RUBY="$(MINIRUBY)" MINIRUBY="$(MINIRUBY)" $(mflags)
 
 COMMONOBJS    = array.$(OBJEXT) \
+		ast.$(OBJEXT) \
 		bignum.$(OBJEXT) \
 		class.$(OBJEXT) \
 		compar.$(OBJEXT) \
+		compile.$(OBJEXT) \
 		complex.$(OBJEXT) \
+		cont.$(OBJEXT) \
+		debug.$(OBJEXT) \
+		debug_counter.$(OBJEXT) \
 		dir.$(OBJEXT) \
 		dln_find.$(OBJEXT) \
 		encoding.$(OBJEXT) \
@@ -53,21 +98,26 @@ COMMONOBJS    = array.$(OBJEXT) \
 		enumerator.$(OBJEXT) \
 		error.$(OBJEXT) \
 		eval.$(OBJEXT) \
-		load.$(OBJEXT) \
-		proc.$(OBJEXT) \
 		file.$(OBJEXT) \
 		gc.$(OBJEXT) \
 		hash.$(OBJEXT) \
 		inits.$(OBJEXT) \
 		io.$(OBJEXT) \
+		iseq.$(OBJEXT) \
+		load.$(OBJEXT) \
 		marshal.$(OBJEXT) \
 		math.$(OBJEXT) \
+		memory_view.$(OBJEXT) \
+		mjit.$(OBJEXT) \
+		mjit_compile.$(OBJEXT) \
 		node.$(OBJEXT) \
 		numeric.$(OBJEXT) \
 		object.$(OBJEXT) \
 		pack.$(OBJEXT) \
 		parse.$(OBJEXT) \
+		proc.$(OBJEXT) \
 		process.$(OBJEXT) \
+		ractor.$(OBJEXT) \
 		random.$(OBJEXT) \
 		range.$(OBJEXT) \
 		rational.$(OBJEXT) \
@@ -79,7 +129,7 @@ COMMONOBJS    = array.$(OBJEXT) \
 		regparse.$(OBJEXT) \
 		regsyntax.$(OBJEXT) \
 		ruby.$(OBJEXT) \
-		safe.$(OBJEXT) \
+		scheduler.$(OBJEXT) \
 		signal.$(OBJEXT) \
 		sprintf.$(OBJEXT) \
 		st.$(OBJEXT) \
@@ -87,20 +137,19 @@ COMMONOBJS    = array.$(OBJEXT) \
 		string.$(OBJEXT) \
 		struct.$(OBJEXT) \
 		symbol.$(OBJEXT) \
+		thread.$(OBJEXT) \
 		time.$(OBJEXT) \
 		transcode.$(OBJEXT) \
+		transient_heap.$(OBJEXT) \
 		util.$(OBJEXT) \
 		variable.$(OBJEXT) \
 		version.$(OBJEXT) \
-		compile.$(OBJEXT) \
-		debug.$(OBJEXT) \
-		iseq.$(OBJEXT) \
 		vm.$(OBJEXT) \
-		vm_dump.$(OBJEXT) \
 		vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT) \
+		vm_dump.$(OBJEXT) \
+		vm_sync.$(OBJEXT) \
 		vm_trace.$(OBJEXT) \
-		thread.$(OBJEXT) \
-		cont.$(OBJEXT) \
+		$(COROUTINE_OBJ) \
 		$(DTRACE_OBJ) \
 		$(BUILTIN_ENCOBJS) \
 		$(BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS) \
@@ -111,15 +160,15 @@ EXPORTOBJS    = $(DLNOBJ) \
 		loadpath.$(OBJEXT) \
 		$(COMMONOBJS)
 
-OBJS          = $(EXPORTOBJS) prelude.$(OBJEXT)
+OBJS          = $(EXPORTOBJS) builtin.$(OBJEXT)
 ALLOBJS       = $(NORMALMAINOBJ) $(MINIOBJS) $(COMMONOBJS) $(INITOBJS)
 
 GOLFOBJS      = goruby.$(OBJEXT) golf_prelude.$(OBJEXT)
 
 DEFAULT_PRELUDES = $(GEM_PRELUDE)
-PRELUDE_SCRIPTS = $(srcdir)/prelude.rb $(srcdir)/enc/prelude.rb $(DEFAULT_PRELUDES)
-GEM_PRELUDE   = $(srcdir)/gem_prelude.rb
-PRELUDES      = {$(srcdir)}prelude.c {$(srcdir)}miniprelude.c
+PRELUDE_SCRIPTS = $(DEFAULT_PRELUDES)
+GEM_PRELUDE   =
+PRELUDES      = {$(srcdir)}miniprelude.c
 GOLFPRELUDES  = {$(srcdir)}golf_prelude.c
 
 SCRIPT_ARGS   =	--dest-dir="$(DESTDIR)" \
@@ -127,9 +176,10 @@ SCRIPT_ARGS   =	--dest-dir="$(DESTDIR)" \
 		--mflags="$(MFLAGS)" \
 		--make-flags="$(MAKEFLAGS)"
 EXTMK_ARGS    =	$(SCRIPT_ARGS) --extension $(EXTS) --extstatic $(EXTSTATIC) \
-		--make-flags="V=$(V) MINIRUBY='$(MINIRUBY)'" --gnumake=$(gnumake) \
+		--make-flags="V=$(V) MINIRUBY='$(MINIRUBY)'" \
+		--gnumake=$(gnumake) --extflags="$(EXTLDFLAGS)" \
 		--
-INSTRUBY      =	$(SUDO) $(RUNRUBY) -r./$(arch)-fake $(srcdir)/tool/rbinstall.rb
+INSTRUBY      =	$(SUDO) $(RUNRUBY) -r./$(arch)-fake $(tooldir)/rbinstall.rb
 INSTRUBY_ARGS =	$(SCRIPT_ARGS) \
 		--data-mode=$(INSTALL_DATA_MODE) \
 		--prog-mode=$(INSTALL_PROG_MODE) \
@@ -138,27 +188,69 @@ INSTRUBY_ARGS =	$(SCRIPT_ARGS) \
 INSTALL_PROG_MODE = 0755
 INSTALL_DATA_MODE = 0644
 
-PRE_LIBRUBY_UPDATE = $(MINIRUBY) -e 'ARGV[1] or File.unlink(ARGV[0]) rescue nil' -- \
-			$(LIBRUBY_EXTS) $(LIBRUBY_SO_UPDATE)
-
 TESTSDIR      = $(srcdir)/test
+TOOL_TESTSDIR = $(tooldir)/test
+TEST_EXCLUDES = --excludes-dir=$(TESTSDIR)/excludes --name=!/memory_leak/
 TESTWORKDIR   = testwork
+TESTOPTS      = $(RUBY_TESTOPTS)
 
 TESTRUN_SCRIPT = $(srcdir)/test.rb
 
-BOOTSTRAPRUBY = $(BASERUBY)
+COMPILE_PRELUDE = $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/prelude.c.tmpl \
+	$(tooldir)/ruby_vm/helpers/c_escape.rb
+
+SHOWFLAGS = showflags
 
-COMPILE_PRELUDE = $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/prelude.c.tmpl
+MAKE_LINK = $(MINIRUBY) -rfileutils -e "include FileUtils::Verbose" \
+	  -e "src, dest = ARGV" \
+	  -e "exit if File.identical?(src, dest) or cmp(src, dest) rescue nil" \
+	  -e "def noraise; yield; rescue; rescue NotImplementedError; end" \
+	  -e "noraise {ln_sf('../'*dest.count('/')+src, dest)} or" \
+	  -e "noraise {ln(src, dest)} or" \
+	  -e "cp(src, dest)"
 
-all: showflags main docs
 
-main: showflags exts $(ENCSTATIC:static=lib)encs
+all: $(SHOWFLAGS) main docs
+
+main: $(SHOWFLAGS) exts $(ENCSTATIC:static=lib)encs programs
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
+mjit-headers: $(MJIT_SUPPORT)-mjit-headers
+no-mjit-headers: PHONY
+yes-mjit-headers: mjit_config.h PHONY
+
+mjit.$(OBJEXT): mjit_config.h
+mjit_config.h: Makefile
+
+
+# These rules using MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX must be in common.mk, not
+# Makefile.in, in order to override the macro in defs/universal.mk.
+
+# Other `-Dxxx`s preceding `-DMJIT_HEADER` will be removed in transform_mjit_header.rb.
+# So `-DMJIT_HEADER` should be passed first when rb_mjit_header.h is generated.
+$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)$(MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX).time: probes.h vm.$(OBJEXT) \
+		$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(arch)/.time $(tooldir)/mjit_tabs.rb $(PREP) $(RBCONFIG)
+	$(ECHO) building $(@F:.time=.h)
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/mjit_tabs.rb "$(MJIT_TABS)" \
+		$(CPP) -DMJIT_HEADER $(MJIT_HEADER_FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(XCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(srcdir)/vm.c $(CPPOUTFLAG)$(@F:.time=.h).new
+	$(Q) $(IFCHANGE) "--timestamp=$@" $(@F:.time=.h) $(@F:.time=.h).new
+
+$(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)$(MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX).h: $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)$(MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX).time
+
+$(MJIT_MIN_HEADER:.h=)$(MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX).h: \
+		$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)$(MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX).time \
+		$(tooldir)/transform_mjit_header.rb $(PREP) \
+		$(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)$(MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX).h
+	$(ECHO) building $@
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/transform_mjit_header.rb "$(CC) $(ARCH_FLAG) $(CFLAGS)" $(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)$(MJIT_HEADER_ARCH).h $@
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(MJIT_HEADER_INSTALL_DIR)
+	$(Q) $(MAKE_LINK) $@ $(MJIT_HEADER_INSTALL_DIR)/$(@F)
+
 .PHONY: showflags
-exts enc trans: showflags
+exts enc trans: $(SHOWFLAGS)
 showflags:
 	$(MESSAGE_BEGIN) \
+	"	BASERUBY = $(BASERUBY)" \
 	"	CC = $(CC)" \
 	"	LD = $(LD)" \
 	"	LDSHARED = $(LDSHARED)" \
@@ -167,6 +259,10 @@ showflags:
 	"	CPPFLAGS = $(CPPFLAGS)" \
 	"	DLDFLAGS = $(DLDFLAGS)" \
 	"	SOLIBS = $(SOLIBS)" \
+	"	LANG = $(LANG)" \
+	"	LC_ALL = $(LC_ALL)" \
+	"	LC_CTYPE = $(LC_CTYPE)" \
+	"	MFLAGS = $(MFLAGS)" \
 	$(MESSAGE_END)
 	-@$(CC_VERSION)
 
@@ -176,20 +272,44 @@ showconfig:
 	$(configure_args) \
 	$(ECHO_END)
 
+EXTS_NOTE = -f $(EXTS_MK) $(mflags) RUBY="$(MINIRUBY)" top_srcdir="$(srcdir)" note
+
 exts: build-ext
 
 EXTS_MK = exts.mk
-$(EXTS_MK): $(MKFILES) all-incs $(PREP) $(RBCONFIG) $(LIBRUBY)
+$(EXTS_MK): ext/configure-ext.mk $(srcdir)/template/exts.mk.tmpl \
+	    $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(arch)/.time $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.RUBYCOMMONDIR.time
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f ext/configure-ext.mk $(mflags) V=$(V) EXTSTATIC=$(EXTSTATIC) \
+		gnumake=$(gnumake) MINIRUBY="$(MINIRUBY)" \
+		EXTLDFLAGS="$(EXTLDFLAGS)" srcdir="$(srcdir)"
 	$(ECHO) generating makefile $@
-	$(Q)$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/ext/extmk.rb --make="$(MAKE)" --command-output=$(EXTS_MK) $(EXTMK_ARGS) configure
+	$(Q)$(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -o $@ -c \
+	    $(srcdir)/template/exts.mk.tmpl --gnumake=$(gnumake) --configure-exts=ext/configure-ext.mk
+
+ext/configure-ext.mk: $(PREP) all-incs $(MKFILES) $(RBCONFIG) $(LIBRUBY) \
+		$(srcdir)/template/configure-ext.mk.tmpl
+	$(ECHO) generating makefiles $@
+	$(Q)$(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	$(Q)$(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -o $@ -c \
+	    $(srcdir)/template/$(@F).tmpl --srcdir="$(srcdir)" \
+	    --miniruby="$(MINIRUBY)" --script-args='$(SCRIPT_ARGS)'
 
 configure-ext: $(EXTS_MK)
 
 build-ext: $(EXTS_MK)
-	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(EXTS_MK) $(MFLAGS) libdir="$(libdir)" LIBRUBY_EXTS=$(LIBRUBY_EXTS) \
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(EXTS_MK) $(mflags) libdir="$(libdir)" LIBRUBY_EXTS=$(LIBRUBY_EXTS) \
 	    EXTENCS="$(ENCOBJS)" UPDATE_LIBRARIES=no $(EXTSTATIC)
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(EXTS_NOTE)
+
+exts-note: $(EXTS_MK)
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(EXTS_NOTE)
+
+ext/extinit.c: $(srcdir)/template/extinit.c.tmpl $(PREP)
+	$(Q)$(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -o $@ -c \
+	    $(srcdir)/template/extinit.c.tmpl $(EXTINITS)
 
 prog: program wprogram
+programs: $(PROGRAM) $(WPROGRAM) $(arch)-fake.rb
 
 $(PREP): $(MKFILES)
 
@@ -198,41 +318,53 @@ miniruby$(EXEEXT): config.status $(ALLOBJS) $(ARCHFILE)
 objs: $(ALLOBJS)
 
 GORUBY = go$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)
-golf: $(LIBRUBY) $(GOLFOBJS) PHONY
-	$(Q) $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) MAINOBJ="$(GOLFOBJS)" PROGRAM=$(GORUBY)$(EXEEXT) program
+GOLF = $(GORUBY)
+golf: $(GOLF)
+$(GOLF): $(LIBRUBY) $(GOLFOBJS) PHONY
+	$(Q) $(MAKE) $(mflags) \
+		GOLF=_dummy_golf_target_to_avoid_conflict_just_in_case_ \
+		MAINOBJ=goruby.$(OBJEXT) \
+		EXTOBJS="golf_prelude.$(OBJEXT) $(EXTOBJS)" \
+		PROGRAM=$(GORUBY)$(EXEEXT) \
+		V=$(V) \
+	program
 capi: $(CAPIOUT)/.timestamp PHONY
 
 $(CAPIOUT)/.timestamp: Doxyfile $(PREP)
 	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(@D)"
 	$(ECHO) generating capi
 	-$(Q) $(DOXYGEN) -b
-	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) -e 'File.open(ARGV[0], "w"){|f| f.puts(Time.now)}' "$@"
+	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) -e 'File.open(ARGV[0], "w"){'"|f|"' f.puts(Time.now)}' "$@"
 
-Doxyfile: $(srcdir)/template/Doxyfile.tmpl $(PREP) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb $(RBCONFIG)
+Doxyfile: $(srcdir)/template/Doxyfile.tmpl $(PREP) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(RBCONFIG)
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/Doxyfile.tmpl \
+	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/Doxyfile.tmpl \
 	--srcdir="$(srcdir)" --miniruby="$(MINIRUBY)"
 
-program: showflags $(PROGRAM)
-wprogram: showflags $(WPROGRAM)
+program: $(SHOWFLAGS) $(PROGRAM)
+wprogram: $(SHOWFLAGS) $(WPROGRAM)
 mini: PHONY miniruby$(EXEEXT)
 
 $(PROGRAM) $(WPROGRAM): $(LIBRUBY) $(MAINOBJ) $(OBJS) $(EXTOBJS) $(SETUP) $(PREP)
 
 $(LIBRUBY_A):	$(LIBRUBY_A_OBJS) $(MAINOBJ) $(INITOBJS) $(ARCHFILE)
 
-$(LIBRUBY_SO):	$(OBJS) $(DLDOBJS) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(PREP) $(LIBRUBY_SO_UPDATE) $(BUILTIN_ENCOBJS)
+$(LIBRUBY_SO):	$(OBJS) $(DLDOBJS) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(PREP) $(BUILTIN_ENCOBJS)
 
 $(LIBRUBY_EXTS):
-	@exit > $@
+	@$(NULLCMD) > $@
 
 $(STATIC_RUBY)$(EXEEXT): $(MAINOBJ) $(DLDOBJS) $(EXTOBJS) $(LIBRUBY_A)
 	$(Q)$(RM) $@
-	$(PURIFY) $(CC) $(MAINOBJ) $(DLDOBJS) $(EXTOBJS) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(MAINLIBS) $(EXTLIBS) $(LIBS) $(OUTFLAG)$@ $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS)
+	$(PURIFY) $(CC) $(MAINOBJ) $(DLDOBJS) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(MAINLIBS) $(EXTLIBS) $(LIBS) $(OUTFLAG)$@ $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS)
 
 ruby.imp: $(COMMONOBJS)
-	$(Q)$(NM) -Pgp $(COMMONOBJS) | \
-	awk 'BEGIN{print "#!"}; $$2~/^[BDT]$$/&&$$1!~/^(Init_|.*_threadptr_|\.)/{print $$1}' | \
+	$(Q){ \
+	$(NM) -Pgp $(COMMONOBJS) | \
+	awk 'BEGIN{print "#!"}; $$2~/^[A-TV-Z]$$/&&$$1!~/^$(SYMBOL_PREFIX)(Init_|InitVM_|ruby_static_id_|.*_threadptr_|rb_ec_)|^\./{print $$1}'; \
+	($(CHDIR) $(srcdir) && \
+	 exec sed -n '/^MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED/!d;N;s/.*\n\(rb_[a-zA-Z_0-9]*\).*/$(SYMBOL_PREFIX)\1/p' cont.c gc.c thread*c vm*.c) \
+	} | \
 	sort -u -o $@
 
 install: install-$(INSTALLDOC)
@@ -241,17 +373,17 @@ pkgconfig-data: $(ruby_pc)
 $(ruby_pc): $(srcdir)/template/ruby.pc.in config.status
 
 install-all: docs pre-install-all do-install-all post-install-all
-pre-install-all:: all pre-install-local pre-install-ext pre-install-doc
+pre-install-all:: all pre-install-local pre-install-ext pre-install-gem pre-install-doc
 do-install-all: pre-install-all
-	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=all --rdoc-output="$(RDOCOUT)"
-post-install-all:: post-install-local post-install-ext post-install-doc
+	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) $(INSTALL_DOC_OPTS)
+post-install-all:: post-install-local post-install-ext post-install-gem post-install-doc
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
 install-nodoc: pre-install-nodoc do-install-nodoc post-install-nodoc
-pre-install-nodoc:: pre-install-local pre-install-ext
+pre-install-nodoc:: pre-install-local pre-install-ext pre-install-gem
 do-install-nodoc: main pre-install-nodoc
-	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS)
-post-install-nodoc:: post-install-local post-install-ext
+	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --exclude=doc
+post-install-nodoc:: post-install-local post-install-ext post-install-gem
 
 install-local: pre-install-local do-install-local post-install-local
 pre-install-local:: pre-install-bin pre-install-lib pre-install-man
@@ -325,12 +457,12 @@ what-where-all: no-install-all
 no-install-all: pre-no-install-all dont-install-all post-no-install-all
 pre-no-install-all:: pre-no-install-local pre-no-install-ext pre-no-install-doc
 dont-install-all: $(PROGRAM)
-	$(INSTRUBY) -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=all --rdoc-output="$(RDOCOUT)"
+	$(INSTRUBY) -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=all $(INSTALL_DOC_OPTS)
 post-no-install-all:: post-no-install-local post-no-install-ext post-no-install-doc
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
 uninstall: $(INSTALLED_LIST) sudo-precheck
-	$(Q)$(SUDO) $(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/rbuninstall.rb --destdir=$(DESTDIR) $(INSTALLED_LIST)
+	$(Q)$(SUDO) $(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/rbuninstall.rb --destdir=$(DESTDIR) $(INSTALLED_LIST)
 
 reinstall: all uninstall install
 
@@ -412,28 +544,35 @@ post-no-install-man::
 install-doc: rdoc pre-install-doc do-install-doc post-install-doc
 pre-install-doc:: install-prereq
 do-install-doc: $(PROGRAM) pre-install-doc
-	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=rdoc --rdoc-output="$(RDOCOUT)"
+	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=rdoc $(INSTALL_DOC_OPTS)
 post-install-doc::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
 install-gem: pre-install-gem do-install-gem post-install-gem
-pre-install-gem:: pre-install-bin pre-install-lib pre-install-man
+pre-install-gem:: prepare-gems pre-install-bin pre-install-lib pre-install-man
 do-install-gem: $(PROGRAM) pre-install-gem
 	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=gem
 post-install-gem::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
+install-dbg: pre-install-dbg do-install-dbg post-install-dbg
+pre-install-dbg::
+do-install-dbg: $(PROGRAM) pre-install-dbg
+	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=dbg
+post-install-dbg::
+	@$(NULLCMD)
+
 rdoc: PHONY main
 	@echo Generating RDoc documentation
-	$(Q) $(XRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bin/rdoc" --root "$(srcdir)" --page-dir "$(srcdir)/doc" --encoding=UTF-8 --no-force-update --all --ri --op "$(RDOCOUT)" --debug $(RDOCFLAGS) "$(srcdir)"
+	$(Q) $(RDOC) --ri --op "$(RDOCOUT)" $(RDOC_GEN_OPTS) $(RDOCFLAGS) "$(srcdir)"
 
 html: PHONY main
 	@echo Generating RDoc HTML files
-	$(Q) $(XRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bin/rdoc" --root "$(srcdir)" --page-dir "$(srcdir)/doc" --encoding=UTF-8 --no-force-update --all --op "$(HTMLOUT)" --debug $(RDOCFLAGS) "$(srcdir)"
+	$(Q) $(RDOC) --op "$(HTMLOUT)" $(RDOC_GEN_OPTS) $(RDOCFLAGS) "$(srcdir)"
 
 rdoc-coverage: PHONY main
 	@echo Generating RDoc coverage report
-	$(Q) $(XRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bin/rdoc" --root "$(srcdir)" --encoding=UTF-8 --all --quiet -C $(RDOCFLAGS) "$(srcdir)"
+	$(Q) $(RDOC) --quiet -C $(RDOCFLAGS) "$(srcdir)"
 
 RDOCBENCHOUT=/tmp/rdocbench
 
@@ -451,7 +590,7 @@ what-where-doc: no-install-doc
 no-install-doc: pre-no-install-doc dont-install-doc post-no-install-doc
 pre-no-install-doc:: install-prereq
 dont-install-doc:: $(PREP)
-	$(INSTRUBY) -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=rdoc --rdoc-output="$(RDOCOUT)"
+	$(INSTRUBY) -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=rdoc $(INSTALL_DOC_OPTS)
 post-no-install-doc::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
@@ -462,16 +601,21 @@ install-prereq: $(CLEAR_INSTALLED_LIST) yes-fake sudo-precheck PHONY
 clear-installed-list: PHONY
 	@> $(INSTALLED_LIST) set MAKE="$(MAKE)"
 
-clean: clean-ext clean-local clean-enc clean-golf clean-rdoc clean-capi clean-extout clean-platform
+clean: clean-ext clean-enc clean-golf clean-docs clean-extout clean-local clean-platform clean-spec
 clean-local:: clean-runnable
 	$(Q)$(RM) $(OBJS) $(MINIOBJS) $(MAINOBJ) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(LIBRUBY_SO) $(LIBRUBY) $(LIBRUBY_ALIASES)
 	$(Q)$(RM) $(PROGRAM) $(WPROGRAM) miniruby$(EXEEXT) dmyext.$(OBJEXT) dmyenc.$(OBJEXT) $(ARCHFILE) .*.time
-	$(Q)$(RM) y.tab.c y.output encdb.h transdb.h config.log rbconfig.rb $(ruby_pc) probes.h probes.$(OBJEXT) probes.stamp ruby-glommed.$(OBJEXT)
-	$(Q)$(RM) GNUmakefile.old Makefile.old $(arch)-fake.rb
-clean-runnable:: PHONY
-	$(Q)$(CHDIR) bin 2>$(NULL) && $(RM) $(PROGRAM) $(WPROGRAM) $(GORUBY)$(EXEEXT) bin/*.$(DLEXT) 2>$(NULL) || exit 0
-	$(Q)$(CHDIR) lib 2>$(NULL) && $(RM) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(LIBRUBY) $(LIBRUBY_ALIASES) $(RUBY_BASE_NAME)/$(RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION) $(RUBY_BASE_NAME)/vendor_ruby 2>$(NULL) || exit 0
-	$(Q)$(RMDIR) lib/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME) lib bin 2>$(NULL) || exit 0
+	$(Q)$(RM) y.tab.c y.output encdb.h transdb.h config.log rbconfig.rb $(ruby_pc) $(COROUTINE_H:/Context.h=/.time)
+	$(Q)$(RM) probes.h probes.$(OBJEXT) probes.stamp ruby-glommed.$(OBJEXT) ruby.imp ChangeLog $(STATIC_RUBY)$(EXEEXT)
+	$(Q)$(RM) GNUmakefile.old Makefile.old $(arch)-fake.rb bisect.sh $(ENC_TRANS_D) builtin_binary.inc
+	-$(Q) $(RMDIR) enc/jis enc/trans enc $(COROUTINE_H:/Context.h=) coroutine 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
+
+bin/clean-runnable:: PHONY
+	$(Q)$(CHDIR) bin 2>$(NULL) && $(RM) $(PROGRAM) $(WPROGRAM) $(GORUBY)$(EXEEXT) bin/*.$(DLEXT) 2>$(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
+lib/clean-runnable:: PHONY
+	$(Q)$(CHDIR) lib 2>$(NULL) && $(RM) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(LIBRUBY) $(LIBRUBY_ALIASES) $(RUBY_BASE_NAME)/$(RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION) $(RUBY_BASE_NAME)/vendor_ruby 2>$(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
+clean-runnable:: bin/clean-runnable lib/clean-runnable PHONY
+	$(Q)$(RMDIR) lib/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME) lib bin 2>$(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
 clean-ext:: PHONY
 clean-golf: PHONY
 	$(Q)$(RM) $(GORUBY)$(EXEEXT) $(GOLFOBJS)
@@ -480,40 +624,94 @@ clean-html: PHONY
 clean-capi: PHONY
 clean-platform: PHONY
 clean-extout: PHONY
-	-$(Q)$(RMDIR) $(EXTOUT)/$(arch) $(EXTOUT) 2> $(NULL) || exit 0
+	-$(Q)$(RMDIR) $(EXTOUT)/$(arch) $(EXTOUT) 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
 clean-docs: clean-rdoc clean-html clean-capi
+clean-spec: PHONY
+clean-rubyspec: clean-spec
 
-distclean: distclean-ext distclean-local distclean-enc distclean-golf distclean-extout distclean-platform
+distclean: distclean-ext distclean-enc distclean-golf distclean-docs distclean-extout distclean-local distclean-platform distclean-spec
 distclean-local:: clean-local
-	$(Q)$(RM) $(MKFILES) yasmdata.rb *.inc $(arch)-fake.rb
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(MKFILES) yasmdata.rb *.inc $(PRELUDES) *.rbinc
 	$(Q)$(RM) config.cache config.status config.status.lineno
 	$(Q)$(RM) *~ *.bak *.stackdump core *.core gmon.out $(PREP)
+	-$(Q)$(RMALL) $(srcdir)/autom4te.cache
 distclean-ext:: PHONY
 distclean-golf: clean-golf
-distclean-rdoc: PHONY
-distclean-html: PHONY
-distclean-capi: PHONY
+distclean-rdoc: clean-rdoc
+distclean-html: clean-html
+distclean-capi: clean-capi
+distclean-docs: clean-docs
 distclean-extout: clean-extout
 distclean-platform: clean-platform
+distclean-spec: clean-spec
+distclean-rubyspec: distclean-spec
 
 realclean:: realclean-ext realclean-local realclean-enc realclean-golf realclean-extout
-realclean-local:: distclean-local
-	$(Q)$(RM) parse.c parse.h lex.c newline.c $(PRELUDES) revision.h
-	$(Q)$(CHDIR) $(srcdir) && $(exec) $(RM) parse.c parse.h lex.c newline.c $(PRELUDES) revision.h
-	$(Q)$(CHDIR) $(srcdir) && $(exec) $(RM) configure tool/config.guess tool/config.sub gems/*.gem
+realclean-local:: distclean-local realclean-srcs-local
+
+clean-srcs:: clean-srcs-local clean-srcs-ext
+realclean-srcs:: realclean-srcs-local realclean-srcs-ext
+
+clean-srcs-local::
+	$(Q)$(RM) parse.c parse.h lex.c enc/trans/newline.c revision.h
+	$(Q)$(RM) id.c id.h probes.dmyh probes.h
+	$(Q)$(RM) encdb.h transdb.h verconf.h ruby-runner.h
+	$(Q)$(RM) mjit_config.h rb_mjit_header.h
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(MJIT_MIN_HEADER) $(MJIT_MIN_HEADER:.h=)$(MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX:%=*).h
+
+realclean-srcs-local:: clean-srcs-local
+	$(Q)$(CHDIR) $(srcdir) && $(RM) \
+	  parse.c parse.h lex.c enc/trans/newline.c $(PRELUDES) revision.h \
+	  id.c id.h probes.dmyh configure aclocal.m4 tool/config.guess tool/config.sub gems/*.gem \
+	|| $(NULLCMD)
+
+clean-srcs-ext::
+realclean-srcs-ext:: clean-srcs-ext
+
 realclean-ext:: PHONY
 realclean-golf: distclean-golf
 	$(Q)$(RM) $(GOLFPRELUDES)
-realclean-capi: PHONY
+realclean-rdoc: distclean-rdoc
+realclean-html: distclean-html
+realclean-capi: distclean-capi
+realclean-docs: distclean-docs
 realclean-extout: distclean-extout
+realclean-platform: distclean-platform
+realclean-spec: distclean-spec
+realclean-rubyspec: realclean-spec
+
+clean-ext:: ext/clean gems/clean timestamp/clean
+distclean-ext:: ext/distclean gems/distclean timestamp/distclean
+realclean-ext:: ext/realclean gems/realclean timestamp/realclean
+
+ext/clean.mk ext/distclean.mk ext/realclean.mk::
+ext/clean:: ext/clean.mk
+ext/distclean:: ext/distclean.mk
+ext/realclean:: ext/realclean.mk
+
+timestamp/clean:: ext/clean gems/clean
+timestamp/distclean:: ext/distclean gems/distclean
+timestamp/realclean:: ext/realclean gems/realclean
+
+timestamp/clean timestamp/distclean timestamp/realclean::
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.*.time $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(arch)/.time
+	$(Q)$(RMDIRS) $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(arch) $(TIMESTAMPDIR) 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
 
-clean-ext distclean-ext realclean-ext::
-	$(Q)$(RM) $(EXTS_MK)
-	$(Q)$(RM) $(EXTOUT)/.timestamp/.*.time
-	$(Q)$(RMDIR) $(EXTOUT)/.timestamp 2> $(NULL) || exit 0
+clean-ext::
+	-$(Q)$(RM) ext/extinit.$(OBJEXT)
+
+distclean-ext realclean-ext::
+	-$(Q)$(RM) $(EXTS_MK) ext/extinit.* ext/configure-ext.mk
+	-$(Q)$(RMDIR) ext 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
 
 clean-enc distclean-enc realclean-enc: PHONY
 
+clean-enc: clean-enc.d
+
+clean-enc.d: PHONY
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(ENC_TRANS_D)
+	-$(Q) $(RMDIR) enc/jis enc/trans enc 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
+
 clean-rdoc distclean-rdoc realclean-rdoc:
 	@echo $(@:-rdoc=ing) rdoc
 	$(Q)$(RMALL) $(RDOCOUT)
@@ -526,88 +724,143 @@ clean-capi distclean-capi realclean-capi:
 	@echo $(@:-capi=ing) capi
 	$(Q)$(RMALL) $(CAPIOUT)
 
-clean-platform:
+clean-platform distclean-platform realclean-platform:
 	$(Q) $(RM) $(PLATFORM_D)
-	-$(Q) $(RMDIR) $(PLATFORM_DIR) 2> $(NULL) || exit 0
+	-$(Q) $(RMDIR) $(PLATFORM_DIR) 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
 
-check: main test test-all
+RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT = spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext
+clean-spec: PHONY
+	-$(Q) $(RM) $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/*.$(OBJEXT) $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/*.$(DLEXT)
+	-$(Q) $(RMDIRS) $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT) 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
+	-$(Q) $(RMALL) rubyspec_temp
+
+check: main test test-tool test-all test-spec
 	$(ECHO) check succeeded
+	-$(Q) if [ x"$(GIT)" != x ] && $(CHDIR) "$(srcdir)" && \
+	    b=`$(GIT) symbolic-ref --short HEAD 2>&1` && \
+	    u=`$(GIT) branch --list --format='%(upstream:short)' $$b`; then \
+	  set -x; $(GIT) --no-pager log --format=oneline -G "^ *# *include" $$u..HEAD --; \
+	fi
 check-ruby: test test-ruby
 
 fake: $(CROSS_COMPILING)-fake
 yes-fake: $(arch)-fake.rb $(RBCONFIG) PHONY
-no-fake: PHONY
+no-fake -fake: PHONY
+
+# really doesn't depend on .o, just ensure newer than headers which
+# version.o depends on.
+$(arch)-fake.rb: $(srcdir)/template/fake.rb.in $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb version.$(OBJEXT) miniruby$(EXEEXT)
+	$(ECHO) generating $@
+	$(Q) $(CPP) -DRUBY_EXPORT $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) "$(srcdir)/version.c" | \
+	$(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) "$(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb" -o $@ "$(srcdir)/template/fake.rb.in" \
+		i=- srcdir="$(srcdir)" BASERUBY="$(BASERUBY)"
 
 btest: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-btest
 no-btest: PHONY
 yes-btest: fake miniruby$(EXEEXT) PHONY
-	$(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bootstraptest/runner.rb" --ruby="$(BTESTRUBY) $(RUN_OPTS)" $(OPTS) $(TESTOPTS)
+	$(Q)$(exec) $(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bootstraptest/runner.rb" --ruby="$(BTESTRUBY) $(RUN_OPTS)" $(OPTS) $(TESTOPTS) $(BTESTS)
 
 btest-ruby: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-btest-ruby
 no-btest-ruby: PHONY
 yes-btest-ruby: prog PHONY
-	$(Q)$(RUNRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bootstraptest/runner.rb" --ruby="$(PROGRAM) -I$(srcdir)/lib $(RUN_OPTS)" -q $(OPTS) $(TESTOPTS)
+	$(Q)$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bootstraptest/runner.rb" --ruby="$(PROGRAM) -I$(srcdir)/lib $(RUN_OPTS)" -q $(OPTS) $(TESTOPTS) $(BTESTS)
 
-test-sample: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-sample
-no-test-sample: PHONY
-yes-test-sample: prog PHONY
-	$(Q)$(RUNRUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/rubytest.rb --run-opt=$(RUN_OPTS) $(OPTS) $(TESTOPTS)
+rtest: fake miniruby$(EXEEXT) PHONY
+	$(Q)$(exec) $(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bootstraptest/runner.rb" --ruby="$(BTESTRUBY) $(RUN_OPTS)" --sets=ractor -v
+
+test-basic: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-basic
+no-test-basic: PHONY
+yes-test-basic: prog PHONY
+	$(Q)$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(srcdir)/basictest/runner.rb" --run-opt=$(RUN_OPTS) $(OPTS) $(TESTOPTS)
 
 test-knownbugs: test-knownbug
 test-knownbug: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-knownbug
 no-test-knownbug: PHONY
 yes-test-knownbug: prog PHONY
-	-$(RUNRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bootstraptest/runner.rb" --ruby="$(PROGRAM) $(RUN_OPTS)" $(OPTS) $(TESTOPTS) $(srcdir)/KNOWNBUGS.rb
+	-$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bootstraptest/runner.rb" --ruby="$(PROGRAM) $(RUN_OPTS)" $(OPTS) $(TESTOPTS) $(srcdir)/KNOWNBUGS.rb
+
+test-testframework: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-testframework
+yes-test-testframework: prog PHONY
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(Q)$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(TOOL_TESTSDIR)/runner.rb" --ruby="$(RUNRUBY)" $(TESTOPTS) testunit minitest
+no-test-testframework: PHONY
 
-test: test-sample btest-ruby test-knownbug
+test-tool: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-tool
+yes-test-tool: prog PHONY
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(Q)$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(TOOL_TESTSDIR)/runner.rb" --ruby="$(RUNRUBY)" $(TESTOPTS)
+no-test-tool: PHONY
 
+test-sample: test-basic # backward compatibility for mswin-build
+test-short: btest-ruby test-knownbug test-basic
+test: test-short
+
+# $ make test-all TESTOPTS="--help" displays more detail
+# for example, make test-all TESTOPTS="-j2 -v -n test-name -- test-file-name"
 test-all: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-all
-yes-test-all: prog PHONY
-	$(RUNRUBY) "$(srcdir)/test/runner.rb" --ruby="$(RUNRUBY)" $(TESTOPTS) $(TESTS)
+yes-test-all: programs PHONY
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(Q)$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(TESTSDIR)/runner.rb" --ruby="$(RUNRUBY)" $(TEST_EXCLUDES) $(TESTOPTS) $(TESTS)
 TESTS_BUILD = mkmf
 no-test-all: PHONY
-	$(MINIRUBY) -I"$(srcdir)/lib" "$(srcdir)/test/runner.rb" $(TESTOPTS) $(TESTS_BUILD)
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(MINIRUBY) -I"$(srcdir)/lib" "$(TESTSDIR)/runner.rb" $(TESTOPTS) $(TESTS_BUILD)
+
+test-almost: test-all
+yes-test-almost: yes-test-all
+no-test-almost: no-test-all
 
 test-ruby: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-ruby
 no-test-ruby: PHONY
 yes-test-ruby: prog encs PHONY
-	$(RUNRUBY) "$(srcdir)/test/runner.rb" -q $(TESTOPTS) -- ruby -ext-
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(RUNRUBY) "$(TESTSDIR)/runner.rb" $(TEST_EXCLUDES) $(TESTOPTS) -- ruby -ext-
 
 extconf: $(PREP)
 	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(EXTCONFDIR)"
 	$(RUNRUBY) -C "$(EXTCONFDIR)" $(EXTCONF) $(EXTCONFARGS)
 
-$(RBCONFIG): $(srcdir)/tool/mkconfig.rb config.status $(srcdir)/version.h $(PREP)
-	$(Q)$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/mkconfig.rb -timestamp=$@ \
+$(RBCONFIG): $(tooldir)/mkconfig.rb config.status $(srcdir)/version.h
+	$(Q)$(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) -n \
+	-e 'BEGIN{version=ARGV.shift;mis=ARGV.dup}' \
+	-e 'END{abort "UNICODE version mismatch: #{mis}" unless mis.empty?}' \
+	-e '(mis.delete(ARGF.path); ARGF.close) if /ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_STRING +"#{Regexp.quote(version)}"/o' \
+	$(UNICODE_VERSION) $(UNICODE_DATA_HEADERS)
+	$(Q)$(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) $(tooldir)/mkconfig.rb \
+		-arch=$(arch) -version=$(RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION) \
 		-install_name=$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME) \
-		-so_name=$(RUBY_SO_NAME) rbconfig.rb
+		-so_name=$(RUBY_SO_NAME) \
+		-unicode_version=$(UNICODE_VERSION) \
+		-unicode_emoji_version=$(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION) \
+	> rbconfig.tmp
+	$(IFCHANGE) "--timestamp=$@" rbconfig.rb rbconfig.tmp
 
-test-rubyspec-precheck:
+test-rubyspec: test-spec
+yes-test-rubyspec: yes-test-spec
 
-test-rubyspec: test-rubyspec-precheck $(arch)-fake.rb
-	$(RUNRUBY) -r./$(arch)-fake $(srcdir)/spec/mspec/bin/mspec run -B $(srcdir)/spec/default.mspec $(MSPECOPT)
+test-spec-precheck: main
+
+test-spec: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-spec
+yes-test-spec: test-spec-precheck
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(Q) \
+	$(RUNRUBY) -r./$(arch)-fake $(srcdir)/spec/mspec/bin/mspec run -B $(srcdir)/spec/default.mspec -I$(srcdir)/tool/lib $(MSPECOPT) $(SPECOPTS)
+no-test-spec:
 
 RUNNABLE = $(LIBRUBY_RELATIVE:no=un)-runnable
-runnable: $(RUNNABLE) prog $(srcdir)/tool/mkrunnable.rb PHONY
-	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/mkrunnable.rb -v $(EXTOUT)
+runnable: $(RUNNABLE) prog $(tooldir)/mkrunnable.rb PHONY
+	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/mkrunnable.rb -v $(EXTOUT)
 yes-runnable: PHONY
 
 encs: enc trans
 libencs: libenc libtrans
-encs enc trans libencs libenc libtrans: showflags $(ENC_MK) $(LIBRUBY) $(PREP) PHONY
+encs enc trans libencs libenc libtrans: $(SHOWFLAGS) $(ENC_MK) $(LIBRUBY) $(PREP) PHONY
 	$(ECHO) making $@
-	$(Q) $(MAKE) -f $(ENC_MK) V="$(V)" \
-		RUBY="$(MINIRUBY)" MINIRUBY="$(MINIRUBY)" \
-		$(MFLAGS) $@
+	$(Q) $(MAKE) $(MAKE_ENC) $@
 
 
 libenc enc: {$(VPATH)}encdb.h
 libtrans trans: {$(VPATH)}transdb.h
 
+# Use MINIRUBY which loads fake.rb for cross compiling
 $(ENC_MK): $(srcdir)/enc/make_encmake.rb $(srcdir)/enc/Makefile.in $(srcdir)/enc/depend \
-	$(srcdir)/enc/encinit.c.erb $(srcdir)/lib/mkmf.rb $(RBCONFIG)
+	$(srcdir)/enc/encinit.c.erb $(srcdir)/lib/mkmf.rb $(RBCONFIG) fake
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/enc/make_encmake.rb --builtin-encs="$(BUILTIN_ENCOBJS)" --builtin-transes="$(BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS)" --module$(ENCSTATIC) $@ $(ENCS)
+	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/enc/make_encmake.rb --builtin-encs="$(BUILTIN_ENCOBJS)" --builtin-transes="$(BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS)" --module$(ENCSTATIC) $(ENCS) $@
 
 .PRECIOUS: $(MKFILES)
 
@@ -617,43 +870,78 @@ $(ENC_MK): $(srcdir)/enc/make_encmake.rb $(srcdir)/enc/Makefile.in $(srcdir)/enc
 .PHONY: clean clean-ext clean-local clean-enc clean-golf clean-rdoc clean-html clean-extout
 .PHONY: distclean distclean-ext distclean-local distclean-enc distclean-golf distclean-extout
 .PHONY: realclean realclean-ext realclean-local realclean-enc realclean-golf realclean-extout
-.PHONY: check test test-all btest btest-ruby test-sample test-knownbug
-.PHONY: run runruby parse benchmark benchmark-each tbench gdb gdb-ruby
-.PHONY: update-mspec update-rubyspec test-rubyspec
+.PHONY: exam check test test-short test-all btest btest-ruby test-basic test-knownbug
+.PHONY: run runruby parse benchmark gdb gdb-ruby
+.PHONY: update-mspec update-rubyspec test-rubyspec test-spec
+.PHONY: touch-unicode-files
 
 PHONY:
 
-{$(VPATH)}parse.c: {$(VPATH)}parse.y $(srcdir)/tool/ytab.sed {$(VPATH)}id.h
+{$(VPATH)}parse.c: {$(VPATH)}parse.y $(tooldir)/ytab.sed {$(VPATH)}id.h
 {$(VPATH)}parse.h: {$(VPATH)}parse.c
 
 {$(srcdir)}.y.c:
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q)$(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/id2token.rb --path-separator=.$(PATH_SEPARATOR)./ --vpath=$(VPATH) id.h $(SRC_FILE) > parse.tmp.y
+	$(Q)$(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/id2token.rb --path-separator=.$(PATH_SEPARATOR)./ --vpath=$(VPATH) id.h $(SRC_FILE) > parse.tmp.y
+	$(Q)$(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/pure_parser.rb parse.tmp.y $(YACC)
+	$(Q)$(RM) parse.tmp.y.bak
 	$(Q)$(YACC) -d $(YFLAGS) -o y.tab.c parse.tmp.y
 	$(Q)$(RM) parse.tmp.y
-	$(Q)sed -f $(srcdir)/tool/ytab.sed -e "/^#/s!parse\.tmp\.[iy]!parse.y!" -e "/^#/s!y\.tab\.c!$@!" y.tab.c > $@.new
+	$(Q)sed -f $(tooldir)/ytab.sed -e "/^#/s|parse\.tmp\.[iy]|$(SRC_FILE)|" -e "/^#/s!y\.tab\.c!$@!" y.tab.c > $@.new
 	$(Q)$(MV) $@.new $@
 	$(Q)sed -e "/^#line.*y\.tab\.h/d;/^#line.*parse.*\.y/d" y.tab.h > $(@:.c=.h)
 	$(Q)$(RM) y.tab.c y.tab.h
 
 $(PLATFORM_D):
-	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(PLATFORM_DIR)
-	@exit > $@
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(PLATFORM_DIR) $(@D)
+	@$(NULLCMD) > $@
+
+exe/$(PROGRAM): ruby-runner.c ruby-runner.h exe/.time miniruby$(EXEEXT) {$(VPATH)}config.h
+	$(Q) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -DRUBY_INSTALL_NAME=$(@F) $(COUTFLAG)ruby-runner.$(OBJEXT) -c $(CSRCFLAG)$(srcdir)/ruby-runner.c
+	$(Q) $(PURIFY) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(OUTFLAG)$@ ruby-runner.$(OBJEXT) $(LIBS)
+	$(Q) $(POSTLINK)
+	$(Q) ./miniruby$(EXEEXT) \
+	    -e 'prog, dest, inst = ARGV; dest += "/ruby"' \
+	    -e 'exit unless prog==inst' \
+	    -e 'unless prog=="ruby"' \
+	    -e '  begin File.unlink(dest); rescue Errno::ENOENT; end' \
+	    -e '  File.symlink(prog, dest)' \
+	    -e 'end' \
+	$(@F) $(@D) $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)$(EXEEXT)
+
+exe/.time:
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	@$(NULLCMD) > $@
+
+$(BUILTIN_ENCOBJS) $(BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS): $(ENC_TRANS_D)
+
+$(ENC_TRANS_D):
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) enc/trans $(@D)
+	@$(NULLCMD) > $@
+
+$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(arch)/.time:
+	$(Q)$(MAKEDIRS) $(@D) $(EXTOUT)/$(arch)
+	@$(NULLCMD) > $@
+
+$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.RUBYCOMMONDIR.time:
+	$(Q)$(MAKEDIRS) $(@D) $(RUBYCOMMONDIR)
+	@$(NULLCMD) > $@
 
 ###
 CCAN_DIR = {$(VPATH)}ccan
 
 RUBY_H_INCLUDES    = {$(VPATH)}ruby.h {$(VPATH)}config.h {$(VPATH)}defines.h \
 		     {$(VPATH)}intern.h {$(VPATH)}missing.h {$(VPATH)}st.h \
-		     {$(VPATH)}subst.h
+		     {$(VPATH)}assert.h {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 
 ###
 
 acosh.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}acosh.c
 alloca.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}alloca.c {$(VPATH)}config.h
-crypt.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}crypt.c
+crypt.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}crypt.c {$(VPATH)}crypt.h {$(VPATH)}missing/des_tables.c
 dup2.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dup2.c
 erf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}erf.c
+explicit_bzero.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}explicit_bzero.c
 finite.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}finite.c
 flock.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}flock.c
 memcmp.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}memcmp.c
@@ -666,36 +954,39 @@ strerror.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}strerror.c
 strlcat.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}strlcat.c
 strlcpy.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}strlcpy.c
 strstr.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}strstr.c
-strtod.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}strtod.c
-strtol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}strtol.c
 nt.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}nt.c
-os2.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}os2.c
-dl_os2.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dl_os2.c
-ia64.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ia64.s
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $<
+
+.coroutine_obj $(COROUTINE_OBJ): \
+	{$(VPATH)}$(COROUTINE_SRC) \
+	$(COROUTINE_H:/Context.h=/.time)
+$(COROUTINE_H:/Context.h=/.time):
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	@$(NULLCMD) > $@
 
 ###
 
 # dependencies for generated C sources.
 parse.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}parse.c
 miniprelude.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}miniprelude.c
-prelude.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}prelude.c
 
 # dependencies for optional sources.
 compile.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}opt_sc.inc {$(VPATH)}optunifs.inc
 
-win32/win32.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}win32/win32.c {$(VPATH)}dln.h {$(VPATH)}dln_find.c \
-  {$(VPATH)}internal.h $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) $(PLATFORM_D)
-win32/file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}win32/file.c {$(VPATH)}thread.h \
+win32/win32.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}win32/win32.c {$(VPATH)}win32/file.h \
+  {$(VPATH)}dln.h {$(VPATH)}dln_find.c {$(VPATH)}encindex.h \
+  {$(VPATH)}internal.h {$(VPATH)}util.h $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
+  {$(VPATH)}vm.h $(PLATFORM_D)
+win32/file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}win32/file.c {$(VPATH)}win32/file.h \
   $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) $(PLATFORM_D)
 
-$(NEWLINE_C): $(srcdir)/enc/trans/newline.trans $(srcdir)/tool/transcode-tblgen.rb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) "$(srcdir)/tool/transcode-tblgen.rb" -vo $@ $(srcdir)/enc/trans/newline.trans
-newline.$(OBJEXT): $(NEWLINE_C)
+$(NEWLINE_C): $(srcdir)/enc/trans/newline.trans $(tooldir)/transcode-tblgen.rb
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) "$(tooldir)/transcode-tblgen.rb" -vo $@ $(srcdir)/enc/trans/newline.trans
+enc/trans/newline.$(OBJEXT): $(NEWLINE_C)
 
-verconf.h: $(srcdir)/template/verconf.h.tmpl $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb
+verconf.h: $(srcdir)/template/verconf.h.tmpl $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb
 	$(ECHO) creating $@
-	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) "$(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb" -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/verconf.h.tmpl
+	$(Q) $(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) "$(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb" -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/verconf.h.tmpl
 
 ruby-glommed.$(OBJEXT): $(OBJS)
 
@@ -703,33 +994,70 @@ $(OBJS):  {$(VPATH)}config.h {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 
 INSNS2VMOPT = --srcdir="$(srcdir)"
 
-{$(VPATH)}minsns.inc: $(srcdir)/template/minsns.inc.tmpl
-
-{$(VPATH)}opt_sc.inc: $(srcdir)/template/opt_sc.inc.tmpl
-
-{$(VPATH)}optinsn.inc: $(srcdir)/template/optinsn.inc.tmpl
-
-{$(VPATH)}optunifs.inc: $(srcdir)/template/optunifs.inc.tmpl
-
-{$(VPATH)}insns.inc: $(srcdir)/template/insns.inc.tmpl
-
-{$(VPATH)}insns_info.inc: $(srcdir)/template/insns_info.inc.tmpl
-
-{$(VPATH)}vmtc.inc: $(srcdir)/template/vmtc.inc.tmpl
-
-{$(VPATH)}vm.inc: $(srcdir)/template/vm.inc.tmpl
-
-common-srcs: {$(VPATH)}parse.c {$(VPATH)}lex.c {$(VPATH)}newline.c {$(VPATH)}id.c \
-	     srcs-lib srcs-ext
-
-srcs: common-srcs srcs-enc
+srcs_vpath = {$(VPATH)}
+
+inc_common_headers = $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_copyright.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_notice.erb
+$(srcs_vpath)opt_sc.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/opt_sc.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers)
+$(srcs_vpath)optinsn.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/optinsn.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers)
+$(srcs_vpath)optunifs.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/optunifs.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers)
+$(srcs_vpath)insns.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/insns.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers)
+$(srcs_vpath)insns_info.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/insns_info.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers) \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_type_chars.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_name_info.erb \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_len_info.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_operand_info.erb \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_attributes.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_comptime_insn_stack_increase.erb \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_sp_pc_dependency.erb
+$(srcs_vpath)vmtc.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/vmtc.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers)
+$(srcs_vpath)vm.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/vm.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers) \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_entry.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_trace_instruction.erb
+$(srcs_vpath)mjit_compile.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/mjit_compile.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers) \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_mjit_compile_insn.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_mjit_compile_send.erb \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_mjit_compile_ivar.erb \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_mjit_compile_insn_body.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_mjit_compile_pc_and_sp.erb \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_mjit_compile_invokebuiltin.erb
+
+BUILTIN_RB_SRCS = \
+		$(srcdir)/ast.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/dir.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/gc.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/integer.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/io.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/pack.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/trace_point.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/warning.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/array.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/kernel.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/ractor.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/prelude.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/gem_prelude.rb \
+		$(empty)
+BUILTIN_RB_INCS = $(BUILTIN_RB_SRCS:.rb=.rbinc)
+
+common-srcs: $(srcs_vpath)parse.c $(srcs_vpath)lex.c $(srcs_vpath)enc/trans/newline.c $(srcs_vpath)id.c \
+	     $(BUILTIN_RB_INCS) \
+	     srcs-lib srcs-ext incs
+
+missing-srcs: $(srcdir)/missing/des_tables.c
+
+srcs: common-srcs missing-srcs srcs-enc
 
 EXT_SRCS = $(srcdir)/ext/ripper/ripper.c \
-	   $(srcdir)/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/sizes.c
+	   $(srcdir)/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/sizes.c \
+	   $(srcdir)/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/limits.c \
+	   $(srcdir)/ext/socket/constdefs.c \
+	   $(srcdir)/ext/etc/constdefs.h \
+	   # EXT_SRCS
 
 srcs-ext: $(EXT_SRCS)
+realclean-srcs-ext::
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(EXT_SRCS)
+
+EXTRA_SRCS = $(srcdir)/ext/json/parser/parser.c \
+	     $(srcdir)/ext/date/zonetab.h \
+	     $(empty)
 
-srcs-extra: $(srcdir)/ext/json/parser/parser.c
+srcs-extra: $(EXTRA_SRCS)
+realclean-srcs-extra::
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(EXTRA_SRCS)
 
 LIB_SRCS = $(srcdir)/lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb
 
@@ -737,135 +1065,180 @@ srcs-lib: $(LIB_SRCS)
 
 srcs-enc: $(ENC_MK)
 	$(ECHO) making srcs under enc
-	$(Q) $(MAKE) -f $(ENC_MK) RUBY="$(MINIRUBY)" MINIRUBY="$(MINIRUBY)" $(MFLAGS) srcs
+	$(Q) $(MAKE) $(MAKE_ENC) srcs
 
 all-incs: incs {$(VPATH)}encdb.h {$(VPATH)}transdb.h
 incs: $(INSNS) {$(VPATH)}node_name.inc {$(VPATH)}known_errors.inc \
-      $(srcdir)/revision.h $(REVISION_H) enc/unicode/name2ctype.h enc/jis/props.h \
+      {$(VPATH)}vm_call_iseq_optimized.inc $(srcdir)/revision.h \
+      $(REVISION_H) \
+      $(UNICODE_DATA_HEADERS) $(srcdir)/enc/jis/props.h \
       {$(VPATH)}id.h {$(VPATH)}probes.dmyh
 
 insns: $(INSNS)
 
-id.h: $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/id.h.tmpl $(srcdir)/defs/id.def
+id.h: $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/id.h.tmpl $(srcdir)/defs/id.def
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb --output=$@ \
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb --output=$@ \
 		$(srcdir)/template/id.h.tmpl
 
-id.c: $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/id.c.tmpl $(srcdir)/defs/id.def
+id.c: $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/id.c.tmpl $(srcdir)/defs/id.def
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb --output=$@ \
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb --output=$@ \
 		$(srcdir)/template/id.c.tmpl
 
-node_name.inc: {$(VPATH)}node.h
+node_name.inc: $(tooldir)/node_name.rb $(srcdir)/node.h
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -n $(srcdir)/tool/node_name.rb < $? > $@
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -n $(tooldir)/node_name.rb < $(srcdir)/node.h > $@
 
-encdb.h: $(PREP) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/encdb.h.tmpl
+encdb.h: $(PREP) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/encdb.h.tmpl
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb -c -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/encdb.h.tmpl $(srcdir)/enc enc
+	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -c -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/encdb.h.tmpl $(srcdir)/enc enc
 
-transdb.h: $(PREP) srcs-enc $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/transdb.h.tmpl
+transdb.h: $(PREP) srcs-enc $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/transdb.h.tmpl
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb -c -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/transdb.h.tmpl $(srcdir)/enc/trans enc/trans
+	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -c -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/transdb.h.tmpl $(srcdir)/enc/trans enc/trans
 
 enc/encinit.c: $(ENC_MK) $(srcdir)/enc/encinit.c.erb
 
 known_errors.inc: $(srcdir)/template/known_errors.inc.tmpl $(srcdir)/defs/known_errors.def
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb -c -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/known_errors.inc.tmpl $(srcdir)/defs/known_errors.def
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -c -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/known_errors.inc.tmpl $(srcdir)/defs/known_errors.def
 
-$(MINIPRELUDE_C): $(COMPILE_PRELUDE)
+vm_call_iseq_optimized.inc: $(srcdir)/template/call_iseq_optimized.inc.tmpl
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb -I$(srcdir) -o $@ \
-		$(srcdir)/template/prelude.c.tmpl
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -c -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/call_iseq_optimized.inc.tmpl
 
-$(PRELUDE_C): $(COMPILE_PRELUDE) \
-	   {$(srcdir)}lib/rubygems/defaults.rb \
-	   {$(srcdir)}lib/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_gem.rb \
-	   $(PRELUDE_SCRIPTS) $(LIB_SRCS)
+$(MINIPRELUDE_C): $(COMPILE_PRELUDE) $(BUILTIN_RB_SRCS)
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb -I$(srcdir) -c -o $@ \
-		$(srcdir)/template/prelude.c.tmpl $(PRELUDE_SCRIPTS)
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -I$(srcdir) -o $@ \
+		$(srcdir)/template/prelude.c.tmpl $(BUILTIN_RB_SRCS)
 
-{$(VPATH)}golf_prelude.c: $(COMPILE_PRELUDE) {$(srcdir)}golf_prelude.rb
+$(GOLF_PRELUDE_C): $(COMPILE_PRELUDE) {$(srcdir)}golf_prelude.rb
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb -I$(srcdir) -c -o $@ \
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -I$(srcdir) -c -o $@ \
 		$(srcdir)/template/prelude.c.tmpl golf_prelude.rb
 
-probes.dmyh: {$(srcdir)}probes.d $(srcdir)/tool/gen_dummy_probes.rb
-	$(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/gen_dummy_probes.rb $(srcdir)/probes.d > $@
+MAINCPPFLAGS = $(ENABLE_DEBUG_ENV:yes=-DRUBY_DEBUG_ENV=1)
+
+$(MAINOBJ): $(srcdir)/$(MAINSRC)
+	$(ECHO) compiling $(srcdir)/$(MAINSRC)
+	$(Q) $(CC) $(MAINCPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(XCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -c $(CSRCFLAG)$(srcdir)/$(MAINSRC)
+
+{$(VPATH)}probes.dmyh: {$(srcdir)}probes.d $(tooldir)/gen_dummy_probes.rb
+
+probes.dmyh:
+	$(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/gen_dummy_probes.rb $(srcdir)/probes.d > $@
 
 probes.h: {$(VPATH)}probes.$(DTRACE_EXT)
 
 prereq: incs srcs preludes PHONY
 
-preludes: {$(VPATH)}prelude.c
 preludes: {$(VPATH)}miniprelude.c
 preludes: {$(srcdir)}golf_prelude.c
 
+{$(srcdir)}.rb.rbinc:
+	$(ECHO) making $@
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/mk_builtin_loader.rb $<
+
+builtin_binary.inc: $(PREP) $(BUILTIN_RB_SRCS) $(srcdir)/template/builtin_binary.inc.tmpl
+	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -o $@ \
+		$(srcdir)/template/builtin_binary.inc.tmpl -- --cross=$(CROSS_COMPILING)
+
+$(BUILTIN_RB_INCS): $(top_srcdir)/tool/mk_builtin_loader.rb
+
 $(srcdir)/revision.h:
-	@exit > $@
+	$(Q)$(gnumake:yes=#) $(RM) $(@F)
+	$(Q)$(gnumake:yes=#) $(NULLCMD) > $@ || $(NULLCMD) > $(@F)
+
+revision.tmp::
+	$(Q) $(NULLCMD) > $@
+revision.$(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=tmp):: $(srcdir)/version.h $(tooldir)/file2lastrev.rb $(REVISION_FORCE)
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/file2lastrev.rb -q --revision.h --srcdir="$(srcdir)" > $@
 
-$(REVISION_H): $(srcdir)/version.h $(srcdir)/ChangeLog $(srcdir)/tool/file2lastrev.rb $(REVISION_FORCE)
-	-$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/file2lastrev.rb --revision.h "$(srcdir)" > revision.tmp
+$(REVISION_H): revision.tmp
 	$(Q)$(IFCHANGE) "--timestamp=$@" "$(srcdir)/revision.h" revision.tmp
 
-$(srcdir)/ext/ripper/ripper.c: parse.y id.h
+$(srcdir)/ext/ripper/ripper.c: $(srcdir)/ext/ripper/tools/preproc.rb $(srcdir)/parse.y id.h $(srcdir)/ext/ripper/depend
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && $(exec) $(MAKE) -f depend $(MFLAGS) \
-		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) RM="$(RM)" VPATH="$(PWD)" \
-		top_srcdir=../.. srcdir=. \
-		RUBY="$(BASERUBY)" PATH_SEPARATOR="$(PATH_SEPARATOR)"
+	$(Q) VPATH=$${PWD-`pwd`} && $(CHDIR) $(@D) && \
+	sed -e 's/{\$$([^(){}]*)[^{}]*}//g' -e /AUTOGENERATED/q depend | \
+	$(exec) $(MAKE) -f - $(mflags) \
+		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) RM="$(RM)" BISON=$(YACC) top_srcdir=../.. srcdir=. VPATH="$${VPATH}" \
+		RUBY="$(BASERUBY)" PATH_SEPARATOR="$(PATH_SEPARATOR)" LANG=C
 
-$(srcdir)/ext/json/parser/parser.c: $(srcdir)/ext/json/parser/parser.rl
+$(srcdir)/ext/json/parser/parser.c: $(srcdir)/ext/json/parser/parser.rl $(srcdir)/ext/json/parser/prereq.mk
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && $(exec) $(MAKE) -f prereq.mk $(MFLAGS) \
+	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && $(exec) $(MAKE) -f prereq.mk $(mflags) \
 		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../../.. BASERUBY="$(BASERUBY)"
 
+$(srcdir)/ext/date/zonetab.h: $(srcdir)/ext/date/zonetab.list $(srcdir)/ext/date/prereq.mk
+	$(ECHO) generating $@
+	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && $(exec) $(MAKE) -f prereq.mk $(mflags) \
+		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../.. BASERUBY="$(BASERUBY)"
+
 $(srcdir)/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/sizes.c: $(srcdir)/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/depend \
-		$(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/sizes.c.tmpl $(srcdir)/configure.in
+		$(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/sizes.c.tmpl $(srcdir)/configure.ac
+	$(ECHO) generating $@
+	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && \
+	sed '/AUTOGENERATED/q' depend | \
+	$(exec) $(MAKE) -f - $(mflags) \
+		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../../.. RUBY="$(BASERUBY)" $(@F)
+
+$(srcdir)/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/limits.c: $(srcdir)/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/depend \
+		$(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/limits.c.tmpl
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && $(exec) $(MAKE) -f depend $(MFLAGS) \
-		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../../.. RUBY="$(BASERUBY)"
+	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && \
+	sed '/AUTOGENERATED/q' depend | \
+	$(exec) $(MAKE) -f - $(mflags) \
+		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../../.. RUBY="$(BASERUBY)" $(@F)
+
+$(srcdir)/ext/socket/constdefs.c: $(srcdir)/ext/socket/depend
+	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && \
+	sed '/AUTOGENERATED/q' depend | \
+	$(exec) $(MAKE) -f - $(mflags) \
+		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../.. RUBY="$(BASERUBY)"
+
+$(srcdir)/ext/etc/constdefs.h: $(srcdir)/ext/etc/depend
+	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && \
+	sed '/AUTOGENERATED/q' depend | \
+	$(exec) $(MAKE) -f - $(mflags) \
+		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../.. RUBY="$(BASERUBY)"
 
 ##
 
 run: fake miniruby$(EXEEXT) PHONY
-	$(BTESTRUBY) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT) $(RUNOPT)
+	$(BTESTRUBY) $(RUNOPT0) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT) $(RUNOPT)
 
 runruby: $(PROGRAM) PHONY
-	$(RUNRUBY) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT)
+	$(RUNRUBY) $(RUNOPT0) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT) $(RUNOPT)
 
 parse: fake miniruby$(EXEEXT) PHONY
-	$(BTESTRUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/parse.rb $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT)
+	$(BTESTRUBY) --dump=parsetree_with_comment,insns $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT)
 
 bisect: PHONY
-	$(srcdir)/tool/bisect.sh miniruby $(srcdir)
+	$(tooldir)/bisect.sh miniruby $(srcdir)
 
 bisect-ruby: PHONY
-	$(srcdir)/tool/bisect.sh ruby $(srcdir)
+	$(tooldir)/bisect.sh ruby $(srcdir)
 
 COMPARE_RUBY = $(BASERUBY)
+BENCH_RUBY = $(RUNRUBY)
+BENCH_OPTS = --output=markdown --output-compare
 ITEM =
+ARGS = $$(find $(srcdir)/benchmark -maxdepth 1 -name '$(ITEM)' -o -name '*$(ITEM)*.yml' -o -name '*$(ITEM)*.rb' | sort)
 OPTS =
 
-benchmark: $(PROGRAM) PHONY
-	$(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/benchmark/driver.rb -v \
-	            --executables="$(COMPARE_RUBY); built-ruby::$(RUNRUBY)" \
-	            --pattern='bm_' --directory=$(srcdir)/benchmark $(OPTS)
-
-benchmark-each: $(PROGRAM) PHONY
-	$(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/benchmark/driver.rb -v \
-	            --executables="$(COMPARE_RUBY); built-ruby::$(RUNRUBY)" \
-	            --pattern=$(ITEM) --directory=$(srcdir)/benchmark $(OPTS)
-
-tbench: $(PROGRAM) PHONY
-	$(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/benchmark/driver.rb -v \
-	            --executables="$(COMPARE_RUBY); built-ruby::$(RUNRUBY)" \
-	            --pattern='bmx_' --directory=$(srcdir)/benchmark $(OPTS)
+# See benchmark/README.md for details.
+benchmark: miniruby$(EXEEXT) update-benchmark-driver PHONY
+	$(BASERUBY) -rrubygems -I$(srcdir)/benchmark/lib $(srcdir)/benchmark/benchmark-driver/exe/benchmark-driver \
+	            --executables="compare-ruby::$(COMPARE_RUBY) -I$(EXTOUT)/common --disable-gem" \
+	            --executables="built-ruby::$(BENCH_RUBY) --disable-gem" \
+	            $(BENCH_OPTS) $(ARGS) $(OPTS)
 
 run.gdb:
 	echo set breakpoint pending on         > run.gdb
+	echo b rb_assert_failure              >> run.gdb
+	echo b rb_bug                         >> run.gdb
 	echo b ruby_debug_breakpoint          >> run.gdb
 	echo '# handle SIGINT nostop'         >> run.gdb
 	echo '# handle SIGPIPE nostop'        >> run.gdb
@@ -880,77 +1253,272 @@ run.gdb:
 
 
 gdb: miniruby$(EXEEXT) run.gdb PHONY
-	gdb -x run.gdb --quiet --args $(MINIRUBY) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT)
+	gdb -x run.gdb --quiet --args $(MINIRUBY) $(RUNOPT0) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT) $(RUNOPT)
 
 gdb-ruby: $(PROGRAM) run.gdb PHONY
-	$(Q) $(RUNRUBY_COMMAND) $(RUNRUBY_DEBUGGER) -- $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT)
+	$(Q) $(RUNRUBY_COMMAND) $(RUNRUBY_DEBUGGER) -- $(RUNOPT0) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT) $(RUNOPT)
+
+LLDB_INIT = command script import -r $(srcdir)/misc/lldb_cruby.py
+
+lldb: miniruby$(EXEEXT) PHONY
+	lldb -o '$(LLDB_INIT)' miniruby$(EXEEXT) -- $(RUNOPT0) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT) $(RUNOPT)
 
+lldb-ruby: $(PROGRAM) PHONY
+	lldb $(enable_shared:yes=-o 'target modules add ${LIBRUBY_SO}') -o '$(LLDB_INIT)' $(PROGRAM) -- $(RUNOPT0) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT) $(RUNOPT)
+
+DISTPKGS = gzip,zip,all
+PKGSDIR = tmp
 dist:
-	$(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/make-snapshot -srcdir=$(srcdir) tmp $(RELNAME)
+	$(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/make-snapshot \
+	-srcdir=$(srcdir) -packages=$(DISTPKGS) \
+	-unicode-version=$(UNICODE_VERSION) \
+	$(DISTOPTS) $(PKGSDIR) $(RELNAME)
 
-up::
-	-$(Q)$(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) Q=$(Q) REVISION_FORCE=PHONY "$(REVISION_H)"
+up:: update-remote
 
 up::
-	-$(Q)$(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) Q=$(Q) after-update
+	-$(Q)$(MAKE) $(mflags) Q=$(Q) REVISION_FORCE=PHONY after-update
+
+yes::
+no::
 
-after-update:: update-unicode update-gems extract-extlibs
+after-update:: $(REVISION_H)
+after-update:: extract-extlibs
+after-update:: extract-gems
+
+update-remote:: update-src update-download
+update-download:: $(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=update-unicode)
+update-download:: update-gems
+update-download:: download-extlibs
+
+update-mspec:
+update-rubyspec:
 
 update-config_files: PHONY
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C "$(srcdir)/tool" \
-	    ../tool/downloader.rb -e gnu \
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" tool/downloader.rb -d tool --cache-dir=$(CACHE_DIR) -e gnu \
 	    config.guess config.sub
 
-update-gems: PHONY
+refresh-gems: update-bundled_gems prepare-gems
+prepare-gems: $(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=update-gems) $(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=extract-gems)
+
+update-gems$(gnumake:yes=-nongnumake): PHONY
 	$(ECHO) Downloading bundled gem files...
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C "$(srcdir)/gems" \
-	    -I../tool -rdownloader -answ \
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" \
+	    -I./tool -rdownloader -answ \
 	    -e 'gem, ver = *$$F' \
-	    -e 'old = Dir.glob("#{gem}-*.gem")' \
+	    -e 'next if !ver or /^#/=~gem' \
+	    -e 'old = Dir.glob("gems/#{gem}-*.gem")' \
 	    -e 'gem = "#{gem}-#{ver}.gem"' \
-	    -e 'Downloader::RubyGems.download(gem, nil, nil) and' \
-	    -e 'File.unlink(*(old-[gem]))' \
-	    bundled_gems
-
-UPDATE_LIBRARIES = no
-
-### set the following environment variable or uncomment the line if
-### the Unicode data files are updated every minute.
-# ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE = yes
-
-UNICODE_FILES = $(srcdir)/enc/unicode/data/$(UNICODE_VERSION)/UnicodeData.txt \
-		$(srcdir)/enc/unicode/data/$(UNICODE_VERSION)/CompositionExclusions.txt \
-		$(srcdir)/enc/unicode/data/$(UNICODE_VERSION)/NormalizationTest.txt
-
-update-unicode: $(UNICODE_FILES) PHONY
-
-UNICODE_FILES_DEPS0 = $(UPDATE_LIBRARIES:yes=download-unicode-data)
-UNICODE_FILES_DEPS = $(UNICODE_FILES_DEPS0:no=)
-$(UNICODE_FILES): $(UNICODE_FILES_DEPS)
-
-download-unicode-data: ./.unicode-$(UNICODE_VERSION).time
-./.unicode-$(UNICODE_VERSION).time: PHONY
-	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode $(UNICODE_VERSION) data files...
-	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(srcdir)/enc/unicode/data/$(UNICODE_VERSION)"
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" tool/downloader.rb \
-	    -d enc/unicode/data/$(UNICODE_VERSION) \
-	    -e $(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=-a) unicode \
-	    $(UNICODE_VERSION)/ucd/UnicodeData.txt \
-	    $(UNICODE_VERSION)/ucd/CompositionExclusions.txt \
-	    $(UNICODE_VERSION)/ucd/NormalizationTest.txt
-	@exit > $@
-
-$(srcdir)/$(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb): \
-	$(UNICODE_FILES_DEPS:download-unicode-data=./.unicode-tables.time)
-
-./.unicode-tables.time: $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb \
-		$(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_FILES_DEPS) \
-		$(srcdir)/template/unicode_norm_gen.tmpl
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb \
-		-c -t$@ -o $(srcdir)/lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb \
+	    -e 'Downloader::RubyGems.download(gem, "gems", nil) and' \
+	    -e '(old.delete("gems/#{gem}"); !old.empty?) and' \
+	    -e 'File.unlink(*old) and' \
+	    -e 'FileUtils.rm_rf(old.map{'"|n|"'n.chomp(".gem")})' \
+	    gems/bundled_gems
+
+extract-gems$(gnumake:yes=-nongnumake): PHONY
+	$(ECHO) Extracting bundled gem files...
+	$(Q) $(RUNRUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" \
+	    -Itool -rgem-unpack -answ \
+	    -e 'BEGIN {FileUtils.mkdir_p(d = ".bundle/gems")}' \
+	    -e 'gem, ver = *$$F' \
+	    -e 'next if !ver or /^#/=~gem' \
+	    -e 'g = "#{gem}-#{ver}"' \
+	    -e 'File.directory?("#{d}/#{g}") or Gem.unpack("gems/#{g}.gem", d)' \
+	    gems/bundled_gems
+
+update-bundled_gems: PHONY
+	$(Q) $(RUNRUBY) -rrubygems \
+	     $(tooldir)/update-bundled_gems.rb \
+	     "$(srcdir)/gems/bundled_gems" | \
+	"$(IFCHANGE)" "$(srcdir)/gems/bundled_gems" -
+
+test-bundled-gems-precheck: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundled-gems-precheck
+yes-test-bundled-gems-precheck: main
+no-test-bundled-gems-precheck:
+
+test-bundled-gems-fetch: $(PREP)
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C $(srcdir)/gems ../tool/fetch-bundled_gems.rb src bundled_gems
+
+test-bundled-gems-prepare: test-bundled-gems-precheck test-bundled-gems-fetch
+test-bundled-gems-prepare: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundled-gems-prepare
+no-test-bundled-gems-prepare: no-test-bundled-gems-precheck
+yes-test-bundled-gems-prepare: yes-test-bundled-gems-precheck
+	$(XRUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" bin/gem install --no-document \
+		--install-dir .bundle --conservative "bundler" "minitest:~> 5" "test-unit" "rake" "hoe" "yard" "pry" "packnga" "rexml" "json-schema" "rbs:~> 1.6.2"
+
+PREPARE_BUNDLED_GEMS = test-bundled-gems-prepare
+test-bundled-gems: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundled-gems
+yes-test-bundled-gems: test-bundled-gems-run
+no-test-bundled-gems:
+
+# Override this to allow failure of specific gems on CI
+# TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES =
+
+BUNDLED_GEMS =
+test-bundled-gems-run: $(PREPARE_BUNDLED_GEMS)
+	$(Q) $(XRUBY) $(tooldir)/test-bundled-gems.rb $(BUNDLED_GEMS)
+
+test-bundler-precheck: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundler-precheck
+no-test-bundler-precheck:
+yes-test-bundler-precheck: main
+
+no-test-bundler-prepare: no-test-bundler-precheck
+yes-test-bundler-prepare: yes-test-bundler-precheck
+	$(XRUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" bin/gem install --no-document \
+		--install-dir .bundle --conservative "rspec:~> 3.8" "rake:~> 13.0" "parallel_tests:~> 2.29"
+
+RSPECOPTS =
+BUNDLER_SPECS =
+test-bundler: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundler
+yes-test-bundler: yes-test-bundler-prepare
+	$(XRUBY) -C $(srcdir) -Ispec/bundler .bundle/bin/rspec \
+		--require spec_helper $(RSPECOPTS) spec/bundler/$(BUNDLER_SPECS)
+no-test-bundler:
+
+PARALLELRSPECOPTS = --runtime-log $(srcdir)/tmp/parallel_runtime_rspec.log
+test-bundler-parallel: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundler-parallel
+yes-test-bundler-parallel: yes-test-bundler-prepare
+	$(XRUBY) -I$(srcdir)/spec/bundler \
+		-e "ENV['PARALLEL_TESTS_EXECUTABLE'] = ARGV.shift" \
+		-e "load ARGV.shift" \
+		"$(XRUBY) -C $(srcdir) -Ispec/bundler .bundle/bin/rspec" \
+		$(srcdir)/.bundle/bin/parallel_rspec \
+		-o "--require spec_helper" \
+		$(PARALLELRSPECOPTS) $(srcdir)/spec/bundler/$(BUNDLER_SPECS)
+no-test-bundler-parallel:
+
+GEM = up
+sync-default-gems:
+	$(Q) $(XRUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" tool/sync_default_gems.rb $(GEM)
+
+UNICODE_FILES = $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/UnicodeData.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/CompositionExclusions.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/NormalizationTest.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/CaseFolding.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/SpecialCasing.txt \
+		$(empty)
+
+UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES =  \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/Blocks.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/DerivedAge.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/DerivedCoreProperties.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/PropList.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/PropertyAliases.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/PropertyValueAliases.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/Scripts.txt \
+		$(empty)
+
+UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES =  \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/auxiliary/GraphemeBreakProperty.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/auxiliary/GraphemeBreakTest.txt \
+		$(empty)
+
+UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES = \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR)/emoji-data.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR)/emoji-sequences.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR)/emoji-test.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR)/emoji-variation-sequences.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR)/emoji-zwj-sequences.txt \
+		$(empty)
+
+update-unicode: $(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES) \
+		$(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES) $(UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES)
+
+CACHE_DIR = $(srcdir)/.downloaded-cache
+UNICODE_DOWNLOAD = \
+	$(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/downloader.rb \
+	    --cache-dir=$(CACHE_DIR) \
+	    --unicode-beta $(UNICODE_BETA) \
+	    -d $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR) \
+	    -p $(UNICODE_VERSION)/ucd \
+	    -e $(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=-a) unicode
+UNICODE_AUXILIARY_DOWNLOAD = \
+	$(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/downloader.rb \
+	    --cache-dir=$(CACHE_DIR) \
+	    --unicode-beta $(UNICODE_BETA) \
+	    -d $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/auxiliary \
+	    -p $(UNICODE_VERSION)/ucd/auxiliary \
+	    -e $(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=-a) unicode
+UNICODE_EMOJI_DOWNLOAD = \
+	$(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/downloader.rb \
+	    --cache-dir=$(CACHE_DIR) \
+	    --unicode-beta $(UNICODE_BETA) \
+	    -d $(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR) \
+	    -p emoji/$(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION) \
+	    -e $(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=-a) unicode
+
+$(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES): update-unicode-files
+update-unicode-files:
+	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode $(UNICODE_VERSION) data and  property files...
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)"
+	$(Q) $(UNICODE_DOWNLOAD) $(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES)
+
+$(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES): update-unicode-auxiliary-files
+update-unicode-auxiliary-files:
+	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode $(UNICODE_VERSION) auxiliary files...
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/auxiliary"
+	$(Q) $(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_DOWNLOAD) $(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES)
+
+$(UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES): update-unicode-emoji-files
+update-unicode-emoji-files:
+	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode emoji $(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION) files...
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR)"
+	$(Q) $(UNICODE_EMOJI_DOWNLOAD) $(UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES)
+
+$(srcdir)/lib/unicode_normalize/$(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=tables.rb): \
+	$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/.unicode-tables.time
+
+$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/$(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=.unicode-tables.time): \
+	$(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES) \
+	$(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES) $(UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES)
+
+touch-unicode-files:
+	$(MAKEDIRS) $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)
+	touch $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/.unicode-tables.time $(UNICODE_DATA_HEADERS)
+
+UNICODE_TABLES_TIMESTAMP = yes
+$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/.unicode-tables.time: $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/template/unicode_norm_gen.tmpl \
+		$(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=update-unicode)
+	$(Q) $(MAKE) $(@D)
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb \
+		-c $(UNICODE_TABLES_TIMESTAMP:yes=-t$@) \
+		-o $(srcdir)/lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb \
 		-I $(srcdir) \
 		$(srcdir)/template/unicode_norm_gen.tmpl \
-		enc/unicode/data/$(UNICODE_VERSION) lib/unicode_normalize
+		$(UNICODE_DATA_DIR) lib/unicode_normalize
+
+$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR):
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $@
+
+$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)/$(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=name2ctype.h): \
+		$(tooldir)/enc-unicode.rb \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/UnicodeData.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES) \
+		$(UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES)
+
+$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)/name2ctype.h:
+	$(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	$(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) $(tooldir)/enc-unicode.rb --header \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR) $(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR) > $@.new
+	$(MV) $@.new $@
+
+# the next non-comment line was:
+# $(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)/casefold.h: $(srcdir)/enc/unicode/case-folding.rb \
+# but was changed to make sure CI works on systems that don't have gperf
+unicode-up: $(UNICODE_DATA_HEADERS)
+
+$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)/$(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=casefold.h): \
+		$(srcdir)/enc/unicode/case-folding.rb \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/UnicodeData.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/SpecialCasing.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/CaseFolding.txt
+
+$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)/casefold.h:
+	$(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/enc/unicode/case-folding.rb \
+		--output-file=$@ \
+		--mapping-data-directory=$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)
 
 download-extlibs:
 	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C $(srcdir) -w tool/extlibs.rb --download ext
@@ -961,6 +1529,9 @@ extract-extlibs:
 clean-extlibs:
 	$(Q) $(RMALL) $(srcdir)/.downloaded-cache
 
+clean-gems:
+	$(Q) $(RM) gems/*.gem
+
 CLEAN_CACHE = clean-extlibs
 
 info: info-program info-libruby_a info-libruby_so info-arch
@@ -973,48 +1544,69 @@ info-libruby_so: PHONY
 info-arch: PHONY
 	@echo arch=$(arch)
 
-change: PHONY
-	$(BASERUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" ./tool/change_maker.rb $(CHANGES) > change.log
+exam: check
 
-love: sudo-precheck up all test install test-all
+love: sudo-precheck up all test exam install
 	@echo love is all you need
 
-yes-test-all: sudo-precheck
+great: exam
+
+yes-test-all no-test-all: sudo-precheck
 
 sudo-precheck: PHONY
 	@$(SUDO) echo > $(NULL)
 
+update-man-date: PHONY
+	-$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -I"$(tooldir)/lib" -rvcs -i -p \
+	-e 'BEGIN{@vcs=VCS.detect(ARGV.shift)}' \
+	-e '$$_.sub!(/^(\.Dd ).*/){$$1+@vcs.modified(ARGF.path).strftime("%B %d, %Y")}' \
+	"$(srcdir)" "$(srcdir)"/man/*.1
+
+.PHONY: ChangeLog
+ChangeLog:
+	$(ECHO) Generating $@
+	-$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -I"$(tooldir)/lib" -rvcs \
+	-e 'VCS.detect(ARGV[0]).export_changelog("@", nil, nil, ARGV[1])' \
+	"$(srcdir)" $@
+
+HELP_EXTRA_TASKS = ""
+
 help: PHONY
 	$(MESSAGE_BEGIN) \
 	"                Makefile of Ruby" \
 	"" \
 	"targets:" \
-	"  all (default):   builds all of below" \
-	"  miniruby:        builds only miniruby" \
-	"  encs:            builds encodings" \
-	"  exts:            builds extensions" \
-	"  main:            builds encodings, extensions and ruby" \
-	"  docs:            builds documents" \
-	"  run:             runs test.rb by miniruby" \
-	"  runruby:         runs test.rb by ruby you just built" \
-	"  gdb:             runs test.rb by miniruby under gdb" \
-	"  gdb-ruby:        runs test.rb by ruby under gdb" \
-	"  check:           equals make test test-all" \
-	"  test:            ruby core tests" \
-	"  test-all:        all ruby tests [TESTS=<test files>]" \
-	"  test-rubyspec:   run RubySpec test suite" \
-	"  update-rubyspec: update local copy of RubySpec" \
-	"  benchmark:       benchmark this ruby and COMPARE_RUBY" \
-	"  gcbench:         gc benchmark [GCBENCH_ITEM=<item_name>]" \
-	"  gcbench-rdoc:    gc benchmark with GCBENCH_ITEM=rdoc" \
-	"  install:         install all ruby distributions" \
-	"  install-nodoc:   install without rdoc" \
-	"  install-cross:   install cross compiling staff" \
-	"  clean:           clean for tarball" \
-	"  distclean:       clean for repository" \
-	"  change:          make change log template" \
-	"  golf:            for golfers" \
-	"" \
+	"  all (default):       builds all of below" \
+	"  miniruby:            builds only miniruby" \
+	"  encs:                builds encodings" \
+	"  exts:                builds extensions" \
+	"  main:                builds encodings, extensions and ruby" \
+	"  docs:                builds documents" \
+	"  install-capi:        builds C API documents" \
+	"  run:                 runs test.rb by miniruby" \
+	"  runruby:             runs test.rb by ruby you just built" \
+	"  gdb:                 runs test.rb by miniruby under gdb" \
+	"  gdb-ruby:            runs test.rb by ruby under gdb" \
+	"  check:               equals make test test-tool test-all test-spec" \
+	"  test:                ruby core tests [BTESTS=<bootstraptest files>]" \
+	"  test-all:            all ruby tests [TESTOPTS=-j4 TESTS=<test files>]" \
+	"  test-spec:           run the Ruby spec suite [SPECOPTS=<specs, opts>]" \
+	"  test-bundler:        run the Bundler spec" \
+	"  test-bundled-gems:   run the test suite of bundled gems" \
+	"  test-tool:           tests under the tool/test" \
+	"  update-gems:         download files of the bundled gems" \
+	"  update-bundled_gems: update the latest version of bundled gems" \
+	"  sync-default-gems:   sync default gems from upstream [GEM=<gem_name>]" \
+	"  up:                  update local copy and autogenerated files" \
+	"  benchmark:           benchmark this ruby and COMPARE_RUBY." \
+	"  gcbench:             gc benchmark [GCBENCH_ITEM=<item_name>]" \
+	"  install:             install all ruby distributions" \
+	"  install-nodoc:       install without rdoc" \
+	"  install-cross:       install cross compiling stuff" \
+	"  clean:               clean for tarball" \
+	"  distclean:           clean for repository" \
+	"  golf:                build goruby for golfers" \
+	$(HELP_EXTRA_TASKS) \
 	"see DeveloperHowto for more detail: " \
 	"  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby/wiki/DeveloperHowto" \
 	$(MESSAGE_END)
@@ -1022,144 +1614,1766 @@ help: PHONY
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+setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/rgengc.h
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+setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/static_assert.h
+setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/stdalign.h
+setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/stdbool.h
+setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/symbol.h
+setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/token_paste.h
+setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/value.h
+setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/value_type.h
+setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/variable.h
+setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/warning_push.h
+setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
 setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}setproctitle.c
 setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
@@ -2007,20 +12705,189 @@ signal.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/check_type/check_type.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/container_of/container_of.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
-signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/include/ruby.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/eval.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/signal.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/string.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/thread.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}atomic.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/assume.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/attributes.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/bool.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/gcc_version_since.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/inttypes.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/limits.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug_counter.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}eval_intern.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id_table.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}intern.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}io.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/anyargs.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/char.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/double.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/int.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/long.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/short.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/uid_t.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/assume.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/alloc_size.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/artificial.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/cold.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/const.h
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+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/error.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/flag_enum.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/forceinline.h
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+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/warning.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/weakref.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/cast.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_is.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_is/apple.h
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+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_since.h
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+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/rational.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/re.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/ruby.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/select.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/select/largesize.h
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+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/newobj.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/rgengc.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/scan_args.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/special_consts.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/static_assert.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/stdalign.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/stdbool.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/symbol.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/token_paste.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/value.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/value_type.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/variable.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/warning_push.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}method.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
+signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
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 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}signal.c
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
@@ -2030,16 +12897,186 @@ signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_native.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_debug.h
 signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
+sprintf.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
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+sprintf.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bignum.h
+sprintf.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/bits.h
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+sprintf.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
+sprintf.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/hash.h
+sprintf.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/numeric.h
+sprintf.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/object.h
+sprintf.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/sanitizers.h
+sprintf.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
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 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
+sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id_table.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}intern.h
 sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal.h
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 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}intern.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}io.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/anyargs.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/char.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/double.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/int.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/long.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/short.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/uid_t.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/assume.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/alloc_size.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/artificial.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/cold.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/const.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/constexpr.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/deprecated.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/diagnose_if.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/enum_extensibility.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/error.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/flag_enum.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/forceinline.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/format.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/maybe_unused.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noalias.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nodiscard.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noexcept.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noinline.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nonnull.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noreturn.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/pure.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/restrict.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/returns_nonnull.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/warning.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/weakref.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/cast.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_is.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_is/apple.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_is/clang.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_is/gcc.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_is/intel.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_is/sunpro.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_since.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/config.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/constant_p.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rarray.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rbasic.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rbignum.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rclass.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rdata.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rfile.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rhash.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/robject.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rregexp.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rstring.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rstruct.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rtypeddata.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/ctype.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/dllexport.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/dosish.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/error.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/eval.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/event.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/fl_type.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/gc.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/glob.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/globals.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/has/attribute.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/has/builtin.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/has/c_attribute.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/has/cpp_attribute.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/has/declspec_attribute.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/has/extension.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/has/feature.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/has/warning.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/array.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/bignum.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/class.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/compar.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/complex.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/cont.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/dir.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/enum.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/enumerator.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/error.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/eval.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/file.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/gc.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/hash.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/io.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/load.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/marshal.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/numeric.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/object.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/parse.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/proc.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/process.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/random.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/range.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/rational.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/re.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/ruby.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/select.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/signal.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/sprintf.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/string.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/struct.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/thread.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/time.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/variable.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/vm.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/interpreter.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/iterator.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/memory.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/method.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/module.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/newobj.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/rgengc.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/scan_args.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/special_consts.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/static_assert.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/stdalign.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/stdbool.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/symbol.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/token_paste.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/value.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/value_type.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/variable.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/warning_push.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}iseq.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}method.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
+vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
@@ -2338,27 +15786,190 @@ vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_native.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_backtrace.c
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
-vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_debug.h
 vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/check_type/check_type.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/container_of/container_of.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
-vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/include/ruby.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/variable.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}addr2line.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}atomic.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/assume.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/attributes.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/bool.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/gcc_version_since.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/inttypes.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/limits.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}constant.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
-vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}gc.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id_table.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}intern.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}io.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/anyargs.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/char.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/double.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/int.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/long.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/short.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
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+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/artificial.h
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 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}iseq.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}method.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
-vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
+vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}procstat_vm.c
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 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
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 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_debug.h
 vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_dump.c
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+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/proc.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/process.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/random.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/range.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/rational.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/re.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/ruby.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/select.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/signal.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/sprintf.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/string.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/struct.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/thread.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/time.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/variable.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/vm.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/interpreter.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/iterator.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/memory.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/method.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/module.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/newobj.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/rgengc.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/scan_args.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/special_consts.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/static_assert.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/stdalign.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/stdbool.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/symbol.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/token_paste.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/value.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/value_type.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/variable.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/warning_push.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}iseq.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}method.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mjit.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_native.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}trace_point.rbinc
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
-vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_debug.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
 vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_trace.c
 # AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/compar.c b/compar.c
index 3d0a3e81dc..04d4ff8c70 100644
--- a/compar.c
+++ b/compar.c
@@ -9,11 +9,20 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
+#include "id.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/compar.h"
+#include "internal/error.h"
+#include "internal/vm.h"
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"
 
 VALUE rb_mComparable;
 
-static ID cmp;
+static VALUE
+rb_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    return rb_funcallv(x, idCmp, 1, &y);
+}
 
 void
 rb_cmperr(VALUE x, VALUE y)
@@ -34,7 +43,7 @@ static VALUE
 invcmp_recursive(VALUE x, VALUE y, int recursive)
 {
     if (recursive) return Qnil;
-    return rb_check_funcall(y, cmp, 1, &x);
+    return rb_cmp(y, x);
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -54,25 +63,7 @@ static VALUE
 cmp_eq_recursive(VALUE arg1, VALUE arg2, int recursive)
 {
     if (recursive) return Qnil;
-    return rb_funcallv(arg1, cmp, 1, &arg2);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-cmp_eq(VALUE *a)
-{
-    VALUE c = rb_exec_recursive_paired_outer(cmp_eq_recursive, a[0], a[1], a[1]);
-
-    if (NIL_P(c)) return Qfalse;
-    if (rb_cmpint(c, a[0], a[1]) == 0) return Qtrue;
-    return Qfalse;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-cmp_failed(void)
-{
-    rb_warn("Comparable#== will no more rescue exceptions of #<=> in the next release.");
-    rb_warn("Return nil in #<=> if the comparison is inappropriate or avoid such comparison.");
-    return Qfalse;
+    return rb_cmp(arg1, arg2);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -82,20 +73,25 @@ cmp_failed(void)
  *  Compares two objects based on the receiver's <code><=></code>
  *  method, returning true if it returns 0. Also returns true if
  *  _obj_ and _other_ are the same object.
- *
- *  Even if _obj_ <=> _other_ raised an exception, the exception
- *  is ignored and returns false.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 cmp_equal(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    VALUE a[2];
-
+    VALUE c;
     if (x == y) return Qtrue;
 
-    a[0] = x; a[1] = y;
-    return rb_rescue(cmp_eq, (VALUE)a, cmp_failed, 0);
+    c = rb_exec_recursive_paired_outer(cmp_eq_recursive, x, y, y);
+
+    if (NIL_P(c)) return Qfalse;
+    if (rb_cmpint(c, x, y) == 0) return Qtrue;
+    return Qfalse;
+}
+
+static int
+cmpint(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    return rb_cmpint(rb_cmp(x, y), x, y);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -103,15 +99,13 @@ cmp_equal(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *     obj > other    -> true or false
  *
  *  Compares two objects based on the receiver's <code><=></code>
- *  method, returning true if it returns 1.
+ *  method, returning true if it returns a value greater than 0.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 cmp_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    VALUE c = rb_funcall(x, cmp, 1, y);
-
-    if (rb_cmpint(c, x, y) > 0) return Qtrue;
+    if (cmpint(x, y) > 0) return Qtrue;
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
@@ -120,15 +114,13 @@ cmp_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *     obj >= other    -> true or false
  *
  *  Compares two objects based on the receiver's <code><=></code>
- *  method, returning true if it returns 0 or 1.
+ *  method, returning true if it returns a value greater than or equal to 0.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 cmp_ge(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    VALUE c = rb_funcall(x, cmp, 1, y);
-
-    if (rb_cmpint(c, x, y) >= 0) return Qtrue;
+    if (cmpint(x, y) >= 0) return Qtrue;
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
@@ -137,15 +129,13 @@ cmp_ge(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *     obj < other    -> true or false
  *
  *  Compares two objects based on the receiver's <code><=></code>
- *  method, returning true if it returns -1.
+ *  method, returning true if it returns a value less than 0.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 cmp_lt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    VALUE c = rb_funcall(x, cmp, 1, y);
-
-    if (rb_cmpint(c, x, y) < 0) return Qtrue;
+    if (cmpint(x, y) < 0) return Qtrue;
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
@@ -154,15 +144,13 @@ cmp_lt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *     obj <= other    -> true or false
  *
  *  Compares two objects based on the receiver's <code><=></code>
- *  method, returning true if it returns -1 or 0.
+ *  method, returning true if it returns a value less than or equal to 0.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 cmp_le(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    VALUE c = rb_funcall(x, cmp, 1, y);
-
-    if (rb_cmpint(c, x, y) <= 0) return Qtrue;
+    if (cmpint(x, y) <= 0) return Qtrue;
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
@@ -170,9 +158,9 @@ cmp_le(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *  call-seq:
  *     obj.between?(min, max)    -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns <code>false</code> if <i>obj</i> <code><=></code>
- *  <i>min</i> is less than zero or if <i>anObject</i> <code><=></code>
- *  <i>max</i> is greater than zero, <code>true</code> otherwise.
+ *  Returns <code>false</code> if _obj_ <code><=></code> _min_ is less
+ *  than zero or if _obj_ <code><=></code> _max_ is greater than zero,
+ *  <code>true</code> otherwise.
  *
  *     3.between?(1, 5)               #=> true
  *     6.between?(1, 5)               #=> false
@@ -184,28 +172,103 @@ cmp_le(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 static VALUE
 cmp_between(VALUE x, VALUE min, VALUE max)
 {
-    if (RTEST(cmp_lt(x, min))) return Qfalse;
-    if (RTEST(cmp_gt(x, max))) return Qfalse;
+    if (cmpint(x, min) < 0) return Qfalse;
+    if (cmpint(x, max) > 0) return Qfalse;
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
 /*
- *  The <code>Comparable</code> mixin is used by classes whose objects
- *  may be ordered. The class must define the <code><=></code> operator,
- *  which compares the receiver against another object, returning -1, 0,
- *  or +1 depending on whether the receiver is less than, equal to, or
- *  greater than the other object. If the other object is not comparable
- *  then the <code><=></code> operator should return nil.
- *  <code>Comparable</code> uses
- *  <code><=></code> to implement the conventional comparison operators
- *  (<code><</code>, <code><=</code>, <code>==</code>, <code>>=</code>,
- *  and <code>></code>) and the method <code>between?</code>.
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     obj.clamp(min, max) ->  obj
+ *     obj.clamp(range)    ->  obj
+ *
+ * In <code>(min, max)</code> form, returns _min_ if _obj_
+ * <code><=></code> _min_ is less than zero, _max_ if _obj_
+ * <code><=></code> _max_ is greater than zero, and _obj_
+ * otherwise.
+ *
+ *     12.clamp(0, 100)         #=> 12
+ *     523.clamp(0, 100)        #=> 100
+ *     -3.123.clamp(0, 100)     #=> 0
+ *
+ *     'd'.clamp('a', 'f')      #=> 'd'
+ *     'z'.clamp('a', 'f')      #=> 'f'
+ *
+ * In <code>(range)</code> form, returns _range.begin_ if _obj_
+ * <code><=></code> _range.begin_ is less than zero, _range.end_
+ * if _obj_ <code><=></code> _range.end_ is greater than zero, and
+ * _obj_ otherwise.
+ *
+ *     12.clamp(0..100)         #=> 12
+ *     523.clamp(0..100)        #=> 100
+ *     -3.123.clamp(0..100)     #=> 0
+ *
+ *     'd'.clamp('a'..'f')      #=> 'd'
+ *     'z'.clamp('a'..'f')      #=> 'f'
+ *
+ * If _range.begin_ is +nil+, it is considered smaller than _obj_,
+ * and if _range.end_ is +nil+, it is considered greater than
+ * _obj_.
+ *
+ *     -20.clamp(0..)           #=> 0
+ *     523.clamp(..100)         #=> 100
+ *
+ * When _range.end_ is excluded and not +nil+, an exception is
+ * raised.
+ *
+ *     100.clamp(0...100)       # ArgumentError
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+cmp_clamp(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE x)
+{
+    VALUE min, max;
+    int c, excl = 0;
+
+    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &min, &max) == 1) {
+        VALUE range = min;
+        if (!rb_range_values(range, &min, &max, &excl)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (expected Range)",
+                     rb_builtin_class_name(range));
+        }
+        if (!NIL_P(max)) {
+            if (excl) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "cannot clamp with an exclusive range");
+        }
+    }
+    if (!NIL_P(min) && !NIL_P(max) && cmpint(min, max) > 0) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "min argument must be smaller than max argument");
+    }
+
+    if (!NIL_P(min)) {
+        c = cmpint(x, min);
+        if (c == 0) return x;
+        if (c < 0) return min;
+    }
+    if (!NIL_P(max)) {
+        c = cmpint(x, max);
+        if (c > 0) return max;
+    }
+    return x;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  The Comparable mixin is used by classes whose objects may be
+ *  ordered. The class must define the <code><=></code> operator,
+ *  which compares the receiver against another object, returning a
+ *  value less than 0, returning 0, or returning a value greater than 0,
+ *  depending on whether the receiver is less than, equal to,
+ *  or greater than the other object. If the other object is not
+ *  comparable then the <code><=></code> operator should return +nil+.
+ *  Comparable uses <code><=></code> to implement the conventional
+ *  comparison operators (<code><</code>, <code><=</code>,
+ *  <code>==</code>, <code>>=</code>, and <code>></code>) and the
+ *  method <code>between?</code>.
  *
  *     class SizeMatters
  *       include Comparable
  *       attr :str
- *       def <=>(anOther)
- *         str.size <=> anOther.str.size
+ *       def <=>(other)
+ *         str.size <=> other.str.size
  *       end
  *       def initialize(str)
  *         @str = str
@@ -231,9 +294,6 @@ cmp_between(VALUE x, VALUE min, VALUE max)
 void
 Init_Comparable(void)
 {
-#undef rb_intern
-#define rb_intern(str) rb_intern_const(str)
-
     rb_mComparable = rb_define_module("Comparable");
     rb_define_method(rb_mComparable, "==", cmp_equal, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_mComparable, ">", cmp_gt, 1);
@@ -241,6 +301,5 @@ Init_Comparable(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_mComparable, "<", cmp_lt, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_mComparable, "<=", cmp_le, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_mComparable, "between?", cmp_between, 2);
-
-    cmp = rb_intern("<=>");
+    rb_define_method(rb_mComparable, "clamp", cmp_clamp, -1);
 }
diff --git a/compile.c b/compile.c
index db6e4f6f97..9844c145bc 100644
--- a/compile.c
+++ b/compile.c
@@ -9,28 +9,54 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#include "internal.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
 #include <math.h>
 
-#define USE_INSN_STACK_INCREASE 1
-#include "vm_core.h"
+#ifdef HAVE_DLADDR
+# include <dlfcn.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "encindex.h"
+#include "gc.h"
+#include "id_table.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/array.h"
+#include "internal/compile.h"
+#include "internal/complex.h"
+#include "internal/encoding.h"
+#include "internal/error.h"
+#include "internal/hash.h"
+#include "internal/numeric.h"
+#include "internal/object.h"
+#include "internal/rational.h"
+#include "internal/re.h"
+#include "internal/symbol.h"
+#include "internal/thread.h"
+#include "internal/variable.h"
 #include "iseq.h"
+#include "ruby/re.h"
+#include "ruby/util.h"
+#include "vm_core.h"
+#include "vm_callinfo.h"
+#include "vm_debug.h"
+
+#include "builtin.h"
 #include "insns.inc"
 #include "insns_info.inc"
 
-#ifdef HAVE_DLADDR
-# include <dlfcn.h>
-#endif
+#undef RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING
+#define RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING 0
 
 #define FIXNUM_INC(n, i) ((n)+(INT2FIX(i)&~FIXNUM_FLAG))
 #define FIXNUM_OR(n, i) ((n)|INT2FIX(i))
 
 typedef struct iseq_link_element {
     enum {
-	ISEQ_ELEMENT_NONE,
+	ISEQ_ELEMENT_ANCHOR,
 	ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL,
 	ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN,
-	ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST
+	ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST,
+        ISEQ_ELEMENT_TRACE,
     } type;
     struct iseq_link_element *next;
     struct iseq_link_element *prev;
@@ -53,18 +79,23 @@ typedef struct iseq_label_data {
     int label_no;
     int position;
     int sc_state;
-    int set;
     int sp;
+    int refcnt;
+    unsigned int set: 1;
     unsigned int rescued: 2;
+    unsigned int unremovable: 1;
 } LABEL;
 
 typedef struct iseq_insn_data {
     LINK_ELEMENT link;
     enum ruby_vminsn_type insn_id;
-    unsigned int line_no;
     int operand_size;
     int sc_state;
     VALUE *operands;
+    struct {
+	int line_no;
+	rb_event_flag_t events;
+    } insn_info;
 } INSN;
 
 typedef struct iseq_adjust_data {
@@ -73,6 +104,12 @@ typedef struct iseq_adjust_data {
     int line_no;
 } ADJUST;
 
+typedef struct iseq_trace_data {
+    LINK_ELEMENT link;
+    rb_event_flag_t event;
+    long data;
+} TRACE;
+
 struct ensure_range {
     LABEL *begin;
     LABEL *end;
@@ -80,11 +117,13 @@ struct ensure_range {
 };
 
 struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack {
-    NODE *ensure_node;
+    const NODE *ensure_node;
     struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack *prev;
     struct ensure_range *erange;
 };
 
+const ID rb_iseq_shared_exc_local_tbl[] = {idERROR_INFO};
+
 /**
  * debug function(macro) interface depend on CPDEBUG
  * if it is less than 0, runtime option is in effect.
@@ -105,7 +144,7 @@ struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack {
 #if CPDEBUG >= 0
 #define compile_debug CPDEBUG
 #else
-#define compile_debug iseq->compile_data->option->debug_level
+#define compile_debug ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->debug_level
 #endif
 
 #if CPDEBUG
@@ -135,35 +174,25 @@ struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack {
 
 #define debug_node_start(node)  ((void) \
   (compile_debug_print_indent(1) && \
-   (ruby_debug_print_node(1, CPDEBUG, "", (NODE *)(node)), gl_node_level)), \
+   (ruby_debug_print_node(1, CPDEBUG, "", (const NODE *)(node)), gl_node_level)), \
    gl_node_level++)
 
 #define debug_node_end()  gl_node_level --
 
 #else
 
-static inline ID
-r_id(ID id)
-{
-    return id;
-}
-
-static inline VALUE
-r_value(VALUE value)
-{
-    return value;
-}
-
-#define debugi(header, id)                 r_id(id)
-#define debugp(header, value)              r_value(value)
-#define debugp_verbose(header, value)      r_value(value)
-#define debugp_verbose_node(header, value) r_value(value)
-#define debugp_param(header, value)        r_value(value)
+#define debugi(header, id)                 ((void)0)
+#define debugp(header, value)              ((void)0)
+#define debugp_verbose(header, value)      ((void)0)
+#define debugp_verbose_node(header, value) ((void)0)
+#define debugp_param(header, value)        ((void)0)
 #define debug_node_start(node)             ((void)0)
 #define debug_node_end()                   ((void)0)
 #endif
 
 #if CPDEBUG > 1 || CPDEBUG < 0
+#undef printf
+#define printf ruby_debug_printf
 #define debugs if (compile_debug_print_indent(1)) ruby_debug_printf
 #define debug_compile(msg, v) ((void)(compile_debug_print_indent(1) && fputs((msg), stderr)), (v))
 #else
@@ -171,21 +200,17 @@ r_value(VALUE value)
 #define debug_compile(msg, v) (v)
 #endif
 
+#define LVAR_ERRINFO (1)
 
 /* create new label */
 #define NEW_LABEL(l) new_label_body(iseq, (l))
+#define LABEL_FORMAT "<L%03d>"
 
-#define iseq_path(iseq) \
-  (((rb_iseq_t*)DATA_PTR(iseq))->location.path)
-
-#define iseq_absolute_path(iseq) \
-  (((rb_iseq_t*)DATA_PTR(iseq))->location.absolute_path)
-
-#define NEW_ISEQVAL(node, name, type, line_no)       \
+#define NEW_ISEQ(node, name, type, line_no) \
   new_child_iseq(iseq, (node), rb_fstring(name), 0, (type), (line_no))
 
-#define NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(node, name, type, line_no)       \
-  new_child_iseq(iseq, (node), rb_fstring(name), iseq->self, (type), (line_no))
+#define NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(node, name, type, line_no) \
+  new_child_iseq(iseq, (node), rb_fstring(name), iseq, (type), (line_no))
 
 /* add instructions */
 #define ADD_SEQ(seq1, seq2) \
@@ -195,22 +220,33 @@ r_value(VALUE value)
 #define ADD_INSN(seq, line, insn) \
   ADD_ELEM((seq), (LINK_ELEMENT *) new_insn_body(iseq, (line), BIN(insn), 0))
 
-/* insert an instruction before prev */
-#define INSERT_BEFORE_INSN(prev, line, insn) \
-  INSERT_ELEM_PREV(&(prev)->link, (LINK_ELEMENT *) new_insn_body(iseq, (line), BIN(insn), 0))
+/* insert an instruction before next */
+#define INSERT_BEFORE_INSN(next, line, insn) \
+  ELEM_INSERT_PREV(&(next)->link, (LINK_ELEMENT *) new_insn_body(iseq, (line), BIN(insn), 0))
+
+/* insert an instruction after prev */
+#define INSERT_AFTER_INSN(prev, line, insn) \
+  ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(&(prev)->link, (LINK_ELEMENT *) new_insn_body(iseq, (line), BIN(insn), 0))
 
 /* add an instruction with some operands (1, 2, 3, 5) */
 #define ADD_INSN1(seq, line, insn, op1) \
   ADD_ELEM((seq), (LINK_ELEMENT *) \
            new_insn_body(iseq, (line), BIN(insn), 1, (VALUE)(op1)))
 
-/* insert an instruction with some operands (1, 2, 3, 5) before prev */
-#define INSERT_BEFORE_INSN1(prev, line, insn, op1) \
-  INSERT_ELEM_PREV(&(prev)->link, (LINK_ELEMENT *) \
+/* insert an instruction with some operands (1, 2, 3, 5) before next */
+#define INSERT_BEFORE_INSN1(next, line, insn, op1) \
+  ELEM_INSERT_PREV(&(next)->link, (LINK_ELEMENT *) \
            new_insn_body(iseq, (line), BIN(insn), 1, (VALUE)(op1)))
 
+/* insert an instruction with some operands (1, 2, 3, 5) after prev */
+#define INSERT_AFTER_INSN1(prev, line, insn, op1) \
+  ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(&(prev)->link, (LINK_ELEMENT *) \
+           new_insn_body(iseq, (line), BIN(insn), 1, (VALUE)(op1)))
+
+#define LABEL_REF(label) ((label)->refcnt++)
+
 /* add an instruction with label operand (alias of ADD_INSN1) */
-#define ADD_INSNL(seq, line, insn, label) ADD_INSN1(seq, line, insn, label)
+#define ADD_INSNL(seq, line, insn, label) (ADD_INSN1(seq, line, insn, label), LABEL_REF(label))
 
 #define ADD_INSN2(seq, line, insn, op1, op2) \
   ADD_ELEM((seq), (LINK_ELEMENT *) \
@@ -222,39 +258,36 @@ r_value(VALUE value)
 
 /* Specific Insn factory */
 #define ADD_SEND(seq, line, id, argc) \
-  ADD_SEND_R((seq), (line), (id), (argc), (VALUE)Qfalse, (VALUE)INT2FIX(0), NULL)
+  ADD_SEND_R((seq), (line), (id), (argc), NULL, (VALUE)INT2FIX(0), NULL)
 
 #define ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(seq, line, id, argc, flag) \
-  ADD_SEND_R((seq), (line), (id), (argc), (VALUE)Qfalse, (VALUE)(flag), NULL)
+  ADD_SEND_R((seq), (line), (id), (argc), NULL, (VALUE)(flag), NULL)
 
 #define ADD_SEND_WITH_BLOCK(seq, line, id, argc, block) \
-  ADD_SEND_R((seq), (line), (id), (argc), (VALUE)(block), (VALUE)INT2FIX(0), NULL)
+  ADD_SEND_R((seq), (line), (id), (argc), (block), (VALUE)INT2FIX(0), NULL)
 
 #define ADD_CALL_RECEIVER(seq, line) \
   ADD_INSN((seq), (line), putself)
 
 #define ADD_CALL(seq, line, id, argc) \
-  ADD_SEND_R((seq), (line), (id), (argc), (VALUE)Qfalse, (VALUE)INT2FIX(VM_CALL_FCALL), NULL)
+  ADD_SEND_R((seq), (line), (id), (argc), NULL, (VALUE)INT2FIX(VM_CALL_FCALL), NULL)
 
 #define ADD_CALL_WITH_BLOCK(seq, line, id, argc, block) \
   ADD_SEND_R((seq), (line), (id), (argc), (block), (VALUE)INT2FIX(VM_CALL_FCALL), NULL)
 
 #define ADD_SEND_R(seq, line, id, argc, block, flag, keywords) \
-  ADD_ELEM((seq), (LINK_ELEMENT *) new_insn_send(iseq, (line), (id), (VALUE)(argc), (VALUE)(block), (VALUE)(flag), (keywords)))
-
-#define ADD_TRACE(seq, line, event) \
-  do { \
-      if ((event) == RUBY_EVENT_LINE && iseq->coverage && \
-	  (line) > 0 && \
-	  (line) != iseq->compile_data->last_coverable_line) { \
-	  RARRAY_ASET(iseq->coverage, (line) - 1, INT2FIX(0)); \
-	  iseq->compile_data->last_coverable_line = (line); \
-	  ADD_INSN1((seq), (line), trace, INT2FIX(RUBY_EVENT_COVERAGE)); \
-      } \
-      if (iseq->compile_data->option->trace_instruction) { \
-	  ADD_INSN1((seq), (line), trace, INT2FIX(event)); \
-      } \
-  } while (0)
+  ADD_ELEM((seq), (LINK_ELEMENT *) new_insn_send(iseq, (line), (id), (VALUE)(argc), (block), (VALUE)(flag), (keywords)))
+
+#define ADD_TRACE(seq, event) \
+  ADD_ELEM((seq), (LINK_ELEMENT *)new_trace_body(iseq, (event), 0))
+#define ADD_TRACE_WITH_DATA(seq, event, data) \
+  ADD_ELEM((seq), (LINK_ELEMENT *)new_trace_body(iseq, (event), (data)))
+
+static void iseq_add_getlocal(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const seq, int line, int idx, int level);
+static void iseq_add_setlocal(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const seq, int line, int idx, int level);
+
+#define ADD_GETLOCAL(seq, line, idx, level) iseq_add_getlocal(iseq, (seq), (line), (idx), (level))
+#define ADD_SETLOCAL(seq, line, idx, level) iseq_add_setlocal(iseq, (seq), (line), (idx), (level))
 
 /* add label */
 #define ADD_LABEL(seq, label) \
@@ -269,11 +302,19 @@ r_value(VALUE value)
 #define ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(seq, label) \
   ADD_ELEM((seq), (LINK_ELEMENT *) new_adjust_body(iseq, (label), -1))
 
-#define ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(type, ls, le, iseqv, lc)		\
-    (rb_ary_push(iseq->compile_data->catch_table_ary,		\
-		 rb_ary_new3(5, (type),				\
-			     (VALUE)(ls) | 1, (VALUE)(le) | 1,	\
-			     (VALUE)(iseqv), (VALUE)(lc) | 1)))
+#define LABEL_UNREMOVABLE(label) \
+    ((label) ? (LABEL_REF(label), (label)->unremovable=1) : 0)
+#define ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(type, ls, le, iseqv, lc) do {				\
+    VALUE _e = rb_ary_new3(5, (type),						\
+			   (VALUE)(ls) | 1, (VALUE)(le) | 1,			\
+			   (VALUE)(iseqv), (VALUE)(lc) | 1);			\
+    LABEL_UNREMOVABLE(ls);							\
+    LABEL_REF(le);								\
+    LABEL_REF(lc);								\
+    if (NIL_P(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary)) \
+        RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary, rb_ary_tmp_new(3)); \
+    rb_ary_push(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary, freeze_hide_obj(_e));	\
+} while (0)
 
 /* compile node */
 #define COMPILE(anchor, desc, node) \
@@ -281,19 +322,19 @@ r_value(VALUE value)
                  iseq_compile_each(iseq, (anchor), (node), 0)))
 
 /* compile node, this node's value will be popped */
-#define COMPILE_POPED(anchor, desc, node)    \
+#define COMPILE_POPPED(anchor, desc, node)    \
   (debug_compile("== " desc "\n", \
                  iseq_compile_each(iseq, (anchor), (node), 1)))
 
-/* compile node, which is popped when 'poped' is true */
-#define COMPILE_(anchor, desc, node, poped)  \
+/* compile node, which is popped when 'popped' is true */
+#define COMPILE_(anchor, desc, node, popped)  \
   (debug_compile("== " desc "\n", \
-                 iseq_compile_each(iseq, (anchor), (node), (poped))))
+                 iseq_compile_each(iseq, (anchor), (node), (popped))))
 
 #define COMPILE_RECV(anchor, desc, node) \
     (private_recv_p(node) ? \
      (ADD_INSN(anchor, nd_line(node), putself), VM_CALL_FCALL) : \
-     (COMPILE(anchor, desc, node->nd_recv), 0))
+     COMPILE(anchor, desc, node->nd_recv) ? 0 : -1)
 
 #define OPERAND_AT(insn, idx) \
   (((INSN*)(insn))->operands[(idx)])
@@ -301,34 +342,108 @@ r_value(VALUE value)
 #define INSN_OF(insn) \
   (((INSN*)(insn))->insn_id)
 
+#define IS_INSN(link) ((link)->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN)
+#define IS_LABEL(link) ((link)->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL)
+#define IS_ADJUST(link) ((link)->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST)
+#define IS_TRACE(link) ((link)->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_TRACE)
+#define IS_INSN_ID(iobj, insn) (INSN_OF(iobj) == BIN(insn))
+#define IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(link, insn) \
+    ((link)->next && IS_INSN((link)->next) && IS_INSN_ID((link)->next, insn))
+
 /* error */
-#define COMPILE_ERROR(strs)                        \
-{                                                  \
-  VALUE tmp = GET_THREAD()->errinfo;               \
-  if (compile_debug) rb_compile_bug strs;          \
-  GET_THREAD()->errinfo = iseq->compile_data->err_info;  \
-  rb_compile_error strs;                           \
-  RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq->self, &iseq->compile_data->err_info, GET_THREAD()->errinfo); \
-  GET_THREAD()->errinfo = tmp;                     \
-  ret = 0;                                         \
-  break;                                           \
+#if CPDEBUG > 0
+NORETURN(static void append_compile_error(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line, const char *fmt, ...));
+#endif
+
+static void
+append_compile_error(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+    VALUE err_info = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->err_info;
+    VALUE file = rb_iseq_path(iseq);
+    VALUE err = err_info == Qtrue ? Qfalse : err_info;
+    va_list args;
+
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    err = rb_syntax_error_append(err, file, line, -1, NULL, fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    if (NIL_P(err_info)) {
+	RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->err_info, err);
+	rb_set_errinfo(err);
+    }
+    else if (!err_info) {
+	RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->err_info, Qtrue);
+    }
+    if (compile_debug) {
+        if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(err)) err = rb_eSyntaxError;
+        rb_exc_fatal(err);
+    }
+}
+
+#if 0
+static void
+compile_bug(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    rb_report_bug_valist(rb_iseq_path(iseq), line, fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    abort();
 }
+#endif
+
+#define COMPILE_ERROR append_compile_error
 
-#define ERROR_ARGS ruby_sourcefile, nd_line(node),
+#define ERROR_ARGS_AT(n) iseq, nd_line(n),
+#define ERROR_ARGS ERROR_ARGS_AT(node)
 
+#define EXPECT_NODE(prefix, node, ndtype, errval) \
+do { \
+    const NODE *error_node = (node); \
+    enum node_type error_type = nd_type(error_node); \
+    if (error_type != (ndtype)) { \
+	COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS_AT(error_node) \
+		      prefix ": " #ndtype " is expected, but %s", \
+		      ruby_node_name(error_type)); \
+	return errval; \
+    } \
+} while (0)
+
+#define EXPECT_NODE_NONULL(prefix, parent, ndtype, errval) \
+do { \
+    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS_AT(parent) \
+		  prefix ": must be " #ndtype ", but 0"); \
+    return errval; \
+} while (0)
+
+#define UNKNOWN_NODE(prefix, node, errval) \
+do { \
+    const NODE *error_node = (node); \
+    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS_AT(error_node) prefix ": unknown node (%s)", \
+		  ruby_node_name(nd_type(error_node))); \
+    return errval; \
+} while (0)
 
 #define COMPILE_OK 1
 #define COMPILE_NG 0
 
+#define CHECK(sub) if (!(sub)) {BEFORE_RETURN;return COMPILE_NG;}
+#define NO_CHECK(sub) (void)(sub)
+#define BEFORE_RETURN
 
 /* leave name uninitialized so that compiler warn if INIT_ANCHOR is
  * missing */
 #define DECL_ANCHOR(name) \
-  LINK_ANCHOR *name, name##_body__ = {{0,},}
+    LINK_ANCHOR name[1] = {{{ISEQ_ELEMENT_ANCHOR,},}}
 #define INIT_ANCHOR(name) \
-  (name##_body__.last = &name##_body__.anchor, name = &name##_body__)
+    (name->last = &name->anchor)
 
-#define hide_obj(obj) do {OBJ_FREEZE(obj); RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(obj);} while (0)
+static inline VALUE
+freeze_hide_obj(VALUE obj)
+{
+    OBJ_FREEZE(obj);
+    RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(obj);
+    return obj;
+}
 
 #include "optinsn.inc"
 #if OPT_INSTRUCTIONS_UNIFICATION
@@ -345,10 +460,11 @@ r_value(VALUE value)
 #endif
 
 #if CPDEBUG
-#define gl_node_level iseq->compile_data->node_level
+#define gl_node_level ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->node_level
 #endif
 
-static void dump_disasm_list(LINK_ELEMENT *elem);
+static void dump_disasm_list_with_cursor(const LINK_ELEMENT *link, const LINK_ELEMENT *curr, const LABEL *dest);
+static void dump_disasm_list(const LINK_ELEMENT *elem);
 
 static int insn_data_length(INSN *iobj);
 static int calc_sp_depth(int depth, INSN *iobj);
@@ -356,27 +472,33 @@ static int calc_sp_depth(int depth, INSN *iobj);
 static INSN *new_insn_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line_no, enum ruby_vminsn_type insn_id, int argc, ...);
 static LABEL *new_label_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, long line);
 static ADJUST *new_adjust_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LABEL *label, int line);
+static TRACE *new_trace_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, rb_event_flag_t event, long data);
 
-static int iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor, NODE * n, int);
-static int iseq_setup(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor);
-static int iseq_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor);
-static int iseq_insns_unification(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor);
+
+static int iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor, const NODE *n, int);
+static int iseq_setup(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor);
+static int iseq_setup_insn(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor);
+static int iseq_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor);
+static int iseq_insns_unification(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor);
 
 static int iseq_set_local_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const ID *tbl);
 static int iseq_set_exception_local_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq);
-static int iseq_set_arguments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor, NODE * node);
+static int iseq_set_arguments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor, const NODE *const node);
 
-static int iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor);
-static int iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor);
+static int iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor);
+static int iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor);
 static int iseq_set_exception_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq);
 static int iseq_set_optargs_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq);
 
+static int compile_defined_expr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, VALUE needstr);
+static int compile_hash(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *node, int method_call_keywords, int popped);
+
 /*
  * To make Array to LinkedList, use link_anchor
  */
 
 static void
-verify_list(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE const char *info, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+verify_list(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE const char *info, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
 #if CPDEBUG
     int flag = 0;
@@ -407,11 +529,49 @@ verify_list(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE const char *info, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 #define verify_list(info, anchor) verify_list(iseq, (info), (anchor))
 #endif
 
+static void
+verify_call_cache(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+#if CPDEBUG
+    // fprintf(stderr, "ci_size:%d\t", iseq->body->ci_size); rp(iseq);
+
+    VALUE *original = rb_iseq_original_iseq(iseq);
+    size_t i = 0;
+    while (i < iseq->body->iseq_size) {
+        VALUE insn = original[i];
+        const char *types = insn_op_types(insn);
+
+        for (int j=0; types[j]; j++) {
+            if (types[j] == TS_CALLDATA) {
+                struct rb_call_data *cd = (struct rb_call_data *)original[i+j+1];
+                const struct rb_callinfo *ci = cd->ci;
+                const struct rb_callcache *cc = cd->cc;
+                if (cc != vm_cc_empty()) {
+                    vm_ci_dump(ci);
+                    rb_bug("call cache is not initialized by vm_cc_empty()");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        i += insn_len(insn);
+    }
+
+    for (unsigned int i=0; i<iseq->body->ci_size; i++) {
+        struct rb_call_data *cd = &iseq->body->call_data[i];
+        const struct rb_callinfo *ci = cd->ci;
+        const struct rb_callcache *cc = cd->cc;
+        if (cc != NULL && cc != vm_cc_empty()) {
+            vm_ci_dump(ci);
+            rb_bug("call cache is not initialized by vm_cc_empty()");
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
 /*
  * elem1, elem2 => elem1, elem2, elem
  */
 static void
-ADD_ELEM(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anchor, LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
+ADD_ELEM(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor, LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
 {
     elem->prev = anchor->last;
     anchor->last->next = elem;
@@ -423,7 +583,7 @@ ADD_ELEM(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anchor, LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
  * elem1, before, elem2 => elem1, before, elem, elem2
  */
 static void
-APPEND_ELEM(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anchor, LINK_ELEMENT *before, LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
+APPEND_ELEM(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor, LINK_ELEMENT *before, LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
 {
     elem->prev = before;
     elem->next = before->next;
@@ -434,29 +594,101 @@ APPEND_ELEM(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anchor, LINK_ELEMENT *before, LINK_ELE
 }
 #if CPDEBUG < 0
 #define ADD_ELEM(anchor, elem) ADD_ELEM(iseq, (anchor), (elem))
-#define APPEND_ELEM(anchor, before, elem) ADD_ELEM(iseq, (anchor), (before), (elem))
+#define APPEND_ELEM(anchor, before, elem) APPEND_ELEM(iseq, (anchor), (before), (elem))
 #endif
 
 static int
-iseq_add_mark_object(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE v)
+branch_coverage_valid_p(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int first_line)
 {
-    if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(v)) {
-	rb_iseq_add_mark_object(iseq, v);
-    }
-    return COMPILE_OK;
+    if (!ISEQ_COVERAGE(iseq)) return 0;
+    if (!ISEQ_BRANCH_COVERAGE(iseq)) return 0;
+    if (first_line <= 0) return 0;
+    return 1;
 }
 
-#define ruby_sourcefile		RSTRING_PTR(iseq->location.path)
+static VALUE
+decl_branch_base(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *node, const char *type)
+{
+    const int first_lineno = nd_first_lineno(node), first_column = nd_first_column(node);
+    const int last_lineno = nd_last_lineno(node), last_column = nd_last_column(node);
 
-static int
-iseq_add_mark_object_compile_time(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE v)
+    if (!branch_coverage_valid_p(iseq, first_lineno)) return Qundef;
+
+    /*
+     * if !structure[node]
+     *   structure[node] = [type, first_lineno, first_column, last_lineno, last_column, branches = {}]
+     * else
+     *   branches = structure[node][5]
+     * end
+     */
+
+    VALUE structure = RARRAY_AREF(ISEQ_BRANCH_COVERAGE(iseq), 0);
+    VALUE key = (VALUE)node | 1; // FIXNUM for hash key
+    VALUE branch_base = rb_hash_aref(structure, key);
+    VALUE branches;
+
+    if (NIL_P(branch_base)) {
+        branch_base = rb_ary_tmp_new(6);
+        rb_hash_aset(structure, key, branch_base);
+        rb_ary_push(branch_base, ID2SYM(rb_intern(type)));
+        rb_ary_push(branch_base, INT2FIX(first_lineno));
+        rb_ary_push(branch_base, INT2FIX(first_column));
+        rb_ary_push(branch_base, INT2FIX(last_lineno));
+        rb_ary_push(branch_base, INT2FIX(last_column));
+        branches = rb_hash_new();
+        rb_obj_hide(branches);
+        rb_ary_push(branch_base, branches);
+    }
+    else {
+        branches = RARRAY_AREF(branch_base, 5);
+    }
+
+    return branches;
+}
+
+static void
+add_trace_branch_coverage(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const seq, const NODE *node, int branch_id, const char *type, VALUE branches)
 {
-    if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(v)) {
-	rb_ary_push(iseq->compile_data->mark_ary, v);
+    const int first_lineno = nd_first_lineno(node), first_column = nd_first_column(node);
+    const int last_lineno = nd_last_lineno(node), last_column = nd_last_column(node);
+
+    if (!branch_coverage_valid_p(iseq, first_lineno)) return;
+
+    /*
+     * if !branches[branch_id]
+     *   branches[branch_id] = [type, first_lineno, first_column, last_lineno, last_column, counter_idx]
+     * else
+     *   counter_idx= branches[branch_id][5]
+     * end
+     */
+
+    VALUE key = INT2FIX(branch_id);
+    VALUE branch = rb_hash_aref(branches, key);
+    long counter_idx;
+
+    if (NIL_P(branch)) {
+        branch = rb_ary_tmp_new(6);
+        rb_hash_aset(branches, key, branch);
+        rb_ary_push(branch, ID2SYM(rb_intern(type)));
+        rb_ary_push(branch, INT2FIX(first_lineno));
+        rb_ary_push(branch, INT2FIX(first_column));
+        rb_ary_push(branch, INT2FIX(last_lineno));
+        rb_ary_push(branch, INT2FIX(last_column));
+        VALUE counters = RARRAY_AREF(ISEQ_BRANCH_COVERAGE(iseq), 1);
+        counter_idx = RARRAY_LEN(counters);
+        rb_ary_push(branch, LONG2FIX(counter_idx));
+        rb_ary_push(counters, INT2FIX(0));
     }
-    return COMPILE_OK;
+    else {
+        counter_idx = FIX2LONG(RARRAY_AREF(branch, 5));
+    }
+
+    ADD_TRACE_WITH_DATA(seq, RUBY_EVENT_COVERAGE_BRANCH, counter_idx);
+    ADD_INSN(seq, last_lineno, nop);
 }
 
+#define ISEQ_LAST_LINE(iseq) (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line)
+
 static int
 validate_label(st_data_t name, st_data_t label, st_data_t arg)
 {
@@ -464,11 +696,9 @@ validate_label(st_data_t name, st_data_t label, st_data_t arg)
     LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)label;
     if (!lobj->link.next) {
 	do {
-	    int ret;
-	    COMPILE_ERROR((ruby_sourcefile, lobj->position,
-			   "%"PRIsVALUE": undefined label",
-			   rb_id2str((ID)name)));
-	    if (ret) break;
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, lobj->position,
+			  "%"PRIsVALUE": undefined label",
+			  rb_sym2str((VALUE)name));
 	} while (0);
     }
     return ST_CONTINUE;
@@ -478,169 +708,180 @@ static void
 validate_labels(rb_iseq_t *iseq, st_table *labels_table)
 {
     st_foreach(labels_table, validate_label, (st_data_t)iseq);
+    st_free_table(labels_table);
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_iseq_compile_node(VALUE self, NODE *node)
+rb_iseq_compile_callback(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const struct rb_iseq_new_with_callback_callback_func * ifunc)
 {
     DECL_ANCHOR(ret);
-    rb_iseq_t *iseq;
     INIT_ANCHOR(ret);
-    GetISeqPtr(self, iseq);
+
+    (*ifunc->func)(iseq, ret, ifunc->data);
+
+    ADD_INSN(ret, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line, leave);
+
+    CHECK(iseq_setup_insn(iseq, ret));
+    return iseq_setup(iseq, ret);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_iseq_compile_node(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *node)
+{
+    DECL_ANCHOR(ret);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(ret);
+
+    if (IMEMO_TYPE_P(node, imemo_ifunc)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unexpected imemo_ifunc");
+    }
 
     if (node == 0) {
-	COMPILE(ret, "nil", node);
+        NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "nil", node));
 	iseq_set_local_table(iseq, 0);
     }
+    /* assume node is T_NODE */
     else if (nd_type(node) == NODE_SCOPE) {
 	/* iseq type of top, method, class, block */
 	iseq_set_local_table(iseq, node->nd_tbl);
 	iseq_set_arguments(iseq, ret, node->nd_args);
 
-	switch (iseq->type) {
+	switch (iseq->body->type) {
 	  case ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK:
 	    {
-		LABEL *start = iseq->compile_data->start_label = NEW_LABEL(0);
-		LABEL *end = iseq->compile_data->end_label = NEW_LABEL(0);
+		LABEL *start = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->start_label = NEW_LABEL(0);
+		LABEL *end = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->end_label = NEW_LABEL(0);
 
 		start->rescued = LABEL_RESCUE_BEG;
 		end->rescued = LABEL_RESCUE_END;
 
-		ADD_TRACE(ret, FIX2INT(iseq->location.first_lineno), RUBY_EVENT_B_CALL);
+		ADD_TRACE(ret, RUBY_EVENT_B_CALL);
+		ADD_INSN (ret, FIX2INT(iseq->body->location.first_lineno), nop);
 		ADD_LABEL(ret, start);
-		COMPILE(ret, "block body", node->nd_body);
+		CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "block body", node->nd_body));
 		ADD_LABEL(ret, end);
-		ADD_TRACE(ret, nd_line(node), RUBY_EVENT_B_RETURN);
+		ADD_TRACE(ret, RUBY_EVENT_B_RETURN);
+		ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line = iseq->body->location.code_location.end_pos.lineno;
 
 		/* wide range catch handler must put at last */
-		ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_REDO, start, end, 0, start);
-		ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_NEXT, start, end, 0, end);
+		ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_REDO, start, end, NULL, start);
+		ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_NEXT, start, end, NULL, end);
 		break;
 	    }
 	  case ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS:
 	    {
-		ADD_TRACE(ret, FIX2INT(iseq->location.first_lineno), RUBY_EVENT_CLASS);
-		COMPILE(ret, "scoped node", node->nd_body);
-		ADD_TRACE(ret, nd_line(node), RUBY_EVENT_END);
+		ADD_TRACE(ret, RUBY_EVENT_CLASS);
+		CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "scoped node", node->nd_body));
+		ADD_TRACE(ret, RUBY_EVENT_END);
+		ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line = nd_line(node);
 		break;
 	    }
 	  case ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD:
 	    {
-		ADD_TRACE(ret, FIX2INT(iseq->location.first_lineno), RUBY_EVENT_CALL);
-		COMPILE(ret, "scoped node", node->nd_body);
-		ADD_TRACE(ret, nd_line(node), RUBY_EVENT_RETURN);
+		ADD_TRACE(ret, RUBY_EVENT_CALL);
+		CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "scoped node", node->nd_body));
+		ADD_TRACE(ret, RUBY_EVENT_RETURN);
+		ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line = nd_line(node);
 		break;
 	    }
 	  default: {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "scoped node", node->nd_body);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "scoped node", node->nd_body));
 	    break;
 	  }
 	}
     }
-    else if (nd_type(node) == NODE_IFUNC) {
-	/* user callback */
-	(*node->nd_cfnc)(iseq, ret, node->nd_tval);
-    }
     else {
-	switch (iseq->type) {
-	  case ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD:
-	  case ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS:
-	  case ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK:
-	  case ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL:
-	  case ISEQ_TYPE_MAIN:
-	  case ISEQ_TYPE_TOP:
-	    rb_compile_error(ERROR_ARGS "compile/should not be reached: %s:%d",
-			     __FILE__, __LINE__);
-	    break;
+	const char *m;
+#define INVALID_ISEQ_TYPE(type) \
+	ISEQ_TYPE_##type: m = #type; goto invalid_iseq_type
+	switch (iseq->body->type) {
+	  case INVALID_ISEQ_TYPE(METHOD);
+	  case INVALID_ISEQ_TYPE(CLASS);
+	  case INVALID_ISEQ_TYPE(BLOCK);
+	  case INVALID_ISEQ_TYPE(EVAL);
+	  case INVALID_ISEQ_TYPE(MAIN);
+	  case INVALID_ISEQ_TYPE(TOP);
+#undef INVALID_ISEQ_TYPE /* invalid iseq types end */
 	  case ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE:
 	    iseq_set_exception_local_table(iseq);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "rescue", node);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "rescue", node));
 	    break;
 	  case ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE:
 	    iseq_set_exception_local_table(iseq);
-	    COMPILE_POPED(ret, "ensure", node);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ret, "ensure", node));
 	    break;
-	  case ISEQ_TYPE_DEFINED_GUARD:
-	    iseq_set_local_table(iseq, 0);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "defined guard", node);
+	  case ISEQ_TYPE_PLAIN:
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "ensure", node));
 	    break;
 	  default:
-	    rb_bug("unknown scope");
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "unknown scope: %d", iseq->body->type);
+	    return COMPILE_NG;
+	  invalid_iseq_type:
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "compile/ISEQ_TYPE_%s should not be reached", m);
+	    return COMPILE_NG;
 	}
     }
 
-    if (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE || iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE) {
-	ADD_INSN2(ret, 0, getlocal, INT2FIX(2), INT2FIX(0));
+    if (iseq->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE || iseq->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE) {
+	ADD_GETLOCAL(ret, 0, LVAR_ERRINFO, 0);
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, 0, throw, INT2FIX(0) /* continue throw */ );
     }
     else {
-	ADD_INSN(ret, iseq->compile_data->last_line, leave);
+	ADD_INSN(ret, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line, leave);
     }
 
-#if SUPPORT_JOKE
-    if (iseq->compile_data->labels_table) {
-	validate_labels(iseq, iseq->compile_data->labels_table);
+#if OPT_SUPPORT_JOKE
+    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->labels_table) {
+	st_table *labels_table = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->labels_table;
+	ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->labels_table = 0;
+	validate_labels(iseq, labels_table);
     }
 #endif
+    CHECK(iseq_setup_insn(iseq, ret));
     return iseq_setup(iseq, ret);
 }
 
-int
+static int
 rb_iseq_translate_threaded_code(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
 #if OPT_DIRECT_THREADED_CODE || OPT_CALL_THREADED_CODE
     const void * const *table = rb_vm_get_insns_address_table();
     unsigned int i;
+    VALUE *encoded = (VALUE *)iseq->body->iseq_encoded;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < iseq->iseq_size; /* */ ) {
-	int insn = (int)iseq->iseq_encoded[i];
+    for (i = 0; i < iseq->body->iseq_size; /* */ ) {
+	int insn = (int)iseq->body->iseq_encoded[i];
 	int len = insn_len(insn);
-	iseq->iseq_encoded[i] = (VALUE)table[insn];
+	encoded[i] = (VALUE)table[insn];
 	i += len;
     }
+    FL_SET((VALUE)iseq, ISEQ_TRANSLATED);
 #endif
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
-#if OPT_DIRECT_THREADED_CODE || OPT_CALL_THREADED_CODE
-static int
-rb_vm_insn_addr2insn(const void *addr) /* cold path */
-{
-    int insn;
-    const void * const *table = rb_vm_get_insns_address_table();
-
-    for (insn = 0; insn < VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE; insn++) {
-	if (table[insn] == addr) {
-	    return insn;
-	}
-    }
-    rb_bug("rb_vm_insn_addr2insn: invalid insn address: %p", addr);
-}
-#endif
-
 VALUE *
-rb_iseq_original_iseq(rb_iseq_t *iseq) /* cold path */
+rb_iseq_original_iseq(const rb_iseq_t *iseq) /* cold path */
 {
-    if (iseq->iseq) return iseq->iseq;
+    VALUE *original_code;
 
-    iseq->iseq = ALLOC_N(VALUE, iseq->iseq_size);
-
-    MEMCPY(iseq->iseq, iseq->iseq_encoded, VALUE, iseq->iseq_size);
+    if (ISEQ_ORIGINAL_ISEQ(iseq)) return ISEQ_ORIGINAL_ISEQ(iseq);
+    original_code = ISEQ_ORIGINAL_ISEQ_ALLOC(iseq, iseq->body->iseq_size);
+    MEMCPY(original_code, iseq->body->iseq_encoded, VALUE, iseq->body->iseq_size);
 
 #if OPT_DIRECT_THREADED_CODE || OPT_CALL_THREADED_CODE
     {
 	unsigned int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < iseq->iseq_size; /* */ ) {
-	    const void *addr = (const void *)iseq->iseq[i];
+	for (i = 0; i < iseq->body->iseq_size; /* */ ) {
+	    const void *addr = (const void *)original_code[i];
 	    const int insn = rb_vm_insn_addr2insn(addr);
 
-	    iseq->iseq[i] = insn;
+	    original_code[i] = insn;
 	    i += insn_len(insn);
 	}
     }
 #endif
-    return iseq->iseq;
+    return original_code;
 }
 
 /*********************************************/
@@ -650,13 +891,23 @@ rb_iseq_original_iseq(rb_iseq_t *iseq) /* cold path */
 /*
  * On 32-bit SPARC, GCC by default generates SPARC V7 code that may require
  * 8-byte word alignment. On the other hand, Oracle Solaris Studio seems to
- * generate SPARCV8PLUS code with unaligned memory accesss instructions.
+ * generate SPARCV8PLUS code with unaligned memory access instructions.
  * That is why the STRICT_ALIGNMENT is defined only with GCC.
  */
 #if defined(__sparc) && SIZEOF_VOIDP == 4 && defined(__GNUC__)
   #define STRICT_ALIGNMENT
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * Some OpenBSD platforms (including sparc64) require strict alignment.
+ */
+#if defined(__OpenBSD__)
+  #include <sys/endian.h>
+  #ifdef __STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+    #define STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+  #endif
+#endif
+
 #ifdef STRICT_ALIGNMENT
   #if defined(HAVE_TRUE_LONG_LONG) && SIZEOF_LONG_LONG > SIZEOF_VALUE
     #define ALIGNMENT_SIZE SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
@@ -697,11 +948,10 @@ calc_padding(void *ptr, size_t size)
 #endif /* STRICT_ALIGNMENT */
 
 static void *
-compile_data_alloc(rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t size)
+compile_data_alloc_with_arena(struct iseq_compile_data_storage **arena, size_t size)
 {
     void *ptr = 0;
-    struct iseq_compile_data_storage *storage =
-	iseq->compile_data->storage_current;
+    struct iseq_compile_data_storage *storage = *arena;
 #ifdef STRICT_ALIGNMENT
     size_t padding = calc_padding((void *)&storage->buff[storage->pos], size);
 #else
@@ -717,8 +967,8 @@ compile_data_alloc(rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t size)
 	    alloc_size *= 2;
 	}
 	storage->next = (void *)ALLOC_N(char, alloc_size +
-					SIZEOF_ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA_STORAGE);
-	storage = iseq->compile_data->storage_current = storage->next;
+					offsetof(struct iseq_compile_data_storage, buff));
+	storage = *arena = storage->next;
 	storage->next = 0;
 	storage->pos = 0;
 	storage->size = alloc_size;
@@ -736,10 +986,34 @@ compile_data_alloc(rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t size)
     return ptr;
 }
 
+static void *
+compile_data_alloc(rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t size)
+{
+    struct iseq_compile_data_storage ** arena = &ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->node.storage_current;
+    return compile_data_alloc_with_arena(arena, size);
+}
+
+static inline void *
+compile_data_alloc2(rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t x, size_t y)
+{
+    size_t size = rb_size_mul_or_raise(x, y, rb_eRuntimeError);
+    return compile_data_alloc(iseq, size);
+}
+
+static inline void *
+compile_data_calloc2(rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t x, size_t y)
+{
+    size_t size = rb_size_mul_or_raise(x, y, rb_eRuntimeError);
+    void *p = compile_data_alloc(iseq, size);
+    memset(p, 0, size);
+    return p;
+}
+
 static INSN *
 compile_data_alloc_insn(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
-    return (INSN *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(INSN));
+    struct iseq_compile_data_storage ** arena = &ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->insn.storage_current;
+    return (INSN *)compile_data_alloc_with_arena(arena, sizeof(INSN));
 }
 
 static LABEL *
@@ -754,25 +1028,17 @@ compile_data_alloc_adjust(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
     return (ADJUST *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(ADJUST));
 }
 
-/*
- * elem1, elemX => elemX, elem2, elem1
- */
-static void
-INSERT_ELEM_PREV(LINK_ELEMENT *elem1, LINK_ELEMENT *elem2)
+static TRACE *
+compile_data_alloc_trace(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
-    elem2->prev = elem1->prev;
-    elem2->next = elem1;
-    elem1->prev = elem2;
-    if (elem2->prev) {
-	elem2->prev->next = elem2;
-    }
+    return (TRACE *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(TRACE));
 }
 
 /*
  * elem1, elemX => elem1, elem2, elemX
  */
 static void
-INSERT_ELEM_NEXT(LINK_ELEMENT *elem1, LINK_ELEMENT *elem2)
+ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(LINK_ELEMENT *elem1, LINK_ELEMENT *elem2)
 {
     elem2->next = elem1->next;
     elem2->prev = elem1;
@@ -783,10 +1049,24 @@ INSERT_ELEM_NEXT(LINK_ELEMENT *elem1, LINK_ELEMENT *elem2)
 }
 
 /*
+ * elem1, elemX => elemX, elem2, elem1
+ */
+static void
+ELEM_INSERT_PREV(LINK_ELEMENT *elem1, LINK_ELEMENT *elem2)
+{
+    elem2->prev = elem1->prev;
+    elem2->next = elem1;
+    elem1->prev = elem2;
+    if (elem2->prev) {
+	elem2->prev->next = elem2;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
  * elemX, elem1, elemY => elemX, elem2, elemY
  */
 static void
-REPLACE_ELEM(LINK_ELEMENT *elem1, LINK_ELEMENT *elem2)
+ELEM_REPLACE(LINK_ELEMENT *elem1, LINK_ELEMENT *elem2)
 {
     elem2->prev = elem1->prev;
     elem2->next = elem1->next;
@@ -799,7 +1079,7 @@ REPLACE_ELEM(LINK_ELEMENT *elem1, LINK_ELEMENT *elem2)
 }
 
 static void
-REMOVE_ELEM(LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
+ELEM_REMOVE(LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
 {
     elem->prev->next = elem->next;
     if (elem->next) {
@@ -808,19 +1088,19 @@ REMOVE_ELEM(LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
 }
 
 static LINK_ELEMENT *
-FIRST_ELEMENT(LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+FIRST_ELEMENT(const LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
     return anchor->anchor.next;
 }
 
 static LINK_ELEMENT *
-LAST_ELEMENT(LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+LAST_ELEMENT(LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
     return anchor->last;
 }
 
 static LINK_ELEMENT *
-POP_ELEMENT(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+POP_ELEMENT(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
     LINK_ELEMENT *elem = anchor->last;
     anchor->last = anchor->last->prev;
@@ -832,14 +1112,42 @@ POP_ELEMENT(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 #define POP_ELEMENT(anchor) POP_ELEMENT(iseq, (anchor))
 #endif
 
+static LINK_ELEMENT *
+ELEM_FIRST_INSN(LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
+{
+    while (elem) {
+	switch (elem->type) {
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN:
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST:
+	    return elem;
+	  default:
+	    elem = elem->next;
+	}
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
 static int
-LIST_SIZE_ZERO(LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+LIST_INSN_SIZE_ONE(const LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
-    if (anchor->anchor.next == 0) {
-	return 1;
+    LINK_ELEMENT *first_insn = ELEM_FIRST_INSN(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
+    if (first_insn != NULL &&
+	ELEM_FIRST_INSN(first_insn->next) == NULL) {
+	return TRUE;
     }
     else {
-	return 0;
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+LIST_INSN_SIZE_ZERO(const LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
+{
+    if (ELEM_FIRST_INSN(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor)) == NULL) {
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+    else {
+	return FALSE;
     }
 }
 
@@ -851,7 +1159,7 @@ LIST_SIZE_ZERO(LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
  * anc2: e4, e5 (broken)
  */
 static void
-APPEND_LIST(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anc1, LINK_ANCHOR *anc2)
+APPEND_LIST(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *const anc1, LINK_ANCHOR *const anc2)
 {
     if (anc2->anchor.next) {
 	anc1->last->next = anc2->anchor.next;
@@ -864,38 +1172,9 @@ APPEND_LIST(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anc1, LINK_ANCHOR *anc2)
 #define APPEND_LIST(anc1, anc2) APPEND_LIST(iseq, (anc1), (anc2))
 #endif
 
-/*
- * anc1: e1, e2, e3
- * anc2: e4, e5
- *#=>
- * anc1: e4, e5, e1, e2, e3
- * anc2: e4, e5 (broken)
- */
-static void
-INSERT_LIST(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anc1, LINK_ANCHOR *anc2)
-{
-    if (anc2->anchor.next) {
-	LINK_ELEMENT *first = anc1->anchor.next;
-	anc1->anchor.next = anc2->anchor.next;
-	anc1->anchor.next->prev = &anc1->anchor;
-	anc2->last->next = first;
-	if (first) {
-	    first->prev = anc2->last;
-	}
-	else {
-	    anc1->last = anc2->last;
-	}
-    }
-
-    verify_list("append", anc1);
-}
-#if CPDEBUG < 0
-#define INSERT_LIST(anc1, anc2) INSERT_LIST(iseq, (anc1), (anc2))
-#endif
-
 #if CPDEBUG && 0
 static void
-debug_list(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+debug_list(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor, LINK_ELEMENT *cur)
 {
     LINK_ELEMENT *list = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor);
     printf("----\n");
@@ -903,19 +1182,34 @@ debug_list(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 	   anchor->anchor.next, anchor->last);
     while (list) {
 	printf("curr: %p, next: %p, prev: %p, type: %d\n", list, list->next,
-	       list->prev, FIX2INT(list->type));
+	       list->prev, (int)list->type);
 	list = list->next;
     }
     printf("----\n");
 
-    dump_disasm_list(anchor->anchor.next);
+    dump_disasm_list_with_cursor(anchor->anchor.next, cur, 0);
     verify_list("debug list", anchor);
 }
 #if CPDEBUG < 0
-#define debug_list(anc) debug_list(iseq, (anc))
+#define debug_list(anc, cur) debug_list(iseq, (anc), (cur))
 #endif
+#else
+#define debug_list(anc, cur) ((void)0)
 #endif
 
+static TRACE *
+new_trace_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, rb_event_flag_t event, long data)
+{
+    TRACE *trace = compile_data_alloc_trace(iseq);
+
+    trace->link.type = ISEQ_ELEMENT_TRACE;
+    trace->link.next = NULL;
+    trace->event = event;
+    trace->data = data;
+
+    return trace;
+}
+
 static LABEL *
 new_label_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, long line)
 {
@@ -924,11 +1218,13 @@ new_label_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, long line)
     labelobj->link.type = ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL;
     labelobj->link.next = 0;
 
-    labelobj->label_no = iseq->compile_data->label_no++;
+    labelobj->label_no = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->label_no++;
     labelobj->sc_state = 0;
     labelobj->sp = -1;
+    labelobj->refcnt = 0;
     labelobj->set = 0;
     labelobj->rescued = LABEL_RESCUE_NONE;
+    labelobj->unremovable = 0;
     return labelobj;
 }
 
@@ -940,6 +1236,7 @@ new_adjust_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LABEL *label, int line)
     adjust->link.next = 0;
     adjust->label = label;
     adjust->line_no = line;
+    LABEL_UNREMOVABLE(label);
     return adjust;
 }
 
@@ -948,12 +1245,14 @@ new_insn_core(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line_no,
 	      int insn_id, int argc, VALUE *argv)
 {
     INSN *iobj = compile_data_alloc_insn(iseq);
+
     /* printf("insn_id: %d, line: %d\n", insn_id, line_no); */
 
     iobj->link.type = ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN;
     iobj->link.next = 0;
     iobj->insn_id = insn_id;
-    iobj->line_no = line_no;
+    iobj->insn_info.line_no = line_no;
+    iobj->insn_info.events = 0;
     iobj->operands = argv;
     iobj->operand_size = argc;
     iobj->sc_state = 0;
@@ -967,8 +1266,8 @@ new_insn_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line_no, enum ruby_vminsn_type insn_id, int a
     va_list argv;
     if (argc > 0) {
 	int i;
-	va_init_list(argv, argc);
-	operands = (VALUE *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(VALUE) * argc);
+        va_start(argv, argc);
+        operands = compile_data_alloc2(iseq, sizeof(VALUE), argc);
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 	    VALUE v = va_arg(argv, VALUE);
 	    operands[i] = v;
@@ -978,74 +1277,162 @@ new_insn_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line_no, enum ruby_vminsn_type insn_id, int a
     return new_insn_core(iseq, line_no, insn_id, argc, operands);
 }
 
-static rb_call_info_t *
-new_callinfo(rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID mid, int argc, VALUE block, unsigned int flag, rb_call_info_kw_arg_t *kw_arg)
+static const struct rb_callinfo *
+new_callinfo(rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID mid, int argc, unsigned int flag, struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *kw_arg, int has_blockiseq)
 {
-    rb_call_info_t *ci = (rb_call_info_t *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(rb_call_info_t));
+    VM_ASSERT(argc >= 0);
 
-    ci->mid = mid;
-    ci->flag = flag;
-    ci->orig_argc = argc;
-    ci->argc = argc;
-    ci->kw_arg = kw_arg;
-
-    if (kw_arg) {
-	ci->argc += kw_arg->keyword_len;
-	ci->orig_argc += kw_arg->keyword_len;
+    if (!(flag & (VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT | VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG | VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT)) &&
+        kw_arg == NULL && !has_blockiseq) {
+        flag |= VM_CALL_ARGS_SIMPLE;
     }
 
-    if (block) {
-	GetISeqPtr(block, ci->blockiseq);
-    }
-    else {
-	ci->blockiseq = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (!(ci->flag & (VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT | VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG)) &&
-	ci->blockiseq == NULL && ci->kw_arg == NULL) {
-	ci->flag |= VM_CALL_ARGS_SIMPLE;
+    if (kw_arg) {
+        flag |= VM_CALL_KWARG;
+        argc += kw_arg->keyword_len;
     }
 
-    ci->method_state = 0;
-    ci->class_serial = 0;
-    ci->blockptr = 0;
-    ci->recv = Qundef;
-    ci->call = 0; /* TODO: should set default function? */
-
-    ci->aux.index = iseq->callinfo_size++;
-
+    // fprintf(stderr, "[%d] id:%s\t", (int)iseq->body->ci_size, rb_id2name(mid)); rp(iseq);
+    iseq->body->ci_size++;
+    const struct rb_callinfo *ci = vm_ci_new(mid, flag, argc, kw_arg);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, ci);
     return ci;
 }
 
 static INSN *
-new_insn_send(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line_no, ID id, VALUE argc, VALUE block, VALUE flag, rb_call_info_kw_arg_t *keywords)
+new_insn_send(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line_no, ID id, VALUE argc, const rb_iseq_t *blockiseq, VALUE flag, struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *keywords)
 {
-    VALUE *operands = (VALUE *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(VALUE) * 1);
-    operands[0] = (VALUE)new_callinfo(iseq, id, FIX2INT(argc), block, FIX2INT(flag), keywords);
-    return new_insn_core(iseq, line_no, BIN(send), 1, operands);
+    VALUE *operands = compile_data_calloc2(iseq, sizeof(VALUE), 2);
+    VALUE ci = (VALUE)new_callinfo(iseq, id, FIX2INT(argc), FIX2INT(flag), keywords, blockiseq != NULL);
+    operands[0] = ci;
+    operands[1] = (VALUE)blockiseq;
+    if (blockiseq) {
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, blockiseq);
+    }
+    INSN *insn = new_insn_core(iseq, line_no, BIN(send), 2, operands);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, ci);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(ci);
+    return insn;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-new_child_iseq(rb_iseq_t *iseq, NODE *node,
-	       VALUE name, VALUE parent, enum iseq_type type, int line_no)
+static rb_iseq_t *
+new_child_iseq(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *const node,
+	       VALUE name, const rb_iseq_t *parent, enum iseq_type type, int line_no)
 {
-    VALUE ret;
+    rb_iseq_t *ret_iseq;
+    rb_ast_body_t ast;
+
+    ast.root = node;
+    ast.compile_option = 0;
+    ast.line_count = -1;
 
     debugs("[new_child_iseq]> ---------------------------------------\n");
-    ret = rb_iseq_new_with_opt(node, name,
-			       iseq_path(iseq->self), iseq_absolute_path(iseq->self),
-			       INT2FIX(line_no), parent, type, iseq->compile_data->option);
+    int isolated_depth = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->isolated_depth;
+    ret_iseq = rb_iseq_new_with_opt(&ast, name,
+				    rb_iseq_path(iseq), rb_iseq_realpath(iseq),
+                                    INT2FIX(line_no), parent,
+                                    isolated_depth ? isolated_depth + 1 : 0,
+                                    type, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option);
     debugs("[new_child_iseq]< ---------------------------------------\n");
-    iseq_add_mark_object(iseq, ret);
-    return ret;
+    return ret_iseq;
+}
+
+static rb_iseq_t *
+new_child_iseq_with_callback(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const struct rb_iseq_new_with_callback_callback_func *ifunc,
+		     VALUE name, const rb_iseq_t *parent, enum iseq_type type, int line_no)
+{
+    rb_iseq_t *ret_iseq;
+
+    debugs("[new_child_iseq_with_callback]> ---------------------------------------\n");
+    ret_iseq = rb_iseq_new_with_callback(ifunc, name,
+				 rb_iseq_path(iseq), rb_iseq_realpath(iseq),
+				 INT2FIX(line_no), parent, type, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option);
+    debugs("[new_child_iseq_with_callback]< ---------------------------------------\n");
+    return ret_iseq;
+}
+
+static void
+set_catch_except_p(struct rb_iseq_constant_body *body)
+{
+    body->catch_except_p = TRUE;
+    if (body->parent_iseq != NULL) {
+        set_catch_except_p(body->parent_iseq->body);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Set body->catch_except_p to TRUE if the ISeq may catch an exception. If it is FALSE,
+   JIT-ed code may be optimized.  If we are extremely conservative, we should set TRUE
+   if catch table exists.  But we want to optimize while loop, which always has catch
+   table entries for break/next/redo.
+
+   So this function sets TRUE for limited ISeqs with break/next/redo catch table entries
+   whose child ISeq would really raise an exception. */
+static void
+update_catch_except_flags(struct rb_iseq_constant_body *body)
+{
+    unsigned int pos;
+    size_t i;
+    int insn;
+    const struct iseq_catch_table *ct = body->catch_table;
+
+    /* This assumes that a block has parent_iseq which may catch an exception from the block, and that
+       BREAK/NEXT/REDO catch table entries are used only when `throw` insn is used in the block. */
+    pos = 0;
+    while (pos < body->iseq_size) {
+#if OPT_DIRECT_THREADED_CODE || OPT_CALL_THREADED_CODE
+        insn = rb_vm_insn_addr2insn((void *)body->iseq_encoded[pos]);
+#else
+        insn = (int)body->iseq_encoded[pos];
+#endif
+        if (insn == BIN(throw)) {
+            set_catch_except_p(body);
+            break;
+        }
+        pos += insn_len(insn);
+    }
+
+    if (ct == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < ct->size; i++) {
+        const struct iseq_catch_table_entry *entry =
+            UNALIGNED_MEMBER_PTR(ct, entries[i]);
+        if (entry->type != CATCH_TYPE_BREAK
+            && entry->type != CATCH_TYPE_NEXT
+            && entry->type != CATCH_TYPE_REDO) {
+            body->catch_except_p = TRUE;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+iseq_insert_nop_between_end_and_cont(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    VALUE catch_table_ary = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary;
+    if (NIL_P(catch_table_ary)) return;
+    unsigned int i, tlen = (unsigned int)RARRAY_LEN(catch_table_ary);
+    const VALUE *tptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(catch_table_ary);
+    for (i = 0; i < tlen; i++) {
+        const VALUE *ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(tptr[i]);
+        LINK_ELEMENT *end = (LINK_ELEMENT *)(ptr[2] & ~1);
+        LINK_ELEMENT *cont = (LINK_ELEMENT *)(ptr[4] & ~1);
+        LINK_ELEMENT *e;
+        for (e = end; e && (IS_LABEL(e) || IS_TRACE(e)); e = e->next) {
+            if (e == cont) {
+                INSN *nop = new_insn_core(iseq, 0, BIN(nop), 0, 0);
+                ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(end, &nop->link);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 static int
-iseq_setup(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+iseq_setup_insn(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
-    if (!NIL_P(iseq->compile_data->err_info)) {
+    if (RTEST(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->err_info))
 	return COMPILE_NG;
-    }
 
     /* debugs("[compile step 2] (iseq_array_to_linkedlist)\n"); */
 
@@ -1058,198 +1445,403 @@ iseq_setup(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
     if (compile_debug > 5)
 	dump_disasm_list(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
 
-    if (iseq->compile_data->option->instructions_unification) {
+    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->instructions_unification) {
 	debugs("[compile step 3.2 (iseq_insns_unification)]\n");
 	iseq_insns_unification(iseq, anchor);
 	if (compile_debug > 5)
 	    dump_disasm_list(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
     }
 
-    if (iseq->compile_data->option->stack_caching) {
+    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->stack_caching) {
 	debugs("[compile step 3.3 (iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching)]\n");
 	iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(iseq, anchor);
 	if (compile_debug > 5)
 	    dump_disasm_list(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
     }
 
+    debugs("[compile step 3.4 (iseq_insert_nop_between_end_and_cont)]\n");
+    iseq_insert_nop_between_end_and_cont(iseq);
+    if (compile_debug > 5)
+        dump_disasm_list(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
+
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+iseq_setup(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
+{
+    if (RTEST(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->err_info))
+        return COMPILE_NG;
+
     debugs("[compile step 4.1 (iseq_set_sequence)]\n");
-    iseq_set_sequence(iseq, anchor);
+    if (!iseq_set_sequence(iseq, anchor)) return COMPILE_NG;
     if (compile_debug > 5)
 	dump_disasm_list(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
 
     debugs("[compile step 4.2 (iseq_set_exception_table)]\n");
-    iseq_set_exception_table(iseq);
+    if (!iseq_set_exception_table(iseq)) return COMPILE_NG;
 
     debugs("[compile step 4.3 (set_optargs_table)] \n");
-    iseq_set_optargs_table(iseq);
+    if (!iseq_set_optargs_table(iseq)) return COMPILE_NG;
 
     debugs("[compile step 5 (iseq_translate_threaded_code)] \n");
-    rb_iseq_translate_threaded_code(iseq);
+    if (!rb_iseq_translate_threaded_code(iseq)) return COMPILE_NG;
+
+    debugs("[compile step 6 (update_catch_except_flags)] \n");
+    update_catch_except_flags(iseq->body);
+
+#if VM_INSN_INFO_TABLE_IMPL == 2
+    if (iseq->body->insns_info.succ_index_table == NULL) {
+        debugs("[compile step 7 (rb_iseq_insns_info_encode_positions)] \n");
+        rb_iseq_insns_info_encode_positions(iseq);
+    }
+#endif
 
     if (compile_debug > 1) {
-	VALUE str = rb_iseq_disasm(iseq->self);
+	VALUE str = rb_iseq_disasm(iseq);
 	printf("%s\n", StringValueCStr(str));
-	fflush(stdout);
     }
+    verify_call_cache(iseq);
     debugs("[compile step: finish]\n");
 
-    return 0;
+    return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
 static int
 iseq_set_exception_local_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
-    ID id_dollar_bang;
-
-    CONST_ID(id_dollar_bang, "#$!");
-    iseq->local_table = (ID *)ALLOC_N(ID, 1);
-    iseq->local_table_size = 1;
-    iseq->local_size = iseq->local_table_size + 1;
-    iseq->local_table[0] = id_dollar_bang;
+    iseq->body->local_table_size = numberof(rb_iseq_shared_exc_local_tbl);
+    iseq->body->local_table = rb_iseq_shared_exc_local_tbl;
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
 static int
-get_lvar_level(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+get_lvar_level(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
     int lev = 0;
-    while (iseq != iseq->local_iseq) {
+    while (iseq != iseq->body->local_iseq) {
 	lev++;
-	iseq = iseq->parent_iseq;
+	iseq = iseq->body->parent_iseq;
     }
     return lev;
 }
 
 static int
-get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID id)
+get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID id)
 {
-    int i;
+    unsigned int i;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < iseq->local_table_size; i++) {
-	if (iseq->local_table[i] == id) {
-	    return i;
+    for (i = 0; i < iseq->body->local_table_size; i++) {
+	if (iseq->body->local_table[i] == id) {
+	    return (int)i;
 	}
     }
     return -1;
 }
 
 static int
-get_local_var_idx(rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID id)
+get_local_var_idx(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID id)
 {
-    int idx = get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(iseq->local_iseq, id);
+    int idx = get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(iseq->body->local_iseq, id);
 
     if (idx < 0) {
-	rb_bug("get_local_var_idx: %d", idx);
+        COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, ISEQ_LAST_LINE(iseq),
+                      "get_local_var_idx: %d", idx);
     }
 
     return idx;
 }
 
 static int
-get_dyna_var_idx(rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID id, int *level, int *ls)
+get_dyna_var_idx(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID id, int *level, int *ls)
 {
     int lv = 0, idx = -1;
+    const rb_iseq_t *const topmost_iseq = iseq;
 
     while (iseq) {
 	idx = get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(iseq, id);
 	if (idx >= 0) {
 	    break;
 	}
-	iseq = iseq->parent_iseq;
+	iseq = iseq->body->parent_iseq;
 	lv++;
     }
 
     if (idx < 0) {
-	rb_bug("get_dyna_var_idx: -1");
+        COMPILE_ERROR(topmost_iseq, ISEQ_LAST_LINE(topmost_iseq),
+                      "get_dyna_var_idx: -1");
     }
 
     *level = lv;
-    *ls = iseq->local_size;
+    *ls = iseq->body->local_table_size;
     return idx;
 }
 
+static int
+iseq_local_block_param_p(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, unsigned int idx, unsigned int level)
+{
+    const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *body;
+    while (level > 0) {
+	iseq = iseq->body->parent_iseq;
+	level--;
+    }
+    body = iseq->body;
+    if (body->local_iseq == iseq && /* local variables */
+	body->param.flags.has_block &&
+	body->local_table_size - body->param.block_start == idx) {
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+    else {
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+iseq_block_param_id_p(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID id, int *pidx, int *plevel)
+{
+    int level, ls;
+    int idx = get_dyna_var_idx(iseq, id, &level, &ls);
+    if (iseq_local_block_param_p(iseq, ls - idx, level)) {
+	*pidx = ls - idx;
+	*plevel = level;
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+    else {
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+access_outer_variables(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, int level, ID id, bool write)
+{
+    int isolated_depth = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->isolated_depth;
+
+    if (isolated_depth && level >= isolated_depth) {
+        if (id == rb_intern("yield")) {
+            COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, ISEQ_LAST_LINE(iseq), "can not yield from isolated Proc", rb_id2name(id));
+        }
+        else {
+            COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, ISEQ_LAST_LINE(iseq), "can not access variable `%s' from isolated Proc", rb_id2name(id));
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (int i=0; i<level; i++) {
+        VALUE val;
+        struct rb_id_table *ovs = iseq->body->outer_variables;
+
+        if (!ovs) {
+            ovs = iseq->body->outer_variables = rb_id_table_create(8);
+        }
+
+        if (rb_id_table_lookup(iseq->body->outer_variables, id, &val)) {
+            if (write && !val) {
+                rb_id_table_insert(iseq->body->outer_variables, id, Qtrue);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            rb_id_table_insert(iseq->body->outer_variables, id, write ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+        }
+
+        iseq = iseq->body->parent_iseq;
+    }
+}
+
+static ID
+iseq_lvar_id(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, int idx, int level)
+{
+    for (int i=0; i<level; i++) {
+        iseq = iseq->body->parent_iseq;
+    }
+
+    ID id = iseq->body->local_table[iseq->body->local_table_size - idx];
+    // fprintf(stderr, "idx:%d level:%d ID:%s\n", idx, level, rb_id2name(id));
+    return id;
+}
+
+static void
+iseq_add_getlocal(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const seq, int line, int idx, int level)
+{
+    if (iseq_local_block_param_p(iseq, idx, level)) {
+	ADD_INSN2(seq, line, getblockparam, INT2FIX((idx) + VM_ENV_DATA_SIZE - 1), INT2FIX(level));
+    }
+    else {
+	ADD_INSN2(seq, line, getlocal, INT2FIX((idx) + VM_ENV_DATA_SIZE - 1), INT2FIX(level));
+    }
+    if (level > 0) access_outer_variables(iseq, level, iseq_lvar_id(iseq, idx, level), Qfalse);
+}
+
+static void
+iseq_add_setlocal(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const seq, int line, int idx, int level)
+{
+    if (iseq_local_block_param_p(iseq, idx, level)) {
+	ADD_INSN2(seq, line, setblockparam, INT2FIX((idx) + VM_ENV_DATA_SIZE - 1), INT2FIX(level));
+    }
+    else {
+	ADD_INSN2(seq, line, setlocal, INT2FIX((idx) + VM_ENV_DATA_SIZE - 1), INT2FIX(level));
+    }
+    if (level > 0) access_outer_variables(iseq, level, iseq_lvar_id(iseq, idx, level), Qtrue);
+}
+
+
+
 static void
 iseq_calc_param_size(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
-    if (iseq->param.flags.has_opt ||
-	iseq->param.flags.has_post ||
-	iseq->param.flags.has_rest ||
-	iseq->param.flags.has_block ||
-	iseq->param.flags.has_kw ||
-	iseq->param.flags.has_kwrest) {
+    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+    if (body->param.flags.has_opt ||
+	body->param.flags.has_post ||
+	body->param.flags.has_rest ||
+	body->param.flags.has_block ||
+	body->param.flags.has_kw ||
+	body->param.flags.has_kwrest) {
 
-	if (iseq->param.flags.has_block) {
-	    iseq->param.size = iseq->param.block_start + 1;
+	if (body->param.flags.has_block) {
+	    body->param.size = body->param.block_start + 1;
 	}
-	else if (iseq->param.flags.has_kwrest) {
-	    iseq->param.size = iseq->param.keyword->rest_start + 1;
+	else if (body->param.flags.has_kwrest) {
+	    body->param.size = body->param.keyword->rest_start + 1;
 	}
-	else if (iseq->param.flags.has_kw) {
-	    iseq->param.size = iseq->param.keyword->bits_start + 1;
+	else if (body->param.flags.has_kw) {
+	    body->param.size = body->param.keyword->bits_start + 1;
 	}
-	else if (iseq->param.flags.has_post) {
-	    iseq->param.size = iseq->param.post_start + iseq->param.post_num;
+	else if (body->param.flags.has_post) {
+	    body->param.size = body->param.post_start + body->param.post_num;
 	}
-	else if (iseq->param.flags.has_rest) {
-	    iseq->param.size = iseq->param.rest_start + 1;
+	else if (body->param.flags.has_rest) {
+	    body->param.size = body->param.rest_start + 1;
 	}
-	else if (iseq->param.flags.has_opt) {
-	    iseq->param.size = iseq->param.lead_num + iseq->param.opt_num;
+	else if (body->param.flags.has_opt) {
+	    body->param.size = body->param.lead_num + body->param.opt_num;
 	}
 	else {
-	    rb_bug("unreachable");
+            UNREACHABLE;
 	}
     }
     else {
-	iseq->param.size = iseq->param.lead_num;
+	body->param.size = body->param.lead_num;
     }
 }
 
 static int
-iseq_set_arguments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *optargs, NODE *node_args)
+iseq_set_arguments_keywords(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const optargs,
+			    const struct rb_args_info *args, int arg_size)
+{
+    const NODE *node = args->kw_args;
+    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+    struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *keyword;
+    const VALUE default_values = rb_ary_tmp_new(1);
+    const VALUE complex_mark = rb_str_tmp_new(0);
+    int kw = 0, rkw = 0, di = 0, i;
+
+    body->param.flags.has_kw = TRUE;
+    body->param.keyword = keyword = ZALLOC_N(struct rb_iseq_param_keyword, 1);
+
+    while (node) {
+	kw++;
+	node = node->nd_next;
+    }
+    arg_size += kw;
+    keyword->bits_start = arg_size++;
+
+    node = args->kw_args;
+    while (node) {
+	const NODE *val_node = node->nd_body->nd_value;
+	VALUE dv;
+
+        if (val_node == NODE_SPECIAL_REQUIRED_KEYWORD) {
+	    ++rkw;
+	}
+	else {
+	    switch (nd_type(val_node)) {
+	      case NODE_LIT:
+		dv = val_node->nd_lit;
+		break;
+	      case NODE_NIL:
+		dv = Qnil;
+		break;
+	      case NODE_TRUE:
+		dv = Qtrue;
+		break;
+	      case NODE_FALSE:
+		dv = Qfalse;
+		break;
+	      default:
+                NO_CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(optargs, "kwarg", node)); /* nd_type(node) == NODE_KW_ARG */
+		dv = complex_mark;
+	    }
+
+	    keyword->num = ++di;
+	    rb_ary_push(default_values, dv);
+	}
+
+	node = node->nd_next;
+    }
+
+    keyword->num = kw;
+
+    if (args->kw_rest_arg->nd_vid != 0) {
+	keyword->rest_start = arg_size++;
+	body->param.flags.has_kwrest = TRUE;
+    }
+    keyword->required_num = rkw;
+    keyword->table = &body->local_table[keyword->bits_start - keyword->num];
+
+    {
+	VALUE *dvs = ALLOC_N(VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(default_values));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(default_values); i++) {
+	    VALUE dv = RARRAY_AREF(default_values, i);
+	    if (dv == complex_mark) dv = Qundef;
+	    if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(dv)) {
+		RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, dv);
+	    }
+	    dvs[i] = dv;
+	}
+
+	keyword->default_values = dvs;
+    }
+    return arg_size;
+}
+
+static int
+iseq_set_arguments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const optargs, const NODE *const node_args)
 {
     debugs("iseq_set_arguments: %s\n", node_args ? "" : "0");
 
     if (node_args) {
+	struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
 	struct rb_args_info *args = node_args->nd_ainfo;
 	ID rest_id = 0;
 	int last_comma = 0;
 	ID block_id = 0;
+	int arg_size;
 
-	if (nd_type(node_args) != NODE_ARGS) {
-	    rb_bug("iseq_set_arguments: NODE_ARGS is expected, but %s",
-		   ruby_node_name(nd_type(node_args)));
-	}
-
+	EXPECT_NODE("iseq_set_arguments", node_args, NODE_ARGS, COMPILE_NG);
 
-	iseq->param.lead_num = (int)args->pre_args_num;
-	if (iseq->param.lead_num > 0) iseq->param.flags.has_lead = TRUE;
-	debugs("  - argc: %d\n", iseq->param.lead_num);
+        body->param.flags.ruby2_keywords = args->ruby2_keywords;
+	body->param.lead_num = arg_size = (int)args->pre_args_num;
+	if (body->param.lead_num > 0) body->param.flags.has_lead = TRUE;
+	debugs("  - argc: %d\n", body->param.lead_num);
 
 	rest_id = args->rest_arg;
-	if (rest_id == 1) {
+        if (rest_id == NODE_SPECIAL_EXCESSIVE_COMMA) {
 	    last_comma = 1;
 	    rest_id = 0;
 	}
 	block_id = args->block_arg;
 
-	if (args->first_post_arg) {
-	    iseq->param.post_start = get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(iseq, args->first_post_arg);
-	    iseq->param.post_num = args->post_args_num;
-	    iseq->param.flags.has_post = TRUE;
-	}
-
 	if (args->opt_args) {
-	    NODE *node = args->opt_args;
+	    const NODE *node = args->opt_args;
 	    LABEL *label;
 	    VALUE labels = rb_ary_tmp_new(1);
+	    VALUE *opt_table;
 	    int i = 0, j;
 
 	    while (node) {
 		label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
 		rb_ary_push(labels, (VALUE)label | 1);
 		ADD_LABEL(optargs, label);
-		COMPILE_POPED(optargs, "optarg", node->nd_body);
+                NO_CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(optargs, "optarg", node->nd_body));
 		node = node->nd_next;
 		i += 1;
 	    }
@@ -1259,118 +1851,75 @@ iseq_set_arguments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *optargs, NODE *node_args)
 	    rb_ary_push(labels, (VALUE)label | 1);
 	    ADD_LABEL(optargs, label);
 
-	    iseq->param.opt_num = i;
-	    iseq->param.opt_table = ALLOC_N(VALUE, i+1);
-	    MEMCPY(iseq->param.opt_table, RARRAY_CONST_PTR(labels), VALUE, i+1);
+	    opt_table = ALLOC_N(VALUE, i+1);
+
+            MEMCPY(opt_table, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(labels), VALUE, i+1);
 	    for (j = 0; j < i+1; j++) {
-		iseq->param.opt_table[j] &= ~1;
+		opt_table[j] &= ~1;
 	    }
 	    rb_ary_clear(labels);
 
-	    iseq->param.flags.has_opt = TRUE;
+	    body->param.flags.has_opt = TRUE;
+	    body->param.opt_num = i;
+	    body->param.opt_table = opt_table;
+	    arg_size += i;
 	}
 
-	if (args->kw_args) {
-	    NODE *node = args->kw_args;
-	    const VALUE default_values = rb_ary_tmp_new(1);
-	    const VALUE complex_mark = rb_str_tmp_new(0);
-	    int kw = 0, rkw = 0, di = 0, i;
-
-	    iseq->param.flags.has_kw = TRUE;
-	    iseq->param.keyword = ZALLOC_N(struct rb_iseq_param_keyword, 1);
-	    iseq->param.keyword->bits_start = get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(iseq, args->kw_rest_arg->nd_vid);
-
-	    while (node) {
-		NODE *val_node = node->nd_body->nd_value;
-		VALUE dv;
-
-		if (val_node == (NODE *)-1) {
-		    ++rkw;
-		}
-		else {
-		    switch (nd_type(val_node)) {
-		      case NODE_LIT:
-			dv = val_node->nd_lit;
-			iseq_add_mark_object(iseq, dv);
-			break;
-		      case NODE_NIL:
-			dv = Qnil;
-			break;
-		      case NODE_TRUE:
-			dv = Qtrue;
-			break;
-		      case NODE_FALSE:
-			dv = Qfalse;
-			break;
-		      default:
-			COMPILE_POPED(optargs, "kwarg", node); /* nd_type(node) == NODE_KW_ARG */
-			dv = complex_mark;
-		    }
-
-		    iseq->param.keyword->num = ++di;
-		    rb_ary_push(default_values, dv);
-		}
-
-		kw++;
-		node = node->nd_next;
-	    }
+	if (rest_id) {
+	    body->param.rest_start = arg_size++;
+	    body->param.flags.has_rest = TRUE;
+	    assert(body->param.rest_start != -1);
+	}
 
-	    iseq->param.keyword->num = kw;
+	if (args->first_post_arg) {
+	    body->param.post_start = arg_size;
+	    body->param.post_num = args->post_args_num;
+	    body->param.flags.has_post = TRUE;
+	    arg_size += args->post_args_num;
 
-	    if (args->kw_rest_arg->nd_cflag != 0) {
-		iseq->param.keyword->rest_start =  get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(iseq, args->kw_rest_arg->nd_cflag);
-		iseq->param.flags.has_kwrest = TRUE;
+	    if (body->param.flags.has_rest) { /* TODO: why that? */
+		body->param.post_start = body->param.rest_start + 1;
 	    }
-	    iseq->param.keyword->required_num = rkw;
-	    iseq->param.keyword->table = &iseq->local_table[iseq->param.keyword->bits_start - iseq->param.keyword->num];
-	    iseq->param.keyword->default_values = ALLOC_N(VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(default_values));
+	}
 
-	    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(default_values); i++) {
-		VALUE dv = RARRAY_AREF(default_values, i);
-		if (dv == complex_mark) dv = Qundef;
-		iseq->param.keyword->default_values[i] = dv;
-	    }
+	if (args->kw_args) {
+	    arg_size = iseq_set_arguments_keywords(iseq, optargs, args, arg_size);
 	}
 	else if (args->kw_rest_arg) {
-	    iseq->param.flags.has_kwrest = TRUE;
-	    iseq->param.keyword = ZALLOC_N(struct rb_iseq_param_keyword, 1);
-	    iseq->param.keyword->rest_start = get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(iseq, args->kw_rest_arg->nd_vid);
+	    struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *keyword = ZALLOC_N(struct rb_iseq_param_keyword, 1);
+	    keyword->rest_start = arg_size++;
+	    body->param.keyword = keyword;
+	    body->param.flags.has_kwrest = TRUE;
 	}
-
-	if (args->pre_init) { /* m_init */
-	    COMPILE_POPED(optargs, "init arguments (m)", args->pre_init);
-	}
-	if (args->post_init) { /* p_init */
-	    COMPILE_POPED(optargs, "init arguments (p)", args->post_init);
-	}
-
-	if (rest_id) {
-	    iseq->param.rest_start = get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(iseq, rest_id);
-	    iseq->param.flags.has_rest = TRUE;
-	    assert(iseq->param.rest_start != -1);
-
-	    if (iseq->param.post_start == 0) { /* TODO: why that? */
-		iseq->param.post_start = iseq->param.rest_start + 1;
-	    }
+	else if (args->no_kwarg) {
+	    body->param.flags.accepts_no_kwarg = TRUE;
 	}
 
 	if (block_id) {
-	    iseq->param.block_start = get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(iseq, block_id);
-	    iseq->param.flags.has_block = TRUE;
+	    body->param.block_start = arg_size++;
+	    body->param.flags.has_block = TRUE;
 	}
 
 	iseq_calc_param_size(iseq);
+	body->param.size = arg_size;
 
-	if (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
-	    if (iseq->param.flags.has_opt    == FALSE &&
-		iseq->param.flags.has_post   == FALSE &&
-		iseq->param.flags.has_rest   == FALSE &&
-		iseq->param.flags.has_kw     == FALSE &&
-		iseq->param.flags.has_kwrest == FALSE) {
+	if (args->pre_init) { /* m_init */
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(optargs, "init arguments (m)", args->pre_init));
+	}
+	if (args->post_init) { /* p_init */
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(optargs, "init arguments (p)", args->post_init));
+	}
 
-		if (iseq->param.lead_num == 1 && last_comma == 0) {
+	if (body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
+	    if (body->param.flags.has_opt    == FALSE &&
+		body->param.flags.has_post   == FALSE &&
+		body->param.flags.has_rest   == FALSE &&
+		body->param.flags.has_kw     == FALSE &&
+		body->param.flags.has_kwrest == FALSE) {
+
+		if (body->param.lead_num == 1 && last_comma == 0) {
 		    /* {|a|} */
-		    iseq->param.flags.ambiguous_param0 = TRUE;
+		    body->param.flags.ambiguous_param0 = TRUE;
 		}
 	    }
 	}
@@ -1382,10 +1931,10 @@ iseq_set_arguments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *optargs, NODE *node_args)
 static int
 iseq_set_local_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const ID *tbl)
 {
-    int size;
+    unsigned int size;
 
     if (tbl) {
-	size = (int)*tbl;
+	size = (unsigned int)*tbl;
 	tbl++;
     }
     else {
@@ -1393,48 +1942,84 @@ iseq_set_local_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const ID *tbl)
     }
 
     if (size > 0) {
-	iseq->local_table = (ID *)ALLOC_N(ID, size);
-	MEMCPY(iseq->local_table, tbl, ID, size);
+	ID *ids = (ID *)ALLOC_N(ID, size);
+	MEMCPY(ids, tbl, ID, size);
+	iseq->body->local_table = ids;
     }
+    iseq->body->local_table_size = size;
 
-    iseq->local_size = iseq->local_table_size = size;
-    iseq->local_size += 1;
-    /*
-      if (lfp == dfp ) { // top, class, method
-	  dfp[-1]: svar
-      else {             // block
-          dfp[-1]: cref
-      }
-     */
-
-    debugs("iseq_set_local_table: %d, %d\n", iseq->local_size, iseq->local_table_size);
+    debugs("iseq_set_local_table: %u\n", iseq->body->local_table_size);
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
 static int
 cdhash_cmp(VALUE val, VALUE lit)
 {
-    if (val == lit) return 0;
-    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(lit)) {
-	return val != lit;
+    int tval, tlit;
+
+    if (val == lit) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else if ((tlit = OBJ_BUILTIN_TYPE(lit)) == -1) {
+        return val != lit;
+    }
+    else if ((tval = OBJ_BUILTIN_TYPE(val)) == -1) {
+        return -1;
     }
-    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(val) || BUILTIN_TYPE(val) != BUILTIN_TYPE(lit)) {
-	return -1;
+    else if (tlit != tval) {
+        return -1;
     }
-    if (BUILTIN_TYPE(lit) == T_STRING) {
-	return rb_str_hash_cmp(lit, val);
+    else if (tlit == T_SYMBOL) {
+        return val != lit;
+    }
+    else if (tlit == T_STRING) {
+        return rb_str_hash_cmp(lit, val);
+    }
+    else if (tlit == T_BIGNUM) {
+        long x = FIX2LONG(rb_big_cmp(lit, val));
+
+        /* Given lit and val are both Bignum, x must be -1, 0, 1.
+         * There is no need to call rb_fix2int here. */
+        RUBY_ASSERT((x == 1) || (x == 0) || (x == -1));
+        return (int)x;
+    }
+    else if (tlit == T_FLOAT) {
+        return rb_float_cmp(lit, val);
+    }
+    else if (tlit == T_RATIONAL) {
+        const struct RRational *rat1 = RRATIONAL(val);
+        const struct RRational *rat2 = RRATIONAL(lit);
+        return cdhash_cmp(rat1->num, rat2->num) || cdhash_cmp(rat1->den, rat2->den);
+    }
+    else if (tlit == T_COMPLEX) {
+        const struct RComplex *comp1 = RCOMPLEX(val);
+        const struct RComplex *comp2 = RCOMPLEX(lit);
+        return cdhash_cmp(comp1->real, comp2->real) || cdhash_cmp(comp1->imag, comp2->imag);
+    }
+    else {
+        UNREACHABLE_RETURN(-1);
     }
-    return !rb_eql(lit, val);
 }
 
 static st_index_t
 cdhash_hash(VALUE a)
 {
-    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(a)) return (st_index_t)a;
-    if (RB_TYPE_P(a, T_STRING)) return rb_str_hash(a);
-    {
-	VALUE hval = rb_hash(a);
-	return (st_index_t)FIX2LONG(hval);
+    switch (OBJ_BUILTIN_TYPE(a)) {
+      case -1:
+      case T_SYMBOL:
+        return (st_index_t)a;
+      case T_STRING:
+        return rb_str_hash(a);
+      case T_BIGNUM:
+        return FIX2LONG(rb_big_hash(a));
+      case T_FLOAT:
+        return rb_dbl_long_hash(RFLOAT_VALUE(a));
+      case T_RATIONAL:
+        return rb_rational_hash(a);
+      case T_COMPLEX:
+        return rb_complex_hash(a);
+      default:
+        UNREACHABLE_RETURN(0);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1450,7 +2035,7 @@ struct cdhash_set_label_struct {
 };
 
 static int
-cdhash_set_label_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, void *ptr)
+cdhash_set_label_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE ptr)
 {
     struct cdhash_set_label_struct *data = (struct cdhash_set_label_struct *)ptr;
     LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)(val & ~1);
@@ -1458,74 +2043,279 @@ cdhash_set_label_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, void *ptr)
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
+
+static inline VALUE
+get_ivar_ic_value(rb_iseq_t *iseq,ID id)
+{
+    VALUE val;
+    struct rb_id_table *tbl = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ivar_cache_table;
+    if (tbl) {
+	if (rb_id_table_lookup(tbl,id,&val)) {
+	    return val;
+	}
+    }
+    else {
+	tbl = rb_id_table_create(1);
+	ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ivar_cache_table = tbl;
+    }
+    val = INT2FIX(iseq->body->is_size++);
+    rb_id_table_insert(tbl,id,val);
+    return val;
+}
+
+#define BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, list, dest) \
+    dump_disasm_list_with_cursor(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor), list, dest)
+
+#define BADINSN_ERROR \
+    (xfree(generated_iseq), \
+     xfree(insns_info), \
+     BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, list, NULL), \
+     COMPILE_ERROR)
+
+static int
+fix_sp_depth(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
+{
+    int stack_max = 0, sp = 0, line = 0;
+    LINK_ELEMENT *list;
+
+    for (list = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor); list; list = list->next) {
+	if (list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL) {
+	    LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)list;
+	    lobj->set = TRUE;
+	}
+    }
+
+    for (list = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor); list; list = list->next) {
+	switch (list->type) {
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN:
+	    {
+		int j, len, insn;
+		const char *types;
+		VALUE *operands;
+		INSN *iobj = (INSN *)list;
+
+		/* update sp */
+		sp = calc_sp_depth(sp, iobj);
+		if (sp < 0) {
+		    BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, list, NULL);
+		    COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, iobj->insn_info.line_no,
+				  "argument stack underflow (%d)", sp);
+		    return -1;
+		}
+		if (sp > stack_max) {
+		    stack_max = sp;
+		}
+
+		line = iobj->insn_info.line_no;
+		/* fprintf(stderr, "insn: %-16s, sp: %d\n", insn_name(iobj->insn_id), sp); */
+		operands = iobj->operands;
+		insn = iobj->insn_id;
+		types = insn_op_types(insn);
+		len = insn_len(insn);
+
+		/* operand check */
+		if (iobj->operand_size != len - 1) {
+		    /* printf("operand size miss! (%d, %d)\n", iobj->operand_size, len); */
+		    BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, list, NULL);
+		    COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, iobj->insn_info.line_no,
+				  "operand size miss! (%d for %d)",
+				  iobj->operand_size, len - 1);
+		    return -1;
+		}
+
+		for (j = 0; types[j]; j++) {
+		    if (types[j] == TS_OFFSET) {
+			/* label(destination position) */
+			LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)operands[j];
+			if (!lobj->set) {
+			    BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, list, NULL);
+			    COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, iobj->insn_info.line_no,
+					  "unknown label: "LABEL_FORMAT, lobj->label_no);
+			    return -1;
+			}
+			if (lobj->sp == -1) {
+			    lobj->sp = sp;
+                        } else if (lobj->sp != sp) {
+                            debugs("%s:%d: sp inconsistency found but ignored (" LABEL_FORMAT " sp: %d, calculated sp: %d)\n",
+                                   RSTRING_PTR(rb_iseq_path(iseq)), line,
+                                   lobj->label_no, lobj->sp, sp);
+                        }
+		    }
+		}
+		break;
+	    }
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL:
+	    {
+		LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)list;
+		if (lobj->sp == -1) {
+		    lobj->sp = sp;
+		}
+		else {
+                    if (lobj->sp != sp) {
+                        debugs("%s:%d: sp inconsistency found but ignored (" LABEL_FORMAT " sp: %d, calculated sp: %d)\n",
+                                RSTRING_PTR(rb_iseq_path(iseq)), line,
+                                lobj->label_no, lobj->sp, sp);
+                    }
+		    sp = lobj->sp;
+		}
+		break;
+	    }
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_TRACE:
+	    {
+		/* ignore */
+		break;
+	    }
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST:
+	    {
+		ADJUST *adjust = (ADJUST *)list;
+		int orig_sp = sp;
+
+		sp = adjust->label ? adjust->label->sp : 0;
+		if (adjust->line_no != -1 && orig_sp - sp < 0) {
+		    BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, list, NULL);
+		    COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, adjust->line_no,
+				  "iseq_set_sequence: adjust bug %d < %d",
+				  orig_sp, sp);
+		    return -1;
+		}
+		break;
+	    }
+	  default:
+	    BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, list, NULL);
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, line, "unknown list type: %d", list->type);
+	    return -1;
+	}
+    }
+    return stack_max;
+}
+
+static int
+add_insn_info(struct iseq_insn_info_entry *insns_info, unsigned int *positions,
+              int insns_info_index, int code_index, const INSN *iobj)
+{
+    if (insns_info_index == 0 ||
+        insns_info[insns_info_index-1].line_no != iobj->insn_info.line_no ||
+        insns_info[insns_info_index-1].events  != iobj->insn_info.events) {
+        insns_info[insns_info_index].line_no    = iobj->insn_info.line_no;
+        insns_info[insns_info_index].events     = iobj->insn_info.events;
+        positions[insns_info_index]             = code_index;
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+static int
+add_adjust_info(struct iseq_insn_info_entry *insns_info, unsigned int *positions,
+                int insns_info_index, int code_index, const ADJUST *adjust)
+{
+    if (insns_info_index > 0 ||
+        insns_info[insns_info_index-1].line_no != adjust->line_no) {
+        insns_info[insns_info_index].line_no    = adjust->line_no;
+        insns_info[insns_info_index].events     = 0;
+        positions[insns_info_index]             = code_index;
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
 /**
   ruby insn object list -> raw instruction sequence
  */
 static int
-iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
-    LABEL *lobj;
-    INSN *iobj;
-    struct iseq_line_info_entry *line_info_table;
-    unsigned int last_line = 0;
+    VALUE iseqv = (VALUE)iseq;
+    struct iseq_insn_info_entry *insns_info;
+    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+    unsigned int *positions;
     LINK_ELEMENT *list;
     VALUE *generated_iseq;
+    rb_event_flag_t events = 0;
+    long data = 0;
 
-    int k, pos, sp, stack_max = 0, line = 0;
+    int insn_num, code_index, insns_info_index, sp = 0;
+    int stack_max = fix_sp_depth(iseq, anchor);
 
-    /* set label position */
-    list = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor);
-    k = pos = 0;
-    while (list) {
+    if (stack_max < 0) return COMPILE_NG;
+
+    /* fix label position */
+    insn_num = code_index = 0;
+    for (list = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor); list; list = list->next) {
 	switch (list->type) {
 	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN:
 	    {
-		iobj = (INSN *)list;
-		line = iobj->line_no;
-		pos += insn_data_length(iobj);
-		k++;
+		INSN *iobj = (INSN *)list;
+		/* update sp */
+		sp = calc_sp_depth(sp, iobj);
+		insn_num++;
+                events = iobj->insn_info.events |= events;
+                if (ISEQ_COVERAGE(iseq)) {
+                    if (ISEQ_LINE_COVERAGE(iseq) && (events & RUBY_EVENT_COVERAGE_LINE) &&
+                        !(rb_get_coverage_mode() & COVERAGE_TARGET_ONESHOT_LINES)) {
+                        int line = iobj->insn_info.line_no;
+                        if (line >= 1) {
+                            RARRAY_ASET(ISEQ_LINE_COVERAGE(iseq), line - 1, INT2FIX(0));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (ISEQ_BRANCH_COVERAGE(iseq) && (events & RUBY_EVENT_COVERAGE_BRANCH)) {
+                        while (RARRAY_LEN(ISEQ_PC2BRANCHINDEX(iseq)) <= code_index) {
+                            rb_ary_push(ISEQ_PC2BRANCHINDEX(iseq), Qnil);
+                        }
+                        RARRAY_ASET(ISEQ_PC2BRANCHINDEX(iseq), code_index, INT2FIX(data));
+                    }
+		}
+                code_index += insn_data_length(iobj);
+		events = 0;
+                data = 0;
 		break;
 	    }
 	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL:
 	    {
-		lobj = (LABEL *)list;
-		lobj->position = pos;
-		lobj->set = TRUE;
+		LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)list;
+		lobj->position = code_index;
+                if (lobj->sp != sp) {
+                    debugs("%s: sp inconsistency found but ignored (" LABEL_FORMAT " sp: %d, calculated sp: %d)\n",
+                           RSTRING_PTR(rb_iseq_path(iseq)),
+                           lobj->label_no, lobj->sp, sp);
+                }
+		sp = lobj->sp;
 		break;
 	    }
-	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_NONE:
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_TRACE:
 	    {
-		/* ignore */
+		TRACE *trace = (TRACE *)list;
+		events |= trace->event;
+                if (trace->event & RUBY_EVENT_COVERAGE_BRANCH) data = trace->data;
 		break;
 	    }
 	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST:
 	    {
 		ADJUST *adjust = (ADJUST *)list;
 		if (adjust->line_no != -1) {
-		    pos += 2 /* insn + 1 operand */;
-		    k++;
+		    int orig_sp = sp;
+		    sp = adjust->label ? adjust->label->sp : 0;
+		    if (orig_sp - sp > 0) {
+			if (orig_sp - sp > 1) code_index++; /* 1 operand */
+			code_index++; /* insn */
+			insn_num++;
+		    }
 		}
 		break;
 	    }
-	  default:
-	    dump_disasm_list(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
-	    dump_disasm_list(list);
-	    rb_compile_error(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->location.path), line,
-			     "error: set_sequence");
-	    break;
+	  default: break;
 	}
-	list = list->next;
     }
 
     /* make instruction sequence */
-    generated_iseq = ALLOC_N(VALUE, pos);
-    line_info_table = ALLOC_N(struct iseq_line_info_entry, k);
-    iseq->is_entries = ZALLOC_N(union iseq_inline_storage_entry, iseq->is_size);
-    iseq->callinfo_entries = ALLOC_N(rb_call_info_t, iseq->callinfo_size);
-    /* MEMZERO(iseq->callinfo_entries, rb_call_info_t, iseq->callinfo_size); */
+    generated_iseq = ALLOC_N(VALUE, code_index);
+    insns_info = ALLOC_N(struct iseq_insn_info_entry, insn_num);
+    positions = ALLOC_N(unsigned int, insn_num);
+    body->is_entries = ZALLOC_N(union iseq_inline_storage_entry, body->is_size);
+    body->call_data = ZALLOC_N(struct rb_call_data, body->ci_size);
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ci_index = 0;
 
     list = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor);
-    k = pos = sp = 0;
+    insns_info_index = code_index = sp = 0;
 
     while (list) {
 	switch (list->type) {
@@ -1534,34 +2324,17 @@ iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 		int j, len, insn;
 		const char *types;
 		VALUE *operands;
-
-		iobj = (INSN *)list;
+		INSN *iobj = (INSN *)list;
 
 		/* update sp */
 		sp = calc_sp_depth(sp, iobj);
-		if (sp > stack_max) {
-		    stack_max = sp;
-		}
-
 		/* fprintf(stderr, "insn: %-16s, sp: %d\n", insn_name(iobj->insn_id), sp); */
 		operands = iobj->operands;
 		insn = iobj->insn_id;
-		generated_iseq[pos] = insn;
+		generated_iseq[code_index] = insn;
 		types = insn_op_types(insn);
 		len = insn_len(insn);
 
-		/* operand check */
-		if (iobj->operand_size != len - 1) {
-		    /* printf("operand size miss! (%d, %d)\n", iobj->operand_size, len); */
-		    dump_disasm_list(list);
-		    rb_compile_error(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->location.path), iobj->line_no,
-				     "operand size miss! (%d for %d)",
-				     iobj->operand_size, len - 1);
-		    xfree(generated_iseq);
-		    xfree(line_info_table);
-		    return 0;
-		}
-
 		for (j = 0; types[j]; j++) {
 		    char type = types[j];
 		    /* printf("--> [%c - (%d-%d)]\n", type, k, j); */
@@ -1569,15 +2342,8 @@ iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 		      case TS_OFFSET:
 			{
 			    /* label(destination position) */
-			    lobj = (LABEL *)operands[j];
-			    if (!lobj->set) {
-				rb_compile_error(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->location.path), iobj->line_no,
-						 "unknown label");
-			    }
-			    if (lobj->sp == -1) {
-				lobj->sp = sp;
-			    }
-			    generated_iseq[pos + 1 + j] = lobj->position - (pos + len);
+			    LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)operands[j];
+			    generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = lobj->position - (code_index + len);
 			    break;
 			}
 		      case TS_CDHASH:
@@ -1585,96 +2351,87 @@ iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 			    VALUE map = operands[j];
 			    struct cdhash_set_label_struct data;
                             data.hash = map;
-                            data.pos = pos;
+                            data.pos = code_index;
                             data.len = len;
 			    rb_hash_foreach(map, cdhash_set_label_i, (VALUE)&data);
 
-			    hide_obj(map);
-			    generated_iseq[pos + 1 + j] = map;
+			    rb_hash_rehash(map);
+			    freeze_hide_obj(map);
+			    generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = map;
+			    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, map);
+                            FL_SET(iseqv, ISEQ_MARKABLE_ISEQ);
 			    break;
 			}
 		      case TS_LINDEX:
 		      case TS_NUM:	/* ulong */
-			generated_iseq[pos + 1 + j] = FIX2INT(operands[j]);
+			generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = FIX2INT(operands[j]);
 			break;
-		      case TS_ISEQ:	/* iseq */
-			{
-			    VALUE v = operands[j];
-			    rb_iseq_t *block = 0;
-			    if (v) {
-				GetISeqPtr(v, block);
-			    }
-			    generated_iseq[pos + 1 + j] = (VALUE)block;
-			    break;
-			}
 		      case TS_VALUE:	/* VALUE */
+		      case TS_ISEQ:	/* iseq */
 			{
 			    VALUE v = operands[j];
-			    generated_iseq[pos + 1 + j] = v;
+			    generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = v;
 			    /* to mark ruby object */
-			    iseq_add_mark_object(iseq, v);
-			    break;
-			}
-		      case TS_IC: /* inline cache */
-			{
-			    int ic_index = FIX2INT(operands[j]);
-			    IC ic = (IC)&iseq->is_entries[ic_index];
-			    if (UNLIKELY(ic_index >= iseq->is_size)) {
-				rb_bug("iseq_set_sequence: ic_index overflow: index: %d, size: %d", ic_index, iseq->is_size);
+			    if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(v)) {
+				RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, v);
+                                FL_SET(iseqv, ISEQ_MARKABLE_ISEQ);
 			    }
-			    generated_iseq[pos + 1 + j] = (VALUE)ic;
 			    break;
 			}
-		      case TS_CALLINFO: /* call info */
+		      case TS_IC: /* inline cache */
+		      case TS_ISE: /* inline storage entry */
+		      case TS_IVC: /* inline ivar cache */
 			{
-			    rb_call_info_t *base_ci = (rb_call_info_t *)operands[j];
-			    rb_call_info_t *ci = &iseq->callinfo_entries[base_ci->aux.index];
-			    *ci = *base_ci;
-
-			    if (UNLIKELY(base_ci->aux.index >= iseq->callinfo_size)) {
-				rb_bug("iseq_set_sequence: ci_index overflow: index: %d, size: %d", base_ci->argc, iseq->callinfo_size);
+			    unsigned int ic_index = FIX2UINT(operands[j]);
+			    IC ic = (IC)&body->is_entries[ic_index];
+			    if (UNLIKELY(ic_index >= body->is_size)) {
+                                BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, &iobj->link, 0);
+                                COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, iobj->insn_info.line_no,
+                                              "iseq_set_sequence: ic_index overflow: index: %d, size: %d",
+                                              ic_index, body->is_size);
 			    }
-			    generated_iseq[pos + 1 + j] = (VALUE)ci;
+			    generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = (VALUE)ic;
+                            FL_SET(iseqv, ISEQ_MARKABLE_ISEQ);
 			    break;
 			}
+                        case TS_CALLDATA:
+                        {
+                            const struct rb_callinfo *source_ci = (const struct rb_callinfo *)operands[j];
+                            struct rb_call_data *cd = &body->call_data[ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ci_index++];
+                            assert(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ci_index <= body->ci_size);
+                            cd->ci = source_ci;
+                            cd->cc = vm_cc_empty();
+                            generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = (VALUE)cd;
+                            break;
+                        }
 		      case TS_ID: /* ID */
-			generated_iseq[pos + 1 + j] = SYM2ID(operands[j]);
-			break;
-		      case TS_GENTRY:
-			{
-			    struct rb_global_entry *entry =
-				(struct rb_global_entry *)(operands[j] & (~1));
-			    generated_iseq[pos + 1 + j] = (VALUE)entry;
-			}
+			generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = SYM2ID(operands[j]);
 			break;
 		      case TS_FUNCPTR:
-			generated_iseq[pos + 1 + j] = operands[j];
+			generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = operands[j];
 			break;
+                      case TS_BUILTIN:
+                        generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = operands[j];
+                        break;
 		      default:
-			rb_compile_error(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->location.path), iobj->line_no,
-					 "unknown operand type: %c", type);
-			xfree(generated_iseq);
-			xfree(line_info_table);
-			return 0;
+			BADINSN_ERROR(iseq, iobj->insn_info.line_no,
+				      "unknown operand type: %c", type);
+			return COMPILE_NG;
 		    }
 		}
-		if (last_line != iobj->line_no) {
-		    line_info_table[k].line_no = last_line = iobj->line_no;
-		    line_info_table[k].position = pos;
-		    k++;
-		}
-		pos += len;
+		if (add_insn_info(insns_info, positions, insns_info_index, code_index, iobj)) insns_info_index++;
+		code_index += len;
 		break;
 	    }
 	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL:
 	    {
-		lobj = (LABEL *)list;
-		if (lobj->sp == -1) {
-		    lobj->sp = sp;
-		}
-		else {
-		    sp = lobj->sp;
-		}
+		LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)list;
+                if (lobj->sp != sp) {
+                    debugs("%s: sp inconsistency found but ignored (" LABEL_FORMAT " sp: %d, calculated sp: %d)\n",
+                           RSTRING_PTR(rb_iseq_path(iseq)),
+                           lobj->label_no, lobj->sp, sp);
+                }
+		sp = lobj->sp;
 		break;
 	    }
 	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST:
@@ -1690,27 +2447,27 @@ iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 		}
 
 		if (adjust->line_no != -1) {
-		    if (orig_sp - sp > 0) {
-			if (last_line != (unsigned int)adjust->line_no) {
-			    line_info_table[k].line_no = last_line = adjust->line_no;
-			    line_info_table[k].position = pos;
-			    k++;
-			}
-			generated_iseq[pos++] = BIN(adjuststack);
-			generated_iseq[pos++] = orig_sp - sp;
+		    const int diff = orig_sp - sp;
+		    if (diff > 0) {
+			if (add_adjust_info(insns_info, positions, insns_info_index, code_index, adjust)) insns_info_index++;
 		    }
-		    else if (orig_sp - sp == 0) {
-			/* jump to next insn */
-			if (last_line != (unsigned int)adjust->line_no) {
-			    line_info_table[k].line_no = last_line = adjust->line_no;
-			    line_info_table[k].position = pos;
-			    k++;
-			}
-			generated_iseq[pos++] = BIN(nop);
-			generated_iseq[pos++] = BIN(nop);
+		    if (diff > 1) {
+			generated_iseq[code_index++] = BIN(adjuststack);
+			generated_iseq[code_index++] = orig_sp - sp;
+		    }
+		    else if (diff == 1) {
+			generated_iseq[code_index++] = BIN(pop);
 		    }
-		    else {
-			rb_bug("iseq_set_sequence: adjust bug");
+		    else if (diff < 0) {
+			int label_no = adjust->label ? adjust->label->label_no : -1;
+			xfree(generated_iseq);
+			xfree(insns_info);
+			xfree(positions);
+			debug_list(anchor, list);
+			COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, adjust->line_no,
+				      "iseq_set_sequence: adjust bug to %d %d < %d",
+				      label_no, orig_sp, sp);
+			return COMPILE_NG;
 		    }
 		}
 		break;
@@ -1722,13 +2479,19 @@ iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 	list = list->next;
     }
 
-    iseq->iseq_encoded = (void *)generated_iseq;
-    iseq->iseq_size = pos;
-    iseq->stack_max = stack_max;
+    body->iseq_encoded = (void *)generated_iseq;
+    body->iseq_size = code_index;
+    body->stack_max = stack_max;
 
-    REALLOC_N(line_info_table, struct iseq_line_info_entry, k);
-    iseq->line_info_table = line_info_table;
-    iseq->line_info_size = k;
+    /* get rid of memory leak when REALLOC failed */
+    body->insns_info.body = insns_info;
+    body->insns_info.positions = positions;
+
+    REALLOC_N(insns_info, struct iseq_insn_info_entry, insns_info_index);
+    body->insns_info.body = insns_info;
+    REALLOC_N(positions, unsigned int, insns_info_index);
+    body->insns_info.positions = positions;
+    body->insns_info.size = insns_info_index;
 
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
@@ -1749,50 +2512,48 @@ static int
 iseq_set_exception_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
     const VALUE *tptr, *ptr;
-    int tlen, i;
+    unsigned int tlen, i;
     struct iseq_catch_table_entry *entry;
 
-    tlen = (int)RARRAY_LEN(iseq->compile_data->catch_table_ary);
-    tptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(iseq->compile_data->catch_table_ary);
+    iseq->body->catch_table = NULL;
+    if (NIL_P(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary)) return COMPILE_OK;
+    tlen = (int)RARRAY_LEN(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary);
+    tptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary);
 
-    iseq->catch_table = 0;
     if (tlen > 0) {
-	iseq->catch_table = xmalloc(iseq_catch_table_bytes(tlen));
-	iseq->catch_table->size = tlen;
-    }
-
-    if (iseq->catch_table) for (i = 0; i < iseq->catch_table->size; i++) {
-	ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(tptr[i]);
-	entry = &iseq->catch_table->entries[i];
-	entry->type = (enum catch_type)(ptr[0] & 0xffff);
-	entry->start = label_get_position((LABEL *)(ptr[1] & ~1));
-	entry->end = label_get_position((LABEL *)(ptr[2] & ~1));
-	entry->iseq = ptr[3];
-
-	/* register iseq as mark object */
-	if (entry->iseq != 0) {
-	    iseq_add_mark_object(iseq, entry->iseq);
-	}
-
-	/* stack depth */
-	if (ptr[4]) {
-	    LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)(ptr[4] & ~1);
-	    entry->cont = label_get_position(lobj);
-	    entry->sp = label_get_sp(lobj);
-
-	    /* TODO: Dirty Hack!  Fix me */
-	    if (entry->type == CATCH_TYPE_RESCUE ||
-		entry->type == CATCH_TYPE_BREAK ||
-		entry->type == CATCH_TYPE_NEXT) {
-		entry->sp--;
+	struct iseq_catch_table *table = xmalloc(iseq_catch_table_bytes(tlen));
+	table->size = tlen;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < table->size; i++) {
+            ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(tptr[i]);
+	    entry = UNALIGNED_MEMBER_PTR(table, entries[i]);
+	    entry->type = (enum catch_type)(ptr[0] & 0xffff);
+	    entry->start = label_get_position((LABEL *)(ptr[1] & ~1));
+	    entry->end = label_get_position((LABEL *)(ptr[2] & ~1));
+	    entry->iseq = (rb_iseq_t *)ptr[3];
+	    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, entry->iseq);
+
+	    /* stack depth */
+	    if (ptr[4]) {
+		LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)(ptr[4] & ~1);
+		entry->cont = label_get_position(lobj);
+		entry->sp = label_get_sp(lobj);
+
+		/* TODO: Dirty Hack!  Fix me */
+		if (entry->type == CATCH_TYPE_RESCUE ||
+		    entry->type == CATCH_TYPE_BREAK ||
+		    entry->type == CATCH_TYPE_NEXT) {
+		    entry->sp--;
+		}
+	    }
+	    else {
+		entry->cont = 0;
 	    }
 	}
-	else {
-	    entry->cont = 0;
-	}
+	iseq->body->catch_table = table;
+	RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary, 0); /* free */
     }
 
-    RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq->self, &iseq->compile_data->catch_table_ary, 0); /* free */
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -1809,10 +2570,11 @@ static int
 iseq_set_optargs_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
     int i;
+    VALUE *opt_table = (VALUE *)iseq->body->param.opt_table;
 
-    if (iseq->param.flags.has_opt) {
-	for (i = 0; i < iseq->param.opt_num + 1; i++) {
-	    iseq->param.opt_table[i] = label_get_position((LABEL *)iseq->param.opt_table[i]);
+    if (iseq->body->param.flags.has_opt) {
+	for (i = 0; i < iseq->body->param.opt_num + 1; i++) {
+	    opt_table[i] = label_get_position((LABEL *)opt_table[i]);
 	}
     }
     return COMPILE_OK;
@@ -1823,14 +2585,32 @@ get_destination_insn(INSN *iobj)
 {
     LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0);
     LINK_ELEMENT *list;
+    rb_event_flag_t events = 0;
 
     list = lobj->link.next;
     while (list) {
-	if (list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN || list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST) {
+	switch (list->type) {
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN:
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST:
+	    goto found;
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL:
+	    /* ignore */
 	    break;
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_TRACE:
+	    {
+		TRACE *trace = (TRACE *)list;
+		events |= trace->event;
+	    }
+	    break;
+	  default: break;
 	}
 	list = list->next;
     }
+  found:
+    if (list && IS_INSN(list)) {
+	INSN *iobj = (INSN *)list;
+	iobj->insn_info.events |= events;
+    }
     return list;
 }
 
@@ -1840,7 +2620,7 @@ get_next_insn(INSN *iobj)
     LINK_ELEMENT *list = iobj->link.next;
 
     while (list) {
-	if (list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN || list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST) {
+	if (IS_INSN(list) || IS_ADJUST(list)) {
 	    return list;
 	}
 	list = list->next;
@@ -1854,7 +2634,7 @@ get_prev_insn(INSN *iobj)
     LINK_ELEMENT *list = iobj->link.prev;
 
     while (list) {
-	if (list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN || list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST) {
+	if (IS_INSN(list) || IS_ADJUST(list)) {
 	    return list;
 	}
 	list = list->prev;
@@ -1862,23 +2642,247 @@ get_prev_insn(INSN *iobj)
     return 0;
 }
 
+static void
+unref_destination(INSN *iobj, int pos)
+{
+    LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, pos);
+    --lobj->refcnt;
+    if (!lobj->refcnt) ELEM_REMOVE(&lobj->link);
+}
+
+static void
+replace_destination(INSN *dobj, INSN *nobj)
+{
+    VALUE n = OPERAND_AT(nobj, 0);
+    LABEL *dl = (LABEL *)OPERAND_AT(dobj, 0);
+    LABEL *nl = (LABEL *)n;
+    --dl->refcnt;
+    ++nl->refcnt;
+    OPERAND_AT(dobj, 0) = n;
+    if (!dl->refcnt) ELEM_REMOVE(&dl->link);
+}
+
+static LABEL*
+find_destination(INSN *i)
+{
+    int pos, len = insn_len(i->insn_id);
+    for (pos = 0; pos < len; ++pos) {
+	if (insn_op_types(i->insn_id)[pos] == TS_OFFSET) {
+	    return (LABEL *)OPERAND_AT(i, pos);
+	}
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+remove_unreachable_chunk(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *i)
+{
+    LINK_ELEMENT *first = i, *end;
+    int *unref_counts = 0, nlabels = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->label_no;
+
+    if (!i) return 0;
+    unref_counts = ALLOCA_N(int, nlabels);
+    MEMZERO(unref_counts, int, nlabels);
+    end = i;
+    do {
+	LABEL *lab;
+	if (IS_INSN(i)) {
+	    if (IS_INSN_ID(i, leave)) {
+		end = i;
+		break;
+	    }
+	    else if ((lab = find_destination((INSN *)i)) != 0) {
+		if (lab->unremovable) break;
+		unref_counts[lab->label_no]++;
+	    }
+	}
+	else if (IS_LABEL(i)) {
+	    lab = (LABEL *)i;
+	    if (lab->unremovable) return 0;
+	    if (lab->refcnt > unref_counts[lab->label_no]) {
+		if (i == first) return 0;
+		break;
+	    }
+	    continue;
+	}
+	else if (IS_TRACE(i)) {
+	    /* do nothing */
+	}
+	else if (IS_ADJUST(i)) {
+	    LABEL *dest = ((ADJUST *)i)->label;
+	    if (dest && dest->unremovable) return 0;
+	}
+	end = i;
+    } while ((i = i->next) != 0);
+    i = first;
+    do {
+	if (IS_INSN(i)) {
+	    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *body = iseq->body;
+	    VALUE insn = INSN_OF(i);
+	    int pos, len = insn_len(insn);
+	    for (pos = 0; pos < len; ++pos) {
+		switch (insn_op_types(insn)[pos]) {
+		  case TS_OFFSET:
+		    unref_destination((INSN *)i, pos);
+		    break;
+                  case TS_CALLDATA:
+                    --(body->ci_size);
+		    break;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	ELEM_REMOVE(i);
+    } while ((i != end) && (i = i->next) != 0);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int
+iseq_pop_newarray(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj)
+{
+    switch (OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0)) {
+      case INT2FIX(0): /* empty array */
+	ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+	return TRUE;
+      case INT2FIX(1): /* single element array */
+	ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+	return FALSE;
+      default:
+	iobj->insn_id = BIN(adjuststack);
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+is_frozen_putstring(INSN *insn, VALUE *op)
+{
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(insn, putstring)) {
+        *op = OPERAND_AT(insn, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    else if (IS_INSN_ID(insn, putobject)) { /* frozen_string_literal */
+        *op = OPERAND_AT(insn, 0);
+        return RB_TYPE_P(*op, T_STRING);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+optimize_checktype(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj)
+{
+    /*
+     *   putobject obj
+     *   dup
+     *   checktype T_XXX
+     *   branchif l1
+     * l2:
+     *   ...
+     * l1:
+     *
+     * => obj is a T_XXX
+     *
+     *   putobject obj (T_XXX)
+     *   jump L1
+     * L1:
+     *
+     * => obj is not a T_XXX
+     *
+     *   putobject obj (T_XXX)
+     *   jump L2
+     * L2:
+     */
+    int line;
+    INSN *niobj, *ciobj, *dup = 0;
+    LABEL *dest = 0;
+    VALUE type;
+
+    switch (INSN_OF(iobj)) {
+      case BIN(putstring):
+	type = INT2FIX(T_STRING);
+	break;
+      case BIN(putnil):
+	type = INT2FIX(T_NIL);
+	break;
+      case BIN(putobject):
+	type = INT2FIX(TYPE(OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0)));
+	break;
+      default: return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    ciobj = (INSN *)get_next_insn(iobj);
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(ciobj, jump)) {
+	ciobj = (INSN *)get_next_insn((INSN*)OPERAND_AT(ciobj, 0));
+    }
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(ciobj, dup)) {
+	ciobj = (INSN *)get_next_insn(dup = ciobj);
+    }
+    if (!ciobj || !IS_INSN_ID(ciobj, checktype)) return FALSE;
+    niobj = (INSN *)get_next_insn(ciobj);
+    if (!niobj) {
+	/* TODO: putobject true/false */
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+    switch (INSN_OF(niobj)) {
+      case BIN(branchif):
+	if (OPERAND_AT(ciobj, 0) == type) {
+	    dest = (LABEL *)OPERAND_AT(niobj, 0);
+	}
+	break;
+      case BIN(branchunless):
+	if (OPERAND_AT(ciobj, 0) != type) {
+	    dest = (LABEL *)OPERAND_AT(niobj, 0);
+	}
+	break;
+      default:
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    line = ciobj->insn_info.line_no;
+    if (!dest) {
+	if (niobj->link.next && IS_LABEL(niobj->link.next)) {
+	    dest = (LABEL *)niobj->link.next; /* reuse label */
+	}
+	else {
+	    dest = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	    ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(&niobj->link, &dest->link);
+	}
+    }
+    INSERT_AFTER_INSN1(iobj, line, jump, dest);
+    LABEL_REF(dest);
+    if (!dup) INSERT_AFTER_INSN(iobj, line, pop);
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+static const struct rb_callinfo *
+ci_flag_set(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, const struct rb_callinfo *ci, unsigned int add)
+{
+    const struct rb_callinfo *nci = vm_ci_new(vm_ci_mid(ci),
+                                             vm_ci_flag(ci) | add,
+                                             vm_ci_argc(ci),
+                                             vm_ci_kwarg(ci));
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, ci, nci);
+    return nci;
+}
+
+static const struct rb_callinfo *
+ci_argc_set(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, const struct rb_callinfo *ci, int argc)
+{
+    const struct rb_callinfo *nci = vm_ci_new(vm_ci_mid(ci),
+                                              vm_ci_flag(ci),
+                                              argc,
+                                              vm_ci_kwarg(ci));
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, ci, nci);
+    return nci;
+}
+
 static int
 iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcallopt)
 {
-    INSN *iobj = (INSN *)list;
+    INSN *const iobj = (INSN *)list;
+
   again:
-    if (iobj->insn_id == BIN(jump)) {
-	INSN *niobj, *diobj, *piobj;
-	/*
-	 *  useless jump elimination:
-	 *     jump LABEL1
-	 *     ...
-	 *   LABEL1:
-	 *     jump LABEL2
-	 *
-	 *   => in this case, first jump instruction should jump to
-	 *      LABEL2 directly
-	 */
+    optimize_checktype(iseq, iobj);
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, jump)) {
+        INSN *niobj, *diobj, *piobj;
 	diobj = (INSN *)get_destination_insn(iobj);
 	niobj = (INSN *)get_next_insn(iobj);
 
@@ -1889,15 +2893,29 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
 	     * =>
 	     *   LABEL:
 	     */
-	    REMOVE_ELEM(&iobj->link);
-	}
-	else if (iobj != diobj && diobj->insn_id == BIN(jump)) {
-	    if (OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0) != OPERAND_AT(diobj, 0)) {
-		OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0) = OPERAND_AT(diobj, 0);
-		goto again;
-	    }
+	    unref_destination(iobj, 0);
+	    ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+	    return COMPILE_OK;
+	}
+        else if (iobj != diobj && IS_INSN(&diobj->link) &&
+                 IS_INSN_ID(diobj, jump) &&
+		 OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0) != OPERAND_AT(diobj, 0) &&
+                 diobj->insn_info.events == 0) {
+	    /*
+	     *  useless jump elimination:
+	     *     jump LABEL1
+	     *     ...
+	     *   LABEL1:
+	     *     jump LABEL2
+	     *
+	     *   => in this case, first jump instruction should jump to
+	     *      LABEL2 directly
+	     */
+	    replace_destination(iobj, diobj);
+	    remove_unreachable_chunk(iseq, iobj->link.next);
+	    goto again;
 	}
-	else if (diobj->insn_id == BIN(leave)) {
+        else if (IS_INSN_ID(diobj, leave)) {
 	    /*
 	     *  jump LABEL
 	     *  ...
@@ -1909,43 +2927,107 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
 	     * LABEL:
 	     *  leave
 	     */
-	    INSN *eiobj = new_insn_core(iseq, iobj->line_no, BIN(leave),
-					diobj->operand_size, diobj->operands);
-	    INSN *popiobj = new_insn_core(iseq, iobj->line_no,
-					  BIN(pop), 0, 0);
 	    /* replace */
-	    REPLACE_ELEM((LINK_ELEMENT *)iobj, (LINK_ELEMENT *)eiobj);
-	    INSERT_ELEM_NEXT((LINK_ELEMENT *)eiobj, (LINK_ELEMENT *)popiobj);
-	    iobj = popiobj;
-	}
-	/*
-	 * useless jump elimination (if/unless destination):
-	 *   if   L1
-	 *   jump L2
-	 * L1:
-	 *   ...
-	 * L2:
-	 *
-	 * ==>
-	 *   unless L2
-	 * L1:
-	 *   ...
-	 * L2:
-	 */
-	else if ((piobj = (INSN *)get_prev_insn(iobj)) != 0 &&
-		 (piobj->insn_id == BIN(branchif) ||
-		  piobj->insn_id == BIN(branchunless))) {
-	    if (niobj == (INSN *)get_destination_insn(piobj)) {
-		piobj->insn_id = (piobj->insn_id == BIN(branchif))
+	    unref_destination(iobj, 0);
+            iobj->insn_id = BIN(leave);
+	    iobj->operand_size = 0;
+	    iobj->insn_info = diobj->insn_info;
+	    goto again;
+	}
+        else if (IS_INSN(iobj->link.prev) &&
+                 (piobj = (INSN *)iobj->link.prev) &&
+		 (IS_INSN_ID(piobj, branchif) ||
+		  IS_INSN_ID(piobj, branchunless))) {
+	    INSN *pdiobj = (INSN *)get_destination_insn(piobj);
+	    if (niobj == pdiobj) {
+		int refcnt = IS_LABEL(piobj->link.next) ?
+		    ((LABEL *)piobj->link.next)->refcnt : 0;
+		/*
+		 * useless jump elimination (if/unless destination):
+		 *   if   L1
+		 *   jump L2
+		 * L1:
+		 *   ...
+		 * L2:
+		 *
+		 * ==>
+		 *   unless L2
+		 * L1:
+		 *   ...
+		 * L2:
+		 */
+		piobj->insn_id = (IS_INSN_ID(piobj, branchif))
 		  ? BIN(branchunless) : BIN(branchif);
-		OPERAND_AT(piobj, 0) = OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0);
-		REMOVE_ELEM(&iobj->link);
+		replace_destination(piobj, iobj);
+		if (refcnt <= 1) {
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+		}
+		else {
+		    /* TODO: replace other branch destinations too */
+		}
+		return COMPILE_OK;
+	    }
+	    else if (diobj == pdiobj) {
+		/*
+		 * useless jump elimination (if/unless before jump):
+		 * L1:
+		 *   ...
+		 *   if   L1
+		 *   jump L1
+		 *
+		 * ==>
+		 * L1:
+		 *   ...
+		 *   pop
+		 *   jump L1
+		 */
+		INSN *popiobj = new_insn_core(iseq, iobj->insn_info.line_no,
+					      BIN(pop), 0, 0);
+		ELEM_REPLACE(&piobj->link, &popiobj->link);
 	    }
 	}
+	if (remove_unreachable_chunk(iseq, iobj->link.next)) {
+	    goto again;
+	}
     }
 
-    if (iobj->insn_id == BIN(branchif) ||
-	iobj->insn_id == BIN(branchunless)) {
+    /*
+     * putstring "beg"
+     * putstring "end"
+     * newrange excl
+     *
+     * ==>
+     *
+     * putobject "beg".."end"
+     */
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, checkmatch)) {
+        INSN *range = (INSN *)get_prev_insn(iobj);
+        INSN *beg, *end;
+        VALUE str_beg, str_end;
+
+	if (range && IS_INSN_ID(range, newrange) &&
+                (end = (INSN *)get_prev_insn(range)) != 0 &&
+                is_frozen_putstring(end, &str_end) &&
+                (beg = (INSN *)get_prev_insn(end)) != 0 &&
+                is_frozen_putstring(beg, &str_beg)) {
+	    int excl = FIX2INT(OPERAND_AT(range, 0));
+	    VALUE lit_range = rb_range_new(str_beg, str_end, excl);
+
+	    ELEM_REMOVE(&beg->link);
+	    ELEM_REMOVE(&end->link);
+	    range->insn_id = BIN(putobject);
+	    OPERAND_AT(range, 0) = lit_range;
+	    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, lit_range);
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, leave)) {
+	remove_unreachable_chunk(iseq, iobj->link.next);
+    }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, branchif) ||
+	IS_INSN_ID(iobj, branchnil) ||
+	IS_INSN_ID(iobj, branchunless)) {
 	/*
 	 *   if L1
 	 *   ...
@@ -1955,12 +3037,270 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
 	 *   if L2
 	 */
 	INSN *nobj = (INSN *)get_destination_insn(iobj);
-	if (nobj->insn_id == BIN(jump)) {
-	    OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0) = OPERAND_AT(nobj, 0);
+
+        /* This is super nasty hack!!!
+         *
+         * This jump-jump optimization may ignore event flags of the jump
+         * instruction being skipped.  Actually, Line 2 TracePoint event
+         * is never fired in the following code:
+         *
+         *   1: raise if 1 == 2
+         *   2: while true
+         *   3:   break
+         *   4: end
+         *
+         * This is critical for coverage measurement.  [Bug #15980]
+         *
+         * This is a stopgap measure: stop the jump-jump optimization if
+         * coverage measurement is enabled and if the skipped instruction
+         * has any event flag.
+         *
+         * Note that, still, TracePoint Line event does not occur on Line 2.
+         * This should be fixed in future.
+         */
+        int stop_optimization =
+	    ISEQ_COVERAGE(iseq) && ISEQ_LINE_COVERAGE(iseq) &&
+            nobj->insn_info.events;
+	if (!stop_optimization) {
+            INSN *pobj = (INSN *)iobj->link.prev;
+            int prev_dup = 0;
+            if (pobj) {
+                if (!IS_INSN(&pobj->link))
+                    pobj = 0;
+                else if (IS_INSN_ID(pobj, dup))
+                    prev_dup = 1;
+            }
+
+            for (;;) {
+                if (IS_INSN(&nobj->link) && IS_INSN_ID(nobj, jump)) {
+                    replace_destination(iobj, nobj);
+                }
+                else if (prev_dup && IS_INSN_ID(nobj, dup) &&
+                         !!(nobj = (INSN *)nobj->link.next) &&
+                         /* basic blocks, with no labels in the middle */
+                         nobj->insn_id == iobj->insn_id) {
+                    /*
+                     *   dup
+                     *   if L1
+                     *   ...
+                     * L1:
+                     *   dup
+                     *   if L2
+                     * =>
+                     *   dup
+                     *   if L2
+                     *   ...
+                     * L1:
+                     *   dup
+                     *   if L2
+                     */
+                    replace_destination(iobj, nobj);
+                }
+                else if (pobj) {
+                    /*
+                     *   putnil
+                     *   if L1
+                     * =>
+                     *   # nothing
+                     *
+                     *   putobject true
+                     *   if L1
+                     * =>
+                     *   jump L1
+                     *
+                     *   putstring ".."
+                     *   if L1
+                     * =>
+                     *   jump L1
+                     *
+                     *   putstring ".."
+                     *   dup
+                     *   if L1
+                     * =>
+                     *   putstring ".."
+                     *   jump L1
+                     *
+                     */
+                    int cond;
+                    if (prev_dup && IS_INSN(pobj->link.prev)) {
+                        pobj = (INSN *)pobj->link.prev;
+                    }
+                    if (IS_INSN_ID(pobj, putobject)) {
+                        cond = (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, branchif) ?
+                                OPERAND_AT(pobj, 0) != Qfalse :
+                                IS_INSN_ID(iobj, branchunless) ?
+                                OPERAND_AT(pobj, 0) == Qfalse :
+                                FALSE);
+                    }
+                    else if (IS_INSN_ID(pobj, putstring) ||
+                             IS_INSN_ID(pobj, duparray) ||
+                             IS_INSN_ID(pobj, newarray)) {
+                        cond = IS_INSN_ID(iobj, branchif);
+                    }
+                    else if (IS_INSN_ID(pobj, putnil)) {
+                        cond = !IS_INSN_ID(iobj, branchif);
+                    }
+                    else break;
+                    if (prev_dup || !IS_INSN_ID(pobj, newarray)) {
+                        ELEM_REMOVE(iobj->link.prev);
+                    }
+                    else if (!iseq_pop_newarray(iseq, pobj)) {
+                        pobj = new_insn_core(iseq, pobj->insn_info.line_no, BIN(pop), 0, NULL);
+                        ELEM_INSERT_PREV(&iobj->link, &pobj->link);
+                    }
+                    if (cond) {
+                        if (prev_dup) {
+                            pobj = new_insn_core(iseq, pobj->insn_info.line_no, BIN(putnil), 0, NULL);
+                            ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(&iobj->link, &pobj->link);
+                        }
+                        iobj->insn_id = BIN(jump);
+                        goto again;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        unref_destination(iobj, 0);
+                        ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                else break;
+                nobj = (INSN *)get_destination_insn(nobj);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, pop)) {
+	/*
+	 *  putself / putnil / putobject obj / putstring "..."
+	 *  pop
+	 * =>
+	 *  # do nothing
+	 */
+	LINK_ELEMENT *prev = iobj->link.prev;
+	if (IS_INSN(prev)) {
+	    enum ruby_vminsn_type previ = ((INSN *)prev)->insn_id;
+	    if (previ == BIN(putobject) || previ == BIN(putnil) ||
+		previ == BIN(putself) || previ == BIN(putstring) ||
+		previ == BIN(dup) ||
+		previ == BIN(getlocal) ||
+		previ == BIN(getblockparam) ||
+		previ == BIN(getblockparamproxy) ||
+		/* getinstancevariable may issue a warning */
+		previ == BIN(duparray)) {
+		/* just push operand or static value and pop soon, no
+		 * side effects */
+		ELEM_REMOVE(prev);
+		ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+	    }
+	    else if (previ == BIN(newarray) && iseq_pop_newarray(iseq, (INSN*)prev)) {
+		ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+	    }
+	    else if (previ == BIN(concatarray)) {
+		INSN *piobj = (INSN *)prev;
+		INSERT_BEFORE_INSN1(piobj, piobj->insn_info.line_no, splatarray, Qfalse);
+		INSN_OF(piobj) = BIN(pop);
+	    }
+	    else if (previ == BIN(concatstrings)) {
+		if (OPERAND_AT(prev, 0) == INT2FIX(1)) {
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(prev);
+		}
+		else {
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+		    INSN_OF(prev) = BIN(adjuststack);
+		}
+	    }
 	}
     }
 
-    if (do_tailcallopt && iobj->insn_id == BIN(leave)) {
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, newarray) ||
+	IS_INSN_ID(iobj, duparray) ||
+	IS_INSN_ID(iobj, expandarray) ||
+	IS_INSN_ID(iobj, concatarray) ||
+	IS_INSN_ID(iobj, splatarray) ||
+	0) {
+	/*
+	 *  newarray N
+	 *  splatarray
+	 * =>
+	 *  newarray N
+	 * newarray always puts an array
+	 */
+	LINK_ELEMENT *next = iobj->link.next;
+	if (IS_INSN(next) && IS_INSN_ID(next, splatarray)) {
+	    /* remove splatarray following always-array insn */
+	    ELEM_REMOVE(next);
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, tostring)) {
+	LINK_ELEMENT *next = iobj->link.next;
+	/*
+	 *  tostring
+	 *  concatstrings 1
+	 * =>
+	 *  tostring
+	 */
+	if (IS_INSN(next) && IS_INSN_ID(next, concatstrings) &&
+	    OPERAND_AT(next, 0) == INT2FIX(1)) {
+	    ELEM_REMOVE(next);
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, putstring) ||
+	(IS_INSN_ID(iobj, putobject) && RB_TYPE_P(OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0), T_STRING))) {
+	/*
+	 *  putstring ""
+	 *  concatstrings N
+	 * =>
+	 *  concatstrings N-1
+	 */
+	if (IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(&iobj->link, concatstrings) &&
+	    RSTRING_LEN(OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0)) == 0) {
+	    INSN *next = (INSN *)iobj->link.next;
+	    if ((OPERAND_AT(next, 0) = FIXNUM_INC(OPERAND_AT(next, 0), -1)) == INT2FIX(1)) {
+		ELEM_REMOVE(&next->link);
+	    }
+	    ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, concatstrings)) {
+	/*
+	 *  concatstrings N
+	 *  concatstrings M
+	 * =>
+	 *  concatstrings N+M-1
+	 */
+	LINK_ELEMENT *next = iobj->link.next;
+	INSN *jump = 0;
+	if (IS_INSN(next) && IS_INSN_ID(next, jump))
+	    next = get_destination_insn(jump = (INSN *)next);
+	if (IS_INSN(next) && IS_INSN_ID(next, concatstrings)) {
+	    int n = FIX2INT(OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0)) + FIX2INT(OPERAND_AT(next, 0)) - 1;
+	    OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0) = INT2FIX(n);
+	    if (jump) {
+		LABEL *label = ((LABEL *)OPERAND_AT(jump, 0));
+		if (!--label->refcnt) {
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(&label->link);
+		}
+		else {
+		    label = NEW_LABEL(0);
+		    OPERAND_AT(jump, 0) = (VALUE)label;
+		}
+		label->refcnt++;
+		ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(next, &label->link);
+		CHECK(iseq_peephole_optimize(iseq, get_next_insn(jump), do_tailcallopt));
+	    }
+	    else {
+		ELEM_REMOVE(next);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (do_tailcallopt &&
+	(IS_INSN_ID(iobj, send) ||
+	 IS_INSN_ID(iobj, opt_aref_with) ||
+	 IS_INSN_ID(iobj, opt_aset_with) ||
+	 IS_INSN_ID(iobj, invokesuper))) {
 	/*
 	 *  send ...
 	 *  leave
@@ -1968,34 +3308,114 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
 	 *  send ..., ... | VM_CALL_TAILCALL, ...
 	 *  leave # unreachable
 	 */
-	INSN *piobj = (INSN *)get_prev_insn((INSN *)list);
-	enum ruby_vminsn_type previ = piobj->insn_id;
+	INSN *piobj = NULL;
+	if (iobj->link.next) {
+	    LINK_ELEMENT *next = iobj->link.next;
+	    do {
+		if (!IS_INSN(next)) {
+		    next = next->next;
+		    continue;
+		}
+		switch (INSN_OF(next)) {
+		  case BIN(nop):
+		    next = next->next;
+		    break;
+		  case BIN(jump):
+		    /* if cond
+		     *   return tailcall
+		     * end
+		     */
+		    next = get_destination_insn((INSN *)next);
+		    break;
+		  case BIN(leave):
+		    piobj = iobj;
+                    /* fall through */
+		  default:
+		    next = NULL;
+		    break;
+		}
+	    } while (next);
+	}
+
+	if (piobj) {
+            const struct rb_callinfo *ci = (struct rb_callinfo *)OPERAND_AT(piobj, 0);
+	    if (IS_INSN_ID(piobj, send) ||
+                IS_INSN_ID(piobj, invokesuper)) {
+                if (OPERAND_AT(piobj, 1) == 0) { /* no blockiseq */
+                    ci = ci_flag_set(iseq, ci, VM_CALL_TAILCALL);
+                    OPERAND_AT(piobj, 0) = (VALUE)ci;
+                    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, ci);
+		}
+	    }
+	    else {
+                ci = ci_flag_set(iseq, ci, VM_CALL_TAILCALL);
+                OPERAND_AT(piobj, 0) = (VALUE)ci;
+                RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, ci);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
 
-	if (previ == BIN(send) || previ == BIN(opt_send_without_block) || previ == BIN(invokesuper)) {
-	    rb_call_info_t *ci = (rb_call_info_t *)piobj->operands[0];
-	    if (ci->blockiseq == 0) {
-		ci->flag |= VM_CALL_TAILCALL;
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, dup)) {
+	if (IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(&iobj->link, setlocal)) {
+	    LINK_ELEMENT *set1 = iobj->link.next, *set2 = NULL;
+	    if (IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(set1, setlocal)) {
+		set2 = set1->next;
+		if (OPERAND_AT(set1, 0) == OPERAND_AT(set2, 0) &&
+		    OPERAND_AT(set1, 1) == OPERAND_AT(set2, 1)) {
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(set1);
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+		}
+	    }
+	    else if (IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(set1, dup) &&
+		     IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(set1->next, setlocal)) {
+		set2 = set1->next->next;
+		if (OPERAND_AT(set1, 0) == OPERAND_AT(set2, 0) &&
+		    OPERAND_AT(set1, 1) == OPERAND_AT(set2, 1)) {
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(set1->next);
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(set2);
+		}
 	    }
 	}
     }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, getlocal)) {
+	LINK_ELEMENT *niobj = &iobj->link;
+	if (IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(niobj, dup)) {
+	    niobj = niobj->next;
+	}
+	if (IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(niobj, setlocal)) {
+	    LINK_ELEMENT *set1 = niobj->next;
+	    if (OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0) == OPERAND_AT(set1, 0) &&
+		OPERAND_AT(iobj, 1) == OPERAND_AT(set1, 1)) {
+		ELEM_REMOVE(set1);
+		ELEM_REMOVE(niobj);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, opt_invokebuiltin_delegate)) {
+        if (IS_TRACE(iobj->link.next)) {
+            if (IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(iobj->link.next, leave)) {
+                iobj->insn_id = BIN(opt_invokebuiltin_delegate_leave);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
 static int
 insn_set_specialized_instruction(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj, int insn_id)
 {
-    int old_opsize = iobj->operand_size;
     iobj->insn_id = insn_id;
     iobj->operand_size = insn_len(insn_id) - 1;
 
-    if (iobj->operand_size > old_opsize) {
+    if (insn_id == BIN(opt_neq)) {
 	VALUE *old_operands = iobj->operands;
-	if (insn_id != BIN(opt_neq)) {
-	    rb_bug("insn_set_specialized_instruction: unknown insn: %d", insn_id);
-	}
-	iobj->operands = (VALUE *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, iobj->operand_size * sizeof(VALUE));
-	iobj->operands[0] = old_operands[0];
-	iobj->operands[1] = (VALUE)new_callinfo(iseq, idEq, 1, 0, 0, NULL);
+        iobj->operand_size = 2;
+        iobj->operands = compile_data_calloc2(iseq, iobj->operand_size, sizeof(VALUE));
+        iobj->operands[0] = (VALUE)new_callinfo(iseq, idEq, 1, 0, NULL, FALSE);
+        iobj->operands[1] = old_operands[0];
     }
 
     return COMPILE_OK;
@@ -2004,23 +3424,48 @@ insn_set_specialized_instruction(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj, int insn_id)
 static int
 iseq_specialized_instruction(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj)
 {
-    if (iobj->insn_id == BIN(send)) {
-	rb_call_info_t *ci = (rb_call_info_t *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0);
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, newarray) && iobj->link.next &&
+	IS_INSN(iobj->link.next)) {
+	/*
+	 *   [a, b, ...].max/min -> a, b, c, opt_newarray_max/min
+	 */
+	INSN *niobj = (INSN *)iobj->link.next;
+	if (IS_INSN_ID(niobj, send)) {
+            const struct rb_callinfo *ci = (struct rb_callinfo *)OPERAND_AT(niobj, 0);
+            if ((vm_ci_flag(ci) & VM_CALL_ARGS_SIMPLE) && vm_ci_argc(ci) == 0) {
+		switch (vm_ci_mid(ci)) {
+		  case idMax:
+		    iobj->insn_id = BIN(opt_newarray_max);
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(&niobj->link);
+		    return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idMin:
+		    iobj->insn_id = BIN(opt_newarray_min);
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(&niobj->link);
+		    return COMPILE_OK;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, send)) {
+        const struct rb_callinfo *ci = (struct rb_callinfo *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0);
+        const rb_iseq_t *blockiseq = (rb_iseq_t *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, 1);
 
 #define SP_INSN(opt) insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_##opt))
-	if (ci->flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_SIMPLE) {
-	    switch (ci->orig_argc) {
+	if (vm_ci_flag(ci) & VM_CALL_ARGS_SIMPLE) {
+	    switch (vm_ci_argc(ci)) {
 	      case 0:
-		switch (ci->mid) {
+		switch (vm_ci_mid(ci)) {
 		  case idLength: SP_INSN(length); return COMPILE_OK;
 		  case idSize:	 SP_INSN(size);	  return COMPILE_OK;
 		  case idEmptyP: SP_INSN(empty_p);return COMPILE_OK;
+                  case idNilP:   SP_INSN(nil_p);  return COMPILE_OK;
 		  case idSucc:	 SP_INSN(succ);	  return COMPILE_OK;
 		  case idNot:	 SP_INSN(not);	  return COMPILE_OK;
 		}
 		break;
 	      case 1:
-		switch (ci->mid) {
+		switch (vm_ci_mid(ci)) {
 		  case idPLUS:	 SP_INSN(plus);	  return COMPILE_OK;
 		  case idMINUS:	 SP_INSN(minus);  return COMPILE_OK;
 		  case idMULT:	 SP_INSN(mult);	  return COMPILE_OK;
@@ -2028,24 +3473,28 @@ iseq_specialized_instruction(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj)
 		  case idMOD:	 SP_INSN(mod);	  return COMPILE_OK;
 		  case idEq:	 SP_INSN(eq);	  return COMPILE_OK;
 		  case idNeq:	 SP_INSN(neq);	  return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idEqTilde:SP_INSN(regexpmatch2);return COMPILE_OK;
 		  case idLT:	 SP_INSN(lt);	  return COMPILE_OK;
 		  case idLE:	 SP_INSN(le);	  return COMPILE_OK;
 		  case idGT:	 SP_INSN(gt);	  return COMPILE_OK;
 		  case idGE:	 SP_INSN(ge);	  return COMPILE_OK;
 		  case idLTLT:	 SP_INSN(ltlt);	  return COMPILE_OK;
 		  case idAREF:	 SP_INSN(aref);	  return COMPILE_OK;
+                  case idAnd:    SP_INSN(and);    return COMPILE_OK;
+                  case idOr:     SP_INSN(or);    return COMPILE_OK;
 		}
 		break;
 	      case 2:
-		switch (ci->mid) {
+		switch (vm_ci_mid(ci)) {
 		  case idASET:	 SP_INSN(aset);	  return COMPILE_OK;
 		}
 		break;
 	    }
 	}
 
-	if ((ci->flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG) == 0 && ci->blockiseq == NULL) {
+	if ((vm_ci_flag(ci) & VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG) == 0 && blockiseq == NULL) {
 	    iobj->insn_id = BIN(opt_send_without_block);
+	    iobj->operand_size = insn_len(iobj->insn_id) - 1;
 	}
     }
 #undef SP_INSN
@@ -2056,7 +3505,11 @@ iseq_specialized_instruction(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj)
 static inline int
 tailcallable_p(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
-    switch (iseq->type) {
+    switch (iseq->body->type) {
+      case ISEQ_TYPE_TOP:
+      case ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL:
+      case ISEQ_TYPE_MAIN:
+	/* not tail callable because cfp will be over popped */
       case ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE:
       case ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE:
 	/* rescue block can't tail call because of errinfo */
@@ -2067,21 +3520,21 @@ tailcallable_p(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 }
 
 static int
-iseq_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+iseq_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
     LINK_ELEMENT *list;
-    const int do_peepholeopt = iseq->compile_data->option->peephole_optimization;
+    const int do_peepholeopt = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->peephole_optimization;
     const int do_tailcallopt = tailcallable_p(iseq) &&
-	iseq->compile_data->option->tailcall_optimization;
-    const int do_si = iseq->compile_data->option->specialized_instruction;
-    const int do_ou = iseq->compile_data->option->operands_unification;
+	ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->tailcall_optimization;
+    const int do_si = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->specialized_instruction;
+    const int do_ou = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->operands_unification;
     int rescue_level = 0;
     int tailcallopt = do_tailcallopt;
 
     list = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor);
 
     while (list) {
-	if (list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN) {
+	if (IS_INSN(list)) {
 	    if (do_peepholeopt) {
 		iseq_peephole_optimize(iseq, list, tailcallopt);
 	    }
@@ -2092,7 +3545,7 @@ iseq_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 		insn_operands_unification((INSN *)list);
 	    }
 	}
-	if (list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL) {
+	if (IS_LABEL(list)) {
 	    switch (((LABEL *)list)->rescued) {
 	      case LABEL_RESCUE_BEG:
 		rescue_level++;
@@ -2127,8 +3580,7 @@ new_unified_insn(rb_iseq_t *iseq,
     }
 
     if (argc > 0) {
-	ptr = operands =
-	    (VALUE *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(VALUE) * argc);
+	ptr = operands = compile_data_alloc2(iseq, sizeof(VALUE), argc);
     }
 
     /* copy operands */
@@ -2140,7 +3592,7 @@ new_unified_insn(rb_iseq_t *iseq,
 	list = list->next;
     }
 
-    return new_insn_core(iseq, iobj->line_no, insn_id, argc, operands);
+    return new_insn_core(iseq, iobj->insn_info.line_no, insn_id, argc, operands);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -2150,7 +3602,7 @@ new_unified_insn(rb_iseq_t *iseq,
  * It's future work (if compile time was bottle neck).
  */
 static int
-iseq_insns_unification(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+iseq_insns_unification(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
 #if OPT_INSTRUCTIONS_UNIFICATION
     LINK_ELEMENT *list;
@@ -2160,7 +3612,7 @@ iseq_insns_unification(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 
     list = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor);
     while (list) {
-	if (list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN) {
+	if (IS_INSN(list)) {
 	    iobj = (INSN *)list;
 	    id = iobj->insn_id;
 	    if (unified_insns_data[id] != 0) {
@@ -2169,7 +3621,7 @@ iseq_insns_unification(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 		    const int *unified = entry[j];
 		    LINK_ELEMENT *li = list->next;
 		    for (k = 2; k < unified[1]; k++) {
-			if (li->type != ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN ||
+			if (!IS_INSN(li) ||
 			    ((INSN *)li)->insn_id != unified[k]) {
 			    goto miss;
 			}
@@ -2208,7 +3660,7 @@ iseq_insns_unification(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 #include "opt_sc.inc"
 
 static int
-insn_set_sc_state(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj, int state)
+insn_set_sc_state(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const LINK_ELEMENT *anchor, INSN *iobj, int state)
 {
     int nstate;
     int insn_id;
@@ -2223,12 +3675,12 @@ insn_set_sc_state(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj, int state)
 
 	if (lobj->sc_state != 0) {
 	    if (lobj->sc_state != nstate) {
-		dump_disasm_list((LINK_ELEMENT *)iobj);
-		dump_disasm_list((LINK_ELEMENT *)lobj);
-		printf("\n-- %d, %d\n", lobj->sc_state, nstate);
-		rb_compile_error(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->location.path), iobj->line_no,
-				 "insn_set_sc_state error\n");
-		return 0;
+		BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, iobj, lobj);
+		COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, iobj->insn_info.line_no,
+			      "insn_set_sc_state error: %d at "LABEL_FORMAT
+			      ", %d expected\n",
+			      lobj->sc_state, lobj->label_no, nstate);
+		return COMPILE_NG;
 	    }
 	}
 	else {
@@ -2264,7 +3716,7 @@ label_set_sc_state(LABEL *lobj, int state)
 #endif
 
 static int
-iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
 #if OPT_STACK_CACHING
     LINK_ELEMENT *list;
@@ -2295,7 +3747,7 @@ iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 				new_insn_body(iseq, 0, BIN(reput), 0);
 
 			    /* replace this insn */
-			    REPLACE_ELEM(list, (LINK_ELEMENT *)rpobj);
+			    ELEM_REPLACE(list, (LINK_ELEMENT *)rpobj);
 			    list = (LINK_ELEMENT *)rpobj;
 			    goto redo_point;
 			}
@@ -2306,7 +3758,7 @@ iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 			if (state == SCS_AB || state == SCS_BA) {
 			    state = (state == SCS_AB ? SCS_BA : SCS_AB);
 
-			    REMOVE_ELEM(list);
+			    ELEM_REMOVE(list);
 			    list = list->next;
 			    goto redo_point;
 			}
@@ -2328,11 +3780,12 @@ iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 			  case SCS_XX:
 			    goto normal_insn;
 			  default:
-			    rb_compile_error(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->location.path), iobj->line_no,
-					     "unreachable");
+			    COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, iobj->insn_info.line_no,
+					  "unreachable");
+			    return COMPILE_NG;
 			}
 			/* remove useless pop */
-			REMOVE_ELEM(list);
+			ELEM_REMOVE(list);
 			list = list->next;
 			goto redo_point;
 		    }
@@ -2340,7 +3793,7 @@ iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 		    /* none */
 		}		/* end of switch */
 	      normal_insn:
-		state = insn_set_sc_state(iseq, iobj, state);
+		state = insn_set_sc_state(iseq, anchor, iobj, state);
 		break;
 	    }
 	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL:
@@ -2360,116 +3813,242 @@ iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 }
 
 static int
-compile_dstr_fragments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE *node, int *cntp)
+all_string_result_p(const NODE *node)
+{
+    if (!node) return FALSE;
+    switch (nd_type(node)) {
+      case NODE_STR: case NODE_DSTR:
+	return TRUE;
+      case NODE_IF: case NODE_UNLESS:
+	if (!node->nd_body || !node->nd_else) return FALSE;
+	if (all_string_result_p(node->nd_body))
+	    return all_string_result_p(node->nd_else);
+	return FALSE;
+      case NODE_AND: case NODE_OR:
+	if (!node->nd_2nd)
+	    return all_string_result_p(node->nd_1st);
+	if (!all_string_result_p(node->nd_1st))
+	    return FALSE;
+	return all_string_result_p(node->nd_2nd);
+      default:
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+compile_dstr_fragments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int *cntp)
 {
-    NODE *list = node->nd_next;
+    const NODE *list = node->nd_next;
     VALUE lit = node->nd_lit;
+    LINK_ELEMENT *first_lit = 0;
     int cnt = 0;
 
     debugp_param("nd_lit", lit);
     if (!NIL_P(lit)) {
 	cnt++;
-	if (RB_TYPE_P(lit, T_STRING))
-	    lit = node->nd_lit = rb_fstring(node->nd_lit);
+	if (!RB_TYPE_P(lit, T_STRING)) {
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "dstr: must be string: %s",
+			  rb_builtin_type_name(TYPE(lit)));
+	    return COMPILE_NG;
+	}
+	lit = rb_fstring(lit);
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, lit);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, lit);
+	if (RSTRING_LEN(lit) == 0) first_lit = LAST_ELEMENT(ret);
     }
 
     while (list) {
-	node = list->nd_head;
-	if (nd_type(node) == NODE_STR) {
-	    node->nd_lit = rb_fstring(node->nd_lit);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, node->nd_lit);
+	const NODE *const head = list->nd_head;
+	if (nd_type(head) == NODE_STR) {
+	    lit = rb_fstring(head->nd_lit);
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(head), putobject, lit);
+            RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, lit);
+	    lit = Qnil;
 	}
 	else {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "each string", node);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "each string", head));
 	}
 	cnt++;
 	list = list->nd_next;
     }
+    if (NIL_P(lit) && first_lit) {
+	ELEM_REMOVE(first_lit);
+	--cnt;
+    }
     *cntp = cnt;
 
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
 static int
-compile_dstr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node)
+compile_dstr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node)
 {
     int cnt;
-    compile_dstr_fragments(iseq, ret, node, &cnt);
-    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), concatstrings, INT2FIX(cnt));
+    if (!node->nd_next) {
+        VALUE lit = rb_fstring(node->nd_lit);
+        const int line = (int)nd_line(node);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putstring, lit);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, lit);
+    }
+    else {
+        CHECK(compile_dstr_fragments(iseq, ret, node, &cnt));
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), concatstrings, INT2FIX(cnt));
+    }
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
 static int
-compile_dregx(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node)
+compile_dregx(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node)
 {
     int cnt;
-    compile_dstr_fragments(iseq, ret, node, &cnt);
+    CHECK(compile_dstr_fragments(iseq, ret, node, &cnt));
     ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), toregexp, INT2FIX(node->nd_cflag), INT2FIX(cnt));
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
 static int
-compile_branch_condition(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * cond,
+compile_flip_flop(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int again,
+		  LABEL *then_label, LABEL *else_label)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    rb_num_t cnt = ISEQ_FLIP_CNT_INCREMENT(iseq->body->local_iseq)
+	+ VM_SVAR_FLIPFLOP_START;
+    VALUE key = INT2FIX(cnt);
+
+    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getspecial, key, INT2FIX(0));
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, lend);
+
+    /* *flip == 0 */
+    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "flip2 beg", node->nd_beg));
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, else_label);
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qtrue);
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setspecial, key);
+    if (!again) {
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, then_label);
+    }
+
+    /* *flip == 1 */
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
+    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "flip2 end", node->nd_end));
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, then_label);
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qfalse);
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setspecial, key);
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, then_label);
+
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_branch_condition(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *cond,
 			 LABEL *then_label, LABEL *else_label)
 {
+  again:
     switch (nd_type(cond)) {
       case NODE_AND:
 	{
 	    LABEL *label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(cond));
-	    compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, cond->nd_1st, label,
-				     else_label);
+	    CHECK(compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, cond->nd_1st, label,
+					   else_label));
+            if (!label->refcnt) {
+                ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(cond), putnil);
+                break;
+            }
 	    ADD_LABEL(ret, label);
-	    compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, cond->nd_2nd, then_label,
-				     else_label);
-	    break;
+	    cond = cond->nd_2nd;
+	    goto again;
 	}
       case NODE_OR:
 	{
 	    LABEL *label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(cond));
-	    compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, cond->nd_1st, then_label,
-				     label);
+	    CHECK(compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, cond->nd_1st, then_label,
+					   label));
+            if (!label->refcnt) {
+                ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(cond), putnil);
+                break;
+            }
 	    ADD_LABEL(ret, label);
-	    compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, cond->nd_2nd, then_label,
-				     else_label);
-	    break;
+	    cond = cond->nd_2nd;
+	    goto again;
 	}
-      case NODE_LIT:		/* NODE_LIT is always not true */
+      case NODE_LIT:		/* NODE_LIT is always true */
       case NODE_TRUE:
       case NODE_STR:
+      case NODE_ZLIST:
+      case NODE_LAMBDA:
 	/* printf("useless condition eliminate (%s)\n",  ruby_node_name(nd_type(cond))); */
 	ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(cond), jump, then_label);
-	break;
+        return COMPILE_OK;
       case NODE_FALSE:
       case NODE_NIL:
 	/* printf("useless condition eliminate (%s)\n", ruby_node_name(nd_type(cond))); */
 	ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(cond), jump, else_label);
-	break;
-      default:
-	COMPILE(ret, "branch condition", cond);
-	ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(cond), branchunless, else_label);
+        return COMPILE_OK;
+      case NODE_LIST:
+      case NODE_ARGSCAT:
+      case NODE_DREGX:
+      case NODE_DSTR:
+	CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ret, "branch condition", cond));
 	ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(cond), jump, then_label);
-	break;
+        return COMPILE_OK;
+      case NODE_FLIP2:
+	CHECK(compile_flip_flop(iseq, ret, cond, TRUE, then_label, else_label));
+        return COMPILE_OK;
+      case NODE_FLIP3:
+	CHECK(compile_flip_flop(iseq, ret, cond, FALSE, then_label, else_label));
+        return COMPILE_OK;
+      case NODE_DEFINED:
+	CHECK(compile_defined_expr(iseq, ret, cond, Qfalse));
+        break;
+      default:
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "branch condition", cond));
+        break;
     }
+
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(cond), branchunless, else_label);
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(cond), jump, then_label);
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
+#define HASH_BRACE 1
+
 static int
-compile_array_keyword_arg(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, const NODE * const root_node, rb_call_info_kw_arg_t ** const kw_arg_ptr)
+keyword_node_p(const NODE *const node)
+{
+    return nd_type(node) == NODE_HASH && (node->nd_brace & HASH_BRACE) != HASH_BRACE;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_keyword_arg(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret,
+			  const NODE *const root_node,
+			  struct rb_callinfo_kwarg **const kw_arg_ptr,
+			  unsigned int *flag)
 {
     if (kw_arg_ptr == NULL) return FALSE;
 
-    if (nd_type(root_node) == NODE_HASH && root_node->nd_head && nd_type(root_node->nd_head) == NODE_ARRAY) {
-	NODE *node = root_node->nd_head;
+    if (root_node->nd_head && nd_type(root_node->nd_head) == NODE_LIST) {
+	const NODE *node = root_node->nd_head;
+        int seen_nodes = 0;
 
 	while (node) {
-	    NODE *key_node = node->nd_head;
+	    const NODE *key_node = node->nd_head;
+            seen_nodes++;
 
-	    assert(nd_type(node) == NODE_ARRAY);
-	    if (key_node && nd_type(key_node) == NODE_LIT && RB_TYPE_P(key_node->nd_lit, T_SYMBOL)) {
+	    assert(nd_type(node) == NODE_LIST);
+            if (key_node && nd_type(key_node) == NODE_LIT && RB_TYPE_P(key_node->nd_lit, T_SYMBOL)) {
 		/* can be keywords */
 	    }
 	    else {
+                if (flag) {
+                    *flag |= VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT;
+                    if (seen_nodes > 1 || node->nd_next->nd_next) {
+                        /* A new hash will be created for the keyword arguments
+                         * in this case, so mark the method as passing mutable
+                         * keyword splat.
+                         */
+                        *flag |= VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT_MUT;
+                    }
+                }
 		return FALSE;
 	    }
 	    node = node->nd_next; /* skip value node */
@@ -2480,7 +4059,8 @@ compile_array_keyword_arg(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, const NODE * const
 	node = root_node->nd_head;
 	{
 	    int len = (int)node->nd_alen / 2;
-	    rb_call_info_kw_arg_t *kw_arg  = (rb_call_info_kw_arg_t *)ruby_xmalloc(sizeof(rb_call_info_kw_arg_t) + sizeof(VALUE) * (len - 1));
+            struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *kw_arg =
+                rb_xmalloc_mul_add(len, sizeof(VALUE), sizeof(struct rb_callinfo_kwarg));
 	    VALUE *keywords = kw_arg->keywords;
 	    int i = 0;
 	    kw_arg->keyword_len = len;
@@ -2488,10 +4068,10 @@ compile_array_keyword_arg(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, const NODE * const
 	    *kw_arg_ptr = kw_arg;
 
 	    for (i=0; node != NULL; i++, node = node->nd_next->nd_next) {
-		NODE *key_node = node->nd_head;
-		NODE *val_node = node->nd_next->nd_head;
+		const NODE *key_node = node->nd_head;
+		const NODE *val_node = node->nd_next->nd_head;
 		keywords[i] = key_node->nd_lit;
-		COMPILE(ret, "keyword values", val_node);
+                NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "keyword values", val_node));
 	    }
 	    assert(i == len);
 	    return TRUE;
@@ -2500,176 +4080,404 @@ compile_array_keyword_arg(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, const NODE * const
     return FALSE;
 }
 
-enum compile_array_type_t {
-    COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_ARRAY,
-    COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_HASH,
-    COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_ARGS
-};
+static int
+compile_args(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *node,
+                   struct rb_callinfo_kwarg **keywords_ptr, unsigned int *flag)
+{
+    int len = 0;
+
+    for (; node; len++, node = node->nd_next) {
+        if (CPDEBUG > 0) {
+            EXPECT_NODE("compile_args", node, NODE_LIST, -1);
+        }
+
+        if (node->nd_next == NULL && keyword_node_p(node->nd_head)) { /* last node */
+            if (compile_keyword_arg(iseq, ret, node->nd_head, keywords_ptr, flag)) {
+                len--;
+            }
+            else {
+                compile_hash(iseq, ret, node->nd_head, TRUE, FALSE);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "array element", node->nd_head, FALSE));
+        }
+    }
+
+    return len;
+}
+
+static inline int
+static_literal_node_p(const NODE *node, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    node = node->nd_head;
+    switch (nd_type(node)) {
+      case NODE_LIT:
+      case NODE_NIL:
+      case NODE_TRUE:
+      case NODE_FALSE:
+	return TRUE;
+      case NODE_STR:
+        return ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->frozen_string_literal;
+      default:
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline VALUE
+static_literal_value(const NODE *node, rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    node = node->nd_head;
+    switch (nd_type(node)) {
+      case NODE_NIL:
+	return Qnil;
+      case NODE_TRUE:
+	return Qtrue;
+      case NODE_FALSE:
+	return Qfalse;
+      case NODE_STR:
+        if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->debug_frozen_string_literal || RTEST(ruby_debug)) {
+            VALUE lit;
+            VALUE debug_info = rb_ary_new_from_args(2, rb_iseq_path(iseq), INT2FIX((int)nd_line(node)));
+            lit = rb_str_dup(node->nd_lit);
+            rb_ivar_set(lit, id_debug_created_info, rb_obj_freeze(debug_info));
+            return rb_str_freeze(lit);
+        }
+        else {
+            return rb_fstring(node->nd_lit);
+        }
+      default:
+	return node->nd_lit;
+    }
+}
 
 static int
-compile_array_(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE* node_root,
-	       enum compile_array_type_t type, rb_call_info_kw_arg_t **keywords_ptr, int poped)
+compile_array(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *node, int popped)
 {
-    NODE *node = node_root;
     int line = (int)nd_line(node);
-    int len = 0;
 
-    if (nd_type(node) == NODE_ZARRAY) {
-	if (!poped) {
-	    switch (type) {
-	      case COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_ARRAY: ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newarray, INT2FIX(0)); break;
-	      case COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_HASH: ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newhash, INT2FIX(0)); break;
-	      case COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_ARGS: /* do nothing */ break;
-	    }
+    if (nd_type(node) == NODE_ZLIST) {
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newarray, INT2FIX(0));
 	}
+        return 0;
     }
-    else {
-	int opt_p = 1;
-	int first = 1, i;
 
-	while (node) {
-	    NODE *start_node = node, *end_node;
-	    NODE *kw = 0;
-	    const int max = 0x100;
-	    DECL_ANCHOR(anchor);
-	    INIT_ANCHOR(anchor);
-
-	    for (i=0; i<max && node; i++, len++, node = node->nd_next) {
-		if (CPDEBUG > 0 && nd_type(node) != NODE_ARRAY) {
-		    rb_bug("compile_array: This node is not NODE_ARRAY, but %s", ruby_node_name(nd_type(node)));
-		}
+    EXPECT_NODE("compile_array", node, NODE_LIST, -1);
 
-		if (type != COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_ARRAY && !node->nd_head) {
-		    kw = node->nd_next;
-		    node = 0;
-		    if (kw) {
-			opt_p = 0;
-			node = kw->nd_next;
-			kw = kw->nd_head;
-		    }
-		    break;
-		}
-		if (opt_p && nd_type(node->nd_head) != NODE_LIT) {
-		    opt_p = 0;
-		}
+    if (popped) {
+        for (; node; node = node->nd_next) {
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "array element", node->nd_head, popped));
+        }
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    /* Compilation of an array literal.
+     * The following code is essentially the same as:
+     *
+     *     for (int count = 0; node; count++; node->nd_next) {
+     *         compile(node->nd_head);
+     *     }
+     *     ADD_INSN(newarray, count);
+     *
+     * However, there are three points.
+     *
+     * - The code above causes stack overflow for a big string literal.
+     *   The following limits the stack length up to max_stack_len.
+     *
+     *   [x1,x2,...,x10000] =>
+     *     push x1  ; push x2  ; ...; push x256; newarray 256;
+     *     push x257; push x258; ...; push x512; newarray 256; concatarray;
+     *     push x513; push x514; ...; push x768; newarray 256; concatarray;
+     *     ...
+     *
+     * - Long subarray can be optimized by pre-allocating a hidden array.
+     *
+     *   [1,2,3,...,100] =>
+     *     duparray [1,2,3,...,100]
+     *
+     *   [x, 1,2,3,...,100, z] =>
+     *     push x; newarray 1;
+     *     putobject [1,2,3,...,100] (<- hidden array); concatarray;
+     *     push z; newarray 1; concatarray
+     *
+     * - If the last element is a keyword, newarraykwsplat should be emitted
+     *   to check and remove empty keyword arguments hash from array.
+     *   (Note: a keyword is NODE_HASH which is not static_literal_node_p.)
+     *
+     *   [1,2,3,**kw] =>
+     *     putobject 1; putobject 2; putobject 3; push kw; newarraykwsplat
+     */
 
-		if (type == COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_ARGS && node->nd_next == NULL /* last node */ && compile_array_keyword_arg(iseq, anchor, node->nd_head, keywords_ptr)) {
-		    len--;
-		}
-		else {
-		    COMPILE_(anchor, "array element", node->nd_head, poped);
-		}
-	    }
+    const int max_stack_len = 0x100;
+    const int min_tmp_ary_len = 0x40;
+    int stack_len = 0;
+    int first_chunk = 1;
+
+    /* Convert pushed elements to an array, and concatarray if needed */
+#define FLUSH_CHUNK(newarrayinsn)                               \
+    if (stack_len) {                                            \
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newarrayinsn, INT2FIX(stack_len)); \
+        if (!first_chunk) ADD_INSN(ret, line, concatarray);     \
+        first_chunk = stack_len = 0;                            \
+    }
+
+    while (node) {
+        int count = 1;
+
+        /* pre-allocation check (this branch can be omittable) */
+        if (static_literal_node_p(node, iseq)) {
+            /* count the elements that are optimizable */
+            const NODE *node_tmp = node->nd_next;
+            for (; node_tmp && static_literal_node_p(node_tmp, iseq); node_tmp = node_tmp->nd_next)
+                count++;
+
+            if ((first_chunk && stack_len == 0 && !node_tmp) || count >= min_tmp_ary_len) {
+                /* The literal contains only optimizable elements, or the subarray is long enough */
+                VALUE ary = rb_ary_tmp_new(count);
+
+                /* Create a hidden array */
+                for (; count; count--, node = node->nd_next)
+                    rb_ary_push(ary, static_literal_value(node, iseq));
+                OBJ_FREEZE(ary);
+
+                /* Emit optimized code */
+                FLUSH_CHUNK(newarray);
+                if (first_chunk) {
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, duparray, ary);
+                    first_chunk = 0;
+                }
+                else {
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ary);
+                    ADD_INSN(ret, line, concatarray);
+                }
+                RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, ary);
+            }
+        }
 
-	    if (opt_p && type != COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_ARGS) {
-		if (!poped) {
-		    VALUE ary = rb_ary_tmp_new(i);
+        /* Base case: Compile "count" elements */
+        for (; count; count--, node = node->nd_next) {
+            if (CPDEBUG > 0) {
+                EXPECT_NODE("compile_array", node, NODE_LIST, -1);
+            }
 
-		    end_node = node;
-		    node = start_node;
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "array element", node->nd_head, 0));
+            stack_len++;
 
-		    while (node != end_node) {
-			rb_ary_push(ary, node->nd_head->nd_lit);
-			node = node->nd_next;
-		    }
-		    while (node && nd_type(node->nd_head) == NODE_LIT &&
-			   node->nd_next && nd_type(node->nd_next->nd_head) == NODE_LIT) {
-			rb_ary_push(ary, node->nd_head->nd_lit);
-			node = node->nd_next;
-			rb_ary_push(ary, node->nd_head->nd_lit);
-			node = node->nd_next;
-			len++;
-		    }
+            if (!node->nd_next && keyword_node_p(node->nd_head)) {
+                /* Reached the end, and the last element is a keyword */
+                FLUSH_CHUNK(newarraykwsplat);
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+            /* If there are many pushed elements, flush them to avoid stack overflow */
+            if (stack_len >= max_stack_len) FLUSH_CHUNK(newarray);
+        }
+    }
 
-		    OBJ_FREEZE(ary);
+    FLUSH_CHUNK(newarray);
+#undef FLUSH_CHUNK
+    return 1;
+}
 
-		    iseq_add_mark_object_compile_time(iseq, ary);
+static inline int
+static_literal_node_pair_p(const NODE *node, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return node->nd_head && static_literal_node_p(node, iseq) && static_literal_node_p(node->nd_next, iseq);
+}
 
-		    if (first) {
-			first = 0;
-			if (type == COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_ARRAY) {
-			    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, duparray, ary);
-			}
-			else { /* COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_HASH */
-			    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
-			    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ary);
-			    ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_hash_from_ary, INT2FIX(1));
-			}
-		    }
-		    else {
-			if (type == COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_ARRAY) {
-			    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ary);
-			    ADD_INSN(ret, line, concatarray);
-			}
-			else {
-			    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
-			    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ary);
-			    ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_hash_merge_ary, INT2FIX(1));
-			}
-		    }
-		}
-	    }
-	    else {
-		if (!poped) {
-		    switch (type) {
-		      case COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_ARRAY:
-			ADD_INSN1(anchor, line, newarray, INT2FIX(i));
+static int
+compile_hash(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *node, int method_call_keywords, int popped)
+{
+    int line = (int)nd_line(node);
 
-			if (first) {
-			    first = 0;
-			}
-			else {
-			    ADD_INSN(anchor, line, concatarray);
-			}
+    node = node->nd_head;
 
-			APPEND_LIST(ret, anchor);
-			break;
-		      case COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_HASH:
-			if (i > 0) {
-			    if (first) {
-				ADD_INSN1(anchor, line, newhash, INT2FIX(i));
-				APPEND_LIST(ret, anchor);
-			    }
-			    else {
-				ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
-				ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
-				APPEND_LIST(ret, anchor);
-				ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_hash_merge_ptr, INT2FIX(i + 1));
-			    }
-			}
-			if (kw) {
-			    VALUE nhash = (i > 0 || !first) ? INT2FIX(2) : INT2FIX(1);
-			    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
-			    if (i > 0 || !first) ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
-			    COMPILE(ret, "keyword splat", kw);
-			    ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_hash_merge_kwd, nhash);
-			    if (nhash == INT2FIX(1)) ADD_SEND(ret, line, rb_intern("dup"), INT2FIX(0));
-			}
-			first = 0;
-			break;
-		      case COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_ARGS:
-			APPEND_LIST(ret, anchor);
-			break;
-		    }
-		}
-		else {
-		    /* poped */
-		    APPEND_LIST(ret, anchor);
-		}
-	    }
+    if (!node || nd_type(node) == NODE_ZLIST) {
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newhash, INT2FIX(0));
 	}
+        return 0;
     }
-    return len;
-}
 
-static VALUE
-compile_array(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE* node_root, enum compile_array_type_t type)
-{
-    return compile_array_(iseq, ret, node_root, type, NULL, 0);
+    EXPECT_NODE("compile_hash", node, NODE_LIST, -1);
+
+    if (popped) {
+        for (; node; node = node->nd_next) {
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "hash element", node->nd_head, popped));
+        }
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    /* Compilation of a hash literal (or keyword arguments).
+     * This is very similar to compile_array, but there are some differences:
+     *
+     * - It contains key-value pairs.  So we need to take every two elements.
+     *   We can assume that the length is always even.
+     *
+     * - Merging is done by a method call (id_core_hash_merge_ptr).
+     *   Sometimes we need to insert the receiver, so "anchor" is needed.
+     *   In addition, a method call is much slower than concatarray.
+     *   So it pays only when the subsequence is really long.
+     *   (min_tmp_hash_len must be much larger than min_tmp_ary_len.)
+     *
+     * - We need to handle keyword splat: **kw.
+     *   For **kw, the key part (node->nd_head) is NULL, and the value part
+     *   (node->nd_next->nd_head) is "kw".
+     *   The code is a bit difficult to avoid hash allocation for **{}.
+     */
+
+    const int max_stack_len = 0x100;
+    const int min_tmp_hash_len = 0x800;
+    int stack_len = 0;
+    int first_chunk = 1;
+    DECL_ANCHOR(anchor);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(anchor);
+
+    /* Convert pushed elements to a hash, and merge if needed */
+#define FLUSH_CHUNK()                                                                   \
+    if (stack_len) {                                                                    \
+        if (first_chunk) {                                                              \
+            APPEND_LIST(ret, anchor);                                                   \
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newhash, INT2FIX(stack_len));                          \
+        }                                                                               \
+        else {                                                                          \
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));  \
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);                                                  \
+            APPEND_LIST(ret, anchor);                                                   \
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_hash_merge_ptr, INT2FIX(stack_len + 1));        \
+        }                                                                               \
+        INIT_ANCHOR(anchor);                                                            \
+        first_chunk = stack_len = 0;                                                    \
+    }
+
+    while (node) {
+        int count = 1;
+
+        /* pre-allocation check (this branch can be omittable) */
+        if (static_literal_node_pair_p(node, iseq)) {
+            /* count the elements that are optimizable */
+            const NODE *node_tmp = node->nd_next->nd_next;
+            for (; node_tmp && static_literal_node_pair_p(node_tmp, iseq); node_tmp = node_tmp->nd_next->nd_next)
+                count++;
+
+            if ((first_chunk && stack_len == 0 && !node_tmp) || count >= min_tmp_hash_len) {
+                /* The literal contains only optimizable elements, or the subsequence is long enough */
+                VALUE ary = rb_ary_tmp_new(count);
+
+                /* Create a hidden hash */
+                for (; count; count--, node = node->nd_next->nd_next) {
+                    VALUE elem[2];
+                    elem[0] = static_literal_value(node, iseq);
+                    elem[1] = static_literal_value(node->nd_next, iseq);
+                    rb_ary_cat(ary, elem, 2);
+                }
+                VALUE hash = rb_hash_new_with_size(RARRAY_LEN(ary) / 2);
+                rb_hash_bulk_insert(RARRAY_LEN(ary), RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary), hash);
+                hash = rb_obj_hide(hash);
+                OBJ_FREEZE(hash);
+
+                /* Emit optimized code */
+                FLUSH_CHUNK();
+                if (first_chunk) {
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, duphash, hash);
+                    first_chunk = 0;
+                }
+                else {
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
+                    ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, hash);
+
+                    ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_hash_merge_kwd, INT2FIX(2));
+                }
+                RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, hash);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* Base case: Compile "count" elements */
+        for (; count; count--, node = node->nd_next->nd_next) {
+
+            if (CPDEBUG > 0) {
+                EXPECT_NODE("compile_hash", node, NODE_LIST, -1);
+            }
+
+            if (node->nd_head) {
+                /* Normal key-value pair */
+                NO_CHECK(COMPILE_(anchor, "hash key element", node->nd_head, 0));
+                NO_CHECK(COMPILE_(anchor, "hash value element", node->nd_next->nd_head, 0));
+                stack_len += 2;
+
+                /* If there are many pushed elements, flush them to avoid stack overflow */
+                if (stack_len >= max_stack_len) FLUSH_CHUNK();
+            }
+            else {
+                /* kwsplat case: foo(..., **kw, ...) */
+                FLUSH_CHUNK();
+
+                const NODE *kw = node->nd_next->nd_head;
+                int empty_kw = nd_type(kw) == NODE_LIT && RB_TYPE_P(kw->nd_lit, T_HASH); /* foo(  ..., **{}, ...) */
+                int first_kw = first_chunk && stack_len == 0; /* foo(1,2,3, **kw, ...) */
+                int last_kw = !node->nd_next->nd_next;        /* foo(  ..., **kw) */
+                int only_kw = last_kw && first_kw;            /* foo(1,2,3, **kw) */
+
+                if (empty_kw) {
+                    if (only_kw && method_call_keywords) {
+                        /* **{} appears at the only keyword argument in method call,
+                         * so it won't be modified.
+                         * kw is a special NODE_LIT that contains a special empty hash,
+                         * so this emits: putobject {}.
+                         * This is only done for method calls and not for literal hashes,
+                         * because literal hashes should always result in a new hash.
+                         */
+                        NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "keyword splat", kw));
+                    }
+                    else if (first_kw) {
+                        /* **{} appears as the first keyword argument, so it may be modified.
+                         * We need to create a fresh hash object.
+                         */
+                        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newhash, INT2FIX(0));
+                    }
+                    /* Any empty keyword splats that are not the first can be ignored.
+                     * since merging an empty hash into the existing hash is the same
+                     * as not merging it. */
+                }
+                else {
+                    if (only_kw && method_call_keywords) {
+                        /* **kw is only keyword argument in method call.
+                         * Use directly.  This will be not be flagged as mutable.
+                         * This is only done for method calls and not for literal hashes,
+                         * because literal hashes should always result in a new hash.
+                         */
+                        NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "keyword splat", kw));
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        /* There is more than one keyword argument, or this is not a method
+                         * call.  In that case, we need to add an empty hash (if first keyword),
+                         * or merge the hash to the accumulated hash (if not the first keyword).
+                         */
+                        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
+                        if (first_kw) ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newhash, INT2FIX(0));
+                        else ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+
+                        NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "keyword splat", kw));
+
+                        ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_hash_merge_kwd, INT2FIX(2));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                first_chunk = 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    FLUSH_CHUNK();
+#undef FLUSH_CHUNK
+    return 1;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-case_when_optimizable_literal(NODE * node)
+VALUE
+rb_node_case_when_optimizable_literal(const NODE *const node)
 {
     switch (nd_type(node)) {
       case NODE_LIT: {
@@ -2684,40 +4492,43 @@ case_when_optimizable_literal(NODE * node)
 	}
 	break;
       }
+      case NODE_NIL:
+	return Qnil;
+      case NODE_TRUE:
+	return Qtrue;
+      case NODE_FALSE:
+	return Qfalse;
       case NODE_STR:
-	return node->nd_lit = rb_fstring(node->nd_lit);
+	return rb_fstring(node->nd_lit);
     }
     return Qundef;
 }
 
 static int
-when_vals(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *cond_seq, NODE *vals, LABEL *l1, int only_special_literals, VALUE literals)
+when_vals(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const cond_seq, const NODE *vals,
+	  LABEL *l1, int only_special_literals, VALUE literals)
 {
     while (vals) {
-	NODE* val = vals->nd_head;
-	VALUE lit = case_when_optimizable_literal(val);
+	const NODE *val = vals->nd_head;
+        VALUE lit = rb_node_case_when_optimizable_literal(val);
 
 	if (lit == Qundef) {
 	    only_special_literals = 0;
 	}
-	else {
-	    if (rb_hash_lookup(literals, lit) != Qnil) {
-		rb_compile_warning(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->location.path), nd_line(val), "duplicated when clause is ignored");
-	    }
-	    else {
-		rb_hash_aset(literals, lit, (VALUE)(l1) | 1);
-	    }
+        else if (NIL_P(rb_hash_lookup(literals, lit))) {
+            rb_hash_aset(literals, lit, (VALUE)(l1) | 1);
 	}
 
 	ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(val), dup); /* dup target */
 
 	if (nd_type(val) == NODE_STR) {
-	    val->nd_lit = rb_fstring(val->nd_lit);
 	    debugp_param("nd_lit", val->nd_lit);
-	    ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, nd_line(val), putobject, val->nd_lit);
+	    lit = rb_fstring(val->nd_lit);
+	    ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, nd_line(val), putobject, lit);
+            RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, lit);
 	}
 	else {
-	    COMPILE(cond_seq, "when cond", val);
+	    if (!COMPILE(cond_seq, "when cond", val)) return -1;
 	}
 
 	ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, nd_line(vals), checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_CASE));
@@ -2728,26 +4539,72 @@ when_vals(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *cond_seq, NODE *vals, LABEL *l1, int onl
 }
 
 static int
-compile_massign_lhs(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE *node)
+when_splat_vals(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const cond_seq, const NODE *vals,
+                LABEL *l1, int only_special_literals, VALUE literals)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(vals);
+
+    switch (nd_type(vals)) {
+      case NODE_LIST:
+        if (when_vals(iseq, cond_seq, vals, l1, only_special_literals, literals) < 0)
+            return COMPILE_NG;
+        break;
+      case NODE_SPLAT:
+        ADD_INSN (cond_seq, line, dup);
+        CHECK(COMPILE(cond_seq, "when splat", vals->nd_head));
+        ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, line, splatarray, Qfalse);
+        ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_CASE | VM_CHECKMATCH_ARRAY));
+        ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, line, branchif, l1);
+        break;
+      case NODE_ARGSCAT:
+        CHECK(when_splat_vals(iseq, cond_seq, vals->nd_head, l1, only_special_literals, literals));
+        CHECK(when_splat_vals(iseq, cond_seq, vals->nd_body, l1, only_special_literals, literals));
+        break;
+      case NODE_ARGSPUSH:
+        CHECK(when_splat_vals(iseq, cond_seq, vals->nd_head, l1, only_special_literals, literals));
+        ADD_INSN (cond_seq, line, dup);
+        CHECK(COMPILE(cond_seq, "when argspush body", vals->nd_body));
+        ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_CASE));
+        ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, line, branchif, l1);
+        break;
+      default:
+        ADD_INSN (cond_seq, line, dup);
+        CHECK(COMPILE(cond_seq, "when val", vals));
+        ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, line, splatarray, Qfalse);
+        ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_CASE | VM_CHECKMATCH_ARRAY));
+        ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, line, branchif, l1);
+        break;
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+
+static int
+compile_massign_lhs(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node)
 {
     switch (nd_type(node)) {
       case NODE_ATTRASGN: {
 	INSN *iobj;
-	rb_call_info_t *ci;
 	VALUE dupidx;
 	int line = nd_line(node);
 
-	COMPILE_POPED(ret, "masgn lhs (NODE_ATTRASGN)", node);
+	CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ret, "masgn lhs (NODE_ATTRASGN)", node));
 
 	iobj = (INSN *)get_prev_insn((INSN *)LAST_ELEMENT(ret)); /* send insn */
-	ci = (rb_call_info_t *)iobj->operands[0];
-	ci->orig_argc += 1;
-	dupidx = INT2FIX(ci->orig_argc);
+        const struct rb_callinfo *ci = (struct rb_callinfo *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0);
+        int argc = vm_ci_argc(ci) + 1;
+        ci = ci_argc_set(iseq, ci, argc);
+        OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0) = (VALUE)ci;
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, ci);
+        dupidx = INT2FIX(argc);
 
 	INSERT_BEFORE_INSN1(iobj, line, topn, dupidx);
-	if (ci->flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT) {
-	    --ci->orig_argc;
-	    INSERT_BEFORE_INSN1(iobj, line, newarray, INT2FIX(1));
+	if (vm_ci_flag(ci) & VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT) {
+            int argc = vm_ci_argc(ci);
+            ci = ci_argc_set(iseq, ci, argc - 1);
+            OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0) = (VALUE)ci;
+            RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, iobj);
+            INSERT_BEFORE_INSN1(iobj, line, newarray, INT2FIX(1));
 	    INSERT_BEFORE_INSN(iobj, line, concatarray);
 	}
 	ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);	/* result */
@@ -2756,16 +4613,16 @@ compile_massign_lhs(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE *node)
       case NODE_MASGN: {
 	DECL_ANCHOR(anchor);
 	INIT_ANCHOR(anchor);
-	COMPILE_POPED(anchor, "nest masgn lhs", node);
-	REMOVE_ELEM(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
+	CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(anchor, "nest masgn lhs", node));
+	ELEM_REMOVE(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
 	ADD_SEQ(ret, anchor);
 	break;
       }
       default: {
 	DECL_ANCHOR(anchor);
 	INIT_ANCHOR(anchor);
-	COMPILE_POPED(anchor, "masgn lhs", node);
-	REMOVE_ELEM(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
+	CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(anchor, "masgn lhs", node));
+	ELEM_REMOVE(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
 	ADD_SEQ(ret, anchor);
       }
     }
@@ -2773,25 +4630,26 @@ compile_massign_lhs(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE *node)
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
-static void
-compile_massign_opt_lhs(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE *lhsn)
+static int
+compile_massign_opt_lhs(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *lhsn)
 {
     if (lhsn) {
-	compile_massign_opt_lhs(iseq, ret, lhsn->nd_next);
-	compile_massign_lhs(iseq, ret, lhsn->nd_head);
+	CHECK(compile_massign_opt_lhs(iseq, ret, lhsn->nd_next));
+	CHECK(compile_massign_lhs(iseq, ret, lhsn->nd_head));
     }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
 static int
-compile_massign_opt(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret,
-		    NODE *rhsn, NODE *orig_lhsn)
+compile_massign_opt(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret,
+		    const NODE *rhsn, const NODE *orig_lhsn)
 {
     VALUE mem[64];
     const int memsize = numberof(mem);
     int memindex = 0;
     int llen = 0, rlen = 0;
     int i;
-    NODE *lhsn = orig_lhsn;
+    const NODE *lhsn = orig_lhsn;
 
 #define MEMORY(v) { \
     int i; \
@@ -2802,12 +4660,12 @@ compile_massign_opt(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret,
     mem[memindex++] = (v); \
 }
 
-    if (rhsn == 0 || nd_type(rhsn) != NODE_ARRAY) {
+    if (rhsn == 0 || nd_type(rhsn) != NODE_LIST) {
 	return 0;
     }
 
     while (lhsn) {
-	NODE *ln = lhsn->nd_head;
+	const NODE *ln = lhsn->nd_head;
 	switch (nd_type(ln)) {
 	  case NODE_LASGN:
 	    MEMORY(ln->nd_vid);
@@ -2815,7 +4673,6 @@ compile_massign_opt(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret,
 	  case NODE_DASGN:
 	  case NODE_DASGN_CURR:
 	  case NODE_IASGN:
-	  case NODE_IASGN2:
 	  case NODE_CVASGN:
 	    MEMORY(ln->nd_vid);
 	    break;
@@ -2828,10 +4685,10 @@ compile_massign_opt(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret,
 
     while (rhsn) {
 	if (llen <= rlen) {
-	    COMPILE_POPED(ret, "masgn val (popped)", rhsn->nd_head);
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ret, "masgn val (popped)", rhsn->nd_head));
 	}
 	else {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "masgn val", rhsn->nd_head);
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "masgn val", rhsn->nd_head));
 	}
 	rhsn = rhsn->nd_next;
 	rlen++;
@@ -2847,58 +4704,96 @@ compile_massign_opt(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret,
     return 1;
 }
 
+static void
+adjust_stack(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, int line, int rlen, int llen)
+{
+    if (rlen < llen) {
+	do {ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);} while (++rlen < llen);
+    }
+    else if (rlen > llen) {
+	do {ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);} while (--rlen > llen);
+    }
+}
+
 static int
-compile_massign(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE *node, int poped)
+compile_massign(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
 {
-    NODE *rhsn = node->nd_value;
-    NODE *splatn = node->nd_args;
-    NODE *lhsn = node->nd_head;
-    int lhs_splat = (splatn && (VALUE)splatn != (VALUE)-1) ? 1 : 0;
+    const NODE *rhsn = node->nd_value;
+    const NODE *splatn = node->nd_args;
+    const NODE *lhsn = node->nd_head;
+    int lhs_splat = (splatn && NODE_NAMED_REST_P(splatn)) ? 1 : 0;
 
-    if (!poped || splatn || !compile_massign_opt(iseq, ret, rhsn, lhsn)) {
+    if (!popped || splatn || !compile_massign_opt(iseq, ret, rhsn, lhsn)) {
 	int llen = 0;
+	int expand = 1;
 	DECL_ANCHOR(lhsseq);
 
 	INIT_ANCHOR(lhsseq);
 
 	while (lhsn) {
-	    compile_massign_lhs(iseq, lhsseq, lhsn->nd_head);
+	    CHECK(compile_massign_lhs(iseq, lhsseq, lhsn->nd_head));
 	    llen += 1;
 	    lhsn = lhsn->nd_next;
 	}
 
-	COMPILE(ret, "normal masgn rhs", rhsn);
+        NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "normal masgn rhs", rhsn));
 
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), dup);
 	}
-
-	ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), expandarray,
-		  INT2FIX(llen), INT2FIX(lhs_splat));
+	else if (!lhs_splat) {
+	    INSN *last = (INSN*)ret->last;
+	    if (IS_INSN(&last->link) &&
+		IS_INSN_ID(last, newarray) &&
+		last->operand_size == 1) {
+		int rlen = FIX2INT(OPERAND_AT(last, 0));
+		/* special case: assign to aset or attrset */
+		if (llen == 2) {
+		    POP_ELEMENT(ret);
+		    adjust_stack(iseq, ret, nd_line(node), rlen, llen);
+		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), swap);
+		    expand = 0;
+		}
+		else if (llen > 2 && llen != rlen) {
+		    POP_ELEMENT(ret);
+		    adjust_stack(iseq, ret, nd_line(node), rlen, llen);
+		    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), reverse, INT2FIX(llen));
+		    expand = 0;
+		}
+		else if (llen > 2) {
+		    last->insn_id = BIN(reverse);
+		    expand = 0;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	if (expand) {
+	    ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), expandarray,
+		      INT2FIX(llen), INT2FIX(lhs_splat));
+	}
 	ADD_SEQ(ret, lhsseq);
 
 	if (lhs_splat) {
 	    if (nd_type(splatn) == NODE_POSTARG) {
 		/*a, b, *r, p1, p2 */
-		NODE *postn = splatn->nd_2nd;
-		NODE *restn = splatn->nd_1st;
+		const NODE *postn = splatn->nd_2nd;
+		const NODE *restn = splatn->nd_1st;
 		int num = (int)postn->nd_alen;
-		int flag = 0x02 | (((VALUE)restn == (VALUE)-1) ? 0x00 : 0x01);
+		int flag = 0x02 | (NODE_NAMED_REST_P(restn) ? 0x01 : 0x00);
 
 		ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(splatn), expandarray,
 			  INT2FIX(num), INT2FIX(flag));
 
-		if ((VALUE)restn != (VALUE)-1) {
-		    compile_massign_lhs(iseq, ret, restn);
+		if (NODE_NAMED_REST_P(restn)) {
+		    CHECK(compile_massign_lhs(iseq, ret, restn));
 		}
 		while (postn) {
-		    compile_massign_lhs(iseq, ret, postn->nd_head);
+		    CHECK(compile_massign_lhs(iseq, ret, postn->nd_head));
 		    postn = postn->nd_next;
 		}
 	    }
 	    else {
 		/* a, b, *r */
-		compile_massign_lhs(iseq, ret, splatn);
+		CHECK(compile_massign_lhs(iseq, ret, splatn));
 	    }
 	}
     }
@@ -2906,62 +4801,77 @@ compile_massign(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE *node, int poped)
 }
 
 static int
-compile_colon2(rb_iseq_t *iseq, NODE * node,
-	       LINK_ANCHOR *pref, LINK_ANCHOR *body)
+compile_const_prefix(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *const node,
+		     LINK_ANCHOR *const pref, LINK_ANCHOR *const body)
 {
     switch (nd_type(node)) {
       case NODE_CONST:
-	debugi("compile_colon2 - colon", node->nd_vid);
-	ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
+	debugi("compile_const_prefix - colon", node->nd_vid);
+        ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), putobject, Qtrue);
+        ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
 	break;
       case NODE_COLON3:
-	debugi("compile_colon2 - colon3", node->nd_mid);
+	debugi("compile_const_prefix - colon3", node->nd_mid);
 	ADD_INSN(body, nd_line(node), pop);
 	ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), putobject, rb_cObject);
-	ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
+        ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), putobject, Qtrue);
+        ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
 	break;
       case NODE_COLON2:
-	compile_colon2(iseq, node->nd_head, pref, body);
-	debugi("compile_colon2 - colon2", node->nd_mid);
-	ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
+	CHECK(compile_const_prefix(iseq, node->nd_head, pref, body));
+	debugi("compile_const_prefix - colon2", node->nd_mid);
+        ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), putobject, Qfalse);
+        ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
 	break;
       default:
-	COMPILE(pref, "const colon2 prefix", node);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(pref, "const colon2 prefix", node));
 	break;
     }
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-compile_cpath(LINK_ANCHOR *ret, rb_iseq_t *iseq, NODE *cpath)
+static int
+compile_cpath(LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *cpath)
 {
     if (nd_type(cpath) == NODE_COLON3) {
 	/* toplevel class ::Foo */
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(cpath), putobject, rb_cObject);
-	return Qfalse;
+	return VM_DEFINECLASS_FLAG_SCOPED;
     }
     else if (cpath->nd_head) {
 	/* Bar::Foo */
-	COMPILE(ret, "nd_else->nd_head", cpath->nd_head);
-	return Qfalse;
+        NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "nd_else->nd_head", cpath->nd_head));
+	return VM_DEFINECLASS_FLAG_SCOPED;
     }
     else {
 	/* class at cbase Foo */
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(cpath), putspecialobject,
 		  INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_CONST_BASE));
-	return Qtrue;
+	return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline int
+private_recv_p(const NODE *node)
+{
+    if (nd_type(node->nd_recv) == NODE_SELF) {
+        NODE *self = node->nd_recv;
+        return self->nd_state != 0;
     }
+    return 0;
 }
 
-#define private_recv_p(node) (nd_type((node)->nd_recv) == NODE_SELF)
+static void
+defined_expr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret,
+	     const NODE *const node, LABEL **lfinish, VALUE needstr);
 
-#define defined_expr defined_expr0
-static int
-defined_expr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret,
-	     NODE *node, LABEL **lfinish, VALUE needstr)
+static void
+defined_expr0(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret,
+	      const NODE *const node, LABEL **lfinish, VALUE needstr)
 {
-    enum defined_type expr_type = 0;
+    enum defined_type expr_type = DEFINED_NOT_DEFINED;
     enum node_type type;
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
 
     switch (type = nd_type(node)) {
 
@@ -2979,21 +4889,22 @@ defined_expr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret,
 	expr_type = DEFINED_FALSE;
 	break;
 
-      case NODE_ARRAY:{
-	NODE *vals = node;
+      case NODE_LIST:{
+	const NODE *vals = node;
 
 	do {
-	    defined_expr(iseq, ret, vals->nd_head, lfinish, Qfalse);
+	    defined_expr0(iseq, ret, vals->nd_head, lfinish, Qfalse);
 
 	    if (!lfinish[1]) {
-		lfinish[1] = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+                lfinish[1] = NEW_LABEL(line);
 	    }
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchunless, lfinish[1]);
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, lfinish[1]);
 	} while ((vals = vals->nd_next) != NULL);
       }
+        /* fall through */
       case NODE_STR:
       case NODE_LIT:
-      case NODE_ZARRAY:
+      case NODE_ZLIST:
       case NODE_AND:
       case NODE_OR:
       default:
@@ -3007,103 +4918,99 @@ defined_expr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret,
 	break;
 
       case NODE_IVAR:
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_IVAR),
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_IVAR),
 		  ID2SYM(node->nd_vid), needstr);
-	return 1;
+        return;
 
       case NODE_GVAR:
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_GVAR),
-		  ID2SYM(node->nd_entry->id), needstr);
-	return 1;
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_GVAR),
+		  ID2SYM(node->nd_entry), needstr);
+        return;
 
       case NODE_CVAR:
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_CVAR),
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_CVAR),
 		  ID2SYM(node->nd_vid), needstr);
-	return 1;
+        return;
 
       case NODE_CONST:
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_CONST),
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_CONST),
 		  ID2SYM(node->nd_vid), needstr);
-	return 1;
+        return;
       case NODE_COLON2:
 	if (!lfinish[1]) {
-	    lfinish[1] = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+            lfinish[1] = NEW_LABEL(line);
 	}
-	defined_expr(iseq, ret, node->nd_head, lfinish, Qfalse);
-	ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchunless, lfinish[1]);
+	defined_expr0(iseq, ret, node->nd_head, lfinish, Qfalse);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, lfinish[1]);
+        NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "defined/colon2#nd_head", node->nd_head));
 
-	if (rb_is_const_id(node->nd_mid)) {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "defined/colon2#nd_head", node->nd_head);
-	    ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_CONST),
-		      ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), needstr);
-	}
-	else {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "defined/colon2#nd_head", node->nd_head);
-	    ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_METHOD),
-		      ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), needstr);
-	}
-	return 1;
+        ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined,
+		  (rb_is_const_id(node->nd_mid) ?
+		   INT2FIX(DEFINED_CONST_FROM) : INT2FIX(DEFINED_METHOD)),
+		  ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), needstr);
+        return;
       case NODE_COLON3:
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, rb_cObject);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined,
-		  INT2FIX(DEFINED_CONST), ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), needstr);
-	return 1;
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_cObject);
+        ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined,
+		  INT2FIX(DEFINED_CONST_FROM), ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), needstr);
+        return;
 
 	/* method dispatch */
       case NODE_CALL:
+      case NODE_OPCALL:
       case NODE_VCALL:
       case NODE_FCALL:
       case NODE_ATTRASGN:{
 	const int explicit_receiver =
-	    (type == NODE_CALL ||
+	    (type == NODE_CALL || type == NODE_OPCALL ||
 	     (type == NODE_ATTRASGN && !private_recv_p(node)));
 
-	if (!lfinish[1]) {
-	    lfinish[1] = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+	if (!lfinish[1] && (node->nd_args || explicit_receiver)) {
+            lfinish[1] = NEW_LABEL(line);
 	}
 	if (node->nd_args) {
-	    defined_expr(iseq, ret, node->nd_args, lfinish, Qfalse);
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchunless, lfinish[1]);
+	    defined_expr0(iseq, ret, node->nd_args, lfinish, Qfalse);
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, lfinish[1]);
 	}
 	if (explicit_receiver) {
-	    defined_expr(iseq, ret, node->nd_recv, lfinish, Qfalse);
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchunless, lfinish[1]);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "defined/recv", node->nd_recv);
-	    ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_METHOD),
+	    defined_expr0(iseq, ret, node->nd_recv, lfinish, Qfalse);
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, lfinish[1]);
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "defined/recv", node->nd_recv));
+            ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_METHOD),
 		      ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), needstr);
 	}
 	else {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putself);
-	    ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_FUNC),
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, putself);
+            ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_FUNC),
 		      ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), needstr);
 	}
-	return 1;
+        return;
       }
 
       case NODE_YIELD:
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_YIELD), 0,
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_YIELD), 0,
 		  needstr);
-	return 1;
+        return;
 
       case NODE_BACK_REF:
       case NODE_NTH_REF:
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_REF),
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_REF),
 		  INT2FIX((node->nd_nth << 1) | (type == NODE_BACK_REF)),
 		  needstr);
-	return 1;
+        return;
 
       case NODE_SUPER:
       case NODE_ZSUPER:
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_ZSUPER), 0,
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_ZSUPER), 0,
 		  needstr);
-	return 1;
+        return;
 
       case NODE_OP_ASGN1:
       case NODE_OP_ASGN2:
@@ -3116,82 +5023,111 @@ defined_expr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret,
       case NODE_GASGN:
       case NODE_IASGN:
       case NODE_CDECL:
-      case NODE_CVDECL:
       case NODE_CVASGN:
 	expr_type = DEFINED_ASGN;
 	break;
     }
 
-    if (expr_type) {
-	if (needstr != Qfalse) {
-	    VALUE str = rb_iseq_defined_string(expr_type);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, str);
-	}
-	else {
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, Qtrue);
-	}
-	return 1;
+    assert(expr_type != DEFINED_NOT_DEFINED);
+
+    if (needstr != Qfalse) {
+        VALUE str = rb_iseq_defined_string(expr_type);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, str);
+    }
+    else {
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qtrue);
     }
-    return 0;
 }
-#undef defined_expr
 
-static int
-defined_expr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret,
-	     NODE *node, LABEL **lfinish, VALUE needstr)
+static void
+build_defined_rescue_iseq(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const void *unused)
+{
+    ADD_INSN(ret, 0, putnil);
+    iseq_set_exception_local_table(iseq);
+}
+
+static void
+defined_expr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret,
+	     const NODE *const node, LABEL **lfinish, VALUE needstr)
 {
     LINK_ELEMENT *lcur = ret->last;
-    int done = defined_expr0(iseq, ret, node, lfinish, needstr);
+    defined_expr0(iseq, ret, node, lfinish, needstr);
     if (lfinish[1]) {
 	int line = nd_line(node);
 	LABEL *lstart = NEW_LABEL(line);
 	LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	VALUE rescue = NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(NEW_NIL(),
-					 rb_str_concat(rb_str_new2
-						       ("defined guard in "),
-						       iseq->location.label),
-					 ISEQ_TYPE_DEFINED_GUARD, 0);
+	const rb_iseq_t *rescue;
+        struct rb_iseq_new_with_callback_callback_func *ifunc =
+            rb_iseq_new_with_callback_new_callback(build_defined_rescue_iseq, NULL);
+        rescue = new_child_iseq_with_callback(iseq, ifunc,
+				      rb_str_concat(rb_str_new2("defined guard in "),
+						    iseq->body->location.label),
+				      iseq, ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE, 0);
 	lstart->rescued = LABEL_RESCUE_BEG;
 	lend->rescued = LABEL_RESCUE_END;
 	APPEND_LABEL(ret, lcur, lstart);
 	ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
 	ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_RESCUE, lstart, lend, rescue, lfinish[1]);
     }
-    return done;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_defined_expr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, VALUE needstr)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    if (!node->nd_head) {
+	VALUE str = rb_iseq_defined_string(DEFINED_NIL);
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, str);
+    }
+    else {
+	LABEL *lfinish[2];
+	LINK_ELEMENT *last = ret->last;
+	lfinish[0] = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	lfinish[1] = 0;
+	defined_expr(iseq, ret, node->nd_head, lfinish, needstr);
+	if (lfinish[1]) {
+	    ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(last, &new_insn_body(iseq, line, BIN(putnil), 0)->link);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+	    ADD_LABEL(ret, lfinish[1]);
+	}
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, lfinish[0]);
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
 static VALUE
-make_name_for_block(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+make_name_for_block(const rb_iseq_t *orig_iseq)
 {
     int level = 1;
-    rb_iseq_t *ip = iseq;
+    const rb_iseq_t *iseq = orig_iseq;
 
-    if (iseq->parent_iseq != 0) {
-	while (ip->local_iseq != ip) {
-	    if (ip->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
+    if (orig_iseq->body->parent_iseq != 0) {
+	while (orig_iseq->body->local_iseq != iseq) {
+	    if (iseq->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
 		level++;
 	    }
-	    ip = ip->parent_iseq;
+	    iseq = iseq->body->parent_iseq;
 	}
     }
 
     if (level == 1) {
-	return rb_sprintf("block in %"PRIsVALUE, ip->location.label);
+	return rb_sprintf("block in %"PRIsVALUE, iseq->body->location.label);
     }
     else {
-	return rb_sprintf("block (%d levels) in %"PRIsVALUE, level, ip->location.label);
+	return rb_sprintf("block (%d levels) in %"PRIsVALUE, level, iseq->body->location.label);
     }
 }
 
 static void
 push_ensure_entry(rb_iseq_t *iseq,
 		  struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack *enl,
-		  struct ensure_range *er, NODE *node)
+		  struct ensure_range *er, const NODE *const node)
 {
     enl->ensure_node = node;
-    enl->prev = iseq->compile_data->ensure_node_stack;	/* prev */
+    enl->prev = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ensure_node_stack;	/* prev */
     enl->erange = er;
-    iseq->compile_data->ensure_node_stack = enl;
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ensure_node_stack = enl;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -3213,16 +5149,16 @@ add_ensure_range(rb_iseq_t *iseq, struct ensure_range *erange,
 }
 
 static void
-add_ensure_iseq(LINK_ANCHOR *ret, rb_iseq_t *iseq, int is_return)
+add_ensure_iseq(LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, rb_iseq_t *iseq, int is_return)
 {
     struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack *enlp =
-	iseq->compile_data->ensure_node_stack;
+	ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ensure_node_stack;
     struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack *prev_enlp = enlp;
     DECL_ANCHOR(ensure);
 
     INIT_ANCHOR(ensure);
     while (enlp) {
-	if (enlp->erange != 0) {
+	if (enlp->erange != NULL) {
 	    DECL_ANCHOR(ensure_part);
 	    LABEL *lstart = NEW_LABEL(0);
 	    LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(0);
@@ -3230,9 +5166,9 @@ add_ensure_iseq(LINK_ANCHOR *ret, rb_iseq_t *iseq, int is_return)
 
 	    add_ensure_range(iseq, enlp->erange, lstart, lend);
 
-	    iseq->compile_data->ensure_node_stack = enlp->prev;
+	    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ensure_node_stack = enlp->prev;
 	    ADD_LABEL(ensure_part, lstart);
-	    COMPILE_POPED(ensure_part, "ensure part", enlp->ensure_node);
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ensure_part, "ensure part", enlp->ensure_node));
 	    ADD_LABEL(ensure_part, lend);
 	    ADD_SEQ(ensure, ensure_part);
 	}
@@ -3243,808 +5179,2454 @@ add_ensure_iseq(LINK_ANCHOR *ret, rb_iseq_t *iseq, int is_return)
 	}
 	enlp = enlp->prev;
     }
-    iseq->compile_data->ensure_node_stack = prev_enlp;
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ensure_node_stack = prev_enlp;
     ADD_SEQ(ret, ensure);
 }
 
-static VALUE
-setup_args(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *args, NODE *argn, unsigned int *flag, rb_call_info_kw_arg_t **keywords)
+static int
+check_keyword(const NODE *node)
 {
-    VALUE argc = INT2FIX(0);
-    int nsplat = 0;
-    DECL_ANCHOR(arg_block);
-    DECL_ANCHOR(args_splat);
+    /* This check is essentially a code clone of compile_keyword_arg. */
 
-    INIT_ANCHOR(arg_block);
-    INIT_ANCHOR(args_splat);
-    if (argn && nd_type(argn) == NODE_BLOCK_PASS) {
-	COMPILE(arg_block, "block", argn->nd_body);
-	*flag |= VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG;
-	argn = argn->nd_head;
+    if (nd_type(node) == NODE_LIST) {
+        while (node->nd_next) {
+            node = node->nd_next;
+        }
+        node = node->nd_head;
     }
 
-  setup_argn:
-    if (argn) {
-	switch (nd_type(argn)) {
-	  case NODE_SPLAT: {
-	    COMPILE(args, "args (splat)", argn->nd_head);
-	    ADD_INSN1(args, nd_line(argn), splatarray, nsplat ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
-	    argc = INT2FIX(1);
-	    nsplat++;
-	    *flag |= VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT;
-	    break;
-	  }
-	  case NODE_ARGSCAT:
-	  case NODE_ARGSPUSH: {
-	    int next_is_array = (nd_type(argn->nd_head) == NODE_ARRAY);
-	    DECL_ANCHOR(tmp);
-
-	    INIT_ANCHOR(tmp);
-	    COMPILE(tmp, "args (cat: splat)", argn->nd_body);
-	    if (nd_type(argn) == NODE_ARGSCAT) {
-		ADD_INSN1(tmp, nd_line(argn), splatarray, nsplat ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
-	    }
-	    else {
-		ADD_INSN1(tmp, nd_line(argn), newarray, INT2FIX(1));
-	    }
-	    INSERT_LIST(args_splat, tmp);
-	    nsplat++;
-	    *flag |= VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT;
-
-	    if (next_is_array) {
-		argc = INT2FIX(compile_array(iseq, args, argn->nd_head, COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_ARGS) + 1);
-	    }
-	    else {
-		argn = argn->nd_head;
-		goto setup_argn;
-	    }
-	    break;
-	  }
-	  case NODE_ARRAY:
-	    {
-		argc = INT2FIX(compile_array_(iseq, args, argn, COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_ARGS, keywords, FALSE));
-		break;
-	    }
-	  default: {
-	    rb_bug("setup_arg: unknown node: %s\n", ruby_node_name(nd_type(argn)));
-	  }
-	}
-    }
+    return keyword_node_p(node);
+}
 
-    if (nsplat > 1) {
-	int i;
-	for (i=1; i<nsplat; i++) {
-	    ADD_INSN(args_splat, nd_line(args), concatarray);
-	}
+static VALUE
+setup_args_core(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const args, const NODE *argn,
+                int dup_rest, unsigned int *flag, struct rb_callinfo_kwarg **keywords)
+{
+    if (argn) {
+        switch (nd_type(argn)) {
+          case NODE_SPLAT: {
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE(args, "args (splat)", argn->nd_head));
+            ADD_INSN1(args, nd_line(argn), splatarray, dup_rest ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+            if (flag) *flag |= VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT;
+            return INT2FIX(1);
+          }
+          case NODE_ARGSCAT:
+          case NODE_ARGSPUSH: {
+            int next_is_list = (nd_type(argn->nd_head) == NODE_LIST);
+            VALUE argc = setup_args_core(iseq, args, argn->nd_head, 1, NULL, NULL);
+            if (nd_type(argn->nd_body) == NODE_LIST) {
+                /* This branch is needed to avoid "newarraykwsplat" [Bug #16442] */
+                int rest_len = compile_args(iseq, args, argn->nd_body, NULL, NULL);
+                ADD_INSN1(args, nd_line(argn), newarray, INT2FIX(rest_len));
+            }
+            else {
+                NO_CHECK(COMPILE(args, "args (cat: splat)", argn->nd_body));
+            }
+            if (flag) {
+                *flag |= VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT;
+                /* This is a dirty hack.  It traverses the AST twice.
+                 * In a long term, it should be fixed by a redesign of keyword arguments */
+                if (check_keyword(argn->nd_body))
+                    *flag |= VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT;
+            }
+            if (nd_type(argn) == NODE_ARGSCAT) {
+                if (next_is_list) {
+                    ADD_INSN1(args, nd_line(argn), splatarray, Qtrue);
+                    return INT2FIX(FIX2INT(argc) + 1);
+                }
+                else {
+                    ADD_INSN1(args, nd_line(argn), splatarray, Qfalse);
+                    ADD_INSN(args, nd_line(argn), concatarray);
+                    return argc;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                ADD_INSN1(args, nd_line(argn), newarray, INT2FIX(1));
+                ADD_INSN(args, nd_line(argn), concatarray);
+                return argc;
+            }
+          }
+          case NODE_LIST: {
+            int len = compile_args(iseq, args, argn, keywords, flag);
+            return INT2FIX(len);
+          }
+          default: {
+            UNKNOWN_NODE("setup_arg", argn, Qnil);
+          }
+        }
     }
+    return INT2FIX(0);
+}
 
-    if (!LIST_SIZE_ZERO(args_splat)) {
-	ADD_SEQ(args, args_splat);
+static VALUE
+setup_args(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const args, const NODE *argn,
+	   unsigned int *flag, struct rb_callinfo_kwarg **keywords)
+{
+    VALUE ret;
+    if (argn && nd_type(argn) == NODE_BLOCK_PASS) {
+        unsigned int dup_rest = 1;
+        DECL_ANCHOR(arg_block);
+        INIT_ANCHOR(arg_block);
+        NO_CHECK(COMPILE(arg_block, "block", argn->nd_body));
+
+        *flag |= VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG;
+
+        if (LIST_INSN_SIZE_ONE(arg_block)) {
+            LINK_ELEMENT *elem = FIRST_ELEMENT(arg_block);
+            if (elem->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN) {
+                INSN *iobj = (INSN *)elem;
+                if (iobj->insn_id == BIN(getblockparam)) {
+                    iobj->insn_id = BIN(getblockparamproxy);
+                }
+                dup_rest = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        ret = setup_args_core(iseq, args, argn->nd_head, dup_rest, flag, keywords);
+        ADD_SEQ(args, arg_block);
     }
-
-    if (*flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG) {
-	ADD_SEQ(args, arg_block);
+    else {
+        ret = setup_args_core(iseq, args, argn, 0, flag, keywords);
     }
-    return argc;
+    return ret;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-build_postexe_iseq(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE *body)
+static void
+build_postexe_iseq(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, const void *ptr)
 {
+    const NODE *body = ptr;
     int line = nd_line(body);
     VALUE argc = INT2FIX(0);
-    VALUE block = NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(body, make_name_for_block(iseq->parent_iseq), ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, line);
+    const rb_iseq_t *block = NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(body, make_name_for_block(iseq->body->parent_iseq), ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, line);
+
     ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
     ADD_CALL_WITH_BLOCK(ret, line, id_core_set_postexe, argc, block);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)block);
     iseq_set_local_table(iseq, 0);
-    return Qnil;
 }
 
-/**
-  compile each node
-
-  self:  InstructionSequence
-  node:  Ruby compiled node
-  poped: This node will be poped
- */
-static int
-iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
+static void
+compile_named_capture_assign(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node)
 {
-    enum node_type type;
-    LINK_ELEMENT *saved_last_element = 0;
-    int line;
+    const NODE *vars;
+    LINK_ELEMENT *last;
+    int line = nd_line(node);
+    LABEL *fail_label = NEW_LABEL(line), *end_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
 
-    if (node == 0) {
-	if (!poped) {
-	    debugs("node: NODE_NIL(implicit)\n");
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, iseq->compile_data->last_line, putnil);
+#if !(defined(NAMED_CAPTURE_BY_SVAR) && NAMED_CAPTURE_BY_SVAR-0)
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getglobal, ID2SYM(idBACKREF));
+#else
+    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getspecial, INT2FIX(1) /* '~' */, INT2FIX(0));
+#endif
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, fail_label);
+
+    for (vars = node; vars; vars = vars->nd_next) {
+	INSN *cap;
+	if (vars->nd_next) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+	}
+	last = ret->last;
+        NO_CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ret, "capture", vars->nd_head));
+	last = last->next; /* putobject :var */
+	cap = new_insn_send(iseq, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(1),
+			    NULL, INT2FIX(0), NULL);
+	ELEM_INSERT_PREV(last->next, (LINK_ELEMENT *)cap);
+#if !defined(NAMED_CAPTURE_SINGLE_OPT) || NAMED_CAPTURE_SINGLE_OPT-0
+	if (!vars->nd_next && vars == node) {
+	    /* only one name */
+	    DECL_ANCHOR(nom);
+
+	    INIT_ANCHOR(nom);
+	    ADD_INSNL(nom, line, jump, end_label);
+	    ADD_LABEL(nom, fail_label);
+# if 0				/* $~ must be MatchData or nil */
+	    ADD_INSN(nom, line, pop);
+	    ADD_INSN(nom, line, putnil);
+# endif
+	    ADD_LABEL(nom, end_label);
+	    (nom->last->next = cap->link.next)->prev = nom->last;
+	    (cap->link.next = nom->anchor.next)->prev = &cap->link;
+	    return;
 	}
-	return COMPILE_OK;
+#endif
     }
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, end_label);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, fail_label);
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+    for (vars = node; vars; vars = vars->nd_next) {
+	last = ret->last;
+        NO_CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ret, "capture", vars->nd_head));
+	last = last->next; /* putobject :var */
+	((INSN*)last)->insn_id = BIN(putnil);
+	((INSN*)last)->operand_size = 0;
+    }
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, end_label);
+}
 
-    line = (int)nd_line(node);
+static int
+optimizable_range_item_p(const NODE *n)
+{
+    if (!n) return FALSE;
+    switch (nd_type(n)) {
+      case NODE_LIT:
+        return RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(n->nd_lit);
+      case NODE_NIL:
+        return TRUE;
+      default:
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+}
 
-    if (iseq->compile_data->last_line == line) {
-	/* ignore */
+static int
+compile_if(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped, const enum node_type type)
+{
+    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+    const NODE *const node_body = type == NODE_IF ? node->nd_body : node->nd_else;
+    const NODE *const node_else = type == NODE_IF ? node->nd_else : node->nd_body;
+
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    DECL_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
+    DECL_ANCHOR(then_seq);
+    DECL_ANCHOR(else_seq);
+    LABEL *then_label, *else_label, *end_label;
+    VALUE branches = Qfalse;
+    int ci_size;
+    VALUE catch_table = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary;
+    long catch_table_size = NIL_P(catch_table) ? 0 : RARRAY_LEN(catch_table);
+
+    INIT_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(then_seq);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(else_seq);
+    then_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    else_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    end_label = 0;
+
+    compile_branch_condition(iseq, cond_seq, node->nd_cond,
+			     then_label, else_label);
+
+    ci_size = body->ci_size;
+    CHECK(COMPILE_(then_seq, "then", node_body, popped));
+    catch_table = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary;
+    if (!then_label->refcnt) {
+        body->ci_size = ci_size;
+        if (!NIL_P(catch_table)) rb_ary_set_len(catch_table, catch_table_size);
     }
     else {
-	if (node->flags & NODE_FL_NEWLINE) {
-	    iseq->compile_data->last_line = line;
-	    ADD_TRACE(ret, line, RUBY_EVENT_LINE);
-	    saved_last_element = ret->last;
-	}
+        if (!NIL_P(catch_table)) catch_table_size = RARRAY_LEN(catch_table);
     }
 
-    debug_node_start(node);
+    ci_size = body->ci_size;
+    CHECK(COMPILE_(else_seq, "else", node_else, popped));
+    catch_table = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary;
+    if (!else_label->refcnt) {
+        body->ci_size = ci_size;
+        if (!NIL_P(catch_table)) rb_ary_set_len(catch_table, catch_table_size);
+    }
+    else {
+        if (!NIL_P(catch_table)) catch_table_size = RARRAY_LEN(catch_table);
+    }
 
-    type = nd_type(node);
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, cond_seq);
 
-    switch (type) {
-      case NODE_BLOCK:{
-	while (node && nd_type(node) == NODE_BLOCK) {
-	    COMPILE_(ret, "BLOCK body", node->nd_head,
-		     (node->nd_next == 0 && poped == 0) ? 0 : 1);
-	    node = node->nd_next;
-	}
-	if (node) {
-	    COMPILE_(ret, "BLOCK next", node->nd_next, poped);
-	}
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_IF:{
-	DECL_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
-	DECL_ANCHOR(then_seq);
-	DECL_ANCHOR(else_seq);
-	LABEL *then_label, *else_label, *end_label;
-
-	INIT_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
-	INIT_ANCHOR(then_seq);
-	INIT_ANCHOR(else_seq);
-	then_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	else_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	end_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
-
-	compile_branch_condition(iseq, cond_seq, node->nd_cond,
-				 then_label, else_label);
-	COMPILE_(then_seq, "then", node->nd_body, poped);
-	COMPILE_(else_seq, "else", node->nd_else, poped);
-
-	ADD_SEQ(ret, cond_seq);
+    if (then_label->refcnt && else_label->refcnt) {
+	branches = decl_branch_base(iseq, node, type == NODE_IF ? "if" : "unless");
+    }
 
+    if (then_label->refcnt) {
 	ADD_LABEL(ret, then_label);
+	if (else_label->refcnt) {
+	    add_trace_branch_coverage(
+                iseq,
+		ret,
+                node_body ? node_body : node,
+                0,
+		type == NODE_IF ? "then" : "else",
+		branches);
+	    end_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	    ADD_INSNL(then_seq, line, jump, end_label);
+            if (!popped) {
+                ADD_INSN(then_seq, line, pop);
+            }
+	}
 	ADD_SEQ(ret, then_seq);
-	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, end_label);
+    }
 
+    if (else_label->refcnt) {
 	ADD_LABEL(ret, else_label);
+	if (then_label->refcnt) {
+	    add_trace_branch_coverage(
+                iseq,
+		ret,
+                node_else ? node_else : node,
+                1,
+		type == NODE_IF ? "else" : "then",
+		branches);
+	}
 	ADD_SEQ(ret, else_seq);
+    }
 
+    if (end_label) {
 	ADD_LABEL(ret, end_label);
+    }
 
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_CASE:{
-	NODE *vals;
-	NODE *tempnode = node;
-	LABEL *endlabel, *elselabel;
-	DECL_ANCHOR(head);
-	DECL_ANCHOR(body_seq);
-	DECL_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
-	int only_special_literals = 1;
-	VALUE literals = rb_hash_new();
-
-	INIT_ANCHOR(head);
-	INIT_ANCHOR(body_seq);
-	INIT_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
-
-	rb_hash_tbl_raw(literals)->type = &cdhash_type;
-
-	if (node->nd_head == 0) {
-	    COMPILE_(ret, "when", node->nd_body, poped);
-	    break;
-	}
-	COMPILE(head, "case base", node->nd_head);
-
-	node = node->nd_body;
-	type = nd_type(node);
-	line = nd_line(node);
-
-	if (type != NODE_WHEN) {
-	    COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "NODE_CASE: unexpected node. must be NODE_WHEN, but %s", ruby_node_name(type)));
-	}
-
-	endlabel = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	elselabel = NEW_LABEL(line);
-
-	ADD_SEQ(ret, head);	/* case VAL */
-
-	while (type == NODE_WHEN) {
-	    LABEL *l1;
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
 
-	    l1 = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	    ADD_LABEL(body_seq, l1);
-	    ADD_INSN(body_seq, line, pop);
-	    COMPILE_(body_seq, "when body", node->nd_body, poped);
-	    ADD_INSNL(body_seq, line, jump, endlabel);
+static int
+compile_case(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const orig_node, int popped)
+{
+    const NODE *vals;
+    const NODE *node = orig_node;
+    LABEL *endlabel, *elselabel;
+    DECL_ANCHOR(head);
+    DECL_ANCHOR(body_seq);
+    DECL_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
+    int only_special_literals = 1;
+    VALUE literals = rb_hash_new();
+    int line;
+    enum node_type type;
+    VALUE branches = Qfalse;
+    int branch_id = 0;
 
-	    vals = node->nd_head;
-	    if (vals) {
-		switch (nd_type(vals)) {
-		  case NODE_ARRAY:
-		    only_special_literals = when_vals(iseq, cond_seq, vals, l1, only_special_literals, literals);
-		    break;
-		  case NODE_SPLAT:
-		  case NODE_ARGSCAT:
-		  case NODE_ARGSPUSH:
-		    only_special_literals = 0;
-		    ADD_INSN (cond_seq, nd_line(vals), dup);
-		    COMPILE(cond_seq, "when/cond splat", vals);
-		    ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, nd_line(vals), checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_CASE | VM_CHECKMATCH_ARRAY));
-		    ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, nd_line(vals), branchif, l1);
-		    break;
-		  default:
-		    rb_bug("NODE_CASE: unknown node (%s)",
-			   ruby_node_name(nd_type(vals)));
-		}
-	    }
-	    else {
-		rb_bug("NODE_CASE: must be NODE_ARRAY, but 0");
-	    }
+    INIT_ANCHOR(head);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(body_seq);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
 
-	    node = node->nd_next;
-	    if (!node) {
-		break;
-	    }
-	    type = nd_type(node);
-	    line = nd_line(node);
-	}
-	/* else */
-	if (node) {
-	    ADD_LABEL(cond_seq, elselabel);
-	    ADD_INSN(cond_seq, line, pop);
-	    COMPILE_(cond_seq, "else", node, poped);
-	    ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, line, jump, endlabel);
-	}
-	else {
-	    debugs("== else (implicit)\n");
-	    ADD_LABEL(cond_seq, elselabel);
-	    ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(tempnode), pop);
-	    if (!poped) {
-		ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(tempnode), putnil);
-	    }
-	    ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, nd_line(tempnode), jump, endlabel);
-	}
+    RHASH_TBL_RAW(literals)->type = &cdhash_type;
 
-	if (only_special_literals) {
-	    iseq_add_mark_object(iseq, literals);
+    CHECK(COMPILE(head, "case base", node->nd_head));
 
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(tempnode), dup);
-	    ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(tempnode), opt_case_dispatch, literals, elselabel);
-	}
+    branches = decl_branch_base(iseq, node, "case");
 
-	ADD_SEQ(ret, cond_seq);
-	ADD_SEQ(ret, body_seq);
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, endlabel);
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_WHEN:{
-	NODE *vals;
-	NODE *val;
-	NODE *orig_node = node;
-	LABEL *endlabel;
-	DECL_ANCHOR(body_seq);
-
-	INIT_ANCHOR(body_seq);
-	endlabel = NEW_LABEL(line);
-
-	while (node && nd_type(node) == NODE_WHEN) {
-	    LABEL *l1 = NEW_LABEL(line = nd_line(node));
-	    ADD_LABEL(body_seq, l1);
-	    COMPILE_(body_seq, "when", node->nd_body, poped);
-	    ADD_INSNL(body_seq, line, jump, endlabel);
-
-	    vals = node->nd_head;
-	    if (!vals) {
-		rb_bug("NODE_WHEN: must be NODE_ARRAY, but 0");
-	    }
+    node = node->nd_body;
+    EXPECT_NODE("NODE_CASE", node, NODE_WHEN, COMPILE_NG);
+    type = nd_type(node);
+    line = nd_line(node);
+
+    endlabel = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    elselabel = NEW_LABEL(line);
+
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, head);	/* case VAL */
+
+    while (type == NODE_WHEN) {
+	LABEL *l1;
+
+	l1 = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	ADD_LABEL(body_seq, l1);
+	ADD_INSN(body_seq, line, pop);
+	add_trace_branch_coverage(
+                iseq,
+		body_seq,
+                node->nd_body ? node->nd_body : node,
+                branch_id++,
+		"when",
+		branches);
+	CHECK(COMPILE_(body_seq, "when body", node->nd_body, popped));
+	ADD_INSNL(body_seq, line, jump, endlabel);
+
+	vals = node->nd_head;
+	if (vals) {
 	    switch (nd_type(vals)) {
-	      case NODE_ARRAY:
-		while (vals) {
-		    val = vals->nd_head;
-		    COMPILE(ret, "when2", val);
-		    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(val), branchif, l1);
-		    vals = vals->nd_next;
-		}
+	      case NODE_LIST:
+		only_special_literals = when_vals(iseq, cond_seq, vals, l1, only_special_literals, literals);
+		if (only_special_literals < 0) return COMPILE_NG;
 		break;
 	      case NODE_SPLAT:
 	      case NODE_ARGSCAT:
 	      case NODE_ARGSPUSH:
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(vals), putnil);
-		COMPILE(ret, "when2/cond splat", vals);
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(vals), checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_WHEN | VM_CHECKMATCH_ARRAY));
-		ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(vals), branchif, l1);
+		only_special_literals = 0;
+		CHECK(when_splat_vals(iseq, cond_seq, vals, l1, only_special_literals, literals));
 		break;
 	      default:
-		rb_bug("NODE_WHEN: unknown node (%s)",
-		       ruby_node_name(nd_type(vals)));
+		UNKNOWN_NODE("NODE_CASE", vals, COMPILE_NG);
 	    }
-	    node = node->nd_next;
 	}
-	/* else */
-	COMPILE_(ret, "else", node, poped);
-	ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(orig_node), jump, endlabel);
+	else {
+	    EXPECT_NODE_NONULL("NODE_CASE", node, NODE_LIST, COMPILE_NG);
+	}
 
-	ADD_SEQ(ret, body_seq);
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, endlabel);
+	node = node->nd_next;
+	if (!node) {
+	    break;
+	}
+	type = nd_type(node);
+	line = nd_line(node);
+    }
+    /* else */
+    if (node) {
+	ADD_LABEL(cond_seq, elselabel);
+	ADD_INSN(cond_seq, line, pop);
+	add_trace_branch_coverage(iseq, cond_seq, node, branch_id, "else", branches);
+	CHECK(COMPILE_(cond_seq, "else", node, popped));
+	ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, line, jump, endlabel);
+    }
+    else {
+	debugs("== else (implicit)\n");
+	ADD_LABEL(cond_seq, elselabel);
+	ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), pop);
+	add_trace_branch_coverage(iseq, cond_seq, orig_node, branch_id, "else", branches);
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), putnil);
+	}
+	ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), jump, endlabel);
+    }
 
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_OPT_N:
-      case NODE_WHILE:
-      case NODE_UNTIL:{
-	LABEL *prev_start_label = iseq->compile_data->start_label;
-	LABEL *prev_end_label = iseq->compile_data->end_label;
-	LABEL *prev_redo_label = iseq->compile_data->redo_label;
-	int prev_loopval_popped = iseq->compile_data->loopval_popped;
+    if (only_special_literals && ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->specialized_instruction) {
+	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(orig_node), dup);
+	ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(orig_node), opt_case_dispatch, literals, elselabel);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, literals);
+	LABEL_REF(elselabel);
+    }
 
-	struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack enl;
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, cond_seq);
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, body_seq);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, endlabel);
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
 
-	LABEL *next_label = iseq->compile_data->start_label = NEW_LABEL(line);	/* next  */
-	LABEL *redo_label = iseq->compile_data->redo_label = NEW_LABEL(line);	/* redo  */
-	LABEL *break_label = iseq->compile_data->end_label = NEW_LABEL(line);	/* break */
-	LABEL *end_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+static int
+compile_case2(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const orig_node, int popped)
+{
+    const NODE *vals;
+    const NODE *val;
+    const NODE *node = orig_node->nd_body;
+    LABEL *endlabel;
+    DECL_ANCHOR(body_seq);
+    VALUE branches = Qfalse;
+    int branch_id = 0;
+
+    branches = decl_branch_base(iseq, orig_node, "case");
+
+    INIT_ANCHOR(body_seq);
+    endlabel = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+
+    while (node && nd_type(node) == NODE_WHEN) {
+	const int line = nd_line(node);
+	LABEL *l1 = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	ADD_LABEL(body_seq, l1);
+	add_trace_branch_coverage(
+                iseq,
+		body_seq,
+		node->nd_body ? node->nd_body : node,
+                branch_id++,
+		"when",
+		branches);
+	CHECK(COMPILE_(body_seq, "when", node->nd_body, popped));
+	ADD_INSNL(body_seq, line, jump, endlabel);
+
+	vals = node->nd_head;
+	if (!vals) {
+            EXPECT_NODE_NONULL("NODE_WHEN", node, NODE_LIST, COMPILE_NG);
+	}
+	switch (nd_type(vals)) {
+	  case NODE_LIST:
+	    while (vals) {
+		LABEL *lnext;
+		val = vals->nd_head;
+		lnext = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(val));
+		debug_compile("== when2\n", (void)0);
+		CHECK(compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, val, l1, lnext));
+		ADD_LABEL(ret, lnext);
+		vals = vals->nd_next;
+	    }
+	    break;
+	  case NODE_SPLAT:
+	  case NODE_ARGSCAT:
+	  case NODE_ARGSPUSH:
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(vals), putnil);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "when2/cond splat", vals));
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(vals), checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_WHEN | VM_CHECKMATCH_ARRAY));
+	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(vals), branchif, l1);
+	    break;
+	  default:
+	    UNKNOWN_NODE("NODE_WHEN", vals, COMPILE_NG);
+	}
+	node = node->nd_next;
+    }
+    /* else */
+    add_trace_branch_coverage(
+        iseq,
+	ret,
+        node ? node : orig_node,
+        branch_id,
+	"else",
+	branches);
+    CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "else", node, popped));
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(orig_node), jump, endlabel);
+
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, body_seq);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, endlabel);
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
 
-	LABEL *next_catch_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	LABEL *tmp_label = NULL;
+static int iseq_compile_pattern_match(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, LABEL *unmatched, int in_alt_pattern, int deconstructed_pos);
 
-	iseq->compile_data->loopval_popped = 0;
-	push_ensure_entry(iseq, &enl, 0, 0);
+static int iseq_compile_array_deconstruct(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, LABEL *deconstruct, LABEL *deconstructed, LABEL *match_failed, LABEL *type_error, int deconstructed_pos);
 
-	if (type == NODE_OPT_N || node->nd_state == 1) {
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, next_label);
-	}
-	else {
-	    tmp_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, tmp_label);
-	}
-	ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, next_catch_label);
-	ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, next_label);
-	if (tmp_label) ADD_LABEL(ret, tmp_label);
+static int
+iseq_compile_pattern_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, LABEL *matched, LABEL *unmatched, int in_alt_pattern, int deconstructed_pos)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
 
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, redo_label);
-	COMPILE_POPED(ret, "while body", node->nd_body);
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, next_label);	/* next */
+    switch (nd_type(node)) {
+      case NODE_ARYPTN: {
+        /*
+         *   if pattern.use_rest_num?
+         *     rest_num = 0
+         *   end
+         *   if pattern.has_constant_node?
+         *     unless pattern.constant === obj
+         *       goto match_failed
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   unless obj.respond_to?(:deconstruct)
+         *     goto match_failed
+         *   end
+         *   d = obj.deconstruct
+         *   unless Array === d
+         *     goto type_error
+         *   end
+         *   min_argc = pattern.pre_args_num + pattern.post_args_num
+         *   if pattern.has_rest_arg?
+         *     unless d.length >= min_argc
+         *       goto match_failed
+         *     end
+         *   else
+         *     unless d.length == min_argc
+         *       goto match_failed
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   pattern.pre_args_num.each do |i|
+         *     unless pattern.pre_args[i].match?(d[i])
+         *       goto match_failed
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   if pattern.use_rest_num?
+         *     rest_num = d.length - min_argc
+         *     if pattern.has_rest_arg? && pattern.has_rest_arg_id # not `*`, but `*rest`
+         *       unless pattern.rest_arg.match?(d[pattern.pre_args_num, rest_num])
+         *         goto match_failed
+         *       end
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   pattern.post_args_num.each do |i|
+         *     j = pattern.pre_args_num + i
+         *     j += rest_num
+         *     unless pattern.post_args[i].match?(d[j])
+         *       goto match_failed
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   goto matched
+         * type_error:
+         *   FrozenCore.raise TypeError
+         * match_failed:
+         *   goto unmatched
+         */
+        struct rb_ary_pattern_info *apinfo = node->nd_apinfo;
+        const NODE *args = apinfo->pre_args;
+        const int pre_args_num = apinfo->pre_args ? rb_long2int(apinfo->pre_args->nd_alen) : 0;
+        const int post_args_num = apinfo->post_args ? rb_long2int(apinfo->post_args->nd_alen) : 0;
+
+        const int min_argc = pre_args_num + post_args_num;
+        const int use_rest_num = apinfo->rest_arg && (NODE_NAMED_REST_P(apinfo->rest_arg) ||
+                                                      (!NODE_NAMED_REST_P(apinfo->rest_arg) && post_args_num > 0));
+
+        LABEL *match_failed, *type_error, *deconstruct, *deconstructed;
+        int i;
+        match_failed = NEW_LABEL(line);
+        type_error = NEW_LABEL(line);
+        deconstruct = NEW_LABEL(line);
+        deconstructed = NEW_LABEL(line);
+
+        if (use_rest_num) {
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(0)); /* allocate stack for rest_num */
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+            if (deconstructed_pos) {
+                deconstructed_pos++;
+            }
+        }
 
-	if (type == NODE_WHILE) {
-	    compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, node->nd_cond,
-				     redo_label, end_label);
-	}
-	else if (type == NODE_UNTIL) {
-	    /* until */
-	    compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, node->nd_cond,
-				     end_label, redo_label);
-	}
-	else {
-	    ADD_CALL_RECEIVER(ret, line);
-	    ADD_CALL(ret, line, idGets, INT2FIX(0));
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, redo_label);
-	    /* opt_n */
-	}
+        if (node->nd_pconst) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+            CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "constant", node->nd_pconst));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_CASE));
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+        }
 
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, end_label);
+        CHECK(iseq_compile_array_deconstruct(iseq, ret, node, deconstruct, deconstructed, match_failed, type_error, deconstructed_pos));
 
-	if (node->nd_state == Qundef) {
-	    /* ADD_INSN(ret, line, putundef); */
-	    rb_bug("unsupported: putundef");
-	}
-	else {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
-	}
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, idLength, INT2FIX(0));
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(min_argc));
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, apinfo->rest_arg ? idGE : idEq, INT2FIX(1));
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
 
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, break_label);	/* break */
+        for (i = 0; i < pre_args_num; i++) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(i));
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(1));
+            CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, ret, args->nd_head, match_failed, in_alt_pattern, FALSE));
+            args = args->nd_next;
+        }
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-	}
+        if (apinfo->rest_arg) {
+            if (NODE_NAMED_REST_P(apinfo->rest_arg)) {
+                ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(pre_args_num));
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(1));
+                ADD_SEND(ret, line, idLength, INT2FIX(0));
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(min_argc));
+                ADD_SEND(ret, line, idMINUS, INT2FIX(1));
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, INT2FIX(4));
+                ADD_SEND(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(2));
+
+                CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, ret, apinfo->rest_arg, match_failed, in_alt_pattern, FALSE));
+            }
+            else {
+                if (post_args_num > 0) {
+                    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+                    ADD_SEND(ret, line, idLength, INT2FIX(0));
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(min_argc));
+                    ADD_SEND(ret, line, idMINUS, INT2FIX(1));
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, INT2FIX(2));
+                    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
-	ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_BREAK, redo_label, break_label,
-			0, break_label);
-	ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_NEXT, redo_label, break_label, 0,
-			next_catch_label);
-	ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_REDO, redo_label, break_label, 0,
-			iseq->compile_data->redo_label);
+        args = apinfo->post_args;
+        for (i = 0; i < post_args_num; i++) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
 
-	iseq->compile_data->start_label = prev_start_label;
-	iseq->compile_data->end_label = prev_end_label;
-	iseq->compile_data->redo_label = prev_redo_label;
-	iseq->compile_data->loopval_popped = prev_loopval_popped;
-	iseq->compile_data->ensure_node_stack = iseq->compile_data->ensure_node_stack->prev;
-	break;
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(pre_args_num + i));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(3));
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, idPLUS, INT2FIX(1));
+
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(1));
+            CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, ret, args->nd_head, match_failed, in_alt_pattern, FALSE));
+            args = args->nd_next;
+        }
+
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        if (use_rest_num) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        }
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, matched);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        if (use_rest_num) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        }
+
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, type_error);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_eTypeError);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_fstring_lit("deconstruct must return Array"));
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_raise, INT2FIX(2));
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, match_failed);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        if (use_rest_num) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        }
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, unmatched);
+
+        break;
       }
-      case NODE_ITER:
-      case NODE_FOR:{
-	VALUE prevblock = iseq->compile_data->current_block;
-	LABEL *retry_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	LABEL *retry_end_l = NEW_LABEL(line);
+      case NODE_FNDPTN: {
+        /*
+         *   if pattern.has_constant_node?
+         *     unless pattern.constant === obj
+         *       goto match_failed
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   unless obj.respond_to?(:deconstruct)
+         *     goto match_failed
+         *   end
+         *   d = obj.deconstruct
+         *   unless Array === d
+         *     goto type_error
+         *   end
+         *   unless d.length >= pattern.args_num
+         *     goto match_failed
+         *   end
+         *
+         *   begin
+         *     len = d.length
+         *     limit = d.length - pattern.args_num
+         *     i = 0
+         *     while i <= limit
+         *       if pattern.args_num.times.all? {|j| pattern.args[j].match?(d[i+j]) }
+         *         if pattern.has_pre_rest_arg_id
+         *           unless pattern.pre_rest_arg.match?(d[0, i])
+         *             goto find_failed
+         *           end
+         *         end
+         *         if pattern.has_post_rest_arg_id
+         *           unless pattern.post_rest_arg.match?(d[i+pattern.args_num, len])
+         *             goto find_failed
+         *           end
+         *         end
+         *         goto find_succeeded
+         *       end
+         *       i+=1
+         *     end
+         *   find_failed:
+         *     goto match_failed
+         *   find_succeeded:
+         *   end
+         *
+         *   goto matched
+         * type_error:
+         *   FrozenCore.raise TypeError
+         * match_failed:
+         *   goto unmatched
+         */
+        struct rb_fnd_pattern_info *fpinfo = node->nd_fpinfo;
+        const NODE *args = fpinfo->args;
+        const int args_num = fpinfo->args ? rb_long2int(fpinfo->args->nd_alen) : 0;
+
+        LABEL *match_failed, *type_error, *deconstruct, *deconstructed;
+        match_failed = NEW_LABEL(line);
+        type_error = NEW_LABEL(line);
+        deconstruct = NEW_LABEL(line);
+        deconstructed = NEW_LABEL(line);
+
+        if (node->nd_pconst) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+            CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "constant", node->nd_pconst));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_CASE));
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+        }
 
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, retry_label);
-	if (nd_type(node) == NODE_FOR) {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "iter caller (for)", node->nd_iter);
+        CHECK(iseq_compile_array_deconstruct(iseq, ret, node, deconstruct, deconstructed, match_failed, type_error, deconstructed_pos));
+
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, idLength, INT2FIX(0));
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(args_num));
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, idGE, INT2FIX(1));
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+
+        {
+            LABEL *while_begin = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+            LABEL *next_loop = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+            LABEL *find_succeeded = NEW_LABEL(line);
+            LABEL *find_failed = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+            int j;
+
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup); /* allocate stack for len */
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, idLength, INT2FIX(0));
+
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup); /* allocate stack for limit */
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(args_num));
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, idMINUS, INT2FIX(1));
+
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(0)); /* allocate stack for i */
+
+            ADD_LABEL(ret, while_begin);
+
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(2));
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, idLE, INT2FIX(1));
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, find_failed);
+
+            for (j = 0; j < args_num; j++) {
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(3));
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(1));
+                if (j != 0) {
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(j));
+                    ADD_SEND(ret, line, idPLUS, INT2FIX(1));
+                }
+                ADD_SEND(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(1));
+
+                CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, ret, args->nd_head, next_loop, in_alt_pattern, FALSE));
+                args = args->nd_next;
+            }
+
+            if (NODE_NAMED_REST_P(fpinfo->pre_rest_arg)) {
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(3));
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(0));
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(2));
+                ADD_SEND(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(2));
+                CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, ret, fpinfo->pre_rest_arg, find_failed, in_alt_pattern, FALSE));
+            }
+            if (NODE_NAMED_REST_P(fpinfo->post_rest_arg)) {
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(3));
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(1));
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(args_num));
+                ADD_SEND(ret, line, idPLUS, INT2FIX(1));
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(3));
+                ADD_SEND(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(2));
+                CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, ret, fpinfo->post_rest_arg, find_failed, in_alt_pattern, FALSE));
+            }
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, find_succeeded);
+
+            ADD_LABEL(ret, next_loop);
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(1));
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, idPLUS, INT2FIX(1));
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, while_begin);
+
+            ADD_LABEL(ret, find_failed);
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, match_failed);
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, dupn, INT2FIX(3));
+
+            ADD_LABEL(ret, find_succeeded);
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        }
 
-	    iseq->compile_data->current_block =
-		NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(node->nd_body, make_name_for_block(iseq),
-				  ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, line);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, matched);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
 
-	    ADD_SEND_WITH_BLOCK(ret, line, idEach, INT2FIX(0), iseq->compile_data->current_block);
-	}
-	else {
-	    iseq->compile_data->current_block =
-		NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(node->nd_body, make_name_for_block(iseq),
-				  ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, line);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "iter caller", node->nd_iter);
-	}
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, retry_end_l);
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, type_error);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_eTypeError);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_fstring_lit("deconstruct must return Array"));
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_raise, INT2FIX(2));
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-	}
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, match_failed);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, unmatched);
 
-	iseq->compile_data->current_block = prevblock;
+        break;
+      }
+      case NODE_HSHPTN: {
+        /*
+         *   keys = nil
+         *   if pattern.has_kw_args_node? && !pattern.has_kw_rest_arg_node?
+         *     keys = pattern.kw_args_node.keys
+         *   end
+         *   if pattern.has_constant_node?
+         *     unless pattern.constant === obj
+         *       goto match_failed
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   unless obj.respond_to?(:deconstruct_keys)
+         *     goto match_failed
+         *   end
+         *   d = obj.deconstruct_keys(keys)
+         *   unless Hash === d
+         *     goto type_error
+         *   end
+         *   if pattern.has_kw_rest_arg_node?
+         *     d = d.dup
+         *   end
+         *   if pattern.has_kw_args_node?
+         *     pattern.kw_args_node.each |k,|
+         *       unless d.key?(k)
+         *         goto match_failed
+         *       end
+         *     end
+         *     pattern.kw_args_node.each |k, pat|
+         *       if pattern.has_kw_rest_arg_node?
+         *         unless pat.match?(d.delete(k))
+         *           goto match_failed
+         *         end
+         *       else
+         *         unless pat.match?(d[k])
+         *           goto match_failed
+         *         end
+         *       end
+         *     end
+         *   else
+         *     unless d.empty?
+         *       goto match_failed
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   if pattern.has_kw_rest_arg_node?
+         *     if pattern.no_rest_keyword?
+         *       unless d.empty?
+         *         goto match_failed
+         *       end
+         *     else
+         *       unless pattern.kw_rest_arg_node.match?(d)
+         *         goto match_failed
+         *       end
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   goto matched
+         * type_error:
+         *   FrozenCore.raise TypeError
+         * match_failed:
+         *   goto unmatched
+         */
+        LABEL *match_failed, *type_error;
+        VALUE keys = Qnil;
+
+        match_failed = NEW_LABEL(line);
+        type_error = NEW_LABEL(line);
+
+        if (node->nd_pkwargs && !node->nd_pkwrestarg) {
+            const NODE *kw_args = node->nd_pkwargs->nd_head;
+            keys = rb_ary_new_capa(kw_args ? kw_args->nd_alen/2 : 0);
+            while (kw_args) {
+                rb_ary_push(keys, kw_args->nd_head->nd_lit);
+                kw_args = kw_args->nd_next->nd_next;
+            }
+        }
 
-	ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_BREAK, retry_label, retry_end_l, 0, retry_end_l);
+        if (node->nd_pconst) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+            CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "constant", node->nd_pconst));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_CASE));
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+        }
 
-	break;
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ID2SYM(rb_intern("deconstruct_keys")));
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, idRespond_to, INT2FIX(1));
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+
+        if (NIL_P(keys)) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        }
+        else {
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, duparray, keys);
+            RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, rb_obj_hide(keys));
+        }
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, rb_intern("deconstruct_keys"), INT2FIX(1));
+
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checktype, INT2FIX(T_HASH));
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, type_error);
+
+        if (node->nd_pkwrestarg) {
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, rb_intern("dup"), INT2FIX(0));
+        }
+
+        if (node->nd_pkwargs) {
+            int i;
+            int keys_num;
+            const NODE *args;
+            args = node->nd_pkwargs->nd_head;
+            if (args) {
+                DECL_ANCHOR(match_values);
+                INIT_ANCHOR(match_values);
+                keys_num = rb_long2int(args->nd_alen) / 2;
+                for (i = 0; i < keys_num; i++) {
+                    NODE *key_node = args->nd_head;
+                    NODE *value_node = args->nd_next->nd_head;
+                    VALUE key;
+
+                    if (nd_type(key_node) != NODE_LIT) {
+                        UNKNOWN_NODE("NODE_IN", key_node, COMPILE_NG);
+                    }
+                    key = key_node->nd_lit;
+
+                    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, key);
+                    ADD_SEND(ret, line, rb_intern("key?"), INT2FIX(1));
+                    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+
+                    ADD_INSN(match_values, line, dup);
+                    ADD_INSN1(match_values, line, putobject, key);
+                    ADD_SEND(match_values, line, node->nd_pkwrestarg ? rb_intern("delete") : idAREF, INT2FIX(1));
+                    CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, match_values, value_node, match_failed, in_alt_pattern, FALSE));
+                    args = args->nd_next->nd_next;
+                }
+                ADD_SEQ(ret, match_values);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, idEmptyP, INT2FIX(0));
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+        }
+
+        if (node->nd_pkwrestarg) {
+            if (node->nd_pkwrestarg == NODE_SPECIAL_NO_REST_KEYWORD) {
+                ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+                ADD_SEND(ret, line, idEmptyP, INT2FIX(0));
+                ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+            }
+            else {
+                ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+                CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, ret, node->nd_pkwrestarg, match_failed, in_alt_pattern, FALSE));
+            }
+        }
+
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, matched);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, type_error);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_eTypeError);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_fstring_lit("deconstruct_keys must return Hash"));
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_raise, INT2FIX(2));
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, match_failed);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, unmatched);
+        break;
       }
-      case NODE_BREAK:{
-	unsigned long level = 0;
+      case NODE_LIT:
+      case NODE_STR:
+      case NODE_XSTR:
+      case NODE_DSTR:
+      case NODE_DSYM:
+      case NODE_DREGX:
+      case NODE_LIST:
+      case NODE_ZLIST:
+      case NODE_LAMBDA:
+      case NODE_DOT2:
+      case NODE_DOT3:
+      case NODE_CONST:
+      case NODE_LVAR:
+      case NODE_DVAR:
+      case NODE_TRUE:
+      case NODE_FALSE:
+      case NODE_SELF:
+      case NODE_NIL:
+      case NODE_COLON2:
+      case NODE_COLON3:
+        CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "case in literal", node));
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_CASE));
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, matched);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, unmatched);
+        break;
+      case NODE_LASGN: {
+        struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+        ID id = node->nd_vid;
+        int idx = body->local_iseq->body->local_table_size - get_local_var_idx(iseq, id);
+
+        if (in_alt_pattern) {
+            const char *name = rb_id2name(id);
+            if (name && strlen(name) > 0 && name[0] != '_') {
+                COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "illegal variable in alternative pattern (%"PRIsVALUE")",
+                              rb_id2str(id));
+                return COMPILE_NG;
+            }
+        }
 
-	if (iseq->compile_data->redo_label != 0) {
-	    /* while/until */
-	    LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
-	    ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
-	    ADD_ADJUST(ret, line, iseq->compile_data->redo_label);
-	    COMPILE_(ret, "break val (while/until)", node->nd_stts, iseq->compile_data->loopval_popped);
-	    add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, iseq->compile_data->end_label);
-	    ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
+        ADD_SETLOCAL(ret, line, idx, get_lvar_level(iseq));
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, matched);
+        break;
+      }
+      case NODE_DASGN:
+      case NODE_DASGN_CURR: {
+        int idx, lv, ls;
+        ID id = node->nd_vid;
+
+        idx = get_dyna_var_idx(iseq, id, &lv, &ls);
+
+        if (in_alt_pattern) {
+            const char *name = rb_id2name(id);
+            if (name && strlen(name) > 0 && name[0] != '_') {
+                COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "illegal variable in alternative pattern (%"PRIsVALUE")",
+                              rb_id2str(id));
+                return COMPILE_NG;
+            }
+        }
 
-	    if (!poped) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
-	    }
-	}
-	else if (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
-	  break_by_insn:
-	    /* escape from block */
-	    COMPILE(ret, "break val (block)", node->nd_stts);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, throw, INT2FIX(level | 0x02) /* TAG_BREAK */ );
-	    if (poped) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-	    }
-	}
-	else if (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL) {
-	  break_in_eval:
-	    COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "Can't escape from eval with break"));
-	}
-	else {
-	    rb_iseq_t *ip = iseq->parent_iseq;
-	    while (ip) {
-		if (!ip->compile_data) {
-		    ip = 0;
-		    break;
-		}
+        if (idx < 0) {
+            COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "NODE_DASGN(_CURR): unknown id (%"PRIsVALUE")",
+                          rb_id2str(id));
+            return COMPILE_NG;
+        }
+        ADD_SETLOCAL(ret, line, ls - idx, lv);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, matched);
+        break;
+      }
+      case NODE_IF:
+      case NODE_UNLESS: {
+        LABEL *match_failed;
+        match_failed = unmatched;
+        CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, ret, node->nd_body, unmatched, in_alt_pattern, deconstructed_pos));
+        CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "case in if", node->nd_cond));
+        if (nd_type(node) == NODE_IF) {
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+        }
+        else {
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, match_failed);
+        }
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, matched);
+        break;
+      }
+      case NODE_HASH: {
+        NODE *n;
+        LABEL *match_failed;
+        match_failed = NEW_LABEL(line);
+
+        n = node->nd_head;
+        if (! (nd_type(n) == NODE_LIST && n->nd_alen == 2)) {
+            COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "unexpected node");
+            return COMPILE_NG;
+        }
 
-		level++;
-		if (ip->compile_data->redo_label != 0) {
-		    level = 0x8000;
-		    if (ip->compile_data->loopval_popped == 0) {
-			/* need value */
-			level |= 0x4000;
-		    }
-		    goto break_by_insn;
-		}
-		else if (ip->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
-		    level <<= 16;
-		    goto break_by_insn;
-		}
-		else if (ip->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL) {
-		    goto break_in_eval;
-		}
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+        CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, ret, n->nd_head, match_failed, in_alt_pattern, deconstructed_pos ? deconstructed_pos + 1 : FALSE));
+        CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_each(iseq, ret, n->nd_next->nd_head, matched, match_failed, in_alt_pattern, FALSE));
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
 
-		ip = ip->parent_iseq;
-	    }
-	    COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "Invalid break"));
-	}
-	break;
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, match_failed);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, unmatched);
+        break;
+      }
+      case NODE_OR: {
+        LABEL *match_succeeded, *fin;
+        match_succeeded = NEW_LABEL(line);
+        fin = NEW_LABEL(line);
+
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+        CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_each(iseq, ret, node->nd_1st, match_succeeded, fin, TRUE, deconstructed_pos ? deconstructed_pos + 1 : FALSE));
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, match_succeeded);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, matched);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, fin);
+        CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_each(iseq, ret, node->nd_2nd, matched, unmatched, TRUE, deconstructed_pos));
+        break;
       }
-      case NODE_NEXT:{
-	unsigned long level = 0;
+      default:
+        UNKNOWN_NODE("NODE_IN", node, COMPILE_NG);
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
 
-	if (iseq->compile_data->redo_label != 0) {
-	    LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
-	    debugs("next in while loop\n");
-	    ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "next val/valid syntax?", node->nd_stts);
-	    add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
-	    ADD_ADJUST(ret, line, iseq->compile_data->redo_label);
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, iseq->compile_data->start_label);
-	    ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
-	    if (!poped) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
-	    }
+static int
+iseq_compile_pattern_match(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, LABEL *unmatched, int in_alt_pattern, int deconstructed_pos)
+{
+    LABEL *fin = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+    CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_each(iseq, ret, node, fin, unmatched, in_alt_pattern, deconstructed_pos));
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, fin);
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+iseq_compile_array_deconstruct(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, LABEL *deconstruct, LABEL *deconstructed, LABEL *match_failed, LABEL *type_error, int deconstructed_pos)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+
+    // NOTE: this optimization allows us to re-use the #deconstruct value
+    // (or its absence).
+    // `deconstructed_pos` contains the distance to the stack relative location
+    // where the value is stored.
+    if (deconstructed_pos) {
+        // If value is nil then we haven't tried to deconstruct
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(deconstructed_pos));
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchnil, deconstruct);
+
+        // If false then the value is not deconstructable
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(deconstructed_pos));
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+
+        // Drop value, add deconstructed to the stack and jump
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(deconstructed_pos - 1));
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, deconstructed);
+    }
+    else {
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, deconstruct);
+    }
+
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, deconstruct);
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ID2SYM(rb_intern("deconstruct")));
+    ADD_SEND(ret, line, idRespond_to, INT2FIX(1));
+
+    // Cache the result of respond_to? (in case it's false is stays there, if true - it's overwritten after #deconstruct)
+    if (deconstructed_pos) {
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, INT2FIX(deconstructed_pos + 1));
+    }
+
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+
+    ADD_SEND(ret, line, rb_intern("deconstruct"), INT2FIX(0));
+
+    // Cache the result (if it's cacheable - currently, only top-level array patterns)
+    if (deconstructed_pos) {
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, INT2FIX(deconstructed_pos));
+    }
+
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checktype, INT2FIX(T_ARRAY));
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, type_error);
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, deconstructed);
+
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, deconstructed);
+
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_case3(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const orig_node, int popped)
+{
+    const NODE *pattern;
+    const NODE *node = orig_node;
+    LABEL *endlabel, *elselabel;
+    DECL_ANCHOR(head);
+    DECL_ANCHOR(body_seq);
+    DECL_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
+    int line;
+    enum node_type type;
+    VALUE branches = 0;
+    int branch_id = 0;
+
+    INIT_ANCHOR(head);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(body_seq);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
+
+    branches = decl_branch_base(iseq, node, "case");
+
+    node = node->nd_body;
+    EXPECT_NODE("NODE_CASE3", node, NODE_IN, COMPILE_NG);
+    type = nd_type(node);
+    line = nd_line(node);
+
+    endlabel = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    elselabel = NEW_LABEL(line);
+
+    ADD_INSN(head, line, putnil); /* allocate stack for cached #deconstruct value */
+
+    CHECK(COMPILE(head, "case base", orig_node->nd_head));
+
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, head);	/* case VAL */
+
+    while (type == NODE_IN) {
+        LABEL *l1;
+
+        if (branch_id) {
+            ADD_INSN(body_seq, line, putnil);
+        }
+        l1 = NEW_LABEL(line);
+        ADD_LABEL(body_seq, l1);
+        ADD_INSN(body_seq, line, pop);
+        ADD_INSN(body_seq, line, pop); /* discard cached #deconstruct value */
+        add_trace_branch_coverage(
+            iseq,
+            body_seq,
+            node->nd_body ? node->nd_body : node,
+            branch_id++,
+            "in",
+            branches);
+        CHECK(COMPILE_(body_seq, "in body", node->nd_body, popped));
+        ADD_INSNL(body_seq, line, jump, endlabel);
+
+        pattern = node->nd_head;
+        if (pattern) {
+            int pat_line = nd_line(pattern);
+            LABEL *next_pat = NEW_LABEL(pat_line);
+            ADD_INSN (cond_seq, pat_line, dup);
+            // NOTE: set deconstructed_pos to the current cached value location
+            // (it's "under" the matchee value, so it's position is 2)
+            CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_each(iseq, cond_seq, pattern, l1, next_pat, FALSE, 2));
+            ADD_LABEL(cond_seq, next_pat);
+            LABEL_UNREMOVABLE(next_pat);
+        }
+        else {
+            COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "unexpected node");
+            return COMPILE_NG;
+        }
+
+        node = node->nd_next;
+        if (!node) {
+            break;
+        }
+        type = nd_type(node);
+        line = nd_line(node);
+    }
+    /* else */
+    if (node) {
+        ADD_LABEL(cond_seq, elselabel);
+        ADD_INSN(cond_seq, line, pop);
+        ADD_INSN(cond_seq, line, pop); /* discard cached #deconstruct value */
+        add_trace_branch_coverage(iseq, cond_seq, node, branch_id, "else", branches);
+        CHECK(COMPILE_(cond_seq, "else", node, popped));
+        ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, line, jump, endlabel);
+        ADD_INSN(cond_seq, line, putnil);
+        if (popped) {
+            ADD_INSN(cond_seq, line, putnil);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        debugs("== else (implicit)\n");
+        ADD_LABEL(cond_seq, elselabel);
+        add_trace_branch_coverage(iseq, cond_seq, orig_node, branch_id, "else", branches);
+        ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
+        ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), putobject, rb_eNoMatchingPatternError);
+        ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), topn, INT2FIX(2));
+        ADD_SEND(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), id_core_raise, INT2FIX(2));
+        ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), pop);
+        ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), pop);
+        ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), pop); /* discard cached #deconstruct value */
+        if (!popped) {
+            ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), putnil);
+        }
+        ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), jump, endlabel);
+        ADD_INSN(cond_seq, line, putnil);
+        if (popped) {
+            ADD_INSN(cond_seq, line, putnil);
+        }
+    }
+
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, cond_seq);
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, body_seq);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, endlabel);
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_loop(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped, const enum node_type type)
+{
+    const int line = (int)nd_line(node);
+
+    LABEL *prev_start_label = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->start_label;
+    LABEL *prev_end_label = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->end_label;
+    LABEL *prev_redo_label = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label;
+    int prev_loopval_popped = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->loopval_popped;
+    VALUE branches = Qfalse;
+
+    struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack enl;
+
+    LABEL *next_label = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->start_label = NEW_LABEL(line);	/* next  */
+    LABEL *redo_label = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label = NEW_LABEL(line);	/* redo  */
+    LABEL *break_label = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->end_label = NEW_LABEL(line);	/* break */
+    LABEL *end_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    LABEL *adjust_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+
+    LABEL *next_catch_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    LABEL *tmp_label = NULL;
+
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->loopval_popped = 0;
+    push_ensure_entry(iseq, &enl, NULL, NULL);
+
+    if (node->nd_state == 1) {
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, next_label);
+    }
+    else {
+	tmp_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, tmp_label);
+    }
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, adjust_label);
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, next_catch_label);
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, next_label);
+    if (tmp_label) ADD_LABEL(ret, tmp_label);
+
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, redo_label);
+    branches = decl_branch_base(iseq, node, type == NODE_WHILE ? "while" : "until");
+    add_trace_branch_coverage(
+        iseq,
+	ret,
+        node->nd_body ? node->nd_body : node,
+        0,
+	"body",
+	branches);
+    CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ret, "while body", node->nd_body));
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, next_label);	/* next */
+
+    if (type == NODE_WHILE) {
+	compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, node->nd_cond,
+				 redo_label, end_label);
+    }
+    else {
+	/* until */
+	compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, node->nd_cond,
+				 end_label, redo_label);
+    }
+
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, end_label);
+    ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, adjust_label);
+
+    if (node->nd_state == Qundef) {
+	/* ADD_INSN(ret, line, putundef); */
+	COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "unsupported: putundef");
+	return COMPILE_NG;
+    }
+    else {
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+    }
+
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, break_label);	/* break */
+
+    if (popped) {
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+    }
+
+    ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_BREAK, redo_label, break_label, NULL,
+		    break_label);
+    ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_NEXT, redo_label, break_label, NULL,
+		    next_catch_label);
+    ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_REDO, redo_label, break_label, NULL,
+		    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label);
+
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->start_label = prev_start_label;
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->end_label = prev_end_label;
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label = prev_redo_label;
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->loopval_popped = prev_loopval_popped;
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ensure_node_stack = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ensure_node_stack->prev;
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_iter(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    const rb_iseq_t *prevblock = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block;
+    LABEL *retry_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    LABEL *retry_end_l = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    const rb_iseq_t *child_iseq;
+
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, retry_label);
+    if (nd_type(node) == NODE_FOR) {
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "iter caller (for)", node->nd_iter));
+
+	ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block = child_iseq =
+	    NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(node->nd_body, make_name_for_block(iseq),
+			   ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, line);
+	ADD_SEND_WITH_BLOCK(ret, line, idEach, INT2FIX(0), child_iseq);
+    }
+    else {
+	ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block = child_iseq =
+	    NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(node->nd_body, make_name_for_block(iseq),
+			   ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, line);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "iter caller", node->nd_iter));
+    }
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, retry_end_l);
+
+    if (popped) {
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+    }
+
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block = prevblock;
+
+    ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_BREAK, retry_label, retry_end_l, child_iseq, retry_end_l);
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_for_masgn(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    /* massign to var in "for"
+     * (args.length == 1 && Array.try_convert(args[0])) || args
+     */
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    const NODE *var = node->nd_var;
+    LABEL *not_single = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(var));
+    LABEL *not_ary = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(var));
+    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "for var", var));
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+    ADD_CALL(ret, line, idLength, INT2FIX(0));
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(1));
+    ADD_CALL(ret, line, idEq, INT2FIX(1));
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, not_single);
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(0));
+    ADD_CALL(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(1));
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_cArray);
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+    ADD_CALL(ret, line, rb_intern("try_convert"), INT2FIX(1));
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, not_ary);
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, not_ary);
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, not_single);
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_break(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    unsigned long throw_flag = 0;
+
+    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label != 0) {
+	/* while/until */
+	LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
+	ADD_ADJUST(ret, line, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label);
+	CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "break val (while/until)", node->nd_stts,
+		       ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->loopval_popped));
+	add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->end_label);
+	ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
+
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
 	}
-	else if (iseq->compile_data->end_label) {
-	    LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
-	    debugs("next in block\n");
-	    ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
-	    ADD_ADJUST(ret, line, iseq->compile_data->start_label);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "next val", node->nd_stts);
-	    add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, iseq->compile_data->end_label);
-	    ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
+    }
+    else {
+        const rb_iseq_t *ip = iseq;
 
-	    if (!poped) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+	while (ip) {
+	    if (!ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(ip)) {
+		ip = 0;
+		break;
+	    }
+
+	    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(ip)->redo_label != 0) {
+                throw_flag = VM_THROW_NO_ESCAPE_FLAG;
+	    }
+	    else if (ip->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
+                throw_flag = 0;
+	    }
+	    else if (ip->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL) {
+                COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "Can't escape from eval with break");
+                return COMPILE_NG;
 	    }
+            else {
+                ip = ip->body->parent_iseq;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            /* escape from block */
+            CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "break val (block)", node->nd_stts));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, throw, INT2FIX(throw_flag | TAG_BREAK));
+            if (popped) {
+                ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+            }
+            return COMPILE_OK;
 	}
-	else if (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL) {
-	  next_in_eval:
-	    COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "Can't escape from eval with next"));
+	COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "Invalid break");
+	return COMPILE_NG;
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_next(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    unsigned long throw_flag = 0;
+
+    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label != 0) {
+	LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
+	debugs("next in while loop\n");
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "next val/valid syntax?", node->nd_stts));
+	add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
+	ADD_ADJUST(ret, line, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label);
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->start_label);
+	ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
 	}
-	else {
-	    rb_iseq_t *ip;
-	    ip = iseq;
-	    while (ip) {
-		if (!ip->compile_data) {
-		    ip = 0;
-		    break;
-		}
+    }
+    else if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->end_label) {
+	LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
+	debugs("next in block\n");
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
+	ADD_ADJUST(ret, line, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->start_label);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "next val", node->nd_stts));
+	add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->end_label);
+	ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
+	splabel->unremovable = FALSE;
 
-		level = 0x8000 | 0x4000;
-		if (ip->compile_data->redo_label != 0) {
-		    /* while loop */
-		    break;
-		}
-		else if (ip->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
-		    break;
-		}
-		else if (ip->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL) {
-		    goto next_in_eval;
-		}
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+	}
+    }
+    else {
+	const rb_iseq_t *ip = iseq;
 
-		ip = ip->parent_iseq;
+	while (ip) {
+	    if (!ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(ip)) {
+		ip = 0;
+		break;
 	    }
-	    if (ip != 0) {
-		COMPILE(ret, "next val", node->nd_stts);
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, throw, INT2FIX(level | 0x03) /* TAG_NEXT */ );
 
-		if (poped) {
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-		}
+            throw_flag = VM_THROW_NO_ESCAPE_FLAG;
+	    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(ip)->redo_label != 0) {
+		/* while loop */
+		break;
 	    }
-	    else {
-		COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "Invalid next"));
+	    else if (ip->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
+		break;
 	    }
-	}
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_REDO:{
-	if (iseq->compile_data->redo_label) {
-	    LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
-	    debugs("redo in while");
-	    ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
-	    ADD_ADJUST(ret, line, iseq->compile_data->redo_label);
-	    add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, iseq->compile_data->redo_label);
-	    ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
-	    if (!poped) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+	    else if (ip->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL) {
+                COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "Can't escape from eval with next");
+                return COMPILE_NG;
 	    }
-	}
-	else if (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL) {
-	  redo_in_eval:
-	    COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "Can't escape from eval with redo"));
-	}
-	else if (iseq->compile_data->start_label) {
-	    LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
 
-	    debugs("redo in block");
-	    ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
-	    add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
-	    ADD_ADJUST(ret, line, iseq->compile_data->start_label);
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, iseq->compile_data->start_label);
-	    ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
+	    ip = ip->body->parent_iseq;
+	}
+	if (ip != 0) {
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "next val", node->nd_stts));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, throw, INT2FIX(throw_flag | TAG_NEXT));
 
-	    if (!poped) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+	    if (popped) {
+		ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	    }
 	}
 	else {
-	    rb_iseq_t *ip;
-	    unsigned long level;
-	    level = 0x8000 | 0x4000;
-	    ip = iseq;
-	    while (ip) {
-		if (!ip->compile_data) {
-		    ip = 0;
-		    break;
-		}
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "Invalid next");
+	    return COMPILE_NG;
+	}
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
 
-		if (ip->compile_data->redo_label != 0) {
-		    break;
-		}
-		else if (ip->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
-		    break;
-		}
-		else if (ip->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL) {
-		    goto redo_in_eval;
-		}
+static int
+compile_redo(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+
+    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label) {
+	LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
+	debugs("redo in while");
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
+	ADD_ADJUST(ret, line, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label);
+	add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label);
+	ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+	}
+    }
+    else if (iseq->body->type != ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL && ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->start_label) {
+	LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
+
+	debugs("redo in block");
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
+	add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
+	ADD_ADJUST(ret, line, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->start_label);
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->start_label);
+	ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
 
-		ip = ip->parent_iseq;
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+	}
+    }
+    else {
+	const rb_iseq_t *ip = iseq;
+
+	while (ip) {
+	    if (!ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(ip)) {
+		ip = 0;
+		break;
 	    }
-	    if (ip != 0) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, throw, INT2FIX(level | 0x05) /* TAG_REDO */ );
 
-		if (poped) {
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-		}
+	    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(ip)->redo_label != 0) {
+		break;
 	    }
-	    else {
-		COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "Invalid redo"));
+	    else if (ip->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
+		break;
 	    }
+	    else if (ip->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL) {
+                COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "Can't escape from eval with redo");
+                return COMPILE_NG;
+	    }
+
+	    ip = ip->body->parent_iseq;
 	}
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_RETRY:{
-	if (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE) {
+	if (ip != 0) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, throw, INT2FIX(0x04) /* TAG_RETRY */ );
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, throw, INT2FIX(VM_THROW_NO_ESCAPE_FLAG | TAG_REDO));
 
-	    if (poped) {
+	    if (popped) {
 		ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	    }
 	}
 	else {
-	    COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "Invalid retry"));
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "Invalid redo");
+	    return COMPILE_NG;
 	}
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_BEGIN:{
-	COMPILE_(ret, "NODE_BEGIN", node->nd_body, poped);
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_RESCUE:{
-	LABEL *lstart = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	LABEL *lcont = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	VALUE rescue = NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(
-	    node->nd_resq,
-	    rb_str_concat(rb_str_new2("rescue in "), iseq->location.label),
-	    ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE, line);
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
 
-	lstart->rescued = LABEL_RESCUE_BEG;
-	lend->rescued = LABEL_RESCUE_END;
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, lstart);
-	COMPILE(ret, "rescue head", node->nd_head);
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
-	if (node->nd_else) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "rescue else", node->nd_else);
-	}
-	ADD_INSN(ret, line, nop);
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, lcont);
+static int
+compile_retry(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
 
-	if (poped) {
+    if (iseq->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE) {
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, throw, INT2FIX(TAG_RETRY));
+
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
+    }
+    else {
+	COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "Invalid retry");
+	return COMPILE_NG;
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
 
-	/* register catch entry */
-	ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_RESCUE, lstart, lend, rescue, lcont);
-	ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_RETRY, lend, lcont, 0, lstart);
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_RESBODY:{
-	NODE *resq = node;
-	NODE *narg;
-	LABEL *label_miss, *label_hit;
-
-	while (resq) {
-	    label_miss = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	    label_hit = NEW_LABEL(line);
-
-	    narg = resq->nd_args;
-	    if (narg) {
-		switch (nd_type(narg)) {
-		  case NODE_ARRAY:
-		    while (narg) {
-			ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getlocal, INT2FIX(2), INT2FIX(0));
-			COMPILE(ret, "rescue arg", narg->nd_head);
-			ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_RESCUE));
-			ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, label_hit);
-			narg = narg->nd_next;
-		    }
-		    break;
-		  case NODE_SPLAT:
-		  case NODE_ARGSCAT:
-		  case NODE_ARGSPUSH:
-		    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getlocal, INT2FIX(2), INT2FIX(0));
-		    COMPILE(ret, "rescue/cond splat", narg);
-		    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_RESCUE | VM_CHECKMATCH_ARRAY));
+static int
+compile_rescue(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    LABEL *lstart = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    LABEL *lcont = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    const rb_iseq_t *rescue = NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(node->nd_resq,
+					     rb_str_concat(rb_str_new2("rescue in "), iseq->body->location.label),
+					     ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE, line);
+
+    lstart->rescued = LABEL_RESCUE_BEG;
+    lend->rescued = LABEL_RESCUE_END;
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, lstart);
+    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "rescue head", node->nd_head));
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
+    if (node->nd_else) {
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "rescue else", node->nd_else));
+    }
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, nop);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, lcont);
+
+    if (popped) {
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+    }
+
+    /* register catch entry */
+    ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_RESCUE, lstart, lend, rescue, lcont);
+    ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_RETRY, lend, lcont, NULL, lstart);
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_resbody(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    const NODE *resq = node;
+    const NODE *narg;
+    LABEL *label_miss, *label_hit;
+
+    while (resq) {
+	label_miss = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	label_hit = NEW_LABEL(line);
+
+	narg = resq->nd_args;
+	if (narg) {
+	    switch (nd_type(narg)) {
+	      case NODE_LIST:
+		while (narg) {
+		    ADD_GETLOCAL(ret, line, LVAR_ERRINFO, 0);
+		    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "rescue arg", narg->nd_head));
+		    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_RESCUE));
 		    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, label_hit);
-		    break;
-		  default:
-		    rb_bug("NODE_RESBODY: unknown node (%s)",
-			   ruby_node_name(nd_type(narg)));
+		    narg = narg->nd_next;
 		}
-	    }
-	    else {
-		ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getlocal, INT2FIX(2), INT2FIX(0));
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_eStandardError);
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_RESCUE));
+		break;
+	      case NODE_SPLAT:
+	      case NODE_ARGSCAT:
+	      case NODE_ARGSPUSH:
+		ADD_GETLOCAL(ret, line, LVAR_ERRINFO, 0);
+		CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "rescue/cond splat", narg));
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_RESCUE | VM_CHECKMATCH_ARRAY));
 		ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, label_hit);
+		break;
+	      default:
+		UNKNOWN_NODE("NODE_RESBODY", narg, COMPILE_NG);
 	    }
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, label_miss);
-	    ADD_LABEL(ret, label_hit);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "resbody body", resq->nd_body);
-	    if (iseq->compile_data->option->tailcall_optimization) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, line, nop);
+	}
+	else {
+	    ADD_GETLOCAL(ret, line, LVAR_ERRINFO, 0);
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_eStandardError);
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_RESCUE));
+	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, label_hit);
+	}
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, label_miss);
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, label_hit);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "resbody body", resq->nd_body));
+	if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->tailcall_optimization) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, nop);
+	}
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, leave);
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, label_miss);
+	resq = resq->nd_head;
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_ensure(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    DECL_ANCHOR(ensr);
+    const rb_iseq_t *ensure = NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(node->nd_ensr,
+					     rb_str_concat(rb_str_new2 ("ensure in "), iseq->body->location.label),
+					     ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE, line);
+    LABEL *lstart = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    LABEL *lcont = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    LINK_ELEMENT *last;
+    int last_leave = 0;
+    struct ensure_range er;
+    struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack enl;
+    struct ensure_range *erange;
+
+    INIT_ANCHOR(ensr);
+    CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ensr, "ensure ensr", node->nd_ensr));
+    last = ensr->last;
+    last_leave = last && IS_INSN(last) && IS_INSN_ID(last, leave);
+
+    er.begin = lstart;
+    er.end = lend;
+    er.next = 0;
+    push_ensure_entry(iseq, &enl, &er, node->nd_ensr);
+
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, lstart);
+    CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "ensure head", node->nd_head, (popped | last_leave)));
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, ensr);
+    if (!popped && last_leave) ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, lcont);
+    if (last_leave) ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+
+    erange = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ensure_node_stack->erange;
+    if (lstart->link.next != &lend->link) {
+	while (erange) {
+	    ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_ENSURE, erange->begin, erange->end,
+			    ensure, lcont);
+	    erange = erange->next;
+	}
+    }
+
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ensure_node_stack = enl.prev;
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_return(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+
+    if (iseq) {
+	enum iseq_type type = iseq->body->type;
+	const rb_iseq_t *is = iseq;
+	enum iseq_type t = type;
+	const NODE *retval = node->nd_stts;
+	LABEL *splabel = 0;
+
+	while (t == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE || t == ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE) {
+	    if (!(is = is->body->parent_iseq)) break;
+	    t = is->body->type;
+	}
+	switch (t) {
+	  case ISEQ_TYPE_TOP:
+	  case ISEQ_TYPE_MAIN:
+            if (retval) {
+                rb_warn("argument of top-level return is ignored");
+            }
+	    if (is == iseq) {
+		/* plain top-level, leave directly */
+		type = ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD;
 	    }
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, leave);
-	    ADD_LABEL(ret, label_miss);
-	    resq = resq->nd_head;
+	    break;
+	  default:
+	    break;
 	}
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_ENSURE:{
-	DECL_ANCHOR(ensr);
-	VALUE ensure = NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(node->nd_ensr,
-					 rb_str_concat(rb_str_new2
-						       ("ensure in "),
-						       iseq->location.label),
-					 ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE, line);
-	LABEL *lstart = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	LABEL *lcont = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	struct ensure_range er;
-	struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack enl;
-	struct ensure_range *erange;
 
-	INIT_ANCHOR(ensr);
-	COMPILE_POPED(ensr, "ensure ensr", node->nd_ensr);
+	if (type == ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD) {
+	    splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
+	    ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
+	    ADD_ADJUST(ret, line, 0);
+	}
 
-	er.begin = lstart;
-	er.end = lend;
-	er.next = 0;
-	push_ensure_entry(iseq, &enl, &er, node->nd_ensr);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "return nd_stts (return val)", retval));
 
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, lstart);
-	COMPILE_(ret, "ensure head", node->nd_head, poped);
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
-	if (ensr->anchor.next == 0) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, nop);
+	if (type == ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD) {
+	    add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 1);
+	    ADD_TRACE(ret, RUBY_EVENT_RETURN);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, leave);
+	    ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
+
+	    if (!popped) {
+		ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+	    }
 	}
 	else {
-	    ADD_SEQ(ret, ensr);
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, throw, INT2FIX(TAG_RETURN));
+	    if (popped) {
+		ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+	    }
 	}
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, lcont);
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
 
-	erange = iseq->compile_data->ensure_node_stack->erange;
-	while (erange) {
-	    ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_ENSURE, erange->begin, erange->end,
-			    ensure, lcont);
-	    erange = erange->next;
+static int
+compile_evstr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "nd_body", node, popped));
+
+    if (!popped && !all_string_result_p(node)) {
+	const int line = nd_line(node);
+	const unsigned int flag = VM_CALL_FCALL;
+	LABEL *isstr = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checktype, INT2FIX(T_STRING));
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, isstr);
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+	ADD_SEND_R(ret, line, idTo_s, INT2FIX(0), NULL, INT2FIX(flag), NULL);
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, tostring);
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, isstr);
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static LABEL *
+qcall_branch_start(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const recv, VALUE *branches, const NODE *node, int line)
+{
+    LABEL *else_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    VALUE br = 0;
+
+    br = decl_branch_base(iseq, node, "&.");
+    *branches = br;
+    ADD_INSN(recv, line, dup);
+    ADD_INSNL(recv, line, branchnil, else_label);
+    add_trace_branch_coverage(iseq, recv, node, 0, "then", br);
+    return else_label;
+}
+
+static void
+qcall_branch_end(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, LABEL *else_label, VALUE branches, const NODE *node, int line)
+{
+    LABEL *end_label;
+    if (!else_label) return;
+    end_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, end_label);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, else_label);
+    add_trace_branch_coverage(iseq, ret, node, 1, "else", branches);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, end_label);
+}
+
+static int
+compile_call_precheck_freeze(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int line, int popped)
+{
+    /* optimization shortcut
+     *   "literal".freeze -> opt_str_freeze("literal")
+     */
+    if (node->nd_recv && nd_type(node->nd_recv) == NODE_STR &&
+        (node->nd_mid == idFreeze || node->nd_mid == idUMinus) &&
+        node->nd_args == NULL &&
+        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block == NULL &&
+        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->specialized_instruction) {
+        VALUE str = rb_fstring(node->nd_recv->nd_lit);
+        if (node->nd_mid == idUMinus) {
+            ADD_INSN2(ret, line, opt_str_uminus, str,
+                      new_callinfo(iseq, idUMinus, 0, 0, NULL, FALSE));
+        }
+        else {
+            ADD_INSN2(ret, line, opt_str_freeze, str,
+                      new_callinfo(iseq, idFreeze, 0, 0, NULL, FALSE));
+        }
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, str);
+        if (popped) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        }
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    /* optimization shortcut
+     *   obj["literal"] -> opt_aref_with(obj, "literal")
+     */
+    if (node->nd_mid == idAREF && !private_recv_p(node) && node->nd_args &&
+        nd_type(node->nd_args) == NODE_LIST && node->nd_args->nd_alen == 1 &&
+        nd_type(node->nd_args->nd_head) == NODE_STR &&
+        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block == NULL &&
+        !ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->frozen_string_literal &&
+        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->specialized_instruction) {
+        VALUE str = rb_fstring(node->nd_args->nd_head->nd_lit);
+        CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "recv", node->nd_recv));
+        ADD_INSN2(ret, line, opt_aref_with, str,
+                  new_callinfo(iseq, idAREF, 1, 0, NULL, FALSE));
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, str);
+        if (popped) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        }
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+static int
+iseq_has_builtin_function_table(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->builtin_function_table != NULL;
+}
+
+static const struct rb_builtin_function *
+iseq_builtin_function_lookup(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, const char *name)
+{
+    int i;
+    const struct rb_builtin_function *table = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->builtin_function_table;
+    for (i=0; table[i].index != -1; i++) {
+        if (strcmp(table[i].name, name) == 0) {
+            return &table[i];
+        }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *
+iseq_builtin_function_name(const enum node_type type, const NODE *recv, ID mid)
+{
+    const char *name = rb_id2name(mid);
+    static const char prefix[] = "__builtin_";
+    const size_t prefix_len = sizeof(prefix) - 1;
+
+    switch (type) {
+      case NODE_CALL:
+        if (recv) {
+            switch (nd_type(recv)) {
+              case NODE_VCALL:
+                if (recv->nd_mid == rb_intern("__builtin")) {
+                    return name;
+                }
+                break;
+              case NODE_CONST:
+                if (recv->nd_vid == rb_intern("Primitive")) {
+                    return name;
+                }
+                break;
+              default: break;
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+      case NODE_VCALL:
+      case NODE_FCALL:
+        if (UNLIKELY(strncmp(prefix, name, prefix_len) == 0)) {
+            return &name[prefix_len];
+        }
+        break;
+      default: break;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static int
+delegate_call_p(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, unsigned int argc, const LINK_ANCHOR *args, unsigned int *pstart_index)
+{
+
+    if (argc == 0) {
+        *pstart_index = 0;
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (argc <= iseq->body->local_table_size) {
+        unsigned int start=0;
+
+        // local_table: [p1, p2, p3, l1, l2, l3]
+        // arguments:           [p3, l1, l2]     -> 2
+        for (start = 0;
+             argc + start <= iseq->body->local_table_size;
+             start++) {
+            const LINK_ELEMENT *elem = FIRST_ELEMENT(args);
+
+            for (unsigned int i=start; i-start<argc; i++) {
+                if (elem->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN &&
+                    INSN_OF(elem) == BIN(getlocal)) {
+                    int local_index = FIX2INT(OPERAND_AT(elem, 0));
+                    int local_level = FIX2INT(OPERAND_AT(elem, 1));
+
+                    if (local_level == 0) {
+                        unsigned int index = iseq->body->local_table_size - (local_index - VM_ENV_DATA_SIZE + 1);
+                        if (0) { // for debug
+                            fprintf(stderr, "lvar:%s (%d), id:%s (%d) local_index:%d, local_size:%d\n",
+                                    rb_id2name(iseq->body->local_table[i]),     i,
+                                    rb_id2name(iseq->body->local_table[index]), index,
+                                    local_index, (int)iseq->body->local_table_size);
+                        }
+                        if (i == index) {
+                            elem = elem->next;
+                            continue; /* for */
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            goto next;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        goto fail; // level != 0 is unsupported
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    goto fail; // insn is not a getlocal
+                }
+            }
+            goto success;
+          next:;
+        }
+      fail:
+        return FALSE;
+      success:
+        *pstart_index = start;
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    else {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+compile_builtin_function_call(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int line, int popped,
+                              const rb_iseq_t *parent_block, LINK_ANCHOR *args, const char *builtin_func)
+{
+    NODE *args_node = node->nd_args;
+
+    if (parent_block != NULL) {
+        COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, line, "should not call builtins here.");
+        return COMPILE_NG;
+    }
+    else {
+# define BUILTIN_INLINE_PREFIX "_bi"
+        char inline_func[DECIMAL_SIZE_OF_BITS(sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT) + sizeof(BUILTIN_INLINE_PREFIX)];
+        bool cconst = false;
+      retry:;
+        const struct rb_builtin_function *bf = iseq_builtin_function_lookup(iseq, builtin_func);
+
+        if (bf == NULL) {
+            if (strcmp("cstmt!", builtin_func) == 0 ||
+                strcmp("cexpr!", builtin_func) == 0) {
+                // ok
+            }
+            else if (strcmp("cconst!", builtin_func) == 0) {
+                cconst = true;
+            }
+            else if (strcmp("cinit!", builtin_func) == 0) {
+                // ignore
+                GET_VM()->builtin_inline_index++;
+                return COMPILE_OK;
+            }
+            else if (strcmp("attr!", builtin_func) == 0) {
+                // There's only "inline" attribute for now
+                iseq->body->builtin_inline_p = true;
+                return COMPILE_OK;
+            }
+            else if (1) {
+                rb_bug("can't find builtin function:%s", builtin_func);
+            }
+            else {
+                COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "can't find builtin function:%s", builtin_func);
+                return COMPILE_NG;
+            }
+
+            if (GET_VM()->builtin_inline_index == INT_MAX) {
+                rb_bug("builtin inline function index overflow:%s", builtin_func);
+            }
+            int inline_index = GET_VM()->builtin_inline_index++;
+            snprintf(inline_func, sizeof(inline_func), BUILTIN_INLINE_PREFIX "%d", inline_index);
+            builtin_func = inline_func;
+            args_node = NULL;
+            goto retry;
+        }
+
+        if (cconst) {
+            typedef VALUE(*builtin_func0)(void *, VALUE);
+            VALUE const_val = (*(builtin_func0)bf->func_ptr)(NULL, Qnil);
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, const_val);
+            return COMPILE_OK;
+        }
+
+        // fprintf(stderr, "func_name:%s -> %p\n", builtin_func, bf->func_ptr);
+
+        unsigned int flag = 0;
+        struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *keywords = NULL;
+        VALUE argc = setup_args(iseq, args, args_node, &flag, &keywords);
+
+        if (FIX2INT(argc) != bf->argc) {
+            COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "argc is not match for builtin function:%s (expect %d but %d)",
+                          builtin_func, bf->argc, FIX2INT(argc));
+            return COMPILE_NG;
+        }
+
+        unsigned int start_index;
+        if (delegate_call_p(iseq, FIX2INT(argc), args, &start_index)) {
+            ADD_INSN2(ret, line, opt_invokebuiltin_delegate, bf, INT2FIX(start_index));
+        }
+        else {
+            ADD_SEQ(ret, args);
+            ADD_INSN1(ret,line, invokebuiltin, bf);
+        }
+
+        if (popped) ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        return COMPILE_OK;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+compile_call(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, const enum node_type type, int line, int popped)
+{
+    /* call:  obj.method(...)
+     * fcall: func(...)
+     * vcall: func
+     */
+    DECL_ANCHOR(recv);
+    DECL_ANCHOR(args);
+    ID mid = node->nd_mid;
+    VALUE argc;
+    unsigned int flag = 0;
+    struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *keywords = NULL;
+    const rb_iseq_t *parent_block = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block;
+    LABEL *else_label = NULL;
+    VALUE branches = Qfalse;
+
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block = NULL;
+
+    INIT_ANCHOR(recv);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(args);
+#if OPT_SUPPORT_JOKE
+    if (nd_type(node) == NODE_VCALL) {
+        ID id_bitblt;
+        ID id_answer;
+
+        CONST_ID(id_bitblt, "bitblt");
+        CONST_ID(id_answer, "the_answer_to_life_the_universe_and_everything");
+
+        if (mid == id_bitblt) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, bitblt);
+            return COMPILE_OK;
+        }
+        else if (mid == id_answer) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, answer);
+            return COMPILE_OK;
+        }
+    }
+    /* only joke */
+    {
+        ID goto_id;
+        ID label_id;
+
+        CONST_ID(goto_id, "__goto__");
+        CONST_ID(label_id, "__label__");
+
+        if (nd_type(node) == NODE_FCALL &&
+            (mid == goto_id || mid == label_id)) {
+            LABEL *label;
+            st_data_t data;
+            st_table *labels_table = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->labels_table;
+            VALUE label_name;
+
+            if (!labels_table) {
+                labels_table = st_init_numtable();
+                ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->labels_table = labels_table;
+            }
+            if (nd_type(node->nd_args->nd_head) == NODE_LIT &&
+                SYMBOL_P(node->nd_args->nd_head->nd_lit)) {
+
+                label_name = node->nd_args->nd_head->nd_lit;
+                if (!st_lookup(labels_table, (st_data_t)label_name, &data)) {
+                    label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+                    label->position = line;
+                    st_insert(labels_table, (st_data_t)label_name, (st_data_t)label);
+                }
+                else {
+                    label = (LABEL *)data;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "invalid goto/label format");
+                return COMPILE_NG;
+            }
+
+            if (mid == goto_id) {
+                ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, label);
+            }
+            else {
+                ADD_LABEL(ret, label);
+            }
+            return COMPILE_OK;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    const char *builtin_func;
+    if (UNLIKELY(iseq_has_builtin_function_table(iseq)) &&
+        (builtin_func = iseq_builtin_function_name(type, node->nd_recv, mid)) != NULL) {
+        return compile_builtin_function_call(iseq, ret, node, line, popped, parent_block, args, builtin_func);
+    }
+
+    /* receiver */
+    if (type == NODE_CALL || type == NODE_OPCALL || type == NODE_QCALL) {
+        int idx, level;
+
+        if (mid == idCall &&
+            nd_type(node->nd_recv) == NODE_LVAR &&
+            iseq_block_param_id_p(iseq, node->nd_recv->nd_vid, &idx, &level)) {
+            ADD_INSN2(recv, nd_line(node->nd_recv), getblockparamproxy, INT2FIX(idx + VM_ENV_DATA_SIZE - 1), INT2FIX(level));
+        }
+        else if (private_recv_p(node)) {
+            ADD_INSN(recv, nd_line(node), putself);
+            flag |= VM_CALL_FCALL;
+        }
+        else {
+            CHECK(COMPILE(recv, "recv", node->nd_recv));
+        }
+
+        if (type == NODE_QCALL) {
+            else_label = qcall_branch_start(iseq, recv, &branches, node, line);
+        }
+    }
+    else if (type == NODE_FCALL || type == NODE_VCALL) {
+        ADD_CALL_RECEIVER(recv, line);
+    }
+
+    /* args */
+    if (type != NODE_VCALL) {
+        argc = setup_args(iseq, args, node->nd_args, &flag, &keywords);
+        CHECK(!NIL_P(argc));
+    }
+    else {
+        argc = INT2FIX(0);
+    }
+
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, recv);
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, args);
+
+    debugp_param("call args argc", argc);
+    debugp_param("call method", ID2SYM(mid));
+
+    switch ((int)type) {
+      case NODE_VCALL:
+        flag |= VM_CALL_VCALL;
+        /* VCALL is funcall, so fall through */
+      case NODE_FCALL:
+        flag |= VM_CALL_FCALL;
+    }
+
+    ADD_SEND_R(ret, line, mid, argc, parent_block, INT2FIX(flag), keywords);
+
+    qcall_branch_end(iseq, ret, else_label, branches, node, line);
+    if (popped) {
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+
+static int iseq_compile_each0(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *node, int popped);
+/**
+  compile each node
+
+  self:  InstructionSequence
+  node:  Ruby compiled node
+  popped: This node will be popped
+ */
+static int
+iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, const NODE *node, int popped)
+{
+    if (node == 0) {
+        if (!popped) {
+            int lineno = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line;
+            if (lineno == 0) lineno = FIX2INT(rb_iseq_first_lineno(iseq));
+            debugs("node: NODE_NIL(implicit)\n");
+            ADD_INSN(ret, lineno, putnil);
+        }
+        return COMPILE_OK;
+    }
+    return iseq_compile_each0(iseq, ret, node, popped);
+}
+
+static int
+check_yield_place(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    switch (iseq->body->local_iseq->body->type) {
+      case ISEQ_TYPE_TOP:
+      case ISEQ_TYPE_MAIN:
+      case ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS:
+        return FALSE;
+      default:
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+iseq_compile_each0(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = (int)nd_line(node);
+    const enum node_type type = nd_type(node);
+    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+
+    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line == line) {
+	/* ignore */
+    }
+    else {
+	if (node->flags & NODE_FL_NEWLINE) {
+	    int event = RUBY_EVENT_LINE;
+	    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line = line;
+	    if (ISEQ_COVERAGE(iseq) && ISEQ_LINE_COVERAGE(iseq)) {
+		event |= RUBY_EVENT_COVERAGE_LINE;
+	    }
+	    ADD_TRACE(ret, event);
 	}
+    }
+
+    debug_node_start(node);
+#undef BEFORE_RETURN
+#define BEFORE_RETURN debug_node_end()
 
-	iseq->compile_data->ensure_node_stack = enl.prev;
+    switch (type) {
+      case NODE_BLOCK:{
+	while (node && nd_type(node) == NODE_BLOCK) {
+	    CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "BLOCK body", node->nd_head,
+			   (node->nd_next ? 1 : popped)));
+	    node = node->nd_next;
+	}
+	if (node) {
+	    CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "BLOCK next", node->nd_next, popped));
+	}
+	break;
+      }
+      case NODE_IF:
+      case NODE_UNLESS:
+	CHECK(compile_if(iseq, ret, node, popped, type));
+	break;
+      case NODE_CASE:
+	CHECK(compile_case(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_CASE2:
+	CHECK(compile_case2(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_CASE3:
+        CHECK(compile_case3(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+        break;
+      case NODE_WHILE:
+      case NODE_UNTIL:
+	CHECK(compile_loop(iseq, ret, node, popped, type));
+	break;
+      case NODE_FOR:
+      case NODE_ITER:
+	CHECK(compile_iter(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_FOR_MASGN:
+	CHECK(compile_for_masgn(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_BREAK:
+	CHECK(compile_break(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_NEXT:
+	CHECK(compile_next(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_REDO:
+	CHECK(compile_redo(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_RETRY:
+	CHECK(compile_retry(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_BEGIN:{
+	CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "NODE_BEGIN", node->nd_body, popped));
 	break;
       }
+      case NODE_RESCUE:
+	CHECK(compile_rescue(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_RESBODY:
+	CHECK(compile_resbody(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_ENSURE:
+	CHECK(compile_ensure(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
 
       case NODE_AND:
       case NODE_OR:{
 	LABEL *end_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	COMPILE(ret, "nd_1st", node->nd_1st);
-	if (!poped) {
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "nd_1st", node->nd_1st));
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
 	}
 	if (type == NODE_AND) {
@@ -4053,93 +7635,93 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	else {
 	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, end_label);
 	}
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
-	COMPILE_(ret, "nd_2nd", node->nd_2nd, poped);
+	CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "nd_2nd", node->nd_2nd, popped));
 	ADD_LABEL(ret, end_label);
 	break;
       }
 
       case NODE_MASGN:{
-	compile_massign(iseq, ret, node, poped);
+	compile_massign(iseq, ret, node, popped);
 	break;
       }
 
       case NODE_LASGN:{
 	ID id = node->nd_vid;
-	int idx = iseq->local_iseq->local_size - get_local_var_idx(iseq, id);
+	int idx = body->local_iseq->body->local_table_size - get_local_var_idx(iseq, id);
 
-	debugs("lvar: %"PRIsVALUE" idx: %d\n", rb_id2str(id), idx);
-	COMPILE(ret, "rvalue", node->nd_value);
+	debugs("lvar: %s idx: %d\n", rb_id2name(id), idx);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "rvalue", node->nd_value));
 
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
 	}
-	ADD_INSN2(ret, line, setlocal, INT2FIX(idx), INT2FIX(get_lvar_level(iseq)));
-
+	ADD_SETLOCAL(ret, line, idx, get_lvar_level(iseq));
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_DASGN:
       case NODE_DASGN_CURR:{
 	int idx, lv, ls;
-	COMPILE(ret, "dvalue", node->nd_value);
-	debugi("dassn id", rb_id2str(node->nd_vid) ? node->nd_vid : '*');
+	ID id = node->nd_vid;
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "dvalue", node->nd_value));
+	debugi("dassn id", rb_id2str(id) ? id : '*');
 
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
 	}
 
-	idx = get_dyna_var_idx(iseq, node->nd_vid, &lv, &ls);
+	idx = get_dyna_var_idx(iseq, id, &lv, &ls);
 
 	if (idx < 0) {
-	    rb_bug("NODE_DASGN(_CURR): unknown id (%"PRIsVALUE")", rb_id2str(node->nd_vid));
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "NODE_DASGN(_CURR): unknown id (%"PRIsVALUE")",
+			  rb_id2str(id));
+	    goto ng;
 	}
-
-	ADD_INSN2(ret, line, setlocal, INT2FIX(ls - idx), INT2FIX(lv));
+	ADD_SETLOCAL(ret, line, ls - idx, lv);
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_GASGN:{
-	COMPILE(ret, "lvalue", node->nd_value);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "lvalue", node->nd_value));
 
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
 	}
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setglobal,
-		  ((VALUE)node->nd_entry | 1));
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setglobal, ID2SYM(node->nd_entry));
 	break;
       }
-      case NODE_IASGN:
-      case NODE_IASGN2:{
-	COMPILE(ret, "lvalue", node->nd_value);
-	if (!poped) {
+      case NODE_IASGN:{
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "lvalue", node->nd_value));
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
 	}
 	ADD_INSN2(ret, line, setinstancevariable,
-		  ID2SYM(node->nd_vid), INT2FIX(iseq->is_size++));
+		  ID2SYM(node->nd_vid),
+		  get_ivar_ic_value(iseq,node->nd_vid));
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_CDECL:{
-	COMPILE(ret, "lvalue", node->nd_value);
+        CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "lvalue", node->nd_value));
 
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
-	}
+        if (!popped) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+        }
 
 	if (node->nd_vid) {
 	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject,
 		      INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_CONST_BASE));
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
 	}
 	else {
 	    compile_cpath(ret, iseq, node->nd_else);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_else->nd_mid));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_else->nd_mid));
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_CVASGN:{
-	COMPILE(ret, "cvasgn val", node->nd_value);
-	if (!poped) {
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "cvasgn val", node->nd_value));
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
 	}
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setclassvariable,
@@ -4147,10 +7729,9 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_OP_ASGN1: {
-	DECL_ANCHOR(args);
 	VALUE argc;
 	unsigned int flag = 0;
-	unsigned int asgnflag = 0;
+	int asgnflag = 0;
 	ID id = node->nd_mid;
 	int boff = 0;
 
@@ -4177,28 +7758,28 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	 *              nd_mid
 	 */
 
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
 	}
 	asgnflag = COMPILE_RECV(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN1 recv", node);
+        CHECK(asgnflag != -1);
 	switch (nd_type(node->nd_args->nd_head)) {
-	  case NODE_ZARRAY:
+	  case NODE_ZLIST:
 	    argc = INT2FIX(0);
 	    break;
 	  case NODE_BLOCK_PASS:
 	    boff = 1;
+            /* fall through */
 	  default:
-	    INIT_ANCHOR(args);
-	    argc = setup_args(iseq, args, node->nd_args->nd_head, &flag, NULL);
-	    ADD_SEQ(ret, args);
+	    argc = setup_args(iseq, ret, node->nd_args->nd_head, &flag, NULL);
+	    CHECK(!NIL_P(argc));
 	}
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, dupn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 1 + boff));
-	flag |= asgnflag;
+        flag |= asgnflag;
 	ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, idAREF, argc, INT2FIX(flag));
 
-	if (id == 0 || id == 1) {
-	    /* 0: or, 1: and
-	       a[x] ||= y
+	if (id == idOROP || id == idANDOP) {
+	    /* a[x] ||= y  or  a[x] &&= y
 
 	       unless/if a[x]
 	       a[x]= y
@@ -4210,18 +7791,16 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	    LABEL *lfin = NEW_LABEL(line);
 
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
-	    if (id == 0) {
-		/* or */
+	    if (id == idOROP) {
 		ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, label);
 	    }
-	    else {
-		/* and */
+	    else { /* idANDOP */
 		ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, label);
 	    }
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 
-	    COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN1 args->body: ", node->nd_args->nd_body);
-	    if (!poped) {
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN1 args->body: ", node->nd_args->nd_body));
+	    if (!popped) {
 		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 2+boff));
 	    }
 	    if (flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT) {
@@ -4247,16 +7826,16 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, lfin);
 	    ADD_LABEL(ret, label);
-	    if (!poped) {
+	    if (!popped) {
 		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 2+boff));
 	    }
 	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, adjuststack, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 2+boff));
 	    ADD_LABEL(ret, lfin);
 	}
 	else {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN1 args->body: ", node->nd_args->nd_body);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN1 args->body: ", node->nd_args->nd_body));
 	    ADD_SEND(ret, line, id, INT2FIX(1));
-	    if (!poped) {
+	    if (!popped) {
 		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 2+boff));
 	    }
 	    if (flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT) {
@@ -4286,9 +7865,11 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
       }
       case NODE_OP_ASGN2:{
 	ID atype = node->nd_next->nd_mid;
-	VALUE asgnflag;
+	ID vid = node->nd_next->nd_vid, aid = rb_id_attrset(vid);
+        int asgnflag;
 	LABEL *lfin = NEW_LABEL(line);
 	LABEL *lcfin = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	LABEL *lskip = 0;
 	/*
 	  class C; attr_accessor :c; end
 	  r = C.new
@@ -4332,22 +7913,28 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	*/
 
 	asgnflag = COMPILE_RECV(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN2#recv", node);
+        CHECK(asgnflag != -1);
+	if (node->nd_next->nd_aid) {
+	    lskip = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchnil, lskip);
+	}
 	ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
-	ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, node->nd_next->nd_vid, INT2FIX(0), INT2FIX(asgnflag));
+        ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, vid, INT2FIX(0), INT2FIX(asgnflag));
 
-	if (atype == 0 || atype == 1) {	/* 0: OR or 1: AND */
+	if (atype == idOROP || atype == idANDOP) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
-	    if (atype == 0) {
+	    if (atype == idOROP) {
 		ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, lcfin);
 	    }
-	    else {
+	    else { /* idANDOP */
 		ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, lcfin);
 	    }
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN2 val", node->nd_value);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN2 val", node->nd_value));
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
 	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(1));
-	    ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, node->nd_next->nd_aid, INT2FIX(1), INT2FIX(asgnflag));
+	    ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, aid, INT2FIX(1), INT2FIX(asgnflag));
 	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, lfin);
 
 	    ADD_LABEL(ret, lcfin);
@@ -4355,21 +7942,29 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 
 	    ADD_LABEL(ret, lfin);
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-	    if (poped) {
+	    if (lskip) {
+		ADD_LABEL(ret, lskip);
+	    }
+	    if (popped) {
 		/* we can apply more optimize */
 		ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	    }
 	}
 	else {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN2 val", node->nd_value);
-	    ADD_SEND(ret, line, node->nd_next->nd_mid,
-		     INT2FIX(1));
-	    if (!poped) {
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN2 val", node->nd_value));
+	    ADD_SEND(ret, line, atype, INT2FIX(1));
+	    if (!popped) {
 		ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
 		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(1));
 	    }
-	    ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, node->nd_next->nd_aid, INT2FIX(1), INT2FIX(asgnflag));
+	    ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, aid, INT2FIX(1), INT2FIX(asgnflag));
+	    if (lskip && popped) {
+		ADD_LABEL(ret, lskip);
+	    }
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+	    if (lskip && !popped) {
+		ADD_LABEL(ret, lskip);
+	    }
 	}
 	break;
       }
@@ -4383,40 +7978,39 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_cObject);
 	    break;
 	  case NODE_COLON2:
-	    COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_CDECL/colon2#nd_head", node->nd_head->nd_head);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_CDECL/colon2#nd_head", node->nd_head->nd_head));
 	    break;
 	  default:
-	    do {
-		COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "%s: invalid node in NODE_OP_CDECL",
-			       ruby_node_name(nd_type(node->nd_head))));
-	    } while (0);
-	    return COMPILE_NG;
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "%s: invalid node in NODE_OP_CDECL",
+			  ruby_node_name(nd_type(node->nd_head)));
+	    goto ng;
 	}
 	mid = node->nd_head->nd_mid;
 	/* cref */
-	if (node->nd_aid == 0) {
+	if (node->nd_aid == idOROP) {
 	    lassign = NEW_LABEL(line);
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup); /* cref cref */
-	    ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_CONST),
+	    ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_CONST_FROM),
 		      ID2SYM(mid), Qfalse); /* cref bool */
 	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, lassign); /* cref */
 	}
 	ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup); /* cref cref */
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getconstant, ID2SYM(mid)); /* cref obj */
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qtrue);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getconstant, ID2SYM(mid)); /* cref obj */
 
-	if (node->nd_aid == 0 || node->nd_aid == 1) {
+	if (node->nd_aid == idOROP || node->nd_aid == idANDOP) {
 	    lfin = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	    if (!poped) ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup); /* cref [obj] obj */
-	    if (node->nd_aid == 0)
+	    if (!popped) ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup); /* cref [obj] obj */
+	    if (node->nd_aid == idOROP)
 		ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, lfin);
-	    else
+	    else /* idANDOP */
 		ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, lfin);
 	    /* cref [obj] */
-	    if (!poped) ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop); /* cref */
+	    if (!popped) ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop); /* cref */
 	    if (lassign) ADD_LABEL(ret, lassign);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_CDECL#nd_value", node->nd_value);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_CDECL#nd_value", node->nd_value));
 	    /* cref value */
-	    if (poped)
+	    if (popped)
 		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(1)); /* cref value cref */
 	    else {
 		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, dupn, INT2FIX(2)); /* cref value cref value */
@@ -4424,16 +8018,16 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	    }
 	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setconstant, ID2SYM(mid)); /* cref [value] */
 	    ADD_LABEL(ret, lfin);			    /* cref [value] */
-	    if (!poped) ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap); /* [value] cref */
+	    if (!popped) ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap); /* [value] cref */
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop); /* [value] */
 	}
 	else {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_CDECL#nd_value", node->nd_value);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_CDECL#nd_value", node->nd_value));
 	    /* cref obj value */
 	    ADD_CALL(ret, line, node->nd_aid, INT2FIX(1));
 	    /* cref value */
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap); /* value cref */
-	    if (!poped) {
+	    if (!popped) {
 		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(1)); /* value cref value */
 		ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap); /* value value cref */
 	    }
@@ -4446,7 +8040,7 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	LABEL *lfin = NEW_LABEL(line);
 	LABEL *lassign;
 
-	if (nd_type(node) == NODE_OP_ASGN_OR) {
+	if (nd_type(node) == NODE_OP_ASGN_OR && nd_type(node->nd_head) != NODE_IVAR) {
 	    LABEL *lfinish[2];
 	    lfinish[0] = lfin;
 	    lfinish[1] = 0;
@@ -4461,7 +8055,7 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	    lassign = NEW_LABEL(line);
 	}
 
-	COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN_AND/OR#nd_head", node->nd_head);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN_AND/OR#nd_head", node->nd_head));
 	ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
 
 	if (nd_type(node) == NODE_OP_ASGN_AND) {
@@ -4473,223 +8067,88 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 
 	ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	ADD_LABEL(ret, lassign);
-	COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN_AND/OR#nd_value", node->nd_value);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN_AND/OR#nd_value", node->nd_value));
 	ADD_LABEL(ret, lfin);
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    /* we can apply more optimize */
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
-      case NODE_CALL:
-	/* optimization shortcut
-	 *   "literal".freeze -> opt_str_freeze("literal")
-	 */
-	if (node->nd_recv && nd_type(node->nd_recv) == NODE_STR &&
-	    node->nd_mid == idFreeze && node->nd_args == NULL &&
-	    iseq->compile_data->current_block == Qfalse &&
-	    iseq->compile_data->option->specialized_instruction) {
-	    VALUE str = rb_fstring(node->nd_recv->nd_lit);
-	    iseq_add_mark_object(iseq, str);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, opt_str_freeze, str);
-	    if (poped) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-	    }
-	    break;
-	}
-	/* optimization shortcut
-	 *   obj["literal"] -> opt_aref_with(obj, "literal")
-	 */
-	if (node->nd_mid == idAREF && !private_recv_p(node) && node->nd_args &&
-	    nd_type(node->nd_args) == NODE_ARRAY && node->nd_args->nd_alen == 1 &&
-	    nd_type(node->nd_args->nd_head) == NODE_STR &&
-	    iseq->compile_data->current_block == Qfalse &&
-	    iseq->compile_data->option->specialized_instruction) {
-	    VALUE str = rb_fstring(node->nd_args->nd_head->nd_lit);
-	    node->nd_args->nd_head->nd_lit = str;
-	    COMPILE(ret, "recv", node->nd_recv);
-	    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, opt_aref_with,
-		      new_callinfo(iseq, idAREF, 1, 0, 0, NULL), str);
-	    if (poped) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-	    }
-	    break;
-	}
-      case NODE_FCALL:
-      case NODE_VCALL:{		/* VCALL: variable or call */
-	/*
-	  call:  obj.method(...)
-	  fcall: func(...)
-	  vcall: func
-	*/
-	DECL_ANCHOR(recv);
-	DECL_ANCHOR(args);
-	ID mid = node->nd_mid;
-	VALUE argc;
-	unsigned int flag = 0;
-	rb_call_info_kw_arg_t *keywords = NULL;
-	VALUE parent_block = iseq->compile_data->current_block;
-	iseq->compile_data->current_block = Qfalse;
-
-	INIT_ANCHOR(recv);
-	INIT_ANCHOR(args);
-#if SUPPORT_JOKE
-	if (nd_type(node) == NODE_VCALL) {
-	    ID id_bitblt;
-	    ID id_answer;
-
-	    CONST_ID(id_bitblt, "bitblt");
-	    CONST_ID(id_answer, "the_answer_to_life_the_universe_and_everything");
-
-	    if (mid == id_bitblt) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, line, bitblt);
-		break;
-	    }
-	    else if (mid == id_answer) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, line, answer);
-		break;
-	    }
-	}
-	/* only joke */
-	{
-	    ID goto_id;
-	    ID label_id;
-
-	    CONST_ID(goto_id, "__goto__");
-	    CONST_ID(label_id, "__label__");
-
-	    if (nd_type(node) == NODE_FCALL &&
-		(mid == goto_id || mid == label_id)) {
-		LABEL *label;
-		st_data_t data;
-		st_table *labels_table = iseq->compile_data->labels_table;
-		ID label_name;
-
-		if (!labels_table) {
-		    labels_table = st_init_numtable();
-		    iseq->compile_data->labels_table = labels_table;
-		}
-		if (nd_type(node->nd_args->nd_head) == NODE_LIT &&
-		    SYMBOL_P(node->nd_args->nd_head->nd_lit)) {
-
-		    label_name = SYM2ID(node->nd_args->nd_head->nd_lit);
-		    if (!st_lookup(labels_table, (st_data_t)label_name, &data)) {
-			label = NEW_LABEL(line);
-			label->position = line;
-			st_insert(labels_table, (st_data_t)label_name, (st_data_t)label);
-		    }
-		    else {
-			label = (LABEL *)data;
-		    }
-		}
-		else {
-		    COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "invalid goto/label format"));
-		}
-
-
-		if (mid == goto_id) {
-		    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, label);
-		}
-		else {
-		    ADD_LABEL(ret, label);
-		}
-		break;
-	    }
-	}
-#endif
-	/* receiver */
-	if (type == NODE_CALL) {
-	    COMPILE(recv, "recv", node->nd_recv);
-	}
-	else if (type == NODE_FCALL || type == NODE_VCALL) {
-	    ADD_CALL_RECEIVER(recv, line);
-	}
-
-	/* args */
-	if (nd_type(node) != NODE_VCALL) {
-	    argc = setup_args(iseq, args, node->nd_args, &flag, &keywords);
-	}
-	else {
-	    argc = INT2FIX(0);
-	}
-
-	ADD_SEQ(ret, recv);
-	ADD_SEQ(ret, args);
-
-	debugp_param("call args argc", argc);
-	debugp_param("call method", ID2SYM(mid));
-
-	switch (nd_type(node)) {
-	  case NODE_VCALL:
-	    flag |= VM_CALL_VCALL;
-	    /* VCALL is funcall, so fall through */
-	  case NODE_FCALL:
-	    flag |= VM_CALL_FCALL;
-	}
-
-	ADD_SEND_R(ret, line, mid, argc, parent_block, INT2FIX(flag), keywords);
-
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-	}
-	break;
-      }
+      case NODE_CALL:   /* obj.foo */
+      case NODE_OPCALL: /* foo[] */
+        if (compile_call_precheck_freeze(iseq, ret, node, line, popped) == TRUE) {
+            break;
+        }
+      case NODE_QCALL: /* obj&.foo */
+      case NODE_FCALL: /* foo() */
+      case NODE_VCALL: /* foo (variable or call) */
+        if (compile_call(iseq, ret, node, type, line, popped) == COMPILE_NG) {
+            goto ng;
+        }
+        break;
       case NODE_SUPER:
       case NODE_ZSUPER:{
 	DECL_ANCHOR(args);
 	int argc;
 	unsigned int flag = 0;
-	rb_call_info_kw_arg_t *keywords = NULL;
-	VALUE parent_block = iseq->compile_data->current_block;
+	struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *keywords = NULL;
+	const rb_iseq_t *parent_block = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block;
 
 	INIT_ANCHOR(args);
-	iseq->compile_data->current_block = Qfalse;
-	if (nd_type(node) == NODE_SUPER) {
+	ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block = NULL;
+	if (type == NODE_SUPER) {
 	    VALUE vargc = setup_args(iseq, args, node->nd_args, &flag, &keywords);
+	    CHECK(!NIL_P(vargc));
 	    argc = FIX2INT(vargc);
 	}
 	else {
 	    /* NODE_ZSUPER */
 	    int i;
-	    rb_iseq_t *liseq = iseq->local_iseq;
+	    const rb_iseq_t *liseq = body->local_iseq;
+	    const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const local_body = liseq->body;
+	    const struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *const local_kwd = local_body->param.keyword;
 	    int lvar_level = get_lvar_level(iseq);
 
-	    argc = liseq->param.lead_num;
+	    argc = local_body->param.lead_num;
 
 	    /* normal arguments */
-	    for (i = 0; i < liseq->param.lead_num; i++) {
-		int idx = liseq->local_size - i;
-		ADD_INSN2(args, line, getlocal, INT2FIX(idx), INT2FIX(lvar_level));
+	    for (i = 0; i < local_body->param.lead_num; i++) {
+		int idx = local_body->local_table_size - i;
+		ADD_GETLOCAL(args, line, idx, lvar_level);
 	    }
 
-	    if (liseq->param.flags.has_opt) {
+	    if (local_body->param.flags.has_opt) {
 		/* optional arguments */
 		int j;
-		for (j = 0; j < liseq->param.opt_num; j++) {
-		    int idx = liseq->local_size - (i + j);
-		    ADD_INSN2(args, line, getlocal, INT2FIX(idx), INT2FIX(lvar_level));
+		for (j = 0; j < local_body->param.opt_num; j++) {
+		    int idx = local_body->local_table_size - (i + j);
+		    ADD_GETLOCAL(args, line, idx, lvar_level);
 		}
 		i += j;
 		argc = i;
 	    }
-	    if (liseq->param.flags.has_rest) {
+	    if (local_body->param.flags.has_rest) {
 		/* rest argument */
-		int idx = liseq->local_size - liseq->param.rest_start;
-		ADD_INSN2(args, line, getlocal, INT2FIX(idx), INT2FIX(lvar_level));
-		argc = liseq->param.rest_start + 1;
+		int idx = local_body->local_table_size - local_body->param.rest_start;
+
+		ADD_GETLOCAL(args, line, idx, lvar_level);
+		ADD_INSN1(args, line, splatarray, Qfalse);
+
+		argc = local_body->param.rest_start + 1;
 		flag |= VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT;
 	    }
-	    if (liseq->param.flags.has_post) {
+	    if (local_body->param.flags.has_post) {
 		/* post arguments */
-		int post_len = liseq->param.post_num;
-		int post_start = liseq->param.post_start;
+		int post_len = local_body->param.post_num;
+		int post_start = local_body->param.post_start;
 
-		if (liseq->param.flags.has_rest) {
+		if (local_body->param.flags.has_rest) {
 		    int j;
 		    for (j=0; j<post_len; j++) {
-			int idx = liseq->local_size - (post_start + j);
-			ADD_INSN2(args, line, getlocal, INT2FIX(idx), INT2FIX(lvar_level));
+			int idx = local_body->local_table_size - (post_start + j);
+			ADD_GETLOCAL(args, line, idx, lvar_level);
 		    }
 		    ADD_INSN1(args, line, newarray, INT2FIX(j));
 		    ADD_INSN (args, line, concatarray);
@@ -4698,242 +8157,204 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 		else {
 		    int j;
 		    for (j=0; j<post_len; j++) {
-			int idx = liseq->local_size - (post_start + j);
-			ADD_INSN2(args, line, getlocal, INT2FIX(idx), INT2FIX(lvar_level));
+			int idx = local_body->local_table_size - (post_start + j);
+			ADD_GETLOCAL(args, line, idx, lvar_level);
 		    }
 		    argc = post_len + post_start;
 		}
 	    }
 
-	    if (liseq->param.flags.has_kw) { /* TODO: support keywords */
-		int local_size = liseq->local_size;
+	    if (local_body->param.flags.has_kw) { /* TODO: support keywords */
+		int local_size = local_body->local_table_size;
 		argc++;
 
 		ADD_INSN1(args, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
 
-		if (liseq->param.flags.has_kwrest) {
-		    ADD_INSN2(args, line, getlocal, INT2FIX(liseq->local_size - liseq->param.keyword->rest_start), INT2FIX(lvar_level));
-		    ADD_SEND (args, line, rb_intern("dup"), INT2FIX(0));
+		if (local_body->param.flags.has_kwrest) {
+		    int idx = local_body->local_table_size - local_kwd->rest_start;
+		    ADD_GETLOCAL(args, line, idx, lvar_level);
 		}
 		else {
 		    ADD_INSN1(args, line, newhash, INT2FIX(0));
+                    flag |= VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT_MUT;
 		}
-		for (i = 0; i < liseq->param.keyword->num; ++i) {
-		    ID id = liseq->param.keyword->table[i];
+		for (i = 0; i < local_kwd->num; ++i) {
+		    ID id = local_kwd->table[i];
 		    int idx = local_size - get_local_var_idx(liseq, id);
 		    ADD_INSN1(args, line, putobject, ID2SYM(id));
-		    ADD_INSN2(args, line, getlocal, INT2FIX(idx), INT2FIX(lvar_level));
+		    ADD_GETLOCAL(args, line, idx, lvar_level);
 		}
 		ADD_SEND(args, line, id_core_hash_merge_ptr, INT2FIX(i * 2 + 1));
-		if (liseq->param.flags.has_rest) {
+		if (local_body->param.flags.has_rest) {
 		    ADD_INSN1(args, line, newarray, INT2FIX(1));
 		    ADD_INSN (args, line, concatarray);
 		    --argc;
 		}
+		flag |= VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT;
 	    }
-	    else if (liseq->param.flags.has_kwrest) {
-		ADD_INSN2(args, line, getlocal, INT2FIX(liseq->local_size - liseq->param.keyword->rest_start), INT2FIX(lvar_level));
-		ADD_SEND (args, line, rb_intern("dup"), INT2FIX(0));
-		if (liseq->param.flags.has_rest) {
+	    else if (local_body->param.flags.has_kwrest) {
+		int idx = local_body->local_table_size - local_kwd->rest_start;
+		ADD_GETLOCAL(args, line, idx, lvar_level);
+
+		if (local_body->param.flags.has_rest) {
 		    ADD_INSN1(args, line, newarray, INT2FIX(1));
 		    ADD_INSN (args, line, concatarray);
 		}
 		else {
 		    argc++;
 		}
+		flag |= VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT;
 	    }
 	}
 
-	/* dummy receiver */
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, nd_type(node) == NODE_ZSUPER ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, putself);
 	ADD_SEQ(ret, args);
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, invokesuper, new_callinfo(iseq, 0, argc, parent_block,
-						       flag | VM_CALL_SUPER | VM_CALL_FCALL, keywords));
+        ADD_INSN2(ret, line, invokesuper,
+                  new_callinfo(iseq, 0, argc, flag | VM_CALL_SUPER | (type == NODE_ZSUPER ? VM_CALL_ZSUPER : 0) | VM_CALL_FCALL, keywords, parent_block != NULL),
+		  parent_block);
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
-      case NODE_ARRAY:{
-	compile_array_(iseq, ret, node, COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_ARRAY, NULL, poped);
+      case NODE_LIST:{
+        CHECK(compile_array(iseq, ret, node, popped) >= 0);
 	break;
       }
-      case NODE_ZARRAY:{
-	if (!poped) {
+      case NODE_ZLIST:{
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newarray, INT2FIX(0));
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_VALUES:{
-	NODE *n = node;
+	const NODE *n = node;
+	if (popped) {
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "NODE_VALUES: must not be popped");
+	}
 	while (n) {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "values item", n->nd_head);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "values item", n->nd_head));
 	    n = n->nd_next;
 	}
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newarray, INT2FIX(node->nd_alen));
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-	}
 	break;
       }
-      case NODE_HASH:{
-	DECL_ANCHOR(list);
-	int type = node->nd_head ? nd_type(node->nd_head) : NODE_ZARRAY;
-
-	INIT_ANCHOR(list);
-	switch (type) {
-	  case NODE_ARRAY:
-	    compile_array(iseq, list, node->nd_head, COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_HASH);
-	    ADD_SEQ(ret, list);
-	    break;
-
-	  case NODE_ZARRAY:
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newhash, INT2FIX(0));
-	    break;
-
-	  default:
-	    rb_bug("can't make hash with this node: %s", ruby_node_name(type));
-	}
-
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-	}
+      case NODE_HASH:
+        CHECK(compile_hash(iseq, ret, node, FALSE, popped) >= 0);
+        break;
+      case NODE_RETURN:
+	CHECK(compile_return(iseq, ret, node, popped));
 	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_RETURN:{
-	rb_iseq_t *is = iseq;
-
-	if (is) {
-	    if (is->type == ISEQ_TYPE_TOP) {
-		COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "Invalid return"));
-	    }
-	    else {
-		LABEL *splabel = 0;
-
-		if (is->type == ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD) {
-		    splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
-		    ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
-		    ADD_ADJUST(ret, line, 0);
-		}
-
-		COMPILE(ret, "return nd_stts (return val)", node->nd_stts);
-
-		if (is->type == ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD) {
-		    add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 1);
-		    ADD_TRACE(ret, line, RUBY_EVENT_RETURN);
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, line, leave);
-		    ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
-
-		    if (!poped) {
-			ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
-		    }
-		}
-		else {
-		    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, throw, INT2FIX(0x01) /* TAG_RETURN */ );
-		    if (poped) {
-			ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-		    }
-		}
-	    }
-	}
-	break;
-      }
       case NODE_YIELD:{
 	DECL_ANCHOR(args);
 	VALUE argc;
 	unsigned int flag = 0;
-	rb_call_info_kw_arg_t *keywords = NULL;
+	struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *keywords = NULL;
 
 	INIT_ANCHOR(args);
-	if (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_TOP) {
-	    COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "Invalid yield"));
-	}
+
+        if (check_yield_place(iseq) == FALSE) {
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "Invalid yield");
+            goto ng;
+        }
 
 	if (node->nd_head) {
 	    argc = setup_args(iseq, args, node->nd_head, &flag, &keywords);
+	    CHECK(!NIL_P(argc));
 	}
 	else {
 	    argc = INT2FIX(0);
 	}
 
 	ADD_SEQ(ret, args);
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, invokeblock, new_callinfo(iseq, 0, FIX2INT(argc), 0, flag, keywords));
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, invokeblock, new_callinfo(iseq, 0, FIX2INT(argc), flag, keywords, FALSE));
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
+
+        int level = 0;
+        const rb_iseq_t *tmp_iseq = iseq;
+        for (; tmp_iseq != iseq->body->local_iseq; level++ ) {
+            tmp_iseq = tmp_iseq->body->parent_iseq;
+        }
+        if (level > 0) access_outer_variables(iseq, level, rb_intern("yield"), true);
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_LVAR:{
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ID id = node->nd_vid;
-	    int idx = iseq->local_iseq->local_size - get_local_var_idx(iseq, id);
+	    int idx = body->local_iseq->body->local_table_size - get_local_var_idx(iseq, id);
 
-	    debugs("id: %"PRIsVALUE" idx: %d\n", rb_id2str(id), idx);
-	    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getlocal, INT2FIX(idx), INT2FIX(get_lvar_level(iseq)));
+	    debugs("id: %s idx: %d\n", rb_id2name(id), idx);
+	    ADD_GETLOCAL(ret, line, idx, get_lvar_level(iseq));
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_DVAR:{
 	int lv, idx, ls;
 	debugi("nd_vid", node->nd_vid);
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    idx = get_dyna_var_idx(iseq, node->nd_vid, &lv, &ls);
 	    if (idx < 0) {
-		rb_bug("unknown dvar (%"PRIsVALUE")", rb_id2str(node->nd_vid));
+		COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "unknown dvar (%"PRIsVALUE")",
+			      rb_id2str(node->nd_vid));
+		goto ng;
 	    }
-	    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getlocal, INT2FIX(ls - idx), INT2FIX(lv));
+	    ADD_GETLOCAL(ret, line, ls - idx, lv);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_GVAR:{
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getglobal,
-		  ((VALUE)node->nd_entry | 1));
-	if (poped) {
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getglobal, ID2SYM(node->nd_entry));
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_IVAR:{
 	debugi("nd_vid", node->nd_vid);
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getinstancevariable,
-		      ID2SYM(node->nd_vid), INT2FIX(iseq->is_size++));
+		      ID2SYM(node->nd_vid),
+		      get_ivar_ic_value(iseq,node->nd_vid));
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_CONST:{
 	debugi("nd_vid", node->nd_vid);
 
-	if (iseq->compile_data->option->inline_const_cache) {
+	if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->inline_const_cache) {
 	    LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	    int ic_index = iseq->is_size++;
+	    int ic_index = body->is_size++;
 
-	    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getinlinecache, lend, INT2FIX(ic_index));
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setinlinecache, INT2FIX(ic_index));
+            ADD_INSN2(ret, line, opt_getinlinecache, lend, INT2FIX(ic_index));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qtrue);
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, opt_setinlinecache, INT2FIX(ic_index));
 	    ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
 	}
 	else {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qtrue);
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
 	}
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_CVAR:{
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getclassvariable,
 		      ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_NTH_REF:{
-        if (!poped) {
+        if (!popped) {
 	    if (!node->nd_nth) {
 		ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
 		break;
@@ -4944,7 +8365,7 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_BACK_REF:{
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getspecial, INT2FIX(1) /* '~' */,
 		      INT2FIX(0x01 | (node->nd_nth << 1)));
 	}
@@ -4965,71 +8386,77 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 		      INT2FIX(0));
 	    break;
 	  case NODE_MATCH2:
-	    COMPILE(recv, "receiver", node->nd_recv);
-	    COMPILE(val, "value", node->nd_value);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(recv, "receiver", node->nd_recv));
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(val, "value", node->nd_value));
 	    break;
 	  case NODE_MATCH3:
-	    COMPILE(recv, "receiver", node->nd_value);
-	    COMPILE(val, "value", node->nd_recv);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(recv, "receiver", node->nd_value));
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(val, "value", node->nd_recv));
 	    break;
 	}
 
-	if (iseq->compile_data->option->specialized_instruction) {
-	    /* TODO: detect by node */
-	    if (recv->last == recv->anchor.next &&
-		INSN_OF(recv->last) == BIN(putobject) &&
-		nd_type(node) == NODE_MATCH2) {
-		ADD_SEQ(ret, val);
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, opt_regexpmatch1,
-			  OPERAND_AT(recv->last, 0));
-	    }
-	    else {
-		ADD_SEQ(ret, recv);
-		ADD_SEQ(ret, val);
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, opt_regexpmatch2, new_callinfo(iseq, idEqTilde, 1, 0, 0, NULL));
-	    }
-	}
-	else {
-	    ADD_SEQ(ret, recv);
-	    ADD_SEQ(ret, val);
-	    ADD_SEND(ret, line, idEqTilde, INT2FIX(1));
+        ADD_SEQ(ret, recv);
+        ADD_SEQ(ret, val);
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, idEqTilde, INT2FIX(1));
+
+	if (node->nd_args) {
+	    compile_named_capture_assign(iseq, ret, node->nd_args);
 	}
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_LIT:{
 	debugp_param("lit", node->nd_lit);
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, node->nd_lit);
+            RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, node->nd_lit);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_STR:{
-	node->nd_lit = rb_fstring(node->nd_lit);
 	debugp_param("nd_lit", node->nd_lit);
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putstring, node->nd_lit);
+	if (!popped) {
+	    VALUE lit = node->nd_lit;
+	    if (!ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->frozen_string_literal) {
+		lit = rb_fstring(lit);
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putstring, lit);
+                RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, lit);
+	    }
+	    else {
+		if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->debug_frozen_string_literal || RTEST(ruby_debug)) {
+		    VALUE debug_info = rb_ary_new_from_args(2, rb_iseq_path(iseq), INT2FIX(line));
+		    lit = rb_str_dup(lit);
+		    rb_ivar_set(lit, id_debug_created_info, rb_obj_freeze(debug_info));
+		    lit = rb_str_freeze(lit);
+		}
+		else {
+		    lit = rb_fstring(lit);
+		}
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, lit);
+                RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, lit);
+	    }
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_DSTR:{
 	compile_dstr(iseq, ret, node);
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_XSTR:{
-	node->nd_lit = rb_fstring(node->nd_lit);
 	ADD_CALL_RECEIVER(ret, line);
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, node->nd_lit);
+        VALUE str = rb_fstring(node->nd_lit);
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, str);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, str);
 	ADD_CALL(ret, line, idBackquote, INT2FIX(1));
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
@@ -5039,140 +8466,126 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	compile_dstr(iseq, ret, node);
 	ADD_CALL(ret, line, idBackquote, INT2FIX(1));
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
-      case NODE_EVSTR:{
-	COMPILE(ret, "nd_body", node->nd_body);
-
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-	}
-	else {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, tostring);
-	}
+      case NODE_EVSTR:
+	CHECK(compile_evstr(iseq, ret, node->nd_body, popped));
 	break;
-      }
       case NODE_DREGX:{
 	compile_dregx(iseq, ret, node);
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
-      case NODE_DREGX_ONCE:{
-	int ic_index = iseq->is_size++;
-	NODE *dregx_node = NEW_NODE(NODE_DREGX, node->u1.value, node->u2.value, node->u3.value);
-	NODE *block_node = NEW_NODE(NODE_SCOPE, 0, dregx_node, 0);
-	VALUE block_iseq = NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(block_node, make_name_for_block(iseq), ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, line);
+      case NODE_ONCE:{
+	int ic_index = body->is_size++;
+	const rb_iseq_t *block_iseq;
+	block_iseq = NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(node->nd_body, make_name_for_block(iseq), ISEQ_TYPE_PLAIN, line);
 
 	ADD_INSN2(ret, line, once, block_iseq, INT2FIX(ic_index));
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)block_iseq);
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_ARGSCAT:{
-	if (poped) {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "argscat head", node->nd_head);
+	if (popped) {
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "argscat head", node->nd_head));
 	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, splatarray, Qfalse);
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "argscat body", node->nd_body);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "argscat body", node->nd_body));
 	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, splatarray, Qfalse);
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	else {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "argscat head", node->nd_head);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "argscat body", node->nd_body);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "argscat head", node->nd_head));
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "argscat body", node->nd_body));
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, concatarray);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_ARGSPUSH:{
-	if (poped) {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "arsgpush head", node->nd_head);
+	if (popped) {
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "arsgpush head", node->nd_head));
 	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, splatarray, Qfalse);
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-	    COMPILE_(ret, "argspush body", node->nd_body, poped);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "argspush body", node->nd_body, popped));
 	}
 	else {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "arsgpush head", node->nd_head);
-	    COMPILE_(ret, "argspush body", node->nd_body, poped);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "arsgpush head", node->nd_head));
+	    CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "argspush body", node->nd_body, popped));
 	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newarray, INT2FIX(1));
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, concatarray);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_SPLAT:{
-	COMPILE(ret, "splat", node->nd_head);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "splat", node->nd_head));
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, splatarray, Qtrue);
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_DEFN:{
-	VALUE iseqval = NEW_ISEQVAL(node->nd_defn,
-				    rb_id2str(node->nd_mid),
-				    ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD, line);
+        ID mid = node->nd_mid;
+	const rb_iseq_t *method_iseq = NEW_ISEQ(node->nd_defn,
+                                                rb_id2str(mid),
+						ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD, line);
 
-	debugp_param("defn/iseq", iseqval);
+	debugp_param("defn/iseq", rb_iseqw_new(method_iseq));
+        ADD_INSN2(ret, line, definemethod, ID2SYM(mid), method_iseq);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)method_iseq);
 
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_CBASE));
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putiseq, iseqval);
-	ADD_SEND (ret, line, id_core_define_method, INT2FIX(3));
-
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        if (!popped) {
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ID2SYM(mid));
 	}
 
-	debugp_param("defn", iseqval);
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_DEFS:{
-	VALUE iseqval = NEW_ISEQVAL(node->nd_defn,
-				    rb_id2str(node->nd_mid),
-				    ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD, line);
-
-	debugp_param("defs/iseq", iseqval);
-
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
-	COMPILE(ret, "defs: recv", node->nd_recv);
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putiseq, iseqval);
-	ADD_SEND (ret, line, id_core_define_singleton_method, INT2FIX(3));
-
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-	}
+        ID mid = node->nd_mid;
+        const rb_iseq_t * singleton_method_iseq = NEW_ISEQ(node->nd_defn,
+                                                           rb_id2str(mid),
+                                                           ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD, line);
+
+        debugp_param("defs/iseq", rb_iseqw_new(singleton_method_iseq));
+        CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "defs: recv", node->nd_recv));
+        ADD_INSN2(ret, line, definesmethod, ID2SYM(mid), singleton_method_iseq);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)singleton_method_iseq);
+
+        if (!popped) {
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ID2SYM(mid));
+        }
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_ALIAS:{
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_CBASE));
-	COMPILE(ret, "alias arg1", node->u1.node);
-	COMPILE(ret, "alias arg2", node->u2.node);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "alias arg1", node->nd_1st));
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "alias arg2", node->nd_2nd));
 	ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_set_method_alias, INT2FIX(3));
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_VALIAS:{
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ID2SYM(node->u1.id));
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ID2SYM(node->u2.id));
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ID2SYM(node->nd_alias));
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ID2SYM(node->nd_orig));
 	ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_set_variable_alias, INT2FIX(2));
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
@@ -5180,64 +8593,61 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
       case NODE_UNDEF:{
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_CBASE));
-	COMPILE(ret, "undef arg", node->u2.node);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "undef arg", node->nd_undef));
 	ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_undef_method, INT2FIX(2));
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_CLASS:{
-	VALUE iseqval =
-	    NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(
-		node->nd_body,
-		rb_sprintf("<class:%"PRIsVALUE">", rb_id2str(node->nd_cpath->nd_mid)),
-		ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS, line);
-	VALUE noscope = compile_cpath(ret, iseq, node->nd_cpath);
-	int flags = VM_DEFINECLASS_TYPE_CLASS;
-	if (!noscope) flags |= VM_DEFINECLASS_FLAG_SCOPED;
-	if (node->nd_super) flags |= VM_DEFINECLASS_FLAG_HAS_SUPERCLASS;
-	COMPILE(ret, "super", node->nd_super);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defineclass,
-		  ID2SYM(node->nd_cpath->nd_mid), iseqval, INT2FIX(flags));
-
-	if (poped) {
+	const rb_iseq_t *class_iseq = NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(node->nd_body,
+						     rb_sprintf("<class:%"PRIsVALUE">", rb_id2str(node->nd_cpath->nd_mid)),
+						     ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS, line);
+	const int flags = VM_DEFINECLASS_TYPE_CLASS |
+	    (node->nd_super ? VM_DEFINECLASS_FLAG_HAS_SUPERCLASS : 0) |
+	    compile_cpath(ret, iseq, node->nd_cpath);
+
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "super", node->nd_super));
+	ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defineclass, ID2SYM(node->nd_cpath->nd_mid), class_iseq, INT2FIX(flags));
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)class_iseq);
+
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_MODULE:{
-	VALUE iseqval = NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(
-	    node->nd_body,
-	    rb_sprintf("<module:%"PRIsVALUE">", rb_id2str(node->nd_cpath->nd_mid)),
-	    ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS, line);
-
-	VALUE noscope = compile_cpath(ret, iseq, node->nd_cpath);
-	int flags = VM_DEFINECLASS_TYPE_MODULE;
-	if (!noscope) flags |= VM_DEFINECLASS_FLAG_SCOPED;
+        const rb_iseq_t *module_iseq = NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(node->nd_body,
+						      rb_sprintf("<module:%"PRIsVALUE">", rb_id2str(node->nd_cpath->nd_mid)),
+						      ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS, line);
+	const int flags = VM_DEFINECLASS_TYPE_MODULE |
+	    compile_cpath(ret, iseq, node->nd_cpath);
+
 	ADD_INSN (ret, line, putnil); /* dummy */
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defineclass,
-		  ID2SYM(node->nd_cpath->nd_mid), iseqval, INT2FIX(flags));
-	if (poped) {
+	ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defineclass, ID2SYM(node->nd_cpath->nd_mid), module_iseq, INT2FIX(flags));
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)module_iseq);
+
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_SCLASS:{
 	ID singletonclass;
-	VALUE iseqval =
-	    NEW_ISEQVAL(node->nd_body, rb_str_new2("singleton class"),
-			ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS, line);
+	const rb_iseq_t *singleton_class = NEW_ISEQ(node->nd_body, rb_fstring_lit("singleton class"),
+						    ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS, line);
 
-	COMPILE(ret, "sclass#recv", node->nd_recv);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "sclass#recv", node->nd_recv));
 	ADD_INSN (ret, line, putnil);
 	CONST_ID(singletonclass, "singletonclass");
 	ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defineclass,
-		  ID2SYM(singletonclass), iseqval,
+		  ID2SYM(singletonclass), singleton_class,
 		  INT2FIX(VM_DEFINECLASS_TYPE_SINGLETON_CLASS));
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)singleton_class);
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
@@ -5246,17 +8656,17 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	if (rb_is_const_id(node->nd_mid)) {
 	    /* constant */
 	    LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	    int ic_index = iseq->is_size++;
+	    int ic_index = body->is_size++;
 
 	    DECL_ANCHOR(pref);
 	    DECL_ANCHOR(body);
 
 	    INIT_ANCHOR(pref);
 	    INIT_ANCHOR(body);
-	    compile_colon2(iseq, node, pref, body);
-	    if (LIST_SIZE_ZERO(pref)) {
-		if (iseq->compile_data->option->inline_const_cache) {
-		    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getinlinecache, lend, INT2FIX(ic_index));
+	    CHECK(compile_const_prefix(iseq, node, pref, body));
+	    if (LIST_INSN_SIZE_ZERO(pref)) {
+		if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->inline_const_cache) {
+                    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, opt_getinlinecache, lend, INT2FIX(ic_index));
 		}
 		else {
 		    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
@@ -5264,8 +8674,8 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 
 		ADD_SEQ(ret, body);
 
-		if (iseq->compile_data->option->inline_const_cache) {
-		    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setinlinecache, INT2FIX(ic_index));
+		if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->inline_const_cache) {
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, opt_setinlinecache, INT2FIX(ic_index));
 		    ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
 		}
 	    }
@@ -5277,135 +8687,121 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	else {
 	    /* function call */
 	    ADD_CALL_RECEIVER(ret, line);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "colon2#nd_head", node->nd_head);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "colon2#nd_head", node->nd_head));
 	    ADD_CALL(ret, line, node->nd_mid, INT2FIX(1));
 	}
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_COLON3:{
 	LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	int ic_index = iseq->is_size++;
+	int ic_index = body->is_size++;
 
 	debugi("colon3#nd_mid", node->nd_mid);
 
 	/* add cache insn */
-	if (iseq->compile_data->option->inline_const_cache) {
-	    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getinlinecache, lend, INT2FIX(ic_index));
+	if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->inline_const_cache) {
+            ADD_INSN2(ret, line, opt_getinlinecache, lend, INT2FIX(ic_index));
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_cObject);
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qtrue);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
 
-	if (iseq->compile_data->option->inline_const_cache) {
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setinlinecache, INT2FIX(ic_index));
+	if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->inline_const_cache) {
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, opt_setinlinecache, INT2FIX(ic_index));
 	    ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
 	}
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_DOT2:
       case NODE_DOT3:{
-	VALUE flag = type == NODE_DOT2 ? INT2FIX(0) : INT2FIX(1);
-	COMPILE(ret, "min", (NODE *) node->nd_beg);
-	COMPILE(ret, "max", (NODE *) node->nd_end);
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+	int excl = type == NODE_DOT3;
+	VALUE flag = INT2FIX(excl);
+	const NODE *b = node->nd_beg;
+	const NODE *e = node->nd_end;
+
+        if (optimizable_range_item_p(b) && optimizable_range_item_p(e)) {
+	    if (!popped) {
+                VALUE bv = nd_type(b) == NODE_LIT ? b->nd_lit : Qnil;
+                VALUE ev = nd_type(e) == NODE_LIT ? e->nd_lit : Qnil;
+                VALUE val = rb_range_new(bv, ev, excl);
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, val);
+                RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, val);
+	    }
 	}
 	else {
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newrange, flag);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "min", b, popped));
+	    CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "max", e, popped));
+	    if (!popped) {
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newrange, flag);
+	    }
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_FLIP2:
       case NODE_FLIP3:{
 	LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	LABEL *lfin = NEW_LABEL(line);
 	LABEL *ltrue = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	rb_iseq_t *local_iseq = iseq->local_iseq;
-	rb_num_t cnt;
-	VALUE key;
-
-	cnt = local_iseq->flip_cnt++ + DEFAULT_SPECIAL_VAR_COUNT;
-	key = INT2FIX(cnt);
-
-	ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getspecial, key, INT2FIX(0));
-	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, lend);
-
-	/* *flip == 0 */
-	COMPILE(ret, "flip2 beg", node->nd_beg);
-	ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
-	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, lfin);
-	if (nd_type(node) == NODE_FLIP3) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setspecial, key);
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, lfin);
-	}
-	else {
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setspecial, key);
-	}
-
-	/* *flip == 1 */
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
-	COMPILE(ret, "flip2 end", node->nd_end);
-	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, ltrue);
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qfalse);
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setspecial, key);
-
+	LABEL *lfalse = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	CHECK(compile_flip_flop(iseq, ret, node, type == NODE_FLIP2,
+				ltrue, lfalse));
 	ADD_LABEL(ret, ltrue);
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qtrue);
-
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, lfin);
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, lend);
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, lfalse);
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qfalse);
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_SELF:{
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putself);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_NIL:{
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_TRUE:{
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qtrue);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_FALSE:{
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qfalse);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_ERRINFO:{
-	if (!poped) {
-	    if (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE) {
-		ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getlocal, INT2FIX(2), INT2FIX(0));
+	if (!popped) {
+	    if (body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE) {
+		ADD_GETLOCAL(ret, line, LVAR_ERRINFO, 0);
 	    }
 	    else {
-		rb_iseq_t *ip = iseq;
+		const rb_iseq_t *ip = iseq;
 		int level = 0;
 		while (ip) {
-		    if (ip->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE) {
+		    if (ip->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE) {
 			break;
 		    }
-		    ip = ip->parent_iseq;
+		    ip = ip->body->parent_iseq;
 		    level++;
 		}
 		if (ip) {
-		    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getlocal, INT2FIX(2), INT2FIX(level));
+		    ADD_GETLOCAL(ret, line, LVAR_ERRINFO, level);
 		}
 		else {
 		    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
@@ -5414,39 +8810,26 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	}
 	break;
       }
-      case NODE_DEFINED:{
-	if (poped) break;
-	if (!node->nd_head) {
-	    VALUE str = rb_iseq_defined_string(DEFINED_NIL);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, str);
-	}
-	else {
-	    LABEL *lfinish[2];
-	    lfinish[0] = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	    lfinish[1] = 0;
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
-	    defined_expr(iseq, ret, node->nd_head, lfinish, Qtrue);
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-	    if (lfinish[1]) {
-		ADD_LABEL(ret, lfinish[1]);
-	    }
-	    ADD_LABEL(ret, lfinish[0]);
+      case NODE_DEFINED:
+	if (!popped) {
+	    CHECK(compile_defined_expr(iseq, ret, node, Qtrue));
 	}
 	break;
-      }
       case NODE_POSTEXE:{
 	/* compiled to:
 	 *   ONCE{ rb_mRubyVMFrozenCore::core#set_postexe{ ... } }
 	 */
-	int is_index = iseq->is_size++;
-	VALUE once_iseq = NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(
-	    NEW_IFUNC(build_postexe_iseq, node->nd_body),
-	    make_name_for_block(iseq), ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, line);
+	int is_index = body->is_size++;
+        struct rb_iseq_new_with_callback_callback_func *ifunc =
+            rb_iseq_new_with_callback_new_callback(build_postexe_iseq, node->nd_body);
+	const rb_iseq_t *once_iseq =
+            new_child_iseq_with_callback(iseq, ifunc,
+				 rb_fstring(make_name_for_block(iseq)), iseq, ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, line);
 
 	ADD_INSN2(ret, line, once, once_iseq, INT2FIX(is_index));
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)once_iseq);
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
@@ -5454,29 +8837,31 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
       case NODE_KW_ARG:
 	{
 	    LABEL *end_label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	    NODE *default_value = node->nd_body->nd_value;
+	    const NODE *default_value = node->nd_body->nd_value;
 
-	    if (default_value == (NODE *)-1) {
+            if (default_value == NODE_SPECIAL_REQUIRED_KEYWORD) {
 		/* required argument. do nothing */
-		rb_bug("unreachable");
+		COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "unreachable");
+		goto ng;
 	    }
 	    else if (nd_type(default_value) == NODE_LIT ||
 		     nd_type(default_value) == NODE_NIL ||
 		     nd_type(default_value) == NODE_TRUE ||
 		     nd_type(default_value) == NODE_FALSE) {
-		rb_bug("unreachable");
+		COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "unreachable");
+		goto ng;
 	    }
 	    else {
 		/* if keywordcheck(_kw_bits, nth_keyword)
 		 *   kw = default_value
 		 * end
 		 */
-		int kw_bits_idx = iseq->local_size - iseq->param.keyword->bits_start;
-		int keyword_idx = iseq->param.keyword->num;
+		int kw_bits_idx = body->local_table_size - body->param.keyword->bits_start;
+		int keyword_idx = body->param.keyword->num;
 
-		ADD_INSN2(ret, line, checkkeyword, INT2FIX(kw_bits_idx), INT2FIX(keyword_idx));
+		ADD_INSN2(ret, line, checkkeyword, INT2FIX(kw_bits_idx + VM_ENV_DATA_SIZE - 1), INT2FIX(keyword_idx));
 		ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, end_label);
-		COMPILE_POPED(ret, "keyword default argument", node->nd_body);
+		CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ret, "keyword default argument", node->nd_body));
 		ADD_LABEL(ret, end_label);
 	    }
 
@@ -5484,8 +8869,8 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	}
       case NODE_DSYM:{
 	compile_dstr(iseq, ret, node);
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_SEND(ret, line, idIntern, INT2FIX(0));
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, intern);
 	}
 	else {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
@@ -5496,29 +8881,31 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	DECL_ANCHOR(recv);
 	DECL_ANCHOR(args);
 	unsigned int flag = 0;
+	ID mid = node->nd_mid;
 	VALUE argc;
-	int asgnflag;
+        LABEL *else_label = NULL;
+        VALUE branches = Qfalse;
 
 	/* optimization shortcut
 	 *   obj["literal"] = value -> opt_aset_with(obj, "literal", value)
 	 */
-	if (node->nd_mid == idASET && !private_recv_p(node) && node->nd_args &&
-	    nd_type(node->nd_args) == NODE_ARRAY && node->nd_args->nd_alen == 2 &&
+	if (mid == idASET && !private_recv_p(node) && node->nd_args &&
+	    nd_type(node->nd_args) == NODE_LIST && node->nd_args->nd_alen == 2 &&
 	    nd_type(node->nd_args->nd_head) == NODE_STR &&
-	    iseq->compile_data->current_block == Qfalse &&
-	    iseq->compile_data->option->specialized_instruction)
+	    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block == NULL &&
+            !ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->frozen_string_literal &&
+	    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->specialized_instruction)
 	{
 	    VALUE str = rb_fstring(node->nd_args->nd_head->nd_lit);
-	    node->nd_args->nd_head->nd_lit = str;
-	    iseq_add_mark_object(iseq, str);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "recv", node->nd_recv);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "value", node->nd_args->nd_next->nd_head);
-	    if (!poped) {
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "recv", node->nd_recv));
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "value", node->nd_args->nd_next->nd_head));
+	    if (!popped) {
 		ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
 		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(1));
 	    }
-	    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, opt_aset_with,
-		      new_callinfo(iseq, idASET, 2, 0, 0, NULL), str);
+            ADD_INSN2(ret, line, opt_aset_with, str,
+                      new_callinfo(iseq, idASET, 2, 0, NULL, FALSE));
+            RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, str);
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	    break;
 	}
@@ -5526,13 +8913,21 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	INIT_ANCHOR(recv);
 	INIT_ANCHOR(args);
 	argc = setup_args(iseq, args, node->nd_args, &flag, NULL);
+	CHECK(!NIL_P(argc));
 
-	flag |= (asgnflag = COMPILE_RECV(recv, "recv", node));
+        int asgnflag = COMPILE_RECV(recv, "recv", node);
+        CHECK(asgnflag != -1);
+        flag |= (unsigned int)asgnflag;
 
 	debugp_param("argc", argc);
-	debugp_param("nd_mid", ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
+	debugp_param("nd_mid", ID2SYM(mid));
 
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!rb_is_attrset_id(mid)) {
+	    /* safe nav attr */
+	    mid = rb_id_attrset(mid);
+            else_label = qcall_branch_start(iseq, recv, &branches, node, line);
+	}
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
 	    ADD_SEQ(ret, recv);
 	    ADD_SEQ(ret, args);
@@ -5541,7 +8936,7 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(1));
 		if (flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT) {
 		    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(-1));
-		    ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(1), INT2FIX(asgnflag));
+                    ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(1), INT2FIX(asgnflag));
 		}
 		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 3));
 		ADD_INSN (ret, line, pop);
@@ -5549,7 +8944,7 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	    else if (flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT) {
 		ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
 		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(-1));
-		ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(1), INT2FIX(asgnflag));
+                ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(1), INT2FIX(asgnflag));
 		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 2));
 		ADD_INSN (ret, line, pop);
 	    }
@@ -5561,40 +8956,33 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	    ADD_SEQ(ret, recv);
 	    ADD_SEQ(ret, args);
 	}
-	ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, node->nd_mid, argc, INT2FIX(flag));
+	ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, mid, argc, INT2FIX(flag));
+        qcall_branch_end(iseq, ret, else_label, branches, node, line);
 	ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 
 	break;
       }
-      case NODE_PRELUDE:{
-	COMPILE_POPED(ret, "prelude", node->nd_head);
-	COMPILE_(ret, "body", node->nd_body, poped);
-	break;
-      }
       case NODE_LAMBDA:{
 	/* compile same as lambda{...} */
-	VALUE block = NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(node->nd_body, make_name_for_block(iseq), ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, line);
+	const rb_iseq_t *block = NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(node->nd_body, make_name_for_block(iseq), ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, line);
 	VALUE argc = INT2FIX(0);
+
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
 	ADD_CALL_WITH_BLOCK(ret, line, idLambda, argc, block);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)block);
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       default:
-	rb_bug("iseq_compile_each: unknown node: %s", ruby_node_name(type));
+	UNKNOWN_NODE("iseq_compile_each", node, COMPILE_NG);
+      ng:
+	debug_node_end();
 	return COMPILE_NG;
     }
 
-    /* check & remove redundant trace(line) */
-    if (saved_last_element && ret /* ret can be 0 when error */ &&
-	ret->last == saved_last_element &&
-	((INSN *)saved_last_element)->insn_id == BIN(trace)) {
-	POP_ELEMENT(ret);
-    }
-
     debug_node_end();
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
@@ -5612,21 +9000,22 @@ insn_data_length(INSN *iobj)
 static int
 calc_sp_depth(int depth, INSN *insn)
 {
-    return insn_stack_increase(depth, insn->insn_id, insn->operands);
+    return comptime_insn_stack_increase(depth, insn->insn_id, insn->operands);
 }
 
 static VALUE
 opobj_inspect(VALUE obj)
 {
-    struct RBasic *r = (struct RBasic *) obj;
-    if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(r)  && r->klass == 0) {
-	switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(r)) {
+    if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj) && !RBASIC_CLASS(obj)) {
+        switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
 	  case T_STRING:
 	    obj = rb_str_new_cstr(RSTRING_PTR(obj));
 	    break;
 	  case T_ARRAY:
 	    obj = rb_ary_dup(obj);
 	    break;
+          default:
+            break;
 	}
     }
     return rb_inspect(obj);
@@ -5650,7 +9039,7 @@ insn_data_to_s_detail(INSN *iobj)
 	      case TS_OFFSET:	/* label(destination position) */
 		{
 		    LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, j);
-		    rb_str_catf(str, "<L%03d>", lobj->label_no);
+		    rb_str_catf(str, LABEL_FORMAT, lobj->label_no);
 		    break;
 		}
 		break;
@@ -5659,7 +9048,7 @@ insn_data_to_s_detail(INSN *iobj)
 		    rb_iseq_t *iseq = (rb_iseq_t *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, j);
 		    VALUE val = Qnil;
 		    if (0 && iseq) { /* TODO: invalidate now */
-			val = iseq->self;
+			val = (VALUE)iseq;
 		    }
 		    rb_str_concat(str, opobj_inspect(val));
 		}
@@ -5669,29 +9058,27 @@ insn_data_to_s_detail(INSN *iobj)
 	      case TS_VALUE:	/* VALUE */
 		{
 		    VALUE v = OPERAND_AT(iobj, j);
-		    rb_str_concat(str, opobj_inspect(v));
+                    if (!CLASS_OF(v))
+                        rb_str_cat2(str, "<hidden>");
+                    else {
+                        rb_str_concat(str, opobj_inspect(v));
+                    }
 		    break;
 		}
 	      case TS_ID:	/* ID */
 		rb_str_concat(str, opobj_inspect(OPERAND_AT(iobj, j)));
 		break;
-	      case TS_GENTRY:
-		{
-		    struct rb_global_entry *entry = (struct rb_global_entry *)
-		      (OPERAND_AT(iobj, j) & (~1));
-		    rb_str_append(str, rb_id2str(entry->id));
-		    break;
-		}
 	      case TS_IC:	/* inline cache */
+	      case TS_IVC:	/* inline ivar cache */
+	      case TS_ISE:	/* inline storage entry */
 		rb_str_catf(str, "<ic:%d>", FIX2INT(OPERAND_AT(iobj, j)));
 		break;
-	      case TS_CALLINFO: /* call info */
+              case TS_CALLDATA: /* we store these as call infos at compile time */
 		{
-		    rb_call_info_t *ci = (rb_call_info_t *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, j);
-		    rb_str_cat2(str, "<callinfo:");
-		    if (ci->mid)
-			rb_str_catf(str, "%"PRIsVALUE, rb_id2str(ci->mid));
-		    rb_str_catf(str, ", %d>", ci->orig_argc);
+                    const struct rb_callinfo *ci = (struct rb_callinfo *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, j);
+                    rb_str_cat2(str, "<calldata:");
+                    if (vm_ci_mid(ci)) rb_str_catf(str, "%"PRIsVALUE, rb_id2str(vm_ci_mid(ci)));
+                    rb_str_catf(str, ", %d>", vm_ci_argc(ci));
 		    break;
 		}
 	      case TS_CDHASH:	/* case/when condition cache */
@@ -5699,7 +9086,7 @@ insn_data_to_s_detail(INSN *iobj)
 		break;
 	      case TS_FUNCPTR:
 		{
-		    rb_insn_func_t func = (rb_insn_func_t)OPERAND_AT(iobj, j);
+		    void *func = (void *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, j);
 #ifdef HAVE_DLADDR
 		    Dl_info info;
 		    if (dladdr(func, &info) && info.dli_sname) {
@@ -5710,6 +9097,9 @@ insn_data_to_s_detail(INSN *iobj)
 		    rb_str_catf(str, "<%p>", func);
 		}
 		break;
+              case TS_BUILTIN:
+                rb_str_cat2(str, "<TS_BUILTIN>");
+                break;
 	      default:{
 		rb_raise(rb_eSyntaxError, "unknown operand type: %c", type);
 	      }
@@ -5723,7 +9113,13 @@ insn_data_to_s_detail(INSN *iobj)
 }
 
 static void
-dump_disasm_list(struct iseq_link_element *link)
+dump_disasm_list(const LINK_ELEMENT *link)
+{
+    dump_disasm_list_with_cursor(link, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static void
+dump_disasm_list_with_cursor(const LINK_ELEMENT *link, const LINK_ELEMENT *curr, const LABEL *dest)
 {
     int pos = 0;
     INSN *iobj;
@@ -5733,30 +9129,33 @@ dump_disasm_list(struct iseq_link_element *link)
     printf("-- raw disasm--------\n");
 
     while (link) {
+	if (curr) printf(curr == link ? "*" : " ");
 	switch (link->type) {
 	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN:
 	    {
 		iobj = (INSN *)link;
 		str = insn_data_to_s_detail(iobj);
-		printf("%04d %-65s(%4d)\n", pos, StringValueCStr(str), iobj->line_no);
+		printf("  %04d %-65s(%4u)\n", pos, StringValueCStr(str), iobj->insn_info.line_no);
 		pos += insn_data_length(iobj);
 		break;
 	    }
 	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL:
 	    {
 		lobj = (LABEL *)link;
-		printf("<L%03d>\n", lobj->label_no);
+		printf(LABEL_FORMAT" [sp: %d]%s\n", lobj->label_no, lobj->sp,
+		       dest == lobj ? " <---" : "");
 		break;
 	    }
-	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_NONE:
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_TRACE:
 	    {
-		printf("[none]\n");
+		TRACE *trace = (TRACE *)link;
+		printf("  trace: %0x\n", trace->event);
 		break;
 	    }
 	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST:
 	    {
 		ADJUST *adjust = (ADJUST *)link;
-		printf("adjust: [label: %d]\n", adjust->label ? adjust->label->label_no : -1);
+		printf("  adjust: [label: %d]\n", adjust->label ? adjust->label->label_no : -1);
 		break;
 	    }
 	  default:
@@ -5766,21 +9165,22 @@ dump_disasm_list(struct iseq_link_element *link)
 	link = link->next;
     }
     printf("---------------------\n");
+    fflush(stdout);
 }
 
 const char *
 rb_insns_name(int i)
 {
-    return insn_name_info[i];
+    return insn_name(i);
 }
 
 VALUE
 rb_insns_name_array(void)
 {
-    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
+    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new_capa(VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE);
     int i;
-    for (i = 0; i < numberof(insn_name_info); i++) {
-	rb_ary_push(ary, rb_fstring(rb_str_new2(insn_name_info[i])));
+    for (i = 0; i < VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE; i++) {
+	rb_ary_push(ary, rb_fstring_cstr(insn_name(i)));
     }
     return rb_obj_freeze(ary);
 }
@@ -5790,7 +9190,7 @@ register_label(rb_iseq_t *iseq, struct st_table *labels_table, VALUE obj)
 {
     LABEL *label = 0;
     st_data_t tmp;
-    obj = rb_convert_type(obj, T_SYMBOL, "Symbol", "to_sym");
+    obj = rb_to_symbol_type(obj);
 
     if (st_lookup(labels_table, obj, &tmp) == 0) {
 	label = NEW_LABEL(0);
@@ -5799,25 +9199,23 @@ register_label(rb_iseq_t *iseq, struct st_table *labels_table, VALUE obj)
     else {
 	label = (LABEL *)tmp;
     }
+    LABEL_REF(label);
     return label;
 }
 
 static VALUE
 get_exception_sym2type(VALUE sym)
 {
-#undef rb_intern
-#define rb_intern(str) rb_intern_const(str)
-    VALUE sym_inspect;
     static VALUE symRescue, symEnsure, symRetry;
     static VALUE symBreak, symRedo, symNext;
 
     if (symRescue == 0) {
-	symRescue = ID2SYM(rb_intern("rescue"));
-	symEnsure = ID2SYM(rb_intern("ensure"));
-	symRetry  = ID2SYM(rb_intern("retry"));
-	symBreak  = ID2SYM(rb_intern("break"));
-	symRedo   = ID2SYM(rb_intern("redo"));
-	symNext   = ID2SYM(rb_intern("next"));
+	symRescue = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("rescue"));
+	symEnsure = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("ensure"));
+	symRetry  = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("retry"));
+	symBreak  = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("break"));
+	symRedo   = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("redo"));
+	symNext   = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("next"));
     }
 
     if (sym == symRescue) return CATCH_TYPE_RESCUE;
@@ -5826,9 +9224,7 @@ get_exception_sym2type(VALUE sym)
     if (sym == symBreak)  return CATCH_TYPE_BREAK;
     if (sym == symRedo)   return CATCH_TYPE_REDO;
     if (sym == symNext)   return CATCH_TYPE_NEXT;
-    sym_inspect = rb_inspect(sym);
-    rb_raise(rb_eSyntaxError, "invalid exception symbol: %s",
-	     StringValuePtr(sym_inspect));
+    rb_raise(rb_eSyntaxError, "invalid exception symbol: %+"PRIsVALUE, sym);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -5839,33 +9235,38 @@ iseq_build_from_ary_exception(rb_iseq_t *iseq, struct st_table *labels_table,
     int i;
 
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(exception); i++) {
-	VALUE v, type, eiseqval;
-	const VALUE *ptr;
+	const rb_iseq_t *eiseq;
+	VALUE v, type;
 	LABEL *lstart, *lend, *lcont;
 	unsigned int sp;
 
-	v = rb_convert_type(RARRAY_AREF(exception, i), T_ARRAY,
-					 "Array", "to_ary");
+	v = rb_to_array_type(RARRAY_AREF(exception, i));
 	if (RARRAY_LEN(v) != 6) {
 	    rb_raise(rb_eSyntaxError, "wrong exception entry");
 	}
-	ptr  = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(v);
-	type = get_exception_sym2type(ptr[0]);
-	if (ptr[1] == Qnil) {
-	    eiseqval = 0;
+        type = get_exception_sym2type(RARRAY_AREF(v, 0));
+        if (RARRAY_AREF(v, 1) == Qnil) {
+	    eiseq = NULL;
 	}
 	else {
-	    eiseqval = rb_iseq_load(ptr[1], iseq->self, Qnil);
-	}
+            eiseq = rb_iseqw_to_iseq(rb_iseq_load(RARRAY_AREF(v, 1), (VALUE)iseq, Qnil));
+        }
+
+        lstart = register_label(iseq, labels_table, RARRAY_AREF(v, 2));
+        lend   = register_label(iseq, labels_table, RARRAY_AREF(v, 3));
+        lcont  = register_label(iseq, labels_table, RARRAY_AREF(v, 4));
+        sp     = NUM2UINT(RARRAY_AREF(v, 5));
 
-	lstart = register_label(iseq, labels_table, ptr[2]);
-	lend   = register_label(iseq, labels_table, ptr[3]);
-	lcont  = register_label(iseq, labels_table, ptr[4]);
-	sp     = NUM2UINT(ptr[5]);
+	/* TODO: Dirty Hack!  Fix me */
+	if (type == CATCH_TYPE_RESCUE ||
+	    type == CATCH_TYPE_BREAK ||
+	    type == CATCH_TYPE_NEXT) {
+	    ++sp;
+	}
 
-	(void)sp;
+	lcont->sp = sp;
 
-	ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(type, lstart, lend, eiseqval, lcont);
+	ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(type, lstart, lend, eiseq, lcont);
 
 	RB_GC_GUARD(v);
     }
@@ -5877,30 +9278,33 @@ insn_make_insn_table(void)
 {
     struct st_table *table;
     int i;
-    table = st_init_numtable();
+    table = st_init_numtable_with_size(VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE);
 
     for (i=0; i<VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE; i++) {
-	st_insert(table, ID2SYM(rb_intern(insn_name(i))), i);
+	st_insert(table, ID2SYM(rb_intern_const(insn_name(i))), i);
     }
 
     return table;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-iseq_build_load_iseq(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE op)
+static const rb_iseq_t *
+iseq_build_load_iseq(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE op)
 {
-    VALUE iseqval;
+    VALUE iseqw;
+    const rb_iseq_t *loaded_iseq;
+
     if (RB_TYPE_P(op, T_ARRAY)) {
-	iseqval = rb_iseq_load(op, iseq->self, Qnil);
+	iseqw = rb_iseq_load(op, (VALUE)iseq, Qnil);
     }
     else if (CLASS_OF(op) == rb_cISeq) {
-	iseqval = op;
+	iseqw = op;
     }
     else {
 	rb_raise(rb_eSyntaxError, "ISEQ is required");
     }
-    iseq_add_mark_object(iseq, iseqval);
-    return iseqval;
+
+    loaded_iseq = rb_iseqw_to_iseq(iseqw);
+    return loaded_iseq;
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -5908,26 +9312,23 @@ iseq_build_callinfo_from_hash(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE op)
 {
     ID mid = 0;
     int orig_argc = 0;
-    VALUE block = 0;
     unsigned int flag = 0;
-    rb_call_info_kw_arg_t *kw_arg = 0;
+    struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *kw_arg = 0;
 
     if (!NIL_P(op)) {
-	VALUE vmid = rb_hash_aref(op, ID2SYM(rb_intern("mid")));
-	VALUE vflag = rb_hash_aref(op, ID2SYM(rb_intern("flag")));
-	VALUE vorig_argc = rb_hash_aref(op, ID2SYM(rb_intern("orig_argc")));
-	VALUE vblock = rb_hash_aref(op, ID2SYM(rb_intern("blockptr")));
-	VALUE vkw_arg = rb_hash_aref(op, ID2SYM(rb_intern("kw_arg")));
+	VALUE vmid = rb_hash_aref(op, ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("mid")));
+	VALUE vflag = rb_hash_aref(op, ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("flag")));
+	VALUE vorig_argc = rb_hash_aref(op, ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("orig_argc")));
+	VALUE vkw_arg = rb_hash_aref(op, ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("kw_arg")));
 
 	if (!NIL_P(vmid)) mid = SYM2ID(vmid);
 	if (!NIL_P(vflag)) flag = NUM2UINT(vflag);
 	if (!NIL_P(vorig_argc)) orig_argc = FIX2INT(vorig_argc);
-	if (!NIL_P(vblock)) block = iseq_build_load_iseq(iseq, vblock);
 
 	if (!NIL_P(vkw_arg)) {
 	    int i;
 	    int len = RARRAY_LENINT(vkw_arg);
-	    size_t n = sizeof(rb_call_info_kw_arg_t) + sizeof(VALUE) * (len - 1);
+	    size_t n = rb_callinfo_kwarg_bytes(len);
 
 	    kw_arg = xmalloc(n);
 	    kw_arg->keyword_len = len;
@@ -5939,17 +9340,36 @@ iseq_build_callinfo_from_hash(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE op)
 	}
     }
 
-    return (VALUE)new_callinfo(iseq, mid, orig_argc, block, flag, kw_arg);
+    const struct rb_callinfo *ci = new_callinfo(iseq, mid, orig_argc, flag, kw_arg, (flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_SIMPLE) == 0);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, ci);
+    return (VALUE)ci;
 }
+
+static rb_event_flag_t
+event_name_to_flag(VALUE sym)
+{
+#define CHECK_EVENT(ev) if (sym == ID2SYM(rb_intern_const(#ev))) return ev;
+		CHECK_EVENT(RUBY_EVENT_LINE);
+		CHECK_EVENT(RUBY_EVENT_CLASS);
+		CHECK_EVENT(RUBY_EVENT_END);
+		CHECK_EVENT(RUBY_EVENT_CALL);
+		CHECK_EVENT(RUBY_EVENT_RETURN);
+		CHECK_EVENT(RUBY_EVENT_B_CALL);
+		CHECK_EVENT(RUBY_EVENT_B_RETURN);
+#undef CHECK_EVENT
+    return RUBY_EVENT_NONE;
+}
+
 static int
-iseq_build_from_ary_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor,
-		VALUE body, struct st_table *labels_table)
+iseq_build_from_ary_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor,
+			 VALUE body, VALUE labels_wrapper)
 {
     /* TODO: body should be frozen */
-    const VALUE *ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(body);
     long i, len = RARRAY_LEN(body);
+    struct st_table *labels_table = DATA_PTR(labels_wrapper);
     int j;
     int line_no = 0;
+    int ret = COMPILE_OK;
 
     /*
      * index -> LABEL *label
@@ -5961,11 +9381,17 @@ iseq_build_from_ary_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor,
     }
 
     for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
-	VALUE obj = ptr[i];
+        VALUE obj = RARRAY_AREF(body, i);
 
 	if (SYMBOL_P(obj)) {
-	    LABEL *label = register_label(iseq, labels_table, obj);
-	    ADD_LABEL(anchor, label);
+	    rb_event_flag_t event;
+	    if ((event = event_name_to_flag(obj)) != RUBY_EVENT_NONE) {
+		ADD_TRACE(anchor, event);
+	    }
+	    else {
+		LABEL *label = register_label(iseq, labels_table, obj);
+		ADD_LABEL(anchor, label);
+	    }
 	}
 	else if (FIXNUM_P(obj)) {
 	    line_no = NUM2INT(obj);
@@ -5979,18 +9405,27 @@ iseq_build_from_ary_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor,
 	    insn = (argc < 0) ? Qnil : RARRAY_AREF(obj, 0);
 	    if (st_lookup(insn_table, (st_data_t)insn, &insn_id) == 0) {
 		/* TODO: exception */
-		rb_compile_error(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->location.path), line_no,
-				 "unknown instruction: %"PRIsVALUE,
-				 rb_inspect(insn));
+		COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, line_no,
+			      "unknown instruction: %+"PRIsVALUE, insn);
+		ret = COMPILE_NG;
+		break;
 	    }
 
 	    if (argc != insn_len((VALUE)insn_id)-1) {
-		rb_compile_error(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->location.path), line_no,
-				 "operand size mismatch");
+		COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, line_no,
+			      "operand size mismatch");
+		ret = COMPILE_NG;
+		break;
 	    }
 
 	    if (argc > 0) {
-		argv = compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(VALUE) * argc);
+                argv = compile_data_calloc2(iseq, sizeof(VALUE), argc);
+
+                // add element before operand setup to make GC root
+                ADD_ELEM(anchor,
+                         (LINK_ELEMENT*)new_insn_core(iseq, line_no,
+                                                      (enum ruby_vminsn_type)insn_id, argc, argv));
+
 		for (j=0; j<argc; j++) {
 		    VALUE op = rb_ary_entry(obj, j+1);
 		    switch (insn_op_type((VALUE)insn_id, j)) {
@@ -6006,43 +9441,42 @@ iseq_build_from_ary_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor,
 			break;
 		      case TS_VALUE:
 			argv[j] = op;
-			iseq_add_mark_object(iseq, op);
+			RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, op);
 			break;
 		      case TS_ISEQ:
 			{
 			    if (op != Qnil) {
-				argv[j] = iseq_build_load_iseq(iseq, op);
+				VALUE v = (VALUE)iseq_build_load_iseq(iseq, op);
+				argv[j] = v;
+				RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, v);
 			    }
 			    else {
 				argv[j] = 0;
 			    }
 			}
 			break;
-		      case TS_GENTRY:
-			op = rb_convert_type(op, T_SYMBOL, "Symbol", "to_sym");
-			argv[j] = (VALUE)rb_global_entry(SYM2ID(op));
-			break;
+		      case TS_ISE:
 		      case TS_IC:
+                      case TS_IVC:  /* inline ivar cache */
 			argv[j] = op;
-			if (NUM2INT(op) >= iseq->is_size) {
-			    iseq->is_size = NUM2INT(op) + 1;
+			if (NUM2UINT(op) >= iseq->body->is_size) {
+			    iseq->body->is_size = NUM2INT(op) + 1;
 			}
+                        FL_SET((VALUE)iseq, ISEQ_MARKABLE_ISEQ);
 			break;
-		      case TS_CALLINFO:
+                      case TS_CALLDATA:
 			argv[j] = iseq_build_callinfo_from_hash(iseq, op);
 			break;
 		      case TS_ID:
-			argv[j] = rb_convert_type(op, T_SYMBOL,
-						  "Symbol", "to_sym");
+			argv[j] = rb_to_symbol_type(op);
 			break;
 		      case TS_CDHASH:
 			{
 			    int i;
-			    VALUE map = rb_hash_new();
+			    VALUE map = rb_hash_new_with_size(RARRAY_LEN(op)/2);
 
-			    rb_hash_tbl_raw(map)->type = &cdhash_type;
-			    op = rb_convert_type(op, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
-			    op = rb_ary_dup(op);
+                            RHASH_TBL_RAW(map)->type = &cdhash_type;
+			    op = rb_to_array_type(op);
 			    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(op); i+=2) {
 				VALUE key = RARRAY_AREF(op, i);
 				VALUE sym = RARRAY_AREF(op, i+1);
@@ -6052,7 +9486,7 @@ iseq_build_from_ary_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor,
 			    }
 			    RB_GC_GUARD(op);
 			    argv[j] = map;
-			    rb_iseq_add_mark_object(iseq, map);
+			    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, map);
 			}
 			break;
 		      case TS_FUNCPTR:
@@ -6070,56 +9504,58 @@ iseq_build_from_ary_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor,
 		    }
 		}
 	    }
-	    ADD_ELEM(anchor,
-		     (LINK_ELEMENT*)new_insn_core(iseq, line_no,
-						  (enum ruby_vminsn_type)insn_id, argc, argv));
+            else {
+                ADD_ELEM(anchor,
+                         (LINK_ELEMENT*)new_insn_core(iseq, line_no,
+                                                      (enum ruby_vminsn_type)insn_id, argc, NULL));
+            }
 	}
 	else {
 	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "unexpected object for instruction");
 	}
     }
+    DATA_PTR(labels_wrapper) = 0;
     validate_labels(iseq, labels_table);
-    st_free_table(labels_table);
-    iseq_setup(iseq, anchor);
-    return COMPILE_OK;
+    if (!ret) return ret;
+    return iseq_setup(iseq, anchor);
 }
 
-#define CHECK_ARRAY(v)   rb_convert_type((v), T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary")
-#define CHECK_SYMBOL(v)  rb_convert_type((v), T_SYMBOL, "Symbol", "to_sym")
+#define CHECK_ARRAY(v)   rb_to_array_type(v)
+#define CHECK_SYMBOL(v)  rb_to_symbol_type(v)
 
 static int
 int_param(int *dst, VALUE param, VALUE sym)
 {
     VALUE val = rb_hash_aref(param, sym);
-    switch (TYPE(val)) {
-      case T_NIL:
-	return FALSE;
-      case T_FIXNUM:
+    if (FIXNUM_P(val)) {
 	*dst = FIX2INT(val);
 	return TRUE;
-      default:
+    }
+    else if (!NIL_P(val)) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "invalid %+"PRIsVALUE" Fixnum: %+"PRIsVALUE,
 		 sym, val);
     }
     return FALSE;
 }
 
-static void
+static const struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *
 iseq_build_kw(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE params, VALUE keywords)
 {
     int i, j;
     int len = RARRAY_LENINT(keywords);
     int default_len;
     VALUE key, sym, default_val;
+    VALUE *dvs;
+    ID *ids;
+    struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *keyword = ZALLOC(struct rb_iseq_param_keyword);
 
-    iseq->param.flags.has_kw = TRUE;
+    iseq->body->param.flags.has_kw = TRUE;
 
-    iseq->param.keyword = ZALLOC(struct rb_iseq_param_keyword);
-    iseq->param.keyword->num = len;
-#define SYM(s) ID2SYM(rb_intern(#s))
-    (void)int_param(&iseq->param.keyword->bits_start, params, SYM(kwbits));
-    i = iseq->param.keyword->bits_start - iseq->param.keyword->num;
-    iseq->param.keyword->table = &iseq->local_table[i];
+    keyword->num = len;
+#define SYM(s) ID2SYM(rb_intern_const(#s))
+    (void)int_param(&keyword->bits_start, params, SYM(kwbits));
+    i = keyword->bits_start - keyword->num;
+    ids = (ID *)&iseq->body->local_table[i];
 #undef SYM
 
     /* required args */
@@ -6129,17 +9565,21 @@ iseq_build_kw(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE params, VALUE keywords)
 	if (!SYMBOL_P(val)) {
 	    goto default_values;
 	}
-	iseq->param.keyword->table[i] = SYM2ID(val);
-	iseq->param.keyword->required_num++;
+	ids[i] = SYM2ID(val);
+	keyword->required_num++;
     }
 
-default_values: /* note: we intentionally preserve `i' from previous loop */
+  default_values: /* note: we intentionally preserve `i' from previous loop */
     default_len = len - i;
     if (default_len == 0) {
-	return;
+	keyword->table = ids;
+	return keyword;
+    }
+    else if (default_len < 0) {
+        UNREACHABLE;
     }
 
-    iseq->param.keyword->default_values = ALLOC_N(VALUE, default_len);
+    dvs = ALLOC_N(VALUE, (unsigned int)default_len);
 
     for (j = 0; i < len; i++, j++) {
 	key = RARRAY_AREF(keywords, i);
@@ -6155,33 +9595,91 @@ default_values: /* note: we intentionally preserve `i' from previous loop */
 	    default_val = RARRAY_AREF(key, 1);
 	    break;
 	  default:
-	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError,
-		     "keyword default has unsupported len %+"PRIsVALUE,
-		     key);
+	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "keyword default has unsupported len %+"PRIsVALUE, key);
 	}
-	iseq->param.keyword->table[i] = SYM2ID(sym);
-	iseq->param.keyword->default_values[j] = default_val;
+	ids[i] = SYM2ID(sym);
+	dvs[j] = default_val;
     }
+
+    keyword->table = ids;
+    keyword->default_values = dvs;
+
+    return keyword;
 }
 
-VALUE
+void
+rb_iseq_mark_insn_storage(struct iseq_compile_data_storage *storage)
+{
+    INSN *iobj = 0;
+    size_t size = sizeof(INSN);
+    unsigned int pos = 0;
+
+    while (storage) {
+#ifdef STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+        size_t padding = calc_padding((void *)&storage->buff[pos], size);
+#else
+        const size_t padding = 0; /* expected to be optimized by compiler */
+#endif /* STRICT_ALIGNMENT */
+        size_t offset = pos + size + padding;
+        if (offset > storage->size || offset > storage->pos) {
+            pos = 0;
+            storage = storage->next;
+        }
+        else {
+#ifdef STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+            pos += (int)padding;
+#endif /* STRICT_ALIGNMENT */
+
+            iobj = (INSN *)&storage->buff[pos];
+
+            if (iobj->operands) {
+                int j;
+                const char *types = insn_op_types(iobj->insn_id);
+
+                for (j = 0; types[j]; j++) {
+                    char type = types[j];
+                    switch (type) {
+                      case TS_CDHASH:
+                      case TS_ISEQ:
+                      case TS_VALUE:
+                      case TS_CALLDATA: // ci is stored.
+                        {
+                            VALUE op = OPERAND_AT(iobj, j);
+
+                            if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(op)) {
+                                rb_gc_mark(op);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break;
+                      default:
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            pos += (int)size;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
 rb_iseq_build_from_ary(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE misc, VALUE locals, VALUE params,
 			 VALUE exception, VALUE body)
 {
-#define SYM(s) ID2SYM(rb_intern(#s))
+#define SYM(s) ID2SYM(rb_intern_const(#s))
     int i, len;
+    unsigned int arg_size, local_size, stack_max;
     ID *tbl;
     struct st_table *labels_table = st_init_numtable();
+    VALUE labels_wrapper = Data_Wrap_Struct(0, rb_mark_set, st_free_table, labels_table);
     VALUE arg_opt_labels = rb_hash_aref(params, SYM(opt));
     VALUE keywords = rb_hash_aref(params, SYM(keyword));
-    VALUE sym_arg_rest = ID2SYM(rb_intern("#arg_rest"));
+    VALUE sym_arg_rest = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("#arg_rest"));
     DECL_ANCHOR(anchor);
     INIT_ANCHOR(anchor);
 
     len = RARRAY_LENINT(locals);
-    iseq->local_table_size = len;
-    iseq->local_table = tbl = (ID *)ALLOC_N(ID, iseq->local_table_size);
-    iseq->local_size = iseq->local_table_size + 1;
+    iseq->body->local_table_size = len;
+    iseq->body->local_table = tbl = len > 0 ? (ID *)ALLOC_N(ID, iseq->body->local_table_size) : NULL;
 
     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 	VALUE lv = RARRAY_AREF(locals, i);
@@ -6194,65 +9692,65 @@ rb_iseq_build_from_ary(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE misc, VALUE locals, VALUE params,
 	}
     }
 
-    /*
-     * we currently ignore misc params,
-     * local_size, stack_size and param.size are all calculated
-     */
-
-#define INT_PARAM(F) int_param(&iseq->param.F, params, SYM(F))
+#define INT_PARAM(F) int_param(&iseq->body->param.F, params, SYM(F))
     if (INT_PARAM(lead_num)) {
-	iseq->param.flags.has_lead = TRUE;
+	iseq->body->param.flags.has_lead = TRUE;
     }
-    if (INT_PARAM(post_num)) iseq->param.flags.has_post = TRUE;
-    if (INT_PARAM(post_start)) iseq->param.flags.has_post = TRUE;
-    if (INT_PARAM(rest_start)) iseq->param.flags.has_rest = TRUE;
-    if (INT_PARAM(block_start)) iseq->param.flags.has_block = TRUE;
+    if (INT_PARAM(post_num)) iseq->body->param.flags.has_post = TRUE;
+    if (INT_PARAM(post_start)) iseq->body->param.flags.has_post = TRUE;
+    if (INT_PARAM(rest_start)) iseq->body->param.flags.has_rest = TRUE;
+    if (INT_PARAM(block_start)) iseq->body->param.flags.has_block = TRUE;
+#undef INT_PARAM
+    {
+#define INT_PARAM(F) F = (int_param(&x, misc, SYM(F)) ? (unsigned int)x : 0)
+	int x;
+	INT_PARAM(arg_size);
+	INT_PARAM(local_size);
+	INT_PARAM(stack_max);
 #undef INT_PARAM
+    }
 
-    switch (TYPE(arg_opt_labels)) {
-      case T_ARRAY:
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(arg_opt_labels, T_ARRAY)) {
 	len = RARRAY_LENINT(arg_opt_labels);
-	iseq->param.flags.has_opt = !!(len - 1 >= 0);
+	iseq->body->param.flags.has_opt = !!(len - 1 >= 0);
 
-	if (iseq->param.flags.has_opt) {
-	    iseq->param.opt_num = len - 1;
-	    iseq->param.opt_table = (VALUE *)ALLOC_N(VALUE, len);
+	if (iseq->body->param.flags.has_opt) {
+	    VALUE *opt_table = ALLOC_N(VALUE, len);
 
 	    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 		VALUE ent = RARRAY_AREF(arg_opt_labels, i);
 		LABEL *label = register_label(iseq, labels_table, ent);
-
-		iseq->param.opt_table[i] = (VALUE)label;
+		opt_table[i] = (VALUE)label;
 	    }
+
+	    iseq->body->param.opt_num = len - 1;
+	    iseq->body->param.opt_table = opt_table;
 	}
-      case T_NIL:
-	break;
-      default:
+    }
+    else if (!NIL_P(arg_opt_labels)) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, ":opt param is not an array: %+"PRIsVALUE,
 		 arg_opt_labels);
     }
 
-    switch (TYPE(keywords)) {
-      case T_ARRAY:
-	iseq_build_kw(iseq, params, keywords);
-      case T_NIL:
-	break;
-      default:
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(keywords, T_ARRAY)) {
+	iseq->body->param.keyword = iseq_build_kw(iseq, params, keywords);
+    }
+    else if (!NIL_P(keywords)) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, ":keywords param is not an array: %+"PRIsVALUE,
 		 keywords);
     }
 
     if (Qtrue == rb_hash_aref(params, SYM(ambiguous_param0))) {
-	iseq->param.flags.ambiguous_param0 = TRUE;
+	iseq->body->param.flags.ambiguous_param0 = TRUE;
     }
 
     if (int_param(&i, params, SYM(kwrest))) {
-        if (!iseq->param.keyword) {
-          iseq->param.keyword = ZALLOC(struct rb_iseq_param_keyword);
-        }
-        iseq->param.keyword->rest_start = i;
-        iseq->param.flags.has_kwrest = TRUE;
-
+	struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *keyword = (struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *)iseq->body->param.keyword;
+	if (keyword == NULL) {
+	    iseq->body->param.keyword = keyword = ZALLOC(struct rb_iseq_param_keyword);
+	}
+	keyword->rest_start = i;
+	iseq->body->param.flags.has_kwrest = TRUE;
     }
 #undef SYM
     iseq_calc_param_size(iseq);
@@ -6261,49 +9759,49 @@ rb_iseq_build_from_ary(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE misc, VALUE locals, VALUE params,
     iseq_build_from_ary_exception(iseq, labels_table, exception);
 
     /* body */
-    iseq_build_from_ary_body(iseq, anchor, body, labels_table);
-    return iseq->self;
+    iseq_build_from_ary_body(iseq, anchor, body, labels_wrapper);
+
+    iseq->body->param.size = arg_size;
+    iseq->body->local_table_size = local_size;
+    iseq->body->stack_max = stack_max;
 }
 
 /* for parser */
 
 int
-rb_dvar_defined(ID id)
+rb_dvar_defined(ID id, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
-    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
-    rb_iseq_t *iseq;
-    if (th->base_block && (iseq = th->base_block->iseq)) {
-	while (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK ||
-	       iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE ||
-	       iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE ||
-	       iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL ||
-	       iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_MAIN
+    if (iseq) {
+	const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *body = iseq->body;
+	while (body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK ||
+	       body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE ||
+	       body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE ||
+	       body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL ||
+	       body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_MAIN
 	       ) {
-	    int i;
+	    unsigned int i;
 
-	    for (i = 0; i < iseq->local_table_size; i++) {
-		if (iseq->local_table[i] == id) {
+	    for (i = 0; i < body->local_table_size; i++) {
+		if (body->local_table[i] == id) {
 		    return 1;
 		}
 	    }
-	    iseq = iseq->parent_iseq;
+	    iseq = body->parent_iseq;
+	    body = iseq->body;
 	}
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
 int
-rb_local_defined(ID id)
+rb_local_defined(ID id, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
-    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
-    rb_iseq_t *iseq;
-
-    if (th->base_block && th->base_block->iseq) {
-	int i;
-	iseq = th->base_block->iseq->local_iseq;
+    if (iseq) {
+	unsigned int i;
+	const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body->local_iseq->body;
 
-	for (i=0; i<iseq->local_table_size; i++) {
-	    if (iseq->local_table[i] == id) {
+	for (i=0; i<body->local_table_size; i++) {
+	    if (body->local_table[i] == id) {
 		return 1;
 	    }
 	}
@@ -6311,106 +9809,2366 @@ rb_local_defined(ID id)
     return 0;
 }
 
-int
-rb_parse_in_eval(void)
-{
-    return GET_THREAD()->parse_in_eval > 0;
-}
-
-int
-rb_parse_in_main(void)
-{
-    return GET_THREAD()->parse_in_eval < 0;
-}
-
 static int
-caller_location(VALUE *path, VALUE *absolute_path)
+caller_location(VALUE *path, VALUE *realpath)
 {
-    const rb_thread_t *const th = GET_THREAD();
+    const rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
     const rb_control_frame_t *const cfp =
-	rb_vm_get_ruby_level_next_cfp(th, th->cfp);
+        rb_vm_get_ruby_level_next_cfp(ec, ec->cfp);
 
     if (cfp) {
 	int line = rb_vm_get_sourceline(cfp);
-	*path = cfp->iseq->location.path;
-	*absolute_path = cfp->iseq->location.absolute_path;
+	*path = rb_iseq_path(cfp->iseq);
+	*realpath = rb_iseq_realpath(cfp->iseq);
 	return line;
     }
     else {
-	*path = rb_str_new2("<compiled>");
-	*absolute_path = *path;
+	*path = rb_fstring_lit("<compiled>");
+	*realpath = *path;
 	return 1;
     }
 }
 
 typedef struct {
     VALUE arg;
-    rb_insn_func_t func;
+    VALUE func;
     int line;
 } accessor_args;
 
-static VALUE
-method_for_self(VALUE name, VALUE arg, rb_insn_func_t func,
-		VALUE (*build)(rb_iseq_t *, LINK_ANCHOR *, VALUE))
+static const rb_iseq_t *
+method_for_self(VALUE name, VALUE arg, const struct rb_builtin_function *func,
+                void (*build)(rb_iseq_t *, LINK_ANCHOR *, const void *))
 {
-    VALUE path, absolute_path;
+    VALUE path, realpath;
     accessor_args acc;
 
     acc.arg = arg;
-    acc.func = func;
-    acc.line = caller_location(&path, &absolute_path);
-    return rb_iseq_new_with_opt(NEW_IFUNC(build, (VALUE)&acc),
-				rb_sym2str(name), path, absolute_path,
-				INT2FIX(acc.line), 0, ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD, 0);
+    acc.func = (VALUE)func;
+    acc.line = caller_location(&path, &realpath);
+    struct rb_iseq_new_with_callback_callback_func *ifunc =
+        rb_iseq_new_with_callback_new_callback(build, &acc);
+    return rb_iseq_new_with_callback(ifunc,
+			     rb_sym2str(name), path, realpath,
+			     INT2FIX(acc.line), 0, ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD, 0);
 }
 
-static VALUE
-for_self_aref(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, VALUE a)
+static void
+for_self_aref(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, const void *a)
 {
     const accessor_args *const args = (void *)a;
     const int line = args->line;
+    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
 
     iseq_set_local_table(iseq, 0);
-    iseq->param.lead_num = 0;
-    iseq->param.size = 0;
+    body->param.lead_num = 0;
+    body->param.size = 0;
 
     ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, args->arg);
-    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, opt_call_c_function, (VALUE)args->func);
-    return Qnil;
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, invokebuiltin, args->func);
 }
 
-static VALUE
-for_self_aset(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, VALUE a)
+static void
+for_self_aset(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, const void *a)
 {
     const accessor_args *const args = (void *)a;
     const int line = args->line;
+    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
     static const ID vars[] = {1, idUScore};
 
     iseq_set_local_table(iseq, vars);
-    iseq->param.lead_num = 1;
-    iseq->param.size = 1;
+    body->param.lead_num = 1;
+    body->param.size = 1;
 
-    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getlocal, INT2FIX(numberof(vars)-0), INT2FIX(0));
+    ADD_GETLOCAL(ret, line, numberof(vars)-1, 0);
     ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, args->arg);
-    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, opt_call_c_function, (VALUE)args->func);
-    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
-    return Qnil;
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, invokebuiltin, args->func);
 }
 
 /*
  * func (index) -> (value)
  */
-VALUE
-rb_method_for_self_aref(VALUE name, VALUE arg, rb_insn_func_t func)
+const rb_iseq_t *
+rb_method_for_self_aref(VALUE name, VALUE arg, const struct rb_builtin_function *func)
 {
     return method_for_self(name, arg, func, for_self_aref);
 }
 
 /*
- * func (index, value) -> (index, value)
+ * func (index, value) -> (value)
  */
-VALUE
-rb_method_for_self_aset(VALUE name, VALUE arg, rb_insn_func_t func)
+const rb_iseq_t *
+rb_method_for_self_aset(VALUE name, VALUE arg, const struct rb_builtin_function *func)
 {
     return method_for_self(name, arg, func, for_self_aset);
 }
+
+/* ISeq binary format */
+
+#ifndef IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+#define IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
+#define IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER 0
+#endif
+
+typedef unsigned int ibf_offset_t;
+#define IBF_OFFSET(ptr) ((ibf_offset_t)(VALUE)(ptr))
+
+#define IBF_MAJOR_VERSION ISEQ_MAJOR_VERSION
+#if RUBY_DEVEL
+#define IBF_DEVEL_VERSION 3
+#define IBF_MINOR_VERSION (ISEQ_MINOR_VERSION * 10000 + IBF_DEVEL_VERSION)
+#else
+#define IBF_MINOR_VERSION ISEQ_MINOR_VERSION
+#endif
+
+struct ibf_header {
+    char magic[4]; /* YARB */
+    unsigned int major_version;
+    unsigned int minor_version;
+    unsigned int size;
+    unsigned int extra_size;
+
+    unsigned int iseq_list_size;
+    unsigned int global_object_list_size;
+    ibf_offset_t iseq_list_offset;
+    ibf_offset_t global_object_list_offset;
+};
+
+struct ibf_dump_buffer {
+    VALUE str;
+    st_table *obj_table; /* obj -> obj number */
+};
+
+struct ibf_dump {
+    st_table *iseq_table; /* iseq -> iseq number */
+    struct ibf_dump_buffer global_buffer;
+    struct ibf_dump_buffer *current_buffer;
+};
+
+rb_iseq_t * iseq_alloc(void);
+
+struct ibf_load_buffer {
+    const char *buff;
+    ibf_offset_t size;
+
+    VALUE obj_list; /* [obj0, ...] */
+    unsigned int obj_list_size;
+    ibf_offset_t obj_list_offset;
+};
+
+struct ibf_load {
+    const struct ibf_header *header;
+    VALUE iseq_list;       /* [iseq0, ...] */
+    struct ibf_load_buffer global_buffer;
+    VALUE loader_obj;
+    rb_iseq_t *iseq;
+    VALUE str;
+    struct ibf_load_buffer *current_buffer;
+};
+
+struct pinned_list {
+    long size;
+    VALUE * buffer;
+};
+
+static void
+pinned_list_mark(void *ptr)
+{
+    long i;
+    struct pinned_list *list = (struct pinned_list *)ptr;
+    for (i = 0; i < list->size; i++) {
+        if (list->buffer[i]) {
+            rb_gc_mark(list->buffer[i]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+pinned_list_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct pinned_list *list = (struct pinned_list *)ptr;
+    xfree(list->buffer);
+    xfree(ptr);
+}
+
+static size_t
+pinned_list_memsize(const void *ptr)
+{
+    struct pinned_list *list = (struct pinned_list *)ptr;
+    return sizeof(struct pinned_list) + (list->size * sizeof(VALUE *));
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t pinned_list_type = {
+    "pinned_list",
+    {pinned_list_mark, pinned_list_free, pinned_list_memsize,},
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+};
+
+static VALUE
+pinned_list_fetch(VALUE list, long offset)
+{
+    struct pinned_list * ptr;
+
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(list, struct pinned_list, &pinned_list_type, ptr);
+
+    if (offset >= ptr->size) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "object index out of range: %ld", offset);
+    }
+
+    return ptr->buffer[offset];
+}
+
+static void
+pinned_list_store(VALUE list, long offset, VALUE object)
+{
+    struct pinned_list * ptr;
+
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(list, struct pinned_list, &pinned_list_type, ptr);
+
+    if (offset >= ptr->size) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "object index out of range: %ld", offset);
+    }
+
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(list, &ptr->buffer[offset], object);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+pinned_list_new(long size)
+{
+    struct pinned_list * ptr;
+    VALUE obj_list =
+        TypedData_Make_Struct(0, struct pinned_list, &pinned_list_type, ptr);
+
+    ptr->buffer = xcalloc(size, sizeof(VALUE));
+    ptr->size = size;
+
+    return obj_list;
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_pos(struct ibf_dump *dump)
+{
+    long pos = RSTRING_LEN(dump->current_buffer->str);
+#if SIZEOF_LONG > SIZEOF_INT
+    if (pos >= UINT_MAX) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "dump size exceeds");
+    }
+#endif
+    return (unsigned int)pos;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_align(struct ibf_dump *dump, size_t align)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t pos = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+    if (pos % align) {
+        static const char padding[sizeof(VALUE)];
+        size_t size = align - ((size_t)pos % align);
+#if SIZEOF_LONG > SIZEOF_INT
+        if (pos + size >= UINT_MAX) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "dump size exceeds");
+        }
+#endif
+        for (; size > sizeof(padding); size -= sizeof(padding)) {
+            rb_str_cat(dump->current_buffer->str, padding, sizeof(padding));
+        }
+        rb_str_cat(dump->current_buffer->str, padding, size);
+    }
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_write(struct ibf_dump *dump, const void *buff, unsigned long size)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t pos = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+    rb_str_cat(dump->current_buffer->str, (const char *)buff, size);
+    /* TODO: overflow check */
+    return pos;
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_write_byte(struct ibf_dump *dump, unsigned char byte)
+{
+    return ibf_dump_write(dump, &byte, sizeof(unsigned char));
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_overwrite(struct ibf_dump *dump, void *buff, unsigned int size, long offset)
+{
+    VALUE str = dump->current_buffer->str;
+    char *ptr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    if ((unsigned long)(size + offset) > (unsigned long)RSTRING_LEN(str))
+        rb_bug("ibf_dump_overwrite: overflow");
+    memcpy(ptr + offset, buff, size);
+}
+
+static const void *
+ibf_load_ptr(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t *offset, int size)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t beg = *offset;
+    *offset += size;
+    return load->current_buffer->buff + beg;
+}
+
+static void *
+ibf_load_alloc(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t offset, size_t x, size_t y)
+{
+    void *buff = ruby_xmalloc2(x, y);
+    size_t size = x * y;
+    memcpy(buff, load->current_buffer->buff + offset, size);
+    return buff;
+}
+
+#define IBF_W_ALIGN(type) (RUBY_ALIGNOF(type) > 1 ? ibf_dump_align(dump, RUBY_ALIGNOF(type)) : (void)0)
+
+#define IBF_W(b, type, n) (IBF_W_ALIGN(type), (type *)(VALUE)IBF_WP(b, type, n))
+#define IBF_WV(variable)   ibf_dump_write(dump, &(variable), sizeof(variable))
+#define IBF_WP(b, type, n) ibf_dump_write(dump, (b), sizeof(type) * (n))
+#define IBF_R(val, type, n) (type *)ibf_load_alloc(load, IBF_OFFSET(val), sizeof(type), (n))
+#define IBF_ZERO(variable) memset(&(variable), 0, sizeof(variable))
+
+static int
+ibf_table_lookup(struct st_table *table, st_data_t key)
+{
+    st_data_t val;
+
+    if (st_lookup(table, key, &val)) {
+        return (int)val;
+    }
+    else {
+        return -1;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+ibf_table_find_or_insert(struct st_table *table, st_data_t key)
+{
+    int index = ibf_table_lookup(table, key);
+
+    if (index < 0) { /* not found */
+        index = (int)table->num_entries;
+        st_insert(table, key, (st_data_t)index);
+    }
+
+    return index;
+}
+
+/* dump/load generic */
+
+static void ibf_dump_object_list(struct ibf_dump *dump, ibf_offset_t *obj_list_offset, unsigned int *obj_list_size);
+
+static VALUE ibf_load_object(const struct ibf_load *load, VALUE object_index);
+static rb_iseq_t *ibf_load_iseq(const struct ibf_load *load, const rb_iseq_t *index_iseq);
+
+static st_table *
+ibf_dump_object_table_new(void)
+{
+    st_table *obj_table = st_init_numtable(); /* need free */
+    st_insert(obj_table, (st_data_t)Qnil, (st_data_t)0); /* 0th is nil */
+
+    return obj_table;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_dump_object(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    return ibf_table_find_or_insert(dump->current_buffer->obj_table, (st_data_t)obj);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_dump_id(struct ibf_dump *dump, ID id)
+{
+    if (id == 0 || rb_id2name(id) == NULL) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return ibf_dump_object(dump, rb_id2sym(id));
+}
+
+static ID
+ibf_load_id(const struct ibf_load *load, const ID id_index)
+{
+    if (id_index == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    VALUE sym = ibf_load_object(load, id_index);
+    return rb_sym2id(sym);
+}
+
+/* dump/load: code */
+
+static ibf_offset_t ibf_dump_iseq_each(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq);
+
+static int
+ibf_dump_iseq(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    if (iseq == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else {
+        return ibf_table_find_or_insert(dump->iseq_table, (st_data_t)iseq);
+    }
+}
+
+static unsigned char
+ibf_load_byte(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t *offset)
+{
+    if (*offset >= load->current_buffer->size) { rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "invalid bytecode"); }
+    return (unsigned char)load->current_buffer->buff[(*offset)++];
+}
+
+/*
+ * Small uint serialization
+ * 0x00000000_00000000 - 0x00000000_0000007f: 1byte | XXXX XXX1 |
+ * 0x00000000_00000080 - 0x00000000_00003fff: 2byte | XXXX XX10 | XXXX XXXX |
+ * 0x00000000_00004000 - 0x00000000_001fffff: 3byte | XXXX X100 | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX |
+ * 0x00000000_00020000 - 0x00000000_0fffffff: 4byte | XXXX 1000 | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX |
+ * ...
+ * 0x00010000_00000000 - 0x00ffffff_ffffffff: 8byte | 1000 0000 | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX |
+ * 0x01000000_00000000 - 0xffffffff_ffffffff: 9byte | 0000 0000 | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX |
+ */
+static void
+ibf_dump_write_small_value(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE x)
+{
+    if (sizeof(VALUE) > 8 || CHAR_BIT != 8) {
+        ibf_dump_write(dump, &x, sizeof(VALUE));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    enum { max_byte_length = sizeof(VALUE) + 1 };
+
+    unsigned char bytes[max_byte_length];
+    ibf_offset_t n;
+
+    for (n = 0; n < sizeof(VALUE) && (x >> (7 - n)); n++, x >>= 8) {
+        bytes[max_byte_length - 1 - n] = (unsigned char)x;
+    }
+
+    x <<= 1;
+    x |= 1;
+    x <<= n;
+    bytes[max_byte_length - 1 - n] = (unsigned char)x;
+    n++;
+
+    ibf_dump_write(dump, bytes + max_byte_length - n, n);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_small_value(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t *offset)
+{
+    if (sizeof(VALUE) > 8 || CHAR_BIT != 8) {
+        union { char s[sizeof(VALUE)]; VALUE v; } x;
+
+        memcpy(x.s, load->current_buffer->buff + *offset, sizeof(VALUE));
+        *offset += sizeof(VALUE);
+
+        return x.v;
+    }
+
+    enum { max_byte_length = sizeof(VALUE) + 1 };
+
+    const unsigned char *buffer = (const unsigned char *)load->current_buffer->buff;
+    const unsigned char c = buffer[*offset];
+
+    ibf_offset_t n =
+        c & 1 ? 1 :
+        c == 0 ? 9 : ntz_int32(c) + 1;
+    VALUE x = (VALUE)c >> n;
+
+    if (*offset + n > load->current_buffer->size) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "invalid byte sequence");
+    }
+
+    ibf_offset_t i;
+    for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+        x <<= 8;
+        x |= (VALUE)buffer[*offset + i];
+    }
+
+    *offset += n;
+    return x;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_builtin(struct ibf_dump *dump, const struct rb_builtin_function *bf)
+{
+    // short: index
+    // short: name.length
+    // bytes: name
+    // // omit argc (only verify with name)
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, (VALUE)bf->index);
+
+    size_t len = strlen(bf->name);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, (VALUE)len);
+    ibf_dump_write(dump, bf->name, len);
+}
+
+static const struct rb_builtin_function *
+ibf_load_builtin(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t *offset)
+{
+    int i = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, offset);
+    int len = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, offset);
+    const char *name = (char *)ibf_load_ptr(load, offset, len);
+
+    if (0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%.*s!!\n", len, name);
+    }
+
+    const struct rb_builtin_function *table = GET_VM()->builtin_function_table;
+    if (table == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "builtin function table is not provided");
+    if (strncmp(table[i].name, name, len) != 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "builtin function index (%d) mismatch (expect %s but %s)", i, name, table[i].name);
+    }
+    // fprintf(stderr, "load-builtin: name:%s(%d)\n", table[i].name, table[i].argc);
+
+    return &table[i];
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_code(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+    const int iseq_size = body->iseq_size;
+    int code_index;
+    const VALUE *orig_code = rb_iseq_original_iseq(iseq);
+
+    ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    for (code_index=0; code_index<iseq_size;) {
+        const VALUE insn = orig_code[code_index++];
+        const char *types = insn_op_types(insn);
+        int op_index;
+
+        /* opcode */
+        if (insn >= 0x100) { rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "invalid instruction"); }
+        ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, insn);
+
+        /* operands */
+        for (op_index=0; types[op_index]; op_index++, code_index++) {
+            VALUE op = orig_code[code_index];
+            VALUE wv;
+
+            switch (types[op_index]) {
+              case TS_CDHASH:
+              case TS_VALUE:
+                wv = ibf_dump_object(dump, op);
+                break;
+              case TS_ISEQ:
+                wv = (VALUE)ibf_dump_iseq(dump, (const rb_iseq_t *)op);
+                break;
+              case TS_IC:
+              case TS_IVC:
+              case TS_ISE:
+                {
+                    unsigned int i;
+                    for (i=0; i<body->is_size; i++) {
+                        if (op == (VALUE)&body->is_entries[i]) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    wv = (VALUE)i;
+                }
+                break;
+              case TS_CALLDATA:
+                {
+                    goto skip_wv;
+                }
+              case TS_ID:
+                wv = ibf_dump_id(dump, (ID)op);
+                break;
+              case TS_FUNCPTR:
+                rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "TS_FUNCPTR is not supported");
+                goto skip_wv;
+              case TS_BUILTIN:
+                ibf_dump_builtin(dump, (const struct rb_builtin_function *)op);
+                goto skip_wv;
+              default:
+                wv = op;
+                break;
+            }
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, wv);
+          skip_wv:;
+        }
+        assert(insn_len(insn) == op_index+1);
+    }
+
+    return offset;
+}
+
+static VALUE *
+ibf_load_code(const struct ibf_load *load, rb_iseq_t *iseq, ibf_offset_t bytecode_offset, ibf_offset_t bytecode_size, unsigned int iseq_size)
+{
+    VALUE iseqv = (VALUE)iseq;
+    unsigned int code_index;
+    ibf_offset_t reading_pos = bytecode_offset;
+    VALUE *code = ALLOC_N(VALUE, iseq_size);
+
+    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *load_body = iseq->body;
+    struct rb_call_data *cd_entries = load_body->call_data;
+    union iseq_inline_storage_entry *is_entries = load_body->is_entries;
+
+    for (code_index=0; code_index<iseq_size;) {
+        /* opcode */
+        const VALUE insn = code[code_index++] = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+        const char *types = insn_op_types(insn);
+        int op_index;
+
+        /* operands */
+        for (op_index=0; types[op_index]; op_index++, code_index++) {
+            switch (types[op_index]) {
+              case TS_CDHASH:
+              case TS_VALUE:
+                {
+                    VALUE op = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+                    VALUE v = ibf_load_object(load, op);
+                    code[code_index] = v;
+                    if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(v)) {
+                        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseqv, Qundef, v);
+                        FL_SET(iseqv, ISEQ_MARKABLE_ISEQ);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+              case TS_ISEQ:
+                {
+                    VALUE op = (VALUE)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+                    VALUE v = (VALUE)ibf_load_iseq(load, (const rb_iseq_t *)op);
+                    code[code_index] = v;
+                    if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(v)) {
+                        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseqv, Qundef, v);
+                        FL_SET(iseqv, ISEQ_MARKABLE_ISEQ);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+              case TS_ISE:
+              case TS_IC:
+              case TS_IVC:
+                {
+                    VALUE op = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+                    code[code_index] = (VALUE)&is_entries[op];
+                }
+                FL_SET(iseqv, ISEQ_MARKABLE_ISEQ);
+                break;
+              case TS_CALLDATA:
+                {
+                    code[code_index] = (VALUE)cd_entries++;
+                }
+                break;
+              case TS_ID:
+                {
+                    VALUE op = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+                    code[code_index] = ibf_load_id(load, (ID)(VALUE)op);
+                }
+                break;
+              case TS_FUNCPTR:
+                rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "TS_FUNCPTR is not supported");
+                break;
+              case TS_BUILTIN:
+                code[code_index] = (VALUE)ibf_load_builtin(load, &reading_pos);
+                break;
+              default:
+                code[code_index] = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+        if (insn_len(insn) != op_index+1) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "operand size mismatch");
+        }
+    }
+    load_body->iseq_encoded = code;
+    load_body->iseq_size = code_index;
+
+    assert(code_index == iseq_size);
+    assert(reading_pos == bytecode_offset + bytecode_size);
+    return code;
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_param_opt_table(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    int opt_num = iseq->body->param.opt_num;
+
+    if (opt_num > 0) {
+        IBF_W_ALIGN(VALUE);
+        return ibf_dump_write(dump, iseq->body->param.opt_table, sizeof(VALUE) * (opt_num + 1));
+    }
+    else {
+        return ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE *
+ibf_load_param_opt_table(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t opt_table_offset, int opt_num)
+{
+    if (opt_num > 0) {
+        VALUE *table = ALLOC_N(VALUE, opt_num+1);
+        MEMCPY(table, load->current_buffer->buff + opt_table_offset, VALUE, opt_num+1);
+        return table;
+    }
+    else {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_param_keyword(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    const struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *kw = iseq->body->param.keyword;
+
+    if (kw) {
+        struct rb_iseq_param_keyword dump_kw = *kw;
+        int dv_num = kw->num - kw->required_num;
+        ID *ids = kw->num > 0 ? ALLOCA_N(ID, kw->num) : NULL;
+        VALUE *dvs = dv_num > 0 ? ALLOCA_N(VALUE, dv_num) : NULL;
+        int i;
+
+        for (i=0; i<kw->num; i++) ids[i] = (ID)ibf_dump_id(dump, kw->table[i]);
+        for (i=0; i<dv_num; i++) dvs[i] = (VALUE)ibf_dump_object(dump, kw->default_values[i]);
+
+        dump_kw.table = IBF_W(ids, ID, kw->num);
+        dump_kw.default_values = IBF_W(dvs, VALUE, dv_num);
+        IBF_W_ALIGN(struct rb_iseq_param_keyword);
+        return ibf_dump_write(dump, &dump_kw, sizeof(struct rb_iseq_param_keyword) * 1);
+    }
+    else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static const struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *
+ibf_load_param_keyword(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t param_keyword_offset)
+{
+    if (param_keyword_offset) {
+        struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *kw = IBF_R(param_keyword_offset, struct rb_iseq_param_keyword, 1);
+        ID *ids = IBF_R(kw->table, ID, kw->num);
+        int dv_num = kw->num - kw->required_num;
+        VALUE *dvs = IBF_R(kw->default_values, VALUE, dv_num);
+        int i;
+
+        for (i=0; i<kw->num; i++) {
+            ids[i] = ibf_load_id(load, ids[i]);
+        }
+        for (i=0; i<dv_num; i++) {
+            dvs[i] = ibf_load_object(load, dvs[i]);
+        }
+
+        kw->table = ids;
+        kw->default_values = dvs;
+        return kw;
+    }
+    else {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_insns_info_body(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+    const struct iseq_insn_info_entry *entries = iseq->body->insns_info.body;
+
+    unsigned int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < iseq->body->insns_info.size; i++) {
+        ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, entries[i].line_no);
+        ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, entries[i].events);
+    }
+
+    return offset;
+}
+
+static struct iseq_insn_info_entry *
+ibf_load_insns_info_body(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t body_offset, unsigned int size)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t reading_pos = body_offset;
+    struct iseq_insn_info_entry *entries = ALLOC_N(struct iseq_insn_info_entry, size);
+
+    unsigned int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        entries[i].line_no = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+        entries[i].events = (rb_event_flag_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    }
+
+    return entries;
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_insns_info_positions(struct ibf_dump *dump, const unsigned int *positions, unsigned int size)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    unsigned int last = 0;
+    unsigned int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, positions[i] - last);
+        last = positions[i];
+    }
+
+    return offset;
+}
+
+static unsigned int *
+ibf_load_insns_info_positions(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t positions_offset, unsigned int size)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t reading_pos = positions_offset;
+    unsigned int *positions = ALLOC_N(unsigned int, size);
+
+    unsigned int last = 0;
+    unsigned int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        positions[i] = last + (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+        last = positions[i];
+    }
+
+    return positions;
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_local_table(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+    const int size = body->local_table_size;
+    ID *table = ALLOCA_N(ID, size);
+    int i;
+
+    for (i=0; i<size; i++) {
+        table[i] = ibf_dump_id(dump, body->local_table[i]);
+    }
+
+    IBF_W_ALIGN(ID);
+    return ibf_dump_write(dump, table, sizeof(ID) * size);
+}
+
+static ID *
+ibf_load_local_table(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t local_table_offset, int size)
+{
+    if (size > 0) {
+        ID *table = IBF_R(local_table_offset, ID, size);
+        int i;
+
+        for (i=0; i<size; i++) {
+            table[i] = ibf_load_id(load, table[i]);
+        }
+        return table;
+    }
+    else {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_catch_table(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    const struct iseq_catch_table *table = iseq->body->catch_table;
+
+    if (table) {
+        int *iseq_indices = ALLOCA_N(int, table->size);
+        unsigned int i;
+
+        for (i=0; i<table->size; i++) {
+            iseq_indices[i] = ibf_dump_iseq(dump, table->entries[i].iseq);
+        }
+
+        const ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+        for (i=0; i<table->size; i++) {
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, iseq_indices[i]);
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, table->entries[i].type);
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, table->entries[i].start);
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, table->entries[i].end);
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, table->entries[i].cont);
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, table->entries[i].sp);
+        }
+        return offset;
+    }
+    else {
+        return ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+    }
+}
+
+static struct iseq_catch_table *
+ibf_load_catch_table(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t catch_table_offset, unsigned int size)
+{
+    if (size) {
+        struct iseq_catch_table *table = ruby_xmalloc(iseq_catch_table_bytes(size));
+        table->size = size;
+
+        ibf_offset_t reading_pos = catch_table_offset;
+
+        unsigned int i;
+        for (i=0; i<table->size; i++) {
+            int iseq_index = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+            table->entries[i].type = (enum catch_type)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+            table->entries[i].start = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+            table->entries[i].end = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+            table->entries[i].cont = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+            table->entries[i].sp = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+
+            table->entries[i].iseq = ibf_load_iseq(load, (const rb_iseq_t *)(VALUE)iseq_index);
+        }
+        return table;
+    }
+    else {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_ci_entries(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+    const unsigned int ci_size = body->ci_size;
+    const struct rb_call_data *cds = body->call_data;
+
+    ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    unsigned int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < ci_size; i++) {
+        const struct rb_callinfo *ci = cds[i].ci;
+        if (ci != NULL) {
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, ibf_dump_id(dump, vm_ci_mid(ci)));
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, vm_ci_flag(ci));
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, vm_ci_argc(ci));
+
+            const struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *kwarg = vm_ci_kwarg(ci);
+            if (kwarg) {
+                int len = kwarg->keyword_len;
+                ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, len);
+                for (int j=0; j<len; j++) {
+                    VALUE keyword = ibf_dump_object(dump, kwarg->keywords[j]);
+                    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, keyword);
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, 0);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            // TODO: truncate NULL ci from call_data.
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, (VALUE)-1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return offset;
+}
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+dump_outer_variable(ID id, VALUE val, void *dump)
+{
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, ibf_dump_id(dump, id));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, val);
+
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_outer_variables(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    struct rb_id_table * ovs = iseq->body->outer_variables;
+
+    ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    if (ovs) {
+        ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, (VALUE)rb_id_table_size(ovs));
+        rb_id_table_foreach(ovs, dump_outer_variable, (void *)dump);
+    }
+    else {
+        ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, (VALUE)0);
+    }
+
+    return offset;
+}
+
+/* note that we dump out rb_call_info but load back rb_call_data */
+static void
+ibf_load_ci_entries(const struct ibf_load *load,
+                    ibf_offset_t ci_entries_offset,
+                    unsigned int ci_size,
+                    struct rb_call_data **cd_ptr)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t reading_pos = ci_entries_offset;
+
+    unsigned int i;
+
+    struct rb_call_data *cds = ZALLOC_N(struct rb_call_data, ci_size);
+    *cd_ptr = cds;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < ci_size; i++) {
+        VALUE mid_index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+        if (mid_index != (VALUE)-1) {
+            ID mid = ibf_load_id(load, mid_index);
+            unsigned int flag = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+            unsigned int argc = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+
+            struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *kwarg = NULL;
+            int kwlen = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+            if (kwlen > 0) {
+                kwarg = rb_xmalloc_mul_add(kwlen, sizeof(VALUE), sizeof(struct rb_callinfo_kwarg));
+                kwarg->keyword_len = kwlen;
+                for (int j=0; j<kwlen; j++) {
+                    VALUE keyword = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+                    kwarg->keywords[j] = ibf_load_object(load, keyword);
+                }
+            }
+
+            cds[i].ci = vm_ci_new(mid, flag, argc, kwarg);
+            RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(load->iseq, Qundef, cds[i].ci);
+            cds[i].cc = vm_cc_empty();
+        }
+        else {
+            // NULL ci
+            cds[i].ci = NULL;
+            cds[i].cc = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static struct rb_id_table *
+ibf_load_outer_variables(const struct ibf_load * load, ibf_offset_t outer_variables_offset)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t reading_pos = outer_variables_offset;
+
+    struct rb_id_table *tbl = NULL;
+
+    size_t table_size = (size_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+
+    if (table_size > 0) {
+        tbl = rb_id_table_create(table_size);
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < table_size; i++) {
+        ID key = ibf_load_id(load, (ID)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+        VALUE value = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+        rb_id_table_insert(tbl, key, value);
+    }
+
+    return tbl;
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_iseq_each(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    assert(dump->current_buffer == &dump->global_buffer);
+
+    unsigned int *positions;
+
+    const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *body = iseq->body;
+
+    const VALUE location_pathobj_index = ibf_dump_object(dump, body->location.pathobj); /* TODO: freeze */
+    const VALUE location_base_label_index = ibf_dump_object(dump, body->location.base_label);
+    const VALUE location_label_index = ibf_dump_object(dump, body->location.label);
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
+    ibf_offset_t iseq_start = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    struct ibf_dump_buffer *saved_buffer = dump->current_buffer;
+    struct ibf_dump_buffer buffer;
+    buffer.str = rb_str_new(0, 0);
+    buffer.obj_table = ibf_dump_object_table_new();
+    dump->current_buffer = &buffer;
+#endif
+
+    const ibf_offset_t bytecode_offset =        ibf_dump_code(dump, iseq);
+    const ibf_offset_t bytecode_size =          ibf_dump_pos(dump) - bytecode_offset;
+    const ibf_offset_t param_opt_table_offset = ibf_dump_param_opt_table(dump, iseq);
+    const ibf_offset_t param_keyword_offset =   ibf_dump_param_keyword(dump, iseq);
+    const ibf_offset_t insns_info_body_offset = ibf_dump_insns_info_body(dump, iseq);
+
+    positions = rb_iseq_insns_info_decode_positions(iseq->body);
+    const ibf_offset_t insns_info_positions_offset = ibf_dump_insns_info_positions(dump, positions, body->insns_info.size);
+    ruby_xfree(positions);
+
+    const ibf_offset_t local_table_offset = ibf_dump_local_table(dump, iseq);
+    const unsigned int catch_table_size =   body->catch_table ? body->catch_table->size : 0;
+    const ibf_offset_t catch_table_offset = ibf_dump_catch_table(dump, iseq);
+    const int parent_iseq_index =           ibf_dump_iseq(dump, iseq->body->parent_iseq);
+    const int local_iseq_index =            ibf_dump_iseq(dump, iseq->body->local_iseq);
+    const ibf_offset_t ci_entries_offset =  ibf_dump_ci_entries(dump, iseq);
+    const ibf_offset_t outer_variables_offset = ibf_dump_outer_variables(dump, iseq);
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
+    ibf_offset_t local_obj_list_offset;
+    unsigned int local_obj_list_size;
+
+    ibf_dump_object_list(dump, &local_obj_list_offset, &local_obj_list_size);
+#endif
+
+    ibf_offset_t body_offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    /* dump the constant body */
+    unsigned int param_flags =
+        (body->param.flags.has_lead         << 0) |
+        (body->param.flags.has_opt          << 1) |
+        (body->param.flags.has_rest         << 2) |
+        (body->param.flags.has_post         << 3) |
+        (body->param.flags.has_kw           << 4) |
+        (body->param.flags.has_kwrest       << 5) |
+        (body->param.flags.has_block        << 6) |
+        (body->param.flags.ambiguous_param0 << 7) |
+        (body->param.flags.accepts_no_kwarg << 8) |
+        (body->param.flags.ruby2_keywords   << 9);
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
+#  define IBF_BODY_OFFSET(x) (x)
+#else
+#  define IBF_BODY_OFFSET(x) (body_offset - (x))
+#endif
+
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->type);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->iseq_size);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(bytecode_offset));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, bytecode_size);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, param_flags);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->param.size);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->param.lead_num);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->param.opt_num);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->param.rest_start);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->param.post_start);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->param.post_num);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->param.block_start);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(param_opt_table_offset));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, param_keyword_offset);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, location_pathobj_index);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, location_base_label_index);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, location_label_index);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->location.first_lineno);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->location.node_id);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->location.code_location.beg_pos.lineno);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->location.code_location.beg_pos.column);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->location.code_location.end_pos.lineno);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->location.code_location.end_pos.column);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(insns_info_body_offset));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(insns_info_positions_offset));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->insns_info.size);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(local_table_offset));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, catch_table_size);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(catch_table_offset));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, parent_iseq_index);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, local_iseq_index);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ci_entries_offset));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(outer_variables_offset));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->variable.flip_count);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->local_table_size);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->is_size);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->ci_size);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->stack_max);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->catch_except_p);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->builtin_inline_p);
+
+#undef IBF_BODY_OFFSET
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
+    ibf_offset_t iseq_length_bytes = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    dump->current_buffer = saved_buffer;
+    ibf_dump_write(dump, RSTRING_PTR(buffer.str), iseq_length_bytes);
+
+    ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, iseq_start);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, iseq_length_bytes);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body_offset);
+
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, local_obj_list_offset);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, local_obj_list_size);
+
+    st_free_table(buffer.obj_table); // TODO: this leaks in case of exception
+
+    return offset;
+#else
+    return body_offset;
+#endif
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_location_str(const struct ibf_load *load, VALUE str_index)
+{
+    VALUE str = ibf_load_object(load, str_index);
+    if (str != Qnil) {
+        str = rb_fstring(str);
+    }
+    return str;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_load_iseq_each(struct ibf_load *load, rb_iseq_t *iseq, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *load_body = iseq->body = rb_iseq_constant_body_alloc();
+
+    ibf_offset_t reading_pos = offset;
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
+    struct ibf_load_buffer *saved_buffer = load->current_buffer;
+    load->current_buffer = &load->global_buffer;
+
+    const ibf_offset_t iseq_start = (ibf_offset_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const ibf_offset_t iseq_length_bytes = (ibf_offset_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const ibf_offset_t body_offset = (ibf_offset_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+
+    struct ibf_load_buffer buffer;
+    buffer.buff = load->global_buffer.buff + iseq_start;
+    buffer.size = iseq_length_bytes;
+    buffer.obj_list_offset = (ibf_offset_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    buffer.obj_list_size = (ibf_offset_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    buffer.obj_list = pinned_list_new(buffer.obj_list_size);
+
+    load->current_buffer = &buffer;
+    reading_pos = body_offset;
+#endif
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
+#  define IBF_BODY_OFFSET(x) (x)
+#else
+#  define IBF_BODY_OFFSET(x) (offset - (x))
+#endif
+
+    const unsigned int type = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const unsigned int iseq_size = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const ibf_offset_t bytecode_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+    const ibf_offset_t bytecode_size = (ibf_offset_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const unsigned int param_flags = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const unsigned int param_size = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int param_lead_num = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int param_opt_num = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int param_rest_start = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int param_post_start = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int param_post_num = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int param_block_start = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const ibf_offset_t param_opt_table_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+    const ibf_offset_t param_keyword_offset = (ibf_offset_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const VALUE location_pathobj_index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const VALUE location_base_label_index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const VALUE location_label_index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const VALUE location_first_lineno = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int location_node_id = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int location_code_location_beg_pos_lineno = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int location_code_location_beg_pos_column = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int location_code_location_end_pos_lineno = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int location_code_location_end_pos_column = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const ibf_offset_t insns_info_body_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+    const ibf_offset_t insns_info_positions_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+    const unsigned int insns_info_size = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const ibf_offset_t local_table_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+    const unsigned int catch_table_size = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const ibf_offset_t catch_table_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+    const int parent_iseq_index = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int local_iseq_index = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const ibf_offset_t ci_entries_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+    const ibf_offset_t outer_variables_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+    const rb_snum_t variable_flip_count = (rb_snum_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const unsigned int local_table_size = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const unsigned int is_size = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const unsigned int ci_size = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const unsigned int stack_max = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const char catch_except_p = (char)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const bool builtin_inline_p = (bool)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+
+#undef IBF_BODY_OFFSET
+
+    load_body->type = type;
+    load_body->stack_max = stack_max;
+    load_body->param.flags.has_lead = (param_flags >> 0) & 1;
+    load_body->param.flags.has_opt = (param_flags >> 1) & 1;
+    load_body->param.flags.has_rest = (param_flags >> 2) & 1;
+    load_body->param.flags.has_post = (param_flags >> 3) & 1;
+    load_body->param.flags.has_kw = FALSE;
+    load_body->param.flags.has_kwrest = (param_flags >> 5) & 1;
+    load_body->param.flags.has_block = (param_flags >> 6) & 1;
+    load_body->param.flags.ambiguous_param0 = (param_flags >> 7) & 1;
+    load_body->param.flags.accepts_no_kwarg = (param_flags >> 8) & 1;
+    load_body->param.flags.ruby2_keywords = (param_flags >> 9) & 1;
+    load_body->param.size = param_size;
+    load_body->param.lead_num = param_lead_num;
+    load_body->param.opt_num = param_opt_num;
+    load_body->param.rest_start = param_rest_start;
+    load_body->param.post_start = param_post_start;
+    load_body->param.post_num = param_post_num;
+    load_body->param.block_start = param_block_start;
+    load_body->local_table_size = local_table_size;
+    load_body->is_size = is_size;
+    load_body->ci_size = ci_size;
+    load_body->insns_info.size = insns_info_size;
+
+    ISEQ_COVERAGE_SET(iseq, Qnil);
+    ISEQ_ORIGINAL_ISEQ_CLEAR(iseq);
+    iseq->body->variable.flip_count = variable_flip_count;
+
+    load_body->location.first_lineno = location_first_lineno;
+    load_body->location.node_id = location_node_id;
+    load_body->location.code_location.beg_pos.lineno = location_code_location_beg_pos_lineno;
+    load_body->location.code_location.beg_pos.column = location_code_location_beg_pos_column;
+    load_body->location.code_location.end_pos.lineno = location_code_location_end_pos_lineno;
+    load_body->location.code_location.end_pos.column = location_code_location_end_pos_column;
+    load_body->catch_except_p = catch_except_p;
+    load_body->builtin_inline_p = builtin_inline_p;
+
+    load_body->is_entries           = ZALLOC_N(union iseq_inline_storage_entry, is_size);
+                                      ibf_load_ci_entries(load, ci_entries_offset, ci_size, &load_body->call_data);
+    load_body->outer_variables      = ibf_load_outer_variables(load, outer_variables_offset);
+    load_body->param.opt_table      = ibf_load_param_opt_table(load, param_opt_table_offset, param_opt_num);
+    load_body->param.keyword        = ibf_load_param_keyword(load, param_keyword_offset);
+    load_body->param.flags.has_kw   = (param_flags >> 4) & 1;
+    load_body->insns_info.body      = ibf_load_insns_info_body(load, insns_info_body_offset, insns_info_size);
+    load_body->insns_info.positions = ibf_load_insns_info_positions(load, insns_info_positions_offset, insns_info_size);
+    load_body->local_table          = ibf_load_local_table(load, local_table_offset, local_table_size);
+    load_body->catch_table          = ibf_load_catch_table(load, catch_table_offset, catch_table_size);
+    load_body->parent_iseq          = ibf_load_iseq(load, (const rb_iseq_t *)(VALUE)parent_iseq_index);
+    load_body->local_iseq           = ibf_load_iseq(load, (const rb_iseq_t *)(VALUE)local_iseq_index);
+
+    ibf_load_code(load, iseq, bytecode_offset, bytecode_size, iseq_size);
+#if VM_INSN_INFO_TABLE_IMPL == 2
+    rb_iseq_insns_info_encode_positions(iseq);
+#endif
+
+    rb_iseq_translate_threaded_code(iseq);
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
+    load->current_buffer = &load->global_buffer;
+#endif
+
+    {
+        VALUE realpath = Qnil, path = ibf_load_object(load, location_pathobj_index);
+        if (RB_TYPE_P(path, T_STRING)) {
+            realpath = path = rb_fstring(path);
+        }
+        else if (RB_TYPE_P(path, T_ARRAY)) {
+            VALUE pathobj = path;
+            if (RARRAY_LEN(pathobj) != 2) {
+                rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "path object size mismatch");
+            }
+            path = rb_fstring(RARRAY_AREF(pathobj, 0));
+            realpath = RARRAY_AREF(pathobj, 1);
+            if (!NIL_P(realpath)) {
+                if (!RB_TYPE_P(realpath, T_STRING)) {
+                    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unexpected realpath %"PRIxVALUE
+                             "(%x), path=%+"PRIsVALUE,
+                             realpath, TYPE(realpath), path);
+                }
+                realpath = rb_fstring(realpath);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "unexpected path object");
+        }
+        rb_iseq_pathobj_set(iseq, path, realpath);
+    }
+
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &load_body->location.base_label,    ibf_load_location_str(load, location_base_label_index));
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &load_body->location.label,         ibf_load_location_str(load, location_label_index));
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
+    load->current_buffer = saved_buffer;
+#endif
+    verify_call_cache(iseq);
+}
+
+struct ibf_dump_iseq_list_arg
+{
+    struct ibf_dump *dump;
+    VALUE offset_list;
+};
+
+static int
+ibf_dump_iseq_list_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t ptr)
+{
+    const rb_iseq_t *iseq = (const rb_iseq_t *)key;
+    struct ibf_dump_iseq_list_arg *args = (struct ibf_dump_iseq_list_arg *)ptr;
+
+    ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_dump_iseq_each(args->dump, iseq);
+    rb_ary_push(args->offset_list, UINT2NUM(offset));
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_iseq_list(struct ibf_dump *dump, struct ibf_header *header)
+{
+    VALUE offset_list = rb_ary_tmp_new(dump->iseq_table->num_entries);
+
+    struct ibf_dump_iseq_list_arg args;
+    args.dump = dump;
+    args.offset_list = offset_list;
+
+    st_foreach(dump->iseq_table, ibf_dump_iseq_list_i, (st_data_t)&args);
+
+    st_index_t i;
+    st_index_t size = dump->iseq_table->num_entries;
+    ibf_offset_t *offsets = ALLOCA_N(ibf_offset_t, size);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        offsets[i] = NUM2UINT(RARRAY_AREF(offset_list, i));
+    }
+
+    ibf_dump_align(dump, sizeof(ibf_offset_t));
+    header->iseq_list_offset = ibf_dump_write(dump, offsets, sizeof(ibf_offset_t) * size);
+    header->iseq_list_size = (unsigned int)size;
+}
+
+#define IBF_OBJECT_INTERNAL FL_PROMOTED0
+
+/*
+ * Binary format
+ * - ibf_object_header
+ * - ibf_object_xxx (xxx is type)
+ */
+
+struct ibf_object_header {
+    unsigned int type: 5;
+    unsigned int special_const: 1;
+    unsigned int frozen: 1;
+    unsigned int internal: 1;
+};
+
+enum ibf_object_class_index {
+    IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_OBJECT,
+    IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY,
+    IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_STANDARD_ERROR,
+    IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_NO_MATCHING_PATTERN_ERROR,
+    IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_TYPE_ERROR,
+};
+
+struct ibf_object_regexp {
+    long srcstr;
+    char option;
+};
+
+struct ibf_object_hash {
+    long len;
+    long keyval[FLEX_ARY_LEN];
+};
+
+struct ibf_object_struct_range {
+    long class_index;
+    long len;
+    long beg;
+    long end;
+    int excl;
+};
+
+struct ibf_object_bignum {
+    ssize_t slen;
+    BDIGIT digits[FLEX_ARY_LEN];
+};
+
+enum ibf_object_data_type {
+    IBF_OBJECT_DATA_ENCODING,
+};
+
+struct ibf_object_complex_rational {
+    long a, b;
+};
+
+struct ibf_object_symbol {
+    long str;
+};
+
+#define IBF_ALIGNED_OFFSET(align, offset) /* offset > 0 */ \
+    ((((offset) - 1) / (align) + 1) * (align))
+#define IBF_OBJBODY(type, offset) (const type *)\
+    ibf_load_check_offset(load, IBF_ALIGNED_OFFSET(RUBY_ALIGNOF(type), offset))
+
+static const void *
+ibf_load_check_offset(const struct ibf_load *load, size_t offset)
+{
+    if (offset >= load->current_buffer->size) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "object offset out of range: %"PRIdSIZE, offset);
+    }
+    return load->current_buffer->buff + offset;
+}
+
+NORETURN(static void ibf_dump_object_unsupported(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj));
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_unsupported(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    char buff[0x100];
+    rb_raw_obj_info(buff, sizeof(buff), obj);
+    rb_raise(rb_eNotImpError, "ibf_dump_object_unsupported: %s", buff);
+}
+
+NORETURN(static VALUE ibf_load_object_unsupported(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset));
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_unsupported(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unsupported");
+    UNREACHABLE_RETURN(Qnil);
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_class(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    enum ibf_object_class_index cindex;
+    if (obj == rb_cObject) {
+        cindex = IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_OBJECT;
+    }
+    else if (obj == rb_cArray) {
+        cindex = IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY;
+    }
+    else if (obj == rb_eStandardError) {
+        cindex = IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_STANDARD_ERROR;
+    }
+    else if (obj == rb_eNoMatchingPatternError) {
+        cindex = IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_NO_MATCHING_PATTERN_ERROR;
+    }
+    else if (obj == rb_eTypeError) {
+        cindex = IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_TYPE_ERROR;
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_obj_info_dump(obj);
+        rb_p(obj);
+        rb_bug("unsupported class");
+    }
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, (VALUE)cindex);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_class(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    enum ibf_object_class_index cindex = (enum ibf_object_class_index)ibf_load_small_value(load, &offset);
+
+    switch (cindex) {
+      case IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_OBJECT:
+	return rb_cObject;
+      case IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY:
+	return rb_cArray;
+      case IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_STANDARD_ERROR:
+	return rb_eStandardError;
+      case IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_NO_MATCHING_PATTERN_ERROR:
+        return rb_eNoMatchingPatternError;
+      case IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_TYPE_ERROR:
+        return rb_eTypeError;
+    }
+
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "ibf_load_object_class: unknown class (%d)", (int)cindex);
+}
+
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_float(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    double dbl = RFLOAT_VALUE(obj);
+    (void)IBF_W(&dbl, double, 1);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_float(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    const double *dblp = IBF_OBJBODY(double, offset);
+    return DBL2NUM(*dblp);
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_string(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    long encindex = (long)rb_enc_get_index(obj);
+    long len = RSTRING_LEN(obj);
+    const char *ptr = RSTRING_PTR(obj);
+
+    if (encindex > RUBY_ENCINDEX_BUILTIN_MAX) {
+        rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_from_index((int)encindex);
+        const char *enc_name = rb_enc_name(enc);
+        encindex = RUBY_ENCINDEX_BUILTIN_MAX + ibf_dump_object(dump, rb_str_new2(enc_name));
+    }
+
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, encindex);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, len);
+    IBF_WP(ptr, char, len);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_string(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t reading_pos = offset;
+
+    int encindex = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const long len = (long)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const char *ptr = load->current_buffer->buff + reading_pos;
+
+    VALUE str = rb_str_new(ptr, len);
+
+    if (encindex > RUBY_ENCINDEX_BUILTIN_MAX) {
+        VALUE enc_name_str = ibf_load_object(load, encindex - RUBY_ENCINDEX_BUILTIN_MAX);
+        encindex = rb_enc_find_index(RSTRING_PTR(enc_name_str));
+    }
+    rb_enc_associate_index(str, encindex);
+
+    if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(str);
+    if (header->frozen)   str = rb_fstring(str);
+
+    return str;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_regexp(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    VALUE srcstr = RREGEXP_SRC(obj);
+    struct ibf_object_regexp regexp;
+    regexp.option = (char)rb_reg_options(obj);
+    regexp.srcstr = (long)ibf_dump_object(dump, srcstr);
+
+    ibf_dump_write_byte(dump, (unsigned char)regexp.option);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, regexp.srcstr);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_regexp(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    struct ibf_object_regexp regexp;
+    regexp.option = ibf_load_byte(load, &offset);
+    regexp.srcstr = ibf_load_small_value(load, &offset);
+
+    VALUE srcstr = ibf_load_object(load, regexp.srcstr);
+    VALUE reg = rb_reg_compile(srcstr, (int)regexp.option, NULL, 0);
+
+    if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(reg);
+    if (header->frozen)   rb_obj_freeze(reg);
+
+    return reg;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_array(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    long i, len = RARRAY_LEN(obj);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, len);
+    for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
+        long index = (long)ibf_dump_object(dump, RARRAY_AREF(obj, i));
+        ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, index);
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_array(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t reading_pos = offset;
+
+    const long len = (long)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+
+    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new_capa(len);
+    int i;
+
+    for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
+        const VALUE index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, ibf_load_object(load, index));
+    }
+
+    if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(ary);
+    if (header->frozen)   rb_obj_freeze(ary);
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
+static int
+ibf_dump_object_hash_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t ptr)
+{
+    struct ibf_dump *dump = (struct ibf_dump *)ptr;
+
+    VALUE key_index = ibf_dump_object(dump, (VALUE)key);
+    VALUE val_index = ibf_dump_object(dump, (VALUE)val);
+
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, key_index);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, val_index);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_hash(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    long len = RHASH_SIZE(obj);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, (VALUE)len);
+
+    if (len > 0) rb_hash_foreach(obj, ibf_dump_object_hash_i, (VALUE)dump);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_hash(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    long len = (long)ibf_load_small_value(load, &offset);
+    VALUE obj = rb_hash_new_with_size(len);
+    int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        VALUE key_index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &offset);
+        VALUE val_index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &offset);
+
+        VALUE key = ibf_load_object(load, key_index);
+        VALUE val = ibf_load_object(load, val_index);
+        rb_hash_aset(obj, key, val);
+    }
+    rb_hash_rehash(obj);
+
+    if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(obj);
+    if (header->frozen)   rb_obj_freeze(obj);
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_struct(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj, rb_cRange)) {
+        struct ibf_object_struct_range range;
+        VALUE beg, end;
+        IBF_ZERO(range);
+        range.len = 3;
+        range.class_index = 0;
+
+        rb_range_values(obj, &beg, &end, &range.excl);
+        range.beg = (long)ibf_dump_object(dump, beg);
+        range.end = (long)ibf_dump_object(dump, end);
+
+        IBF_W_ALIGN(struct ibf_object_struct_range);
+        IBF_WV(range);
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eNotImpError, "ibf_dump_object_struct: unsupported class %"PRIsVALUE,
+                 rb_class_name(CLASS_OF(obj)));
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_struct(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    const struct ibf_object_struct_range *range = IBF_OBJBODY(struct ibf_object_struct_range, offset);
+    VALUE beg = ibf_load_object(load, range->beg);
+    VALUE end = ibf_load_object(load, range->end);
+    VALUE obj = rb_range_new(beg, end, range->excl);
+    if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(obj);
+    if (header->frozen)   rb_obj_freeze(obj);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_bignum(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    ssize_t len = BIGNUM_LEN(obj);
+    ssize_t slen = BIGNUM_SIGN(obj) > 0 ? len : len * -1;
+    BDIGIT *d = BIGNUM_DIGITS(obj);
+
+    (void)IBF_W(&slen, ssize_t, 1);
+    IBF_WP(d, BDIGIT, len);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_bignum(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    const struct ibf_object_bignum *bignum = IBF_OBJBODY(struct ibf_object_bignum, offset);
+    int sign = bignum->slen > 0;
+    ssize_t len = sign > 0 ? bignum->slen : -1 * bignum->slen;
+    VALUE obj = rb_integer_unpack(bignum->digits, len * 2, 2, 0,
+				  INTEGER_PACK_LITTLE_ENDIAN | (sign == 0 ? INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE : 0));
+    if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(obj);
+    if (header->frozen)   rb_obj_freeze(obj);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_data(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    if (rb_data_is_encoding(obj)) {
+        rb_encoding *enc = rb_to_encoding(obj);
+        const char *name = rb_enc_name(enc);
+        long len = strlen(name) + 1;
+        long data[2];
+        data[0] = IBF_OBJECT_DATA_ENCODING;
+        data[1] = len;
+        (void)IBF_W(data, long, 2);
+        IBF_WP(name, char, len);
+    }
+    else {
+        ibf_dump_object_unsupported(dump, obj);
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_data(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    const long *body = IBF_OBJBODY(long, offset);
+    const enum ibf_object_data_type type = (enum ibf_object_data_type)body[0];
+    /* const long len = body[1]; */
+    const char *data = (const char *)&body[2];
+
+    switch (type) {
+      case IBF_OBJECT_DATA_ENCODING:
+        {
+            VALUE encobj = rb_enc_from_encoding(rb_enc_find(data));
+            return encobj;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ibf_load_object_unsupported(load, header, offset);
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_complex_rational(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    long data[2];
+    data[0] = (long)ibf_dump_object(dump, RCOMPLEX(obj)->real);
+    data[1] = (long)ibf_dump_object(dump, RCOMPLEX(obj)->imag);
+
+    (void)IBF_W(data, long, 2);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_complex_rational(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    const struct ibf_object_complex_rational *nums = IBF_OBJBODY(struct ibf_object_complex_rational, offset);
+    VALUE a = ibf_load_object(load, nums->a);
+    VALUE b = ibf_load_object(load, nums->b);
+    VALUE obj = header->type == T_COMPLEX ?
+      rb_complex_new(a, b) : rb_rational_new(a, b);
+
+    if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(obj);
+    if (header->frozen)   rb_obj_freeze(obj);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_symbol(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    VALUE str = rb_sym2str(obj);
+    VALUE str_index = ibf_dump_object(dump, str);
+
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, str_index);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_symbol(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    VALUE str_index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &offset);
+    VALUE str = ibf_load_object(load, str_index);
+    ID id = rb_intern_str(str);
+    return ID2SYM(id);
+}
+
+typedef void (*ibf_dump_object_function)(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj);
+static ibf_dump_object_function dump_object_functions[RUBY_T_MASK+1] = {
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_NONE */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_OBJECT */
+    ibf_dump_object_class,       /* T_CLASS */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_MODULE */
+    ibf_dump_object_float,       /* T_FLOAT */
+    ibf_dump_object_string,      /* T_STRING */
+    ibf_dump_object_regexp,      /* T_REGEXP */
+    ibf_dump_object_array,       /* T_ARRAY */
+    ibf_dump_object_hash,        /* T_HASH */
+    ibf_dump_object_struct,      /* T_STRUCT */
+    ibf_dump_object_bignum,      /* T_BIGNUM */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_FILE */
+    ibf_dump_object_data,        /* T_DATA */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_MATCH */
+    ibf_dump_object_complex_rational, /* T_COMPLEX */
+    ibf_dump_object_complex_rational, /* T_RATIONAL */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x10 */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x11 T_NIL */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x12 T_TRUE */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x13 T_FALSE */
+    ibf_dump_object_symbol,      /* 0x14 T_SYMBOL */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_FIXNUM */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_UNDEF */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x17 */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x18 */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x19 */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_IMEMO 0x1a */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_NODE 0x1b */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_ICLASS 0x1c */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_ZOMBIE 0x1d */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x1e */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x1f */
+};
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_object_header(struct ibf_dump *dump, const struct ibf_object_header header)
+{
+    unsigned char byte =
+        (header.type          << 0) |
+        (header.special_const << 5) |
+        (header.frozen        << 6) |
+        (header.internal      << 7);
+
+    IBF_WV(byte);
+}
+
+static struct ibf_object_header
+ibf_load_object_object_header(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t *offset)
+{
+    unsigned char byte = ibf_load_byte(load, offset);
+
+    struct ibf_object_header header;
+    header.type          = (byte >> 0) & 0x1f;
+    header.special_const = (byte >> 5) & 0x01;
+    header.frozen        = (byte >> 6) & 0x01;
+    header.internal      = (byte >> 7) & 0x01;
+
+    return header;
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_object_object(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    struct ibf_object_header obj_header;
+    ibf_offset_t current_offset;
+    IBF_ZERO(obj_header);
+    obj_header.type = TYPE(obj);
+
+    IBF_W_ALIGN(ibf_offset_t);
+    current_offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj) &&
+        ! (RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_SYMBOL) ||
+           RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_FLOAT))) {
+        obj_header.special_const = TRUE;
+        obj_header.frozen = TRUE;
+        obj_header.internal = TRUE;
+        ibf_dump_object_object_header(dump, obj_header);
+        ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, obj);
+    }
+    else {
+        obj_header.internal = SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj) ? FALSE : (RBASIC_CLASS(obj) == 0) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+        obj_header.special_const = FALSE;
+        obj_header.frozen = FL_TEST(obj, FL_FREEZE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+        ibf_dump_object_object_header(dump, obj_header);
+        (*dump_object_functions[obj_header.type])(dump, obj);
+    }
+
+    return current_offset;
+}
+
+typedef VALUE (*ibf_load_object_function)(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset);
+static ibf_load_object_function load_object_functions[RUBY_T_MASK+1] = {
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_NONE */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_OBJECT */
+    ibf_load_object_class,       /* T_CLASS */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_MODULE */
+    ibf_load_object_float,       /* T_FLOAT */
+    ibf_load_object_string,      /* T_STRING */
+    ibf_load_object_regexp,      /* T_REGEXP */
+    ibf_load_object_array,       /* T_ARRAY */
+    ibf_load_object_hash,        /* T_HASH */
+    ibf_load_object_struct,      /* T_STRUCT */
+    ibf_load_object_bignum,      /* T_BIGNUM */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_FILE */
+    ibf_load_object_data,        /* T_DATA */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_MATCH */
+    ibf_load_object_complex_rational, /* T_COMPLEX */
+    ibf_load_object_complex_rational, /* T_RATIONAL */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* 0x10 */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_NIL */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_TRUE */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_FALSE */
+    ibf_load_object_symbol,
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_FIXNUM */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_UNDEF */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* 0x17 */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* 0x18 */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* 0x19 */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_IMEMO 0x1a */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_NODE 0x1b */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_ICLASS 0x1c */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_ZOMBIE 0x1d */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* 0x1e */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* 0x1f */
+};
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object(const struct ibf_load *load, VALUE object_index)
+{
+    if (object_index == 0) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    else {
+        VALUE obj = pinned_list_fetch(load->current_buffer->obj_list, (long)object_index);
+        if (!obj) {
+            ibf_offset_t *offsets = (ibf_offset_t *)(load->current_buffer->obj_list_offset + load->current_buffer->buff);
+            ibf_offset_t offset = offsets[object_index];
+            const struct ibf_object_header header = ibf_load_object_object_header(load, &offset);
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+            fprintf(stderr, "ibf_load_object: list=%#x offsets=%p offset=%#x\n",
+                    load->current_buffer->obj_list_offset, (void *)offsets, offset);
+            fprintf(stderr, "ibf_load_object: type=%#x special=%d frozen=%d internal=%d\n",
+                    header.type, header.special_const, header.frozen, header.internal);
+#endif
+            if (offset >= load->current_buffer->size) {
+                rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "object offset out of range: %u", offset);
+            }
+
+            if (header.special_const) {
+                ibf_offset_t reading_pos = offset;
+
+                obj = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+            }
+            else {
+                obj = (*load_object_functions[header.type])(load, &header, offset);
+            }
+
+            pinned_list_store(load->current_buffer->obj_list, (long)object_index, obj);
+        }
+#if IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+        fprintf(stderr, "ibf_load_object: index=%#"PRIxVALUE" obj=%#"PRIxVALUE"\n",
+                object_index, obj);
+#endif
+        return obj;
+    }
+}
+
+struct ibf_dump_object_list_arg
+{
+    struct ibf_dump *dump;
+    VALUE offset_list;
+};
+
+static int
+ibf_dump_object_list_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t ptr)
+{
+    VALUE obj = (VALUE)key;
+    struct ibf_dump_object_list_arg *args = (struct ibf_dump_object_list_arg *)ptr;
+
+    ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_dump_object_object(args->dump, obj);
+    rb_ary_push(args->offset_list, UINT2NUM(offset));
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_list(struct ibf_dump *dump, ibf_offset_t *obj_list_offset, unsigned int *obj_list_size)
+{
+    st_table *obj_table = dump->current_buffer->obj_table;
+    VALUE offset_list = rb_ary_tmp_new(obj_table->num_entries);
+
+    struct ibf_dump_object_list_arg args;
+    args.dump = dump;
+    args.offset_list = offset_list;
+
+    st_foreach(obj_table, ibf_dump_object_list_i, (st_data_t)&args);
+
+    IBF_W_ALIGN(ibf_offset_t);
+    *obj_list_offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    st_index_t size = obj_table->num_entries;
+    st_index_t i;
+
+    for (i=0; i<size; i++) {
+        ibf_offset_t offset = NUM2UINT(RARRAY_AREF(offset_list, i));
+        IBF_WV(offset);
+    }
+
+    *obj_list_size = (unsigned int)size;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_mark(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct ibf_dump *dump = (struct ibf_dump *)ptr;
+    rb_gc_mark(dump->global_buffer.str);
+
+    rb_mark_set(dump->global_buffer.obj_table);
+    rb_mark_set(dump->iseq_table);
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct ibf_dump *dump = (struct ibf_dump *)ptr;
+    if (dump->global_buffer.obj_table) {
+        st_free_table(dump->global_buffer.obj_table);
+        dump->global_buffer.obj_table = 0;
+    }
+    if (dump->iseq_table) {
+        st_free_table(dump->iseq_table);
+        dump->iseq_table = 0;
+    }
+    ruby_xfree(dump);
+}
+
+static size_t
+ibf_dump_memsize(const void *ptr)
+{
+    struct ibf_dump *dump = (struct ibf_dump *)ptr;
+    size_t size = sizeof(*dump);
+    if (dump->iseq_table) size += st_memsize(dump->iseq_table);
+    if (dump->global_buffer.obj_table) size += st_memsize(dump->global_buffer.obj_table);
+    return size;
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t ibf_dump_type = {
+    "ibf_dump",
+    {ibf_dump_mark, ibf_dump_free, ibf_dump_memsize,},
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+};
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_setup(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE dumper_obj)
+{
+    dump->global_buffer.obj_table = NULL; // GC may run before a value is assigned
+    dump->iseq_table = NULL;
+
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(dumper_obj, &dump->global_buffer.str, rb_str_new(0, 0));
+    dump->global_buffer.obj_table = ibf_dump_object_table_new();
+    dump->iseq_table = st_init_numtable(); /* need free */
+
+    dump->current_buffer = &dump->global_buffer;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_iseq_ibf_dump(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE opt)
+{
+    struct ibf_dump *dump;
+    struct ibf_header header = {{0}};
+    VALUE dump_obj;
+    VALUE str;
+
+    if (iseq->body->parent_iseq != NULL ||
+        iseq->body->local_iseq != iseq) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "should be top of iseq");
+    }
+    if (RTEST(ISEQ_COVERAGE(iseq))) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "should not compile with coverage");
+    }
+
+    dump_obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(0, struct ibf_dump, &ibf_dump_type, dump);
+    ibf_dump_setup(dump, dump_obj);
+
+    ibf_dump_write(dump, &header, sizeof(header));
+    ibf_dump_write(dump, RUBY_PLATFORM, strlen(RUBY_PLATFORM) + 1);
+    ibf_dump_iseq(dump, iseq);
+
+    header.magic[0] = 'Y'; /* YARB */
+    header.magic[1] = 'A';
+    header.magic[2] = 'R';
+    header.magic[3] = 'B';
+    header.major_version = IBF_MAJOR_VERSION;
+    header.minor_version = IBF_MINOR_VERSION;
+    ibf_dump_iseq_list(dump, &header);
+    ibf_dump_object_list(dump, &header.global_object_list_offset, &header.global_object_list_size);
+    header.size = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    if (RTEST(opt)) {
+        VALUE opt_str = opt;
+        const char *ptr = StringValuePtr(opt_str);
+        header.extra_size = RSTRING_LENINT(opt_str);
+        ibf_dump_write(dump, ptr, header.extra_size);
+    }
+    else {
+        header.extra_size = 0;
+    }
+
+    ibf_dump_overwrite(dump, &header, sizeof(header), 0);
+
+    str = dump->global_buffer.str;
+    ibf_dump_free(dump);
+    DATA_PTR(dump_obj) = NULL;
+    RB_GC_GUARD(dump_obj);
+    return str;
+}
+
+static const ibf_offset_t *
+ibf_iseq_list(const struct ibf_load *load)
+{
+    return (const ibf_offset_t *)(load->global_buffer.buff + load->header->iseq_list_offset);
+}
+
+void
+rb_ibf_load_iseq_complete(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    struct ibf_load *load = RTYPEDDATA_DATA(iseq->aux.loader.obj);
+    rb_iseq_t *prev_src_iseq = load->iseq;
+    ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_iseq_list(load)[iseq->aux.loader.index];
+    load->iseq = iseq;
+#if IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+    fprintf(stderr, "rb_ibf_load_iseq_complete: index=%#x offset=%#x size=%#x\n",
+	    iseq->aux.loader.index, offset,
+	    load->header->size);
+#endif
+    ibf_load_iseq_each(load, iseq, offset);
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA_CLEAR(iseq);
+    FL_UNSET((VALUE)iseq, ISEQ_NOT_LOADED_YET);
+    rb_iseq_init_trace(iseq);
+    load->iseq = prev_src_iseq;
+}
+
+#if USE_LAZY_LOAD
+MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED const rb_iseq_t *
+rb_iseq_complete(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    rb_ibf_load_iseq_complete((rb_iseq_t *)iseq);
+    return iseq;
+}
+#endif
+
+static rb_iseq_t *
+ibf_load_iseq(const struct ibf_load *load, const rb_iseq_t *index_iseq)
+{
+    int iseq_index = (int)(VALUE)index_iseq;
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+    fprintf(stderr, "ibf_load_iseq: index_iseq=%p iseq_list=%p\n",
+	    (void *)index_iseq, (void *)load->iseq_list);
+#endif
+    if (iseq_index == -1) {
+	return NULL;
+    }
+    else {
+	VALUE iseqv = pinned_list_fetch(load->iseq_list, iseq_index);
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+	fprintf(stderr, "ibf_load_iseq: iseqv=%p\n", (void *)iseqv);
+#endif
+	if (iseqv) {
+	    return (rb_iseq_t *)iseqv;
+	}
+	else {
+	    rb_iseq_t *iseq = iseq_imemo_alloc();
+#if IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+	    fprintf(stderr, "ibf_load_iseq: new iseq=%p\n", (void *)iseq);
+#endif
+	    FL_SET((VALUE)iseq, ISEQ_NOT_LOADED_YET);
+	    iseq->aux.loader.obj = load->loader_obj;
+	    iseq->aux.loader.index = iseq_index;
+#if IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+	    fprintf(stderr, "ibf_load_iseq: iseq=%p loader_obj=%p index=%d\n",
+		    (void *)iseq, (void *)load->loader_obj, iseq_index);
+#endif
+	    pinned_list_store(load->iseq_list, iseq_index, (VALUE)iseq);
+
+#if !USE_LAZY_LOAD
+#if IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+	    fprintf(stderr, "ibf_load_iseq: loading iseq=%p\n", (void *)iseq);
+#endif
+            rb_ibf_load_iseq_complete(iseq);
+#else
+            if (GET_VM()->builtin_function_table) {
+                rb_ibf_load_iseq_complete(iseq);
+            }
+#endif /* !USE_LAZY_LOAD */
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+	    fprintf(stderr, "ibf_load_iseq: iseq=%p loaded %p\n",
+		    (void *)iseq, (void *)load->iseq);
+#endif
+	    return iseq;
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_load_setup_bytes(struct ibf_load *load, VALUE loader_obj, const char *bytes, size_t size)
+{
+    load->loader_obj = loader_obj;
+    load->global_buffer.buff = bytes;
+    load->header = (struct ibf_header *)load->global_buffer.buff;
+    load->global_buffer.size = load->header->size;
+    load->global_buffer.obj_list_offset = load->header->global_object_list_offset;
+    load->global_buffer.obj_list_size = load->header->global_object_list_size;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(loader_obj, &load->iseq_list, pinned_list_new(load->header->iseq_list_size));
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(loader_obj, &load->global_buffer.obj_list, pinned_list_new(load->global_buffer.obj_list_size));
+    load->iseq = NULL;
+
+    load->current_buffer = &load->global_buffer;
+
+    if (size < load->header->size) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "broken binary format");
+    }
+    if (strncmp(load->header->magic, "YARB", 4) != 0) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "unknown binary format");
+    }
+    if (load->header->major_version != IBF_MAJOR_VERSION ||
+	load->header->minor_version != IBF_MINOR_VERSION) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "unmatched version file (%u.%u for %u.%u)",
+		 load->header->major_version, load->header->minor_version, IBF_MAJOR_VERSION, IBF_MINOR_VERSION);
+    }
+    if (strcmp(load->global_buffer.buff + sizeof(struct ibf_header), RUBY_PLATFORM) != 0) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "unmatched platform");
+    }
+    if (load->header->iseq_list_offset % RUBY_ALIGNOF(ibf_offset_t)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unaligned iseq list offset: %u",
+                 load->header->iseq_list_offset);
+    }
+    if (load->global_buffer.obj_list_offset % RUBY_ALIGNOF(ibf_offset_t)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unaligned object list offset: %u",
+                 load->global_buffer.obj_list_offset);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_load_setup(struct ibf_load *load, VALUE loader_obj, VALUE str)
+{
+    if (RSTRING_LENINT(str) < (int)sizeof(struct ibf_header)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "broken binary format");
+    }
+
+#if USE_LAZY_LOAD
+    str = rb_str_new(RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LEN(str));
+#endif
+
+    ibf_load_setup_bytes(load, loader_obj, StringValuePtr(str), RSTRING_LEN(str));
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(loader_obj, &load->str, str);
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_loader_mark(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct ibf_load *load = (struct ibf_load *)ptr;
+    rb_gc_mark(load->str);
+    rb_gc_mark(load->iseq_list);
+    rb_gc_mark(load->global_buffer.obj_list);
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_loader_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct ibf_load *load = (struct ibf_load *)ptr;
+    ruby_xfree(load);
+}
+
+static size_t
+ibf_loader_memsize(const void *ptr)
+{
+    return sizeof(struct ibf_load);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t ibf_load_type = {
+    "ibf_loader",
+    {ibf_loader_mark, ibf_loader_free, ibf_loader_memsize,},
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+};
+
+const rb_iseq_t *
+rb_iseq_ibf_load(VALUE str)
+{
+    struct ibf_load *load;
+    rb_iseq_t *iseq;
+    VALUE loader_obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(0, struct ibf_load, &ibf_load_type, load);
+
+    ibf_load_setup(load, loader_obj, str);
+    iseq = ibf_load_iseq(load, 0);
+
+    RB_GC_GUARD(loader_obj);
+    return iseq;
+}
+
+const rb_iseq_t *
+rb_iseq_ibf_load_bytes(const char *bytes, size_t size)
+{
+    struct ibf_load *load;
+    rb_iseq_t *iseq;
+    VALUE loader_obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(0, struct ibf_load, &ibf_load_type, load);
+
+    ibf_load_setup_bytes(load, loader_obj, bytes, size);
+    iseq = ibf_load_iseq(load, 0);
+
+    RB_GC_GUARD(loader_obj);
+    return iseq;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_iseq_ibf_load_extra_data(VALUE str)
+{
+    struct ibf_load *load;
+    VALUE loader_obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(0, struct ibf_load, &ibf_load_type, load);
+    VALUE extra_str;
+
+    ibf_load_setup(load, loader_obj, str);
+    extra_str = rb_str_new(load->global_buffer.buff + load->header->size, load->header->extra_size);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(loader_obj);
+    return extra_str;
+}
diff --git a/complex.c b/complex.c
index 4548c5e2a5..27c1f131e3 100644
--- a/complex.c
+++ b/complex.c
@@ -5,33 +5,59 @@
   which is written in ruby.
 */
 
-#include "internal.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
+
+#if defined _MSC_VER
+/* Microsoft Visual C does not define M_PI and others by default */
+# define _USE_MATH_DEFINES 1
+#endif
+
+#include <ctype.h>
 #include <math.h>
 
+#undef NDEBUG
 #define NDEBUG
-#include <assert.h>
+#include "id.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/array.h"
+#include "internal/class.h"
+#include "internal/complex.h"
+#include "internal/math.h"
+#include "internal/numeric.h"
+#include "internal/object.h"
+#include "internal/rational.h"
+#include "ruby_assert.h"
 
 #define ZERO INT2FIX(0)
 #define ONE INT2FIX(1)
 #define TWO INT2FIX(2)
+#if USE_FLONUM
+#define RFLOAT_0 DBL2NUM(0)
+#else
+static VALUE RFLOAT_0;
+#endif
+#if defined(HAVE_SIGNBIT) && defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__sun) && \
+    !defined(signbit)
+extern int signbit(double);
+#endif
 
 VALUE rb_cComplex;
 
-static ID id_abs, id_arg, id_convert,
-    id_denominator, id_eqeq_p, id_expt, id_fdiv,
-    id_negate, id_numerator, id_quo,
-    id_real_p, id_to_f, id_to_i, id_to_r,
-    id_i_real, id_i_imag;
+static ID id_abs, id_arg,
+    id_denominator, id_numerator,
+    id_real_p, id_i_real, id_i_imag,
+    id_finite_p, id_infinite_p, id_rationalize,
+    id_PI;
+#define id_to_i idTo_i
+#define id_to_r idTo_r
+#define id_negate idUMinus
+#define id_expt idPow
+#define id_to_f idTo_f
+#define id_quo idQuo
+#define id_fdiv idFdiv
 
 #define f_boolcast(x) ((x) ? Qtrue : Qfalse)
 
-#define binop(n,op) \
-inline static VALUE \
-f_##n(VALUE x, VALUE y)\
-{\
-    return rb_funcall(x, (op), 1, y);\
-}
-
 #define fun1(n) \
 inline static VALUE \
 f_##n(VALUE x)\
@@ -46,31 +72,32 @@ f_##n(VALUE x, VALUE y)\
     return rb_funcall(x, id_##n, 1, y);\
 }
 
-#define math1(n) \
-inline static VALUE \
-m_##n(VALUE x)\
-{\
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mMath, id_##n, 1, x);\
-}
-
-#define math2(n) \
-inline static VALUE \
-m_##n(VALUE x, VALUE y)\
-{\
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mMath, id_##n, 2, x, y);\
-}
-
 #define PRESERVE_SIGNEDZERO
 
 inline static VALUE
 f_add(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-#ifndef PRESERVE_SIGNEDZERO
-    if (FIXNUM_P(y) && FIX2LONG(y) == 0)
-	return x;
-    else if (FIXNUM_P(x) && FIX2LONG(x) == 0)
-	return y;
-#endif
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x) &&
+        LIKELY(rb_method_basic_definition_p(rb_cInteger, idPLUS))) {
+        if (FIXNUM_ZERO_P(x))
+            return y;
+        if (FIXNUM_ZERO_P(y))
+            return x;
+        return rb_int_plus(x, y);
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x) &&
+             LIKELY(rb_method_basic_definition_p(rb_cFloat, idPLUS))) {
+        if (FIXNUM_ZERO_P(y))
+            return x;
+        return rb_float_plus(x, y);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL) &&
+             LIKELY(rb_method_basic_definition_p(rb_cRational, idPLUS))) {
+        if (FIXNUM_ZERO_P(y))
+            return x;
+        return rb_rational_plus(x, y);
+    }
+
     return rb_funcall(x, '+', 1, y);
 }
 
@@ -82,56 +109,162 @@ f_div(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return rb_funcall(x, '/', 1, y);
 }
 
-inline static VALUE
+inline static int
 f_gt_p(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    if (FIXNUM_P(x) && FIXNUM_P(y))
-	return f_boolcast(FIX2LONG(x) > FIX2LONG(y));
-    return rb_funcall(x, '>', 1, y);
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        if (FIXNUM_P(x) && FIXNUM_P(y))
+            return (SIGNED_VALUE)x > (SIGNED_VALUE)y;
+        return RTEST(rb_int_gt(x, y));
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x))
+        return RTEST(rb_float_gt(x, y));
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        int const cmp = rb_cmpint(rb_rational_cmp(x, y), x, y);
+        return cmp > 0;
+    }
+    return RTEST(rb_funcall(x, '>', 1, y));
 }
 
 inline static VALUE
 f_mul(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-#ifndef PRESERVE_SIGNEDZERO
-    if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
-	long iy = FIX2LONG(y);
-	if (iy == 0) {
-	    if (FIXNUM_P(x) || RB_TYPE_P(x, T_BIGNUM))
-		return ZERO;
-	}
-	else if (iy == 1)
-	    return x;
-    }
-    else if (FIXNUM_P(x)) {
-	long ix = FIX2LONG(x);
-	if (ix == 0) {
-	    if (FIXNUM_P(y) || RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM))
-		return ZERO;
-	}
-	else if (ix == 1)
-	    return y;
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x) &&
+        LIKELY(rb_method_basic_definition_p(rb_cInteger, idMULT))) {
+        if (FIXNUM_ZERO_P(y))
+            return ZERO;
+        if (FIXNUM_ZERO_P(x) && RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(y))
+            return ZERO;
+        if (x == ONE) return y;
+        if (y == ONE) return x;
+        return rb_int_mul(x, y);
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x) &&
+             LIKELY(rb_method_basic_definition_p(rb_cFloat, idMULT))) {
+        if (y == ONE) return x;
+        return rb_float_mul(x, y);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL) &&
+             LIKELY(rb_method_basic_definition_p(rb_cRational, idMULT))) {
+        if (y == ONE) return x;
+        return rb_rational_mul(x, y);
+    }
+    else if (LIKELY(rb_method_basic_definition_p(CLASS_OF(x), idMULT))) {
+        if (y == ONE) return x;
     }
-#endif
     return rb_funcall(x, '*', 1, y);
 }
 
 inline static VALUE
 f_sub(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-#ifndef PRESERVE_SIGNEDZERO
-    if (FIXNUM_P(y) && FIX2LONG(y) == 0)
+    if (FIXNUM_ZERO_P(y) &&
+        LIKELY(rb_method_basic_definition_p(CLASS_OF(x), idMINUS))) {
 	return x;
-#endif
+    }
     return rb_funcall(x, '-', 1, y);
 }
 
-fun1(abs)
-fun1(arg)
-fun1(denominator)
-fun1(negate)
-fun1(numerator)
-fun1(real_p)
+inline static VALUE
+f_abs(VALUE x)
+{
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return rb_int_abs(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return rb_float_abs(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        return rb_rational_abs(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX)) {
+        return rb_complex_abs(x);
+    }
+    return rb_funcall(x, id_abs, 0);
+}
+
+static VALUE numeric_arg(VALUE self);
+static VALUE float_arg(VALUE self);
+
+inline static VALUE
+f_arg(VALUE x)
+{
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return numeric_arg(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return float_arg(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        return numeric_arg(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX)) {
+        return rb_complex_arg(x);
+    }
+    return rb_funcall(x, id_arg, 0);
+}
+
+inline static VALUE
+f_numerator(VALUE x)
+{
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        return RRATIONAL(x)->num;
+    }
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return rb_float_numerator(x);
+    }
+    return x;
+}
+
+inline static VALUE
+f_denominator(VALUE x)
+{
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        return RRATIONAL(x)->den;
+    }
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return rb_float_denominator(x);
+    }
+    return INT2FIX(1);
+}
+
+inline static VALUE
+f_negate(VALUE x)
+{
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return rb_int_uminus(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return rb_float_uminus(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        return rb_rational_uminus(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX)) {
+        return rb_complex_uminus(x);
+    }
+    return rb_funcall(x, id_negate, 0);
+}
+
+static bool nucomp_real_p(VALUE self);
+
+static inline bool
+f_real_p(VALUE x)
+{
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX)) {
+        return nucomp_real_p(x);
+    }
+    return rb_funcall(x, id_real_p, 0);
+}
 
 inline static VALUE
 f_to_i(VALUE x)
@@ -140,6 +273,7 @@ f_to_i(VALUE x)
 	return rb_str_to_inum(x, 10, 0);
     return rb_funcall(x, id_to_i, 0);
 }
+
 inline static VALUE
 f_to_f(VALUE x)
 {
@@ -150,122 +284,117 @@ f_to_f(VALUE x)
 
 fun1(to_r)
 
-inline static VALUE
+inline static int
 f_eqeq_p(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     if (FIXNUM_P(x) && FIXNUM_P(y))
-	return f_boolcast(FIX2LONG(x) == FIX2LONG(y));
-    return rb_funcall(x, id_eqeq_p, 1, y);
+	return x == y;
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x) || RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y))
+	return NUM2DBL(x) == NUM2DBL(y);
+    return (int)rb_equal(x, y);
 }
 
 fun2(expt)
 fun2(fdiv)
-fun2(quo)
 
-inline static VALUE
+static VALUE
+f_quo(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x))
+        return rb_numeric_quo(x, y);
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x))
+        return rb_float_div(x, y);
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL))
+        return rb_numeric_quo(x, y);
+
+    return rb_funcallv(x, id_quo, 1, &y);
+}
+
+inline static int
 f_negative_p(VALUE x)
 {
-    if (FIXNUM_P(x))
-	return f_boolcast(FIX2LONG(x) < 0);
-    return rb_funcall(x, '<', 1, ZERO);
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x))
+        return INT_NEGATIVE_P(x);
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x))
+        return RFLOAT_VALUE(x) < 0.0;
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL))
+        return INT_NEGATIVE_P(RRATIONAL(x)->num);
+    return rb_num_negative_p(x);
 }
 
 #define f_positive_p(x) (!f_negative_p(x))
 
-inline static VALUE
+inline static int
 f_zero_p(VALUE x)
 {
-    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_FIXNUM)) {
-	return f_boolcast(FIX2LONG(x) == 0);
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return FLOAT_ZERO_P(x);
     }
-    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_BIGNUM)) {
-	return Qfalse;
+    else if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return FIXNUM_ZERO_P(x);
     }
     else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
-	VALUE num = RRATIONAL(x)->num;
-
-	return f_boolcast(FIXNUM_P(num) && FIX2LONG(num) == 0);
+        const VALUE num = RRATIONAL(x)->num;
+        return FIXNUM_ZERO_P(num);
     }
-    return rb_funcall(x, id_eqeq_p, 1, ZERO);
+    return (int)rb_equal(x, ZERO);
 }
 
 #define f_nonzero_p(x) (!f_zero_p(x))
 
-inline static VALUE
-f_one_p(VALUE x)
+VALUE rb_flo_is_finite_p(VALUE num);
+inline static int
+f_finite_p(VALUE x)
 {
-    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_FIXNUM)) {
-	return f_boolcast(FIX2LONG(x) == 1);
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return TRUE;
     }
-    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_BIGNUM)) {
-	return Qfalse;
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+	return (int)rb_flo_is_finite_p(x);
     }
     else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
-	VALUE num = RRATIONAL(x)->num;
-	VALUE den = RRATIONAL(x)->den;
-
-	return f_boolcast(FIXNUM_P(num) && FIX2LONG(num) == 1 &&
-			  FIXNUM_P(den) && FIX2LONG(den) == 1);
+	return TRUE;
     }
-    return rb_funcall(x, id_eqeq_p, 1, ONE);
+    return RTEST(rb_funcallv(x, id_finite_p, 0, 0));
 }
 
+VALUE rb_flo_is_infinite_p(VALUE num);
 inline static VALUE
-f_kind_of_p(VALUE x, VALUE c)
-{
-    return rb_obj_is_kind_of(x, c);
-}
-
-inline static VALUE
-k_numeric_p(VALUE x)
-{
-    return f_kind_of_p(x, rb_cNumeric);
-}
-
-inline static VALUE
-k_fixnum_p(VALUE x)
+f_infinite_p(VALUE x)
 {
-    return f_kind_of_p(x, rb_cFixnum);
-}
-
-inline static VALUE
-k_bignum_p(VALUE x)
-{
-    return f_kind_of_p(x, rb_cBignum);
-}
-
-inline static VALUE
-k_float_p(VALUE x)
-{
-    return f_kind_of_p(x, rb_cFloat);
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+	return rb_flo_is_infinite_p(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    return rb_funcallv(x, id_infinite_p, 0, 0);
 }
 
-inline static VALUE
-k_rational_p(VALUE x)
+inline static int
+f_kind_of_p(VALUE x, VALUE c)
 {
-    return f_kind_of_p(x, rb_cRational);
+    return (int)rb_obj_is_kind_of(x, c);
 }
 
-inline static VALUE
-k_complex_p(VALUE x)
+inline static int
+k_numeric_p(VALUE x)
 {
-    return f_kind_of_p(x, rb_cComplex);
+    return f_kind_of_p(x, rb_cNumeric);
 }
 
-#define k_exact_p(x) (!k_float_p(x))
-#define k_inexact_p(x) k_float_p(x)
+#define k_exact_p(x) (!RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x))
 
 #define k_exact_zero_p(x) (k_exact_p(x) && f_zero_p(x))
-#define k_exact_one_p(x) (k_exact_p(x) && f_one_p(x))
 
 #define get_dat1(x) \
-    struct RComplex *dat;\
-    dat = ((struct RComplex *)(x))
+    struct RComplex *dat = RCOMPLEX(x)
 
 #define get_dat2(x,y) \
-    struct RComplex *adat, *bdat;\
-    adat = ((struct RComplex *)(x));\
-    bdat = ((struct RComplex *)(y))
+    struct RComplex *adat = RCOMPLEX(x), *bdat = RCOMPLEX(y)
 
 inline static VALUE
 nucomp_s_new_internal(VALUE klass, VALUE real, VALUE imag)
@@ -274,6 +403,7 @@ nucomp_s_new_internal(VALUE klass, VALUE real, VALUE imag)
 
     RCOMPLEX_SET_REAL(obj, real);
     RCOMPLEX_SET_IMAG(obj, imag);
+    OBJ_FREEZE_RAW((VALUE)obj);
 
     return (VALUE)obj;
 }
@@ -284,65 +414,26 @@ nucomp_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
     return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, ZERO, ZERO);
 }
 
-#if 0
-static VALUE
-nucomp_s_new_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
-{
-    VALUE real, imag;
-
-    switch (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &real, &imag)) {
-      case 1:
-	if (!k_numeric_p(real))
-	    real = f_to_i(real);
-	imag = ZERO;
-	break;
-      default:
-	if (!k_numeric_p(real))
-	    real = f_to_i(real);
-	if (!k_numeric_p(imag))
-	    imag = f_to_i(imag);
-	break;
-    }
-
-    return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, real, imag);
-}
-#endif
-
 inline static VALUE
 f_complex_new_bang1(VALUE klass, VALUE x)
 {
-    assert(!k_complex_p(x));
+    assert(!RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX));
     return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, x, ZERO);
 }
 
 inline static VALUE
 f_complex_new_bang2(VALUE klass, VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    assert(!k_complex_p(x));
-    assert(!k_complex_p(y));
+    assert(!RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX));
+    assert(!RB_TYPE_P(y, T_COMPLEX));
     return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, x, y);
 }
 
-#ifdef CANONICALIZATION_FOR_MATHN
-#define CANON
-#endif
-
-#ifdef CANON
-static int canonicalization = 0;
-
-RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED void
-nucomp_canonicalization(int f)
-{
-    canonicalization = f;
-}
-#endif
-
 inline static void
 nucomp_real_check(VALUE num)
 {
-    if (!RB_TYPE_P(num, T_FIXNUM) &&
-	!RB_TYPE_P(num, T_BIGNUM) &&
-	!RB_TYPE_P(num, T_FLOAT) &&
+    if (!RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(num) &&
+	!RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(num) &&
 	!RB_TYPE_P(num, T_RATIONAL)) {
 	if (!k_numeric_p(num) || !f_real_p(num))
 	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "not a real");
@@ -352,26 +443,20 @@ nucomp_real_check(VALUE num)
 inline static VALUE
 nucomp_s_canonicalize_internal(VALUE klass, VALUE real, VALUE imag)
 {
-#ifdef CANON
-#define CL_CANON
-#ifdef CL_CANON
-    if (k_exact_zero_p(imag) && canonicalization)
-	return real;
-#else
-    if (f_zero_p(imag) && canonicalization)
-	return real;
-#endif
-#endif
-    if (f_real_p(real) && f_real_p(imag))
+    int complex_r, complex_i;
+    complex_r = RB_TYPE_P(real, T_COMPLEX);
+    complex_i = RB_TYPE_P(imag, T_COMPLEX);
+    if (!complex_r && !complex_i) {
 	return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, real, imag);
-    else if (f_real_p(real)) {
+    }
+    else if (!complex_r) {
 	get_dat1(imag);
 
 	return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass,
 				     f_sub(real, dat->imag),
 				     f_add(ZERO, dat->real));
     }
-    else if (f_real_p(imag)) {
+    else if (!complex_i) {
 	get_dat1(real);
 
 	return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass,
@@ -418,13 +503,16 @@ nucomp_s_new(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 inline static VALUE
 f_complex_new2(VALUE klass, VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    assert(!k_complex_p(x));
+    assert(!RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX));
     return nucomp_s_canonicalize_internal(klass, x, y);
 }
 
+static VALUE nucomp_convert(VALUE klass, VALUE a1, VALUE a2, int raise);
+static VALUE nucomp_s_convert(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass);
+
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Complex(x[, y])  ->  numeric
+ *    Complex(x[, y], exception: true)  ->  numeric or nil
  *
  * Returns x+i*y;
  *
@@ -433,6 +521,9 @@ f_complex_new2(VALUE klass, VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *    Complex(nil)     #=> TypeError
  *    Complex(1, nil)  #=> TypeError
  *
+ *    Complex(1, nil, exception: false)  #=> nil
+ *    Complex('1+2', exception: false)   #=> nil
+ *
  * Syntax of string form:
  *
  *   string form = extra spaces , complex , extra spaces ;
@@ -458,7 +549,19 @@ f_complex_new2(VALUE klass, VALUE x, VALUE y)
 static VALUE
 nucomp_f_complex(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    return rb_funcall2(rb_cComplex, id_convert, argc, argv);
+    VALUE a1, a2, opts = Qnil;
+    int raise = TRUE;
+
+    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11:", &a1, &a2, &opts) == 1) {
+        a2 = Qundef;
+    }
+    if (!NIL_P(opts)) {
+        raise = rb_opts_exception_p(opts, raise);
+    }
+    if (argc > 0 && CLASS_OF(a1) == rb_cComplex && a2 == Qundef) {
+        return a1;
+    }
+    return nucomp_convert(rb_cComplex, a1, a2, raise);
 }
 
 #define imp1(n) \
@@ -468,20 +571,9 @@ m_##n##_bang(VALUE x)\
     return rb_math_##n(x);\
 }
 
-#define imp2(n) \
-inline static VALUE \
-m_##n##_bang(VALUE x, VALUE y)\
-{\
-    return rb_math_##n(x, y);\
-}
-
-imp2(atan2)
 imp1(cos)
 imp1(cosh)
 imp1(exp)
-imp2(hypot)
-
-#define m_hypot(x,y) m_hypot_bang((x),(y))
 
 static VALUE
 m_log_bang(VALUE x)
@@ -495,7 +587,7 @@ imp1(sinh)
 static VALUE
 m_cos(VALUE x)
 {
-    if (f_real_p(x))
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX))
 	return m_cos_bang(x);
     {
 	get_dat1(x);
@@ -510,7 +602,7 @@ m_cos(VALUE x)
 static VALUE
 m_sin(VALUE x)
 {
-    if (f_real_p(x))
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX))
 	return m_sin_bang(x);
     {
 	get_dat1(x);
@@ -522,42 +614,78 @@ m_sin(VALUE x)
     }
 }
 
-#if 0
-imp1(sqrt)
-
 static VALUE
-m_sqrt(VALUE x)
+f_complex_polar(VALUE klass, VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    if (f_real_p(x)) {
-	if (f_positive_p(x))
-	    return m_sqrt_bang(x);
-	return f_complex_new2(rb_cComplex, ZERO, m_sqrt_bang(f_negate(x)));
+    assert(!RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX));
+    assert(!RB_TYPE_P(y, T_COMPLEX));
+    if (f_zero_p(x) || f_zero_p(y)) {
+	return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, x, RFLOAT_0);
     }
-    else {
-	get_dat1(x);
-
-	if (f_negative_p(dat->imag))
-	    return f_conj(m_sqrt(f_conj(x)));
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
+	const double arg = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
+	if (arg == M_PI) {
+	    x = f_negate(x);
+	    y = RFLOAT_0;
+	}
+	else if (arg == M_PI_2) {
+	    y = x;
+	    x = RFLOAT_0;
+	}
+	else if (arg == M_PI_2+M_PI) {
+	    y = f_negate(x);
+	    x = RFLOAT_0;
+	}
+	else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+	    const double abs = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
+	    const double real = abs * cos(arg), imag = abs * sin(arg);
+	    x = DBL2NUM(real);
+	    y = DBL2NUM(imag);
+	}
 	else {
-	    VALUE a = f_abs(x);
-	    return f_complex_new2(rb_cComplex,
-				  m_sqrt_bang(f_div(f_add(a, dat->real), TWO)),
-				  m_sqrt_bang(f_div(f_sub(a, dat->real), TWO)));
+            const double ax = sin(arg), ay = cos(arg);
+            y = f_mul(x, DBL2NUM(ax));
+            x = f_mul(x, DBL2NUM(ay));
 	}
+	return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, x, y);
     }
-}
-#endif
-
-inline static VALUE
-f_complex_polar(VALUE klass, VALUE x, VALUE y)
-{
-    assert(!k_complex_p(x));
-    assert(!k_complex_p(y));
     return nucomp_s_canonicalize_internal(klass,
 					  f_mul(x, m_cos(y)),
 					  f_mul(x, m_sin(y)));
 }
 
+#ifdef HAVE___COSPI
+# define cospi(x) __cospi(x)
+#else
+# define cospi(x) cos((x) * M_PI)
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE___SINPI
+# define sinpi(x) __sinpi(x)
+#else
+# define sinpi(x) sin((x) * M_PI)
+#endif
+/* returns a Complex or Float of ang*PI-rotated abs */
+VALUE
+rb_dbl_complex_new_polar_pi(double abs, double ang)
+{
+    double fi;
+    const double fr = modf(ang, &fi);
+    int pos = fr == +0.5;
+
+    if (pos || fr == -0.5) {
+	if ((modf(fi / 2.0, &fi) != fr) ^ pos) abs = -abs;
+	return rb_complex_new(RFLOAT_0, DBL2NUM(abs));
+    }
+    else if (fr == 0.0) {
+	if (modf(fi / 2.0, &fi) != 0.0) abs = -abs;
+	return DBL2NUM(abs);
+    }
+    else {
+        const double real = abs * cospi(ang), imag = abs * sinpi(ang);
+        return rb_complex_new(DBL2NUM(real), DBL2NUM(imag));
+    }
+}
+
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    Complex.polar(abs[, arg])  ->  complex
@@ -577,13 +705,20 @@ nucomp_s_polar(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     switch (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &abs, &arg)) {
       case 1:
 	nucomp_real_check(abs);
-	arg = ZERO;
-	break;
+	return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, abs, ZERO);
       default:
 	nucomp_real_check(abs);
 	nucomp_real_check(arg);
 	break;
     }
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(abs, T_COMPLEX)) {
+        get_dat1(abs);
+        abs = dat->real;
+    }
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(arg, T_COMPLEX)) {
+        get_dat1(arg);
+        arg = dat->real;
+    }
     return f_complex_polar(klass, abs, arg);
 }
 
@@ -596,8 +731,8 @@ nucomp_s_polar(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *    Complex(7).real      #=> 7
  *    Complex(9, -4).real  #=> 9
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_real(VALUE self)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_real(VALUE self)
 {
     get_dat1(self);
     return dat->real;
@@ -613,8 +748,8 @@ nucomp_real(VALUE self)
  *    Complex(7).imaginary      #=> 0
  *    Complex(9, -4).imaginary  #=> -4
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_imag(VALUE self)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_imag(VALUE self)
 {
     get_dat1(self);
     return dat->imag;
@@ -628,35 +763,12 @@ nucomp_imag(VALUE self)
  *
  *    -Complex(1, 2)  #=> (-1-2i)
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_negate(VALUE self)
-{
-  get_dat1(self);
-  return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
-			f_negate(dat->real), f_negate(dat->imag));
-}
-
-inline static VALUE
-f_addsub(VALUE self, VALUE other,
-	 VALUE (*func)(VALUE, VALUE), ID id)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_uminus(VALUE self)
 {
-    if (k_complex_p(other)) {
-	VALUE real, imag;
-
-	get_dat2(self, other);
-
-	real = (*func)(adat->real, bdat->real);
-	imag = (*func)(adat->imag, bdat->imag);
-
-	return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self), real, imag);
-    }
-    if (k_numeric_p(other) && f_real_p(other)) {
-	get_dat1(self);
-
-	return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
-			      (*func)(dat->real, other), dat->imag);
-    }
-    return rb_num_coerce_bin(self, other, id);
+    get_dat1(self);
+    return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
+			  f_negate(dat->real), f_negate(dat->imag));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -671,10 +783,26 @@ f_addsub(VALUE self, VALUE other,
  *    Complex(9, 8)  + 4               #=> (13+8i)
  *    Complex(20, 9) + 9.8             #=> (29.8+9i)
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_add(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_plus(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
-    return f_addsub(self, other, f_add, '+');
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX)) {
+	VALUE real, imag;
+
+	get_dat2(self, other);
+
+	real = f_add(adat->real, bdat->real);
+	imag = f_add(adat->imag, bdat->imag);
+
+	return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self), real, imag);
+    }
+    if (k_numeric_p(other) && f_real_p(other)) {
+	get_dat1(self);
+
+	return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
+			      f_add(dat->real, other), dat->imag);
+    }
+    return rb_num_coerce_bin(self, other, '+');
 }
 
 /*
@@ -689,10 +817,52 @@ nucomp_add(VALUE self, VALUE other)
  *    Complex(9, 8)  - 4               #=> (5+8i)
  *    Complex(20, 9) - 9.8             #=> (10.2+9i)
  */
+VALUE
+rb_complex_minus(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+{
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX)) {
+	VALUE real, imag;
+
+	get_dat2(self, other);
+
+	real = f_sub(adat->real, bdat->real);
+	imag = f_sub(adat->imag, bdat->imag);
+
+	return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self), real, imag);
+    }
+    if (k_numeric_p(other) && f_real_p(other)) {
+	get_dat1(self);
+
+	return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
+			      f_sub(dat->real, other), dat->imag);
+    }
+    return rb_num_coerce_bin(self, other, '-');
+}
+
 static VALUE
-nucomp_sub(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+safe_mul(VALUE a, VALUE b, int az, int bz)
 {
-    return f_addsub(self, other, f_sub, '-');
+    double v;
+    if (!az && bz && RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(a) && (v = RFLOAT_VALUE(a), !isnan(v))) {
+	a = signbit(v) ? DBL2NUM(-1.0) : DBL2NUM(1.0);
+    }
+    if (!bz && az && RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(b) && (v = RFLOAT_VALUE(b), !isnan(v))) {
+	b = signbit(v) ? DBL2NUM(-1.0) : DBL2NUM(1.0);
+    }
+    return f_mul(a, b);
+}
+
+static void
+comp_mul(VALUE areal, VALUE aimag, VALUE breal, VALUE bimag, VALUE *real, VALUE *imag)
+{
+    int arzero = f_zero_p(areal);
+    int aizero = f_zero_p(aimag);
+    int brzero = f_zero_p(breal);
+    int bizero = f_zero_p(bimag);
+    *real = f_sub(safe_mul(areal, breal, arzero, brzero),
+                  safe_mul(aimag, bimag, aizero, bizero));
+    *imag = f_add(safe_mul(areal, bimag, arzero, bizero),
+                  safe_mul(aimag, breal, aizero, brzero));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -707,18 +877,14 @@ nucomp_sub(VALUE self, VALUE other)
  *    Complex(9, 8)  * 4               #=> (36+32i)
  *    Complex(20, 9) * 9.8             #=> (196.0+88.2i)
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_mul(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_mul(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
-    if (k_complex_p(other)) {
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX)) {
 	VALUE real, imag;
-
 	get_dat2(self, other);
 
-	real = f_sub(f_mul(adat->real, bdat->real),
-		     f_mul(adat->imag, bdat->imag));
-	imag = f_add(f_mul(adat->real, bdat->imag),
-		     f_mul(adat->imag, bdat->real));
+        comp_mul(adat->real, adat->imag, bdat->real, bdat->imag, &real, &imag);
 
 	return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self), real, imag);
     }
@@ -736,50 +902,38 @@ inline static VALUE
 f_divide(VALUE self, VALUE other,
 	 VALUE (*func)(VALUE, VALUE), ID id)
 {
-    if (k_complex_p(other)) {
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX)) {
+        VALUE r, n, x, y;
 	int flo;
 	get_dat2(self, other);
 
-	flo = (k_float_p(adat->real) || k_float_p(adat->imag) ||
-	       k_float_p(bdat->real) || k_float_p(bdat->imag));
+	flo = (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(adat->real) || RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(adat->imag) ||
+	       RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(bdat->real) || RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(bdat->imag));
 
 	if (f_gt_p(f_abs(bdat->real), f_abs(bdat->imag))) {
-	    VALUE r, n;
-
 	    r = (*func)(bdat->imag, bdat->real);
 	    n = f_mul(bdat->real, f_add(ONE, f_mul(r, r)));
-	    if (flo)
-		return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
-				      (*func)(self, n),
-				      (*func)(f_negate(f_mul(self, r)), n));
-	    return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
-				  (*func)(f_add(adat->real,
-						f_mul(adat->imag, r)), n),
-				  (*func)(f_sub(adat->imag,
-						f_mul(adat->real, r)), n));
+            x = (*func)(f_add(adat->real, f_mul(adat->imag, r)), n);
+            y = (*func)(f_sub(adat->imag, f_mul(adat->real, r)), n);
 	}
 	else {
-	    VALUE r, n;
-
 	    r = (*func)(bdat->real, bdat->imag);
 	    n = f_mul(bdat->imag, f_add(ONE, f_mul(r, r)));
-	    if (flo)
-		return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
-				      (*func)(f_mul(self, r), n),
-				      (*func)(f_negate(self), n));
-	    return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
-				  (*func)(f_add(f_mul(adat->real, r),
-						adat->imag), n),
-				  (*func)(f_sub(f_mul(adat->imag, r),
-						adat->real), n));
+            x = (*func)(f_add(f_mul(adat->real, r), adat->imag), n);
+            y = (*func)(f_sub(f_mul(adat->imag, r), adat->real), n);
 	}
+        if (!flo) {
+            x = rb_rational_canonicalize(x);
+            y = rb_rational_canonicalize(y);
+        }
+        return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self), x, y);
     }
     if (k_numeric_p(other) && f_real_p(other)) {
+        VALUE x, y;
 	get_dat1(self);
-
-	return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
-			      (*func)(dat->real, other),
-			      (*func)(dat->imag, other));
+        x = rb_rational_canonicalize((*func)(dat->real, other));
+        y = rb_rational_canonicalize((*func)(dat->imag, other));
+        return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self), x, y);
     }
     return rb_num_coerce_bin(self, other, id);
 }
@@ -799,13 +953,13 @@ f_divide(VALUE self, VALUE other,
  *    Complex(9, 8)  / 4               #=> ((9/4)+(2/1)*i)
  *    Complex(20, 9) / 9.8             #=> (2.0408163265306123+0.9183673469387754i)
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_div(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_div(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
     return f_divide(self, other, f_quo, id_quo);
 }
 
-#define nucomp_quo nucomp_div
+#define nucomp_quo rb_complex_div
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
@@ -836,23 +990,23 @@ f_reciprocal(VALUE x)
  *    Complex('i') ** 2              #=> (-1+0i)
  *    Complex(-8) ** Rational(1, 3)  #=> (1.0000000000000002+1.7320508075688772i)
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_expt(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_pow(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
     if (k_numeric_p(other) && k_exact_zero_p(other))
 	return f_complex_new_bang1(CLASS_OF(self), ONE);
 
-    if (k_rational_p(other) && f_one_p(f_denominator(other)))
-	other = f_numerator(other); /* c14n */
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_RATIONAL) && RRATIONAL(other)->den == LONG2FIX(1))
+	other = RRATIONAL(other)->num; /* c14n */
 
-    if (k_complex_p(other)) {
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX)) {
 	get_dat1(other);
 
 	if (k_exact_zero_p(dat->imag))
 	    other = dat->real; /* c14n */
     }
 
-    if (k_complex_p(other)) {
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX)) {
 	VALUE r, theta, nr, ntheta;
 
 	get_dat1(other);
@@ -866,44 +1020,51 @@ nucomp_expt(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 		       f_mul(dat->imag, m_log_bang(r)));
 	return f_complex_polar(CLASS_OF(self), nr, ntheta);
     }
-    if (k_fixnum_p(other)) {
-	if (f_gt_p(other, ZERO)) {
-	    VALUE x, z;
-	    long n;
-
-	    x = self;
-	    z = x;
-	    n = FIX2LONG(other) - 1;
-
-	    while (n) {
-		long q, r;
-
-		while (1) {
-		    get_dat1(x);
-
-		    q = n / 2;
-		    r = n % 2;
-
-		    if (r)
-			break;
-
-		    x = nucomp_s_new_internal(CLASS_OF(self),
-				       f_sub(f_mul(dat->real, dat->real),
-					     f_mul(dat->imag, dat->imag)),
-				       f_mul(f_mul(TWO, dat->real), dat->imag));
-		    n = q;
-		}
-		z = f_mul(z, x);
-		n--;
-	    }
-	    return z;
+    if (FIXNUM_P(other)) {
+        long n = FIX2LONG(other);
+        if (n == 0) {
+            return nucomp_s_new_internal(CLASS_OF(self), ONE, ZERO);
+        }
+        if (n < 0) {
+            self = f_reciprocal(self);
+            other = rb_int_uminus(other);
+            n = -n;
+        }
+        {
+            get_dat1(self);
+            VALUE xr = dat->real, xi = dat->imag, zr = xr, zi = xi;
+
+            if (f_zero_p(xi)) {
+                zr = rb_num_pow(zr, other);
+            }
+            else if (f_zero_p(xr)) {
+                zi = rb_num_pow(zi, other);
+                if (n & 2) zi = f_negate(zi);
+                if (!(n & 1)) {
+                    VALUE tmp = zr;
+                    zr = zi;
+                    zi = tmp;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                while (--n) {
+                    long q, r;
+
+                    for (; q = n / 2, r = n % 2, r == 0; n = q) {
+                        VALUE tmp = f_sub(f_mul(xr, xr), f_mul(xi, xi));
+                        xi = f_mul(f_mul(TWO, xr), xi);
+                        xr = tmp;
+                    }
+                    comp_mul(zr, zi, xr, xi, &zr, &zi);
+                }
+            }
+            return nucomp_s_new_internal(CLASS_OF(self), zr, zi);
 	}
-	return f_expt(f_reciprocal(self), f_negate(other));
     }
     if (k_numeric_p(other) && f_real_p(other)) {
 	VALUE r, theta;
 
-	if (k_bignum_p(other))
+	if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_BIGNUM))
 	    rb_warn("in a**b, b may be too big");
 
 	r = f_abs(self);
@@ -930,7 +1091,7 @@ nucomp_expt(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 static VALUE
 nucomp_eqeq_p(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
-    if (k_complex_p(other)) {
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX)) {
 	get_dat2(self, other);
 
 	return f_boolcast(f_eqeq_p(adat->real, bdat->real) &&
@@ -941,20 +1102,57 @@ nucomp_eqeq_p(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
 	return f_boolcast(f_eqeq_p(dat->real, other) && f_zero_p(dat->imag));
     }
-    return f_eqeq_p(other, self);
+    return f_boolcast(f_eqeq_p(other, self));
+}
+
+static bool
+nucomp_real_p(VALUE self)
+{
+    get_dat1(self);
+    return(f_zero_p(dat->imag) ? true : false);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    cmp <=> object  ->  0, 1, -1, or nil
+ *
+ * If +cmp+'s imaginary part is zero, and +object+ is also a
+ * real number (or a Complex number where the imaginary part is zero),
+ * compare the real part of +cmp+ to object.  Otherwise, return nil.
+ *
+ *    Complex(2, 3)  <=> Complex(2, 3)   #=> nil
+ *    Complex(2, 3)  <=> 1               #=> nil
+ *    Complex(2)     <=> 1               #=> 1
+ *    Complex(2)     <=> 2               #=> 0
+ *    Complex(2)     <=> 3               #=> -1
+ */
+static VALUE
+nucomp_cmp(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+{
+    if (nucomp_real_p(self) && k_numeric_p(other)) {
+        if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX) && nucomp_real_p(other)) {
+            get_dat2(self, other);
+            return rb_funcall(adat->real, idCmp, 1, bdat->real);
+        }
+        else if (f_real_p(other)) {
+            get_dat1(self);
+            return rb_funcall(dat->real, idCmp, 1, other);
+        }
+    }
+    return Qnil;
 }
 
 /* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_coerce(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
-    if (k_numeric_p(other) && f_real_p(other))
-	return rb_assoc_new(f_complex_new_bang1(CLASS_OF(self), other), self);
     if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX))
 	return rb_assoc_new(other, self);
+    if (k_numeric_p(other) && f_real_p(other))
+        return rb_assoc_new(f_complex_new_bang1(CLASS_OF(self), other), self);
 
-    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s can't be coerced into %s",
-	     rb_obj_classname(other), rb_obj_classname(self));
+    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%"PRIsVALUE" can't be coerced into %"PRIsVALUE,
+	     rb_obj_class(other), rb_obj_class(self));
     return Qnil;
 }
 
@@ -968,24 +1166,24 @@ nucomp_coerce(VALUE self, VALUE other)
  *    Complex(-1).abs         #=> 1
  *    Complex(3.0, -4.0).abs  #=> 5.0
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_abs(VALUE self)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_abs(VALUE self)
 {
     get_dat1(self);
 
     if (f_zero_p(dat->real)) {
 	VALUE a = f_abs(dat->imag);
-	if (k_float_p(dat->real) && !k_float_p(dat->imag))
+	if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(dat->real) && !RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(dat->imag))
 	    a = f_to_f(a);
 	return a;
     }
     if (f_zero_p(dat->imag)) {
 	VALUE a = f_abs(dat->real);
-	if (!k_float_p(dat->real) && k_float_p(dat->imag))
+	if (!RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(dat->real) && RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(dat->imag))
 	    a = f_to_f(a);
 	return a;
     }
-    return m_hypot(dat->real, dat->imag);
+    return rb_math_hypot(dat->real, dat->imag);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1015,11 +1213,11 @@ nucomp_abs2(VALUE self)
  *
  *    Complex.polar(3, Math::PI/2).arg  #=> 1.5707963267948966
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_arg(VALUE self)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_arg(VALUE self)
 {
     get_dat1(self);
-    return m_atan2_bang(dat->imag, dat->real);
+    return rb_math_atan2(dat->imag, dat->real);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1061,27 +1259,19 @@ nucomp_polar(VALUE self)
  *
  *    Complex(1, 2).conjugate  #=> (1-2i)
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_conj(VALUE self)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_conjugate(VALUE self)
 {
     get_dat1(self);
     return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self), dat->real, f_negate(dat->imag));
 }
 
-#if 0
-/* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_true(VALUE self)
-{
-    return Qtrue;
-}
-#endif
-
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    cmp.real?  ->  false
+ *    Complex(1).real?     ->  false
+ *    Complex(1, 2).real?  ->  false
  *
- * Returns false.
+ * Returns false, even if the complex number has no imaginary part.
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_false(VALUE self)
@@ -1089,23 +1279,6 @@ nucomp_false(VALUE self)
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
-#if 0
-/* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_exact_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    get_dat1(self);
-    return f_boolcast(k_exact_p(dat->real) && k_exact_p(dat->imag));
-}
-
-/* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_inexact_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return f_boolcast(!nucomp_exact_p(self));
-}
-#endif
-
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    cmp.denominator  ->  integer
@@ -1146,7 +1319,7 @@ nucomp_numerator(VALUE self)
 
     get_dat1(self);
 
-    cd = f_denominator(self);
+    cd = nucomp_denominator(self);
     return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
 			  f_mul(f_numerator(dat->real),
 				f_div(cd, f_denominator(dat->real))),
@@ -1155,8 +1328,8 @@ nucomp_numerator(VALUE self)
 }
 
 /* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_hash(VALUE self)
+st_index_t
+rb_complex_hash(VALUE self)
 {
     st_index_t v, h[2];
     VALUE n;
@@ -1167,14 +1340,20 @@ nucomp_hash(VALUE self)
     n = rb_hash(dat->imag);
     h[1] = NUM2LONG(n);
     v = rb_memhash(h, sizeof(h));
-    return LONG2FIX(v);
+    return v;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+nucomp_hash(VALUE self)
+{
+    return ST2FIX(rb_complex_hash(self));
 }
 
 /* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_eql_p(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
-    if (k_complex_p(other)) {
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX)) {
 	get_dat2(self, other);
 
 	return f_boolcast((CLASS_OF(adat->real) == CLASS_OF(bdat->real)) &&
@@ -1185,30 +1364,27 @@ nucomp_eql_p(VALUE self, VALUE other)
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
-inline static VALUE
+inline static int
 f_signbit(VALUE x)
 {
-#if defined(HAVE_SIGNBIT) && defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__sun) && \
-    !defined(signbit)
-    extern int signbit(double);
-#endif
-    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_FLOAT)) {
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
 	double f = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
-	return f_boolcast(!isnan(f) && signbit(f));
+	return !isnan(f) && signbit(f);
     }
     return f_negative_p(x);
 }
 
-inline static VALUE
+inline static int
 f_tpositive_p(VALUE x)
 {
-    return f_boolcast(!f_signbit(x));
+    return !f_signbit(x);
 }
 
 static VALUE
 f_format(VALUE self, VALUE (*func)(VALUE))
 {
-    VALUE s, impos;
+    VALUE s;
+    int impos;
 
     get_dat1(self);
 
@@ -1267,6 +1443,49 @@ nucomp_inspect(VALUE self)
     return s;
 }
 
+#define FINITE_TYPE_P(v) (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(v) || RB_TYPE_P(v, T_RATIONAL))
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    cmp.finite?  ->  true or false
+ *
+ * Returns +true+ if +cmp+'s real and imaginary parts are both finite numbers,
+ * otherwise returns +false+.
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_complex_finite_p(VALUE self)
+{
+    get_dat1(self);
+
+    if (f_finite_p(dat->real) && f_finite_p(dat->imag)) {
+	return Qtrue;
+    }
+    return Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    cmp.infinite?  ->  nil or 1
+ *
+ * Returns +1+ if +cmp+'s real or imaginary part is an infinite number,
+ * otherwise returns +nil+.
+ *
+ *  For example:
+ *
+ *     (1+1i).infinite?                   #=> nil
+ *     (Float::INFINITY + 1i).infinite?   #=> 1
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_complex_infinite_p(VALUE self)
+{
+    get_dat1(self);
+
+    if (NIL_P(f_infinite_p(dat->real)) && NIL_P(f_infinite_p(dat->imag))) {
+	return Qnil;
+    }
+    return ONE;
+}
+
 /* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_dumper(VALUE self)
@@ -1282,6 +1501,7 @@ nucomp_loader(VALUE self, VALUE a)
 
     RCOMPLEX_SET_REAL(dat, rb_ivar_get(a, id_i_real));
     RCOMPLEX_SET_IMAG(dat, rb_ivar_get(a, id_i_imag));
+    OBJ_FREEZE_RAW(self);
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -1325,12 +1545,16 @@ rb_complex_new(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_complex_polar(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+rb_complex_new_polar(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     return f_complex_polar(rb_cComplex, x, y);
 }
 
-static VALUE nucomp_s_convert(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass);
+VALUE
+rb_complex_polar(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    return rb_complex_new_polar(x, y);
+}
 
 VALUE
 rb_Complex(VALUE x, VALUE y)
@@ -1341,18 +1565,17 @@ rb_Complex(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return nucomp_s_convert(2, a, rb_cComplex);
 }
 
+/*!
+ * Creates a Complex object.
+ *
+ * \param real    real part value
+ * \param imag    imaginary part value
+ * \return        a new Complex object
+ */
 VALUE
-rb_complex_set_real(VALUE cmp, VALUE r)
-{
-    RCOMPLEX_SET_REAL(cmp, r);
-    return cmp;
-}
-
-VALUE
-rb_complex_set_imag(VALUE cmp, VALUE i)
+rb_dbl_complex_new(double real, double imag)
 {
-    RCOMPLEX_SET_IMAG(cmp, i);
-    return cmp;
+    return rb_complex_raw(DBL2NUM(real), DBL2NUM(imag));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1371,7 +1594,7 @@ nucomp_to_i(VALUE self)
 {
     get_dat1(self);
 
-    if (k_inexact_p(dat->imag) || f_nonzero_p(dat->imag)) {
+    if (!k_exact_zero_p(dat->imag)) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "can't convert %"PRIsVALUE" into Integer",
 		 self);
     }
@@ -1394,7 +1617,7 @@ nucomp_to_f(VALUE self)
 {
     get_dat1(self);
 
-    if (k_inexact_p(dat->imag) || f_nonzero_p(dat->imag)) {
+    if (!k_exact_zero_p(dat->imag)) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "can't convert %"PRIsVALUE" into Float",
 		 self);
     }
@@ -1419,7 +1642,7 @@ nucomp_to_r(VALUE self)
 {
     get_dat1(self);
 
-    if (k_inexact_p(dat->imag) || f_nonzero_p(dat->imag)) {
+    if (!k_exact_zero_p(dat->imag)) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "can't convert %"PRIsVALUE" into Rational",
 		 self);
     }
@@ -1444,13 +1667,13 @@ nucomp_rationalize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
     get_dat1(self);
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", NULL);
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
 
-    if (k_inexact_p(dat->imag) || f_nonzero_p(dat->imag)) {
+    if (!k_exact_zero_p(dat->imag)) {
        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "can't convert %"PRIsVALUE" into Rational",
                 self);
     }
-    return rb_funcall2(dat->real, rb_intern("rationalize"), argc, argv);
+    return rb_funcallv(dat->real, id_rationalize, argc, argv);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1492,8 +1715,6 @@ numeric_to_c(VALUE self)
     return rb_complex_new1(self);
 }
 
-#include <ctype.h>
-
 inline static int
 issign(int c)
 {
@@ -1690,7 +1911,7 @@ read_comp(const char **s, int strict,
 	    return 0; /* e.g. "1@-" */
 	}
 	num2 = str2num(bb);
-	*ret = rb_complex_polar(num, num2);
+	*ret = rb_complex_new_polar(num, num2);
 	if (!st)
 	    return 0; /* e.g. "1@2." */
 	else
@@ -1733,8 +1954,7 @@ skip_ws(const char **s)
 }
 
 static int
-parse_comp(const char *s, int strict,
-	   VALUE *num)
+parse_comp(const char *s, int strict, VALUE *num)
 {
     char *buf, *b;
     VALUE tmp;
@@ -1745,14 +1965,14 @@ parse_comp(const char *s, int strict,
 
     skip_ws(&s);
     if (!read_comp(&s, strict, num, &b)) {
-	ret = 0;
+        ret = 0;
     }
     else {
-	skip_ws(&s);
+        skip_ws(&s);
 
-	if (strict)
-	    if (*s != '\0')
-		ret = 0;
+        if (strict)
+            if (*s != '\0')
+                ret = 0;
     }
     ALLOCV_END(tmp);
 
@@ -1760,7 +1980,7 @@ parse_comp(const char *s, int strict,
 }
 
 static VALUE
-string_to_c_strict(VALUE self)
+string_to_c_strict(VALUE self, int raise)
 {
     char *s;
     VALUE num;
@@ -1769,8 +1989,10 @@ string_to_c_strict(VALUE self)
 
     s = RSTRING_PTR(self);
 
-    if (!s || memchr(s, '\0', RSTRING_LEN(self)))
+    if (!s || memchr(s, '\0', RSTRING_LEN(self))) {
+        if (!raise) return Qnil;
 	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "string contains null byte");
+    }
 
     if (s && s[RSTRING_LEN(self)]) {
 	rb_str_modify(self);
@@ -1782,6 +2004,7 @@ string_to_c_strict(VALUE self)
 	s = (char *)"";
 
     if (!parse_comp(s, 1, &num)) {
+        if (!raise) return Qnil;
 	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid value for convert(): %+"PRIsVALUE,
 		 self);
     }
@@ -1837,28 +2060,29 @@ string_to_c(VALUE self)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-nucomp_s_convert(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
+to_complex(VALUE val)
 {
-    VALUE a1, a2, backref;
-
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &a1, &a2);
+    return rb_convert_type(val, T_COMPLEX, "Complex", "to_c");
+}
 
-    if (NIL_P(a1) || (argc == 2 && NIL_P(a2)))
+static VALUE
+nucomp_convert(VALUE klass, VALUE a1, VALUE a2, int raise)
+{
+    if (NIL_P(a1) || NIL_P(a2)) {
+        if (!raise) return Qnil;
 	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't convert nil into Complex");
-
-    backref = rb_backref_get();
-    rb_match_busy(backref);
+    }
 
     if (RB_TYPE_P(a1, T_STRING)) {
-	a1 = string_to_c_strict(a1);
+	a1 = string_to_c_strict(a1, raise);
+        if (NIL_P(a1)) return Qnil;
     }
 
     if (RB_TYPE_P(a2, T_STRING)) {
-	a2 = string_to_c_strict(a2);
+	a2 = string_to_c_strict(a2, raise);
+        if (NIL_P(a2)) return Qnil;
     }
 
-    rb_backref_set(backref);
-
     if (RB_TYPE_P(a1, T_COMPLEX)) {
 	{
 	    get_dat1(a1);
@@ -1878,16 +2102,19 @@ nucomp_s_convert(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     }
 
     if (RB_TYPE_P(a1, T_COMPLEX)) {
-	if (argc == 1 || (k_exact_zero_p(a2)))
+	if (a2 == Qundef || (k_exact_zero_p(a2)))
 	    return a1;
     }
 
-    if (argc == 1) {
+    if (a2 == Qundef) {
 	if (k_numeric_p(a1) && !f_real_p(a1))
 	    return a1;
 	/* should raise exception for consistency */
-	if (!k_numeric_p(a1))
-	    return rb_convert_type(a1, T_COMPLEX, "Complex", "to_c");
+	if (!k_numeric_p(a1)) {
+            if (!raise)
+                return rb_protect(to_complex, a1, NULL);
+	    return to_complex(a1);
+        }
     }
     else {
 	if ((k_numeric_p(a1) && k_numeric_p(a2)) &&
@@ -1898,13 +2125,35 @@ nucomp_s_convert(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     }
 
     {
+        int argc;
 	VALUE argv2[2];
 	argv2[0] = a1;
-	argv2[1] = a2;
+        if (a2 == Qundef) {
+            argv2[1] = Qnil;
+            argc = 1;
+        }
+        else {
+            if (!raise && !RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(a2) && !RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(a2) && !RB_TYPE_P(a2, T_RATIONAL))
+                return Qnil;
+            argv2[1] = a2;
+            argc = 2;
+        }
 	return nucomp_s_new(argc, argv2, klass);
     }
 }
 
+static VALUE
+nucomp_s_convert(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
+{
+    VALUE a1, a2;
+
+    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &a1, &a2) == 1) {
+        a2 = Qundef;
+    }
+
+    return nucomp_convert(klass, a1, a2, TRUE);
+}
+
 /* --- */
 
 /*
@@ -1944,8 +2193,6 @@ numeric_abs2(VALUE self)
     return f_mul(self, self);
 }
 
-#define id_PI rb_intern("PI")
-
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    num.arg    ->  0 or float
@@ -1958,8 +2205,8 @@ static VALUE
 numeric_arg(VALUE self)
 {
     if (f_positive_p(self))
-	return INT2FIX(0);
-    return rb_const_get(rb_mMath, id_PI);
+        return INT2FIX(0);
+    return DBL2NUM(M_PI);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1975,6 +2222,8 @@ numeric_rect(VALUE self)
     return rb_assoc_new(self, INT2FIX(0));
 }
 
+static VALUE float_arg(VALUE self);
+
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    num.polar  ->  array
@@ -1984,7 +2233,25 @@ numeric_rect(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 numeric_polar(VALUE self)
 {
-    return rb_assoc_new(f_abs(self), f_arg(self));
+    VALUE abs, arg;
+
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(self)) {
+        abs = rb_int_abs(self);
+        arg = numeric_arg(self);
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(self)) {
+        abs = rb_float_abs(self);
+        arg = float_arg(self);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(self, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        abs = rb_rational_abs(self);
+        arg = numeric_arg(self);
+    }
+    else {
+        abs = f_abs(self);
+        arg = f_arg(self);
+    }
+    return rb_assoc_new(abs, arg);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2024,9 +2291,10 @@ float_arg(VALUE self)
  * and i is imaginary unit.  Real a equals complex a+0i
  * mathematically.
  *
- * In ruby, you can create complex object with Complex, Complex::rect,
- * Complex::polar or to_c method.
+ * Complex object can be created as literal, and also by using
+ * Kernel#Complex, Complex::rect, Complex::polar or to_c method.
  *
+ *    2+1i                 #=> (2+1i)
  *    Complex(1)           #=> (1+0i)
  *    Complex(2, 3)        #=> (2+3i)
  *    Complex.polar(2, 3)  #=> (-1.9799849932008908+0.2822400161197344i)
@@ -2054,39 +2322,24 @@ void
 Init_Complex(void)
 {
     VALUE compat;
-#undef rb_intern
-#define rb_intern(str) rb_intern_const(str)
-
-    assert(fprintf(stderr, "assert() is now active\n"));
-
-    id_abs = rb_intern("abs");
-    id_arg = rb_intern("arg");
-    id_convert = rb_intern("convert");
-    id_denominator = rb_intern("denominator");
-    id_eqeq_p = rb_intern("==");
-    id_expt = rb_intern("**");
-    id_fdiv = rb_intern("fdiv");
-    id_negate = rb_intern("-@");
-    id_numerator = rb_intern("numerator");
-    id_quo = rb_intern("quo");
-    id_real_p = rb_intern("real?");
-    id_to_f = rb_intern("to_f");
-    id_to_i = rb_intern("to_i");
-    id_to_r = rb_intern("to_r");
-    id_i_real = rb_intern("@real");
-    id_i_imag = rb_intern("@image"); /* @image, not @imag */
+    id_abs = rb_intern_const("abs");
+    id_arg = rb_intern_const("arg");
+    id_denominator = rb_intern_const("denominator");
+    id_numerator = rb_intern_const("numerator");
+    id_real_p = rb_intern_const("real?");
+    id_i_real = rb_intern_const("@real");
+    id_i_imag = rb_intern_const("@image"); /* @image, not @imag */
+    id_finite_p = rb_intern_const("finite?");
+    id_infinite_p = rb_intern_const("infinite?");
+    id_rationalize = rb_intern_const("rationalize");
+    id_PI = rb_intern_const("PI");
 
     rb_cComplex = rb_define_class("Complex", rb_cNumeric);
 
     rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cComplex, nucomp_s_alloc);
     rb_undef_method(CLASS_OF(rb_cComplex), "allocate");
 
-#if 0
-    rb_define_private_method(CLASS_OF(rb_cComplex), "new!", nucomp_s_new_bang, -1);
-    rb_define_private_method(CLASS_OF(rb_cComplex), "new", nucomp_s_new, -1);
-#else
     rb_undef_method(CLASS_OF(rb_cComplex), "new");
-#endif
 
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cComplex, "rectangular", nucomp_s_new, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cComplex, "rect", nucomp_s_new, -1);
@@ -2094,13 +2347,8 @@ Init_Complex(void)
 
     rb_define_global_function("Complex", nucomp_f_complex, -1);
 
+    rb_undef_methods_from(rb_cComplex, RCLASS_ORIGIN(rb_mComparable));
     rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "%");
-    rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "<");
-    rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "<=");
-    rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "<=>");
-    rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, ">");
-    rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, ">=");
-    rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "between?");
     rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "div");
     rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "divmod");
     rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "floor");
@@ -2112,47 +2360,36 @@ Init_Complex(void)
     rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "truncate");
     rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "i");
 
-#if 0 /* NUBY */
-    rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "//");
-#endif
-
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "real", nucomp_real, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "imaginary", nucomp_imag, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "imag", nucomp_imag, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "real", rb_complex_real, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "imaginary", rb_complex_imag, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "imag", rb_complex_imag, 0);
 
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "-@", nucomp_negate, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "+", nucomp_add, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "-", nucomp_sub, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "*", nucomp_mul, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "/", nucomp_div, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "-@", rb_complex_uminus, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "+", rb_complex_plus, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "-", rb_complex_minus, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "*", rb_complex_mul, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "/", rb_complex_div, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "quo", nucomp_quo, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "fdiv", nucomp_fdiv, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "**", nucomp_expt, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "**", rb_complex_pow, 1);
 
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "==", nucomp_eqeq_p, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "<=>", nucomp_cmp, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "coerce", nucomp_coerce, 1);
 
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "abs", nucomp_abs, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "magnitude", nucomp_abs, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "abs", rb_complex_abs, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "magnitude", rb_complex_abs, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "abs2", nucomp_abs2, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "arg", nucomp_arg, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "angle", nucomp_arg, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "phase", nucomp_arg, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "arg", rb_complex_arg, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "angle", rb_complex_arg, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "phase", rb_complex_arg, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "rectangular", nucomp_rect, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "rect", nucomp_rect, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "polar", nucomp_polar, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "conjugate", nucomp_conj, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "conj", nucomp_conj, 0);
-#if 0
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "~", nucomp_conj, 0); /* gcc */
-#endif
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "conjugate", rb_complex_conjugate, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "conj", rb_complex_conjugate, 0);
 
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "real?", nucomp_false, 0);
-#if 0
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "complex?", nucomp_true, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "exact?", nucomp_exact_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "inexact?", nucomp_inexact_p, 0);
-#endif
 
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "numerator", nucomp_numerator, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "denominator", nucomp_denominator, 0);
@@ -2163,8 +2400,15 @@ Init_Complex(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "to_s", nucomp_to_s, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "inspect", nucomp_inspect, 0);
 
+    rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "positive?");
+    rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "negative?");
+
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "finite?", rb_complex_finite_p, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "infinite?", rb_complex_infinite_p, 0);
+
     rb_define_private_method(rb_cComplex, "marshal_dump", nucomp_marshal_dump, 0);
-    compat = rb_define_class_under(rb_cComplex, "compatible", rb_cObject); /* :nodoc: */
+    /* :nodoc: */
+    compat = rb_define_class_under(rb_cComplex, "compatible", rb_cObject);
     rb_define_private_method(compat, "marshal_load", nucomp_marshal_load, 1);
     rb_marshal_define_compat(rb_cComplex, compat, nucomp_dumper, nucomp_loader);
 
@@ -2207,11 +2451,9 @@ Init_Complex(void)
     rb_define_const(rb_cComplex, "I",
 		    f_complex_new_bang2(rb_cComplex, ZERO, ONE));
 
+#if !USE_FLONUM
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(RFLOAT_0 = DBL2NUM(0.0));
+#endif
+
     rb_provide("complex.so");	/* for backward compatibility */
 }
-
-/*
-Local variables:
-c-file-style: "ruby"
-End:
-*/
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49e0c79a4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -0,0 +1,4235 @@
+dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
+AC_INIT
+{
+AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR(tool)
+
+AC_PREREQ(2.67)
+
+tooldir="$srcdir/tool"
+
+AC_DISABLE_OPTION_CHECKING
+
+m4_include([tool/m4/_colorize_result_prepare.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ac_msg_result.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/colorize_result.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_append_option.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_append_options.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_builtin_func.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_builtin_setjmp.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_printf_prefix.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_setjmp.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_signedness.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_sizeof.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_sysconf.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_cppoutfile.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_decl_attribute.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_default_arch.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_define_if.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_defint.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_dtrace_available.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_dtrace_postprocess.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_func_attribute.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_mingw32.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_prepend_option.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_prog_gnu_ld.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_replace_funcs.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_replace_type.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_rm_recursive.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_setjmp_type.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_stack_grow_direction.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_try_cflags.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_try_cxxflags.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_try_ldflags.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_universal_arch.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_werror_flag.m4])
+
+AC_ARG_VAR([cflags], [additional CFLAGS (ignored when CFLAGS is given)])
+AC_ARG_VAR([cppflags], [additional CPPFLAGS (ignored when CPPFLAGS is given)])
+AC_ARG_VAR([cxxflags], [additional CXXFLAGS (ignored when CXXFLAGS is given)])
+
+: "environment section" && {
+HAVE_BASERUBY=yes
+BASERUBY_VERSION=
+AC_ARG_WITH(baseruby,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-baseruby=RUBY], [use RUBY as baseruby; RUBY is the pathname of ruby]),
+	[AS_CASE(["$withval"],
+	    [*ruby*],[BASERUBY=$withval],
+	    [no],[HAVE_BASERUBY=no],
+	    [AC_MSG_ERROR(need ruby)])
+	],
+	[
+		AC_PATH_PROG([BASERUBY], [ruby], [false])
+	])
+AS_IF([test "$HAVE_BASERUBY" != no -a "`RUBYOPT=- $BASERUBY --disable=gems -e 'print 42 if RUBY_VERSION > "2.2"' 2>/dev/null`" = 42], [
+    BASERUBY="$BASERUBY --disable=gems"
+    BASERUBY_VERSION=`$BASERUBY -v`
+    $BASERUBY -C "$srcdir" tool/downloader.rb -d tool -e gnu config.guess config.sub >&AS_MESSAGE_FD
+], [
+    BASERUBY="echo executable host ruby is required.  use --with-baseruby option.; false"
+    HAVE_BASERUBY=no
+])
+AC_SUBST(BASERUBY)
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_BASERUBY)
+
+: ${GIT=git}
+HAVE_GIT=yes
+AC_ARG_WITH(git,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--without-git], [never use git]),
+	[AS_CASE([$withval],
+	    [no],  [GIT=never-use HAVE_GIT=no],
+	    [yes], [],
+	    [GIT=$withval])])
+AS_IF([test x"$HAVE_GIT" = xyes], [command -v "$GIT" > /dev/null || HAVE_GIT=no])
+AC_SUBST(GIT)
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_GIT)
+
+eval `sed -n -e ['s/^@%:@define RUBY_[A-Z_]*VERSION_\([A-Z][A-Z][A-Z_0-9]*\) \([0-9][0-9]*\)$/\1=\2/p'] \
+      -e ['s/^@%:@define \(RUBY_PATCHLEVEL\) \(.*\)/\1=\2/p'] \
+     $srcdir/include/ruby/version.h $srcdir/version.h`
+for v in MAJOR MINOR TEENY; do
+    AS_IF([eval "test \"\$$v\" = ''"], [
+	AC_MSG_ERROR(could not determine $v number from version.h)
+    ])
+done
+AC_SUBST(MAJOR)
+AC_SUBST(MINOR)
+AC_SUBST(TEENY)
+AC_SUBST(RUBY_API_VERSION, '$(MAJOR).$(MINOR)')
+AC_SUBST(RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION, '$(MAJOR).$(MINOR).$(TEENY)')
+
+AS_IF([test "$program_prefix" = NONE], [
+  program_prefix=
+])
+AS_IF([test "$prefix" -ef .], [
+  AC_MSG_ERROR(--prefix cannot be the current working directory.)
+])
+RUBY_BASE_NAME=`echo ruby | sed "$program_transform_name"`
+RUBYW_BASE_NAME=`echo rubyw | sed "$program_transform_name"`
+AC_SUBST(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
+AC_SUBST(RUBYW_BASE_NAME)
+AC_SUBST(RUBY_VERSION_NAME, '${RUBY_BASE_NAME}-${ruby_version}')
+
+dnl checks for alternative programs
+AC_CANONICAL_BUILD
+AC_CANONICAL_HOST
+AC_CANONICAL_TARGET
+AC_ARG_PROGRAM
+RUBY_RM_RECURSIVE
+AC_ARG_WITH(gcc,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--without-gcc], [never use gcc]),
+	[
+	AS_CASE([$withval],
+	    [no],  [: ${CC=cc}],
+	    [yes], [: ${CC=gcc}],
+	           [CC=$withval])])
+dnl If the user switches compilers, we can't believe the cache
+AS_IF([test ! -z "$ac_cv_prog_CC" -a ! -z "$CC" -a "$CC" != "$ac_cv_prog_CC"], [
+  AC_MSG_ERROR(cached CC is different -- throw away $cache_file
+(it is also a good idea to do 'make clean' before compiling))
+])
+AS_CASE(["${build_os}"], [linux*|cygwin*], [
+    AC_CHECK_TOOLS([CC], [gcc clang cc])
+], [
+    # OpenBSD wants to prefer cc over gcc.
+    # See https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/2443
+    AC_CHECK_TOOLS([CC], [cl.exe clang cc gcc c99 /usr/ucb/cc])
+])
+
+AC_ARG_VAR([AR],       [Archiver command])
+AC_ARG_VAR([AS],       [Assembler command])
+AC_ARG_VAR([CC],       [C compiler command])
+AC_ARG_VAR([CXX],      [C++ compiler command])
+AC_ARG_VAR([LD],       [Linker command])
+AC_ARG_VAR([NM],       [Symbol list command])
+AC_ARG_VAR([OBJCOPY],  [Objcopy command])
+AC_ARG_VAR([OBJDUMP],  [Objdump command])
+AC_ARG_VAR([RANLIB],   [Ranlib command])
+AC_ARG_VAR([STRIP],    [Strip command])
+
+# We don't want to bother things like `ccache gcc`, `clang -shared-libgcc`, ...
+set rb_dummy ${CC}
+rb_CC=$2
+AS_CASE(["/${rb_CC} "],
+[*@<:@\ /@:>@"cc "*], [
+    # Don't try g++/clang++ when CC=cc
+    AC_CHECK_TOOLS([CXX],    [cl.exe CC c++])
+],
+[*icc*],              [
+    # Intel C++ has interprocedural optimizations.  It tends to come with its
+    # own linker etc.
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([AR],      [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/icc/xiar/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([CXX],     [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/icc/icpc/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([LD],      [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/icc/xild/`])
+],
+[*gcc*],              [
+    # Dito for GCC.
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([LD],      [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/gcc/ld/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([AR],      [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/gcc/gcc-ar/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([CXX],     [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/gcc/g++/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([NM],      [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/gcc/gcc-nm/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([RANLIB],  [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/gcc/gcc-ranlib/`])
+],
+[*clang*],            [
+    # Dito for LLVM.  Note however that llvm-as is a LLVM-IR to LLVM bitcode
+    # assembler that does not target your machine native binary.
+    : ${LD:="${CC}"}         # ... try -fuse-ld=lld ?
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([AR],      [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/clang/llvm-ar/`])
+#   AC_CHECK_TOOL([AS],      [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/clang/llvm-as/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([CXX],     [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/clang/clang++/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([NM],      [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/clang/llvm-nm/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([OBJCOPY], [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/clang/llvm-objcopy/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([OBJDUMP], [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/clang/llvm-objdump/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([RANLIB],  [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/clang/llvm-ranlib/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([STRIP],   [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/clang/llvm-strip/`])
+])
+AS_UNSET(rb_CC)
+AS_UNSET(rb_dummy)
+
+AS_CASE(["${build_os}"],
+[solaris*], [
+    AC_PATH_TOOL([LD], [ld], [/usr/ccs/bin/ld], [/usr/ccs/bin:$PATH])
+],
+[aix*], [
+    AC_PATH_TOOL([NM], [nm], [/usr/ccs/bin/nm], [/usr/ccs/bin:$PATH])
+])
+AS_CASE(["${target_os}"],
+[cygwin*|mingw*], [
+    ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_OBJCOPY=":"
+])
+
+rb_test_CFLAGS=${CFLAGS+yes}
+rb_test_CXXFLAGS=${CXXFLAGS+yes}
+
+# BSD's ports and MacPorts prefix GNU binutils with 'g'
+
+dnl Seems necessarily in order to add -std=gnu99 option for gcc 4.9.
+m4_version_prereq([2.70], [], [AC_PROG_CC_C99])
+
+AC_PROG_CXX
+AC_PROG_CPP
+AC_PROG_RANLIB
+AC_CHECK_TOOLS([AR],      [gar ar])
+AC_CHECK_TOOLS([AS],      [gas as])
+AC_CHECK_TOOLS([LD],      [gld ld]) # ... try gold ?
+AC_CHECK_TOOLS([NM],      [gnm nm])
+AC_CHECK_TOOLS([OBJCOPY], [gobjcopy objcopy])
+AC_CHECK_TOOLS([OBJDUMP], [gobjdump objdump])
+AC_CHECK_TOOLS([STRIP],   [gstrip strip], [:])
+
+AS_IF([test ! $rb_test_CFLAGS], [AS_UNSET(CFLAGS)]); AS_UNSET(rb_test_CFLAGS)
+AS_IF([test ! $rb_test_CXXFLAGS], [AS_UNSET(CXXFLAGS)]); AS_UNSET(rb_save_CXXFLAGS)
+
+AS_IF([test "${CXX}" = "g++" -a -z "${GXX}"], [
+    # AC_PROG_CXX sets $CXX to "g++" when it purposefully finds that there is
+    # _no_ g++.  This brain-damaged design must be worked around.  Thankfully,
+    # similar thing doesn't happen for AC_PROG_CC.
+    rb_there_is_in_fact_no_gplusplus_but_autoconf_is_cheating_us=true
+])
+
+test x"$target_alias" = x &&
+target_os=`echo $target_os | sed 's/linux-gnu$/linux/;s/linux-gnu/linux-/'`
+ac_install_sh='' # unusable for extension libraries.
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(os-version-style,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-os-version-style=TYPE],
+		       [OS version number for target and target_os [[full]]]
+		       [(full|teeny|minor+0|minor|major+0|major|none)]),
+	[os_version_style=$withval],
+	[os_version_style=full
+	    AS_CASE($target_os, [[*[0-9].*]],
+		[AS_CASE([`/usr/bin/ruby -e 'puts RUBY_PLATFORM' 2>/dev/null`],
+		    [[*-*[0-9].*.0]], [os_version_style=minor+0],
+		    [[*-*[0-9].*.*]], [os_version_style=full],
+		    [[*-*[0-9].0]  ], [os_version_style=major+0],
+		    [[*-*[0-9].*]  ], [os_version_style=minor],
+		    [[*-*[0-9]]    ], [os_version_style=major],
+		)])
+	])
+os_version_style_transform=
+AS_CASE("${os_version_style}",
+	[full|teeny], [],
+	[minor+0], [os_version_style_transform=['s/\([0-9]\.[0-9][0-9]*\)\.[0-9][.0-9]*$/\1.0/']],
+	[minor],   [os_version_style_transform=['s/\([0-9]\.[0-9][0-9]*\)\.[0-9][.0-9]*$/\1/']],
+	[major+0], [os_version_style_transform=['s/\([0-9]\)\.[0-9][.0-9]*$/\1.0/']],
+	[major],   [os_version_style_transform=['s/\([0-9]\)\.[0-9][.0-9]*$/\1/']],
+	[none],    [os_version_style_transform=['s/[0-9]*\.[0-9][.0-9]*$//']],
+	[AC_MSG_ERROR(unknown --with-os-version-style: $withval)])
+AS_IF([test -z "$target_alias" -a -n "$os_version_style_transform"],
+	[
+	target=`echo ${target} | sed "$os_version_style_transform"`
+	target_os=`echo ${target_os} | sed "$os_version_style_transform"`
+	])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(arch,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-arch=ARCHS],
+		       [build an Apple/NeXT Multi Architecture Binary (MAB);
+                          ARCHS is a comma-delimited list of architectures for
+                          which to build; if this option is disabled or omitted
+			  entirely, then the package will be built only for the
+			  target platform]),
+       [target_archs="$withval"], [unset target_archs])
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(load-relative,
+       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-load-relative], [resolve load paths at run time]),
+       [load_relative=$enableval])
+
+# checks for UNIX variants that set C preprocessor variables
+AC_USE_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS
+
+dnl Checks for programs.
+
+cflagspat=
+test -z "$optflags" ||
+    cflagspat="$cflagspat;s|"`eval echo '"'"${optflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^ */ /;s/ *$/ /'`'| |g'
+test -z "$debugflags" ||
+    cflagspat="$cflagspat;s|"`eval echo '"'"${debugflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^ */ /;s/ *$/ /'`'| |g'
+test -z "$warnflags" ||
+    cflagspat="$cflagspat;s|"`eval echo '"'"${warnflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^ */ /;s/ *$/ /'`'| |g'
+AS_IF([test -z "${CFLAGS+set}"], [
+    cflags=`echo " $cflags " | sed "$cflagspat;s/^ *//;s/ *$//"`
+    orig_cflags="$cflags"
+    cflags="$cflags "'${optflags} ${debugflags} ${warnflags}'
+])
+dnl AS_IF([test -z "${CXXFLAGS+set}"], [
+dnl     cxxflags=`echo " $cxxflags " | sed "$cflagspat;s/^ *//;s/ *$//"`
+dnl     orig_cxxflags="$cxxflags"
+dnl     cxxflags="$cxxflags "'${optflags} ${debugflags} ${warnflags}'
+dnl ])
+
+AS_CASE(["$host_os:$build_os"],
+[darwin*:darwin*], [
+    # Following Apple deployed clang are broken
+    # clang version 1.0 (http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/tags/Apple/clang-23 exported)
+    # Apple clang version 2.0 (tags/Apple/clang-137) (based on LLVM 2.9svn)
+    # Apple clang version 2.1 (tags/Apple/clang-163.7.1) (based on LLVM 3.0svn)
+    AC_PREPROC_IFELSE(
+	[AC_LANG_PROGRAM([
+	    @%:@if defined __APPLE_CC__ && defined __clang_major__ && __clang_major__ < 3
+	    @%:@error premature clang
+	    @%:@endif
+	])],
+	[],
+	[AC_MSG_ERROR([clang version 3.0 or later is required])])
+])
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+[darwin*], [
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING(if minimum required OS X version is supported)
+    AC_PREPROC_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[@%:@include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
+	@%:@if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < __MAC_10_5
+	@%:@error pre OS X 10.5
+	[!<===== pre OS X 10.5 =====>]
+	@%:@endif
+	]])],
+	[macosx_min_required=yes],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT(no)
+	AC_MSG_ERROR([Unsupported OS X version is required])])
+    AC_MSG_RESULT(${macosx_min_required})
+])
+
+RUBY_MINGW32
+AC_SUBST(GCC)
+AC_SUBST(LD)
+AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+    linker_flag=-Wl,
+    : ${optflags=-O3}
+    gcc_major=`echo =__GNUC__ | $CC -E -xc - | sed '/^=/!d;s///'`
+    gcc_minor=`echo =__GNUC_MINOR__ | $CC -E -xc - | sed '/^=/!d;s///'`
+    test -n "$gcc_major" || gcc_major=0
+    test -n "$gcc_minor" || gcc_minor=0
+    icc_version=`echo =__ICC | $CC -E -xc - | sed '/^=/!d;s///;/^__ICC/d'`
+    test -n "$icc_version" || icc_version=0
+    # RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(XCFLAGS, ["-include ruby/config.h" "-include ruby/missing.h"])
+], [
+    linker_flag=
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes -a "$gcc_major" -lt 3 ], [
+    AC_MSG_ERROR([too old GCC])
+])
+
+RUBY_PROG_GNU_LD
+RUBY_CPPOUTFILE
+
+: ${OUTFLAG='-o '}
+: ${COUTFLAG=${OUTFLAG}}
+: ${CSRCFLAG=''}
+AC_SUBST(OUTFLAG)
+AC_SUBST(COUTFLAG)
+AC_SUBST(CSRCFLAG)
+
+: ${MJIT_CC=$CC}
+AS_IF([test "x$cross_compiling" = xno], [
+    AC_PATH_PROG([MJIT_CC], ${MJIT_CC})
+
+    # if $CC is in /usr/lib/ccache/$CC, search original $CC (disable ccache)
+    AS_IF([echo $RUBY_DEBUG | grep ci > /dev/null &&
+           echo $MJIT_CC | grep ^/usr/lib/ccache > /dev/null], [
+           PATH=`echo $PATH | sed "s/\/usr\/lib\/ccache://"` MJIT_CC=`which $CC`])
+
+    AS_CASE([$target_os],
+	[*mingw*], [command -v cygpath > /dev/null && MJIT_CC=`cygpath -ma $MJIT_CC`])
+    shift 2
+    MJIT_CC="$MJIT_CC${1+ }$*"
+])
+
+AS_CASE(["$build_os"],
+  [darwin1*.*], [
+    # Xcode linker warns for deprecated architecture and wrongly
+    # installed TBD files.
+    CC_WRAPPER=""
+    echo 'int main(void) {return 0;}' > conftest.c
+    AS_IF([$CC -framework Foundation -o conftest conftest.c 2>&1 |
+	   grep '^ld: warning: text-based stub file' >/dev/null], [
+	CC_WRAPPER=`cd -P "${tooldir}" && pwd`/darwin-cc
+	CC="$CC_WRAPPER $CC"
+    ])
+    rm -fr conftest*
+  ])
+
+cc_version=
+for option in --version -v -V -qversion; do
+    cc_version_message=`$CC $option 2>&1`
+    cc_version_status=$?
+    AS_CASE($cc_version_status, [0], [:], [continue])
+    AS_CASE($cc_version_message, [*Warning*], [continue])
+    cc_version='$(CC) '$option
+    break
+done
+AC_SUBST(CC_VERSION, $cc_version)
+AC_SUBST(CC_VERSION_MESSAGE, $cc_version_message)
+
+: ${DLDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS"}
+
+RUBY_UNIVERSAL_ARCH
+AS_IF([test "$target_cpu" != "$host_cpu" -a "$GCC" = yes -a "$cross_compiling" = no -a "${universal_binary:-no}" = no], [
+    RUBY_DEFAULT_ARCH("$target_cpu")
+])
+host_os=$target_os
+host_vendor=$target_vendor
+host_cpu=$target_cpu
+host=$target
+host_alias=$target_alias
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([for $AR flags], [rb_cv_arflags], [
+    AS_IF([$AR rcD conftest.a > /dev/null 2>&1 && rm conftest.a],
+	[rb_cv_arflags=rcD], [rb_cv_arflags=rcu])
+])
+AC_SUBST(ARFLAGS, ["$rb_cv_arflags "])
+AC_SUBST(ASFLAGS)
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+[cygwin*|mingw*], [
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL(WINDRES, windres)
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL(DLLWRAP, dllwrap)
+    target=`echo $target | sed "s/^$target_cpu-/-/"`
+    target_alias=`echo $target_alias | sed "s/^$target_cpu-/-/"`
+    target_cpu=`echo $target_cpu | sed s/i.86/i386/`
+    AS_CASE(["$target"], [-*], [ target="$target_cpu${target}"])
+    AS_CASE(["$target_alias"], [-*], [ target_alias="$target_cpu${target_alias}"])
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [mingw*], [
+	test "$rb_cv_msvcrt" = "" && unset rb_cv_msvcrt
+	AC_CACHE_CHECK(for mingw32 runtime DLL, rb_cv_msvcrt, [
+	AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <stdio.h>]],
+		    [[FILE* volatile f = stdin; return 0;]])],
+		    [rb_cv_msvcrt=`$OBJDUMP -p conftest$ac_exeext |
+				   tr A-Z a-z |
+				   sed -n '/^[[ 	]]*dll name: \(msvc.*\)\.dll$/{s//\1/p;q;}'`],
+		    [rb_cv_msvcrt=msvcrt])
+	test "$rb_cv_msvcrt" = "" && rb_cv_msvcrt=msvcrt])
+	RT_VER=`echo "$rb_cv_msvcrt" | tr -cd [0-9]`
+	test "$RT_VER" = "" && RT_VER=60
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_MSVCRT_VERSION, $RT_VER)
+	sysconfdir=
+    ])
+    : ${enable_shared=yes}
+    ],
+[hiuxmpp*], [AC_DEFINE(__HIUX_MPP__)])    # by TOYODA Eizi <toyoda@npd.kishou.go.jp>
+
+AC_PROG_LN_S
+AC_PROG_MAKE_SET
+AC_PROG_INSTALL
+AC_PROG_MKDIR_P
+AS_IF([test "x$MKDIR_P" = "x -d"], [
+  AS_IF([test x"$as_mkdir_p" != xfalse], [
+    MKDIR_P='mkdir -p'
+    echo "use 'mkdir -p' as MKDIR_P"
+  ], [
+    AC_MSG_ERROR([mkdir -p is required])
+  ])
+])
+MAKEDIRS="$MKDIR_P"
+AC_SUBST(MAKEDIRS)
+
+AC_CHECK_PROG([DTRACE], [${ac_tool_prefix}dtrace], [${ac_tool_prefix}dtrace])
+AS_IF([test "$cross_compiling:$ac_cv_prog_DTRACE" = no: -a -n "$ac_tool_prefix"], [
+    AC_CHECK_PROG([DTRACE], [dtrace], [dtrace])
+])
+
+AC_CHECK_PROGS(DOT, dot)
+AC_CHECK_PROGS(DOXYGEN, doxygen)
+
+for prog in ${ac_tool_prefix:+${ac_tool_prefix}pkg-config} pkg-config; do
+    AC_CHECK_PROG(PKG_CONFIG, $prog, [$prog], [], [],
+        [`"$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" --print-errors --version > /dev/null 2>&1 || echo "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"`])
+    test -z "${PKG_CONFIG}" || break
+done
+
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether it is Android])
+AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+	@%:@ifdef __ANDROID__
+	@%:@error android
+	@%:@endif
+]], [[]])],
+[AC_MSG_RESULT(no)],
+[
+	AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)
+	target_os=${target_os}-android
+	AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Android API version])
+        # hacky workaround: https://github.com/termux/termux-packages/issues/6176
+        rb_android_api=`getprop ro.build.version.sdk`
+        AC_MSG_RESULT($rb_android_api)
+        RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CPPFLAGS, -D__ANDROID_API__=$rb_android_api -Wno-macro-redefined)
+])
+
+AC_SUBST(RM, ['rm -f'])
+AC_SUBST(CP, ['cp'])
+RMDIRS='$(top_srcdir)/tool/rmdirs'
+RMDIR=rmdir
+mkdir "rmdirs_$$_test" "rmdirs_$$_test/a"
+rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty "rmdirs_$$_test" 2>/dev/null &&
+RMDIR='rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty'
+$RMDIR -p "rmdirs_$$_test/a" 2>/dev/null &&
+{ test -d "rmdirs_$$_test" || RMDIRS="$RMDIR -p"; }
+rmdir "rmdirs_$$_test/a" "rmdirs_$$_test" 2>/dev/null
+AC_SUBST(RMDIR)
+AC_SUBST(RMDIRS)
+AC_SUBST(RMALL, ['rm -fr'])
+
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([for cd using physical directory])
+rm -fr conf$$.dir
+mkdir conf$$.dir &&
+(cd conf$$.dir && mkdir src build && cd src &&
+$as_ln_s ../build . > /dev/null 2>&1 && cd build &&
+for chdir in 'cd -P' 'PWD= cd'; do
+    /bin/sh -c "$chdir ../src && echo '$chdir' > cdcmd" 2> /dev/null && break
+done)
+AS_IF([test -f conf$$.dir/src/cdcmd], [
+    read CHDIR < conf$$.dir/src/cdcmd 2> /dev/null
+], [
+    CHDIR=cd
+])
+rm -fr conf$$.dir
+AC_MSG_RESULT([$CHDIR])
+AC_SUBST(CHDIR)
+}
+
+: "compiler section" && {
+RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether CFLAGS is valid])
+    AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]], [[]])],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)],
+	[
+	AC_MSG_RESULT(no)
+	AC_MSG_ERROR([something wrong with CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"])
+	]
+    )
+
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether LDFLAGS is valid])
+    {
+	mkdir tmp.$$.try_link &&
+	cd tmp.$$.try_link &&
+	cp ../confdefs.h . &&
+	echo '<?xml?><plist><dict><key>CFBundleIdentifier</key><string></string></dict></plist>' > Info.plist &&
+	:
+    } || AC_MSG_ERROR([failed to make temporary directory])
+    AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]], [[]])],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)],
+	[
+	cd .. && rm -fr tmp.$$.try_link
+	AC_MSG_RESULT(no)
+	AC_MSG_ERROR([something wrong with LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS"])
+	]
+    )
+    cd .. && rm -fr tmp.$$.try_link
+])
+
+: ${RPATHFLAG=''}
+rpathflag=''
+AS_IF([test x"${RPATHFLAG}" = x], [
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+	[hpux*], [AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld" = no], [rpathflag='+b '])],
+	[aix*], [rpathflag='-blibpath:'],
+	[for rpathflag in -R "-rpath "; do
+	    AS_CASE("$rpathflag",
+		    [*" "], [AS_CASE(["${linker_flag}"],
+				     [*,], [rpathflag=`echo "$rpathflag" | tr ' ' ,`])])
+	    rpathflag="${linker_flag}${rpathflag}"
+	    RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([${rpathflag}.], [], [rpathflag=])
+	    AS_IF([test "x${rpathflag}" != x], [])
+        done])
+], [
+    rpathflag=`echo "$RPATHFLAG" | sed 's/%.*//'`
+])
+
+RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-fdeclspec, [
+  RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CC, -fdeclspec)
+  RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(MJIT_CC, -fdeclspec)
+])
+RUBY_TRY_CXXFLAGS(-fdeclspec, [RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CXX, -fdeclspec)])
+
+AS_CASE([$RUBY_PATCHLEVEL], [-*],
+	[RUBY_DEVEL=yes], [RUBY_DEVEL=no])
+particular_werror_flags=$RUBY_DEVEL
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(werror,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-werror],
+		       [don't make warnings into errors
+		       even if a compiler support -Werror feature
+		       [[disabled by default unless development version]]]),
+	[particular_werror_flags=$enableval])
+
+rb_cv_warnflags="$warnflags"
+AS_CASE(["$GCC:${warnflags+set}:${extra_warnflags:+set}:"],
+[yes::*|yes:*:set:], [# GCC && (!warnflags || extra_warnflags)
+    AS_IF([test $gcc_major -ge 4], [
+	extra_warnflags="$extra_warnflags -Werror=extra-tokens"
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test $gcc_major -ge 5 -a $gcc_major -le 6], [
+	extra_warnflags="$extra_warnflags -Wno-maybe-uninitialized"
+    ])
+    # ICC doesn't support -Werror=
+    AS_IF([test $icc_version -gt 0], [
+	particular_werror_flags=no
+    ])
+    for wflag in \
+		 -Werror=deprecated-declarations \
+		 -Werror=division-by-zero \
+		 -Werror=duplicated-cond \
+		 -Werror=implicit-function-declaration \
+		 -Werror=implicit-int \
+		 -Werror=misleading-indentation \
+		 -Werror=pointer-arith \
+		 -Werror=shorten-64-to-32 \
+		 -Werror=write-strings \
+		 -Wimplicit-fallthrough=0 \
+		 -Wmissing-noreturn \
+		 -Wno-cast-function-type \
+		 -Wno-constant-logical-operand \
+		 -Wno-long-long \
+		 -Wno-missing-field-initializers \
+		 -Wno-overlength-strings \
+		 -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat \
+		 -Wno-parentheses-equality \
+		 -Wno-self-assign \
+		 -Wno-tautological-compare \
+		 -Wno-unused-parameter \
+		 -Wno-unused-value \
+		 -Wsuggest-attribute=format \
+		 -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn \
+		 -Wunused-variable \
+		 -diag-disable=175,188,1684,2259,2312 \
+		 $extra_warnflags \
+		 ; do
+	AS_IF([test "$particular_werror_flags" != yes], [
+	    wflag=`echo x$wflag | sed 's/^x-Werror=/-W/;s/^x//'`
+	])
+	ok=no
+	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS($wflag, [
+	    RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(warnflags, $wflag)
+	    ok=yes
+	])
+	AS_CASE([$ok:$wflag], [no:-Werror=*], [
+	    wflag=`echo x$wflag | sed 's/^x-Werror=/-W/'`
+	    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS($wflag, [
+		RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(warnflags, $wflag)
+		particular_werror_flags=no
+	    ])
+	])
+    done
+    AS_CASE([" $warnflags "],[*" -Wno-missing-field-initializers "*], [wflag="-Wall -Wextra"],
+                             [wflag=-Wall])
+    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS($wflag, [warnflags="$wflag${warnflags+ $warnflags}"])
+    # Disable warnflags while conftest. -Werror=* flags might make bad OS capability guess.
+    rb_cv_warnflags="$warnflags"
+    warnflags=
+])
+RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-Qunused-arguments, [RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(rb_cv_wsuppress_flags, -Qunused-arguments)])
+AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([
+    AC_LANG_PROGRAM([
+@%:@if !(defined(__SUNPRO_C)||defined(__SUNPRO_CC))
+@%:@error not sunpro
+@%:@endif],[])], [
+    for e in \
+        E_STATEMENT_NOT_REACHED \
+        E_INIT_SIGN_EXTEND \
+        E_INIT_DOES_NOT_FIT \
+        E_INITIALIZATION_TYPE_MISMATCH
+    do
+        RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS([-erroff=${e}], [
+            RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(rb_cv_warnflags, [-erroff=${e}])
+        ])
+    done
+])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(compress-debug-sections,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-compress-debug-sections=type],
+	    [enable debug section compression]),
+	[compress_debug_sections=$withval], [compress_debug_sections=])
+
+AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+    # -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE
+    # When defined _FORTIFY_SOURCE, glibc enables some additional sanity
+    # argument check. The performance drop is very little and Ubuntu enables
+    # _FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 by default. So, let's support it for protecting us from
+    # a mistake of silly C extensions.
+
+    # TODO: check if link succeeds with _FORTIFY_SOURCE=2.
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [mingw*], [
+	fortify_source=no
+    ])
+    AC_ARG_ENABLE(fortify_source,
+		  AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-fortify-source],
+				 [disable -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 option, which causes link error on mingw]),
+		  [fortify_source=$enableval])
+    AS_IF([test "x$fortify_source" != xno], [
+        RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS([$optflags -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2], [RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2)], [],
+                        [@%:@include <stdio.h>])
+    ])
+
+    : ${MJIT_HEADER_FLAGS='-P -dD'}
+
+    # -fstack-protector
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [mingw*|haiku*], [
+	stack_protector=no
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test -z "${stack_protector+set}"], [
+	AS_FOR(option, opt, [-fstack-protector-strong -fstack-protector], [
+	    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(option, [stack_protector=yes])
+	    AS_IF([test "x$stack_protector" = xyes], [
+		RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS(option, [], [stack_protector=])
+	    ])
+	    AS_IF([test "x$stack_protector" = xyes], [stack_protector=option; break])
+	])
+    ])
+    AS_CASE(["$stack_protector"], [-*], [
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, $stack_protector)
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XLDFLAGS, $stack_protector)
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(LDFLAGS, $stack_protector)
+    ])
+
+    AS_CASE("${compress_debug_sections:-zlib}",
+    [none|no], [], [
+    RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS(${linker_flag}--compress-debug-sections=${compress_debug_sections:-zlib},
+		     [compress_debug_sections=${compress_debug_sections:-zlib}],
+		     [compress_debug_sections=no])
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test "x$compress_debug_sections" != xno], [
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(DLDFLAGS, ${linker_flag}--compress-debug-sections=$compress_debug_sections)
+    ])
+
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[mingw*], [
+      # On  Windows  platforms,   system  provided  headers  are  VC++
+      # optimized.  That  is, C++  habits are often  contaminated into
+      # various  headers.  Most frequent  situation is  the use  of //
+      # comments.   We  bypass  ANSI   C  mode  for  them.   Otherwise
+      # extension libs cannot include those headers.
+
+      # Since math.h in some mingw64 wrongly declares frexp and modf
+      # to be pure, the variables pointed by the second arguments are
+      # considered uninitialized unexpectedly.
+      AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether frexp and modf are broken],
+	rb_cv_mingw64_broken_frexp_modf,
+	[
+	  save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
+	  AS_IF([test "$particular_werror_flags" = "yes"], [
+	    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror=uninitialized"
+	  ], [
+	    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror -Wuninitialized"
+	  ])
+	  AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <math.h>
+	    int foo(double x)
+	    {
+	      int exp;
+	      frexp(x, &exp);
+	      return exp;
+	    }]], [[if (foo(0.0)) return 1;]])],
+	    [rb_cv_mingw64_broken_frexp_modf=no],
+	    [rb_cv_mingw64_broken_frexp_modf=yes])
+	  CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS"
+	])
+      AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_mingw64_broken_frexp_modf" = yes], [
+	AC_DEFINE(RUBY_MINGW64_BROKEN_FREXP_MODF)
+      ])
+    ],
+    [cygwin*|darwin*|netbsd*], [
+      # need lgamma_r(), finite()
+    ])
+
+    # ANSI (no XCFLAGS because this is C only)
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [solaris*], [
+      # Because "-std=gnu99" affects existence of functions on Solaris,
+      # "-std=gnu99" will be appended to CPPFLAGS.
+	for ansi_options in -std=gnu99; do
+	    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(${ansi_options}, [
+		RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CPPFLAGS, ${ansi_options})
+	    ], [ansi_options=])
+	    test "x${ansi_options}" = x || break
+	done
+    ],
+    [
+      # ANSI (no XCFLAGS because this is C only)
+      rb_tmp_std_check=`echo $CC $CFLAGS $optflags $warnflags $debugflags | fgrep std= | tr -d  '\015'`
+      AS_IF([test "x$rb_tmp_std_check" = "x"],
+      [
+	for ansi_options in -std=gnu99; do
+	    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(${ansi_options}, [
+		RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(warnflags, ${ansi_options})
+		RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(strict_warnflags, ${ansi_options})
+	    ], [ansi_options=])
+	    test "x${ansi_options}" = x || break
+	done
+      ])
+    ])
+
+    # suppress annoying -Wstrict-overflow warnings
+    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-fno-strict-overflow, [RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -fno-strict-overflow)])
+
+    test "${debugflags+set}" || {RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-ggdb3, [debugflags=-ggdb3])}
+    test "${debugflags+set}" || {RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-ggdb, [debugflags=-ggdb])}
+    test "${debugflags+set}" || {RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-g3, [debugflags=-g3])}
+])
+test $ac_cv_prog_cc_g = yes && : ${debugflags=-g}
+AS_IF([test "x$RUBY_DEVEL" = xyes], [RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -DRUBY_DEVEL=1)])
+
+AS_IF([test "$GCC" = ""], [
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[aix*],[warnflags="$warnflags -qinfo=por" rb_cv_warnflags="$rb_cv_warnflags -qinfo=por"])
+])
+AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+    AS_IF([test "$gcc_major" -ge 4], [
+	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-fvisibility=hidden, [visibility_option=yes], [visibility_option=no])
+    ])
+    AC_SUBST(WERRORFLAG, "-Werror")
+    AS_IF([test "$visibility_option" = yes], [
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -fvisibility=hidden)
+	AC_DEFINE(RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN, [_Pragma("GCC visibility push(default)")])
+	AC_DEFINE(RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END,   [_Pragma("GCC visibility pop")])
+    ], [
+	RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([-Wl,-unexported_symbol,_Init_*], [visibility_option=ld], [visibility_option=no])
+    ])
+    test "$visibility_option" = no || OBJCOPY=:
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+    # optflags
+
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"], [mingw*], [
+	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-fno-omit-frame-pointer, [optflags="${optflags+$optflags }-fno-omit-frame-pointer"])
+	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-static-libgcc, [static_libgcc=yes], [static_libgcc=no])
+	AS_IF([test "$static_libgcc" = yes], [
+	    RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(EXTLDFLAGS, -static-libgcc)
+	])
+    ])
+
+    # disable fast-math
+    for oflag in -fno-fast-math; do
+	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS($oflag, [RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CFLAGS, $oflag)])
+    done
+    for oflag in -fexcess-precision=standard -fp-model\ precise; do
+	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS($oflag, [RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, $oflag)])
+    done
+])
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"], [[i[3-6]86*]], [
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for __sync_val_compare_and_swap], [rb_cv_gcc_compiler_cas], [
+	AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[unsigned long atomic_var;]],
+	    [[__sync_val_compare_and_swap(&atomic_var, 0, 1);]])],
+	    [rb_cv_gcc_compiler_cas=yes],
+	    [
+	    save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -march=i486"
+	    AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[unsigned long atomic_var;]],
+		[[__sync_val_compare_and_swap(&atomic_var, 0, 1);]])],
+		[rb_cv_gcc_compiler_cas=i486],
+		[rb_cv_gcc_compiler_cas=no])
+	    CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS"
+	    ])
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_gcc_compiler_cas" = i486], [ARCH_FLAG="-march=i486"])
+])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(opt-dir,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-opt-dir=DIR-LIST],
+		       [add optional headers and libraries directories separated by $PATH_SEPARATOR]),
+	[
+		val=`echo "$PATH_SEPARATOR$withval" | sed "s|$PATH_SEPARATOR\([[^$PATH_SEPARATOR]*]\)| -I\1/include|g;s/^ //"`
+		CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS $val"
+		val=`echo "$PATH_SEPARATOR$withval" | sed "s|$PATH_SEPARATOR\([[^$PATH_SEPARATOR]*]\)| -L\1/lib${rpathflag:+ $rpathflag\\\\1/lib}|g;s/^ //"`
+		LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $val"
+		LDFLAGS_OPTDIR="$val"
+		OPT_DIR="$withval"
+	], [OPT_DIR=])
+
+test -z "${ac_env_CFLAGS_set}" -a -n "${cflags+set}" && eval CFLAGS="\"$cflags $ARCH_FLAG\""
+test -z "${ac_env_CXXFLAGS_set}" -a -n "${cxxflags+set}" && eval CXXFLAGS="\"$cxxflags $ARCH_FLAG\""
+}
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether compiler has statement and declarations in expressions],
+  rb_cv_have_stmt_and_decl_in_expr,
+  [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]],[[ __extension__ ({ int a = 0; a; }); ]])],
+  [rb_cv_have_stmt_and_decl_in_expr=yes],
+  [rb_cv_have_stmt_and_decl_in_expr=no])])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_have_stmt_and_decl_in_expr" = yes], [
+  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_STMT_AND_DECL_IN_EXPR)
+])
+
+: "header and library section" && {
+AC_ARG_WITH(winnt-ver,
+  AS_HELP_STRING([--with-winnt-ver=0xXXXX], [target Windows NT version (default to 0x0600)]),
+  [with_winnt_ver="$withval"], [with_winnt_ver="0x0600"])
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+[mingw*], [
+  RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CPPFLAGS, -D_WIN32_WINNT=$with_winnt_ver)
+  RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CPPFLAGS, -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT)
+])
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+[freebsd*], [
+  AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether pthread should be enabled by default],
+    rb_cv_enable_pthread_default,
+    [AC_PREPROC_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <osreldate.h>
+#if __FreeBSD_version < 502102
+#error pthread should be disabled on this platform
+#endif
+      ]])],
+      rb_cv_enable_pthread_default=yes,
+      rb_cv_enable_pthread_default=no)])
+  enable_pthread=$rb_cv_enable_pthread_default
+  ],
+[mingw*], [
+  enable_pthread=no
+  ],
+[
+  enable_pthread=yes
+  ])
+
+dnl Checks for libraries.
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[*bsd*|dragonfly*],[],[ac_cv_func_daemon=no])
+
+AS_UNSET(ORIG_LIBS)
+POSTLINK=:
+AC_SUBST(POSTLINK)
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+[nextstep*], [	],
+[openstep*], [	],
+[rhapsody*], [	],
+[darwin*], [
+		ORIG_LIBS="$LIBS"
+		RUBY_PREPEND_OPTION(LIBS, -lobjc)
+		RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CPPFLAGS, -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT)
+		AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether syscall(2) is deprecated], rb_cv_syscall_deprecated,
+		    [RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
+			AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <unistd.h>]],
+							   [[if (syscall(0)) return 1;]])],
+			    [rb_cv_syscall_deprecated=no],
+			    [rb_cv_syscall_deprecated=yes])])])
+		AS_IF([test $rb_cv_syscall_deprecated = yes], [
+		    ac_cv_func___syscall=no
+		    ac_cv_func_syscall=no
+		    ac_cv_header_sys_syscall_h=no
+		    ac_cv_header_syscall_h=no
+		])
+		ac_cv_func_getcontext=no
+		ac_cv_func_setcontext=no
+		incs=`$CC -v -E -xc - < /dev/null 2>&1 | sed ['1,/^@%:@include </d;s/^ *//;s|[^./][^/]*/\.\./||g;/\/include$/!d;s||/lib|;/\/usr\/lib/d']`
+		for d in `$CC -print-search-dirs | sed -e '/^libraries: */!d;s///' | tr : '\012' | fgrep -v /../ | sed -n 's|^\(/.*/lib\)/$|\1|p'`; do
+		    incs=`echo "$incs" | fgrep -v "$d"`
+		done
+		for d in $incs; do
+		    test -d "$d" && RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(LDFLAGS, "-L$d")
+		done
+		ac_cv_type_getgroups=gid_t # getgroups() on Rosetta fills garbage
+		ac_cv_lib_crypt_crypt=no
+		ac_cv_func_fdatasync=no # Mac OS X wrongly reports it has fdatasync()
+		ac_cv_func_vfork=no
+		AS_IF([test $gcc_major -lt 4 -o \( $gcc_major -eq 4 -a $gcc_minor -lt 3 \)], [
+		    ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp=no
+		])
+		with_setjmp_type=sigsetjmp # to hijack SIGCHLD handler
+		AC_CACHE_CHECK(for broken crypt with 8bit chars, rb_cv_broken_crypt,
+		    [AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+void
+broken_crypt(const char *salt, const char *buf1, const char *buf2)
+{
+#if 0
+    printf("%.2x%.2x: %s -> %s\n", (unsigned char)salt[0], (unsigned char)salt[1],
+	   buf1+2, buf2+2);
+#endif
+}
+
+int
+main()
+{
+    int i;
+    char salt[2], buf[256], *s;
+    for (i = 0; i < 128*128; i++) {
+	salt[0] = 0x80 | (i & 0x7f);
+	salt[1] = 0x80 | (i >> 7);
+	strcpy(buf, crypt("", salt));
+	if (strcmp(buf, s = crypt("", salt))) {
+	    broken_crypt(salt, buf, s);
+	    return 1;
+	}
+    }
+    salt[0] = salt[1] = ' ';
+    strcpy(buf, crypt("", salt));
+    salt[0] = salt[1] = 0x80 | ' ';
+    if (strcmp(buf, s = crypt("", salt))) {
+	broken_crypt(salt, buf, s);
+	return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+]])],
+		    rb_cv_broken_crypt=no,
+		    rb_cv_broken_crypt=yes,
+		    rb_cv_broken_crypt=yes)])
+		AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_broken_crypt" = yes], [
+		   AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_CRYPT, 1)
+		])
+		POSTLINK=""
+		AC_CHECK_PROGS(codesign, codesign)
+		AC_CHECK_PROGS(dsymutil, dsymutil)
+		AS_IF([test -n "$codesign"], [
+		    POSTLINK="{ test -z '\$(RUBY_CODESIGN)' || $codesign -s '\$(RUBY_CODESIGN)' -f \$@; }${POSTLINK:+; $POSTLINK}"
+		])
+		AS_IF([test -n "$dsymutil"], [
+		    POSTLINK="$dsymutil \$@${POSTLINK:+; $POSTLINK}"
+		])
+		AS_IF([test -n "${POSTLINK}"], [
+		    LINK_SO="$LINK_SO
+\$(POSTLINK)"
+		])
+		AC_CHECK_HEADERS(crt_externs.h, [], [], [
+		    #include <crt_externs.h>
+		])
+		],
+[hpux*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
+		ac_cv_c_inline=no],
+[solaris*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
+		ac_cv_func_vfork=no
+		AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether _XOPEN_SOURCE is already given)
+		AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[#include <unistd.h>
+			#ifndef _XOPEN_SOURCE
+			#error _XOPEN_SOURCE is not defined
+			#endif
+			]], [[]])],
+		        [given_xopen_source=yes], [given_xopen_source=no])
+		AC_MSG_RESULT($given_xopen_source)
+		AS_IF([test $given_xopen_source = no], [
+		  AC_MSG_CHECKING(appropriate _XOPEN_SOURCE value to define)
+		  define_xopen_source=""
+		  for tmp_xpg in 7 6 5; do
+		    AS_IF([test x"$define_xopen_source" != x], [
+		      break
+		    ])
+		    RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+			#define _XOPEN_SOURCE ${tmp_xpg}00
+			#include <unistd.h>
+			#ifndef _XPG${tmp_xpg}
+			#error _XPG${tmp_xpg} should be defined by _XOPEN_SOURCE=${tmp_xpg}00
+			#endif
+			]], [[]])],
+			[define_xopen_source=${tmp_xpg}00], [])
+			])
+		  done
+		  AS_IF([test x"$define_xopen_source" = x], [
+		    define_xopen_source=no
+		  ])
+		  AC_MSG_RESULT($define_xopen_source)
+		  AS_IF([test x"$define_xopen_source" != xno], [
+		    RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CPPFLAGS, -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=$define_xopen_source)
+		    # _XOPEN_SOURCE should not be defined for C++ on Solaris.
+		    RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CXXFLAGS, -U_XOPEN_SOURCE)
+		  ])
+		])
+		],
+[haiku*], [
+		LIBS="$LIBS" # m lib is include in root
+		],
+[cygwin*], [	ac_cv_header_langinfo_h=yes
+		RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CPPFLAGS, -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_GNU_SOURCE)
+		AC_CHECK_FUNCS(cygwin_conv_path)
+		AC_LIBOBJ([langinfo])
+		],
+[mingw*], [	LIBS="-lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi $LIBS"
+		ac_cv_header_a_out_h=no
+		ac_cv_header_pwd_h=no
+		ac_cv_header_utime_h=no
+		ac_cv_header_sys_ioctl_h=no
+		ac_cv_header_sys_param_h=no
+		ac_cv_header_sys_resource_h=no
+		ac_cv_header_sys_select_h=no
+		ac_cv_header_sys_time_h=no
+		ac_cv_header_sys_times_h=no
+		ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=no
+		ac_cv_func_lstat=yes
+		ac_cv_func_times=yes
+		ac_cv_func_waitpid=yes
+		ac_cv_func_fsync=yes
+		ac_cv_func_seekdir=yes
+		ac_cv_func_telldir=yes
+		ac_cv_func_lchown=yes
+		ac_cv_func_link=yes
+		ac_cv_func_readlink=yes
+		ac_cv_func_symlink=yes
+		ac_cv_lib_crypt_crypt=no
+		ac_cv_func_getpgrp_void=no
+		ac_cv_func_memcmp_working=yes
+		ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen=no
+		rb_cv_binary_elf=no
+		rb_cv_negative_time_t=no
+		ac_cv_func_fcntl=yes
+		ac_cv_func_flock=yes
+		ac_cv_func_gmtime_r=yes
+		rb_cv_large_fd_select=yes
+		ac_cv_type_struct_timeval=yes
+                ac_cv_func_clock_gettime=yes
+                ac_cv_func_clock_getres=yes
+		ac_cv_func_malloc_usable_size=no
+		ac_cv_type_off_t=yes
+		ac_cv_sizeof_off_t=8
+		AS_IF([test "$target_cpu" = x64], [
+		    ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp=yes
+		    ac_cv_func_round=no
+		    rb_cv_coroutine=yes
+		])
+		ac_cv_func_tgamma=no
+		rb_cv_negative_time_t=yes
+		AC_CHECK_TYPE([NET_LUID], [], [],
+			      [@%:@include <winsock2.h>
+			      @%:@include <iphlpapi.h>])
+		AS_IF([test x"$ac_cv_type_NET_LUID" = xyes], [
+		    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_TYPE_NET_LUID, 1)
+		])
+		AC_CHECK_FUNCS(_gmtime64_s)
+		AC_CHECK_FUNCS(_wfreopen_s)
+		AC_LIBOBJ([langinfo])
+		],
+[bsdi*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
+		AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_SETREUID, 1)
+		AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_SETREGID, 1)
+                ac_cv_sizeof_rlim_t=8],
+[freebsd*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
+		ac_cv_func_getpeername=no
+		ac_cv_func_getsockname=no
+		ac_cv_func_shutdown=no
+		ac_cv_func_close=no
+		],
+[netbsd*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
+		],
+[dragonfly*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
+		],
+[aix*],[	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
+		ac_cv_func_round=no
+		ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp=no
+		],
+[linux*],[	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
+		# __builtin_longjmp in ppc64* Linux does not restore
+		# the TOC register (r2), which is problematic
+		# when a global exit happens from JITted .so code.
+		AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"], [powerpc64*], [
+			ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp=no
+		])
+		# With gcc-8's -fcf-protection, MJIT's __builtin_longjmp fails.
+		AS_CASE(["$CC $CFLAGS "], [*" -fcf-protection "*], [cf_protection=yes], [cf_protection=no])
+		AS_IF([test "$cf_protection" = yes], [
+			ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp=no
+		])
+		],
+[	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"])
+: ${ORIG_LIBS=$LIBS}
+
+AS_IF([test -n "${rb_there_is_in_fact_no_gplusplus_but_autoconf_is_cheating_us}"], [
+    AC_MSG_NOTICE([Test skipped due to lack of a C++ compiler.])
+],
+[test -n "${CXX}"], [
+    RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
+        AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether CXXFLAGS is valid])
+        AC_LANG_PUSH(C++)
+        AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <cstdio>]], [[]])],
+	    [AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)],[
+            AC_MSG_RESULT(no)
+            # The message mentions CXXFLAGS, but CPPFLAGS might also affects.
+            AC_MSG_WARN([something wrong with CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS"])
+            CXX=false
+        ])
+        AC_LANG_POP(C++)
+    ])
+])
+
+AC_CHECK_LIB(crypt, crypt)      # glibc (GNU/Linux, GNU/Hurd, GNU/kFreeBSD)
+AC_CHECK_LIB(dl, dlopen)	# Dynamic linking for SunOS/Solaris and SYSV
+AC_CHECK_LIB(dld, shl_load)	# Dynamic linking for HP-UX
+AC_CHECK_LIB(socket, shutdown)  # SunOS/Solaris
+
+dnl Checks for header files.
+AC_HEADER_DIRENT
+dnl AC_HEADER_STDC has been checked in AC_USE_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS
+AC_HEADER_STDBOOL
+AC_HEADER_SYS_WAIT
+
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(a.out.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(atomic.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(copyfile.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(direct.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(grp.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(fcntl.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(float.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(ieeefp.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(intrinsics.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(langinfo.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(limits.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(locale.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(malloc.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(malloc/malloc.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(malloc_np.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(net/socket.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(process.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(pwd.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sanitizer/asan_interface.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sanitizer/msan_interface.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(setjmpex.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(stdalign.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/attr.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/eventfd.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/fcntl.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/file.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/id.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/ioctl.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/mkdev.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/param.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/prctl.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/resource.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/select.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/sendfile.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/socket.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/syscall.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/sysmacros.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/time.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/times.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/uio.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/utime.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(syscall.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(time.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(ucontext.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(utime.h)
+AS_CASE("$target_cpu", [x64|x86_64|i[3-6]86*], [
+  AC_CHECK_HEADERS(x86intrin.h)
+])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH([gmp],
+  [AS_HELP_STRING([--without-gmp],
+    [disable GNU GMP to accelerate Bignum operations])],
+  [],
+  [with_gmp=yes])
+AS_IF([test "x$with_gmp" != xno],
+  [AC_CHECK_HEADERS(gmp.h)
+   AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_header_gmp_h" != xno],
+     AC_SEARCH_LIBS([__gmpz_init], [gmp],
+       [AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBGMP, 1)]))])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH([jemalloc],
+  [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-jemalloc],[use jemalloc allocator])],
+  [with_jemalloc=$withval], [with_jemalloc=no])
+AS_IF([test "x$with_jemalloc" != xno],[
+  AC_SEARCH_LIBS([malloc_conf], [jemalloc],
+    [
+      AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBJEMALLOC, 1)
+      with_jemalloc=yes
+    ],
+    [test x$with_jemalloc = xyes && with_jemalloc=no])
+  AC_CHECK_HEADER(jemalloc/jemalloc.h, [
+    AC_DEFINE(RUBY_ALTERNATIVE_MALLOC_HEADER, [<jemalloc/jemalloc.h>])
+  ],
+  [test x$with_jemalloc = xyes && with_jemalloc=no])
+  AS_IF([test "x$with_jemalloc" != xyes], [
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for jemalloc with JEMALLOC_MANGLE], rb_cv_jemalloc_demangle,
+      [AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([@%:@define JEMALLOC_MANGLE 1
+      @%:@ifdef RUBY_ALTERNATIVE_MALLOC_HEADER
+      @%:@include RUBY_ALTERNATIVE_MALLOC_HEADER
+      @%:@else
+      @%:@include <jemalloc.h>
+      @%:@endif], [return !&malloc_conf])],
+      [rb_cv_jemalloc_demangle=yes],
+      [rb_cv_jemalloc_demangle=no])
+    ])
+  ])
+  AS_IF([test "x$rb_cv_jemalloc_demangle" = xyes], [
+    AC_DEFINE(JEMALLOC_MANGLE)
+    with_jemalloc=yes
+  ])
+  AS_CASE(["$with_jemalloc"],
+    [yes],
+    [
+      AC_DEFINE(HAVE_MALLOC_CONF)
+      ac_cv_func_malloc_usable_size=yes
+    ],
+    [no],
+    [AC_MSG_ERROR([jemalloc requested but not found])
+  ])
+])
+
+dnl check for large file stuff
+mv confdefs.h confdefs1.h
+: > confdefs.h
+AC_SYS_LARGEFILE
+# On 32-bit Solaris, it is safe to define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE
+# which is not added by AC_SYS_LARGEFILE.
+AS_IF([test x"$enable_largefile" != xno], [
+  AS_CASE(["$target_os"], [solaris*], [
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([wheather _LARGEFILE_SOURCE should be defined])
+    AS_CASE(["${ac_cv_sys_file_offset_bits}:${ac_cv_sys_large_files}"],
+      ["64:"|"64:no"|"64:unknown"], [
+	# insert _LARGEFILE_SOURCE before _FILE_OFFSET_BITS line
+	# that is the same order as "getconf LFS_CFLAGS" output
+	mv confdefs.h largefile0.h
+	: > confdefs.h
+	AC_DEFINE(_LARGEFILE_SOURCE)
+	cat largefile0.h >> confdefs.h
+	rm largefile0.h
+	AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
+      ], [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])
+  ])
+])
+mv confdefs.h largefile.h
+mv confdefs1.h confdefs.h
+cat largefile.h >> confdefs.h
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [aix*], [
+    AS_CASE(["$target_cpu:$ac_cv_sys_large_files"],
+	[ppc64:*|powerpc64:*], [],
+	[*:no|*:unknown], [],
+	[
+	    # AIX currently does not support a 32-bit call to posix_fadvise()
+	    # if _LARGE_FILES is defined.
+	    ac_cv_func_posix_fadvise=no
+	])
+    ])
+
+AC_C_BIGENDIAN
+AC_C_CONST
+AC_C_CHAR_UNSIGNED
+AC_C_INLINE
+AC_C_VOLATILE
+AC_C_TYPEOF
+AC_C_RESTRICT
+
+AS_CASE(":$ac_cv_c_const:$ac_cv_c_volatile:",
+    [*:no:*], [AC_MSG_ERROR(ANSI C-conforming const and volatile are mandatory)])
+
+AC_CHECK_TYPES([long long, off_t])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([char bit], [rb_cv_char_bit],
+    [test "$universal_binary" = yes && cross_compiling=yes
+    AC_COMPUTE_INT([rb_cv_char_bit], [CHAR_BIT],
+	[AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([@%:@include <limits.h>])], [rb_cv_char_bit=8])
+    test "$universal_binary" = yes && cross_compiling=$real_cross_compiling])
+
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(int, [], [ILP])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(short)
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(long, [int], [ILP LP])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(long long)
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(__int64, [8], [ILP LP])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(__int128, [16], [ILP LP])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(off_t)
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(void*, [int long "long long"], [ILP LP LLP])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(float)
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(double)
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(time_t, [long "long long"], [], [@%:@include <time.h>])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(clock_t, [], [], [@%:@include <time.h>])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(packed struct attribute, rb_cv_packed_struct,
+    [rb_cv_packed_struct=no
+    for mac in \
+	"__pragma(pack(push, 1)) x __pragma(pack(pop))" \
+	"x __attribute__((packed))" \
+	; do
+	AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@define PACKED_STRUCT(x) $mac
+			PACKED_STRUCT(struct { int a; });]], [[]])],
+		[rb_cv_packed_struct=$mac; break])
+    done])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_packed_struct" != no], [
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([PACKED_STRUCT(x)], [$rb_cv_packed_struct])
+    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-Wno-address-of-packed-member, [AC_DEFINE(USE_UNALIGNED_MEMBER_ACCESS)])
+], [
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([PACKED_STRUCT(x)], x)
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_type_long_long" = xyes], [
+    RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(long long, ll I64, LL)
+], [test "x$ac_cv_type___int64" = xyes], [
+    RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(__int64, ll I64, LL)
+])
+
+RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(pid_t, int, PIDT)
+RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(uid_t, int, UIDT)
+RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(gid_t, int, GIDT)
+RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(time_t, [], TIMET, [@%:@include <time.h>])
+RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(dev_t, [int long "long long"], DEVT)
+RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(mode_t, ["unsigned short" "unsigned int" long], MODET, [@%:@include <sys/stat.h>])
+RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(rlim_t, [int long "long long"], RLIM, [
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
+@%:@include <sys/types.h>
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
+@%:@include <sys/time.h>
+@%:@endif
+@%:@include <sys/resource.h>
+])
+RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(off_t, [], OFFT)
+RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(clockid_t, [], CLOCKID, [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
+@%:@ include <time.h>
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
+@%:@ include <sys/time.h>
+@%:@endif])
+
+# __VA_ARGS__ is also tested in AC_PROG_CC_C99 since autoconf 2.60a (around
+# 2006). The check below is redundant and should always success.  Remain not
+# deleted for backward compat.
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for variable length macro, rb_cv_va_args_macro,
+  [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+int foo(const char*);
+@%:@define FOO(...) foo(@%:@__VA_ARGS__)
+]], [[FOO(1);FOO(1,2);FOO(1,2,3);]])],
+  rb_cv_va_args_macro=yes,
+  rb_cv_va_args_macro=no)])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_va_args_macro" = yes], [
+  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_VA_ARGS_MACRO)
+])
+
+# We want C11's  `_Alignof`.  GCC (and alike) have  `__alignof__`, which behave
+# slightly differently  than the  C11's.  We cannot  use `__alignof__`  for our
+# purpose.   The problem  is, however,  that  old gcc  and old  clang had  both
+# implemented `_Alignof` as  a synonym of `__alignof__`.  They are  not what we
+# want.  We have to check sanity.
+#
+# See also: https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=52023
+# See also: https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=26547
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([if _Alignof() works], rb_cv_have__alignof,[
+    rb_cv_have__alignof=no
+    RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
+        AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+            @%:@ifdef HAVE_STDALIGN_H
+            @%:@include <stdalign.h>
+            @%:@endif
+            @%:@ifdef STDC_HEADERS
+            @%:@include <stddef.h>
+            @%:@endif
+            @%:@ifndef __GNUC__
+            @%:@define __extension__
+            @%:@endif
+        ]], [[
+            typedef struct conftest_tag {
+                char _;
+                double d;
+            } T;
+            static int conftest_ary@<:@
+                offsetof(T, d) == __extension__ _Alignof(double)
+                ? 1 : -1
+            @:>@;
+            return conftest_ary@<:@0@:>@;
+        ]])],[
+            rb_cv_have__alignof=yes
+        ],[])
+    ])
+])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_have__alignof" != no], [
+    AC_DEFINE(HAVE__ALIGNOF)
+])
+
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__const__, CONSTFUNC)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__pure__, PUREFUNC)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__noreturn__, NORETURN)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__deprecated__, DEPRECATED)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__deprecated__("by "@%:@n), DEPRECATED_BY(n,x), rb_cv_func_deprecated_by)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__noinline__, NOINLINE)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__always_inline__, ALWAYS_INLINE)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__no_sanitize__(san), NO_SANITIZE(san, x), rb_cv_func_no_sanitize)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__no_sanitize_address__, NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__no_address_safety_analysis__, NO_ADDRESS_SAFETY_ANALYSIS)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__warn_unused_result__, WARN_UNUSED_RESULT)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__unused__, MAYBE_UNUSED)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__error__ mesg, ERRORFUNC(mesg,x), rb_cv_func___error__)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__warning__ mesg, WARNINGFUNC(mesg,x), rb_cv_func___warning__)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__weak__, WEAK, rb_cv_func_weak)
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_func_weak" != x], [
+   AC_DEFINE(HAVE_FUNC_WEAK)
+])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([for __attribute__((__depreacted__(msg))) in C++],
+  rb_cv_CentOS6_CXX_workaround,
+  RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
+    AC_LANG_PUSH([C++])
+    AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(
+      [AC_LANG_PROGRAM(
+        [],
+        [__attribute__((__deprecated__("message"))) int conftest(...);])],
+      [rb_cv_CentOS6_CXX_workaround=yes],
+      [rb_cv_CentOS6_CXX_workaround=no])
+    AC_LANG_POP()]))
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_CentOS6_CXX_workaround" != no],[
+  AC_DEFINE([RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED(msg)],
+    [__attribute__((__deprecated__(msg)))])])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([for std::nullptr_t], rb_cv_CXX_nullptr, [
+  AC_LANG_PUSH([C++])
+  AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(
+    [AC_LANG_PROGRAM(
+      [@%:@include <cstddef>],
+      [static std::nullptr_t const *const conftest = nullptr;])],
+    [rb_cv_CXX_nullptr=yes],
+    [rb_cv_CXX_nullptr=no])
+  AC_LANG_POP()])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_CXX_nullptr" != no],[AC_DEFINE(HAVE_NULLPTR)])
+
+if_i386=${universal_binary+[defined __i386__]}
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__stdcall__,  FUNC_STDCALL,  rb_cv_func_stdcall,  ${if_i386})
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__cdecl__,    FUNC_CDECL,    rb_cv_func_cdecl,    ${if_i386})
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__fastcall__, FUNC_FASTCALL, rb_cv_func_fastcall, ${if_i386})
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__optimize__("O0"), FUNC_UNOPTIMIZED, rb_cv_func_unoptimized)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__optimize__("-Os","-fomit-frame-pointer"), FUNC_MINIMIZED, rb_cv_func_minimized)
+
+AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for function alias], [rb_cv_gcc_function_alias],
+	[rb_cv_gcc_function_alias=no
+	for a in alias weak,alias; do
+	    AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[void foo(void) {}
+		void bar(void) __attribute__(($a("foo")));]], [[bar()]])],
+		[rb_cv_gcc_function_alias=$a; break])
+	done])
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_gcc_function_alias" != no], [
+	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_FUNCTION_ALIAS)
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION_TYPE(type, prot, name, args)],
+			   [type prot __attribute__(($rb_cv_gcc_function_alias(@%:@name)));])
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION_VOID(prot, name, args)],
+			   [RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION_TYPE(void, prot, name, args)])
+    ])
+
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for __atomic builtins], [rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins], [
+	AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[unsigned int atomic_var;]],
+		    [[
+			__atomic_exchange_n(&atomic_var, 0, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+			__atomic_exchange_n(&atomic_var, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+			__atomic_fetch_add(&atomic_var, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+			__atomic_fetch_sub(&atomic_var, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+			__atomic_or_fetch(&atomic_var, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+		    ]])],
+		    [rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins=yes],
+		    [rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins=no])])
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins" = yes], [
+	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
+    ])
+
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for __sync builtins], [rb_cv_gcc_sync_builtins], [
+	AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[unsigned int atomic_var;]],
+		    [[
+			__sync_lock_test_and_set(&atomic_var, 0);
+			__sync_lock_test_and_set(&atomic_var, 1);
+			__sync_fetch_and_add(&atomic_var, 1);
+			__sync_fetch_and_sub(&atomic_var, 1);
+			__sync_or_and_fetch(&atomic_var, 1);
+			__sync_val_compare_and_swap(&atomic_var, 0, 1);
+		    ]])],
+		    [rb_cv_gcc_sync_builtins=yes],
+		    [rb_cv_gcc_sync_builtins=no])])
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_gcc_sync_builtins" = yes], [
+	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
+    ])
+])
+
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK(for __builtin_unreachable, rb_cv_func___builtin_unreachable,
+    [RUBY_WERROR_FLAG(
+    [AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[volatile int zero;]],
+	[[if (zero) __builtin_unreachable();]])],
+	[rb_cv_func___builtin_unreachable=yes],
+	[rb_cv_func___builtin_unreachable=no])
+    ])
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_func___builtin_unreachable" = yes], [
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(UNREACHABLE, [__builtin_unreachable()])
+    ])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for exported function attribute, rb_cv_func_exported, [
+rb_cv_func_exported=no
+RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
+for mac in '__attribute__ ((__visibility__("default")))' '__declspec(dllexport)'; do
+  AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@define RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED $mac extern
+    RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED void conftest_attribute_check(void);]], [[]])],
+    [rb_cv_func_exported="$mac"; break])
+done
+])])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_func_exported" != no], [
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED, [$rb_cv_func_exported extern])
+])
+RUBY_DECL_ATTRIBUTE([__nonnull__(n)], [RUBY_FUNC_NONNULL(n,x)], [rb_cv_func_nonnull],
+                    [], [function], [
+@%:@define x int conftest_attribute_check(void *p)
+@%:@define n 1
+])
+
+RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -DRUBY_EXPORT)
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(mathn,
+    AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-mathn], [enable canonicalization for mathn]),
+    [AC_MSG_ERROR([mathn support has been dropped])])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for function name string predefined identifier,
+    rb_cv_function_name_string,
+    [AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[openbsd*],[
+      rb_cv_function_name_string=__func__
+     ],[
+     rb_cv_function_name_string=no
+      RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
+        for func in __func__ __FUNCTION__; do
+            AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <stdio.h>]],
+			 		    [[puts($func);]])],
+            [rb_cv_function_name_string=$func
+            break])
+        done
+      ])])]
+)
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_function_name_string" != no], [
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_FUNCTION_NAME_STRING, [$rb_cv_function_name_string])
+])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(if enum over int is allowed, rb_cv_enum_over_int, [
+    rb_cv_enum_over_int=no
+    AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_type_long_long" = xyes], [
+	type="unsigned long long" max="ULLONG_MAX"
+    ], [
+	type="unsigned long" max="ULONG_MAX"
+    ])
+    RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
+        AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([
+            AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([
+                    @%:@include <limits.h>
+                    enum {conftest_max = $max};
+                ], [
+                    (conftest_max == $max) &&
+                    (sizeof(conftest_max) == sizeof($type))
+                ]
+	    )],
+	    [rb_cv_enum_over_int=yes],
+	    [rb_cv_enum_over_int=no]
+	)
+    ])
+])
+AS_IF([test $rb_cv_enum_over_int = yes], [
+    AC_DEFINE(ENUM_OVER_INT, 1)
+])
+
+dnl Check whether we need to define sys_nerr locally
+AC_CHECK_DECLS([sys_nerr], [], [], [$ac_includes_default
+@%:@include <errno.h>])
+
+AC_CHECK_DECLS([getenv])
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"],
+[alpha*|sh4|sh4el|sh4eb], [AS_CASE(["$target_os"::"$GCC"],
+		[*::yes],  # gcc
+			[CFLAGS="-mieee $CFLAGS"],
+		[osf*],    # ccc
+			[CFLAGS="-ieee $CFLAGS"],
+		)],
+[sparc*], [AC_LIBOBJ([sparc])])
+
+ac_cv_header_net_socket_h=${ac_cv_header_net_socket_h=no}
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_header_net_socket_h" = yes], [
+    ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=no}
+], [
+    ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=yes}
+])
+
+
+AC_TYPE_SIZE_T
+RUBY_CHECK_SIGNEDNESS(size_t, [AC_MSG_ERROR(size_t is signed)], [],
+		      [@%:@include <sys/types.h>])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(size_t, [int long void*], [], [@%:@include <sys/types.h>])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(ptrdiff_t, size_t, [], [@%:@include <stddef.h>])
+RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(size_t, z)
+RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(ptrdiff_t, t)
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_blksize])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_blocks])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_rdev])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF([struct stat.st_size], [off_t int long "long long"], [], [@%:@include <sys/stat.h>])
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_blocks" = yes], [
+    RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF([struct stat.st_blocks], [off_t int long "long long"], [], [@%:@include <sys/stat.h>])
+])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF([struct stat.st_ino], [long "long long"], [], [@%:@include <sys/stat.h>])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_atim])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_atimespec])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_atimensec])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_mtim])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_mtimespec])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_mtimensec])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_ctim])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_ctimespec])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_ctimensec])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_birthtimespec])
+AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_birthtimespec" != xyes],
+    [AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct statx.stx_btime])])
+
+AC_CHECK_TYPES([struct timeval], [], [], [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
+@%:@include <time.h>
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
+@%:@include <sys/time.h>
+@%:@endif])
+
+AS_IF([test "${ac_cv_type_struct_timeval}" = yes], [
+    RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF([struct timeval.tv_sec], [time_t long "long long"], [],
+		      [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
+@%:@include <time.h>
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
+@%:@include <sys/time.h>
+@%:@endif])
+    AS_CASE(${ac_cv_sizeof_struct_timeval_tv_sec},
+	    [SIZEOF_INT], [t=int],
+	    [SIZEOF_LONG], [t=long],
+	    [SIZEOF_LONG_LONG], [t=LONG_LONG],
+	    [t=])
+    AS_IF([test "${t}" != ""], [
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(TYPEOF_TIMEVAL_TV_SEC, [$t])
+    ])
+])
+
+AC_CHECK_TYPES([struct timespec], [], [], [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
+@%:@include <time.h>
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
+@%:@include <sys/time.h>
+@%:@endif])
+
+AC_CHECK_TYPES([struct timezone], [], [], [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
+@%:@ include <time.h>
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
+@%:@ include <sys/time.h>
+@%:@endif])
+
+AC_CACHE_VAL([rb_cv_large_fd_select],
+    [AC_CHECK_TYPE(fd_mask, [rb_cv_large_fd_select=yes], [rb_cv_large_fd_select=no], [AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([])
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
+@%:@ include <sys/select.h>
+@%:@endif])])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_large_fd_select" = yes], [
+    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_RB_FD_INIT, 1)
+])
+
+RUBY_DEFINT(int8_t, 1)
+RUBY_DEFINT(uint8_t, 1, unsigned)
+RUBY_DEFINT(int16_t, 2)
+RUBY_DEFINT(uint16_t, 2, unsigned)
+RUBY_DEFINT(int32_t, 4)
+RUBY_DEFINT(uint32_t, 4, unsigned)
+RUBY_DEFINT(int64_t, 8)
+RUBY_DEFINT(uint64_t, 8, unsigned)
+RUBY_DEFINT(int128_t, 16)
+RUBY_DEFINT(uint128_t, 16, unsigned)
+RUBY_DEFINT(intptr_t, void*)
+RUBY_DEFINT(uintptr_t, void*, unsigned)
+AS_IF([test "x$rb_cv_type_intptr_t" != xno], [
+    RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(intptr_t, '' ll I64 l, PTR)
+])
+RUBY_DEFINT(ssize_t, size_t, [], [@%:@include <sys/types.h>])	dnl may differ from int, so not use AC_TYPE_SSIZE_T.
+AS_IF([test "x$rb_cv_type_int64_t" != xno], [
+    RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(int64_t, ll I64 l, 64)
+])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for stack end address, rb_cv_stack_end_address,
+[rb_cv_stack_end_address=no
+  AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM(
+      [[extern void *__libc_stack_end;]],
+      [[if (!__libc_stack_end) return 1;]])],
+    [rb_cv_stack_end_address="__libc_stack_end"])
+])
+AS_IF([test $rb_cv_stack_end_address != no], [
+  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(STACK_END_ADDRESS, $rb_cv_stack_end_address)
+])
+
+dnl Checks for library functions.
+AC_TYPE_GETGROUPS
+AS_CASE(["${target_cpu}-${target_os}:${target_archs}"],
+[powerpc-darwin*], [
+  AC_LIBSOURCES(alloca.c)
+  AC_SUBST([ALLOCA], [\${LIBOBJDIR}alloca.${ac_objext}])
+  AC_DEFINE(C_ALLOCA)
+  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(alloca, alloca)
+  ],
+[universal-darwin*:*ppc*], [
+  AC_LIBSOURCES(alloca.c)
+  AC_SUBST([ALLOCA], [\${LIBOBJDIR}alloca.${ac_objext}])
+  RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __powerpc__], C_ALLOCA, 1)
+  RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __powerpc__], alloca, alloca)
+  ],
+[
+  AC_FUNC_ALLOCA
+  ])
+AS_IF([test "x$ALLOCA" = "x"], [
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for dynamic size alloca], rb_cv_dynamic_alloca, [
+    for chk in ok __chkstk; do
+	AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+	    @%:@ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
+	    @%:@include <alloca.h>
+	    @%:@endif
+	    void $chk() {}
+	    int dynamic_alloca_test;
+	    int dynamic_alloca_result;]],
+	    [[dynamic_alloca_result = alloca(dynamic_alloca_test) != 0;]])],
+	    [rb_cv_dynamic_alloca=$chk; break])
+    done])
+    AS_IF([test "x$rb_cv_dynamic_alloca" = "x__chkstk"], [
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_ALLOCA_CHKSTK, _$rb_cv_dynamic_alloca)
+	AS_CASE("$target_cpu",
+	[x64|x86_64], [
+	    AC_SUBST([ALLOCA], [\${LIBOBJDIR}x86_64-chkstk.${ac_objext}])
+	],)
+    ])
+])
+AC_FUNC_MEMCMP
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[freebsd*],[
+	 AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_CLOSE)
+	 AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(close)
+	 ])
+
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(acosh)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(cbrt)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(crypt)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(dup2)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(erf)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(explicit_bzero)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(ffs)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(flock)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(hypot)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(lgamma_r)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(memmove)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(nan)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(nextafter)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(setproctitle)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strchr)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strerror)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strlcat)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strlcpy)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strstr)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(tgamma)
+
+RUBY_REPLACE_FUNC([finite], [@%:@include <math.h>])
+RUBY_REPLACE_FUNC([isinf], [@%:@include <math.h>])
+RUBY_REPLACE_FUNC([isnan], [@%:@include <math.h>])
+
+# for missing/setproctitle.c
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+[aix* | k*bsd*-gnu | kopensolaris*-gnu | linux* | darwin*], [AC_DEFINE(SPT_TYPE,SPT_REUSEARGV)],
+[hpux*], [AC_DEFINE(SPT_TYPE,SPT_PSTAT) ],
+[])
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/pstat.h)
+
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for signbit, rb_cv_have_signbit,
+  [AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+#include <math.h>
+]], [[int v = signbit(-0.0);]])],
+	rb_cv_have_signbit=yes,
+	rb_cv_have_signbit=no)])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_have_signbit" = yes], [
+  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_SIGNBIT)
+], [
+  AC_LIBOBJ([signbit])
+])
+
+AC_FUNC_FORK
+
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(__syscall)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(_longjmp)		# used for AC_ARG_WITH(setjmp-type)
+# we don't use _setjmp if _longjmp doesn't exist.
+test x$ac_cv_func__longjmp = xno && ac_cv_func__setjmp=no
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(arc4random_buf)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(atan2l atan2f)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(chroot)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(chsize)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(clock_gettime)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(copy_file_range)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(cosh)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(crypt_r)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(daemon)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dirfd)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dl_iterate_phdr)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dlopen)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dladdr)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dup)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dup3)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(eaccess)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(endgrent)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(eventfd)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(explicit_memset)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fcopyfile)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fchmod)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fchown)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fcntl)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fdatasync)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fdopendir)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fgetattrlist)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fmod)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fstatat)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fsync)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(ftruncate)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(ftruncate64)		# used for Win32 platform
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getattrlist)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getcwd)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getgidx)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getgrnam)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getgrnam_r)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getgroups)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getlogin)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getlogin_r)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpgid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpgrp)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpriority)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpwnam)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpwnam_r)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpwuid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpwuid_r)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getrandom)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getresgid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getresuid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getrlimit)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getsid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(gettimeofday)		# for making ac_cv_func_gettimeofday
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getuidx)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(gmtime_r)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(grantpt)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(initgroups)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(ioctl)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(isfinite)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(issetugid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(killpg)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(lchmod)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(lchown)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(link)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(llabs)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(lockf)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(log2)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(lstat)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(lutimes)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(malloc_usable_size)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(malloc_size)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(mblen)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(memalign)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(memset_s)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(writev)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(memrchr)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(memmem)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(mkfifo)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(mknod)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(mktime)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(openat)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(pipe2)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(poll)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(posix_fadvise)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(posix_memalign)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(ppoll)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(pread)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(pwrite)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(qsort_r)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(qsort_s)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(readlink)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(realpath)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(round)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sched_getaffinity)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(seekdir)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(select_large_fdset)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sendfile)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setegid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setenv)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(seteuid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setgid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setgroups)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setpgid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setpgrp)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setregid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setresgid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setresuid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setreuid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setrgid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setrlimit)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setruid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setsid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setuid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(shutdown)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sigaction)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sigaltstack)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sigprocmask)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sinh)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(spawnv)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(symlink)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(syscall)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sysconf)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(tanh)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(telldir)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(timegm)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(times)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(truncate)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(truncate64)		# used for Win32
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(unsetenv)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(utimensat)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(utimes)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(wait4)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(waitpid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(__cospi)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(__sinpi)
+
+AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_member_struct_statx_stx_btime" = xyes],
+    [AC_CHECK_FUNCS(statx)])
+
+AS_CASE(["$ac_cv_func_memset_s:$ac_cv_func_qsort_s"], [*yes*],
+    [RUBY_DEFINE_IF([!defined __STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__], [__STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__], 1)])
+
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_getcwd" = yes], [
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK(if getcwd allocates buffer if NULL is given, [rb_cv_getcwd_malloc],
+	[AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+@%:@include <stddef.h>
+@%:@include <stdio.h>
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+@%:@include <unistd.h>
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifndef EXIT_SUCCESS
+@%:@define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifndef EXIT_FAILURE
+@%:@define EXIT_FAILURE 1
+@%:@endif
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    if (!getcwd(NULL, 0)) return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+]])],
+	    rb_cv_getcwd_malloc=yes,
+	    rb_cv_getcwd_malloc=no,
+	    AS_CASE($target_os,
+		[linux*|darwin*|*bsd|cygwin*|mingw*|mswin*],
+		[rb_cv_getcwd_malloc=yes],
+		[rb_cv_getcwd_malloc=no]))])
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_getcwd_malloc" = no], [AC_DEFINE(NO_GETCWD_MALLOC, 1)])
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_crypt_r" = yes],
+    [AC_CHECK_HEADERS(crypt.h)])
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_crypt_r:$ac_cv_header_crypt_h" = yes:yes],
+    [AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct crypt_data.initialized], [], [],
+		      [AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([@%:@include <crypt.h>])])])
+
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_alloca_with_align, [__builtin_alloca_with_align(1, 4096)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_assume_aligned, [__builtin_assume_aligned((void*)32, 32)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_bswap16, [__builtin_bswap16(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_bswap32, [__builtin_bswap32(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_bswap64, [__builtin_bswap64(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_popcount, [__builtin_popcount(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_popcountll, [__builtin_popcountll(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_clz, [__builtin_clz(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_clzl, [__builtin_clzl(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_clzll, [__builtin_clzll(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_ctz, [__builtin_ctz(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_ctzll, [__builtin_ctzll(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_add_overflow, [int x;__builtin_add_overflow(0,0,&x)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_sub_overflow, [int x;__builtin_sub_overflow(0,0,&x)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_mul_overflow, [int x;__builtin_mul_overflow(0,0,&x)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_mul_overflow_p, [__builtin_mul_overflow_p(0,0,(int)0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_constant_p, [__builtin_constant_p(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_choose_expr, [
+    [int x[__extension__(__builtin_choose_expr(1, 1, -1))]];
+    [int y[__extension__(__builtin_choose_expr(0, -1, 1))]];
+    ])
+AS_IF([test x$rb_cv_builtin___builtin_choose_expr = xyes], [
+    RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_choose_expr_constant_p, [
+    [int x[__extension__(__builtin_choose_expr(__builtin_constant_p(1), 1, -1))]];
+    [int y[__extension__(__builtin_choose_expr(__builtin_constant_p(foo), -1, 1))]];
+    ])
+])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_types_compatible_p, [__builtin_types_compatible_p(int, int)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_trap, [__builtin_trap()])
+
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_qsort_r" != no], [
+  AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether qsort_r is GNU version, rb_cv_gnu_qsort_r,
+    [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+@%:@include <stdlib.h>
+void (qsort_r)(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
+	    int (*compar)(const void *, const void *, void *),
+	    void *arg);
+]], [[ ]])],
+      [rb_cv_gnu_qsort_r=yes],
+      [rb_cv_gnu_qsort_r=no])
+  ])
+  AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether qsort_r is BSD version, rb_cv_bsd_qsort_r,
+    [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+@%:@include <stdlib.h>
+void (qsort_r)(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
+	     void *arg, int (*compar)(void *, const void *, const void *));
+]], [[ ]])],
+      [rb_cv_bsd_qsort_r=yes],
+      [rb_cv_bsd_qsort_r=no])
+  ])
+  AS_CASE("$rb_cv_gnu_qsort_r:$rb_cv_bsd_qsort_r",
+  [yes:no], [
+    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GNU_QSORT_R, 1)
+  ],
+  [no:yes], [
+    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_BSD_QSORT_R, 1)
+  ])
+])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether atan2 handles Inf as C99, rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99, [
+    AS_IF([test $ac_cv_func_atan2f:$ac_cv_func_atan2l = yes:yes], [
+	AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+@%:@include <math.h>
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+@%:@include <unistd.h>
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifndef EXIT_SUCCESS
+@%:@define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifndef EXIT_FAILURE
+@%:@define EXIT_FAILURE 1
+@%:@endif
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    if (fabs(atan2(INFINITY, INFINITY) - M_PI_4) <= 0.01) return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+}
+]])],
+	[rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99=yes],
+	[rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99=no],
+	[AS_CASE($target_os, [mingw*|mswin*], [rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99=no], [rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99=yes])]
+	)
+    ], [rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99=no])
+])
+AS_IF([test "x$rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99" = xyes], [AC_DEFINE(ATAN2_INF_C99)])
+
+# Some platform need -lrt for clock_gettime, but the other don't.
+AS_IF([test x"$ac_cv_func_clock_gettime" != xyes], [
+    # glibc 2.17 moves clock_* functions from librt to the main C library.
+    # http://sourceware.org/ml/libc-announce/2012/msg00001.html
+    AC_CHECK_LIB(rt, clock_gettime)
+    AS_IF([test x"$ac_cv_lib_rt_clock_gettime" = xyes], [
+	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME, 1)
+    ])
+])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(clock_getres) # clock_getres should be tested after clock_gettime test including librt test.
+AC_CHECK_LIB([rt], [timer_create])
+AC_CHECK_LIB([rt], [timer_settime])
+AS_IF([test x"$ac_cv_lib_rt_timer_create" = xyes], [
+    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_TIMER_CREATE, 1)
+])
+AS_IF([test x"$ac_cv_lib_rt_timer_settime" = xyes], [
+    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_TIMER_SETTIME, 1)
+])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for unsetenv returns a value, rb_cv_unsetenv_return_value,
+  [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+#include <stdlib.h>
+]], [[int v = unsetenv("foo");]])],
+	rb_cv_unsetenv_return_value=yes,
+	rb_cv_unsetenv_return_value=no)])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_unsetenv_return_value" = no], [
+  AC_DEFINE(VOID_UNSETENV)
+])
+
+# End of setjmp check.
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(setreuid,
+       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-setreuid], [use setreuid()/setregid() according to need even if obsolete]),
+       [use_setreuid=$enableval])
+AS_IF([test "$use_setreuid" = yes], [
+    AC_DEFINE(USE_SETREUID)
+    AC_DEFINE(USE_SETREGID)
+])
+AC_STRUCT_TIMEZONE
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for struct tm.tm_gmtoff, rb_cv_member_struct_tm_tm_gmtoff,
+  [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+@%:@define _BSD_SOURCE
+@%:@define _DEFAULT_SOURCE
+@%:@include <time.h>
+    ]],
+    [[struct tm t; t.tm_gmtoff = 3600;]])],
+  [rb_cv_member_struct_tm_tm_gmtoff=yes],
+  [rb_cv_member_struct_tm_tm_gmtoff=no])])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_member_struct_tm_tm_gmtoff" = yes], [
+  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_GMTOFF)
+])
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for external int daylight, rb_cv_have_daylight,
+  [AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[#include <time.h>
+  int i;]],
+	[[i = daylight;]])],
+	rb_cv_have_daylight=yes,
+	rb_cv_have_daylight=no)])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_have_daylight" = yes], [
+  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_DAYLIGHT)
+])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for negative time_t for gmtime(3), rb_cv_negative_time_t,
+  [AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+void
+check(tm, y, m, d, h, s)
+    struct tm *tm;
+    int y, m, d, h, s;
+{
+    if (!tm ||
+	tm->tm_year != y ||
+	tm->tm_mon  != m-1 ||
+	tm->tm_mday != d ||
+	tm->tm_hour != h ||
+	tm->tm_sec  != s) {
+	exit(1);
+    }
+}
+
+int
+main()
+{
+   time_t t = -1;
+   struct tm *tm;
+
+   check(gmtime(&t), 69, 12, 31, 23, 59);
+   t = ~(time_t)0 << 31;
+   check(gmtime(&t), 1, 12, 13, 20, 52);
+   return 0;
+}
+]])],
+	rb_cv_negative_time_t=yes,
+	rb_cv_negative_time_t=no,
+	rb_cv_negative_time_t=yes)])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_negative_time_t" = yes], [
+  AC_DEFINE(NEGATIVE_TIME_T)
+])
+
+# [ruby-dev:40910] overflow of time on FreeBSD
+# http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=145341
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for localtime(3) overflow correctly, rb_cv_localtime_overflow,
+  [AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+void
+check(time_t t1)
+{
+    struct tm *tm;
+    time_t t2;
+    tm = localtime(&t1);
+    if (!tm)
+	return; /* overflow detected.  ok. */
+    t2 = mktime(tm);
+    if (t1 == t2)
+        return; /* round-trip.  ok. */
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+int
+main()
+{
+    time_t t;
+    if (~(time_t)0 <= 0) {
+        t = (((time_t)1) << (sizeof(time_t) * 8 - 2));
+        t |= t - 1;
+    }
+    else {
+        t = ~(time_t)0;
+    }
+    check(t);
+    return 0;
+}
+]])],
+	rb_cv_localtime_overflow=yes,
+	rb_cv_localtime_overflow=no,
+	rb_cv_localtime_overflow=no)])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_localtime_overflow" = no], [
+  AC_DEFINE(LOCALTIME_OVERFLOW_PROBLEM)
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_sigprocmask" = yes && test "$ac_cv_func_sigaction" = yes], [
+   AC_DEFINE(POSIX_SIGNAL)
+], [
+  AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sigsetmask)
+  AC_CACHE_CHECK(for BSD signal semantics, rb_cv_bsd_signal,
+    [AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+
+void
+sig_handler(dummy)
+     int dummy;
+{
+}
+
+int
+main()
+{
+  signal(SIGINT, sig_handler);
+  kill(getpid(), SIGINT);
+  kill(getpid(), SIGINT);
+  return 0;
+}
+]])],
+	rb_cv_bsd_signal=yes,
+	rb_cv_bsd_signal=no,
+	rb_cv_bsd_signal=$ac_cv_func_sigsetmask)])
+  AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_bsd_signal" = yes], [
+    AC_DEFINE(BSD_SIGNAL)
+  ])
+])
+
+AC_CHECK_TYPES([sig_t],[],[],[@%:@include <signal.h>])
+
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_getpgid" = no], [
+  # AC_FUNC_GETPGRP fails when cross-compiling with old autoconf.
+  # autoconf is changed between 2.52d and 2.52f?
+  # http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-gnu-utils/2001-09/msg00181.html
+  # "autoconf cleanup for AC_FUNC_GETPGRP and GETPGRP_VOID"
+AC_FUNC_GETPGRP
+])
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_setpgid:$ac_cv_func_setpgrp" = no:yes], [
+  # AC_FUNC_SETPGRP fails when cross-compiling.  (until autoconf 2.69?)
+  # https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-autoconf/2013-02/msg00002.html
+  # "AC_FUNC_SETPGRP fails to work properly when cross-compiling"
+AC_FUNC_SETPGRP
+])
+
+AS_IF([test x"$ac_cv_func_dirfd" = xno], [
+  AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[solaris*],
+          [AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([DIR.d_fd, DIR.dd_fd],,,[
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+])])
+])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether right shift preserve sign bit, rb_cv_rshift_sign,
+    [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([], [(-1==(-1>>1))])],
+	rb_cv_rshift_sign=yes,
+	rb_cv_rshift_sign=no)])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_rshift_sign" = yes], [
+  AC_DEFINE(RSHIFT(x,y), ((x)>>(int)(y)))
+], [
+  AC_DEFINE(RSHIFT(x,y), (((x)<0) ? ~((~(x))>>(int)(y)) : (x)>>(int)(y)))
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_copy_file_range" = no], [
+  AC_CACHE_CHECK([for copy_file_range],
+    rb_cv_use_copy_file_range,
+    [AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#ifndef O_TMPFILE
+  #define O_TMPFILE __O_TMPFILE
+#endif
+
+int
+main()
+{
+#ifdef __NR_copy_file_range
+   int ret, fd_in, fd_out;
+   fd_in = open("/tmp", O_TMPFILE|O_RDWR, S_IRUSR);
+   fd_out = open("/tmp", O_TMPFILE|O_WRONLY, S_IWUSR);
+   ret = syscall(__NR_copy_file_range, fd_in, NULL, fd_out, NULL, 0, 0);
+   close(fd_in);
+   close(fd_out);
+   if (ret == -1) { return 1; }
+   return 0;
+#else
+   return 1;
+#endif
+}
+  ]])],
+    [rb_cv_use_copy_file_range=yes],
+    [rb_cv_use_copy_file_range=no],
+    [rb_cv_use_copy_file_range=no])])
+])
+AS_CASE(["$ac_cv_func_copy_file_range:$rb_cv_use_copy_file_range"], [*yes*], [
+  AC_DEFINE(USE_COPY_FILE_RANGE)
+])
+
+AS_CASE(["$ac_cv_func_gettimeofday:$ac_cv_func_clock_gettime"],
+[*yes*], [],
+[
+    AC_MSG_ERROR(clock_gettime() or gettimeofday() must exist)
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_sysconf" = yes], [
+  RUBY_CHECK_SYSCONF(CLK_TCK)
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "${universal_binary-no}" = yes ], [
+    archflagpat=`eval echo '"'"${ARCH_FLAG}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g'`
+    save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" new_cflags=`echo "$CFLAGS" | sed "s|$archflagpat"'||'`
+    save_LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS" new_ldflags=`echo "$LDFLAGS" | sed "s|$archflagpat"'||'`
+    stack_dir=
+    for archs in ${universal_archnames}; do
+	archs=`echo $archs | sed 's/=.*//'`
+	CFLAGS="$new_cflags -arch $archs"
+	LDFLAGS="$new_ldflags -arch $archs"
+	RUBY_STACK_GROW_DIRECTION($archs, dir)
+	AS_IF([test x$stack_dir = x], [
+	    stack_dir=$dir
+	], [test x$stack_dir != x$dir], [
+	    stack_dir=no
+	])
+    done
+    CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$save_LDFLAGS"
+    AS_IF([test x$stack_dir = xno], [
+	for archs in ${universal_archnames}; do
+	    archs=`echo $archs | sed 's/=.*//'`
+	    eval dir=\$[rb_cv_stack_grow_dir_]AS_TR_SH([$archs])
+	    RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __${archs}__], STACK_GROW_DIRECTION, $dir)
+	done
+    ], [
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(STACK_GROW_DIRECTION, $stack_dir)
+    ])
+], [
+    RUBY_STACK_GROW_DIRECTION($target_cpu, dir)
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(STACK_GROW_DIRECTION, $dir)
+])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(coroutine,
+    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-coroutine=IMPLEMENTATION], [specify the coroutine implementation to use]),
+    [rb_cv_coroutine=$withval])
+AS_CASE([$rb_cv_coroutine], [yes|''], [
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING(native coroutine implementation for ${target_cpu}-${target_os})
+    rb_cv_coroutine=
+    AS_CASE(["$target_cpu-$target_os"],
+        [x*64-darwin*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=amd64
+        ],
+        [arm64-darwin*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=arm64
+        ],
+        [x*64-linux*], [
+            AS_CASE(["$ac_cv_sizeof_voidp"],
+                [8], [ rb_cv_coroutine=amd64 ],
+                [4], [ rb_cv_coroutine=x86 ],
+                dnl unknown pointer size, bail out as no Context.h soon.
+            )
+        ],
+        [*86-linux*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=x86
+        ],
+        [x64-mingw32], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=win64
+        ],
+        [*86-mingw32], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=win32
+        ],
+        [arm*-linux*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=arm32
+        ],
+        [aarch64-linux*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=arm64
+        ],
+        [powerpc64le-linux*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=ppc64le
+        ],
+        [x86_64-openbsd*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=amd64
+        ],
+        [i386-openbsd*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=x86
+        ],
+        [*-openbsd*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=copy
+        ],
+        [*-haiku*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=copy
+        ],
+        [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=ucontext
+        ]
+    )
+    AC_MSG_RESULT(${rb_cv_coroutine})
+])
+COROUTINE_H=coroutine/$rb_cv_coroutine/Context.h
+AS_IF([test ! -f "$srcdir/$COROUTINE_H"],
+      [AC_MSG_ERROR('$rb_cv_coroutine' is not supported as coroutine)])
+AS_CASE([$rb_cv_coroutine],
+    [copy|ucontext], [
+        COROUTINE_SRC=coroutine/$rb_cv_coroutine/Context.c
+    ],
+    [
+        COROUTINE_SRC=coroutine/$rb_cv_coroutine/Context.'$(ASMEXT)'
+    ]
+)
+AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(COROUTINE_H, ["$COROUTINE_H"])
+AC_SUBST(X_COROUTINE_H, [$COROUTINE_H])
+AC_SUBST(X_COROUTINE_SRC, [$COROUTINE_SRC])
+
+AS_IF([test x"$enable_pthread" = xyes], [
+    for pthread_lib in thr pthread pthreads c c_r root; do
+	AC_CHECK_LIB($pthread_lib, pthread_create,
+		     rb_with_pthread=yes, rb_with_pthread=no)
+	AS_IF([test "$rb_with_pthread" = "yes"], [break])
+    done
+    AS_IF([test x"$rb_with_pthread" = xyes], [
+	AC_DEFINE(_REENTRANT)
+	AC_DEFINE(_THREAD_SAFE)
+	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBPTHREAD)
+	AC_CHECK_HEADERS(pthread_np.h, [], [], [@%:@include <pthread.h>])
+	AS_CASE(["$pthread_lib:$target_os"],
+		[c:*], [],
+		[root:*], [],
+		[c_r:*|*:openbsd*|*:mirbsd*],  [LIBS="-pthread $LIBS"],
+		[LIBS="-l$pthread_lib $LIBS"])
+    ], [
+	AC_MSG_WARN("Don't know how to find pthread library on your system -- thread support disabled")
+    ])
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether pthread_t is scalar type], [rb_cv_scalar_pthread_t], [
+	AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+	    @%:@include <pthread.h>
+	    ]], [[
+	    pthread_t thread_id;
+	    thread_id = 0;
+	    if (!thread_id) return 0;
+	    ]])],[rb_cv_scalar_pthread_t=yes],[rb_cv_scalar_pthread_t=no])
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test x"$rb_cv_scalar_pthread_t" = xyes], [
+	: # RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(pthread_t, [void* int long], [], [@%:@include <pthread.h>])
+    ], [
+	AC_DEFINE(NON_SCALAR_THREAD_ID)
+    ])
+    AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sched_yield pthread_attr_setinheritsched \
+	pthread_attr_get_np pthread_attr_getstack pthread_attr_getguardsize \
+	pthread_get_stackaddr_np pthread_get_stacksize_np \
+	thr_stksegment pthread_stackseg_np pthread_getthrds_np \
+	pthread_condattr_setclock \
+	pthread_sigmask pthread_setname_np pthread_set_name_np)
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[aix*],[ac_cv_func_pthread_getattr_np=no],[AC_CHECK_FUNCS(pthread_getattr_np)])
+    set_current_thread_name=
+    AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_pthread_setname_np" = yes], [
+	AC_CACHE_CHECK([arguments of pthread_setname_np], [rb_cv_func_pthread_setname_np_arguments],
+	    [rb_cv_func_pthread_setname_np_arguments=
+	    # Linux,AIX,  (pthread_self(), name)
+	    # NetBSD (pthread_self(), \"%s\", name)
+	    # Darwin (name)
+	    for mac in \
+		"(pthread_self(), name)" \
+		"(pthread_self(), \"%s\", name)" \
+		"(name)" \
+		; do
+		AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+		    @%:@include <pthread.h>
+		    @%:@ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD_NP_H
+		    @%:@include <pthread_np.h>
+		    @%:@endif
+		    @%:@define SET_THREAD_NAME(name) pthread_setname_np${mac}
+		    ]],
+		    [[if (SET_THREAD_NAME("conftest")) return 1;]])],
+		    [rb_cv_func_pthread_setname_np_arguments="${mac}"
+		    break])
+	    done
+	    ]
+	)
+	AS_IF([test -n "${rb_cv_func_pthread_setname_np_arguments}"], [
+	    set_current_thread_name="pthread_setname_np${rb_cv_func_pthread_setname_np_arguments}"
+	])
+    ], [test "$ac_cv_func_pthread_set_name_np" = yes], [
+	set_current_thread_name="pthread_set_name_np(pthread_self(), name)"
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test -n "$set_current_thread_name"], [
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(SET_CURRENT_THREAD_NAME(name), $set_current_thread_name)
+	AS_CASE([$set_current_thread_name],
+	    [*'pthread_self()'*], [
+		set_another_thread_name=`echo "$set_current_thread_name" | sed 's/pthread_self()/thid/'`
+		AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(SET_ANOTHER_THREAD_NAME(thid,name), $set_another_thread_name)
+	    ])
+    ])
+])
+
+AS_IF([test x"$ac_cv_header_ucontext_h" = xno], [
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([if signal.h defines ucontext_t], [rb_cv_ucontext_in_signal_h],
+	[AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <signal.h>]],
+					    [[size_t size = sizeof(ucontext_t);]])],
+	[rb_cv_ucontext_in_signal_h=yes], [rb_cv_ucontext_in_signal_h=no])])
+    AS_IF([test x"$rb_cv_ucontext_in_signal_h" = xyes], [
+	    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(UCONTEXT_IN_SIGNAL_H, 1)
+    ])
+])
+AS_IF([test x"$ac_cv_header_ucontext_h" = xyes -o x"$rb_cv_ucontext_in_signal_h" = xyes], [
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([if mcontext_t is a pointer], [rb_cv_mcontext_t_ptr],
+	[AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+	    @%:@include <signal.h>
+	    @%:@ifdef HAVE_UCONTEXT_H
+	    @%:@include <ucontext.h>
+	    @%:@endif
+        mcontext_t test(mcontext_t mc) {return mc+1;}
+	  ]],
+	  [[test(0);]])],
+	[rb_cv_mcontext_t_ptr=yes], [rb_cv_mcontext_t_ptr=no])])
+    AS_IF([test x"$rb_cv_mcontext_t_ptr" = xyes], [
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DEFINE_MCONTEXT_PTR(mc, uc), mcontext_t mc = (uc)->uc_mcontext)
+    ], [
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DEFINE_MCONTEXT_PTR(mc, uc), mcontext_t *mc = &(uc)->uc_mcontext)
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test x"$rb_with_pthread" = xyes], [
+	AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getcontext setcontext)
+    ])
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_fork_works" = "yes" -a "$rb_with_pthread" = "yes"], [
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([if fork works with pthread], rb_cv_fork_with_pthread,
+	[AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#ifndef EXIT_SUCCESS
+#define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
+#endif
+#ifndef EXIT_FAILURE
+#define EXIT_FAILURE 1
+#endif
+
+void *
+thread_func(void *dmy)
+{
+    return dmy;
+}
+
+int
+use_threads(void)
+{
+    pthread_t tid;
+    if (pthread_create(&tid, 0, thread_func, 0) != 0) {
+	return -1;
+    }
+    if (pthread_join(tid, 0) != 0) {
+	return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    pid_t pid;
+    if (use_threads()) return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    pid = fork();
+
+    if (pid) {
+	int loc;
+	sleep(1);
+	if (waitpid(pid, &loc, WNOHANG) == 0) {
+	    kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+	    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	}
+        if (!WIFEXITED(loc) || WEXITSTATUS(loc) != EXIT_SUCCESS)
+           return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+    else {
+	if (use_threads()) return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}]])],
+	rb_cv_fork_with_pthread=yes,
+	rb_cv_fork_with_pthread=no,
+	rb_cv_fork_with_pthread=yes)])
+    test x$rb_cv_fork_with_pthread = xyes || AC_DEFINE(CANNOT_FORK_WITH_PTHREAD)
+])
+}
+
+: "runtime section" && {
+dnl wheather use dln_a_out or not
+AC_ARG_WITH(dln-a-out,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-dln-a-out], [use dln_a_out if possible]),
+	[
+	AS_CASE([$withval],
+	[yes], [
+	    AS_IF([test "$enable_shared" = yes], [
+		AC_MSG_ERROR(dln_a_out can not make shared library)
+	    ])
+	    with_dln_a_out=yes],
+	[
+	    with_dln_a_out=no])], [with_dln_a_out=no])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether ELF binaries are produced, rb_cv_binary_elf,
+[AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]], [[]])],[
+AS_CASE(["`head -1 conftest$EXEEXT | tr -dc '\177ELF' | tr '\177' .`"],
+[.ELF*], [rb_cv_binary_elf=yes], [rb_cv_binary_elf=no])],
+rb_cv_binary_elf=no)])
+
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes], [
+  AC_DEFINE(USE_ELF)
+  AS_IF([test "$with_dln_a_out" = yes], [
+    AC_MSG_ERROR(dln_a_out does not work with ELF)
+  ])
+  AC_CHECK_HEADERS([elf.h elf_abi.h])
+  AS_IF([test $ac_cv_header_elf_h = yes -o $ac_cv_header_elf_abi_h = yes], [
+    AC_LIBOBJ([addr2line])
+    AC_CHECK_LIB([z], [uncompress])
+  ])
+])
+
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS([mach-o/loader.h])
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_header_mach_o_loader_h" = yes], [
+  AC_LIBOBJ([addr2line])
+])
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+[linux* | gnu* | k*bsd*-gnu | bsdi* | kopensolaris*-gnu], [
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = no], [
+	with_dln_a_out=yes
+    ], [
+	LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -rdynamic"
+    ])])
+LIBEXT=a
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(mjit-tabs,
+    AS_HELP_STRING([--without-mjit-tabs], [expand tabs in mjit header]),
+    [AS_IF([test $withval = no], [MJIT_TABS=false])])
+AC_SUBST(MJIT_TABS)dnl
+AC_SUBST(DLDFLAGS)dnl
+AC_SUBST(ARCH_FLAG)dnl
+AC_SUBST(MJIT_HEADER_FLAGS)dnl
+AC_SUBST(MJIT_HEADER_INSTALL_DIR)dnl
+AC_SUBST(MJIT_CC)dnl
+AS_IF([test "$GCC" = "yes"], [
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[aix*],[mjit_std_cflag="-std=gnu99"])
+])
+AC_SUBST(MJIT_CFLAGS, [${MJIT_CFLAGS-"-w ${mjit_std_cflag} ${orig_cflags}"}])dnl
+AC_SUBST(MJIT_OPTFLAGS, [${MJIT_OPTFLAGS-'$(optflags)'}])dnl
+AC_SUBST(MJIT_DEBUGFLAGS, [${MJIT_DEBUGFLAGS-'$(debugflags)'}])dnl
+AC_SUBST(MJIT_LDSHARED)dnl
+
+AC_SUBST(STATIC)dnl
+AC_SUBST(CCDLFLAGS)dnl
+AC_SUBST(LDSHARED)dnl
+AC_SUBST(LDSHAREDXX)dnl
+AC_SUBST(DLEXT)dnl
+AC_SUBST(DLEXT2)dnl
+AC_SUBST(LIBEXT)dnl
+AC_SUBST(ASMEXT, S)dnl
+
+STATIC=
+
+AS_IF([test "$with_dln_a_out" != yes], [
+  rb_cv_dlopen=unknown
+  AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether OS depend dynamic link works)
+  AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [darwin*], [
+      # The -fno-common is needed if we wish to embed the Ruby interpreter
+      # into a plugin module of some project (as opposed to embedding it
+      # within the project's application).  The -I/usr/local/include is
+      # needed because CPP as discovered by configure (cc -E -traditional)
+      # fails to consult /usr/local/include by default.  This causes
+      # mkmf.rb's have_header() to fail if the desired resource happens to be
+      # installed in the /usr/local tree.
+      RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CCDLFLAGS, -fno-common)],
+    [bsdi*|cygwin*|mingw*|aix*|interix*], [ ],
+    [
+      RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CCDLFLAGS, -fPIC)])
+  ], [
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+	[hpux*],          [CCDLFLAGS="$CCDLFLAGS +Z"],
+	[solaris*|irix*], [CCDLFLAGS="$CCDLFLAGS -KPIC"],
+	[sunos*],         [CCDLFLAGS="$CCDLFLAGS -PIC"],
+	[esix*|uxpds*],   [CCDLFLAGS="$CCDLFLAGS -KPIC"],
+	                  [: ${CCDLFLAGS=""}])
+  ])
+
+
+  AC_ARG_ENABLE(rpath,
+       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-rpath], [embed run path into extension libraries.
+       enabled by default on ELF platforms]),
+       [enable_rpath=$enableval], [enable_rpath="$rb_cv_binary_elf"])
+
+  AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+	[hpux*], [	DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS -E"
+			: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -b'}
+			XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS -Wl,-E"
+			: ${LIBPATHENV=SHLIB_PATH}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[solaris*], [	AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+			    : ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
+			    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld" = yes], [
+				LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-E"
+			    ])
+			], [
+			    : ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -G'}
+			])
+			AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_sizeof_voidp" = 8], [
+			    : ${LIBPATHENV=LD_LIBRARY_PATH_64}
+			    : ${PRELOADENV=LD_PRELOAD_64}
+			], [
+			    : ${LIBPATHENV=LD_LIBRARY_PATH_32}
+			    : ${PRELOADENV=LD_PRELOAD_32}
+			])
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[sunos*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -assert nodefinitions'}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[irix*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -shared'}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[sysv4*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -G'}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[nto-qnx*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[esix*|uxpds*], [ : ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -G'}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[osf*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -shared -expect_unresolved "*"'}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[bsdi3*], [	AS_CASE(["$CC"],
+			[*shlicc*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -r'}
+					rb_cv_dlopen=yes])],
+	[linux* | gnu* | k*bsd*-gnu | netbsd* | bsdi* | kopensolaris*-gnu | haiku*], [
+			: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
+			AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes], [
+			    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-export-dynamic"
+			])
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[interix*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
+			XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS -Wl,-E"
+			LIBPATHFLAG=" -L%1\$-s"
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[freebsd*|dragonfly*], [
+			: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
+			AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes], [
+			    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -rdynamic"
+			    DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-soname,$@'
+			], [
+			  test "$GCC" = yes && test "$rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld" = yes || LDSHARED='$(LD) -Bshareable'
+			])
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[openbsd*|mirbsd*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared ${CCDLFLAGS}'}
+			AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes], [
+			    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-E"
+			])
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[darwin*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -dynamic -bundle'}
+			: ${DLDSHARED='$(CC) -dynamiclib'}
+			: ${LDFLAGS=""}
+			: ${LIBPATHENV=DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH}
+			: ${PRELOADENV=DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+        [aix*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC)'}
+			AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+			    LDSHARED="$LDSHARED ${linker_flag}-G -shared"
+			], [
+			    LDSHARED="$LDSHARED ${linker_flag}-G"
+			])
+			EXTDLDFLAGS='-e$(TARGET_ENTRY)'
+			XLDFLAGS="${linker_flag}"'-bE:$(ARCHFILE)'" ${linker_flag}-brtl"
+			XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS ${linker_flag}-blibpath:${prefix}/lib:${LIBPATH:-/usr/lib:/lib}"
+			: ${ARCHFILE="ruby.imp"}
+                        TRY_LINK='$(CC) -oconftest $(INCFLAGS) -I$(hdrdir) $(CPPFLAGS)'
+                        TRY_LINK="$TRY_LINK"' $(CFLAGS) $(src) $(LIBPATH) $(LDFLAGS) $(LOCAL_LIBS) $(LIBS)'
+			: ${LIBPATHENV=LIBPATH}
+			: ${PRELOADENV=LDR_PRELOAD}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[nto-qnx*], [	DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS -L/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/lib"
+			: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -Bshareable -x'}
+			LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -L/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/lib"
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[cygwin*|mingw*], [
+			: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
+			XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS -Wl,--stack,0x00200000,--enable-auto-import"
+			DLDFLAGS="${DLDFLAGS} -Wl,--enable-auto-image-base,--enable-auto-import"
+			: ${LIBPATHENV=PATH}
+			: ${PRELOADENV=""}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[hiuxmpp], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -r'}],
+	[atheos*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[	: ${LDSHARED='$(LD)'}])
+  AC_MSG_RESULT($rb_cv_dlopen)
+
+  AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_dlopen" = yes], [
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+      [darwin*], [
+	for flag in \
+	  "-undefined dynamic_lookup" \
+	  "-multiply_defined suppress" \
+	  ; do
+	  test "x${linker_flag}" = x || flag="${linker_flag}`echo ${flag} | tr ' ' ,`"
+	  RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([$flag], [], [flag=])
+	  AS_IF([test "x$flag" != x], [
+	    RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(DLDFLAGS, [$flag])
+	  ])
+	done
+      ])
+  ])
+
+  AS_IF([test "$enable_rpath:${RPATHFLAG}" = yes:], [
+      AS_IF([test "x$rpathflag" != x], [
+	  RPATHFLAG=" ${rpathflag}%1\$-s"
+      ])
+  ])
+])
+AS_IF([test "${LDSHAREDXX}" = ""], [
+    AS_CASE(["${LDSHARED}"],
+	[*'$(CC)'*], [
+	    LDSHAREDXX=`echo "${LDSHARED}" | sed 's/\$(CC)/$(CXX)/'`
+	    ],
+	[*'${CC}'*], [
+	    LDSHAREDXX=`echo "${LDSHARED}" | sed 's/\${CC}/${CXX}/'`
+	    ],
+	[*$CC*], [
+	    LDSHAREDXX=`echo "${LDSHARED}" | sed "s|$CC|$CXX|"`
+	    ],
+	[ld" "*], [
+	    ])
+])
+AS_CASE([${RPATHFLAG}],[*'%1$'*],[: ${LIBPATHFLAG=' -L%1$-s'}],[: ${LIBPATHFLAG=' -L%s'}])
+
+AC_SUBST(LINK_SO)
+AC_SUBST(LIBPATHFLAG)
+AC_SUBST(RPATHFLAG)
+AC_SUBST(LIBPATHENV, "${LIBPATHENV-LD_LIBRARY_PATH}")
+AC_SUBST(PRELOADENV, "${PRELOADENV-LD_PRELOAD}")
+AC_SUBST(TRY_LINK)
+
+AS_IF([test "x$OPT_DIR" != x], [
+    pat=`echo "${LDFLAGS_OPTDIR}" | sed ['s/[][\\.*|]/\\\\&/']`
+    LDFLAGS=`echo "${LDFLAGS}" | sed "s| ${pat}||"`
+    val=`IFS="$PATH_SEPARATOR"
+        for dir in $OPT_DIR; do
+            echo x ${LIBPATHFLAG} ${RPATHFLAG} |
+            sed "s/^x *//;s${IFS}"'%1\\$-s'"${IFS}${dir}/lib${IFS}g;s${IFS}%s${IFS}${dir}/lib${IFS}g"
+        done | tr '\012' ' ' | sed 's/ *$//'`
+    AS_IF([test x"$val" != x], [
+	test x"${LDFLAGS}" = x || LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS "
+	LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS$val"
+	test x"${DLDFLAGS}" = x || DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS "
+	DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS$val"
+    ])
+    LDFLAGS_OPTDIR="$val"
+])
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+[freebsd*], [
+    AC_CHECK_LIB([procstat], [procstat_open_sysctl])
+    AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_lib_procstat_procstat_open_sysctl" = xyes], [
+	AC_CHECK_FUNCS(procstat_getvmmap)
+    ])
+    ])
+AS_CASE(["$target_cpu-$target_os"],
+[*-darwin*], [
+    AC_CHECK_HEADERS([libproc.h])
+    AC_CHECK_HEADERS([execinfo.h])
+    AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_header_execinfo_h" = xyes], [
+	AC_CHECK_LIB([execinfo], [backtrace])
+	AC_CHECK_HEADERS([libunwind.h])
+    ])],
+[*-freebsd*|x86_64-netbsd*], [
+    AC_CHECK_HEADERS([execinfo.h])
+    AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_header_execinfo_h" = xyes], [
+	AC_CHECK_LIB([execinfo], [backtrace])
+	AC_CHECK_LIB([unwind], [unw_backtrace])
+    ])])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(backtrace)
+
+AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_func_backtrace" = xyes], [
+  AC_CACHE_CHECK(for broken backtrace, rb_cv_broken_backtrace,
+    [AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <execinfo.h>
+
+]`grep '^@%:@ *define  *RUBY_SIGALTSTACK_SIZE' ${srcdir}/signal.c`[
+#define TRACE_SIZE 256
+
+void sigsegv(int signum, siginfo_t *info, void *ctx){
+    void *trace[TRACE_SIZE];
+    int n = backtrace(trace, TRACE_SIZE);
+    if (n > 0) {
+	/*fprintf(stdout, "backtrace:%d\n",n);*/
+    } else {
+	_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+}
+int
+main(void)
+{
+    volatile int *a = NULL;
+    stack_t ss;
+    struct sigaction sa;
+
+    ss.ss_sp = malloc(RUBY_SIGALTSTACK_SIZE);
+    if (ss.ss_sp == NULL) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "cannot allocate memory for sigaltstack\n");
+	return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+    ss.ss_size = RUBY_SIGALTSTACK_SIZE;
+    ss.ss_flags = 0;
+    if (sigaltstack(&ss, NULL) == -1) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "sigaltstack failed\n");
+	return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+    memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(struct sigaction));
+    sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
+    sa.sa_sigaction = sigsegv;
+    sa.sa_flags |= SA_SIGINFO;
+    sa.sa_flags |= SA_ONSTACK;
+    sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sa, NULL);
+    a[0] = 1;
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+]])],
+	rb_cv_broken_backtrace=no,
+	rb_cv_broken_backtrace=yes,
+	rb_cv_broken_backtrace=no)])
+  AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_broken_backtrace" = yes], [
+    AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_BACKTRACE, 1)
+  ])
+])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(valgrind,
+        AS_HELP_STRING([--without-valgrind],[disable valgrind memcheck support]),
+        [], with_valgrind=yes)
+AS_IF([test x$with_valgrind != xno],
+        [AC_CHECK_HEADERS(valgrind/memcheck.h)])
+
+dln_a_out_works=no
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_header_a_out_h" = yes], [
+  AS_IF([test "$with_dln_a_out" = yes || test "$rb_cv_dlopen" = unknown], [
+    cat confdefs.h > config.h
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether matz's dln works, rb_cv_dln_a_out,
+    [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+#define USE_DLN_A_OUT
+#include "dln.c"
+]], [[]])],
+	rb_cv_dln_a_out=yes,
+	rb_cv_dln_a_out=no)])
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_dln_a_out" = yes], [
+      dln_a_out_works=yes
+      AC_DEFINE(USE_DLN_A_OUT)
+    ])
+  ])
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "$dln_a_out_works" = yes], [
+  AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+    STATIC=-static
+  ], [
+    STATIC=-Bstatic
+  ])
+  DLEXT=so
+  CCDLFLAGS=
+], [
+  AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [hpux*], [
+	DLEXT=sl],
+    [darwin*], [
+	SOEXT=dylib
+	DLEXT=bundle],
+    [cygwin*|mingw*|*djgpp*], [
+	LOAD_RELATIVE=1
+	SOEXT=dll
+	DLEXT=so],
+    [
+	DLEXT=so])
+])
+: ${SOEXT="${DLEXT}"}
+AC_SUBST(SOEXT)
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_dlopen:$load_relative" = yes:yes], [
+    AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_dladdr" = yes], [
+	LOAD_RELATIVE=1
+    ])
+])
+AS_IF([test x"$LOAD_RELATIVE" = x1], [
+    load_relative=yes
+], [
+    unset load_relative
+])
+
+len=2 # .rb
+n=`expr "$DLEXT"  : '.*'`; test "$n" -gt "$len" && len=$n
+n=`expr "$DLEXT2" : '.*'`; test "$n" -gt "$len" && len=$n
+AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DLEXT_MAXLEN, `expr $len + 1`)
+test ".$DLEXT"  = "." || AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DLEXT,  ".$DLEXT")
+test ".$DLEXT2" = "." || AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DLEXT2, ".$DLEXT2")
+AC_SUBST(DLEXT)
+
+AS_IF([test "$with_dln_a_out" = yes], [
+  STRIP=true
+], [
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for $STRIP flags])
+    AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM], [AS_IF(
+        ["${STRIP}" -A -n conftest$ac_exeext 2>/dev/null], [
+            AC_MSG_RESULT([-A -n])
+            STRIP="${STRIP} -A -n"
+        ],
+        ["${STRIP}" -S -x conftest$ac_exeext 2>/dev/null], [
+            AC_MSG_RESULT([-S -x])
+            STRIP="${STRIP} -S -x"
+        ], [
+            AC_MSG_RESULT([none needed])
+        ])
+    ])
+])
+
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(ext,
+            AS_HELP_STRING([--with-ext=EXTS],
+                           [pass to --with-ext option of extmk.rb]))
+AC_ARG_WITH(out-ext,
+            AS_HELP_STRING([--with-out-ext=EXTS],
+                           [pass to --without-ext option of extmk.rb]))
+EXTSTATIC=
+AC_SUBST(EXTSTATIC)dnl
+AC_ARG_WITH(static-linked-ext,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-static-linked-ext], [link external modules statically]),
+            [AS_CASE([$withval],[yes],[STATIC=;EXTSTATIC=static],[no],[],[EXTSTATIC="$withval"])])
+AS_CASE([",$EXTSTATIC,"], [,static,|*,enc,*], [
+  ENCOBJS='enc/encinit.$(OBJEXT) enc/libenc.$(LIBEXT) enc/libtrans.$(LIBEXT)'
+  EXTOBJS='ext/extinit.$(OBJEXT)'
+  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(EXTSTATIC, 1)
+  AC_SUBST(ENCSTATIC, static)
+], [
+  ENCOBJS='dmyenc.$(OBJEXT)'
+  EXTOBJS='dmyext.$(OBJEXT)'
+])
+AC_SUBST(ENCOBJS)
+AC_SUBST(EXTOBJS)
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(setup,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-setup=SETUP], [use extension libraries setup]),
+	    [setup=$withval])
+AS_IF([test -n "$setup"], [
+    AS_IF([! test -f "ext/$setup" -o -f "$srcdir/ext/$setup"], [
+	AC_MSG_ERROR(Setup file $setup not found under ext or $srcdir/ext)
+    ])
+], [test -f "$srcdir/ext/Setup.$target_os"], [
+    setup="Setup.$target_os"
+], [
+    setup=
+    for file in "$srcdir"/ext/Setup.*; do
+	AS_CASE(["$file"], [*~|*.bak|*.orig|*.rej|*.tmp], [continue])
+	setup=`basename "$file"`
+	AS_CASE(["$target_os"], [`expr "$setup" : 'Setup.\(.*\)'`*], [break])
+	platform=`sed '/^option  *platform  */!d;s///;s/|/*|/g;q' "$file"`
+	AS_IF([test "x$platform" != x], [
+	    eval "AS_CASE([\"\$target_os\"], [$platform*], [break])"
+	])
+	setup=
+    done
+    : ${setup:=Setup}
+])
+AC_SUBST(setup)
+
+rubylibprefix='${libdir}/${RUBY_BASE_NAME}'
+AC_ARG_WITH(rubylibprefix,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rubylibprefix=DIR], [prefix for ruby libraries [[LIBDIR/RUBY_BASE_NAME]]]),
+	    [AS_IF([test "x$withval" = xno], [
+		AC_MSG_ERROR([No ruby, No libprefix])
+	    ])
+	    rubylibprefix="$withval"])
+AC_SUBST(rubylibprefix)
+
+AS_IF([test x"${exec_prefix}" != xNONE], [
+    RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX="$exec_prefix"
+], [test x"$prefix" != xNONE], [
+    RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX="$prefix"
+], [
+    RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX=$ac_default_prefix
+])
+pat=`echo "${RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX}" | tr -c '\012' .`'\(.*\)'
+for var in bindir libdir rubylibprefix; do
+    eval val='"$'$var'"'
+    AS_CASE(["$val"], ["${RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX}"*], [val='${exec_prefix}'"`expr \"$val\" : \"$pat\"`"])
+    eval $var='"$val"'
+done
+
+BTESTRUBY='$(MINIRUBY)'
+BOOTSTRAPRUBY='$(BASERUBY)'
+AS_IF([test x"$cross_compiling" = xyes], [
+  test x"$MINIRUBY" = x && MINIRUBY="${RUBY-$BASERUBY} -I`$CHDIR .; pwd` "-r'$(arch)-fake'
+  XRUBY_LIBDIR=`${RUBY-$BASERUBY} -rrbconfig -e ['puts RbConfig::CONFIG["libdir"]']`
+  XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR=`${RUBY-$BASERUBY} -rrbconfig -e ['puts RbConfig::CONFIG["rubylibdir"]']`
+  XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR=`${RUBY-$BASERUBY} -rrbconfig -e ['puts RbConfig::CONFIG["rubyhdrdir"]']`
+  AC_SUBST(XRUBY_LIBDIR)
+  AC_SUBST(XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR)
+  AC_SUBST(XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR)
+  PREP='$(arch)-fake.rb'
+  RUNRUBY_COMMAND='$(MINIRUBY) -I`cd $(srcdir)/lib; pwd`'
+  RUNRUBY='$(RUNRUBY_COMMAND)'
+  XRUBY='$(MINIRUBY)'
+  TEST_RUNNABLE=no
+  CROSS_COMPILING=yes
+  AC_DEFINE(CROSS_COMPILING, 1)
+], [
+  MINIRUBY='./miniruby$(EXEEXT) -I$(srcdir)/lib -I.'
+  MINIRUBY="$MINIRUBY"' -I$(EXTOUT)/common'
+  PREP='miniruby$(EXEEXT)'
+  RUNRUBY_COMMAND='$(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/runruby.rb --extout=$(EXTOUT) $(RUNRUBYOPT)'
+  RUNRUBY='$(RUNRUBY_COMMAND) --'
+  XRUBY='$(RUNRUBY)'
+  AS_CASE(["$HAVE_BASERUBY:$build_os"], [no:*|*:mingw*], [BOOTSTRAPRUBY='$(MINIRUBY)'])
+  TEST_RUNNABLE=yes
+  CROSS_COMPILING=no
+])
+AC_SUBST(TEST_RUNNABLE)
+AC_SUBST(CROSS_COMPILING)
+AC_SUBST(MINIRUBY)
+AC_SUBST(BTESTRUBY)
+AC_SUBST(PREP)
+AC_SUBST(RUNRUBY_COMMAND)
+AC_SUBST(RUNRUBY)
+AC_SUBST(XRUBY)
+AC_SUBST(BOOTSTRAPRUBY)
+AC_SUBST(EXTOUT, [${EXTOUT=.ext}])
+
+FIRSTMAKEFILE=""
+LIBRUBY_A='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME)-static.a'
+LIBRUBY='$(LIBRUBY_A)'
+LIBRUBYARG_STATIC='-l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)-static'
+LIBRUBYARG='$(LIBRUBYARG_STATIC)'
+SOLIBS='$(MAINLIBS)'
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+  [cygwin*|mingw*|haiku*|darwin*], [
+    : ${DLDLIBS=""}
+    ],
+  [
+    DLDLIBS="$DLDLIBS -lc"
+    ])
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(multiarch,
+	      AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-multiarch], [enable multiarch compatible directories]),
+	      [multiarch=], [unset multiarch])
+AS_IF([test ${multiarch+set}], [
+   AC_DEFINE(ENABLE_MULTIARCH)
+   MJIT_HEADER_INSTALL_DIR=include/'${arch}/${RUBY_VERSION_NAME}'
+], [
+   MJIT_HEADER_INSTALL_DIR=include/'${RUBY_VERSION_NAME}/${arch}'
+])
+
+archlibdir='${libdir}/${arch}'
+sitearchlibdir='${libdir}/${sitearch}'
+archincludedir='${includedir}/${arch}'
+sitearchincludedir='${includedir}/${sitearch}'
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(soname,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-soname=SONAME], [base name of shared library]),
+	[RUBY_SO_NAME=$withval],
+	[
+	    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+	    [darwin*], [
+	        RUBY_SO_NAME='$(RUBY_BASE_NAME).$(RUBY_API_VERSION)'
+	    ],
+	    [cygwin*], [
+	        RUBY_SO_NAME='$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)0'
+	    ],
+	    [mingw*], [
+		RUBY_SO_NAME="${rb_cv_msvcrt}"'-$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)0'
+		AS_IF([test x"${target_cpu}" != xi386], [
+		    RUBY_SO_NAME="${target_cpu}-${RUBY_SO_NAME}"
+		])
+	    ],
+	    [RUBY_SO_NAME='$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)'])
+	])
+
+LIBRUBY_LDSHARED=${DLDSHARED=${LDSHARED}}
+LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS=$DLDFLAGS
+LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT).$(RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION)'
+LIBRUBY_SONAME='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT).$(RUBY_API_VERSION)'
+LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT)'
+ENABLE_SHARED=no
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(shared,
+       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-shared], [build a shared library for Ruby]),
+       [enable_shared=$enableval])
+libprefix=${multiarch+'$(archlibdir)'}${multiarch-'$(libdir)'}
+LIBRUBY_RELATIVE=${load_relative-no}
+AS_CASE("$enable_shared", [yes], [
+  LIBRUBY='$(LIBRUBY_SO)'
+  LIBRUBYARG_SHARED='-l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'
+  LIBRUBYARG='$(LIBRUBYARG_SHARED)'
+  LIBRUBY_RELATIVE=no
+  test -z "$CCDLFLAGS" || CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $CCDLFLAGS"
+  ENABLE_SHARED=yes
+
+  # libdir can be overridden in config.site file (on OpenSUSE at least).
+  libdir_basename=lib
+  AS_IF([test "$bindir" = '${exec_prefix}/bin'], [
+    AS_CASE(["$libdir"], ['${exec_prefix}/'*], [libdir_basename=`basename "$libdir"`])
+  ])
+  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(LIBDIR_BASENAME, ["${libdir_basename}"])
+  libdir_basename="${libdir_basename}"${multiarch+'/${arch}'}
+
+  RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([${linker_flag}--no-as-needed], [no_as_needed=yes], [no_as_needed=no])
+  AS_IF([test "$no_as_needed" = yes], [
+      RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(LDFLAGS, [${linker_flag}--no-as-needed])
+  ])
+
+  AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [freebsd*|dragonfly*], [],
+    [
+     AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+       RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([${linker_flag}--no-undefined], [no_undefined=yes], [no_undefined=no])
+       AS_IF([test "no_undefined" = yes], [
+	  RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(EXTLDFLAGS, [${linker_flag}--no-undefined])
+       ])
+     ])
+    ])
+
+  AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [sunos4*], [
+	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='$(LIBRUBY_SONAME) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT)'
+	],
+    [linux* | gnu* | k*bsd*-gnu | atheos* | kopensolaris*-gnu | haiku*], [
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS, ['-Wl,-soname,$(LIBRUBY_SONAME)' "$LDFLAGS_OPTDIR"])
+	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='$(LIBRUBY_SONAME) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT)'
+	AS_IF([test "$load_relative" = yes], [
+	    libprefix="'\$\${ORIGIN}/../${libdir_basename}'"
+	    LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath,${libprefix}"
+	    LIBRUBY_RELATIVE=yes
+	])
+	],
+    [freebsd*|dragonfly*], [
+	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT).$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)'
+	LIBRUBY_SONAME='$(LIBRUBY_SO)'
+	AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" != "yes" ], [
+	    LIBRUBY_SO="$LIBRUBY_SO.\$(TEENY)"
+	    LIBRUBY_ALIASES=''
+	])
+	],
+    [netbsd*], [
+	LIBRUBY_SONAME='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT).$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)'
+	LIBRUBY_SO="${LIBRUBY_SONAME}"'.$(TEENY)'
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS, ['-Wl,-soname,$(LIBRUBY_SONAME)' "$LDFLAGS_OPTDIR"])
+	AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes], [ # ELF platforms
+	   LIBRUBY_ALIASES='$(LIBRUBY_SONAME) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT)'
+	], [	# a.out platforms
+	   LIBRUBY_ALIASES=""
+	])
+	],
+    [openbsd*|mirbsd*], [
+	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT).$(MAJOR).'`expr ${MINOR} \* 10 + ${TEENY}`
+	],
+    [solaris*], [
+	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT).$(MAJOR)'
+	LIBRUBY_SONAME='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT).$(RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION)'
+	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='$(LIBRUBY_SONAME) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT)'
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS, ["${linker_flag}-h${linker_flag:+,}"'$(@F)'])
+	XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS "'-R${libdir}'
+	],
+    [hpux*], [
+	XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS "'-Wl,+s,+b,$(libdir)'
+	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='$(LIBRUBY_SONAME) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT)'
+	],
+    [aix*], [
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS, ["${linker_flag}-bnoentry" "$XLDFLAGS" "$LDFLAGS_OPTDIR"])
+	LIBRUBYARG_SHARED='-L${libdir} -l${RUBY_SO_NAME}'
+	LIBS="$LIBS -lm -lc"
+	],
+    [darwin*], [
+	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT)'
+	LIBRUBY_SONAME='$(LIBRUBY_SO)'
+	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).$(SOEXT)'
+	AS_IF([test "$load_relative" = yes], [
+	    libprefix="@executable_path/../${libdir_basename}"
+	    LIBRUBY_RELATIVE=yes
+	])
+	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS -install_name ${libprefix}"'/$(LIBRUBY_SONAME)'
+	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-compatibility_version $(RUBY_API_VERSION)'
+	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-current_version $(RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION)'
+	AS_IF([test "$visibility_option" = ld], [
+	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-unexported_symbol,_Init_*'
+	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-unexported_symbol,_ruby_static_id_*'
+	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-unexported_symbol,*_threadptr_*'
+	])
+	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "' $(XLDFLAGS)'
+	],
+    [interix*], [
+	LIBRUBYARG_SHARED='-L. -L${libdir} -l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'
+	],
+    [mingw*|cygwin*|mswin*], [
+	LIBRUBY_RELATIVE=yes
+	])
+], [
+  LIBRUBYARG_SHARED=
+
+  # enable PIE if possible
+  AC_ARG_ENABLE(pie,
+          AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-pie], [disable PIE feature]),
+          [pie=$enableval], [pie=])
+  AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes -a -z "$EXTSTATIC" -a "x$pie" != xno], [
+    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-fPIE, [pie=yes], [pie=no])
+    AS_IF([test "$pie" = yes], [
+      # Use -fPIE when testing -pie.  RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS sets
+      # $save_CFLAGS internally, so set other name here.
+      save_CFLAGS_before_pie="$CFLAGS"
+      CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -fPIE"
+
+      # gcc need -pie but clang need -Wl,-pie.
+      for pie in -pie -Wl,-pie; do
+	RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([$pie], [], [pie=])
+	AS_IF([test "x$pie" != x], [
+	  RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -fPIE)
+	  RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XLDFLAGS, $pie)
+	  break
+	])
+      done
+      CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS_before_pie"
+    ])
+  ])
+])
+AS_IF([test "$enable_rpath" = yes], [
+    test -z "$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS" || LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS "
+    rpathflag="${RPATHFLAG}"
+    AS_CASE(["${cross_compiling}${load_relative}"], [*yes*], [], [rpathflag="$RPATHFLAG$LIBPATHFLAG"])
+    rpathflag=`IFS="$PATH_SEPARATOR"
+        echo x "$rpathflag" |
+        sed "s/^x *//;s${IFS}"'%1\\$-s'"${IFS}${libprefix}${IFS}g;s${IFS}%s${IFS}${libprefix}${IFS}g"
+    `
+    LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS${rpathflag}"
+    LIBRUBYARG_SHARED="$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS $LIBRUBYARG_SHARED"
+    LIBRUBYARG_STATIC="$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS $LIBRUBYARG_STATIC"
+])
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_RELATIVE)
+
+LDFLAGS="-L. $LDFLAGS"
+AC_SUBST(ARCHFILE)
+
+AS_IF([test "$EXEEXT" = .exe], [
+    EXECUTABLE_EXTS='".exe",".com",".cmd",".bat"'
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(EXECUTABLE_EXTS, $EXECUTABLE_EXTS)
+    EXECUTABLE_EXTS=`echo $EXECUTABLE_EXTS | tr -d '"' | tr , ' '`
+    AC_SUBST(EXECUTABLE_EXTS)
+])
+
+AS_CASE("$cross_compiling:${LIBPATHENV}", [yes:* | no:], [], [
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether wrapper for $LIBPATHENV is needed)
+    AS_IF([env ${LIBPATHENV}=/lib /bin/sh -c ': ${'${LIBPATHENV}'?}' 2>/dev/null],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT(no)],
+	[PREP="$PREP"' exe/$(PROGRAM)'
+	AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)]
+    )
+])
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(dtrace,
+        AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dtrace],
+        [enable DTrace for tracing inside ruby. enabled by default on systems having dtrace]),
+        [enable_dtrace=$enableval], [enable_dtrace=auto])
+
+LIBRUBY_A_OBJS='$(OBJS)'
+DTRACE_REBUILD=
+AS_CASE(["${enable_dtrace}"],
+[yes|auto], [
+    RUBY_DTRACE_AVAILABLE()
+], [
+    rb_cv_dtrace_available=no
+])
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[freebsd*],[
+         rb_cv_dtrace_available=no
+	 ])
+AS_IF([test "${enable_dtrace}" = yes], [dnl
+    AS_IF([test -z "$DTRACE"], [dnl
+	AC_MSG_ERROR([dtrace(1) is missing])
+    ], [test "$cross_compiling" = yes], [dnl
+	AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-dtrace, however, cross compiling])
+    ], [test "${rb_cv_dtrace_available}" = "no"], [dnl
+       AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-dtrace, however, USDT is not available])
+    ])
+])
+AS_CASE([$rb_cv_dtrace_available],
+[yes*], [dnl
+    RUBY_DTRACE_POSTPROCESS()
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_prog_dtrace_g" != no], [dnl
+	DTRACE_OBJ='probes.$(OBJEXT)'
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_prog_dtrace_g" = rebuild], [dnl
+	DTRACE_REBUILD=yes
+	LIBRUBY_A_OBJS='$(DTRACE_GLOMMED_OBJ)'
+    ])
+    AS_CASE("${target_os}", [freebsd*], [dnl
+        # FreeBSD's dtrace requires libelf
+        LIBS="-lelf $LIBS"
+    ])
+    DTRACE_EXT=d
+], [dnl
+    enable_dtrace=no
+    DTRACE_EXT=dmyh
+])
+AC_SUBST(DTRACE_EXT)
+AC_SUBST(DTRACE_OBJ)
+AC_SUBST(DTRACE_REBUILD)
+AC_SUBST(DTRACE_OPT)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_A_OBJS)
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(gcov,
+       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-gcov], [enable coverage measurement by gcov]),
+       [gcov=yes])
+AS_IF([test x"$gcov" = xyes], [
+    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -coverage"
+    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -coverage"
+])
+
+RUBY_SETJMP_TYPE
+}
+
+: "build section" && {
+dnl build rdoc index if requested
+RDOCTARGET=""
+CAPITARGET=""
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(install-doc,
+       AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-install-doc], [do not install either rdoc indexes or C API documents during install]),
+       [install_doc=$enableval], [install_doc=yes])
+AC_ARG_WITH(rdoc,
+      AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rdoc=ri,html], [comma/space separated list of RDoc formats to install]),
+      [install_rdoc=`echo ,$withval, | sed 'y/,/ /;s/ ri / rdoc /;s/^ *//;s/ *$//'`], [
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(install-rdoc,
+      AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-install-rdoc], [do not install rdoc indexes during install]),
+      [install_rdoc=$enableval], [install_rdoc=yes])
+])
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(install-capi,
+      AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-install-capi], [do not install C API documents during install]),
+      [install_capi=$enableval], [install_capi=no])
+
+AS_IF([test "$install_doc" != no], [
+    AS_CASE(["$install_rdoc"],
+    [yes], [
+	RDOCTARGET="rdoc"
+    ],
+    [all], [
+	RDOCTARGET="rdoc html"
+    ],
+    [no|''], [
+	RDOCTARGET="nodoc"
+    ],
+    [
+	RDOCTARGET="$install_rdoc"
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test "$install_capi" != no -a -n "$DOXYGEN"], [
+	CAPITARGET="capi"
+    ], [
+	CAPITARGET="nodoc"
+    ])
+], [
+    RDOCTARGET="nodoc"
+    CAPITARGET="nodoc"
+])
+
+AC_SUBST(RDOCTARGET)
+AC_SUBST(CAPITARGET)
+
+AS_CASE(["$RDOCTARGET:$CAPITARGET"],[nodoc:nodoc],[INSTALLDOC=nodoc],[INSTALLDOC=all])
+AC_SUBST(INSTALLDOC)
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(jit-support,
+        AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-jit-support], [disable JIT features]),
+        [MJIT_SUPPORT=$enableval
+         AS_IF([test x"$enable_jit_support" = "xyes"],
+                 [AC_DEFINE(USE_MJIT, 1)],
+                 [AC_DEFINE(USE_MJIT, 0)])],
+        [MJIT_SUPPORT=yes
+         AC_DEFINE(USE_MJIT, 1)])
+
+AC_SUBST(MJIT_SUPPORT)
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(install-static-library,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-install-static-library], [do not install static ruby library]),
+	[INSTALL_STATIC_LIBRARY=$enableval],
+	AS_IF([test x"$enable_shared" = xyes],
+	    [INSTALL_STATIC_LIBRARY=no],
+	    [INSTALL_STATIC_LIBRARY=yes]))
+AC_SUBST(INSTALL_STATIC_LIBRARY)
+
+AS_IF([test "$rb_with_pthread" = "yes"], [
+    THREAD_MODEL=pthread
+])
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([for prefix of external symbols], rb_cv_symbol_prefix, [
+    AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[extern void conftest_external(void) {}]], [[]])],[
+	rb_cv_symbol_prefix=`$NM conftest.$ac_objext |
+			     sed -n ['/.*T[ 	]\([^ 	]*\)conftest_external.*/!d;s//\1/p;q']`
+	],
+	[rb_cv_symbol_prefix=''])
+    test -n "$rb_cv_symbol_prefix" || rb_cv_symbol_prefix=NONE
+])
+SYMBOL_PREFIX="$rb_cv_symbol_prefix"
+test "x$SYMBOL_PREFIX" = xNONE && SYMBOL_PREFIX=''
+DLNOBJ=dln.o
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(dln,
+	      AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-dln], [disable dynamic link feature]),
+	      [test "$enableval" = yes || DLNOBJ=dmydln.o])
+AC_SUBST(DLNOBJ)
+MINIDLNOBJ=dmydln.o
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [linux*], [
+	],
+    [netbsd*], [
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CFLAGS, -pipe)
+	],
+    [darwin*], [
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CFLAGS, -pipe)
+	AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([
+	    AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([@%:@include <AvailabilityMacros.h>],
+		[MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7])],
+	    [dnl
+		RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XLDFLAGS, [-framework Security])
+		RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(LIBRUBYARG_STATIC, [-framework Security])
+	    ]dnl
+	)
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XLDFLAGS, [-framework Foundation])
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(LIBRUBYARG_STATIC, [-framework Foundation])
+	],
+    [osf*], [
+	AS_IF([test "$GCC" != "yes" ], [
+	  # compile something small: taint.c is fine for this.
+	  # the main point is the '-v' flag of 'cc'.
+	  AS_CASE(["`cc -v -I. -c main.c -o /tmp/main.o 2>&1`"],
+	  [*/gemc_cc*], [   # we have the new DEC GEM CC
+                        CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -oldc"
+                        ],
+          [            # we have the old MIPS CC
+                        ])
+	  # cleanup
+	  rm -f /tmp/main.o
+	  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -std"
+	])
+	],
+    [cygwin*|mingw*], [
+	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="${LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS}"' -Wl,--out-implib=$(LIBRUBY)'
+	AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+	[cygwin*], [
+	    AS_IF([test x"$enable_shared" = xyes], [
+		LIBRUBY_SO='cyg$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'.dll
+		LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="${LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS}"' $(RUBYDEF)'
+	    ])
+	    ],
+	[mingw*], [
+	    AS_IF([test x"$enable_shared" = xyes], [
+		LIBRUBY_SO='$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'.dll
+		LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="${LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS}"' $(RUBYDEF)'
+	    ])
+	    EXPORT_PREFIX=' '
+	    DLDFLAGS="${DLDFLAGS}"' $(DEFFILE)'
+	    AC_LIBOBJ([win32/win32])
+	    AC_LIBOBJ([win32/file])
+	    COMMON_LIBS=m
+#	    COMMON_MACROS="WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN="
+	    COMMON_HEADERS="winsock2.h windows.h"
+	    THREAD_MODEL=win32
+	    PLATFORM_DIR=win32
+	    ])
+	LIBRUBY_ALIASES=''
+	FIRSTMAKEFILE=GNUmakefile:cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
+	AS_IF([test x"$enable_shared" = xyes], [
+	    LIBRUBY='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).dll.a'
+	], [
+	    LIBRUBY_SO=dummy
+	    LIBRUBY='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).a'
+	    LIBRUBYARG='-l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'
+	])
+	],
+    [hpux*], [
+	AS_CASE(["$YACC"],[*yacc*], [
+	    XCFLAGS="$XCFLAGS -DYYMAXDEPTH=300"
+	    YACC="$YACC -Nl40000 -Nm40000"
+	])
+])
+
+MINIOBJS="$MINIDLNOBJ"
+
+AS_CASE(["$THREAD_MODEL"],
+[pthread], [AC_CHECK_HEADERS(pthread.h)],
+[win32],   [],
+[""],      [AC_MSG_ERROR(thread model is missing)],
+           [AC_MSG_ERROR(unknown thread model $THREAD_MODEL)])
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(debug-env,
+       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-debug-env], [enable RUBY_DEBUG environment variable]),
+       [AC_SUBST(ENABLE_DEBUG_ENV, yes)])
+
+AS_CASE(["$FIRSTMAKEFILE"], [*GNUmakefile:*], [gnumake=yes], [
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([if ${MAKE-make} is GNU make])
+    mkdir conftest.dir
+    echo "all:; @echo yes" > conftest.dir/GNUmakefile
+    echo "all:; @echo no" > conftest.dir/Makefile
+    gnumake=`(cd conftest.dir; ${MAKE-make})`
+    rm -fr conftest.dir
+    AS_CASE(["$gnumake"],
+    [*yes*], [
+	FIRSTMAKEFILE=GNUmakefile:template/GNUmakefile.in
+	gnumake=yes],
+    [
+	gnumake=no])
+    AC_MSG_RESULT($gnumake)
+])
+AS_IF([test "$gnumake" = yes], [ NULLCMD=: ], [
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for safe null command for ${MAKE-make}])
+    mkdir conftest.dir
+    NULLCMD=
+    for cmd in : true; do
+	echo 'A=1' > conftest.dir/Makefile
+	echo 'B=$(A:1=@'$cmd')' >> conftest.dir/Makefile
+	echo 'all:; $B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9' >> conftest.dir/Makefile
+	AS_IF([(cd conftest.dir; ${MAKE-make} >/dev/null 2>/dev/null)], [
+	    NULLCMD=$cmd
+	    break
+	])
+    done
+    rm -fr conftest.dir
+    AS_IF([test -z "$NULLCMD"], [
+	AC_MSG_ERROR(no candidate for safe null command)
+    ])
+    AC_MSG_RESULT($NULLCMD)
+])
+AC_SUBST(NULLCMD)
+
+AS_IF([test "${universal_binary-no}" = yes ], [
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for architecture macros], rb_cv_architecture_macros, [
+    mv confdefs.h confdefs1.h
+    : > confdefs.h
+    AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@if defined __`echo ${universal_archnames} |
+    sed 's/=[^ ]*//g;s/ /__ || defined __/g'`__
+@%:@else
+@%:@error
+>>>>>><<<<<<
+@%:@endif]], [[]])],[
+    rb_cv_architecture_macros=yes
+    mv -f confdefs1.h confdefs.h
+], [
+    rb_cv_architecture_macros=no
+    archflagpat=`eval echo '"'"${ARCH_FLAG}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g'`
+    new_cflags=`echo "$CFLAGS" | sed "s|$archflagpat"'||'`
+    for archs in ${universal_archnames}; do
+	cpu=${archs@%:@*=}
+	archs=${archs%=*}
+	CFLAGS="$new_cflags -arch $archs"
+	archs="__${archs}__"
+	AC_MSG_CHECKING([for macro ${archs} on ${cpu}])
+	AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@ifndef ${archs}
+@%:@error
+@%:@endif]], [[]])],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])], [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])
+    done
+    mv -f confdefs1.h confdefs.h
+    AC_MSG_ERROR([failed])
+    ])])
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether __ARCHITECTURE__ is available, rb_cv_architecture_available,
+	AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <stdio.h>
+		const char arch[[]] = __ARCHITECTURE__;]], [[puts(arch);]])],
+		[rb_cv_architecture_available=yes], [rb_cv_architecture_available=no]))
+])
+
+: ${MJIT_LDSHARED=`echo "$LDSHARED" | sed ['s|\$(LD)|'"${LD}"'|g;s|\$(CC)|$(MJIT_CC)|g']`}
+
+MAINLIBS="$LIBS"
+LIBS=$ORIG_LIBS
+AS_IF([test -n "${LIBS}"], [
+    libspat=`echo "${LIBS}" | sed 's/[[][|.*$^]]/\\&/g;s/^  */ /;s/^  *$/ /'`
+    MAINFLAGS=`echo " $MAINLIBS " | sed "s|$libspat"'||;s/^ *//;s/ *$//'`
+])
+LIBRUBYARG_STATIC="${LIBRUBYARG_STATIC} \$(MAINLIBS)"
+CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS "'$(DEFS)'
+test -z "$CPPFLAGS" || CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS "; CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS"'${cppflags}'
+AS_IF([test -n "${cflags+set}"], [
+    cflagspat=`eval echo '"'"${cflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^  */ /;s/^  *$/ /'`
+    CFLAGS=`echo " $CFLAGS " | sed "s|$cflagspat"'|${cflags}|;s/^ *//;s/ *$//'`
+])
+AS_IF([test -n "${cxxflags+set}"], [
+    cxxflagspat=`eval echo '"'"${cxxflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^  */ /;s/^  *$/ /'`
+    CXXFLAGS=`echo " $CXXFLAGS " | sed "s|$cxxflagspat"'|${cxxflags}|;s/^ *//;s/ *$//'`
+])
+AS_IF([test "${ARCH_FLAG}"], [
+    archflagpat=`eval echo '"'"${ARCH_FLAG}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g'`
+    CFLAGS=`echo "$CFLAGS" | sed "s| *$archflagpat"'||'`
+    CXXFLAGS=`echo "$CXXFLAGS" | sed "s| *$archflagpat"'||'`
+    LDFLAGS=`echo "$LDFLAGS" | sed "s| *$archflagpat"'||'`
+])
+rb_cv_warnflags=`echo "$rb_cv_warnflags" | sed 's/^ *//;s/ *$//'`
+warnflags="$rb_cv_warnflags"
+AC_SUBST(cppflags)dnl
+AC_SUBST(cflags, ["${orig_cflags:+$orig_cflags }"'${optflags} ${debugflags} ${warnflags}'])dnl
+AC_SUBST(cxxflags)dnl
+AC_SUBST(optflags)dnl
+AC_SUBST(debugflags)dnl
+AC_SUBST(warnflags)dnl
+AC_SUBST(strict_warnflags)dnl
+AC_SUBST(XCFLAGS)dnl
+AC_SUBST(XLDFLAGS)dnl
+AC_SUBST(EXTLDFLAGS)dnl
+AC_SUBST(EXTDLDFLAGS)dnl
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_LDSHARED)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS)
+AC_SUBST(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)
+AC_SUBST(rubyw_install_name)
+AC_SUBST(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME)
+AC_SUBST(RUBY_SO_NAME)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_A)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_SO)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_SONAME)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_ALIASES)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBYARG)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBYARG_STATIC)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBYARG_SHARED)
+AC_SUBST(SOLIBS)
+AC_SUBST(DLDLIBS)
+AC_SUBST(DLDSHARED)
+AC_SUBST(ENABLE_SHARED)
+AC_SUBST(MAINLIBS)
+AC_SUBST(COMMON_LIBS)
+AC_SUBST(COMMON_MACROS)
+AC_SUBST(COMMON_HEADERS)
+AC_SUBST(EXPORT_PREFIX)
+AC_SUBST(SYMBOL_PREFIX)
+AC_SUBST(MINIOBJS)
+AC_SUBST(THREAD_MODEL)
+AC_SUBST(PLATFORM_DIR)
+
+firstmf=`echo $FIRSTMAKEFILE | sed 's/:.*//'`
+firsttmpl=`echo $FIRSTMAKEFILE | sed 's/.*://'`
+MAKEFILES="Makefile $firstmf"
+MAKEFILES="`echo $MAKEFILES`"
+AC_SUBST(MAKEFILES)
+
+ri_prefix=
+test "$program_prefix" != NONE &&
+  ri_prefix=$program_prefix
+
+ri_suffix=
+test "$program_suffix" != NONE &&
+  ri_suffix=$program_suffix
+
+RUBY_INSTALL_NAME="${ri_prefix}"'$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)'"${ri_suffix}"
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+  [cygwin*|mingw*], [
+    RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME="${ri_prefix}"'$(RUBYW_BASE_NAME)'"${ri_suffix}"
+    rubyw_install_name='$(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME)'
+    ])
+
+rubylibdir='${rubylibprefix}/${ruby_version}'
+rubyarchdir=${multiarch+'${rubyarchprefix}/${ruby_version}'}${multiarch-'${rubylibdir}/${arch}'}
+
+rubyarchprefix=${multiarch+'${archlibdir}/${RUBY_BASE_NAME}'}${multiarch-'${rubylibprefix}/${arch}'}
+AC_ARG_WITH(rubyarchprefix,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rubyarchprefix=DIR],
+			   [prefix for architecture dependent ruby libraries [[RUBYLIBPREFIX/ARCH]]]),
+	    [rubyarchprefix="$withval"])
+AC_SUBST(rubyarchprefix)
+
+rubysitearchprefix=${multiarch+'${sitearchlibdir}/${RUBY_BASE_NAME}'}${multiarch-'${rubylibprefix}/${sitearch}'}
+AC_ARG_WITH(rubysitearchprefix,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rubysitearchprefix=DIR],
+			   [prefix for architecture dependent site libraries [[RUBYLIBPREFIX/SITEARCH]]]),
+	    [rubysitearchprefix="$withval"])
+AC_SUBST(rubysitearchprefix)
+
+RI_BASE_NAME=`echo ${RUBY_BASE_NAME} | sed 's/ruby/ri/'`
+ridir='${datarootdir}/${RI_BASE_NAME}'
+AC_ARG_WITH(ridir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-ridir=DIR], [ri documentation [[DATAROOTDIR/ri]]]),
+	    [ridir=$withval])
+AC_SUBST(ridir)
+AC_SUBST(RI_BASE_NAME)
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(ruby-version,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-ruby-version=STR], [ruby version string for version specific directories [[full]] (full|minor|STR)]),
+            [ruby_version=$withval],
+            [ruby_version=full])
+unset RUBY_LIB_VERSION
+unset RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE
+AS_CASE(["$ruby_version"],
+  [full],  [RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE='3	/* full */'],
+  [minor], [RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE='2	/* minor */'])
+AS_IF([test ${RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE+set}], [
+    {
+    echo "#define RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE $RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE"
+    echo '#define STRINGIZE(x) x'
+    test -f revision.h -o -f "${srcdir}/revision.h" || echo '#define RUBY_REVISION 0'
+    echo '#include "version.h"'
+    echo 'ruby_version=RUBY_LIB_VERSION'
+    } > conftest.c
+    ruby_version="`$CPP -I. -I"${srcdir}" -I"${srcdir}/include" conftest.c | sed '/^ruby_version=/!d;s/ //g'`"
+    eval $ruby_version
+], [test -z "${ruby_version}"], [
+    AC_MSG_ERROR([No ruby version, No place for bundled libraries])
+], [
+    RUBY_LIB_VERSION="${ruby_version}"
+])
+AC_SUBST(RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE)
+AC_SUBST(RUBY_LIB_VERSION)
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(sitedir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-sitedir=DIR], [site libraries in DIR [[RUBY_LIB_PREFIX/site_ruby]], "no" to disable site directory]),
+            [sitedir=$withval],
+            [sitedir='${rubylibprefix}/site_ruby'])
+sitelibdir='${sitedir}/${ruby_version}'
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(sitearchdir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-sitearchdir=DIR],
+			   [architecture dependent site libraries in DIR [[SITEDIR/SITEARCH]], "no" to disable site directory]),
+            [sitearchdir=$withval],
+            [sitearchdir=${multiarch+'${rubysitearchprefix}/site_ruby/${ruby_version}'}${multiarch-'${sitelibdir}/${sitearch}'}])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(vendordir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-vendordir=DIR], [vendor libraries in DIR [[RUBY_LIB_PREFIX/vendor_ruby]], "no" to disable vendor directory]),
+            [vendordir=$withval],
+            [vendordir='${rubylibprefix}/vendor_ruby'])
+vendorlibdir='${vendordir}/${ruby_version}'
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(vendorarchdir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-vendorarchdir=DIR],
+			   [architecture dependent vendor libraries in DIR [[VENDORDIR/SITEARCH]], "no" to disable vendor directory]),
+            [vendorarchdir=$withval],
+            [vendorarchdir=${multiarch+'${rubysitearchprefix}/vendor_ruby/${ruby_version}'}${multiarch-'${vendorlibdir}/${sitearch}'}])
+
+AS_IF([test "${LOAD_RELATIVE+set}"], [
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(LOAD_RELATIVE, $LOAD_RELATIVE)
+    RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX=''
+])
+
+AC_SUBST(RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX)
+
+AC_SUBST(libdirname, ${multiarch+arch}libdir)
+AC_SUBST(archlibdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(sitearchlibdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(archincludedir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(sitearchincludedir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(arch)dnl
+AC_SUBST(sitearch)dnl
+AC_SUBST(ruby_version)dnl
+AC_SUBST(rubylibdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(rubyarchdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(sitedir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(sitelibdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(sitearchdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(vendordir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(vendorlibdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(vendorarchdir)dnl
+
+AC_SUBST(CONFIGURE, "`echo $0 | sed 's|.*/||'`")dnl
+AC_SUBST(configure_args, "`echo "${ac_configure_args}" | sed 's/\\$/$$/g'`")dnl
+
+AS_IF([test "${universal_binary-no}" = yes ], [
+    arch="universal-${target_os}"
+    AS_IF([test "${rb_cv_architecture_available}" = yes], [
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_PLATFORM_CPU, __ARCHITECTURE__)
+    ], [
+	for archs in ${universal_archnames}; do
+	    cpu=`echo $archs | sed 's/.*=//'`
+	    archs=`echo $archs | sed 's/=.*//'`
+	    RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __${archs}__ &&! defined RUBY_PLATFORM_CPU], RUBY_PLATFORM_CPU, ["${cpu}"])
+	done
+    ])
+    ints='long int short'
+    test "$ac_cv_type_long_long" = yes && ints="'long long' $ints"
+    AC_SUBST(UNIVERSAL_ARCHNAMES, "${universal_archnames}")
+    AC_SUBST(UNIVERSAL_INTS, "${ints}")
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_PLATFORM_OS, "${target_os}")
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_ARCH, "universal-" RUBY_PLATFORM_OS)
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_PLATFORM, "universal." RUBY_PLATFORM_CPU "-" RUBY_PLATFORM_OS)
+], [
+    arch="${target_cpu}-${target_os}"
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_PLATFORM, "$arch")
+])
+
+unset sitearch
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[mingw*],[sitearch="$target_cpu-$rb_cv_msvcrt"])
+: ${sitearch='${arch}'}
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(search-path,
+		AS_HELP_STRING([--with-search-path=DIR], [specify the additional search path]),
+		[search_path=$withval])
+AS_IF([test "$search_path" != ""], [
+    AC_SUBST(RUBY_SEARCH_PATH, $search_path)
+])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(rubyhdrdir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rubyhdrdir=DIR], [core headers in DIR [[INCLUDEDIR/RUBY_BASE_NAME-RUBY_VERSION]]]),
+	    [rubyhdrdir=$withval],
+	    [rubyhdrdir='${includedir}/${RUBY_VERSION_NAME}'])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(rubyarchhdrdir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rubyarchhdrdir=DIR],
+			   [architecture dependent core headers in DIR [[$(rubyhdrdir)/$(arch)]]]),
+	    [rubyarchhdrdir=$withval],
+	    [rubyarchhdrdir=${multiarch+'${archincludedir}/${RUBY_VERSION_NAME}'}${multiarch-'${rubyhdrdir}/${arch}'}])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(sitehdrdir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-sitehdrdir=DIR], [core site headers in DIR [[RUBYHDRDIR/site_ruby]]]),
+	    [sitehdrdir=$withval],
+	    [sitehdrdir='${rubyhdrdir}/site_ruby'])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(sitearchhdrdir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-sitearchhdrdir=DIR],
+			   [architecture dependent core site headers in DIR [[RUBYHDRDIR/site_ruby]]]),
+	    [sitearchhdrdir=$withval],
+	    [sitearchhdrdir=${multiarch+'${sitearchincludedir}/${RUBY_VERSION_NAME}/site_ruby'}${multiarch-'${sitehdrdir}/${sitearch}'}])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(vendorhdrdir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-vendorhdrdir=DIR], [core vendor headers in DIR [[RUBYHDRDIR/vendor_ruby]]]),
+	    [vendorhdrdir=$withval],
+	    [vendorhdrdir='${rubyhdrdir}/vendor_ruby'])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(vendorarchhdrdir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-vendorarchhdrdir=DIR],
+			   [architecture dependent core vendor headers in DIR [[RUBYHDRDIR/vendor_ruby]]]),
+	    [vendorarchhdrdir=$withval],
+	    [vendorarchhdrdir=${multiarch+'${sitearchincludedir}/${RUBY_VERSION_NAME}/vendor_ruby'}${multiarch-'${vendorhdrdir}/${sitearch}'}])
+
+AC_SUBST(rubyhdrdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(sitehdrdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(vendorhdrdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(rubyarchhdrdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(sitearchhdrdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(vendorarchhdrdir)dnl
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(mantype,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-mantype=TYPE], [specify man page type; TYPE is one of man and doc]),
+		[
+			AS_CASE(["$withval"],
+			[man|man.gz|man.bz2|doc|doc.gz|doc.bz2], [MANTYPE=$withval],
+			[AC_MSG_ERROR(invalid man type: $withval)])
+		])
+AS_IF([test -z "$MANTYPE"], [
+	dnl Looks for nroff with -mdoc support.
+	AC_CACHE_VAL([ac_cv_path_NROFF], [
+		AC_PATH_PROGS_FEATURE_CHECK([NROFF],
+			[nroff awf mandoc],
+			[$ac_path_NROFF -mdoc ${srcdir}/man/ruby.1 \
+				>/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+				ac_cv_path_NROFF=$ac_path_NROFF \
+				ac_path_NROFF_found=:],
+			[], ["/usr/bin:/usr/ucb"]
+		)
+	])
+	AS_IF([test -n "$ac_cv_path_NROFF"], [
+		MANTYPE=doc
+	], [
+		MANTYPE=man
+	])
+])
+AC_SUBST(MANTYPE)
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(rubygems,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-rubygems], [disable rubygems by default]),
+	[enable_rubygems="$enableval"], [enable_rubygems=yes])
+AS_IF([test x"$enable_rubygems" = xno], [
+    USE_RUBYGEMS=no
+], [
+    USE_RUBYGEMS=yes
+])
+AC_SUBST(USE_RUBYGEMS)
+
+arch_hdrdir="${EXTOUT}/include/${arch}/ruby"
+AS_MKDIR_P("${arch_hdrdir}")
+config_h="${arch_hdrdir}/config.h"
+guard=INCLUDE_RUBY_CONFIG_H
+{
+  echo "#ifndef $guard"
+  echo "#define $guard 1"
+  grep -v "^#define PACKAGE_" confdefs.h
+  echo "#endif /* $guard */"
+} | tr -d '\015' |
+(
+  AS_IF([test "x$CONFIGURE_TTY" = xyes], [color=--color], [color=])
+  exec ${tooldir}/ifchange $color "${config_h}" -
+) >&AS_MESSAGE_FD || AC_MSG_ERROR([failed to create ${config_h}])
+tr -d '\015' < largefile.h > confdefs.h
+rm largefile.h
+
+BUILTIN_ENCS=["`sed -n -e '/^BUILTIN_ENCS[ 	]*=/{' \
+	-e s/// -e :l -e '/\\\\$/N' -e 's/\\\\\\n/ /' -e 't l' -e p \
+	-e '}' "${srcdir}/enc/Makefile.in"`"]
+BUILTIN_ENCOBJS=
+for e in $BUILTIN_ENCS; do BUILTIN_ENCOBJS="$BUILTIN_ENCOBJS "`echo $e | sed 's/\.c$/.$(OBJEXT)/'`; done
+AC_SUBST(BUILTIN_ENCOBJS)
+
+BUILTIN_TRANSES=["`sed -n -e '/^BUILTIN_TRANSES[ 	]*=/{' \
+	-e s/// -e :l -e '/\\\\$/N' -e 's/\\\\\\n/ /' -e 't l' -e p \
+	-e '}' "${srcdir}/enc/Makefile.in"`"]
+BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS=
+BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS=
+for e in $BUILTIN_TRANSES; do
+  BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS="$BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS "`echo $e | sed 's/\.trans$/.c/'`
+  BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS="$BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS "`echo $e | sed 's/\.trans$/.$(OBJEXT)/'`
+done
+AC_SUBST(BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS)
+AC_SUBST(BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS)
+
+PACKAGE=$RUBY_BASE_NAME
+AC_SUBST(PACKAGE)
+AS_MESSAGE([$PACKAGE library version = $ruby_version])
+
+AS_IF([test x"$CC_WRAPPER" != x], [
+    CC='$(CC_WRAPPER) '"${CC@%:@$CC_WRAPPER }"
+    CPP='$(CC_WRAPPER) '"${CPP@%:@$CC_WRAPPER }"
+    CC_WRAPPER='$(rubyarchdir)/darwin-cc'
+    XCC_WRAPPER='$(top_srcdir)/tool/darwin-cc'
+])
+AC_SUBST(CC_WRAPPER, '')
+AC_SUBST(XCC_WRAPPER)
+
+AS_CASE([" $CPP "], [*" $CC "*], [CPP=`echo " $CPP " | sed "s| $CC |"' $(CC) |;s/^ *//;s/  *$//'`])
+
+AS_IF([test x"$firstmf" != x], [
+    AC_CONFIG_FILES($firstmf:$firsttmpl, [], [firstmf="$firstmf" firsttmpl="$firsttmpl"])
+])
+AC_CONFIG_FILES(Makefile:template/Makefile.in, [
+    tmpmk=confmk$$.tmp
+    {
+	AS_IF([test ${VCS+set}], [
+	    :
+	], [git_dir=`$GIT --work-tree="$srcdir" --git-dir="$srcdir/.git" rev-parse --git-dir 2>/dev/null`], [
+	    VCS='$(GIT)'
+	], [
+	    VCS='echo cannot'
+	])
+	AS_CASE("$VCS",
+		['$(GIT)'|git], [VCSUP='$(VCS) pull --rebase $(GITPULLOPTIONS)'],
+		[VCSUP='$(VCS)'])
+	sed -n \
+	    -e '[/^@%:@define \(RUBY_RELEASE_[A-Z]*\) \([0-9][0-9]*\)/]{' \
+	    -e   's//\1 = \2/' \
+	    -e   '[s/ \([0-9]\)$/ 0\1/]' \
+	    -e   p \
+	    -e '}' "$srcdir/version.h"
+	sed '/^MISSING/s/\$U\././g;/^VCS *=/s#@VCS@#'"$VCS"'#;/^VCSUP *=/s#@VCSUP@#'"$VCSUP"'#' Makefile
+	echo; test x"$EXEEXT" = x || echo 'miniruby: miniruby$(EXEEXT)'
+	AS_IF([test "$gnumake" != yes], [
+	    echo ['$(MKFILES): $(srcdir)/common.mk']
+	    sed ['s/{\$([^(){}]*)[^{}]*}//g'] ${srcdir}/common.mk
+	], [
+	    echo 'distclean-local::; @$(RM) GNUmakefile uncommon.mk'
+	])
+    } > $tmpmk && AS_IF([! grep '^ruby:' $tmpmk > /dev/null], [
+	AS_IF([test "${gnumake}" = yes], [
+	    tmpgmk=confgmk$$.tmp
+	    {
+		echo "include $tmpmk"
+		echo "-include uncommon.mk"
+	    } > $tmpgmk
+	], [
+	    tmpgmk=$tmpmk
+	]) &&
+	test -z "`${MAKE-make} -f $tmpgmk info-program | grep '^PROGRAM=ruby$'`" &&
+	echo 'ruby: $(PROGRAM);' >> $tmpmk
+	test "$tmpmk" = "$tmpgmk" || rm -f "$tmpgmk"
+    ]) && mv -f $tmpmk Makefile],
+[EXEEXT='$EXEEXT' MAKE='${MAKE-make}' gnumake='$gnumake' GIT='$GIT'])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH([ruby-pc],
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-ruby-pc=FILENAME], [pc file basename]),
+	    [ruby_pc="$withval"],
+	    [ruby_pc="${RUBY_BASE_NAME}-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.pc"])
+AC_SUBST(ruby_pc)
+AC_SUBST(exec, [exec])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(destdir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-destdir=DESTDIR], [specify default directory to install]),
+	    [DESTDIR="$withval"])
+AC_SUBST(DESTDIR)
+
+AC_CONFIG_FILES($ruby_pc:template/ruby.pc.in,
+    [
+    AS_IF([sed ['s/\$(\([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*\))/${\1}/g;s/@[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*@//'] $ruby_pc > ruby.tmp.pc &&
+	{
+	    test -z "$PKG_CONFIG" ||
+	    PKG_CONFIG_PATH=. $PKG_CONFIG --print-errors ruby.tmp
+	}],
+    [
+	mv -f ruby.tmp.pc $ruby_pc
+    ], [
+	exit 1
+    ])
+    ],
+    [ruby_pc='$ruby_pc' PKG_CONFIG='$PKG_CONFIG'])
+
+AC_OUTPUT
+}
+}
+
+AS_IF([test "$silent" = yes], [], [
+AS_IF([${FOLD+:} false], [], [
+AS_IF([test "`echo abcdefg hijklmno | fold -s -w10 | sed 1d`" = hijklmno], [FOLD="fold"], [FOLD=])
+])
+fold_width=`expr $COLUMNS - 30 2>/dev/null` || fold_width=50
+AS_REQUIRE_SHELL_FN([config_summary],
+    [AS_FUNCTION_DESCRIBE([config_summary], [NAME, VAL], [configuration summary])],
+    [AS_IF([test -z "$2"], [], [
+	AS_ECHO_N(["   * $1:                     "]) | dd bs=1 count=26 2>/dev/null
+	AS_IF([test "$FOLD"], [
+	    echo "$2" | fold -s -w$fold_width |
+	    sed '1!s/^/                          /;$!s/$/\\/'
+	], [echo "$2"])
+    ])]
+)
+
+AS_IF([test $install_doc = yes],
+    [DOCTARGETS=`echo " $RDOCTARGET $CAPITARGET " | sed 's/ nodoc //g;s/^ *//;s/ *$//'`],
+    [DOCTARGETS=no])
+echo "---"
+echo "Configuration summary for $RUBY_BASE_NAME version $MAJOR.$MINOR.$TEENY"
+echo ""
+config_summary "Installation prefix" "$prefix"
+config_summary "exec prefix"         "$exec_prefix"
+config_summary "arch"                "$arch"
+config_summary "site arch"           "$sitearch"
+config_summary "RUBY_BASE_NAME"      "$RUBY_BASE_NAME"
+config_summary "enable shared"       "$enable_shared"
+config_summary "ruby lib prefix"     "$rubylibprefix"
+config_summary "site libraries path" "$rubysitearchprefix"
+config_summary "vendor path"         "$vendordir"
+config_summary "target OS"           "$target_os"
+config_summary "compiler"            "$CC"
+config_summary "with pthread"        "$enable_pthread"
+config_summary "with coroutine"      "$rb_cv_coroutine"
+config_summary "enable shared libs"  "$ENABLE_SHARED"
+config_summary "dynamic library ext" "$DLEXT"
+config_summary "CFLAGS"              "$cflags"
+config_summary "CPPFLAGS"            "$cppflags"
+config_summary "LDFLAGS"             "$LDFLAGS"
+config_summary "DLDFLAGS"            "$DLDFLAGS"
+config_summary "optflags"            "$optflags"
+config_summary "debugflags"          "$debugflags"
+config_summary "warnflags"           "$warnflags"
+config_summary "strip command"       "$STRIP"
+config_summary "install doc"         "$DOCTARGETS"
+config_summary "JIT support"         "$MJIT_SUPPORT"
+config_summary "man page type"       "$MANTYPE"
+config_summary "search path"         "$search_path"
+config_summary "static-linked-ext"   ${EXTSTATIC:+"yes"}
+config_summary "BASERUBY -v"         "$BASERUBY_VERSION"
+echo ""
+echo "---"
+])
diff --git a/configure.in b/configure.in
deleted file mode 100644
index 99fc7d0c78..0000000000
--- a/configure.in
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4375 +0,0 @@
-dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
-AC_INIT()
-{
-AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR(tool)
-
-AC_PREREQ(2.67)
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_PREREQ_AC],
-	[m4_if(m4_version_compare(m4_defn([m4_PACKAGE_VERSION]), [$1]), [-1],
-		AC_MSG_ERROR([Autoconf version ]$1[ or higher is required]$2))])
-
-AC_DISABLE_OPTION_CHECKING
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_RM_RECURSIVE], [
-m4_if(m4_version_compare(m4_defn([m4_PACKAGE_VERSION]), [2.70]), [-1], [
-# suppress error messages, rm: cannot remove 'conftest.dSYM', from
-# AC_EGREP_CPP with CFLAGS=-g on Darwin.
-#
-# TODO: remove this hack when AC_PREREQ() becomes 2.70 or later.
-AS_CASE([$build_os], [darwin*], [
-rm() {
-    rm_recursive=''
-    for arg do
-	AS_CASE("$arg",
-		[--*], [],
-		[-*r*], [break],
-		[conftest.*], [if test -d "$arg"; then rm_recursive=-r; break; fi],
-		[])
-    done
-    command rm $rm_recursive "[$]@"
-}
-])])])
-
-{ # environment section
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(baseruby,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-baseruby=RUBY], [use RUBY as baseruby; RUBY is the pathname of ruby]),
-	[
-		AS_CASE(["$withval"],[*ruby*],[BASERUBY=$withval],[AC_MSG_ERROR(need ruby)])
-	],
-	[
-		BASERUBY="ruby"
-	])
-if test "`RUBYOPT=- $BASERUBY -e 'p 42' 2>/dev/null`" = 42; then
-    if test "`RUBYOPT=- $BASERUBY --disable=gems -e 'p 42' 2>/dev/null`" = 42; then
-	BASERUBY="$BASERUBY --disable=gems"
-    fi
-    $BASERUBY -C "$srcdir/tool" downloader.rb -e gnu config.guess config.sub
-    HAVE_BASERUBY=yes
-else
-    BASERUBY="echo executable host ruby is required.  use --with-baseruby option.; false"
-    HAVE_BASERUBY=no
-fi
-AC_SUBST(BASERUBY)
-AC_SUBST(HAVE_BASERUBY)
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_MINGW32],
-[AS_CASE(["$host_os"],
-[cygwin*], [
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for mingw32 environment, rb_cv_mingw32,
-[AC_TRY_CPP([
-#ifndef __MINGW32__
-# error
-#endif
-], rb_cv_mingw32=yes,rb_cv_mingw32=no)
-rm -f conftest*])
-if test "$rb_cv_mingw32" = yes; then
-    target_os="mingw32"
-    : ${ac_tool_prefix:="`expr "$CC" : ['\(.*-\)g\?cc[^/]*$']`"}
-fi
-])
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"], [mingw*msvc], [
-target_os="`echo ${target_os} | sed 's/msvc$//'`"
-])
-AS_CASE(["$target_cpu-$target_os"], [x86_64-mingw*], [
-target_cpu=x64
-])
-])
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_NACL],
-[
- AS_CASE(["${host_os}"],
-[nacl], [
-  ac_cv_exeext=.nexe
-  host_vendor=chromium
-  ac_cv_host=chromium
-  AC_MSG_CHECKING([wheather \$NACL_SDK_ROOT is set])
-  if test x"${NACL_SDK_ROOT}" = x; then
-    AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
-    AC_MSG_ERROR([You need to set \$NACL_SDK_ROOT environment variable to build for NativeClient])
-  fi
-  AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
-
-  nacl_cv_build_variant=glibc
-  AC_ARG_WITH(newlib,
-              AS_HELP_STRING([--with-newlib], [uses newlib version of NativeClient SDK]),
-              [AS_CASE([$withval],
-                       [no], [nacl_cv_build_variant=glibc],
-                       [yes], [nacl_cv_build_variant=newlib])])
-
-  AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"],
-          [x86_64], [nacl_cv_cpu_nick=x86
-                     nacl_cv_cpu_nick2=x86_64],
-          [i?86], [nacl_cv_cpu_nick=x86
-                   nacl_cv_cpu_nick2=x86_32],
-          [le32], [nacl_cv_cpu_nick=pnacl
-                   nacl_cv_cpu_nick2=pnacl
-                   ac_cv_exeext=.pexe],
-          [nacl_cv_cpu_nick=$target_cpu])
-  AS_CASE(["$build_os"],
-          [linux*], [nacl_cv_os_nick=linux],
-          [darwin*], [nacl_cv_os_nick=mac],
-          [cygwin*|mingw*], [nacl_cv_os_nick=win],
-          [nacl_cv_os_nick=$build_os])
-
-  host="$host_cpu-chromium-$host_os-"
-  ac_tool_prefix="$host_cpu-nacl-"
-
-  AC_MSG_CHECKING([NativeClient toolchain])
-  if test x"$nacl_cv_cpu_nick" = xpnacl; then
-    NACL_TOOLCHAIN="${nacl_cv_os_nick}_pnacl"
-    ac_tool_prefix=pnacl-
-  elif test -d \
-    "${NACL_SDK_ROOT}/toolchain/${nacl_cv_os_nick}_${nacl_cv_cpu_nick}_${nacl_cv_build_variant}"; then
-    NACL_TOOLCHAIN="${nacl_cv_os_nick}_${nacl_cv_cpu_nick}_${nacl_cv_build_variant}"
-  elif test -d \
-    "${NACL_SDK_ROOT}/toolchain/${nacl_cv_os_nick}_x86_${nacl_cv_cpu_nick}/${nacl_cv_build_variant}"; then
-    NACL_TOOLCHAIN="${nacl_cv_os_nick}_x86_${nacl_cv_cpu_nick}/${nacl_cv_build_variant}"
-  else
-    AS_CASE(
-      ["${nacl_cv_build_variant}"],
-      [glibc], [if test \
-        -d "${NACL_SDK_ROOT}/toolchain/${nacl_cv_os_nick}_${nacl_cv_cpu_nick}_newlib" \
-        -a -d "${NACL_SDK_ROOT}/toolchain/${nacl_cv_os_nick}_${nacl_cv_cpu_nick}"; then
-        NACL_TOOLCHAIN="${nacl_cv_os_nick}_${nacl_cv_cpu_nick}"
-      fi],
-      [newlib], [ NACL_TOOLCHAIN="${nacl_cv_os_nick}_${nacl_cv_cpu_nick}" ])
-  fi
-  if test ! -e "${NACL_SDK_ROOT}/toolchain/${NACL_TOOLCHAIN}/${ac_tool_prefix}gcc"; then
-    if test "${build_cpu}" = i686 -a -e "${NACL_SDK_ROOT}/toolchain/${NACL_TOOLCHAIN}/nacl-gcc"; then
-      ac_tool_prefix=nacl-
-    fi
-    if test "${build_cpu}" = x86_64 -a -e "${NACL_SDK_ROOT}/toolchain/${NACL_TOOLCHAIN}/nacl-gcc"; then
-      ac_tool_prefix=nacl64-
-    fi
-  fi
-  if test -z "${NACL_TOOLCHAIN}"; then
-    AC_MSG_ERROR([Unrecognized --host and --build combination or NaCl SDK is not installed])
-  fi
-  AC_MSG_RESULT(${NACL_TOOLCHAIN})
-
-  AC_MSG_CHECKING([path to SDK])
-  if ! echo -- "${PATH}" | grep -F "${NACL_SDK_ROOT}/toolchain/${NACL_TOOLCHAIN}/bin" > /dev/null; then
-    PATH="${PATH}:${NACL_SDK_ROOT}/toolchain/${NACL_TOOLCHAIN}/bin"
-  fi
-  AC_MSG_RESULT(${NACL_SDK_ROOT}/toolchain/${NACL_TOOLCHAIN}/bin)
-
-  RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(XCFLAGS, '-I$(NACL_SDK_ROOT)/include')
-  if test x"${nacl_cv_cpu_nick}" = xpnacl; then
-    RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(XCFLAGS, '-isystem $(NACL_SDK_ROOT)/include/pnacl')
-  elif test x"${nacl_cv_build_variant}" = xnewlib; then
-    RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(XCFLAGS, '-isystem $(NACL_SDK_ROOT)/include/newlib')
-  fi
-
-  AC_MSG_CHECKING([nacl library path])
-  if test -d "${NACL_SDK_ROOT}/lib/${nacl_cv_build_variant}_${nacl_cv_cpu_nick2}/Release"; then
-    nacl_cv_libpath="${nacl_cv_build_variant}_${nacl_cv_cpu_nick2}"
-  elif test -d "${NACL_SDK_ROOT}/lib/${nacl_cv_cpu_nick2}/Release"; then
-    nacl_cv_libpath="${nacl_cv_cpu_nick2}"
-  else
-    AC_MSG_ERROR([not found])
-  fi
-  AC_MSG_RESULT([${nacl_cv_libpath}])
-  RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(XLDFLAGS, '-L$(NACL_SDK_ROOT)/'"lib/${nacl_cv_libpath}/Release")
-
-  AC_SUBST(NACL_TOOLCHAIN)
-  AC_SUBST(NACL_SDK_ROOT)
-  AC_SUBST(NACL_SDK_VARIANT, "${nacl_cv_build_variant}")
-  AC_SUBST(NACL_LIB_PATH, "${nacl_cv_libpath}")
-  AC_CHECK_TOOLS(CC, [clang gcc])
-  AC_CHECK_TOOLS(CXX, [clang++ g++])
-])])
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_NACL_CHECK_PEPPER_TYPES],
-[AS_CASE(["${host_os}"],
-[nacl], [
- AC_CHECK_TYPES([struct PPB_Core, struct PPB_Messaging, struct PPB_Var,
-              struct PPB_URLLoader, struct PPB_URLRequestInfo,
-              struct PPB_URLResponseInfo, struct PPB_FileRef,
-              struct PPP_Instance])
-])
-])
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_CPPOUTFILE],
-[AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether ${CPP} accepts -o, rb_cv_cppoutfile,
-[save_CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS"
-CPPFLAGS='-o conftest-1.i'
-rb_cv_cppoutfile=no
-AC_TRY_CPP([test-for-cppout],
-	   [grep test-for-cppout conftest-1.i > /dev/null && rb_cv_cppoutfile=yes])
-CPPFLAGS="$save_CPPFLAGS"
-rm -f conftest*])
-if test "$rb_cv_cppoutfile" = yes; then
-  CPPOUTFILE='-o conftest.i'
-elif test "$rb_cv_cppoutfile" = no; then
-  CPPOUTFILE='> conftest.i'
-elif test -n "$rb_cv_cppoutfile"; then
-  CPPOUTFILE="$rb_cv_cppoutfile"
-fi
-AC_SUBST(CPPOUTFILE)])
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_PROG_GNU_LD],
-[AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether the linker is GNU ld, rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld,
-[if `$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS --print-prog-name=ld 2>&1` -v 2>&1 | grep "GNU ld" > /dev/null; then
-  rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld=yes
-else
-  rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld=no
-fi
-])
-GNU_LD=$rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld
-AC_SUBST(GNU_LD)])
-
-eval `sed -n 's/^#define RUBY_API_VERSION_\([A-Z][A-Z_0-9]*\) \([0-9][0-9]*\)/\1=\2/p' $srcdir/include/ruby/version.h`
-for v in MAJOR MINOR TEENY; do
-    if eval "test \"\$$v\" = ''"; then
-	AC_MSG_ERROR(could not determine $v number from version.h)
-    fi
-done
-AC_SUBST(MAJOR)
-AC_SUBST(MINOR)
-AC_SUBST(TEENY)
-RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION=`sed -n 's/^#define RUBY_VERSION "\(.*\)"/\1/p' $srcdir/version.h`
-AC_SUBST(RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION)
-RUBY_PATCHLEVEL=`sed -n 's/^#define RUBY_PATCHLEVEL //p' $srcdir/version.h`
-AC_DEFINE(CANONICALIZATION_FOR_MATHN)
-dnl checks for alternative programs
-AC_CANONICAL_BUILD
-RUBY_RM_RECURSIVE
-AC_ARG_WITH(gcc,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--without-gcc], [never use gcc]),
-	[
-	AS_CASE([$withval],
-	    [no],  [: ${CC=cc}],
-	    [yes], [: ${CC=gcc}],
-	           [CC=$withval])])
-dnl If the user switches compilers, we can't believe the cache
-if test ! -z "$ac_cv_prog_CC" -a ! -z "$CC" -a "$CC" != "$ac_cv_prog_CC"
-then
-  AC_MSG_ERROR(cached CC is different -- throw away $cache_file
-(it is also a good idea to do 'make clean' before compiling))
-fi
-AS_CASE(["$build_os"],
-  [darwin1*.*], [
-    AS_CASE(["x$CC"],
-      [xgcc-4.2|x/usr/bin/gcc-4.2], [: ${CXX=g++-4.2}],
-      [xgcc|x/usr/bin/gcc],         [: ${CXX=g++}],
-      [xcc|x/usr/bin/cc],           [: ${CXX=c++}],
-      [xicc],                       [: ${CXX=icpc}],
-      [xclang|x/usr/bin/clang],     [: ${CXX=clang++}])
-  ])
-test -z "$CC" || ac_cv_prog_CC="$CC"
-test -z "$CXX" || ac_cv_prog_CXX="$CXX"
-
-if test "$program_prefix" = NONE; then
-  program_prefix=
-fi
-if test "$prefix" -ef .; then
-  AC_MSG_ERROR(--prefix cannot be the current working directory.)
-fi
-RUBY_BASE_NAME=`echo ruby | sed "$program_transform_name"`
-RUBYW_BASE_NAME=`echo rubyw | sed "$program_transform_name"`
-AC_SUBST(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
-AC_SUBST(RUBYW_BASE_NAME)
-AC_SUBST(RUBY_VERSION_NAME, '${RUBY_BASE_NAME}-${ruby_version}')
-
-AC_CANONICAL_TARGET
-test x"$target_alias" = x &&
-target_os=`echo $target_os | sed 's/linux-gnu$/linux/;s/linux-gnu/linux-/'`
-ac_install_sh='' # unusable for extension libraries.
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(os-version-style,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-os-version-style=TYPE],
-		       [OS version number for target and target_os [[full]]]
-		       [(full|teeny|minor+0|minor|major+0|major|none)]),
-	[os_version_style=$withval],
-	[os_version_style=full
-	    AS_CASE($target_os, [[*[0-9].*]],
-		[AS_CASE([`/usr/bin/ruby -e 'puts RUBY_PLATFORM' 2>/dev/null`],
-		    [[*-*[0-9].*.0]], [os_version_style=minor+0],
-		    [[*-*[0-9].*.*]], [os_version_style=full],
-		    [[*-*[0-9].0]  ], [os_version_style=major+0],
-		    [[*-*[0-9].*]  ], [os_version_style=minor],
-		    [[*-*[0-9]]    ], [os_version_style=major],
-		)])
-	])
-os_version_style_transform=
-AS_CASE("${os_version_style}",
-	[full|teeny], [],
-	[minor+0], [os_version_style_transform=['s/\([0-9]\.[0-9][0-9]*\)\.[0-9][.0-9]*$/\1.0/']],
-	[minor],   [os_version_style_transform=['s/\([0-9]\.[0-9][0-9]*\)\.[0-9][.0-9]*$/\1/']],
-	[major+0], [os_version_style_transform=['s/\([0-9]\)\.[0-9][.0-9]*$/\1.0/']],
-	[major],   [os_version_style_transform=['s/\([0-9]\)\.[0-9][.0-9]*$/\1/']],
-	[none],    [os_version_style_transform=['s/[0-9]\.[0-9][.0-9]*$//']],
-	[AC_MSG_ERROR(unknown --with-os-version-style: $withval)])
-AS_IF([test -z "$target_alias" -a -n "$os_version_style_transform"],
-	[
-	target=`echo ${target} | sed "$os_version_style_transform"`
-	target_os=`echo ${target_os} | sed "$os_version_style_transform"`
-	])
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_APPEND_OPTION],
-	[# RUBY_APPEND_OPTION($1)
-	AS_CASE([" [$]{$1-} "],
-	[*' $2 '*], [], ['  '], [ $1="$2"], [ $1="[$]$1 $2"])])
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS],
-	[# RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS($1)
-	for rb_opt in $2; do
-	AS_CASE([" [$]{$1-} "],
-	[*" [$]{rb_opt} "*], [], ['  '], [ $1="[$]{rb_opt}"], [ $1="[$]$1 [$]{rb_opt}"])
-	done])
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_PREPEND_OPTION],
-	[# RUBY_PREPEND_OPTION($1)
-	AS_CASE([" [$]{$1-} "],
-	[*' $2 '*], [], ['  '], [ $1="$2"], [ $1="$2 [$]$1"])])
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_PREPEND_OPTIONS],
-	[# RUBY_PREPEND_OPTIONS($1)
-	unset rb_opts; for rb_opt in $2; do
-	AS_CASE([" [$]{rb_opts} [$]{$1-} "],
-	[*" [$]{rb_opt} "*], [], ['  '], [ $1="[$]{rb_opt}"], [ rb_opts="[$]{rb_opts}[$]{rb_opt} "])
-	done
-	$1="[$]{rb_opts}[$]$1"])
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(arch,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-arch=ARCHS],
-		       [build an Apple/NeXT Multi Architecture Binary (MAB);
-                          ARCHS is a comma-delimited list of architectures for
-                          which to build; if this option is disabled or omitted
-			  entirely, then the package will be built only for the
-			  target platform]),
-       [target_archs="$withval"], [unset target_archs])
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_DEFAULT_ARCH], [
-AC_MSG_CHECKING([arch option])
-AS_CASE([$1],
-	[*64],        [ARCH_FLAG=-m64],
-	[[i[3-6]86]], [ARCH_FLAG=-m32],
-	[AC_MSG_ERROR(unknown target architecture: $target_archs)]
-	)
-AC_MSG_RESULT([$ARCH_FLAG])
-])
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_UNIVERSAL_ARCH], [
-# RUBY_UNIVERSAL_ARCH begin
-ARCH_FLAG=`expr " $CXXFLAGS " : ['.* \(-m[0-9][0-9]*\) ']`
-test ${CXXFLAGS+set} && CXXFLAGS=`echo "$CXXFLAGS" | sed [-e 's/ *-arch  *[^ ]*//g' -e 's/ *-m32//g' -e 's/ *-m64//g']`
-ARCH_FLAG=`expr " $CFLAGS " : ['.* \(-m[0-9][0-9]*\) ']`
-test ${CFLAGS+set} && CFLAGS=`echo "$CFLAGS" | sed [-e 's/ *-arch  *[^ ]*//g' -e 's/ *-m32//g' -e 's/ *-m64//g']`
-test ${LDFLAGS+set} && LDFLAGS=`echo "$LDFLAGS" | sed [-e 's/ *-arch  *[^ ]*//g' -e 's/ *-m32//g' -e 's/ *-m64//g']`
-unset universal_binary universal_archnames
-if test ${target_archs+set}; then
-    AC_MSG_CHECKING([target architectures])
-    target_archs=`echo $target_archs | tr , ' '`
-    # /usr/lib/arch_tool -archify_list $TARGET_ARCHS
-    for archs in $target_archs
-    do
-	AS_CASE([",$universal_binary,"],[*",$archs,"*], [],[
-	    cpu=`$SHELL "$ac_aux_dir/config.sub" "${archs}-${target_os}" 2>&1` || {
-	        AC_MSG_RESULT([failed])
-		AC_MSG_ERROR([$cpu])
-	    }
-	    cpu=`echo $cpu | sed 's/-.*-.*//'`
-	    universal_binary="${universal_binary+$universal_binary,}$cpu"
-	    universal_archnames="${universal_archnames} ${archs}=${cpu}"
-	    ARCH_FLAG="${ARCH_FLAG+$ARCH_FLAG }-arch $archs"
-	    ])
-    done
-    target_archs="$universal_binary"
-    unset universal_binary
-    AS_CASE(["$target_archs"],
-      [*,*], [universal_binary=yes],
-             [unset universal_archnames])
-    AC_MSG_RESULT([$target_archs])
-
-    target=`echo $target | sed "s/^$target_cpu-/-/"`
-    target_alias=`echo $target_alias | sed "s/^$target_cpu-/-/"`
-    if test "${universal_binary-no}" = yes; then
-	AC_SUBST(try_header,try_compile)
-	target_cpu=universal
-	real_cross_compiling=$cross_compiling
-    else
-	if test x"$target_cpu" != x"${target_archs}"; then
-	    echo 'int main(){return 0;}' > conftest.c
-	    if $CC $CFLAGS $ARCH_FLAG -o conftest conftest.c > /dev/null 2>&1; then
-		rm -fr conftest.*
-	    else
-		RUBY_DEFAULT_ARCH("$target_archs")
-	    fi
-	fi
-	target_cpu=${target_archs}
-    fi
-    AS_CASE(["$target"], [-*], [ target="$target_cpu${target}"])
-    AS_CASE(["$target_alias"], [-*], [ target_alias="$target_cpu${target_alias}"])
-else
-    if test x"$target_alias" = x; then
-	AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-	  [darwin*], [
-	    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for real target cpu])
-	    target=`echo $target | sed "s/^$target_cpu-/-/"`
-	    target_cpu=`$CC -E - 2>/dev/null <<EOF |
-#ifdef __x86_64__
-"processor-name=x86_64"
-#endif
-#ifdef __i386__
-"processor-name=i386"
-#endif
-#ifdef __ppc__
-"processor-name=powerpc"
-#endif
-#ifdef __ppc64__
-"processor-name=powerpc64"
-#endif
-EOF
-	    sed -n 's/^"processor-name=\(.*\)"/\1/p'`
-	    target="$target_cpu${target}"
-	    AC_MSG_RESULT([$target_cpu])
-	    ])
-    fi
-    target_archs="$target_cpu"
-fi
-if test "${target_archs}" != "${rb_cv_target_archs-${target_archs}}"; then
-    AC_MSG_ERROR([target arch(s) has changed from ${rb_cv_target_archs-nothing} to ${target_archs}])
-else
-    rb_cv_target_archs=${target_archs}
-fi
-if test "x${ARCH_FLAG}" != x; then
-    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS ${ARCH_FLAG}"
-    LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS+$LDFLAGS }${ARCH_FLAG}"
-fi
-# RUBY_UNIVERSAL_ARCH end
-])
-
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(load-relative,
-       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-load-relative], [resolve load paths at run time]),
-       [load_relative=$enableval])
-
-AC_ARG_PROGRAM
-
-dnl Checks for programs.
-
-cflagspat=
-test -z "$optflags" ||
-    cflagspat="$cflagspat;s|"`eval echo '"'"${optflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^ */ /;s/ *$/ /'`'| |g'
-test -z "$debugflags" ||
-    cflagspat="$cflagspat;s|"`eval echo '"'"${debugflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^ */ /;s/ *$/ /'`'| |g'
-test -z "warnflags" ||
-    cflagspat="$cflagspat;s|"`eval echo '"'"${warnflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^ */ /;s/ *$/ /'`'| |g'
-if test -z "${CFLAGS+set}"; then
-    cflags=`echo " $cflags " | sed "$cflagspat;s/^ *//;s/ *$//"`
-    orig_cflags="$cflags"
-    cflags="$cflags "'${optflags} ${debugflags} ${warnflags}'
-fi
-if test -z "${CXXFLAGS+set}"; then
-    cxxflags=`echo " $cxxflags " | sed "$cflagspat;s/^ *//;s/ *$//"`
-    orig_cxxflags="$cxxflags"
-    cxxflags="$cxxflags "'${optflags} ${debugflags} ${warnflags}'
-fi
-
-RUBY_NACL
-AS_CASE(["$host_os:$build_os"],
-[darwin*:darwin*], [
-    AC_CHECK_TOOLS(CC, [clang gcc cc])
-    # Following Apple deployed clang are broken
-    # clang version 1.0 (http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/tags/Apple/clang-23 exported)
-    # Apple clang version 2.0 (tags/Apple/clang-137) (based on LLVM 2.9svn)
-    # Apple clang version 2.1 (tags/Apple/clang-163.7.1) (based on LLVM 3.0svn)
-    if ! $CC -E -xc - <<SRC >/dev/null; then
-	@%:@if defined __APPLE_CC__ && defined __clang_major__ && __clang_major__ < 3
-	@%:@error premature clang
-	@%:@endif
-SRC
-	AC_MSG_ERROR([clang version 3.0 or later is required])
-    fi
-])
-if test x"${build}" != x"${host}"; then
-  AC_CHECK_TOOL(CC, gcc)
-fi
-
-AC_PROG_CC
-AC_PROG_CXX
-RUBY_MINGW32
-AC_PROG_GCC_TRADITIONAL
-AC_SUBST(GCC)
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-[solaris*], [AC_PATH_TOOL([LD], [ld], [/usr/ccs/bin/ld], [/usr/ccs/bin:$PATH])],
-[AC_CHECK_TOOL([LD], [ld], [ld])])
-AC_SUBST(LD)
-if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-    linker_flag=-Wl,
-    : ${optflags=-O3}
-    gcc_major=`echo =__GNUC__ | $CC -E -xc - | sed '/^=/!d;s///'`
-    gcc_minor=`echo =__GNUC_MINOR__ | $CC -E -xc - | sed '/^=/!d;s///'`
-    test -n "$gcc_major" || gcc_major=0
-    test -n "$gcc_minor" || gcc_minor=0
-    # RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(XCFLAGS, ["-include ruby/config.h" "-include ruby/missing.h"])
-else
-    linker_flag=
-fi
-
-RUBY_PROG_GNU_LD
-RUBY_CPPOUTFILE
-
-: ${OUTFLAG='-o '}
-: ${COUTFLAG=${OUTFLAG}}
-AC_SUBST(OUTFLAG)
-AC_SUBST(COUTFLAG)
-
-cc_version=
-for option in --version -v -V -qversion; do
-    cc_version_message=`$CC $option 2>&1`
-    cc_version_status=$?
-    AS_CASE($cc_version_status, [0], [:], [continue])
-    AS_CASE($cc_version_message, [*Warning*], [continue])
-    cc_version='$(CC) '$option
-done
-AC_SUBST(CC_VERSION, $cc_version)
-
-RUBY_UNIVERSAL_ARCH
-if test "$target_cpu" != "$host_cpu" -a "$GCC" = yes -a "$cross_compiling" = no -a "$universal_binary" = no; then
-    RUBY_DEFAULT_ARCH("$target_cpu")
-fi
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_cpu-$target_os"], [[i[3-6]86*]], [
-	 AC_CACHE_CHECK([for __sync_val_compare_and_swap], [rb_cv_gcc_compiler_cas], [
-			 AC_TRY_LINK([unsigned long atomic_var;],
-				     [
-				      __sync_val_compare_and_swap(&atomic_var, 0, 1);
-				      ],
-				      [rb_cv_gcc_compiler_cas=yes],
-				      [rb_cv_gcc_compiler_cas=no])])
-	 if test "$rb_cv_gcc_compiler_cas" = no; then
-		 unset rb_cv_gcc_compiler_cas
-		 save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
-		 CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -march=i486"
-		 AC_CACHE_CHECK([for __sync_val_compare_and_swap with -march=i486], [rb_cv_gcc_compiler_cas], [
-				 AC_TRY_LINK([unsigned long atomic_var;],
-					     [
-					      __sync_val_compare_and_swap(&atomic_var, 0, 1);
-					      ],
-					      [rb_cv_gcc_compiler_cas=yes
-					       ARCH_FLAG="-march=i486"],
-					      [rb_cv_gcc_compiler_cas=no])])
-		 CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS"
-	 fi])
-
-AC_CHECK_TOOL(RANLIB, ranlib, :)
-AC_CHECK_TOOL(AR, ar)
-if test -z "$AR"; then
-  AC_CHECK_PROGS(AR, aal, ar)
-fi
-
-AC_CHECK_TOOL(AS, as)
-ASFLAGS=$ASFLAGS
-AC_SUBST(ASFLAGS)
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[cygwin*|mingw*], [ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_OBJCOPY=":"])
-
-# BSD's ports and MacPorts prefix GNU binutils with 'g'
-AC_CHECK_TOOLS(OBJDUMP, [objdump gobjdump])
-AC_CHECK_TOOLS(OBJCOPY, [objcopy gobjcopy])
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-[cygwin*|mingw*], [
-    AC_CHECK_TOOL(WINDRES, windres)
-    AC_CHECK_TOOL(DLLWRAP, dllwrap)
-    target=`echo $target | sed "s/^$target_cpu-/-/"`
-    target_alias=`echo $target_alias | sed "s/^$target_cpu-/-/"`
-    target_cpu=`echo $target_cpu | sed s/i.86/i386/`
-    AS_CASE(["$target"], [-*], [ target="$target_cpu${target}"])
-    AS_CASE(["$target_alias"], [-*], [ target_alias="$target_cpu${target_alias}"])
-    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-    [mingw*], [
-	test "$rb_cv_msvcrt" = "" && unset rb_cv_msvcrt
-	AC_CACHE_CHECK(for mingw32 runtime DLL, rb_cv_msvcrt, [
-	AC_TRY_LINK([@%:@include <stdio.h>],
-		    [FILE* volatile f = stdin; return 0;],
-		    [rb_cv_msvcrt=`$OBJDUMP -p conftest$ac_exeext |
-				   tr A-Z a-z |
-				   sed -n '/^[[ 	]]*dll name: \(msvc.*\)\.dll$/{s//\1/p;q;}'`],
-		    [rb_cv_msvcrt=msvcrt])
-	test "$rb_cv_msvcrt" = "" && rb_cv_msvcrt=msvcrt])
-	RT_VER=`echo "$rb_cv_msvcrt" | tr -cd [0-9]`
-	test "$RT_VER" = "" && RT_VER=60
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_MSVCRT_VERSION, $RT_VER)
-    ])
-    : ${enable_shared=yes}
-    ],
-[aix*],     [AC_CHECK_TOOL(NM, nm, /usr/ccs/bin/nm, /usr/ccs/bin:$PATH)],
-[hiuxmpp*], [AC_DEFINE(__HIUX_MPP__)])    # by TOYODA Eizi <toyoda@npd.kishou.go.jp>
-AC_CHECK_TOOL(NM, nm)
-
-AC_PROG_LN_S
-AC_PROG_MAKE_SET
-AC_PROG_INSTALL
-AC_PROG_MKDIR_P
-if test "x$MKDIR_P" = "x -d"; then
-  if test x"$as_mkdir_p" != xfalse; then
-    MKDIR_P='mkdir -p'
-    echo "use 'mkdir -p' as MKDIR_P"
-  else
-    AC_MSG_ERROR([mkdir -p is required])
-  fi
-fi
-MAKEDIRS="$MKDIR_P"
-AC_SUBST(MAKEDIRS)
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_DTRACE_AVAILABLE],
-[AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether dtrace USDT is available, rb_cv_dtrace_available,
-[
-    echo "provider conftest{ probe fire(); };" > conftest_provider.d
-    if $DTRACE -h -o conftest_provider.h -s conftest_provider.d >/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
-      # DTrace is available on the system
-      rb_cv_dtrace_available=yes
-    else
-      # DTrace is not available while dtrace command exists
-      # for example FreeBSD 8 or FreeBSD 9 without DTrace build option
-      rb_cv_dtrace_available=no
-    fi
-    rm -f conftest.[co] conftest_provider.[dho]
-])
-])
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_DTRACE_POSTPROCESS],
-[AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether $DTRACE needs post processing, rb_cv_prog_dtrace_g,
-[
-  if {
-    cat >conftest_provider.d <<_PROBES &&
-    provider conftest {
-      probe fire();
-    };
-_PROBES
-    $DTRACE -h -o conftest_provider.h -s conftest_provider.d >/dev/null 2>/dev/null &&
-    cat >conftest.c <<_CONF &&
-    @%:@include "conftest_provider.h"
-    int main(void){ CONFTEST_FIRE(); return 0; }
-_CONF
-    $CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS -c -o conftest.o conftest.c &&
-    cp -p conftest.o conftest.oo &&
-    $DTRACE -G -s conftest_provider.d conftest.o 2>/dev/null
-  }; then
-    rb_cv_prog_dtrace_g=yes
-    cmp -b conftest.o conftest.oo || rb_cv_prog_dtrace_g=rebuild
-  else
-    rb_cv_prog_dtrace_g=no
-  fi
-  rm -f conftest.[co] conftest_provider.[dho]
-])
-])
-
-AC_CHECK_PROG([DTRACE], [${ac_tool_prefix}dtrace], [${ac_tool_prefix}dtrace])
-if test "$cross_compiling:$ac_cv_prog_DTRACE" = no: -a -n "$ac_tool_prefix"; then
-    AC_CHECK_PROG([DTRACE], [dtrace], [dtrace])
-fi
-
-AC_CHECK_PROGS(DOT, dot)
-AC_CHECK_PROGS(DOXYGEN, doxygen)
-AS_CASE(["${host_os}"], [nacl], [AC_PATH_PROG(PYTHON, python)])
-
-AC_CHECK_PROG(PKG_CONFIG, pkg-config, [pkg-config], [], [],
-    [`"$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" --print-errors --version > /dev/null 2>&1 || echo "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"`])
-
-# checks for UNIX variants that set C preprocessor variables
-AC_USE_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS
-
-AC_SUBST(RM, ['rm -f'])
-AC_SUBST(CP, ['cp'])
-RMDIRS='$(top_srcdir)/tool/rmdirs'
-RMDIR=rmdir
-mkdir "rmdirs_$$_test" "rmdirs_$$_test/a"
-rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty "rmdirs_$$_test" 2>/dev/null &&
-RMDIR='rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty'
-$RMDIR -p "rmdirs_$$_test/a" 2>/dev/null &&
-{ test -d "rmdirs_$$_test" || RMDIRS="$RMDIR -p"; }
-rmdir "rmdirs_$$_test/a" "rmdirs_$$_test" 2>/dev/null
-AC_SUBST(RMDIR)
-AC_SUBST(RMDIRS)
-AC_SUBST(RMALL, ['rm -fr'])
-
-AC_MSG_CHECKING([for cd using physical directory])
-rm -fr conf$$.dir
-mkdir conf$$.dir &&
-(cd conf$$.dir && mkdir src build && cd src &&
-$as_ln_s ../build . > /dev/null 2>&1 && cd build &&
-for chdir in 'cd -P' 'PWD= cd'; do
-    /bin/sh -c "$chdir ../src && echo '$chdir' > cdcmd" 2> /dev/null && break
-done)
-if test -f conf$$.dir/src/cdcmd; then
-    read CHDIR < conf$$.dir/src/cdcmd 2> /dev/null
-else
-    CHDIR=cd
-fi
-rm -fr conf$$.dir
-AC_MSG_RESULT([$CHDIR])
-AC_SUBST(CHDIR)
-
-}
-{ # compiler section
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_WERROR_FLAG], [dnl
-save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
-CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $rb_cv_warnflags"
-if test "${ac_c_werror_flag+set}"; then
-  rb_c_werror_flag="$ac_c_werror_flag"
-else
-  unset rb_c_werror_flag
-fi
-ac_c_werror_flag=yes
-$1
-CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS"
-save_CFLAGS=
-if test "${rb_c_werror_flag+set}"; then
-  ac_c_werror_flag="$rb_c_werror_flag"
-else
-  unset ac_c_werror_flag
-fi])
-
-RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
-    AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether CFLAGS is valid])
-    AC_TRY_COMPILE([], [],
-	[AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)],
-	[
-	AC_MSG_RESULT(no)
-	AC_MSG_ERROR([something wrong with CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"])
-	]
-    )
-    AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether LDFLAGS is valid])
-    {
-	mkdir tmp.$$.try_link &&
-	cd tmp.$$.try_link &&
-	cp ../confdefs.h . &&
-	echo '<?xml?><plist><dict><key>CFBundleIdentifier</key><string></string></dict></plist>' > Info.plist &&
-	:
-    } || AC_MSG_ERROR([faild to make temporary directory])
-    AC_TRY_LINK([], [],
-	[AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)],
-	[
-	cd .. && rm -fr tmp.$$.try_link
-	AC_MSG_RESULT(no)
-	AC_MSG_ERROR([something wrong with LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS"])
-	]
-    )
-    cd .. && rm -fr tmp.$$.try_link
-])
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS], [
-    AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether ]$1[ is accepted as CFLAGS])
-    RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
-    CFLAGS="[$]CFLAGS $1"
-    AC_TRY_COMPILE([$4], [$5],
-	[$2
-	AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)],
-	[$3
-	AC_MSG_RESULT(no)])
-    ])
-])
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS], [
-    save_LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS"
-    LDFLAGS="[$]LDFLAGS $1"
-    AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether $1 is accepted as LDFLAGS])
-    RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
-    AC_TRY_LINK([$4], [$5],
-	[$2
-	AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)],
-	[$3
-	AC_MSG_RESULT(no)])
-    ])
-    LDFLAGS="$save_LDFLAGS"
-    save_LDFLAGS=
-])
-
-AS_CASE([$RUBY_PATCHLEVEL], [-*],
-	[particular_werror_flags=yes], [particular_werror_flags=no])
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(werror,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-werror],
-		       [don't make warnings into errors
-		       even if a compiler support -Werror feature
-		       [[disabled by default unless development version]]]),
-	[particular_werror_flags=$enableval])
-
-rb_cv_warnflags="$warnflags"
-if test "$GCC:${warnflags+set}:no" = yes::no; then
-    if test $gcc_major -ge 4; then
-	extra_warning=-Werror=extra-tokens
-    else
-	extra_warning=
-    fi
-    for wflag in -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wno-long-long \
-                 -diag-disable=2259 \
-		 -Wno-missing-field-initializers \
-		 -Wunused-variable \
-		 -Werror=pointer-arith \
-		 -Werror=write-strings \
-		 -Werror=declaration-after-statement \
-		 -Werror=shorten-64-to-32 \
-		 -Werror=implicit-function-declaration \
-		 -Werror=division-by-zero \
-		 -Werror=deprecated-declarations \
-		 -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat \
-		 $extra_warning \
-		 ; do
-	if test "$particular_werror_flags" != yes; then
-	    wflag=`echo x$wflag | sed 's/^x-Werror=/-W/;s/^x//'`
-	fi
-	ok=no
-	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS($wflag, [
-	    RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(warnflags, $wflag)
-	    ok=yes
-	])
-	AS_CASE([$ok:$wflag], [no:-Werror=*], [
-	    wflag=`echo x$wflag | sed 's/^x-Werror=/-W/'`
-	    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS($wflag, [
-		RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(warnflags, $wflag)
-		particular_werror_flags=no
-	    ])
-	])
-    done
-    AS_CASE([" $warnflags "],[*" -Wno-missing-field-initializers "*], [wflag="-Wall -Wextra"],
-                             [wflag=-Wall])
-    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS($wflag, [warnflags="$wflag${warnflags+ $warnflags}"])
-    # Disable warnflags while conftest. -Werror=* flags might make bad OS capability guess.
-    rb_cv_warnflags="$warnflags"
-    warnflags=
-fi
-RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-Qunused-arguments, [RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(rb_cv_wsuppress_flags, -Qunused-arguments)])
-
-if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-    # NaCl's glibc build generates undefined references to __memset_chk.
-    # TODO(sbc): Remove this once NaCl's glibc is fixed.
-    AS_CASE(["$target_os"], [nacl], [], [
-      # -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE
-      # When defined _FORTIFY_SOURCE, glibc enables some additional sanity
-      # argument check. The performance drop is very little and Ubuntu enables
-      # _FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 by default. So, let's support it for protecting us from
-      # a mistake of silly C extensions.
-      RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2, [RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2)])
-   ])
-
-    # -fstack-protector
-    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-    [mingw*|nacl|haiku], [
-	stack_protector=no
-    ])
-    if test -z "${stack_protector+set}"; then
-	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-fstack-protector, [stack_protector=yes], [stack_protector=no])
-	if test "x$stack_protector" = xyes; then
-	    RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS(-fstack-protector, [], [stack_protector=broken])
-	fi
-    fi
-    if test "x$stack_protector" = xyes; then
-	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -fstack-protector)
-	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XLDFLAGS, -fstack-protector)
-	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(LDFLAGS, -fstack-protector)
-    fi
-
-    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[mingw*], [
-      # On  Windows  platforms,   system  provided  headers  are  VC++
-      # optimized.  That  is, C++  habits are often  contaminated into
-      # various  headers.  Most frequent  situation is  the use  of //
-      # comments.   We  bypass  ANSI   C  mode  for  them.   Otherwise
-      # extension libs cannot include those headers.
-
-      # Since math.h in some mingw64 wrongly delcares frexp and modf
-      # to be pure, the variables pointed by the second arguments are
-      # considered uninitialized unexpectedly.
-      AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether frexp and modf are broken],
-	rb_cv_mingw64_broken_frexp_modf,
-	[
-	  save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
-	  if test "$particular_werror_flags" = "yes"; then
-	    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror=uninitialized"
-	  else
-	    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror -Wuninitialized"
-	  fi
-	  AC_TRY_COMPILE([@%:@include <math.h>
-	    int foo(double x)
-	    {
-	      int exp;
-	      frexp(x, &exp);
-	      return exp;
-	    }], [if (foo(0.0)) return 1;],
-	    [rb_cv_mingw64_broken_frexp_modf=no],
-	    [rb_cv_mingw64_broken_frexp_modf=yes])
-	  CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS"
-	])
-      if test "$rb_cv_mingw64_broken_frexp_modf" = yes; then
-	AC_DEFINE(RUBY_MINGW64_BROKEN_FREXP_MODF)
-      fi
-    ],
-    [cygwin*|darwin*|netbsd*|nacl], [
-      # need lgamma_r(), finite()
-    ],
-    [haiku], [
-      # Haiku R1/alpha3 uses gcc-4.4.4 which can not handle anonymous union
-      # with ANSI standard flags. Anonumous union is required to compile
-      # socket extension where <net/if.h> uses anonymous union.
-    ],
-    [
-      # ANSI (no XCFLAGS because this is C only)
-	for ansi_options in -std=iso9899:1999 "-ansi -std=iso9899:199409"; do
-	    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(${ansi_options}, [
-		RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(warnflags, ${ansi_options})
-		RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(strict_warnflags, ${ansi_options})
-	    ], [ansi_options=])
-	    test "x${ansi_options}" = x || break
-	done
-    ])
-
-    # suppress annoying -Wstrict-overflow warnings
-    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-fno-strict-overflow, [RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -fno-strict-overflow)])
-
-    test "${debugflags+set}" || {RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-ggdb3, [debugflags=-ggdb3])}
-    test "${debugflags+set}" || {RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-ggdb, [debugflags=-ggdb])}
-    test "${debugflags+set}" || {RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-g3, [debugflags=-g3])}
-fi
-test $ac_cv_prog_cc_g = yes && : ${debugflags=-g}
-
-if test "$GCC" = ""; then
-    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[aix*],[warnflags="$warnflags -qinfo=por" rb_cv_warnflags="$rb_cv_warnflags -qinfo=por"])
-fi
-if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-    if test "$gcc_major" -ge 4; then
-	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-fvisibility=hidden, [visibility_option=yes], [visibility_option=no])
-    fi
-    AC_SUBST(WERRORFLAG, "-Werror")
-    if test "$visibility_option" = yes; then
-	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -fvisibility=hidden)
-	AC_DEFINE(RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN, [_Pragma("GCC visibility push(default)")])
-	AC_DEFINE(RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END,   [_Pragma("GCC visibility pop")])
-    else
-	RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([-Wl,-unexported_symbol,_Init_*], [visibility_option=ld], [visibility_option=no])
-    fi
-    test "$visibility_option" = no -o "$host_os" = nacl || OBJCOPY=:
-fi
-
-if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-    # optflags
-
-    AS_CASE(["$target_os"], [mingw*], [
-	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-fno-omit-frame-pointer, [optflags="${optflags+$optflags }-fno-omit-frame-pointer"])
-    ])
-
-    # disable fast-math
-    for oflag in -fno-fast-math -fp-model\ precise; do
-	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS($oflag, [RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(optflags, $oflag)])
-    done
-fi
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(opt-dir,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-opt-dir=DIR-LIST],
-		       [add optional headers and libraries directories separated by $PATH_SEPARATOR]),
-	[
-		val=`echo "$PATH_SEPARATOR$withval" | sed "s|$PATH_SEPARATOR\([[^$PATH_SEPARATOR]*]\)| -I\1/include|g;s/^ //"`
-		CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS $val"
-		val=`echo "$PATH_SEPARATOR$withval" | sed "s|$PATH_SEPARATOR\([[^$PATH_SEPARATOR]*]\)| -L\1/lib|g;s/^ //"`
-		LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $val"
-		LDFLAGS_OPTDIR="$val"
-		OPT_DIR="$withval"
-	], [OPT_DIR=])
-
-test -z "${ac_env_CFLAGS_set}" -a -n "${cflags+set}" && eval CFLAGS="\"$cflags $ARCH_FLAG\""
-test -z "${ac_env_CXXFLAGS_set}" -a -n "${cxxflags+set}" && eval CXXFLAGS="\"$cxxflags $ARCH_FLAG\""
-
-}
-{ # header and library section
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(winnt-ver,
-  AS_HELP_STRING([--with-winnt-ver=0xXXXX], [target Windows NT version (default to 0x0501)]),
-  [with_winnt_ver="$withval"], [with_winnt_ver="0x0501"])
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-[mingw*], [
-  RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CPPFLAGS, -D_WIN32_WINNT=$with_winnt_ver)
-  RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CPPFLAGS, -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT)
-])
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-[freebsd*], [
-  AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether pthread should be enabled by default],
-    rb_cv_enable_pthread_default,
-    [AC_TRY_CPP([
-#include <osreldate.h>
-#if __FreeBSD_version < 502102
-#error pthread should be disabled on this platform
-#endif
-      ],
-      rb_cv_enable_pthread_default=yes,
-      rb_cv_enable_pthread_default=no)])
-  enable_pthread=$rb_cv_enable_pthread_default
-  ],
-[mingw*], [
-  enable_pthread=no
-  ],
-[
-  enable_pthread=yes
-  ])
-
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(pthread,
-       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-pthread], [obsolete, and ignored]))
-
-dnl Checks for libraries.
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[*bsd*|dragonfly*],[],[ac_cv_func_daemon=no])
-
-POSTLINK=:
-AC_SUBST(POSTLINK)
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-[nextstep*], [	],
-[openstep*], [	],
-[rhapsody*], [	],
-[darwin*], [	RUBY_PREPEND_OPTION(LIBS, -lobjc)
-		RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CPPFLAGS, -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT)
-		AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether Mac OS X 10.5 or later)
-		AC_TRY_CPP([#include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
-		    #if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED <= 1040
-		    #error pre OS X 10.4
-		    [!<===== pre OS X 10.4 =====>]
-		    #endif
-		    ],
-		    [macosx_10_5=yes], [macosx_10_5=no])
-		AC_MSG_RESULT($macosx_10_5)
-		AS_IF([test "${target_os@%:@darwin}" -ge 16], [
-		    ac_cv_func___syscall=no
-		    ac_cv_func_syscall=no
-		    ac_cv_header_sys_syscall_h=no
-		    ac_cv_header_syscall_h=no
-		])
-		if test $macosx_10_5 = yes; then
-		    ac_cv_func_getcontext=no
-		    ac_cv_func_setcontext=no
-		else
-		    AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_SETREUID, 1)
-		    AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_SETREGID, 1)
-		fi
-		ac_cv_type_getgroups=gid_t # getgroups() on Rosetta fills garbage
-		ac_cv_lib_crypt_crypt=no
-		ac_cv_func_fdatasync=no # Mac OS X wrongly reports it has fdatasync()
-		ac_cv_func_vfork=no
-		if test $gcc_major -lt 4 -o \( $gcc_major -eq 4 -a $gcc_minor -lt 3 \); then
-		    ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp=no
-		fi
-                AC_CACHE_CHECK(for broken crypt with 8bit chars, rb_cv_broken_crypt,
-                    [AC_TRY_RUN([
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-int
-main()
-{
-    int i;
-    for (i = 0; i < 128*128; i++) {
-	char salt[2], buf[256], *s;
-	salt[0] = 0x80 | (i & 0x7f);
-	salt[1] = 0x80 | (i >> 7);
-	strcpy(buf, crypt("", salt));
-	if (strcmp(buf, s = crypt("", salt))) {
-#if 0
-	    printf("%.2x%.2x: %s -> %s\n", (unsigned char)salt[0], (unsigned char)salt[1],
-		   buf+2, s+2);
-#endif
-	    return 1;
-	}
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-],
-	            rb_cv_broken_crypt=no,
-	            rb_cv_broken_crypt=yes,
-	            rb_cv_broken_crypt=yes)])
-                if test "$rb_cv_broken_crypt" = yes; then
-                  AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_CRYPT, 1)
-                fi
-		AC_CHECK_PROGS(codesign, codesign)
-		if test -n "$codesign"; then
-		    POSTLINK="test -z '\$(RUBY_CODESIGN)' || $codesign -s '\$(RUBY_CODESIGN)' -f \$@"
-		    LINK_SO="$LINK_SO
-\$(POSTLINK)"
-		fi
-		AC_CHECK_HEADERS(crt_externs.h, [], [], [
-		    #include <crt_externs.h>
-		])
-		],
-[hpux*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
-		ac_cv_c_inline=no],
-[beos*|haiku*], [
-		ac_cv_func_link=no
-		ac_cv_func_sched_yield=no
-		ac_cv_func_pthread_attr_setinheritsched=no
-		AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-		[beos*], [ ac_cv_header_net_socket_h=yes],
-		[haiku*], [ ac_cv_func_shutdown=no])
-		LIBS="$LIBS" # m lib is include in root under BeOS/Haiku
-		],
-[cygwin*], [	ac_cv_header_langinfo_h=yes
-		AC_CHECK_FUNCS(cygwin_conv_path)
-		AC_LIBOBJ([langinfo])
-		],
-[mingw*], [	LIBS="-lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi $LIBS"
-		ac_cv_header_a_out_h=no
-		ac_cv_header_pwd_h=no
-		ac_cv_header_utime_h=no
-		ac_cv_header_sys_ioctl_h=no
-		ac_cv_header_sys_param_h=no
-		ac_cv_header_sys_resource_h=no
-		ac_cv_header_sys_select_h=no
-		ac_cv_header_sys_time_h=no
-		ac_cv_header_sys_times_h=no
-		ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=no
-		ac_cv_func_times=yes
-		ac_cv_func_waitpid=yes
-		ac_cv_func_fsync=yes
-		ac_cv_func_seekdir=yes
-		ac_cv_func_telldir=yes
-		ac_cv_func_isinf=yes
-		ac_cv_func_isnan=yes
-		ac_cv_func_finite=yes
-		ac_cv_func_link=yes
-		ac_cv_lib_crypt_crypt=no
-		ac_cv_func_getpgrp_void=no
-		ac_cv_func_memcmp_working=yes
-		ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen=no
-		rb_cv_binary_elf=no
-		rb_cv_negative_time_t=no
-		ac_cv_func_fcntl=yes
-		ac_cv_func_flock=yes
-		ac_cv_func_gmtime_r=yes
-		rb_cv_large_fd_select=yes
-		ac_cv_type_struct_timeval=yes
-                ac_cv_func_clock_gettime=yes
-                ac_cv_func_clock_getres=yes
-		ac_cv_func_malloc_usable_size=no
-		{ test "$target_cpu" = x64 && ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp=no; }
-		AC_CHECK_TYPE([NET_LUID], [], [],
-			      [@%:@include <winsock2.h>
-			      @%:@include <iphlpapi.h>])
-		if test x"$ac_cv_type_NET_LUID" = xyes; then
-		    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_TYPE_NET_LUID, 1)
-		fi
-		AC_CHECK_FUNCS(_gmtime64_s)
-		AC_LIBOBJ([langinfo])
-		],
-[os2-emx*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
-		ac_cv_lib_dir_opendir=no],
-[bsdi*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
-		AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_SETREUID, 1)
-		AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_SETREGID, 1)
-                ac_cv_sizeof_rlim_t=8],
-[freebsd*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
-		ac_cv_func_getpeername=no
-		ac_cv_func_getsockname=no
-		ac_cv_func_shutdown=no
-		ac_cv_func_close=no
-		],
-[netbsd*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
-		],
-[dragonfly*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
-		# isinf() and isnan() are macros on DragonFly.
-		ac_cv_func_isinf=yes
-		ac_cv_func_isnan=yes
-		],
-[aix*],[	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
-		ac_cv_func_round=no
-		],
-[nacl], [
-  LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
-  if test "${nacl_cv_build_variant}" = "newlib"; then
-    RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CPPFLAGS, -DNACL_NEWLIB)
-  else
-    RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -fPIC)
-  fi
-  ],
-[	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"])
-
-AC_CHECK_LIB(crypt, crypt)      # glibc (GNU/Linux, GNU/Hurd, GNU/kFreeBSD)
-AC_CHECK_LIB(dl, dlopen)	# Dynamic linking for SunOS/Solaris and SYSV
-AC_CHECK_LIB(dld, shl_load)	# Dynamic linking for HP-UX
-AC_CHECK_LIB(socket, shutdown)  # SunOS/Solaris
-
-dnl Checks for header files.
-AC_HEADER_DIRENT
-dnl AC_HEADER_STDC has been checked in AC_USE_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS
-AC_HEADER_STDBOOL
-AC_HEADER_SYS_WAIT
-AC_CHECK_HEADERS( \
-  limits.h \
-  sys/file.h \
-  sys/ioctl.h \
-  sys/syscall.h \
-  fcntl.h \
-  sys/fcntl.h \
-  sys/param.h \
-  sys/select.h \
-  sys/time.h \
-  sys/times.h \
-  syscall.h \
-  pwd.h \
-  grp.h \
-  a.out.h \
-  utime.h \
-  direct.h \
-  sys/resource.h \
-  sys/mkdev.h \
-  sys/utime.h \
-  float.h \
-  ieeefp.h \
-  ucontext.h \
-  intrinsics.h \
-  langinfo.h \
-  locale.h \
-  sys/sendfile.h \
-  time.h \
-  net/socket.h \
-  sys/socket.h \
-  process.h \
-  sys/prctl.h \
-  sys/uio.h \
-  atomic.h \
-  malloc.h \
-  malloc_np.h \
-  malloc/malloc.h \
-  setjmpex.h \
-  sys/attr.h \
-  sys/id.h
-)
-
-AC_ARG_WITH([gmp],
-  [AS_HELP_STRING([--without-gmp],
-    [disable GNU GMP to accelerate Bignum operations])],
-  [],
-  [with_gmp=yes])
-AS_IF([test "x$with_gmp" != xno],
-  [AC_CHECK_HEADERS(gmp.h)
-   AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_header_gmp_h" != xno],
-     AC_CHECK_LIB([gmp], [__gmpz_init]))
-   with_gmp="$ac_cv_lib_gmp___gmpz_init"
-   AS_IF([test -z "$with_gmp"], [with_gmp=no])])
-
-AC_ARG_WITH([jemalloc],
-  [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-jemalloc],[use jemalloc allocator])],
-  [with_jemalloc=$withval], [with_jemalloc=no])
-AS_IF([test "x$with_jemalloc" = xyes],[
-  AC_CHECK_LIB([jemalloc], [malloc_conf], [], [with_jemalloc=no])
-  AC_CHECK_HEADER(jemalloc/jemalloc.h, [
-    AC_DEFINE(RUBY_ALTERNATIVE_MALLOC_HEADER, [<jemalloc/jemalloc.h>])
-  ])
-  AS_IF([test "x$with_jemalloc" = xno], [
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for jemalloc with JEMALLOC_MANGLE], rb_cv_jemalloc_demangle,
-      [AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([@%:@define JEMALLOC_MANGLE 1
-      @%:@ifdef RUBY_ALTERNATIVE_MALLOC_HEADER
-      @%:@include RUBY_ALTERNATIVE_MALLOC_HEADER
-      @%:@else
-      @%:@include <jemalloc.h>
-      @%:@endif], [return !&malloc_conf])],
-      [rb_cv_jemalloc_demangle=yes],
-      [rb_cv_jemalloc_demangle=no])
-    ])
-  ])
-  AS_IF([test "x$rb_cv_jemalloc_demangle" = xyes], [
-    AC_DEFINE(JEMALLOC_MANGLE)
-    with_jemalloc=yes
-  ])
-  AS_IF([test "x$with_jemalloc" = xyes],
-    [
-      ac_cv_func_malloc_usable_size=yes
-    ],
-    [AC_MSG_ERROR([jemalloc requested but not found])
-  ])
-])
-
-dnl check for large file stuff
-mv confdefs.h confdefs1.h
-: > confdefs.h
-AC_SYS_LARGEFILE
-mv confdefs.h largefile.h
-mv confdefs1.h confdefs.h
-cat largefile.h >> confdefs.h
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-    [mingw*], [ac_cv_type_off_t=yes;ac_cv_sizeof_off_t=8],
-    [aix*], [
-    AS_CASE(["$target_cpu:$ac_cv_sys_large_files"],
-	[ppc64:*|powerpc64:*], [],
-	[*:no|*:unknown], [],
-	[
-	    # AIX currently does not support a 32-bit call to posix_fadvise()
-	    # if _LARGE_FILES is defined.
-	    ac_cv_func_posix_fadvise=no
-	])
-    ])
-
-AC_C_BIGENDIAN
-AC_C_CONST
-AC_C_CHAR_UNSIGNED
-AC_C_INLINE
-AC_C_VOLATILE
-AC_C_TYPEOF
-
-AS_CASE(":$ac_cv_c_const:$ac_cv_c_volatile:",
-    [*:no:*], [AC_MSG_ERROR(ANSI C-conforming const and volatile are mandatory)])
-
-AC_CHECK_TYPES([long long, off_t])
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([char bit], [rb_cv_char_bit],
-    [test "$universal_binary" = yes && cross_compiling=yes
-    AC_COMPUTE_INT([rb_cv_char_bit], [CHAR_BIT],
-	[AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([@%:@include <limits.h>])], [rb_cv_char_bit=8])
-    test "$universal_binary" = yes && cross_compiling=$real_cross_compiling])
-
-dnl RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF [typename], [maybe same size types], [macros], [include]
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF],
-[m4_bmatch([$1], [\.], [], [if test "$universal_binary" = yes; then])
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([size of $1], [AS_TR_SH([ac_cv_sizeof_$1])], [
-    unset AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)
-    rbcv_var="
-typedef m4_bpatsubst([$1], [\..*]) ac__type_sizeof_;
-static ac__type_sizeof_ *rbcv_ptr;
-@%:@define AS_TR_CPP(SIZEOF_$1) sizeof((*rbcv_ptr)[]m4_bmatch([$1], [\.], .m4_bpatsubst([$1], [^[^.]*\.])))
-"
-    m4_ifval([$2], [test -z "${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)+set}" && {
-    for t in $2; do
-	AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(
-	    [AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY(AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([$4]
-		[$rbcv_var]),
-		[AS_TR_CPP(SIZEOF_$1) == sizeof($t)])], [
-		AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)=AS_TR_CPP([SIZEOF_]$t)
-		break])
-    done
-    }])
-    unset cond
-    m4_ifval([$3], [test -z "${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)+set}" && {
-    for s in 32 64 128; do
-	for t in $3; do
-	    cond="${cond}
-@%:@${cond+el}if defined(__${t}${s}__) || defined(__${t}${s}) || defined(_${t}${s}) || defined(${t}${s})"
-	    hdr="AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([$4
-@%:@if defined(__${t}${s}__) || defined(__${t}${s}) || defined(_${t}${s}) || defined(${t}${s})
-@%:@ define AS_TR_CPP(HAVE_$1) 1
-@%:@else
-@%:@ define AS_TR_CPP(HAVE_$1) 0
-@%:@endif])"
-	    AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([$hdr], [!AS_TR_CPP(HAVE_$1)])], [continue])
-	    AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([$hdr]
-				[$rbcv_var],
-				[AS_TR_CPP(HAVE_$1) == (AS_TR_CPP(SIZEOF_$1) == ([$[s / rb_cv_char_bit]]))])],
-		[AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)="${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)+${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)-} }${t}${s}"])
-	done
-    done
-    }])
-    m4_ifval([$2][$3],
-	[test "${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)@%:@SIZEOF_}" = "${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)}" && ]){
-    test "$universal_binary" = yes && cross_compiling=yes
-    AC_COMPUTE_INT([t], AS_TR_CPP(SIZEOF_$1), [AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([$4])]
-[${cond+$cond
-@%:@else}
-$rbcv_var
-${cond+@%:@endif}
-@%:@ifndef AS_TR_CPP(SIZEOF_$1)
-@%:@define AS_TR_CPP(SIZEOF_$1) 0
-@%:@endif], [t=0])
-    test "$universal_binary" = yes && cross_compiling=$real_cross_compiling
-    if test ${t-0} != 0; then
-	AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)="${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)+${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)-} }${t}"
-    fi
-    }
-    : ${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)=0}
-])
-{
-    unset cond
-    for t in ${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)-}; do
-	AS_CASE(["$t"],
-	[[[0-9]*|SIZEOF_*]], [
-	    ${cond+echo "@%:@else"}
-	    echo "[@%:@define ]AS_TR_CPP(SIZEOF_$1) [$t]"
-	    break
-	    ],
-	[
-	    s=`expr $t : ['.*[^0-9]\([0-9][0-9]*\)$']`
-	    echo "@%:@${cond+el}if defined(__${t}__) || defined(__${t}) || defined(_${t}) || defined($t)"
-	    echo "@%:@define AS_TR_CPP(SIZEOF_$1) [$[s / rb_cv_char_bit]]"
-	    cond=1
-	    ])
-    done
-    ${cond+echo "@%:@endif"}
-} >> confdefs.h
-m4_bmatch([$1], [\.], [], [else
-AC_CHECK_SIZEOF([$1], 0, [$4])
-fi])
-])
-
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(int, [], [ILP])
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(short)
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(long, [int], [ILP LP])
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(long long)
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(__int64)
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(__int128)
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(off_t)
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(void*, [int long "long long"], [ILP LP LLP])
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(float)
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(double)
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(time_t, [long "long long"], [], [@%:@include <time.h>])
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(clock_t, [], [], [@%:@include <time.h>])
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(packed struct attribute, rb_cv_packed_struct,
-    [rb_cv_packed_struct=no
-    for mac in \
-	"__pragma(pack(push, 1)) x __pragma(pack(pop))" \
-	"x __attribute__((packed))" \
-	; do
-	AC_TRY_COMPILE([@%:@define PACKED_STRUCT(x) $mac
-			PACKED_STRUCT(struct { int a; });], [],
-		[rb_cv_packed_struct=$mac; break])
-    done])
-packed_struct_unaligned=x
-if test "$rb_cv_packed_struct" != no; then
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([PACKED_STRUCT(x)], [$rb_cv_packed_struct])
-else
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([PACKED_STRUCT(x)], x)
-fi
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(PACKED_STRUCT_UNALIGNED(x), $packed_struct_unaligned)
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX], [
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([for printf prefix for $1], [rb_cv_pri_prefix_]AS_TR_SH($1),[
-    [rb_cv_pri_prefix_]AS_TR_SH($1)=[NONE]
-    RUBY_WERROR_FLAG(RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CFLAGS, $rb_cv_wsuppress_flags)
-    for pri in $2; do
-        AC_TRY_COMPILE(
-            [@%:@include <stdio.h>
-	    @%:@include <stddef.h>
-            @%:@ifdef __GNUC__
-            @%:@define PRINTF_ARGS(decl, string_index, first_to_check) \
-              decl __attribute__((format(printf, string_index, first_to_check)))
-            @%:@else
-            @%:@define PRINTF_ARGS(decl, string_index, first_to_check) decl
-            @%:@endif
-	    PRINTF_ARGS(void test_sprintf(const char*, ...), 1, 2);],
-            [printf("%]${pri}[d", (]$1[)42);
-            test_sprintf("%]${pri}[d", (]$1[)42);],
-            [rb_cv_pri_prefix_]AS_TR_SH($1)[=[$pri]; break])
-    done)])
-if test "[$rb_cv_pri_prefix_]AS_TR_SH($1)" != NONE; then
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([PRI_]m4_ifval($3,$3,AS_TR_CPP(m4_bpatsubst([$1],[_t$])))[_PREFIX],
-        "[$rb_cv_pri_prefix_]AS_TR_SH($1)")
-fi
-])
-
-if test "x$ac_cv_type_long_long" = xyes; then
-    RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(long long, ll I64, LL)
-elif test "x$ac_cv_type___int64" = xyes; then
-    RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(__int64, ll I64, LL)
-fi
-
-dnl RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF [typename] [if-signed] [if-unsigned] [included]
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_CHECK_SIGNEDNESS], [dnl
-    AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([$4])], [($1)-1 > 0])],
-		      [$3], [$2])])
-
-dnl RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE [typename] [default type] [macro type] [included]
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE], [dnl
-    AC_CHECK_TYPE([$1],
-		  [n="patsubst([$1],["],[\\"])"],
-		  [n="patsubst([$2],["],[\\"])"],
-		  [$4])
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for convertible type of [$1]], rb_cv_[$1]_convertible, [
-	u= t=
-	AS_CASE(["$n "],
-	  [*" signed "*], [ ],
-	  [*" unsigned "*], [
-	    u=U],
-	  [RUBY_CHECK_SIGNEDNESS($n, [], [u=U], [$4])])
-	if test x"$t" = x; then
-	    for t in "long long" long int short; do
-		test -n "$u" && t="unsigned $t"
-		AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(
-		    [AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([$4])]
-			[typedef $n rbcv_conftest_target_type;
-			typedef $t rbcv_conftest_replace_type;
-			extern rbcv_conftest_target_type rbcv_conftest_var;
-			extern rbcv_conftest_replace_type rbcv_conftest_var;
-			extern rbcv_conftest_target_type rbcv_conftest_func(void);
-			extern rbcv_conftest_replace_type rbcv_conftest_func(void);
-			], [sizeof(rbcv_conftest_target_type) == sizeof(rbcv_conftest_replace_type)])],
-		    [n="$t"; break])
-	    done
-	fi
-	AS_CASE([" $n "],
-	  [*" long long "*], [
-	    t=LL],
-	  [*" long "*], [
-	    t=LONG],
-	  [
-	    t=INT])
-	rb_cv_[$1]_convertible=${u}${t}])
-    test "${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_type_[$1])}" = "yes" && n="$1"
-    AS_CASE("${rb_cv_[$1]_convertible}", [U*], [u=+1], [u=-1])
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(rb_[$1], $n)
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([SIGNEDNESS_OF_]AS_TR_CPP($1), $u)
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([$3]2NUM[(v)], [${rb_cv_[$1]_convertible}2NUM(v)])
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(NUM2[$3][(v)], [NUM2${rb_cv_[$1]_convertible}(v)])
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(PRI_[$3]_PREFIX,
-	[PRI_`echo ${rb_cv_[$1]_convertible} | sed ['s/^U//']`_PREFIX])
-])
-RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(pid_t, int, PIDT)
-RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(uid_t, int, UIDT)
-RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(gid_t, int, GIDT)
-RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(time_t, [], TIMET, [@%:@include <time.h>])
-RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(dev_t, [int long "long long"], DEVT)
-RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(mode_t, ["unsigned int" long], MODET, [@%:@include <sys/stat.h>])
-RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(rlim_t, [int long "long long"], RLIM, [
-@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
-@%:@include <sys/types.h>
-@%:@endif
-@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
-@%:@include <sys/time.h>
-@%:@endif
-@%:@include <sys/resource.h>
-])
-RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(off_t, [], OFFT)
-RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(clockid_t, [], CLOCKID)
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for prototypes, rb_cv_have_prototypes,
-  [AC_TRY_COMPILE([int foo(int x) { return 0; }], [return foo(10);],
-	rb_cv_have_prototypes=yes,
-	rb_cv_have_prototypes=no)])
-if test "$rb_cv_have_prototypes" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_PROTOTYPES)
-fi
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(token paste string, rb_cv_tokenpaste,
-  [AC_TRY_COMPILE([@%:@define paste(a,b) a@%:@@%:@b],
-		  [int xy = 1; return paste(x,y);],
-		  rb_cv_tokenpaste=ansi,
-		  rb_cv_tokenpaste=knr)])
-if test "$rb_cv_tokenpaste" = ansi; then
-  AC_DEFINE(TOKEN_PASTE(x,y),[x@%:@@%:@y])
-else
-  AC_DEFINE(TOKEN_PASTE(x,y),[x/**/y])
-fi
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(stringization, rb_cv_stringization, [
-  rb_cv_stringization=no
-  for string in "#expr" '"expr"'; do
-    AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([
-      AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([
-#define STRINGIZE0(expr) $string
-#define STRINGIZE(expr) STRINGIZE0(expr)
-#undef real_test_for_stringization
-#define test_for_stringization -.real_test_for_stringization.-
-const char stringized[[]] = STRINGIZE(test_for_stringization);
-], [sizeof(stringized) == 32])],
-      [rb_cv_stringization="$string"; break],
-      [rb_cv_stringization=no])
-  done]
-)
-AC_DEFINE(STRINGIZE(expr),STRINGIZE0(expr))
-if test x"$rb_cv_stringization" != xno -a "$rb_cv_stringization" != "#expr"; then
-  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(STRINGIZE0(expr),$rb_cv_stringization)
-  AC_DEFINE(OLD_FASHIONED_STRINGIZATION,1)
-fi
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([string literal concatenation],
-  rb_cv_string_literal_concatenation, [
-  AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([
-    AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([
-const char concatenated_literal[[]] = "literals" "to"
-  "be" "concatenated.";
-], [sizeof(concatenated_literal) == 26])],
-    [rb_cv_string_literal_concatenation=yes],
-    [rb_cv_string_literal_concatenation=no])]
-)
-if test "$rb_cv_string_literal_concatenation" = no; then
-  AC_DEFINE(NO_STRING_LITERAL_CONCATENATION,1)
-fi
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for variable length prototypes and stdarg.h, rb_cv_stdarg,
-  [AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-#include <stdarg.h>
-int foo(int x, ...) {
-	va_list va;
-	va_start(va, x);
-	va_arg(va, int);
-	va_arg(va, char *);
-	va_arg(va, double);
-	return 0;
-}
-], [return foo(10, "", 3.14);],
-	rb_cv_stdarg=yes,
-	rb_cv_stdarg=no)])
-if test "$rb_cv_stdarg" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES)
-fi
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for variable length macro, rb_cv_va_args_macro,
-  [AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-int foo(int x, ...);
-@%:@define FOO(a, ...) foo(a, @%:@@%:@__VA_ARGS__)
-], [FOO(1);FOO(1,2);FOO(1,2,3);],
-  rb_cv_va_args_macro=yes,
-  rb_cv_va_args_macro=no)])
-if test "$rb_cv_va_args_macro" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_VA_ARGS_MACRO)
-fi
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_DEFINE_IF], [dnl
-    m4_ifval([$1], [AS_LITERAL_IF([$1], [], [test "X$1" = X || ])cat <<EOH >> confdefs.h
-@%:@if $1
-EOH
-])dnl
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED($2, $3)dnl
-    m4_ifval([$1], [AS_LITERAL_IF([$1], [], [test "X$1" = X || ])cat <<EOH >> confdefs.h
-@%:@endif /* $1 */
-EOH
-])dnl
-])dnl
-
-dnl RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(attrib, macroname, cachevar, condition)
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE], [dnl
-m4_ifval([$2], dnl
-  [AS_VAR_PUSHDEF([attrib],[$2])], dnl
-  [AS_VAR_PUSHDEF([attrib],[FUNC_]AS_TR_CPP($1))] dnl
-)dnl
-m4_ifval([$3], dnl
-  [AS_VAR_PUSHDEF([rbcv],[$3])], dnl
-  [AS_VAR_PUSHDEF([rbcv],[rb_cv_func_][$1])]dnl
-)dnl
-m4_pushdef([attrib_code],[m4_bpatsubst([$1],["],[\\"])])
-m4_ifval([$4], [rbcv_cond=["$4"]; test "$rbcv_cond" || unset rbcv_cond])
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for m4_ifval([$2],[$2],[$1]) function attribute, rbcv,
-[rbcv=x
-RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
-for mac in \
-    "__attribute__ ((attrib_code)) x" \
-    "x __attribute__ ((attrib_code))" \
-    "__declspec(attrib_code) x" \
-    x; do
-  m4_ifval([$4],mac="$mac"${rbcv_cond+" /* only if $rbcv_cond */"})
-  AC_TRY_COMPILE(
-    m4_ifval([$4],${rbcv_cond+[@%:@if ]$rbcv_cond})
-[@%:@define ]attrib[(x) $mac]
-m4_ifval([$4],${rbcv_cond+[@%:@else]}
-${rbcv_cond+[@%:@define ]attrib[(x) x]}
-${rbcv_cond+[@%:@endif]})
-    attrib[(void conftest_attribute_check(void));], [],
-    [rbcv="$mac"; break])
-done
-])])
-if test "$rbcv" != x; then
-    RUBY_DEFINE_IF(m4_ifval([$4],[${rbcv_cond}]), attrib[(x)], $rbcv)
-fi
-m4_ifval([$4], [unset rbcv_cond]) dnl
-AS_VAR_POPDEF([attrib])dnl
-AS_VAR_POPDEF([rbcv])dnl
-])
-
-RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(noreturn, NORETURN)
-RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(deprecated, DEPRECATED)
-RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(noinline, NOINLINE)
-
-if_i386=${universal_binary+[defined __i386__]}
-RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(stdcall,  [], [], ${if_i386})
-RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(cdecl,    [], [], ${if_i386})
-RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(fastcall, [], [], ${if_i386})
-RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(optimize("-Os","-fomit-frame-pointer"), FUNC_MINIMIZED, rb_cv_func_minimized)
-
-if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for function alias], [rb_cv_gcc_function_alias],
-	[rb_cv_gcc_function_alias=no
-	for a in alias weak,alias; do
-	    AC_TRY_LINK([void foo(void) {}
-		void bar(void) __attribute__(($a("foo")));], [bar()],
-		[rb_cv_gcc_function_alias=$a; break])
-	done])
-    if test "$rb_cv_gcc_function_alias" != no; then
-	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_FUNCTION_ALIAS)
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION_TYPE(type, prot, name, args)],
-			   [type prot __attribute__(($rb_cv_gcc_function_alias(@%:@name)));])
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION_VOID(prot, name, args)],
-			   [RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION_TYPE(void, prot, name, args)])
-    fi
-
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for __atomic builtins], [rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins], [
-	AC_TRY_LINK([unsigned char atomic_var;],
-		    [
-			__atomic_exchange_n(&atomic_var, 0, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
-			__atomic_exchange_n(&atomic_var, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
-			__atomic_fetch_add(&atomic_var, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
-			__atomic_fetch_sub(&atomic_var, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
-			__atomic_or_fetch(&atomic_var, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
-		    ],
-		    [rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins=yes],
-		    [rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins=no])])
-    if test "$rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins" = yes; then
-	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
-    fi
-
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for __sync builtins], [rb_cv_gcc_sync_builtins], [
-	AC_TRY_LINK([unsigned char atomic_var;],
-		    [
-			__sync_lock_test_and_set(&atomic_var, 0);
-			__sync_lock_test_and_set(&atomic_var, 1);
-			__sync_fetch_and_add(&atomic_var, 1);
-			__sync_fetch_and_sub(&atomic_var, 1);
-			__sync_or_and_fetch(&atomic_var, 1);
-			__sync_val_compare_and_swap(&atomic_var, 0, 1);
-		    ],
-		    [rb_cv_gcc_sync_builtins=yes],
-		    [rb_cv_gcc_sync_builtins=no])])
-    if test "$rb_cv_gcc_sync_builtins" = yes; then
-	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
-    fi
-
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK(for __builtin_unreachable, rb_cv_func___builtin_unreachable,
-    [RUBY_WERROR_FLAG(
-    [AC_TRY_LINK([volatile int zero;],
-	[if (zero) __builtin_unreachable();],
-	[rb_cv_func___builtin_unreachable=yes],
-	[rb_cv_func___builtin_unreachable=no])
-    ])
-    ])
-    if test "$rb_cv_func___builtin_unreachable" = yes; then
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(UNREACHABLE, [__builtin_unreachable()])
-    fi
-fi
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for exported function attribute, rb_cv_func_exported, [
-rb_cv_func_exported=no
-RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
-for mac in '__attribute__ ((visibility("default")))' '__declspec(dllexport)'; do
-  AC_TRY_COMPILE([@%:@define RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED $mac extern
-    RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED void conftest_attribute_check(void);], [],
-    [rb_cv_func_exported="$mac"; break])
-done
-])])
-if test "$rb_cv_func_exported" != no; then
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED, [$rb_cv_func_exported extern])
-fi
-
-RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -DRUBY_EXPORT)
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for function name string predefined identifier,
-    rb_cv_function_name_string,
-    [rb_cv_function_name_string=no
-    RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
-	for func in __func__ __FUNCTION__; do
-	    AC_TRY_LINK([@%:@include <stdio.h>],
-			[puts($func);],
-			[rb_cv_function_name_string=$func
-			break])
-	done
-    ])]
-)
-if test "$rb_cv_function_name_string" != no; then
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_FUNCTION_NAME_STRING, [$rb_cv_function_name_string])
-fi
-
-dnl Check whether we need to define sys_nerr locally
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([sys_nerr], [], [], [$ac_includes_default
-@%:@include <errno.h>])
-
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([getenv])
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"],
-[alpha*|sh4|sh4el|sh4eb], [AS_CASE(["$target_os"::"$GCC"],
-		[*::yes],  # gcc
-			[CFLAGS="-mieee $CFLAGS"],
-		[osf*],    # ccc
-			[CFLAGS="-ieee $CFLAGS"],
-		)],
-[sparc*], [AC_LIBOBJ([sparc])])
-
-ac_cv_header_net_socket_h=${ac_cv_header_net_socket_h=no}
-if test "$ac_cv_header_net_socket_h" = yes; then
-    ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=no}
-else
-    ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=yes}
-fi
-
-
-AC_TYPE_SIZE_T
-RUBY_CHECK_SIGNEDNESS(size_t, [AC_MSG_ERROR(size_t is signed)], [],
-		      [@%:@include <sys/types.h>])
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(size_t, [int long void*], [], [@%:@include <sys/types.h>])
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(ptrdiff_t, size_t, [], [@%:@include <stddef.h>])
-RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(size_t, z)
-RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(ptrdiff_t, t)
-AC_STRUCT_ST_BLKSIZE
-AC_STRUCT_ST_BLOCKS
-AC_STRUCT_ST_RDEV
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF([struct stat.st_size], [off_t int long "long long"], [], [@%:@include <sys/stat.h>])
-if test "$ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_blocks" = yes; then
-    RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF([struct stat.st_blocks], [off_t int long "long long"], [], [@%:@include <sys/stat.h>])
-fi
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF([struct stat.st_ino], [long "long long"], [], [@%:@include <sys/stat.h>])
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_atim])
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_atimespec])
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_atimensec])
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_mtim])
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_mtimespec])
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_mtimensec])
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_ctim])
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_ctimespec])
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_ctimensec])
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_birthtimespec])
-
-AC_CHECK_TYPES([struct timeval], [], [], [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
-@%:@include <time.h>
-@%:@endif
-@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
-@%:@include <sys/time.h>
-@%:@endif])
-
-if test "${ac_cv_type_struct_timeval}" = yes; then
-    RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF([struct timeval.tv_sec], [time_t long "long long"], [],
-		      [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
-@%:@include <time.h>
-@%:@endif
-@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
-@%:@include <sys/time.h>
-@%:@endif])
-    AS_CASE(${ac_cv_sizeof_struct_timeval_tv_sec},
-	    [SIZEOF_INT], [t=int],
-	    [SIZEOF_LONG], [t=long],
-	    [SIZEOF_LONG_LONG], [t=LONG_LONG],
-	    [t=])
-    if test "${t}" != ""; then
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(TYPEOF_TIMEVAL_TV_SEC, [$t])
-    fi
-fi
-
-AC_CHECK_TYPES([struct timespec], [], [], [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
-@%:@include <time.h>
-@%:@endif
-@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
-@%:@include <sys/time.h>
-@%:@endif])
-
-AC_CHECK_TYPES([struct timezone], [], [], [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
-@%:@ include <time.h>
-@%:@endif
-@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
-@%:@ include <sys/time.h>
-@%:@endif])
-
-AC_CHECK_TYPES([clockid_t], [], [], [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
-@%:@ include <time.h>
-@%:@endif
-@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
-@%:@ include <sys/time.h>
-@%:@endif])
-
-AC_CACHE_VAL([rb_cv_large_fd_select],
-    [AC_CHECK_TYPE(fd_mask, [rb_cv_large_fd_select=yes], [rb_cv_large_fd_select=no])])
-if test "$rb_cv_large_fd_select" = yes; then
-    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_RB_FD_INIT, 1)
-fi
-
-dnl RUBY_DEFINT TYPENAME, SIZE, [SIGNED-OR-UNSIGNED], [INCLUDES = DEFAULT-INCLUDES]
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_DEFINT], [dnl
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([for $1], [rb_cv_type_$1],
-[AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([$4])
-typedef $1 t; int s = sizeof(t) == 42;])],
-   [rb_cv_type_$1=yes],
-   [AS_CASE([m4_bmatch([$2], [^[1-9][0-9]*$], $2, [$ac_cv_sizeof_]AS_TR_SH($2))],
-    ["1"], [ rb_cv_type_$1="m4_if([$3], [], [signed ], [$3 ])char"],
-    ["$ac_cv_sizeof_short"], [ rb_cv_type_$1="m4_if([$3], [], [], [$3 ])short"],
-    ["$ac_cv_sizeof_int"], [ rb_cv_type_$1="m4_if([$3], [], [], [$3 ])int"],
-    ["$ac_cv_sizeof_long"], [ rb_cv_type_$1="m4_if([$3], [], [], [$3 ])long"],
-    ["$ac_cv_sizeof_long_long"], [ rb_cv_type_$1="m4_if([$3], [], [], [$3 ])long long"],
-    ["$ac_cv_sizeof___int64"], [ rb_cv_type_$1="m4_if([$3], [], [], [$3 ])__int64"],
-    ["$ac_cv_sizeof___int128"], [ rb_cv_type_$1="m4_if([$3], [], [], [$3 ])__int128"],
-    [ rb_cv_type_$1=no])])])
-if test "${rb_cv_type_$1}" != no; then
-    AC_DEFINE([HAVE_]AS_TR_CPP($1), 1)
-    if test "${rb_cv_type_$1}" = yes; then
-	m4_bmatch([$2], [^[1-9][0-9]*$], [AC_CHECK_SIZEOF([$1], 0, [AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([$4])])],
-			[RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF([$1], [$2], [], [AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([$4])])])
-    else
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED($1, [$rb_cv_type_$1])
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([SIZEOF_]AS_TR_CPP($1), [SIZEOF_]AS_TR_CPP([$rb_cv_type_$1]))
-    fi
-fi
-])
-
-RUBY_DEFINT(int8_t, 1)
-RUBY_DEFINT(uint8_t, 1, unsigned)
-RUBY_DEFINT(int16_t, 2)
-RUBY_DEFINT(uint16_t, 2, unsigned)
-RUBY_DEFINT(int32_t, 4)
-RUBY_DEFINT(uint32_t, 4, unsigned)
-RUBY_DEFINT(int64_t, 8)
-RUBY_DEFINT(uint64_t, 8, unsigned)
-RUBY_DEFINT(int128_t, 16)
-RUBY_DEFINT(uint128_t, 16, unsigned)
-RUBY_DEFINT(intptr_t, void*)
-RUBY_DEFINT(uintptr_t, void*, unsigned)
-RUBY_DEFINT(ssize_t, size_t, [], [@%:@include <sys/types.h>])	dnl may differ from int, so not use AC_TYPE_SSIZE_T.
-
-RUBY_NACL_CHECK_PEPPER_TYPES
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for stack end address, rb_cv_stack_end_address,
-[rb_cv_stack_end_address=no
-  AC_TRY_LINK(
-    [extern void *__libc_stack_end;],
-    [if (!__libc_stack_end) return 1;],
-    [rb_cv_stack_end_address="__libc_stack_end"])
-])
-if test $rb_cv_stack_end_address != no; then
-  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(STACK_END_ADDRESS, $rb_cv_stack_end_address)
-fi
-
-# posix_memalign(memptr, alignment, size) implemented for OpenBSD 4.8 doesn't work if alignment > MALLOC_PAGESIZE.
-# [ruby-core:42158] https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/5901
-# OpenBSD 5.2 fixed the problem. (src/lib/libc/stdlib/malloc.c:1.142)
-# MirOS #10semel has the problem but fixed in the repository.  (src/lib/libc/stdlib/malloc.c:1.9)
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-[openbsd*|mirbsd*], [
-  AC_CACHE_CHECK(for heap align log on openbsd, rb_cv_page_size_log,
-    [rb_cv_page_size_log=no
-     for page_log in 12 13; do
-       AC_TRY_RUN([
-#include <math.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-int
-main() {
-  if ((int)log2((double)sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)) != $page_log) return 1;
-  return 0;
-}
-       ],
-       rb_cv_page_size_log="$page_log"; break)
-     done])
-  if test $rb_cv_page_size_log != no; then
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HEAP_ALIGN_LOG, $rb_cv_page_size_log)
-  else
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HEAP_ALIGN_LOG, 12)
-  fi
-])
-
-dnl Checks for library functions.
-AC_TYPE_GETGROUPS
-AC_TYPE_SIGNAL
-AS_CASE(["${target_cpu}-${target_os}:${target_archs}"],
-[powerpc-darwin*], [
-  AC_LIBSOURCES(alloca.c)
-  AC_SUBST([ALLOCA], [\${LIBOBJDIR}alloca.${ac_objext}])
-  AC_DEFINE(C_ALLOCA)
-  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(alloca, alloca)
-  ],
-[universal-darwin*:*ppc*], [
-  AC_LIBSOURCES(alloca.c)
-  AC_SUBST([ALLOCA], [\${LIBOBJDIR}alloca.${ac_objext}])
-  RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __powerpc__], C_ALLOCA, 1)
-  RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __powerpc__], alloca, alloca)
-  ],
-[
-  AC_FUNC_ALLOCA
-  ])
-if test "x$ALLOCA" = "x"; then
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for dynamic size alloca], rb_cv_dynamic_alloca, [
-    for chk in ok __chkstk; do
-	AC_TRY_LINK([
-	    @%:@ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
-	    @%:@include <alloca.h>
-	    @%:@endif
-	    void $chk() {}
-	    int dynamic_alloca_test;
-	    int dynamic_alloca_result;],
-	    [dynamic_alloca_result = alloca(dynamic_alloca_test) != 0;],
-	    [rb_cv_dynamic_alloca=$chk; break])
-    done])
-    if test "x$rb_cv_dynamic_alloca" = "x__chkstk"; then
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_ALLOCA_CHKSTK, _$rb_cv_dynamic_alloca)
-	AS_CASE("$target_cpu",
-	[x64|x86_64], [
-	    AC_SUBST([ALLOCA], [\${LIBOBJDIR}x86_64-chkstk.${ac_objext}])
-	],)
-    fi
-fi
-AC_FUNC_MEMCMP
-
-# http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-hacker/2005-08/msg00008.html
-# Debian GNU/Linux Etch's libc6.1 2.3.6.ds1-13etch5 has this problem.
-# Debian GNU/Linux Lenny's libc6.1 2.7-10 has no problem.
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for broken erfc of glibc-2.3.6 on IA64, rb_cv_broken_glibc_ia64_erfc,
-  [AC_TRY_RUN([
-#include <math.h>
-int
-main()
-{
-   erfc(10000.0);
-   return 0;
-}
-],
-	rb_cv_broken_glibc_ia64_erfc=no,
-	rb_cv_broken_glibc_ia64_erfc=yes,
-	rb_cv_broken_glibc_ia64_erfc=no)])
-AS_CASE([$rb_cv_broken_glibc_ia64_erfc],[yes],[ac_cv_func_erf=no])
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[freebsd*],[
-	 AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_CLOSE)
-	 AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(close)
-	 ])
-
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(acosh)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(cbrt)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(crypt)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(dup2)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(erf)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(ffs)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(finite)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(flock)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(hypot)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(isinf)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(isnan)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(lgamma_r)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(memmove)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(nextafter)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(setproctitle)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strchr)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strerror)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strlcat)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strlcpy)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strstr)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(tgamma)
-
-# for missing/setproctitle.c
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-[aix* | k*bsd*-gnu | kopensolaris*-gnu | linux* | darwin*], [AC_DEFINE(SPT_TYPE,SPT_REUSEARGV)],
-[hpux*], [AC_DEFINE(SPT_TYPE,SPT_PSTAT) ],
-[])
-AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/pstat.h)
-
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for signbit, rb_cv_have_signbit,
-  [AC_TRY_LINK([
-#include <math.h>
-], [int v = signbit(-0.0);],
-	rb_cv_have_signbit=yes,
-	rb_cv_have_signbit=no)])
-if test "$rb_cv_have_signbit" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_SIGNBIT)
-else
-  AC_LIBOBJ([signbit])
-fi
-
-AC_FUNC_FORK
-
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(__syscall)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(_longjmp)		# used for AC_ARG_WITH(setjmp-type)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(_setjmp)			# used for AC_ARG_WITH(setjmp-type)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(_setjmpex)		# used for AC_ARG_WITH(setjmp-type)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(atan2l atan2f)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(chroot)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(chsize)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(clock_gettime)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(cosh)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(daemon)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dirfd)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dl_iterate_phdr)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dlopen)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dladdr)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dup)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dup3)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(eaccess)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(endgrent)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fchmod)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fchown)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fcntl)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fdatasync)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fgetattrlist)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fmod)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fsync)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(ftruncate)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(ftruncate64)		# used for Win32 platform
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getattrlist)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getcwd)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getgidx)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getgrnam)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getgrnam_r)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getgroups)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpgid)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpgrp)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpriority)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpwnam_r)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getresgid)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getresuid)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getrlimit)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getsid)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(gettimeofday)		# for making ac_cv_func_gettimeofday
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getuidx)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(gmtime_r)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(initgroups)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(ioctl)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(isfinite)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(issetugid)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(killpg)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(lchmod)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(lchown)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(link)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(llabs)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(lockf)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(log2)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(lstat)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(malloc_usable_size)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(malloc_size)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(mblen)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(memalign)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(writev)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(memrchr)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(memmem)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(mktime)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(pipe2)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(poll)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(posix_fadvise)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(posix_memalign)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(ppoll)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(pread)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(qsort_r)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(readlink)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(round)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sched_getaffinity)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(seekdir)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(select_large_fdset)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sendfile)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setegid)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setenv)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(seteuid)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setgid)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setgroups)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setpgid)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setpgrp)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setregid)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setresgid)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setresuid)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setreuid)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setrgid)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setrlimit)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setruid)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setsid)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setuid)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(shutdown)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sigaction)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sigaltstack)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sigprocmask)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sinh)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(spawnv)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(symlink)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(syscall)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sysconf)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(tanh)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(telldir)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(timegm)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(times)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(truncate)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(truncate64)		# used for Win32
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(unsetenv)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(utimensat)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(utimes)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(wait4)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(waitpid)
-
-AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_getcwd" = yes], [
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK(if getcwd allocates buffer if NULL is given, [rb_cv_getcwd_malloc],
-	[AC_TRY_RUN([
-@%:@include <stddef.h>
-@%:@include <stdio.h>
-@%:@ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
-@%:@include <unistd.h>
-@%:@endif
-@%:@ifndef EXIT_SUCCESS
-@%:@define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
-@%:@endif
-@%:@ifndef EXIT_FAILURE
-@%:@define EXIT_FAILURE 1
-@%:@endif
-
-int
-main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
-    if (!getcwd(NULL, 0)) return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
-}
-],
-	    rb_cv_getcwd_malloc=yes,
-	    rb_cv_getcwd_malloc=no,
-	    AS_CASE($target_os,
-		[linux*|darwin*|*bsd|cygwin*|mingw*|mswin*],
-		[rb_cv_getcwd_malloc=yes],
-		[rb_cv_getcwd_malloc=no]))])
-    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_getcwd_malloc" = no], [AC_DEFINE(NO_GETCWD_MALLOC, 1)])
-])
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC], [dnl
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([for $1], AS_TR_SH(rb_cv_builtin_$1),
-  [AC_LINK_IFELSE(
-    [AC_LANG_PROGRAM([int foo;], [$2;])],
-    [AS_TR_SH(rb_cv_builtin_$1)=yes],
-    [AS_TR_SH(rb_cv_builtin_$1)=no])])
-if test "${AS_TR_SH(rb_cv_builtin_$1)}" != no; then
-  AC_DEFINE(AS_TR_CPP(HAVE_BUILTIN_$1))
-fi])
-RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_bswap16, [__builtin_bswap16(0)])
-RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_bswap32, [__builtin_bswap32(0)])
-RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_bswap64, [__builtin_bswap64(0)])
-RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_clz, [__builtin_clz(0)])
-RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_clzl, [__builtin_clzl(0)])
-RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_clzll, [__builtin_clzll(0)])
-RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_choose_expr, [__builtin_choose_expr(0, 0, 0)])
-RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_choose_expr_constant_p, [__builtin_choose_expr(__builtin_constant_p(foo), 0, 0)])
-RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_types_compatible_p, [__builtin_types_compatible_p(int, int)])
-
-if test "$ac_cv_func_qsort_r" != no; then
-  AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether qsort_r is GNU version, rb_cv_gnu_qsort_r,
-    [AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-@%:@include <stdlib.h>
-void qsort_r(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
-	    int (*compar)(const void *, const void *, void *),
-	    void *arg);
-],[ ],
-      [rb_cv_gnu_qsort_r=yes],
-      [rb_cv_gnu_qsort_r=no])
-  ])
-  AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether qsort_r is BSD version, rb_cv_bsd_qsort_r,
-    [AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-@%:@include <stdlib.h>
-void qsort_r(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
-	     void *arg, int (*compar)(void *, const void *, const void *));
-],[ ],
-      [rb_cv_bsd_qsort_r=yes],
-      [rb_cv_bsd_qsort_r=no])
-  ])
-  AS_CASE("$rb_cv_gnu_qsort_r:$rb_cv_bsd_qsort_r",
-  [yes:no], [
-    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GNU_QSORT_R, 1)
-  ])
-fi
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether atan2 handles Inf as C99, rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99, [
-    AS_IF([test $ac_cv_func_atan2f:$ac_cv_func_atan2l = yes:yes], [
-	AC_TRY_RUN([
-@%:@include <math.h>
-@%:@ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
-@%:@include <unistd.h>
-@%:@endif
-@%:@ifndef EXIT_SUCCESS
-@%:@define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
-@%:@endif
-@%:@ifndef EXIT_FAILURE
-@%:@define EXIT_FAILURE 1
-@%:@endif
-
-int
-main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
-    if (fabs(atan2(INFINITY, INFINITY) - M_PI_4) <= 0.01) return EXIT_SUCCESS;
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-}
-],
-	[rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99=yes],
-	[rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99=no],
-	[AS_CASE($target_os, [mingw*|mswin*], [rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99=no], [rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99=yes])]
-	)
-    ], [rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99=no])
-])
-AS_IF([test "x$rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99" = xyes], [AC_DEFINE(ATAN2_INF_C99)])
-
-AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_func_lgamma_r" = xyes], [
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether lgamma_r handles -0.0, rb_cv_lgamma_r_m0, [
-	AC_TRY_RUN([
-@%:@include <math.h>
-@%:@ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
-@%:@include <unistd.h>
-@%:@endif
-@%:@ifndef EXIT_SUCCESS
-@%:@define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
-@%:@endif
-@%:@ifndef EXIT_FAILURE
-@%:@define EXIT_FAILURE 1
-@%:@endif
-
-int
-main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
-    int sign;
-    double x = lgamma_r(-0.0, &sign);
-
-    /* should be [+inf, -1] */
-    if (x <= 0) return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    if (!isinf(x)) return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    if (sign != -1) return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
-}
-],
-	[rb_cv_lgamma_r_m0=yes],
-	[rb_cv_lgamma_r_m0=no],
-	[rb_cv_lgamma_r_m0=yes]
-	)
-    ])
-    AS_IF([test "x$rb_cv_lgamma_r_m0" = xno], [AC_DEFINE(LGAMMA_R_M0_FIX)])
-])
-
-# Some platform need -lrt for clock_gettime, but the other don't.
-if test x"$ac_cv_func_clock_gettime" != xyes; then
-    # glibc 2.17 moves clock_* functions from librt to the main C library.
-    # http://sourceware.org/ml/libc-announce/2012/msg00001.html
-    AC_CHECK_LIB(rt, clock_gettime)
-    if test x"$ac_cv_lib_rt_clock_gettime" = xyes; then
-	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME, 1)
-    fi
-fi
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(clock_getres) # clock_getres should be tested after clock_gettime test including librt test.
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for unsetenv returns a value, rb_cv_unsetenv_return_value,
-  [AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-#include <stdlib.h>
-], [int v = unsetenv("foo");],
-	rb_cv_unsetenv_return_value=yes,
-	rb_cv_unsetenv_return_value=no)])
-if test "$rb_cv_unsetenv_return_value" = no; then
-  AC_DEFINE(VOID_UNSETENV)
-fi
-
-# used for AC_ARG_WITH(setjmp-type)
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for sigsetjmp as a macro or function, ac_cv_func_sigsetjmp,
-  [AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-#include <setjmp.h>
-], [sigjmp_buf env; sigsetjmp(env,1);],
-	ac_cv_func_sigsetjmp=yes,
-	ac_cv_func_sigsetjmp=no)])
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_SETJMP], [
-if test x"${ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp}" = xyes; then
-   unset ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp
-fi
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for __builtin_setjmp, ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp,
-    [
-    ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp=no
-    for cast in "" "(void **)"; do
-	RUBY_WERROR_FLAG(
-	[AC_TRY_LINK([@%:@include <setjmp.h>
-	    @%:@include <stdio.h>
-	    jmp_buf jb;
-	    void t(void) {__builtin_longjmp($cast jb, 1);}
-	    int jump(void) {(void)(__builtin_setjmp($cast jb) ? 1 : 0); return 0;}],
-	    [
-	    void (*volatile f)(void) = t;
-	    if (!jump()) printf("%d\n", f != 0);
-	    ],
-	    [ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp="yes with cast ($cast)"])
-	])
-	test "$ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp" = no || break
-    done])
-])
-
-# we don't use _setjmp if _longjmp doesn't exist.
-test x$ac_cv_func__longjmp = xno && ac_cv_func__setjmp=no
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_SETJMP_TYPE], [
-RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_SETJMP
-AC_MSG_CHECKING(for setjmp type)
-setjmp_suffix=
-AC_ARG_WITH(setjmp-type,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-setjmp-type], [select setjmp type]),
-	[
-	AS_CASE([$withval],
-	[__builtin_setjmp], [setjmp=__builtin_setjmp],
-	[_setjmp], [ setjmp_prefix=_],
-	[sigsetjmp], [ setjmp_prefix=sig],
-	[setjmp], [ setjmp_prefix=],
-	[setjmpex], [ setjmp_prefix= setjmp_suffix=ex],
-	[''], [ unset setjmp_prefix],
-	[   AC_MSG_ERROR(invalid setjmp type: $withval)])], [unset setjmp_prefix])
-setjmp_cast=
-if test ${setjmp_prefix+set}; then
-    if test "${setjmp_prefix}" && eval test '$ac_cv_func_'${setjmp_prefix}setjmp${setjmp_suffix} = no; then
-	AC_MSG_ERROR(${setjmp_prefix}setjmp${setjmp_suffix} is not available)
-    fi
-elif { AS_CASE("$ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp", [yes*], [true], [false]) }; then
-    setjmp_cast=`expr "$ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp" : "yes with cast (\(.*\))"`
-    setjmp_prefix=__builtin_
-    setjmp_suffix=
-elif test "$ac_cv_header_setjmpex_h:$ac_cv_func__setjmpex" = yes:yes; then
-    setjmp_prefix=
-    setjmp_suffix=ex
-elif test "$ac_cv_func__setjmp" = yes; then
-    setjmp_prefix=_
-    setjmp_suffix=
-elif test "$ac_cv_func_sigsetjmp" = yes; then
-    AS_CASE([$target_os],[solaris*|cygwin*],[setjmp_prefix=],[setjmp_prefix=sig])
-    setjmp_suffix=
-else
-    setjmp_prefix=
-    setjmp_suffix=
-fi
-if test x$setjmp_prefix = xsig; then
-    setjmp_sigmask=yes
-else
-    unset setjmp_sigmask
-fi
-AC_MSG_RESULT(${setjmp_prefix}setjmp${setjmp_suffix}${setjmp_cast:+\($setjmp_cast\)})
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([RUBY_SETJMP(env)], [${setjmp_prefix}setjmp${setjmp_suffix}($setjmp_cast(env)${setjmp_sigmask+,0})])
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([RUBY_LONGJMP(env,val)], [${setjmp_prefix}longjmp($setjmp_cast(env),val)])
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_JMP_BUF, ${setjmp_sigmask+${setjmp_prefix}}jmp_buf)
-])
-# End of setjmp check.
-
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(setreuid,
-       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-setreuid], [use setreuid()/setregid() according to need even if obsolete]),
-       [use_setreuid=$enableval])
-if test "$use_setreuid" = yes; then
-    AC_DEFINE(USE_SETREUID)
-    AC_DEFINE(USE_SETREGID)
-fi
-AC_STRUCT_TIMEZONE
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for struct tm.tm_gmtoff, rb_cv_member_struct_tm_tm_gmtoff,
-  [AC_TRY_COMPILE([@%:@include <time.h>],
-    [struct tm t; t.tm_gmtoff = 3600;],
-  [rb_cv_member_struct_tm_tm_gmtoff=yes],
-  [rb_cv_member_struct_tm_tm_gmtoff=no])])
-if test "$rb_cv_member_struct_tm_tm_gmtoff" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_GMTOFF)
-fi
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for external int daylight, rb_cv_have_daylight,
-  [AC_TRY_LINK([#include <time.h>
-  int i;],
-	[i = daylight;],
-	rb_cv_have_daylight=yes,
-	rb_cv_have_daylight=no)])
-if test "$rb_cv_have_daylight" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_DAYLIGHT)
-fi
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_CHECK_VARTYPE], [dnl
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([for external $1], AS_TR_SH(rb_cv_var_$1),
-  [AS_TR_SH(rb_cv_var_$1)=no
-  AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-#ifndef _XOPEN_SOURCE
-#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 1
-#endif
-$2
-;
-const volatile void *volatile t;],
-    [t = &(&$1)[0];],
-    [for t in $3; do
-      AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-#ifndef _XOPEN_SOURCE
-#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 1
-#endif
-$2
-;
-extern $t $1;
-const volatile void *volatile t;],
-        [t = &(&$1)[0];],
-        [AS_TR_SH(rb_cv_var_$1)=$t; break])
-    done])])
-if test "${AS_TR_SH(rb_cv_var_$1)}" != no; then
-  AC_DEFINE(AS_TR_CPP(HAVE_VAR_$1))
-  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(AS_TR_CPP(TYPEOF_VAR_$1), ${AS_TR_SH(rb_cv_var_$1)})
-fi])
-RUBY_CHECK_VARTYPE(timezone, [@%:@include <time.h>], [long int])
-RUBY_CHECK_VARTYPE(altzone, [@%:@include <time.h>], [long int])
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(timezone)
-if test "$ac_cv_func_timezone" = yes; then
-  AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether timezone requires zero arguments], rb_cv_func_timezone_void,
-    [AC_TRY_COMPILE([@%:@include <time.h>],
-      [(void)timezone(0, 0);],
-      [rb_cv_func_timezone_void=no],
-      [rb_cv_func_timezone_void=yes])]
-  )
-  if test $rb_cv_func_timezone_void = yes; then
-    AC_DEFINE(TIMEZONE_VOID)
-  fi
-fi
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for negative time_t for gmtime(3), rb_cv_negative_time_t,
-  [AC_TRY_RUN([
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <time.h>
-
-void
-check(tm, y, m, d, h, s)
-    struct tm *tm;
-    int y, m, d, h, s;
-{
-    if (!tm ||
-	tm->tm_year != y ||
-	tm->tm_mon  != m-1 ||
-	tm->tm_mday != d ||
-	tm->tm_hour != h ||
-	tm->tm_sec  != s) {
-	exit(1);
-    }
-}
-
-int
-main()
-{
-   time_t t = -1;
-   struct tm *tm;
-
-   check(gmtime(&t), 69, 12, 31, 23, 59);
-   t = ~(time_t)0 << 31;
-   check(gmtime(&t), 1, 12, 13, 20, 52);
-   return 0;
-}
-],
-	rb_cv_negative_time_t=yes,
-	rb_cv_negative_time_t=no,
-	rb_cv_negative_time_t=yes)])
-if test "$rb_cv_negative_time_t" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFINE(NEGATIVE_TIME_T)
-fi
-
-# [ruby-dev:40910] overflow of time on FreeBSD
-# http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=145341
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for localtime(3) overflow correctly, rb_cv_localtime_overflow,
-  [AC_TRY_RUN([
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <time.h>
-
-void
-check(time_t t1)
-{
-    struct tm *tm;
-    time_t t2;
-    tm = localtime(&t1);
-    if (!tm)
-	return; /* overflow detected.  ok. */
-    t2 = mktime(tm);
-    if (t1 == t2)
-        return; /* round-trip.  ok. */
-    exit(1);
-}
-
-int
-main()
-{
-    time_t t;
-    if (~(time_t)0 <= 0) {
-        t = (((time_t)1) << (sizeof(time_t) * 8 - 2));
-        t |= t - 1;
-    }
-    else {
-        t = ~(time_t)0;
-    }
-    check(t);
-    return 0;
-}
-],
-	rb_cv_localtime_overflow=yes,
-	rb_cv_localtime_overflow=no,
-	rb_cv_localtime_overflow=no)])
-if test "$rb_cv_localtime_overflow" = no; then
-  AC_DEFINE(LOCALTIME_OVERFLOW_PROBLEM)
-fi
-
-if test "$ac_cv_func_sigprocmask" = yes && test "$ac_cv_func_sigaction" = yes; then
-   AC_DEFINE(POSIX_SIGNAL)
-else
-  AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sigsetmask)
-  AC_CACHE_CHECK(for BSD signal semantics, rb_cv_bsd_signal,
-    [AC_TRY_RUN([
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-
-void
-sig_handler(dummy)
-     int dummy;
-{
-}
-
-int
-main()
-{
-  signal(SIGINT, sig_handler);
-  kill(getpid(), SIGINT);
-  kill(getpid(), SIGINT);
-  return 0;
-}
-],
-	rb_cv_bsd_signal=yes,
-	rb_cv_bsd_signal=no,
-	rb_cv_bsd_signal=$ac_cv_func_sigsetmask)])
-  if test "$rb_cv_bsd_signal" = yes; then
-    AC_DEFINE(BSD_SIGNAL)
-  fi
-fi
-
-if test "$ac_cv_func_getpgid" = no; then
-  # AC_FUNC_GETPGRP fails when cross-compiling with old autoconf.
-  # autoconf is changed between 2.52d and 2.52f?
-  # http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-gnu-utils/2001-09/msg00181.html
-  # "autoconf cleanup for AC_FUNC_GETPGRP and GETPGRP_VOID"
-AC_FUNC_GETPGRP
-fi
-if test "$ac_cv_func_setpgid:$ac_cv_func_setpgrp" = no:yes; then
-  # AC_FUNC_SETPGRP fails when cross-compiling.  (until autoconf 2.69?)
-  # https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-autoconf/2013-02/msg00002.html
-  # "AC_FUNC_SETPGRP fails to work properly when cross-compiling"
-AC_FUNC_SETPGRP
-fi
-
-if test x"$target_cpu" = xia64; then
-    AC_LIBOBJ([ia64])
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK(for __libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base,
-                   rb_cv___libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base,
-    [rb_cv___libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base=no
-    AC_TRY_LINK(
-      [extern unsigned long __libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base;],
-      [unsigned long p = __libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base;
-       printf("%ld\n", p);],
-      [rb_cv___libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base=yes])])
-    if test $rb_cv___libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base = yes; then
-      AC_DEFINE(HAVE___LIBC_IA64_REGISTER_BACKING_STORE_BASE)
-    fi
-fi
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether right shift preserve sign bit, rb_cv_rshift_sign,
-    [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([], [(-1==(-1>>1))])],
-	rb_cv_rshift_sign=yes,
-	rb_cv_rshift_sign=no)])
-if test "$rb_cv_rshift_sign" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFINE(RSHIFT(x,y), ((x)>>(int)(y)))
-else
-  AC_DEFINE(RSHIFT(x,y), (((x)<0) ? ~((~(x))>>(int)(y)) : (x)>>(int)(y)))
-fi
-
-if test x"$ac_cv_func_gettimeofday" != xyes; then
-    AC_MSG_ERROR(gettimeofday() must exist)
-fi
-
-if test "$ac_cv_func_sysconf" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFUN([RUBY_CHECK_SYSCONF], [dnl
-  AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether _SC_$1 is supported], rb_cv_have_sc_[]m4_tolower($1),
-    [AC_TRY_COMPILE([#include <unistd.h>
-      ],
-      [_SC_$1 >= 0],
-      rb_cv_have_sc_[]m4_tolower($1)=yes,
-      rb_cv_have_sc_[]m4_tolower($1)=no)
-    ])
-  if test "$rb_cv_have_sc_[]m4_tolower($1)" = yes; then
-    AC_DEFINE(HAVE__SC_$1)
-  fi
-  ])
-  RUBY_CHECK_SYSCONF(CLK_TCK)
-fi
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_STACK_GROW_DIRECTION], [
-    AS_VAR_PUSHDEF([stack_grow_dir], [rb_cv_stack_grow_dir_$1])
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK(stack growing direction on $1, stack_grow_dir, [
-AS_CASE(["$1"],
-[m68*|x86*|x64|i?86|ia64|ppc*|sparc*|alpha*], [ $2=-1],
-[hppa*], [ $2=+1],
-[
-  AC_TRY_RUN([
-/* recurse to get rid of inlining */
-static int
-stack_growup_p(addr, n)
-    volatile int *addr, n;
-{
-    volatile int end;
-    if (n > 0)
-	return *addr = stack_growup_p(addr, n - 1);
-    else
-	return (&end > addr);
-}
-int main()
-{
-    int x;
-    return stack_growup_p(&x, 10);
-}
-], $2=-1, $2=+1, $2=0)
-  ])
-eval stack_grow_dir=\$$2])
-eval $2=\$stack_grow_dir
-AS_VAR_POPDEF([stack_grow_dir])])
-if test "${universal_binary-no}" = yes ; then
-    archflagpat=`eval echo '"'"${ARCH_FLAG}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g'`
-    save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" new_cflags=`echo "$CFLAGS" | sed "s|$archflagpat"'||'`
-    save_LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS" new_ldflags=`echo "$LDFLAGS" | sed "s|$archflagpat"'||'`
-    stack_dir=
-    for archs in ${universal_archnames}; do
-	archs=`echo $archs | sed 's/=.*//'`
-	CFLAGS="$new_cflags -arch $archs"
-	LDFLAGS="$new_ldflags -arch $archs"
-	RUBY_STACK_GROW_DIRECTION($archs, dir)
-	if test x$stack_dir = x; then
-	    stack_dir=$dir
-	elif test x$stack_dir != x$dir; then
-	    stack_dir=no
-	fi
-    done
-    CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$save_LDFLAGS"
-    if test x$stack_dir = xno; then
-	for archs in ${universal_archnames}; do
-	    archs=`echo $archs | sed 's/=.*//'`
-	    eval dir=\$[rb_cv_stack_grow_dir_]AS_TR_SH([$archs])
-	    RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __${archs}__], STACK_GROW_DIRECTION, $dir)
-	done
-    else
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(STACK_GROW_DIRECTION, $stack_dir)
-    fi
-else
-    RUBY_STACK_GROW_DIRECTION($target_cpu, dir)
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(STACK_GROW_DIRECTION, $dir)
-fi
-
-if test x"$enable_pthread" = xyes; then
-    for pthread_lib in thr pthread pthreads c c_r root; do
-	AC_CHECK_LIB($pthread_lib, pthread_kill,
-		     rb_with_pthread=yes, rb_with_pthread=no)
-	if test "$rb_with_pthread" = "yes"; then break; fi
-    done
-    if test x"$rb_with_pthread" = xyes; then
-	AC_DEFINE(_REENTRANT)
-	AC_DEFINE(_THREAD_SAFE)
-	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBPTHREAD)
-	AC_CHECK_HEADERS(pthread_np.h, [], [], [@%:@include <pthread.h>])
-	AS_CASE([$pthread_lib],
-	[c],    [],
-	[root], [],
-	[c_r],  [MAINLIBS="-pthread $MAINLIBS"],
-	        [AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-		    [openbsd*|mirbsd*], [LIBS="-pthread $LIBS"],
-		    [LIBS="-l$pthread_lib $LIBS"])])
-    else
-	AC_MSG_WARN("Don't know how to find pthread library on your system -- thread support disabled")
-    fi
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether pthread_t is scalar type], [rb_cv_scalar_pthread_t], [
-	AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-	    @%:@include <pthread.h>
-	    ], [
-	    pthread_t thread_id;
-	    thread_id = 0;
-	    if (!thread_id) return 0;
-	    ], [rb_cv_scalar_pthread_t=yes], [rb_cv_scalar_pthread_t=no])
-    ])
-    if test x"$rb_cv_scalar_pthread_t" = xyes; then
-	: # RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(pthread_t, [void* int long], [], [@%:@include <pthread.h>])
-    else
-	AC_DEFINE(NON_SCALAR_THREAD_ID)
-    fi
-    AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sched_yield pthread_attr_setinheritsched \
-	pthread_attr_get_np pthread_attr_getstack\
-	pthread_get_stackaddr_np pthread_get_stacksize_np \
-	thr_stksegment pthread_stackseg_np pthread_getthrds_np \
-	pthread_cond_init pthread_condattr_setclock pthread_condattr_init \
-	pthread_sigmask pthread_setname_np)
-    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[aix*],[ac_cv_func_pthread_getattr_np=no],[AC_CHECK_FUNCS(pthread_getattr_np)])
-    if test "${host_os}" = "nacl"; then
-      ac_cv_func_pthread_attr_init=no
-    else
-      AC_CHECK_FUNCS(pthread_attr_init)
-    fi
-    if test "$ac_cv_func_pthread_setname_np" = yes; then
-	AC_CACHE_CHECK([arguments of pthread_setname_np], [rb_cv_func_pthread_setname_np_arguments],
-	    [rb_cv_func_pthread_setname_np_arguments=
-	    # Linux,AIX,  (pthread_self(), name)
-	    # NetBSD (pthread_self(), name, \"%s\")
-	    # Darwin (name)
-	    for mac in \
-		"(pthread_self(), name)" \
-		"(pthread_self(), name, \"%s\")" \
-		"(name)" \
-		; do
-		AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-		    @%:@include <pthread.h>
-		    @%:@ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD_NP_H
-		    @%:@include <pthread_np.h>
-		    @%:@endif
-		    @%:@define SET_THREAD_NAME(name) pthread_setname_np${mac}
-		    ],
-		    [if (SET_THREAD_NAME("conftest")) return 1;],
-		    [rb_cv_func_pthread_setname_np_arguments="${mac}"
-		    break])
-	    done
-	    ]
-	)
-	if test -n "${rb_cv_func_pthread_setname_np_arguments}"; then
-	    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(SET_THREAD_NAME(name), pthread_setname_np${rb_cv_func_pthread_setname_np_arguments})
-	else
-	    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(SET_THREAD_NAME(name), (void)0)
-	fi
-    fi
-fi
-if test x"$ac_cv_header_ucontext_h" = xyes; then
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK([if mcontext_t is a pointer], [rb_cv_mcontext_t_ptr],
-	[AC_TRY_COMPILE([@%:@include <ucontext.h>
-	mcontext_t test(mcontext_t mc) {return mc+1;}
-	],
-	[test(0);],
-	[rb_cv_mcontext_t_ptr=yes], [rb_cv_mcontext_t_ptr=no])])
-    if test x"$rb_cv_mcontext_t_ptr" = xyes; then
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DEFINE_MCONTEXT_PTR(mc, uc), mcontext_t mc = (uc)->uc_mcontext)
-    else
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DEFINE_MCONTEXT_PTR(mc, uc), mcontext_t *mc = &(uc)->uc_mcontext)
-    fi
-    if test x"$rb_with_pthread" = xyes; then
-	AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getcontext setcontext)
-    fi
-fi
-
-if test "$ac_cv_func_fork_works" = "yes" -a "$rb_with_pthread" = "yes"; then
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK([if fork works with pthread], rb_cv_fork_with_pthread,
-	[AC_TRY_RUN([
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <pthread.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#ifndef EXIT_SUCCESS
-#define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
-#endif
-#ifndef EXIT_FAILURE
-#define EXIT_FAILURE 1
-#endif
-
-void *
-thread_func(void *dmy)
-{
-    return dmy;
-}
-
-int
-use_threads(void)
-{
-    pthread_t tid;
-    if (pthread_create(&tid, 0, thread_func, 0) != 0) {
-	return -1;
-    }
-    if (pthread_join(tid, 0) != 0) {
-	return -1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int
-main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-    pid_t pid;
-    if (use_threads()) return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    pid = fork();
-
-    if (pid) {
-	int loc;
-	sleep(1);
-	if (waitpid(pid, &loc, WNOHANG) == 0) {
-	    kill(pid, SIGKILL);
-	    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-	}
-        if (!WIFEXITED(loc) || WEXITSTATUS(loc) != EXIT_SUCCESS)
-           return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
-    else {
-	if (use_threads()) return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
-
-    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
-}],
-	rb_cv_fork_with_pthread=yes,
-	rb_cv_fork_with_pthread=no,
-	rb_cv_fork_with_pthread=yes)])
-    test x$rb_cv_fork_with_pthread = xyes || AC_DEFINE(CANNOT_FORK_WITH_PTHREAD)
-fi
-
-
-}
-{ # runtime section
-
-dnl wheather use dln_a_out or not
-AC_ARG_WITH(dln-a-out,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-dln-a-out], [use dln_a_out if possible]),
-	[
-	AS_CASE([$withval],
-	[yes], [
-	    if test "$enable_shared" = yes; then
-		AC_MSG_ERROR(dln_a_out can not make shared library)
-	    fi
-	    with_dln_a_out=yes],
-	[
-	    with_dln_a_out=no])], [with_dln_a_out=no])
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether ELF binaries are produced, rb_cv_binary_elf,
-[AC_TRY_LINK([],[], [
-AS_CASE(["`head -1 conftest$EXEEXT | tr -dc '\177ELF' | tr '\177' .`"],
-[.ELF*], [rb_cv_binary_elf=yes], [rb_cv_binary_elf=no])],
-rb_cv_binary_elf=no)])
-
-if test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFINE(USE_ELF)
-  if test "$with_dln_a_out" = yes; then
-    AC_MSG_ERROR(dln_a_out does not work with ELF)
-  fi
-  AC_CHECK_HEADERS([elf.h elf_abi.h])
-  if test $ac_cv_header_elf_h = yes -o $ac_cv_header_elf_abi_h = yes; then
-    AC_LIBOBJ([addr2line])
-  fi
-fi
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-[linux* | gnu* | k*bsd*-gnu | bsdi* | kopensolaris*-gnu | nacl], [
-    if test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = no; then
-	with_dln_a_out=yes
-    else
-	LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -rdynamic"
-    fi])
-LIBEXT=a
-
-AC_SUBST(DLDFLAGS)dnl
-AC_SUBST(ARCH_FLAG)dnl
-
-AC_SUBST(STATIC)dnl
-AC_SUBST(CCDLFLAGS)dnl
-AC_SUBST(LDSHARED)dnl
-AC_SUBST(LDSHAREDXX)dnl
-AC_SUBST(DLEXT)dnl
-AC_SUBST(DLEXT2)dnl
-AC_SUBST(LIBEXT)dnl
-AC_SUBST(ASMEXT, S)dnl
-
-STATIC=
-: ${PATHFLAG=''}
-
-if test "$with_dln_a_out" != yes; then
-  rb_cv_dlopen=unknown
-  AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether OS depend dynamic link works)
-  if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-    [darwin*], [
-      # The -fno-common is needed if we wish to embed the Ruby interpreter
-      # into a plugin module of some project (as opposed to embedding it
-      # within the project's application).  The -I/usr/local/include is
-      # needed because CPP as discovered by configure (cc -E -traditional)
-      # fails to consult /usr/local/include by default.  This causes
-      # mkmf.rb's have_header() to fail if the desired resource happens to be
-      # installed in the /usr/local tree.
-      RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CCDLFLAGS, -fno-common)],
-    [bsdi*|beos*|haiku*|cygwin*|mingw*|aix*|interix*], [ ],
-    [
-      RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CCDLFLAGS, -fPIC)])
-  else
-    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-	[hpux*],          [CCDLFLAGS="$CCDLFLAGS +Z"],
-	[solaris*|irix*], [CCDLFLAGS="$CCDLFLAGS -KPIC"],
-	[sunos*],         [CCDLFLAGS="$CCDLFLAGS -PIC"],
-	[esix*|uxpds*],   [CCDLFLAGS="$CCDLFLAGS -KPIC"],
-	                  [: ${CCDLFLAGS=""}])
-  fi
-
-
-  AC_ARG_ENABLE(rpath,
-       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-rpath], [embed run path into extension libraries.
-       enabled by default on ELF platforms]),
-       [enable_rpath=$enableval], [enable_rpath="$rb_cv_binary_elf"])
-
-  AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-	[hpux*], [	DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS -E"
-			: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -b'}
-			XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS -Wl,-E"
-			: ${LIBPATHENV=SHLIB_PATH}
-			if test "$rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld" = no; then
-			    RPATHFLAG=' +b %1$-s'
-			fi
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[solaris*], [	if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-			    : ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
-			    if test "$rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld" = yes; then
-				LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-E"
-			    fi
-			else
-			    : ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -G'}
-			fi
-			if test "$ac_cv_sizeof_voidp" = 8; then
-			    : ${LIBPATHENV=LD_LIBRARY_PATH_64}
-			fi
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[sunos*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -assert nodefinitions'}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[irix*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -shared'}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[sysv4*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -G'}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[nto-qnx*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[esix*|uxpds*], [ : ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -G'}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[osf*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -shared -expect_unresolved "*"'}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[bsdi3*], [	AS_CASE(["$CC"],
-			[*shlicc*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -r'}
-					rb_cv_dlopen=yes])],
-	[linux* | gnu* | k*bsd*-gnu | netbsd* | bsdi* | kopensolaris*-gnu], [
-			: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
-			if test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes; then
-			    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-export-dynamic"
-			fi
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[interix*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
-			XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS -Wl,-E"
-			LIBPATHFLAG=" -L%1\$-s"
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[freebsd*|dragonfly*], [
-			: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
-			if test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes; then
-			    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -rdynamic"
-			    DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-soname,$@'
-			else
-			  test "$GCC" = yes && test "$rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld" = yes || LDSHARED='$(LD) -Bshareable'
-			fi
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[openbsd*|mirbsd*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared ${CCDLFLAGS}'}
-			if test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes; then
-			    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-E"
-			fi
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[darwin*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -dynamic -bundle'}
-			: ${LDFLAGS=""}
-			: ${LIBPATHENV=DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH}
-			# /usr/local/include is always searched for
-			# some reason, but /usr/local/lib is not.
-			hdr=`find /usr/local/include -name \*.h -type f | sed 's:^/usr/local/include/::;q'`
-			if test -n "$hdr" && $CC -E -include "$hdr" -xc - </dev/null 2>/dev/null | fgrep -q "$hdr"; then
-			    $CC -print-search-dirs | grep -q '^libraries:.*:/usr/local/lib/*' ||
-			    echo " $LDFLAGS " | grep -q ' -L */usr/local/lib/* ' ||
-			    LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS:+$LDFLAGS }-L/usr/local/lib"
-			fi
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-        [aix*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC)'}
-			LDSHARED="$LDSHARED ${linker_flag}-G"
-			EXTDLDFLAGS='-e$(TARGET_ENTRY)'
-			XLDFLAGS="${linker_flag}"'-bE:$(ARCHFILE)'" ${linker_flag}-brtl"
-			XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS ${linker_flag}-blibpath:${prefix}/lib:${LIBPATH:-/usr/lib:/lib}"
-			: ${ARCHFILE="ruby.imp"}
-                        TRY_LINK='$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -oconftest $(INCFLAGS) -I$(hdrdir) $(CPPFLAGS)'
-                        TRY_LINK="$TRY_LINK"' $(CFLAGS) $(src) $(LIBPATH) $(LOCAL_LIBS) $(LIBS)'
-			: ${LIBPATHENV=LIBPATH}
-			RPATHFLAG=" ${linker_flag}-blibpath:%1\$-s:${prefix}/lib:${LIBPATH:-/usr/lib:/lib}"
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[beos*], [	AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"],
-			  [powerpc*], [
-			    : ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -xms'}
-			    EXTDLDFLAGS='-export $(TARGET_ENTRY)'
-			    DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS -lbe -lroot glue-noinit.a init_term_dyn.o start_dyn.o"
-			    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -L/boot/home/config/lib -lbe -lroot"
-			    ],
-			  [i586*], [
-			    : ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -shared'}
-			    DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS -L/boot/develop/lib/x86 -L/boot/home/config/lib \$(topdir)/_APP_ -lroot"
-			    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -L/boot/develop/lib/x86 -L/boot/home/config/lib -lroot"
-			    ])
-			: ${LIBPATHENV=LIBRARY_PATH}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[haiku*], [	AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"],
-			  [powerpc*], [
-			    : ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -xms'}
-			    EXTDLDFLAGS='-export $(TARGET_ENTRY)'
-			    DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS -lroot glue-noinit.a init_term_dyn.o start_dyn.o"
-                            ],
-			  [i586*], [
-			    : ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
-			    ])
-			: ${LIBPATHENV=LIBRARY_PATH}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes ],
-	[nto-qnx*], [	DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS -L/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/lib"
-			: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -Bshareable -x'}
-			LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -L/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/lib"
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[cygwin*|mingw*], [
-			: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared $(if $(filter-out -g -g0,$(debugflags)),,-s)'}
-			XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS -Wl,--stack,0x00200000,--enable-auto-import"
-			DLDFLAGS="${DLDFLAGS} -Wl,--enable-auto-image-base,--enable-auto-import"
-			: ${LIBPATHENV=""}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[hiuxmpp], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -r'}],
-	[atheos*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[os2-emx*], [	LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Zomf"
-			],
-        [nacl], [ LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared' ],
-	[	: ${LDSHARED='$(LD)'}])
-  AC_MSG_RESULT($rb_cv_dlopen)
-
-  if test "$rb_cv_dlopen" = yes; then
-    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-      [darwin*], [
-	for flag in \
-	  "-undefined dynamic_lookup" \
-	  "-multiply_defined suppress" \
-	  ; do
-	  test "x${linker_flag}" = x || flag="${linker_flag}`echo ${flag} | tr ' ' ,`"
-	  RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([$flag], [], [flag=])
-	  if test "x$flag" != x; then
-	    RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(DLDFLAGS, [$flag])
-	  fi
-	done
-      ])
-  fi
-
-  if test "$enable_rpath" = yes; then
-    if test x"${RPATHFLAG}" = x; then
-      for rpathflag in -R "-rpath "; do
-	AS_CASE("$rpathflag",
-		[*" "], [AS_CASE(["${linker_flag}"],
-				 [*,], [rpathflag=`echo "$rpathflag" | tr ' ' ,`])])
-	rpathflag="${linker_flag}${rpathflag}"
-	RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([${rpathflag}.], [], [rpathflag=])
-	if test "x${rpathflag}" != x; then
-	  RPATHFLAG=" ${rpathflag}%1\$-s"
-	  break
-	fi
-      done
-    fi
-  fi
-fi
-if test "${LDSHAREDXX}" = ""; then
-    AS_CASE(["${LDSHARED}"],
-	[*'$(CC)'*], [
-	    LDSHAREDXX=`echo "${LDSHARED}" | sed 's/\$(CC)/$(CXX)/'`
-	    ],
-	[*'${CC}'*], [
-	    LDSHAREDXX=`echo "${LDSHARED}" | sed 's/\${CC}/${CXX}/'`
-	    ],
-	[*$CC*], [
-	    LDSHAREDXX=`echo "${LDSHARED}" | sed "s|$CC|$CXX|"`
-	    ],
-	[ld" "*], [
-	    ])
-fi
-AS_CASE([${RPATHFLAG}],[*'%1$'*],[: ${LIBPATHFLAG=' -L%1$-s'}],[: ${LIBPATHFLAG=' -L%s'}])
-
-AC_SUBST(LINK_SO)
-AC_SUBST(LIBPATHFLAG)
-AC_SUBST(RPATHFLAG)
-AC_SUBST(LIBPATHENV, "${LIBPATHENV-LD_LIBRARY_PATH}")
-AC_SUBST(TRY_LINK)
-
-if test "x$OPT_DIR" != x; then
-    pat=`echo "${LDFLAGS_OPTDIR}" | sed ['s/[][\\.*|]/\\\\&/']`
-    LDFLAGS=`echo "${LDFLAGS}" | sed "s| ${pat}||"`
-    val=`IFS="$PATH_SEPARATOR"
-        for dir in $OPT_DIR; do
-            echo x ${LIBPATHFLAG} ${RPATHFLAG} |
-            sed "s/^x *//;s${IFS}"'%1\\$-s'"${IFS}${dir}/lib${IFS}g;s${IFS}%s${IFS}${dir}/lib${IFS}g"
-        done | tr '\012' ' '`
-    test x"${LDFLAGS}" = x || LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS "
-    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS$val"
-    test x"${DLDFLAGS}" = x || DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS "
-    DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS$val"
-    LDFLAGS_OPTDIR="$val"
-fi
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-[freebsd*], [
-    AC_CHECK_LIB([procstat], [procstat_open_sysctl])
-    if test "x$ac_cv_lib_procstat_procstat_open_sysctl" = xyes; then
-	AC_CHECK_FUNCS(procstat_getvmmap)
-    fi
-    ])
-AS_CASE(["$target_cpu-$target_os"],
-[*-darwin*], [
-    AC_CHECK_HEADERS([execinfo.h])
-    if test "x$ac_cv_header_execinfo_h" = xyes; then
-	AC_CHECK_LIB([execinfo], [backtrace])
-	AC_CHECK_HEADERS([libunwind.h])
-    fi],
-[*-freebsd*|x86_64-netbsd*], [
-    AC_CHECK_HEADERS([execinfo.h])
-    if test "x$ac_cv_header_execinfo_h" = xyes; then
-	AC_CHECK_LIB([execinfo], [backtrace])
-	AC_CHECK_LIB([unwind], [unw_backtrace])
-    fi])
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(backtrace)
-
-if test "x$ac_cv_func_backtrace" = xyes; then
-  AC_CACHE_CHECK(for broken backtrace, rb_cv_broken_backtrace,
-    [AC_TRY_RUN([
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <execinfo.h>
-
-#define TRACE_SIZE 256
-
-void sigsegv(int signum, siginfo_t *info, void *ctx){
-    void *trace[TRACE_SIZE];
-    int n = backtrace(trace, TRACE_SIZE);
-    if (n > 0) {
-	/*fprintf(stdout, "backtrace:%d\n",n);*/
-    } else {
-	_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    }
-    _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
-}
-int
-main(void)
-{
-    volatile int *a = NULL;
-    stack_t ss;
-    ss.ss_sp = malloc(SIGSTKSZ);
-    if (ss.ss_sp == NULL) {
-	fprintf(stderr, "cannot allocate memory for sigaltstack\n");
-	return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
-    ss.ss_size = SIGSTKSZ;
-    ss.ss_flags = 0;
-    if (sigaltstack(&ss, NULL) == -1) {
-	fprintf(stderr, "sigaltstack failed\n");
-	return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
-    struct sigaction sa;
-    memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(struct sigaction));
-    sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
-    sa.sa_sigaction = sigsegv;
-    sa.sa_flags |= SA_SIGINFO;
-    sa.sa_flags |= SA_ONSTACK;
-    sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sa, NULL);
-    a[0] = 1;
-    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
-}
-],
-	rb_cv_broken_backtrace=no,
-	rb_cv_broken_backtrace=yes,
-	rb_cv_broken_backtrace=no)])
-  if test "$rb_cv_broken_backtrace" = yes; then
-    AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_BACKTRACE, 1)
-  fi
-fi
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(valgrind,
-        AS_HELP_STRING([--without-valgrind],[disable valgrind memcheck support]),
-        [], with_valgrind=yes)
-AS_IF([test x$with_valgrind != xno],
-        [AC_CHECK_HEADERS(valgrind/memcheck.h)])
-
-dln_a_out_works=no
-if test "$ac_cv_header_a_out_h" = yes; then
-  if test "$with_dln_a_out" = yes || test "$rb_cv_dlopen" = unknown; then
-    cat confdefs.h > config.h
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether matz's dln works, rb_cv_dln_a_out,
-    [AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-#define USE_DLN_A_OUT
-#include "dln.c"
-],
-	[],
-	rb_cv_dln_a_out=yes,
-	rb_cv_dln_a_out=no)])
-    if test "$rb_cv_dln_a_out" = yes; then
-      dln_a_out_works=yes
-      AC_DEFINE(USE_DLN_A_OUT)
-    fi
-  fi
-fi
-
-if test "$dln_a_out_works" = yes; then
-  if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-    STATIC=-static
-  else
-    STATIC=-Bstatic
-  fi
-  DLEXT=so
-  CCDLFLAGS=
-else
-  AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-    [hpux*], [
-	DLEXT=sl],
-    [darwin*], [
-	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XLDFLAGS, [-Wl,-u,_objc_msgSend])
-	DLEXT=bundle],
-    [os2-emx*], [
-	LOAD_RELATIVE=1
-	DLEXT=dll],
-    [cygwin*|mingw*|*djgpp*], [
-	LOAD_RELATIVE=1
-	DLEXT=so],
-    [
-	DLEXT=so])
-fi
-if test "$rb_cv_dlopen:$load_relative" = yes:yes; then
-    if test "$ac_cv_func_dladdr" = yes; then
-	LOAD_RELATIVE=1
-    fi
-fi
-if test x"$LOAD_RELATIVE" = x1; then
-    load_relative=yes
-else
-    unset load_relative
-fi
-
-len=2 # .rb
-n=`expr "$DLEXT"  : '.*'`; test "$n" -gt "$len" && len=$n
-n=`expr "$DLEXT2" : '.*'`; test "$n" -gt "$len" && len=$n
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DLEXT_MAXLEN, `expr $len + 1`)
-test ".$DLEXT"  = "." || AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DLEXT,  ".$DLEXT")
-test ".$DLEXT2" = "." || AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DLEXT2, ".$DLEXT2")
-AC_SUBST(DLEXT)
-
-if test "$with_dln_a_out" = yes; then
-  STRIP=true
-else
-  AC_CHECK_TOOL(STRIP, strip, :)dnl
-fi
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-  [linux* | gnu* | k*bsd*-gnu | kopensolaris*-gnu], [
-	STRIP="$STRIP -S -x"],
-  [darwin*], [
-	STRIP="$STRIP -A -n"])
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(ext,
-            AC_HELP_STRING([--with-ext=EXTS],
-                           [pass to --with-ext option of extmk.rb]))
-AC_ARG_WITH(out-ext,
-            AC_HELP_STRING([--with-out-ext=EXTS],
-                           [pass to --without-ext option of extmk.rb]))
-EXTSTATIC=
-AC_SUBST(EXTSTATIC)dnl
-AC_ARG_WITH(static-linked-ext,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-static-linked-ext], [link external modules statically]),
-            [AS_CASE([$withval],[yes],[STATIC=;EXTSTATIC=static],[no],[],[EXTSTATIC="$withval"])])
-AS_CASE([",$EXTSTATIC,"], [,static,|*,enc,*], [
-  ENCOBJS='enc/encinit.$(OBJEXT) enc/libenc.$(LIBEXT) enc/libtrans.$(LIBEXT)'
-  EXTOBJS='ext/extinit.$(OBJEXT)'
-  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(EXTSTATIC, 1)
-  AC_SUBST(ENCSTATIC, static)
-], [
-  ENCOBJS='dmyenc.$(OBJEXT)'
-  EXTOBJS='dmyext.$(OBJEXT)'
-])
-AC_SUBST(ENCOBJS)
-AC_SUBST(EXTOBJS)
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(setup,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-setup=SETUP], [use extension libraries setup]),
-	    [setup=$withval])
-if test -n "$setup"; then
-    if ! test -f "ext/$setup" -o -f "$srcdir/ext/$setup"; then
-	AC_MSG_ERROR(Setup file $setup not found under ext or $srcdir/ext)
-    fi
-elif test -f "$srcdir/ext/Setup.$target_os"; then
-    setup="Setup.$target_os"
-else
-    setup=
-    for file in "$srcdir"/ext/Setup.*; do
-	AS_CASE(["$file"], [*~|*.bak|*.orig|*.rej|*.tmp], [continue])
-	setup=`basename "$file"`
-	AS_CASE(["$target_os"], [`expr "$setup" : 'Setup.\(.*\)'`*], [break])
-	platform=`sed '/^option  *platform  */!d;s///;s/|/*|/g;q' "$file"`
-	if test "x$platform" != x; then
-	    eval "AS_CASE([\"\$target_os\"], [$platform*], [break])"
-	fi
-	setup=
-    done
-    : ${setup:=Setup}
-fi
-AC_SUBST(setup)
-
-rubylibprefix='${libdir}/${RUBY_BASE_NAME}'
-AC_ARG_WITH(rubylibprefix,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rubylibprefix=DIR], [prefix for ruby libraries [[LIBDIR/RUBY_BASE_NAME]]]),
-	    [if test "x$withval" = xno; then
-		AC_MSG_ERROR([No ruby, No libprefix])
-	    fi
-	    rubylibprefix="$withval"])
-AC_SUBST(rubylibprefix)
-
-if test x"${exec_prefix}" != xNONE; then
-    RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX="$exec_prefix"
-elif test x"$prefix" != xNONE; then
-    RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX="$prefix"
-else
-    RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX=$ac_default_prefix
-fi
-pat=`echo "${RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX}" | tr -c '\012' .`'\(.*\)'
-for var in bindir libdir rubylibprefix; do
-    eval val='"$'$var'"'
-    AS_CASE(["$val"], ["${RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX}"*], [val='${exec_prefix}'"`expr \"$val\" : \"$pat\"`"])
-    eval $var='"$val"'
-done
-
-BTESTRUBY='$(MINIRUBY)'
-if test x"$cross_compiling" = xyes; then
-  test x"$MINIRUBY" = x && MINIRUBY="${RUBY-$BASERUBY} -I`$CHDIR .; pwd` "-r'$(arch)-fake'
-  XRUBY_LIBDIR=`${RUBY-$BASERUBY} -rrbconfig -e ['puts RbConfig::CONFIG["libdir"]']`
-  XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR=`${RUBY-$BASERUBY} -rrbconfig -e ['puts RbConfig::CONFIG["rubylibdir"]']`
-  XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR=`${RUBY-$BASERUBY} -rrbconfig -e ['puts RbConfig::CONFIG["rubyhdrdir"]']`
-  AC_SUBST(XRUBY_LIBDIR)
-  AC_SUBST(XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR)
-  AC_SUBST(XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR)
-  PREP='$(arch)-fake.rb'
-  RUNRUBY_COMMAND='$(MINIRUBY) -I`cd $(srcdir)/lib; pwd`'
-  RUNRUBY='$(RUNRUBY_COMMAND)'
-  XRUBY='$(MINIRUBY)'
-  TEST_RUNNABLE=no
-  CROSS_COMPILING=yes
-
-  if test "$host_os" = "nacl"; then
-      if test "$build_cpu" = "$host_cpu" || test "${nacl_cv_cpu_nick}" = "x86" -a "$host_cpu" = "i686"; then
-          nacl_cv_sel_ldr='`$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/nacl/nacl-config.rb sel_ldr`'
-          nacl_cv_irt_core='`$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/nacl/nacl-config.rb irt_core`'
-          nacl_cv_runnable_ld='`$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/nacl/nacl-config.rb runnable_ld`'
-          nacl_cv_host_lib='`$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/nacl/nacl-config.rb host_lib`'
-          TEST_RUNNABLE=yes
-          BTESTRUBY="${nacl_cv_sel_ldr} -a -B ${nacl_cv_irt_core} -w 1:3 -w 2:4"
-          BTESTRUBY="$BTESTRUBY -- ${nacl_cv_runnable_ld} --library-path ${nacl_cv_host_lib}"
-          BTESTRUBY="$BTESTRUBY `pwd`/"'miniruby$(EXEEXT) -I`cd $(srcdir)/lib; pwd` -I.'
-          BTESTRUBY="$BTESTRUBY"' -I$(EXTOUT)/common 3>&1 4>&2 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null '
-      fi
-  fi
-else
-  MINIRUBY='./miniruby$(EXEEXT) -I$(srcdir)/lib -I.'
-  MINIRUBY="$MINIRUBY"' -I$(EXTOUT)/common'
-  PREP='miniruby$(EXEEXT)'
-  RUNRUBY_COMMAND='$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/runruby.rb --extout=$(EXTOUT) $(RUNRUBYOPT)'
-  RUNRUBY='$(RUNRUBY_COMMAND) --'
-  XRUBY='$(RUNRUBY)'
-  TEST_RUNNABLE=yes
-  CROSS_COMPILING=no
-fi
-AC_SUBST(TEST_RUNNABLE)
-AC_SUBST(CROSS_COMPILING)
-AC_SUBST(MINIRUBY)
-AC_SUBST(BTESTRUBY)
-AC_SUBST(PREP)
-AC_SUBST(RUNRUBY_COMMAND)
-AC_SUBST(RUNRUBY)
-AC_SUBST(XRUBY)
-AC_SUBST(EXTOUT, [${EXTOUT=.ext}])
-
-FIRSTMAKEFILE=""
-LIBRUBY_A='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME)-static.a'
-LIBRUBY='$(LIBRUBY_A)'
-LIBRUBYARG_STATIC='-l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)-static'
-LIBRUBYARG='$(LIBRUBYARG_STATIC)'
-SOLIBS=
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-  [cygwin*|mingw*|beos*|haiku*|darwin*|os2-emx*], [
-    : ${DLDLIBS=""}
-    ],
-  [
-    DLDLIBS="$DLDLIBS -lc"
-    ])
-
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(multiarch,
-	      AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-multiarch], [enable multiarch compatible directories]),
-	      [multiarch=], [unset multiarch])
-if test ${multiarch+set}; then
-   AC_DEFINE(ENABLE_MULTIARCH)
-fi
-
-archlibdir='${libdir}/${arch}'
-sitearchlibdir='${libdir}/${sitearch}'
-archincludedir='${includedir}/${arch}'
-sitearchincludedir='${includedir}/${sitearch}'
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(soname,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-soname=SONAME], [base name of shared library]),
-	[RUBY_SO_NAME=$withval], [RUBY_SO_NAME='$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)'])
-
-LIBRUBY_LDSHARED=$LDSHARED
-LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS=$DLDFLAGS
-LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR).$(MINOR).$(TEENY)'
-LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so'
-ENABLE_SHARED=no
-
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(shared,
-       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-shared], [build a shared library for Ruby]),
-       [enable_shared=$enableval])
-libprefix=${multiarch+'$(archlibdir)'}${multiarch-'$(libdir)'}
-LIBRUBY_RELATIVE=${load_relative-no}
-AS_CASE("$enable_shared", [yes], [
-  LIBRUBY='$(LIBRUBY_SO)'
-  LIBRUBYARG_SHARED='-l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'
-  LIBRUBYARG='$(LIBRUBYARG_SHARED)'
-  LIBRUBY_RELATIVE=no
-  test -z "$CCDLFLAGS" || CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $CCDLFLAGS"
-  ENABLE_SHARED=yes
-  if test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes; then
-    SOLIBS='$(LIBS)'
-  fi
-
-  # libdir can be overridden in config.site file (on OpenSUSE at least).
-  libdir_basename=lib
-  if test "$bindir" = '${exec_prefix}/bin'; then
-    AS_CASE(["$libdir"], ['${exec_prefix}/'*], [libdir_basename=`basename "$libdir"`])
-  fi
-  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(LIBDIR_BASENAME, ["${libdir_basename}"])
-  libdir_basename="${libdir_basename}"${multiarch+'/${arch}'}
-
-  AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-    [freebsd*|dragonfly*], [],
-    [
-     if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-       RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([${linker_flag}--no-undefined], [no_undefined=yes], [no_undefined=no])
-       if test "no_undefined" = yes; then
-	  RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(EXTLDFLAGS, [${linker_flag}--no-undefined])
-       fi
-     fi
-    ])
-
-  AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-    [sunos4*], [
-	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR).$(MINOR) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so'
-	],
-    [linux* | gnu* | k*bsd*-gnu | atheos* | kopensolaris*-gnu], [
-	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS='-Wl,-soname,lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR).$(MINOR)'" $LDFLAGS_OPTDIR"
-	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR).$(MINOR) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so'
-	if test "$load_relative" = yes; then
-	    libprefix="'\$\${ORIGIN}/../${libdir_basename}'"
-	    LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath,${libprefix}"
-	    LIBRUBY_RELATIVE=yes
-	fi
-	],
-    [freebsd*|dragonfly*], [
-	SOLIBS='$(LIBS)'
-	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)'
-	if test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" != "yes" ; then
-	    LIBRUBY_SO="$LIBRUBY_SO.\$(TEENY)"
-	    LIBRUBY_ALIASES=''
-	fi
-	],
-    [netbsd*], [
-	SOLIBS='$(LIBS)'
-	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR)$(MINOR).$(TEENY)'
-	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS='-Wl,-soname,lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)'" $LDFLAGS_OPTDIR"
-	if test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes; then # ELF platforms
-	   LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR)$(MINOR) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so'
-	else	# a.out platforms
-	   LIBRUBY_ALIASES=""
-	fi
-	],
-    [openbsd*|mirbsd*], [
-	SOLIBS='$(LIBS)'
-	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR).'`expr ${MINOR} \* 10 + ${TEENY}`
-	],
-    [solaris*], [
-	SOLIBS='$(LIBS)'
-	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR)'
-	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR).$(MINOR).$(TEENY) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so'
-	if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-h,$(@F)'
-	else
-	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS "'-h $(@F)'
-	fi
-	XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS "'-R${libdir}'
-	],
-    [hpux*], [
-	XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS "'-Wl,+s,+b,$(libdir)'
-	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).sl.$(MAJOR).$(MINOR).$(TEENY)'
-	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).sl.$(MAJOR).$(MINOR) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).sl'
-	],
-    [aix*], [
-	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="${linker_flag}-bnoentry $XLDFLAGS $LDFLAGS_OPTDIR"
-	LIBRUBYARG_SHARED='-L${libdir} -l${RUBY_SO_NAME}'
-	SOLIBS='-lm -lc'
-	],
-    [beos*], [
-	AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"],
-	[powerpc*], [
-	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="-f ruby.exp -lnet -lbe -lroot glue-noinit.a init_term_dyn.o start_dyn.o $LDFLAGS_OPTDIR"
-	    ])
-	],
-    [darwin*], [
-	RUBY_SO_NAME="$RUBY_SO_NAME"'.$(MAJOR).$(MINOR).$(TEENY)'
-	LIBRUBY_LDSHARED='$(CC) -dynamiclib'
-	if test "$load_relative" = yes; then
-	    libprefix="@executable_path/../${libdir_basename}"
-	    LIBRUBY_RELATIVE=yes
-	fi
-	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-install_name '${libprefix}'/$(LIBRUBY_SO)'
-	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-compatibility_version $(MAJOR).$(MINOR)'
-	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-current_version $(RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION)'
-	if test "$visibility_option" = ld; then
-	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-unexported_symbol,_Init_*'
-	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-unexported_symbol,*_threadptr_*'
-	fi
-	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "' $(XLDFLAGS)'
-	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).dylib'
-	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_BASE_NAME).$(MAJOR).$(MINOR).dylib lib$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).dylib'
-	SOLIBS='$(LIBS)'
-	],
-    [interix*], [
-	LIBRUBYARG_SHARED='-L. -L${libdir} -l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'
-	],
-    [mingw*|cygwin*|mswin*], [
-	LIBRUBY_RELATIVE=yes
-	])
-], [
-  LIBRUBYARG_SHARED=
-
-  # enable PIE if possible
-  AC_ARG_ENABLE(pie,
-          AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-pie], [disable PIE feature]),
-          [pie=$enableval], [pie=])
-  AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-  [haiku], [
-    # gcc supports PIE, but doesn't work correctly in Haiku
-    pie=no
-  ],
-  [nacl], [
-    # -pie implies -shared for NaCl.
-    pie=no
-  ])
-  if test "$GCC" = yes -a -z "$EXTSTATIC" -a "x$pie" != xno; then
-    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-fPIE, [pie=yes], [pie=no])
-    if test "$pie" = yes; then
-      # Use -fPIE when testing -pie.  RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS sets
-      # $save_CFLAGS internally, so set other name here.
-      save_CFLAGS_before_pie="$CFLAGS"
-      CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -fPIE"
-
-      # gcc need -pie but clang need -Wl,-pie.
-      for pie in -pie -Wl,-pie; do
-	RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([$pie], [], [pie=])
-	if test "x$pie" != x; then
-	  RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -fPIE)
-	  RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XLDFLAGS, $pie)
-	  break
-	fi
-      done
-      CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS_before_pie"
-    fi
-  fi
-])
-if test "$enable_rpath" = yes; then
-    test -z "$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS" || LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS "
-    rpathflag="${RPATHFLAG}"
-    AS_CASE(["${cross_compiling}${load_relative}"], [*yes*], [], [rpathflag="$RPATHFLAG$LIBPATHFLAG"])
-    rpathflag=`IFS="$PATH_SEPARATOR"
-        echo x "$rpathflag" |
-        sed "s/^x *//;s${IFS}"'%1\\$-s'"${IFS}${libprefix}${IFS}g;s${IFS}%s${IFS}${libprefix}${IFS}g"
-    `
-    LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS${rpathflag}"
-    LIBRUBYARG_SHARED="$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS $LIBRUBYARG_SHARED"
-    LIBRUBYARG_STATIC="$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS $LIBRUBYARG_STATIC"
-fi
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_RELATIVE)
-
-LDFLAGS="-L. $LDFLAGS"
-AC_SUBST(ARCHFILE)
-
-if test "$EXEEXT" = .exe; then
-    EXECUTABLE_EXTS='".exe",".com",".cmd",".bat"'
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(EXECUTABLE_EXTS, $EXECUTABLE_EXTS)
-    EXECUTABLE_EXTS=`echo $EXECUTABLE_EXTS | tr -d '"' | tr , ' '`
-    AC_SUBST(EXECUTABLE_EXTS)
-fi
-
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(dtrace,
-        AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dtrace],
-        [enable DTrace for tracing inside ruby. enabled by default on systems having dtrace]),
-        [enable_dtrace=$enableval], [enable_dtrace=auto])
-
-if test "${enable_dtrace}" = "auto"; then
-    if test x"$DTRACE" != x -a x"$cross_compiling" != xyes; then
-        RUBY_DTRACE_AVAILABLE()
-        enable_dtrace=$rb_cv_dtrace_available
-    else
-        enable_dtrace=no
-    fi
-fi
-
-LIBRUBY_A_OBJS='$(OBJS)'
-DTRACE_REBUILD=
-if test "${enable_dtrace}" = "yes"; then
-    if test -z "$DTRACE"; then
-        AC_MSG_ERROR([dtrace(1) is missing])
-    elif test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then
-        AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-dtrace, however, cross compiling])
-    else
-        RUBY_DTRACE_AVAILABLE()
-        enable_dtrace=$rb_cv_dtrace_available
-        if test "${enable_dtrace}" = "no"; then
-            AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-dtrace, however, USDT is not available])
-        fi
-        RUBY_DTRACE_POSTPROCESS()
-        if test "$rb_cv_prog_dtrace_g" != 'no'; then
-            DTRACE_OBJ='probes.$(OBJEXT)'
-        fi
-        if test "$rb_cv_prog_dtrace_g" = 'rebuild'; then
-            DTRACE_REBUILD=yes
-            LIBRUBY_A_OBJS='$(DTRACE_GLOMMED_OBJ)'
-        fi
-        AS_CASE("${target_os}", [freebsd*], [
-            # FreeBSD's dtrace requires libelf
-            LIBS="-lelf $LIBS"
-        ])
-    fi
-    DTRACE_EXT=d
-else
-    DTRACE_EXT=dmyh
-fi
-AC_SUBST(DTRACE_EXT)
-AC_SUBST(DTRACE_OBJ)
-AC_SUBST(DTRACE_REBUILD)
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_A_OBJS)
-
-RUBY_SETJMP_TYPE
-}
-{ # build section
-
-dnl build rdoc index if requested
-RDOCTARGET=""
-CAPITARGET=""
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(install-doc,
-       AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-install-doc], [do not install neither rdoc indexes nor C API documents during install]),
-       [install_doc=$enableval], [install_doc=yes])
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(install-rdoc,
-      AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-install-rdoc], [do not install rdoc indexes during install]),
-      [install_rdoc=$enableval], [install_rdoc=yes])
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(install-capi,
-      AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-install-capi], [do not install C API documents during install]),
-      [install_capi=$enableval], [install_capi=no])
-
-if test "$install_doc" != no; then
-    if test "$install_rdoc" != no; then
-	RDOCTARGET="rdoc"
-    else
-	RDOCTARGET="nodoc"
-    fi
-    if test "$install_capi" != no -a -n "$DOXYGEN"; then
-	CAPITARGET="capi"
-    else
-	CAPITARGET="nodoc"
-    fi
-else
-    RDOCTARGET="nodoc"
-    CAPITARGET="nodoc"
-fi
-
-AC_SUBST(RDOCTARGET)
-AC_SUBST(CAPITARGET)
-
-AS_CASE(["$RDOCTARGET:$CAPITARGET"],[nodoc:nodoc],[INSTALLDOC=nodoc],[INSTALLDOC=all])
-AC_SUBST(INSTALLDOC)
-
-if test "$rb_with_pthread" = "yes"; then
-    THREAD_MODEL=pthread
-fi
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([for prefix of external symbols], rb_cv_symbol_prefix, [
-    AC_TRY_COMPILE([extern void conftest_external(void) {}], [], [
-	rb_cv_symbol_prefix=`$NM conftest.$ac_objext |
-			     sed -n ['/.*T[ 	]\([^ 	]*\)conftest_external.*/!d;s//\1/p;q']`
-	],
-	[rb_cv_symbol_prefix=''])
-    test -n "$rb_cv_symbol_prefix" || rb_cv_symbol_prefix=NONE
-])
-SYMBOL_PREFIX="$rb_cv_symbol_prefix"
-test "x$SYMBOL_PREFIX" = xNONE && SYMBOL_PREFIX=''
-DLNOBJ=dln.o
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(dln,
-	      AC_HELP_STRING([--disable-dln], [disable dynamic link feature]),
-	      [test "$enableval" = yes || DLNOBJ=dmydln.o])
-AC_SUBST(DLNOBJ)
-MINIDLNOBJ=dmydln.o
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-    [linux*], [
-	],
-    [netbsd*], [
-	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CFLAGS, -pipe)
-	],
-    [darwin*], [
-	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CFLAGS, -pipe)
-	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XLDFLAGS, [-framework CoreFoundation])
-	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(LIBRUBYARG_STATIC, [-framework CoreFoundation])
-	],
-    [os2-emx], [
-	AC_LIBOBJ([os2])
-	CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -DOS2"
-	LIBRUBY_A=`echo $LIBRUBY_A | sed 's/^lib//'`
-	LIBRUBY_SO=`echo $LIBRUBY_SO | sed 's/^lib//'`
-	LIBRUBY_ALIASES=`for i in $LIBRUBY_ALIASES; do echo "$i"; done | sed 's/^lib//'`
-	],
-    [osf*], [
-	if test "$GCC" != "yes" ; then
-	  # compile something small: taint.c is fine for this.
-	  # the main point is the '-v' flag of 'cc'.
-	  AS_CASE(["`cc -v -I. -c main.c -o /tmp/main.o 2>&1`"],
-	  [*/gemc_cc*], [   # we have the new DEC GEM CC
-                        CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -oldc"
-                        ],
-          [            # we have the old MIPS CC
-                        ])
-	  # cleanup
-	  rm -f /tmp/main.o
-	  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -std"
-	fi
-	],
-    [beos*], [
-	AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"],[powerpc*], [CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -relax_pointers"])
-	CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -I/boot/home/config/include"
-	],
-    [cygwin*|mingw*], [
-	RUBY_SO_NAME="${RUBY_SO_NAME}"'$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)$(TEENY)'
-	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="${DLDFLAGS}"' -Wl,--out-implib=$(LIBRUBY)'
-	AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-	[cygwin*], [
-	    if test x"$enable_shared" = xyes; then
-		LIBRUBY_SO='cyg$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'.dll
-		LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="${LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS}"' $(RUBYDEF)'
-	    fi
-	    ],
-	[mingw*], [
-	    RUBY_SO_NAME="${rb_cv_msvcrt}-${RUBY_SO_NAME}"
-	    if test x"${target_cpu}" != xi386; then
-		RUBY_SO_NAME="${target_cpu}-${RUBY_SO_NAME}"
-	    fi
-	    if test x"$enable_shared" = xyes; then
-		LIBRUBY_SO='$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'.dll
-		LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="${LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS}"' $(RUBYDEF)'
-	    fi
-	    EXPORT_PREFIX=' '
-	    DLDFLAGS="${DLDFLAGS}"' $(DEFFILE)'
-	    AC_LIBOBJ([win32/win32])
-	    AC_LIBOBJ([win32/file])
-	    COMMON_LIBS=m
-#	    COMMON_MACROS="WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN="
-	    COMMON_HEADERS="winsock2.h windows.h"
-	    THREAD_MODEL=win32
-	    PLATFORM_DIR=win32
-	    ])
-	LIBRUBY_ALIASES=''
-	FIRSTMAKEFILE=GNUmakefile:cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
-	SOLIBS='$(LIBS)'
-	if test x"$enable_shared" = xyes; then
-	    LIBRUBY='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).dll.a'
-	else
-	    LIBRUBY_SO=dummy
-	    LIBRUBY='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).a'
-	    LIBRUBYARG='-l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'
-	fi
-	],
-    [hpux*], [
-	AS_CASE(["$YACC"],[*yacc*], [
-	    XCFLAGS="$XCFLAGS -DYYMAXDEPTH=300"
-	    YACC="$YACC -Nl40000 -Nm40000"
-	])],
-    [nacl], [
-	FIRSTMAKEFILE=GNUmakefile:nacl/GNUmakefile.in
-	])
-
-AS_CASE(["$with_gmp: $SOLIBS "], [no:* | *' -lgmp '*|*' $(LIBS) '*], [],
-	[SOLIBS="-lgmp $SOLIBS"])
-
-AS_CASE(["$with_jemalloc: $LIBS "], [no:* | *' -ljemalloc '*], [],
-	[LIBS="-ljemalloc $LIBS"])
-
-MINIOBJS="$MINIDLNOBJ"
-
-AS_CASE(["$THREAD_MODEL"],
-[pthread], [AC_CHECK_HEADERS(pthread.h)],
-[win32],   [],
-[""],      [AC_MSG_ERROR(thread model is missing)],
-           [AC_MSG_ERROR(unknown thread model $THREAD_MODEL)])
-
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(debug-env,
-       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-debug-env], [enable RUBY_DEBUG environment variable]),
-       [AC_DEFINE(RUBY_DEBUG_ENV)])
-
-AS_CASE(["$FIRSTMAKEFILE"], [*GNUmakefile:*], [gnumake=yes], [
-    AC_MSG_CHECKING([if ${MAKE-make} is GNU make])
-    mkdir conftest.dir
-    echo "all:; @echo yes" > conftest.dir/GNUmakefile
-    echo "all:; @echo no" > conftest.dir/Makefile
-    gnumake=`(cd conftest.dir; ${MAKE-make})`
-    rm -fr conftest.dir
-    AS_CASE(["$gnumake"],
-    [*yes*], [
-	FIRSTMAKEFILE=GNUmakefile:template/GNUmakefile.in
-	gnumake=yes],
-    [
-	gnumake=no])
-    AC_MSG_RESULT($gnumake)
-])
-AS_IF([test "$gnumake" = yes], [ NULLCMD=: ], [
-    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for safe null command for ${MAKE-make}])
-    mkdir conftest.dir
-    NULLCMD=
-    for cmd in : true; do
-	echo 'A=1' > conftest.dir/Makefile
-	echo 'B=$(A:1=@'$cmd')' >> conftest.dir/Makefile
-	echo 'all:; $B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9' >> conftest.dir/Makefile
-	if (cd conftest.dir; ${MAKE-make} >/dev/null 2>/dev/null); then
-	    NULLCMD=$cmd
-	    break
-	fi
-    done
-    rm -fr conftest.dir
-    if test -z "$NULLCMD"; then
-	AC_MSG_ERROR(no candidate for safe null command)
-    fi
-    AC_MSG_RESULT($NULLCMD)
-])
-AC_SUBST(NULLCMD)
-
-if test "${universal_binary-no}" = yes ; then
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for architecture macros], rb_cv_architecture_macros, [
-    mv confdefs.h confdefs1.h
-    : > confdefs.h
-    AC_TRY_COMPILE([@%:@if defined __`echo ${universal_archnames} |
-    sed 's/=[^ ]*//g;s/ /__ || defined __/g'`__
-@%:@else
-@%:@error
->>>>>><<<<<<
-@%:@endif], [],
-[
-    rb_cv_architecture_macros=yes
-    mv -f confdefs1.h confdefs.h
-], [
-    rb_cv_architecture_macros=no
-    archflagpat=`eval echo '"'"${ARCH_FLAG}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g'`
-    new_cflags=`echo "$CFLAGS" | sed "s|$archflagpat"'||'`
-    for archs in ${universal_archnames}; do
-	cpu=${archs@%:@*=}
-	archs=${archs%=*}
-	CFLAGS="$new_cflags -arch $archs"
-	archs="__${archs}__"
-	AC_MSG_CHECKING([for macro ${archs} on ${cpu}])
-	AC_TRY_COMPILE([@%:@ifndef ${archs}
-@%:@error
-@%:@endif], [], [AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])], [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])
-    done
-    mv -f confdefs1.h confdefs.h
-    AC_MSG_ERROR([failed])
-    ])])
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether __ARCHITECTURE__ is available, rb_cv_architecture_available,
-	AC_TRY_COMPILE([@%:@include <stdio.h>
-		const char arch[[]] = __ARCHITECTURE__;], [puts(arch);],
-		[rb_cv_architecture_available=yes], [rb_cv_architecture_available=no]))
-fi
-
-if test "$ac_cv_func_memmem" = yes; then
-  AC_CACHE_CHECK(for broken memmem, rb_cv_broken_memmem, [
-    AC_TRY_RUN([
-#include <string.h>
-
-int
-main()
-{
-  char *str = "hogefugafoobar";
-  char *rs = "foo";
-  char *empty = "";
-  char *p;
-
-  p = memmem(str, strlen(str), rs, strlen(rs));
-  if (p == str+8) {
-    p = memmem(str, strlen(str), empty, strlen(empty));
-    if (p == str)
-      return 0;
-    else
-      return 1;
-  }
-  else {
-    return 1;
-  }
-}
-    ],
-    rb_cv_broken_memmem=no,
-    rb_cv_broken_memmem=yes,
-    rb_cv_broken_memmem=yes)
-  ])
-  test x"$rb_cv_broken_memmem" = xyes && ac_cv_func_memmem=no
-fi
-
-
-CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS "'$(DEFS)'
-test -z "$CPPFLAGS" || CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS "; CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS"'${cppflags}'
-if test -n "${cflags+set}"; then
-    cflagspat=`eval echo '"'"${cflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^  */ /;s/^  *$/ /'`
-    CFLAGS=`echo " $CFLAGS " | sed "s|$cflagspat"'|${cflags}|;s/^ *//;s/ *$//'`
-fi
-if test -n "${cxxflags+set}"; then
-    cxxflagspat=`eval echo '"'"${cxxflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^  */ /;s/^  *$/ /'`
-    CXXFLAGS=`echo " $CXXFLAGS " | sed "s|$cxxflagspat"'|${cxxflags}|;s/^ *//;s/ *$//'`
-fi
-if test "${ARCH_FLAG}"; then
-    archflagpat=`eval echo '"'"${ARCH_FLAG}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g'`
-    CFLAGS=`echo "$CFLAGS" | sed "s| *$archflagpat"'||'`
-    CXXFLAGS=`echo "$CXXFLAGS" | sed "s| *$archflagpat"'||'`
-    LDFLAGS=`echo "$LDFLAGS" | sed "s| *$archflagpat"'||'`
-fi
-warnflags="$rb_cv_warnflags"
-AC_SUBST(cppflags)dnl
-AC_SUBST(cflags, ["$orig_cflags "'${optflags} ${debugflags} ${warnflags}'])dnl
-AC_SUBST(cxxflags, ["$orig_cxxflags "'${optflags} ${debugflags} ${warnflags}'])dnl
-AC_SUBST(optflags)dnl
-AC_SUBST(debugflags)dnl
-AC_SUBST(warnflags)dnl
-AC_SUBST(strict_warnflags)dnl
-AC_SUBST(XCFLAGS)dnl
-AC_SUBST(XLDFLAGS)dnl
-AC_SUBST(EXTLDFLAGS)dnl
-AC_SUBST(EXTDLDFLAGS)dnl
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_LDSHARED)
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS)
-AC_SUBST(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)
-AC_SUBST(rubyw_install_name)
-AC_SUBST(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME)
-AC_SUBST(RUBY_SO_NAME)
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_A)
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_SO)
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_ALIASES)
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY)
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBYARG)
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBYARG_STATIC)
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBYARG_SHARED)
-AC_SUBST(SOLIBS)
-AC_SUBST(DLDLIBS)
-AC_SUBST(ENABLE_SHARED)
-AC_SUBST(MAINLIBS)
-AC_SUBST(COMMON_LIBS)
-AC_SUBST(COMMON_MACROS)
-AC_SUBST(COMMON_HEADERS)
-AC_SUBST(EXPORT_PREFIX)
-AC_SUBST(SYMBOL_PREFIX)
-AC_SUBST(MINIOBJS)
-AC_SUBST(THREAD_MODEL)
-AC_SUBST(PLATFORM_DIR)
-
-firstmf=`echo $FIRSTMAKEFILE | sed 's/:.*//'`
-firsttmpl=`echo $FIRSTMAKEFILE | sed 's/.*://'`
-MAKEFILES="Makefile $firstmf"
-MAKEFILES="`echo $MAKEFILES`"
-AC_SUBST(MAKEFILES)
-
-ri_prefix=
-test "$program_prefix" != NONE &&
-  ri_prefix=$program_prefix
-
-ri_suffix=
-test "$program_suffix" != NONE &&
-  ri_suffix=$program_suffix
-
-RUBY_INSTALL_NAME="${ri_prefix}"'$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)'"${ri_suffix}"
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-  [cygwin*|mingw*], [
-    RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME="${ri_prefix}"'$(RUBYW_BASE_NAME)'"${ri_suffix}"
-    rubyw_install_name='$(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME)'
-    ])
-
-rubylibdir='${rubylibprefix}/${ruby_version}'
-rubyarchdir=${multiarch+'${rubyarchprefix}/${ruby_version}'}${multiarch-'${rubylibdir}/${arch}'}
-
-rubyarchprefix=${multiarch+'${archlibdir}/${RUBY_BASE_NAME}'}${multiarch-'${rubylibprefix}/${arch}'}
-AC_ARG_WITH(rubyarchprefix,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rubyarchprefix=DIR],
-			   [prefix for architecture dependent ruby libraries [[RUBYLIBPREFIX/ARCH]]]),
-	    [rubyarchprefix="$withval"])
-AC_SUBST(rubyarchprefix)
-
-rubysitearchprefix=${multiarch+'${sitearchlibdir}/${RUBY_BASE_NAME}'}${multiarch-'${rubylibprefix}/${sitearch}'}
-AC_ARG_WITH(rubysitearchprefix,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rubysitearchprefix=DIR],
-			   [prefix for architecture dependent site libraries [[RUBYLIBPREFIX/SITEARCH]]]),
-	    [rubysitearchprefix="$withval"])
-AC_SUBST(rubysitearchprefix)
-
-RI_BASE_NAME=`echo ${RUBY_BASE_NAME} | sed 's/ruby/ri/'`
-ridir='${datarootdir}/${RI_BASE_NAME}'
-AC_ARG_WITH(ridir,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-ridir=DIR], [ri documentation [[DATAROOTDIR/ri]]]),
-	    [ridir=$withval])
-AC_SUBST(ridir)
-AC_SUBST(RI_BASE_NAME)
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(ruby-version,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-ruby-version=STR], [ruby version string for version specific directories [[full]] (full|minor|STR)]),
-            [ruby_version=$withval],
-            [ruby_version=full])
-unset RUBY_LIB_VERSION
-unset RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE
-AS_CASE(["$ruby_version"],
-  [full],  [RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE='3	/* full */'],
-  [minor], [RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE='2	/* minor */'])
-if test ${RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE+set}; then
-    {
-    echo "#define RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE $RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE"
-    echo '#define STRINGIZE(x) x'
-    test -f revision.h -o -f "${srcdir}/revision.h" || echo '#define RUBY_REVISION 0'
-    echo '#include "verconf.h"'
-    echo '#include "version.h"'
-    echo 'ruby_version=RUBY_LIB_VERSION'
-    } > conftest.c
-    test -f verconf.h || > verconf.h
-    ruby_version="`$CPP -I. -I"${srcdir}" -I"${srcdir}/include" conftest.c | sed '/^ruby_version=/!d;s/ //g'`"
-    eval $ruby_version
-elif test -z "${ruby_version}"; then
-    AC_MSG_ERROR([No ruby version, No place for bundled libraries])
-else
-    RUBY_LIB_VERSION="${ruby_version}"
-fi
-AC_SUBST(RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE)
-AC_SUBST(RUBY_LIB_VERSION)
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(sitedir,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-sitedir=DIR], [site libraries in DIR [[RUBY_LIB_PREFIX/site_ruby]], "no" to disable site directory]),
-            [sitedir=$withval],
-            [sitedir='${rubylibprefix}/site_ruby'])
-sitelibdir='${sitedir}/${ruby_version}'
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(sitearchdir,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-sitearchdir=DIR],
-			   [architecture dependent site libraries in DIR [[SITEDIR/SITEARCH]], "no" to disable site directory]),
-            [sitearchdir=$withval],
-            [sitearchdir=${multiarch+'${rubysitearchprefix}/site_ruby/${ruby_version}'}${multiarch-'${sitelibdir}/${sitearch}'}])
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(vendordir,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-vendordir=DIR], [vendor libraries in DIR [[RUBY_LIB_PREFIX/vendor_ruby]], "no" to disable vendor directory]),
-            [vendordir=$withval],
-            [vendordir='${rubylibprefix}/vendor_ruby'])
-vendorlibdir='${vendordir}/${ruby_version}'
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(vendorarchdir,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-vendorarchdir=DIR],
-			   [architecture dependent vendor libraries in DIR [[VENDORDIR/SITEARCH]], "no" to disable vendor directory]),
-            [vendorarchdir=$withval],
-            [vendorarchdir=${multiarch+'${rubysitearchprefix}/vendor_ruby/${ruby_version}'}${multiarch-'${vendorlibdir}/${sitearch}'}])
-
-if test "${LOAD_RELATIVE+set}"; then
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(LOAD_RELATIVE, $LOAD_RELATIVE)
-    RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX=''
-fi
-
-AC_SUBST(RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX)
-
-AC_SUBST(libdirname, ${multiarch+arch}libdir)
-AC_SUBST(archlibdir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(sitearchlibdir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(archincludedir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(sitearchincludedir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(arch)dnl
-AC_SUBST(sitearch)dnl
-AC_SUBST(ruby_version)dnl
-AC_SUBST(rubylibdir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(rubyarchdir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(sitedir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(sitelibdir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(sitearchdir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(vendordir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(vendorlibdir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(vendorarchdir)dnl
-
-AC_SUBST(configure_args, "`echo "${ac_configure_args}" | sed 's/\\$/$$/g'`")dnl
-
-if test "${universal_binary-no}" = yes ; then
-    arch="universal-${target_os}"
-    if test "${rb_cv_architecture_available}" = yes; then
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_PLATFORM_CPU, __ARCHITECTURE__)
-    else
-	for archs in ${universal_archnames}; do
-	    cpu=`echo $archs | sed 's/.*=//'`
-	    archs=`echo $archs | sed 's/=.*//'`
-	    RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __${archs}__], RUBY_PLATFORM_CPU, ["${cpu}"])
-	done
-    fi
-    ints='long int short'
-    test "$ac_cv_type_long_long" = yes && ints="'long long' $ints"
-    AC_SUBST(UNIVERSAL_ARCHNAMES, "${universal_archnames}")
-    AC_SUBST(UNIVERSAL_INTS, "${ints}")
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_PLATFORM_OS, "${target_os}")
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_ARCH, "universal-"RUBY_PLATFORM_OS)
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_PLATFORM, "universal."RUBY_PLATFORM_CPU"-"RUBY_PLATFORM_OS)
-else
-    arch="${target_cpu}-${target_os}"
-    AS_CASE(["$arch"], [le32-nacl], [arch="pnacl"])
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_PLATFORM, "$arch")
-fi
-
-unset sitearch
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[mingw*],[sitearch="$target_cpu-$rb_cv_msvcrt"])
-: ${sitearch='${arch}'}
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(search-path,
-		AS_HELP_STRING([--with-search-path=DIR], [specify the additional search path]),
-		[search_path=$withval])
-if test "$search_path" != ""; then
-    AC_SUBST(RUBY_SEARCH_PATH, $search_path)
-fi
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(rubyhdrdir,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rubyhdrdir=DIR], [core headers in DIR [[INCLUDEDIR/RUBY_BASE_NAME-RUBY_VERSION]]]),
-	    [rubyhdrdir=$withval],
-	    [rubyhdrdir='${includedir}/${RUBY_VERSION_NAME}'])
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(rubyarchhdrdir,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rubyarchhdrdir=DIR],
-			   [architecture dependent core headers in DIR [[$(rubyhdrdir)/$(arch)]]]),
-	    [rubyarchhdrdir=$withval],
-	    [rubyarchhdrdir=${multiarch+'${archincludedir}/${RUBY_VERSION_NAME}'}${multiarch-'${rubyhdrdir}/${arch}'}])
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(sitehdrdir,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-sitehdrdir=DIR], [core site headers in DIR [[RUBYHDRDIR/site_ruby]]]),
-	    [sitehdrdir=$withval],
-	    [sitehdrdir='${rubyhdrdir}/site_ruby'])
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(sitearchhdrdir,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-sitearchhdrdir=DIR],
-			   [architecture dependent core site headers in DIR [[RUBYHDRDIR/site_ruby]]]),
-	    [sitearchhdrdir=$withval],
-	    [sitearchhdrdir=${multiarch+'${sitearchincludedir}/${RUBY_VERSION_NAME}/site_ruby'}${multiarch-'${sitehdrdir}/${sitearch}'}])
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(vendorhdrdir,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-vendorhdrdir=DIR], [core vendor headers in DIR [[RUBYHDRDIR/vendor_ruby]]]),
-	    [vendorhdrdir=$withval],
-	    [vendorhdrdir='${rubyhdrdir}/vendor_ruby'])
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(vendorarchhdrdir,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-vendorarchhdrdir=DIR],
-			   [architecture dependent core vendor headers in DIR [[RUBYHDRDIR/vendor_ruby]]]),
-	    [vendorarchhdrdir=$withval],
-	    [vendorarchhdrdir=${multiarch+'${sitearchincludedir}/${RUBY_VERSION_NAME}/vendor_ruby'}${multiarch-'${vendorhdrdir}/${sitearch}'}])
-
-AC_SUBST(rubyhdrdir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(sitehdrdir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(vendorhdrdir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(rubyarchhdrdir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(sitearchhdrdir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(vendorarchhdrdir)dnl
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(mantype,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-mantype=TYPE], [specify man page type; TYPE is one of man and doc]),
-		[
-			AS_CASE(["$withval"],
-			[man|doc], [MANTYPE=$withval],
-			[AC_MSG_ERROR(invalid man type: $withval)])
-		])
-if test -z "$MANTYPE"; then
-	AC_PATH_PROGS(NROFF, nroff awf, /bin/false, "/usr/bin:/usr/ucb")
-	if ${NROFF} -mdoc ${srcdir}/man/ruby.1 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-		MANTYPE=doc
-	else
-		MANTYPE=man
-	fi
-fi
-AC_SUBST(MANTYPE)
-
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(rubygems,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-rubygems], [disable rubygems by default]),
-	[enable_rubygems="$enableval"], [enable_rubygems=yes])
-if test x"$enable_rubygems" = xno; then
-    AC_DEFINE(DISABLE_RUBYGEMS, 1)
-    USE_RUBYGEMS=NO
-else
-    USE_RUBYGEMS=YES
-fi
-AC_SUBST(USE_RUBYGEMS)
-
-arch_hdrdir="${EXTOUT}/include/${arch}/ruby"
-AS_MKDIR_P("${arch_hdrdir}")
-config_h="${arch_hdrdir}/config.h"
-guard=INCLUDE_RUBY_CONFIG_H
-{
-  echo "#ifndef $guard"
-  echo "#define $guard 1"
-  grep -v "^#define PACKAGE_" confdefs.h
-  echo "#endif /* $guard */"
-} | tr -d '\015' |
-${srcdir}/tool/ifchange "${config_h}" -
-tr -d '\015' < largefile.h > confdefs.h
-rm largefile.h
-
-BUILTIN_ENCS=["`sed -n -e '/^BUILTIN_ENCS[ 	]*=/{' \
-	-e s/// -e :l -e '/\\\\$/N' -e 's/\\\\\\n/ /' -e 't l' -e p \
-	-e '}' "${srcdir}/enc/Makefile.in"`"]
-BUILTIN_ENCOBJS=
-for e in $BUILTIN_ENCS; do BUILTIN_ENCOBJS="$BUILTIN_ENCOBJS `basename $e .c`"'.$(OBJEXT)'; done
-AC_SUBST(BUILTIN_ENCOBJS)
-
-BUILTIN_TRANSES=["`sed -n -e '/^BUILTIN_TRANSES[ 	]*=/{' \
-	-e s/// -e :l -e '/\\\\$/N' -e 's/\\\\\\n/ /' -e 't l' -e p \
-	-e '}' "${srcdir}/enc/Makefile.in"`"]
-BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS=
-BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS=
-for e in $BUILTIN_TRANSES; do
-  BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS="$BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS `basename $e .trans`"'.c';
-  BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS="$BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS `basename $e .trans`"'.$(OBJEXT)';
-done
-AC_SUBST(BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS)
-AC_SUBST(BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS)
-
-PACKAGE=$RUBY_BASE_NAME
-AC_SUBST(PACKAGE)
-AC_MSG_RESULT($PACKAGE library version = $ruby_version)
-
-AS_CASE([" $CPP "], [*" $CC "*], [CPP=`echo " $CPP " | sed "s| $CC |"' $(CC) |;s/^ *//;s/  *$//'`])
-
-if test x"$firstmf" != x; then
-    AC_CONFIG_FILES($firstmf:$firsttmpl, [], [firstmf="$firstmf" firsttmpl="$firsttmpl"])
-fi
-AC_CONFIG_FILES(Makefile, [
-    tmpmk=confmk$$.tmp
-    {
-	if test ${VCS+set}; then
-	    :
-	elif svn info "$srcdir" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
-	    VCS='svn'
-	elif test -d "$srcdir/.git/svn"; then
-	    VCS='git svn'
-	elif test -d "$srcdir/.git"; then
-	    VCS='git'
-	else
-	    VCS='echo cannot'
-	fi
-	AS_CASE("$VCS",
-		[svn],       [VCSUP='$(VCS) up $(SVNUPOPTIONS)'],
-		["git svn"], [VCSUP='$(VCS) rebase $(GITSVNREBASEOPTIONS)'],
-		[git],       [VCSUP='$(VCS) pull $(GITPULLOPTIONS)'],
-		[VCSUP='$(VCS)'])
-	sed -n 's/^@%:@define \(RUBY_RELEASE_DATE\) "\(.*\)"/\1 = \2/p' "$srcdir/version.h"
-	sed '/^MISSING/s/\$U\././g;/^VCS *=/s#@VCS@#'"$VCS"'#;/^VCSUP *=/s#@VCSUP@#'"$VCSUP"'#' Makefile
-	echo; test x"$EXEEXT" = x || echo 'miniruby: miniruby$(EXEEXT)'
-	if test "$gnumake" != yes; then
-	    echo ['$(MKFILES): $(srcdir)/common.mk']
-	    sed ['s/{\$([^(){}]*)[^{}]*}//g'] ${srcdir}/common.mk
-	else
-	    echo 'distclean-local::; @$(RM) GNUmakefile uncommon.mk'
-	fi
-    } > $tmpmk && if ! grep '^ruby:' $tmpmk > /dev/null; then
-	if test "${gnumake}" = yes; then
-	    tmpgmk=confgmk$$.tmp
-	    {
-		echo "include $tmpmk"
-		echo "-include uncommon.mk"
-	    } > $tmpgmk
-	else
-	    tmpgmk=$tmpmk
-	fi &&
-	test -z "`${MAKE-make} -f $tmpgmk info-program | grep '^PROGRAM=ruby$'`" &&
-	echo 'ruby: $(PROGRAM);' >> $tmpmk
-	test "$tmpmk" = "$tmpgmk" || rm -f "$tmpgmk"
-    fi && mv -f $tmpmk Makefile],
-[EXEEXT='$EXEEXT' gnumake='$gnumake'])
-
-AC_ARG_WITH([ruby-pc],
-	    AC_HELP_STRING([pc file basename]),
-	    [ruby_pc="$withval"],
-	    [ruby_pc="${RUBY_BASE_NAME}-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.pc"])
-AC_SUBST(ruby_pc)
-AC_SUBST(exec, [exec])
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(destdir,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-destdir=DESTDIR], [specify default directory to install]),
-	    [DESTDIR="$withval"])
-AC_SUBST(DESTDIR)
-
-AC_CONFIG_FILES($ruby_pc:template/ruby.pc.in,
-    [
-    if sed ['s/\$(\([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*\))/${\1}/g;s/@[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*@//'] $ruby_pc > ruby.tmp.pc &&
-	{
-	    test -z "$PKG_CONFIG" ||
-	    PKG_CONFIG_PATH=. $PKG_CONFIG --print-errors ruby.tmp
-	}
-    then
-	mv -f ruby.tmp.pc $ruby_pc
-    else
-	exit 1
-    fi
-    ],
-    [ruby_pc='$ruby_pc' PKG_CONFIG='$PKG_CONFIG'])
-
-AC_OUTPUT
-}
-}
diff --git a/constant.h b/constant.h
index c7de5da533..e0d36909e1 100644
--- a/constant.h
+++ b/constant.h
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#ifndef CONSTANT_H
+#define CONSTANT_H
 /**********************************************************************
 
   constant.h -
@@ -8,36 +10,46 @@
   Copyright (C) 2009 Yusuke Endoh
 
 **********************************************************************/
-#ifndef CONSTANT_H
-#define CONSTANT_H
+#include "ruby/ruby.h"
+#include "id_table.h"
 
 typedef enum {
+    CONST_DEPRECATED = 0x100,
+
+    CONST_VISIBILITY_MASK = 0xff,
     CONST_PUBLIC    = 0x00,
     CONST_PRIVATE,
     CONST_VISIBILITY_MAX
 } rb_const_flag_t;
 
 #define RB_CONST_PRIVATE_P(ce) \
-    ((ce)->flag == CONST_PRIVATE)
+    (((ce)->flag & CONST_VISIBILITY_MASK) == CONST_PRIVATE)
 #define RB_CONST_PUBLIC_P(ce) \
-    ((ce)->flag == CONST_PUBLIC)
+    (((ce)->flag & CONST_VISIBILITY_MASK) == CONST_PUBLIC)
+
+#define RB_CONST_DEPRECATED_P(ce) \
+    ((ce)->flag & CONST_DEPRECATED)
 
 typedef struct rb_const_entry_struct {
     rb_const_flag_t flag;
     int line;
-    const VALUE value;            /* should be mark */
-    const VALUE file;             /* should be mark */
+    VALUE value;            /* should be mark */
+    VALUE file;             /* should be mark */
 } rb_const_entry_t;
 
 VALUE rb_mod_private_constant(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
 VALUE rb_mod_public_constant(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
-void rb_free_const_table(st_table *tbl);
-VALUE rb_public_const_get(VALUE klass, ID id);
+VALUE rb_mod_deprecate_constant(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
+void rb_free_const_table(struct rb_id_table *tbl);
+VALUE rb_const_source_location(VALUE, ID);
+
+MJIT_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
+int rb_autoloading_value(VALUE mod, ID id, VALUE *value, rb_const_flag_t *flag);
+rb_const_entry_t *rb_const_lookup(VALUE klass, ID id);
 VALUE rb_public_const_get_at(VALUE klass, ID id);
 VALUE rb_public_const_get_from(VALUE klass, ID id);
-int rb_public_const_defined(VALUE klass, ID id);
-int rb_public_const_defined_at(VALUE klass, ID id);
 int rb_public_const_defined_from(VALUE klass, ID id);
-rb_const_entry_t *rb_const_lookup(VALUE klass, ID id);
+VALUE rb_const_source_location_at(VALUE, ID);
+MJIT_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
 
 #endif /* CONSTANT_H */
diff --git a/cont.c b/cont.c
index 84a10a4ff9..a7103a087e 100644
--- a/cont.c
+++ b/cont.c
@@ -9,270 +9,947 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#include "internal.h"
-#include "vm_core.h"
-#include "gc.h"
-#include "eval_intern.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
 
-/* FIBER_USE_NATIVE enables Fiber performance improvement using system
- * dependent method such as make/setcontext on POSIX system or
- * CreateFiber() API on Windows.
- * This hack make Fiber context switch faster (x2 or more).
- * However, it decrease maximum number of Fiber.  For example, on the
- * 32bit POSIX OS, ten or twenty thousands Fiber can be created.
- *
- * Details is reported in the paper "A Fast Fiber Implementation for Ruby 1.9"
- * in Proc. of 51th Programming Symposium, pp.21--28 (2010) (in Japanese).
- */
-
-#if !defined(FIBER_USE_NATIVE)
-# if defined(HAVE_GETCONTEXT) && defined(HAVE_SETCONTEXT)
-#   if 0
-#   elif defined(__NetBSD__)
-/* On our experience, NetBSD doesn't support using setcontext() and pthread
- * simultaneously.  This is because pthread_self(), TLS and other information
- * are represented by stack pointer (higher bits of stack pointer).
- * TODO: check such constraint on configure.
- */
-#     define FIBER_USE_NATIVE 0
-#   elif defined(__sun)
-/* On Solaris because resuming any Fiber caused SEGV, for some reason.
- */
-#     define FIBER_USE_NATIVE 0
-#   elif defined(__ia64)
-/* At least, Linux/ia64's getcontext(3) doesn't save register window.
- */
-#     define FIBER_USE_NATIVE 0
-#   elif defined(__GNU__)
-/* GNU/Hurd doesn't fully support getcontext, setcontext, makecontext
- * and swapcontext functions. Disabling their usage till support is
- * implemented. More info at
- * http://darnassus.sceen.net/~hurd-web/open_issues/glibc/#getcontext
- */
-#     define FIBER_USE_NATIVE 0
-#   else
-#     define FIBER_USE_NATIVE 1
-#   endif
-# elif defined(_WIN32)
-#   if _WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0400
-/* only when _WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0400 on Windows because Fiber APIs are
- * supported only such building (and running) environments.
- * [ruby-dev:41192]
- */
-#     define FIBER_USE_NATIVE 1
-#   endif
-# endif
-#endif
-#if !defined(FIBER_USE_NATIVE)
-#define FIBER_USE_NATIVE 0
-#endif
-
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE
 #ifndef _WIN32
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <ucontext.h>
 #endif
+
+#include COROUTINE_H
+
+#include "eval_intern.h"
+#include "gc.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/cont.h"
+#include "internal/proc.h"
+#include "internal/warnings.h"
+#include "internal/scheduler.h"
+#include "mjit.h"
+#include "vm_core.h"
+#include "id_table.h"
+#include "ractor_core.h"
+
+static const int DEBUG = 0;
+
 #define RB_PAGE_SIZE (pagesize)
 #define RB_PAGE_MASK (~(RB_PAGE_SIZE - 1))
 static long pagesize;
-#endif /*FIBER_USE_NATIVE*/
+
+static const rb_data_type_t cont_data_type, fiber_data_type;
+static VALUE rb_cContinuation;
+static VALUE rb_cFiber;
+static VALUE rb_eFiberError;
+#ifdef RB_EXPERIMENTAL_FIBER_POOL
+static VALUE rb_cFiberPool;
+#endif
 
 #define CAPTURE_JUST_VALID_VM_STACK 1
 
+// Defined in `coroutine/$arch/Context.h`:
+#ifdef COROUTINE_LIMITED_ADDRESS_SPACE
+#define FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+#define FIBER_POOL_INITIAL_SIZE 8
+#define FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_MAXIMUM_SIZE 32
+#else
+#define FIBER_POOL_INITIAL_SIZE 32
+#define FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_MAXIMUM_SIZE 1024
+#endif
+
 enum context_type {
     CONTINUATION_CONTEXT = 0,
-    FIBER_CONTEXT = 1,
-    ROOT_FIBER_CONTEXT = 2
+    FIBER_CONTEXT = 1
+};
+
+struct cont_saved_vm_stack {
+    VALUE *ptr;
+#ifdef CAPTURE_JUST_VALID_VM_STACK
+    size_t slen;  /* length of stack (head of ec->vm_stack) */
+    size_t clen;  /* length of control frames (tail of ec->vm_stack) */
+#endif
+};
+
+struct fiber_pool;
+
+// Represents a single stack.
+struct fiber_pool_stack {
+    // A pointer to the memory allocation (lowest address) for the stack.
+    void * base;
+
+    // The current stack pointer, taking into account the direction of the stack.
+    void * current;
+
+    // The size of the stack excluding any guard pages.
+    size_t size;
+
+    // The available stack capacity w.r.t. the current stack offset.
+    size_t available;
+
+    // The pool this stack should be allocated from.
+    struct fiber_pool * pool;
+
+    // If the stack is allocated, the allocation it came from.
+    struct fiber_pool_allocation * allocation;
+};
+
+// A linked list of vacant (unused) stacks.
+// This structure is stored in the first page of a stack if it is not in use.
+// @sa fiber_pool_vacancy_pointer
+struct fiber_pool_vacancy {
+    // Details about the vacant stack:
+    struct fiber_pool_stack stack;
+
+    // The vacancy linked list.
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * previous;
+#endif
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * next;
+};
+
+// Manages singly linked list of mapped regions of memory which contains 1 more more stack:
+//
+// base = +-------------------------------+-----------------------+  +
+//        |VM Stack       |VM Stack       |                       |  |
+//        |               |               |                       |  |
+//        |               |               |                       |  |
+//        +-------------------------------+                       |  |
+//        |Machine Stack  |Machine Stack  |                       |  |
+//        |               |               |                       |  |
+//        |               |               |                       |  |
+//        |               |               | .  .  .  .            |  |  size
+//        |               |               |                       |  |
+//        |               |               |                       |  |
+//        |               |               |                       |  |
+//        |               |               |                       |  |
+//        |               |               |                       |  |
+//        +-------------------------------+                       |  |
+//        |Guard Page     |Guard Page     |                       |  |
+//        +-------------------------------+-----------------------+  v
+//
+//        +------------------------------------------------------->
+//
+//                                  count
+//
+struct fiber_pool_allocation {
+    // A pointer to the memory mapped region.
+    void * base;
+
+    // The size of the individual stacks.
+    size_t size;
+
+    // The stride of individual stacks (including any guard pages or other accounting details).
+    size_t stride;
+
+    // The number of stacks that were allocated.
+    size_t count;
+
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+    // The number of stacks used in this allocation.
+    size_t used;
+#endif
+
+    struct fiber_pool * pool;
+
+    // The allocation linked list.
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+    struct fiber_pool_allocation * previous;
+#endif
+    struct fiber_pool_allocation * next;
+};
+
+// A fiber pool manages vacant stacks to reduce the overhead of creating fibers.
+struct fiber_pool {
+    // A singly-linked list of allocations which contain 1 or more stacks each.
+    struct fiber_pool_allocation * allocations;
+
+    // Provides O(1) stack "allocation":
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancies;
+
+    // The size of the stack allocations (excluding any guard page).
+    size_t size;
+
+    // The total number of stacks that have been allocated in this pool.
+    size_t count;
+
+    // The initial number of stacks to allocate.
+    size_t initial_count;
+
+    // Whether to madvise(free) the stack or not:
+    int free_stacks;
+
+    // The number of stacks that have been used in this pool.
+    size_t used;
+
+    // The amount to allocate for the vm_stack:
+    size_t vm_stack_size;
 };
 
 typedef struct rb_context_struct {
     enum context_type type;
     int argc;
+    int kw_splat;
     VALUE self;
     VALUE value;
-    VALUE *vm_stack;
-#ifdef CAPTURE_JUST_VALID_VM_STACK
-    size_t vm_stack_slen;  /* length of stack (head of th->stack) */
-    size_t vm_stack_clen;  /* length of control frames (tail of th->stack) */
-#endif
+
+    struct cont_saved_vm_stack saved_vm_stack;
+
     struct {
-	VALUE *stack;
-	VALUE *stack_src;
-	size_t stack_size;
-#ifdef __ia64
-	VALUE *register_stack;
-	VALUE *register_stack_src;
-	int register_stack_size;
-#endif
+        VALUE *stack;
+        VALUE *stack_src;
+        size_t stack_size;
     } machine;
-    rb_thread_t saved_thread; /* selected properties of GET_THREAD() (see cont_save_thread) */
+    rb_execution_context_t saved_ec;
     rb_jmpbuf_t jmpbuf;
     rb_ensure_entry_t *ensure_array;
-    rb_ensure_list_t *ensure_list;
+    /* Pointer to MJIT info about the continuation.  */
+    struct mjit_cont *mjit_cont;
 } rb_context_t;
 
+
+/*
+ * Fiber status:
+ *    [Fiber.new] ------> FIBER_CREATED
+ *                        | [Fiber#resume]
+ *                        v
+ *                   +--> FIBER_RESUMED ----+
+ *    [Fiber#resume] |    | [Fiber.yield]   |
+ *                   |    v                 |
+ *                   +-- FIBER_SUSPENDED    | [Terminate]
+ *                                          |
+ *                       FIBER_TERMINATED <-+
+ */
 enum fiber_status {
-    CREATED,
-    RUNNING,
-    TERMINATED
+    FIBER_CREATED,
+    FIBER_RESUMED,
+    FIBER_SUSPENDED,
+    FIBER_TERMINATED
 };
 
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE && !defined(_WIN32)
-#define MAX_MACHINE_STACK_CACHE  10
-static int machine_stack_cache_index = 0;
-typedef struct machine_stack_cache_struct {
-    void *ptr;
-    size_t size;
-} machine_stack_cache_t;
-static machine_stack_cache_t machine_stack_cache[MAX_MACHINE_STACK_CACHE];
-static machine_stack_cache_t terminated_machine_stack;
-#endif
+#define FIBER_CREATED_P(fiber)    ((fiber)->status == FIBER_CREATED)
+#define FIBER_RESUMED_P(fiber)    ((fiber)->status == FIBER_RESUMED)
+#define FIBER_SUSPENDED_P(fiber)  ((fiber)->status == FIBER_SUSPENDED)
+#define FIBER_TERMINATED_P(fiber) ((fiber)->status == FIBER_TERMINATED)
+#define FIBER_RUNNABLE_P(fiber)   (FIBER_CREATED_P(fiber) || FIBER_SUSPENDED_P(fiber))
 
 struct rb_fiber_struct {
     rb_context_t cont;
+    VALUE first_proc;
     struct rb_fiber_struct *prev;
-    enum fiber_status status;
-    /* If a fiber invokes "transfer",
-     * then this fiber can't "resume" any more after that.
-     * You shouldn't mix "transfer" and "resume".
-     */
-    int transferred;
+    VALUE resuming_fiber;
+
+    BITFIELD(enum fiber_status, status, 2);
+    /* Whether the fiber is allowed to implicitly yield. */
+    unsigned int yielding : 1;
+    unsigned int blocking : 1;
+
+    struct coroutine_context context;
+    struct fiber_pool_stack stack;
+};
+
+static struct fiber_pool shared_fiber_pool = {NULL, NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+
+static ID fiber_initialize_keywords[2] = {0};
+
+/*
+ * FreeBSD require a first (i.e. addr) argument of mmap(2) is not NULL
+ * if MAP_STACK is passed.
+ * http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=158755
+ */
+#if defined(MAP_STACK) && !defined(__FreeBSD__) && !defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
+#define FIBER_STACK_FLAGS (MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON | MAP_STACK)
+#else
+#define FIBER_STACK_FLAGS (MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON)
+#endif
+
+#define ERRNOMSG strerror(errno)
+
+// Locates the stack vacancy details for the given stack.
+// Requires that fiber_pool_vacancy fits within one page.
+inline static struct fiber_pool_vacancy *
+fiber_pool_vacancy_pointer(void * base, size_t size)
+{
+    STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
+
+    return (struct fiber_pool_vacancy *)(
+        (char*)base + STACK_DIR_UPPER(0, size - RB_PAGE_SIZE)
+    );
+}
+
+// Reset the current stack pointer and available size of the given stack.
+inline static void
+fiber_pool_stack_reset(struct fiber_pool_stack * stack)
+{
+    STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
+
+    stack->current = (char*)stack->base + STACK_DIR_UPPER(0, stack->size);
+    stack->available = stack->size;
+}
+
+// A pointer to the base of the current unused portion of the stack.
+inline static void *
+fiber_pool_stack_base(struct fiber_pool_stack * stack)
+{
+    STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
+
+    VM_ASSERT(stack->current);
+
+    return STACK_DIR_UPPER(stack->current, (char*)stack->current - stack->available);
+}
+
+// Allocate some memory from the stack. Used to allocate vm_stack inline with machine stack.
+// @sa fiber_initialize_coroutine
+inline static void *
+fiber_pool_stack_alloca(struct fiber_pool_stack * stack, size_t offset)
+{
+    STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
+
+    if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_pool_stack_alloca(%p): %"PRIuSIZE"/%"PRIuSIZE"\n", (void*)stack, offset, stack->available);
+    VM_ASSERT(stack->available >= offset);
+
+    // The pointer to the memory being allocated:
+    void * pointer = STACK_DIR_UPPER(stack->current, (char*)stack->current - offset);
+
+    // Move the stack pointer:
+    stack->current = STACK_DIR_UPPER((char*)stack->current + offset, (char*)stack->current - offset);
+    stack->available -= offset;
+
+    return pointer;
+}
+
+// Reset the current stack pointer and available size of the given stack.
+inline static void
+fiber_pool_vacancy_reset(struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy)
+{
+    fiber_pool_stack_reset(&vacancy->stack);
+
+    // Consume one page of the stack because it's used for the vacancy list:
+    fiber_pool_stack_alloca(&vacancy->stack, RB_PAGE_SIZE);
+}
+
+inline static struct fiber_pool_vacancy *
+fiber_pool_vacancy_push(struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy, struct fiber_pool_vacancy * head)
+{
+    vacancy->next = head;
+
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+    if (head) {
+        head->previous = vacancy;
+        vacancy->previous = NULL;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return vacancy;
+}
+
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+static void
+fiber_pool_vacancy_remove(struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy)
+{
+    if (vacancy->next) {
+        vacancy->next->previous = vacancy->previous;
+    }
+
+    if (vacancy->previous) {
+        vacancy->previous->next = vacancy->next;
+    }
+    else {
+        // It's the head of the list:
+        vacancy->stack.pool->vacancies = vacancy->next;
+    }
+}
+
+inline static struct fiber_pool_vacancy *
+fiber_pool_vacancy_pop(struct fiber_pool * pool)
+{
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy = pool->vacancies;
+
+    if (vacancy) {
+        fiber_pool_vacancy_remove(vacancy);
+    }
+
+    return vacancy;
+}
+#else
+inline static struct fiber_pool_vacancy *
+fiber_pool_vacancy_pop(struct fiber_pool * pool)
+{
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy = pool->vacancies;
+
+    if (vacancy) {
+        pool->vacancies = vacancy->next;
+    }
+
+    return vacancy;
+}
+#endif
+
+// Initialize the vacant stack. The [base, size] allocation should not include the guard page.
+// @param base The pointer to the lowest address of the allocated memory.
+// @param size The size of the allocated memory.
+inline static struct fiber_pool_vacancy *
+fiber_pool_vacancy_initialize(struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool, struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancies, void * base, size_t size)
+{
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy = fiber_pool_vacancy_pointer(base, size);
+
+    vacancy->stack.base = base;
+    vacancy->stack.size = size;
+
+    fiber_pool_vacancy_reset(vacancy);
+
+    vacancy->stack.pool = fiber_pool;
+
+    return fiber_pool_vacancy_push(vacancy, vacancies);
+}
+
+// Allocate a maximum of count stacks, size given by stride.
+// @param count the number of stacks to allocate / were allocated.
+// @param stride the size of the individual stacks.
+// @return [void *] the allocated memory or NULL if allocation failed.
+inline static void *
+fiber_pool_allocate_memory(size_t * count, size_t stride)
+{
+    // We use a divide-by-2 strategy to try and allocate memory. We are trying
+    // to allocate `count` stacks. In normal situation, this won't fail. But
+    // if we ran out of address space, or we are allocating more memory than
+    // the system would allow (e.g. overcommit * physical memory + swap), we
+    // divide count by two and try again. This condition should only be
+    // encountered in edge cases, but we handle it here gracefully.
+    while (*count > 1) {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        void * base = VirtualAlloc(0, (*count)*stride, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
+
+        if (!base) {
+            *count = (*count) >> 1;
+        }
+        else {
+            return base;
+        }
+#else
+        errno = 0;
+        void * base = mmap(NULL, (*count)*stride, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, FIBER_STACK_FLAGS, -1, 0);
+
+        if (base == MAP_FAILED) {
+            // If the allocation fails, count = count / 2, and try again.
+            *count = (*count) >> 1;
+        }
+        else {
+            return base;
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+// Given an existing fiber pool, expand it by the specified number of stacks.
+// @param count the maximum number of stacks to allocate.
+// @return the allocated fiber pool.
+// @sa fiber_pool_allocation_free
+static struct fiber_pool_allocation *
+fiber_pool_expand(struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool, size_t count)
+{
+    STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
+
+    size_t size = fiber_pool->size;
+    size_t stride = size + RB_PAGE_SIZE;
+
+    // Allocate the memory required for the stacks:
+    void * base = fiber_pool_allocate_memory(&count, stride);
+
+    if (base == NULL) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "can't alloc machine stack to fiber (%"PRIuSIZE" x %"PRIuSIZE" bytes): %s", count, size, ERRNOMSG);
+    }
+
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancies = fiber_pool->vacancies;
+    struct fiber_pool_allocation * allocation = RB_ALLOC(struct fiber_pool_allocation);
+
+    // Initialize fiber pool allocation:
+    allocation->base = base;
+    allocation->size = size;
+    allocation->stride = stride;
+    allocation->count = count;
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+    allocation->used = 0;
+#endif
+    allocation->pool = fiber_pool;
+
+    if (DEBUG) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "fiber_pool_expand(%"PRIuSIZE"): %p, %"PRIuSIZE"/%"PRIuSIZE" x [%"PRIuSIZE":%"PRIuSIZE"]\n",
+                count, (void*)fiber_pool, fiber_pool->used, fiber_pool->count, size, fiber_pool->vm_stack_size);
+    }
+
+    // Iterate over all stacks, initializing the vacancy list:
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
+        void * base = (char*)allocation->base + (stride * i);
+        void * page = (char*)base + STACK_DIR_UPPER(size, 0);
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        DWORD old_protect;
+
+        if (!VirtualProtect(page, RB_PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_READWRITE | PAGE_GUARD, &old_protect)) {
+            VirtualFree(allocation->base, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
+            rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "can't set a guard page: %s", ERRNOMSG);
+        }
+#else
+        if (mprotect(page, RB_PAGE_SIZE, PROT_NONE) < 0) {
+            munmap(allocation->base, count*stride);
+            rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "can't set a guard page: %s", ERRNOMSG);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        vacancies = fiber_pool_vacancy_initialize(
+            fiber_pool, vacancies,
+            (char*)base + STACK_DIR_UPPER(0, RB_PAGE_SIZE),
+            size
+        );
+
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+        vacancies->stack.allocation = allocation;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // Insert the allocation into the head of the pool:
+    allocation->next = fiber_pool->allocations;
+
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+    if (allocation->next) {
+        allocation->next->previous = allocation;
+    }
+
+    allocation->previous = NULL;
+#endif
+
+    fiber_pool->allocations = allocation;
+    fiber_pool->vacancies = vacancies;
+    fiber_pool->count += count;
+
+    return allocation;
+}
+
+// Initialize the specified fiber pool with the given number of stacks.
+// @param vm_stack_size The size of the vm stack to allocate.
+static void
+fiber_pool_initialize(struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool, size_t size, size_t count, size_t vm_stack_size)
+{
+    VM_ASSERT(vm_stack_size < size);
+
+    fiber_pool->allocations = NULL;
+    fiber_pool->vacancies = NULL;
+    fiber_pool->size = ((size / RB_PAGE_SIZE) + 1) * RB_PAGE_SIZE;
+    fiber_pool->count = 0;
+    fiber_pool->initial_count = count;
+    fiber_pool->free_stacks = 1;
+    fiber_pool->used = 0;
+
+    fiber_pool->vm_stack_size = vm_stack_size;
+
+    fiber_pool_expand(fiber_pool, count);
+}
+
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+// Free the list of fiber pool allocations.
+static void
+fiber_pool_allocation_free(struct fiber_pool_allocation * allocation)
+{
+    STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
+
+    VM_ASSERT(allocation->used == 0);
+
+    if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_pool_allocation_free: %p base=%p count=%"PRIuSIZE"\n", allocation, allocation->base, allocation->count);
+
+    size_t i;
+    for (i = 0; i < allocation->count; i += 1) {
+        void * base = (char*)allocation->base + (allocation->stride * i) + STACK_DIR_UPPER(0, RB_PAGE_SIZE);
+
+        struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy = fiber_pool_vacancy_pointer(base, allocation->size);
+
+        // Pop the vacant stack off the free list:
+        fiber_pool_vacancy_remove(vacancy);
+    }
 
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE
 #ifdef _WIN32
-    void *fib_handle;
+    VirtualFree(allocation->base, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
 #else
-    ucontext_t context;
-    /* Because context.uc_stack.ss_sp and context.uc_stack.ss_size
-     * are not necessarily valid after makecontext() or swapcontext(),
-     * they are saved in these variables for later use.
-     */
-    void *ss_sp;
-    size_t ss_size;
+    munmap(allocation->base, allocation->stride * allocation->count);
+#endif
+
+    if (allocation->previous) {
+        allocation->previous->next = allocation->next;
+    }
+    else {
+        // We are the head of the list, so update the pool:
+        allocation->pool->allocations = allocation->next;
+    }
+
+    if (allocation->next) {
+        allocation->next->previous = allocation->previous;
+    }
+
+    allocation->pool->count -= allocation->count;
+
+    ruby_xfree(allocation);
+}
 #endif
+
+// Acquire a stack from the given fiber pool. If none are available, allocate more.
+static struct fiber_pool_stack
+fiber_pool_stack_acquire(struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool) {
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy = fiber_pool_vacancy_pop(fiber_pool);
+
+    if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_pool_stack_acquire: %p used=%"PRIuSIZE"\n", (void*)fiber_pool->vacancies, fiber_pool->used);
+
+    if (!vacancy) {
+        const size_t maximum = FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_MAXIMUM_SIZE;
+        const size_t minimum = fiber_pool->initial_count;
+
+        size_t count = fiber_pool->count;
+        if (count > maximum) count = maximum;
+        if (count < minimum) count = minimum;
+
+        fiber_pool_expand(fiber_pool, count);
+
+        // The free list should now contain some stacks:
+        VM_ASSERT(fiber_pool->vacancies);
+
+        vacancy = fiber_pool_vacancy_pop(fiber_pool);
+    }
+
+    VM_ASSERT(vacancy);
+    VM_ASSERT(vacancy->stack.base);
+
+    // Take the top item from the free list:
+    fiber_pool->used += 1;
+
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+    vacancy->stack.allocation->used += 1;
 #endif
-};
 
-static const rb_data_type_t cont_data_type, fiber_data_type;
-static VALUE rb_cContinuation;
-static VALUE rb_cFiber;
-static VALUE rb_eFiberError;
+    fiber_pool_stack_reset(&vacancy->stack);
+
+    return vacancy->stack;
+}
+
+// We advise the operating system that the stack memory pages are no longer being used.
+// This introduce some performance overhead but allows system to relaim memory when there is pressure.
+static inline void
+fiber_pool_stack_free(struct fiber_pool_stack * stack)
+{
+    void * base = fiber_pool_stack_base(stack);
+    size_t size = stack->available;
+
+    // If this is not true, the vacancy information will almost certainly be destroyed:
+    VM_ASSERT(size <= (stack->size - RB_PAGE_SIZE));
+
+    if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_pool_stack_free: %p+%"PRIuSIZE" [base=%p, size=%"PRIuSIZE"]\n", base, size, stack->base, stack->size);
+
+#if VM_CHECK_MODE > 0 && defined(MADV_DONTNEED)
+    // This immediately discards the pages and the memory is reset to zero.
+    madvise(base, size, MADV_DONTNEED);
+#elif defined(MADV_FREE_REUSABLE)
+    madvise(base, size, MADV_FREE_REUSABLE);
+#elif defined(MADV_FREE)
+    madvise(base, size, MADV_FREE);
+#elif defined(MADV_DONTNEED)
+    madvise(base, size, MADV_DONTNEED);
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+    VirtualAlloc(base, size, MEM_RESET, PAGE_READWRITE);
+    // Not available in all versions of Windows.
+    //DiscardVirtualMemory(base, size);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Release and return a stack to the vacancy list.
+static void
+fiber_pool_stack_release(struct fiber_pool_stack * stack)
+{
+    struct fiber_pool * pool = stack->pool;
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy = fiber_pool_vacancy_pointer(stack->base, stack->size);
+
+    if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_pool_stack_release: %p used=%"PRIuSIZE"\n", stack->base, stack->pool->used);
+
+    // Copy the stack details into the vacancy area:
+    vacancy->stack = *stack;
+    // After this point, be careful about updating/using state in stack, since it's copied to the vacancy area.
+
+    // Reset the stack pointers and reserve space for the vacancy data:
+    fiber_pool_vacancy_reset(vacancy);
+
+    // Push the vacancy into the vancancies list:
+    pool->vacancies = fiber_pool_vacancy_push(vacancy, stack->pool->vacancies);
+    pool->used -= 1;
+
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+    struct fiber_pool_allocation * allocation = stack->allocation;
+
+    allocation->used -= 1;
+
+    // Release address space and/or dirty memory:
+    if (allocation->used == 0) {
+        fiber_pool_allocation_free(allocation);
+    }
+    else if (stack->pool->free_stacks) {
+        fiber_pool_stack_free(&vacancy->stack);
+    }
+#else
+    // This is entirely optional, but clears the dirty flag from the stack memory, so it won't get swapped to disk when there is memory pressure:
+    if (stack->pool->free_stacks) {
+        fiber_pool_stack_free(&vacancy->stack);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+static COROUTINE
+fiber_entry(struct coroutine_context * from, struct coroutine_context * to)
+{
+    rb_fiber_start();
+}
+
+// Initialize a fiber's coroutine's machine stack and vm stack.
+static VALUE *
+fiber_initialize_coroutine(rb_fiber_t *fiber, size_t * vm_stack_size)
+{
+    struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool = fiber->stack.pool;
+    rb_execution_context_t *sec = &fiber->cont.saved_ec;
+    void * vm_stack = NULL;
+
+    VM_ASSERT(fiber_pool != NULL);
+
+    fiber->stack = fiber_pool_stack_acquire(fiber_pool);
+    vm_stack = fiber_pool_stack_alloca(&fiber->stack, fiber_pool->vm_stack_size);
+    *vm_stack_size = fiber_pool->vm_stack_size;
+
+#ifdef COROUTINE_PRIVATE_STACK
+    coroutine_initialize(&fiber->context, fiber_entry, fiber_pool_stack_base(&fiber->stack), fiber->stack.available, sec->machine.stack_start);
+    // The stack for this execution context is still the main machine stack, so don't adjust it.
+    // If this is not managed correctly, you will fail in `rb_ec_stack_check`.
+
+    // We limit the machine stack usage to the fiber stack size.
+    if (sec->machine.stack_maxsize > fiber->stack.available) {
+        sec->machine.stack_maxsize = fiber->stack.available;
+    }
+#else
+    coroutine_initialize(&fiber->context, fiber_entry, fiber_pool_stack_base(&fiber->stack), fiber->stack.available);
+
+    // The stack for this execution context is the one we allocated:
+    sec->machine.stack_start = fiber->stack.current;
+    sec->machine.stack_maxsize = fiber->stack.available;
+#endif
+
+    return vm_stack;
+}
+
+// Release the stack from the fiber, it's execution context, and return it to the fiber pool.
+static void
+fiber_stack_release(rb_fiber_t * fiber)
+{
+    rb_execution_context_t *ec = &fiber->cont.saved_ec;
 
-#define GetContPtr(obj, ptr)  \
-    TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), rb_context_t, &cont_data_type, (ptr))
+    if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_stack_release: %p, stack.base=%p\n", (void*)fiber, fiber->stack.base);
+
+    // Return the stack back to the fiber pool if it wasn't already:
+    if (fiber->stack.base) {
+        fiber_pool_stack_release(&fiber->stack);
+        fiber->stack.base = NULL;
+    }
 
-#define GetFiberPtr(obj, ptr)  do {\
-    TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), rb_fiber_t, &fiber_data_type, (ptr)); \
-    if (!(ptr)) rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "uninitialized fiber"); \
-} while (0)
+    // The stack is no longer associated with this execution context:
+    rb_ec_clear_vm_stack(ec);
+}
+
+static const char *
+fiber_status_name(enum fiber_status s)
+{
+    switch (s) {
+      case FIBER_CREATED: return "created";
+      case FIBER_RESUMED: return "resumed";
+      case FIBER_SUSPENDED: return "suspended";
+      case FIBER_TERMINATED: return "terminated";
+    }
+    VM_UNREACHABLE(fiber_status_name);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+fiber_verify(const rb_fiber_t *fiber)
+{
+#if VM_CHECK_MODE > 0
+    VM_ASSERT(fiber->cont.saved_ec.fiber_ptr == fiber);
+
+    switch (fiber->status) {
+      case FIBER_RESUMED:
+        VM_ASSERT(fiber->cont.saved_ec.vm_stack != NULL);
+        break;
+      case FIBER_SUSPENDED:
+        VM_ASSERT(fiber->cont.saved_ec.vm_stack != NULL);
+        break;
+      case FIBER_CREATED:
+      case FIBER_TERMINATED:
+        /* TODO */
+        break;
+      default:
+        VM_UNREACHABLE(fiber_verify);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+inline static void
+fiber_status_set(rb_fiber_t *fiber, enum fiber_status s)
+{
+    // if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber: %p, status: %s -> %s\n", (void *)fiber, fiber_status_name(fiber->status), fiber_status_name(s));
+    VM_ASSERT(!FIBER_TERMINATED_P(fiber));
+    VM_ASSERT(fiber->status != s);
+    fiber_verify(fiber);
+    fiber->status = s;
+}
+
+static inline void
+ec_switch(rb_thread_t *th, rb_fiber_t *fiber)
+{
+    rb_execution_context_t *ec = &fiber->cont.saved_ec;
+    rb_ractor_set_current_ec(th->ractor, th->ec = ec);
+    // ruby_current_execution_context_ptr = th->ec = ec;
+
+    /*
+     * timer-thread may set trap interrupt on previous th->ec at any time;
+     * ensure we do not delay (or lose) the trap interrupt handling.
+     */
+    if (th->vm->ractor.main_thread == th &&
+        rb_signal_buff_size() > 0) {
+        RUBY_VM_SET_TRAP_INTERRUPT(ec);
+    }
+
+    VM_ASSERT(ec->fiber_ptr->cont.self == 0 || ec->vm_stack != NULL);
+}
+
+static rb_context_t *
+cont_ptr(VALUE obj)
+{
+    rb_context_t *cont;
+
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(obj, rb_context_t, &cont_data_type, cont);
+
+    return cont;
+}
+
+static rb_fiber_t *
+fiber_ptr(VALUE obj)
+{
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber;
+
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(obj, rb_fiber_t, &fiber_data_type, fiber);
+    if (!fiber) rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "uninitialized fiber");
+
+    return fiber;
+}
 
 NOINLINE(static VALUE cont_capture(volatile int *volatile stat));
 
 #define THREAD_MUST_BE_RUNNING(th) do { \
-	if (!(th)->tag) rb_raise(rb_eThreadError, "not running thread");	\
+        if (!(th)->ec->tag) rb_raise(rb_eThreadError, "not running thread"); \
     } while (0)
 
+rb_thread_t*
+rb_fiber_threadptr(const rb_fiber_t *fiber)
+{
+    return fiber->cont.saved_ec.thread_ptr;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+cont_thread_value(const rb_context_t *cont)
+{
+    return cont->saved_ec.thread_ptr->self;
+}
+
+static void
+cont_compact(void *ptr)
+{
+    rb_context_t *cont = ptr;
+
+    if (cont->self) {
+        cont->self = rb_gc_location(cont->self);
+    }
+    cont->value = rb_gc_location(cont->value);
+    rb_execution_context_update(&cont->saved_ec);
+}
+
 static void
 cont_mark(void *ptr)
 {
+    rb_context_t *cont = ptr;
+
     RUBY_MARK_ENTER("cont");
-    if (ptr) {
-	rb_context_t *cont = ptr;
-	rb_gc_mark(cont->value);
-	rb_thread_mark(&cont->saved_thread);
-	rb_gc_mark(cont->saved_thread.self);
+    if (cont->self) {
+        rb_gc_mark_movable(cont->self);
+    }
+    rb_gc_mark_movable(cont->value);
+
+    rb_execution_context_mark(&cont->saved_ec);
+    rb_gc_mark(cont_thread_value(cont));
 
-	if (cont->vm_stack) {
+    if (cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr) {
 #ifdef CAPTURE_JUST_VALID_VM_STACK
-	    rb_gc_mark_locations(cont->vm_stack,
-				 cont->vm_stack + cont->vm_stack_slen + cont->vm_stack_clen);
+        rb_gc_mark_locations(cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr,
+                             cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr + cont->saved_vm_stack.slen + cont->saved_vm_stack.clen);
 #else
-	    rb_gc_mark_locations(cont->vm_stack,
-				 cont->vm_stack, cont->saved_thread.stack_size);
+        rb_gc_mark_locations(cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr,
+                             cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr, cont->saved_ec.stack_size);
 #endif
-	}
+    }
 
-	if (cont->machine.stack) {
-	    if (cont->type == CONTINUATION_CONTEXT) {
-		/* cont */
-		rb_gc_mark_locations(cont->machine.stack,
-				     cont->machine.stack + cont->machine.stack_size);
+    if (cont->machine.stack) {
+        if (cont->type == CONTINUATION_CONTEXT) {
+            /* cont */
+            rb_gc_mark_locations(cont->machine.stack,
+                                 cont->machine.stack + cont->machine.stack_size);
+        }
+        else {
+            /* fiber */
+            const rb_fiber_t *fiber = (rb_fiber_t*)cont;
+
+            if (!FIBER_TERMINATED_P(fiber)) {
+                rb_gc_mark_locations(cont->machine.stack,
+                                     cont->machine.stack + cont->machine.stack_size);
             }
-            else {
-		/* fiber */
-		rb_thread_t *th;
-                rb_fiber_t *fib = (rb_fiber_t*)cont;
-		GetThreadPtr(cont->saved_thread.self, th);
-		if ((th->fiber != fib) && fib->status == RUNNING) {
-		    rb_gc_mark_locations(cont->machine.stack,
-					 cont->machine.stack + cont->machine.stack_size);
-		}
-	    }
-	}
-#ifdef __ia64
-	if (cont->machine.register_stack) {
-	    rb_gc_mark_locations(cont->machine.register_stack,
-				 cont->machine.register_stack + cont->machine.register_stack_size);
-	}
-#endif
+        }
     }
+
     RUBY_MARK_LEAVE("cont");
 }
 
+#if 0
+static int
+fiber_is_root_p(const rb_fiber_t *fiber)
+{
+    return fiber == fiber->cont.saved_ec.thread_ptr->root_fiber;
+}
+#endif
+
 static void
 cont_free(void *ptr)
 {
+    rb_context_t *cont = ptr;
+
     RUBY_FREE_ENTER("cont");
-    if (ptr) {
-	rb_context_t *cont = ptr;
-	RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL(cont->saved_thread.stack); fflush(stdout);
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE
-	if (cont->type == CONTINUATION_CONTEXT) {
-	    /* cont */
-	    ruby_xfree(cont->ensure_array);
-	    RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL(cont->machine.stack);
-	}
-	else {
-	    /* fiber */
-	    rb_fiber_t *fib = (rb_fiber_t*)cont;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	    if (GET_THREAD()->fiber != fib && cont->type != ROOT_FIBER_CONTEXT) {
-		/* don't delete root fiber handle */
-		rb_fiber_t *fib = (rb_fiber_t*)cont;
-		if (fib->fib_handle) {
-		    DeleteFiber(fib->fib_handle);
-		}
-	    }
-#else /* not WIN32 */
-	    if (GET_THREAD()->fiber != fib) {
-                rb_fiber_t *fib = (rb_fiber_t*)cont;
-                if (fib->ss_sp) {
-                    if (cont->type == ROOT_FIBER_CONTEXT) {
-			rb_bug("Illegal root fiber parameter");
-                    }
-		    munmap((void*)fib->ss_sp, fib->ss_size);
-		}
-	    }
-            else {
-		/* It may reached here when finalize */
-		/* TODO examine whether it is a bug */
-                /* rb_bug("cont_free: release self"); */
-            }
-#endif
-	}
-#else /* not FIBER_USE_NATIVE */
-	ruby_xfree(cont->ensure_array);
-	RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL(cont->machine.stack);
-#endif
-#ifdef __ia64
-	RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL(cont->machine.register_stack);
-#endif
-	RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL(cont->vm_stack);
 
-	/* free rb_cont_t or rb_fiber_t */
-	ruby_xfree(ptr);
+    if (cont->type == CONTINUATION_CONTEXT) {
+        ruby_xfree(cont->saved_ec.vm_stack);
+        ruby_xfree(cont->ensure_array);
+        RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL(cont->machine.stack);
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_fiber_t *fiber = (rb_fiber_t*)cont;
+        coroutine_destroy(&fiber->context);
+        fiber_stack_release(fiber);
+    }
+
+    RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL(cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr);
+
+    if (mjit_enabled) {
+        VM_ASSERT(cont->mjit_cont != NULL);
+        mjit_cont_free(cont->mjit_cont);
     }
+    /* free rb_cont_t or rb_fiber_t */
+    ruby_xfree(ptr);
     RUBY_FREE_LEAVE("cont");
 }
 
@@ -281,77 +958,101 @@ cont_memsize(const void *ptr)
 {
     const rb_context_t *cont = ptr;
     size_t size = 0;
-    if (cont) {
-	size = sizeof(*cont);
-	if (cont->vm_stack) {
+
+    size = sizeof(*cont);
+    if (cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr) {
 #ifdef CAPTURE_JUST_VALID_VM_STACK
-	    size_t n = (cont->vm_stack_slen + cont->vm_stack_clen);
+        size_t n = (cont->saved_vm_stack.slen + cont->saved_vm_stack.clen);
 #else
-	    size_t n = cont->saved_thread.stack_size;
-#endif
-	    size += n * sizeof(*cont->vm_stack);
-	}
-
-	if (cont->machine.stack) {
-	    size += cont->machine.stack_size * sizeof(*cont->machine.stack);
-	}
-#ifdef __ia64
-	if (cont->machine.register_stack) {
-	    size += cont->machine.register_stack_size * sizeof(*cont->machine.register_stack);
-	}
+        size_t n = cont->saved_ec.vm_stack_size;
 #endif
+        size += n * sizeof(*cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr);
     }
+
+    if (cont->machine.stack) {
+        size += cont->machine.stack_size * sizeof(*cont->machine.stack);
+    }
+
     return size;
 }
 
 void
-rb_fiber_mark_self(rb_fiber_t *fib)
+rb_fiber_update_self(rb_fiber_t *fiber)
 {
-    if (fib)
-	rb_gc_mark(fib->cont.self);
+    if (fiber->cont.self) {
+        fiber->cont.self = rb_gc_location(fiber->cont.self);
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_execution_context_update(&fiber->cont.saved_ec);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+rb_fiber_mark_self(const rb_fiber_t *fiber)
+{
+    if (fiber->cont.self) {
+        rb_gc_mark_movable(fiber->cont.self);
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_execution_context_mark(&fiber->cont.saved_ec);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+fiber_compact(void *ptr)
+{
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = ptr;
+    fiber->first_proc = rb_gc_location(fiber->first_proc);
+
+    if (fiber->prev) rb_fiber_update_self(fiber->prev);
+
+    cont_compact(&fiber->cont);
+    fiber_verify(fiber);
 }
 
 static void
 fiber_mark(void *ptr)
 {
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = ptr;
     RUBY_MARK_ENTER("cont");
-    if (ptr) {
-	rb_fiber_t *fib = ptr;
-	rb_fiber_mark_self(fib->prev);
-	cont_mark(&fib->cont);
-    }
+    fiber_verify(fiber);
+    rb_gc_mark_movable(fiber->first_proc);
+    if (fiber->prev) rb_fiber_mark_self(fiber->prev);
+    cont_mark(&fiber->cont);
     RUBY_MARK_LEAVE("cont");
 }
 
 static void
 fiber_free(void *ptr)
 {
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = ptr;
     RUBY_FREE_ENTER("fiber");
-    if (ptr) {
-	rb_fiber_t *fib = ptr;
-	if (fib->cont.type != ROOT_FIBER_CONTEXT &&
-	    fib->cont.saved_thread.local_storage) {
-	    st_free_table(fib->cont.saved_thread.local_storage);
-	}
 
-	cont_free(&fib->cont);
+    //if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_free: %p[%p]\n", fiber, fiber->stack.base);
+
+    if (fiber->cont.saved_ec.local_storage) {
+        rb_id_table_free(fiber->cont.saved_ec.local_storage);
     }
+
+    cont_free(&fiber->cont);
     RUBY_FREE_LEAVE("fiber");
 }
 
 static size_t
 fiber_memsize(const void *ptr)
 {
-    const rb_fiber_t *fib = ptr;
-    size_t size = 0;
-    if (ptr) {
-	size = sizeof(*fib);
-	if (fib->cont.type != ROOT_FIBER_CONTEXT &&
-	    fib->cont.saved_thread.local_storage != NULL) {
-	    size += st_memsize(fib->cont.saved_thread.local_storage);
-	}
-	size += cont_memsize(&fib->cont);
+    const rb_fiber_t *fiber = ptr;
+    size_t size = sizeof(*fiber);
+    const rb_execution_context_t *saved_ec = &fiber->cont.saved_ec;
+    const rb_thread_t *th = rb_ec_thread_ptr(saved_ec);
+
+    /*
+     * vm.c::thread_memsize already counts th->ec->local_storage
+     */
+    if (saved_ec->local_storage && fiber != th->root_fiber) {
+        size += rb_id_table_memsize(saved_ec->local_storage);
     }
+    size += cont_memsize(&fiber->cont);
     return size;
 }
 
@@ -359,10 +1060,10 @@ VALUE
 rb_obj_is_fiber(VALUE obj)
 {
     if (rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(obj, &fiber_data_type)) {
-	return Qtrue;
+        return Qtrue;
     }
     else {
-	return Qfalse;
+        return Qfalse;
     }
 }
 
@@ -371,83 +1072,56 @@ cont_save_machine_stack(rb_thread_t *th, rb_context_t *cont)
 {
     size_t size;
 
-    SET_MACHINE_STACK_END(&th->machine.stack_end);
-#ifdef __ia64
-    th->machine.register_stack_end = rb_ia64_bsp();
-#endif
+    SET_MACHINE_STACK_END(&th->ec->machine.stack_end);
 
-    if (th->machine.stack_start > th->machine.stack_end) {
-	size = cont->machine.stack_size = th->machine.stack_start - th->machine.stack_end;
-	cont->machine.stack_src = th->machine.stack_end;
+    if (th->ec->machine.stack_start > th->ec->machine.stack_end) {
+        size = cont->machine.stack_size = th->ec->machine.stack_start - th->ec->machine.stack_end;
+        cont->machine.stack_src = th->ec->machine.stack_end;
     }
     else {
-	size = cont->machine.stack_size = th->machine.stack_end - th->machine.stack_start;
-	cont->machine.stack_src = th->machine.stack_start;
+        size = cont->machine.stack_size = th->ec->machine.stack_end - th->ec->machine.stack_start;
+        cont->machine.stack_src = th->ec->machine.stack_start;
     }
 
     if (cont->machine.stack) {
-	REALLOC_N(cont->machine.stack, VALUE, size);
+        REALLOC_N(cont->machine.stack, VALUE, size);
     }
     else {
-	cont->machine.stack = ALLOC_N(VALUE, size);
+        cont->machine.stack = ALLOC_N(VALUE, size);
     }
 
     FLUSH_REGISTER_WINDOWS;
     MEMCPY(cont->machine.stack, cont->machine.stack_src, VALUE, size);
-
-#ifdef __ia64
-    rb_ia64_flushrs();
-    size = cont->machine.register_stack_size = th->machine.register_stack_end - th->machine.register_stack_start;
-    cont->machine.register_stack_src = th->machine.register_stack_start;
-    if (cont->machine.register_stack) {
-	REALLOC_N(cont->machine.register_stack, VALUE, size);
-    }
-    else {
-	cont->machine.register_stack = ALLOC_N(VALUE, size);
-    }
-
-    MEMCPY(cont->machine.register_stack, cont->machine.register_stack_src, VALUE, size);
-#endif
 }
 
 static const rb_data_type_t cont_data_type = {
     "continuation",
-    {cont_mark, cont_free, cont_memsize,},
+    {cont_mark, cont_free, cont_memsize, cont_compact},
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
 };
 
 static inline void
 cont_save_thread(rb_context_t *cont, rb_thread_t *th)
 {
-    rb_thread_t *sth = &cont->saved_thread;
+    rb_execution_context_t *sec = &cont->saved_ec;
+
+    VM_ASSERT(th->status == THREAD_RUNNABLE);
 
     /* save thread context */
-    sth->stack = th->stack;
-    sth->stack_size = th->stack_size;
-    sth->local_storage = th->local_storage;
-    sth->cfp = th->cfp;
-    sth->safe_level = th->safe_level;
-    sth->raised_flag = th->raised_flag;
-    sth->state = th->state;
-    sth->status = th->status;
-    sth->tag = th->tag;
-    sth->protect_tag = th->protect_tag;
-    sth->errinfo = th->errinfo;
-    sth->first_proc = th->first_proc;
-    sth->root_lep = th->root_lep;
-    sth->root_svar = th->root_svar;
-    sth->ensure_list = th->ensure_list;
-
-    sth->trace_arg = th->trace_arg;
-
-    /* saved_thread->machine.stack_(start|end) should be NULL */
+    *sec = *th->ec;
+
+    /* saved_ec->machine.stack_end should be NULL */
     /* because it may happen GC afterward */
-    sth->machine.stack_start = 0;
-    sth->machine.stack_end = 0;
-#ifdef __ia64
-    sth->machine.register_stack_start = 0;
-    sth->machine.register_stack_end = 0;
-#endif
+    sec->machine.stack_end = NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+cont_init_mjit_cont(rb_context_t *cont)
+{
+    VM_ASSERT(cont->mjit_cont == NULL);
+    if (mjit_enabled) {
+        cont->mjit_cont = mjit_cont_new(&(cont->saved_ec));
+    }
 }
 
 static void
@@ -455,12 +1129,11 @@ cont_init(rb_context_t *cont, rb_thread_t *th)
 {
     /* save thread context */
     cont_save_thread(cont, th);
-    cont->saved_thread.self = th->self;
-    cont->saved_thread.machine.stack_maxsize = th->machine.stack_maxsize;
-    cont->saved_thread.fiber = th->fiber;
-    cont->saved_thread.local_storage = 0;
-    cont->saved_thread.local_storage_recursive_hash = Qnil;
-    cont->saved_thread.local_storage_recursive_hash_for_trace = Qnil;
+    cont->saved_ec.thread_ptr = th;
+    cont->saved_ec.local_storage = NULL;
+    cont->saved_ec.local_storage_recursive_hash = Qnil;
+    cont->saved_ec.local_storage_recursive_hash_for_trace = Qnil;
+    cont_init_mjit_cont(cont);
 }
 
 static rb_context_t *
@@ -477,270 +1150,221 @@ cont_new(VALUE klass)
     return cont;
 }
 
+VALUE rb_fiberptr_self(struct rb_fiber_struct *fiber)
+{
+    return fiber->cont.self;
+}
+
+unsigned int rb_fiberptr_blocking(struct rb_fiber_struct *fiber)
+{
+    return fiber->blocking;
+}
+
+// This is used for root_fiber because other fibers call cont_init_mjit_cont through cont_new.
+void
+rb_fiber_init_mjit_cont(struct rb_fiber_struct *fiber)
+{
+    cont_init_mjit_cont(&fiber->cont);
+}
+
+#if 0
+void
+show_vm_stack(const rb_execution_context_t *ec)
+{
+    VALUE *p = ec->vm_stack;
+    while (p < ec->cfp->sp) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%3d ", (int)(p - ec->vm_stack));
+        rb_obj_info_dump(*p);
+        p++;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+show_vm_pcs(const rb_control_frame_t *cfp,
+            const rb_control_frame_t *end_of_cfp)
+{
+    int i=0;
+    while (cfp != end_of_cfp) {
+        int pc = 0;
+        if (cfp->iseq) {
+            pc = cfp->pc - cfp->iseq->body->iseq_encoded;
+        }
+        fprintf(stderr, "%2d pc: %d\n", i++, pc);
+        cfp = RUBY_VM_PREVIOUS_CONTROL_FRAME(cfp);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+COMPILER_WARNING_PUSH
+#ifdef __clang__
+COMPILER_WARNING_IGNORED(-Wduplicate-decl-specifier)
+#endif
 static VALUE
 cont_capture(volatile int *volatile stat)
 {
     rb_context_t *volatile cont;
     rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
     volatile VALUE contval;
+    const rb_execution_context_t *ec = th->ec;
 
     THREAD_MUST_BE_RUNNING(th);
-    rb_vm_stack_to_heap(th);
+    rb_vm_stack_to_heap(th->ec);
     cont = cont_new(rb_cContinuation);
     contval = cont->self;
 
 #ifdef CAPTURE_JUST_VALID_VM_STACK
-    cont->vm_stack_slen = th->cfp->sp - th->stack;
-    cont->vm_stack_clen = th->stack + th->stack_size - (VALUE*)th->cfp;
-    cont->vm_stack = ALLOC_N(VALUE, cont->vm_stack_slen + cont->vm_stack_clen);
-    MEMCPY(cont->vm_stack, th->stack, VALUE, cont->vm_stack_slen);
-    MEMCPY(cont->vm_stack + cont->vm_stack_slen, (VALUE*)th->cfp, VALUE, cont->vm_stack_clen);
+    cont->saved_vm_stack.slen = ec->cfp->sp - ec->vm_stack;
+    cont->saved_vm_stack.clen = ec->vm_stack + ec->vm_stack_size - (VALUE*)ec->cfp;
+    cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, cont->saved_vm_stack.slen + cont->saved_vm_stack.clen);
+    MEMCPY(cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr,
+           ec->vm_stack,
+           VALUE, cont->saved_vm_stack.slen);
+    MEMCPY(cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr + cont->saved_vm_stack.slen,
+           (VALUE*)ec->cfp,
+           VALUE,
+           cont->saved_vm_stack.clen);
 #else
-    cont->vm_stack = ALLOC_N(VALUE, th->stack_size);
-    MEMCPY(cont->vm_stack, th->stack, VALUE, th->stack_size);
+    cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, ec->vm_stack_size);
+    MEMCPY(cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr, ec->vm_stack, VALUE, ec->vm_stack_size);
 #endif
-    cont->saved_thread.stack = 0;
-
+    // At this point, `cfp` is valid but `vm_stack` should be cleared:
+    rb_ec_set_vm_stack(&cont->saved_ec, NULL, 0);
+    VM_ASSERT(cont->saved_ec.cfp != NULL);
     cont_save_machine_stack(th, cont);
 
     /* backup ensure_list to array for search in another context */
     {
-	rb_ensure_list_t *p;
-	int size = 0;
-	rb_ensure_entry_t *entry;
-	for (p=th->ensure_list; p; p=p->next)
-	    size++;
-	entry = cont->ensure_array = ALLOC_N(rb_ensure_entry_t,size+1);
-	for (p=th->ensure_list; p; p=p->next) {
-	    if (!p->entry.marker)
-		p->entry.marker = rb_ary_tmp_new(0); /* dummy object */
-	    *entry++ = p->entry;
-	}
-	entry->marker = 0;
+        rb_ensure_list_t *p;
+        int size = 0;
+        rb_ensure_entry_t *entry;
+        for (p=th->ec->ensure_list; p; p=p->next)
+            size++;
+        entry = cont->ensure_array = ALLOC_N(rb_ensure_entry_t,size+1);
+        for (p=th->ec->ensure_list; p; p=p->next) {
+            if (!p->entry.marker)
+                p->entry.marker = rb_ary_tmp_new(0); /* dummy object */
+            *entry++ = p->entry;
+        }
+        entry->marker = 0;
     }
 
     if (ruby_setjmp(cont->jmpbuf)) {
-	volatile VALUE value;
-
-	VAR_INITIALIZED(cont);
-	value = cont->value;
-	if (cont->argc == -1) rb_exc_raise(value);
-	cont->value = Qnil;
-	*stat = 1;
-	return value;
+        VALUE value;
+
+        VAR_INITIALIZED(cont);
+        value = cont->value;
+        if (cont->argc == -1) rb_exc_raise(value);
+        cont->value = Qnil;
+        *stat = 1;
+        return value;
     }
     else {
-	*stat = 0;
-	return contval;
+        *stat = 0;
+        return contval;
     }
 }
+COMPILER_WARNING_POP
+
+static inline void
+fiber_restore_thread(rb_thread_t *th, rb_fiber_t *fiber)
+{
+    ec_switch(th, fiber);
+    VM_ASSERT(th->ec->fiber_ptr == fiber);
+}
 
 static inline void
 cont_restore_thread(rb_context_t *cont)
 {
-    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD(), *sth = &cont->saved_thread;
+    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
 
     /* restore thread context */
     if (cont->type == CONTINUATION_CONTEXT) {
-	/* continuation */
-	rb_fiber_t *fib;
-
-	th->fiber = sth->fiber;
-	fib = th->fiber ? th->fiber : th->root_fiber;
-
-	if (fib) {
-	    th->stack_size = fib->cont.saved_thread.stack_size;
-	    th->stack = fib->cont.saved_thread.stack;
-	}
+        /* continuation */
+        rb_execution_context_t *sec = &cont->saved_ec;
+        rb_fiber_t *fiber = NULL;
+
+        if (sec->fiber_ptr != NULL) {
+            fiber = sec->fiber_ptr;
+        }
+        else if (th->root_fiber) {
+            fiber = th->root_fiber;
+        }
+
+        if (fiber && th->ec != &fiber->cont.saved_ec) {
+            ec_switch(th, fiber);
+        }
+
+        if (th->ec->trace_arg != sec->trace_arg) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "can't call across trace_func");
+        }
+
+        /* copy vm stack */
 #ifdef CAPTURE_JUST_VALID_VM_STACK
-	MEMCPY(th->stack, cont->vm_stack, VALUE, cont->vm_stack_slen);
-	MEMCPY(th->stack + sth->stack_size - cont->vm_stack_clen,
-	       cont->vm_stack + cont->vm_stack_slen, VALUE, cont->vm_stack_clen);
-#else
-	MEMCPY(th->stack, cont->vm_stack, VALUE, sth->stack_size);
-#endif
-    }
-    else {
-	/* fiber */
-	th->stack = sth->stack;
-	th->stack_size = sth->stack_size;
-	th->local_storage = sth->local_storage;
-	th->local_storage_recursive_hash = sth->local_storage_recursive_hash;
-	th->local_storage_recursive_hash_for_trace = sth->local_storage_recursive_hash_for_trace;
-	th->fiber = (rb_fiber_t*)cont;
-    }
-
-    th->cfp = sth->cfp;
-    th->safe_level = sth->safe_level;
-    th->raised_flag = sth->raised_flag;
-    th->state = sth->state;
-    th->status = sth->status;
-    th->tag = sth->tag;
-    th->protect_tag = sth->protect_tag;
-    th->errinfo = sth->errinfo;
-    th->first_proc = sth->first_proc;
-    th->root_lep = sth->root_lep;
-    th->root_svar = sth->root_svar;
-    th->ensure_list = sth->ensure_list;
-
-}
-
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE
-#ifdef _WIN32
-static void
-fiber_set_stack_location(void)
-{
-    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
-    VALUE *ptr;
-
-    SET_MACHINE_STACK_END(&ptr);
-    th->machine.stack_start = (void*)(((VALUE)ptr & RB_PAGE_MASK) + STACK_UPPER((void *)&ptr, 0, RB_PAGE_SIZE));
-}
-
-static VOID CALLBACK
-fiber_entry(void *arg)
-{
-    fiber_set_stack_location();
-    rb_fiber_start();
-}
-#else /* _WIN32 */
-
-/*
- * FreeBSD require a first (i.e. addr) argument of mmap(2) is not NULL
- * if MAP_STACK is passed.
- * http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=158755
- */
-#if defined(MAP_STACK) && !defined(__FreeBSD__) && !defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
-#define FIBER_STACK_FLAGS (MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON | MAP_STACK)
+        MEMCPY(th->ec->vm_stack,
+               cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr,
+               VALUE, cont->saved_vm_stack.slen);
+        MEMCPY(th->ec->vm_stack + th->ec->vm_stack_size - cont->saved_vm_stack.clen,
+               cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr + cont->saved_vm_stack.slen,
+               VALUE, cont->saved_vm_stack.clen);
 #else
-#define FIBER_STACK_FLAGS (MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON)
+        MEMCPY(th->ec->vm_stack, cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr, VALUE, sec->vm_stack_size);
 #endif
-
-static char*
-fiber_machine_stack_alloc(size_t size)
-{
-    char *ptr;
-
-    if (machine_stack_cache_index > 0) {
-	if (machine_stack_cache[machine_stack_cache_index - 1].size == (size / sizeof(VALUE))) {
-	    ptr = machine_stack_cache[machine_stack_cache_index - 1].ptr;
-	    machine_stack_cache_index--;
-	    machine_stack_cache[machine_stack_cache_index].ptr = NULL;
-	    machine_stack_cache[machine_stack_cache_index].size = 0;
-	}
-	else{
-            /* TODO handle multiple machine stack size */
-	    rb_bug("machine_stack_cache size is not canonicalized");
-	}
+        /* other members of ec */
+
+        th->ec->cfp = sec->cfp;
+        th->ec->raised_flag = sec->raised_flag;
+        th->ec->tag = sec->tag;
+        th->ec->protect_tag = sec->protect_tag;
+        th->ec->root_lep = sec->root_lep;
+        th->ec->root_svar = sec->root_svar;
+        th->ec->ensure_list = sec->ensure_list;
+        th->ec->errinfo = sec->errinfo;
+
+        VM_ASSERT(th->ec->vm_stack != NULL);
     }
     else {
-	void *page;
-	STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
-
-	errno = 0;
-	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, FIBER_STACK_FLAGS, -1, 0);
-	if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "can't alloc machine stack to fiber: %s", strerror(errno));
-	}
-
-	/* guard page setup */
-	page = ptr + STACK_DIR_UPPER(size - RB_PAGE_SIZE, 0);
-	if (mprotect(page, RB_PAGE_SIZE, PROT_NONE) < 0) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "mprotect failed");
-	}
+        /* fiber */
+        fiber_restore_thread(th, (rb_fiber_t*)cont);
     }
-
-    return ptr;
 }
-#endif
 
-static void
-fiber_initialize_machine_stack_context(rb_fiber_t *fib, size_t size)
-{
-    rb_thread_t *sth = &fib->cont.saved_thread;
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    fib->fib_handle = CreateFiberEx(size - 1, size, 0, fiber_entry, NULL);
-    if (!fib->fib_handle) {
-	/* try to release unnecessary fibers & retry to create */
-	rb_gc();
-	fib->fib_handle = CreateFiberEx(size - 1, size, 0, fiber_entry, NULL);
-	if (!fib->fib_handle) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "can't create fiber");
-	}
-    }
-    sth->machine.stack_maxsize = size;
-#else /* not WIN32 */
-    ucontext_t *context = &fib->context;
-    char *ptr;
-    STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
-
-    getcontext(context);
-    ptr = fiber_machine_stack_alloc(size);
-    context->uc_link = NULL;
-    context->uc_stack.ss_sp = ptr;
-    context->uc_stack.ss_size = size;
-    fib->ss_sp = ptr;
-    fib->ss_size = size;
-    makecontext(context, rb_fiber_start, 0);
-    sth->machine.stack_start = (VALUE*)(ptr + STACK_DIR_UPPER(0, size));
-    sth->machine.stack_maxsize = size - RB_PAGE_SIZE;
-#endif
-#ifdef __ia64
-    sth->machine.register_stack_maxsize = sth->machine.stack_maxsize;
-#endif
-}
-
-NOINLINE(static void fiber_setcontext(rb_fiber_t *newfib, rb_fiber_t *oldfib));
+NOINLINE(static void fiber_setcontext(rb_fiber_t *new_fiber, rb_fiber_t *old_fiber));
 
 static void
-fiber_setcontext(rb_fiber_t *newfib, rb_fiber_t *oldfib)
+fiber_setcontext(rb_fiber_t *new_fiber, rb_fiber_t *old_fiber)
 {
-    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD(), *sth = &newfib->cont.saved_thread;
+    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
 
-    if (newfib->status != RUNNING) {
-	fiber_initialize_machine_stack_context(newfib, th->vm->default_params.fiber_machine_stack_size);
+    /* save old_fiber's machine stack - to ensure efficient garbage collection */
+    if (!FIBER_TERMINATED_P(old_fiber)) {
+        STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
+        SET_MACHINE_STACK_END(&th->ec->machine.stack_end);
+        if (STACK_DIR_UPPER(0, 1)) {
+            old_fiber->cont.machine.stack_size = th->ec->machine.stack_start - th->ec->machine.stack_end;
+            old_fiber->cont.machine.stack = th->ec->machine.stack_end;
+        }
+        else {
+            old_fiber->cont.machine.stack_size = th->ec->machine.stack_end - th->ec->machine.stack_start;
+            old_fiber->cont.machine.stack = th->ec->machine.stack_start;
+        }
     }
 
+    /* exchange machine_stack_start between old_fiber and new_fiber */
+    old_fiber->cont.saved_ec.machine.stack_start = th->ec->machine.stack_start;
+
+    /* old_fiber->machine.stack_end should be NULL */
+    old_fiber->cont.saved_ec.machine.stack_end = NULL;
+
     /* restore thread context */
-    cont_restore_thread(&newfib->cont);
-    th->machine.stack_maxsize = sth->machine.stack_maxsize;
-    if (sth->machine.stack_end && (newfib != oldfib)) {
-	rb_bug("fiber_setcontext: sth->machine.stack_end has non zero value");
-    }
-
-    /* save  oldfib's machine stack */
-    if (oldfib->status != TERMINATED) {
-	STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
-	SET_MACHINE_STACK_END(&th->machine.stack_end);
-	if (STACK_DIR_UPPER(0, 1)) {
-	    oldfib->cont.machine.stack_size = th->machine.stack_start - th->machine.stack_end;
-	    oldfib->cont.machine.stack = th->machine.stack_end;
-	}
-	else {
-	    oldfib->cont.machine.stack_size = th->machine.stack_end - th->machine.stack_start;
-	    oldfib->cont.machine.stack = th->machine.stack_start;
-	}
-    }
-    /* exchange machine_stack_start between oldfib and newfib */
-    oldfib->cont.saved_thread.machine.stack_start = th->machine.stack_start;
-    th->machine.stack_start = sth->machine.stack_start;
-    /* oldfib->machine.stack_end should be NULL */
-    oldfib->cont.saved_thread.machine.stack_end = 0;
-#ifndef _WIN32
-    if (!newfib->context.uc_stack.ss_sp && th->root_fiber != newfib) {
-	rb_bug("non_root_fiber->context.uc_stac.ss_sp should not be NULL");
-    }
-#endif
+    fiber_restore_thread(th, new_fiber);
+
+    // if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_setcontext: %p[%p] -> %p[%p]\n", old_fiber, old_fiber->stack.base, new_fiber, new_fiber->stack.base);
 
     /* swap machine context */
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    SwitchToFiber(newfib->fib_handle);
-#else
-    swapcontext(&oldfib->context, &newfib->context);
-#endif
+    coroutine_transfer(&old_fiber->context, &new_fiber->context);
+
+    // It's possible to get here, and new_fiber is already freed.
+    // if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_setcontext: %p[%p] <- %p[%p]\n", old_fiber, old_fiber->stack.base, new_fiber, new_fiber->stack.base);
 }
-#endif
 
 NOINLINE(NORETURN(static void cont_restore_1(rb_context_t *)));
 
@@ -752,66 +1376,24 @@ cont_restore_1(rb_context_t *cont)
     /* restore machine stack */
 #ifdef _M_AMD64
     {
-	/* workaround for x64 SEH */
-	jmp_buf buf;
-	setjmp(buf);
-	((_JUMP_BUFFER*)(&cont->jmpbuf))->Frame =
-	    ((_JUMP_BUFFER*)(&buf))->Frame;
+        /* workaround for x64 SEH */
+        jmp_buf buf;
+        setjmp(buf);
+        _JUMP_BUFFER *bp = (void*)&cont->jmpbuf;
+        bp->Frame = ((_JUMP_BUFFER*)((void*)&buf))->Frame;
     }
 #endif
     if (cont->machine.stack_src) {
-	FLUSH_REGISTER_WINDOWS;
-	MEMCPY(cont->machine.stack_src, cont->machine.stack,
-		VALUE, cont->machine.stack_size);
-    }
-
-#ifdef __ia64
-    if (cont->machine.register_stack_src) {
-	MEMCPY(cont->machine.register_stack_src, cont->machine.register_stack,
-	       VALUE, cont->machine.register_stack_size);
+        FLUSH_REGISTER_WINDOWS;
+        MEMCPY(cont->machine.stack_src, cont->machine.stack,
+               VALUE, cont->machine.stack_size);
     }
-#endif
 
     ruby_longjmp(cont->jmpbuf, 1);
 }
 
 NORETURN(NOINLINE(static void cont_restore_0(rb_context_t *, VALUE *)));
 
-#ifdef __ia64
-#define C(a) rse_##a##0, rse_##a##1, rse_##a##2, rse_##a##3, rse_##a##4
-#define E(a) rse_##a##0= rse_##a##1= rse_##a##2= rse_##a##3= rse_##a##4
-static volatile int C(a), C(b), C(c), C(d), C(e);
-static volatile int C(f), C(g), C(h), C(i), C(j);
-static volatile int C(k), C(l), C(m), C(n), C(o);
-static volatile int C(p), C(q), C(r), C(s), C(t);
-#if 0
-{/* the above lines make cc-mode.el confused so much */}
-#endif
-int rb_dummy_false = 0;
-NORETURN(NOINLINE(static void register_stack_extend(rb_context_t *, VALUE *, VALUE *)));
-static void
-register_stack_extend(rb_context_t *cont, VALUE *vp, VALUE *curr_bsp)
-{
-    if (rb_dummy_false) {
-        /* use registers as much as possible */
-        E(a) = E(b) = E(c) = E(d) = E(e) =
-        E(f) = E(g) = E(h) = E(i) = E(j) =
-        E(k) = E(l) = E(m) = E(n) = E(o) =
-        E(p) = E(q) = E(r) = E(s) = E(t) = 0;
-        E(a) = E(b) = E(c) = E(d) = E(e) =
-        E(f) = E(g) = E(h) = E(i) = E(j) =
-        E(k) = E(l) = E(m) = E(n) = E(o) =
-        E(p) = E(q) = E(r) = E(s) = E(t) = 0;
-    }
-    if (curr_bsp < cont->machine.register_stack_src+cont->machine.register_stack_size) {
-        register_stack_extend(cont, vp, (VALUE*)rb_ia64_bsp());
-    }
-    cont_restore_0(cont, vp);
-}
-#undef C
-#undef E
-#endif
-
 static void
 cont_restore_0(rb_context_t *cont, VALUE *addr_in_prev_frame)
 {
@@ -821,48 +1403,45 @@ cont_restore_0(rb_context_t *cont, VALUE *addr_in_prev_frame)
 #else
 #define STACK_PAD_SIZE 1024
 #endif
-	VALUE space[STACK_PAD_SIZE];
+        VALUE space[STACK_PAD_SIZE];
 
 #if !STACK_GROW_DIRECTION
-	if (addr_in_prev_frame > &space[0]) {
-	    /* Stack grows downward */
+        if (addr_in_prev_frame > &space[0]) {
+            /* Stack grows downward */
 #endif
 #if STACK_GROW_DIRECTION <= 0
-	    volatile VALUE *const end = cont->machine.stack_src;
-	    if (&space[0] > end) {
+            volatile VALUE *const end = cont->machine.stack_src;
+            if (&space[0] > end) {
 # ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA
-		volatile VALUE *sp = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, &space[0] - end);
-		space[0] = *sp;
+                volatile VALUE *sp = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, &space[0] - end);
+                space[0] = *sp;
 # else
-		cont_restore_0(cont, &space[0]);
+                cont_restore_0(cont, &space[0]);
 # endif
-	    }
+            }
 #endif
 #if !STACK_GROW_DIRECTION
-	}
-	else {
-	    /* Stack grows upward */
+        }
+        else {
+            /* Stack grows upward */
 #endif
 #if STACK_GROW_DIRECTION >= 0
-	    volatile VALUE *const end = cont->machine.stack_src + cont->machine.stack_size;
-	    if (&space[STACK_PAD_SIZE] < end) {
+            volatile VALUE *const end = cont->machine.stack_src + cont->machine.stack_size;
+            if (&space[STACK_PAD_SIZE] < end) {
 # ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA
-		volatile VALUE *sp = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, end - &space[STACK_PAD_SIZE]);
-		space[0] = *sp;
+                volatile VALUE *sp = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, end - &space[STACK_PAD_SIZE]);
+                space[0] = *sp;
 # else
-		cont_restore_0(cont, &space[STACK_PAD_SIZE-1]);
+                cont_restore_0(cont, &space[STACK_PAD_SIZE-1]);
 # endif
-	    }
+            }
 #endif
 #if !STACK_GROW_DIRECTION
-	}
+        }
 #endif
     }
     cont_restore_1(cont);
 }
-#ifdef __ia64
-#define cont_restore_0(cont, vp) register_stack_extend((cont), (vp), (VALUE*)rb_ia64_bsp())
-#endif
 
 /*
  *  Document-class: Continuation
@@ -870,7 +1449,7 @@ cont_restore_0(rb_context_t *cont, VALUE *addr_in_prev_frame)
  *  Continuation objects are generated by Kernel#callcc,
  *  after having +require+d <i>continuation</i>. They hold
  *  a return address and execution context, allowing a nonlocal return
- *  to the end of the <code>callcc</code> block from anywhere within a
+ *  to the end of the #callcc block from anywhere within a
  *  program. Continuations are somewhat analogous to a structured
  *  version of C's <code>setjmp/longjmp</code> (although they contain
  *  more state, so you might consider them closer to threads).
@@ -890,13 +1469,31 @@ cont_restore_0(rb_context_t *cont, VALUE *addr_in_prev_frame)
  *     Ron
  *     Max
  *
+ *  Also you can call callcc in other methods:
+ *
+ *     require "continuation"
+ *
+ *     def g
+ *       arr = [ "Freddie", "Herbie", "Ron", "Max", "Ringo" ]
+ *       cc = callcc { |cc| cc }
+ *       puts arr.shift
+ *       return cc, arr.size
+ *     end
+ *
+ *     def f
+ *       c, size = g
+ *       c.call(c) if size > 1
+ *     end
+ *
+ *     f
+ *
  *  This (somewhat contrived) example allows the inner loop to abandon
  *  processing early:
  *
  *     require "continuation"
  *     callcc {|cont|
  *       for i in 0..4
- *         print "\n#{i}: "
+ *         print "#{i}: "
  *         for j in i*5...(i+1)*5
  *           cont.call() if j == 17
  *           printf "%3d", j
@@ -936,10 +1533,10 @@ rb_callcc(VALUE self)
     volatile VALUE val = cont_capture(&called);
 
     if (called) {
-	return val;
+        return val;
     }
     else {
-	return rb_yield(val);
+        return rb_yield(val);
     }
 }
 
@@ -947,35 +1544,39 @@ static VALUE
 make_passing_arg(int argc, const VALUE *argv)
 {
     switch (argc) {
+      case -1:
+        return argv[0];
       case 0:
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
       case 1:
-	return argv[0];
+        return argv[0];
       default:
-	return rb_ary_new4(argc, argv);
+        return rb_ary_new4(argc, argv);
     }
 }
 
+typedef VALUE e_proc(VALUE);
+
 /* CAUTION!! : Currently, error in rollback_func is not supported  */
 /* same as rb_protect if set rollback_func to NULL */
 void
-ruby_register_rollback_func_for_ensure(VALUE (*ensure_func)(ANYARGS), VALUE (*rollback_func)(ANYARGS))
+ruby_register_rollback_func_for_ensure(e_proc *ensure_func, e_proc *rollback_func)
 {
     st_table **table_p = &GET_VM()->ensure_rollback_table;
     if (UNLIKELY(*table_p == NULL)) {
-	*table_p = st_init_numtable();
+        *table_p = st_init_numtable();
     }
     st_insert(*table_p, (st_data_t)ensure_func, (st_data_t)rollback_func);
 }
 
-static inline VALUE
-lookup_rollback_func(VALUE (*ensure_func)(ANYARGS))
+static inline e_proc *
+lookup_rollback_func(e_proc *ensure_func)
 {
     st_table *table = GET_VM()->ensure_rollback_table;
     st_data_t val;
     if (table && st_lookup(table, (st_data_t)ensure_func, &val))
-	return (VALUE) val;
-    return Qundef;
+        return (e_proc *) val;
+    return (e_proc *) Qundef;
 }
 
 
@@ -984,62 +1585,63 @@ rollback_ensure_stack(VALUE self,rb_ensure_list_t *current,rb_ensure_entry_t *ta
 {
     rb_ensure_list_t *p;
     rb_ensure_entry_t *entry;
-    size_t i;
+    size_t i, j;
     size_t cur_size;
     size_t target_size;
     size_t base_point;
-    VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS);
+    e_proc *func;
 
     cur_size = 0;
     for (p=current; p; p=p->next)
-	cur_size++;
+        cur_size++;
     target_size = 0;
     for (entry=target; entry->marker; entry++)
-	target_size++;
+        target_size++;
 
     /* search common stack point */
     p = current;
     base_point = cur_size;
     while (base_point) {
-	if (target_size >= base_point &&
-	    p->entry.marker == target[target_size - base_point].marker)
-	    break;
-	base_point --;
-	p = p->next;
+        if (target_size >= base_point &&
+            p->entry.marker == target[target_size - base_point].marker)
+            break;
+        base_point --;
+        p = p->next;
     }
 
     /* rollback function check */
     for (i=0; i < target_size - base_point; i++) {
-	if (!lookup_rollback_func(target[i].e_proc)) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "continuation called from out of critical rb_ensure scope");
-	}
+        if (!lookup_rollback_func(target[i].e_proc)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "continuation called from out of critical rb_ensure scope");
+        }
     }
     /* pop ensure stack */
     while (cur_size > base_point) {
-	/* escape from ensure block */
-	(*current->entry.e_proc)(current->entry.data2);
-	current = current->next;
-	cur_size--;
+        /* escape from ensure block */
+        (*current->entry.e_proc)(current->entry.data2);
+        current = current->next;
+        cur_size--;
     }
     /* push ensure stack */
-    while (i--) {
-	func = (VALUE (*)(ANYARGS)) lookup_rollback_func(target[i].e_proc);
-	if ((VALUE)func != Qundef) {
-	    (*func)(target[i].data2);
-	}
+    for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+        func = lookup_rollback_func(target[i - j - 1].e_proc);
+        if ((VALUE)func != Qundef) {
+            (*func)(target[i - j - 1].data2);
+        }
     }
 }
 
+NORETURN(static VALUE rb_cont_call(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE contval));
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     cont.call(args, ...)
  *     cont[args, ...]
  *
- *  Invokes the continuation. The program continues from the end of the
- *  <code>callcc</code> block. If no arguments are given, the original
- *  <code>callcc</code> returns <code>nil</code>. If one argument is
- *  given, <code>callcc</code> returns it. Otherwise, an array
- *  containing <i>args</i> is returned.
+ *  Invokes the continuation. The program continues from the end of
+ *  the #callcc block. If no arguments are given, the original #callcc
+ *  returns +nil+. If one argument is given, #callcc returns
+ *  it. Otherwise, an array containing <i>args</i> is returned.
  *
  *     callcc {|cont|  cont.call }           #=> nil
  *     callcc {|cont|  cont.call 1 }         #=> 1
@@ -1049,31 +1651,27 @@ rollback_ensure_stack(VALUE self,rb_ensure_list_t *current,rb_ensure_entry_t *ta
 static VALUE
 rb_cont_call(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE contval)
 {
-    rb_context_t *cont;
+    rb_context_t *cont = cont_ptr(contval);
     rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
-    GetContPtr(contval, cont);
 
-    if (cont->saved_thread.self != th->self) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "continuation called across threads");
+    if (cont_thread_value(cont) != th->self) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "continuation called across threads");
     }
-    if (cont->saved_thread.protect_tag != th->protect_tag) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "continuation called across stack rewinding barrier");
+    if (cont->saved_ec.protect_tag != th->ec->protect_tag) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "continuation called across stack rewinding barrier");
     }
-    if (cont->saved_thread.fiber) {
-	if (th->fiber != cont->saved_thread.fiber) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "continuation called across fiber");
-	}
+    if (cont->saved_ec.fiber_ptr) {
+        if (th->ec->fiber_ptr != cont->saved_ec.fiber_ptr) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "continuation called across fiber");
+        }
     }
-    rollback_ensure_stack(contval, th->ensure_list, cont->ensure_array);
+    rollback_ensure_stack(contval, th->ec->ensure_list, cont->ensure_array);
 
     cont->argc = argc;
     cont->value = make_passing_arg(argc, argv);
 
-    /* restore `tracing' context. see [Feature #4347] */
-    th->trace_arg = cont->saved_thread.trace_arg;
-
     cont_restore_0(cont, &contval);
-    return Qnil; /* unreachable */
+    UNREACHABLE_RETURN(Qnil);
 }
 
 /*********/
@@ -1090,14 +1688,15 @@ rb_cont_call(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE contval)
  *  the programmer and not the VM.
  *
  *  As opposed to other stackless light weight concurrency models, each fiber
- *  comes with a small 4KB stack. This enables the fiber to be paused from deeply
- *  nested function calls within the fiber block.
+ *  comes with a stack.  This enables the fiber to be paused from deeply
+ *  nested function calls within the fiber block.  See the ruby(1)
+ *  manpage to configure the size of the fiber stack(s).
  *
  *  When a fiber is created it will not run automatically. Rather it must
- *  be explicitly asked to run using the <code>Fiber#resume</code> method.
+ *  be explicitly asked to run using the Fiber#resume method.
  *  The code running inside the fiber can give up control by calling
- *  <code>Fiber.yield</code> in which case it yields control back to caller
- *  (the caller of the <code>Fiber#resume</code>).
+ *  Fiber.yield in which case it yields control back to caller (the
+ *  caller of the Fiber#resume).
  *
  *  Upon yielding or termination the Fiber returns the value of the last
  *  executed expression
@@ -1119,10 +1718,10 @@ rb_cont_call(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE contval)
  *    2
  *    FiberError: dead fiber called
  *
- *  The <code>Fiber#resume</code> method accepts an arbitrary number of
- *  parameters, if it is the first call to <code>resume</code> then they
- *  will be passed as block arguments. Otherwise they will be the return
- *  value of the call to <code>Fiber.yield</code>
+ *  The Fiber#resume method accepts an arbitrary number of parameters,
+ *  if it is the first call to #resume then they will be passed as
+ *  block arguments. Otherwise they will be the return value of the
+ *  call to Fiber.yield
  *
  *  Example:
  *
@@ -1131,20 +1730,42 @@ rb_cont_call(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE contval)
  *    end
  *
  *    puts fiber.resume 10
- *    puts fiber.resume 14
- *    puts fiber.resume 18
+ *    puts fiber.resume 1_000_000
+ *    puts fiber.resume "The fiber will be dead before I can cause trouble"
  *
  *  <em>produces</em>
  *
  *    12
- *    14
+ *    1000000
  *    FiberError: dead fiber called
  *
+ *  == Non-blocking Fibers
+ *
+ *  Since Ruby 3.0, the concept of <em>non-blocking fiber</em> was introduced.
+ *  Non-blocking fiber, when reaching any potentially blocking operation (like
+ *  sleep, wait for another process, wait for I/O data to be ready), instead
+ *  of just freezing itself and all execution in the thread, yields control
+ *  to other fibers, and allows the <em>scheduler</em> to handle waiting and waking
+ *  (resuming) the fiber when it can proceed.
+ *
+ *  For Fiber to behave as non-blocking, it should be created in Fiber.new with
+ *  <tt>blocking: false</tt> (which is the default now), and Fiber.scheduler
+ *  should be set with Fiber.set_scheduler. If Fiber.scheduler is not set in
+ *  the current thread, blocking and non-blocking fiber's behavior is identical.
+ *
+ *  Ruby doesn't provide a scheduler class: it is expected to be implemented by
+ *  the user and correspond to Fiber::SchedulerInterface.
+ *
+ *  There is also Fiber.schedule method, which is expected to immediately perform
+ *  passed block in a non-blocking manner (but its actual implementation is up to
+ *  the scheduler).
+ *
+ *
  */
 
 static const rb_data_type_t fiber_data_type = {
     "fiber",
-    {fiber_mark, fiber_free, fiber_memsize,},
+    {fiber_mark, fiber_free, fiber_memsize, fiber_compact,},
     0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
 };
 
@@ -1155,177 +1776,405 @@ fiber_alloc(VALUE klass)
 }
 
 static rb_fiber_t*
-fiber_t_alloc(VALUE fibval)
+fiber_t_alloc(VALUE fiber_value, unsigned int blocking)
 {
-    rb_fiber_t *fib;
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber;
     rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
 
-    if (DATA_PTR(fibval) != 0) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "cannot initialize twice");
+    if (DATA_PTR(fiber_value) != 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "cannot initialize twice");
     }
 
     THREAD_MUST_BE_RUNNING(th);
-    fib = ZALLOC(rb_fiber_t);
-    fib->cont.self = fibval;
-    fib->cont.type = FIBER_CONTEXT;
-    cont_init(&fib->cont, th);
-    fib->prev = NULL;
-    fib->status = CREATED;
+    fiber = ZALLOC(rb_fiber_t);
+    fiber->cont.self = fiber_value;
+    fiber->cont.type = FIBER_CONTEXT;
+    fiber->blocking = blocking;
+    cont_init(&fiber->cont, th);
+
+    fiber->cont.saved_ec.fiber_ptr = fiber;
+    rb_ec_clear_vm_stack(&fiber->cont.saved_ec);
+
+    fiber->prev = NULL;
+
+    /* fiber->status == 0 == CREATED
+     * So that we don't need to set status: fiber_status_set(fiber, FIBER_CREATED); */
+    VM_ASSERT(FIBER_CREATED_P(fiber));
 
-    DATA_PTR(fibval) = fib;
+    DATA_PTR(fiber_value) = fiber;
 
-    return fib;
+    return fiber;
 }
 
 static VALUE
-fiber_init(VALUE fibval, VALUE proc)
+fiber_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE proc, struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool, unsigned int blocking)
 {
-    rb_fiber_t *fib = fiber_t_alloc(fibval);
-    rb_context_t *cont = &fib->cont;
-    rb_thread_t *th = &cont->saved_thread;
-    rb_thread_t *cth = GET_THREAD();
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = fiber_t_alloc(self, blocking);
 
-    /* initialize cont */
-    cont->vm_stack = 0;
+    fiber->first_proc = proc;
+    fiber->stack.base = NULL;
+    fiber->stack.pool = fiber_pool;
 
-    th->stack = 0;
-    th->stack_size = 0;
+    return self;
+}
 
-    th->stack_size = cth->vm->default_params.fiber_vm_stack_size / sizeof(VALUE);
-    th->stack = ALLOC_N(VALUE, th->stack_size);
+static void
+fiber_prepare_stack(rb_fiber_t *fiber)
+{
+    rb_context_t *cont = &fiber->cont;
+    rb_execution_context_t *sec = &cont->saved_ec;
 
-    th->cfp = (void *)(th->stack + th->stack_size);
-    th->cfp--;
-    th->cfp->pc = 0;
-    th->cfp->sp = th->stack + 1;
-#if VM_DEBUG_BP_CHECK
-    th->cfp->bp_check = 0;
-#endif
-    th->cfp->ep = th->stack;
-    *th->cfp->ep = VM_ENVVAL_BLOCK_PTR(0);
-    th->cfp->self = Qnil;
-    th->cfp->klass = Qnil;
-    th->cfp->flag = 0;
-    th->cfp->iseq = 0;
-    th->cfp->proc = 0;
-    th->cfp->block_iseq = 0;
-    th->cfp->me = 0;
-    th->tag = 0;
-    th->local_storage = st_init_numtable();
-    th->local_storage_recursive_hash = Qnil;
-    th->local_storage_recursive_hash_for_trace = Qnil;
-
-    th->first_proc = proc;
-
-#if !FIBER_USE_NATIVE
-    MEMCPY(&cont->jmpbuf, &cth->root_jmpbuf, rb_jmpbuf_t, 1);
-#endif
+    size_t vm_stack_size = 0;
+    VALUE *vm_stack = fiber_initialize_coroutine(fiber, &vm_stack_size);
+
+    /* initialize cont */
+    cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr = NULL;
+    rb_ec_initialize_vm_stack(sec, vm_stack, vm_stack_size / sizeof(VALUE));
+
+    sec->tag = NULL;
+    sec->local_storage = NULL;
+    sec->local_storage_recursive_hash = Qnil;
+    sec->local_storage_recursive_hash_for_trace = Qnil;
+}
 
-    return fibval;
+static struct fiber_pool *
+rb_fiber_pool_default(VALUE pool)
+{
+    return &shared_fiber_pool;
 }
 
 /* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
-rb_fiber_init(VALUE fibval)
+rb_fiber_initialize_kw(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self, int kw_splat)
 {
-    return fiber_init(fibval, rb_block_proc());
+    VALUE pool = Qnil;
+    VALUE blocking = Qfalse;
+
+    if (kw_splat != RB_NO_KEYWORDS) {
+        VALUE options = Qnil;
+        VALUE arguments[2] = {Qundef};
+
+        argc = rb_scan_args_kw(kw_splat, argc, argv, ":", &options);
+        rb_get_kwargs(options, fiber_initialize_keywords, 0, 2, arguments);
+
+        if (arguments[0] != Qundef) {
+            blocking = arguments[0];
+        }
+
+        if (arguments[1] != Qundef) {
+            pool = arguments[1];
+        }
+    }
+
+    return fiber_initialize(self, rb_block_proc(), rb_fiber_pool_default(pool), RTEST(blocking));
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     Fiber.new(blocking: false) { |*args| ... } -> fiber
+ *
+ *  Creates new Fiber. Initially, fiber is not running, but can be resumed with
+ *  #resume. Arguments to the first #resume call would be passed to the block:
+ *
+ *      f = Fiber.new do |initial|
+ *         current = initial
+ *         loop do
+ *           puts "current: #{current.inspect}"
+ *           current = Fiber.yield
+ *         end
+ *      end
+ *      f.resume(100)     # prints: current: 100
+ *      f.resume(1, 2, 3) # prints: current: [1, 2, 3]
+ *      f.resume          # prints: current: nil
+ *      # ... and so on ...
+ *
+ *  if <tt>blocking: false</tt> is passed to the <tt>Fiber.new</tt>, _and_ current thread
+ *  has Fiber.scheduler defined, the Fiber becomes non-blocking (see "Non-blocking
+ *  fibers" section in class docs).
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    return rb_fiber_initialize_kw(argc, argv, self, rb_keyword_given_p());
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_fiber_new(VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS), VALUE obj)
+rb_fiber_new(rb_block_call_func_t func, VALUE obj)
 {
-    return fiber_init(fiber_alloc(rb_cFiber), rb_proc_new(func, obj));
+    return fiber_initialize(fiber_alloc(rb_cFiber), rb_proc_new(func, obj), rb_fiber_pool_default(Qnil), 1);
 }
 
-static void rb_fiber_terminate(rb_fiber_t *fib);
+static VALUE
+rb_f_fiber_kw(int argc, VALUE* argv, int kw_splat)
+{
+    rb_thread_t * th = GET_THREAD();
+    VALUE scheduler = th->scheduler;
+    VALUE fiber = Qnil;
+
+    if (scheduler != Qnil) {
+        fiber = rb_funcall_passing_block_kw(scheduler, rb_intern("fiber"), argc, argv, kw_splat);
+    } else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "No scheduler is available!");
+    }
+
+    return fiber;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     Fiber.schedule { |*args| ... } -> fiber
+ *
+ *  The method is <em>expected</em> to immediately run the provided block of code in a
+ *  separate non-blocking fiber.
+ *
+ *     puts "Go to sleep!"
+ *
+ *     Fiber.set_scheduler(MyScheduler.new)
+ *
+ *     Fiber.schedule do
+ *       puts "Going to sleep"
+ *       sleep(1)
+ *       puts "I slept well"
+ *     end
+ *
+ *     puts "Wakey-wakey, sleepyhead"
+ *
+ *  Assuming MyScheduler is properly implemented, this program will produce:
+ *
+ *     Go to sleep!
+ *     Going to sleep
+ *     Wakey-wakey, sleepyhead
+ *     ...1 sec pause here...
+ *     I slept well
+ *
+ *  ...e.g. on the first blocking operation inside the Fiber (<tt>sleep(1)</tt>),
+ *  the control is yielded at the outside code (main fiber), and <em>at the end
+ *  of the execution</em>, the scheduler takes care of properly resuming all the
+ *  blocked fibers.
+ *
+ *  Note that the behavior described above is how the method is <em>expected</em>
+ *  to behave, actual behavior is up to the current scheduler's implementation of
+ *  Fiber::SchedulerInterface#fiber method. Ruby doesn't enforce this method to
+ *  behave in any particular way.
+ *
+ *  If the scheduler is not set, the method raises
+ *  <tt>RuntimeError (No scheduler is available!)</tt>.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_f_fiber(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+    return rb_f_fiber_kw(argc, argv, rb_keyword_given_p());
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     Fiber.scheduler -> obj or nil
+ *
+ *  Fiber scheduler, set in the current thread with Fiber.set_scheduler. If the scheduler
+ *  is +nil+ (which is the default), non-blocking fibers behavior is the same as blocking.
+ *  (see "Non-blocking fibers" section in class docs for details about the scheduler concept).
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_scheduler(VALUE klass)
+{
+    return rb_scheduler_get();
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     Fiber.set_scheduler(scheduler) -> scheduler
+ *
+ *  Sets Fiber scheduler for the current thread. If the scheduler is set, non-blocking
+ *  fibers (created by Fiber.new with <tt>blocking: false</tt>, or by Fiber.schedule)
+ *  call that scheduler's hook methods on potentially blocking operations, and the current
+ *  thread will call scheduler's +close+ method on finalization (allowing the scheduler to
+ *  properly manage all non-finished fibers).
+ *
+ *  +scheduler+ can be an object of any class corresponding to Fiber::SchedulerInterface. Its
+ *  implementation is up to the user.
+ *
+ *  See also the "Non-blocking fibers" section in class docs.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_set_scheduler(VALUE klass, VALUE scheduler)
+{
+    // if (rb_scheduler_get() != Qnil) {
+    //     rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "Scheduler is already defined!");
+    // }
+
+    return rb_scheduler_set(scheduler);
+}
+
+NORETURN(static void rb_fiber_terminate(rb_fiber_t *fiber, int need_interrupt));
 
 void
 rb_fiber_start(void)
 {
-    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
-    rb_fiber_t *fib = th->fiber;
+    rb_thread_t * volatile th = GET_THREAD();
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
     rb_proc_t *proc;
-    int state;
+    enum ruby_tag_type state;
+    int need_interrupt = TRUE;
 
-    TH_PUSH_TAG(th);
-    if ((state = EXEC_TAG()) == 0) {
-	rb_context_t *cont = &VAR_FROM_MEMORY(fib)->cont;
-	int argc;
-	const VALUE *argv, args = cont->value;
-	GetProcPtr(cont->saved_thread.first_proc, proc);
-	argv = (argc = cont->argc) > 1 ? RARRAY_CONST_PTR(args) : &args;
-	cont->value = Qnil;
-	th->errinfo = Qnil;
-	th->root_lep = rb_vm_ep_local_ep(proc->block.ep);
-	th->root_svar = Qnil;
+    VM_ASSERT(th->ec == GET_EC());
+    VM_ASSERT(FIBER_RESUMED_P(fiber));
 
-	fib->status = RUNNING;
-	cont->value = rb_vm_invoke_proc(th, proc, argc, argv, 0);
+    if (fiber->blocking) {
+        th->blocking += 1;
     }
-    TH_POP_TAG();
+
+    EC_PUSH_TAG(th->ec);
+    if ((state = EC_EXEC_TAG()) == TAG_NONE) {
+        rb_context_t *cont = &VAR_FROM_MEMORY(fiber)->cont;
+        int argc;
+        const VALUE *argv, args = cont->value;
+        GetProcPtr(fiber->first_proc, proc);
+        argv = (argc = cont->argc) > 1 ? RARRAY_CONST_PTR(args) : &args;
+        cont->value = Qnil;
+        th->ec->errinfo = Qnil;
+        th->ec->root_lep = rb_vm_proc_local_ep(fiber->first_proc);
+        th->ec->root_svar = Qfalse;
+
+        EXEC_EVENT_HOOK(th->ec, RUBY_EVENT_FIBER_SWITCH, th->self, 0, 0, 0, Qnil);
+        cont->value = rb_vm_invoke_proc(th->ec, proc, argc, argv, cont->kw_splat, VM_BLOCK_HANDLER_NONE);
+    }
+    EC_POP_TAG();
 
     if (state) {
-	if (state == TAG_RAISE || state == TAG_FATAL) {
-	    rb_threadptr_pending_interrupt_enque(th, th->errinfo);
-	}
-	else {
-	    VALUE err = rb_vm_make_jump_tag_but_local_jump(state, th->errinfo);
-	    if (!NIL_P(err))
-		rb_threadptr_pending_interrupt_enque(th, err);
-	}
-	RUBY_VM_SET_INTERRUPT(th);
+        VALUE err = th->ec->errinfo;
+        VM_ASSERT(FIBER_RESUMED_P(fiber));
+
+        if (state == TAG_RAISE || state == TAG_FATAL) {
+            rb_threadptr_pending_interrupt_enque(th, err);
+        }
+        else {
+            err = rb_vm_make_jump_tag_but_local_jump(state, err);
+            if (!NIL_P(err)) {
+                rb_threadptr_pending_interrupt_enque(th, err);
+            }
+        }
+        need_interrupt = TRUE;
     }
 
-    rb_fiber_terminate(fib);
-    rb_bug("rb_fiber_start: unreachable");
+    rb_fiber_terminate(fiber, need_interrupt);
+    VM_UNREACHABLE(rb_fiber_start);
 }
 
 static rb_fiber_t *
 root_fiber_alloc(rb_thread_t *th)
 {
-    rb_fiber_t *fib;
-    /* no need to allocate vm stack */
-    fib = fiber_t_alloc(fiber_alloc(rb_cFiber));
-    fib->cont.type = ROOT_FIBER_CONTEXT;
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    fib->fib_handle = ConvertThreadToFiber(0);
-#endif
+    VALUE fiber_value = fiber_alloc(rb_cFiber);
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
+
+    VM_ASSERT(DATA_PTR(fiber_value) == NULL);
+    VM_ASSERT(fiber->cont.type == FIBER_CONTEXT);
+    VM_ASSERT(fiber->status == FIBER_RESUMED);
+
+    th->root_fiber = fiber;
+    DATA_PTR(fiber_value) = fiber;
+    fiber->cont.self = fiber_value;
+
+#ifdef COROUTINE_PRIVATE_STACK
+    fiber->stack = fiber_pool_stack_acquire(&shared_fiber_pool);
+    coroutine_initialize_main(&fiber->context, fiber_pool_stack_base(&fiber->stack), fiber->stack.available, th->ec->machine.stack_start);
+#else
+    coroutine_initialize_main(&fiber->context);
 #endif
-    fib->status = RUNNING;
 
-    return fib;
+    return fiber;
+}
+
+void
+rb_threadptr_root_fiber_setup(rb_thread_t *th)
+{
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = ruby_mimmalloc(sizeof(rb_fiber_t));
+    if (!fiber) {
+        rb_bug("%s", strerror(errno)); /* ... is it possible to call rb_bug here? */
+    }
+    MEMZERO(fiber, rb_fiber_t, 1);
+    fiber->cont.type = FIBER_CONTEXT;
+    fiber->cont.saved_ec.fiber_ptr = fiber;
+    fiber->cont.saved_ec.thread_ptr = th;
+    fiber->blocking = 1;
+    fiber_status_set(fiber, FIBER_RESUMED); /* skip CREATED */
+    th->ec = &fiber->cont.saved_ec;
+    // This skips mjit_cont_new for the initial thread because mjit_enabled is always false
+    // at this point. mjit_init calls rb_fiber_init_mjit_cont again for this root_fiber.
+    rb_fiber_init_mjit_cont(fiber);
+}
+
+void
+rb_threadptr_root_fiber_release(rb_thread_t *th)
+{
+    if (th->root_fiber) {
+        /* ignore. A root fiber object will free th->ec */
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
+
+        VM_ASSERT(th->ec->fiber_ptr->cont.type == FIBER_CONTEXT);
+        VM_ASSERT(th->ec->fiber_ptr->cont.self == 0);
+
+        if (th->ec == ec) {
+            rb_ractor_set_current_ec(th->ractor, NULL);
+        }
+        fiber_free(th->ec->fiber_ptr);
+        th->ec = NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+rb_threadptr_root_fiber_terminate(rb_thread_t *th)
+{
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
+
+    fiber->status = FIBER_TERMINATED;
+
+    // The vm_stack is `alloca`ed on the thread stack, so it's gone too:
+    rb_ec_clear_vm_stack(th->ec);
 }
 
 static inline rb_fiber_t*
 fiber_current(void)
 {
-    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
-    if (th->fiber == 0) {
-	/* save root */
-	rb_fiber_t *fib = root_fiber_alloc(th);
-	th->root_fiber = th->fiber = fib;
+    rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
+    if (ec->fiber_ptr->cont.self == 0) {
+        root_fiber_alloc(rb_ec_thread_ptr(ec));
     }
-    return th->fiber;
+    return ec->fiber_ptr;
 }
 
 static inline rb_fiber_t*
-return_fiber(void)
+return_fiber(bool terminate)
 {
-    rb_fiber_t *fib = fiber_current();
-    rb_fiber_t *prev = fib->prev;
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = fiber_current();
+    rb_fiber_t *prev = fiber->prev;
 
-    if (!prev) {
-	rb_fiber_t *root_fiber = GET_THREAD()->root_fiber;
-
-	if (root_fiber == fib) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "can't yield from root fiber");
-	}
-	return root_fiber;
+    if (prev) {
+        fiber->prev = NULL;
+        prev->resuming_fiber = Qnil;
+        return prev;
     }
     else {
-	fib->prev = NULL;
-	return prev;
+        if (!terminate) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "attempt to yield on a not resumed fiber");
+        }
+
+        rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
+        rb_fiber_t *root_fiber = th->root_fiber;
+
+        VM_ASSERT(root_fiber != NULL);
+
+        // search resuming fiber
+        for (fiber = root_fiber;
+             RTEST(fiber->resuming_fiber);
+             fiber = fiber_ptr(fiber->resuming_fiber)) {
+        }
+
+        return fiber;
     }
 }
 
@@ -1335,178 +2184,261 @@ rb_fiber_current(void)
     return fiber_current()->cont.self;
 }
 
+// Prepare to execute next_fiber on the given thread.
 static inline VALUE
-fiber_store(rb_fiber_t *next_fib, rb_thread_t *th)
+fiber_store(rb_fiber_t *next_fiber, rb_thread_t *th)
 {
-    rb_fiber_t *fib;
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber;
 
-    if (th->fiber) {
-	fib = th->fiber;
-	cont_save_thread(&fib->cont, th);
+    if (th->ec->fiber_ptr != NULL) {
+        fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
     }
     else {
-	/* create current fiber */
-	fib = root_fiber_alloc(th);
-	th->root_fiber = th->fiber = fib;
+        /* create root fiber */
+        fiber = root_fiber_alloc(th);
     }
 
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE
-    fiber_setcontext(next_fib, fib);
-    /* restored */
-#ifndef _WIN32
-    if (terminated_machine_stack.ptr) {
-	if (machine_stack_cache_index < MAX_MACHINE_STACK_CACHE) {
-	    machine_stack_cache[machine_stack_cache_index].ptr = terminated_machine_stack.ptr;
-	    machine_stack_cache[machine_stack_cache_index].size = terminated_machine_stack.size;
-	    machine_stack_cache_index++;
-	}
-	else {
-	    if (terminated_machine_stack.ptr != fib->cont.machine.stack) {
-		munmap((void*)terminated_machine_stack.ptr, terminated_machine_stack.size * sizeof(VALUE));
-	    }
-	    else {
-		rb_bug("terminated fiber resumed");
-	    }
-	}
-	terminated_machine_stack.ptr = NULL;
-	terminated_machine_stack.size = 0;
-    }
-#endif /* not _WIN32 */
-    fib = th->fiber;
-    if (fib->cont.argc == -1) rb_exc_raise(fib->cont.value);
-    return fib->cont.value;
-
-#else /* FIBER_USE_NATIVE */
-    cont_save_machine_stack(th, &fib->cont);
-    if (ruby_setjmp(fib->cont.jmpbuf)) {
-	/* restored */
-	fib = th->fiber;
-	if (fib->cont.argc == -1) rb_exc_raise(fib->cont.value);
-	if (next_fib->cont.value == Qundef) {
-	    cont_restore_0(&next_fib->cont, &next_fib->cont.value);
-	    rb_bug("rb_fiber_resume: unreachable");
-	}
-	return fib->cont.value;
-    }
-    else {
-	VALUE undef = Qundef;
-	cont_restore_0(&next_fib->cont, &undef);
-	rb_bug("rb_fiber_resume: unreachable");
+    if (FIBER_CREATED_P(next_fiber)) {
+        fiber_prepare_stack(next_fiber);
     }
-#endif /* FIBER_USE_NATIVE */
+
+    VM_ASSERT(FIBER_RESUMED_P(fiber) || FIBER_TERMINATED_P(fiber));
+    VM_ASSERT(FIBER_RUNNABLE_P(next_fiber));
+
+    if (FIBER_RESUMED_P(fiber)) fiber_status_set(fiber, FIBER_SUSPENDED);
+
+    fiber_status_set(next_fiber, FIBER_RESUMED);
+    fiber_setcontext(next_fiber, fiber);
+
+    fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
+
+    /* Raise an exception if that was the result of executing the fiber */
+    if (fiber->cont.argc == -1) rb_exc_raise(fiber->cont.value);
+
+    return fiber->cont.value;
 }
 
 static inline VALUE
-fiber_switch(rb_fiber_t *fib, int argc, const VALUE *argv, int is_resume)
+fiber_switch(rb_fiber_t *fiber, int argc, const VALUE *argv, int kw_splat, VALUE resuming_fiber, bool yielding)
 {
     VALUE value;
-    rb_context_t *cont = &fib->cont;
+    rb_context_t *cont = &fiber->cont;
     rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
 
-    if (th->fiber == fib) {
-	/* ignore fiber context switch
+    /* make sure the root_fiber object is available */
+    if (th->root_fiber == NULL) root_fiber_alloc(th);
+
+    if (th->ec->fiber_ptr == fiber) {
+        /* ignore fiber context switch
          * because destination fiber is same as current fiber
-	 */
-	return make_passing_arg(argc, argv);
+         */
+        return make_passing_arg(argc, argv);
     }
 
-    if (cont->saved_thread.self != th->self) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "fiber called across threads");
+    if (cont_thread_value(cont) != th->self) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "fiber called across threads");
+    }
+    else if (cont->saved_ec.protect_tag != th->ec->protect_tag) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "fiber called across stack rewinding barrier");
     }
-    else if (cont->saved_thread.protect_tag != th->protect_tag) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "fiber called across stack rewinding barrier");
+    else if (FIBER_TERMINATED_P(fiber)) {
+        value = rb_exc_new2(rb_eFiberError, "dead fiber called");
+
+        if (!FIBER_TERMINATED_P(th->ec->fiber_ptr)) {
+            rb_exc_raise(value);
+            VM_UNREACHABLE(fiber_switch);
+        }
+        else {
+            /* th->ec->fiber_ptr is also dead => switch to root fiber */
+            /* (this means we're being called from rb_fiber_terminate, */
+            /* and the terminated fiber's return_fiber() is already dead) */
+            VM_ASSERT(FIBER_SUSPENDED_P(th->root_fiber));
+
+            cont = &th->root_fiber->cont;
+            cont->argc = -1;
+            cont->value = value;
+
+            fiber_setcontext(th->root_fiber, th->ec->fiber_ptr);
+
+            VM_UNREACHABLE(fiber_switch);
+        }
     }
-    else if (fib->status == TERMINATED) {
-	value = rb_exc_new2(rb_eFiberError, "dead fiber called");
 
-	if (th->fiber->status != TERMINATED) rb_exc_raise(value);
+    VM_ASSERT(FIBER_RUNNABLE_P(fiber));
 
-	/* th->fiber is also dead => switch to root fiber */
-	/* (this means we're being called from rb_fiber_terminate, */
-	/* and the terminated fiber's return_fiber() is already dead) */
-	cont = &th->root_fiber->cont;
-	cont->argc = -1;
-	cont->value = value;
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE
-	fiber_setcontext(th->root_fiber, th->fiber);
-#else
-	cont_restore_0(cont, &value);
-#endif
-	/* unreachable */
+    rb_fiber_t *current_fiber = fiber_current();
+
+    VM_ASSERT(!RTEST(current_fiber->resuming_fiber));
+    if (RTEST(resuming_fiber)) {
+        current_fiber->resuming_fiber = resuming_fiber;
+        fiber->prev = fiber_current();
+        fiber->yielding = 0;
     }
 
-    if (is_resume) {
-	fib->prev = fiber_current();
+    VM_ASSERT(!current_fiber->yielding);
+    if (yielding) {
+        current_fiber->yielding = 1;
     }
-    else {
-	/* restore `tracing' context. see [Feature #4347] */
-	th->trace_arg = cont->saved_thread.trace_arg;
+
+    if (current_fiber->blocking) {
+        th->blocking -= 1;
     }
 
     cont->argc = argc;
+    cont->kw_splat = kw_splat;
     cont->value = make_passing_arg(argc, argv);
 
-    value = fiber_store(fib, th);
-    RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS(th);
+    value = fiber_store(fiber, th);
+
+    if (RTEST(resuming_fiber) && FIBER_TERMINATED_P(fiber)) {
+        fiber_stack_release(fiber);
+    }
+
+    if (fiber_current()->blocking) {
+        th->blocking += 1;
+    }
+
+    RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS(th->ec);
+
+    EXEC_EVENT_HOOK(th->ec, RUBY_EVENT_FIBER_SWITCH, th->self, 0, 0, 0, Qnil);
 
     return value;
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_fiber_transfer(VALUE fibval, int argc, const VALUE *argv)
+rb_fiber_transfer(VALUE fiber_value, int argc, const VALUE *argv)
+{
+    return fiber_switch(fiber_ptr(fiber_value), argc, argv, RB_NO_KEYWORDS, Qfalse, false);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     fiber.blocking? -> true or false
+ *
+ *  Returns +true+ if +fiber+ is blocking and +false+ otherwise.
+ *  Fiber is non-blocking if it was created via passing <tt>blocking: false</tt>
+ *  to Fiber.new, or via Fiber.schedule.
+ *
+ *  Note, that even if the method returns +false+, Fiber behaves differently
+ *  only if Fiber.scheduler is set in the current thread.
+ *
+ *  See the "Non-blocking fibers" section in class docs for details.
+ *
+ */
+VALUE
+rb_fiber_blocking_p(VALUE fiber)
+{
+    return (fiber_ptr(fiber)->blocking == 0) ? Qfalse : Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     Fiber.blocking? -> false or number
+ *
+ *  Returns +false+ if the current fiber is non-blocking.
+ *  Fiber is non-blocking if it was created via passing <tt>blocking: false</tt>
+ *  to Fiber.new, or via Fiber.schedule.
+ *
+ *  If the current Fiber is blocking, the method, unlike usual
+ *  predicate methods, returns a *number* of blocking fibers currently
+ *  running (TBD: always 1?).
+ *
+ *  Note, that even if the method returns +false+, Fiber behaves differently
+ *  only if Fiber.scheduler is set in the current thread.
+ *
+ *  See the "Non-blocking fibers" section in class docs for details.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_f_fiber_blocking_p(VALUE klass)
+{
+    rb_thread_t *thread = GET_THREAD();
+    unsigned blocking = thread->blocking;
+
+    if (blocking == 0)
+        return Qfalse;
+
+    return INT2NUM(blocking);
+}
+
+void
+rb_fiber_close(rb_fiber_t *fiber)
 {
-    rb_fiber_t *fib;
-    GetFiberPtr(fibval, fib);
-    return fiber_switch(fib, argc, argv, 0);
+    fiber_status_set(fiber, FIBER_TERMINATED);
 }
 
 static void
-rb_fiber_terminate(rb_fiber_t *fib)
-{
-    VALUE value = fib->cont.value;
-    fib->status = TERMINATED;
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE && !defined(_WIN32)
-    /* Ruby must not switch to other thread until storing terminated_machine_stack */
-    terminated_machine_stack.ptr = fib->ss_sp;
-    terminated_machine_stack.size = fib->ss_size / sizeof(VALUE);
-    fib->ss_sp = NULL;
-    fib->context.uc_stack.ss_sp = NULL;
-    fib->cont.machine.stack = NULL;
-    fib->cont.machine.stack_size = 0;
-#endif
-    fiber_switch(return_fiber(), 1, &value, 0);
+rb_fiber_terminate(rb_fiber_t *fiber, int need_interrupt)
+{
+    VALUE value = fiber->cont.value;
+    rb_fiber_t *next_fiber;
+
+    VM_ASSERT(FIBER_RESUMED_P(fiber));
+    rb_fiber_close(fiber);
+
+    coroutine_destroy(&fiber->context);
+
+    fiber->cont.machine.stack = NULL;
+    fiber->cont.machine.stack_size = 0;
+
+    next_fiber = return_fiber(true);
+    if (need_interrupt) RUBY_VM_SET_INTERRUPT(&next_fiber->cont.saved_ec);
+    fiber_switch(next_fiber, 1, &value, RB_NO_KEYWORDS, Qfalse, false);
+    ruby_stop(0);
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_fiber_resume(VALUE fibval, int argc, const VALUE *argv)
+rb_fiber_resume_kw(VALUE fiber_value, int argc, const VALUE *argv, int kw_splat)
 {
-    rb_fiber_t *fib;
-    GetFiberPtr(fibval, fib);
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = fiber_ptr(fiber_value);
+    rb_fiber_t *current_fiber = fiber_current();
 
-    if (fib->prev != 0 || fib->cont.type == ROOT_FIBER_CONTEXT) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "double resume");
+    if (argc == -1 && FIBER_CREATED_P(fiber)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "cannot raise exception on unborn fiber");
     }
-    if (fib->transferred != 0) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "cannot resume transferred Fiber");
+    else if (FIBER_TERMINATED_P(fiber)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "attempt to resume a terminated fiber");
+    }
+    else if (fiber == current_fiber) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "attempt to resume the current fiber");
+    }
+    else if (fiber->prev != NULL) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "attempt to resume a resumed fiber (double resume)");
+    }
+    else if (RTEST(fiber->resuming_fiber)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "attempt to resume a resuming fiber");
+    }
+    else if (fiber->prev == NULL &&
+             (!fiber->yielding && fiber->status != FIBER_CREATED)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "attempt to resume a transferring fiber");
     }
 
-    return fiber_switch(fib, argc, argv, 1);
+    return fiber_switch(fiber, argc, argv, kw_splat, fiber_value, false);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_fiber_resume(VALUE fiber_value, int argc, const VALUE *argv)
+{
+    return rb_fiber_resume_kw(fiber_value, argc, argv, RB_NO_KEYWORDS);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_fiber_yield_kw(int argc, const VALUE *argv, int kw_splat)
+{
+    return fiber_switch(return_fiber(false), argc, argv, kw_splat, Qfalse, true);
 }
 
 VALUE
 rb_fiber_yield(int argc, const VALUE *argv)
 {
-    return fiber_switch(return_fiber(), argc, argv, 0);
+    return fiber_switch(return_fiber(false), argc, argv, RB_NO_KEYWORDS, Qfalse, true);
 }
 
 void
-rb_fiber_reset_root_local_storage(VALUE thval)
+rb_fiber_reset_root_local_storage(rb_thread_t *th)
 {
-    rb_thread_t *th;
-
-    GetThreadPtr(thval, th);
-    if (th->root_fiber && th->root_fiber != th->fiber) {
-	th->local_storage = th->root_fiber->cont.saved_thread.local_storage;
+    if (th->root_fiber && th->root_fiber != th->ec->fiber_ptr) {
+        th->ec->local_storage = th->root_fiber->cont.saved_ec.local_storage;
     }
 }
 
@@ -1520,32 +2452,146 @@ rb_fiber_reset_root_local_storage(VALUE thval)
  *  before using this method.
  */
 VALUE
-rb_fiber_alive_p(VALUE fibval)
+rb_fiber_alive_p(VALUE fiber_value)
 {
-    rb_fiber_t *fib;
-    GetFiberPtr(fibval, fib);
-    return fib->status != TERMINATED ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+    return FIBER_TERMINATED_P(fiber_ptr(fiber_value)) ? Qfalse : Qtrue;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     fiber.resume(args, ...) -> obj
  *
- *  Resumes the fiber from the point at which the last <code>Fiber.yield</code>
- *  was called, or starts running it if it is the first call to
- *  <code>resume</code>. Arguments passed to resume will be the value of
- *  the <code>Fiber.yield</code> expression or will be passed as block
- *  parameters to the fiber's block if this is the first <code>resume</code>.
+ *  Resumes the fiber from the point at which the last Fiber.yield was
+ *  called, or starts running it if it is the first call to
+ *  #resume. Arguments passed to resume will be the value of the
+ *  Fiber.yield expression or will be passed as block parameters to
+ *  the fiber's block if this is the first #resume.
  *
  *  Alternatively, when resume is called it evaluates to the arguments passed
- *  to the next <code>Fiber.yield</code> statement inside the fiber's block
+ *  to the next Fiber.yield statement inside the fiber's block
  *  or to the block value if it runs to completion without any
- *  <code>Fiber.yield</code>
+ *  Fiber.yield
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_m_resume(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE fiber)
+{
+    return rb_fiber_resume_kw(fiber, argc, argv, rb_keyword_given_p());
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_fiber_transfer_kw(VALUE fiber_value, int argc, VALUE *argv, int kw_splat);
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     fiber.raise                                 -> obj
+ *     fiber.raise(string)                         -> obj
+ *     fiber.raise(exception [, string [, array]]) -> obj
+ *
+ *  Raises an exception in the fiber at the point at which the last
+ *  +Fiber.yield+ was called. If the fiber has not been started or has
+ *  already run to completion, raises +FiberError+. If the fiber is
+ *  yielding, it is resumed. If it is transferring, it is transferred into.
+ *  But if it is resuming, raises +FiberError+.
+ *
+ *  With no arguments, raises a +RuntimeError+. With a single +String+
+ *  argument, raises a +RuntimeError+ with the string as a message.  Otherwise,
+ *  the first parameter should be the name of an +Exception+ class (or an
+ *  object that returns an +Exception+ object when sent an +exception+
+ *  message). The optional second parameter sets the message associated with
+ *  the exception, and the third parameter is an array of callback information.
+ *  Exceptions are caught by the +rescue+ clause of <code>begin...end</code>
+ *  blocks.
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_raise(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE fiber_value)
+{
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = fiber_ptr(fiber_value);
+    VALUE exc = rb_make_exception(argc, argv);
+    if (RTEST(fiber->resuming_fiber)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "attempt to raise a resuming fiber");
+    }
+    else if (FIBER_SUSPENDED_P(fiber) && !fiber->yielding) {
+        return rb_fiber_transfer_kw(fiber_value, -1, &exc, RB_NO_KEYWORDS);
+    }
+    else {
+        return rb_fiber_resume_kw(fiber_value, -1, &exc, RB_NO_KEYWORDS);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     fiber.backtrace -> array
+ *     fiber.backtrace(start) -> array
+ *     fiber.backtrace(start, count) -> array
+ *     fiber.backtrace(start..end) -> array
+ *
+ *  Returns the current execution stack of the fiber. +start+, +count+ and +end+ allow
+ *  to select only parts of the backtrace.
+ *
+ *     def level3
+ *       Fiber.yield
+ *     end
+ *
+ *     def level2
+ *       level3
+ *     end
+ *
+ *     def level1
+ *       level2
+ *     end
+ *
+ *     f = Fiber.new { level1 }
+ *
+ *     # It is empty before the fiber started
+ *     f.backtrace
+ *     #=> []
+ *
+ *     f.resume
+ *
+ *     f.backtrace
+ *     #=> ["test.rb:2:in `yield'", "test.rb:2:in `level3'", "test.rb:6:in `level2'", "test.rb:10:in `level1'", "test.rb:13:in `block in <main>'"]
+ *     p f.backtrace(1) # start from the item 1
+ *     #=> ["test.rb:2:in `level3'", "test.rb:6:in `level2'", "test.rb:10:in `level1'", "test.rb:13:in `block in <main>'"]
+ *     p f.backtrace(2, 2) # start from item 2, take 2
+ *     #=> ["test.rb:6:in `level2'", "test.rb:10:in `level1'"]
+ *     p f.backtrace(1..3) # take items from 1 to 3
+ *     #=> ["test.rb:2:in `level3'", "test.rb:6:in `level2'", "test.rb:10:in `level1'"]
+ *
+ *     f.resume
+ *
+ *     # It is nil after the fiber is finished
+ *     f.backtrace
+ *     #=> nil
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_backtrace(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE fiber)
+{
+    return rb_vm_backtrace(argc, argv, &fiber_ptr(fiber)->cont.saved_ec);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     fiber.backtrace_locations -> array
+ *     fiber.backtrace_locations(start) -> array
+ *     fiber.backtrace_locations(start, count) -> array
+ *     fiber.backtrace_locations(start..end) -> array
+ *
+ *  Like #backtrace, but returns each line of the execution stack as a
+ *  Thread::Backtrace::Location. Accepts the same arguments as #backtrace.
+ *
+ *    f = Fiber.new { Fiber.yield }
+ *    f.resume
+ *    loc = f.backtrace_locations.first
+ *    loc.label  #=> "yield"
+ *    loc.path   #=> "test.rb"
+ *    loc.lineno #=> 1
+ *
+ *
  */
 static VALUE
-rb_fiber_m_resume(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE fib)
+rb_fiber_backtrace_locations(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE fiber)
 {
-    return rb_fiber_resume(fib, argc, argv);
+    return rb_vm_backtrace_locations(argc, argv, &fiber_ptr(fiber)->cont.saved_ec);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1555,51 +2601,101 @@ rb_fiber_m_resume(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE fib)
  *  Transfer control to another fiber, resuming it from where it last
  *  stopped or starting it if it was not resumed before. The calling
  *  fiber will be suspended much like in a call to
- *  <code>Fiber.yield</code>. You need to <code>require 'fiber'</code>
+ *  Fiber.yield. You need to <code>require 'fiber'</code>
  *  before using this method.
  *
  *  The fiber which receives the transfer call is treats it much like
  *  a resume call. Arguments passed to transfer are treated like those
  *  passed to resume.
  *
- *  You cannot resume a fiber that transferred control to another one.
- *  This will cause a double resume error. You need to transfer control
- *  back to this fiber before it can yield and resume.
+ *  The two style of control passing to and from fiber (one is #resume and
+ *  Fiber::yield, another is #transfer to and from fiber) can't be freely
+ *  mixed.
+ *
+ *  * If the Fiber's lifecycle had started with transfer, it will never
+ *    be able to yield or be resumed control passing, only
+ *    finish or transfer back. (It still can resume other fibers that
+ *    are allowed to be resumed.)
+ *  * If the Fiber's lifecycle had started with resume, it can yield
+ *    or transfer to another Fiber, but can receive control back only
+ *    the way compatible with the way it was given away: if it had
+ *    transferred, it only can be transferred back, and if it had
+ *    yielded, it only can be resumed back. After that, it again can
+ *    transfer or yield.
+ *
+ *  If those rules are broken FiberError is raised.
+ *
+ *  For an individual Fiber design, yield/resume is more easy to use
+ *  style (the Fiber just gives away control, it doesn't need to think
+ *  about who the control is given to), while transfer is more flexible
+ *  for complex cases, allowing to build arbitrary graphs of Fibers
+ *  dependent on each other.
+ *
  *
  *  Example:
  *
- *    fiber1 = Fiber.new do
- *      puts "In Fiber 1"
- *      Fiber.yield
- *    end
+ *     require 'fiber'
  *
- *    fiber2 = Fiber.new do
- *      puts "In Fiber 2"
- *      fiber1.transfer
- *      puts "Never see this message"
- *    end
+ *     manager = nil # For local var to be visible inside worker block
  *
- *    fiber3 = Fiber.new do
- *      puts "In Fiber 3"
- *    end
+ *     # This fiber would be started with transfer
+ *     # It can't yield, and can't be resumed
+ *     worker = Fiber.new { |work|
+ *       puts "Worker: starts"
+ *       puts "Worker: Performed #{work.inspect}, transferring back"
+ *       # Fiber.yield     # this would raise FiberError: attempt to yield on a not resumed fiber
+ *       # manager.resume  # this would raise FiberError: attempt to resume a resumed fiber (double resume)
+ *       manager.transfer(work.capitalize)
+ *     }
  *
- *    fiber2.resume
- *    fiber3.resume
+ *     # This fiber would be started with resume
+ *     # It can yield or transfer, and can be transferred
+ *     # back or resumed
+ *     manager = Fiber.new {
+ *       puts "Manager: starts"
+ *       puts "Manager: transferring 'something' to worker"
+ *       result = worker.transfer('something')
+ *       puts "Manager: worker returned #{result.inspect}"
+ *       # worker.resume    # this would raise FiberError: attempt to resume a transferring fiber
+ *       Fiber.yield        # this is OK, the fiber transferred from and to, now it can yield
+ *       puts "Manager: finished"
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     puts "Starting the manager"
+ *     manager.resume
+ *     puts "Resuming the manager"
+ *     # manager.transfer  # this would raise FiberError: attempt to transfer to a yielding fiber
+ *     manager.resume
  *
  *  <em>produces</em>
  *
- *    In fiber 2
- *    In fiber 1
- *    In fiber 3
+ *     Starting the manager
+ *     Manager: starts
+ *     Manager: transferring 'something' to worker
+ *     Worker: starts
+ *     Worker: Performed "something", transferring back
+ *     Manager: worker returned "Something"
+ *     Resuming the manager
+ *     Manager: finished
  *
  */
 static VALUE
-rb_fiber_m_transfer(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE fibval)
+rb_fiber_m_transfer(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE fiber_value)
 {
-    rb_fiber_t *fib;
-    GetFiberPtr(fibval, fib);
-    fib->transferred = 1;
-    return fiber_switch(fib, argc, argv, 0);
+    return rb_fiber_transfer_kw(fiber_value, argc, argv, rb_keyword_given_p());
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_transfer_kw(VALUE fiber_value, int argc, VALUE *argv, int kw_splat)
+{
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = fiber_ptr(fiber_value);
+    if (RTEST(fiber->resuming_fiber)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "attempt to transfer to a resuming fiber");
+    }
+    if (fiber->yielding) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "attempt to transfer to a yielding fiber");
+    }
+    return fiber_switch(fiber, argc, argv, kw_splat, Qfalse, false);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1608,14 +2704,14 @@ rb_fiber_m_transfer(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE fibval)
  *
  *  Yields control back to the context that resumed the fiber, passing
  *  along any arguments that were passed to it. The fiber will resume
- *  processing at this point when <code>resume</code> is called next.
- *  Any arguments passed to the next <code>resume</code> will be the
- *  value that this <code>Fiber.yield</code> expression evaluates to.
+ *  processing at this point when #resume is called next.
+ *  Any arguments passed to the next #resume will be the value that
+ *  this Fiber.yield expression evaluates to.
  */
 static VALUE
 rb_fiber_s_yield(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    return rb_fiber_yield(argc, argv);
+    return rb_fiber_yield_kw(argc, argv, rb_keyword_given_p());
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1632,7 +2728,119 @@ rb_fiber_s_current(VALUE klass)
     return rb_fiber_current();
 }
 
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   fiber.to_s   -> string
+ *
+ * Returns fiber information string.
+ *
+ */
 
+static VALUE
+fiber_to_s(VALUE fiber_value)
+{
+    const rb_fiber_t *fiber = fiber_ptr(fiber_value);
+    const rb_proc_t *proc;
+    char status_info[0x20];
+
+    if (RTEST(fiber->resuming_fiber)) {
+        snprintf(status_info, 0x20, " (%s by resuming)", fiber_status_name(fiber->status));
+    }
+    else {
+        snprintf(status_info, 0x20, " (%s)", fiber_status_name(fiber->status));
+    }
+
+    if (!rb_obj_is_proc(fiber->first_proc)) {
+        VALUE str = rb_any_to_s(fiber_value);
+        strlcat(status_info, ">", sizeof(status_info));
+        rb_str_set_len(str, RSTRING_LEN(str)-1);
+        rb_str_cat_cstr(str, status_info);
+        return str;
+    }
+    GetProcPtr(fiber->first_proc, proc);
+    return rb_block_to_s(fiber_value, &proc->block, status_info);
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_WORKING_FORK
+void
+rb_fiber_atfork(rb_thread_t *th)
+{
+    if (th->root_fiber) {
+        if (&th->root_fiber->cont.saved_ec != th->ec) {
+            th->root_fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
+        }
+        th->root_fiber->prev = 0;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef RB_EXPERIMENTAL_FIBER_POOL
+static void
+fiber_pool_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool = ptr;
+    RUBY_FREE_ENTER("fiber_pool");
+
+    fiber_pool_free_allocations(fiber_pool->allocations);
+    ruby_xfree(fiber_pool);
+
+    RUBY_FREE_LEAVE("fiber_pool");
+}
+
+static size_t
+fiber_pool_memsize(const void *ptr)
+{
+    const struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool = ptr;
+    size_t size = sizeof(*fiber_pool);
+
+    size += fiber_pool->count * fiber_pool->size;
+
+    return size;
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t FiberPoolDataType = {
+    "fiber_pool",
+    {NULL, fiber_pool_free, fiber_pool_memsize,},
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+};
+
+static VALUE
+fiber_pool_alloc(VALUE klass)
+{
+    struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool = RB_ALLOC(struct fiber_pool);
+
+    return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &FiberPoolDataType, fiber_pool);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_pool_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
+    VALUE size = Qnil, count = Qnil, vm_stack_size = Qnil;
+    struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool = NULL;
+
+    // Maybe these should be keyword arguments.
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &size, &count, &vm_stack_size);
+
+    if (NIL_P(size)) {
+        size = INT2NUM(th->vm->default_params.fiber_machine_stack_size);
+    }
+
+    if (NIL_P(count)) {
+        count = INT2NUM(128);
+    }
+
+    if (NIL_P(vm_stack_size)) {
+        vm_stack_size = INT2NUM(th->vm->default_params.fiber_vm_stack_size);
+    }
+
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct fiber_pool, &FiberPoolDataType, fiber_pool);
+
+    fiber_pool_initialize(fiber_pool, NUM2SIZET(size), NUM2SIZET(count), NUM2SIZET(vm_stack_size));
+
+    return self;
+}
+#endif
 
 /*
  *  Document-class: FiberError
@@ -1647,11 +2855,198 @@ rb_fiber_s_current(VALUE klass)
  *     fiber.resume #=> FiberError: dead fiber called
  */
 
+/*
+ *  Document-class: Fiber::SchedulerInterface
+ *
+ *  This is not an existing class, but documentation of the interface that Scheduler
+ *  object should comply in order to be used as Fiber.scheduler and handle non-blocking
+ *  fibers. See also the "Non-blocking fibers" section in Fiber class docs for explanations
+ *  of some concepts.
+ *
+ *  Scheduler's behavior and usage are expected to be as follows:
+ *
+ *  * When the execution in the non-blocking Fiber reaches some blocking operation (like
+ *    sleep, wait for a process, or a non-ready I/O), it calls some of the scheduler's
+ *    hook methods, listed below.
+ *  * Scheduler somehow registers what the current fiber is waited for, and yields control
+ *    to other fibers with Fiber.yield (so the fiber would be suspended while expecting its
+ *    wait to end, and other fibers in the same thread can perform)
+ *  * At the end of the current thread execution, the scheduler's method #close is called
+ *  * The scheduler runs into a wait loop, checking all the blocked fibers (which it has
+ *    registered on hook calls) and resuming them when the awaited resource is ready (I/O
+ *    ready, sleep time passed).
+ *
+ *  A typical implementation would probably rely for this closing loop on a gem like
+ *  EventMachine[https://github.com/eventmachine/eventmachine] or
+ *  Async[https://github.com/socketry/async].
+ *
+ *  This way concurrent execution will be achieved in a way that is transparent for every
+ *  individual Fiber's code.
+ *
+ *  Hook methods are:
+ *
+ *  * #io_wait
+ *  * #process_wait
+ *  * #kernel_sleep
+ *  * #block and #unblock
+ *  * (the list is expanded as Ruby developers make more methods having non-blocking calls)
+ *
+ *  When not specified otherwise, the hook implementations are mandatory: if they are not
+ *  implemented, the methods trying to call hook will fail. To provide backward compatibility,
+ *  in the future hooks will be optional (if they are not implemented, due to the scheduler
+ *  being created for the older Ruby version, the code which needs this hook will not fail,
+ *  and will just behave in a blocking fashion).
+ *
+ *  It is also strongly suggested that the scheduler implement the #fiber method, which is
+ *  delegated to by Fiber.schedule.
+ *
+ *  Sample _toy_ implementation of the scheduler can be found in Ruby's code, in
+ *  <tt>test/fiber/scheduler.rb</tt>
+ *
+ */
+
+#if 0 /* for RDoc */
+/*
+ *
+ *  Document-method: Fiber::SchedulerInterface#close
+ *
+ *  Called when the current thread exits. The scheduler is expected to implement this
+ *  method in order to allow all waiting fibers to finalize their execution.
+ *
+ *  The suggested pattern is to implement the main event loop in the #close method.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_close(VALUE self)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#process_wait
+ *  call-seq: process_wait(pid, flags)
+ *
+ *  Invoked by Process::Status.wait in order to wait for a specified process.
+ *  See that method description for arguments description.
+ *
+ *  Suggested minimal implementation:
+ *
+ *      Thread.new do
+ *        Process::Status.wait(pid, flags)
+ *      end.value
+ *
+ *  This hook is optional: if it is not present in the current scheduler,
+ *  Process::Status.wait will behave as a blocking method.
+ *
+ *  Expected to returns a Process::Status instance.
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_process_wait(VALUE self)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#io_wait
+ *  call-seq: io_wait(io, events, timeout)
+ *
+ *  Invoked by IO#wait, IO#wait_readable, IO#wait_writable to ask whether the
+ *  specified descriptor is ready for specified events within
+ *  the specified +timeout+.
+ *
+ *  +events+ is a bit mask of <tt>IO::READABLE</tt>, <tt>IO::WRITABLE</tt>, and
+ *  <tt>IO::PRIORITY</tt>.
+ *
+ *  Suggested implementation should register which Fiber is waiting for which
+ *  resources and immediately calling Fiber.yield to pass control to other
+ *  fibers. Then, in the #close method, the scheduler might dispatch all the
+ *  I/O resources to fibers waiting for it.
+ *
+ *  Expected to return the subset of events that are ready immediately.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_io_wait(VALUE self)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#kernel_sleep
+ *  call-seq: kernel_sleep(duration = nil)
+ *
+ *  Invoked by Kernel#sleep and Mutex#sleep and is expected to provide
+ *  an implementation of sleeping in a non-blocking way. Implementation might
+ *  register the current fiber in some list of "what fiber waits till what
+ *  moment", call Fiber.yield to pass control, and then in #close resume
+ *  the fibers whose wait period have ended.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_kernel_sleep(VALUE self)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#block
+ *  call-seq: block(blocker, timeout = nil)
+ *
+ *  Invoked by methods like Thread.join, and by Mutex, to signify that current
+ *  Fiber is blocked till further notice (e.g. #unblock) or till +timeout+ will
+ *  pass.
+ *
+ *  +blocker+ is what we are waiting on, informational only (for debugging and
+ *  logging). There are no guarantees about its value.
+ *
+ *  Expected to return boolean, specifying whether the blocking operation was
+ *  successful or not.
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_block(VALUE self)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#unblock
+ *  call-seq: unblock(blocker, fiber)
+ *
+ *  Invoked to wake up Fiber previously blocked with #block (for example, Mutex#lock
+ *  calls #block and Mutex#unlock calls #unblock). The scheduler should use
+ *  the +fiber+ parameter to understand which fiber is unblocked.
+ *
+ *  +blocker+ is what was awaited for, but it is informational only (for debugging
+ *  and logging), and it is not guaranteed to be the same value as the +blocker+ for
+ *  #block.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_unblock(VALUE self)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#fiber
+ *  call-seq: fiber(&block)
+ *
+ *  Implementation of the Fiber.schedule. The method is <em>expected</em> to immediately
+ *  run passed block of code in a separate non-blocking fiber, and to return that Fiber.
+ *
+ *  Minimal suggested implementation is:
+ *
+ *     def fiber(&block)
+ *       Fiber.new(blocking: false, &block).tap(&:resume)
+ *     end
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_fiber(VALUE self)
+{
+}
+#endif
+
 void
 Init_Cont(void)
 {
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE
     rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
+    size_t vm_stack_size = th->vm->default_params.fiber_vm_stack_size;
+    size_t machine_stack_size = th->vm->default_params.fiber_machine_stack_size;
+    size_t stack_size = machine_stack_size + vm_stack_size;
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
     SYSTEM_INFO info;
@@ -1660,15 +3055,54 @@ Init_Cont(void)
 #else /* not WIN32 */
     pagesize = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
 #endif
-    SET_MACHINE_STACK_END(&th->machine.stack_end);
-#endif
+    SET_MACHINE_STACK_END(&th->ec->machine.stack_end);
+
+    fiber_pool_initialize(&shared_fiber_pool, stack_size, FIBER_POOL_INITIAL_SIZE, vm_stack_size);
+
+    fiber_initialize_keywords[0] = rb_intern_const("blocking");
+    fiber_initialize_keywords[1] = rb_intern_const("pool");
+
+    char * fiber_shared_fiber_pool_free_stacks = getenv("RUBY_SHARED_FIBER_POOL_FREE_STACKS");
+    if (fiber_shared_fiber_pool_free_stacks) {
+        shared_fiber_pool.free_stacks = atoi(fiber_shared_fiber_pool_free_stacks);
+    }
 
     rb_cFiber = rb_define_class("Fiber", rb_cObject);
     rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cFiber, fiber_alloc);
     rb_eFiberError = rb_define_class("FiberError", rb_eStandardError);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "yield", rb_fiber_s_yield, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "initialize", rb_fiber_init, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "initialize", rb_fiber_initialize, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "blocking?", rb_fiber_blocking_p, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "resume", rb_fiber_m_resume, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "raise", rb_fiber_raise, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "backtrace", rb_fiber_backtrace, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "backtrace_locations", rb_fiber_backtrace_locations, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "to_s", fiber_to_s, 0);
+    rb_define_alias(rb_cFiber, "inspect", "to_s");
+
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "blocking?", rb_f_fiber_blocking_p, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "scheduler", rb_fiber_scheduler, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "set_scheduler", rb_fiber_set_scheduler, 1);
+
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "schedule", rb_f_fiber, -1);
+    //rb_define_global_function("Fiber", rb_f_fiber, -1);
+
+#if 0 /* for RDoc */
+    rb_cFiberScheduler = rb_define_class_under(rb_cFiber, "SchedulerInterface", rb_cObject);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "close", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_close, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "process_wait", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_process_wait, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "io_wait", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_io_wait, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "kernel_sleep", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_kernel_sleep, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "block", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_block, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "unblock", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_unblock, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "fiber", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_fiber, 0);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef RB_EXPERIMENTAL_FIBER_POOL
+    rb_cFiberPool = rb_define_class("Pool", rb_cFiber);
+    rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cFiberPool, fiber_pool_alloc);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberPool, "initialize", rb_fiber_pool_initialize, -1);
+#endif
 }
 
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
@@ -1687,6 +3121,9 @@ ruby_Init_Continuation_body(void)
 void
 ruby_Init_Fiber_as_Coroutine(void)
 {
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
+    rb_ext_ractor_safe(true);
+#endif
     rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "transfer", rb_fiber_m_transfer, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "alive?", rb_fiber_alive_p, 0);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "current", rb_fiber_s_current, 0);
diff --git a/coroutine/Stack.h b/coroutine/Stack.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0fc703622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/Stack.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/11/2020.
+ *  Copyright, 2020, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#include COROUTINE_H
+
+#ifdef COROUTINE_PRIVATE_STACK
+#define COROUTINE_STACK_LOCAL(type, name) type *name = ruby_xmalloc(sizeof(type))
+#define COROUTINE_STACK_FREE(name) ruby_xfree(name)
+#else
+#define COROUTINE_STACK_LOCAL(type, name) type name##_local; type * name = &name##_local
+#define COROUTINE_STACK_FREE(name)
+#endif
diff --git a/coroutine/amd64/Context.S b/coroutine/amd64/Context.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..051db1c5e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/amd64/Context.S
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+##
+##  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+##
+##  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+##  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+##
+
+#define TOKEN_PASTE(x,y) x##y
+#define PREFIXED_SYMBOL(prefix,name) TOKEN_PASTE(prefix,name)
+
+.text
+
+.globl PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer)
+PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer):
+
+	# Save caller state
+	pushq %rbp
+	pushq %rbx
+	pushq %r12
+	pushq %r13
+	pushq %r14
+	pushq %r15
+
+	# Save caller stack pointer
+	movq %rsp, (%rdi)
+
+	# Restore callee stack pointer
+	movq (%rsi), %rsp
+
+	# Restore callee state
+	popq %r15
+	popq %r14
+	popq %r13
+	popq %r12
+	popq %rbx
+	popq %rbp
+
+	# Put the first argument into the return value
+	movq %rdi, %rax
+
+	# We pop the return address and jump to it
+	ret
+
+#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__ELF__)
+.section .note.GNU-stack,"",%progbits
+#endif
diff --git a/coroutine/amd64/Context.h b/coroutine/amd64/Context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..581525b67e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/amd64/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+ *  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define COROUTINE __attribute__((noreturn)) void
+
+enum {COROUTINE_REGISTERS = 6};
+
+struct coroutine_context
+{
+    void **stack_pointer;
+};
+
+typedef COROUTINE(* coroutine_start)(struct coroutine_context *from, struct coroutine_context *self);
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize(
+    struct coroutine_context *context,
+    coroutine_start start,
+    void *stack,
+    size_t size
+) {
+    assert(start && stack && size >= 1024);
+
+    // Stack grows down. Force 16-byte alignment.
+    char * top = (char*)stack + size;
+    context->stack_pointer = (void**)((uintptr_t)top & ~0xF);
+
+    *--context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)start;
+
+    context->stack_pointer -= COROUTINE_REGISTERS;
+    memset(context->stack_pointer, 0, sizeof(void*) * COROUTINE_REGISTERS);
+}
+
+struct coroutine_context * coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context * current, struct coroutine_context * target);
+
+static inline void coroutine_destroy(struct coroutine_context * context)
+{
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/arm32/Context.S b/coroutine/arm32/Context.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1850c4c408
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/arm32/Context.S
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+##
+##  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+##
+##  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+##  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+##
+
+#define TOKEN_PASTE(x,y) x##y
+#define PREFIXED_SYMBOL(prefix,name) TOKEN_PASTE(prefix,name)
+
+.file "Context.S"
+.text
+.globl PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer)
+.align 2
+.type PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer),%function
+.syntax unified
+
+PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer):
+	# Save caller state (8 registers + return address)
+	push {r4-r11,lr}
+
+	# Save caller stack pointer
+	str sp, [r0]
+
+	# Restore callee stack pointer
+	ldr sp, [r1]
+
+	# Restore callee state (8 registers program counter)
+	pop {r4-r11,pc}
+
+#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__ELF__)
+.section .note.GNU-stack,"",%progbits
+#endif
diff --git a/coroutine/arm32/Context.h b/coroutine/arm32/Context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69f4b2eeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/arm32/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+ *  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define COROUTINE __attribute__((noreturn)) void
+#define COROUTINE_LIMITED_ADDRESS_SPACE
+
+enum {COROUTINE_REGISTERS = 8};
+
+struct coroutine_context
+{
+    void **stack_pointer;
+};
+
+typedef COROUTINE(* coroutine_start)(struct coroutine_context *from, struct coroutine_context *self);
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize(
+    struct coroutine_context *context,
+    coroutine_start start,
+    void *stack,
+    size_t size
+) {
+    assert(start && stack && size >= 1024);
+
+    // Stack grows down. Force 16-byte alignment.
+    char * top = (char*)stack + size;
+    context->stack_pointer = (void**)((uintptr_t)top & ~0xF);
+
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)start;
+
+    context->stack_pointer -= COROUTINE_REGISTERS;
+    memset(context->stack_pointer, 0, sizeof(void*) * COROUTINE_REGISTERS);
+}
+
+struct coroutine_context * coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context * current, struct coroutine_context * target);
+
+static inline void coroutine_destroy(struct coroutine_context * context)
+{
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/arm64/Context.S b/coroutine/arm64/Context.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04e3f6d1ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/arm64/Context.S
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+##
+##  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+##
+##  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+##  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+##
+
+#define TOKEN_PASTE(x,y) x##y
+#define PREFIXED_SYMBOL(prefix,name) TOKEN_PASTE(prefix,name)
+
+.text
+.align 2
+
+.global PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer)
+PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer):
+
+	# Make space on the stack for caller registers
+	sub sp, sp, 0xb0
+
+	# Save caller registers
+	stp d8, d9, [sp, 0x00]
+	stp d10, d11, [sp, 0x10]
+	stp d12, d13, [sp, 0x20]
+	stp d14, d15, [sp, 0x30]
+	stp x19, x20, [sp, 0x40]
+	stp x21, x22, [sp, 0x50]
+	stp x23, x24, [sp, 0x60]
+	stp x25, x26, [sp, 0x70]
+	stp x27, x28, [sp, 0x80]
+	stp x29, x30, [sp, 0x90]
+
+	# Save return address
+	str x30, [sp, 0xa0]
+
+	# Save stack pointer to x0 (first argument)
+	mov x2, sp
+	str x2, [x0, 0]
+
+	# Load stack pointer from x1 (second argument)
+	ldr x3, [x1, 0]
+	mov sp, x3
+
+	# Restore caller registers
+	ldp d8, d9, [sp, 0x00]
+	ldp d10, d11, [sp, 0x10]
+	ldp d12, d13, [sp, 0x20]
+	ldp d14, d15, [sp, 0x30]
+	ldp x19, x20, [sp, 0x40]
+	ldp x21, x22, [sp, 0x50]
+	ldp x23, x24, [sp, 0x60]
+	ldp x25, x26, [sp, 0x70]
+	ldp x27, x28, [sp, 0x80]
+	ldp x29, x30, [sp, 0x90]
+
+	# Load return address into x4
+	ldr x4, [sp, 0xa0]
+
+	# Pop stack frame
+	add sp, sp, 0xb0
+
+	# Jump to return address (in x4)
+	ret x4
diff --git a/coroutine/arm64/Context.h b/coroutine/arm64/Context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34be995a4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/arm64/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+ *  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define COROUTINE __attribute__((noreturn)) void
+
+enum {COROUTINE_REGISTERS = 0xb0 / 8};
+
+struct coroutine_context
+{
+    void **stack_pointer;
+};
+
+typedef COROUTINE(* coroutine_start)(struct coroutine_context *from, struct coroutine_context *self);
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize(
+    struct coroutine_context *context,
+    coroutine_start start,
+    void *stack,
+    size_t size
+) {
+    assert(start && stack && size >= 1024);
+
+    // Stack grows down. Force 16-byte alignment.
+    char * top = (char*)stack + size;
+    context->stack_pointer = (void**)((uintptr_t)top & ~0xF);
+
+    context->stack_pointer -= COROUTINE_REGISTERS;
+    memset(context->stack_pointer, 0, sizeof(void*) * COROUTINE_REGISTERS);
+
+    context->stack_pointer[0xa0 / 8] = (void*)start;
+}
+
+struct coroutine_context * coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context * current, struct coroutine_context * target);
+
+static inline void coroutine_destroy(struct coroutine_context * context)
+{
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/copy/Context.c b/coroutine/copy/Context.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa8bb2ff05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/copy/Context.c
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 24/6/2019.
+ *  Copyright, 2019, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#include "Context.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Alternate-Keywords.html
+#ifndef __GNUC__
+#define __asm__ asm
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__sparc)
+__attribute__((noinline))
+// https://marc.info/?l=linux-sparc&m=131914569320660&w=2
+static void coroutine_flush_register_windows(void) {
+    __asm__
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+    __volatile__
+#endif
+#if defined(__sparcv9) || defined(__sparc_v9__) || defined(__arch64__)
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+    ("flushw" : : : "%o7")
+#else
+    ("flushw")
+#endif
+#else
+    ("ta 0x03")
+#endif
+    ;
+}
+#else
+static void coroutine_flush_register_windows(void) {}
+#endif
+
+__attribute__((noinline))
+void *coroutine_stack_pointer(void) {
+    return (void*)(
+        (char*)__builtin_frame_address(0)
+    );
+}
+
+// Save the current stack to a private area. It is likely that when restoring the stack, this stack frame will be incomplete. But that is acceptable since the previous stack frame which called `setjmp` should be correctly restored.
+__attribute__((noinline))
+int coroutine_save_stack_1(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    assert(context->stack);
+    assert(context->base);
+
+    void *stack_pointer = coroutine_stack_pointer();
+
+    // At this point, you may need to ensure on architectures that use register windows, that all registers are flushed to the stack, otherwise the copy of the stack will not contain the valid registers:
+    coroutine_flush_register_windows();
+
+    // Save stack to private area:
+    if (stack_pointer < context->base) {
+        size_t size = (char*)context->base - (char*)stack_pointer;
+        assert(size <= context->size);
+
+        memcpy(context->stack, stack_pointer, size);
+        context->used = size;
+    } else {
+        size_t size = (char*)stack_pointer - (char*)context->base;
+        assert(size <= context->size);
+
+        memcpy(context->stack, context->base, size);
+        context->used = size;
+    }
+
+    // Initialized:
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// Copy the current stack to a private memory buffer.
+int coroutine_save_stack(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    if (_setjmp(context->state)) {
+        // Restored.
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // We need to invoke the memory copy from one stack frame deeper than the one that calls setjmp. That is because if you don't do this, the setjmp might be restored into an invalid stack frame (truncated, etc):
+    return coroutine_save_stack_1(context);
+}
+
+__attribute__((noreturn, noinline))
+void coroutine_restore_stack_padded(struct coroutine_context *context, void * buffer) {
+    void *stack_pointer = coroutine_stack_pointer();
+
+    assert(context->base);
+
+    // At this point, you may need to ensure on architectures that use register windows, that all registers are flushed to the stack, otherwise when we copy in the new stack, the registers would not be updated:
+    coroutine_flush_register_windows();
+
+    // Restore stack from private area:
+    if (stack_pointer < context->base) {
+        void * bottom = (char*)context->base - context->used;
+        assert(bottom > stack_pointer);
+
+        memcpy(bottom, context->stack, context->used);
+    } else {
+        void * top = (char*)context->base + context->used;
+        assert(top < stack_pointer);
+
+        memcpy(context->base, context->stack, context->used);
+    }
+
+    // Restore registers. The `buffer` is to force the compiler NOT to elide he buffer and `alloca`:
+    _longjmp(context->state, (int)(1 | (intptr_t)buffer));
+}
+
+// In order to swap between coroutines, we need to swap the stack and registers.
+// `setjmp` and `longjmp` are able to swap registers, but what about swapping stacks? You can use `memcpy` to copy the current stack to a private area and `memcpy` to copy the private stack of the next coroutine to the main stack.
+// But if the stack yop are copying in to the main stack is bigger than the currently executing stack, the `memcpy` will clobber the current stack frame (including the context argument). So we use `alloca` to push the current stack frame *beyond* the stack we are about to copy in. This ensures the current stack frame in `coroutine_restore_stack_padded` remains valid for calling `longjmp`.
+__attribute__((noreturn))
+void coroutine_restore_stack(struct coroutine_context *context) {
+    void *stack_pointer = coroutine_stack_pointer();
+    void *buffer = NULL;
+
+    // We must ensure that the next stack frame is BEYOND the stack we are restoring:
+    if (stack_pointer < context->base) {
+        intptr_t offset = (intptr_t)stack_pointer - ((intptr_t)context->base - context->used);
+        if (offset > 0) buffer = alloca(offset);
+    } else {
+        intptr_t offset = ((intptr_t)context->base + context->used) - (intptr_t)stack_pointer;
+        if (offset > 0) buffer = alloca(offset);
+    }
+
+    assert(context->used > 0);
+
+    coroutine_restore_stack_padded(context, buffer);
+}
+
+struct coroutine_context *coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context *current, struct coroutine_context *target)
+{
+    struct coroutine_context *previous = target->from;
+
+    // In theory, either this condition holds true, or we should assign the base address to target:
+    assert(current->base == target->base);
+    // If you are trying to copy the coroutine to a different thread
+    // target->base = current->base
+
+    target->from = current;
+
+    assert(current != target);
+
+    // It's possible to come here, even thought the current fiber has been terminated. We are never going to return so we don't bother saving the stack.
+
+    if (current->stack) {
+        if (coroutine_save_stack(current) == 0) {
+            coroutine_restore_stack(target);
+        }
+    } else {
+        coroutine_restore_stack(target);
+    }
+
+    target->from = previous;
+
+    return target;
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/copy/Context.h b/coroutine/copy/Context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6038f00cf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/copy/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 27/6/2019.
+ *  Copyright, 2019, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/* OpenBSD supports alloca, but does not include alloca.h */
+#ifndef __OpenBSD__
+#include <alloca.h>
+#endif
+
+#define COROUTINE __attribute__((noreturn)) void
+
+#if INTPTR_MAX <= INT32_MAX
+#define COROUTINE_LIMITED_ADDRESS_SPACE
+#endif
+
+// This stack copying implementation which uses a private stack for each coroutine, including the main one.
+#define COROUTINE_PRIVATE_STACK
+
+struct coroutine_context
+{
+    // Private stack:
+    void *stack;
+    size_t size, used;
+
+    // The top (or bottom) of the currently executing stack:
+    void *base;
+
+    jmp_buf state;
+
+    struct coroutine_context *from;
+};
+
+typedef COROUTINE(*coroutine_start)(struct coroutine_context *from, struct coroutine_context *self);
+
+int coroutine_save_stack(struct coroutine_context * context);
+COROUTINE coroutine_restore_stack(struct coroutine_context *context);
+
+// @param stack The private stack area memory allocation (pointer to lowest address).
+// @param size The size of the private stack area.
+// @param base A stack pointer to the base of the main stack. On x86 hardware, this is the upper extent of the region that will be copied to the private stack.
+static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context *context, void *stack, size_t size, void *base) {
+    assert(stack);
+    assert(size >= 1024);
+
+    context->stack = stack;
+    context->size = size;
+    context->used = 0;
+
+    assert(base);
+    context->base = base;
+
+    context->from = NULL;
+}
+
+// @param start The start function to invoke.
+static inline void coroutine_initialize(
+    struct coroutine_context *context,
+    coroutine_start start,
+    void *stack,
+    size_t size,
+    void *base
+) {
+    assert(start);
+
+    coroutine_initialize_main(context, stack, size, base);
+
+    if (coroutine_save_stack(context)) {
+        start(context->from, context);
+    }
+}
+
+struct coroutine_context *coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context *current, register struct coroutine_context *target);
+
+static inline void coroutine_destroy(struct coroutine_context *context)
+{
+    context->stack = NULL;
+    context->size = 0;
+    context->from = NULL;
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/ppc64le/Context.S b/coroutine/ppc64le/Context.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61be9efcf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/ppc64le/Context.S
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#define TOKEN_PASTE(x,y) x##y
+#define PREFIXED_SYMBOL(prefix,name) TOKEN_PASTE(prefix,name)
+
+.text
+.align 2
+
+.globl PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer)
+.type   PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer), @function
+PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer):
+	# Make space on the stack for caller registers
+	addi 1,1,-152
+
+	# Save caller registers
+	std 14,0(1)
+	std 15,8(1)
+	std 16,16(1)
+	std 17,24(1)
+	std 18,32(1)
+	std 19,40(1)
+	std 20,48(1)
+	std 21,56(1)
+	std 22,64(1)
+	std 23,72(1)
+	std 24,80(1)
+	std 25,88(1)
+	std 26,96(1)
+	std 27,104(1)
+	std 28,112(1)
+	std 29,120(1)
+	std 30,128(1)
+	std 31,136(1)
+
+	# Save return address
+	mflr 0
+	std 0,144(1)
+
+	# Save stack pointer to first argument
+	std 1,0(3)
+
+	# Load stack pointer from second argument
+	ld 1,0(4)
+
+	# Restore caller registers
+	ld 14,0(1)
+	ld 15,8(1)
+	ld 16,16(1)
+	ld 17,24(1)
+	ld 18,32(1)
+	ld 19,40(1)
+	ld 20,48(1)
+	ld 21,56(1)
+	ld 22,64(1)
+	ld 23,72(1)
+	ld 24,80(1)
+	ld 25,88(1)
+	ld 26,96(1)
+	ld 27,104(1)
+	ld 28,112(1)
+	ld 29,120(1)
+	ld 30,128(1)
+	ld 31,136(1)
+
+	# Load return address
+	ld 0,144(1)
+	mtlr 0
+
+	# Pop stack frame
+	addi 1,1,152
+
+	# Jump to return address
+	blr
+
+#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__ELF__)
+.section .note.GNU-stack,"",%progbits
+#endif
diff --git a/coroutine/ppc64le/Context.h b/coroutine/ppc64le/Context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e36f9c3583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/ppc64le/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define COROUTINE __attribute__((noreturn)) void
+
+enum {
+  COROUTINE_REGISTERS =
+  19  /* 18 general purpose registers (r14-r31) and 1 return address */
+  + 4  /* space for fiber_entry() to store the link register */
+};
+
+struct coroutine_context
+{
+    void **stack_pointer;
+};
+
+typedef COROUTINE(* coroutine_start)(struct coroutine_context *from, struct coroutine_context *self);
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize(
+    struct coroutine_context *context,
+    coroutine_start start,
+    void *stack,
+    size_t size
+) {
+    assert(start && stack && size >= 1024);
+
+    // Stack grows down. Force 16-byte alignment.
+    char * top = (char*)stack + size;
+    context->stack_pointer = (void**)((uintptr_t)top & ~0xF);
+
+    context->stack_pointer -= COROUTINE_REGISTERS;
+    memset(context->stack_pointer, 0, sizeof(void*) * COROUTINE_REGISTERS);
+
+    /* Skip a global prologue that sets the TOC register */
+    context->stack_pointer[18] = ((char*)start) + 8;
+}
+
+struct coroutine_context * coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context * current, struct coroutine_context * target);
+
+static inline void coroutine_destroy(struct coroutine_context * context)
+{
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/ucontext/Context.c b/coroutine/ucontext/Context.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ba76ee628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/ucontext/Context.c
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 24/6/2019.
+ *  Copyright, 2019, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+/* According to Solaris' ucontext.h, makecontext, etc. are removed in SUSv4.
+ * To enable the prototype declarations, we need to define __EXTENSIONS__.
+ */
+#if defined(__sun) && !defined(__EXTENSIONS__)
+#define __EXTENSIONS__
+#endif
+#include "Context.h"
+
+void coroutine_trampoline(void * _start, void * _context)
+{
+    coroutine_start start = (coroutine_start)_start;
+    struct coroutine_context * context = _context;
+
+    start(context->from, context);
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/ucontext/Context.h b/coroutine/ucontext/Context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b2a593793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/ucontext/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 24/6/2019.
+ *  Copyright, 2019, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <ucontext.h>
+
+#define COROUTINE __attribute__((noreturn)) void
+
+#if INTPTR_MAX <= INT32_MAX
+#define COROUTINE_LIMITED_ADDRESS_SPACE
+#endif
+
+struct coroutine_context
+{
+    ucontext_t state;
+    struct coroutine_context * from;
+};
+
+typedef COROUTINE(* coroutine_start)(struct coroutine_context *from, struct coroutine_context *self);
+
+COROUTINE coroutine_trampoline(void * _start, void * _context);
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    context->from = NULL;
+    getcontext(&context->state);
+}
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize(
+    struct coroutine_context *context,
+    coroutine_start start,
+    void *stack,
+    size_t size
+) {
+    assert(start && stack && size >= 1024);
+
+    coroutine_initialize_main(context);
+
+    context->state.uc_stack.ss_size = size;
+    // Despite what it's called, this is not actually a stack pointer. It points to the address of the stack allocation (the lowest address).
+    context->state.uc_stack.ss_sp = (char*)stack;
+    context->state.uc_stack.ss_flags = 0;
+    context->state.uc_link = NULL;
+
+    makecontext(&context->state, (void(*)(void))coroutine_trampoline, 2, (void*)start, (void*)context);
+}
+
+static inline struct coroutine_context * coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context * current, struct coroutine_context * target)
+{
+    struct coroutine_context * previous = target->from;
+
+    target->from = current;
+    swapcontext(&current->state, &target->state);
+    target->from = previous;
+
+    return target;
+}
+
+static inline void coroutine_destroy(struct coroutine_context * context)
+{
+    context->state.uc_stack.ss_sp = NULL;
+    context->state.uc_stack.ss_size = 0;
+    context->from = NULL;
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/win32/Context.S b/coroutine/win32/Context.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d14bf435e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/win32/Context.S
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+##
+##  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+##
+##  Created by Lars Kanis on 06/06/2019.
+##
+
+.text
+
+# Using fastcall is a big win (and it's the same as how x64 works).
+# In coroutine transfer, the arguments are passed in ecx and edx. We don't need
+# to touch these in order to pass them to the destination coroutine.
+
+.globl @coroutine_transfer@8
+@coroutine_transfer@8:
+	# Save the thread information block:
+	pushl %fs:0
+	pushl %fs:4
+	pushl %fs:8
+
+	# Save caller registers:
+	pushl %ebp
+	pushl %ebx
+	pushl %edi
+	pushl %esi
+
+	# Save caller stack pointer:
+	movl %esp, (%ecx)
+
+	# Restore callee stack pointer:
+	movl (%edx), %esp
+
+	# Restore callee stack:
+	popl %esi
+	popl %edi
+	popl %ebx
+	popl %ebp
+
+	# Restore the thread information block:
+	popl %fs:8
+	popl %fs:4
+	popl %fs:0
+
+	# Save the first argument as the return value:
+	movl %ecx, %eax
+
+	# Jump to the address on the stack:
+	ret
diff --git a/coroutine/win32/Context.asm b/coroutine/win32/Context.asm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f8f431239b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/win32/Context.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+;;
+;;  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+;;
+;;  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+;;  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+;;
+
+.386
+.model flat
+
+.code
+
+assume fs:nothing
+
+; Using fastcall is a big win (and it's the same has how x64 works).
+; In coroutine transfer, the arguments are passed in ecx and edx. We don't need
+; to touch these in order to pass them to the destination coroutine.
+
+@coroutine_transfer@8 proc
+	; Save the thread information block:
+	push fs:[0]
+	push fs:[4]
+	push fs:[8]
+
+	; Save caller registers:
+	push ebp
+	push ebx
+	push edi
+	push esi
+
+	; Save caller stack pointer:
+	mov dword ptr [ecx], esp
+
+	; Restore callee stack pointer:
+	mov esp, dword ptr [edx]
+
+	; Restore callee stack:
+	pop esi
+	pop edi
+	pop ebx
+	pop ebp
+
+	; Restore the thread information block:
+	pop fs:[8]
+	pop fs:[4]
+	pop fs:[0]
+
+	; Save the first argument as the return value:
+	mov eax, dword ptr ecx
+
+	; Jump to the address on the stack:
+	ret
+@coroutine_transfer@8 endp
+
+end
diff --git a/coroutine/win32/Context.h b/coroutine/win32/Context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e20342a98d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/win32/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+ *  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define COROUTINE __declspec(noreturn) void __fastcall
+#define COROUTINE_LIMITED_ADDRESS_SPACE
+
+/* This doesn't include thread information block */
+enum {COROUTINE_REGISTERS = 4};
+
+struct coroutine_context
+{
+    void **stack_pointer;
+};
+
+typedef void(__fastcall * coroutine_start)(struct coroutine_context *from, struct coroutine_context *self);
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize(
+    struct coroutine_context *context,
+    coroutine_start start,
+    void *stack,
+    size_t size
+) {
+    assert(start && stack && size >= 1024);
+
+    // Stack grows down. Force 16-byte alignment.
+    char * top = (char*)stack + size;
+    context->stack_pointer = (void**)((uintptr_t)top & ~0xF);
+
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)start;
+
+    /* Windows Thread Information Block */
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)0xFFFFFFFF; /* fs:[0] */
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)top; /* fs:[4] */
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)stack;  /* fs:[8] */
+
+    context->stack_pointer -= COROUTINE_REGISTERS;
+    memset(context->stack_pointer, 0, sizeof(void*) * COROUTINE_REGISTERS);
+}
+
+struct coroutine_context * __fastcall coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context * current, struct coroutine_context * target);
+
+static inline void coroutine_destroy(struct coroutine_context * context)
+{
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/win64/Context.S b/coroutine/win64/Context.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e0ee38e006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/win64/Context.S
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+##
+##  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+##
+##  Created by Samuel Williams on 4/11/2018.
+##  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+##
+
+.text
+
+.globl coroutine_transfer
+coroutine_transfer:
+	# Save the thread information block:
+	pushq %gs:8
+	pushq %gs:16
+
+	# Save caller registers:
+	pushq %rbp
+	pushq %rbx
+	pushq %rdi
+	pushq %rsi
+	pushq %r12
+	pushq %r13
+	pushq %r14
+	pushq %r15
+
+	movaps %xmm15, -168(%rsp)
+	movaps %xmm14, -152(%rsp)
+	movaps %xmm13, -136(%rsp)
+	movaps %xmm12, -120(%rsp)
+	movaps %xmm11, -104(%rsp)
+	movaps %xmm10, -88(%rsp)
+	movaps %xmm9, -72(%rsp)
+	movaps %xmm8, -56(%rsp)
+	movaps %xmm7, -40(%rsp)
+	movaps %xmm6, -24(%rsp)
+
+	# Save caller stack pointer:
+	mov %rsp, (%rcx)
+
+	# Restore callee stack pointer:
+	mov (%rdx), %rsp
+
+	movaps -24(%rsp), %xmm6
+	movaps -40(%rsp), %xmm7
+	movaps -56(%rsp), %xmm8
+	movaps -72(%rsp), %xmm9
+	movaps -88(%rsp), %xmm10
+	movaps -104(%rsp), %xmm11
+	movaps -120(%rsp), %xmm12
+	movaps -136(%rsp), %xmm13
+	movaps -152(%rsp), %xmm14
+	movaps -168(%rsp), %xmm15
+
+	# Restore callee stack:
+	popq %r15
+	popq %r14
+	popq %r13
+	popq %r12
+	popq %rsi
+	popq %rdi
+	popq %rbx
+	popq %rbp
+
+	# Restore the thread information block:
+	popq %gs:16
+	popq %gs:8
+
+	# Put the first argument into the return value:
+	mov %rcx, %rax
+
+	# We pop the return address and jump to it:
+	ret
+
+.globl coroutine_trampoline
+coroutine_trampoline:
+	# Do not remove this. This forces 16-byte alignment when entering the coroutine.
+	ret
diff --git a/coroutine/win64/Context.asm b/coroutine/win64/Context.asm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c4dea1c93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/win64/Context.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+;;
+;;  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+;;
+;;  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+;;  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+;;
+
+.code
+
+coroutine_transfer proc
+	; Save the thread information block:
+	push qword ptr gs:[8]
+	push qword ptr gs:[16]
+
+	; Save caller registers:
+	push rbp
+	push rbx
+	push rdi
+	push rsi
+	push r12
+	push r13
+	push r14
+	push r15
+
+	movaps [rsp - 24], xmm6
+	movaps [rsp - 40], xmm7
+	movaps [rsp - 56], xmm8
+	movaps [rsp - 72], xmm9
+	movaps [rsp - 88], xmm10
+	movaps [rsp - 104], xmm11
+	movaps [rsp - 120], xmm12
+	movaps [rsp - 136], xmm13
+	movaps [rsp - 152], xmm14
+	movaps [rsp - 168], xmm15
+
+	; Save caller stack pointer:
+	mov [rcx], rsp
+
+	; Restore callee stack pointer:
+	mov rsp, [rdx]
+
+	movaps xmm15, [rsp - 168]
+	movaps xmm14, [rsp - 152]
+	movaps xmm13, [rsp - 136]
+	movaps xmm12, [rsp - 120]
+	movaps xmm11, [rsp - 104]
+	movaps xmm10, [rsp - 88]
+	movaps xmm9, [rsp - 72]
+	movaps xmm8, [rsp - 56]
+	movaps xmm7, [rsp - 40]
+	movaps xmm6, [rsp - 24]
+
+	; Restore callee stack:
+	pop r15
+	pop r14
+	pop r13
+	pop r12
+	pop rsi
+	pop rdi
+	pop rbx
+	pop rbp
+
+	; Restore the thread information block:
+	pop qword ptr gs:[16]
+	pop qword ptr gs:[8]
+
+	; Put the first argument into the return value:
+	mov rax, rcx
+
+	; We pop the return address and jump to it:
+	ret
+coroutine_transfer endp
+
+coroutine_trampoline proc
+	; Do not remove this. This forces 16-byte alignment when entering the coroutine.
+	ret
+coroutine_trampoline endp
+
+end
diff --git a/coroutine/win64/Context.h b/coroutine/win64/Context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e28e6a6ff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/win64/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+ *  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define COROUTINE __declspec(noreturn) void
+
+enum {
+    COROUTINE_REGISTERS = 8,
+    COROUTINE_XMM_REGISTERS = 1+10*2,
+};
+
+struct coroutine_context
+{
+    void **stack_pointer;
+};
+
+typedef void(* coroutine_start)(struct coroutine_context *from, struct coroutine_context *self);
+
+void coroutine_trampoline();
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize(
+    struct coroutine_context *context,
+    coroutine_start start,
+    void *stack,
+    size_t size
+) {
+    assert(start && stack && size >= 1024);
+
+    // Stack grows down. Force 16-byte alignment.
+    char * top = (char*)stack + size;
+    context->stack_pointer = (void**)((uintptr_t)top & ~0xF);
+
+    /* Win64 ABI requires space for arguments */
+    context->stack_pointer -= 4;
+
+    /* Return address */
+    *--context->stack_pointer = 0;
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)start;
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)coroutine_trampoline;
+
+    /* Windows Thread Information Block */
+    /* *--context->stack_pointer = 0; */ /* gs:[0x00] is not used */
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)top; /* gs:[0x08] */
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)stack;  /* gs:[0x10] */
+
+    context->stack_pointer -= COROUTINE_REGISTERS;
+    memset(context->stack_pointer, 0, sizeof(void*) * COROUTINE_REGISTERS);
+    memset(context->stack_pointer - COROUTINE_XMM_REGISTERS, 0, sizeof(void*) * COROUTINE_XMM_REGISTERS);
+}
+
+struct coroutine_context * coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context * current, struct coroutine_context * target);
+
+static inline void coroutine_destroy(struct coroutine_context * context)
+{
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/x86/Context.S b/coroutine/x86/Context.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6983f21c3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/x86/Context.S
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+##
+##  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+##
+##  Created by Samuel Williams on 3/11/2018.
+##  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+##
+
+#define TOKEN_PASTE(x,y) x##y
+#define PREFIXED_SYMBOL(prefix,name) TOKEN_PASTE(prefix,name)
+
+.text
+
+.globl PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer)
+PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer):
+
+	# Save caller registers
+	pushl %ebp
+	pushl %ebx
+	pushl %edi
+	pushl %esi
+
+	# Save caller stack pointer
+	movl %esp, (%ecx)
+
+	# Restore callee stack pointer
+	movl (%edx), %esp
+
+	# Restore callee stack
+	popl %esi
+	popl %edi
+	popl %ebx
+	popl %ebp
+
+	# Save the first argument as the return value
+	movl %ecx, %eax
+
+	# Jump to the address on the stack
+	ret
+
+#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__ELF__)
+.section .note.GNU-stack,"",%progbits
+#endif
diff --git a/coroutine/x86/Context.h b/coroutine/x86/Context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dfdde24f5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/x86/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 3/11/2018.
+ *  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define COROUTINE __attribute__((noreturn, fastcall)) void
+#define COROUTINE_LIMITED_ADDRESS_SPACE
+
+enum {COROUTINE_REGISTERS = 4};
+
+struct coroutine_context
+{
+    void **stack_pointer;
+};
+
+typedef COROUTINE(* coroutine_start)(struct coroutine_context *from, struct coroutine_context *self) __attribute__((fastcall));
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize(
+    struct coroutine_context *context,
+    coroutine_start start,
+    void *stack,
+    size_t size
+) {
+    assert(start && stack && size >= 1024);
+
+    // Stack grows down. Force 16-byte alignment.
+    char * top = (char*)stack + size;
+    context->stack_pointer = (void**)((uintptr_t)top & ~0xF);
+
+    *--context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)start;
+
+    context->stack_pointer -= COROUTINE_REGISTERS;
+    memset(context->stack_pointer, 0, sizeof(void*) * COROUTINE_REGISTERS);
+}
+
+struct coroutine_context * coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context * current, struct coroutine_context * target) __attribute__((fastcall));
+
+static inline void coroutine_destroy(struct coroutine_context * context)
+{
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
diff --git a/coverage/README b/coverage/README
index 7e4ff59e2a..78a01826aa 100644
--- a/coverage/README
+++ b/coverage/README
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The make task `update-coverage' retrieves simplecov for coverage report.
 
 COVERAGE=1 make test-all TESTS=test/cgi
 
-it generate test coverage to coverage directory.
+it generates test coverage to coverage directory.
 
 Limitation
 
diff --git a/cygwin/GNUmakefile.in b/cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
index 768a1b6b7f..86098814a1 100644
--- a/cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
+++ b/cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
+gnumake = yes
+
 include Makefile
 
 ENABLE_SHARED=@ENABLE_SHARED@
 DLLWRAP = @DLLWRAP@ --target=@target_os@ --driver-name="$(CC)"
-WINDRES = @WINDRES@ --preprocessor="$(CPP) -xc" -DRC_INVOKED
+windres-cpp := $(CPP) -xc
+windres-cpp := --preprocessor=$(firstword $(windres-cpp)) \
+	$(addprefix --preprocessor-arg=,$(wordlist 2,$(words $(windres-cpp)),$(windres-cpp)))
+WINDRES = @WINDRES@ $(windres-cpp) -DRC_INVOKED
+STRIP = @STRIP@
 
 ifeq (@target_os@,cygwin)
   DLL_BASE_NAME := $(LIBRUBY_SO:.dll=)
@@ -10,9 +16,6 @@ else
   DLL_BASE_NAME := $(RUBY_SO_NAME)
   DLLWRAP += -mno-cygwin
   VPATH := $(VPATH):$(srcdir)/win32
-  STUBPROGRAM = rubystub$(EXEEXT)
-  IGNOREDPATTERNS = %~ .% %.orig %.rej \#%\#
-  SCRIPTPROGRAMS = $(addsuffix $(EXEEXT),$(filter-out $(IGNOREDPATTERNS),$(notdir $(wildcard $(srcdir)/bin/*))))
 endif
 
 ifneq ($(ENABLE_SHARED),yes)
@@ -32,6 +35,8 @@ WPROGRAM = $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME)$(EXEEXT)
 
 -include uncommon.mk
 
+include $(srcdir)/defs/gmake.mk
+
 SOLIBS := $(DLL_BASE_NAME).res.@OBJEXT@ $(SOLIBS)
 override EXTOBJS += $(if $(filter-out $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME),$(@:$(EXEEXT)=)),$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME),$(@:$(EXEEXT)=)).res.$(OBJEXT)
 RCFILES = $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).rc $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME).rc $(DLL_BASE_NAME).rc
@@ -39,13 +44,6 @@ RUBYDEF = $(DLL_BASE_NAME).def
 
 ruby: $(PROGRAM)
 rubyw: $(WPROGRAM)
-stub: $(STUBPROGRAM)
-scriptbin: $(SCRIPTPROGRAMS)
-
-%$(EXEEXT): bin/% $(STUBPROGRAM)
-	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) { cat $(STUBPROGRAM); echo; sed -e '1{' -e '/^#!.*ruby/!i\' -e '#!/bin/ruby' -e '}' $<; } > $@
-	$(Q) chmod +x $@
 
 $(LIBRUBY): $(RUBY_EXP) $(LIBRUBY_SO)
 $(RUBY_EXP) $(LIBRUBY_SO): $(DLL_BASE_NAME).res.@OBJEXT@
@@ -54,11 +52,11 @@ $(RUBY_EXP) $(LIBRUBY_SO): $(DLL_BASE_NAME).res.@OBJEXT@
 	$(ECHO) compiling $@
 	$(Q) $(WINDRES) --include-dir . --include-dir $(<D) --include-dir $(srcdir)/win32 $< $@
 
-$(RCFILES): $(RBCONFIG) $(srcdir)/revision.h $(srcdir)/win32/resource.rb
+%.rc: $(RBCONFIG) $(srcdir)/revision.h $(srcdir)/win32/resource.rb
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
 	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/win32/resource.rb \
 	  -ruby_name=$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME) -rubyw_name=$(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME) \
-	  -so_name=$(DLL_BASE_NAME) \
+	  -so_name=$(DLL_BASE_NAME) -output=$(*F) \
 	  . $(icondirs) $(srcdir)/win32
 
 $(PROGRAM): $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).res.@OBJEXT@
@@ -67,11 +65,7 @@ $(WPROGRAM): $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME).res.@OBJEXT@
 	$(ECHO) linking $@
 	$(Q) $(PURIFY) $(CC) -mwindows -e $(SYMBOL_PREFIX)mainCRTStartup $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) \
 	  $(MAINOBJ) $(EXTOBJS) $(LIBRUBYARG) $(LIBS) -o $@
-$(STUBPROGRAM): $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).res.@OBJEXT@ stub.@OBJEXT@
-	@rm -f $@
-	$(ECHO) linking $@
-	$(Q) $(PURIFY) $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) \
-	  stub.@OBJEXT@ $(EXTOBJS) $(LIBRUBYARG) $(LIBS) -o $@
+$(STUBPROGRAM): $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).res.@OBJEXT@
 
 $(RUBY_EXP): $(LIBRUBY_A)
 	$(ECHO) creating $@
@@ -86,7 +80,15 @@ GNUmakefile:	$(srcdir)/cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
 ifeq (@target_os@,mingw32)
 $(OBJS) $(MAINOBJ): win32.h
 
-dir.$(OBJEXT) win32.$(OBJEXT): win32/dir.h
+dir.$(OBJEXT) win32/win32.$(OBJEXT): win32/dir.h
+file.$(OBJEXT) win32/win32.$(OBJEXT): win32/file.h
+
+MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL_PARAM = --exclude=;--name=
+
+yes-test-ruby:	 export MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL=$(MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL_PARAM)
+yes-test-all:	 export MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL=$(MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL_PARAM)
+yes-test-almost: export MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL=$(MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL_PARAM)
+
 endif
 
 $(LIBRUBY_SO): $(RUBYDEF)
@@ -97,13 +99,5 @@ $(RUBYDEF): $(LIBRUBY_A) $(PREP) $(RBCONFIG)
 
 clean-local::
 	@$(RM) $(RUBYDEF)
-
-ifeq (@target_os@,cygwin)
-cygwin-$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)$(TEENY).dll: $(LIBRUBY_A) $(RUBYDEF)
-	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) @DLLWRAP@ -s --def=$(RUBYDEF) -o $@
-endif
-
-clean-local::
 	@$(RM) $(RUBY_EXP) $(RCFILES:.rc=.res.@OBJEXT@)
 	@$(RM) $(RCFILES)
diff --git a/debug.c b/debug.c
index b526ab9523..75d4cc6569 100644
--- a/debug.c
+++ b/debug.c
@@ -9,13 +9,33 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#include "ruby/ruby.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "eval_intern.h"
+#include "id.h"
+#include "internal/signal.h"
+#include "internal/util.h"
 #include "ruby/encoding.h"
+#include "ruby/io.h"
+#include "ruby/ruby.h"
 #include "ruby/util.h"
-#include "vm_debug.h"
-#include "eval_intern.h"
+#include "symbol.h"
 #include "vm_core.h"
-#include "id.h"
+#include "vm_debug.h"
+#include "vm_callinfo.h"
+#include "ruby/thread_native.h"
+#include "ractor_core.h"
+
+/* This is the only place struct RIMemo is actually used */
+struct RIMemo {
+    VALUE flags;
+    VALUE v0;
+    VALUE v1;
+    VALUE v2;
+    VALUE v3;
+};
 
 /* for gdb */
 const union {
@@ -25,52 +45,53 @@ const union {
     enum node_type              node_type;
     enum ruby_method_ids        method_ids;
     enum ruby_id_types          id_types;
+    enum ruby_fl_type           fl_types;
+    enum ruby_fl_ushift         fl_ushift;
+    enum ruby_encoding_consts   encoding_consts;
+    enum ruby_coderange_type    enc_coderange_types;
+    enum ruby_econv_flag_type   econv_flag_types;
+    rb_econv_result_t           econv_result;
+    enum ruby_robject_flags     robject_flags;
+    enum ruby_robject_consts    robject_consts;
+    enum ruby_rmodule_flags     rmodule_flags;
+    enum ruby_rstring_flags     rstring_flags;
+    enum ruby_rstring_consts    rstring_consts;
+    enum ruby_rarray_flags      rarray_flags;
+    enum ruby_rarray_consts     rarray_consts;
     enum {
-        RUBY_ENCODING_INLINE_MAX = ENCODING_INLINE_MAX,
-        RUBY_ENCODING_SHIFT = ENCODING_SHIFT,
-        RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_MASK    = ENC_CODERANGE_MASK,
-        RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_UNKNOWN = ENC_CODERANGE_UNKNOWN,
-        RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT    = ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT,
-        RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_VALID   = ENC_CODERANGE_VALID,
-        RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_BROKEN  = ENC_CODERANGE_BROKEN,
-        RUBY_FL_PROMOTED0   = FL_PROMOTED0,
-        RUBY_FL_PROMOTED1   = FL_PROMOTED1,
-        RUBY_FL_PROMOTED    = FL_PROMOTED0|FL_PROMOTED1,
-        RUBY_FL_FINALIZE    = FL_FINALIZE,
-        RUBY_FL_TAINT       = FL_TAINT,
-        RUBY_FL_EXIVAR      = FL_EXIVAR,
-        RUBY_FL_FREEZE      = FL_FREEZE,
-        RUBY_FL_SINGLETON   = FL_SINGLETON,
-        RUBY_FL_USER0       = FL_USER0,
-        RUBY_FL_USER1       = FL_USER1,
-        RUBY_FL_USER2       = FL_USER2,
-        RUBY_FL_USER3       = FL_USER3,
-        RUBY_FL_USER4       = FL_USER4,
-        RUBY_FL_USER5       = FL_USER5,
-        RUBY_FL_USER6       = FL_USER6,
-        RUBY_FL_USER7       = FL_USER7,
-        RUBY_FL_USER8       = FL_USER8,
-        RUBY_FL_USER9       = FL_USER9,
-        RUBY_FL_USER10      = FL_USER10,
-        RUBY_FL_USER11      = FL_USER11,
-        RUBY_FL_USER12      = FL_USER12,
-        RUBY_FL_USER13      = FL_USER13,
-        RUBY_FL_USER14      = FL_USER14,
-        RUBY_FL_USER15      = FL_USER15,
-        RUBY_FL_USER16      = FL_USER16,
-        RUBY_FL_USER17      = FL_USER17,
-        RUBY_FL_USER18      = FL_USER18,
-        RUBY_FL_USHIFT      = FL_USHIFT,
+	RUBY_FMODE_READABLE		= FMODE_READABLE,
+	RUBY_FMODE_WRITABLE		= FMODE_WRITABLE,
+	RUBY_FMODE_READWRITE		= FMODE_READWRITE,
+	RUBY_FMODE_BINMODE		= FMODE_BINMODE,
+	RUBY_FMODE_SYNC 		= FMODE_SYNC,
+	RUBY_FMODE_TTY			= FMODE_TTY,
+	RUBY_FMODE_DUPLEX		= FMODE_DUPLEX,
+	RUBY_FMODE_APPEND		= FMODE_APPEND,
+	RUBY_FMODE_CREATE		= FMODE_CREATE,
+	RUBY_FMODE_NOREVLOOKUP		= 0x00000100,
+	RUBY_FMODE_TRUNC		= FMODE_TRUNC,
+	RUBY_FMODE_TEXTMODE		= FMODE_TEXTMODE,
+	RUBY_FMODE_PREP 		= 0x00010000,
+	RUBY_FMODE_SETENC_BY_BOM	= FMODE_SETENC_BY_BOM,
+	RUBY_FMODE_UNIX 		= 0x00200000,
+	RUBY_FMODE_INET 		= 0x00400000,
+	RUBY_FMODE_INET6		= 0x00800000,
+
         RUBY_NODE_TYPESHIFT = NODE_TYPESHIFT,
         RUBY_NODE_TYPEMASK  = NODE_TYPEMASK,
         RUBY_NODE_LSHIFT    = NODE_LSHIFT,
         RUBY_NODE_FL_NEWLINE   = NODE_FL_NEWLINE
     } various;
+    union {
+	enum imemo_type                     types;
+	enum {RUBY_IMEMO_MASK = IMEMO_MASK} mask;
+	struct RIMemo                      *ptr;
+    } imemo;
+    struct RSymbol *symbol_ptr;
+    enum vm_call_flag_bits vm_call_flags;
 } ruby_dummy_gdb_enums;
 
-const VALUE RUBY_FL_USER19    = FL_USER19;
 const SIGNED_VALUE RUBY_NODE_LMASK = NODE_LMASK;
-const VALUE RUBY_ENCODING_MASK  = ENCODING_MASK;
 
 int
 ruby_debug_print_indent(int level, int debug_level, int indent_level)
@@ -92,14 +113,16 @@ ruby_debug_printf(const char *format, ...)
     va_end(ap);
 }
 
+#include "gc.h"
+
 VALUE
 ruby_debug_print_value(int level, int debug_level, const char *header, VALUE obj)
 {
     if (level < debug_level) {
-	VALUE str;
-	str = rb_inspect(obj);
-	fprintf(stderr, "DBG> %s: %s\n", header,
-		obj == (VALUE)(SIGNED_VALUE)-1 ? "" : StringValueCStr(str));
+	char buff[0x100];
+	rb_raw_obj_info(buff, 0x100, obj);
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "DBG> %s: %s\n", header, buff);
 	fflush(stderr);
     }
     return obj;
@@ -115,7 +138,7 @@ ID
 ruby_debug_print_id(int level, int debug_level, const char *header, ID id)
 {
     if (level < debug_level) {
-	fprintf(stderr, "DBG> %s: %"PRIsVALUE"\n", header, rb_id2str(id));
+	fprintf(stderr, "DBG> %s: %s\n", header, rb_id2name(id));
 	fflush(stderr);
     }
     return id;
@@ -137,29 +160,352 @@ ruby_debug_breakpoint(void)
     /* */
 }
 
-static void
-set_debug_option(const char *str, int len, void *arg)
-{
-#if defined _WIN32 && RUBY_MSVCRT_VERSION >= 80
-    extern int ruby_w32_rtc_error;
+#if defined _WIN32
+# if RUBY_MSVCRT_VERSION >= 80
+extern int ruby_w32_rtc_error;
+# endif
 #endif
+#if defined _WIN32 || defined __CYGWIN__
+#include <windows.h>
+UINT ruby_w32_codepage[2];
+#endif
+extern int ruby_rgengc_debug;
+extern int ruby_on_ci;
+
+int
+ruby_env_debug_option(const char *str, int len, void *arg)
+{
+    int ov;
+    size_t retlen;
+    unsigned long n;
 #define SET_WHEN(name, var, val) do {	    \
 	if (len == sizeof(name) - 1 &&	    \
 	    strncmp(str, (name), len) == 0) { \
 	    (var) = (val);		    \
-	    return;			    \
+	    return 1;			    \
 	}				    \
     } while (0)
+#define NAME_MATCH_VALUE(name)				\
+    ((size_t)len >= sizeof(name)-1 &&			\
+     strncmp(str, (name), sizeof(name)-1) == 0 &&	\
+     ((len == sizeof(name)-1 && !(len = 0)) ||		\
+      (str[sizeof(name)-1] == '=' &&			\
+       (str += sizeof(name), len -= sizeof(name), 1))))
+#define SET_UINT(val) do { \
+	n = ruby_scan_digits(str, len, 10, &retlen, &ov); \
+	if (!ov && retlen) { \
+	    val = (unsigned int)n; \
+	} \
+	str += retlen; \
+	len -= retlen; \
+    } while (0)
+#define SET_UINT_LIST(name, vals, num) do { \
+	int i; \
+	for (i = 0; i < (num); ++i) { \
+	    SET_UINT((vals)[i]); \
+	    if (!len || *str != ':') break; \
+	    ++str; \
+	    --len; \
+	} \
+	if (len > 0) { \
+	    fprintf(stderr, "ignored "name" option: `%.*s'\n", len, str); \
+	} \
+    } while (0)
+#define SET_WHEN_UINT(name, vals, num, req) \
+    if (NAME_MATCH_VALUE(name)) SET_UINT_LIST(name, vals, num);
+
     SET_WHEN("gc_stress", *ruby_initial_gc_stress_ptr, Qtrue);
     SET_WHEN("core", ruby_enable_coredump, 1);
-#if defined _WIN32 && RUBY_MSVCRT_VERSION >= 80
+    SET_WHEN("ci", ruby_on_ci, 1);
+    if (NAME_MATCH_VALUE("rgengc")) {
+	if (!len) ruby_rgengc_debug = 1;
+	else SET_UINT_LIST("rgengc", &ruby_rgengc_debug, 1);
+	return 1;
+    }
+#if defined _WIN32
+# if RUBY_MSVCRT_VERSION >= 80
     SET_WHEN("rtc_error", ruby_w32_rtc_error, 1);
+# endif
 #endif
-    fprintf(stderr, "unexpected debug option: %.*s\n", len, str);
+#if defined _WIN32 || defined __CYGWIN__
+    if (NAME_MATCH_VALUE("codepage")) {
+	if (!len) fprintf(stderr, "missing codepage argument");
+	else SET_UINT_LIST("codepage", ruby_w32_codepage, numberof(ruby_w32_codepage));
+	return 1;
+    }
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+set_debug_option(const char *str, int len, void *arg)
+{
+    if (!ruby_env_debug_option(str, len, arg)) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "unexpected debug option: %.*s\n", len, str);
+    }
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG
+STATIC_ASSERT(USE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG, USE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG ? RUBY_DEVEL : 1);
+#endif
+
+#if RUBY_DEVEL
+static void setup_debug_log(void);
+#else
+#define setup_debug_log()
+#endif
+
 void
 ruby_set_debug_option(const char *str)
 {
     ruby_each_words(str, set_debug_option, 0);
+    setup_debug_log();
+}
+
+#if RUBY_DEVEL
+
+// RUBY_DEBUG_LOG features
+// See vm_debug.h comments for details.
+
+#define MAX_DEBUG_LOG             0x1000
+#define MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN 0x0200
+#define MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER      0x0010
+
+enum ruby_debug_log_mode ruby_debug_log_mode;
+
+static struct {
+    char *mem;
+    unsigned int cnt;
+    char filters[MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER][MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER];
+    unsigned int filters_num;
+    rb_nativethread_lock_t lock;
+    FILE *output;
+} debug_log;
+
+static char *
+RUBY_DEBUG_LOG_MEM_ENTRY(unsigned int index)
+{
+    return &debug_log.mem[MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN * index];
+}
+
+static void
+setup_debug_log(void)
+{
+    // check RUBY_DEBUG_LOG
+    const char *log_config = getenv("RUBY_DEBUG_LOG");
+    if (log_config) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "RUBY_DEBUG_LOG=%s\n", log_config);
+
+        if  (strcmp(log_config, "mem") == 0) {
+            debug_log.mem = (char *)malloc(MAX_DEBUG_LOG * MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN);
+            if (debug_log.mem == NULL) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "setup_debug_log failed (can't allocate memory)\n");
+                exit(1);
+            }
+            ruby_debug_log_mode |= ruby_debug_log_memory;
+        }
+        else if (strcmp(log_config, "stderr") == 0) {
+            ruby_debug_log_mode |= ruby_debug_log_stderr;
+        }
+        else {
+            ruby_debug_log_mode |= ruby_debug_log_file;
+            if ((debug_log.output = fopen(log_config, "w")) == NULL) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "can not open %s for RUBY_DEBUG_LOG\n", log_config);
+                exit(1);
+            }
+            setvbuf(debug_log.output, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
+        }
+
+        rb_nativethread_lock_initialize(&debug_log.lock);
+    }
+
+    // check RUBY_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER
+    const char *filter_config = getenv("RUBY_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER");
+    if (filter_config && strlen(filter_config) > 0) {
+        unsigned int i;
+        for (i=0; i<MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER; i++) {
+            const char *p;
+            if ((p = strchr(filter_config, ',')) == NULL) {
+                if (strlen(filter_config) >= MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER) {
+                    fprintf(stderr, "too long: %s (max:%d)\n", filter_config, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER);
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                strncpy(debug_log.filters[i], filter_config, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER - 1);
+                i++;
+                break;
+            }
+            else {
+                size_t n = p - filter_config;
+                if (n >= MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER) {
+                    fprintf(stderr, "too long: %s (max:%d)\n", filter_config, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER);
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                strncpy(debug_log.filters[i], filter_config, n);
+                filter_config = p+1;
+            }
+        }
+        debug_log.filters_num = i;
+        for (i=0; i<debug_log.filters_num; i++) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "RUBY_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER[%d]=%s\n", i, debug_log.filters[i]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool
+ruby_debug_log_filter(const char *func_name)
+{
+    if (debug_log.filters_num > 0) {
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i<debug_log.filters_num; i++) {
+            if (strstr(func_name, debug_log.filters[i]) != NULL) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    else {
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
+static const char *
+pretty_filename(const char *path)
+{
+    // basename is one idea.
+    const char *s;
+    while ((s = strchr(path, '/')) != NULL) {
+        path = s+1;
+    }
+    return path;
+}
+
+void
+ruby_debug_log(const char *file, int line, const char *func_name, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+    char buff[MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN] = {0};
+    int len = 0;
+    int r = 0;
+
+    // message title
+    if (func_name && len < MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN) {
+        r = snprintf(buff + len, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN, "%s\t", func_name);
+        if (r < 0) rb_bug("ruby_debug_log returns %d\n", r);
+        len += r;
+    }
+
+    // message
+    if (fmt && len < MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN) {
+        va_list args;
+        va_start(args, fmt);
+        r = vsnprintf(buff + len, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN - len, fmt, args);
+        va_end(args);
+        if (r < 0) rb_bug("ruby_debug_log vsnprintf() returns %d", r);
+        len += r;
+    }
+
+    // optional information
+
+    // C location
+    if (file && len < MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN) {
+        r = snprintf(buff + len, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN, "\t%s:%d", pretty_filename(file), line);
+        if (r < 0) rb_bug("ruby_debug_log returns %d\n", r);
+        len += r;
+    }
+
+    // Ruby location
+    int ruby_line;
+    const char *ruby_file = rb_source_location_cstr(&ruby_line);
+    if (len < MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN) {
+        if (ruby_file) {
+            r = snprintf(buff + len, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN - len, "\t%s:%d", pretty_filename(ruby_file), ruby_line);
+        }
+        else {
+            r = snprintf(buff + len, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN - len, "\t");
+        }
+        if (r < 0) rb_bug("ruby_debug_log returns %d\n", r);
+        len += r;
+    }
+
+    // ractor information
+    if (ruby_single_main_ractor == NULL) {
+        rb_ractor_t *cr = GET_RACTOR();
+        if (r && len < MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN) {
+            r = snprintf(buff + len, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN - len, "\tr:#%u/%u",
+                         (unsigned int)rb_ractor_id(cr), GET_VM()->ractor.cnt);
+            if (r < 0) rb_bug("ruby_debug_log returns %d\n", r);
+            len += r;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // thread information
+    if (!rb_thread_alone()) {
+        const rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
+        if (r && len < MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN) {
+            r = snprintf(buff + len, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN - len, "\tth:%p", (void *)th);
+            if (r < 0) rb_bug("ruby_debug_log returns %d\n", r);
+            len += r;
+        }
+    }
+
+    rb_nativethread_lock_lock(&debug_log.lock);
+    {
+        unsigned int cnt = debug_log.cnt++;
+
+        if (ruby_debug_log_mode & ruby_debug_log_memory) {
+            unsigned int index = cnt % MAX_DEBUG_LOG;
+            char *dst = RUBY_DEBUG_LOG_MEM_ENTRY(index);
+            strncpy(dst, buff, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN);
+        }
+        if (ruby_debug_log_mode & ruby_debug_log_stderr) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%4u: %s\n", cnt, buff);
+        }
+        if (ruby_debug_log_mode & ruby_debug_log_file) {
+            fprintf(debug_log.output, "%u\t%s\n", cnt, buff);
+        }
+    }
+    rb_nativethread_lock_unlock(&debug_log.lock);
+}
+
+// for debugger
+static void
+debug_log_dump(FILE *out, unsigned int n)
+{
+    if (ruby_debug_log_mode & ruby_debug_log_memory) {
+        unsigned int size = debug_log.cnt > MAX_DEBUG_LOG ? MAX_DEBUG_LOG : debug_log.cnt;
+        unsigned int current_index = debug_log.cnt % MAX_DEBUG_LOG;
+        if (n == 0) n = size;
+        if (n > size) n = size;
+
+        for (unsigned int i=0; i<n; i++) {
+            int index = current_index - size + i;
+            if (index < 0) index += MAX_DEBUG_LOG;
+            VM_ASSERT(index <= MAX_DEBUG_LOG);
+            const char *mesg = RUBY_DEBUG_LOG_MEM_ENTRY(index);;
+            fprintf(out, "%4u: %s\n", debug_log.cnt - size + i, mesg);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        fprintf(stderr, "RUBY_DEBUG_LOG=mem is not specified.");
+    }
+}
+
+// for debuggers
+
+void
+ruby_debug_log_print(unsigned int n)
+{
+    debug_log_dump(stderr, n);
+}
+
+void
+ruby_debug_log_dump(const char *fname, unsigned int n)
+{
+    FILE *fp = fopen(fname, "w");
+    if (fp == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "can't open %s. give up.\n", fname);
+    }
+    else {
+        debug_log_dump(fp, n);
+        fclose(fp);
+    }
 }
+#endif // #if RUBY_DEVEL
diff --git a/debug_counter.c b/debug_counter.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e7b0bb0acd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debug_counter.c
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+
+  debug_counter.c -
+
+  created at: Tue Feb 21 16:51:18 2017
+
+  Copyright (C) 2017 Koichi Sasada
+
+**********************************************************************/
+
+#include "debug_counter.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include "ruby/thread_native.h"
+
+#if USE_DEBUG_COUNTER
+
+static const char *const debug_counter_names[] = {
+    ""
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(name) #name,
+#include "debug_counter.h"
+#undef RB_DEBUG_COUNTER
+};
+
+MJIT_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
+size_t rb_debug_counter[numberof(debug_counter_names)];
+void rb_debug_counter_add_atomic(enum rb_debug_counter_type type, int add);
+MJIT_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
+
+rb_nativethread_lock_t debug_counter_lock;
+
+__attribute__((constructor))
+static void
+debug_counter_setup(void)
+{
+    rb_nativethread_lock_initialize(&debug_counter_lock);
+}
+
+void
+rb_debug_counter_add_atomic(enum rb_debug_counter_type type, int add)
+{
+    rb_nativethread_lock_lock(&debug_counter_lock);
+    {
+        rb_debug_counter[(int)type] += add;
+    }
+    rb_nativethread_lock_unlock(&debug_counter_lock);
+}
+
+int debug_counter_disable_show_at_exit = 0;
+
+// note that this operation is not atomic.
+void
+ruby_debug_counter_reset(void)
+{
+    for (int i = 0; i < RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_MAX; i++) {
+        switch (i) {
+          case RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_mjit_length_unit_queue:
+          case RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_mjit_length_active_units:
+          case RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_mjit_length_compact_units:
+          case RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_mjit_length_stale_units:
+            // These counters may be decreased and should not be reset.
+            break;
+          default:
+            rb_debug_counter[i] = 0;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// note that this operation is not atomic.
+size_t
+ruby_debug_counter_get(const char **names_ptr, size_t *counters_ptr)
+{
+    int i;
+    if (names_ptr != NULL) {
+        for (i=0; i<RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_MAX; i++) {
+            names_ptr[i] = debug_counter_names[i];
+        }
+    }
+    if (counters_ptr != NULL) {
+        for (i=0; i<RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_MAX; i++) {
+            counters_ptr[i] = rb_debug_counter[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    return RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_MAX;
+}
+
+void
+ruby_debug_counter_show_at_exit(int enable)
+{
+    debug_counter_disable_show_at_exit = !enable;
+}
+
+void
+rb_debug_counter_show_results(const char *msg)
+{
+    const char *env = getenv("RUBY_DEBUG_COUNTER_DISABLE");
+
+    setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "");
+
+    if (env == NULL || strcmp("1", env) != 0) {
+	int i;
+        fprintf(stderr, "[RUBY_DEBUG_COUNTER]\t%d %s\n", getpid(), msg);
+	for (i=0; i<RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_MAX; i++) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "[RUBY_DEBUG_COUNTER]\t%-30s\t%'14"PRIuSIZE"\n",
+		    debug_counter_names[i],
+		    rb_debug_counter[i]);
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_debug_counter_show(RB_UNUSED_VAR(VALUE klass))
+{
+    rb_debug_counter_show_results("show_debug_counters");
+    ruby_debug_counter_show_at_exit(FALSE);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_debug_counter_reset(RB_UNUSED_VAR(VALUE klass))
+{
+    ruby_debug_counter_reset();
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+__attribute__((destructor))
+static void
+debug_counter_show_results_at_exit(void)
+{
+    if (debug_counter_disable_show_at_exit == 0) {
+        rb_debug_counter_show_results("normal exit.");
+    }
+}
+
+#else
+
+void
+rb_debug_counter_show_results(const char *msg)
+{
+}
+
+size_t
+ruby_debug_counter_get(const char **names_ptr, size_t *counters_ptr)
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+void
+ruby_debug_counter_reset(void)
+{
+}
+
+void
+ruby_debug_counter_show_at_exit(int enable)
+{
+}
+
+#endif /* USE_DEBUG_COUNTER */
diff --git a/debug_counter.h b/debug_counter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c20821db6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debug_counter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,461 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+
+  debug_counter.h -
+
+  created at: Tue Feb 21 16:51:18 2017
+
+  Copyright (C) 2017 Koichi Sasada
+
+**********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef USE_DEBUG_COUNTER
+#define USE_DEBUG_COUNTER 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef RB_DEBUG_COUNTER
+
+// method cache (IMC: inline method cache)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_inline_hit)              // IMC hit
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_inline_miss_klass)       // IMC miss by different class
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_inline_miss_invalidated) // IMC miss by invalidated ME
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_inline_miss_empty)       // IMC miss because prev is empty slot
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_inline_miss_same_cc)     // IMC miss, but same CC
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_inline_miss_same_cme)    // IMC miss, but same CME
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_inline_miss_same_def)    // IMC miss, but same definition
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_inline_miss_diff)        // IMC miss, different methods
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_cme_complement)          // number of acquiring complement CME
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_cme_complement_hit)      // number of cache hit for complemented CME
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_search)                  // count for method lookup in class tree
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_search_notfound)         //           method lookup, but not found
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_search_super)            // total traversed classes
+
+// callinfo
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ci_packed)  // number of packed CI
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ci_kw)      //           non-packed CI w/ keywords
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ci_nokw)    //           non-packed CI w/o keywords
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ci_runtime) //           creating temporary CI
+
+// callcache
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_new)        // number of CC
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_temp)       //           dummy CC (stack-allocated)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_found_in_ccs)      // count for CC lookup success in CCS
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_not_found_in_ccs)  // count for CC lookup success in CCS
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_ent_invalidate) // count for invalidating cc (cc->klass = 0)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_cme_invalidate) // count for invalidating CME
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_invalidate_leaf)          // count for invalidating klass if klass has no-sublcasses
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_invalidate_leaf_ccs)      //                        corresponding CCS
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_invalidate_leaf_callable) //                        complimented cache (no-subclasses)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_invalidate_tree)          // count for invalidating klass if klass has sublcasses
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_invalidate_tree_cme)      //                        cme if cme is found in this class or superclasses
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_invalidate_tree_callable) //                        complimented cache (subclasses)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_invalidate_negative)      // count for invalidating negative cache
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccs_free)   // count for free'ing ccs
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccs_maxlen) // maximum length of ccs
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccs_found)      // count for finding corresponding ccs on method lookup
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccs_not_found)  // count for not found corresponding ccs on method lookup
+
+// vm_eval.c
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(call0_public)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(call0_other)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gccct_hit)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gccct_miss)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gccct_null)
+
+// iseq
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(iseq_num)    // number of total created iseq
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(iseq_cd_num) // number of total created cd (call_data)
+
+/*
+ * call cache fastpath usage
+ */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_general)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_iseq_setup)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_iseq_setup_0start)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_iseq_setup_tailcall_0start)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_iseq_fix) /* several functions created with tool/mk_call_iseq_optimized.rb */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_iseq_opt) /* has_opt == TRUE (has optional parameters), but other flags are FALSE */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_iseq_kw1) /* vm_call_iseq_setup_kwparm_kwarg() */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_iseq_kw2) /* vm_call_iseq_setup_kwparm_nokwarg() */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_cfunc)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_cfunc_with_frame)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_ivar) /* attr_reader */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_attrset) /* attr_writer */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_method_missing)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_zsuper)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_bmethod)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_opt_send)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_opt_call)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_opt_block_call)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_super_method)
+
+/*
+ * control frame push counts.
+ *
+ * * frame_push: frame push counts.
+ * * frame_push_*: frame push counts per each type.
+ * * frame_R2R: Ruby frame to Ruby frame
+ * * frame_R2C: Ruby frame to C frame
+ * * frame_C2C: C frame to C frame
+ * * frame_C2R: C frame to Ruby frame
+ */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push_method)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push_block)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push_class)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push_top)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push_cfunc)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push_ifunc)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push_eval)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push_rescue)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push_dummy)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_R2R)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_R2C)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_C2C)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_C2R)
+
+/* instance variable counts
+ *
+ * * ivar_get_ic_hit/miss: ivar_get inline cache (ic) hit/miss counts (VM insn)
+ * * ivar_get_ic_miss_serial: ivar_get ic miss reason by serial (VM insn)
+ * * ivar_get_ic_miss_unset:                      ... by unset (VM insn)
+ * * ivar_get_ic_miss_noobject:                   ... by "not T_OBJECT" (VM insn)
+ * * ivar_set_...: same counts with ivar_set (VM insn)
+ * * ivar_get/set_base: call counts of "rb_ivar_get/set()".
+ *                      because of (1) ic miss.
+ *                                 (2) direct call by C extensions.
+ */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_ic_hit)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_ic_miss)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_ic_miss_serial)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_ic_miss_unset)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_ic_miss_noobject)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_ic_hit)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_ic_miss)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_ic_miss_serial)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_ic_miss_unset)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_ic_miss_iv_hit)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_ic_miss_noobject)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_base)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_base)
+
+/* local variable counts
+ *
+ * * lvar_get: total lvar get counts (VM insn)
+ * * lvar_get_dynamic: lvar get counts if accessing upper env (VM insn)
+ * * lvar_set*: same as "get"
+ * * lvar_set_slowpath: counts using vm_env_write_slowpath()
+ */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(lvar_get)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(lvar_get_dynamic)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(lvar_set)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(lvar_set_dynamic)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(lvar_set_slowpath)
+
+/* GC counts:
+ *
+ * * count: simple count
+ * * _minor: minor gc
+ * * _major: major gc
+ * * other suffix is corresponding to last_gc_info or
+ *   gc_profile_record_flag in gc.c.
+ */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_count)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_minor_newobj)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_minor_malloc)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_minor_method)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_minor_capi)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_minor_stress)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_major_nofree)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_major_oldgen)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_major_shady)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_major_force)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_major_oldmalloc)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_enter_start)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_enter_mark_continue)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_enter_sweep_continue)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_enter_rest)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_enter_finalizer)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_isptr_trial)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_isptr_range)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_isptr_align)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_isptr_maybe)
+
+/* object allocation counts:
+ *
+ * * obj_newobj: newobj counts
+ * * obj_newobj_slowpath: newobj with slowpath counts
+ * * obj_newobj_wb_unprotected: newobj for wb_unprotected.
+ * * obj_free: obj_free() counts
+ * * obj_promote: promoted counts (oldgen)
+ * * obj_wb_unprotect: wb unprotect counts
+ *
+ * * obj_[type]_[attr]: *free'ed counts* for each type.
+ *                      Note that it is not a allocated counts.
+ * * [type]
+ *   * _obj: T_OBJECT
+ *   * _str: T_STRING
+ *   * _ary: T_ARRAY
+ *   * _xxx: T_XXX (hash, struct, ...)
+ *
+ * * [attr]
+ *   * _ptr: R?? is not embed.
+ *   * _embed: R?? is embed.
+ *   * _transient: R?? uses transient heap.
+ * * type specific attr.
+ *   * str_shared: str is shared.
+ *   * str_nofree:        nofree
+ *   * str_fstr:          fstr
+ *   * hash_empty: hash is empty
+ *   * hash_1_4:       has 1 to 4 entries
+ *   * hash_5_8:       has 5 to 8 entries
+ *   * hash_g8:        has n entries (n>8)
+ *   * match_under4:    has under 4 oniguruma regions allocated
+ *   * match_ge4:       has n regions allocated (4<=n<8)
+ *   * match_ge8:       has n regions allocated (8<=n)
+ *   * data_empty: T_DATA but no memory free.
+ *   * data_xfree:        free'ed by xfree().
+ *   * data_imm_free:     free'ed immediately.
+ *   * data_zombie:       free'ed with zombie.
+ *   * imemo_*: T_IMEMO with each type.
+ */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_newobj)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_newobj_slowpath)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_newobj_wb_unprotected)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_free)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_promote)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_wb_unprotect)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_obj_embed)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_obj_transient)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_obj_ptr)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_str_ptr)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_str_embed)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_str_shared)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_str_nofree)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_str_fstr)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_ary_embed)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_ary_transient)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_ary_ptr)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_ary_extracapa)
+/*
+  ary_shared_create: shared ary by Array#dup and so on.
+  ary_shared: finished in shard.
+  ary_shared_root_occupied: shared_root but has only 1 refcnt.
+    The number (ary_shared - ary_shared_root_occupied) is meaningful.
+ */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_ary_shared_create)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_ary_shared)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_ary_shared_root_occupied)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_empty)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_1)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_2)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_3)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_4)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_5_8)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_g8)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_null)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_ar)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_st)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_transient)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_force_convert)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_struct_embed)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_struct_transient)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_struct_ptr)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_data_empty)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_data_xfree)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_data_imm_free)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_data_zombie)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_match_under4)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_match_ge4)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_match_ge8)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_match_ptr)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_iclass_ptr)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_class_ptr)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_module_ptr)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_bignum_ptr)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_bignum_embed)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_float)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_complex)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_rational)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_regexp_ptr)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_file_ptr)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_symbol)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_ment)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_iseq)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_env)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_tmpbuf)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_ast)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_cref)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_svar)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_throw_data)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_ifunc)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_memo)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_parser_strterm)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_callinfo)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_callcache)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_constcache)
+
+/* ar_table */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(artable_hint_hit)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(artable_hint_miss)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(artable_hint_notfound)
+
+/* heap function counts
+ *
+ * * heap_xmalloc/realloc/xfree: call counts
+ */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(heap_xmalloc)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(heap_xrealloc)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(heap_xfree)
+
+/* transient_heap */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(theap_alloc)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(theap_alloc_fail)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(theap_evacuate)
+
+// VM sync
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(vm_sync_lock)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(vm_sync_lock_enter)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(vm_sync_lock_enter_nb)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(vm_sync_lock_enter_cr)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(vm_sync_barrier)
+
+/* mjit_exec() counts */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_exec)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_exec_not_added)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_exec_not_ready)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_exec_not_compiled)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_exec_call_func)
+
+/* MJIT enqueue / unload */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_add_iseq_to_process)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_unload_units)
+
+/* MJIT <-> VM frame push counts */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_frame_VM2VM)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_frame_VM2JT)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_frame_JT2JT)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_frame_JT2VM)
+
+/* MJIT cancel counters */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel_ivar_inline)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel_exivar_inline)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel_send_inline)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel_opt_insn) /* CALL_SIMPLE_METHOD */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel_invalidate_all)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel_leave)
+
+/* rb_mjit_unit_list length */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_length_unit_queue)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_length_active_units)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_length_compact_units)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_length_stale_units)
+
+/* Other MJIT counters */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_compile_failures)
+
+/* load (not implemented yet) */
+/*
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(load_files)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(load_path_is_not_realpath)
+*/
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RUBY_DEBUG_COUNTER_H
+#define RUBY_DEBUG_COUNTER_H 1
+
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
+#include <stddef.h>             /* for size_t */
+#include "ruby/ruby.h"          /* for VALUE */
+
+#if !defined(__GNUC__) && USE_DEBUG_COUNTER
+#error "USE_DEBUG_COUNTER is not supported by other than __GNUC__"
+#endif
+
+enum rb_debug_counter_type {
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(name) RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_##name,
+#include __FILE__
+    RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_MAX
+#undef RB_DEBUG_COUNTER
+};
+
+#if USE_DEBUG_COUNTER
+extern size_t rb_debug_counter[];
+RUBY_EXTERN struct rb_ractor_struct *ruby_single_main_ractor;
+RUBY_EXTERN void rb_debug_counter_add_atomic(enum rb_debug_counter_type type, int add);
+
+inline static int
+rb_debug_counter_add(enum rb_debug_counter_type type, int add, int cond)
+{
+    if (cond) {
+        if (ruby_single_main_ractor != NULL) {
+            rb_debug_counter[(int)type] += add;
+        }
+        else {
+            rb_debug_counter_add_atomic(type, add);
+        }
+    }
+    return cond;
+}
+
+inline static int
+rb_debug_counter_max(enum rb_debug_counter_type type, unsigned int num)
+{
+    // TODO: sync
+    if (rb_debug_counter[(int)type] < num) {
+        rb_debug_counter[(int)type] = num;
+        return 1;
+    }
+    else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+VALUE rb_debug_counter_reset(VALUE klass);
+VALUE rb_debug_counter_show(VALUE klass);
+
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(type)                rb_debug_counter_add(RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_##type, 1, 1)
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC_UNLESS(type, cond) (!rb_debug_counter_add(RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_##type, 1, !(cond)))
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC_IF(type, cond)       rb_debug_counter_add(RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_##type, 1, !!(cond))
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_ADD(type, num)           rb_debug_counter_add(RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_##type, (num), 1)
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_SETMAX(type, num)        rb_debug_counter_max(RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_##type, (unsigned int)(num))
+
+#else
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(type)              ((void)0)
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC_UNLESS(type, cond) (!!(cond))
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC_IF(type, cond)     (!!(cond))
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_ADD(type, num)         ((void)0)
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_SETMAX(type, num)      0
+#endif
+
+void rb_debug_counter_show_results(const char *msg);
+
+RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
+
+size_t ruby_debug_counter_get(const char **names_ptr, size_t *counters_ptr);
+void ruby_debug_counter_reset(void);
+void ruby_debug_counter_show_at_exit(int enable);
+
+RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
+
+#endif /* RUBY_DEBUG_COUNTER_H */
diff --git a/defs/default_gems b/defs/default_gems
deleted file mode 100644
index ce9010910a..0000000000
--- a/defs/default_gems
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-# gem		base directory		versioning file			[executable files under bin]
-rake		lib/rake		lib/rake.rb			[rake]
-rdoc		lib/rdoc		lib/rdoc.rb			[rdoc ri]
-json		ext/json		ext/json/lib/json/version.rb
diff --git a/defs/gmake.mk b/defs/gmake.mk
index f5033b2245..f093fd4e26 100644
--- a/defs/gmake.mk
+++ b/defs/gmake.mk
@@ -1,17 +1,45 @@
-# -*- makefile-gmake -*-
-gnumake = yes
+# -*- mode: makefile-gmake; indent-tabs-mode: t -*-
 
-TEST_TARGETS := $(filter check test check% test% btest%,$(MAKECMDGOALS))
-TEST_TARGETS += $(subst check,test-all,$(patsubst check-%,test-%,$(TEST_TARGETS)))
-TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst test-%,yes-test-%,$(patsubst btest-%,yes-btest-%,$(TEST_TARGETS)))
-TEST_DEPENDS := $(if $(TEST_TARGETS),$(filter all main exts,$(MAKECMDGOALS)))
-TEST_DEPENDS += $(TEST_DEPENDS) $(if $(filter check%,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),main)
-TEST_DEPENDS += $(if $(filter all,$(INSTALLDOC)),docs)
+reconfig config.status: export MAKE:=$(MAKE)
+override gnumake_recursive := $(if $(findstring n,$(firstword $(MFLAGS))),,+)
+override mflags := $(filter-out -j%,$(MFLAGS))
+MSPECOPT += $(if $(filter -j%,$(MFLAGS)),-j)
+nproc = $(subst -j,,$(filter -j%,$(MFLAGS)))
+
+CHECK_TARGETS := great exam love check test check% test% btest%
+# expand test targets, and those dependents
+TEST_TARGETS := $(filter $(CHECK_TARGETS),$(MAKECMDGOALS))
+TEST_DEPENDS := $(filter-out commit $(TEST_TARGETS),$(MAKECMDGOALS))
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst great,exam,$(TEST_TARGETS))
+TEST_DEPENDS := $(filter-out great $(TEST_TARGETS),$(TEST_DEPENDS))
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst exam,check,$(TEST_TARGETS))
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst check,test-spec test-all test-tool test-short,$(TEST_TARGETS))
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst test-rubyspec,test-spec,$(TEST_TARGETS))
+TEST_DEPENDS := $(filter-out exam check test-spec $(TEST_TARGETS),$(TEST_DEPENDS))
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst love,check,$(TEST_TARGETS))
+TEST_DEPENDS := $(filter-out love $(TEST_TARGETS),$(TEST_DEPENDS))
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst test-almost,test-all,$(patsubst check-%,test test-%,$(TEST_TARGETS)))
+TEST_DEPENDS := $(filter-out test-all $(TEST_TARGETS),$(TEST_DEPENDS))
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst test,test-short,$(TEST_TARGETS))
+TEST_DEPENDS := $(filter-out test $(TEST_TARGETS),$(TEST_DEPENDS))
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst test-short,btest-ruby test-knownbug test-basic,$(TEST_TARGETS))
+TEST_DEPENDS := $(filter-out test-short $(TEST_TARGETS),$(TEST_DEPENDS))
+TEST_DEPENDS += $(if $(filter great exam love check,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),all exts)
+
+in-srcdir := $(if $(filter-out .,$(srcdir)),$(CHDIR) $(srcdir) &&)
 
 ifneq ($(filter -O0 -Od,$(optflags)),)
 override XCFLAGS := $(filter-out -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=%,$(XCFLAGS))
 endif
 
+ifeq ($(if $(filter all main exts enc trans libencs libenc libtrans \
+		    prog program ruby ruby$(EXEEXT) \
+		    wprogram rubyw rubyw$(EXEEXT) \
+		    miniruby$(EXEEXT) mini,\
+	     $(MAKECMDGOALS)),,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
+-include $(SHOWFLAGS)
+endif
+
 ifneq ($(filter universal-%,$(arch)),)
 define archcmd
 %.$(1).S: %.c
@@ -27,23 +55,25 @@ define archcmd
 %.i: %.$(1).i
 endef
 
-$(foreach arch,$(filter -arch=%,$(subst -arch ,-arch=,$(ARCH_FLAG))),\
+$(foreach arch,$(arch_flags),\
 	$(eval $(call archcmd,$(patsubst -arch=%,%,$(value arch)),$(patsubst -arch=%,-arch %,$(value arch)))))
 endif
 
-ifneq ($(filter love check% test,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
-yes-test-knownbug: $(TEST_DEPENDS) yes-btest-ruby
-yes-btest-ruby: $(TEST_DEPENDS) yes-test-sample
-yes-test-sample: $(TEST_DEPENDS)
-endif
-ifneq ($(filter love check%,$(MAKECMDGOALS)) $(filter test-all,$(TEST_TARGETS)),)
-yes-test-all yes-test-ruby: $(filter-out %test-all %test-ruby check%,$(TEST_TARGETS))
-endif
-ifneq ($(filter love check%,$(MAKECMDGOALS))$(if $(filter test-all,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),$(filter test-knownbug,$(MAKECMDGOALS))),)
-yes-test-all yes-test-ruby: yes-test-knownbug
+.PHONY: $(addprefix yes-,$(TEST_TARGETS))
+
+ifneq ($(filter-out btest%,$(TEST_TARGETS)),)
+$(addprefix yes-,$(TEST_TARGETS)): $(TEST_DEPENDS)
 endif
 
-$(TEST_TARGETS): $(TEST_DEPENDS)
+ORDERED_TEST_TARGETS := $(filter $(TEST_TARGETS), \
+	btest-ruby test-knownbug test-basic \
+	test-testframework test-tool test-ruby test-all \
+	test-spec test-bundler-prepare test-bundler test-bundler-parallel \
+	)
+prev_test := $(if $(filter test-spec,$(ORDERED_TEST_TARGETS)),test-spec-precheck)
+$(foreach test,$(ORDERED_TEST_TARGETS), \
+	$(eval yes-$(value test) no-$(value test): $(value prev_test)); \
+	$(eval prev_test := $(value test)))
 
 ifneq ($(if $(filter install,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),$(filter uninstall,$(MAKECMDGOALS))),)
 install-targets := $(filter install uninstall,$(MAKECMDGOALS))
@@ -57,7 +87,310 @@ endif
 
 ifneq ($(filter love,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
 showflags: up
-sudo-precheck: test
+sudo-precheck: test yes-test-testframework no-test-testframework
 install-prereq: sudo-precheck
 yes-test-all no-test-all: install
 endif
+yes-test-bundler-parallel: PARALLELRSPECOPTS += $(if $(nproc),-n$(shell expr $(nproc) + $(nproc) / 2))
+
+# Cross reference needs to parse all files at once
+love install reinstall: RDOCFLAGS = --force-update
+
+$(srcdir)/missing/des_tables.c: $(srcdir)/missing/crypt.c
+ifeq ($(if $(filter yes,$(CROSS_COMPILING)),,$(CC)),)
+	touch $@
+else
+	@$(ECHO) building make_des_table
+	$(CC) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -DDUMP $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) $(LIBS) -omake_des_table $(srcdir)/missing/crypt.c
+	@[ -x ./make_des_table ]
+	@$(ECHO) generating $@
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	$(Q) ./make_des_table > $@.new
+	$(Q) mv $@.new $@
+	$(Q) $(RMALL) make_des_table*
+endif
+
+config.status: $(wildcard config.cache)
+
+STUBPROGRAM = rubystub$(EXEEXT)
+IGNOREDPATTERNS = %~ .% %.orig %.rej \#%\#
+SCRIPTBINDIR := $(if $(EXEEXT),,exec/)
+SCRIPTPROGRAMS = $(addprefix $(SCRIPTBINDIR),$(addsuffix $(EXEEXT),$(filter-out $(IGNOREDPATTERNS),$(notdir $(wildcard $(srcdir)/libexec/*)))))
+
+stub: $(STUBPROGRAM)
+scriptbin: $(SCRIPTPROGRAMS)
+ifneq ($(STUBPROGRAM),rubystub)
+rubystub: $(STUBPROGRAM)
+endif
+
+$(SCRIPTPROGRAMS): $(STUBPROGRAM)
+
+$(STUBPROGRAM): rubystub.$(OBJEXT) $(LIBRUBY) $(MAINOBJ) $(OBJS) $(EXTOBJS) $(SETUP) $(PREP)
+
+rubystub$(EXEEXT):
+	@rm -f $@
+	$(ECHO) linking $@
+	$(Q) $(PURIFY) $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) rubystub.$(OBJEXT) $(EXTOBJS) $(LIBRUBYARG) $(MAINLIBS) $(LIBS) $(EXTLIBS) $(OUTFLAG)$@
+	$(Q) $(POSTLINK)
+	$(if $(STRIP),$(Q) $(STRIP) $@)
+
+$(SCRIPTBINDIR)%$(EXEEXT): bin/% $(STUBPROGRAM) \
+			   $(if $(SCRIPTBINDIR),$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.exec.time)
+	$(ECHO) generating $@
+	$(Q) { cat $(STUBPROGRAM); echo; sed -e '1{' -e '/^#!.*ruby/!i\' -e '#!/bin/ruby' -e '}' $<; } > $@
+	$(Q) chmod +x $@
+	$(Q) $(POSTLINK)
+
+$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.exec.time:
+	$(Q) mkdir exec
+	$(Q) exit > $@
+
+.PHONY: commit
+commit: $(if $(filter commit,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),$(filter-out commit,$(MAKECMDGOALS))) up
+	@$(BASERUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" -I./tool/lib -rvcs -e 'VCS.detect(".").commit'
+	+$(Q) \
+	{ \
+	  $(in-srcdir) \
+	  exec sed -f tool/prereq.status defs/gmake.mk template/Makefile.in common.mk; \
+	} | \
+	$(MAKE) $(mflags) Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) srcdir="$(srcdir)" srcs_vpath="" CHDIR="$(CHDIR)" \
+		BOOTSTRAPRUBY="$(BOOTSTRAPRUBY)" MINIRUBY="$(BASERUBY)" BASERUBY="$(BASERUBY)" \
+		VCSUP="" ENC_MK=.top-enc.mk REVISION_FORCE=PHONY CONFIGURE="$(CONFIGURE)" -f - \
+		update-src srcs all-incs
+
+GITHUB_RUBY_URL = https://github.com/ruby/ruby
+PR =
+
+COMMIT_GPG_SIGN = $(shell git -C "$(srcdir)" config commit.gpgsign)
+REMOTE_GITHUB_URL = $(shell git -C "$(srcdir)" config remote.github.url)
+COMMITS_NOTES = commits
+
+.PHONY: fetch-github
+fetch-github:
+	$(call fetch-github,$(PR))
+
+define fetch-github
+	$(if $(1),,\
+	  echo "usage:"; echo "  make $@ PR=1234"; \
+	  exit 1; \
+	)
+	$(eval REMOTE_GITHUB_URL := $(REMOTE_GITHUB_URL))
+	$(if $(REMOTE_GITHUB_URL),, \
+	  echo adding $(GITHUB_RUBY_URL) as remote github; \
+	  git -C "$(srcdir)" remote add github $(GITHUB_RUBY_URL); \
+	  git -C "$(srcdir)" config --add remote.github.fetch +refs/notes/$(COMMITS_NOTES):refs/notes/$(COMMITS_NOTES)
+	  $(eval REMOTE_GITHUB_URL := $(GITHUB_RUBY_URL)) \
+	)
+	$(if $(git -C "$(srcdir)" rev-parse "github/pull/$(1)/head" -- 2> /dev/null), \
+	    git -C "$(srcdir)" branch -f "gh-$(1)" "github/pull/$(1)/head", \
+	    git -C "$(srcdir)" fetch -f github "pull/$(1)/head:gh-$(1)" \
+	)
+endef
+
+.PHONY: checkout-github
+checkout-github: fetch-github
+	git -C "$(srcdir)" checkout "gh-$(PR)"
+
+.PHONY: update-github
+update-github: fetch-github
+	$(eval PULL_REQUEST_API := https://api.github.com/repos/ruby/ruby/pulls/$(PR))
+	$(eval PULL_REQUEST_FORK_BRANCH := $(shell \
+	  curl -s $(if $(GITHUB_TOKEN),-H "Authorization: bearer $(GITHUB_TOKEN)") $(PULL_REQUEST_API) | \
+	  $(BASERUBY) -rjson -e 'JSON.parse(STDIN.read)["head"].tap { |h| print "#{h["repo"]["full_name"]} #{h["ref"]}" }' \
+	))
+	$(eval FORK_REPO := $(word 1,$(PULL_REQUEST_FORK_BRANCH)))
+	$(eval PR_BRANCH := $(word 2,$(PULL_REQUEST_FORK_BRANCH)))
+
+	$(eval GITHUB_UPDATE_WORKTREE := $(shell mktemp -d "$(srcdir)/gh-$(PR)-XXXXXX"))
+	git -C "$(srcdir)" worktree add $(notdir $(GITHUB_UPDATE_WORKTREE)) "gh-$(PR)"
+	git -C "$(GITHUB_UPDATE_WORKTREE)" merge master --no-edit
+	@$(BASERUBY) -e 'print "Are you sure to push this to PR=$(PR)? [Y/n]: "; exit(gets.chomp != "n")'
+	git -C "$(srcdir)" remote add fork-$(PR) git@github.com:$(FORK_REPO).git
+	git -C "$(GITHUB_UPDATE_WORKTREE)" push fork-$(PR) gh-$(PR):$(PR_BRANCH)
+	git -C "$(srcdir)" remote rm fork-$(PR)
+	git -C "$(srcdir)" worktree remove $(notdir $(GITHUB_UPDATE_WORKTREE))
+	git -C "$(srcdir)" branch -D gh-$(PR)
+
+.PHONY: pull-github
+pull-github: fetch-github
+	$(call pull-github,$(PR))
+
+define pull-github
+	$(eval GITHUB_MERGE_BASE := $(shell git -C "$(srcdir)" log -1 --format=format:%H))
+	$(eval GITHUB_MERGE_BRANCH := $(shell git -C "$(srcdir)" symbolic-ref --short HEAD))
+	$(eval GITHUB_MERGE_WORKTREE := $(shell mktemp -d "$(srcdir)/gh-$(1)-XXXXXX"))
+	git -C "$(srcdir)" worktree add $(notdir $(GITHUB_MERGE_WORKTREE)) "gh-$(1)"
+	git -C "$(GITHUB_MERGE_WORKTREE)" rebase $(GITHUB_MERGE_BRANCH)
+	$(eval COMMIT_GPG_SIGN := $(COMMIT_GPG_SIGN))
+	$(if $(filter true,$(COMMIT_GPG_SIGN)), \
+	  git -C "$(GITHUB_MERGE_WORKTREE)" rebase --exec "git commit --amend --no-edit -S" "$(GITHUB_MERGE_BASE)"; \
+	)
+	git -C "$(GITHUB_MERGE_WORKTREE)" rebase --exec "git notes add --message 'Merged: $(GITHUB_RUBY_URL)/pull/$(1)'" "$(GITHUB_MERGE_BASE)"
+endef
+
+.PHONY: fetch-github-%
+fetch-github-%:
+	$(call fetch-github,$*)
+
+.PHONY: checkout-github-%
+checkout-github-%: fetch-github-%
+	git -C "$(srcdir)" checkout "gh-$*"
+
+.PHONY: pr-% pull-github-%
+pr-% pull-github-%: fetch-github-%
+	$(call pull-github,$*)
+
+HELP_EXTRA_TASKS = \
+	"  checkout-github:     checkout GitHub Pull Request [PR=1234]" \
+	"  pull-github:         rebase GitHub Pull Request to new worktree [PR=1234]" \
+	"  update-github:       merge master branch and push it to Pull Request [PR=1234]" \
+	""
+
+extract-gems: $(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=update-gems)
+
+bundled-gems := $(shell sed '/^[ 	]*\#/d;/^[ 	]*$$/d;s/[ 	][ 	]*/-/;s/[ 	].*//' $(srcdir)/gems/bundled_gems)
+
+update-gems: | $(patsubst %,gems/%.gem,$(bundled-gems))
+
+test-bundler-precheck: | $(srcdir)/.bundle/cache
+
+$(srcdir)/.bundle/cache:
+	$(MAKEDIRS) $(@D) $(CACHE_DIR)
+	$(LN_S) ../.downloaded-cache $@
+
+gems/%.gem:
+	$(ECHO) Downloading bundled gem $*...
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" \
+	    -I./tool -rdownloader \
+	    -e 'gem = "$(@F)"' \
+	    -e 'old = Dir.glob("gems/"+gem.sub(/-[^-]*$$/, "-*.gem"))' \
+	    -e 'Downloader::RubyGems.download(gem, "gems", nil) and' \
+	    -e '(old.delete("gems/#{gem}"); !old.empty?) and' \
+	    -e 'File.unlink(*old) and' \
+	    -e 'FileUtils.rm_rf(old.map{'"|n|"'n.chomp(".gem")})'
+
+extract-gems: | $(patsubst %,.bundle/gems/%,$(bundled-gems))
+
+.bundle/gems/%: gems/%.gem | .bundle/gems
+	$(ECHO) Extracting bundle gem $*...
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" \
+	    -Itool -rgem-unpack \
+	    -e 'Gem.unpack("gems/$(@F).gem", ".bundle/gems")'
+
+$(srcdir)/.bundle/gems:
+	$(MAKEDIRS) $@
+
+ifneq ($(filter update-bundled_gems refresh-gems,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
+update-gems: update-bundled_gems
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(filter 0 1,$(words $(arch_flags))),)
+$(foreach x,$(patsubst -arch=%,%,$(arch_flags)), \
+	  $(eval $$(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)-$(value x).h \
+		 $$(MJIT_MIN_HEADER:.h=)-$(value x).h \
+		 $$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$$(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)-$(value x).time \
+		 : ARCH_FLAG := -arch $(value x)))
+
+$(foreach x,$(patsubst -arch=%,%,$(arch_flags)), \
+	$(eval $$(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)-$(value x).h: \
+		$$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$$(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)-$(value x).time))
+
+mjit_min_headers := $(patsubst -arch=%,$(MJIT_MIN_HEADER:.h=-%.h),$(arch_flags))
+$(MJIT_MIN_HEADER): $(mjit_min_headers) $(PREP)
+	@ set -e; set $(patsubst -arch=%,%,$(arch_flags)); \
+	cd $(@D); h=$(@F:.h=); \
+	exec > $(@F).new; \
+	echo '#if 0'; \
+	for arch; do\
+	  echo "#elif defined __$${arch}__"; \
+	  echo "# include \"$$h-$$arch.h\""; \
+	done; \
+	echo "#else"; echo "# error unsupported platform"; echo "#endif"
+	$(IFCHANGE) $@ $@.new
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(MJIT_HEADER_INSTALL_DIR)
+	$(Q) $(MAKE_LINK) $@ $(MJIT_HEADER_INSTALL_DIR)/$(@F)
+
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(if $(wildcard $(filter-out .,$(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES))),,\
+	   $(wildcard $(srcdir)/lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb)),)
+# Needs the dependency when any Unicode data file exists, or
+# normalization tables script doesn't.  Otherwise, when the target
+# only exists, use it as-is.
+.PHONY: $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/.unicode-tables.time
+UNICODE_TABLES_TIMESTAMP =
+$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/.unicode-tables.time: \
+	$(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES)
+endif
+
+REVISION_IN_HEADER := $(shell sed -n 's/^\#define RUBY_FULL_REVISION "\(.*\)"/\1/p' $(srcdir)/revision.h 2>/dev/null)
+REVISION_LATEST := $(shell $(CHDIR) $(srcdir) && git log -1 --format=%H 2>/dev/null)
+ifneq ($(REVISION_IN_HEADER),$(REVISION_LATEST))
+# GNU make treat the target as unmodified when its dependents get
+# updated but it is not updated, while others may not.
+$(srcdir)/revision.h: $(REVISION_H)
+endif
+
+# Query on the generated rdoc
+#
+#   $ make rdoc:Integer#+
+rdoc\:%: PHONY
+	$(Q)$(RUNRUBY) $(srcdir)/libexec/ri --no-standard-docs --doc-dir=$(RDOCOUT) $(patsubst rdoc:%,%,$@)
+
+test_%.rb test/%: programs PHONY
+	$(Q)$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(TESTSDIR)/runner.rb" --ruby="$(RUNRUBY)" $(TEST_EXCLUDES) $(TESTOPTS) -- $(patsubst test/%,%,$@)
+
+spec/bundler/%: PHONY
+	$(Q)$(exec) $(XRUBY) -C $(srcdir) -Ispec/bundler .bundle/bin/rspec --require spec_helper $(RSPECOPTS) $@
+
+spec/bundler: test-bundler-parallel
+	$(Q)$(NULLCMD)
+
+spec/%: programs exts PHONY
+	$(RUNRUBY) -r./$(arch)-fake $(srcdir)/spec/mspec/bin/mspec-run -B $(srcdir)/spec/default.mspec $(SPECOPTS) $(patsubst %,$(srcdir)/%,$@)
+
+benchmark/%: miniruby$(EXEEXT) update-benchmark-driver PHONY
+	$(Q)$(BASERUBY) -rrubygems -I$(srcdir)/benchmark/lib $(srcdir)/benchmark/benchmark-driver/exe/benchmark-driver \
+	            --executables="compare-ruby::$(COMPARE_RUBY) -I$(EXTOUT)/common --disable-gem" \
+	            --executables="built-ruby::$(BENCH_RUBY) --disable-gem" \
+	            $(srcdir)/$@ $(BENCH_OPTS) $(OPTS)
+
+clean-srcs-ext::
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(patsubst $(srcdir)/%,%,$(EXT_SRCS))
+
+clean-srcs-extra::
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(patsubst $(srcdir)/%,%,$(EXTRA_SRCS))
+
+ifneq ($(filter $(VCS),git),)
+update-src::
+	@$(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/lib/colorize.rb pass "Latest commit hash = $(shell $(filter-out svn,$(VCS)) -C $(srcdir) rev-parse --short=10 HEAD)"
+endif
+
+# Update dependencies and commit the updates to the current branch.
+update-deps:
+	$(eval update_deps := $(shell date +update-deps-%Y%m%d))
+	$(eval deps_dir := $(shell mktemp -d)/$(update_deps))
+	$(eval GIT_DIR := $(shell git -C $(srcdir) rev-parse --absolute-git-dir))
+	git --git-dir=$(GIT_DIR) worktree add $(deps_dir)
+	cp $(tooldir)/config.guess $(tooldir)/config.sub $(deps_dir)/tool
+	[ -f config.status ] && cp config.status $(deps_dir)
+	cd $(deps_dir) && autoconf && \
+	exec ./configure -q -C --enable-load-relative --disable-install-doc --disable-rubygems 'optflags=-O0' 'debugflags=-save-temps=obj -g'
+	$(RUNRUBY) -C $(deps_dir) tool/update-deps --fix
+	git -C $(deps_dir) diff --no-ext-diff --ignore-submodules --exit-code || \
+	    git -C $(deps_dir) commit --all --message='Update dependencies'
+	git --git-dir=$(GIT_DIR) worktree remove $(deps_dir)
+	$(RMDIR) $(dir $(deps_dir))
+	git --git-dir=$(GIT_DIR) merge --no-edit --ff-only $(update_deps)
+	git --git-dir=$(GIT_DIR) branch --delete $(update_deps)
+
+# order-only-prerequisites doesn't work for $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)
+# because the same named directory exists in the source tree.
+$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/%.$(DLEXT): $(srcdir)/$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/%.c $(srcdir)/$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/rubyspec.h $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) $(LIBRUBY_SO)
+	$(ECHO) building $@
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	$(Q) $(DLDSHARED) $(XDLDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) $(ARCH_FLAG) $(ARCH_FLAG) $(CFLAGS) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(OUTFLAG)$@ $< $(LIBRUBY_SO)
+	$(Q) $(RMALL) $@.*
+
+rubyspec-capiext: $(patsubst %.c,$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/%.$(DLEXT),$(notdir $(wildcard $(srcdir)/$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/*.c)))
+	@ $(NULLCMD)
diff --git a/defs/id.def b/defs/id.def
index d4cd5e77de..fc7a04ffbc 100644
--- a/defs/id.def
+++ b/defs/id.def
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 # -*- mode: ruby; coding: us-ascii -*-
 firstline, predefined = __LINE__+1, %[\
+  max
+  min
   freeze
+  nil?
   inspect
   intern
   object_id
@@ -36,13 +39,37 @@ firstline, predefined = __LINE__+1, %[\
   to_a
   to_s
   to_i
+  to_f
+  to_r
   bt
   bt_locations
   call
   mesg
   exception
+  locals
+  not                                                   NOT
+  and                                                   AND
+  or                                                    OR
+  div
+  divmod
+  fdiv
+  quo
+  name
+  nil
 
   _                                                     UScore
+
+  # MUST be successive
+  _1  NUMPARAM_1
+  _2  NUMPARAM_2
+  _3  NUMPARAM_3
+  _4  NUMPARAM_4
+  _5  NUMPARAM_5
+  _6  NUMPARAM_6
+  _7  NUMPARAM_7
+  _8  NUMPARAM_8
+  _9  NUMPARAM_9
+
   "/*NULL*/"                                            NULL
   empty?
   eql?
@@ -56,10 +83,53 @@ firstline, predefined = __LINE__+1, %[\
   core#define_method
   core#define_singleton_method
   core#set_postexe
-  core#hash_from_ary
-  core#hash_merge_ary
   core#hash_merge_ptr
   core#hash_merge_kwd
+  core#raise
+
+  -                                                     debug#created_info
+
+  $_                                                    LASTLINE
+  $~                                                    BACKREF
+  $!                                                    ERROR_INFO
+]
+
+# VM ID         OP      Parser Token
+token_ops = %[\
+  Dot2          ..      DOT2
+  Dot3          ...     DOT3
+  BDot2         ..      BDOT2
+  BDot3         ...     BDOT3
+  UPlus         +@      UPLUS
+  UMinus        -@      UMINUS
+  Pow           **      POW
+  Cmp           <=>     CMP
+  PLUS          +
+  MINUS         -
+  MULT          *
+  DIV           /
+  MOD           %
+  LTLT          <<      LSHFT
+  GTGT          >>      RSHFT
+  LT            <
+  LE            <=      LEQ
+  GT            >
+  GE            >=      GEQ
+  Eq            ==      EQ
+  Eqq           ===     EQQ
+  Neq           !=      NEQ
+  Not           !
+  And           &
+  Or            |
+  Backquote     `
+  EqTilde       =~      MATCH
+  NeqTilde      !~      NMATCH
+  AREF          []
+  ASET          []=
+  COLON2        ::
+  ANDOP         &&
+  OROP          ||
+  ANDDOT        &.
 ]
 
 class KeywordError < RuntimeError
@@ -76,6 +146,7 @@ global_ids = []
 const_ids = []
 class_ids = []
 attrset_ids = []
+token_op_ids = []
 names = {}
 predefined.split(/^/).each_with_index do |line, num|
   next if /^#/ =~ line
@@ -92,6 +163,10 @@ predefined.split(/^/).each_with_index do |line, num|
     token.sub!(/\A@/, "_I_")
     token.gsub!(/\W+/, "")
   end
+  if name == '-'
+    preserved_ids << token
+    next
+  end
   if prev = names[name]
     KeywordError.raise("#{name} is already registered at line #{prev+firstline}", firstline+num)
   end
@@ -102,7 +177,7 @@ predefined.split(/^/).each_with_index do |line, num|
   case name
   when /\A[A-Z]\w*\z/; const_ids
   when /\A(?!\d)\w+\z/; local_ids
-  when /\A\$(?:\d+|(?!\d)\w+)\z/; global_ids
+  when /\A\$(?:\d+|(?!\d)\w+|\W)\z/; global_ids
   when /\A@@(?!\d)\w+\z/; class_ids
   when /\A@(?!\d)\w+\z/; instance_ids
   when /\A((?!\d)\w+)=\z/; attrset_ids
@@ -110,6 +185,14 @@ predefined.split(/^/).each_with_index do |line, num|
   end << token
   predefined_ids[token] = name
 end
+token_ops.split(/^/).each do |line|
+  next if /^#/ =~ line
+  line.sub!(/\s+#.*/, '')
+  id, op, token = line.split
+  next unless id and op
+  token ||= (id unless /\A\W\z/ =~ op)
+  token_op_ids << [id, op, token]
+end
 {
   "LOCAL" => local_ids,
   "INSTANCE" => instance_ids,
@@ -119,4 +202,5 @@ end
   "ATTRSET" => attrset_ids,
   :preserved => preserved_ids,
   :predefined => predefined_ids,
+  :token_op => token_op_ids,
 }
diff --git a/defs/keywords b/defs/keywords
index 0d4d70b8cf..fc30ec2d15 100644
--- a/defs/keywords
+++ b/defs/keywords
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 %{
-struct kwtable {const char *name; int id[2]; enum lex_state_e state;};
+struct kwtable {short name, id[2], state;};
 const struct kwtable *rb_reserved_word(const char *, unsigned int);
 #ifndef RIPPER
-static const struct kwtable *reserved_word(const char *, unsigned int);
+static const struct kwtable *reserved_word(/*!ANSI{*/const char *, unsigned int/*}!ANSI*/);
 #define rb_reserved_word(str, len) reserved_word(str, len)
 %}
 
diff --git a/defs/known_errors.def b/defs/known_errors.def
index b9c490d3a2..e9694cfbda 100644
--- a/defs/known_errors.def
+++ b/defs/known_errors.def
@@ -1,148 +1,157 @@
-EPERM
-ENOENT
-ESRCH
-EINTR
-EIO
-ENXIO
 E2BIG
-ENOEXEC
-EBADF
-ECHILD
-EAGAIN
-ENOMEM
 EACCES
-EFAULT
-ENOTBLK
-EBUSY
-EEXIST
-EXDEV
-ENODEV
-ENOTDIR
-EISDIR
-EINVAL
-ENFILE
-EMFILE
-ENOTTY
-ETXTBSY
-EFBIG
-ENOSPC
-ESPIPE
-EROFS
-EMLINK
-EPIPE
-EDOM
-ERANGE
-EDEADLK
-ENAMETOOLONG
-ENOLCK
-ENOSYS
-ENOTEMPTY
-ELOOP
-EWOULDBLOCK
-ENOMSG
-EIDRM
-ECHRNG
-EL2NSYNC
-EL3HLT
-EL3RST
-ELNRNG
-EUNATCH
-ENOCSI
-EL2HLT
+EADDRINUSE
+EADDRNOTAVAIL
+EADV
+EAFNOSUPPORT
+EAGAIN
+EALREADY
+EAUTH
+EBADARCH
 EBADE
+EBADEXEC
+EBADF
+EBADFD
+EBADMACHO
+EBADMSG
 EBADR
-EXFULL
-ENOANO
+EBADRPC
 EBADRQC
 EBADSLT
-EDEADLOCK
 EBFONT
-ENOSTR
-ENODATA
-ETIME
-ENOSR
-ENONET
-ENOPKG
-EREMOTE
-ENOLINK
-EADV
-ESRMNT
+EBUSY
+ECANCELED
+ECAPMODE
+ECHILD
+ECHRNG
 ECOMM
-EPROTO
-EMULTIHOP
-EDOTDOT
-EBADMSG
-EOVERFLOW
-ENOTUNIQ
-EBADFD
-EREMCHG
-ELIBACC
-ELIBBAD
-ELIBSCN
-ELIBMAX
-ELIBEXEC
-EILSEQ
-ERESTART
-ESTRPIPE
-EUSERS
-ENOTSOCK
-EDESTADDRREQ
-EMSGSIZE
-EPROTOTYPE
-ENOPROTOOPT
-EPROTONOSUPPORT
-ESOCKTNOSUPPORT
-EOPNOTSUPP
-EPFNOSUPPORT
-EAFNOSUPPORT
-EADDRINUSE
-EADDRNOTAVAIL
-ENETDOWN
-ENETUNREACH
-ENETRESET
 ECONNABORTED
-ECONNRESET
-ENOBUFS
-EISCONN
-ENOTCONN
-ESHUTDOWN
-ETOOMANYREFS
-ETIMEDOUT
 ECONNREFUSED
+ECONNRESET
+EDEADLK
+EDEADLOCK
+EDESTADDRREQ
+EDEVERR
+EDOM
+EDOOFUS
+EDOTDOT
+EDQUOT
+EEXIST
+EFAULT
+EFBIG
+EFTYPE
 EHOSTDOWN
 EHOSTUNREACH
-EALREADY
+EHWPOISON
+EIDRM
+EILSEQ
 EINPROGRESS
-ESTALE
-EUCLEAN
-ENOTNAM
-ENAVAIL
+EINTR
+EINVAL
+EIO
+EIPSEC
+EISCONN
+EISDIR
 EISNAM
-EREMOTEIO
-EDQUOT
-ECANCELED
 EKEYEXPIRED
 EKEYREJECTED
 EKEYREVOKED
+EL2HLT
+EL2NSYNC
+EL3HLT
+EL3RST
+ELAST
+ELIBACC
+ELIBBAD
+ELIBEXEC
+ELIBMAX
+ELIBSCN
+ELNRNG
+ELOOP
 EMEDIUMTYPE
+EMFILE
+EMLINK
+EMSGSIZE
+EMULTIHOP
+ENAMETOOLONG
+ENAVAIL
+ENEEDAUTH
+ENETDOWN
+ENETRESET
+ENETUNREACH
+ENFILE
+ENOANO
+ENOATTR
+ENOBUFS
+ENOCSI
+ENODATA
+ENODEV
+ENOENT
+ENOEXEC
 ENOKEY
+ENOLCK
+ENOLINK
 ENOMEDIUM
+ENOMEM
+ENOMSG
+ENONET
+ENOPKG
+ENOPOLICY
+ENOPROTOOPT
+ENOSPC
+ENOSR
+ENOSTR
+ENOSYS
+ENOTBLK
+ENOTCAPABLE
+ENOTCONN
+ENOTDIR
+ENOTEMPTY
+ENOTNAM
 ENOTRECOVERABLE
-EOWNERDEAD
-ERFKILL
-EAUTH
-EBADRPC
-EDOOFUS
-EFTYPE
-ENEEDAUTH
-ENOATTR
+ENOTSOCK
 ENOTSUP
+ENOTTY
+ENOTUNIQ
+ENXIO
+EOPNOTSUPP
+EOVERFLOW
+EOWNERDEAD
+EPERM
+EPFNOSUPPORT
+EPIPE
 EPROCLIM
 EPROCUNAVAIL
 EPROGMISMATCH
 EPROGUNAVAIL
+EPROTO
+EPROTONOSUPPORT
+EPROTOTYPE
+EPWROFF
+EQFULL
+ERANGE
+EREMCHG
+EREMOTE
+EREMOTEIO
+ERESTART
+ERFKILL
+EROFS
 ERPCMISMATCH
-EIPSEC
-EHWPOISON
-ECAPMODE
-ENOTCAPABLE
+ESHLIBVERS
+ESHUTDOWN
+ESOCKTNOSUPPORT
+ESPIPE
+ESRCH
+ESRMNT
+ESTALE
+ESTRPIPE
+ETIME
+ETIMEDOUT
+ETOOMANYREFS
+ETXTBSY
+EUCLEAN
+EUNATCH
+EUSERS
+EWOULDBLOCK
+EXDEV
+EXFULL
diff --git a/defs/lex.c.src b/defs/lex.c.src
index 0d4d70b8cf..fc30ec2d15 100644
--- a/defs/lex.c.src
+++ b/defs/lex.c.src
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 %{
-struct kwtable {const char *name; int id[2]; enum lex_state_e state;};
+struct kwtable {short name, id[2], state;};
 const struct kwtable *rb_reserved_word(const char *, unsigned int);
 #ifndef RIPPER
-static const struct kwtable *reserved_word(const char *, unsigned int);
+static const struct kwtable *reserved_word(/*!ANSI{*/const char *, unsigned int/*}!ANSI*/);
 #define rb_reserved_word(str, len) reserved_word(str, len)
 %}
 
diff --git a/defs/opt_insn_unif.def b/defs/opt_insn_unif.def
index 1ac613dbea..31ae2eb6a1 100644
--- a/defs/opt_insn_unif.def
+++ b/defs/opt_insn_unif.def
@@ -8,12 +8,10 @@ __END__
 putobject putobject
 putobject putstring
 putobject setlocal
-putobject setdynamic
 
 putstring putstring
 putstring putobject
 putstring setlocal
-putstring setdynamic
 
 # putnil end
 
diff --git a/defs/separated_version.mk b/defs/separated_version.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..72ee093da7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/defs/separated_version.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# ******** FOR DEVELEPERS ONLY ********
+# Separate version.o into a shared library which varies every
+# revisions, in order to make the rest shareable.
+
+include $(firstword $(wildcard GNUmakefile Makefile))
+
+ifneq ($(filter @executable_path/%,$(DLDFLAGS)),)
+RUBY_VERSION_SO = $(subst ruby,ruby_version,$(LIBRUBY_SO))
+RUBY_VERSION_DLDFLAGS := $(patsubst @executable_path/%/$(LIBRUBY_SO),@loader_path/$(RUBY_VERSION_SO),$(DLDFLAGS)) -exported_symbol=Init_version
+else ifneq ($(findstring -soname,$(DLDFLAGS)),)
+RUBY_VERSION_SO = $(subst ruby,ruby_version,$(LIBRUBY_SO))
+RUBY_VERSION_DLDFLAGS := $(subst ruby,ruby_version,$(DLDFLAGS)) -Wl,-rpath-link,'$${ORIGIN}'
+else
+ERROR
+endif
+
+ifneq ($(RUBY_VERSION_SO),)
+
+version.$(OBJEXT): XCFLAGS := $(subst -fvisibility=hidden,,$(XCFLAGS))
+
+MINIOBJS += version.$(OBJEXT)
+DLDOBJS += $(RUBY_VERSION_SO)
+LIBRUBYARG_SHARED := -lruby_version $(LIBRUBYARG_SHARED)
+$(LIBRUBY_SO): COMMONOBJS := $(filter-out version.$(OBJEXT),$(COMMONOBJS))
+$(LIBRUBY_A): COMMONOBJS := $(sort version.$(OBJEXT) $(COMMONOBJS))
+
+$(LIBRUBY_SO): $(RUBY_VERSION_SO)
+
+$(RUBY_VERSION_SO): version.$(OBJEXT)
+	$(ECHO) linking shared-library $@
+	$(LDSHARED) $(RUBY_VERSION_DLDFLAGS) version.$(OBJEXT) $(OUTFLAG)$@
+	-$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) -e 'ARGV.each{|link|' \
+		-e   'File.delete link rescue nil' \
+		-e   'File.symlink "$(RUBY_VERSION_SO)", link' \
+		-e '}' \
+		$(subst ruby,ruby_version,$(LIBRUBY_ALIASES)) || true
+
+endif
diff --git a/defs/universal.mk b/defs/universal.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c34a31b356
--- /dev/null
+++ b/defs/universal.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+arch_flags := $(filter -arch=%,$(subst -arch ,-arch=,$(ARCH_FLAG)))
+ifeq ($(filter 0 1,$(words $(arch_flags))),)
+override MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX = -%
+override MJIT_HEADER_ARCH = -$(word 2,$(ARCH_FLAG))
+endif
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 84413c6b57..c19ef637a1 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#include "internal.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
 
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 
@@ -20,6 +22,24 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #endif
 
+#ifndef O_CLOEXEC
+#  define O_CLOEXEC 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef USE_OPENDIR_AT
+# if defined(HAVE_FDOPENDIR) && defined(HAVE_DIRFD) && \
+    defined(HAVE_OPENAT) && defined(HAVE_FSTATAT)
+#   define USE_OPENDIR_AT 1
+# else
+#   define USE_OPENDIR_AT 0
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
+# include <fcntl.h>
+#endif
+
+#undef HAVE_DIRENT_NAMLEN
 #if defined HAVE_DIRENT_H && !defined _WIN32
 # include <dirent.h>
 # define NAMLEN(dirent) strlen((dirent)->d_name)
@@ -29,6 +49,7 @@
 #else
 # define dirent direct
 # define NAMLEN(dirent) (dirent)->d_namlen
+# define HAVE_DIRENT_NAMLEN 1
 # if HAVE_SYS_NDIR_H
 #  include <sys/ndir.h>
 # endif
@@ -42,12 +63,6 @@
 #  include "win32/dir.h"
 # endif
 #endif
-#if defined(__native_client__) && defined(NACL_NEWLIB)
-# include "nacl/dirent.h"
-# include "nacl/stat.h"
-#endif
-
-#include <errno.h>
 
 #ifndef HAVE_STDLIB_H
 char *getenv();
@@ -57,52 +72,76 @@ char *getenv();
 char *strchr(char*,char);
 #endif
 
-#include <ctype.h>
-
-#include "ruby/util.h"
-
-/* define system APIs */
-#ifdef _WIN32
-#undef chdir
-#define chdir(p) rb_w32_uchdir(p)
-#undef mkdir
-#define mkdir(p, m) rb_w32_umkdir((p), (m))
-#undef rmdir
-#define rmdir(p) rb_w32_urmdir(p)
-#undef opendir
-#define opendir(p) rb_w32_uopendir(p)
-#define IS_WIN32 1
-#else
-#define IS_WIN32 0
-#endif
-
 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_ATTR_H
 #include <sys/attr.h>
 #endif
 
+#define USE_NAME_ON_FS_REAL_BASENAME 1	/* platform dependent APIs to
+					 * get real basenames */
+#define USE_NAME_ON_FS_BY_FNMATCH 2	/* select the matching
+					 * basename by fnmatch */
+
 #ifdef HAVE_GETATTRLIST
-# define USE_NAME_ON_FS 1
+# define USE_NAME_ON_FS USE_NAME_ON_FS_REAL_BASENAME
 # define RUP32(size) ((size)+3/4)
 # define SIZEUP32(type) RUP32(sizeof(type))
 #elif defined _WIN32
-# define USE_NAME_ON_FS 1
+# define USE_NAME_ON_FS USE_NAME_ON_FS_REAL_BASENAME
 #elif defined DOSISH
-# define USE_NAME_ON_FS 2	/* by fnmatch */
+# define USE_NAME_ON_FS USE_NAME_ON_FS_BY_FNMATCH
 #else
 # define USE_NAME_ON_FS 0
 #endif
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
 # define NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH 1
+# include <sys/param.h>
+# include <sys/mount.h>
+# include <sys/vnode.h>
 #else
 # define NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH 0
 #endif
 
-#if NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
-#include <sys/param.h>
-#include <sys/mount.h>
-#include <sys/vnode.h>
+#include "encindex.h"
+#include "id.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/array.h"
+#include "internal/dir.h"
+#include "internal/encoding.h"
+#include "internal/error.h"
+#include "internal/file.h"
+#include "internal/gc.h"
+#include "internal/io.h"
+#include "internal/vm.h"
+#include "ruby/encoding.h"
+#include "ruby/ruby.h"
+#include "ruby/thread.h"
+#include "ruby/util.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+
+#ifndef AT_FDCWD
+# define AT_FDCWD -1
+#endif
+
+#define vm_initialized rb_cThread
 
+/* define system APIs */
+#ifdef _WIN32
+# undef chdir
+# define chdir(p) rb_w32_uchdir(p)
+# undef mkdir
+# define mkdir(p, m) rb_w32_umkdir((p), (m))
+# undef rmdir
+# define rmdir(p) rb_w32_urmdir(p)
+# undef opendir
+# define opendir(p) rb_w32_uopendir(p)
+# define ruby_getcwd() rb_w32_ugetcwd(NULL, 0)
+# define IS_WIN32 1
+#else
+# define IS_WIN32 0
+#endif
+
+#if NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
 # if defined HAVE_FGETATTRLIST || !defined HAVE_GETATTRLIST
 #   define need_normalization(dirp, path) need_normalization(dirp)
 # else
@@ -147,6 +186,26 @@ has_nonascii(const char *ptr, size_t len)
 # define IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(something) /* nothing */
 #endif
 
+#ifndef IFTODT
+# define IFTODT(m)	(((m) & S_IFMT) / ((~S_IFMT & (S_IFMT-1)) + 1))
+#endif
+
+typedef enum {
+#ifdef DT_UNKNOWN
+    path_exist     = DT_UNKNOWN,
+    path_directory = DT_DIR,
+    path_regular   = DT_REG,
+    path_symlink   = DT_LNK,
+#else
+    path_exist,
+    path_directory = IFTODT(S_IFDIR),
+    path_regular   = IFTODT(S_IFREG),
+    path_symlink   = IFTODT(S_IFLNK),
+#endif
+    path_noent = -1,
+    path_unknown = -2
+} rb_pathtype_t;
+
 #define FNM_NOESCAPE	0x01
 #define FNM_PATHNAME	0x02
 #define FNM_DOTMATCH	0x04
@@ -157,6 +216,12 @@ has_nonascii(const char *ptr, size_t len)
 #else
 #define FNM_SYSCASE	0
 #endif
+#if _WIN32
+#define FNM_SHORTNAME	0x20
+#else
+#define FNM_SHORTNAME	0
+#endif
+#define FNM_GLOB_NOSORT 0x40
 
 #define FNM_NOMATCH	1
 #define FNM_ERROR	2
@@ -233,7 +298,7 @@ bracket(
     return ok == not ? NULL : (char *)p + 1;
 }
 
-/* If FNM_PATHNAME is set, only path element will be matched. (upto '/' or '\0')
+/* If FNM_PATHNAME is set, only path element will be matched. (up to '/' or '\0')
    Otherwise, entire string will be matched.
    End marker itself won't be compared.
    And if function succeeds, *pcur reaches end marker.
@@ -388,7 +453,7 @@ VALUE rb_cDir;
 
 struct dir_data {
     DIR *dir;
-    VALUE path;
+    const VALUE path;
     rb_encoding *enc;
 };
 
@@ -403,35 +468,25 @@ static void
 dir_free(void *ptr)
 {
     struct dir_data *dir = ptr;
-    if (dir) {
-	if (dir->dir) closedir(dir->dir);
-    }
+
+    if (dir->dir) closedir(dir->dir);
     xfree(dir);
 }
 
 static size_t
 dir_memsize(const void *ptr)
 {
-    return ptr ? sizeof(struct dir_data) : 0;
+    return sizeof(struct dir_data);
 }
 
 static const rb_data_type_t dir_data_type = {
     "dir",
     {dir_mark, dir_free, dir_memsize,},
-    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
 };
 
 static VALUE dir_close(VALUE);
 
-#define GlobPathValue(str, safe) \
-    /* can contain null bytes as separators */	\
-    (!RB_TYPE_P((str), T_STRING) ?		\
-     (void)FilePathValue(str) :			\
-     (void)(check_safe_glob((str), (safe)),		\
-      check_glob_encoding(str), (str)))
-#define check_safe_glob(str, safe) ((safe) ? rb_check_safe_obj(str) : (void)0)
-#define check_glob_encoding(str) rb_enc_check((str), rb_enc_from_encoding(rb_usascii_encoding()))
-
 static VALUE
 dir_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
 {
@@ -439,48 +494,43 @@ dir_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
     VALUE obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dirp);
 
     dirp->dir = NULL;
-    dirp->path = Qnil;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(obj, &dirp->path, Qnil);
     dirp->enc = NULL;
 
     return obj;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     Dir.new( string ) -> aDir
- *     Dir.new( string, encoding: enc ) -> aDir
- *
- *  Returns a new directory object for the named directory.
- *
- *  The optional <i>enc</i> argument specifies the encoding of the directory.
- *  If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
- */
-static VALUE
-dir_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE dir)
+static void *
+nogvl_opendir(void *ptr)
 {
-    struct dir_data *dp;
-    rb_encoding  *fsenc;
-    VALUE dirname, opt, orig;
-    static ID keyword_ids[1];
-    const char *path;
+    const char *path = ptr;
 
-    if (!keyword_ids[0]) {
-	keyword_ids[0] = rb_intern("encoding");
-    }
+    return (void *)opendir(path);
+}
 
-    fsenc = rb_filesystem_encoding();
+static DIR *
+opendir_without_gvl(const char *path)
+{
+    if (vm_initialized) {
+	union { const void *in; void *out; } u;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &dirname, &opt);
+	u.in = path;
 
-    if (!NIL_P(opt)) {
-	VALUE enc;
-	rb_get_kwargs(opt, keyword_ids, 0, 1, &enc);
-	if (enc != Qundef && !NIL_P(enc)) {
-	    fsenc = rb_to_encoding(enc);
-	}
+	return rb_thread_call_without_gvl(nogvl_opendir, u.out, RUBY_UBF_IO, 0);
     }
+    else
+	return opendir(path);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+dir_initialize(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE dir, VALUE dirname, VALUE enc)
+{
+    struct dir_data *dp;
+    VALUE orig;
+    const char *path;
+    rb_encoding *fsenc = NIL_P(enc) ? rb_filesystem_encoding() : rb_to_encoding(enc);
 
-    GlobPathValue(dirname, FALSE);
+    FilePathValue(dirname);
     orig = rb_str_dup_frozen(dirname);
     dirname = rb_str_encode_ospath(dirname);
     dirname = rb_str_dup_frozen(dirname);
@@ -488,64 +538,53 @@ dir_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE dir)
     TypedData_Get_Struct(dir, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dp);
     if (dp->dir) closedir(dp->dir);
     dp->dir = NULL;
-    dp->path = Qnil;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(dir, &dp->path, Qnil);
     dp->enc = fsenc;
     path = RSTRING_PTR(dirname);
-    dp->dir = opendir(path);
+    dp->dir = opendir_without_gvl(path);
     if (dp->dir == NULL) {
-	if (errno == EMFILE || errno == ENFILE) {
-	    rb_gc();
-	    dp->dir = opendir(path);
+	int e = errno;
+	if (rb_gc_for_fd(e)) {
+	    dp->dir = opendir_without_gvl(path);
 	}
 #ifdef HAVE_GETATTRLIST
-	else if (errno == EIO) {
+	else if (e == EIO) {
 	    u_int32_t attrbuf[1];
 	    struct attrlist al = {ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT, 0};
 	    if (getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), FSOPT_NOFOLLOW) == 0) {
-		dp->dir = opendir(path);
+		dp->dir = opendir_without_gvl(path);
 	    }
 	}
 #endif
 	if (dp->dir == NULL) {
 	    RB_GC_GUARD(dirname);
-	    rb_sys_fail_path(orig);
+	    rb_syserr_fail_path(e, orig);
 	}
     }
-    dp->path = orig;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(dir, &dp->path, orig);
 
     return dir;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     Dir.open( string ) -> aDir
- *     Dir.open( string, encoding: enc ) -> aDir
- *     Dir.open( string ) {| aDir | block } -> anObject
- *     Dir.open( string, encoding: enc ) {| aDir | block } -> anObject
- *
- *  The optional <i>enc</i> argument specifies the encoding of the directory.
- *  If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
- *
- *  With no block, <code>open</code> is a synonym for
- *  <code>Dir::new</code>. If a block is present, it is passed
- *  <i>aDir</i> as a parameter. The directory is closed at the end of
- *  the block, and <code>Dir::open</code> returns the value of the
- *  block.
- */
 static VALUE
-dir_s_open(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
+dir_s_open(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE klass, VALUE dirname, VALUE enc)
 {
     struct dir_data *dp;
     VALUE dir = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dp);
 
-    dir_initialize(argc, argv, dir);
-    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	return rb_ensure(rb_yield, dir, dir_close, dir);
-    }
+    dir_initialize(ec, dir, dirname, enc);
 
     return dir;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+dir_s_close(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE klass, VALUE dir)
+{
+    return dir_close(dir);
+}
+
+NORETURN(static void dir_closed(void));
+
 static void
 dir_closed(void)
 {
@@ -553,11 +592,16 @@ dir_closed(void)
 }
 
 static struct dir_data *
-dir_check(VALUE dir)
+dir_get(VALUE dir)
 {
-    struct dir_data *dirp;
     rb_check_frozen(dir);
-    dirp = rb_check_typeddata(dir, &dir_data_type);
+    return rb_check_typeddata(dir, &dir_data_type);
+}
+
+static struct dir_data *
+dir_check(VALUE dir)
+{
+    struct dir_data *dirp = dir_get(dir);
     if (!dirp->dir) dir_closed();
     return dirp;
 }
@@ -585,9 +629,22 @@ dir_inspect(VALUE dir)
 	rb_str_cat2(str, ">");
 	return str;
     }
-    return rb_funcall(dir, rb_intern("to_s"), 0, 0);
+    return rb_funcallv(dir, idTo_s, 0, 0);
 }
 
+/* Workaround for Solaris 10 that does not have dirfd.
+   Note: Solaris 11 (POSIX.1-2008 compliant) has dirfd(3C).
+ */
+#if defined(__sun) && !defined(HAVE_DIRFD)
+# if defined(HAVE_DIR_D_FD)
+#  define dirfd(x) ((x)->d_fd)
+#  define HAVE_DIRFD 1
+# elif defined(HAVE_DIR_DD_FD)
+#  define dirfd(x) ((x)->dd_fd)
+#  define HAVE_DIRFD 1
+# endif
+#endif
+
 #ifdef HAVE_DIRFD
 /*
  *  call-seq:
@@ -640,11 +697,46 @@ dir_path(VALUE dir)
 }
 
 #if defined _WIN32
+static int
+fundamental_encoding_p(rb_encoding *enc)
+{
+    switch (rb_enc_to_index(enc)) {
+      case ENCINDEX_ASCII:
+      case ENCINDEX_US_ASCII:
+      case ENCINDEX_UTF_8:
+	return TRUE;
+      default:
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+}
 # define READDIR(dir, enc) rb_w32_readdir((dir), (enc))
 #else
 # define READDIR(dir, enc) readdir((dir))
 #endif
 
+/* safe to use without GVL */
+static int
+to_be_skipped(const struct dirent *dp)
+{
+    const char *name = dp->d_name;
+    if (name[0] != '.') return FALSE;
+#ifdef HAVE_DIRENT_NAMLEN
+    switch (NAMLEN(dp)) {
+      case 2:
+	if (name[1] != '.') return FALSE;
+      case 1:
+	return TRUE;
+      default:
+	break;
+    }
+#else
+    if (!name[1]) return TRUE;
+    if (name[1] != '.') return FALSE;
+    if (!name[2]) return TRUE;
+#endif
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     dir.read -> string or nil
@@ -669,11 +761,20 @@ dir_read(VALUE dir)
 	return rb_external_str_new_with_enc(dp->d_name, NAMLEN(dp), dirp->enc);
     }
     else {
-	if (errno != 0) rb_sys_fail(0);
+	int e = errno;
+	if (e != 0) rb_syserr_fail(e, 0);
 	return Qnil;		/* end of stream */
     }
 }
 
+static VALUE dir_each_entry(VALUE, VALUE (*)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE, int);
+
+static VALUE
+dir_yield(VALUE arg, VALUE path)
+{
+    return rb_yield(path);
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     dir.each { |filename| block }  -> dir
@@ -697,11 +798,17 @@ dir_read(VALUE dir)
 static VALUE
 dir_each(VALUE dir)
 {
+    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(dir, 0, 0);
+    return dir_each_entry(dir, dir_yield, Qnil, FALSE);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+dir_each_entry(VALUE dir, VALUE (*each)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE arg, int children_only)
+{
     struct dir_data *dirp;
     struct dirent *dp;
     IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(int norm_p);
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(dir, 0, 0);
     GetDIR(dir, dirp);
     rewinddir(dirp->dir);
     IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(norm_p = need_normalization(dirp->dir, RSTRING_PTR(dirp->path)));
@@ -709,6 +816,11 @@ dir_each(VALUE dir)
 	const char *name = dp->d_name;
 	size_t namlen = NAMLEN(dp);
 	VALUE path;
+
+	if (children_only && name[0] == '.') {
+	    if (namlen == 1) continue; /* current directory */
+	    if (namlen == 2 && name[1] == '.') continue; /* parent directory */
+	}
 #if NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
 	if (norm_p && has_nonascii(name, namlen) &&
 	    !NIL_P(path = rb_str_normalize_ospath(name, namlen))) {
@@ -717,8 +829,7 @@ dir_each(VALUE dir)
 	else
 #endif
 	path = rb_external_str_new_with_enc(name, namlen, dirp->enc);
-	rb_yield(path);
-	if (dirp->dir == NULL) dir_closed();
+	(*each)(arg, path);
     }
     return dir;
 }
@@ -729,8 +840,7 @@ dir_each(VALUE dir)
  *     dir.pos -> integer
  *     dir.tell -> integer
  *
- *  Returns the current position in <em>dir</em>. See also
- *  <code>Dir#seek</code>.
+ *  Returns the current position in <em>dir</em>. See also Dir#seek.
  *
  *     d = Dir.new("testdir")
  *     d.tell   #=> 0
@@ -757,7 +867,7 @@ dir_tell(VALUE dir)
  *     dir.seek( integer ) -> dir
  *
  *  Seeks to a particular location in <em>dir</em>. <i>integer</i>
- *  must be a value returned by <code>Dir#tell</code>.
+ *  must be a value returned by Dir#tell.
  *
  *     d = Dir.new("testdir")   #=> #<Dir:0x401b3c40>
  *     d.read                   #=> "."
@@ -785,8 +895,7 @@ dir_seek(VALUE dir, VALUE pos)
  *  call-seq:
  *     dir.pos = integer  -> integer
  *
- *  Synonym for <code>Dir#seek</code>, but returns the position
- *  parameter.
+ *  Synonym for Dir#seek, but returns the position parameter.
  *
  *     d = Dir.new("testdir")   #=> #<Dir:0x401b3c40>
  *     d.read                   #=> "."
@@ -830,8 +939,8 @@ dir_rewind(VALUE dir)
  *  call-seq:
  *     dir.close -> nil
  *
- *  Closes the directory stream. Any further attempts to access
- *  <em>dir</em> will raise an <code>IOError</code>.
+ *  Closes the directory stream.
+ *  Calling this method on closed Dir object is ignored since Ruby 2.3.
  *
  *     d = Dir.new("testdir")
  *     d.close   #=> nil
@@ -841,13 +950,22 @@ dir_close(VALUE dir)
 {
     struct dir_data *dirp;
 
-    GetDIR(dir, dirp);
+    dirp = dir_get(dir);
+    if (!dirp->dir) return Qnil;
     closedir(dirp->dir);
     dirp->dir = NULL;
 
     return Qnil;
 }
 
+static void *
+nogvl_chdir(void *ptr)
+{
+    const char *path = ptr;
+
+    return (void *)(VALUE)chdir(path);
+}
+
 static void
 dir_chdir(VALUE path)
 {
@@ -864,8 +982,9 @@ struct chdir_data {
 };
 
 static VALUE
-chdir_yield(struct chdir_data *args)
+chdir_yield(VALUE v)
 {
+    struct chdir_data *args = (void *)v;
     dir_chdir(args->new_path);
     args->done = TRUE;
     chdir_blocking++;
@@ -875,8 +994,9 @@ chdir_yield(struct chdir_data *args)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-chdir_restore(struct chdir_data *args)
+chdir_restore(VALUE v)
 {
+    struct chdir_data *args = (void *)v;
     if (args->done) {
 	chdir_blocking--;
 	if (chdir_blocking == 0)
@@ -894,8 +1014,8 @@ chdir_restore(struct chdir_data *args)
  *  Changes the current working directory of the process to the given
  *  string. When called without an argument, changes the directory to
  *  the value of the environment variable <code>HOME</code>, or
- *  <code>LOGDIR</code>. <code>SystemCallError</code> (probably
- *  <code>Errno::ENOENT</code>) if the target directory does not exist.
+ *  <code>LOGDIR</code>. SystemCallError (probably Errno::ENOENT) if
+ *  the target directory does not exist.
  *
  *  If a block is given, it is passed the name of the new current
  *  directory, and the block is executed with that as the current
@@ -904,7 +1024,8 @@ chdir_restore(struct chdir_data *args)
  *  block. <code>chdir</code> blocks can be nested, but in a
  *  multi-threaded program an error will be raised if a thread attempts
  *  to open a <code>chdir</code> block while another thread has one
- *  open.
+ *  open or a call to <code>chdir</code> without a block occurs inside
+ *  a block passed to <code>chdir</code> (even in the same thread).
  *
  *     Dir.chdir("/var/spool/mail")
  *     puts Dir.pwd
@@ -930,10 +1051,8 @@ dir_s_chdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 {
     VALUE path = Qnil;
 
-    rb_secure(2);
-    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &path) == 1) {
-	FilePathValue(path);
-	path = rb_str_encode_ospath(path);
+    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) == 1) {
+        path = rb_str_encode_ospath(rb_get_path(argv[0]));
     }
     else {
 	const char *dist = getenv("HOME");
@@ -945,8 +1064,10 @@ dir_s_chdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
     }
 
     if (chdir_blocking > 0) {
-	if (!rb_block_given_p() || rb_thread_current() != chdir_thread)
-	    rb_warn("conflicting chdir during another chdir block");
+	if (rb_thread_current() != chdir_thread)
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "conflicting chdir during another chdir block");
+        if (!rb_block_given_p())
+            rb_warn("conflicting chdir during another chdir block");
     }
 
     if (rb_block_given_p()) {
@@ -957,24 +1078,61 @@ dir_s_chdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 	args.done = FALSE;
 	return rb_ensure(chdir_yield, (VALUE)&args, chdir_restore, (VALUE)&args);
     }
-    dir_chdir(path);
+    else {
+	char *p = RSTRING_PTR(path);
+	int r = (int)(VALUE)rb_thread_call_without_gvl(nogvl_chdir, p,
+							RUBY_UBF_IO, 0);
+	if (r < 0)
+	    rb_sys_fail_path(path);
+    }
 
     return INT2FIX(0);
 }
 
+#ifndef _WIN32
 VALUE
-rb_dir_getwd(void)
+rb_dir_getwd_ospath(void)
 {
     char *path;
     VALUE cwd;
+    VALUE path_guard;
 
-    path = my_getcwd();
-    cwd = rb_tainted_str_new2(path);
-    rb_enc_associate(cwd, rb_filesystem_encoding());
+#undef RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING
+#define RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING 0
+    path_guard = Data_Wrap_Struct((VALUE)0, NULL, RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE, NULL);
+    path = ruby_getcwd();
+    DATA_PTR(path_guard) = path;
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    cwd = rb_str_normalize_ospath(path, strlen(path));
+#else
+    cwd = rb_str_new2(path);
+#endif
+    DATA_PTR(path_guard) = 0;
 
     xfree(path);
     return cwd;
 }
+#endif
+
+VALUE
+rb_dir_getwd(void)
+{
+    rb_encoding *fs = rb_filesystem_encoding();
+    int fsenc = rb_enc_to_index(fs);
+    VALUE cwd = rb_dir_getwd_ospath();
+
+    switch (fsenc) {
+      case ENCINDEX_US_ASCII:
+	fsenc = ENCINDEX_ASCII;
+      case ENCINDEX_ASCII:
+	break;
+#if defined _WIN32 || defined __APPLE__
+      default:
+	return rb_str_conv_enc(cwd, NULL, fs);
+#endif
+    }
+    return rb_enc_associate_index(cwd, fsenc);
+}
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
@@ -994,15 +1152,14 @@ dir_s_getwd(VALUE dir)
     return rb_dir_getwd();
 }
 
-static void
-check_dirname(volatile VALUE *dir)
+static VALUE
+check_dirname(VALUE dir)
 {
-    VALUE d = *dir;
+    VALUE d = dir;
     char *path, *pend;
     long len;
     rb_encoding *enc;
 
-    rb_secure(2);
     FilePathValue(d);
     enc = rb_enc_get(d);
     RSTRING_GETMEM(d, path, len);
@@ -1010,8 +1167,9 @@ check_dirname(volatile VALUE *dir)
     pend = rb_enc_path_end(rb_enc_path_skip_prefix(path, pend, enc), pend, enc);
     if (pend - path < len) {
 	d = rb_str_subseq(d, 0, pend - path);
+	StringValueCStr(d);
     }
-    *dir = rb_str_encode_ospath(d);
+    return rb_str_encode_ospath(d);
 }
 
 #if defined(HAVE_CHROOT)
@@ -1027,7 +1185,7 @@ check_dirname(volatile VALUE *dir)
 static VALUE
 dir_s_chroot(VALUE dir, VALUE path)
 {
-    check_dirname(&path);
+    path = check_dirname(path);
     if (chroot(RSTRING_PTR(path)) == -1)
 	rb_sys_fail_path(path);
 
@@ -1037,17 +1195,29 @@ dir_s_chroot(VALUE dir, VALUE path)
 #define dir_s_chroot rb_f_notimplement
 #endif
 
+struct mkdir_arg {
+    const char *path;
+    mode_t mode;
+};
+
+static void *
+nogvl_mkdir(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct mkdir_arg *m = ptr;
+
+    return (void *)(VALUE)mkdir(m->path, m->mode);
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     Dir.mkdir( string [, integer] ) -> 0
  *
  *  Makes a new directory named by <i>string</i>, with permissions
  *  specified by the optional parameter <i>anInteger</i>. The
- *  permissions may be modified by the value of
- *  <code>File::umask</code>, and are ignored on NT. Raises a
- *  <code>SystemCallError</code> if the directory cannot be created. See
- *  also the discussion of permissions in the class documentation for
- *  <code>File</code>.
+ *  permissions may be modified by the value of File::umask, and are
+ *  ignored on NT. Raises a SystemCallError if the directory cannot be
+ *  created. See also the discussion of permissions in the class
+ *  documentation for File.
  *
  *    Dir.mkdir(File.join(Dir.home, ".foo"), 0700) #=> 0
  *
@@ -1055,37 +1225,53 @@ dir_s_chroot(VALUE dir, VALUE path)
 static VALUE
 dir_s_mkdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 {
+    struct mkdir_arg m;
     VALUE path, vmode;
-    int mode;
+    int r;
 
     if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &path, &vmode) == 2) {
-	mode = NUM2INT(vmode);
+	m.mode = NUM2MODET(vmode);
     }
     else {
-	mode = 0777;
+	m.mode = 0777;
     }
 
-    check_dirname(&path);
-    if (mkdir(RSTRING_PTR(path), mode) == -1)
+    path = check_dirname(path);
+    m.path = RSTRING_PTR(path);
+    r = (int)(VALUE)rb_thread_call_without_gvl(nogvl_mkdir, &m, RUBY_UBF_IO, 0);
+    if (r < 0)
 	rb_sys_fail_path(path);
 
     return INT2FIX(0);
 }
 
+static void *
+nogvl_rmdir(void *ptr)
+{
+    const char *path = ptr;
+
+    return (void *)(VALUE)rmdir(path);
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     Dir.delete( string ) -> 0
  *     Dir.rmdir( string ) -> 0
  *     Dir.unlink( string ) -> 0
  *
- *  Deletes the named directory. Raises a subclass of
- *  <code>SystemCallError</code> if the directory isn't empty.
+ *  Deletes the named directory. Raises a subclass of SystemCallError
+ *  if the directory isn't empty.
  */
 static VALUE
 dir_s_rmdir(VALUE obj, VALUE dir)
 {
-    check_dirname(&dir);
-    if (rmdir(RSTRING_PTR(dir)) < 0)
+    const char *p;
+    int r;
+
+    dir = check_dirname(dir);
+    p = RSTRING_PTR(dir);
+    r = (int)(VALUE)rb_thread_call_without_gvl(nogvl_rmdir, (void *)p, RUBY_UBF_IO, 0);
+    if (r < 0)
 	rb_sys_fail_path(dir);
 
     return INT2FIX(0);
@@ -1131,9 +1317,34 @@ sys_enc_warning_in(const char *func, const char *mesg, rb_encoding *enc)
 #define sys_warning(val, enc) \
     ((flags & GLOB_VERBOSE) ? sys_enc_warning_in(RUBY_FUNCTION_NAME_STRING, (val), (enc)) :(void)0)
 
+static inline size_t
+glob_alloc_size(size_t x, size_t y)
+{
+    size_t z;
+    if (rb_mul_size_overflow(x, y, SSIZE_MAX, &z)) {
+        rb_memerror();          /* or...? */
+    }
+    else {
+        return z;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void *
+glob_alloc_n(size_t x, size_t y)
+{
+    return malloc(glob_alloc_size(x, y));
+}
+
+static inline void *
+glob_realloc_n(void *p, size_t x, size_t y)
+{
+    return realloc(p, glob_alloc_size(x, y));
+}
+
 #define GLOB_ALLOC(type) ((type *)malloc(sizeof(type)))
-#define GLOB_ALLOC_N(type, n) ((type *)malloc(sizeof(type) * (n)))
+#define GLOB_ALLOC_N(type, n) ((type *)glob_alloc_n(sizeof(type), n))
 #define GLOB_REALLOC(ptr, size) realloc((ptr), (size))
+#define GLOB_REALLOC_N(ptr, n) glob_realloc_n(ptr, sizeof(*(ptr)), n)
 #define GLOB_FREE(ptr) free(ptr)
 #define GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status) (((status) == -1) ? rb_memerror() : rb_jump_tag(status))
 
@@ -1141,30 +1352,63 @@ sys_enc_warning_in(const char *func, const char *mesg, rb_encoding *enc)
  * ENOTDIR can be returned by stat(2) if a non-leaf element of the path
  * is not a directory.
  */
-#define to_be_ignored(e) ((e) == ENOENT || (e) == ENOTDIR)
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static int to_be_ignored(int e));
+static inline int
+to_be_ignored(int e)
+{
+    return e == ENOENT || e == ENOTDIR;
+}
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-#define STAT(p, s)	rb_w32_ustati64((p), (s))
+#define STAT(p, s)	rb_w32_ustati128((p), (s))
+#undef lstat
+#define lstat(p, s)	rb_w32_ulstati128((p), (s))
 #else
 #define STAT(p, s)	stat((p), (s))
 #endif
 
+typedef int ruby_glob_errfunc(const char*, VALUE, const void*, int);
+typedef struct {
+    ruby_glob_func *match;
+    ruby_glob_errfunc *error;
+} ruby_glob_funcs_t;
+
+static const char *
+at_subpath(int fd, size_t baselen, const char *path)
+{
+#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
+    if (fd != (int)AT_FDCWD && baselen > 0) {
+	path += baselen;
+	if (*path == '/') ++path;
+    }
+#endif
+    return *path ? path : ".";
+}
+
 /* System call with warning */
 static int
-do_stat(const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
+do_stat(int fd, size_t baselen, const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
+#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
+    int ret = fstatat(fd, at_subpath(fd, baselen, path), pst, 0);
+#else
     int ret = STAT(path, pst);
+#endif
     if (ret < 0 && !to_be_ignored(errno))
 	sys_warning(path, enc);
 
     return ret;
 }
 
-#if defined HAVE_LSTAT || defined lstat
+#if defined HAVE_LSTAT || defined lstat || USE_OPENDIR_AT
 static int
-do_lstat(const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
+do_lstat(int fd, size_t baselen, const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
+#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
+    int ret = fstatat(fd, at_subpath(fd, baselen, path), pst, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
+#else
     int ret = lstat(path, pst);
+#endif
     if (ret < 0 && !to_be_ignored(errno))
 	sys_warning(path, enc);
 
@@ -1174,23 +1418,109 @@ do_lstat(const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
 #define do_lstat do_stat
 #endif
 
+struct opendir_at_arg {
+    int basefd;
+    const char *path;
+};
+
+static void *
+with_gvl_gc_for_fd(void *ptr)
+{
+    int *e = ptr;
+
+    return (void *)(rb_gc_for_fd(*e) ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+}
+
+static int
+gc_for_fd_with_gvl(int e)
+{
+    if (vm_initialized)
+	return (int)(VALUE)rb_thread_call_with_gvl(with_gvl_gc_for_fd, &e);
+    else
+	return rb_gc_for_fd(e) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+static void *
+nogvl_opendir_at(void *ptr)
+{
+    const struct opendir_at_arg *oaa = ptr;
+    DIR *dirp;
+
+#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
+    const int opendir_flags = (O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|
+#  ifdef O_DIRECTORY
+			       O_DIRECTORY|
+#  endif /* O_DIRECTORY */
+			       0);
+    int fd = openat(oaa->basefd, oaa->path, opendir_flags);
+
+    dirp = fd >= 0 ? fdopendir(fd) : 0;
+    if (!dirp) {
+	int e = errno;
+
+	switch (gc_for_fd_with_gvl(e)) {
+	  default:
+	    if (fd < 0) fd = openat(oaa->basefd, oaa->path, opendir_flags);
+	    if (fd >= 0) dirp = fdopendir(fd);
+	    if (dirp) return dirp;
+
+	    e = errno;
+	    /* fallthrough*/
+	  case 0:
+	    if (fd >= 0) close(fd);
+	    errno = e;
+	}
+    }
+#else  /* !USE_OPENDIR_AT */
+    dirp = opendir(oaa->path);
+    if (!dirp && gc_for_fd_with_gvl(errno))
+	dirp = opendir(oaa->path);
+#endif /* !USE_OPENDIR_AT */
+
+    return dirp;
+}
+
 static DIR *
-do_opendir(const char *path, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
+opendir_at(int basefd, const char *path)
+{
+    struct opendir_at_arg oaa;
+
+    oaa.basefd = basefd;
+    oaa.path = path;
+
+    if (vm_initialized)
+	return rb_thread_call_without_gvl(nogvl_opendir_at, &oaa, RUBY_UBF_IO, 0);
+    else
+	return nogvl_opendir_at(&oaa);
+}
+
+static DIR *
+do_opendir(const int basefd, size_t baselen, const char *path, int flags, rb_encoding *enc,
+	   ruby_glob_errfunc *errfunc, VALUE arg, int *status)
 {
     DIR *dirp;
 #ifdef _WIN32
     VALUE tmp = 0;
-    if (enc != rb_usascii_encoding() &&
-	enc != rb_ascii8bit_encoding() &&
-	enc != rb_utf8_encoding()) {
+    if (!fundamental_encoding_p(enc)) {
 	tmp = rb_enc_str_new(path, strlen(path), enc);
 	tmp = rb_str_encode_ospath(tmp);
 	path = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
     }
 #endif
-    dirp = opendir(path);
-    if (dirp == NULL && !to_be_ignored(errno))
-	sys_warning(path, enc);
+    dirp = opendir_at(basefd, at_subpath(basefd, baselen, path));
+    if (!dirp) {
+	int e = errno;
+
+	*status = 0;
+	if (!to_be_ignored(e)) {
+	    if (errfunc) {
+		*status = (*errfunc)(path, arg, enc, e);
+	    }
+	    else {
+		sys_warning(path, enc);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
 #ifdef _WIN32
     if (tmp) rb_str_resize(tmp, 0); /* GC guard */
 #endif
@@ -1199,7 +1529,7 @@ do_opendir(const char *path, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
 }
 
 /* Globing pattern */
-enum glob_pattern_type { PLAIN, ALPHA, MAGICAL, RECURSIVE, MATCH_ALL, MATCH_DIR };
+enum glob_pattern_type { PLAIN, ALPHA, BRACE, MAGICAL, RECURSIVE, MATCH_ALL, MATCH_DIR };
 
 /* Return nonzero if S has any special globbing chars in it.  */
 static enum glob_pattern_type
@@ -1207,15 +1537,20 @@ has_magic(const char *p, const char *pend, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
     const int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
     int hasalpha = 0;
+    int hasmagical = 0;
 
     register char c;
 
     while (p < pend && (c = *p++) != 0) {
 	switch (c) {
+	  case '{':
+	    return BRACE;
+
 	  case '*':
 	  case '?':
 	  case '[':
-	    return MAGICAL;
+	    hasmagical = 1;
+	    break;
 
 	  case '\\':
 	    if (escape && p++ >= pend)
@@ -1240,7 +1575,7 @@ has_magic(const char *p, const char *pend, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
 	p = Next(p-1, pend, enc);
     }
 
-    return hasalpha ? ALPHA : PLAIN;
+    return hasmagical ? MAGICAL : hasalpha ? ALPHA : PLAIN;
 }
 
 /* Find separator in globbing pattern. */
@@ -1261,6 +1596,13 @@ find_dirsep(const char *p, const char *pend, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
 	    open = 0;
 	    continue;
 
+	  case '{':
+	    open = 1;
+	    continue;
+	  case '}':
+	    open = 0;
+	    continue;
+
 	  case '/':
 	    if (!open)
 		return (char *)p-1;
@@ -1367,10 +1709,7 @@ glob_make_pattern(const char *p, const char *e, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
 
     tmp = GLOB_ALLOC(struct glob_pattern);
     if (!tmp) {
-      error:
-	*tail = 0;
-	glob_free_pattern(list);
-	return 0;
+        goto error;
     }
     tmp->type = dirsep ? MATCH_DIR : MATCH_ALL;
     tmp->str = 0;
@@ -1378,6 +1717,11 @@ glob_make_pattern(const char *p, const char *e, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
     tmp->next = 0;
 
     return list;
+
+  error:
+    *tail = 0;
+    glob_free_pattern(list);
+    return 0;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1393,7 +1737,7 @@ glob_free_pattern(struct glob_pattern *list)
 }
 
 static char *
-join_path(const char *path, long len, int dirsep, const char *name, size_t namlen)
+join_path(const char *path, size_t len, int dirsep, const char *name, size_t namlen)
 {
     char *buf = GLOB_ALLOC_N(char, len+namlen+(dirsep?1:0)+1);
 
@@ -1408,38 +1752,64 @@ join_path(const char *path, long len, int dirsep, const char *name, size_t namle
 }
 
 #ifdef HAVE_GETATTRLIST
+# if defined HAVE_FGETATTRLIST
+#   define is_case_sensitive(dirp, path) is_case_sensitive(dirp)
+# else
+#   define is_case_sensitive(dirp, path) is_case_sensitive(path)
+# endif
 static int
-is_case_sensitive(DIR *dirp)
+is_case_sensitive(DIR *dirp, const char *path)
 {
-    u_int32_t attrbuf[SIZEUP32(vol_capabilities_attr_t) + 1];
+    struct {
+	u_int32_t length;
+	vol_capabilities_attr_t cap[1];
+    } __attribute__((aligned(4), packed)) attrbuf[1];
     struct attrlist al = {ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT, 0, 0, ATTR_VOL_INFO|ATTR_VOL_CAPABILITIES};
-    const vol_capabilities_attr_t *cap = (void *)(attrbuf+1);
+    const vol_capabilities_attr_t *const cap = attrbuf[0].cap;
     const int idx = VOL_CAPABILITIES_FORMAT;
     const uint32_t mask = VOL_CAP_FMT_CASE_SENSITIVE;
-    struct statfs sf;
 
-    if (fstatfs(dirfd(dirp), &sf)) return -1;
-    if (getattrlist(sf.f_mntonname, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), FSOPT_NOFOLLOW))
+#   if defined HAVE_FGETATTRLIST
+    if (fgetattrlist(dirfd(dirp), &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), FSOPT_NOFOLLOW))
+	return -1;
+#   else
+    if (getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), FSOPT_NOFOLLOW))
 	return -1;
+#   endif
     if (!(cap->valid[idx] & mask))
 	return -1;
     return (cap->capabilities[idx] & mask) != 0;
 }
 
 static char *
-replace_real_basename(char *path, long base, rb_encoding *enc, int norm_p)
-{
-    u_int32_t attrbuf[SIZEUP32(attrreference_t) + RUP32(MAXPATHLEN * 3) + 1];
-    struct attrlist al = {ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT, 0, ATTR_CMN_NAME};
-    const attrreference_t *ar = (void *)(attrbuf+1);
+replace_real_basename(char *path, long base, rb_encoding *enc, int norm_p, int flags, rb_pathtype_t *type)
+{
+    struct {
+	u_int32_t length;
+	attrreference_t ref[1];
+	fsobj_type_t objtype;
+	char path[MAXPATHLEN * 3];
+    } __attribute__((aligned(4), packed)) attrbuf[1];
+    struct attrlist al = {ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT, 0, ATTR_CMN_NAME|ATTR_CMN_OBJTYPE};
+    const attrreference_t *const ar = attrbuf[0].ref;
     const char *name;
     long len;
     char *tmp;
     IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(VALUE utf8str = Qnil);
 
-    if (getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), FSOPT_NOFOLLOW))
+    *type = path_noent;
+    if (getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), FSOPT_NOFOLLOW)) {
+	if (!to_be_ignored(errno))
+	    sys_warning(path, enc);
 	return path;
+    }
 
+    switch (attrbuf[0].objtype) {
+      case VREG: *type = path_regular; break;
+      case VDIR: *type = path_directory; break;
+      case VLNK: *type = path_symlink; break;
+      default: *type = path_exist; break;
+    }
     name = (char *)ar + ar->attr_dataoffset;
     len = (long)ar->attr_length - 1;
     if (name + len > (char *)attrbuf + sizeof(attrbuf))
@@ -1464,9 +1834,10 @@ replace_real_basename(char *path, long base, rb_encoding *enc, int norm_p)
 }
 #elif defined _WIN32
 VALUE rb_w32_conv_from_wchar(const WCHAR *wstr, rb_encoding *enc);
+int rb_w32_reparse_symlink_p(const WCHAR *path);
 
 static char *
-replace_real_basename(char *path, long base, rb_encoding *enc, int norm_p)
+replace_real_basename(char *path, long base, rb_encoding *enc, int norm_p, int flags, rb_pathtype_t *type)
 {
     char *plainname = path;
     volatile VALUE tmp = 0;
@@ -1475,10 +1846,8 @@ replace_real_basename(char *path, long base, rb_encoding *enc, int norm_p)
     WCHAR *wplain;
     HANDLE h = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
     long wlen;
-    if (enc &&
-	enc != rb_usascii_encoding() &&
-	enc != rb_ascii8bit_encoding() &&
-	enc != rb_utf8_encoding()) {
+    int e = 0;
+    if (!fundamental_encoding_p(enc)) {
 	tmp = rb_enc_str_new_cstr(plainname, enc);
 	tmp = rb_str_encode_ospath(tmp);
 	plainname = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
@@ -1486,11 +1855,28 @@ replace_real_basename(char *path, long base, rb_encoding *enc, int norm_p)
     wplain = rb_w32_mbstr_to_wstr(CP_UTF8, plainname, -1, &wlen);
     if (tmp) rb_str_resize(tmp, 0);
     if (!wplain) return path;
-    if (GetFileAttributesExW(wplain, GetFileExInfoStandard, &fa))
+    if (GetFileAttributesExW(wplain, GetFileExInfoStandard, &fa)) {
 	h = FindFirstFileW(wplain, &fd);
+	e = rb_w32_map_errno(GetLastError());
+    }
+    if (fa.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
+	if (!rb_w32_reparse_symlink_p(wplain))
+	    fa.dwFileAttributes &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT;
+    }
     free(wplain);
-    if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return path;
+    if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+	*type = path_noent;
+	if (e && !to_be_ignored(e)) {
+	    errno = e;
+	    sys_warning(path, enc);
+	}
+	return path;
+    }
     FindClose(h);
+    *type =
+	(fa.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) ? path_symlink :
+	(fa.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) ? path_directory :
+	path_regular;
     if (tmp) {
 	char *buf;
 	tmp = rb_w32_conv_from_wchar(fd.cFileName, enc);
@@ -1521,12 +1907,10 @@ replace_real_basename(char *path, long base, rb_encoding *enc, int norm_p)
     }
     return path;
 }
-#elif USE_NAME_ON_FS == 1
+#elif USE_NAME_ON_FS == USE_NAME_ON_FS_REAL_BASENAME
 # error not implemented
 #endif
 
-enum answer {UNKNOWN = -1, NO, YES};
-
 #ifndef S_ISDIR
 #   define S_ISDIR(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
 #endif
@@ -1542,6 +1926,8 @@ enum answer {UNKNOWN = -1, NO, YES};
 struct glob_args {
     void (*func)(const char *, VALUE, void *);
     const char *path;
+    const char *base;
+    size_t baselen;
     VALUE value;
     rb_encoding *enc;
 };
@@ -1557,25 +1943,337 @@ glob_func_caller(VALUE val)
     return Qnil;
 }
 
+struct glob_error_args {
+    const char *path;
+    rb_encoding *enc;
+    int error;
+};
+
+static VALUE
+glob_func_warning(VALUE val)
+{
+    struct glob_error_args *arg = (struct glob_error_args *)val;
+    rb_syserr_enc_warning(arg->error, arg->enc, "%s", arg->path);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+#if 0
+static int
+rb_glob_warning(const char *path, VALUE a, const void *enc, int error)
+{
+    int status;
+    struct glob_error_args args;
+
+    args.path = path;
+    args.enc = enc;
+    args.error = error;
+    rb_protect(glob_func_warning, (VALUE)&args, &status);
+    return status;
+}
+#endif
+
+NORETURN(static VALUE glob_func_error(VALUE val));
+
+static VALUE
+glob_func_error(VALUE val)
+{
+    struct glob_error_args *arg = (struct glob_error_args *)val;
+    VALUE path = rb_enc_str_new_cstr(arg->path, arg->enc);
+    rb_syserr_fail_str(arg->error, path);
+    UNREACHABLE_RETURN(Qnil);
+}
+
+static int
+rb_glob_error(const char *path, VALUE a, const void *enc, int error)
+{
+    int status;
+    struct glob_error_args args;
+    VALUE (*errfunc)(VALUE) = glob_func_error;
+
+    if (error == EACCES) {
+	errfunc = glob_func_warning;
+    }
+    args.path = path;
+    args.enc = enc;
+    args.error = error;
+    rb_protect(errfunc, (VALUE)&args, &status);
+    return status;
+}
+
+typedef struct rb_dirent {
+    long d_namlen;
+    const char *d_name;
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    const char *d_altname;
+#endif
+    uint8_t d_type;
+} rb_dirent_t;
+
+static inline int
+dirent_match(const char *pat, rb_encoding *enc, const char *name, const rb_dirent_t *dp, int flags)
+{
+    if (fnmatch(pat, enc, name, flags) == 0) return 1;
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    if (dp->d_altname && (flags & FNM_SHORTNAME)) {
+	if (fnmatch(pat, enc, dp->d_altname, flags) == 0) return 1;
+    }
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
+
+struct push_glob_args {
+    int fd;
+    const char *path;
+    size_t baselen;
+    size_t namelen;
+    int dirsep; /* '/' should be placed before appending child entry's name to 'path'. */
+    rb_pathtype_t pathtype; /* type of 'path' */
+    int flags;
+    const ruby_glob_funcs_t *funcs;
+    VALUE arg;
+};
+
+struct dirent_brace_args {
+    const char *name;
+    const rb_dirent_t *dp;
+    int flags;
+};
+
+static int
+dirent_match_brace(const char *pattern, VALUE val, void *enc)
+{
+    struct dirent_brace_args *arg = (struct dirent_brace_args *)val;
+
+    return dirent_match(pattern, enc, arg->name, arg->dp, arg->flags);
+}
+
+/* join paths from pattern list of glob_make_pattern() */
+static char*
+join_path_from_pattern(struct glob_pattern **beg)
+{
+    struct glob_pattern *p;
+    char *path = NULL;
+    size_t path_len = 0;
+
+    for (p = *beg; p; p = p->next) {
+	const char *str;
+	switch (p->type) {
+	  case RECURSIVE:
+	    str = "**";
+	    break;
+	  case MATCH_DIR:
+	    /* append last slash */
+	    str = "";
+	    break;
+	  default:
+	    str = p->str;
+	    if (!str) continue;
+	}
+	if (!path) {
+	    path_len = strlen(str);
+	    path = GLOB_ALLOC_N(char, path_len + 1);
+            if (path) {
+                memcpy(path, str, path_len);
+                path[path_len] = '\0';
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+	    size_t len = strlen(str);
+	    char *tmp;
+	    tmp = GLOB_REALLOC(path, path_len + len + 2);
+	    if (tmp) {
+		path = tmp;
+		path[path_len++] = '/';
+		memcpy(path + path_len, str, len);
+		path_len += len;
+		path[path_len] = '\0';
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return path;
+}
+
+static int push_caller(const char *path, VALUE val, void *enc);
+
+static int ruby_brace_expand(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg,
+			     rb_encoding *enc, VALUE var);
+
+static const size_t rb_dirent_name_offset =
+    offsetof(rb_dirent_t, d_type) + sizeof(uint8_t);
+
+static rb_dirent_t *
+dirent_copy(const struct dirent *dp, rb_dirent_t *rdp)
+{
+    if (!dp) return NULL;
+    size_t namlen = NAMLEN(dp);
+    const size_t altlen =
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        dp->d_altlen ? dp->d_altlen + 1 :
+#endif
+        0;
+    rb_dirent_t *newrdp = rdp;
+    if (!rdp && !(newrdp = malloc(rb_dirent_name_offset + namlen + 1 + altlen)))
+        return NULL;
+    newrdp->d_namlen = namlen;
+    if (!rdp) {
+        char *name = (char *)newrdp + rb_dirent_name_offset;
+        memcpy(name, dp->d_name, namlen);
+        name[namlen] = '\0';
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        newrdp->d_altname = NULL;
+        if (altlen) {
+            char *const altname = name + namlen + 1;
+            memcpy(altname, dp->d_altname, altlen - 1);
+            altname[altlen - 1] = '\0';
+            newrdp->d_altname = altname;
+        }
+#endif
+        newrdp->d_name = name;
+    }
+    else {
+        newrdp->d_name = dp->d_name;
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        newrdp->d_altname = dp->d_altname;
+#endif
+    }
+#ifdef DT_UNKNOWN
+    newrdp->d_type = dp->d_type;
+#else
+    newrdp->d_type = 0;
+#endif
+    return newrdp;
+}
+
+typedef union {
+    struct {
+        DIR *dirp;
+        rb_dirent_t ent;
+    } nosort;
+    struct {
+        size_t count, idx;
+        rb_dirent_t **entries;
+    } sort;
+} ruby_glob_entries_t;
+
+static int
+glob_sort_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *e)
+{
+    const rb_dirent_t *ent1 = *(void **)a;
+    const rb_dirent_t *ent2 = *(void **)b;
+    return strcmp(ent1->d_name, ent2->d_name);
+}
+
+static void
+glob_dir_finish(ruby_glob_entries_t *ent, int flags)
+{
+    if (flags & FNM_GLOB_NOSORT) {
+        closedir(ent->nosort.dirp);
+        ent->nosort.dirp = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (ent->sort.entries) {
+        for (size_t i = 0, count = ent->sort.count; i < count;) {
+            GLOB_FREE(ent->sort.entries[i++]);
+        }
+        GLOB_FREE(ent->sort.entries);
+        ent->sort.entries = NULL;
+        ent->sort.count = ent->sort.idx = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static ruby_glob_entries_t *
+glob_opendir(ruby_glob_entries_t *ent, DIR *dirp, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
+{
+    MEMZERO(ent, ruby_glob_entries_t, 1);
+    if (flags & FNM_GLOB_NOSORT) {
+        ent->nosort.dirp = dirp;
+        return ent;
+    }
+    else {
+        void *newp;
+        struct dirent *dp;
+        size_t count = 0, capacity = 0;
+        ent->sort.count = 0;
+        ent->sort.idx = 0;
+        ent->sort.entries = 0;
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        if ((capacity = dirp->nfiles) > 0) {
+            if (!(newp = GLOB_ALLOC_N(rb_dirent_t, capacity))) {
+                closedir(dirp);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            ent->sort.entries = newp;
+        }
+#endif
+	while ((dp = READDIR(dirp, enc)) != NULL) {
+            rb_dirent_t *rdp = dirent_copy(dp, NULL);
+            if (!rdp) {
+                goto nomem;
+            }
+            if (count >= capacity) {
+                capacity += 256;
+                if (!(newp = GLOB_REALLOC_N(ent->sort.entries, capacity)))
+                    goto nomem;
+                ent->sort.entries = newp;
+            }
+            ent->sort.entries[count++] = rdp;
+            ent->sort.count = count;
+        }
+        closedir(dirp);
+        if (count < capacity) {
+            if (!(newp = GLOB_REALLOC_N(ent->sort.entries, count))) {
+                glob_dir_finish(ent, 0);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            ent->sort.entries = newp;
+        }
+        ruby_qsort(ent->sort.entries, ent->sort.count, sizeof(ent->sort.entries[0]),
+                   glob_sort_cmp, NULL);
+        return ent;
+    }
+
+  nomem:
+    glob_dir_finish(ent, 0);
+    closedir(dirp);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static rb_dirent_t *
+glob_getent(ruby_glob_entries_t *ent, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
+{
+    if (flags & FNM_GLOB_NOSORT) {
+        return dirent_copy(READDIR(ent->nosort.dirp, enc), &ent->nosort.ent);
+    }
+    else if (ent->sort.idx < ent->sort.count) {
+        return ent->sort.entries[ent->sort.idx++];
+    }
+    else {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
 static int
 glob_helper(
+    int fd,
     const char *path,
+    size_t baselen,
+    size_t namelen,
     int dirsep, /* '/' should be placed before appending child entry's name to 'path'. */
-    enum answer exist, /* Does 'path' indicate an existing entry? */
-    enum answer isdir, /* Does 'path' indicate a directory or a symlink to a directory? */
+    rb_pathtype_t pathtype, /* type of 'path' */
     struct glob_pattern **beg,
     struct glob_pattern **end,
     int flags,
-    ruby_glob_func *func,
+    const ruby_glob_funcs_t *funcs,
     VALUE arg,
     rb_encoding *enc)
 {
     struct stat st;
     int status = 0;
     struct glob_pattern **cur, **new_beg, **new_end;
-    int plain = 0, magical = 0, recursive = 0, match_all = 0, match_dir = 0;
+    int plain = 0, brace = 0, magical = 0, recursive = 0, match_all = 0, match_dir = 0;
     int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
-    long pathlen;
+    size_t pathlen = baselen + namelen;
+
+    rb_check_stack_overflow();
 
     for (cur = beg; cur < end; ++cur) {
 	struct glob_pattern *p = *cur;
@@ -1588,12 +2286,17 @@ glob_helper(
 	    plain = 1;
 	    break;
 	  case ALPHA:
-#if USE_NAME_ON_FS == 1
+#if USE_NAME_ON_FS == USE_NAME_ON_FS_REAL_BASENAME
 	    plain = 1;
 #else
 	    magical = 1;
 #endif
 	    break;
+	  case BRACE:
+	    if (!recursive) {
+		brace = 1;
+	    }
+	    break;
 	  case MAGICAL:
 	    magical = 2;
 	    break;
@@ -1608,60 +2311,78 @@ glob_helper(
 	}
     }
 
-    pathlen = strlen(path);
+    if (brace) {
+	struct push_glob_args args;
+	char* brace_path = join_path_from_pattern(beg);
+	if (!brace_path) return -1;
+	args.fd = fd;
+	args.path = path;
+	args.baselen = baselen;
+	args.namelen = namelen;
+	args.dirsep = dirsep;
+	args.pathtype = pathtype;
+	args.flags = flags;
+	args.funcs = funcs;
+	args.arg = arg;
+	status = ruby_brace_expand(brace_path, flags, push_caller, (VALUE)&args, enc, Qfalse);
+	GLOB_FREE(brace_path);
+	return status;
+    }
+
     if (*path) {
-	if (match_all && exist == UNKNOWN) {
-	    if (do_lstat(path, &st, flags, enc) == 0) {
-		exist = YES;
-		isdir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? YES : S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? UNKNOWN : NO;
+	if (match_all && pathtype == path_unknown) {
+	    if (do_lstat(fd, baselen, path, &st, flags, enc) == 0) {
+		pathtype = IFTODT(st.st_mode);
 	    }
 	    else {
-		exist = NO;
-		isdir = NO;
+		pathtype = path_noent;
 	    }
 	}
-	if (match_dir && isdir == UNKNOWN) {
-	    if (do_stat(path, &st, flags, enc) == 0) {
-		exist = YES;
-		isdir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? YES : NO;
+	if (match_dir && (pathtype == path_unknown || pathtype == path_symlink)) {
+	    if (do_stat(fd, baselen, path, &st, flags, enc) == 0) {
+		pathtype = IFTODT(st.st_mode);
 	    }
 	    else {
-		exist = NO;
-		isdir = NO;
+		pathtype = path_noent;
 	    }
 	}
-	if (match_all && exist == YES) {
-	    status = glob_call_func(func, path, arg, enc);
+	if (match_all && pathtype > path_noent) {
+	    const char *subpath = path + baselen + (baselen && path[baselen] == '/');
+	    status = glob_call_func(funcs->match, subpath, arg, enc);
 	    if (status) return status;
 	}
-	if (match_dir && isdir == YES) {
-	    char *tmp = join_path(path, pathlen, dirsep, "", 0);
+	if (match_dir && pathtype == path_directory) {
+	    int seplen = (baselen && path[baselen] == '/');
+	    const char *subpath = path + baselen + seplen;
+	    char *tmp = join_path(subpath, namelen - seplen, dirsep, "", 0);
 	    if (!tmp) return -1;
-	    status = glob_call_func(func, tmp, arg, enc);
+	    status = glob_call_func(funcs->match, tmp, arg, enc);
 	    GLOB_FREE(tmp);
 	    if (status) return status;
 	}
     }
 
-    if (exist == NO || isdir == NO) return 0;
+    if (pathtype == path_noent) return 0;
 
     if (magical || recursive) {
-	struct dirent *dp;
+	rb_dirent_t *dp;
 	DIR *dirp;
-# if USE_NAME_ON_FS == 2
+# if USE_NAME_ON_FS == USE_NAME_ON_FS_BY_FNMATCH
 	char *plainname = 0;
 # endif
 	IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(int norm_p);
-# if USE_NAME_ON_FS == 2
+# if USE_NAME_ON_FS == USE_NAME_ON_FS_BY_FNMATCH
 	if (cur + 1 == end && (*cur)->type <= ALPHA) {
 	    plainname = join_path(path, pathlen, dirsep, (*cur)->str, strlen((*cur)->str));
 	    if (!plainname) return -1;
-	    dirp = do_opendir(plainname, flags, enc);
+	    dirp = do_opendir(fd, basename, plainname, flags, enc, funcs->error, arg, &status);
 	    GLOB_FREE(plainname);
 	}
 	else
+# else
+	    ;
 # endif
-	dirp = do_opendir(*path ? path : ".", flags, enc);
+	dirp = do_opendir(fd, baselen, path, flags, enc, funcs->error, arg, &status);
 	if (dirp == NULL) {
 # if FNM_SYSCASE || NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
 	    if ((magical < 2) && !recursive && (errno == EACCES)) {
@@ -1669,7 +2390,7 @@ glob_helper(
 		goto literally;
 	    }
 # endif
-	    return 0;
+	    return status;
 	}
 	IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(norm_p = need_normalization(dirp, *path ? path : "."));
 
@@ -1680,32 +2401,44 @@ glob_helper(
 	}
 # endif
 # ifdef HAVE_GETATTRLIST
-	if (is_case_sensitive(dirp) == 0)
+	if (is_case_sensitive(dirp, path) == 0)
 	    flags |= FNM_CASEFOLD;
 # endif
-	while ((dp = READDIR(dirp, enc)) != NULL) {
+        ruby_glob_entries_t globent;
+        if (!glob_opendir(&globent, dirp, flags, enc)) {
+            status = 0;
+            if (funcs->error) {
+                status = (*funcs->error)(path, arg, enc, ENOMEM);
+            }
+            else {
+                sys_warning(path, enc);
+            }
+            return status;
+        }
+	while ((dp = glob_getent(&globent, flags, enc)) != NULL) {
 	    char *buf;
-	    enum answer new_isdir = UNKNOWN;
+	    rb_pathtype_t new_pathtype = path_unknown;
 	    const char *name;
 	    size_t namlen;
 	    int dotfile = 0;
 	    IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(VALUE utf8str = Qnil);
 
-	    if (recursive && dp->d_name[0] == '.') {
+	    name = dp->d_name;
+	    namlen = dp->d_namlen;
+	    if (recursive && name[0] == '.') {
 		++dotfile;
-		if (!dp->d_name[1]) {
+		if (namlen == 1) {
 		    /* unless DOTMATCH, skip current directories not to recurse infinitely */
 		    if (!(flags & FNM_DOTMATCH)) continue;
 		    ++dotfile;
+		    new_pathtype = path_directory; /* force to skip stat/lstat */
 		}
-		else if (dp->d_name[1] == '.' && !dp->d_name[2]) {
+		else if (namlen == 2 && name[1] == '.') {
 		    /* always skip parent directories not to recurse infinitely */
 		    continue;
 		}
 	    }
 
-	    name = dp->d_name;
-	    namlen = NAMLEN(dp);
 # if NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
 	    if (norm_p && has_nonascii(name, namlen)) {
 		if (!NIL_P(utf8str = rb_str_normalize_ospath(name, namlen))) {
@@ -1720,16 +2453,19 @@ glob_helper(
 		break;
 	    }
 	    name = buf + pathlen + (dirsep != 0);
-	    if (recursive && dotfile < ((flags & FNM_DOTMATCH) ? 2 : 1)) {
+#ifdef DT_UNKNOWN
+	    if (dp->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN) {
+		/* Got it. We need no more lstat. */
+		new_pathtype = dp->d_type;
+	    }
+#endif
+	    if (recursive && dotfile < ((flags & FNM_DOTMATCH) ? 2 : 1) &&
+		new_pathtype == path_unknown) {
 		/* RECURSIVE never match dot files unless FNM_DOTMATCH is set */
-#ifndef _WIN32
-		if (do_lstat(buf, &st, flags, enc) == 0)
-		    new_isdir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? YES : S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? UNKNOWN : NO;
+		if (do_lstat(fd, baselen, buf, &st, flags, enc) == 0)
+		    new_pathtype = IFTODT(st.st_mode);
 		else
-		    new_isdir = NO;
-#else
-		new_isdir = dp->d_isdir ? (!dp->d_isrep ? YES : UNKNOWN) : NO;
-#endif
+		    new_pathtype = path_noent;
 	    }
 
 	    new_beg = new_end = GLOB_ALLOC_N(struct glob_pattern *, (end - beg) * 2);
@@ -1741,14 +2477,26 @@ glob_helper(
 
 	    for (cur = beg; cur < end; ++cur) {
 		struct glob_pattern *p = *cur;
+		struct dirent_brace_args args;
 		if (p->type == RECURSIVE) {
-		    if (new_isdir == YES) /* not symlink but real directory */
-			*new_end++ = p; /* append recursive pattern */
+		    if (new_pathtype == path_directory || /* not symlink but real directory */
+			new_pathtype == path_exist) {
+			if (dotfile < ((flags & FNM_DOTMATCH) ? 2 : 1))
+			    *new_end++ = p; /* append recursive pattern */
+		    }
 		    p = p->next; /* 0 times recursion */
 		}
 		switch (p->type) {
+		  case BRACE:
+		    args.name = name;
+		    args.dp = dp;
+		    args.flags = flags;
+		    if (ruby_brace_expand(p->str, flags, dirent_match_brace,
+					  (VALUE)&args, enc, Qfalse) > 0)
+			*new_end++ = p->next;
+		    break;
 		  case ALPHA:
-# if USE_NAME_ON_FS == 2
+# if USE_NAME_ON_FS == USE_NAME_ON_FS_BY_FNMATCH
 		    if (plainname) {
 			*new_end++ = p->next;
 			break;
@@ -1756,21 +2504,22 @@ glob_helper(
 # endif
 		  case PLAIN:
 		  case MAGICAL:
-		    if (fnmatch(p->str, enc, name, flags) == 0)
+		    if (dirent_match(p->str, enc, name, dp, flags))
 			*new_end++ = p->next;
 		  default:
 		    break;
 		}
 	    }
 
-	    status = glob_helper(buf, 1, YES, new_isdir, new_beg, new_end,
-				 flags, func, arg, enc);
+	    status = glob_helper(fd, buf, baselen, name - buf - baselen + namlen, 1,
+				 new_pathtype, new_beg, new_end,
+				 flags, funcs, arg, enc);
 	    GLOB_FREE(buf);
 	    GLOB_FREE(new_beg);
 	    if (status) break;
 	}
 
-	closedir(dirp);
+        glob_dir_finish(&globent, flags);
     }
     else if (plain) {
 	struct glob_pattern **copy_beg, **copy_end, **cur2;
@@ -1785,6 +2534,7 @@ glob_helper(
 
 	for (cur = copy_beg; cur < copy_end; ++cur) {
 	    if (*cur) {
+		rb_pathtype_t new_pathtype = path_unknown;
 		char *buf;
 		char *name;
 		size_t len = strlen((*cur)->str) + 1;
@@ -1818,14 +2568,18 @@ glob_helper(
 		    status = -1;
 		    break;
 		}
-#if USE_NAME_ON_FS == 1
+#if USE_NAME_ON_FS == USE_NAME_ON_FS_REAL_BASENAME
 		if ((*cur)->type == ALPHA) {
-		    long base = pathlen + (dirsep != 0);
-		    buf = replace_real_basename(buf, base, enc, IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(1)+0);
+		    buf = replace_real_basename(buf, pathlen + (dirsep != 0), enc,
+						IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(1)+0,
+						flags, &new_pathtype);
+		    if (!buf) break;
 		}
 #endif
-		status = glob_helper(buf, 1, UNKNOWN, UNKNOWN, new_beg,
-				     new_end, flags, func, arg, enc);
+		status = glob_helper(fd, buf, baselen,
+				     namelen + strlen(buf + pathlen), 1,
+				     new_pathtype, new_beg, new_end,
+				     flags, funcs, arg, enc);
 		GLOB_FREE(buf);
 		GLOB_FREE(new_beg);
 		if (status) break;
@@ -1839,23 +2593,78 @@ glob_helper(
 }
 
 static int
-ruby_glob0(const char *path, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg, rb_encoding *enc)
+push_caller(const char *path, VALUE val, void *enc)
+{
+    struct push_glob_args *arg = (struct push_glob_args *)val;
+    struct glob_pattern *list;
+    int status;
+
+    list = glob_make_pattern(path, path + strlen(path), arg->flags, enc);
+    if (!list) {
+	return -1;
+    }
+    status = glob_helper(arg->fd, arg->path, arg->baselen, arg->namelen, arg->dirsep,
+			 arg->pathtype, &list, &list + 1, arg->flags, arg->funcs,
+			 arg->arg, enc);
+    glob_free_pattern(list);
+    return status;
+}
+
+static int ruby_glob0(const char *path, int fd, const char *base, int flags,
+                      const ruby_glob_funcs_t *funcs, VALUE arg, rb_encoding *enc);
+
+struct push_glob0_args {
+    int fd;
+    const char *base;
+    int flags;
+    const ruby_glob_funcs_t *funcs;
+    VALUE arg;
+};
+
+static int
+push_glob0_caller(const char *path, VALUE val, void *enc)
+{
+    struct push_glob0_args *arg = (struct push_glob0_args *)val;
+    return ruby_glob0(path, arg->fd, arg->base, arg->flags, arg->funcs, arg->arg, enc);
+}
+
+static int
+ruby_glob0(const char *path, int fd, const char *base, int flags,
+	   const ruby_glob_funcs_t *funcs, VALUE arg,
+	   rb_encoding *enc)
 {
     struct glob_pattern *list;
     const char *root, *start;
     char *buf;
-    size_t n;
-    int status;
+    size_t n, baselen = 0;
+    int status, dirsep = FALSE;
 
     start = root = path;
+
+    if (*root == '{') {
+        struct push_glob0_args args;
+        args.fd = fd;
+        args.base = base;
+        args.flags = flags;
+        args.funcs = funcs;
+        args.arg = arg;
+        return ruby_brace_expand(path, flags, push_glob0_caller, (VALUE)&args, enc, Qfalse);
+    }
+
     flags |= FNM_SYSCASE;
 #if defined DOSISH
     root = rb_enc_path_skip_prefix(root, root + strlen(root), enc);
 #endif
 
-    if (root && *root == '/') root++;
+    if (*root == '/') root++;
 
     n = root - start;
+    if (!n && base) {
+	n = strlen(base);
+	baselen = n;
+	start = base;
+	dirsep = TRUE;
+    }
     buf = GLOB_ALLOC_N(char, n + 1);
     if (!buf) return -1;
     MEMCPY(buf, start, char, n);
@@ -1866,7 +2675,9 @@ ruby_glob0(const char *path, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg, rb_enco
 	GLOB_FREE(buf);
 	return -1;
     }
-    status = glob_helper(buf, 0, UNKNOWN, UNKNOWN, &list, &list + 1, flags, func, arg, enc);
+    status = glob_helper(fd, buf, baselen, n-baselen, dirsep,
+			 path_unknown, &list, &list + 1,
+			 flags, funcs, arg, enc);
     glob_free_pattern(list);
     GLOB_FREE(buf);
 
@@ -1876,8 +2687,11 @@ ruby_glob0(const char *path, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg, rb_enco
 int
 ruby_glob(const char *path, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg)
 {
-    return ruby_glob0(path, flags & ~GLOB_VERBOSE, func, arg,
-		      rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
+    ruby_glob_funcs_t funcs;
+    funcs.match = func;
+    funcs.error = 0;
+    return ruby_glob0(path, AT_FDCWD, 0, flags & ~GLOB_VERBOSE,
+		      &funcs, arg, rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
 }
 
 static int
@@ -1891,41 +2705,41 @@ rb_glob_caller(const char *path, VALUE a, void *enc)
     return status;
 }
 
-static int
-rb_glob2(const char *path, int flags,
-	 void (*func)(const char *, VALUE, void *), VALUE arg,
-	 rb_encoding* enc)
+static const ruby_glob_funcs_t rb_glob_funcs = {
+    rb_glob_caller, rb_glob_error,
+};
+
+void
+rb_glob(const char *path, void (*func)(const char *, VALUE, void *), VALUE arg)
 {
     struct glob_args args;
+    int status;
 
     args.func = func;
     args.value = arg;
-    args.enc = enc;
+    args.enc = rb_ascii8bit_encoding();
 
-    if (flags & FNM_SYSCASE) {
-	rb_warning("Dir.glob() ignores File::FNM_CASEFOLD");
-    }
-
-    return ruby_glob0(path, flags | GLOB_VERBOSE, rb_glob_caller, (VALUE)&args,
-		      enc);
-}
-
-void
-rb_glob(const char *path, void (*func)(const char *, VALUE, void *), VALUE arg)
-{
-    int status = rb_glob2(path, 0, func, arg, rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
+    status = ruby_glob0(path, AT_FDCWD, 0, GLOB_VERBOSE, &rb_glob_funcs,
+			(VALUE)&args, args.enc);
     if (status) GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status);
 }
 
 static void
 push_pattern(const char *path, VALUE ary, void *enc)
 {
-    rb_ary_push(ary, rb_external_str_new_with_enc(path, strlen(path), enc));
+#if defined _WIN32 || defined __APPLE__
+    VALUE name = rb_utf8_str_new_cstr(path);
+    rb_encoding *eenc = rb_default_internal_encoding();
+    name = rb_str_conv_enc(name, NULL, eenc ? eenc : enc);
+#else
+    VALUE name = rb_external_str_new_with_enc(path, strlen(path), enc);
+#endif
+    rb_ary_push(ary, name);
 }
 
 static int
 ruby_brace_expand(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg,
-		  rb_encoding *enc)
+		  rb_encoding *enc, VALUE var)
 {
     const int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
     const char *p = str;
@@ -1938,7 +2752,7 @@ ruby_brace_expand(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg,
 	if (*p == '{' && nest++ == 0) {
 	    lbrace = p;
 	}
-	if (*p == '}' && --nest <= 0) {
+	if (*p == '}' && lbrace && --nest == 0) {
 	    rbrace = p;
 	    break;
 	}
@@ -1970,7 +2784,7 @@ ruby_brace_expand(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg,
 	    }
 	    memcpy(buf+shift, t, p-t);
 	    strlcpy(buf+shift+(p-t), rbrace+1, len-(shift+(p-t)));
-	    status = ruby_brace_expand(buf, flags, func, arg, enc);
+	    status = ruby_brace_expand(buf, flags, func, arg, enc, var);
 	    if (status) break;
 	}
 	GLOB_FREE(buf);
@@ -1979,11 +2793,12 @@ ruby_brace_expand(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg,
 	status = glob_call_func(func, s, arg, enc);
     }
 
+    RB_GC_GUARD(var);
     return status;
 }
 
 struct brace_args {
-    ruby_glob_func *func;
+    ruby_glob_funcs_t funcs;
     VALUE value;
     int flags;
 };
@@ -1993,212 +2808,154 @@ glob_brace(const char *path, VALUE val, void *enc)
 {
     struct brace_args *arg = (struct brace_args *)val;
 
-    return ruby_glob0(path, arg->flags, arg->func, arg->value, enc);
+    return ruby_glob0(path, AT_FDCWD, 0, arg->flags, &arg->funcs, arg->value, enc);
 }
 
-static int
-ruby_brace_glob0(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg,
-		 rb_encoding* enc)
+int
+ruby_brace_glob_with_enc(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
     struct brace_args args;
 
-    args.func = func;
+    flags &= ~GLOB_VERBOSE;
+    args.funcs.match = func;
+    args.funcs.error = 0;
     args.value = arg;
     args.flags = flags;
-    return ruby_brace_expand(str, flags, glob_brace, (VALUE)&args, enc);
+    return ruby_brace_expand(str, flags, glob_brace, (VALUE)&args, enc, Qfalse);
 }
 
 int
 ruby_brace_glob(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg)
 {
-    return ruby_brace_glob0(str, flags & ~GLOB_VERBOSE, func, arg,
-			    rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
-}
-
-int
-ruby_brace_glob_with_enc(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg, rb_encoding *enc)
-{
-    return ruby_brace_glob0(str, flags & ~GLOB_VERBOSE, func, arg, enc);
+    return ruby_brace_glob_with_enc(str, flags, func, arg, rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
 }
 
 static int
-push_glob(VALUE ary, VALUE str, int flags)
+push_glob(VALUE ary, VALUE str, VALUE base, int flags)
 {
     struct glob_args args;
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-    rb_encoding *enc = rb_utf8_encoding();
-
-    str = rb_str_encode_ospath(str);
-#else
+    int fd;
     rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_get(str);
 
-    if (enc == rb_usascii_encoding()) enc = rb_filesystem_encoding();
-    if (enc == rb_usascii_encoding()) enc = rb_ascii8bit_encoding();
+#if defined _WIN32 || defined __APPLE__
+    str = rb_str_encode_ospath(str);
 #endif
+    if (rb_enc_to_index(enc) == ENCINDEX_US_ASCII)
+	enc = rb_filesystem_encoding();
+    if (rb_enc_to_index(enc) == ENCINDEX_US_ASCII)
+	enc = rb_ascii8bit_encoding();
+    flags |= GLOB_VERBOSE;
     args.func = push_pattern;
     args.value = ary;
     args.enc = enc;
+    args.base = 0;
+    fd = AT_FDCWD;
+    if (!NIL_P(base)) {
+	if (!RB_TYPE_P(base, T_STRING) || !rb_enc_check(str, base)) {
+	    struct dir_data *dirp = DATA_PTR(base);
+	    if (!dirp->dir) dir_closed();
+#ifdef HAVE_DIRFD
+	    if ((fd = dirfd(dirp->dir)) == -1)
+		rb_sys_fail_path(dir_inspect(base));
+#endif
+	    base = dirp->path;
+	}
+	args.base = RSTRING_PTR(base);
+    }
+#if defined _WIN32 || defined __APPLE__
+    enc = rb_utf8_encoding();
+#endif
 
-    RB_GC_GUARD(str);
-    return ruby_brace_glob0(RSTRING_PTR(str), flags | GLOB_VERBOSE,
-			    rb_glob_caller, (VALUE)&args, enc);
+    return ruby_glob0(RSTRING_PTR(str), fd, args.base, flags, &rb_glob_funcs,
+		      (VALUE)&args, enc);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-rb_push_glob(VALUE str, int flags) /* '\0' is delimiter */
+rb_push_glob(VALUE str, VALUE base, int flags) /* '\0' is delimiter */
 {
-    long offset = 0;
     VALUE ary;
+    int status;
 
-    GlobPathValue(str, TRUE);
+    /* can contain null bytes as separators */
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(str, T_STRING)) {
+	FilePathValue(str);
+    }
+    else if (!rb_str_to_cstr(str)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "nul-separated glob pattern is deprecated");
+    }
+    else {
+	rb_enc_check(str, rb_enc_from_encoding(rb_usascii_encoding()));
+    }
     ary = rb_ary_new();
 
-    while (offset < RSTRING_LEN(str)) {
-	char *p, *pend;
-	int status;
-	p = RSTRING_PTR(str) + offset;
-	status = push_glob(ary, rb_enc_str_new(p, strlen(p), rb_enc_get(str)),
-			   flags);
-	if (status) GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status);
-	if (offset >= RSTRING_LEN(str)) break;
-	p += strlen(p) + 1;
-	pend = RSTRING_PTR(str) + RSTRING_LEN(str);
-	while (p < pend && !*p)
-	    p++;
-	offset = p - RSTRING_PTR(str);
-    }
+    status = push_glob(ary, str, base, flags);
+    if (status) GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status);
 
     return ary;
 }
 
 static VALUE
-dir_globs(long argc, const VALUE *argv, int flags)
+dir_globs(VALUE args, VALUE base, int flags)
 {
     VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
     long i;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(args); ++i) {
 	int status;
-	VALUE str = argv[i];
-	GlobPathValue(str, TRUE);
-	status = push_glob(ary, str, flags);
+	VALUE str = RARRAY_AREF(args, i);
+	FilePathValue(str);
+	status = push_glob(ary, str, base, flags);
 	if (status) GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status);
     }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(args);
 
     return ary;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     Dir[ string [, string ...] ] -> array
- *
- *  Equivalent to calling
- *  <code>Dir.glob([</code><i>string,...</i><code>],0)</code>.
- *
- */
 static VALUE
-dir_s_aref(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+dir_glob_option_base(VALUE base)
 {
-    if (argc == 1) {
-	return rb_push_glob(argv[0], 0);
+    if (base == Qundef || NIL_P(base)) {
+	return Qnil;
+    }
+#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
+    if (rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(base, &dir_data_type)) {
+	return base;
     }
-    return dir_globs(argc, argv, 0);
+#endif
+    FilePathValue(base);
+    if (!RSTRING_LEN(base)) return Qnil;
+    return base;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     Dir.glob( pattern, [flags] ) -> matches
- *     Dir.glob( pattern, [flags] ) { |filename| block }  -> nil
- *
- *  Expands +pattern+, which is an Array of patterns or a pattern String, and
- *  returns the results as +matches+ or as arguments given to the block.
- *
- *  Note that this pattern is not a regexp, it's closer to a shell glob.  See
- *  File::fnmatch for the meaning of the +flags+ parameter.  Note that case
- *  sensitivity depends on your system (so File::FNM_CASEFOLD is ignored), as
- *  does the order in which the results are returned.
- *
- *  <code>*</code>::
- *    Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob.
- *    Equivalent to <code>/ .* /x</code> in regexp.
- *
- *    <code>*</code>::     Matches all files
- *    <code>c*</code>::    Matches all files beginning with <code>c</code>
- *    <code>*c</code>::    Matches all files ending with <code>c</code>
- *    <code>\*c\*</code>:: Match all files that have <code>c</code> in them
- *                         (including at the beginning or end).
- *
- *    Note, this will not match Unix-like hidden files (dotfiles).  In order
- *    to include those in the match results, you must use the
- *    File::FNM_DOTMATCH flag or something like <code>"{*,.*}"</code>.
- *
- *  <code>**</code>::
- *    Matches directories recursively.
- *
- *  <code>?</code>::
- *    Matches any one character. Equivalent to <code>/.{1}/</code> in regexp.
- *
- *  <code>[set]</code>::
- *    Matches any one character in +set+.  Behaves exactly like character sets
- *    in Regexp, including set negation (<code>[^a-z]</code>).
- *
- *  <code>{p,q}</code>::
- *    Matches either literal <code>p</code> or literal <code>q</code>.
- *    Equivalent to pattern alternation in regexp.
- *
- *    Matching literals may be more than one character in length.  More than
- *    two literals may be specified.
- *
- *  <code> \\ </code>::
- *    Escapes the next metacharacter.
- *
- *    Note that this means you cannot use backslash on windows as part of a
- *    glob, i.e.  <code>Dir["c:\\foo*"]</code> will not work, use
- *    <code>Dir["c:/foo*"]</code> instead.
- *
- *  Examples:
- *
- *     Dir["config.?"]                     #=> ["config.h"]
- *     Dir.glob("config.?")                #=> ["config.h"]
- *     Dir.glob("*.[a-z][a-z]")            #=> ["main.rb"]
- *     Dir.glob("*.[^r]*")                 #=> ["config.h"]
- *     Dir.glob("*.{rb,h}")                #=> ["main.rb", "config.h"]
- *     Dir.glob("*")                       #=> ["config.h", "main.rb"]
- *     Dir.glob("*", File::FNM_DOTMATCH)   #=> [".", "..", "config.h", "main.rb"]
- *
- *     rbfiles = File.join("**", "*.rb")
- *     Dir.glob(rbfiles)                   #=> ["main.rb",
- *                                         #    "lib/song.rb",
- *                                         #    "lib/song/karaoke.rb"]
- *     libdirs = File.join("**", "lib")
- *     Dir.glob(libdirs)                   #=> ["lib"]
- *
- *     librbfiles = File.join("**", "lib", "**", "*.rb")
- *     Dir.glob(librbfiles)                #=> ["lib/song.rb",
- *                                         #    "lib/song/karaoke.rb"]
- *
- *     librbfiles = File.join("**", "lib", "*.rb")
- *     Dir.glob(librbfiles)                #=> ["lib/song.rb"]
- */
-static VALUE
-dir_s_glob(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+static int
+dir_glob_option_sort(VALUE sort)
 {
-    VALUE str, rflags, ary;
-    int flags;
+    return (sort ? 0 : FNM_GLOB_NOSORT);
+}
 
-    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &str, &rflags) == 2)
-	flags = NUM2INT(rflags);
-    else
-	flags = 0;
+static VALUE
+dir_s_aref(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE obj, VALUE args, VALUE base, VALUE sort)
+{
+    const int flags = dir_glob_option_sort(sort);
+    base = dir_glob_option_base(base);
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(args) == 1) {
+	return rb_push_glob(RARRAY_AREF(args, 0), base, flags);
+    }
+    return dir_globs(args, base, flags);
+}
 
-    ary = rb_check_array_type(str);
+static VALUE
+dir_s_glob(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE obj, VALUE str, VALUE rflags, VALUE base, VALUE sort)
+{
+    VALUE ary = rb_check_array_type(str);
+    const int flags = NUM2INT(rflags) | dir_glob_option_sort(sort);
+    base = dir_glob_option_base(base);
     if (NIL_P(ary)) {
-	ary = rb_push_glob(str, flags);
+	ary = rb_push_glob(str, base, flags);
     }
     else {
-	VALUE v = ary;
-	ary = dir_globs(RARRAY_LEN(v), RARRAY_CONST_PTR(v), flags);
-	RB_GC_GUARD(v);
+        ary = dir_globs(ary, base, flags);
     }
 
     if (rb_block_given_p()) {
@@ -2211,7 +2968,7 @@ dir_s_glob(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 dir_open_dir(int argc, VALUE *argv)
 {
-    VALUE dir = rb_funcall2(rb_cDir, rb_intern("open"), argc, argv);
+    VALUE dir = rb_funcallv_kw(rb_cDir, rb_intern("open"), argc, argv, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
 
     rb_check_typeddata(dir, &dir_data_type);
     return dir;
@@ -2251,17 +3008,25 @@ dir_foreach(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
     return Qnil;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+dir_collect(VALUE dir)
+{
+    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
+    dir_each_entry(dir, rb_ary_push, ary, FALSE);
+    return ary;
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     Dir.entries( dirname )                -> array
  *     Dir.entries( dirname, encoding: enc ) -> array
  *
  *  Returns an array containing all of the filenames in the given
- *  directory. Will raise a <code>SystemCallError</code> if the named
- *  directory doesn't exist.
+ *  directory. Will raise a SystemCallError if the named directory
+ *  doesn't exist.
  *
- *  The optional <i>enc</i> argument specifies the encoding of the directory.
- *  If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
+ *  The optional <i>encoding</i> keyword argument specifies the encoding of the
+ *  directory. If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
  *
  *     Dir.entries("testdir")   #=> [".", "..", "config.h", "main.rb"]
  *
@@ -2272,7 +3037,115 @@ dir_entries(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
     VALUE dir;
 
     dir = dir_open_dir(argc, argv);
-    return rb_ensure(rb_Array, dir, dir_close, dir);
+    return rb_ensure(dir_collect, dir, dir_close, dir);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+dir_each_child(VALUE dir)
+{
+    return dir_each_entry(dir, dir_yield, Qnil, TRUE);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     Dir.each_child( dirname ) {| filename | block }                 -> nil
+ *     Dir.each_child( dirname, encoding: enc ) {| filename | block }  -> nil
+ *     Dir.each_child( dirname )                                       -> an_enumerator
+ *     Dir.each_child( dirname, encoding: enc )                        -> an_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Calls the block once for each entry except for "." and ".." in the
+ *  named directory, passing the filename of each entry as a parameter
+ *  to the block.
+ *
+ *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
+ *
+ *     Dir.each_child("testdir") {|x| puts "Got #{x}" }
+ *
+ *  <em>produces:</em>
+ *
+ *     Got config.h
+ *     Got main.rb
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+dir_s_each_child(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
+{
+    VALUE dir;
+
+    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(io, argc, argv);
+    dir = dir_open_dir(argc, argv);
+    rb_ensure(dir_each_child, dir, dir_close, dir);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     dir.each_child {| filename | block }  -> dir
+ *     dir.each_child                        -> an_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Calls the block once for each entry except for "." and ".." in
+ *  this directory, passing the filename of each entry as a parameter
+ *  to the block.
+ *
+ *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
+ *
+ *     d = Dir.new("testdir")
+ *     d.each_child  {|x| puts "Got #{x}" }
+ *
+ *  <em>produces:</em>
+ *
+ *     Got config.h
+ *     Got main.rb
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+dir_each_child_m(VALUE dir)
+{
+    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(dir, 0, 0);
+    return dir_each_entry(dir, dir_yield, Qnil, TRUE);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     dir.children  -> array
+ *
+ *  Returns an array containing all of the filenames except for "."
+ *  and ".." in this directory.
+ *
+ *     d = Dir.new("testdir")
+ *     d.children   #=> ["config.h", "main.rb"]
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+dir_collect_children(VALUE dir)
+{
+    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
+    dir_each_entry(dir, rb_ary_push, ary, TRUE);
+    return ary;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     Dir.children( dirname )                -> array
+ *     Dir.children( dirname, encoding: enc ) -> array
+ *
+ *  Returns an array containing all of the filenames except for "."
+ *  and ".." in the given directory. Will raise a SystemCallError if
+ *  the named directory doesn't exist.
+ *
+ *  The optional <i>encoding</i> keyword argument specifies the encoding of the
+ *  directory. If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
+ *
+ *     Dir.children("testdir")   #=> ["config.h", "main.rb"]
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+dir_s_children(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
+{
+    VALUE dir;
+
+    dir = dir_open_dir(argc, argv);
+    return rb_ensure(dir_collect_children, dir, dir_close, dir);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -2360,6 +3233,7 @@ fnmatch_brace(const char *pattern, VALUE val, void *enc)
  *
  *     File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT')                     #=> false # case sensitive
  *     File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> true  # case insensitive
+ *     File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_SYSCASE)  #=> true or false # depends on the system default
  *
  *     File.fnmatch('?',   '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> false # wildcard doesn't match '/' on FNM_PATHNAME
  *     File.fnmatch('*',   '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> false # ditto
@@ -2406,7 +3280,7 @@ file_s_fnmatch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
     else
 	flags = 0;
 
-    StringValue(pattern);
+    StringValueCStr(pattern);
     FilePathStringValue(path);
 
     if (flags & FNM_EXTGLOB) {
@@ -2415,7 +3289,7 @@ file_s_fnmatch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 	args.value = path;
 	args.flags = flags;
 	if (ruby_brace_expand(RSTRING_PTR(pattern), flags, fnmatch_brace,
-			      (VALUE)&args, rb_enc_get(pattern)) > 0)
+			      (VALUE)&args, rb_enc_get(pattern), pattern) > 0)
 	    return Qtrue;
     }
     else {
@@ -2472,24 +3346,97 @@ rb_file_directory_p(void)
 }
 #endif
 
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+rb_dir_exists_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
+{
+    rb_warn_deprecated("Dir.exists?", "Dir.exist?");
+    return rb_file_directory_p(obj, fname);
+}
+
+static void *
+nogvl_dir_empty_p(void *ptr)
+{
+    const char *path = ptr;
+    DIR *dir = opendir(path);
+    struct dirent *dp;
+    VALUE result = Qtrue;
+
+    if (!dir) {
+	int e = errno;
+	switch (gc_for_fd_with_gvl(e)) {
+	  default:
+	    dir = opendir(path);
+	    if (dir) break;
+	    e = errno;
+	    /* fall through */
+	  case 0:
+	    if (e == ENOTDIR) return (void *)Qfalse;
+	    errno = e; /* for rb_sys_fail_path */
+	    return (void *)Qundef;
+	}
+    }
+    while ((dp = READDIR(dir, NULL)) != NULL) {
+	if (!to_be_skipped(dp)) {
+	    result = Qfalse;
+	    break;
+	}
+    }
+    closedir(dir);
+    return (void *)result;
+}
+
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   Dir.exists?(file_name)  ->  true or false
+ *   Dir.empty?(path_name)  ->  true or false
  *
- * Deprecated method. Don't use.
+ * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is an empty directory,
+ * <code>false</code> if it is not a directory or non-empty.
  */
 static VALUE
-rb_dir_exists_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
+rb_dir_s_empty_p(VALUE obj, VALUE dirname)
 {
-    rb_warning("Dir.exists? is a deprecated name, use Dir.exist? instead");
-    return rb_file_directory_p(obj, fname);
+    VALUE result, orig;
+    const char *path;
+    enum {false_on_notdir = 1};
+
+    FilePathValue(dirname);
+    orig = rb_str_dup_frozen(dirname);
+    dirname = rb_str_encode_ospath(dirname);
+    dirname = rb_str_dup_frozen(dirname);
+    path = RSTRING_PTR(dirname);
+
+#if defined HAVE_GETATTRLIST && defined ATTR_DIR_ENTRYCOUNT
+    {
+	u_int32_t attrbuf[SIZEUP32(fsobj_tag_t)];
+	struct attrlist al = {ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT, 0, ATTR_CMN_OBJTAG,};
+	if (getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), 0) != 0)
+	    rb_sys_fail_path(orig);
+	if (*(const fsobj_tag_t *)(attrbuf+1) == VT_HFS) {
+	    al.commonattr = 0;
+	    al.dirattr = ATTR_DIR_ENTRYCOUNT;
+	    if (getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), 0) == 0) {
+		if (attrbuf[0] >= 2 * sizeof(u_int32_t))
+		    return attrbuf[1] ? Qfalse : Qtrue;
+		if (false_on_notdir) return Qfalse;
+	    }
+	    rb_sys_fail_path(orig);
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+
+    result = (VALUE)rb_thread_call_without_gvl(nogvl_dir_empty_p, (void *)path,
+					    RUBY_UBF_IO, 0);
+    if (result == Qundef) {
+	rb_sys_fail_path(orig);
+    }
+    return result;
 }
 
 /*
- *  Objects of class <code>Dir</code> are directory streams representing
- *  directories in the underlying file system. They provide a variety of
- *  ways to list directories and their contents. See also
- *  <code>File</code>.
+ *  Objects of class Dir are directory streams representing
+ *  directories in the underlying file system. They provide a variety
+ *  of ways to list directories and their contents. See also File.
  *
  *  The directory used in these examples contains the two regular files
  *  (<code>config.h</code> and <code>main.rb</code>), the parent
@@ -2504,17 +3451,19 @@ Init_Dir(void)
     rb_include_module(rb_cDir, rb_mEnumerable);
 
     rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cDir, dir_s_alloc);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "open", dir_s_open, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "foreach", dir_foreach, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "entries", dir_entries, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "each_child", dir_s_each_child, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "children", dir_s_children, -1);
 
-    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"initialize", dir_initialize, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"fileno", dir_fileno, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"path", dir_path, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"to_path", dir_path, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"inspect", dir_inspect, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"read", dir_read, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"each", dir_each, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"each_child", dir_each_child_m, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"children", dir_collect_children, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"rewind", dir_rewind, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"tell", dir_tell, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"seek", dir_seek, 1);
@@ -2532,10 +3481,9 @@ Init_Dir(void)
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"unlink", dir_s_rmdir, 1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"home", dir_s_home, -1);
 
-    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"glob", dir_s_glob, -1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"[]", dir_s_aref, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"exist?", rb_file_directory_p, 1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"exists?", rb_dir_exists_p, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"empty?", rb_dir_s_empty_p, 1);
 
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFile,"fnmatch", file_s_fnmatch, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFile,"fnmatch?", file_s_fnmatch, -1);
@@ -2579,4 +3527,13 @@ Init_Dir(void)
      *  0.
      */
     rb_file_const("FNM_SYSCASE", INT2FIX(FNM_SYSCASE));
+
+    /*  Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_SHORTNAME
+     *
+     *  Makes patterns to match short names if existing.  Valid only
+     *  on Microsoft Windows.
+     */
+    rb_file_const("FNM_SHORTNAME", INT2FIX(FNM_SHORTNAME));
 }
+
+#include "dir.rbinc"
diff --git a/dir.rb b/dir.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb46305013
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dir.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+class Dir
+  #    Dir.open( string ) -> aDir
+  #    Dir.open( string, encoding: enc ) -> aDir
+  #    Dir.open( string ) {| aDir | block } -> anObject
+  #    Dir.open( string, encoding: enc ) {| aDir | block } -> anObject
+  #
+  # The optional <i>encoding</i> keyword argument specifies the encoding of the directory.
+  # If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
+  #
+  # With no block, <code>open</code> is a synonym for Dir::new. If a
+  # block is present, it is passed <i>aDir</i> as a parameter. The
+  # directory is closed at the end of the block, and Dir::open returns
+  # the value of the block.
+  def self.open(name, encoding: nil, &block)
+    dir = Primitive.dir_s_open(name, encoding)
+    if block
+      begin
+        yield dir
+      ensure
+        Primitive.dir_s_close(dir)
+      end
+    else
+      dir
+    end
+  end
+
+  #    Dir.new( string ) -> aDir
+  #    Dir.new( string, encoding: enc ) -> aDir
+  #
+  # Returns a new directory object for the named directory.
+  #
+  # The optional <i>encoding</i> keyword argument specifies the encoding of the directory.
+  # If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
+  def initialize(name, encoding: nil)
+    Primitive.dir_initialize(name, encoding)
+  end
+
+  #    Dir[ string [, string ...] [, base: path] [, sort: true] ] -> array
+  #
+  # Equivalent to calling
+  # <code>Dir.glob([</code><i>string,...</i><code>], 0)</code>.
+  def self.[](*args, base: nil, sort: true)
+    Primitive.dir_s_aref(args, base, sort)
+  end
+
+  #    Dir.glob( pattern, [flags], [base: path] [, sort: true] )                       -> array
+  #    Dir.glob( pattern, [flags], [base: path] [, sort: true] ) { |filename| block }  -> nil
+  #
+  # Expands +pattern+, which is a pattern string or an Array of pattern
+  # strings, and returns an array containing the matching filenames.
+  # If a block is given, calls the block once for each matching filename,
+  # passing the filename as a parameter to the block.
+  #
+  # The optional +base+ keyword argument specifies the base directory for
+  # interpreting relative pathnames instead of the current working directory.
+  # As the results are not prefixed with the base directory name in this
+  # case, you will need to prepend the base directory name if you want real
+  # paths.
+  #
+  # The results which matched single wildcard or character set are sorted in
+  # binary ascending order, unless false is given as the optional +sort+
+  # keyword argument.  The order of an Array of pattern strings and braces
+  # are preserved.
+  #
+  # Note that the pattern is not a regexp, it's closer to a shell glob.
+  # See File::fnmatch for the meaning of the +flags+ parameter.
+  # Case sensitivity depends on your system (File::FNM_CASEFOLD is ignored).
+  #
+  # <code>*</code>::
+  #   Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob.
+  #   Equivalent to <code>/ .* /mx</code> in regexp.
+  #
+  #   <code>*</code>::     Matches all files
+  #   <code>c*</code>::    Matches all files beginning with <code>c</code>
+  #   <code>*c</code>::    Matches all files ending with <code>c</code>
+  #   <code>\*c\*</code>:: Match all files that have <code>c</code> in them
+  #                        (including at the beginning or end).
+  #
+  #   Note, this will not match Unix-like hidden files (dotfiles).  In order
+  #   to include those in the match results, you must use the
+  #   File::FNM_DOTMATCH flag or something like <code>"{*,.*}"</code>.
+  #
+  # <code>**</code>::
+  #   Matches directories recursively if followed by <code>/</code>.  If
+  #   this path segment contains any other characters, it is the same as the
+  #   usual <code>*</code>.
+  #
+  # <code>?</code>::
+  #   Matches any one character. Equivalent to <code>/.{1}/</code> in regexp.
+  #
+  # <code>[set]</code>::
+  #   Matches any one character in +set+.  Behaves exactly like character sets
+  #   in Regexp, including set negation (<code>[^a-z]</code>).
+  #
+  # <code>{p,q}</code>::
+  #   Matches either literal <code>p</code> or literal <code>q</code>.
+  #   Equivalent to pattern alternation in regexp.
+  #
+  #   Matching literals may be more than one character in length.  More than
+  #   two literals may be specified.
+  #
+  # <code> \\ </code>::
+  #   Escapes the next metacharacter.
+  #
+  #   Note that this means you cannot use backslash on windows as part of a
+  #   glob, i.e.  <code>Dir["c:\\foo*"]</code> will not work, use
+  #   <code>Dir["c:/foo*"]</code> instead.
+  #
+  # Examples:
+  #
+  #    Dir["config.?"]                     #=> ["config.h"]
+  #    Dir.glob("config.?")                #=> ["config.h"]
+  #    Dir.glob("*.[a-z][a-z]")            #=> ["main.rb"]
+  #    Dir.glob("*.[^r]*")                 #=> ["config.h"]
+  #    Dir.glob("*.{rb,h}")                #=> ["main.rb", "config.h"]
+  #    Dir.glob("*")                       #=> ["config.h", "main.rb"]
+  #    Dir.glob("*", File::FNM_DOTMATCH)   #=> [".", "..", "config.h", "main.rb"]
+  #    Dir.glob(["*.rb", "*.h"])           #=> ["main.rb", "config.h"]
+  #
+  #    Dir.glob("**/*.rb")                 #=> ["main.rb",
+  #                                        #    "lib/song.rb",
+  #                                        #    "lib/song/karaoke.rb"]
+  #
+  #    Dir.glob("**/*.rb", base: "lib")    #=> ["song.rb",
+  #                                        #    "song/karaoke.rb"]
+  #
+  #    Dir.glob("**/lib")                  #=> ["lib"]
+  #
+  #    Dir.glob("**/lib/**/*.rb")          #=> ["lib/song.rb",
+  #                                        #    "lib/song/karaoke.rb"]
+  #
+  #    Dir.glob("**/lib/*.rb")             #=> ["lib/song.rb"]
+  def self.glob(pattern, _flags = 0, flags: _flags, base: nil, sort: true)
+    Primitive.dir_s_glob(pattern, flags, base, sort)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/dln.c b/dln.c
index 1a97506784..caaa685a6e 100644
--- a/dln.c
+++ b/dln.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 static void dln_loaderror(const char *format, ...);
 #endif
 #include "dln.h"
+#include "internal.h"
 
 #ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
 # include <stdlib.h>
@@ -85,10 +86,6 @@ char *getenv();
 # endif
 #endif
 
-#if defined(__BEOS__) || defined(__HAIKU__)
-# include <image.h>
-#endif
-
 #ifndef dln_loaderror
 static void
 dln_loaderror(const char *format, ...)
@@ -106,7 +103,7 @@ dln_loaderror(const char *format, ...)
 # define USE_DLN_DLOPEN
 #endif
 
-#if defined(__hp9000s300) || ((defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)) && !defined(__ELF__)) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(NeXT) || defined(__WATCOMC__) || defined(MACOSX_DYLD)
+#if defined(__hp9000s300) || ((defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)) && !defined(__ELF__)) || defined(NeXT) || defined(MACOSX_DYLD)
 # define EXTERNAL_PREFIX "_"
 #else
 # define EXTERNAL_PREFIX ""
@@ -235,13 +232,13 @@ load_header(int fd, struct exec *hdrp, long disp)
 #  define R_RIGHTSHIFT(r)	(reloc_r_rightshift[(r)->r_type])
 #  define R_BITSIZE(r) 		(reloc_r_bitsize[(r)->r_type])
 #  define R_LENGTH(r)		(reloc_r_length[(r)->r_type])
-static int reloc_r_rightshift[] = {
+static const int reloc_r_rightshift[] = {
   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
 };
-static int reloc_r_bitsize[] = {
+static const int reloc_r_bitsize[] = {
   8, 16, 32, 8, 16, 32, 30, 22, 22, 22, 13, 10, 32, 32, 16,
 };
-static int reloc_r_length[] = {
+static const int reloc_r_length[] = {
   0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
 };
 #  define R_PCREL(r) \
@@ -1117,12 +1114,12 @@ dln_sym(const char *name)
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#if defined _WIN32 && !defined __CYGWIN__
+#ifdef _WIN32
 #include <windows.h>
 #include <imagehlp.h>
 #endif
 
-#if defined _WIN32 && !defined __CYGWIN__
+#ifdef _WIN32
 static const char *
 dln_strerror(char *message, size_t size)
 {
@@ -1174,7 +1171,7 @@ dln_strerror(void)
 }
 #endif
 
-#if defined(_AIX) && ! defined(_IA64)
+#if defined(_AIX)
 static void
 aix_loaderror(const char *pathname)
 {
@@ -1246,15 +1243,34 @@ rb_w32_check_imported(HMODULE ext, HMODULE mine)
 #define translit_separator(str) (void)(str)
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_DLN_DLOPEN
+# include "ruby/internal/stdbool.h"
+# include "internal/warnings.h"
+COMPILER_WARNING_PUSH
+#if defined(__clang__) || GCC_VERSION_SINCE(4, 2, 0)
+COMPILER_WARNING_IGNORED(-Wpedantic)
+#endif
+static bool
+dln_incompatible_library_p(void *handle)
+{
+    void *ex = dlsym(handle, EXTERNAL_PREFIX"ruby_xmalloc");
+    void *const fp = (void *)ruby_xmalloc;
+    return ex && ex != fp;
+}
+COMPILER_WARNING_POP
+#endif
+
 void*
 dln_load(const char *file)
 {
+#if (defined _WIN32 || defined USE_DLN_DLOPEN) && defined RUBY_EXPORT
+    static const char incompatible[] = "incompatible library version";
+#endif
 #if !defined(_AIX) && !defined(NeXT)
     const char *error = 0;
-#define DLN_ERROR() (error = dln_strerror(), strcpy(ALLOCA_N(char, strlen(error) + 1), error))
 #endif
 
-#if defined _WIN32 && !defined __CYGWIN__
+#if defined _WIN32
     HINSTANCE handle;
     WCHAR *winfile;
     char message[1024];
@@ -1282,7 +1298,7 @@ dln_load(const char *file)
 #if defined _WIN32 && defined RUBY_EXPORT
     if (!rb_w32_check_imported(handle, rb_libruby_handle())) {
 	FreeLibrary(handle);
-	error = "incompatible library version";
+	error = incompatible;
 	goto failed;
     }
 #endif
@@ -1331,9 +1347,7 @@ dln_load(const char *file)
 	}
 # if defined RUBY_EXPORT
 	{
-	    static const char incompatible[] = "incompatible library version";
-	    void *ex = dlsym(handle, EXTERNAL_PREFIX"ruby_xmalloc");
-	    if (ex && ex != ruby_xmalloc) {
+	    if (dln_incompatible_library_p(handle)) {
 
 #   if defined __APPLE__ && \
     defined(MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED) && \
@@ -1351,7 +1365,8 @@ dln_load(const char *file)
 
 	init_fct = (void(*)())(VALUE)dlsym(handle, buf);
 	if (init_fct == NULL) {
-	    error = DLN_ERROR();
+	    const size_t errlen = strlen(error = dln_strerror()) + 1;
+	    error = memcpy(ALLOCA_N(char, errlen), error, errlen);
 	    dlclose(handle);
 	    goto failed;
 	}
@@ -1388,7 +1403,7 @@ dln_load(const char *file)
     }
 #endif /* hpux */
 
-#if defined(_AIX) && ! defined(_IA64)
+#if defined(_AIX)
 #define DLN_DEFINED
     {
 	void (*init_fct)();
@@ -1444,54 +1459,6 @@ dln_load(const char *file)
     }
 #endif
 
-#if defined(__BEOS__) || defined(__HAIKU__)
-# define DLN_DEFINED
-    {
-      status_t err_stat;  /* BeOS error status code */
-      image_id img_id;    /* extension module unique id */
-      void (*init_fct)(); /* initialize function for extension module */
-
-      /* load extension module */
-      img_id = load_add_on(file);
-      if (img_id <= 0) {
-	dln_loaderror("Failed to load add_on %.200s error_code=%x",
-	  file, img_id);
-      }
-
-      /* find symbol for module initialize function. */
-      /* The Be Book KernelKit Images section described to use
-	 B_SYMBOL_TYPE_TEXT for symbol of function, not
-	 B_SYMBOL_TYPE_CODE. Why ? */
-      /* strcat(init_fct_symname, "__Fv"); */  /* parameter nothing. */
-      /* "__Fv" dont need! The Be Book Bug ? */
-      err_stat = get_image_symbol(img_id, buf,
-				  B_SYMBOL_TYPE_TEXT, (void **)&init_fct);
-
-      if (err_stat != B_NO_ERROR) {
-	char real_name[MAXPATHLEN];
-
-	strlcpy(real_name, buf, MAXPATHLEN);
-	strlcat(real_name, "__Fv", MAXPATHLEN);
-        err_stat = get_image_symbol(img_id, real_name,
-				    B_SYMBOL_TYPE_TEXT, (void **)&init_fct);
-      }
-
-      if ((B_BAD_IMAGE_ID == err_stat) || (B_BAD_INDEX == err_stat)) {
-	unload_add_on(img_id);
-	dln_loaderror("Failed to lookup Init function %.200s", file);
-      }
-      else if (B_NO_ERROR != err_stat) {
-	char errmsg[] = "Internal of BeOS version. %.200s (symbol_name = %s)";
-	unload_add_on(img_id);
-	dln_loaderror(errmsg, strerror(err_stat), buf);
-      }
-
-      /* call module initialize function. */
-      (*init_fct)();
-      return (void*)img_id;
-    }
-#endif /* __BEOS__ || __HAIKU__ */
-
 #ifndef DLN_DEFINED
     dln_notimplement();
 #endif
diff --git a/dln.h b/dln.h
index d98b2607e2..99106fd22b 100644
--- a/dln.h
+++ b/dln.h
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#ifndef DLN_H
+#define DLN_H
 /**********************************************************************
 
   dln.h -
@@ -9,24 +11,7 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#ifndef DLN_H
-#define DLN_H
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-# ifndef  HAVE_PROTOTYPES
-#  define HAVE_PROTOTYPES 1
-# endif
-# ifndef  HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-#  define HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES 1
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#undef _
-#ifdef HAVE_PROTOTYPES
-# define _(args) args
-#else
-# define _(args) ()
-#endif
+#include "ruby/defines.h"       /* for RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN */
 
 RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
 
diff --git a/dln_find.c b/dln_find.c
index 56a19818cf..ca62441631 100644
--- a/dln_find.c
+++ b/dln_find.c
@@ -48,13 +48,6 @@ char *dln_argv0;
 #   define S_ISDIR(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
 #endif
 
-#ifdef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
-# include <sys/param.h>
-#endif
-#ifndef MAXPATHLEN
-# define MAXPATHLEN 1024
-#endif
-
 #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
 # include <unistd.h>
 #endif
@@ -255,41 +248,49 @@ dln_find_1(const char *fname, const char *path, char *fbuf, size_t size,
 	/* now append the file name */
 	i = fnlen;
 	if (fspace < i) {
-	  toolong:
-	    PATHNAME_TOO_LONG();
-	    goto next;
+            goto toolong;
 	}
 	fspace -= i;
 	memcpy(bp, fname, i + 1);
 
 #if defined(DOSISH)
 	if (exe_flag && !ext) {
-	  needs_extension:
-	    for (j = 0; j < sizeof(extension) / sizeof(extension[0]); j++) {
-		if (fspace < strlen(extension[j])) {
-		    PATHNAME_TOO_LONG();
-		    continue;
-		}
-		strlcpy(bp + i, extension[j], fspace);
-		if (stat(fbuf, &st) == 0)
-		    return fbuf;
-	    }
-	    goto next;
+            goto needs_extension;
 	}
-#endif /* _WIN32 or __EMX__ */
+#endif
 
-	if (stat(fbuf, &st) == 0) {
+#ifndef S_ISREG
+# define S_ISREG(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG)
+#endif
+	if (stat(fbuf, &st) == 0 && S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
 	    if (exe_flag == 0) return fbuf;
 	    /* looking for executable */
-	    if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && eaccess(fbuf, X_OK) == 0)
-		return fbuf;
+	    if (eaccess(fbuf, X_OK) == 0) return fbuf;
 	}
       next:
 	/* if not, and no other alternatives, life is bleak */
 	if (*ep == '\0') {
 	    return NULL;
 	}
+        continue;
+
+      toolong:
+        PATHNAME_TOO_LONG();
+        goto next;
 
+#if defined(DOSISH)
+      needs_extension:
+        for (j = 0; j < sizeof(extension) / sizeof(extension[0]); j++) {
+            if (fspace < strlen(extension[j])) {
+                PATHNAME_TOO_LONG();
+                continue;
+            }
+            strlcpy(bp + i, extension[j], fspace);
+            if (stat(fbuf, &st) == 0)
+                return fbuf;
+        }
+        goto next;
+#endif
 	/* otherwise try the next component in the search path */
     }
 }
diff --git a/dmydln.c b/dmydln.c
index 25872efc98..d05cda0b8e 100644
--- a/dmydln.c
+++ b/dmydln.c
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"
 
+NORETURN(void *dln_load(const char *));
 void*
 dln_load(const char *file)
 {
     rb_loaderror("this executable file can't load extension libraries");
 
-    UNREACHABLE;
+    UNREACHABLE_RETURN(NULL);
 }
diff --git a/doc/.document b/doc/.document
index b48c0387a7..ad17aada6d 100644
--- a/doc/.document
+++ b/doc/.document
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
+*.md
 *.rdoc
-ChangeLog*
 NEWS-*
 syntax
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog-0.06_to_0.52 b/doc/ChangeLog-0.06_to_0.52
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63826081b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog-0.06_to_0.52
@@ -0,0 +1,1147 @@
+Fri Oct 14 13:22:18 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.52: ……なんてこったい.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): returnの処理が間違っていたので, マシンによって
+	  はreturnで関数を終了するだけでなくtoplevelまでつき抜けていた.
+
+	* object.c: Builtinクラスを新設. 組み込み関数をKernelから移した.
+	  nilが組み込み関数を理解するとトラブルの元である.
+
+	* dbm.c: Dictと同様にeachが[key,value]を返すように.
+
+	* version 0.51
+
+Thu Oct 13 12:13:48 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(SETUP_ARGS): 付加演算子が配列でない時には配列に変換する.
+
+	* parse.y: 括弧なしのメソッド呼び出しでも`*'による付加引数が使える
+	  ようにした. ただし, 通常引数が一つもない場合は乗算演算子と区別が
+	  つかないので, 必ず括弧が必要.
+
+Wed Oct 12 10:09:07 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): キャッシュの計算をinline化. キャッシュミスがあ
+	  れば関数呼び出しでメソッドを検索する. methods.cはなくなった.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_eval): ローカル変数用の領域をalloca()するように変更.
+	  サイズの変更が必要になれば改めてmalloc()するように.
+
+	* parse.y: error recoveryの際にlex_stateを更新しておくように.
+
+Tue Oct 11 17:10:46 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* socket.c(for_fd): ファイル記述子(Fixnum)からソケットインスタンス
+	  を得るメソッド. たとえばinetdから起動されたサーバで標準入出力に
+	  ソケット操作を行なうために使う. つまりSocket.for_fd($stdin)で標
+	  準入力に対応するソケットオブジェクトが得られる.
+
+	* io.c(to_i): IOクラスのインスタンスを整数に変換するとそのファイル
+	  記述子を返すように.
+
+	* numeric.c(num2int): to_iメソッドを使ってできる限り整数に変換する.
+	  以前はnum2fixだけが全てのオブジェクトに対してto_iメソッドを適用
+	  していた.
+
+	* sprintf.c(Fsprintf): 整数表示の際, オブジェクトをできる限り整数
+	  に変換するように(to_iメソッドを使う).
+
+Fri Oct  7 14:06:32 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(Fcaller): 必要性がよく分からないのでドキュメントから削除.
+	  将来デバッガを作る時に復活させよう.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): Cで記述されたメソッド呼び出しでは環境をスタック
+	  にセーブしないことによって高速化.
+
+Wed Oct  5 15:00:58 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* ruby.h: 一時env.hに移動してたQselfの定義を復活. ただし今回は関数
+	  として実現(env.hでは変数として再定義してある).
+
+	* ruby.h: TRUEでsyntax errorにならないよう#undefを追加.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_eval): thread化に挑戦したが, 失敗(速くならなかった).
+	  が, Scopingなどの無駄なコードの削除とメソッド呼び出しの引数セッ
+	  トのinline化で若干の高速化を実現した. 副作用として, argc, argv形
+	  式の関数呼び出しの仕様が変化した(argvにselfを含まなくなった).
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): メソッド呼び出しの高速化.
+
+Tue Oct  4 11:40:53 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* ruby-mode.el: 修飾子に対応した.
+
+	* parse.y: 多重代入にrestをつけた. この機能を使えばoptional引数の
+	  解析が簡単にできる(はず).
+
+	* pack.c(unpack): uuencode形式のdecodeの際に文字列の長さが間違って
+	  いた.
+
+Mon Oct  3 15:58:41 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* file.c(type): ファイルタイプを文字列で返すメソッド.
+
+Fri Sep 30 11:36:07 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* object.c: デフォルトの真の値である%TRUEの値を1(Fixnum)からtに変
+	  更した. to_sで文字列に変換した時にも`t'と表示される. 更に踏み込
+	  んで`t'を予約語にしてlispのようにしようかとも思ったが, そこまで
+	  は決心できなかった. 一文字のローカル変数はかなり使いそうな気がす
+	  るので….
+
+	* array.c,dict.c: equalを再定義しているクラスで, hashを正しく定義
+	  した.
+
+Wed Sep 28 23:30:28 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c(Ffail): 今までfailはカーネルクラスのメソッドであったが,
+	  構文に組み込んだ. この変更によって, 1)`fail'は予約語となり, ロー
+	  カル変数に用いることができなくなった. 2)`fail'単体で例外を発生す
+	  るようになった. 3)failはメソッドではなくなったので再定義される可
+	  能性がなくなった.
+
+	* dic.c, dbm.c(indexes): Arrayのindexesと同様の機能を持つメソッド
+	  を追加.
+
+	* array.c(indexes): 引数をインデックスとする要素の配列を返す. 整数
+	  の配列を引数とする時には引数の要素をインデックスとする要素の配列
+	  を返す.
+
+Mon Sep 19 13:42:31 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* array.c(aset): 部分配列に対する代入で配列以外のオブジェクトが指
+	  定された場合に多重代入と同じルールで配列化するようにした.
+
+	* io.c(print): 引数として与えられた各オブジェクトにprint_onメッセー
+	  ジを与えるように. 実行速度は落ちるが柔軟性は増す.
+
+Fri Sep 16 14:59:18 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* glob.c: ワイルドカードの導入. bashに使われているGNUのglobルーチ
+	  ンを流用した.
+
+Mon Sep 12 18:36:58 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(value_expr): 式がnilの時に対応.
+
+	* class.c: ICLASSのclassが必ずClass/Moduleを指すように.
+
+Tue Sep  6 16:23:28 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* re.c:	正規表現内で「\数字」形式が指定できるように.
+
+	* parse.y:「do expr using var ... end」形式はなくなった. 寂しい気
+	  もする. *BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY*
+
+Mon Sep  5 10:59:01 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* numeric.c(next): Numericクラスにもnextを提供.
+
+	* string.c(upto): uptoを提供.
+
+	* range.c(each): nextを使ったインタフェースからuptoを使うように変
+	  更した. この方が一つのメソッドで処理をまとめで行なうことができる.
+
+Fri Sep  2 15:25:39 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* dict.c(each): 戻り値を[key, value]のペアに変更. 今までのeachは
+	  each_valueとして残る. *BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY*
+
+Thu Sep  1 10:49:04 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* 成功した(特別な戻り値を持たない)システムコールは`0'を返すように.
+
+Wed Aug 31 00:26:51 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* string.c: チェックサムを得るメソッド`sum'を作った.
+
+	* class.c(include_class_new): ICLASSのclassをもとのクラスにした.
+	  gcの際に元クラスをマークする必要があるのが, フィールドを増やす余
+	  地が無いので, classフィールドを流用した. 私の見積りが間違ってい
+	  て, ICLASSのインスタンスにメッセージを送る事があれば, おかしな動
+	  作をするだろう.
+
+	* eval.c(masign): 式(a,b = nil)の値を[nil]からnilに変更した.
+
+Mon Aug 29 11:56:09 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* class.c: rb_define_mfuncを無くして, メタクラスにモジュールをイン
+	  クルードするようにした.
+
+	* error.c(yyerror): 同じ行で複数のsyntax errorをリポートしないよう
+	  にした.
+
+	* file.c: FileTestモジュールにファイルテストメソッドを分離した.
+
+	* parse.y: 演算子を指定する時のlex_stateを正しく設定した.
+
+Sat Aug 27 01:23:34 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* parse.y: if/whileなどの複合式をprimaryに移動した. これによって例
+	  えば「if cond then a else b end.message()」のような式が書けるよ
+	  うになった.
+
+Fri Aug 26 10:46:30 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* spec: 整理された文法にしたがって書き直した.
+
+	* parse.y: ここ数日で混乱していた文法を整理した. 括弧を省略したメ
+	  ソッド呼び出しができるようになったこと, modifierが付けられるよう
+	  になったこと, returnにリストが渡せるようになったことが主な変更点
+	  である.
+
+	* process周りが怪しいがとにかくSolaris 2.3で動くように.
+
+	* parse.y: 曖昧性がない場合にはメソッド呼び出しの引数の括弧を省略
+	  できるように. 省略できるメソッド呼び出しの条件は, 1)かならず1個
+	  以上の引数を必要とすること, 2)第1引数が`+', `-', `(', `[', `{',
+	  `/'など, 式の始まりに置かれた時と途中に現れた時とで解釈が違う記
+	  号で始まらないこと, である.
+
+Thu Aug 25 13:54:58 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(cond): 条件式の展開部にbugがあった.
+
+Wed Aug 24 00:01:15 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* parse.y: returnはコンマで区切ったリストも受け取るように. つまり,
+	  return a, b, cはreturn [a, b, c]と同じ意味になる.
+
+	* parse.y: yield以外の大域脱出制御式をexprからexpr0に移した. よっ
+	  てメソッドの引数に制御式を使えなくなる(これで困る人はいないはず).
+
+	* parse.y: `+'の定数展開の際に演算子の優先順位を忘れていた.
+
+	* eval.c: untilの戻り値はnilになった.
+
+	* parse.y: modifierとしてのif/unless/while/untilを追加.
+
+	* parse.y: 文法からendの後ろにつけるキーワードを削除. ほとんど使わ
+	  なかった上に, emacsではruby-modeがあれば対応のチェックが機械的に
+	  出来るため.
+
+Tue Aug 23 18:08:33 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: スクリプト実行開始前に例外が発生した時にcore dumpした.
+	  組み込み用にコードを変更した時にenbugしてしまった.
+
+Tue Aug 23 00:07:17 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c: doの戻り値がいつもnilになっていた.
+
+	* parse.y: loop制御変数の多重代入化にbugがあった.
+
+	* parse.y(expand_op): 文字列も畳み込みの対象に.
+
+Mon Aug 22 10:50:01 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(expand_op): `+'に関しては結合則を使って, より多く定数畳
+	  み込みを行なうように.
+
+	* ruby.c(proc_options): argcが0の時にも対応.
+
+	* parse.y: forなどの制御変数に多重代入も使えるように.
+
+Sat Aug 20 00:59:40 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* parse.y(call_op): 演算子`~'の取り扱いをルール部へ移動.
+
+Fri Aug 19 11:44:13 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* main.c: rubyをほかのプログラムに組み込めるようにmain()を分割した.
+	  それにともない, プログラムの呼び出し構造を修正した.
+
+	* parse.y: 条件式の定義を変更. ifなどの条件式の中でだけ`&&'や`||'
+	  および`!'の引数が条件式になるように. この変更により条件式以外の
+	  場所での `&&', `||', `!'演算子の動作が直観に一致する.
+
+	* parse.y: 実引数の`*'の後に続く引数はexprに制限した. 今までは全て
+	  の文が有効であったが, ここで定義文があってもしょうがない.
+
+Thu Aug 18 10:21:45 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* re.c: 正規表現ルーチンの初期化部分を削除してしまっていた. これで
+	  はemacsの正規表現になってしまう.
+
+	* version.c: copyright表示を追加.
+
+	* version.c: バージョン表示をstderrに.
+
+	* configure.in: gccがない場合testに失敗していた.
+
+Fri Aug 12 14:12:23 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* array.c(astore): 配列の拡大する時にある程度の大きさをまとめて拡
+	  大するように.
+
+	* io.c(Fprint): 配列に対しては一度文字列に変換することなく, 直接内
+	  容を出力するように.
+
+	* string.c(str_new): memmoveからmemcpyへ置き換えた. これでもかなり
+	  速度が違う.
+
+	* ruby.h: データメンバの取り出しで名前を文字列からIDで指定するよう
+	  にした. かなりの高速化になる.
+
+	* io.c: $ARGFという変数で引数列からなる仮想ファイルをオブジェクト
+	  として扱えるようにした. 今まではトップレベルのgets()などを使って
+	  アクセスしていたが, どうもオブジェクト指向的ではなかった.
+
+Thu Aug 11 11:43:15 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* gc.c: mark_location()の間違った呼び出し方の行が残っていた.
+
+	* method.c: プロトタイプ宣言が足りなかった.
+
+Wed Aug 10 15:54:46 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* variable.c: -vオプションが指定されている時は初期化されていない,
+	  大域変数, インスタンス変数, ローカル変数を参照した時点でwarning
+	  を出すようにした.
+
+Tue Aug  9 11:50:48 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* bignum.c: 冪乗に関しても多倍長演算を行なうように. 特に浮動小数点
+	  数の範囲を越えた時の処理を的確に行なうように.
+
+	* eval.c: メソッド定義後は構文木から, メソッド定義部分を外す. 無駄
+	  な再定義が起こらないようにするためと2重にfree()されないため.
+
+	* array.c(Fary_aref): 引数が1つでFixnumの時, Range checkを行なわな
+	  いように修正.
+
+	* eval.c: メソッドの引数の数をコンパイル時に計算して若干の高速化.
+
+Mon Aug  8 13:06:24 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* object.c: nilによる比較連鎖をなくした.
+
+	* parse.y: bit演算子の優先順位を比較演算子よりも強くした.  Cとは異
+	  なることになるが, 直観には合致する.
+
+	* gc.c: クラスを解放する時, 個々のメソッド毎にキャッシュをクリアす
+	  るのではなく, クラス単位でクリアするように.
+
+Thu Aug  4 18:45:09 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* methods.c(method_free): 解放されたメソッドに関してキャッシュをク
+	  リアしておく必要があった.
+
+	* gc.c: Dataクラスのデータ部分をfree()し忘れていた.
+
+Wed Aug  3 09:58:14 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: def func .. end形式による関数メソッドの定義はなくなった.
+
+	* methods.c: func形式のメソッドをなくした. あっても, あまり意味が
+	  ないので.
+
+	* eval.c: $0への代入でps(1)の出力が変化するように.
+
+	* io.c(Fsyscall): syscall()を実現.
+
+Mon Aug  1 13:41:11 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: ダブルクォートで囲まれた文字列や正規表現中で"#{変数名}"
+	  または"#変数名"という形式で変数の内容を埋め込むことができるよう
+	  になった.
+
+	* io.c: 関数メソッドsystem2()はなくなった. 今はバッククォートがあ
+	  るからね.
+
+	* parse.y: `cmd`によってコマンドを文字列に展開することができるよう
+	  になった.
+
+	* parse.y: __FILE__, __LINE__を追加. それぞれファイル名(文字列),
+	  行番号(整数)を値とする疑似変数.
+
+Fri Jul 29 13:16:07 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* methods.h: メソッドをオブジェクトとして扱うのをやめる. メソッド
+	  のメモリ管理にはリファレンスカウントを使うことにした. これでオブ
+	  ジェクトの数が減ってほんの少しだけGCが速くなる(かな).
+
+	* purifyによってメモリ関係のバグを検査した(見つかる,見つかる…).
+
+	* gc.c: GCをプログラマが変数をマークする形式から, スタックとレジス
+	  タからマークする方法に変更. 移植性が下がるような気もするが, siod
+	  やscmでも採用されているから多分大丈夫だろう. Linux on i486でも動
+	  作を確認した.
+
+Wed Jul 27 16:13:13 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(Eval): トップレベルでは構造木をfreeしないように. どうせ解
+	  放されるから時間の無駄である.
+
+	* array.c, dict.c: "=="を構造一致に変更.
+
+Fri Jul 22 10:14:09 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* error.c: 組み込みタイプの名前を登録し忘れていた.
+
+Thu Jul 21 14:06:48 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(freenode),eval.c(Eval): 解析木を解放し忘れていた.
+
+Mon Jul 18 10:19:15 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: 多重代入を処理するルールにバグがあって, 3要素以上の多重
+	  代入に失敗していた.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_eval): 多重代入で, 右辺が配列でない時には`to_a'メソッ
+	  ドで配列に変換して代入するようにした. 今までの仕様だと右辺値が第
+	  1要素にそのまま代入されていたが, structなど配列に変換できるもの
+	  は変換した方が嬉しい気がする.
+
+	* dbm.c,dict.c(delete_if): メソッド追加.
+
+	* process.c(wait,waitpid): システムコールwaitpidまたはwait4がある
+	  時はそちらを使うように. configureもそれらをチェックするように変更.
+
+	* dbm.c, dict.c(clear): メソッド追加.
+
+Fri Jul 15 10:54:45 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* array.c(Fary_fill,Fary_clear): メソッドを追加.
+
+	* string.c(Fstr_split): $;の値が長さ1の文字列である時, これを正規
+	  表現化しないで, 単なる文字として分割する.
+
+	* string.c(Fstr_aset/Fstr_aref): インデックスが文字列の範囲外だっ
+	  た時の動作をArrayを参考に修正した.
+
+	* array.c(astore,Fary_aset): 領域をreallocした後, ゼロでクリアする
+	  ように. 今まで配列にゴミが入っていた.
+
+	* array.c: []/[]=でのインデックス関係を整理. 基本的に負のインデッ
+	  クスに代入しない限り例外は起きないように変更した. 必要に応じて適
+	  当に解釈して, 必要ならば領域を拡張するように.
+
+Thu Jul 14 11:18:07 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* autoexec.c: 削除. autoload関係の機能は今後検討しよう.
+
+	* dict.c: 辞書クラスの正式名称をDictに変更した. 別名としてHashを用
+	  意した. 今までDictionaryなどと長い名前にしていたが誰も使っていな
+	  かったしね. *BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY*
+
+	* parse.y: Dictを生成する構文を追加. こちらを{..}にした.
+
+	* parse.y: 配列を生成する構文を[..]に変更した. 過去のRubyスクリプ
+	  トとの互換性が保てないが, Dictを生成する構文を導入するに当たり,
+	  perl5に合わせて(意識して), 変更する時期は今しかないと考えた.
+	  *BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY*
+
+	* eval.c(Feval): eval()でメソッドを定義する時, 定義されるクラスを
+	  メソッドの所属するクラスにした. 今まではObjectクラスに定義されて
+	  いた.
+
+	* parse.y: ローカル引数がない時のeval()で落ちていた.
+
+Tue Jul 12 09:41:28 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* pack.c: uuencode形式のサポート.
+
+	* `-0'を`-R'に. 出力レコードセパレータをコマンドラインから指定する
+	  方法はなくなった. どうも, 仕様がゆれるなあ.
+
+Mon Jul 11 09:51:24 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* ruby.c: `-r'オプションは`-0'オプションになった. 当面は`-r'も有効
+	  だが変更される可能性がある. `-R'は当面はそのまま.
+
+	* version.c: version表示に日付を含めた.
+
+	* parse.y: private methodの復活. RubyのprivateメソッドはC++におけ
+	  るprotected methodに該当するもので, `@'で始まる名前を持つ.
+
+	* env.h: struct ENVIRONの定義を分離.
+
+	* parse.y: `\$var', `\@var', `%var'も許すように.
+
+	* variable.c(Fdefined): idも引数として受け付けるように.
+
+	* parse.y: if文/unless文にキーワードthenを追加. thenなしというのは,
+	  意外と間違いが多いので. もちろん省略できる.
+
+Sat Jul  9 02:16:04 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c(rb_eval): class/moduleの評価で新しいスコープを割り当てて
+	  いなかった. スコープ割り当て部分をrb_call()からrb_eval()に移した.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): realloc()に渡される事のある, ローカル変数用の領
+	  域をalloca()していた. たまに落ちるわけだ.
+
+	* string.c(Fstr_times): 割り当てた領域を越えた部分を変更していた.
+
+Wed Jul  6 15:52:42 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* socket.c: Socket -> BasicSocket, RawSocket -> Socket に改名.
+
+	* string.c(ucfirst,lcfirst): 最初の1文字だけの大文字/小文字変換.
+
+	* numeric.c(chr): 整数の文字列化メソッド.
+
+	* inits.c, dbm.c: DBMが使えない時はクラスそのものを定義しないよう
+	  にした.  利用できないクラスはnilとすることを今後のポリシーとしよ
+	  う(いままではアクセスした時点でエラーが発生していた). autoexec()
+	  のあり方も検討が必要になりそうだ.
+
+	* bignum.c(bigadd): バグ修正.
+
+Thu Jul  7 11:12:18 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(Fload,Feval): eval_treeをクリアし忘れていた.
+
+	* _inspect: オブジェクトを可読形式の文字列に変換する(主にデバッグ
+	  出力用).
+
+Wed Jul  6 00:57:18 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* numeric.c, bignum.c: 整数に対する`[]'演算子. nビット目がセットさ
+	  れているかどうかを返す.
+
+Tue Jul  5 12:48:39 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* io.c(Feof): 追加. コマンドラインからなる仮想ファイルについても
+	  EOFが検出できるように.
+
+	* ruby.c: -l/-r/-R/-Xオプションの追加.
+
+	* ruby.c: -n/-pオプションのloopの付加などをメインルーチンに移動し
+	  た. これで, オプションの解析途中で(`-c'オプションのせいで)終了な
+	  どといったことはない.
+
+	* io.c(Fgets): 高速化. 凝ったことをしない方が速かった. 虚しい.
+
+Mon Jul  4 15:55:48 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* Socket:getsockname/getpeername - ようやく仕様が安定した.
+
+	* io.c(Fgets): eachでgetsを記述するのではなく, getsでeachを記述す
+	  るようにした.
+
+Fri Jul  1 10:35:49 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* $ENV[env] = nil/$ENV.delete(env)で環境変数を削除できるようになっ
+	  た. $ENV.deleteは環境変数の以前の値を返す.
+
+	* !~の定義が間違っていた.
+
+	* Dict,DBM:[]= - nilの代入によって要素を削除できるようになった. こ
+	  れにともないnilはDictの要素になれなくなった.
+
+	* ソースの整理. 盲腸のような使われていないコードをなくしたり, 変数
+	  名を付け変えたりした.
+
+Fri Jul  1 00:21:29 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* Array:join() - 要素数0の配列に対して空文字列を返す.
+
+	* RawSocket:open(),socketpair() - 文字列で指定できるドメインとタイ
+	  プをいくつか追加した.
+
+Thu Jun 30 13:51:29 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* -fオプションをなくした. 昔(loadのなかった頃)の名残なので, 今となっ
+	  ては必要ないだろう.
+
+	* -sオプションを追加. perlの-sオプションと同じ動きをする.
+
+	* RawSocketクラスを提供する. Socketに対するシステムコールレベルの
+	  アクセスが可能になった.
+
+Thu Jun 30 00:27:19 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* Socket - bug fixes.
+
+	* linuxではsyscall(SYS_select)が正常に動作しない.
+
+	* Socket:addr,peeraddr - 配列としてsockaddrの情報を返す.
+
+Wed Jun 29 00:14:20 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* Socket:setopt,getopt - setsockopt(2), getsockopt(2)へのアクセス
+	  を実現.
+
+	* sprintf() - rubyにはunsignedは無いので, %uを取り除いた.
+
+	* sprintf() - %b, %x, %oでは2の補数表現, %B, %X, %Oでは符号付き表
+	  現で出力するように. ここ数日でsprintf()の仕様がゆらいでいたが,
+	  これで落ち着きそうだ.
+
+Tue Jun 28 14:42:03 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* Bignum:<<,>> - 2の補数をとる処理を除いた. シフト演算には関係ない
+	  処理だった.
+
+	* Bignum:^ - bug fix. 符合が反対だった.
+
+	* sprintf() - 2進出力子"%b"を追加.
+
+	* sprintf() - %x, %oでFixnumを出力する時, 2の補数表示を行なわない.
+
+	* sprintf() - %x, %oはやはり負の数の時は`-'を出力するように.
+
+Mon Jun 27 14:56:13 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* sprintf() - Bignumについても%d, %oは(2の補数表現に変換して)正の
+	  整数を表示するようにした.
+
+	* Bignumに対する論理演算の定義を修正した. 負の数は2の補数表現であ
+	  るとみなし, かつ仮想的に左側に無限に1が連続しているような演算結
+	  果を得る.
+
+	* Fixnum:<<,>> - 符合付シフトに変更.
+
+	* Bignum:>> - 負の整数のシフトに対応した.
+
+	* __END__, ^D, ^Zでスクリプトを終了できる.
+
+	* -xオプションを追加. #! ..rubyなる行まで読み飛ばす.
+
+	* -cオプションを追加. コンパイルのみを行う.
+
+Sat Jun 25 01:37:21 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* Fixnum:<< - 必要に応じてBignumに拡張して左シフトするように. よっ
+	  て, シフト幅が32を越えるとCやPerlとは違った値を返す.
+
+Fri Jun 24 10:01:28 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* ioctl()/fcntl() - システムコールを呼び出す前にバッファの大きさを
+	  調節するようにした.
+
+	* String:toupper/tolower - 文字列を置き換えたコピーを作るのではな
+	  く, 元の文字列の内容を変更するようにした.
+
+	* inplace editを実現した. perlと同じように`-i'オプションで指定する.
+	  もっとも, こちらはMS-DOSのこととか考えてないけど.
+
+	* デフォルトの出力先を追加した. 今までは$stdoutに代入するしか方法
+	  はなかった.
+
+Fri Jun 17 10:55:08 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* 環境変数にアクセスする方法としてgetenv()/setenv()以外に$ENVを用
+	  意した. $ENVは文字列-文字列の辞書であるかのように動作するEnvDict
+	  オブジェクトが代入されている(eachはassocを与える).
+
+	* nilに代入するとcore dumpした. コンパイル時のチェックを強化.
+
+	* Struct: struct_new()の引数をGCプロテクトする必要がある. せめてス
+	  タック領域だけでもスキャンできるようにしなければいけないんだろう
+	  か? でも, 移植性がなあ.
+
+Fri Jun 17 01:01:46 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* Time::asctime() - 日付のフォーマットで日が落ちていた.
+
+	* Stat: StatはEtcなどと同様にStructで実現したので, Statクラスは無
+	  くなった.
+
+Thu Jun 16 10:32:23 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* bignum.c: いくつかのバグを修正した. Fixnumを渡すべきところで普通
+	  のintを渡していた. 失敗.
+
+	* big2str() - 1桁ずつbaseで割る代わりに, 4桁ずつ割算を行なうように
+	  した. これで多倍長割算の回数が1/4になる. さらに整数->数(文字)へ
+	  の変換をテーブルを用いるようにした.
+
+	* rb_ivar_get_1() - すでに何らかのインスタンス変数を持つオブジェク
+	  トでは, 未定義のインスタンス変数の値が不定値になっていた.
+
+	* yylex() - インスタンス変数の認識に失敗していた. attr()は正しく動
+	  作していたので, 混用すると動作しなかった. 全部違っていたから動い
+	  ていたのね.
+
+	* Object:attr() - すでにアクセスメソッドが定義されている時にはデフォ
+	  ルトのアクセスメソッドを定義しないようにした. もっともアクセスメ
+	  ソッドと同名のメソッドの区別はRubyには存在しないけど, それは仕方
+	  がないよね.
+
+	* pack.c: エンディアンをautoconfで判定するようにしたので, v/Vが使
+	  えるようになった. またntoh?()/hton?()も自前で用意した.
+
+	* Stat: st_rdevをアクセスするメソッドを追加. さらにシステムがstat
+	  構造体にst_blksize, st_blockを持っているかをautoconfでチェックす
+	  るようにした.
+
+	* ドキュメントを少し整備した.
+
+	* INT2FIX()のうち, 31bit幅が保証できないものは, int2inum()に置き換
+	  えた.
+
+Wed Jun 15 10:18:27 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* sprintf() - bignumの出力の時, 出力幅を正しく計算するようにした.
+
+	* str2inum() - baseが0の時, baseを自動判定するように(0xで始まる時
+	  16 進, 0で始まる時8進).
+
+Tue Jun 14 16:08:42 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* gc.c: Bignum型を追加するのを忘れていた. 組み込み型を追加した時に
+	  は必ずmark()とsweep()にその型に関する処理を追加する必要がある.
+
+	* bignum: 割算も動いたような気がする. アルゴリズムを理解していない
+	  ので, 自信がない.
+
+Mon Jun 13 14:36:55 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* まだサポートしていないメソッドなどがあるが, 曲がりなりにもBignum
+	  が使えるようになる. これでioctlも使える.
+
+Fri Jun 10 17:26:42 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* Comparable: 基礎となるメソッドを`=='と`>'から`<=>'に変更した. 今
+	  後Comparableのサブクラスは`<=>'だけを再定義する必要がある.
+
+Wed Jun  8 13:12:18 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* Need_Fixnum()をほとんどなくして, NUM2INT()で直接intに変換するこ
+	  とにした. これで31bitに丸めて桁落ちをおこす問題がなくなる.
+
+Tue Jun  7 09:45:31 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* ruby.h: マクロFIXABLE(n)を追加. ついでにFIXNUM周りの定義を変更し
+	  て, 移植性を高めた(つもり).
+
+	* C++の予約語であるnewを削除した. しかし, もうひとつの予約語である
+	  classに関しては, 置き換える単語が思いつかないこともあってそのま
+	  まになっている.
+
+	* 31bitを越えそうなINT2FIX()を関数呼び出しに変えた. 将来bignumが導
+	  入された時には自動的にbignumを返すようにする.
+
+	* readline() - 引数の`-'は標準入力を意味するようになった.
+
+	* ruby.h: 右シフトが論理シフトか算術シフトかは処理系依存のようなの
+	  で, ruby.hでcppを使ってチェックするようにした. これでうまくいく
+	  と思うのだが, 手元に符合付intを論理シフトする処理系がないので確
+	  認できない. NEWS-OSのCCは確か右シフトはいつも論理シフトだったよ
+	  うな気がするんだけど….
+
+Mon Jun  6 10:10:22 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* FIX2INT()の定義を変更した. どうして昔はうまく動かなかったんだろ
+	  うか? もしかして, 右シフトの符号拡張は処理系依存?
+
+	* FIX2INT()とFIX2UINT()を使い分けるようにした. もっともfixnumは31
+	  ビットしかないので, 本質的な解決にはならないのだが(ioctlが組み込
+	  みたかった).
+
+	* printを関数的メソッドから通常メソッドに変更. 引数が与えられない
+	  時にはレシーバをプリントするようにした. これでprintをメッセージ
+	  形式でも実行できるようになった. 例:
+
+		ruby -e 'readlines().sort.print'
+
+	  上のスクリプトは, 引数として与えられた(あるいは標準入力から読み
+	  込まれた)文字列を各行毎にソートして表示する.
+
+	* eval.c: argc,argvパターンで引数を受けるメソッドに引数が一つも与
+	  えられない時, argvがnilになっていた(argv[0]にアクセスすると落ち
+	  てしまう).
+
+	* _exit()を追加. こちらは例外処理など行なわない.
+
+	* dbmクラス: クラス名称をDBM(大文字)に統一した.
+
+Sat Jun  4 00:51:04 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* ループ変数にも属性や配列要素を指定できるようにした.
+
+Fri Jun  3 09:49:48 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* 多重代入において, 属性代入, 配列要素への代入も行なえるようにした.
+
+	* Need_Fixnum(): nilを0に変換するように.
+
+	* Enumerable:min, max, index, includes - 追加. min, maxは要素が
+	  `<=>'メソッドを持つことを仮定している.
+
+	* Dict/Dbm:length - 要素数を返すメソッド.
+
+	* Dbmクラスにto_aメソッドを追加.
+
+	* Sunにおけるsortの誤動作の件, 昨日の修正でfixされた. しかし, それ
+	  でなぜ動かなかったのかは明らかではないが…. 比較関数がどんな値を
+	  返しても指定した領域外をアクセスするのはバグではないか.
+
+	* ファイルの全内容を読んで, 各行を配列として返すメソッドはpythonを
+	  参考にして`readlines'という名前にした. それにともないgetsに対し
+	  てreadlineという別名を用意した.
+
+Fri Jun  3 00:08:38 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* Array:sort - 判別関数の戻り値はFixnumではなく, Intであるべきだっ
+	  た. 間違い. Sunで動作がおかしかったのはこのせいかも知れない.
+
+Thu Jun  2 11:48:37 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* IO:read_all() - ストリームの最後まで入力して, 各行を要素とする配
+	  列を返すメソッドを追加. また関数メソッド read_all()も追加した.
+  	  これは引数のファイルから読み込んで各行を要素とする配列を返す. 意
+	  味的には
+
+		def read_all()
+	  	  ary = {}
+	  	  while gets()
+		    ary.push($_)
+		  end
+		end
+
+	  とほぼ等価である.
+
+	* String:atoiメソッドを削除. to_aメソッドからaが配列であるとの連想
+	  を呼んで, 混乱を招かないため. 代わりにto_iメソッドを使うこと.
+
+	* 配列への変換メソッドto_aを導入した. 通常のオブジェクトは自分自身
+	  を唯一の要素とする長さ1の配列を返す. 配列は自分自身を, 辞書はキー
+	  と値のペアの配列を返す. Enumeratedをincludeしたクラスは, eachが
+	  返す各要素を含む配列を返す.
+
+	* file.c: 不定個の引数を受けとるメソッド(chmod,chown,utimes)を書き
+	  換えて, 整理した. それに伴い, 最初に全ての引数の型チェックを行な
+	  うようにした. 型チェックに失敗すると処理を行なわずに例外を発生さ
+	  せる.
+
+	* configure.in: 不必要なテストを行なわないように修正した.
+
+Tue May 31 10:41:08 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* String:pack(): 2進数の文字列変換(B,b)で0と1が逆だった.
+
+	* Math.c: 実数系のメソッドに引数として整数が渡された時に自動的に変
+	  換するようにした.
+
+	* toupper(), tolower(): 文字列の判定ミスで変換されていなかった.
+
+	* getopt_long()の仕様によって, スクリプトへの引数がインタプリタの
+	  引数だと解釈されていた. 引数パターン文字列の先頭に`+'を追加.
+
+	* config.hを削除した. DEFINEはMakefileで与えられる.
+
+	* sprintf(): "%d"に文字列が与えられた時にはアドレスではなく内容を
+	  整数に変換するようにした. ついでに浮動小数点数も変換するように変
+	  更した.
+
+	* regexp.c: rubyの拡張正規表現(\d, \D, \s, \S)の処理で割り当てた領
+	  域を越えてバッファに書き込んでいた. 処理前にバッファをきちんと拡
+	  張するようにした. これで昨日問題にしていたメモリの問題は解決でき
+	  たと思う.
+
+	* yylex(): ダブルクォート文字列中でダブルクォートを表現するため
+	  のバックスラッシュ表現ができなかった.
+
+Mon May 30 10:07:42 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* 演算子`!'の右辺も条件式であるとした. これによって, この演算子を
+	  再定義する人は混乱するかも知れないが, 大多数のこの演算子を使う人
+	  は混乱を避けることができると思う.
+
+	* autoconfを使って, 自動的にMakefile, config.hを生成するようにした.
+	  これで, 多くのマシンでは`configure'を実行した後, `make'一発でコ
+	  ンパイルできると思う.
+
+	* clone: サブクラスに対して用いられた場合, 元のオブジェクトと同じ
+	  クラスのインスタンスを返すように(以前はビルトインクラスの場合を
+	  考えてなかった).
+
+	* ビルトインクラスのサブクラスも作れるように, リテラルのあるクラス
+	  にもnewメソッドを追加した.
+
+	* malloc()で落ちる. purifyが必要かも知れない.
+
+	* re.c: rb_global_variable()の呼びだし形式の間違い. 変数へのポイン
+	  タを渡さなければいけない.
+
+	* parse.y: ローカル変数の扱いに引数の評価順に依存する移植性のない
+	  部分があった.
+
+	* attr(): 属性設定のバグを直した. いつ内部仕様が変わったんだろう…?
+
+Sat May 28 23:08:18 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* 正規表現キャッシュの文字列一致判定をポインタ一致から内容一致に変
+	  更した. そういえば文字列リテラルは一回毎に新しくオブジェクトが生
+	  成されるのだった.
+
+Fri May 27 11:42:00 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* trから文字削除(delete), 文字圧縮(squeeze)を分離した. それにとも
+	  ないtrのオプション引数はなくなった.
+
+Thu May 26 10:32:55 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* スクリプト読み込みルーチンを書き直して, 通常ファイル以外のファイ
+	  ル名や空文字列がスクリプトとして与えられた場合に対応した. また,
+	  標準入力からスクリプトを読み込む時に, 一時ファイルが/tmpに残らな
+	  いようにした.
+
+	* Fixnum:id2name - IDから文字列に戻す関数. String:internの逆.
+
+	* Array: 配列の範囲外の要素をアクセスした時に例外を発生させずに,
+	  nilを返すようにした. 配列は自動的に拡張される.
+
+	* string:stripを追加.
+
+	* -nオプションが-eオプションを複数指定した時も動作するように.
+
+	* parse.yで<sys/types.h>もインクルードするようにした.
+
+	* fname周りの細かいbugを修正.
+
+Wed May 26 11:45:10 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* 定数をキャッシュするようにした. 繰り返しが多い場合には有効のはず
+	  だが, 一度しかアクセスしない場合は遅くなるなあ.
+
+Wed May 25 00:42:24 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* 多重代入文(foo, bar = 1, 2)の採用.
+
+	* 条件式部に文字列あるいは正規表現リテラルをおくと`=~'演算子によっ
+	  て`$_'と比較される. 更に`...'の両辺では整数リテラルが`$.'と比較
+	  される.
+
+Mon May 23 23:27:03 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* &式 形式はなくなった. 代わりにkernel:apply(id, args..)を導入.
+
+	* def op () ..形式の導入. opは再定義可能な演算子.
+
+	* constantの代入時チェック. 既に初期化されている定数に代入した場合
+	  は例外が発生する.
+
+	* 多重代入文.
+
+Thu May 19 22:57:07 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* 複合文でもvoid valueのチェックを行うようにした.
+
+	* untilの動作の修正(do..until型だった).
+
+Wed May 18 01:06:25 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* 移植に関する若干の問題を修正.
+
+	* 別名の構文を「def a b」にした.
+
+	* until/unless: 演算子から制御文へ. 例外を捕捉する機能はそのまま.
+
+	* 選択可能な機能をconfig.hからdefines.hに移動.
+
+Fri May 13 23:20:21 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* -yオプションを新設. -dオプションからコンパイラのデバッグ部分を分
+	  離した.
+
+Tue Apr 25 20:17:33 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* マルチバイト文字列を識別子に使えるように. 個人的には使いたくは無
+	  いけどなあ.
+
+	* `-v'フラグの状態を$verboseでアクセスできるように.
+
+	* CVSの導入に伴い, バージョン管理の方法を変更.
+
+	* 真面目にChangeLogをつける事にした.
+
+Tue Mar  8 10:09:25 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* %変数名 によるクラス定数を導入.
+
+	* undef メソッド によるメソッド定義の取り消しを導入.
+
+	* rb_get_method_bodyではthe_envを変更せず, rb_call()で明示的に変更
+	  するように. これでresponds_toなどで環境が破壊されない.
+
+Mon Mar  7 17:46:15 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* 「&文字列」形式. 「式.文字列」型のメッセージセンドはなくなった.
+
+	* 自己代入形式(+=. -=, ...)
+
+	* obj.attr = expr形式の採用.
+
+Thu Feb 24 16:23:28 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* toint, tofloat, print_stringをそれぞれto_i, to_f, to_sに変更.
+
+	* String:clone - Copy on Writeの実現.
+
+Tue Feb 22 11:11:44 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* re.c: マッチした文字列の保存に失敗していた.
+
+	* trap: 可能ならば処理に時間のかかるシステムコール(read, wait,
+	  sigpause, select)をフックして割り込み処理の即答性を高める(DOSな
+	  どでは無理だなあ).
+
+	* trap: 割り込みをその場で処理するか(迅速だが危険), 安全なタイミン
+	  グで処理するかを選択できるように.
+
+Tue Feb 17 11:11:12 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* trap: 割り込みハンドラ.
+
+Wed Feb 16 12:29:12 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* String:crypt: 暗号化ルーチン
+
+	* "::"演算子の追加. a::b は {a, b}と同義. a::b::c は {a, {b, c}}と
+	  同義(右結合). 同義とはいうものの, "::"演算子を使った方が少しだけ
+	  メモリ効率が良い.
+
+	* Dir.rmdir(), File.unlink(), File.utime() -- 各システムコールへの
+	  インタフェース.
+
+	* kill -- kill(2) I/F
+
+	* select(): readのチェックではstdioにバッファリングされているかど
+	  うかをチェックするように.
+
+Tue Feb 15 15:08:31 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* file.c: statをキャッシュするように.
+
+	* File:utime()を追加.
+
+	* unliteralize(): フラグを破壊していた.
+
+	* Bug(): coreを吐くように.
+
+	* String:tr -- tr(1)互換. 引数パターンがちょっと違うけど….
+
+Mon Feb 14 18:24:13 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* unless, untilが例外も偽と見なすように.
+
+	* select() -- select(2) I/F
+
+	* Array:pack, String:unpack: perlのpack/unpackの同等品
+
+Tue Feb  8 17:11:10 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* setenv()のないシステムのためにputenv()を使ったコードも用意した.
+
+Mon Feb  7 09:52:44 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* 引数の一番最後に`*'を置けるようにした. これでrest引数のリストを
+	  操作する必要が少なくなる.
+
+Fri Feb  4 18:23:26 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* ruby-mode.elを書き直す. ずいぶんましになったと思う.
+
+	* 文字列リテラルのCopy on Writeを実現. これで文字列がリテラルであ
+	  るからといっていちいちcloneしなくても済む.
+
+Tue Feb  1 09:21:09 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* sub(), gsub()で, マッチした文字列を$&, $1..$9でアクセスできるよ
+	  うにした. 同時にマッチした部分文字列をコピーしておくように(元の
+	  文字列が変更されても状態を保存するため).
+
+Mon Jan 31 15:16:58 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* プライベートメソッドの仕様を変更. 今までは同じクラスのメソッドか
+	  らしかアクセスできなかったが, サブクラスのメソッドからもアクセス
+	  できるようにした(C++におけるprotected メンバ関数).
+
+	* メソッドサーチのアルゴリズムを改善し, 10%程度の高速化を行なった.
+
+	* 高速化. Cで記述されたメソッドを呼び出す時にはsetjmpを呼ばないよ
+	  うにした. これでCメソッドを多用する場合には3倍程度高速になった.
+
+Fri Jan 28 15:44:04 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* sh-modeを元にruby-mode.elを作る. 演算子で終る, 2行に渡る文には対
+	  応していないけど….
+
+Thu Jan 27 11:35:19 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* freenode(): NODE_NILの解放忘れ.
+
+	* 字句解析部のバグ修正(コメントの後の状態を戻し忘れ).
+
+	* protect .. endのバグ修正. GC_LINKのネストが不正だった.
+
+	* joinのバグ修正(使っているオブジェクトをfreeしていた).
+
+	* splitのバグ修正(アルゴリズムがおかしかった).
+
+	* fork()を追加.
+
+Wed Jan 26 17:09:56 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* ファイルテストメソッドの追加.
+
+	* rb_autoexec(): クラスを初めてアクセスした時の挙動を制御できるよ
+	  うにした. これでautoloadも実現できる. これにともないメソッド
+	  unknownはなくなった.
+
+Tue Jan 25 15:51:36 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* Dbmクラス, Mathモジュールを作成.
+
+	* -Iオプションでサーチパスに追加できるように.
+
+	* サーチパスを変数$load_pathに設定できるように.
+
+	* load(): ダイナミックロードを使えるようにした.
+
+Tue Jan 18 14:14:01 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* Comparable:"<=>"
+
+	* Float,Fixnum:"**"
+
+	* Array:sort
+
+Fri Jan 14 16:53:37 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* version 0.07
+
+	* メソッドに関するドキュメントを充実させた.
+
+	* String:index(): 引数positionを増やした.
+
+Thu Jan 13 15:13:52 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* 未初期化の変数アクセスをなくした.
+
+	* 無駄なhash tableのアロケーションを削除.
+
+	* Purify'd(on Sun)
+
+	* ~RE と ~STRのコンパイル時展開の抑制.
+
+	* Sunへ移植. signal()の戻り値. RDataのbug修正.
+
+	* parse.y: nlsルールを削除.
+
+	* yylex(): 改行と符合の解析部分を変更.
+
+	* missing/strftime.c: 移植用.
+
+	* Time:strftime: その他のメソッドもstrftimeを利用するように.
+
+	* メソッド再定義時にメソッドキャッシュをクリアする.
+
+Fri Jan  7 15:23:20 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* Float:coerce(): FixnumとFloat以外の引数を与えられるた時には例外
+	  を発生するように.
+
+	* Stat: stat構造体の全てのメンバに対するアクセスメソッドを用意.
+
+	* 未定義のクラス/モジュールへの参照がunknownメソッドを呼び出すよう
+	  にした.
+
+	* baseline - version 0.06.
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog-0.50_to_0.60 b/doc/ChangeLog-0.50_to_0.60
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f5b03ff40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog-0.50_to_0.60
@@ -0,0 +1,462 @@
+Thu Dec  8 00:32:21 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* io.c($<.file,$<.filename): きちんと初期化．
+
+	* parse.y(rb_class2name): includeしているクラス名を正常に表示でき
+	  なかった．
+
+Wed Dec  7 15:40:36 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* dln.c: config.hをincludeしていなかった．
+
+	* missing/strdup.c: 忘れていた．
+
+Fri Dec  2 15:21:44 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* 関数の命名ルールを変えた(クラスメソッド: Sxxx_xxx，ユーティリティ
+	  メソッドxxx_xxxなど)．
+
+	* re.c(casefold): 個々の正規表現オブジェクトが大文字小文字を無視す
+	  るかどうかを設定できるようにした．
+
+Thu Dec  1 01:44:51 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* missing.c: システムで提供されないファイルの扱いを変更した．
+
+	* io.c($<): 変数`$<'が指しているものを現在読み込み中のファイル名か
+	  ら仮想ファイル($ARGF)に変更した．また，現在読み込み中のファイル
+	  名とファイルオブジェクトにアクセスするメソッドも用意した．
+
+	* ruby.h(data_new): Dataオブジェクトの割り当て方法を改善した．
+
+Wed Nov 30 15:36:13 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* Makefile: ルールを整理した．
+
+Tue Nov 29 00:09:26 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* array.c(`|'): 引数が配列でなく，かつそのオブジェクトが要素として
+	  含まれていない時，そのオブジェクトを追加する．あればなにもしない．
+
+	* process.c(gid,egid): GIDをアクセスするメソッド．
+
+	* io.c(print): 文字列と配列に対する処理を組み込んで若干の高速化を
+	  図った．出力が多い場合に効いてくるようだ．
+
+	* parse.y(parse_string): ""で囲まれた文字列内では対応するエスケー
+	  プがない`\'を残さないように．つまり，今後は"\k" -> "k"である(以
+	  前は"\k"だった)．
+
+Mon Nov 28 18:02:31 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* re.c(re_regsub): 置換文字列の置換えが不完全だった．
+
+	* 一時オブジェクトの解放をすべてGCに任せた．今のままではまずいタイ
+	  ミングでオブジェクトを解放する可能性があった．昔のGCの時にはこれ
+	  でも良かったのだが．
+
+Tue Nov 22 00:15:24 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c($"): 既にロードしたファイル名の配列．
+
+Mon Nov 21 01:09:50 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* array.c(&,|): 集合としての積演算と和演算．
+
+	* io.c($<): 文字列を代入した時には自動的にopenするように．IOのサブ
+	  クラスかどうかのチェックも行う．
+
+Sun Nov 19 23:02:27 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c($:): $LOAD_PATHの別名．
+
+	* io.c($>): デフォルト出力先．IO.defaultは無くなった．
+
+	* io.c($<): $FILENAMEの別名
+
+	* glob.c(each): ワイルドカードにマッチするものがない場合，パターン
+	  そのものを与えるように．
+
+	* file.c(chmod,chown,unlink,utime): `\'でワイルドカードをエスケー
+	  プできるように．
+
+Fri Nov 18 00:20:42 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.55 released
+
+	* file.c(chmod,chown,unlink,utime): 引数として与えられた文字列にワ
+	  イルドカードが含まれている場合にはGlobオブジェクトに変換する.
+
+Wed Nov 16 17:33:48 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* file.c(chmod,chown,unlink,utime): 引数としてワイルドカードも受け
+	  付けるように. その場合はマッチするファイル全体に適用される.
+
+Fri Nov 11 00:07:28 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* string.c(strip): 文字列そのものを変更するように.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_cal): 環境をスタックに積むタイミングが間違っていたので，
+	  不適切なエラーメッセージが出る時があった．
+
+	* eval.c(rb_undefined): メソッドが無い時とメソッドにアクセスできな
+	  い時とでメッセージを替えた．
+
+	* string.c: toupper/tolowerはupcase/downcaseを使って実現．
+
+	* string.c: lcfirst/ucfirstは削除．
+
+Thu Nov 10 16:15:16 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* string.c: sub/gsubは置換後の文字列を返すようにした.
+
+	* string.c: toupper/tolower/lcfirstなどを文字列を変更するものとし
+	  ないものの2 種類を提供するようにした.
+
+Tue Nov  1 17:52:09 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: 変数展開にバグがあって元の文字列を破壊していた.
+
+Thu Oct 27 09:56:48 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: rest引数の処理が間違っていた.
+
+	* env.c(rb_yield): ローカル変数の設定が間違っていた.
+
+Wed Oct 26 19:01:43 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: 引数セットの高速化.
+
+	* process.c: sleepのバグ.
+
+	* parse.y, gnuglob.c: Sunのccでもコンパイルできるように.
+
+Tue Oct 25 00:36:16 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: 若干の高速化. スタックの処理によってrb_call()が少し遅く
+	  なった分の穴埋めくらいか.
+
+	* eval.c: blockをenvから外すなどしてスタックを軽くした.
+
+Mon Oct 24 11:47:54 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* re.c: 正規表現アクセス用の変数($`, $', $+)を追加.
+
+	* re.c($KANJI): 処理する漢字コードをrubyプログラム内から設定できる
+	  ようにした.
+
+Sat Oct 22 00:42:41 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c: イテレータ内のredoとretryの処理にバグがあった．
+
+Fri Oct 21 00:53:21 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* string.c(swapcase): 文字列の大文字小文字を置き換える.
+
+	* string.c(ljust,rjust,center): 文字列のレイアウト用メソッド.
+	  sprintf()でも同じようなことはできるが.
+
+	* socket.c(recv,recvfrom): flags引数を省略可能にした. 省略時の値は
+	  0である.
+
+	* socket.c(recvfrom): recvと同様だが, データと相手アドレスのペアを
+	  返す.
+
+	* socket.c(accept): 戻り値をつながったソケットから, ソケットとアド
+	  レスのペアに変更した.
+
+	* eval.c(eval): the_classをセットする時に, last_moduleがincludeさ
+	  れているモジュール(T_ICLASS)であれば, 定義元のモジュールの方をセッ
+	  トするように. この修正がないとICLASSに対してメソッドが呼ばれる可
+	  能性があり, 不審な動作をする(はず).
+
+	* class.c: オブジェクトのcloneの際に特異クラス(特異メソッド用のク
+	  ラス)をきちんとコピーするようにした. 今までは個々のメソッドのコ
+	  ピーを忘れていた.
+
+	* numeric.c: Numericのnewとcloneをundefした.
+
+Thu Oct 20 11:30:00 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.53 released.
+
+	* parse.y: TopLevelのdef文は関数メソッドを定義するようにした.
+
+	* parse.y: def文のprivate指定はなくなった. export/noexportメソッド
+	  を使ってもらうことにした.
+
+	* parse.y: case文にthenを含むことができるようになった.
+
+Wed Oct 19 13:09:58 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* object.c(export,unexport): 関数メソッドの設定用メソッド.
+
+	* eval.c, class.c: 関数的メソッドを復活させ(またか…), `@'による
+	  privateメソッドをなくした. やはり, 関数的なものは関数的に呼びた
+	  い気がしてきた. こう仕様が変動しててはいけないような気もするなあ.
+	   *BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY*
+
+	* eval.c: メソッドの構成を変更し, 別名管理と関数メソッドの管理を分
+	  離した.
+
+	* eval.c: the_env->last_funcをCメソッドの時にも更新する. これがな
+	  いとStructのアクセスが動作しない.
+
+Fri Oct 14 13:22:18 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.52 released: ……なんてこったい.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): returnの処理が間違っていたので, マシンによって
+	  はreturnで関数を終了するだけでなくtoplevelまでつき抜けていた.
+
+	* dbm.c: Dictと同様にeachが[key,value]を返すように.
+
+	* version 0.51 released
+
+Thu Oct 13 12:13:48 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(SETUP_ARGS): 付加引数が配列でない時には配列に変換する.
+
+	* parse.y: 括弧なしのメソッド呼び出しでも`*'による付加引数が使える
+	  ようにした. ただし, 通常引数が一つもない場合は乗算演算子と区別が
+	  つかないので, 必ず括弧が必要.
+
+Wed Oct 12 10:09:07 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): キャッシュの計算をinline化. キャッシュミスがあ
+	  れば関数呼び出しでメソッドを検索する. methods.cはなくなった.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_eval): ローカル変数用の領域をalloca()するように変更.
+	  サイズの変更が必要になれば改めてmalloc()するように.
+
+	* parse.y: error recoveryの際にlex_stateを更新しておくように.
+
+Tue Oct 11 17:10:46 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* socket.c(for_fd): ファイル記述子(Fixnum)からソケットインスタンス
+	  を得るメソッド. たとえばinetdから起動されたサーバで標準入出力に
+	  ソケット操作を行なうために使う. つまりSocket.for_fd($stdin)で標
+	  準入力に対応するソケットオブジェクトが得られる.
+
+	* io.c(to_i): IOクラスのインスタンスを整数に変換するとそのファイル
+	  記述子を返すように.
+
+	* numeric.c(num2int): to_iメソッドを使ってできる限り整数に変換する.
+	  以前はnum2fixだけが全てのオブジェクトに対してto_iメソッドを適用
+	  していた.
+
+	* sprintf.c(Fsprintf): 整数表示の際, オブジェクトをできる限り整数
+	  に変換するように(to_iメソッドを使う).
+
+Fri Oct  7 14:06:32 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(Fcaller): 必要性がよく分からないのでドキュメントから削除.
+	  将来デバッガを作る時に復活させよう.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): Cで記述されたメソッド呼び出しでは環境をスタック
+	  にセーブしないことによって高速化.
+
+Wed Oct  5 15:00:58 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* ruby.h: 一時env.hに移動してたQselfの定義を復活. ただし今回は関数
+	  として実現(env.hでは変数として再定義してある).
+
+	* ruby.h: TRUEでsyntax errorにならないよう#undefを追加.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_eval): thread化に挑戦したが, 失敗(速くならなかった).
+	  が, Scopingなどの無駄なコードの削除とメソッド呼び出しの引数セッ
+	  トのinline化で若干の高速化を実現した. 副作用として, argc, argv形
+	  式の関数呼び出しの仕様が変化した(argvにselfを含まなくなった).
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): メソッド呼び出しの高速化.
+
+Tue Oct  4 11:40:53 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* ruby-mode.el: 修飾子に対応した.
+
+	* parse.y: 多重代入にrestをつけた. この機能を使えばoptional引数の
+	  解析が簡単にできる(はず).
+
+	* pack.c(unpack): uuencode形式のdecodeの際に文字列の長さが間違って
+	  いた.
+
+Mon Oct  3 15:58:41 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* file.c(type): ファイルタイプを文字列で返すメソッド.
+
+Fri Sep 30 11:36:07 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* object.c: デフォルトの真の値である%TRUEの値を1(Fixnum)からtに変
+	  更した. to_sで文字列に変換した時にも`t'と表示される. 更に踏み込
+	  んで`t'を予約語にしてlispのようにしようかとも思ったが, そこまで
+	  は決心できなかった. 一文字のローカル変数はかなり使いそうな気がす
+	  るので….
+
+	* array.c,dict.c: equalを再定義しているクラスで, hashを正しく定義
+	  した.
+
+Wed Sep 28 23:30:28 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c(Ffail): 今までfailはカーネルクラスのメソッドであったが,
+	  構文に組み込んだ. この変更によって, 1)`fail'は予約語となり, ロー
+	  カル変数に用いることができなくなった. 2)`fail'単体で例外を発生す
+	  るようになった. 3)failはメソッドではなくなったので再定義される可
+	  能性がなくなった.
+
+	* dic.c, dbm.c(indexes): Arrayのindexesと同様の機能を持つメソッド
+	  を追加.
+
+	* array.c(indexes): 引数をインデックスとする要素の配列を返す. 整数
+	  の配列を引数とする時には引数の要素をインデックスとする要素の配列
+	  を返す.
+
+Mon Sep 19 13:42:31 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* array.c(aset): 部分配列に対する代入で配列以外のオブジェクトが指
+	  定された場合に多重代入と同じルールで配列化するようにした.
+
+	* io.c(print): 引数として与えられた各オブジェクトにprint_onメッセー
+	  ジを与えるように. 実行速度は落ちるが柔軟性は増す.
+
+Fri Sep 16 14:59:18 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* glob.c: ワイルドカードの導入. bashに使われているGNUのglobルーチ
+	  ンを流用した.
+
+Mon Sep 12 18:36:58 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(value_expr): 式がnilの時に対応.
+
+	* class.c: ICLASSのclassが必ずClass/Moduleを指すように.
+
+Tue Sep  6 16:23:28 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* re.c:	正規表現内で「\数字」形式が指定できるように.
+
+	* parse.y:「do expr using var ... end」形式はなくなった. 寂しい気
+	  もする. *BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY*
+
+Mon Sep  5 10:59:01 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* numeric.c(next): Numericクラスにもnextを提供.
+
+	* string.c(upto): uptoを提供.
+
+	* range.c(each): nextを使ったインタフェースからuptoを使うように変
+	  更した. この方が一つのメソッドで処理をまとめで行なうことができる.
+
+Fri Sep  2 15:25:39 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* dict.c(each): 戻り値を[key, value]のペアに変更. 今までのeachは
+	  each_valueとして残る. *BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY*
+
+Thu Sep  1 10:49:04 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* 成功した(特別な戻り値を持たない)システムコールは`0'を返すように.
+
+Wed Aug 31 00:26:51 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* string.c: チェックサムを得るメソッド`sum'を作った.
+
+	* class.c(include_class_new): ICLASSのclassをもとのクラスにした.
+	  gcの際に元クラスをマークする必要があるのが, フィールドを増やす余
+	  地が無いので, classフィールドを流用した. 私の見積りが間違ってい
+	  て, ICLASSのインスタンスにメッセージを送る事があれば, おかしな動
+	  作をするだろう.
+
+	* eval.c(masign): 式(a,b = nil)の値を[nil]からnilに変更した.
+
+Mon Aug 29 11:56:09 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* class.c: rb_define_mfuncを無くして, メタクラスにモジュールをイン
+	  クルードするようにした.
+
+	* error.c(yyerror): 同じ行で複数のsyntax errorをリポートしないよう
+	  にした.
+
+	* file.c: FileTestモジュールにファイルテストメソッドを分離した.
+
+	* parse.y: 演算子を指定する時のlex_stateを正しく設定した.
+
+Sat Aug 27 01:23:34 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* parse.y: if/whileなどの複合式をprimaryに移動した. これによって例
+	  えば「if cond then a else b end.message()」のような式が書けるよ
+	  うになった.
+
+Fri Aug 26 10:46:30 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* spec: 整理された文法にしたがって書き直した.
+
+	* parse.y: ここ数日で混乱していた文法を整理した. 括弧を省略したメ
+	  ソッド呼び出しができるようになったこと, modifierが付けられるよう
+	  になったこと, returnにリストが渡せるようになったことが主な変更点
+	  である.
+
+	* process周りが怪しいがとにかくSolaris 2.3で動くように.
+
+	* parse.y: 曖昧性がない場合にはメソッド呼び出しの引数の括弧を省略
+	  できるように. 省略できるメソッド呼び出しの条件は, 1)かならず1個
+	  以上の引数を必要とすること, 2)第1引数が`+', `-', `(', `[', `{',
+	  `/'など, 式の始まりに置かれた時と途中に現れた時とで解釈が違う記
+	  号で始まらないこと, である.
+
+Thu Aug 25 13:54:58 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(cond): 条件式の展開部にbugがあった.
+
+Wed Aug 24 00:01:15 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* parse.y: returnはコンマで区切ったリストも受け取るように. つまり,
+	  return a, b, cはreturn [a, b, c]と同じ意味になる.
+
+	* parse.y: yield以外の大域脱出制御式をexprからexpr0に移した. よっ
+	  てメソッドの引数に制御式を使えなくなる(これで困る人はいないはず).
+
+	* parse.y: `+'の定数展開の際に演算子の優先順位を忘れていた.
+
+	* eval.c: untilの戻り値はnilになった.
+
+	* parse.y: modifierとしてのif/unless/while/untilを追加.
+
+	* parse.y: 文法からendの後ろにつけるキーワードを削除. ほとんど使わ
+	  なかった上に, emacsではruby-modeがあれば対応のチェックが機械的に
+	  出来るため.
+
+Tue Aug 23 18:08:33 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: スクリプト実行開始前に例外が発生した時にcore dumpした.
+	  組み込み用にコードを変更した時にenbugしてしまった.
+
+Tue Aug 23 00:07:17 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c: doの戻り値がいつもnilになっていた.
+
+	* parse.y: loop制御変数の多重代入化にbugがあった.
+
+	* parse.y(expand_op): 文字列も畳み込みの対象に.
+
+Mon Aug 22 10:50:01 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(expand_op): `+'に関しては結合則を使って, より多く定数畳
+	  み込みを行なうように.
+
+	* ruby.c(proc_options): argcが0の時にも対応.
+
+	* parse.y: forなどの制御変数に多重代入も使えるように.
+
+Sat Aug 20 00:59:40 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* parse.y(call_op): 演算子`~'の取り扱いをルール部へ移動.
+
+Fri Aug 19 11:44:13 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* main.c: rubyをほかのプログラムに組み込めるようにmain()を分割した.
+	  それにともない, プログラムの呼び出し構造を修正した.
+
+	* parse.y: 条件式の定義を変更. ifなどの条件式の中でだけ`&&'や`||'
+	  および`!'の引数が条件式になるように. この変更により条件式以外の
+	  場所での `&&', `||', `!'演算子の動作が直観に一致する.
+
+	* parse.y: 実引数の`*'の後に続く引数はexprに制限した. 今までは全て
+	  の文が有効
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog-0.60_to_1.1 b/doc/ChangeLog-0.60_to_1.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd5f140dc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog-0.60_to_1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,3955 @@
+Tue Aug 12 16:02:18 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
+
+	* variable.c: option variables: $-0, $-p(readonly), $-v,
+	  $-I(load_path), $-a(readonly), $-K, $-d, $-F, $-i, $-l.
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): ignore rd (ruby document) in the code.
+
+Mon Aug 11 12:37:58 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
+
+	* re.c (Init_Regexp): $-K as alias to the $KCODE.
+
+	* io.c (Init_IO): new virtual variable $-i for the value of -i
+ 	  option.
+
+	* enum.c (Init_Enumerable): include? as alias of member?
+
+Fri Aug  8 11:16:50 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (io_foreach): now the record separator can be specified.
+
+	* io.c (io_s_readlines): new method to read in whole file (or
+ 	  command output) from path.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (Init_socket): recvfrom did not work.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_send): forgot to check nil for false
+	  value.
+
+Thu Aug  7 11:40:01 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
+
+	* variable.c (mod_constants): lists constants defiend in the
+	  modules/classes.
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_set): no longer warns about constant
+	  overriding by subclasses.
+
+	* eval.c (mod_eval): does eval() on module's context. local
+	  variables are shared with outer scope.
+
+	* object.c (Init_Object): remove private_attr/public_attr.
+
+Wed Aug  6 14:21:36 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (mod_attr): forgot to check nil for false value.
+
+Mon Aug  4 11:50:28 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (class_s_new): need not to specify names to create
+	  classes (or modules) dynamically.
+
+	* variable.c (rb_class_path): scan class constants for anonymous
+	  classes/modules to make up pathes.
+
+Wed Jul 30 08:45:12 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): stop to cache const value in nodes.
+
+Sat Jul 26 03:17:22 1997  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_to_s): wrong .0 at end.
+
+Sat Jul 26 00:36:36 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (error_print): always print exception type in the
+ 	  toplevel exception handler.
+
+	* string.c (str_hash): wrong hash value.
+
+Thu Jul 24 11:05:51 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (uscore_get): proper error message for unset $_.
+
+Wed Jul 23 09:56:55 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (obj_methods): returns list of method names of the
+	  specified object.
+
+	* class.c (mod_instance_methods): returns list of method names of
+	  the class instnace.
+
+Fri Jul 11 22:38:55 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (class_superclass): returns class's superclass
+ 	  itself. (1.1)
+
+	* object.c (obj_type): returns object's class itself. (1.1)
+
+	* class.c (mod_included_modules): list included modules.
+
+	* object.c (class_superclass): raises error for Object.
+
+Thu Jul  3 09:54:02 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (SETUP_ARGS): save source position, remove nd_line().
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): replace modulo by bit-masking.
+
+	* eval.c (POP_SCOPE): force recycle scope object to reduce gc rate.
+
+	* gc.c (obj_free): aboid calling run_final() when no finalizer is set.
+
+	* eval.c (PUSH_VARS): do not allocate the dynamic scope's end-mark
+	  object.
+
+Wed Jul  2 14:25:07 1997  KIMURA Koichi  <kkimura@pure.cpdc.canon.co.jp>
+
+	* Native mswin32 support.
+
+Tue Jul  1 09:59:00 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970701
+
+	* parse.y (mrhs): allow rest-star(*) in right hand side.
+
+Tue Jun 24 19:04:31 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970624
+
+Sat Jun 20 22:22:51 1997  Michio "Karl" Jinbo  <karl@marcer.nagaokaut.ac.jp>
+
+	* eval.c: freebsd 3.0 <sys/select.h> support.
+
+Fri Jun 20 01:24:45 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970620
+
+	* gc.c: eliminate uninitilalized field of Hash, Array etc., to
+	  avoid dumping core.
+
+Thu Jun 19 01:29:44 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970619
+
+	* string.c (str_split_method): wrong limit.
+
+Sat Jun 14 01:54:16 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* class.c (rb_singleton_class): no singleton for special
+	  constants (now raises exception).
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_init): cbase in TOPLEVEL_BINDING need to be
+	  initialized.
+
+Sat Jun 14 01:01:16 1997  maeda shugo  <shugo@po.aianet.ne.jp>
+
+	* array.c (sort_2): wrong comparison.
+
+Sat Jun 14 00:53:44 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* hash.c (hash_foreach): safe iteration.
+
+Fri Jun 13 14:04:56 1997  Michio "Karl" Jinbo  <karl@marcer.nagaokaut.ac.jp>
+
+	* configure.in: -Bshareable option for netbsd.
+
+Fri Jun 13 01:16:22 1997  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (pipe_open): call io_unbuffered() only for writable pipes.
+
+Thu Jun 12 01:14:15 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970612
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_new): use io_unbuffered().
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (w_long): compact long format, which
+	  supports 64 bit architectures (unless longs are >32 bit size).
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c: allows recursive data for marshaling.
+
+	* parse.y (rb_intern): raise exception for non-internable string.
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (marshal_load): allows direct loading from
+ 	  strings.
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (marshal_dump): allows direct dump to strings.
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (marshal_dump): interface changed.
+
+Wed Jun 11 18:26:00 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_newobj): remove needless memset().
+
+Mon Jun  9 13:03:43 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): reduce condition checks from while/until loop.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): wrong jump point for `next'.
+
+Fri Jun  6 11:47:39 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_set_argv): initialize dln_argv0 for dln_a_out.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (open_unix): display path name for exceptions.
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): option -S did not work well.
+
+Fri May 30 02:14:44 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970530
+
+	* eval.c (eval): set $! properly if exception raised in eval().
+
+	* io.c (io_write): now handles non T_FILE object.
+
+	* io.c (io_defset): $< can be anything which has `write' method.
+
+Thu May 29 15:40:22 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (eval): $@ is always an array (not string).
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): avoid corrupting memory for unexpected
+	  input strings.
+
+Wed May 28 12:46:13 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970528
+
+	* process.c (rb_waitpid): do not block other threads.
+
+Tue May 27 12:02:31 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_init): split initialize and processing command line
+	  options.
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_options): ruby_init(0, 0, envp) dumps core.
+
+Tue May 20 18:59:45 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_ivar_set): invalid instance variable access for
+	  built-in object raises TypeError.
+
+Fri May 16 17:32:21 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970516
+
+	* dir.c (push_globs): was freeing non heap pointer.
+
+	* gc.c: remove some duplicated prototypes.
+
+	* ext/kconv/kconv.c: fix prototypes.
+
+Fri May  9 11:38:59 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970509
+
+	* gc.c (obj_free): avoid free(NULL).
+
+	* eval.c (rb_check_safe_str): argument missing for TypeError().
+
+Thu May  8 01:14:28 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (file_s_dirname): need to return "." for path without
+	  slashes.
+
+Wed May  7 19:18:48 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* process.c (f_fork): child processe does not inherit parent's
+ 	  itimer setting on linux.  call setitimer() again in the child
+	  process.
+
+Sat May  3 02:49:43 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/curses/curses.c: modified for portability and add to the
+ 	  standard distribution.
+
+Wed Apr 30 00:34:00 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (file_s_size): returns 0 for empty files (not FALSE).
+
+Fri Apr 25 02:17:50 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970425
+
+	* eval.c (f_load): free unused name-table.
+
+	* eval.c (f_load): copy local variable name-table.
+
+	* gc.c (obj_free): avoid free(NULL).
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): forgot to make link from the scope object to
+	  NODE_SCOPE.  It may crash the interpreter.
+
+Thu Apr 24 00:35:09 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* random.c (f_srand): save old seed anyway.  srand() returns no
+ 	  value on some systems.
+
+	* gc.c (obj_free): avoid double free of the local variable name
+	  table.
+
+	* parse.y (top_local_setup): modify realloc to handle offset.
+
+Tue Apr 22 12:58:26 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970422
+
+Thu Apr 17 00:40:51 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* configure.in (rb_cv_bsdpgrp): proper check for BSD
+	  setpgrp/setpgrp.
+
+Wed Apr 16 16:14:02 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (proc_call): proc called in other thread must be orphan.
+
+Tue Apr 15 10:46:31 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970415
+
+	* gc.c (obj_free): NODE_SCOPE marked from SCOPE object.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark): some nodes marked wrong.
+
+	* process.c (proc_getpgrp): wrong argument
+
+Fri Apr 14 18:32:42 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970414
+
+Fri Apr 12 01:20:12 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.h: String pointer changed to unsigned char.
+
+Fri Apr 11 10:27:29 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970411
+
+	* Makefile.in: create libruby.a before linking ruby.
+
+	* string.c (str_strip_bang): >0x80 characters for isspace().
+
+	* eval.c (proc_call): set safe-level temporally
+
+	* eval.c (proc_s_new): save safe-level in the proc context.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): no class/module extension in safe mode.
+
+Thu Apr 10 02:10:41 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark): remove some pointer checks for speeding up.
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_options): set $0 temporally for -r option.
+
+	* eval.c: built-in security feature.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_sweep): do not free nodes during compile.
+
+	* parse.y (yycompile): set flag when compiling.
+
+Wed Apr  9 10:19:02 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.c: forgot to include <ctype.h> for isspace().
+
+	* file.c: provide S_ISREG for some platforms.
+
+	* io.c (Init_IO): added some $< operations.
+
+	* lib/ping.rb: check host upness using TCP echo.
+
+Tue Apr  8 00:10:15 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (arg_read): bug with 0 length input.
+
+Mon Apr  7 11:36:16 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/fcntl/fcntl.c: module for fcntl constants.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_alias): bug when original was an alias.
+
+	* parse.y (primary): syntax to access singleton class.
+
+	* eval.c (mod_public_method): method's to specify visibitily of
+	  the class methods.  make_method_{public,private} removed.
+
+Fri Apr  4 21:43:57 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970404
+
+	* gc.c (obj_free): finalizer added for experiment.
+
+Thu Apr  3 02:12:31 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_schedule): make Fatal rise on main_thread on
+	  deadlocks.
+
+	* eval.c (thread_join): raise ThreadError instead of Fatal, in
+	  case of deadlock.
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_fastmap): uninitialized local variable.
+
+	* parse.y (parse_regx): new option //[nes] to specify character
+	  code for regexp literals.  Last specified code option is valid.
+
+	* re.c (reg_s_new): additional 3rd argument to specify compiled
+ 	  regexp's character code.
+
+	* re.c (reg_new_1): regexp character code can be specified for
+	  each regexp object.
+
+Wed Apr  2 14:51:06 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): handle uncaught throw.
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): halt on some deadlock conditions.
+
+	* regex.c (is_in_list): wrong result for non-mbc higher-byte
+	  characters.
+
+	* regex.c (re_match): wrong skip for multi-byte characters.
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_fastmap): wrong fastmap in non-mbc mode.
+
+	* hash.c (Init_Hash): hash compatible features added to ENV.
+
+Tue Apr  1 15:24:06 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (obj_extend): remove Object#extend as an iterator which
+ 	  is in experimental state, since it unveils internal singleton
+ 	  classes.
+
+Mon Mar 31 14:29:39 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970331
+
+Sun Mar 30 19:40:57 1997  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (terms): avoided win32 gcc's optimization bug.
+
+Sat Mar 29 11:21:58 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* struct.c (make_struct): St[val,..] creates new structure.
+
+Fri Mar 28 11:24:51 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (obj_make_private): new method make_method_{public,private}
+	  to change visibility of singleton methods.
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_pattern): enables numeric literal >= 0x80 in
+	  the character class.
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_pattern): enabled numeric literal >= 0x80,
+	  in multibyte mode.
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_fastmap): modified exantn and charset(_not)
+	  to set fastmap for higher bytes properly.
+
+	* regex.c (is_in_list): now matches numeric literals.
+
+Thu Mar 27 13:34:20 1997  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): extra null byte after unpacked string.
+
+Wed Mar 26 15:20:34 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_pattern): register numbers must be fit in a
+ 	  byte (0 <= regnum <= 0xff).
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_fastmap): forgot to set mbchar map for
+ 	  charset_not if RE_MBCTYPE is on.
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_pattern): set list bits for multi-byte
+	  characters for \W, \S, \D in range expression.
+
+	* object.c (obj_is_kind_of): defined that nil itself is kind of
+ 	  nil.  TRUE is kind of TRUE, FALSE is kind of FALSE likewise.
+  	  This change makes `obj.kind_of?(eval(obj.type))' always true.
+
+Tue Mar 25 14:08:43 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/English.rb: provides nicer English alias for the variables.
+
+	* parse.y (expr): alias $var1 $var2 makes alias of the global
+	  variable.
+
+Mon Mar 24 18:23:20 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970324
+
+Thu Mar 20 22:04:59 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (mod_modfunc): forget to clear method cache.
+
+Wed Mar 19 17:06:55 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (program): set methods' default private/public status
+	  correctly under eval().
+
+	* eval.c (eval): set the_class correctly while evaluating string.
+
+Tue Mar 18 12:23:53 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (eval): yield can be called from eval().
+
+	* version 1.0-970318
+
+	* parse.y (program): regexp in condition expression should do
+	  matching operation with $_.
+
+	* re.c (reg_regsub): wrong substitution.
+
+Fri Mar 14 14:36:28 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* hash.c (hash_invert): returns value to key mapping of the
+	  associative array.
+
+	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: set environment variable SOCKS_SERVER to
+	  compile with libsocks.a.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (socks_s_open): SOCKSsocket class to access
+	  internet via SOCKS library.
+
+	* sprintf.c (f_sprintf): unsigned formats display leading double
+ 	  dots for imaginary sequence of signed bit to the left.
+
+	* sprintf.c (f_sprintf): correct width and precision formatting
+	  for big integers.
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): enables negative hex/octal numbers and `_' in
+	  non-decimal numbers.
+
+	* sprintf.c (f_sprintf): %u added for unsigned decimal format.
+
+Thu Mar 13 10:24:27 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sprintf.c (f_sprintf): wrong output for bignums.
+
+	* array.c (ary_reverse_each): iterates in reverse order.
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): L unpacked signed long.
+
+	* io.c (f_backquote): now returns an empty string for no output.
+
+Wed Mar 12 10:20:30 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/socks/socks.c: socket module with socks library.
+
+Mon Mar 10 20:44:22 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* re.c (reg_regsub): \& for substitution.  \`, \', and \+ are
+	  avaiable also.
+
+Thu Mar  6 01:47:03 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970306
+
+	* sample/rubydb.el (gud): ruby debugger emacs interface
+
+	* lib/debug.rb: ruby debugger
+
+	* parse.y (exprs): more accurate line number display.
+
+Wed Mar  5 21:31:46 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970305
+
+Tue Mar  4 12:28:32 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): search through RUBYPATH and PATH for
+	  option -S.
+
+Mon Mar  3 22:44:55 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_status): returns nil for exception terminated
+	  threads.
+
+	* eval.c (thread_value): re-raise exceptions.
+
+Sat Mar  1 00:59:47 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): restore $! value after rescue clause, to
+	  re-raise exceptions correctly.
+
+Fri Feb 28 16:43:38 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970228
+
+Thu Feb 27 11:23:41 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_yield_0): redo raises exception
+
+	* eval.c (thread_schedule): bug in interrupt handling by rescue.
+
+Wed Feb 26 00:55:36 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (eval): forgot to restore dynamic local variable
+	  bindings.
+
+Tue Feb 25 11:22:08 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/aix_ld.rb: AIX dynamic load support (not tested).
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): wrong return value for defined? super.
+
+	* error.c (exception): more error check.
+
+	* re.c (reg_regsub): wrong substitution when sub expanded to null
+ 	  string.
+
+Fri Feb 21 13:01:47 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970221
+
+	* eval.c (f_require): volatile added.  register variable was
+ 	  recycled, so that GC did not mark that variable.
+
+	* object.c (Init_Object): forget to mark main object (was mostly
+	  ok, but made trouble with early GC.)
+
+Thu Feb 20 11:50:50 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970220
+
+Thu Feb 20 11:25:50 1997  Yasuo OHBA  <jammy@shljapan.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/date.rb: update
+
+Thu Feb 20 08:25:57 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): forgot tokfix() before rb_intern().
+
+	* lib/tk.rb (TkVariable): give up using trace_var.
+
+Wed Feb 19 00:24:35 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970219
+
+	* pack.c (pack_pack): packed by null for A specifier. must be
+	  space filled.
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): bug in skipping spaces
+
+	* gc.c (xmalloc): garbage collect for every 4 Meg. allocation.
+
+	* string.c (str_split_method): limit worked wrong way.
+
+	* io.c (io_gets_method): misunderstand 0xff in binary files when
+	  $/ == nil.
+
+	* re.c (reg_regsub): re-implement.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (thread_connect): remove O_NONBLOCK, which
+	  is not defined on some platform like NeXT.
+
+Mon Feb 17 13:08:30 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970217
+
+	* object.c (mod_eqq): === extended for subclass check (to use case
+	  as typecase).
+
+Sat Feb 15 02:07:22 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_pattern): wrong match backref at end of pattern.
+
+	* io.c (arg_read): now works beyond end of file.
+
+Thu Feb 13 16:21:24 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (expr): return/yield now accept normal argument format.
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): a star in `yield *x' must not be multiplication
+	  operator.
+
+Wed Feb 12 15:06:44 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* time.c (time_plus): bug in simple addition.
+
+	* eval.c (thread_raise): raise exceptions from outside.
+
+	* eval.c (Init_Thread): Thread#alive? -- alias for Thread#status.
+
+Mon Feb 10 00:38:55 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.h (Data_Make_Struct): rename macros.
+
+Sun Feb  8 11:48:13 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (f_syscall): argument offset was wrong.
+
+Fri Feb  7 18:01:17 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970207
+
+	* eval.c: add volatiles to avoid variable crobbering by longjmp().
+
+	* eval.c (f_raise): 1st argument can be the GlobalExit object now.
+
+	* array.c (ary_unshift): no longer accept more than 2 args.
+
+	* eval.c (f_raise): bug if 2nd argument is the exception.
+
+Tue Feb  4 00:37:29 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970204
+
+	* eval.c (eval): check compile errors by nerrs.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): check syntax error by nerrs, not by the return
+ 	  value, which may be NULL.
+
+	* eval.c (compile): Do not clear errinfo.
+
+Mon Feb  3 10:13:06 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (obj_extend): move real inclusion to Module#extend_object
+	  to allow redfinition.
+
+	* object.c (Init_Object): Kernel class is now Module. Object class
+	  became the true root class.
+
+	* object.c (obj_inspect): remove useless buffer.
+
+	* hash.c (any_cmp): disable interrupts and context switching.
+
+	* st.c: remove ALLOW_INTS to disable interrupt during operations.
+
+Fri Jan 31 22:10:08 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* hash.c (hash_rehash): re-register all key-value.
+
+Thu Jan 30 02:14:49 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (io_reopen): re-implement according to clone() way.
+
+	* io.c (io_clone): copy IO object.
+
+	* struct.c (struct_eql): compare elements by eql?.
+
+	* io.c (io_mode_flags): detect "rb", "wb" etc.
+
+	* io.h (FMODE_BINMODE): added.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (Init_socket): undef BasicSocket.new
+
+	* file.c (Init_File): File.new(path[,mode])
+
+	* io.c (Init_IO): IO.new(fd[,mode])
+
+	* eval.c (rb_method_boundp): forgot to enable priv argument.
+
+	* object.c (Init_Object): remove `=~' from Kernel class.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (open_inet): initialize sockaddr before
+	  calling bind(2).
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): skip comment lines
+
+Wed Jan 29 18:43:22 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (Init_Thread): DEFER_INTS during initializing threads.
+
+	* hash.c (Init_Hash): Hash#eql? checks for object identity.
+
+	* eval.c (thread_set_critical): wrong value assigned.
+
+Mon Jan 27 16:10:51 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (io_print): remove print_on().
+
+	* eval.c (f_missing): proper error message for undefined method
+	  without argument
+
+Sat Jan 25 23:32:32 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_sub_s): false alert - sub() does not modify string.
+
+	* array.c (ary_times): negative multiplication detected
+
+	* string.c (str_times): negative multiplication detected
+
+Fri Jan 24 10:51:39 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* time.c (time_arg): month -> 0 == "jan" == "1" == "01", little bit
+	  confusing but wanted to conform japanese style.
+
+	* version 1.0-970124
+
+Fri Jan 24 09:52:49 1997  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* util.c (_fixpath): supports SJIS filenames on DJGPP.
+
+Thu Jan 23 16:52:06 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* README.EXT: update. partially translated into English.
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in: inherit $LDFLAGS to the final link.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (Init_socket): add various constants.
+
+Mon Jan 23 11:40:59 1997  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (Init_Thread): allocate main_thread first to avoid crash.
+
+Thu Jan 23 02:09:26 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* gc.c (ObjectSpace): API modified. each_object method will do all
+ 	  the iteration.
+
+	* eval.c (proc_call): wrong return from nested lambda.
+
+	* ext/GD/GD.c: debugged.
+
+Wed Jan 22 16:12:25 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970122
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark): forgot to mark match->str.
+
+	* ext/GD/GD.c: GD interface module.
+
+	* eval.c (PUSH_BLOCK): wrong value pushed as the block level.
+
+Mon Jan 20 14:01:31 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_run): no context switch in the critical section.
+
+Mon Jan 20 09:40:59 1997  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* utils.c: supports 8+3 filenames
+
+Sat Jan 18 01:23:03 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970118
+
+	* regex.c (PATFETCH): need cast to unsigned char.
+
+	* io.c (io_ctl): bug in case when arg is not a string.
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: forgot that Kernel#type returns the class name now.
+
+	* regex.c (re_search): "abc\n" =~ "^$" should not match.
+
+Fri Jan 17 12:31:37 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970117
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_options): constant PLATFORM, which is in the {cpu}-{os}
+	  form, defined.
+
+	* configure.in: platform information embedded in the interpreter.
+
+	* regex.c (re_search): /^$/ did not match to "" by wrong exit condition.
+
+	* lib/thread.rb: re-write Mutex/Queue based on Thread.critical.
+
+	* eval.c (thread_set_critical): remove Thread.exclusive, add
+	  Thread.critical = TRUE/FALSE instead.
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): re-compile pattern if needed
+
+	* regex.c (PATFETCH): do translate at compile time
+
+Thu Jan 16 00:49:10 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_frame): forgot to mark frame->cbase.
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_pattern): /a$|b)/ causes error.
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_pattern): /(^|b)/ causes error.
+
+	* version 1.0-970116
+
+	* re.c (Init_Regexp): set RE_CONTEXTUAL_INVALID_OPS flag.
+
+Tue Jan 14 02:09:06 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (proc_call): Proc#callをイテレータとして呼んだ時に対応
+
+	* configure.in: nextstep対応？
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): a[b]=cで無駄な配列を割り当てない
+
+	* eval.c (f_send): イテレータとして呼ばれたらイテレータとしてメソッ
+	  ドを呼ぶ．
+
+	* string.c (str_new4): match共有用の生成関数
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): matchの実体(文字列)をマッチを行った文字列と
+	  copy-on-writeで共有
+
+	* string.c (str_hash): toupperをかける条件が違っていた
+
+	* array.c (sort_2): FixnumとStringを特別扱いして高速化
+
+Mon Jan 13 11:03:53 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): threadが生成されるまで割込みを設定しない
+
+	* eval.c (Init_Thread): 割込みタイミングを100msecに
+
+Sat Jan 11 00:17:05 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* regex.c (re_search): マッチに失敗する場合があった(本当に直ったか？)
+
+	* io.c (io_ioctl,io_fcntl): 第2引数を省略可能に
+
+	* io.c (io_ioctl,io_fcntl): 戻り値がIOだった．整数(システムコール
+	  の戻り値)を返すようにした．
+
+	* io.c (io_ctl): 引数が整数の時に対応
+
+	* io.c (io_fcntl): file.cから移動
+
+Fri Jan 10 17:01:47 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970110
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (thread_connect): open(connect(2))で他の
+	  threadをブロックしないように
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): exitでないときにexitだと思い込む
+
+Mon Jan  6 17:42:22 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_sub_s): 文字列長より長いoffsetの検出
+
+	* regex.c (re_search): 空にマッチするパターン後の$で失敗
+
+Thu Jan  2 16:36:23 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (file_reopen): Fileのreopen(pathまたはIOで指定)．
+
+	* io.c (io_reopen): IOのreopen(IOで指定) -- change classつき
+
+Wed Jan  1 11:09:01 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (f_select): timeoutでnilを返す
+
+Fri Dec 27 13:06:44 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (file_s_open): サブクラスではそのクラスのインスタンスを返
+	  すように．
+
+Fri Dec 27 08:58:27 1996  <ono@isl.nara.sharp.co.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_to_s): index()を使わない．strstr()に．
+
+Thu Dec 26 01:34:17 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: placeが使えるように
+
+	* pack.c (endian): マクロDYNAMIC_ENDIANを指定すると実行時にendian
+	  を判定するように．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_alloc): 初期化忘れのメンバがあった．
+
+Wed Dec 25 00:33:19 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-961225
+
+	* io.c (Init_IO): newを無効化
+
+	* lib/tkthcore.rb: tk_call "global $foo; set foo 5"などもできるように
+
+	* eval.c (thread_restore_context): $~, $_でスタックを壊していた
+
+	* process.c (rb_waitpid): threadに一応対応
+
+Tue Dec 24 15:20:58 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.4-961224
+
+	* configure.in: charがunsignedかどうかもチェック
+
+	* regex.c (SIGN_EXTEND_CHAR): __CHAR_UNSIGNED__にも対応
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): 明示的にsigned charを指定．
+
+Mon Dec 23 14:41:23 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.c (load_file): 標準入力からのスクリプトで一時ファイルを使わ
+	  ないように
+
+	* object.c (f_integer): `0x', `0'などでbaseを解釈するように．
+
+Fri Dec 20 01:44:39 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* Makefile.in (flock.o): flockに対応
+
+Thu Dec 19 20:13:32 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.4-961219
+
+Wed Dec 18 00:06:48 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* glob.c (glob_filename): strrchrがマクロの場合に対応
+
+	* configure.in: <sys/select.h>をチェック
+
+	* ext/kconv/kconv.c: 1.62ベースに
+
+	* ext/kconv/kconv.c: Kconvモジュール
+
+	* string.c (str_substr): lenが元の文字列より長い時に対応
+
+	* parse.y (iterator): 「$bar do .. end」などは許さないように
+
+	* parse.y (iterator): FID(foo!,foo?)をdo形式のイテレータにできる．
+
+	* missing/flock.c (flock): lockf()を使って代替
+
+	* file.c (file_flock): flockを実装
+
+Tue Dec 17 12:13:38 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.4-961217
+
+Fri Dec 13 02:05:03 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* configure.in: RUBYLIBのカレントを後回し(@mix/awk offline)
+
+	* dln.c: AIXに対応した？(@mix/awk offline)
+
+	* eval.c (thread_schedule): critical sectionでも明示的なコンテキス
+	  トスイッチは起きないとまずい
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): matchに失敗した時に$~をnilに．
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): 毎回matchを生成するように
+
+Thu Dec 12 17:03:30 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_to_s): 2.0.to_s -> 2.0に
+
+	* eval.c (thread_save_context): $_, $~をthread毎に保存
+
+	* eval.c (thread_kill): main threadではexit(0)
+
+	* string.c (str_split_method): 間違った結果を返していた
+
+Thu Dec 12 15:32:48 1996  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* dir.c: CYGWIN32対応
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c: CYGWIN32対応
+
+	* io.c: CYGWIN32対応
+
+Thu Dec 12 14:43:51 1996  Jun Kuroda  <j_kuro@pluto.ai.kutech.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: wish4.2も探索候補に含める
+
+	* config.guess: JCC対応
+
+Thu Dec 12 00:41:17 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.4-961212
+
+	* parse.y (parse_string): """..."""はやはり無くすことにした
+
+	* parse.y (parse_regx): %r|...|でterminatorを \ でエスケープできる
+	  ように
+
+	* signal.c (posix_signal): sigactionを使うsignal
+
+	* configure.in: posix signal/bsd signalの検出
+
+Wed Dec 11 17:47:35 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_schedule): critical sectionではコンテキストスイッ
+	  チが起きないように
+
+	* lib/thread.rb: SharedMutexクラス
+
+	* lib/jcode.rb: String#scanを使うように
+
+Tue Dec 10 12:21:28 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961210
+
+	* string.c (str_split_method): 正規表現に()を含む時にバグ
+
+	* lib/jcode.rb: ちょっとましになった
+
+	* string.c (tr_setup_table): 置換文字が短すぎる(2文字)のときのバグ
+
+Mon Dec  9 11:38:04 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_scan): 文字列のマッチを行う．イテレータとしても動
+	  作する
+
+	* regex.c (re_copy_registers): allocatedが初期化されていなかった
+
+	* re.c (match_to_s): $~の文字列化
+
+	* re.c (match_to_a): $~を配列化できるように
+
+	* re.c (match_getter): レジスタが初期化されていなかった
+
+Thu Dec  5 11:06:10 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_split_method): マッチしなかった括弧は空文字列を
+	  pushするべきではない
+
+	* string.c (str_succ): アルファベットを含まない文字に対応
+
+Wed Dec  4 10:48:09 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961204
+
+	* io.c (io_binmode): DJGPPでのbinmode対応
+
+	* sprintf.c (f_sprintf): intの範囲の数値は直接sprintfで変換する
+
+	* sprintf.c (f_sprintf): "%02s"に頼らない
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): indexでSEGV
+
+Tue Dec  3 10:09:36 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961203
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (install): INSTALL_DATAからINSTALLに変更
+
+	* dln.c: hpux対応
+
+	* string.c (str_aset_method): 負の値を含む範囲でも例外を起こさない
+
+	* array.c (ary_replace): 負の値を含む範囲でも例外を起こさない
+
+	* array.c (beg_len): beg==endの時，長さ0に
+
+Mon Dec  2 14:07:12 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* configure.in: HP shl対応
+
+	* string.c (str_upto): beg > endの時無限ループに落ちるのを止めた
+
+	* range.c (range_each): String#uptoが再定義された場合に対応
+
+	* string.c (str_split_method): "ABC".split(/(B)/)が誤動作
+
+Sat Nov 30 01:43:52 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): undefでSEGV
+
+Fri Nov 29 12:17:59 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-region): %Q#..#などに対応．しか
+	  し，区切り文字が演算子で行末にある場合には対応できなかった．
+
+	* re.c (reg_raise): 例外でもスラッシュをエスケープ
+
+	* re.c (reg_inspect): スラッシュをエスケープ
+
+	* parse.y (parse_string): `%[QqXxRr](.)..\1'なる文字列形式(テスト
+	  採用)
+
+	* parse.y (parse_qstring): '''...'''の形式
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c (Init_dbm): 述語key?,value?の追加
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c (Init_dbm): includes->include?
+
+	* hash.c (Init_Hash): 述語key?,value?,include?の追加
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): unlessでelse節が実行されない(うーん)
+
+	* string.c (str_sub_iter_s): イテレータブロック内でマッチが行われ
+	  ると位置がずれる(時に無限ループに落ちる)
+
+	* string.c (str_resize): lenが0の時sizeの調整が行われなかった
+
+Thu Nov 28 00:59:54 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961128
+
+	* parse.y (parse_string): 3-quote styleの文字列(例:"""abc"d"e""")
+
+	* configure.in (EXTSTATIC): extを静的にリンクする時にはrubyはdllを
+	  使うように
+
+	* io.c (Init_IO): getsの引数が間違っていた
+
+	* string.c (str_each_line): RSを明示的に指定できるように
+
+Wed Nov 27 12:37:46 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961127
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): iver defined? でselfを指定するのを忘れた
+
+	* io.c: gets等でRSを明示的に指定できるように
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (install): static linkに失敗
+
+Tue Nov 26 10:33:04 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961126
+
+	* string.c (str_sub_s): 置換後の文字列長さが間違っていた
+
+Mon Nov 25 09:11:22 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_rshift): 32以上の右シフトで0を返すように(Cの
+	  rshiftは(x>>(y%32))を返していた)．
+
+	* string.c (str_gsub): 置換が行われない場合があった
+
+	* string.c (str_resize): 本当に必要な時だけrealloc
+
+Thu Nov 21 04:13:21 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* configure.in (EXTSTATIC): --with-static-linked-extで全てのモジュー
+	  ルを静的リンクするように
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): 行末の改行がない時にもチェックサムをスキッ
+	  プするように
+
+Wed Nov 20 21:42:51 1996  Yasuo OHBA  <jammy@shljapan.co.jp>
+
+	* configure.in: freebsd対応
+
+Wed Nov 20 10:24:24 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (install): 通常リンク用のLDFLAGSとダイナミックリ
+	  ンク用のDLDFALGSを分離
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (install): コンパイルの成功したものを静的リンク
+	  のリストに追加する
+
+	* eval.c (f_missing): オブジェクトの文字列表現が長すぎる時バッファ
+	  を書き潰していた
+
+	* process.c (proc_exec_v): forkした後例外を発生させてはいけない
+
+Tue Nov 19 13:28:15 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961119
+
+	* eval.c (mod_method_defined): Module#method_defined? の追加
+
+	* parse.y (call_args): 引数が唯一のコマンドコールである時のバグ(戻
+	  り値が展開されてしまう)
+
+Mon Nov 18 13:28:18 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_sub): 失敗した時にnilを返していた
+
+	* string.c (str_split_method): 検索開始位置が移動してなかった
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_s_getservbyaname): まだ間違っていた
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961118
+
+	* string.c (str_sub_s): 元の文字列を置換するのを止めた
+
+	* pack.c (encodes): 領域外をアクセスしていた
+
+Fri Nov 15 17:10:35 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* bignum.c (big_divmod): Bignumが引数の場合の対応忘れ
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-expr-beg): word?形式への対応が不完全
+
+Wed Nov 13 15:42:40 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_tr_s_bang): tr_sでtrが行われていなかった
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): autoloadクラスのチェック
+
+	* string.c (f_sub): subがsub!と同じ動作になっていた
+
+	* eval.c (thread_sleep): stopとsleepの分離
+
+Mon Nov 11 13:53:19 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961111
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_step): to, stepが整数以外の場合に対応
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): dynamic varがdynamic scopingになっていた(これ
+	  はまずい)
+
+	* string.c (str_chop_bang): 長さ0の文字列のchopで，領域外のアクセ
+	  スが発生していた．
+
+	* parse.y (yyerror): 割り当てた領域外をアクセスしていた
+
+Fri Nov  8 11:54:46 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_yield): scopeをheapにコピー
+
+Thu Nov  7 09:56:53 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (num_coerce): とりあえず両辺をFloatに変換することに
+
+Wed Nov  6 10:45:13 1996  Yasuo OHBA  <jammy@shljapan.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/parsearg.rb: 第2引数を変更．
+
+Tue Nov  5 14:21:09 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961105
+
+Sat Nov  2 01:11:40 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* bignum.c (big_pow): typo (dy -> dx)
+
+	* bignum.c (big_divmod): 知らない型はfloatに変換してみる
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_lshift): 境界条件のバグ(負になっていた)
+
+	* bignum.c (big_pow): 無駄なfloatへの変換をなくした
+
+	* math.c (math_atan2): typo(x -> y)
+
+Fri Nov  1 15:30:59 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_gethostname): gethostnameがない時には
+	  unameを使ってホスト名を得る
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_getlogin): getloginがNULLを返しても環境変数を
+	  調べるように
+
+	* object.c (krn_clone): オブジェクトのフラグもコピー
+
+	* hash.c (rb_cmp): ハッシュの比較を`=='でなく`eql?'に変更
+
+	* math.c (Need_Float): Float()を使って変換する
+
+	* compar.c (cmp_gt): 以前の右辺を返す仕様の名残が残っていた
+
+Thu Oct 31 12:55:51 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961031
+
+	* numeric.c (Init_Numeric): typo
+
+	* eval.c (error_print): 長すぎるtrace backを途中省略する
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_pattern): 全角のrangeに対応
+
+Wed Oct 30 03:03:18 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961030
+
+	* io.c (f_ungetc): 関数を追加
+
+	* eval.c (dyna_var_asgn): return値忘れ
+
+Tue Oct 29 10:05:28 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (f_split): 関数splitを追加
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): ネストした外側のクラス/モジュールの定数を参照
+	  できるように
+
+Mon Oct 28 09:51:03 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_sub): offsetが文字の末尾にある時のチェック
+
+	* regex.c (re_match): 割り当てるレジスタの数が1多かった
+
+	* io.c (io_gets): $/ = ""の動作をperlに合わせる(awkとはちょっと違
+	  うらしい)
+
+	* io.c (io_gets): $/ = nilの時少し高速化
+
+	* string.c (str_split_method): 括弧がnullにマッチした時にも無視し
+	  ないように
+
+	* string.c (str_split_method): 括弧にマッチした分はlimitの数に含め
+	  ないように．
+
+	* numeric.c (num_coerce_bin): coerceの定義を変更，2要素の配列
+	  [x,y]を返すように
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): "do |aa|"の対応を改
+	  善した．
+
+Sat Oct 26 01:43:51 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (w_object): ビルトインクラスのサブクラスを
+	  正しく復旧できるように
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (w_object): ユーザ定義dumpの優先
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_coerce): Float()を使って定義
+
+	* numeric.c (Init_Numeric): Numericのnewのundefはまずい
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (w_symbol): シンボルの内容(文字列)は一度し
+	  かファイルに書き出さない．
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-region): if/while修飾子に対応し
+	  なくなっていた
+
+	* bignum.c (Init_Bignum): Bignum.newを除く
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): 引数評価後にファイル名と行番号を再設定
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_div): typo
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-region): def /, def `に対応
+
+Fri Oct 25 09:26:29 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): "do |aa|"に対応
+
+	* array.c (ary_aset): indexがfixnumの場合ちょっと高速化
+
+	* eval.c (thread_fd_writable): 書き込み前のselectチェック
+
+	* array.c (ary_assoc): 無限ループに落ちた
+
+	* eval.c (thread_wait_for): selectがエラー終了した時，linux以外で
+	  の動作が正しくなかった．
+
+Thu Oct 24 08:26:48 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (backtrace): `$@'を文字列から配列に変更した．
+
+	* eval.c (eval): eval中の例外発生位置を保存する
+
+	* bignum.c (bigsub): オペランドの大小比較の失敗
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): 直接参照がない時にも`$~'がセットされるように
+
+Wed Oct 23 10:40:10 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-961023
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (r_bytes): mallocをやめ，allocaを使う
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): 括弧の対応を変更．
+	  ()内ではインデントをレベルを合わせるように
+
+Tue Oct 22 12:59:11 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* hash.c (hash_s_new): sizeを指定できるように
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (w_object): dumpする深さ制限を指定できるよ
+	  うに
+
+	* array.c (ary_s_new): sizeを指定した時の初期化忘れ
+
+	* object.c (f_float): big2dblの宣言忘れ．
+
+	* bignum.c (bigsub): 大きさの近いBignum同士の演算で結果が負になる
+	  場合に間違いがあった．
+
+	* array.c (ary_aset): 置換先と置換元が同じ長さの時内容を
+	  shift(memmove)しないように．
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (marshal_dump): ファイルフォーマットにバー
+	  ジョンを埋め込むように
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (tmpnam): linux-aout-dln用に定義
+
+Mon Oct 21 08:40:20 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_s_gethostbyname): hostent構造体の情報
+	  を返す
+	  (sock_s_gethostbyaddr): IPアドレスからhostent構造体を得る
+	  (sock_s_getservbyaname): getservbyname(3)
+
+Fri Oct 18 10:37:36 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-indent-to): 移動先カラムが負になるバグ
+
+	* eval.c (compile): evalで元ソースの行番号でエラーを表示する
+
+Thu Oct 17 09:52:28 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (eval): evalで文法エラーがあった時にSEGV
+
+	* lib/safe.rb: Restricted.evalの中だけ制限を加える．
+
+	* eval.c (error_print): バックトレースの出力．callerで例外発生位置
+	  を調整した時に問題が出る(そんなことをしなければ良いのだが…)
+
+	* eval.c (make_backtrace): バックトレースの生成
+
+Wed Oct 16 12:56:22 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby-man-0.99.2-jp/index.html: 日本語版ドキュメントの完成(長かった…)
+
+	* re.c (reg_regcomp): $=がnilの時の処理
+
+	* string.c (f_chop): $_に対するchop
+
+Tue Oct 15 11:04:23 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-961015
+
+Mon Oct 14 18:22:38 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_schedule): BOW対応．selectが-1を返した時にバグ(実
+	  はdo .. whileがcontinueで先頭にジャンプすると思い込んでいた．条
+	  件の直前だったのね ^^);;;;;
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-mode-syntax-table): ?のsyntaxが"/"では
+	  まずいらしい
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash): name conflict
+
+Fri Oct 11 00:23:05 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-961011
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (w_object): 結局動いていなかった循環オブジェ
+	  クト対応を外した．
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash): Fixnumと文字列の高速化
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (w_object): 無駄なデータの削除(フォーマッ
+	  トの非互換性)
+
+	* io.c (io_readline): 戻り値の不備
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (marshal_dumps): MSDOS対応
+
+	* ruby.c (load_file): MSDOS対応
+
+Wed Oct  9 17:46:27 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (install): 無駄なコピーを避ける
+
+	* string.c (str_sub_method): マッチがなかった時のString#subの値が
+	  違っていた．
+
+	* eval.c (obj_extend): extendした時にobject_extendedを呼ぶように
+
+Tue Oct  8 00:55:38 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_alloc): 割当の平均化
+
+	* eval.c (thread_schedule): joinのバグを修正
+
+	* eval.c (thread_wait_for): selectへの割込みなどに対応
+
+	* eval.c (thread_select): linuxのselectの挙動に対応(timeoutが変化
+	  する)
+
+Mon Oct  7 09:47:19 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-961007
+
+	* eval.c (PUSH_BLOCK): the_classの保存を忘れていた．
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c (fdbm_store): sizeの保存する場所が間違っていた
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (s_accept): thread対応していなかった
+
+Sat Oct  5 01:32:27 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (io_readchar): EOFで例外を発生させる
+
+Fri Oct  4 11:59:54 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (w_object): HashとObjectの復旧に必要なハッ
+	  シュテーブルが渡されていなかった．
+
+	* variable.c (rb_path2class): ユーザ定義クラスの復旧に失敗していた
+
+	* variable.c (rb_path2class): クラスが存在しない時のエラーをFatal
+	  からNameErrorへ．
+
+	* range.c (range_s_new): first,lastが両方Numericの時エラーになって
+	  いた．
+
+	* range.c: start->first, end->last
+
+Wed Oct  2 02:02:46 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c: DJGPPでchmod,chownを使えるように(ってDOSにchownがあるのか?)
+
+	* class.c (rb_singleton_class): ビルトインクラスもextendしたり特異
+	  メソッドを追加したりできるように
+
+	* variable.c (rb_set_class_path): ユーザ定義のトップレベルクラスに
+	  pathを設定しない
+
+	* eval.c (eval): 例外がRuntimeErrorに化けていた
+
+	* eval.c (eval): eval中の例外の表現の改善
+
+	* eval.c (eval): eval_with_bindingとの一本化
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): クラス/モジュール定義の中から定義中のクラス/モ
+	  ジュールが参照できるように
+
+Tue Oct  1 01:40:09 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-961001
+
+	* parse.y: cur_crefが2度宣言されていた
+
+	* signal.c (trap): SIGSEGV，SIGBUSのない機種に対応
+
+	* io.c (Init_IO): 引数タイプの指定間違い
+
+Mon Sep 30 15:28:00 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-960930
+
+	* config.guess,config.sub: $host_osが正しく設定されない
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): yieldで正しくないselfが設定されていた
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_run): toplevelの例外処理のバグ
+
+Mon Sep 30 09:13:26 1996  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* djgpp対応
+
+Sat Sep 28 02:45:10 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-960928
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-beginning-of-block): ブロックの先頭に
+	  移動(正しくインデントしていないと動作しない)
+	  (ruby-end-of-block): 同上
+
+	* eval.c (class_s_new): Class#newがイテレータとして呼ばれた時は
+	  initializeもイテレータとして呼ばれるように
+
+	* signal.c (sigsegv): SEGVでbacktraceを表示するように
+
+Fri Sep 27 09:51:07 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-960927
+
+	* eval.c (error_print): 引数のないraiseでメッセージが正しく表示さ
+	  れるように．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_longjmp): mesgがnilの時RuntimeErrorを生成する．
+
+	* eval.c (f_raise): 引数がない時に対応
+
+	* eval.c (thread_mark): stack上にないデータのアドレス変換を行って
+	  いた．
+
+	* eval.c (Init_Thread): 割込みの間隔が1秒と長すぎた．
+
+Thu Sep 26 16:02:45 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_schedule): 一度ペンディングになるとフラグがクリア
+	  されていなかった．
+
+	* process.c (rb_proc_exec): system/execの引数が空文字列であった場
+	  合，例外を発生すべきだった．
+
+	* config.sub/config.guess: 新しいものに置き換え
+
+Thu Sep 26 15:41:35 1996  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (next_argv): -i.bakをBOWとDOSに対応．
+
+Thu Sep 26 01:31:43 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (io_sysread): EOFで例外
+
+	* io.c (f_readline): EOFで例外を発生するように．getsは互換性のため
+	  nilを返すままにする
+
+	* eval.c (proc_call): lambdaからのreturnでIN_BLOCKフラグが立ったま
+	  まだった
+
+	* eval.c (PUSH_BLOCK2): threadに対応するためBlockを一度stackにコピー
+
+Wed Sep 25 11:54:11 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (method_call): Const::method()形式を使えるようにしてみた．
+	  引数括弧は省略できない．
+
+	* sample/test.rb: Process.killの存在を確かめてからテストを行う
+
+	* eval.c (eval_with_binding): 第2引数としてbinding(またはlambda)を
+	  与えるとその環境でevalを実行するようにした
+
+	* eval.c (f_binding): 現在のbindingを返す関数
+
+	* eval.c: block構造体にthe_classを保存するメンバを追加
+
+	* process.c (Init_process): kill,wait,waitpidをProcessに移動
+
+Tue Sep 24 02:44:43 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el: いろいろ問題が多いので以前の高速化は破棄．
+	  別のアプローチを使った．
+
+	* lib/tk.rb (Tk.pack): 複数のウィンドウを受け付けるpack
+
+Sat Sep 21 11:08:09 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (exprs): 空文も受け付けるように文法を変更．今までは改行
+	  の連続だけが許されていた．
+
+Fri Sep 20 11:39:18 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* Failの大半を名前つき例外に変更．
+
+	* re.c (Init_Regexp): 名前つき例外を導入．
+
+	* eval.c (f_missing): Objectはinspectしない．
+
+	* object.c (inspect_i): Object#inspectでloopに対応．
+
+	* regex.c (re_search): /^$/が""にマッチしなかった．
+
+Thu Sep 19 19:25:12 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* regex.c (re_search): /^$/が非空行にマッチしていた．
+
+Tue Sep 17 10:28:11 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-960917
+
+Mon Sep 16 10:47:56 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): 演算子継続の場合の
+	  文字列の判定のバグ
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): elseなどの次の行の
+	  インデント計算を正しく．
+
+Sat Sep 14 08:37:19 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-960914
+
+Fri Sep 13 08:06:03 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (tcpaddr): port番号にntohsをつけ忘れ
+
+	* dln.c (link_undef): テーブルの種類が間違っていた．
+
+	* bignum.c (bigadd): 引き算が発生する時に計算違いが起きていた．
+
+	* parse.y (iter_do_block): do..endでもdynamic variableを．
+
+	* bignum.c (big_pow): より正確な計算を(整数同士ではfloatに変換しな
+	  い)．
+
+Thu Sep 12 13:11:55 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_set_class_path): Stringクラスが初期化される前に
+	  Stringを作っていた．組込みクラスにはpathはいらない
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): 0.1が0になっていた
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): 行番号の不整合
+
+	* gc.c (oblist_live_obj): 今「生きている」全部のオブジェクトを返す
+	  イテレータ．そのクラス(またはサブクラス)の全部のインスタンスを返
+	  すeach_object_ofも定義した．
+
+	* class.c (rb_define_class_id): 無駄なクラスを割り当てていた．結果
+	  として未初期化のクラスオブジェクトが存在していた．
+
+Wed Sep 11 00:56:23 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): octalの定数の検出をより正確に(090はエラーとか)．
+
+	* bignum.c (big_minus): yがxより大きい場合にエラー．
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): エラー行番号の表示をより正確に
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-expr-beg): 変数名が1文字の時誤動作して
+	  いた．
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): ?/でループに落ちい
+	  たバグを修正．
+
+	* enum.c (enum_min,enum_max): sortのようにイテレータとしても動作す
+	  るように．
+
+	* enum.c (enum_find_all): typo
+
+Tue Sep 10 12:07:12 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* node.h (nd_line): NODEのlineをflagsに押し込めてオブジェクトサイ
+	  ズを小さくした．制限:32bit intのマシンの場合，ファイルの行数が
+	  32767を越えると正常に表示されない．
+
+	* st.c: hashとcompareの関数メンバを構造体にパック，クラス的な使い
+	  方を行う．1 tableあたり4 byteの節約．
+
+Mon Sep  9 16:35:54 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (file_truncate): 提供されない時には特別な例外を発生するよ
+	  うに．
+
+	* eval.c (Init_Proc): 不適切な位置のlocal-jumpを例外に．
+
+Sat Sep  7 17:06:15 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (proc_call): まだスコープがスタック上にある時には局所脱出
+	  を有効にする．これで，procを生成してcallすることは，スコープを脱
+	  出しない限り，yieldと同じ意味を持つことになる．
+
+Fri Sep  6 13:30:59 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-indent-to): インデントが変わらない時に
+	  はバッファを変更しない．
+	  (ruby-calculate-indent): まず文字列の内部か判断してから，前の行
+	  からパーズを行う．defunが大きくなった時の高速化．
+	  (ruby-in-string-p): 文字列の内部かどうかを判断する関数(以前の
+	  parseから分離)
+	  (ruby-parse-region): 文字列に対する処理をはずす．
+	  (ruby-beginning-of-block): ブロックの先頭に
+	  (ruby-end-of-block): ブロックの末尾に(遅い…)
+
+Thu Sep  5 14:23:07 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (file_s_split): [dirname,basename]にsplitする．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): evalの中でも定数の値が正しくなるように．これで
+	  定数に関しては静的なスコープが保証されるようになった．
+
+	* st.c (rehash): ハッシュ拡大の系数を2から1.79に．割算がより良い値
+	  を返すように．
+
+Thu Sep  5 00:32:07 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (class_superclass) クラスのスーパークラスを返すメソッド．
+
+Wed Sep  4 16:54:56 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* random.c (f_rand): Bignumやlongの範囲を越えるFloatに対する乱数も
+	  発生できるように．
+
+	* struct.c (struct_alloc): Fatalではなく例外を発生させるように(通
+	  常の使用で発生しうる)．
+
+	* struct.c (struct_s_members): Structの特異メソッドではなく，生成
+	  されたStructクラスの特異メソッドにした．
+
+	* st.c (st_init_table): ruby専用にパラメタを固定にした(サイ
+	  ズが減った)
+
+Mon Sep  2 11:37:59 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* array.c (ary_shift): capaがあまりにも大きい時には領域をREALLOC
+	(ary_pop): 同上
+
+	* string.c (str_inspect): multibyte character 対応にミス．
+	(str_inspect): unsigned charにしないと符号展開されてしまう
+
+	* parse.y (primary): `::'をprimaryに移動 Foo::Bar.Bazがエラーにな
+	  らないように．
+
+	* parse.y (primary): オペレータ形式の特異メソッドが定義できない
+
+	* random.c (f_rand): maxが0の時に対応
+
+	* io.c (io_printf): 関数を定義していたがインタプリタに登録していな
+	  かった．
+
+	* file.c (file_s_basename): 第2引数が無い時にエラー．
+
+Thu Aug 29 10:49:40 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (expr): イテレータの新形式に「method do .. end」形式を採
+	  用した．もちろん昔の形式も有効．
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): endの数の方が多い場
+	  合にもエラーを起こさないように．
+
+Wed Aug 28 09:41:36 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (upto,downto,step,times): 対象がfixnumの範囲を越えても
+	  動作するように．
+
+Mon Aug 26 10:04:37 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* missing/setenv.c (envix): typo(missing `== 0' for memcmp)
+
+	* dir.c (dir_foreach): foreach(dir open -> read loop -> closeまで)
+
+	* io.c (io_foreach): foreach(file open -> read loop -> closeまで)
+
+	* Fatalのうち捕捉可能ないくつかを例外に．
+
+Sat Aug 24 23:56:37 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* bignum.c (bigdivmod): FIX2INT -> INT2FIX 大間違い
+
+Fri Aug 23 18:13:03 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* regex.c (re_free_registers): allocateしていない時には当然 free
+	  してはいけない．
+
+Thu Aug 22 01:20:35 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): 外側から強制終了させられたthreadは
+	  cleanupする必要が無い．
+
+Wed Aug 21 09:57:28 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): threadを終了させた大域脱出の情報を
+	  main_threadに渡すように．
+
+	* parse.y (call_args): 最終引数に括弧を省略したメソッド呼出しを置
+	  けるように(例: print foo bar, baz == print(foo(bar,baz)))
+
+Tue Aug 20 13:37:16 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (masign): 多重代入とrest引数の動作を合わせて空の配列を代
+	  入するように．
+
+	* parse.y (arg): defined?の強度をもうちょっと強く
+
+	* eval.c (error_print): -wで例外名も表示するように
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): 新構文に対応
+	(handle_rescue): 捕捉する例外を kind_of? で同定
+
+	* parse.y (primary): rescueの構文を変更(同定引数の追加，複数rescue)
+
+	* Fail()のかなりを適当な例外を使うように
+
+	* eval.c (thread_interrupt): Interrupt(今はnon-local jump)は
+	  main-threadに送られるように．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_longjmp): $! の内容を文字列から例外クラスに変更
+	(rb_raise): rb_fail から名称変更
+	(rb_interrupt): 例外化
+	(rb_exit): 例外化
+
+	* error.c (Init_Exception): 例外クラスの新設(文字列のサブクラス)
+
+Mon Aug 19 19:40:52 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* signal.c (trap): 古いハンドラを返すように．
+
+Wed Aug 14 00:07:18 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_trap_eval): ハンドラのためにthreadをforkすることを止
+	  めた．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_mark): thread毎の $!, $@ をマークし忘れ
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c (fdbm_delete): イテレータとして呼ばれた場合，要素
+	  が無ければブロックを評価する．
+
+	* hash.c (hash_delete): イテレータとして呼ばれた場合，要素が無けれ
+	  ばブロックを評価する．
+
+	* array.c (ary_delete): イテレータとして呼ばれた場合，要素が無けれ
+	  ばブロックを評価する．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_interrupt): SIGINTのデフォルトをexitから特別な大域脱
+	  出に．やはり割り込まれた位置の表示が無いのは寂しいので．
+
+Tue Aug 13 01:34:00 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_exit): sub-thread内でのexitもstatusを保存するように
+	(thread_create): 自thread内のexitに対応
+
+	* signal.c (sighandle): SIGINTのデフォルトハンドラはexitするように
+	  (以前は例外を発生していた)．
+
+	* 例外の一部をFatalに．
+
+	* string.c (str_aset): 文字列の置換の対象が部分文字列でなかった時，
+	  例外を発生させないように
+
+	* eval.c (proc_call): Procの中からbreak/nextは通し，他のものは通さ
+	  ないように
+
+Mon Aug 12 14:15:09 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (krn_type): 文字列を返す
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): sub-thread内でのexitに対応
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_type): 文字列を返す
+
+	* io.c (f_p): デバッグ用データ表示メソッド
+
+	* eval.c (f_missing): nil/TRUE/FALSEを特別扱い
+
+	* string.c (str_inspect): 長い文字列を短縮表示．inspectの働きを
+	  human readable stringの生成に統一(re-generatable string は正式に
+	  無くなった)．
+
+Sat Aug 10 16:54:21 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (Init_Object): kernel/nil/false/trueのクラス名を変更(小
+	  文字に)，rubyスクリプトからアクセスできないように．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): CONSTANTのアクセス先を単純化．crefを使わない．
+
+	* eval.c (f_eval): 特異メソッド内でも定数の値が正しくなるように
+
+Fri Aug  9 12:23:17 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* array.c (ary_concat): append -> concat Stringに合わせた
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): `$;'が使えなかった．
+
+	* array.c (ary_push_method): 複数引数を受け付けるように．
+	(ary_unshift): 複数引数を受け付けるように．
+
+	* io.c (io_popen): IO.popenでcommand pipeが開けるように．
+
+	* object.c (Init_Object): KernelとNilをruby scriptからアクセスでき
+	  ないように．
+
+Thu Aug  8 01:21:47 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (f_integer): 整数への変換関数
+	(f_float): 実数への変換関数
+	(f_string): 文字列への変換関数
+	(f_array): 配列への変換関数
+
+	* bignum.c (big_to_i): FIXNUMの範囲でない時はBignumのまま返すよう
+	  に変更．
+
+Wed Aug  7 09:28:38 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.1-960807
+
+	* parse.y (mlhs): 「*foo = 1,2,3」タイプの多重代入も可能に．
+
+	* object.c (Init_Object): クラスTrue/Falseをruby scriptからアクセ
+	  スできないように．
+
+	* object.c (nil_inspect): inspect表現は"nil"に
+
+	* io.c (io_print): nilのprintをnilに．
+
+	* object.c (nil_to_s): nilの文字列表現を""に．
+
+Tue Aug  6 01:12:32 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* dir.c (dir_s_open): file descripterが足りない時にはgcしてからも
+	  う一度openしてみる．
+
+	* io.c (rb_fopen): すべてのfopen()についてfile descripterが足りな
+	  い時にはgcしてからもう一度openしてみる．
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (Init_socket): 定数の追加．
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-indent-to): インデント後のカーソル位置
+	  の調整を正しく．
+
+	* gc.c (gc): 割込みチェックを行わない(Cコードの中で安心して
+	  malloc()が使えなくなるので)．
+
+	* st.c (call_hash_func): signalとthreadによる割込みに対応．
+
+	* sig.h (DEFER_INTS): 割込み禁止区間の指定
+
+	* eval.c (f_require): threadによるrequireの競合に対応(最初の
+	  requireが終了するまで他のthreadは待つ)．
+
+	* bignum.c (str2inum): 0x80000000の値が負になっていた
+
+	* sprintf.c (f_sprintf): 文字列末尾，行末の単独の`%'に対応
+
+	* bignum.c (big_cmp): 比較の結果が逆になる時があった．
+
+Mon Aug  5 10:58:13 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* process.c (proc_exec_v): 例外のメッセージを分かりやすく．
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c (fdbm_store): nilを格納すると要素の削除になる
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c: サイズをキャッシュ．
+
+Sat Aug  3 01:52:52 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_fail): `fail'が引数無しで呼ばれた時だけ以前の`$@'を保
+	  存するように．
+
+	* eval.c (f_fail): frameの調整
+
+Fri Aug  2 11:26:21 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (bsock_setopt): valとしてTRUE/FALSE/Fixnumも
+	  受け付けるように．
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (Init_socket): SO_REUSEADDR等の定数の追加
+
+	* ext/md5/md5init.c: md5モジュール(初の複数ファイルからなるモジュー
+	  ルでもある)
+
+	* ruby.h (Make_Data_Struct): Data: objectのinstance変数に格納 ->
+	  Data型のObjectに(Dir,Time,Proc,Thread,DBM)
+
+Thu Aug  1 11:38:44 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c (fdbm_store): valueが文字で無い時に対応
+
+Wed Jul 31 10:53:42 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (open_inet): htonsが必要であった
+	(tcpaddr): ntohlで変換した
+
+	* process.c (rb_proc_exec): execvp -> execv
+
+Tue Jul 30 17:48:33 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c: `$?'をthread localに
+
+	* Makefile.in (install): install時にstripを行う
+
+	* configure.in: install時のstripの検出
+
+	* configure.in: NEXTSTEP対応
+
+	* version 0.99.1-960730
+
+Tue Jul 30 16:40:35 1996  SHIROYAMA Takayuki  <psi@fortune.nest.or.jp>
+
+	* dln.c (dln_load): NeXT dln(mach-o)対応．configureは未対応
+
+Tue Jul 30 09:46:51 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* process.c (f_system): 複数引数もとれるように
+
+	* process.c (f_exec): 複数引数もとれるように
+
+	* array.c (ary_append): 配列(またはEnum)の要素を破壊的に追加
+
+	* array.c (ary_plus): Enumはその要素を追加
+
+	* file.c (file_s_open): File.openを追加
+
+	* struct.c (struct_new): FIX2INTを忘れていた
+
+	* file.c (Init_File): exists? -> exist?
+
+	* object.c (obj_is_kind_of): is_kind_of? -> kind_of?, is_a?
+
+	* object.c (obj_is_instance_of): is_instance_of? -> instance_of?
+
+Mon Jul 29 16:40:02 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (parse_regx): 式展開を行った場合，casefoldの設定ができて
+	  いなかった．
+
+	* object.c (true_type): TRUE/FALSEにtypeを実装．
+
+	* parse.y (read_escape): 3文字以内のoctalに対応(\0とか)
+
+Fri Jul 26 00:31:45 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* array.c (ary_reverse_bang): in-placeで配列を反転させる
+	(ary_sort_bang): in-placeでsortする
+	(ary_sort): sortした配列を返すように
+	(ary_delete_at): 指定した位置の要素を削除する
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): stack深さチェックを毎回は行わないように
+
+	* error.c (Warning): 実行中のwarningが表示されていなかった
+
+	* eval.c (compile): 例外発生を分離．
+
+	* eval.c (f_eval): 変数rb_in_evalを正しく管理するように
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c (fdbm_store): 格納するkeyを文字列に変換
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): 無限再帰のチェックを大域脱出を行うC methodにも
+	  対応させた．threadのstack深さチェックルーチンを流用．
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): 第1引数のunary -/+の判定が間違っていた．
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): unary +で数字を余計に読んでいた(ex. +5 -> 55)
+
+Thu Jul 25 12:15:04 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): 曖昧でない引数に対して警告を出していた．
+
+	* eval.c (iterator_p): 引数で呼んでも正しい結果を返すように．
+
+	* parse.y: break/next/redo/retryのメソッド化．
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): nestのチェックミス
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-region): 予約語のチェックを強化
+
+	* parse.y (primary): unless/untilの復活
+
+Tue Jul 23 18:50:10 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* array.c (Array#empty?), Hash.c (Hash#empty?), ext/dbm/dbm.c (DBM#empty?):
+	  空の判定述語
+
+	* eval.c (f_unless): ifの逆をするイテレータ
+
+	* eval.c (f_until): whileの逆をするイテレータ
+
+	* parse.y: notの優先順位をand/orより高く
+
+	* parse.y (expr): `!'を引数括弧を省略したcallでも有効に
+
+Mon Jul 22 10:15:38 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99-960722
+
+	* array.c (ary_print_on): OFSのNILチェックが不完全
+
+	* ruby.c  (load_file): 標準入力からのスクリプトが空の時に対応．
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): -wでは引数無しの時には標準入力からスクリ
+	  プトをとる(-vではたんに終了する)．
+
+	* array.c (ary_compact): nilの要素を取り除くメソッド
+
+	* array.c (ary_nitems): nilでない要素を数えるメソッド
+
+Sun Jul 20 00:51:53 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): -w optionを追加
+
+	* parse.y: {}が閉じていない時には展開しない文字列を
+
+Fri Jul 19 16:16:05 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99-960719
+
+	* lib/find.rb: 石塚版(pruneの拡張付き)
+
+	* file.c (test_l): lstatで調べないとね．
+
+	* eval.c (f_throw): 第2引数を省略可能に．
+
+	* parse.y (str_extend): {}のネストに対応
+
+Thu Jul 18 18:25:46 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99-960718
+
+	* parse.y (str_extend): 文字列中の式展開に \" ' ` / を含む事ができ
+	  るように．
+
+Tue Jul 16 15:55:31 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-region): 正規表現内のエスケープ
+	  に対応
+
+	* version 0.99-960716
+
+Fri Jul 12 10:06:19 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (f_select): 引数のclose check.
+
+	* ruby.c (load_file): #!行の引数チェックを第1引数に限定(実をいうと
+	  DOS改行対策)
+
+Wed Jul 10 17:18:35 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99-960710
+
+	* time.c (time_s_timegm/time_s_timelocal): 時間を生成するメソッド
+
+Mon Jun 17 15:59:20 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99-960617
+
+	* parse.y (yyerror): エラー表示の簡略化．
+
+Wed Jun 12 14:11:01 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* signal.c (rb_trap_exit): trap 0はthreadを生成せずに処理する．
+
+Fri Jun  7 10:17:01 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* array.c/hash.c (indexes): 配列1引数のパターンを無くした．配列の
+	  場合は`*ary'を使ってもらおう．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_wait_threads): main_threadが終了する前に他の
+	  threadを待つ(強制的には終了させない)．
+	  (ruby_run): 他のthreadを待っている間にシグナルが来たら，全thread
+	  を強制終了させる．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_fail): メソッド名を`$!'に埋め込む．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): main_threadのコンテクストがセーブされな
+	  い場合があった．
+
+	* process.c (f_sleep): 時間を指定せず，threadがひとつしかない状況
+	  にも対応．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): create後，fnを呼び出す前にcontext switch
+	  が起きると違うcontextでfnが実行されてしまうバグ．
+
+Mon Jun  3 08:03:17 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* struct.c (struct_s_def): メンバの指定を文字列，シンボル(FIXNUM)
+	  双方で可能にした．
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (Init_etc): 構造体オブジェクトをGCから保護した．
+
+	* error.c (rb_sys_fail): nil/FALSEを引数として受け付けるように．
+
+Thu May 30 16:19:08 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_select): EINTRに対応．
+
+Wed May 29 11:04:51 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (f_catch): catch/throwを実装した．
+
+Tue May 28 13:30:52 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99-960528
+
+	* eval.c (thread_cleanup): main threadが終了すると他のthreadも終了
+	  することの明確化．
+
+	* signal.c (trap): SIGINTのデフォルトの設定ミス(本当にSIG_DFLでは
+	  まずかった)．rubyではちゃんとハンドルしないと．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_interrupt): SIGINTはmain_threadに例外を発生させる
+	  ように．
+
+Mon May 27 15:13:31 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_status): threadの状態を返すメソッド．threadの終了
+	  を待たない．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_value): 一種のpromiseを実装するためのメソッド．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_join): 待っているthreadが例外を起こした時には，
+	  joinがその例外を発生するように．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): threadでの例外をpropagateしないように．
+
+Fri May 24 10:47:53 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* enum.c (Init_Enumerable): `size' as alias to the `length'
+
+	* eval.c (thread_save_context): `$@', `$!'をスレッド毎にセーブ．
+
+	* eval.c (superclass): エラー表示をより親切に．
+
+Thu May 23 10:38:41 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99-960523
+
+	* eval.c (superclass): エラー時にスーパークラス名を(分かれば)表示
+	  するように．
+
+Wed May 22 19:48:42 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (superclass): スーパークラスの指定子を`:'から`<'に変更．
+
+Tue May 21 09:27:59 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/thread.rb: threadをサポートするクラス(Mutex, Queue)．
+
+Mon May 20 09:39:49 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* time.c (time_cmp): 浮動小数点数も扱えるように．
+	(time_minus): Time - Timeが浮動小数点数を返すように．
+
+Fri May 17 15:40:10 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* process.c (rb_proc_exec): Thread対応時にexecの直前に
+	  ITIMER_VIRTUALをリセットする．
+
+Tue May 14 02:12:44 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* signal.c (sighandle): SIGINTに対してデフォルトで例外を発生させる
+	  のをやめ，status 130でexitするようにした．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_schedule): Threadのバグはほとんどとれたようだ．
+
+Fri May 10 11:21:08 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_schedule): ユーザレベルThread機能．効率はともかく
+	  移植性はある．今後，thread間の通信機能を実装する予定．
+
+Thu May  2 21:22:31 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* time.c (time_timeval): struct timevalを直接返すように(static変数
+	  を使わない)．
+
+Wed May  1 17:27:32 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* process.c (f_sleep): 整数以外のtimeを指定できるように．
+
+Thu Apr 25 08:19:15 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (file_s_dirname): ファイル名が"/"を含まない時，"."を返す
+	  ように(GNU dirnameの仕様)．
+
+	* file.c (file_s_basename): まだnilと0を混同しているソースが残って
+	  いた．
+
+	* parse.y (exprs): エラーリカバリを追加．
+
+Wed Apr 24 15:51:05 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_chop_bang): CRLFの場合2 bytesをchop!するように．
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (tcp_svr_s_open): まだnilと0を混同しているソー
+	  スが残っていた．
+
+Tue Apr 23 18:14:25 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* pack.c (pack_pack): "A/a"のバグ．余計なpaddingが入っていた．
+
+Thu Apr 18 13:02:11 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* configure.in: アーキテクチャ依存部を別ディレクトリにインストール
+	  するように．
+
+	* parse.y (yyerror): エラー発生時にエラー行とその位置を表示するよ
+	  うに．
+
+Wed Apr 17 14:22:42 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* defines.h: SAFE_SIGHANDLEを無くし，危険な選択はできないように．
+
+	* io.c (io_ungetc): 新機能．
+
+	* ruby.c (load_file): ファイルからの読み込み方式が変わったのに対応．
+
+	* parse.y (compile_file): ファイルからの入力を一度全部読み込むのを
+	  止めて，getsを使うことにした．
+
+Wed Apr 10 17:40:11 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.98
+
+Tue Apr  9 09:54:30 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (iter_block): イテレータブロックの指定をメソッド呼び出し
+	  に限定．文法の明確化．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): 条件式の正規表現の比較をinline化．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): defined? の 定義情報(種別)を文字列で返す．
+
+	* node.h: NODE_BEGIN -> NODE_RESCUE, NODE_ENSUREに分離．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): option -n/-pのトップレベルループのinline展開．
+
+	* parse.y (cond0): 条件式中の文字列は比較の対象としない
+
+Wed Mar 27 12:33:54 1996  Tairo Nomura  <tairo@hucom.tp.titech.ac.jp>
+
+	* defines.h: NeXT対応
+
+Wed Mar 27 10:02:44 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y: 予約語の変更 continue -> next
+
+Mon Mar 25 07:34:37 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (parse_regx): o(once)オプションを追加．
+
+Fri Mar 22 14:25:35 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.97d
+
+	* eval.c (dyna_var_defined): 動的ローカル変数の定義チェック用ルー
+	  チン．
+
+	* parse.y (gettable): eval()の中での動的ローカル変数(既に値を持っ
+	  ているもの)の検出に失敗していた．
+
+Tue Mar 19 10:46:47 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.97c
+
+	* re.c (reg_s_new): compile時にsegmentation fault．
+
+	* parse.y (str_extend): いつもevalするように．
+
+Wed Mar 13 11:00:42 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (str_extend): 文字列中の式展開の不備を無くした．
+
+	* parse.y: 下手なエラーリカバリを外した．
+
+Tue Mar 12 12:30:20 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rescue): 間違ってensureでも例外を捕捉していた．
+
+Wed Mar  6 12:11:03 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (var_extend): 変数展開"#{}"で，任意の式を書けるようにし
+	  た，これで「変数」展開では無くなっちゃったなあ．
+
+	* regex.c (init_syntax_once): `_'をwordに追加．
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_pattern): `\w',`\W'の判定をsyntax tableを使
+	  うように．
+
+Tue Feb 27 10:15:32 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (obj_inspect): 表示するインスタンス変数が無い時には，
+	  to_sを使う．
+
+	* configure.in: dlnの検出を自動的に．
+
+Mon Feb 26 19:55:33 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.c (readin): read(2)で一度にファイルが読み込めない場合に対応．
+
+Sat Feb 24 14:47:18 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.97b
+
+Fri Feb 23 11:26:02 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* class.c (rb_define_module): C言語で定義されたモジュールのPATHの
+	  設定忘れ．文字列化でcore dump．
+
+	* eval.c (mod_include): 戻り値をnilに．
+
+	* version 0.97a
+
+Thu Feb 22 21:03:42 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* array.c (ary_times): 「配列*文字列」がjoinと同じ働きをするように．
+
+Wed Feb 21 11:18:09 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* configure.in : fileCountをcache．
+
+	* configure.in : LinuxでELF環境を自動的に検出できるよう．
+
+Tue Feb 20 11:18:09 1996  Mitsuhide Satou  <mit-sato@aries.bekkoame.or.jp>
+
+	* FreeBSD dynamic link対応．
+
+Fri Feb 16 08:50:01 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (obj_inspect): インスタンス変数を持たないオブジェクトも
+	  正しく表示されるように．
+
+Wed Feb 14 16:56:44 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): 条件式の`2..2'など左辺成立直後に右辺が成立する
+	  パターンにバグ．
+
+Tue Feb 13 18:22:22 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.97
+
+Fri Feb  9 21:32:55 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/tkscrollbox.rb: スクロールでtclの設定を行い，ruby<->wishの不
+	  要な通信を無くした．
+
+Wed Feb  7 10:26:52 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_aref): indexをunsigned intでとっていた．
+
+	* string.c (str_aref): 範囲外のindexに対してnilを返す．
+
+	* parse.y (special_local_set): `$_'が宣言無しに使われた場合に対応．
+	  関数をvariable.cから移動．
+
+	* string.c (str_sub): 置換開始位置が間違っていた．
+
+Tue Feb  6 16:17:31 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-region): コメントの読み飛ばしの
+	  バグ．
+
+Fri Feb  2 18:35:28 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* variable.c (lastline_get): `$_'を`$~'と同じようにSCOPEローカルな
+	  変数にした．
+
+Thu Feb  1 14:14:07 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c: statのcacheをやめた．
+
+Wed Jan 31 07:13:08 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (proc_s_new): procの中でyieldを呼ばれた時にcore dumpして
+	  いた．とりあえず例外を発生させる．
+
+	* variable.c (rb_class2path): singleton classに対応．
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (Init_etc): struct_defineのターミネータがnilだった
+	  (0でなければならない)．
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c: TRUE/FALSEを吐き出せるように．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_get_method_body): キャッシュのalias対応，いままでは
+	  aliasはキャッシュに入っていなかった．
+
+Tue Jan 30 09:55:13 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): NODE_BLOCK - tail recursive(というほどでもない
+	  が)．
+
+	* io.c (io_pipe): pipe(2)を実装した．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): Qselfをなくした．thread対応への第一歩．先は遠
+	  いが…．
+
+	* eval.c (proc_call): procの中でのreturnはprocの終了を意味するよう
+	  に．ただし，procからのyieldの中でのreturnは例外を発生する．
+
+Wed Jan 24 11:33:48 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.96a
+
+	* dir.c (dir_each): `$_'の値を変更するのをやめた．
+
+	* io.c (f_readlines): nilとFALSEの分離のあおりで無限ループに落ちて
+	  いた．
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_options): $0の設定ミス．
+
+Tue Jan 23 15:28:21 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): ``は文字列を引数とするメソッド(`)呼び出しのシ
+	  ンタックスシュガーであるとした．
+
+	* ruby.c (addpath): `-I'オプションでディレクトリが「前に」追加され
+	  るように変更．
+
+Fri Jan 19 11:23:12 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* dln.c (load_1): N_INDR対応(出来たような気がする)．
+
+Thu Jan 18 18:14:20 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.texi: FALSEとnilの分離を反映した．
+
+Tue Jan 16 17:39:23 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.96 - とりあえずnilとFALSEを区別する版
+
+Wed Jan 10 15:31:48 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* re.c (reg_match): マッチしなかった時の戻り値はFALSE．
+
+	* object.c (rb_equal): `0 == nil'がTRUEになるバグ．
+
+Tue Jan  9 00:44:58 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* nilとFALSEが分離可能に変更．
+
+	* nilとFALSEと0の区別を厳密に．
+
+	* struct.c (struct_new): 引数を0で終る必要が無くなった．
+
+	* object.c (inspect_i): オブジェクトのチェックのバグ(Fixnumでcore
+	  dumpしていた)．
+
+	* range.c (range_to_s): Rangeの表示を改善．
+
+	* object.c (true_inspect): TRUEの表示を`TRUE'に．
+
+Mon Jan  8 15:02:33 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_mul): divide by zero errorが発生した(オーバーフロー
+	  検出のバグ)
+
+	* texinfo.texをパッケージに含めた．
+
+Sun Dec 31 00:08:49 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): `::'では，そのクラスで定義された定数を参照する
+	  ように変更．
+
+	* string.c (Init_String): eachをeach_lineに戻した．
+
+Thu Dec 28 12:31:55 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): caseの演算子を`=~'から`==='に．
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_set): クラス定数の再定義を許す(同じクラスで
+	  は不可)．警告は出す．
+
+Wed Dec 27 13:27:52 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.95c
+
+	* ext/tkutil/tkutil.c: wishがあってもなくても一応コンパイルだけは
+	  するように．
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: 環境変数PATHから{wish|wish4.0}を探すように．
+
+Tue Dec 26 01:03:42 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-region): 正規表現の検出強化．
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_mul): 乗算のオーバーフロー検出アルゴリズムのバグ．
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in: ./install-shを使う場合のPATHを調整．
+
+	* Makefile.in (install): lib/*.rbを一つずつインストール．
+
+	* io.c (io_each_line): イテレータの戻り値をnilで統一．
+
+Fri Dec 22 10:34:32 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.95b
+
+	* variable.c (f_untrace_var): 第2引数を指定すると特定のtraceを削除
+	  できるように．
+
+	* variable.c (f_trace_var): 第2引数がnilの時，traceを削除する．
+
+	* lib/tk.rb (file_readable/file_writable): 第2引数をnilにすること
+	  によるevent handlerの削除．
+
+	* parse.y (variable): ドキュメントに`__FILE__'と`__LINE__'が残って
+	  いた．`caller(0)'で代用したはずだったのに．
+
+	* eval.c (f_eval): $!のリセット．
+
+	* error.c (err_sprintf): 勝手に"\n"を付加するのを止めた．
+
+	* parse.y (f_arglist): 引数リスト直後のif/whileの読み間違い．
+	  lex_stateの値が設定されていなかった．
+
+Thu Dec 21 00:56:57 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.95a - ^^;;;
+
+	* lib/tkscrollbox.rb: パッケージに入ってなかった．
+
+	* configure.in: FILE structureのチェックにバグ．
+
+	* Makefile.in (clean): ext以下をinstallしていた．
+
+	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: Solarisにおける-lnlsのチェック．
+
+	* array.c (beg_len): バグがあった…．悲しい．
+
+	* version 0.95 - fj.sourcesに
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): rescueのロジックをrb_rescue()に一元化．
+
+Wed Dec 20 19:30:58 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* Makefile.in: 不要なコンパイルの回避(より完全に)．
+
+	* class.c (singleton_class_new): `single'->`singleton'
+
+Tue Dec 19 07:14:33 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (closed?): IOがcloseされているかどうかを知る述語．
+
+	* parse.y (primary): 特異メソッドの引数のlex_stateが不適切．
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: tcl->rubyの変換関数の用意．
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (install): installの2重コンパイルの回避．
+
+	* array.c (range_beg_len): range指定の不適切なエラーを訂正．
+
+	* string.c (str_aref): range指定のバグを削除．
+
+	* lib/tk.rb (tk_split_list): Tclのリストに対応．
+
+Mon Dec 18 09:58:12 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.94
+
+	* dln.c (dln_load): HP対応(未確認)
+
+	* eval.c (Init_Proc): BlockをProcに改名．
+
+Sat Dec 16 13:46:14 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): retryでイテレータの再実行ができるように．
+
+Fri Dec 15 17:14:30 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c: proc:lambdaの親しみやすい別名
+
+Thu Dec 14 17:21:55 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (dyna_var_asgn): イテレータブロック内で最初に初期化された
+	  ローカル変数の有効範囲をそのブロック内に限定．これでlambdaと呼べ
+	  ないことはない．
+
+Wed Dec 13 02:30:58 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* gc.c: autoloadのマークミス．
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: wishからの複数行の戻り値に対応
+
+	* lib/tkcomposite.rb: 複合widget
+
+	* variable.c (rb_class2path): ICLASSに対応してなかった．
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_run): exit(0)のバグ
+
+Sat Dec  9 01:21:24 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (dumps|load): 文字列に対する入出力を可能に
+	  した(ただし実はファイル経由なのだ)．
+
+Fri Dec  8 18:29:11 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c: シンボルを一度だけ初期化する．
+
+Thu Dec  7 07:58:50 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): 第1引数の正規表現の認識にエラーがあった．同時に
+	  状態数を減らした．
+
+	* string.c (str_sub): 置換でスキップ幅が大きすぎた．
+
+Wed Dec  6 15:14:23 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_sub_method): sub/gsub(!なし)は置換が行なわれなかっ
+	  た時，置換前の文字列を返す．
+
+Tue Dec  5 00:55:15 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): 括弧を省略した時の引数展開の`*'に対応．
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_run): EXITハンドラ内での例外に対応．
+
+	* bignum.c (big_cmp): BignumとFixnumの比較で落ちる．
+
+Mon Dec  4 14:21:18 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (call_op): コンパイル時の定数式の展開をやめた．労多くし
+	  て益少ないと判断したので．
+
+Thu Nov 30 01:35:15 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: {Radio,Check}Buttonのvariableの実装．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_yield_0): Block.callがネストした時のバグ．
+
+	* io.c (f_select): 常に配列3つをふくむ配列を返すように
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: fileeventをruby側で実装．
+
+Wed Nov 29 17:53:23 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_ivar_get): selfを常に指定するように．
+
+Tue Nov 14 00:07:29 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: Tk4.0対応
+
+Mon Nov 13 16:23:32 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.93
+
+Thu Nov  9 23:26:01 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark): モジュールのMixinのマーク忘れ．
+
+	* parse.y (f_arglist): メソッド定義の引数を括弧で括らなくても良い
+	  ようにした．
+
+Wed Nov  8 00:17:51 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_yield_0): 未初期化のローカル変数があった．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): pendig signalのチェックをeval実行後に行うよう
+	  にした．でないとシグナルの発生と検出が遠く離れてしまう事がある．
+
+	* parse.y: class文のsuperclass部を定数から式に拡張した．
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: Tkのほぼ全ウィンドウクラスに対応．キャンバスとテキス
+	  ト上のオブジェクトが残っている．
+
+Tue Nov  7 08:18:37 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* signal.c (trap): ブロックを指定できるように．
+
+Mon Nov  6 16:44:00 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (f_caller): 呼出元の情報を得る．
+
+	* ext/tkutil/tkutil.c: wishのstderr出力を監視することで，エラー処
+	  理を行う．
+
+	* ext/tkutil/tkutil.c: wishとの通信部をCで記述．
+
+Sat Nov  4 01:12:59 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): インデントの計算を
+	  もう少しスマートにした(正規表現のチェック，継続行のチェック)．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): 無限再帰を避けるため，関数のネストレベルの制限
+	  を行なう．
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: Tkインターフェース．まだ不完全だが．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_yield_0): 空のBlockのバグ．
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): 行末の演算子による
+	  行継続に対応．
+
+Fri Nov  3 12:56:21 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): 本体が空の関数の実行にバグ．
+
+	* parse.y (var_extend): 文字列の末尾の変数展開のバグ．
+
+	* variable.c (rb_gvar_set): traceの評価時にに変数値を与えるように．
+
+	* eval.c (f_require): ruby scriptのrequireにbug．
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_get): モジュールのinclude対策．
+
+Thu Oct 19 13:56:06 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* dln.c (dln_load): HP対応でのtypo.
+
+Wed Oct 18 17:39:39 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.92
+
+	* object.c (krn_type): オブジェクトの動的な型を返すメソッド．
+
+Tue Oct 17 00:48:18 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): -X オプション．chdirだけを行う．
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): 漢字コードを途中で変更できるように．コンパイ
+	  ル時のコードが変更された時にはマッチの直前に正規表現の再コンパイ
+	  ルを行う．定数KCODEから変数$KCODEへ．
+
+	* parse.y: ()のなかにcompexprを許す．
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): メモリリークを直した．
+
+Fri Oct 13 13:19:19 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_sub): 文字列置換にバグ．
+
+	* string.c (str_strip_bang): 文字列の後ろの長さの調整が行われてい
+	  なかった．
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): $&, $1...はローカルに束縛するようになった．呼
+	  び出したメソッドでのマッチは現スコープの$&などの値に影響しない．
+	  マッチの情報をスコープ外で得たいときには$~を使って束縛情報を持ち
+	  出す必要がある．
+
+Thu Oct 12 00:33:33 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): String:split, String:indexでは$&, $1...が変化
+	  しないようにした．
+
+	* io.c (rb_str_setter): setterの仕様が変更になっていた．
+
+	* variable.c (f_trace_var): 第2引数を省略してイテレータとして呼べ
+	  るように．
+
+Wed Oct 11 11:50:59 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.91
+
+	* variable.c (var_setter): 引数が間違っていた．致命的バグ．
+
+	* io.c (pipe_open): $stderrの値が変更されている時にはそちらを
+	  子プロセスのstderrに設定する．
+
+Mon Oct  9 13:06:33 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (mod_to_s): モジュール内のモジュールは`::'を使った表現
+	  で表示されるように．
+
+	* variable.c (rb_gvar_set): 代入によるループが発生しないように，
+	  trace内での代入ではtraceを評価しない．
+
+	* struct.c (struct_equal): structのequal判定にクラスの一致を含めた．
+
+Sat Oct  7 00:18:32 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): defined?の機能を拡張(yieldのチェック，superの
+	  存在など)．
+
+Fri Oct  6 12:06:47 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.90
+
+	* st.c (st_foreach): 要素を削除した時に要素数が変化していなかった．
+
+	* hash.c (hash_values): バグ修正．keysを返していた…．
+
+	* parse.y (call_op): defined? の引数では定数の畳み込みを行わない
+	  (チェックする前にコンパイルエラーになっては困る)．
+
+	* スコープ生成の一部見直し．
+
+Thu Oct  5 00:29:43 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* 関数とクラスの命名規則を変更した．関数名，変数名の全面書き換え．
+
+	* gc.c (looks_pointerp): ヒープチェックの高速化．
+
+	* struct.c (Fstruct_aset): 構造体に対する`[]='．
+	(struct_set): 構造体メンバに対する代入．
+
+Wed Oct  4 09:54:07 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.89
+
+	* eval.c (Frequire): ダイナミックロードのエラーチェックを厳しく．
+
+	* struct.c: structの構造を完全に書き換えた．以前は順序付きの
+	  id->valueの連想配列であったが，今度は構造体毎に新しいクラスを生
+	  成するようにした．
+
+	* parse.y: `::'の意味をAssocの生成からクラス(モジュール)内の定数ア
+	  クセスへ変更．
+
+	* assoc.c: なくす．
+
+Tue Oct  3 13:31:08 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* variable.c (Ftrace_var): trace_var, 大域変数への書き込みhookを設
+	  定する．
+
+	* variable.c: global_entryの構成を書き換えた．これでtrace_varを実
+	  装できる．
+
+	* file.c (Ffile_stat): "&"で直前のfstatの結果も参照できるように．
+
+Fri Sep 29 14:15:13 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.88
+
+	* dln.c (dln_load): AIXとHPに対応したコードを入れた(動作は未確認)．
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in: 必要に応じて，定数EXTLIBを定義するように．
+
+	* dln.c (dln_load): dln独立に書き換える．将来の拡張用．
+	(load_1): dln_a_outにおいてソースコードでライブラリを明示的にロー
+	ドする必要がないように変更した．
+
+Thu Sep 28 13:31:37 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el: もっとましなhilit19対応(正規表現)．
+
+Wed Sep 27 04:12:44 1995  Takahasi Mamoru  <taka@soum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/test.rb: echoで-nを使わないように(SysV対策)．
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in: sub -> sub!
+
+Tue Sep 26 19:12:42 1995  Yasuo OHBA  <jammy@csg.mes.co.jp>
+
+	* dln.c (dln_find_1): `.', `..'から始まるパスに対応した.
+
+Mon Sep 25 12:33:03 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.87
+
+Sat Sep 23 10:00:18 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (Fmod_modfunc): メソッドをprivateにし，同時に特異メソッド
+	  も定義するメソッド．パッケージ的使い方のモジュール用．
+
+Fri Sep 22 11:02:44 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/find.rb: findを提供するライブラリ
+
+	* variable.c (rb_define_variable): hookの設定を分離．
+	(add_hook): 1変数に対して複数のhookを設定できるように．
+
+Thu Sep 21 00:22:11 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (Fstr_frozen): 文字列が更新不可かどうかをチェックする述
+	  語メソッド．
+
+	* hash.c (Fhash_aset): keyが文字列の時，キーの内容が変化しないよう
+	  に，dupしてfreezeする．
+
+Wed Sep 20 16:12:44 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.86
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (have_header): キャッシュにバグ．
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (have_library): 引数の順序が変わった．
+
+Thu Sep 14 18:00:59 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (obj_is_instance_of): is_member_ofから名称変更．
+
+	Wed Sep 13 15:44:35 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (Fstr_tr_bang): 範囲外の文字に対する変換バグ．
+
+Tue Sep 12 14:27:58 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (Sfile_expand_path): expand_file_name -> expand_pathに名
+	  称変更．
+
+	* enum.c (Fenum_member): includes? -> member? に名称変更．
+
+	* string.c (Fstr_each_byte): StringはByteArrayであるという基本に戻っ
+	  て，eachの定義をeach_byteに変更した．今までのeachはeach_lineでア
+	  クセスできる．
+
+Mon Sep 11 18:31:17 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (cache_stat): ファイル名として"&"を指定すると直前の
+	  stat(2)の結果を再利用するように．
+
+Fri Sep  8 14:18:51 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.texi: `!', `?'に対応してアップデート．
+
+	* parse.y: defined -> defined?
+
+	* file.c: FileOpの一文字メソッドをなくす．一文字テストはtestメソッ
+	  ドにまかせる．
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): 変数名の後ろに`?'も許す．述語メソッドの後ろに
+	  `?'を追加する．
+
+Thu Sep  7 20:01:33 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c: 文字列の中身を更新するメソッドの名前の終りに`!'を付加．
+	  `!'の無いバージョンも用意した．
+
+	* parse.y: 変数名の後ろに`!'を許す．
+
+Wed Sep  6 14:12:19 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.85
+
+	* string.c (Fstr_dup): 文字列の複製を作る
+	(Fstr_freeze): 文字列の更新不可属性を設定できるように．
+	(Fsub/Fgsub): $_の内容をdupしてから置換を行うように．
+
+	* ruby.h (CLONESETUP): flagsの状態もコピー
+
+Tue Sep  5 01:27:50 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/test.rb: 失敗の検出を厳しく．
+
+Fri Aug 25 14:31:02 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* process.c (Ffork): イテレータとしても動作するように．
+
+	* version 0.84
+
+	* signal.c (sig_beg): ハンドラが設定されている時には再設定しない．
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (create_makefile): shared objectのリンクの際に
+	  `-l'オプションを指定するように．
+
+	* signal.c (trap): `EXIT'で終了処理を行う設定が出来る．
+
+Wed Aug 16 00:13:22 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* signal.c (sig_beg): デフォルトではbegin節の中でだけSIGINTを捕捉
+	  するように変更．
+
+	* io.c (io_ctl): fcntlを持たないシステムにも対応．
+
+	* 各ディレクトリに分散していたMANIFESTをまとめた．拡張モジュール毎
+	  には必要．
+
+	* string.c (Sstr_new,str_sub,Fstr_crypt): 引数を自動的に文字列に変
+	  換するように．
+
+Sat Aug 12 00:44:02 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (Fstr_crypt): PD cryptを用意した．
+
+Fri Aug 11 14:37:03 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* assoc.c (Fassoc_clone): assocもcloneできるように．
+
+	* io.c: マクロREAD_DATA_PENDINGの定義を変更(Linux対応)
+
+	* io.c (io_fptr_finalize): fptrの解放時の処理を指定できるように．
+
+Wed Aug  9 16:52:41 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_provided): 複数のfeatureをロードすると無限ループに落
+	  ちるという単純な(しかし凶悪な)ミス．
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (install): dlopen対応を行った．今までdlnにしか十
+	  分に対応していなかった．
+
+Tue Aug  8 14:17:06 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.83
+
+Mon Aug  7 12:47:41 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y: resque -> rescue．恥ずかしいがtypoを残しておくわけには
+	  いかないよなあ．なんで今まで気がつかなかったのか…．
+
+Thu Aug  3 18:18:05 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* missing/nt.c: NT移植用の関数群をまとめた．
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_get): また例外を発生するようにした．defined
+	  がある以上例外を発生させない理由がないので(例外が発生した方がタ
+	  イプミスの検出などの点で有利)．
+
+	* variable.c (Fautoload): autoloadを実装．今度は使えるか．
+
+Mon Jul 31 15:44:21 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (arg_ambiguous): 第1引数のあいまいさを警告(-vオプション
+	  で有効)．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): `-v'オプションをつけて`def'が呼ばれると不必要
+	  なエラーメッセージが出た．
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): メソッドの第1引数の判定をもうちょっと賢くした．
+
+Fri Jul 28 19:04:43 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): `+/-/['の直前に空白が来るかどうかで動作を変更し
+	  た(混乱のもとか?)
+
+Wed Jul 26 09:21:23 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.82a
+
+	* sprintf.c (Fsprintf): `%s'で'\0'を含む文字列に対応．
+
+	* pack.c (Fpck_pack): packの要素確保のバグ．
+
+	* eval.c (Floop): 無限ループのイテレータ．
+
+	* io.c (next_argv): 存在しないファイル名が指定された時のエラー処理
+	  が行われていなかった．
+
+Mon Jul 24 17:37:34 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.82
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (install): 拡張モジュールをstatic linkする場合は
+	  そのモジュールが既にrequireされたのと同じようにfeatureを設定する．
+	  これで拡張モジュールの機能が必要な時には(static linkされているか
+	  どうかにかかわらず)requireすればよくなる．
+
+	* eval.c (Frequire): `$"'に格納する文字列をフルパスでなくフィーチャ
+	  名とする．rubyスクリプトをロードした時には`.rb'，オブジェクトを
+	  ロードした時には`.o'をフィーチャ名に付加する．lispのrequireと
+	  provideの働きに(少し)近い．
+
+Thu Jul 20 12:50:05 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* Makefile.in (test): make testができるように．
+
+	* struct.c (struct_new): typo.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): `defined'を追加．メソッド/変数/定数の定義状態
+	  を知る事が出来る．
+
+Wed Jul 19 18:04:01 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.81
+
+Mon Jul 17 14:53:51 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_get): 未初期化のCONSTANTの値をnilにした．し
+	  かし，今後また例外に戻す可能性はある．要はoptionalなクラス/モジュー
+	  ルが存在するかチェックしたいだけなんだな．
+
+	* st.c (int): grow_factorを固定にした(大嶋さんのマシンに対応)．
+
+Fri Jul 14 00:48:40 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in: キャッシュのバグを修正．
+
+	* parse.y (var_extend): #{$数字}に対応した．
+
+	* dln.c (dln_load_1): `Init_FILENAME'だけを有効に．`init_*'は今後
+	  実行しない．
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c : Etcモジュールを拡張モジュールとして分離．実はNT
+	  対応への布石だったりするかもしれない．
+
+Tue Jul 11 17:12:48 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* gcc -Wallで出たwarningを元にソースを変更．
+
+	* signal.c (trap): typo.
+
+Fri Jul  7 10:08:51 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.80
+
+	* ruby.texi: texinfo documentを提供．specとruby.1は無くなった．
+
+	* signal.c (Ftrap): 割込み禁止中の例外発生に対応．
+
+	* eval.c (Flambda): Blockオブジェクトを返す．Block.newと同義．
+
+Thu Jul  6 00:35:03 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* signal.c (Ftrap): SIG_DFLの処理を変更．SIGINTへのデフォルトハン
+	ドラを用意(例外を発生する)．
+
+	* file.c (Sfile_expand_fname): パス名を絶対パスに展開するメソッド．
+	(Sfile_basename): basenameを得るメソッド．拡張子も外せる．
+	(Sfile_dirname): basenameの反対．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): argument評価中の例外発生に対応．
+
+	* file.c (Ftest): `M', `A', `C'を追加.
+
+Tue Jul  4 12:36:33 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (Ftest): ファイルテスト用メソッド．
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): `-r'オプションを追加．
+
+	* parse.y (f_args): デフォルト引数を追加．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): 該当する引数が無い時，rest引数の値をnilに．
+
+	* numeric.c (num_equal): 数値以外との比較で例外が発生していた．
+	  FALSEを返すように．
+
+	* eval.c (masign): 多重代入のrest部の動作がおかしかった．
+
+Sat Jun 17 01:03:16 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (gettable): 未初期化のローカル変数の参照(独立した識別子)
+	  は正式にメソッド呼び出しとした．
+
+	* parse.y (read_escape): tokenbufを使わないように修正．それにとも
+	  ない，`\C-x',`\M-x'などのエスケープ表現を復活．これでドキュメン
+	  トと実際の処理系が一致した．
+
+Thu Jun 15 15:42:00 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* re.c (re_regcomp): cacheのチェックを改善．
+
+Mon Jun 12 18:50:51 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.79
+
+Sat Jun 10 00:25:01 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* re.c (re_regcomp): cache判定に`$='の値も反映させた．
+
+	* sample/test.rb: test suite作成．
+
+Fri Jun  9 15:58:34 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* re.c (re_regcomp): cacheの判定が間違っていた．
+
+Fri Jun  9 00:01:35 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c (rb_yield): block構造体に初期化していないメンバ(iter)があっ
+	  たのでイテレータのネストが正しく動作しなかった．
+
+Thu Jun  8 00:59:03 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* re.c (=~): String以外との比較がFALSEを返すように(例外を発生して
+	  いた)．
+
+	* extmk.rb.in: 判定した値をファイルにキャッシュするようにした．
+
+	* assoc.c (to_a): to_aメソッドが再定義されていなかった．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): 初期化されていないローカル変数へのアクセスを引
+	  数の無いメソッド呼び出しと解釈する．ただし，(現状では)メソッドが
+	  定義されていない場合，エラーにせず変数未初期化のwaringを出して
+	  nilを返している．「ruby -pe print」などが実行できるという意味で
+	  はありがたいこの仕様は，しかし今後の検討が必要である．-- メソッ
+	  ド呼び出しとするのを止めるか(以前の仕様)，いつもメソッド呼び出し
+	  とする(未定義ならばエラー)か，今の仕様で行くか．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): 初期化されていないローカル変数へのアクセスで
+	  (evalなどで)初期化された事が分かった時には以後初期化されたローカ
+	  ル変数とみなす．
+
+Wed Jun  7 11:58:12 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_fail): 例外処理後も`$!'をクリアしないように．
+	  (rb_fail): `$!'変数に最後に改行を追加しない．
+
+	* io.c (Fprint): privateメソッドに変更．引数を取らない時の動作を変
+	  更(`$_'を出力する)．
+	  (Fio_print): 出力先指定のprintメソッド．
+	  (Fio_printf): 出力先指定のprintfメソッド．
+
+	* parse.y: not演算子の追加．優先順位の低い`!'演算子．
+
+Mon Jun  5 19:00:55 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* version 0.78
+
+Fri Jun  2 17:52:03 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): -Iオプションで`$:'への追加される順番を修
+	  正した．
+
+Fri Jun  2 00:36:34 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* parse.y: while修飾子の動作を通常のwhileと同じにした．ただし，
+	  begin式へのwhile修飾子だけはdo..while型のループとなる．
+
+Wed May 31 18:36:30 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* version 0.77
+
+Mon May 29 18:39:37 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (install): 拡張モジュールもインストールできるよ
+	  うに．
+
+Fri May 26 14:43:01 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* process.c (Fsystem): 戻り値をサブプロセスの失敗/成功を表す真偽値
+	  にした．終了ステータスは`$?'で得る．
+
+Tue May 23 10:58:11 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* string.c (Fstr_upto): 無限ループに陥らないように．
+
+	* parse.y (cond): `||'などの右辺に制御式が書けるように，条件式がか
+	  ならずしも値を持たなくても良いようにした．
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c: オブジェクトの読み書きをメソッドの再定義
+	  でコントロールできるように．インスタンスが`_dump_to'というメソッ
+	  ドを定義している時はそちらを使うように．
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in: static linkも設定できるような仕様にした．
+	  ext/Setupというファイルにディレクトリ名を記述するとそのディレク
+	  トリに存在するモジュールはstatic linkされる(はず)．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): `..'を文法に組み込み，`..'と`...'の動作をperl
+	  に合わせた．
+
+Sat May 20 01:22:48 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* io.c (select): timeout時と割込み時の動作の明確化．
+
+Fri May 19 15:33:23 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* version 0.76
+
+Fri May 19 00:48:08 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* string.c (Fstr_each): イテレータブロック中で文字列の変更が行われ
+	  たかどうかをチェック．ポインタの値が変わっていれば例外を発生する．
+
+	* ruby-mode.el: ruby-electric-braceの新設．
+
+Thu May 18 12:27:23 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* string.c (Fstr_tr): trの置換対象に`\0'を含む時に正しく置換を行わ
+	  ないバグがあった．更に置換文字列をASCII順に指定しないと動作しな
+	  い問題もあった．結果としてtrを書き換えたので，copyrightの問題は
+	  無くなった(と思う)．
+
+	* gc.c (gc): the_scopeをマークしていなかったので，ローカル変数の指
+	  しているオブジェクトが間違って解放される場合があった．
+
+	* gc.c (mark_locations_array): 若干の高速化．
+
+Mon May 15 11:43:49 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in: Dynamic Loadモジュールのコンパイル用チェックを
+	  行うruby script．autoconfに近い感覚で使える．新しいモジュールを
+	  提供したい人はextの下にディレクトリを作るだけで良い．必須のファ
+	  イルはファイル名の一覧を記録した`MANIFEST'というファイルのみ．必
+	  要に応じて`depend'(ファイルの依存関係を記述するファイル gcc -MM
+	  の出力)，`extconf.rb'(コンパイル用にライブラリと関数の存在チェッ
+	  クするファイル)を用意できる．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): rubyメソッドの引数チェック時に未初期化の
+	  jmp_bufを使用していた．
+
+	* parse.y: `or'と`and'の優先順位を同じにした．
+
+Wed May  3 18:21:36 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* dln.c: Linuxでは`__.SYMDEF/'であった．
+
+	* dln.c: system callのエラーチェックを忘れていた．
+
+Wed Apr 26 09:50:56 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: イテレータブロックの変数宣言を`|'で括るようにした．これ
+	  でイテレータ変数がない時は宣言そのものを省略できる．文法の変更は
+	  久しぶりだ．
+
+Tue Apr 25 12:04:17 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(require): loadからダイナミックロードの機能を移してきた．
+	  さらに拡張子の補完機能を追加してユーザがdln/dlopenの差を意識する
+	  必要のないようにした．
+
+	* string.c(sub,sub): イテレータとしても動作するように．
+
+	* object.c: init_object -> initialize.
+
+Mon Apr 24 14:22:39 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* NEWS-OS 3.4対応
+
+	* io.c: Solarisのstdioの動作が違うようだ．signalでEOFを返してしま
+	  う…．perlでも同様の問題がある．
+
+Fri Apr 21 20:04:39 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.75
+
+	* signal.c: trapがなくなっていた．うーむ．
+
+	* configure: Solaris 2.3対応．
+
+	* io.c: #elifのないcppもある．
+
+	* dir.c: autoconf 2.xへの対応が不十分
+
+Thu Apr 20 12:31:24 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.74
+
+	* env.h, gc.c, regex.c: IRIXへの移植対応
+
+	* configure: dlopen用にpicを生成するoptionの検出のため，システムタ
+	  イプをチェックするように．
+
+Tue Apr 18 19:08:17 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* gc.c(xrealloc): ptr=nilの時，malloc()と同じ働きを
+
+	* array.c(astore): 空の配列の0番目の要素に代入するとsize=0で
+	  realloc()を呼んでいた．
+
+	* configure, glob.c: Solaris 2.xでコンパイルできるように
+
+Mon Apr 10 18:36:06 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.73
+
+Fri Apr  7 13:51:08 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* cons.c->assoc.c: consの余計な機能は外してpairとしての機能だけを
+	  残した．Enumerableをincludeするのもやめた．
+
+	* string.c(esub): 文字列置換イテレータ．perlのs///eの相当する．
+
+Wed Apr  5 11:35:21 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.72
+
+	* EWS4800対応
+
+	* file.c: utimesがない時はutimeを使うように．
+
+Mon Apr  3 15:19:41 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.71
+
+	* regexp.c(re_match): バグがあった．match_2を削除した時にenbugして
+	  いたのだった．
+
+Mon Mar 27 15:41:43 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* dict.c: Dict->Hashに全面的に移行．
+
+Thu Mar 23 20:30:00 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* dbm.c,socket.c: extディレクトリに分離．
+
+	* configure: dln周りのチェックの強化
+
+	* dln.c: initの呼び出しをdlopen()版に合わせた．
+
+Mon Mar 20 17:45:08 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* configure: autoconf 2.2に対応(一部)．
+
+Fri Mar 17 15:56:44 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* dln.c: dlopenのあるマシンではそちらを使うように．ただし，ちゃん
+	  と動いているかどうかは自信がない．
+
+	* regex.c: virtual concatinationをやめた．
+
+Thu Mar 16 11:32:57 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.70
+
+	* eval.c,regex.c: gccでのコンパイルエラー．
+
+	* io.c: inplace-editで拡張子が指定されない場合，もとのファイルを削
+	  除する．
+
+Wed Mar 15 14:59:18 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.69
+
+	* eval.c(method_missing): unknownから名称変更．
+
+	* eval.c(single_method_added): 特異メソッドが定義された時に呼ばれ
+	  るメソッド．hookとして使える．実際に定義される直前に呼ばれる．
+
+Tue Mar 14 14:46:44 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* ruby.c(proc_options): 引数の解析を自分でやることにより引数指定の
+	  方法がperlに近付いた．getopt_longはもう使わない．
+
+	* dir.c(glob): `{}'のネストを許すようにした．
+
+Mon Mar 13 17:56:25 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* glob.c: Glob(ワイルドカードオブジェクト)はなくなった．ワイルドカー
+	  ドの展開はDir.glob(文字列)を使う．ワイルドカードのマッチは正規表
+	  現で代用．
+
+Fri Mar 10 18:35:46 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: Mathのようなモジュールは自分自身でextendする．
+
+	* eval.c: クラスやモジュールを定義する時，既に同名のものがあれば追
+	  加定義となるように．ただし．superクラスの違いなどはチェックする．
+
+	* regex.c: debug.
+
+	* math.c: 定数PIとEを定義．
+
+Thu Mar  9 21:35:12 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* regex.c: EUC,SJISモードでは0x80以上の8進，16進リテラルを禁止．
+
+	* regex.c: クラス内でも数値リテラル・文字クラスが使えるようした．
+
+Wed Mar  8 17:39:05 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* regex.c: \200など括弧の数以上の表現は8進リテラルと解釈する．ただ
+	  し，\1から\9までは例外．
+
+	* regex.c: \9以上のリファレンスも有効にした．
+
+Tue Mar  7 14:26:01 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(public/private): スコープ制御メソッドの名称変更．静的なア
+	  クセスも出来るようにしてみたが，不採用．
+
+Mon Mar  6 19:34:32 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(inlcude): メソッド化．動的にモジュールをインクルードでき
+	  るように．さらに任意のオブジェクトにもモジュールをインクルードで
+	  きるメソッド `extend'も用意した．
+
+	* parse.y: 文法からincludeを削除．メソッド化．
+
+Tue Feb 28 15:35:10 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: 配列，連想配列の最後に`,'をおけるように．
+
+Fri Feb 24 13:15:43 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.68
+
+Thu Feb 23 11:19:19 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: resque節のselfの値が間違っていた．
+
+	* eval.c(rb_clear_cache): キャッシュのクリアし忘れがあった．
+
+	* eval.c: 定数のスコープをクラス内の静的スコープに変更した．これに
+	  よって，特異メソッドから参照される定数は，レシーバのクラスではな
+	  く，定義されたスコープのクラスの定数となる．
+
+Wed Feb 22 00:51:38 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* regex.c: ignorecaseを正規表現のコンパイル前に指定しないと正しく
+	  動作しない．修正．
+
+	* string.c(toupper,tolower): bug fix.
+
+	* ENV,VERSION: readonly変数から定数へ．
+
+Tue Feb 21 18:56:56 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* io.c(STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR): 定数として定義．
+
+	* io.c(select): bug fix.
+
+	* version 0.67
+
+Mon Feb 20 16:10:14 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(yylex): 定数を`%識別子'から，第1文字が大文字の識別子に変
+	  更．それにともないクラスは定数となった．
+
+	* eval.c: クラス定義内のselfがクラス定義外部のthe_classだった．
+
+	* variable.c(rb_name_class): クラス名をインスタンス変数に格納する．
+
+Thu Feb 16 15:36:17 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: BLOCKをbraceで表現する文法に変更したものを作ってみる．
+	  MLに提示してみるが反応がない．
+
+	* object.c(do,forever): なくした．
+
+Wed Feb 15 13:20:49 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* re.c(new): 第2引数が与えられて，かつnilでないときだけ設定するよ
+	  うに(以前はnilの時にも設定を行なっていた)．
+
+	* parse.y(parse_regexp): 正規表現リテラルで大文字小文字を無視する
+	  かどうか指定できるように．
+
+Tue Feb 14 00:55:33 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* parse.y: (compexpr) -> (expr).
+
+Fri Feb 10 16:30:00 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* ruby.c(load_file): scriptを読み込む時だけ"#!"の解析を行うように．
+
+	* ruby.c(readin): ファイル読み込み時に先頭に"#!"があり，その行が
+	  "ruby"という文字列を含む時，rubyに引数が与えられていれば，その引
+	  数も有効になる．
+
+	* parse.y(yylex): コメント行の終りが`\'であった時，次の行に継続し
+	  ているとみなすようにした．
+
+Thu Feb  9 16:18:37 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.66
+
+	* parse.y: protectをbeginに変更．begin..endは例外処理だけでなく，
+	  文括弧としても働くことになった．
+
+Wed Feb  1 19:48:24 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.65
+
+	* string.c(str_replace): 置き換える文字列の長さが等しい時メモリコ
+	  ピーをしない．
+
+	* string.c(rindex): バグ修正．
+
+Mon Jan 30 11:23:05 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(value_expr): ifのチェックを追加．
+
+	* gc.c(gc_mark): free cellの扱いにバグ．
+
+	* parse.y: 文法の変更(よりシンプルに)．例外を減らした．
+
+Thu Jan 26 00:52:55 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* parse.y: 引数として連想配列を置くことができるように．この場合，
+	  連想配列リテラルが最終引数となる．
+
+	* parse.y: 配列参照の`[]'内が空でもよいことにした．
+
+Tue Jan 24 14:45:15 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* class.c(rb_include_module): `-v'を指定した時にはincludeしたモジュー
+	  ルとクラス定数が衝突していないかチェックする．
+
+Mon Jan 23 10:42:09 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(rb_class2name): メタクラスに関するbug fix.
+
+	* dict.c: Dict[..]で辞書の生成が出来るように．
+
+	* array.c: Array[..]で配列の生成が出来るように．
+
+	* parse.y: 辞書の表現として{a,b,..}という形式も許すように．
+
+Fri Jan 20 10:28:38 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* re.c(Regexp.quote): 正規表現をエスケープするメソッド．
+
+	* 無駄なrb_intern()を減らした．
+
+	* parse.y: `!', `!=', `!~'を特殊演算子にする．よってこれらは再定義
+	  できなくなった．
+
+Wed Jan 18 13:20:41 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: 文法の整理(unless,untilをなくした)．
+
+Tue Jan 17 11:11:27 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: defでメソッド再定義時にはスーパークラスのメソッドの可視
+	  性を継承する．最初の定義の時は今までと同じデフォルト(トップレベ
+	  ルで関数的，クラス定義内で通常メソッド)．
+
+	* object.c(Class#new): オブジェクトの生成時に関数的メソッド
+	  init_objectが必ず呼ばれるように変更．
+
+	* eval.c: 未定義のメソッドに対してunknownメソッドが呼ばれるように
+	  なった．エラー表示が今までと同じになるようにenvを調節している．
+
+Fri Jan 13 14:40:30 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* gc.c: gcを若干書き換えて整理した．が，あまり変化はなかったようだ．
+
+	* parse.y(yylex): symbolを\symから:symに変更した．
+
+Thu Jan 12 01:39:28 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c: 新規関数 rb_eval_string()．
+
+	* gc.c: gc_mark()を一部非再帰化．
+
+	* variable.c(rb_ivar_{get,set}): インスタンス変数のアクセス周りで
+	  チェックが足りなかった．
+
+	* variable.c: クラス定数とインスタンス変数でハッシュテーブルを共有
+	  するようにした．
+
+	* ruby.h: iv_tblをRBasicからRObjectとRClassへ移動した．これにより，
+	  ObjectとClass,Moduleしかインスタンス変数を持てなくなる．が，メモ
+	  リ効率は若干向上する．
+
+Tue Jan 10 00:58:20 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* 0.64 released
+
+	* eval.c: レシーバと引数は常にiterではない．
+
+	* cons.c(aref,aset): negative offset対応．
+
+Mon Jan  9 14:40:39 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: foo{..}の形式において，fooをローカル変数やクラス名では
+	  なく，引数なしの関数型メソッド呼び出しとみなすようにした．
+
+	* list.c -> cons.c: 名称変更(クラス名も)．
+
+	* list.c: a::b::c::nilをリスト(a b c)とみなすlisp形式から，a::b::c
+	  をリスト(a b c)とみなすruby形式に変更．[], []=, eachもそれに会わ
+	  せた仕様とする．
+
+	* list.c: consペアとしての機能を強調．仕様変更．
+
+Sat Jan  7 01:26:26 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c: 自己代入の不具合修正．
+
+	* eval.c(masign): 多重代入が配列もリストもとれるようにした．
+
+	* list.c: assocを2要素の配列からList(CONSペア)に変更した．
+
+Fri Jan  6 13:42:12 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: a[b]+=cやa.b+=cなどの自己代入形式で，aやbを2度評価しな
+	  くなった．
+
+	* eval.c: iterator設定のバグフィックス．
+
+	* list.c: Listクラスを新設．
+
+Thu Jan  5 13:55:00 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: SCOPEのメモリリークをなくした．
+
+	* eval.c: built-inメソッドへの引数の引き渡し方を変更して，配列の生
+	  成数を減らした．
+
+	* re.c: match-dataを毎回生成することをやめた．`$~'をアクセスした時
+	  にon-demandで生成する．
+
+	* string.c etc: 不必要なmemmoveをmemcpyに置換．
+
+	* parse.y: =~, !~は副作用があるのでコンパイル時に展開できない．
+
+Tue Jan  3 02:04:36 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c: rest引数のbug fix.
+
+	* eval.c,gc.c: scopeをオブジェクトにした．
+
+	* eval.c: envとscopeの扱いを変更した．
+
+Wed Dec 28 09:46:57 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: evalでローカル変数が追加された場合に対応した．
+
+	* parse.y: 演算子を含むaliasのbug fix.
+
+Tue Dec 27 16:45:20 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: def A Bをalias A Bに変更．
+
+	* eval.c: alias関係のbug修正．nodeをオブジェクト化した時にenbugし
+	  たようだ．
+
+	* signal.c: システムコールの再定義を止めた．
+
+	* io.c(select): write/exceptのフラグ設定にバグ．
+
+	* Makefile.in: static link用オプションをMake変数として独立させた．
+
+Tue Dec 20 00:46:19 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* 0.63 released
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): superの呼び出しで落ちる．argc, argvの設定を忘れ
+	  ていた．
+
+	* parse.y(read_escape): 展開エラー．
+
+	* variable.c: 定義済みの変数のhookを変更しないように．
+
+Mon Dec 19 12:01:10 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(cond): 条件式に代入式が置かれた場合，`-v'オプションで警
+	  告が出るように．
+
+	* parse.y(**): 冪乗演算子`**'の優先順位を単項演算子より高くした．
+
+	* parse.y(and,or): 優先順位の低い演算子`and', `or'.
+
+	* 0.62 released.
+
+	* eval.c: 不必要になったPUSH_ENV, POP_ENVを減らした．
+
+	* env.h: ENVIONからselfをはずした．PUSH_ENVはsuperの準備のためだけ
+	  に用いることにした．
+
+	* eval.c: 下記のオブジェクト化で遅くなった実行速度をもとに戻した．
+
+Mon Dec 17 23:01:10 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: env.{argv,argc}とscope.local_varsのオブジェクト化．
+
+	* eval.c: 1スコープ内で複数Blockを生成したときのバグを修正．
+
+Fri Dec 16 15:52:06 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: `&&'と`||'の両辺はいつでも条件式とした．
+
+Thu Dec 15 00:16:04 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c(Block): Blockオブジェクトを実現．
+
+	* node.h: NODE_QLISTはなくなった．
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): 引数への代入を名前で一つずつ代入するのをやめて，
+	  一度にコピーするようにした．
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): rubyで記述されたメソッドへの引数渡しをinline化．
+
+	* eval.c: イテレータ判定処理の全面書き換え．不適切なイテレータ呼び
+	  出しをなくした．例えば「[foo(),bar()]{i|baz(i)}」でfooもbarもイ
+	  テレータとして呼び出され*ない*．
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): SCOPE処理をinline化．メソッド呼び出しの若干の高
+	  速化．
+
+Wed Dec 14 18:09:33 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* node.h: nodeもオブジェクトにする．よってGCで回収される．
+
+Thu Dec  8 14:17:29 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* 0.60 released - alpha test baseline.
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog-1.8.0 b/doc/ChangeLog-1.8.0
index 0d00266735..6d9453d011 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog-1.8.0
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog-1.8.0
@@ -13020,7 +13020,7 @@ Tue Jun 12 00:41:18 2001  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Mon Jun 11 14:29:41 2001  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* confgure.in: add RUBY_CANONICAL_BUILD.
+	* configure.in: add RUBY_CANONICAL_BUILD.
 
 Sun Jun 10 17:31:47 2001  Guy Decoux  <decoux@moulon.inra.fr>
 
@@ -21236,7 +21236,7 @@ Sun Jan  3 01:37:58 1999  Takao KAWAMURA  <kawamura@ike.tottori-u.ac.jp>
 Sat Jan  2 17:09:06 1999  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
 
 	* eval.c (rb_jump_tag): new api to invoke JUMP_TAG.  tag values
-	  can obtained from rb_eval_string_protect()/rb_load_protect().
+	  can be obtained from rb_eval_string_protect()/rb_load_protect().
 
 	* eval.c (rb_rescue): now catches all exceptions but SystemExit.
 
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog-1.9.3 b/doc/ChangeLog-1.9.3
index b3deb551b0..d6aaea7f19 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog-1.9.3
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog-1.9.3
@@ -3325,7 +3325,7 @@ Thu May 19 06:30:38 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
 Thu May 19 06:16:41 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
 
 	* lib:  Convert tabs to spaces for ruby files per
-	  http://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby/wiki/DeveloperHowto#coding-style
+	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby/wiki/DeveloperHowto#coding-style
 	  Patch by Steve Klabnik [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4730]
 	  Patch by Jason Dew [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4718]
 
@@ -12814,7 +12814,7 @@ Thu Aug  5 22:09:30 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 Thu Aug  5 21:20:31 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
 
 	* compile.c (NODE_ARGSCAT, NODE_ARGSPUSH): drop unused ARGSCAT
-	  results when poped is true.  [ruby-dev:41933], [Bug #3658]
+	  results when popped is true.  [ruby-dev:41933], [Bug #3658]
 	  This is retry of r28870 and r28873 which were reverted.
 
 Thu Aug  5 20:13:49 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
@@ -77162,7 +77162,7 @@ Sun May 22 21:54:06 2005  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Sun May 22 19:11:35 2005  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
 
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (OpenSSL::SSL::SSLServer#intialize):
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (OpenSSL::SSL::SSLServer#initialize):
 	  should initialize session id context. [ruby-core:4663]
 
 	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_sslctx_setup): add session id support.
@@ -82601,7 +82601,7 @@ Sat Sep 18 14:10:23 2004  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* dir.c (dir_s_chdir): avoid memory leak and unnecessary chdir to
 	  the original directory when exception has caused in changing
-	  direcotry or within block.  thanks to Johan Holmberg
+	  directory or within block.  thanks to Johan Holmberg
 	  <holmberg@iar.se> [ruby-core:03446]
 
 Fri Sep 17 20:29:33 2004  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
@@ -92076,7 +92076,7 @@ Mon Sep  1 16:59:10 2003  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (rb_thread_start_0): should not error_print() within
 	  terminated thread, because $stderr used by it might be
-	  overriden now.  [ruby-dev:21280]
+	  overridden now.  [ruby-dev:21280]
 
 Sun Aug 31 22:46:55 2003  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
 
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog-2.0.0 b/doc/ChangeLog-2.0.0
index a1a79b8dca..b51d742203 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog-2.0.0
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog-2.0.0
@@ -9758,7 +9758,7 @@ Thu Aug 23 16:20:04 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
 	  are b10.
 	  If flonum is activated, then USE_FLONUM macro is 1.
 	  I'll write detailed in this technique on
-	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-trunk/wiki/Flonum_tech
+	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-master/wiki/Flonum_tech
 
 	* benchmark/bmx_temp.rb: add an benchmark for simple
 	  Float calculation.
@@ -13008,7 +13008,7 @@ Thu Jun  7 15:53:03 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
 
 	* .gdbinit: add function `trace_machine_instructions' to trace
 	  in native machine assemble.
-	  See https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-trunk/wiki/MachineInstructionsTraceWithGDB
+	  See https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-master/wiki/MachineInstructionsTraceWithGDB
 	  for more details.
 
 Wed Jun  6 21:31:21 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
@@ -14711,7 +14711,7 @@ Fri Apr 27 01:45:05 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
 	  (22) main thread waits at gvl_yield:112 (native_cond_wait)
 	  As described above, the main thread can't escape from
 	  rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts_common.
-	  See extended memo: http://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-trunk/wiki/R35480_ExtendedMemo
+	  See extended memo: http://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-master/wiki/R35480_ExtendedMemo
 
 Fri Apr 27 07:15:07 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog-2.1.0 b/doc/ChangeLog-2.1.0
index f80b2d6bd1..5b670b31c9 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog-2.1.0
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog-2.1.0
@@ -2948,7 +2948,7 @@ Tue Nov  5 03:31:23 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
 	  Young objects will be promoted to old objects after one GC.
 	  Old objects are not collect until major (full) GC.
 
-	  The issue of this approach is some objects can promoted as old
+	  The issue of this approach is some objects can promote as old
 	  objects accidentally and not freed until major GC.
 	  Major GC is not frequently so short-lived but accidentally becoming
 	  old objects are not freed.
@@ -3596,7 +3596,7 @@ Tue Oct 22 19:19:05 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
 	    maintains all pages.
 	    For example, pages are allocated from the heap_pages.
 
-	  See https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-trunk/wiki/GC_design
+	  See https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-master/wiki/GC_design
 	  and https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/attachments/4015/data-heap_structure_with_multiple_heaps.png
 	  for more details.
 
@@ -8612,7 +8612,7 @@ Wed Jul 17 14:31:13 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
 	  (4) heap::sorted is an array of "slots", sorted by an address of
 	      slot::body.
 
-	  See https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-trunk/wiki/GC_design
+	  See https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-master/wiki/GC_design
 	  for more details (figure).
 
 	* gc.c: Avoid "heaps" terminology. It is ambiguous.
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog-2.2.0 b/doc/ChangeLog-2.2.0
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a7dbf826d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog-2.2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12157 @@
+Thu Dec 25 16:01:19 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_expand_path_internal): drop characters ignored
+	  by filesystem on Mac OS X.
+
+Thu Dec 25 15:36:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (replace_real_basename): get the real name and replace the
+	  base name with it by getattrlist(2) if available.
+	  suggested by Matthew Draper at [ruby-core:67116].  [Bug #10015]
+
+	* dir.c (glob_helper): get the real name of the whole path, not
+	  only the last name.
+
+Thu Dec 25 13:59:17 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (NET_LUID): include also ifdef.h as a workaround of
+	  a bug in mingw-w64 header.  [ruby-core:67103] [Bug #10640]
+
+Thu Dec 25 12:47:44 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (gettable_gen): warn possible reference to a local
+	  variable defined in a past scope.
+
+Thu Dec 25 10:09:14 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_dev): id_console is not a
+	  constant name, use rb_const_remove() to get rid of NameError.
+
+Thu Dec 25 09:18:55 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/resolv/test_dns.rb (TestResolvDNS#test_query_ipv4_address):
+	  set timeout for recvfrom because if client thread is crashed, it
+	  waits infinity.
+
+Thu Dec 25 08:42:11 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (split_userinfo): fstring for 1-byte split
+	  (set_port): reduce bytecode size
+	  (check_path): reduce garbage via opt_str_freeze
+	  (query=): ditto
+	  (fragment=): ditto
+	  [misc #10628]
+	* lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb (regexp): cache as attr
+	  (initialize): setup and freeze regexp attr once
+	  (split): reduce bytecode size, use opt_str_freeze
+	  (parse): minor bytecode and garbage reduction
+	  (default_regexp): rename for initialize
+
+Wed Dec 24 20:38:16 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (glob_make_pattern): restrict searching case-insensitive
+	  name from the filesystem to only last part, for the performance.
+	  [ruby-core:63591] [Bug #10015]
+
+Wed Dec 24 18:21:27 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: remove unused rb_objspace_t::rgengc::old_objects_at_gc_start.
+
+Wed Dec 24 13:25:22 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: require view_changesets permission.
+
+Wed Dec 24 13:00:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb (Downloader.download): fix the exception to
+	  re-raise.  initialize methods of subclasses of Exception may
+	  have different parameters.  [ruby-core:67086] [Bug #10639]
+
+Wed Dec 24 12:16:19 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.h (rb_data_type_t): revert r48647 and revise parent member.
+	  [ruby-core:66969] [Bug #10621]
+
+Wed Dec 24 05:40:52 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb: use config.guess in gcc repo.
+
+Wed Dec 24 11:50:19 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_delete): return Qnil if there are no corresponding
+	  entry. [Bug #10623]
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_delete_entry): try delete and return Qundef if there
+	  are no corresponding entry.
+
+	* internal.h: add rb_hash_delete_entry()'s declaration.
+
+	* symbol.c: use rb_hash_delete_entry().
+
+	* thread.c: use rb_hash_delete_entry().
+
+	* ext/-test-/hash/delete.c: use rb_hash_delete_entry().
+
+Wed Dec 24 09:35:11 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/extconf.rb: remove ffitarget.h generated by configure on
+	  mswin, because it's not normal file (cygwin's symlink) and have
+	  system attribute.
+
+Wed Dec 24 05:40:52 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb: support ruby 1.8.
+
+Wed Dec 24 02:44:06 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http/response.rb (Net::HTTPResponse): require one or more
+	  spaces [Bug #10591].
+	  by leriksen <leif.eriksen.au@gmail.com>
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/782 fix GH-782
+	  NOTE: graph.facebook.com returns without SP Reason-Phrase.
+
+Wed Dec 24 02:12:22 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/make-snapshot (package): VCS#branch_list expects glob a
+	  pattern string but not a regexp.  based on the patch by Vit
+	  Ondruch.  in [ruby-core:67064].  [Bug #10636]
+
+	* tool/vcs.rb (VCS::SVN#branch_list): strip newlines.
+
+	* tool/vcs.rb (VCS::GIT.get_revisions): retrieve modified time
+	  from toplevel log too.
+
+	* tool/vcs.rb (VCS::GIT#branch_list): yield for each lines.
+
+Wed Dec 24 00:23:13 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/extlibs.rb (do_extract): the pipe should be binmode.
+
+Wed Dec 24 00:21:44 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in, common.mk: move common-srcs to Makefile.in because
+	  it breaks build on mswin.
+
+Wed Dec 24 00:04:45 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/open-uri.rb (OpenURI.open_http): accept multiple certs path in
+	  ssl_ca_certs.
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb: use certs of rubygems for downloading gems.
+
+Tue Dec 23 22:39:11 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/extlibs: libffi-3.2.1 and patch for mswin.
+
+Tue Dec 23 22:04:38 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#query=): don't escape [\]^
+	  on both rfc2396 and rfc3986. [Bug #10619]
+
+Tue Dec 23 16:03:35 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/win32/lib/win32/registry.rb (Win32::Registry::Error#initialize):
+	  try en_US message if the default message cannot be encoded to
+	  locale.  [ruby-core:65295] [Bug #10300]
+
+Tue Dec 23 11:42:14 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c (ossl_cipher_update_long): update huge
+	  data gradually not to exceed INT_MAX.  workaround of OpenSSL API
+	  limitation.  [ruby-core:67043] [Bug #10633]
+
+Mon Dec 22 21:30:16 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_event.rb: some tests are
+	  executed on standard Windows OS without ADO.
+
+Mon Dec 22 14:08:31 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* signal.c (received_signal): fix condition to define.
+	  [ruby-core:67032] [Bug #10629]
+
+Sun Dec 21 10:51:51 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_event.rb: test_s_new_exception is
+	  executed on standard Windows OS without ADO.
+
+Sun Dec 21 08:35:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (jemalloc): fix option argument, should use
+	  `$withval` but not `yes` always.  [ruby-core:66994] [Bug #10625]
+
+	* configure.in (jemalloc): defer adding the liner option to get
+	  rid of linking contest against jemalloc, so that it works
+	  without runtime dynamic load path.
+
+Sat Dec 20 17:49:03 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/tmpdir.rb (Dir.mktmpdir): Accept nil again, as Ruby 2.1.
+	  [ruby-core:66943] [Bug #10616] Fixed by Alex Slynko.
+
+Sat Dec 20 11:22:58 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/depend, ext/fiddle/extconf.rb: try to build bundled
+	  libffi if existing.
+
+Sat Dec 20 05:21:00 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/test_weakref.rb (test_repeated_object_leak): increase timeout
+	  [Bug #10618]
+
+Fri Dec 19 22:33:13 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* tool/update-deps: Use $(hdrdir) if possible.
+
+Fri Dec 19 22:10:00 2014  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@cookpad.com>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/depend: Fix dependencies to make bigdecimal
+	  installable by rubygems.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.gemspec: version 1.2.6.
+
+Fri Dec 19 20:00:19 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (PRIsVALUE): put a space after string
+	  literals not to be confused with C++11 string literal suffix.
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/a9f3eb7#commitcomment-9040169
+
+Fri Dec 19 15:36:02 2014  Simon Genier  <simon.genier@shopify.com>
+
+	* hash.c (hash_equal): prefer true than the result of implicit
+	  conversion from int returned by rb_eql() to VALUE.  [Fix GH-789]
+
+Thu Dec 18 17:45:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (rb_cv_binary_elf): get rid of -e option of cat
+	  which is not available on BusyBox, use tr instead.
+	  [ruby-core:64824] [Bug #10210]
+
+Thu Dec 18 14:25:17 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* signal.c (ruby_signal): since SIGKILL is not supported by MSVCRT,
+	  should be treated before calling signal(3).
+	  [Bug #10615]
+
+Wed Dec 17 12:20:56 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (rb_method_for_self_aref, rb_method_for_self_aset):
+	  move from iseq.c to build from node instead of arrays.
+
+Wed Dec 17 10:50:09 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/gdbm/test_gdbm.rb: Added test for each_key called without a block.
+	  Patch by @joeyates [fix GH-783]
+
+Wed Dec 17 10:18:42 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): check
+	  iseq->compile_data->option->specialized_instruction for opt_* insn.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_iseq.rb: check no specialized_instructions option.
+
+Wed Dec 17 09:48:57 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): only emit opt_str_freeze,
+	  opt_aref_with, and opt_aset_with insn when no block is given
+	  [Bug #10557] [ruby-core:66595]
+	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb (test_block_given_aset_aref):
+	  new test for bug thanks to Bartosz Kopinski.
+	  (test_string_freeze): additional assertion for object_id
+
+Wed Dec 17 01:06:47 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/win32/lib/Win32API.rb (Win32API#call): need to splat.  hmm, when
+	  was this broken?
+
+Tue Dec 16 15:18:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_method_for_self_aref, rb_method_for_self_aset): call
+	  accessor functions directly, not to be affected by [] and []=
+	  methods.  [ruby-core:66846] [Bug #10601]
+
+	* struct.c (define_aref_method, define_aset_method): ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (rb_vm_opt_struct_aref, rb_vm_opt_struct_aset):
+	  direct accessors of Struct.
+
+Tue Dec 16 12:01:29 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_deadlock_by_signal_at_forking):
+	  extend timeout seconds to 60 for RGENGC_CHECK_MODE > 0 environment.
+
+Tue Dec 16 08:53:12 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* tool/vcs.rb: fix Ruby 1.8 compatibility harder
+
+Tue Dec 16 07:37:18 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* gc.c (GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS): move definition to match use order
+	  (RUBY_GC_HEAP_GROWTH_SLOTS): s/factor/number of slots/
+
+	* man/ruby.1: add section for GC environment variables
+	  [Feature #10197]
+
+Tue Dec 16 05:41:46 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* tool/vcs.rb: fix Ruby 1.8 compatibility
+
+Mon Dec 15 17:51:28 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c: ObjectSpace.memsize_of(obj) returns
+	  with sizeof(RVALUE). [Bug #8984]
+
+	* gc.c (obj_memsize_of): ditto.
+
+	* NEWS: add a NEWS entry.
+
+	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb: catch up this fix.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: ditto.
+
+Mon Dec 15 16:19:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_enc_str_coderange): dummy wchar, non-endianness
+	  encoding string cannot be ascii only.
+	  [ruby-core:66835] [Bug #10598]
+
+Sun Dec 14 20:11:42 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (primary): restore current_arg so that circular
+	  reference after a method definition is also warned.
+	  [ruby-core:61299] [Bug #9593]
+
+Sat Dec 13 20:41:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_postponed_job_flush): mask signal trap interrupt
+	  too to defer handling after finalizers finished.
+	  [ruby-core:66825] [Bug #10595]
+
+Sat Dec 13 18:33:25 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_ec.rb: ignored tests with old OpenSSL.
+
+Sat Dec 13 18:01:57 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* signal.c (check_stack_overflow): check sp also on i386/x86_64
+	  FreeBSD.
+
+Sat Dec 13 09:58:41 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* gc.c (define_final0): avoid duplicate blocks
+	  [Bug #10537]
+	* test/test_weakref.rb (test_repeated_object_leak): new test
+
+Sat Dec 13 04:59:20 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* bin/erb (ERB::Main#run): get rid of shadowing outer local
+	  variables.  [ruby-core:65772] [Feature #10395]
+
+Fri Dec 12 21:56:44 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: Upgrade to test-unit 3.0.8. assert_throw and
+	  assert_nothing_thrown in test-unit 3.0.7 were broken by
+	  UncaughtThrowError change introduced in Ruby 2.2.0
+	  preview2. These assertions in test-unit 3.0.8 work well with
+	  UncaughtThrowError in Ruby 2.2.0 preview2.
+
+Fri Dec 12 19:48:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* bin/erb (ARGV.switch, ERB::Main#run): allow variables to be set
+	  from the command line.  [ruby-core:65772] [Feature #10395]
+
+Fri Dec 12 19:31:44 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/erb.rb (ERB#lineno): accessor for line number to eval.
+
+	* lib/erb.rb (ERB#location=): setter of file name and line number.
+
+Fri Dec 12 13:09:13 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_latest_gc_info): return :state field to show current
+	  GC state (none/marking/sweeping).
+	  [Feature #10590]
+
+Fri Dec 12 10:49:18 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_crypt): check arguments more strictly.
+	  * crypt() is not for wide char strings
+	  * salt bytes should not be NUL
+
+Fri Dec 12 08:16:01 2014  Matt Hoyle  <matt@deployable.co>
+
+	* io.c (io_read) Fix spelling in docco for read.  [Fix GH-781]
+	  try > tries
+
+Thu Dec 11 19:06:01 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* class.c (class_alloc): Start from age == 2.
+	  Class and Module objects can be living long life.
+
+	* iseq.c: Same for ISeq objects.
+
+	* gc.c (RVALUE_AGE_RESET): added.
+
+	* gc.c (newobj_of): allow to generate (age != 0) objects.
+
+	* gc.c (rb_copy_wb_protected_attribute): reset age for wb unprotected
+	  objects.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: add RUBY_TYPED_PROMOTED1 as an unrecommended
+	  flag.
+
+Thu Dec 11 05:37:52 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/prime.rb: Remove useless loop and block capture.
+	  See [#10354]
+
+Thu Dec 11 04:27:24 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: introduce new field
+	  rb_thread_t::local_storage_recursive_hash_for_trace to store
+	  recursive hash to avoid creating new recursive (nested) hashes
+	  for each trace events.
+	  [Bug #10511]
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_threadptr_exec_event_hooks_orig): use it.
+
+	* cont.c: catch up this fix.
+
+	* vm.c (rb_thread_mark): ditto.
+
+Wed Dec 10 13:39:27 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* struct.c (define_aref_method, define_aset_method): use iseq
+	  VALUE instead of rb_iseq_t to prevent from GC, as RB_GC_GUARD
+	  makes sense only for local variables.  [Feature #10575]
+
+Wed Dec 10 09:38:40 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (exec_recursive): use the same last method name as
+	  recursive_push in the error message when recursive_pop failed.
+	  [ruby-core:66742] [Bug #10579]
+
+Wed Dec 10 02:48:46 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/net/http/test_https.rb
+	  (TestNetHTTPS#test_certificate_verify_failure): on Windows,
+	  Errno::ECONNRESET will be raised when the verify is failure at the
+	  client side, and it'll be eaten by WEBrick.
+
+	* test/open-uri/test_ssl.rb (TestOpenURISSL#test_validation_failure):
+	  ditto.
+
+Wed Dec 10 00:42:13 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_method_for_self_aref, rb_method_for_self_aset):
+	  new methods to generate bytecode for struct.c
+	  [Feature #10575]
+	* struct.c (rb_struct_ref, rb_struct_set): remove
+	  (define_aref_method, define_aset_method): new functions
+	  (setup_struct): use new functions
+	* test/ruby/test_struct.rb: add test for struct >10 members
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_big_aref_hi.rb: new benchmark
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_big_aref_lo.rb: ditto
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_big_aset.rb: ditto
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_small_aref.rb: ditto
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_small_aset.rb: ditto
+
+Tue Dec  9 20:24:41 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c: [DOC] Add missing documentation around String#chomp.
+	  Patch by @stderr [ci skip][fix GH-780]
+
+Tue Dec  9 18:20:02 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c: [DOC] Revise documentation by Marcus Stollsteimer at
+	  [ruby-core:66368].  [Bug #10526]
+
+	  * #inspect: be more specific about generated string, remove
+	    obsolete example.
+	  * #nil?: use code examples instead of different call-seq's.
+	  * #tap: clarify what is yielded.
+	  * Integer(): be more specific about to_int and to_i, remove
+	    reference to Ruby 1.8.
+	  * Array(): fix error.
+	  * Class: fix variable name style and indentation in example.
+	  * improve consistency, fix typos and formatting.
+
+Tue Dec  9 12:48:32 2014  Josef Simanek  <josef.simanek@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_eval_string_wrap): [DOC] Fix `rb_eval_string_wrap`
+	  documentation.  It is referencing `require` instead of `load`.
+	  The former does not have the optional argument.  [Fix GH-779]
+
+Tue Dec  9 10:16:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_frame_last_func): return the most recent frame method
+	  name.
+
+	* thread.c (recursive_list_access): use the last method name,
+	  instead of the current method name which can be unset in some
+	  cases, not to use a symbol by the invalid ID.
+	  [ruby-core:66742] [Bug #10579]
+
+Sun Dec  7 19:36:12 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* ext/socket/basicsocket.c, ext/socket/sockssocket.c:
+	  remove code for $SAFE=4.
+
+Sun Dec  7 10:20:55 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc:  Update to RDoc 4.2.0.
+	* test/rdoc:  ditto.
+
+Sun Dec  7 09:52:30 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems 2.4.5.
+	* test/rubygems:  ditto.
+
+Sat Dec  6 10:05:08 2014  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb: Fix undefined variable usage & refactor/DRY
+	  code.  Patch by @aledovsky. [Fixes GH-770]
+
+	* test/net/test_imap.rb: related test.
+
+Sat Dec  6 10:09:44 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* thread.c (do_select): rename parameters to avoid shadowing
+
+Sat Dec  6 09:22:45 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rake:  Update to rake 10.4.2
+	* test/rake: ditto.
+
+Sat Dec  6 06:48:03 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* compile.c (rb_iseq_build_from_ary): remove misc handling
+
+Sat Dec  6 06:14:23 2014  Vit Ondruch  <vondruch@redhat.com>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_LIB_VERSION): Fix --with-ruby-version
+	  configuration option.  get rid of quoting in config.status.
+
+	* template/verconf.h.tmpl: quote RUBY_LIB_VERSION here.
+	  [ruby-core:66724] [Bug #10572]
+
+Sat Dec  6 04:33:52 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/pp.rb (File::Stat#pretty_print): some platforms (such as Windows)
+	  does not have major/minor parts of device.
+
+Fri Dec  5 22:43:04 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: bump version to 2.0.8
+	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: ditto.
+	* ext/psych/psych_emitter.c: ditto.
+	* ext/psych/psych_parser.c: ditto.
+
+Fri Dec  5 17:09:09 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c (inet_ntop): link aliased inet_ntop in
+	  libruby on mswin not rb_w32_inet_ntop which fails to link for
+	  unknown reason.
+
+Fri Dec  5 11:09:54 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (prepare_iseq_build): remove unused block_opt param
+	  (rb_iseq_new_with_bopt_and_opt): remove
+	  (rb_iseq_new_with_opt): inline removed function
+	  (rb_iseq_new_with_bopt): remove
+	  (iseq_load): adjust prepare_iseq_build call
+	  [Feature #10565]
+
+Fri Dec  5 09:46:05 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_yylex): fix lex_state after tLABEL_END, should
+	  be EXPR_LABELARG to be followed by "paren with arg".
+	  [ruby-core:66705] [Feature #4935]
+
+Fri Dec  5 02:27:47 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb: as all extension objects including initializations
+	  of ext and enc should be linked to libruby if enable-shared,
+	  EXTOBJS should not be linked to main programs.
+	  [ruby-core:66675] [Bug #10566]
+
+Thu Dec  4 07:06:02 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* compile.c (rb_iseq_build_from_exception): entry->sp is unsigned
+	  (iseq_build_callinfo_from_hash): account for kw_arg
+	  (iseq_build_from_ary_body): update for r35459
+	  (CHECK_STRING, CHECK_INTEGER): remove unused checks
+	  (int_param): new function for checking new `params' hash
+	  (iseq_build_kw): new function for loading rb_iseq_param_keyword
+	  (rb_iseq_build_from_ary): account for `misc' entry and general
+	   structure changes
+	  [Feature #8543]
+	* iseq.c (CHECK_HASH): new macro (for `misc' and `param' entries)
+	  (iseq_load): account for `misc' and `params' hashes
+	  (iseq_data_to_ary): add final opt to arg_opt_labels,
+	   fix kw support, account for unsigned entry->sp
+	* ext/-test-/iseq_load/iseq_load.c: new ext for test
+	* ext/-test-/iseq_load/extconf.rb: ditto
+	* test/-ext-/iseq_load/test_iseq_load.rb: new test
+
+Thu Dec  4 06:56:57 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_free): avoid segfault on incomplete iseq
+	* test/ruby/test_syntax.rb (test_invalid_next): new test
+	  for syntax error, not segfault
+
+Thu Dec  4 04:20:34 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* load.c (ruby_require_internal): ignore error detail, just return
+	  an error.
+
+Wed Dec  3 17:13:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* encoding.c (load_encoding): use rb_require_internal instead of
+	  calling rb_require_safe with protection.
+
+Wed Dec  3 16:47:35 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* load.c (register_init_ext, ruby_init_ext): defer running the
+	  registered initialization function until required, not to enable
+	  extensions which have global effects just by loading, e.g.,
+	  mathn/complex and mathn/rational.  fix `make test` with
+	  --with-static-linked-ext.
+
+	* enc/encinit.c.erb (Init_enc): initialize encdb and transdb
+	  directly.
+
+Wed Dec  3 14:51:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* load.c (ruby_require_internal): separate from rb_require_safe,
+	  not to raise exceptions.
+
+	* ruby.c (process_options): remove unnatural encoding search.
+
+Wed Dec  3 14:34:07 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (setup_fake_str): fake string does not share another
+	  string, but just should not free.
+
+Wed Dec  3 11:14:14 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (w32_spawn): `v2` is used not only for `shell` but also
+	  `cmd`, so must not free before using `cmd`.
+	  [ruby-core:66648] [Bug #10563]
+
+Wed Dec  3 09:48:57 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/racc/cparse/cparse.c (cparse_params_type): use typed data.
+
+Tue Dec  2 21:33:56 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: use typed data for com_hash.
+
+Tue Dec  2 15:30:30 2014  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_plus): in documentation, added note about
+	  inefficiency of repeated += operations.
+
+Tue Dec  2 07:20:21 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_data_to_ary): keep hidden variables
+	  Thanks to wanabe [ruby-core:66566]
+
+Tue Dec  2 06:46:57 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: bumping version
+
+	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: ditto
+
+Tue Dec  2 06:34:08 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: support objects that are
+	  marshalable, but inherit from basic object.
+	  Thanks Sean Griffin <sean@thoughtbot.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: ditto
+
+	* test/psych/test_marshalable.rb: test for fix
+
+Tue Dec  2 06:32:02 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (ripper_flush_string_content): preserve the dispatched
+	  results at tSTRING_CONTENT.  [ruby-dev:48714] [Bug #10437]
+
+	* parse.y (regexp_contents): check in ripper only if the whole
+	  content is a single regexp without interpolation.
+	  [ruby-dev:48714] [Bug #10437]
+
+Tue Dec  2 06:30:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_region_copy): new function to try with GC if copy
+	  failed and return the error.
+
+Tue Dec  2 04:43:08 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (CHECK_REGION_COPIED): onig_region_copy() can fail when
+	  memory exhausted but returns nothing, so check by if allocated.
+
+Tue Dec  2 02:53:00 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (magic_comment_encoding): enable in ripper, since the
+	  encoding is necessary to parse non-default encoding scripts.
+
+Tue Dec  2 02:30:25 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic.build):
+	  use hostname= to detect and wrap IPv6 hosts.
+	  Build is accepting URI components and users may not expect
+	  that a host component needs to be wrapped with square brackets
+	  since it's not providing a URI.
+	  Note: initialize with arg_check => true does not wrap IPv6 hosts.
+	  by Joe Rafaniello <jrafanie@redhat.com>
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/765 fix GH-765
+
+	* test/uri/test_generic.rb: Add more tests
+
+Mon Dec  1 20:01:12 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: use typed data for WIN32OLE.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_event.c: ditto.
+
+Mon Dec  1 17:20:42 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (verconf.h): so depends on verconf.mk, which
+	  is rebuilt by setup.mak.
+
+Mon Dec  1 11:05:46 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* proc.c: fix grammar by @BenMorganIO [fix GH-764][ci skip]
+
+Mon Dec  1 10:49:53 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* man/rake.1: Update latest man content by @aledovsky
+	  [fix GH-771][ci skip]
+
+Mon Dec  1 10:42:31 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/syntax/refinements.rdoc: refinements are no longer experimental.
+	  patch by @gaurish [fix GH-775][ci skip]
+
+Sun Nov 30 20:05:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (regexp_contents): fix a typo.  pointed out by wanabe.
+	  [ruby-dev:48741] [Bug #10543]
+
+Sun Nov 30 18:55:32 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_deadlock_by_signal_at_forking):
+	  Don't raise Interrupt.
+
+Sun Nov 30 17:11:05 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_deadlock_by_signal_at_forking): Use
+	  assert_separately.
+
+Sun Nov 30 00:02:52 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (process_options, ruby_script): transcode script name and
+	  program name to locale encoding as well as argv.
+	  [ruby-dev:48752] [Bug #10555]
+
+	* ruby.c (translit_char_bin): should not use code page dependent
+	  CharNext on UTF-8 string.  [ruby-dev:48752] [Bug #10555]
+
+Sat Nov 29 16:53:14 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_set_argv): convert argv from UTF-8.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_sysinit, cmdglob, w32_cmdvector): convert
+	  wide char command line to UTF-8 argv, and glob in UTF-8 so that
+	  metacharacters would match multibyte characters.
+	  [ruby-dev:48752] [Bug #10555]
+
+Sat Nov 29 10:49:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (win32_direct_conv, rb_w32_readdir): convert UTF-8
+	  and filesystem code page by using Win32 API directly.
+
+Sat Nov 29 09:37:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (syserr_initialize): simplify message building and get
+	  rid of potential invalid byte sequence.
+
+Sat Nov 29 06:09:44 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval_error.c (error_print): respect the encoding of the message.
+
+	* io.c (rb_write_error_str): use rb_w32_write_console() on Windows
+	  if stderr is a tty.
+
+Fri Nov 28 05:10:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (--with-setup): add option to select ext/Setup file.
+
+Fri Nov 28 05:02:29 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dmyenc.c (Init_enc): separate from dmyext.c for statically
+	  linked extension excluding encoding libraries.
+
+Thu Nov 27 21:58:30 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* common.mk (miniprelude.c): It does not depend on prelude.rb now.
+
+Thu Nov 27 21:49:49 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* tool/update-deps: List up files built always in the source directory
+	  and source files built always in the build directory.
+
+Thu Nov 27 21:24:55 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* NEWS: add obsolete callcc.
+
+Thu Nov 27 19:59:49 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): remove duplicated line event.
+	  [Bug #10449]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add and fix tests.
+
+Thu Nov 27 19:04:50 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_args.c: fix backtrace location for keyword related exceptions.
+
+	  For example, the following program
+	    def foo(k1: 1); end # line 1
+	    foo(k2: 2)          # line 2
+	  causes "unknown keyword: k2 (ArgumentError)".
+
+	  Before this patch, the backtrace location is only line 2.
+	  However, error should be located at line 1 (over line 2 in
+	  stack trace). This patch fix this problem.
+
+	* class.c (rb_keyword_error_new): separate exception creation logic
+	  from rb_keyword_error(), to use in vm_args.c.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (rb_arg_error_new): rename to rb_arity_error_new().
+
+	* vm_args.c (argument_arity_error): rename to argument_arity_error().
+
+	* vm_args.c (argument_kw_error): added to fix backtrace.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_keyword.rb: add tests.
+
+Thu Nov 27 17:31:58 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (prelude.c): no longer depends on miniruby, since not
+	  depending on rbconfig.rb.
+
+Thu Nov 27 17:12:14 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (miniprelude.c): miniruby needs no preludes.
+
+Thu Nov 27 17:10:19 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* template/prelude.c.tmpl: no code if no prelude code is given.
+
+Thu Nov 27 13:11:00 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (objspace_malloc_increase): enable lazy sweep on GC by malloc()
+	  (malloc_increase) to make GC incrementally.
+
+	  This change can increase memory consumption. Report us if you find
+	  any problem.
+
+Thu Nov 27 12:46:38 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* time.c (time_s_mkutc): [DOC] Time.utc's 10 arguments form
+	  doesn't examine wday, yday, isdst and tz.
+	  (time_s_mktime): [DOC] Time.mktime's 10 arguments form
+	  doesn't examine wday, yday and tz.
+	  Suggested by naruse.
+
+Thu Nov 27 11:45:33 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_data_to_ary): add missing GC guard
+
+Thu Nov 27 10:51:59 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: add rb_thread_t::local_storage_recursive_hash
+	  to speed up Thread#[:__recursive_key__] access.
+	  [Bug #10511]
+
+	* thread.c (threadptr_local_aref): add fast path for
+	  :__recursive_data__.
+
+	* thread.c (threadptr_recursive_hash, threadptr_recursive_hash_set):
+	  add special accessor for recursive hash.
+
+	* cont.c: store/restore local_storage_recursive_hash.
+
+	* vm.c: init and mark local_storage_recursive_hash.
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_threadptr_exec_event_hooks_orig): clear and restore
+	  local_storage_recursive_hash directly.
+
+Thu Nov 27 07:11:00 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_calc_param_size): hoist out of iseq_set_arguments
+
+Wed Nov 26 22:28:12 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_get_kwargs, rb_extract_keywords): export
+	  keyword argument functions.
+
+Wed Nov 26 21:18:40 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/inlinetest.rb: removed unused test helper.
+
+Wed Nov 26 20:47:28 2014  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/continuation/continuation.c (Init_continuation): obsolete callcc.
+	  first step of [Feature #10548].
+
+Wed Nov 26 19:57:54 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb (test_latest_gc_info): do test separately
+	  to avoid mysterious behavior.
+
+Wed Nov 26 19:54:31 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (constat_reset): do nothing on non-standard
+	  console emulators.  [ruby-core:66471] [Bug #10546]
+
+Wed Nov 26 19:44:13 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/tsort.rb: Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
+	  [ruby-core:66270] [Feature #10508] Proposed by Andrey Savchenko.
+
+Wed Nov 26 17:25:45 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (f_label, f_kw, formal_argument_gen): ignore invalid
+	  formal argument in keyword argument definition.
+	  [ruby-dev:48742] [Bug #10545]
+
+Wed Nov 26 15:32:06 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_set_sequence): use "nop" insn instead of
+	  "jump to next insn".
+	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8543#change-50085
+
+Wed Nov 26 11:01:35 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_s_compile_file): close IO when done
+
+Wed Nov 26 06:06:23 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* common.mk: encdb.h and transdb.h depends on $(PREP).
+	  So prebuild files for them in tarball are useless.
+
+Wed Nov 26 02:08:44 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* tool/make-snapshot: Don't generate enc/trans/newline.c in tarball.
+
+Wed Nov 26 00:41:44 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* common.mk (prereq): Don't depends on prelude.c and golf_prelude.c.
+	  Since they depend on $(PREP) which is miniruby, they are rebuilt
+	  after miniruby is built, even if tarball contains them.
+
+Wed Nov 26 00:20:48 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* template/prelude.c.tmpl: Don't expand RbConfig::Config[...].
+	  It is not used now.
+
+	* common.mk: prelude.c and golf_prelude.c doesn't depend on rbconfig.
+
+Tue Nov 25 17:07:06 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* NEWS: add an "Implementation changes" section.
+
+Tue Nov 25 16:09:28 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb:  Do not attempt SSL session resumption when the
+	  session is expired.  [Bug #10533]
+
+Tue Nov 25 15:59:46 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rake:  Update to rake 10.4.0
+	* test/rake:  ditto.
+	* NEWS:  ditto.
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb:  Add compatibility shim for minitest 5.
+	  This only provides minitest 5 unit test naming compatibility.
+
+Tue Nov 25 15:26:33 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/vcs.rb (get_revisions): use Time.new instead of Time.mktime
+	  which does not accept UTC offset, and offset manually for older
+	  versions than 1.9.
+
+Tue Nov 25 12:14:43 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (Init_process): initialize static IDs before constant
+	  definitions.  [ruby-core:66445]
+
+Tue Nov 25 10:32:23 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_build_callinfo_from_hash): hoist out
+	  (iseq_build_from_ary_body): shorten callinfo case
+
+Mon Nov 24 23:03:21 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: Update to test-unit 3.0.7.
+
+Mon Nov 24 12:44:35 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (check_exec_redirect_fd, check_exec_redirect),
+	  (rb_execarg_addopt): get rid of inadvertent ID pindown.
+
+Mon Nov 24 02:03:40 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_setter): preserve encoding of global variable
+	  name in error message.
+
+Mon Nov 24 02:03:30 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_insn_operand_intern): preserve encoding of method
+	  name in CALL_INFO at disassembling.
+
+Mon Nov 24 02:02:59 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (must_respond_to): preserve encodings of variable name and
+	  class name in warning message.
+
+Sun Nov 23 10:46:23 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* internal.h (struct rb_execarg): 160 => 144 bytes on x86-64
+	* ruby.c (struct load_file_arg): 48 => 40 bytes on x86-64
+	* vm_args.c (struct args_info): ditto
+
+Sun Nov 23 07:46:54 2014  Andy Maloney  <asmaloney@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_sysread): Remove redundant assignment of 'n'.
+	  [Fix GH-767]
+
+Sat Nov 22 09:48:33 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* tool/make-snapshot: Specify PWD macro for make.
+	  PWD environment variable may not exist.
+
+Fri Nov 21 11:58:58 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb: fall back if canonicalization fails.
+	  Thanks Vit Ondruch for the patch!  [ruby-core:65836]
+
+	* test/resolv/test_dns.rb: test for patch
+
+Sat Nov 22 01:11:53 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_mod_const_get, rb_mod_const_defined): ditto.
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_missing, rb_mod_const_missing): call
+	  const_missing without new ID to get rid of inadvertent ID
+	  creation.
+
+Fri Nov 21 19:32:57 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (ext/ripper/ripper.c): revert about srcdir and top_srcdir.
+
+	* common.mk (ext/ripper/ripper.c): use $(PWD) for Unix,
+	  $(MAKEDIR) for Windows.
+
+Fri Nov 21 18:12:37 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* tool/update-deps: Refactored.
+
+Fri Nov 21 14:25:40 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (top_srcdir): added because lacking this macro
+	  causes build error at r48526.
+
+Fri Nov 21 12:00:58 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* tool/update-deps (in_makefile): Use FILES_NEED_VPATH and
+	  FILES_CONFUSING.
+
+	* ext/objspace/extconf.rb: Add VPATH for id.h
+
+Fri Nov 21 09:10:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (ext/ripper/ripper.c): fix dependencies for the case
+	  to make ripper.y and id.h under the build directory.
+
+Fri Nov 21 08:42:21 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (ext/ripper/ripper.c): id.h in VPATH may exist in the build
+	  directory.
+
+	* common.mk (ext/ripper/ripper.c): $(RM) was not defined.
+
+Fri Nov 21 00:36:09 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/x509.rb
+	  (OpenSSL::X509::Name::RFC2253DN::StringChar): get rid of a false
+	  positive assertion in ripper's test.
+
+Fri Nov 21 00:29:51 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb (Net::IMAP::ResponseParser::BEG_REGEXP): no need to
+	  use embed string.
+
+Fri Nov 21 00:19:17 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (URI::MailTo::EMAIL_REGEXP): should escape `#`.
+
+Thu Nov 20 23:17:11 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* tool/update-deps: Insert all dependencies found by compiler.
+
+Thu Nov 20 15:51:01 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/nkf/depend (nkf.o): add nkf.c as dependency.
+	  bsdmake tries to make nkf.o with nkf-utf8/nkf.c without this.
+
+Thu Nov 20 08:54:56 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (struct parser_params): reduce size by reordering
+	  members and an unused member.
+
+Thu Nov 20 02:44:27 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Vector#independent? and associated class method
+	  patch by gogo tanaka [#10451]
+
+Thu Nov 20 02:32:34 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Add Vector#angle_with
+	  Patch by Egunov Dmitriy [#10442]
+
+Thu Nov 20 02:10:31 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (ripper_flush_string_content, parser_parse_string):
+	  preserve parsed string content.  [ruby-dev:48714] [Bug #10437]
+
+	* parse.y (ripper_new_yylval): abstract function to create ripper
+	  wrapper, and make it able to hold another object.
+
+Thu Nov 20 01:00:59 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (reg_named_capture_assign_gen): use predefined ID
+	  instead of rb_intern.
+
+Thu Nov 20 00:54:57 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* internal.h (ruby_init_setproctitle): Declare here.
+
+Thu Nov 20 00:26:37 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_here_document): append byte sequence directly to
+	  the delayed content instead of creating an intermediate string
+	  object.
+
+Wed Nov 19 21:11:01 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (ext/json/parser/parser.c): don't touch parse.c,
+	  ruby repo is a downstream.
+
+Wed Nov 19 20:38:11 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (ext/ripper/ripper.c): use $(PWD) to get
+	  <build-directory>/ext/ripper.
+
+Wed Nov 19 18:12:17 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb (RubyGems.download): Don't download gem if the
+	  version is already downloaded. A gem file is versioned and
+	  it must be identical if the version is the same.
+
+Wed Nov 19 17:59:25 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (ext/ripper/ripper.c): pass build directory as VPATH.
+
+	* ext/ripper/depend (.y.c): use VPATH for y.tab.c.
+
+Wed Nov 19 10:07:57 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* template/prelude.c.tmpl (Prelude#translate): strip VPATH prefix
+	  from prelude names, so that srcdir differences do not make the
+	  generated code different.
+
+Wed Nov 19 07:45:11 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_write): should set the error of
+	  GetOverlappedResult()'s, not WriteFile()'s (it's always
+	  ERROR_IO_PENDING, of course).
+
+Tue Nov 18 14:16:47 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_record): add information for debug print.
+
+Wed Nov 19 04:49:07 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* debug.c (set_debug_option): need the declaration.
+
+	* debug.c (set_debug_option): use the same macro with the implementation
+	  at win32/win32.c.
+
+Wed Nov 19 04:16:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (symbol_list): fix the node type of literal symbol list
+	  with no interpolation.  [ruby-core:66343]
+
+Wed Nov 19 00:26:15 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* tool/update-deps: Sort dependencies.
+
+Wed Nov 19 00:24:18 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enc/encdb.c: Include internal.h.
+
+Tue Nov 18 23:23:45 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* internal.h: Gather declarations in non-header files.
+
+Tue Nov 18 23:45:52 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* debug.c (SET_WHEN): Don't declare debug variables here.
+	  ruby_initial_gc_stress_ptr is changed int* to VALUE* at r41406.
+
+	* internal.h (ruby_initial_gc_stress_ptr): Declared.
+	  (ruby_enable_coredump): Ditto.
+
+Tue Nov 18 18:06:43 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/io.h (FMODE_WSPLIT): Removed.  The write() system call
+	  is not required to split.  It was useful to avoid whole process
+	  blocking in Ruby 1.8 but not useful since write() is invoked without
+	  GVL.
+	  (FMODE_WSPLIT_INITIALIZED): Ditto.
+
+	* io.c (wsplit_p): Removed.
+	  (io_writable_length): Removed.
+	  (rb_fcntl): Don't update the removed flags.
+
+Tue Nov 18 03:23:06 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (check_setter_id): show the original argument instead
+	  of nil on TypeError.
+
+Tue Nov 18 03:20:19 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* symbol.h (is_{local,global,instance,attrset,const,class,junk}_sym):
+	  fix ID type names.
+
+Mon Nov 17 20:17:59 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_event.c: use typed data.
+
+Mon Nov 17 12:54:56 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/*, test/rubygems/*: Update to RubyGems 2.4.4
+	  master (2f6e42e).
+
+Mon Nov 17 06:13:06 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (proc_binding): use the original iseq on a binding from
+	  proc from method object to get the location.
+
+Sun Nov 16 19:38:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_current_receiver): new function to return the
+	  receiver in the current control frame.  [Feature #10195]
+
+Sun Nov 16 19:11:04 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout::ExitException#exception): rescue
+	  UncaughtThrowError which is specific for throw, instead of
+	  ArgumentError.
+
+Sun Nov 16 18:22:18 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* tool/update-deps: warning to disable ccache
+
+Sun Nov 16 13:11:35 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* common.mk (CCAN_LIST_INCLUDES): Unused variable removed.
+	  (ENCODING_H_INCLUDES): Ditto.
+	  (PROBES_H_INCLUDES): Ditto.
+	  (VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES): Ditto.
+
+Sun Nov 16 11:07:25 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_readpartial_locktmp):
+	  remove unnecessary begin/end
+
+Sun Nov 16 00:45:23 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* common.mk: Specify dependencies for generated C sources.
+
+Sat Nov 15 23:10:45 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* common.mk: No need to declare dependencies which
+	  will be detected by inference rules.
+
+Sat Nov 15 20:34:23 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* internal.h: Include ruby.h and ruby/encoding.h to be
+	  includable without prior inclusion.
+
+Sat Nov 15 20:46:44 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_document.rb
+	  (REXMLTests::TestDocument::EntityExpansionLimitTest):
+	  Group tests by general entity and parameter entity.
+
+Sat Nov 15 20:43:31 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_document.rb
+	  (REXMLTests::TestDocument::EntityExpansionLimitTest): Define
+	  test XML in each test method because (1) each XML in used only
+	  one test and (2) related data and code should be close.
+
+Sat Nov 15 20:39:06 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_document.rb
+	  (REXMLTests::TestDocument::EntityExpansionLimitTest): Use
+	  one test method for one test.
+
+Sat Nov 15 20:16:59 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_document.rb
+	  (REXMLTests::TestDocument::EntityExpansionLimitTest): Use
+	  setup and teardown instead of ensure in test.
+
+Sat Nov 15 20:11:34 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_document.rb (REXMLTests::TestDocument): Group
+	  entity expansion limit related tests.
+
+Sat Nov 15 20:09:00 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_document.rb (REXMLTests::TestDocument::BomTest):
+	  Fix wrong parent class. It doesn't need inherit tests in
+	  TestDocument class.
+
+Sat Nov 15 19:48:59 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (depend_rules): support comments during a line.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (depend_rules): apply RULE_SUBST even if the dependency
+	  file contains path.
+
+Sat Nov 15 19:25:46 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* common.mk: Remove comments in Dependency lines.
+	  Notified by usa.
+
+	* enc/depend: Ditto.
+
+	* ext/**/depend: Ditto.
+
+Sat Nov 15 16:28:05 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_throw_obj): throw UncaughtThrowError instead of
+	  ArgumentError.  [Feature #10480]
+
+Sat Nov 15 14:13:38 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* tool/update-deps: Extend to fix dependencies.
+
+	* common.mk: Dependencies updated by tool/update-deps.
+
+	* enc/depend: Ditto.
+
+	* ext/**/depend: Ditto.
+
+Fri Nov 14 17:36:48 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* tool/update-deps: Support GNU Make 4.0.
+
+Fri Nov 14 16:59:53 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (default_proc_for_compat_func): check arguments number and
+	  type, and get rid of reentering this default proc.
+
+Fri Nov 14 16:33:06 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): support compatible layer for
+	  GC.stat(symbol) type access.
+
+Fri Nov 14 16:19:08 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): add compatible layer.
+	  From Ruby 2.2, keys of GC.stat are changed [Feature #9924].
+	  To provide compatible layer, GC.stat add a default_proc
+	  (if default_proc of given Hash object is not set).
+
+	  At first use of this compatible layer of interpreter process,
+	  show a warning message like that:
+	  program: GC.stat[:total_allocated_object]
+	  warning message: "warning: GC.stat keys were changed from Ruby
+	  2.1. In this case, you refer to obsolete `total_allocated_object'
+	  (new key is `total_allocated_objects').
+	  Please check <https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/9924>
+	  for more information."
+
+	  Please correct my English message :)
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_set_default_proc): export (in internal).
+
+	* internal.h: ditto.
+
+Fri Nov 14 10:41:25 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: guard by #if/#endif with GC_ENABLE_INCREMENTAL_MARK
+	  to hide unused codes.
+
+	* gc.c: similar to GC_ENABLE_LAZY_SWEEP.
+
+Fri Nov 14 10:23:35 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_eval_cmd): use pre-defined idCall
+
+Fri Nov 14 09:25:44 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_yield_splat): add missing GC guard
+	  [Bug #10509]
+
+Fri Nov 14 08:12:40 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c: fix build error caused by implicit conversion with clang.
+
+Fri Nov 14 06:54:06 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* insns.def (opt_succ): remove Time#succ optimization
+	  [Feature #10501]
+
+Fri Nov 14 05:29:46 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: refactoring.
+
+	* gc.c: use GC_ENABLE_INCREMENTAL_MARK instead of USE_RINCGC.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_start): check FORCE_MAJOR_GC.
+
+Fri Nov 14 04:51:18 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: Tuning RincGC parameters.
+
+	  Before this patch, gc_marks_step() marks (white -> grey) fixed
+	  number objects. However, this strategy does not fit practical
+	  cases, for example too slow to make progress.
+
+	  This patch changes this strategy how many objects the
+	  gc_marks_step() should handle.
+
+	  We can estimate how many times gc_marks_step() is called during
+	  this major marking (== C) with the free slot number in pooled
+	  pages. We also can estimate the living object number (== L)
+	  using last marked_slots value. We can solve this problem (how
+	  many objects should be process in gc_marks_step()) by L/C.
+
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace_t): add rb_objspace_t::rincgc::pooled_slots and
+	  step_slots.
+
+Fri Nov 14 01:26:47 2014  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb (search_response): parse MODSEQ in SEARCH
+	  responses properly.  [ruby-core:64203] [Bug #10112]
+
+Fri Nov 14 01:03:17 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/envutil.rb: Moved from test/ruby/.
+
+	* test/lib/find_executable.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/lib/memory_status.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit.rb: require envutil.
+
+	* test/: Don't require envutil in test files.
+
+Thu Nov 13 21:59:58 2014  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/document.rb: add REXML::Document#document.
+	  reported by Tomas Hoger <thoger@redhat.com> and patched by nahi.
+
+Thu Nov 13 21:51:56 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/monitor/test_monitor.rb: Use assert_join_threads.
+
+Thu Nov 13 21:45:13 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/openssl: Don't specify port number.
+
+Thu Nov 13 21:22:35 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/ssl_server.rb: Unused file removed.
+	  It is not used since r16111, Ruby 1.9.1.
+
+Thu Nov 13 18:50:14 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_ensure): remove obsolete prot_tag comment.  patch by
+	  Jack Danger at [ruby-core:66238].  [misc #10502]
+
+Thu Nov 13 18:10:38 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_make_proc_lambda): similar to rb_vm_make_proc() with
+	  is_lambda argument.
+
+Thu Nov 13 12:11:18 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_fstat{,i64}): speed up.  adjusting
+	  timestamps in this function is to get rid of the side effect of
+	  ENV["TZ"].  then, if ENV["TZ"] is not set, no need to adjust.
+	  this change makes File#stat about 60% faster.
+
+Thu Nov 13 11:56:12 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* st.c: include "internal.h" for STATIC_ASSERT.
+
+Thu Nov 13 03:56:38 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* gc.c (struct heap_page): trivial packing
+	  304 => 296 bytes on x86-64
+
+Wed Nov 12 22:50:12 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: Update to test-unit 3.0.6 and minitest 5.4.3.
+
+Wed Nov 12 22:30:52 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/*: Update to RubyGems 2.4.3 master (7b1f684).
+
+Wed Nov 12 00:26:37 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_object.rb: Specify an exception class for rescue clause.
+
+	* test/dbm/test_dbm.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/gdbm/test_gdbm.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/sdbm/test_sdbm.rb: Ditto.
+
+Tue Nov 11 23:43:51 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb: Use assert_join_threads.
+
+Tue Nov 11 22:51:14 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/resolv/test_dns.rb: Use assert_join_threads.
+
+Tue Nov 11 22:33:08 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/net/pop/test_pop.rb: Use assert_join_threads.
+
+Tue Nov 11 22:07:20 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/net/http/test_https_proxy.rb: Use assert_join_threads.
+
+Tue Nov 11 18:09:11 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* template/prelude.c.tmpl: move from tool/compile_prelude.rb and
+	  expand by generic_erb.rb.
+
+Tue Nov 11 13:01:31 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/contents_command.rb (files_in_default_gem):
+	  remove useless sort. show_files will sort the result and
+	  another branch, files_in_gem, doesn't sort.
+	  it should be removed for consistency.
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_contents_command.rb
+	  (test_execute_default_gem): adjust the sort algorithm with
+	  Gem::Commands::ContentsCommand#show_files, which sort items
+	  as array of [prefix, basename] not strings.
+
+Tue Nov 11 10:37:09 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* string.c (sym_equal): use rb_obj_equal().
+	  rb_obj_equal() is specially optimized in
+	  opt_eq_func()@vm_insnhelper.c.
+
+	  This fix is made from this discussion:
+	  https://www.omniref.com/ruby/2.1.4/symbols/Symbol/%3D%3D#line=8361.
+
+Tue Nov 11 09:38:55 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/known_classes.rb: reverted regression changes of
+	  rdoc known class.
+
+Tue Nov 11 00:21:50 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/net/imap/test_imap.rb: Don't ignore exceptions on server
+	  threads.
+
+Mon Nov 10 23:34:13 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/net/ftp/test_ftp.rb (create_ftp_server): Don't ignore
+	  exceptions on server thread.
+	  Delete read_timeout method call to fix NoMethodError.
+
+Mon Nov 10 20:20:53 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_read): retry with reduced length if cannot to
+	  write any data but no error occurs.
+
+Mon Nov 10 20:04:16 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/server.rb: Setup shutdown pipe in listen method.
+
+Mon Nov 10 19:37:09 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c, include/win32/win32.h (rb_w32_set_nonblock): new
+	  function to support nonblock-mode of pipes.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_read): nonblock-mode pipe returns ERROR_NO_DATA
+	  if there is no data, but also returns it if remote-end is closed.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_write): if cannot to write any data, it may be
+	  blocking.
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_set_nonblock): use rb_w32_set_nonblock for Windows.
+
+	* ext/io/nonblock/nonblock.c (rb_io_nonblock_set): use ruby's API when
+	  setting nonblock-mode.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: test nonblock pipes on Windows.
+
+Mon Nov 10 17:24:34 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_getlogin): set login name encoding properly.
+	  [ruby-core:66163] [Bug #10493]
+
+Mon Nov 10 16:20:42 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/*.rb: Update to RubyGems master(3e36528).
+
+Mon Nov 10 16:09:43 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* signal.c (rb_f_kill): [DOC] mention known signal list.
+	  [ruby-core:66162] [Bug #10492]
+
+Mon Nov 10 14:17:58 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/*.rb: Update to RDoc 4.2.0.alpha(579a11c)
+
+Mon Nov 10 12:44:39 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/server.rb: Less instance variables.
+
+Mon Nov 10 12:19:43 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/server.rb (shutdown): Use close() on @shutdown_pipe_w to
+	  notify readability on the read side of the pipe.
+	  write_nonblock() is not usable for pipe on Windows.
+	  (cleanup_shutdown_pipe): Rescue IOError for @shutdown_pipe_w.close.
+
+Mon Nov 10 07:31:59 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/server.rb (initialize): Initialize shutdown pipe here
+	  to avoid race condition.
+	  (cleanup_shutdown_pipe): New private method.
+	  (cleanup_listener): Extracted from shutdown method.
+	  Call this method from start method to avoid race condition.
+
+Mon Nov 10 05:57:53 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/webrick/webrick.cgi: Don't use debug mode.
+
+	* test/webrick/webrick_long_filename.cgi: Ditto.
+
+Sun Nov  9 23:25:49 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call_super): allow bound proc method to call super
+	  method.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_yield_with_cfunc): push defined class and
+	  bound proc method entry to the control frame.
+
+Sun Nov  9 22:46:13 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/open-uri: Test server log in server thread.
+
+	* test/webrick: Ditto.
+
+Sun Nov  9 22:28:34 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httpstatus.rb: require webrick/accesslog for AccessLog.
+
+Sun Nov  9 21:03:59 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/webrick: Fix the argument order of assert_equal.
+
+Sun Nov  9 20:29:01 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/webrick: Store log in an array.
+
+	* test/net/http: Ditto.
+
+	* test/open-uri: Ditto.
+
+Sun Nov  9 18:35:36 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/xmlrpc: Refine log test.
+
+Sun Nov  9 18:33:33 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb: Replaced if-else by
+	  case in self.normalized? in parallel to r48309.
+
+Sun Nov  9 18:07:00 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/xmlrpc: Use assert_join_threads.
+
+Sun Nov  9 14:06:13 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/xmlrpc: Test webrick error log is empty.
+
+Sun Nov  9 13:47:02 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (is_incremental_marking): use #if/#else because
+	  rb_objspace_t::flags::during_incremental_marking is not defined
+	  when GC_ENABLE_INCREMENTAL_MARK is 0.
+
+	* gc.c (will_be_incremental_marking, is_full_marking): similar fix.
+
+Sun Nov  9 12:16:22 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/securerandom.rb (SecureRandom.gen_random): separate
+	  implementation details and select at the load time.
+
+Sun Nov  9 12:09:38 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/win32/lib/win32/registry.rb (Win32::Registry::API#Enum{Value,Key):
+	  ditto.
+
+Sun Nov  9 11:48:40 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/net/http: Examine webrick log.
+
+Sun Nov  9 11:45:19 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: upgraded to test-unit 3.0.5.
+
+Sun Nov  9 11:40:50 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* defs/known_errors.def: More errors for FreeBSD.
+
+Sun Nov  9 11:25:11 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: upgraded to power_assert 0.2.0.
+
+Sun Nov  9 10:31:03 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/securerandom.rb: set the script encoding to make a string
+	  literal in SecureRandom::Kernel32.last_error_message single byte
+	  encoding so msg[] works in bytes, since FormatMessage() returns
+	  the size in TCHARs, not in characters.
+
+Sun Nov  9 09:50:22 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/webrick: Refine log tests.
+
+Sun Nov  9 08:58:05 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* defs/known_errors.def (EHWPOISON): New errno symbol.
+	  It is defined by glibc-2.16.
+
+Sun Nov  9 05:00:23 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/securerandom.rb (initialize): call the special method for Win32
+	  before checking `/dev/urandom` because we know windows doesn't have it.
+
+Sun Nov  9 04:01:46 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/securerandom.rb (SecureRandom::AdvApi32): split from `initialize`.
+	  thanks @zzak to remember it.
+
+Sun Nov  9 02:05:33 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/net/http/utils.rb: Don't connect to spawned server
+	  before actual test.
+
+Sun Nov  9 01:51:50 2014  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* object.c (Module#const_defined?): [DOC] Revise the documentation.
+	  Patch by Xavier Noria.
+	  [Fixes GH-754] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/754
+
+Sun Nov  9 00:37:44 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/webrick: Examine log and use assert_join_threads.
+
+Fri Nov  7 00:00:12 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* template/unicode_norm_gen.tmpl: expand kompatible_table so that
+	  recursive expansion is not needed at runtime.
+
+Thu Nov  6 23:58:40 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* pack.c (pack_pack): escape unprintable characters and preserve
+	  the encoding of warning message.
+
+Thu Nov  6 23:55:18 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (sym_printable): QUOTE() should not raise an exception
+	  even on invalid byte sequence.
+
+Thu Nov  6 21:44:36 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/test_unicode_normalize.rb: Rename TestNormalize to
+	  TestUnicodeNormalize.
+	  Define constants under TestUnicodeNormalize.
+
+Thu Nov  6 21:22:59 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/open-uri/test_open-uri.rb: Check empty webrick log.
+
+Thu Nov  6 19:27:34 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (unescape_nonascii): cast -1 for the case char is unsigned char.
+	  If char is signed char, for example gcc for ARM or ppc64, it caused
+	  infinite loop.
+	  http://kmuto.jp/build-ruby/arm/ruby-trunk/log/20141106T013005Z.fail.html.gz
+	  http://rubyci.blob.core.windows.net/f19p8/ruby-trunk/log/20141106T090217Z.fail.html.gz
+
+Thu Nov  6 09:53:18 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb (initialize): reduce bytecode size
+	  2088 => 1332 bytes on 32-bit x86
+
+Thu Nov  6 08:49:49 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb: Comment clarification.
+
+Wed Nov  5 23:43:24 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* compile.c (compile_data_alloc): add padding when strict alignment
+	  is required for memory access. Currently, the padding is enabled
+	  only when the CPU is 32-bit SPARC and the compiler is GCC.
+	  [Bug #9681] [ruby-core:61715]
+
+	* compile.c (STRICT_ALIGNMENT): defined if strict alignment is required
+
+	* compile.c (ALIGNMENT_SIZE, ALIGNMENT_SIZE_MASK, PADDING_SIZE_MAX):
+	  new macros for alignment word size, bit mask, max size of padding.
+
+	* compile.c (calc_padding): new function to calculate padding size.
+
+Wed Nov  5 23:24:45 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/open-uri/test_open-uri.rb: Don't ignore webrick's log.
+
+Wed Nov  5 19:20:08 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/server.rb: Stop listener loop properly.
+	  [ruby-core:66085] [Bug #10478] Fixed by Charles Nutter.
+
+Wed Nov  5 17:20:29 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_disable_super, rb_enable_super): warn
+	  as deprecated at build time, instead of ignoring silently or
+	  warning at runtime only.
+
+Wed Nov  5 16:55:52 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_f_lambda): remove deprecated function, which has been
+	  unavailable from extension libraries.
+
+Wed Nov  5 16:26:58 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_clear_cache): mark as deprecated, not
+	  only warnings at runtime.
+
+Wed Nov  5 15:05:12 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_{,l,r}strip_bang): rb_str_subseq() will not
+	  NUL-terminate the result string, in the future, so it will not
+	  be needed in other cases.
+
+Wed Nov  5 14:11:30 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb): do nothing unless
+	  BASERUBY is available.  MINIRUBY cannot load extension libraries,
+	  so cannot update Unicode data.
+
+Wed Nov  5 12:13:54 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_lstrip, rb_str_strip): reduce memory copy by
+	  copying necessary part only.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_strip_bang, rb_str_strip): ditto.
+
+Wed Nov  5 12:13:48 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_lstrip, rb_str_strip): reduce memory copy by
+	  copying necessary part only.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_strip_bang, rb_str_strip): ditto.
+
+Wed Nov  5 10:54:19 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_lstrip_bang, rb_str_rstrip_bang): terminate
+	  wchar strings with wchar 0.
+
+Tue Nov  4 21:23:22 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/win32/lib/Win32API.rb: Fiddle::Importer is defined in
+	  fiddle/import.rb and it's not loaded implicitly.
+
+	* ext/win32/lib/Win32API.rb (Win32API#initialize): `import` is a string.
+
+	* ext/win32/lib/Win32API.rb (Win32API#initialize):
+	  Fiddle::Importer::CALL_TYPE_TO_ABI is private constant.
+
+Tue Nov  4 21:20:07 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/securerandom.rb (SecureRandom.random_bytes): use fiddle directly
+	  instead of using Win32API.
+
+Tue Nov  4 21:04:30 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_request_set_lockfile.rb
+	  (test_relative_path_from): driveletter support.
+
+Tue Nov  4 16:23:57 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_remote_fetcher.rb (RemoteFetcherCleanup):
+	  close all pooled connections for each tests to fix leaked file
+	  descriptors.
+
+Tue Nov  4 12:51:31 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (PRIsVALUE), vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): add
+	  RUBY_PRI_VALUE_MARK to reduce danger of accidental conflict with
+	  plain "%i".  binary incompatible with extension libraries using
+	  PRIsVALUE and built for 2.1 and earlier.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
+
+Tue Nov  4 12:33:44 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* object.c: fix document of Kernel#String by @suzukaze
+	  [fix GH-743][ci skip]
+
+Tue Nov  4 12:21:45 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb: added documentation for skip_blanks option by @decasia
+	  [fix GH-744][ci skip]
+
+Tue Nov  4 12:09:18 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/open3.rb: fix code formatting in documentation by @JoshCheek
+	  [fix GH-747][ci skip]
+
+Tue Nov  4 08:57:37 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* encoding.c (enc_memsize): remove unnecessary function
+	  [ruby-core:65304]
+
+Mon Nov  3 18:09:39 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/utils.rb: The default of :ignore_listener_error is
+	  changed to false.
+
+Mon Nov  3 14:42:37 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_free): resolve memory leak.
+
+Mon Nov  3 13:49:18 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_memsize): catch up recent changes.
+
+Mon Nov  3 13:38:28 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: change semantics of opt_num and opt_table.
+	  `opt_num' was the number of optional parameters + 1.
+	  `opt_table' has "opt_num" entries.
+
+	  Change them to:
+	  `opt_num' is the number of optional parameters.
+	  `opt_table' has "opt_num + 1" entries.
+
+	  This change simplify parameter fitting logics.
+
+	* compile.c: catch up this change.
+
+	* iseq.c: ditto.
+
+	* proc.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_args.c: ditto.
+
+Mon Nov  3 11:47:44 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* NEWS: added period into Matrix section. [ci skip]
+	  [misc #10446][ruby-core:65987]
+
+Mon Nov  3 09:43:30 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_args.c: fixed build error with clang
+
+Mon Nov  3 09:32:46 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb (URI::RFC3986_Parser::RFC3986_URI):
+	  allow '[' and ']' for URI input (and escape). [Bug #10402]
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI#query=): escape '[', '\', and ']'.
+
+Mon Nov  3 07:49:34 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: change iseq parameter data structure.
+	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/10440#change-49694
+
+	  * change terminology `arg' to `param'.
+	  * move rb_iseq_t::arg_* to rb_iseq_t::param.
+	  * move rb_iseq_t::arg_size to rb_iseq_t::param::size.
+	  * move rb_iseq_t::argc to rb_iseq_t::param::lead_num.
+	  * move rb_iseq_t::arg_opts to rb_iseq_t::param::opt_num.
+	  * move rb_iseq_t::arg_rest to rb_iseq_t::param::rest_start.
+	  * move rb_iseq_t::arg_post_num to rb_iseq_t::param::post_num.
+	  * move rb_iseq_t::arg_post_start to rb_iseq_t::param::post_start.
+	  * move rb_iseq_t::arg_block to rb_iseq_t::param::block_start.
+	  * move rb_iseq_t::arg_keyword* to rb_iseq_t::param::keyword.
+	    rb_iseq_t::param::keyword is allocated only when keyword
+	    parameters are available.
+	  * introduce rb_iseq_t::param::flags to represent parameter
+	    availability. For example, rb_iseq_t::param::flags::has_kw
+	    represents that this iseq has keyword parameters and
+	    rb_iseq_t::param::keyword is allocated.
+	    We don't need to compare with -1 to check availability.
+	  * remove rb_iseq_t::arg_simple.
+
+	* compile.c: catch up this change.
+
+	* iseq.c: ditto.
+
+	* proc.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm.c, vm_args.c, vm_dump.c, vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_data_to_ary): support keyword argument.
+
+Mon Nov  3 03:39:04 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_method.rb: r48239 makes this test green.
+
+Mon Nov 03 03:02:38 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* rewrite method/block parameter fitting logic to optimize
+	  keyword arguments/parameters and a splat argument.
+	  [Feature #10440] (Details are described in this ticket)
+
+	  Most of complex part is moved to vm_args.c.
+
+	  Now, ISeq#to_a does not catch up new instruction format.
+
+	* vm_core.h: change iseq data structures.
+
+	  * introduce rb_call_info_kw_arg_t to represent keyword arguments.
+	  * add rb_call_info_t::kw_arg.
+	  * rename rb_iseq_t::arg_post_len to rb_iseq_t::arg_post_num.
+	  * rename rb_iseq_t::arg_keywords to arg_keyword_num.
+	  * rename rb_iseq_t::arg_keyword to rb_iseq_t::arg_keyword_bits.
+	    to represent keyword bitmap parameter index.
+	    This bitmap parameter shows that which keyword parameters are given
+	    or not given (0 for given).
+	    It is referred by `checkkeyword' instruction described bellow.
+	  * rename rb_iseq_t::arg_keyword_check to rb_iseq_t::arg_keyword_rest
+	    to represent keyword rest parameter index.
+	  * add rb_iseq_t::arg_keyword_default_values to represent default
+	    keyword values.
+	  * rename VM_CALL_ARGS_SKIP_SETUP to VM_CALL_ARGS_SIMPLE
+	    to represent
+	      (ci->flag & (SPLAT|BLOCKARG)) &&
+	      ci->blockiseq == NULL &&
+	      ci->kw_arg == NULL.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c, vm_args.c: rewrite with refactoring.
+
+	  * rewrite splat argument code.
+	  * rewrite keyword arguments/parameters code.
+	  * merge method and block parameter fitting code into one code base.
+
+	* vm.c, vm_eval.c: catch up these changes.
+
+	* compile.c (new_callinfo): callinfo requires kw_arg parameter.
+
+	* compile.c (compile_array_): check the last argument Hash object or
+	  not. If Hash object and all keys are Symbol literals, they are
+	  compiled to keyword arguments.
+
+	* insns.def (checkkeyword): add new instruction.
+	  This instruction check the availability of corresponding keyword.
+
+	  For example, a method "def foo k1: 'v1'; end" is compiled to the
+	  following instructions.
+
+	    0000 checkkeyword     2, 0  # check k1 is given.
+	    0003 branchif         9     # if given, jump to address #9
+	    0005 putstring        "v1"
+	    0007 setlocal_OP__WC__0 3   # k1 = 'v1'
+	    0009 trace            8
+	    0011 putnil
+	    0012 trace            16
+	    0014 leave
+
+	* insns.def (opt_send_simple): removed and add new instruction
+	  "opt_send_without_block".
+
+	* parse.y (new_args_tail_gen): reorder variables.
+	  Before this patch, a method "def foo(k1: 1, kr1:, k2: 2, **krest, &b)"
+	  has parameter variables "k1, kr1, k2, &b, internal_id, krest",
+	  but this patch reorders to "kr1, k1, k2, internal_id, krest, &b".
+	  (locate a block variable at last)
+
+	* parse.y (vtable_pop): added.
+	  This function remove latest `n' variables from vtable.
+
+	* iseq.c: catch up iseq data changes.
+
+	* proc.c: ditto.
+
+	* class.c (keyword_error): export as rb_keyword_error().
+
+	* common.mk: depend vm_args.c for vm.o.
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_has_key): export.
+
+	* internal.h: ditto.
+
+Mon Nov  3 02:35:32 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* sample/simple-bench.rb: added to measure performance of simple
+	  lines.
+
+Mon Nov  3 02:33:43 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (obj_info): show T_STRING more details.
+
+Sun Nov  2 01:30:32 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Don't ignore errors on listener threads,
+	  as much as possible.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_partial_record_read.rb: Ditto.
+
+Sat Nov  1 23:11:05 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/utils.rb (start_server): Don't close sockets before
+	  threads finished.
+
+Sat Nov  1 22:06:24 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb (test_ctx_client_session_cb): Don't
+	  ignore errors of SSL accept.
+	  (test_ctx_server_session_cb): Ditto.
+
+	* test/openssl/utils.rb (server_loop): Add ignore_ssl_accept_error
+	  argument.
+	  (start_server): Refine threads waits.
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (assert_join_threads): Show a thread before
+	  backtrace.
+
+Sat Nov  1 20:40:18 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/utils.rb (start_server, server_loop): Use a
+	  pipe to stop server instead of shutdown/close a listening socket.
+
+Sat Nov  1 19:24:59 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (assert_join_threads): New assertion to
+	  join multiple threads without exceptions.
+
+Sat Nov  1 17:09:32 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* bignum.c (bary_mul_balance_with_mulfunc): Fix free work area
+	  location.
+	  [ruby-dev:48723] [Bug #10464]
+	  [ruby-core:66044] [Bug #10465]
+	  Reported by Kohji Nishihama.
+
+Sat Nov  1 15:45:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parse_atmark): mere atmark and two atmarks without
+	  succeeding identifiers are invalid as instance/class variable
+	  names.
+
+Sat Nov  1 06:31:41 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variant.c: use typed data.
+
+Fri Oct 31 13:55:28 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/dl/*: remove DL as it is replaced by Fiddle.
+	  [Feature #5458] Thanks to Jonan Scheffler <jonanscheffler@gmail.com>
+	  for this patch
+
+	* test/dl/*: ditto.
+
+Fri Oct 31 15:26:02 2014  Charles Oliver Nutter  <headius@headius.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Add certificate verification chain
+	  test from JRuby community.
+
+Fri Oct 31 18:58:02 2014  Charles Oliver Nutter  <headius@headius.com>
+
+	* test/psych/test_emitter.rb: Fix line_width test...initial value
+	  is impl-specific and attr assignment always returns LHS.
+
+Fri Oct 31 22:19:30 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* ext/digest/lib/digest.rb (Digest()): This function should now be
+	  thread-safe.  If you have a problem with regard to on-demand
+	  loading under a multi-threaded environment, preload "digest/*"
+	  modules on boot or use this method instead of directly
+	  referencing Digest::*. [Bug #9494]
+	  cf. https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-ruby/issues/525
+
+Fri Oct 31 21:33:17 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* test/digest/test_digest.rb: Drop #!.  This no longer runs
+	  stand-alone because it depends on ruby/envutil.
+
+Fri Oct 31 17:22:19 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/setup.mak: $(APPEND) with some arguments insert a space before
+	  the arguments, so it causes error if the arguments are expected to be
+	  a macro definition.  this fix resolve the build error introduced at
+	  r48210.
+
+Fri Oct 31 16:47:35 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* ext/syslog/lib/syslog/logger.rb (Syslog::Logger::VERSION): Bump
+	  the VERSION to 2.1.0. [ruby-core:64483] [Bug #10159]
+
+Fri Oct 31 16:33:46 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb (Net::IMAP#fetch): [DOC] Document that
+	  Net::IMAP#fetch will return nil instead of an empty array.
+
+Fri Oct 31 12:54:43 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (.unicode-tables.time): needs Unicode files always,
+	  and should update after downloading these files.
+	  [ruby-core:66026] [Bug #10461]
+
+Fri Oct 31 10:16:42 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* .travis.yml: reverted r48199, it's unrelated configuration.
+
+Fri Oct 31 09:58:14 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/test_unicode_normalize.rb: added unicode version number to
+	  test data location.
+
+Fri Oct 31 09:56:41 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* .gitignore: ignored unicode data with version directories.
+
+Fri Oct 31 09:35:30 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* .travis.yml: tweak build scripts for unicode_normalize.rb.
+
+Thu Oct 30 18:47:04 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk: fix for the case ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE=no
+
+Thu Oct 30 13:23:23 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb: changed Unicode data download location
+	  from latest Unicode version to Unicode 7.0.0.
+
+Thu Oct 30 11:16:13 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_callee_setup_arg{_complex,}): try conversion
+	  by to_ary for a lambda, as well as a proc.
+	  [ruby-core:65887] [Bug #9605]
+
+Wed Oct 29 21:13:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (gettable_gen): warn circular argument reference, for
+	  transition from 2.1 and earlier.  [ruby-core:65990] [Bug #10314]
+
+Wed Oct 29 20:41:01 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_params): remove unused member `cur_mid`.
+	  this has been taken over by `in_def` since 1.6.
+
+Wed Oct 29 14:44:27 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* load.c (rb_f_load): path name needs to be transcoded to OS path
+	  encoding.  [ruby-list:49994]
+
+Wed Oct 29 11:48:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (__builtin_setjmp): disable with gcc/clang earlier
+	  than 4.3 on Mac OS X.  [ruby-core:65174] [Bug #10272]
+
+Wed Oct 29 11:43:43 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Generalize Vector#cross_product to arbitrary
+	  dimensions
+	  based on a patch by gogo tanaka [#10074]
+
+Wed Oct 29 11:43:11 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Add Matrix#adjucate
+	  patch by gogo tanaka [#10056]
+
+Wed Oct 29 11:42:33 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Add aliases for Vector#cross & dot
+	  patch by gogo tanaka [#10352]
+
+Wed Oct 29 10:00:18 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: Update latest version of bundled gems.
+
+Tue Oct 28 16:52:07 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* signal.c (install_sighandler): remove rb_disable_interrupt and
+	  rb_enable_interrupt calls
+	  (init_sigchld): ditto
+	  (Init_signal): disable and enable interrupt once around all
+	  install_sighandler and init_sigchld to reduce syscalls at start
+	  [Feature #9345] [ruby-core:59480]
+
+Tue Oct 28 16:22:41 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (process_options, load_file_internal2): should not
+	  require other files when dump option is given.
+	  [ruby-dev:48712] [Bug #10435]
+
+Tue Oct 28 14:51:38 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: remove apple-gcc4.2 from CC candidates.
+
+Mon Oct 27 20:13:37 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/entity.rb: keep the entity size within the limitation.
+	  reported by Willis Vandevanter <will@silentrobots.com> and
+	  patched by nahi.
+
+Mon Oct 27 17:17:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (method_proc): the receiver of binding from method should
+	  be same as the receiver of the method.
+	  [ruby-core:65917] [Bug #10432]
+
+Mon Oct 27 16:26:37 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_super.rb: add a test to check block passing.
+
+Mon Oct 27 15:59:26 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: is_incremental_marking(), will_be_incremental_marking():
+	  use `&&' with GC_ENABLE_INCREMENTAL_MARK instead of using
+	  #if/#else/#endif.
+
+Mon Oct 27 13:40:11 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_sweep_rest): sweep rest pages regardless of whether
+	  lazy sweep is enabled or not.  based on the patch by Masahiro
+	  Ide at [ruby-dev:48706].  [Bug #10431]
+
+Mon Oct 27 11:18:32 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_deadlock_by_signal_at_forking):
+	  reduce garbage during forks
+
+Sun Oct 25 12:26:26 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* template/insns.inc.tmpl, insns_info.inc.tmpl, known_errors.inc.tmpl,
+	  minsns.inc.tmpl: fixed path of generating script.
+
+Sun Oct 26 12:24:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/ripper/lib/ripper/sexp.rb (Ripper.sexp, Ripper.sexp_raw):
+	  return nil on error.  [ruby-dev:48678] [Bug #10405]
+
+Sun Oct 25 11:24:24 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c: improved comment.
+
+Sun Oct 26 07:40:11 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_val2variant, ole_invoke): refactoring.
+	  use ole_variant2variant to convert WIN32OLE_VARIANT object to
+	  VARIANT object.
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variant.c: refactoring. add
+	  ole_variant2variant.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variant.h: ditto.
+
+Sat Oct 25 22:28:17 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* io.c (io_binwrite_string): Test writev() failure.
+
+Sat Oct 25 20:19:19 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/test-unicode_normalize.rb: added test_us_ascii.
+
+Sat Oct 25 20:09:09 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb: added US_ASCII
+	  as trivially supported encoding (is always normalized,
+	  and may appear mixed in with UTF-8 or other Unicode
+	  encodings).
+
+Sat Oct 25 20:01:01 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/test-unicode_normalize.rb: added
+	  test_raise_exception_for_non_unicode_encoding.
+
+Sat Oct 25 19:30:30 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/test-unicode_normalize.rb: removed unused function.
+
+Sat Oct 25 18:41:41 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* template/unicode_norm_gen.tmpl: Adjusted name of generating file.
+
+Fri Oct 24 22:49:42 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_yylex): dispatch newline and space at fluent
+	  interface, so that the following identifier does not include the
+	  space.  [ruby-dev:48684] [Bug #10411]
+
+Fri Oct 24 20:41:36 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* signal.c (check_reserved_signal_): fix write count since r47991.
+
+Thu Oct 23 21:42:54 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_delete): now does not call the block given to
+	  the current method.  [ruby-core:65861] [Bug #10413]
+
+Thu Oct 23 19:13:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_make): warn redefinition only for
+	  already defined methods, but not for undefined methods.
+	  [ruby-dev:48691] [Bug #10421]
+
+Thu Oct 23 17:19:04 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/source.rb (REXML::IOSource#encoding_updated): Fix a
+	  bug that can't parse XML correctly when
+	  Encoding.default_internal is different with XML
+	  encoding. REXML::Source converts XML encoding on read. So IO
+	  should not convert XML encoding.
+	  Based on patch by NAKAMURA Usaku.
+	  [ruby-dev:48686] [Bug #10418]
+
+	* test/rexml/test_encoding.rb
+	  (REXMLTests::EncodingTester#test_parse_utf16_with_utf8_default_internal):
+	  Add the for the above case.
+
+Thu Oct 23 16:29:02 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_encoding.rb
+	  (REXMLTests::EncodingTester#test_parse_utf16): Use meaningful
+	  test name. "ticket" in the old test name means the ticket in
+	  REXML's issue tracker. The REXML's issue tracker was gone. So
+	  "ticket" is meaningless.
+
+	* test/rexml/data/ticket_110_utf16.xml: Rename to ...
+	* test/rexml/data/utf16.xml: ... this.
+
+Thu Oct 23 16:18:11 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_encoding.rb
+	  (REXMLTests::EncodingTester#test_ticket_110): Fix expected and
+	  actual order.
+	  Patch by NAKAMURA Usaku. Thanks!!!
+
+Thu Oct 23 10:47:16 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* insns.def (getlocal,setlocal): add comment to def/opt_operand.def
+
+Thu Oct 23 10:22:41 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_deadlock_by_signal_at_forking):
+	  use IO#wait_readable instead of timeout
+
+Thu Oct 23 10:22:24 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_deadlock_by_signal_at_forking):
+	  ensure exit! during fork failure
+
+Thu Oct 23 10:21:21 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* NEWS: Added String#unicode_normalize(|!|d?) [ci skip]
+
+Thu Oct 23 03:41:51 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (unknown_keyword_error): delete expected keywords
+	  directly from raw table, so that the given block is not called.
+	  [ruby-core:65837] [Bug #10413]
+
+Thu Oct 23 02:33:01 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (update-unicode): invert dependency to run every times.
+	  [ruby-core:65842] [Bug #10415]
+
+	* common.mk (after-update): update files under source tree.
+	  [ruby-core:65840] [Bug #10414]
+
+Wed Oct 22 22:38:59 2014  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (DEFAULT_PARAMS): override
+	  options even if OpenSSL::SSL::OP_NO_SSLv3 is not defined.
+	  this is pointed out by Stephen Touset. [ruby-core:65711] [Bug #9424]
+
+Wed Oct 22 21:31:56 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (prelude.c): add dependency to LIB_SRCS because
+	  enc/prelude.rb requires lib/unicode_normalize.rb, and it's also
+	  requires lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb (=LIB_SRCS).
+
+Wed Oct 22 21:09:51 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* configure.in (nacl_cv_cpu_nick): fix typo in PNaCl.
+	  (XCFLAGS) Add -isystem flag to pnacl and nacl-newlib
+	  (CXX): added
+
+	* nacl/GNUmakefile.in (CXX): Added
+	  (PPROGRAM): Use clang++ instead of clang because libnacl_io
+	  depends on c++ std lib.
+
+Wed Oct 22 21:07:32 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* common.mk (build-ext): avoid trying to build dynamic libraries
+	  if configured --with-static-linked-ext.
+
+Wed Oct 22 20:33:33 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* common.mk: Fixed grammar in comment [ci skip]
+
+Wed Oct 22 19:18:18 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* tool/unicode_norm_gen.rb: Fixed escaping of backslash and
+	  double quote ('\\\&' -> "\\\\\\\&"; double quoted string
+	  is needed to make \& mean last match; double double
+	  backslashes are needed because of two layers of escaping).
+
+Wed Oct 22 18:13:29 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/test-unicode_normalize.rb: as often said, ruby is sometimes built
+	  at non-srcdir.
+
+Wed Oct 22 18:12:12 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/test-unicode_normalize.rb: Adjusted path for test
+	  data file (now ../enc/unicode/data/NormalizationTest.txt).
+
+Wed Oct 22 18:07:07 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/test-unicode_normalize.rb: Removed explicit require,
+	  changed method names, adjusted copyright.
+
+Wed Oct 22 18:00:00 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/test-unicode_normalize.rb: Importing from
+	  https://github.com/duerst/eprun/blob/master/test/test_normalize.rb.
+	  (removing trailing whitespace, fixing EOLs and adding EOL property)
+
+Wed Oct 22 08:21:09 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* nacl/pepper_main.c (Instance_DidCreate): mount devfs and rebind fd 0
+	  .. 2 so that stderr goes to the console of the browser.
+
+Wed Oct 22 03:47:43 2014  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_nprocessors_affin): maximum "n" should be 16384.
+
+Wed Oct 22 03:37:00 2014  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_nprocessors_affin): minor spell fix.
+
+Wed Oct 22 03:33:58 2014  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_nprocessors_affin): optimize memory usage a
+	  bit. Typical rubyist never use 8k cpus machine.
+
+Wed Oct 22 00:01:09 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* configure.in (XCFLAGS): Add include path for NaCl libraries.
+	  (XLDFLAGS): ditto.
+	  (NACL_LIB_PATH): new substitution
+
+	* nacl/nacl-config.rb: support NACL_LIB_PATH
+
+	* nacl/package.rb: ditto.
+
+	* nacl/pepper_main.c: replace old implementations with nacl_io.
+
+	* nacl/GNUmakefile.in: link nacl_io to pepper_ruby
+
+	* ruby.c (rb_load_file): remove __attribute__((weak)) because the old
+	  override hack was replaced with nacl_io.
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_load_ok): ditto.
+
+Tue Oct 21 17:32:32 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* common.mk: Adding explicit creation of directory
+	  enc/unicode/data because git doesn't handle empty
+	  directories. [patch by Masahiro Ide, filed with r48073]
+
+Tue Oct 21 17:12:12 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb: Committing to make version
+	  update easier and more predictable, and reducing compilation
+	  time.
+
+Tue Oct 21 15:56:56 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb: Added comment to point to
+	  relevant portion of Unicode standard for Hangul (de)composition
+	  identifiers and algorithm.
+
+Tue Oct 21 11:49:16 2014  Andreas Schwab  <schwab@suse.de>
+
+	* gc.c (mark_current_machine_context) [__mc68000__]: Update stack
+	  marking.
+	  (rb_gc_mark_machine_stack) [__mc68000__]: Also handle it here.
+
+Mon Oct 20 23:59:38 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/prelude.rb: we sometimes run ruby without library path (especially
+	  for test), so should permit to run ruby if unicode_normalize.rb is
+	  missing.
+
+Mon Oct 20 23:57:58 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb): enable running (n)make
+	  in non-srcdir.
+
+Mon Oct 20 23:58:04 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb: add -a option to always download regardless
+	  existing files.
+
+Mon Oct 20 23:18:18 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb: no need to convert path separator for COPY because it's
+	  ruby -run cp and it can treat '/' on any platform.
+
+Mon Oct 20 19:54:54 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* config.mk: Added missing data files as targets for
+	  prerequisite update_unicode.
+
+Mon Oct 20 19:06:06 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: revert r48046. The s in sIndex
+	  is not hungarian notation. The variable name sIndex is
+	  directly taken from the relevant part of the Unicode
+	  Standard, where it is written SIndex and stands for
+	  'syllable index'. See pp. 144/145 of
+	  http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode7.0.0/ch03.pdf.
+
+Mon Oct 20 12:46:46 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: removing unnecessary 'self'.
+
+Mon Oct 20 12:37:37 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: change method names
+	  in commented-out code. Followup to r48027.
+
+Mon Oct 20 02:23:27 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_ivar_get), vm_insnhelper.c (vm_getivar): improve
+	  instance variable retrieval performance by checking ruby_verbose
+	  before call of rb_warning and evaluation of its argument.
+	  [ruby-core:65786] [Feature #10396]
+
+Sun Oct 19 23:31:29 2014  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: (unicode_normalize!): change method name.
+	  catch up the method name change at r48014. [Feature #10084]
+
+Sun Oct 19 20:05:58 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/treeview.rb: fix syntax error.
+
+Sun Oct 19 18:39:39 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/prelude.rb: Added automatic loading of
+	  lib/unicode_normalize.rb. This makes sure that all
+	  the methods that are available on String are
+	  available without explicit require.
+
+Sun Oct 19 18:35:35 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb: Added a missing
+	  file extension in require statement.
+
+Sun Oct 19 18:13:13 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* common.mk: Added a rule to generate
+	  lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb. This rule still
+	  needs to be integrated into the overall make process.
+
+Sun Oct 19 17:53:53 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: Changed to dynamic
+	  loading of actual normalization code and tables.
+
+Sun Oct 19 17:37:37 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: Small documentation fix.
+
+Sun Oct 19 17:26:26 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: Added documentation.
+
+Sun Oct 19 11:09:09 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* tool/unicode_norm_gen.rb, lib/unicode_normalize.rb:
+	  File name change from lib/unicode_normalize/normalize_tables.rb
+	  to lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb.
+
+Sun Oct 19 10:12:12 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: Changing method names, see
+	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/10084#note-7
+
+Sun Oct 19 10:10:10 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: Changing module name.
+
+Sun Oct 19 10:08:08 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: Changing require statement,
+	  adjusting copyright.
+
+Sun Oct 19 10:04:04 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: Importing from
+	  https://github.com/duerst/eprun/blob/master/lib/string_normalize.rb.
+	  (removing trailing whitespace, fixing EOLs and adding EOL property)
+
+Sun Oct 19 09:56:56 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* tool/unicode_norm_gen.rb: Changed module name.
+
+Sun Oct 19 09:48:48 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb: Changed module name,
+	  adjusted copyright.
+
+Sun Oct 19 09:38:38 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb: Importing from
+	  https://github.com/duerst/eprun/blob/master/lib/normalize.rb.
+
+Sat Oct 18 20:40:52 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h, proc.c, vm_backtrace.c, vm_trace.c:
+	  remove rb_binding_new_with_cfp, and use rb_vm_make_binding instead.
+
+Sat Oct 18 20:38:48 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h, vm.c, proc.c: fix GC mark miss on bindings.
+	  [ruby-dev:48616] [Bug #10368]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_eval.rb: add a test code.
+
+Fri Oct 17 22:47:11 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): Add casts for char references for 'u'.
+	  Fix line ending recognition algorithm.
+
+Fri Oct 17 21:49:52 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): Add casts for char references for 'b' and 'h'.
+
+Fri Oct 17 17:50:10 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* Avoid undefined behaviors found by gcc -fsanitize=undefined.
+	  gcc (Debian 4.9.1-16) 4.9.1
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_sum): Avoid undefined behavior.
+
+Fri Oct 17 17:43:50 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* Avoid undefined behaviors found by gcc -fsanitize=undefined.
+	  gcc (Debian 4.9.1-16) 4.9.1
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (INT2FIX): Avoid undefined behavior.
+
+	* node.h (nd_set_line): Ditto.
+
+	* pack.c (encodes): Ditto.
+	  (pack_unpack): Ditto.
+
+	* regint.h (BIT_STATUS_AT): Ditto.
+	  (BS_BIT): Ditto.
+
+	* time.c (time_mdump): Ditto.
+	  (time_mload): Ditto.
+
+	* vm_core.h (VM_FRAME_MAGIC_MASK): Ditto.
+
+	* vm_trace.c (recalc_add_ruby_vm_event_flags): Ditto.
+
+Fri Oct 17 15:06:49 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (unescape_nonascii): make dynamically compiled US-ASCII
+	  regexps ASCII-8BIT encoding if binary (hexadecimal, control,
+	  meta) escapes are contained, as well as literal regexps.
+	  [ruby-dev:48626] [Bug #10382]
+
+Fri Oct 17 03:05:08 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/-ext-/bug_reporter/test_bug_reporter.rb
+	  (test_bug_reporter_add): revert r47972
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (test_segv_test): revert r47971
+	  [ruby-core:65764]
+
+Thu Oct 16 23:17:40 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* signal.c (rb_sigaltstack_size): double default size to get rid
+	  of heap corruption by alternate stack overflow in SEGV handler.
+	  typically happened at fprintf() in control_frame_dump().
+
+Thu Oct 16 22:43:12 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c (id2str): Fix a variable name.
+	  [ruby-dev:48642] [Bug #10389]
+
+Thu Oct 16 20:01:26 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (assert_pattern_list): Show number of matched
+	  patterns and characters.
+
+Thu Oct 16 16:26:09 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* cont.c (fiber_store): fix WIN32 fibers
+	  [ruby-core:65745] [ruby-core:65758]
+
+Thu Oct 16 15:05:07 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_here_document): do not append already appended
+	  and disposed code fragment.  [ruby-dev:48647] [Bug #10392]
+
+Thu Oct 16 10:35:33 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/-ext-/bug_reporter/test_bug_reporter.rb
+	  (test_bug_reporter_add): fix race
+
+Thu Oct 16 10:09:02 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (test_segv_test): fix race
+
+Thu Oct 16 09:17:48 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cont.c (rb_fiber_t): fix compile error caused by move to
+	  vm_core.h at r47964.  [Feature #10341]
+
+Thu Oct 16 08:58:11 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_deadlock_by_signal_at_forking):
+	  avoid killing wrong parent
+
+Thu Oct 16 08:40:04 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* cont.c (fiber_store): restore references to next_fib (fix typo)
+
+Thu Oct 16 08:26:08 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* cont.c (fiber_store): remove references to nextfib
+	  fix build when FIBER_USE_NATIVE is 0
+
+Thu Oct 16 06:51:35 2014  Knut Franke  <Knut.Franke@gmx.de>
+
+	* vm_core.h: declare rb_fiber_t typedef
+	  (rb_thread_t): fiber and root_fiber become rb_fiber_t * (from VALUE)
+	* vm.c (rb_thread_mark): use rb_fiber_mark_self
+	* cont.c (rb_fiber_t): prev becomes rb_fiber_t * (from VALUE)
+	  (cont_mark, cont_free): simplify conditions
+	  (rb_fiber_mark_self): new function
+	  (fiber_mark): use rb_fiber_mark_self
+	  (cont_save_thread, cont_restore_thread): inline
+	  (cont_restore_thread): simplify
+	  (fiber_setcontext): simplify conditions
+	  (rb_cont_call): remove dereference
+	  (fiber_t_alloc): update for rb_fiber_t->prev type change
+	  (rb_fiber_start): ditto
+	  (fiber_current): extract from rb_fiber_current
+	  (return_fiber): move, simplify type checks
+	  (rb_fiber_current): use fiber_current
+	  (fiber_store): simplify type checks
+	  (fiber_switch): ditto, simplify call to fiber_setcontext,
+	   use fiber_current
+	  (rb_fiber_transfer): update for type changes
+	  (rb_fiber_terminate): move, use fiber_switch
+	  (rb_fiber_resume): update for type changes
+	  (rb_fiber_reset_root_local_storage): ditto
+	  (rb_fiber_yield): use rb_fiber_switch instead of rb_fiber_transfer
+	  (rb_fiber_m_transfer): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:65518] [Feature #10341]
+
+Thu Oct 16 06:25:29 2014  Knut Franke  <Knut.Franke@gmx.de>
+
+	* cont.c (rb_context_t): comment on saved_thread
+	  (cont_save_thread): sparse copy
+	  (cont_init): copy extra fields
+	  (fiber_init): use current thread VM stack size
+	  [ruby-core:65518] [Feature #10341]
+
+Thu Oct 16 06:13:09 2014  Knut Franke  <Knut.Franke@gmx.de>
+
+	* cont.c (cont_capture): remove unnecessary variable
+	  [ruby-core:65518] [Feature #10341]
+
+Thu Oct 16 05:02:31 2014  Knut Franke  <Knut.Franke@gmx.de>
+
+	* cont.c (fiber_store, fiber_switch): simplify
+	  [ruby-core:65518] [Feature #10341]
+
+Thu Oct 16 04:28:41 2014  Knut Franke  <Knut.Franke@gmx.de>
+
+	* cont.c (rb_fiber_t): remove prev_fiber/next_fiber
+	  (fiber_link_join, fiber_link_remove): remove functions
+	  (fiber_free, fiber_init, root_fiber_alloc):
+	   remove references to removed fields and functions
+	  [ruby-core:65518] [Feature #10341]
+
+Wed Oct 15 22:08:37 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_nprocessors_affin): Test CPU_ALLOC availability.
+	  CentOS 5 don't have CPU_ALLOC().
+
+Wed Oct 15 18:26:19 2014  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_nprocessors_affinity): use sched_getaffinity
+	  for getting precious number of available cpus.
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_nprocessors): use etc_nprocessors_affinity if
+	  possible.
+
+	  [Feature #10267] etc-nprocessors-kosaki2.patch
+
+Wed Oct 15 17:53:28 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (assert_pattern_list) Renamed from
+	  assert_regexp_list.
+	  Show multiline string in multi lines.
+
+	* test/-ext-/bug_reporter/test_bug_reporter.rb: Use
+	  assert_pattern_list.
+
+Wed Oct 15 12:26:58 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (assert_regexp_list): New assertion method.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb: Use assert_regexp_list.
+
+Wed Oct 15 07:21:09 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enum.c: min(n) drops elements bigger than the n-th maximum element.
+	  (struct nmin_data): New field to record the n-th maximum element, limit
+	  (nmin_filter): Update limit field.
+	  (nmin_i): Drop too big elements.
+	  (nmin_run): Initialize limit field.
+
+Wed Oct 15 07:00:14 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb (test_string_size): new test
+
+Wed Oct 15 06:51:13 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb (test_string_eq_neq): new test
+	  (test_string_ltlt): ditto
+
+Wed Oct 15 06:50:29 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb (test_hash_aset_with):
+	  assert assignment
+
+Wed Oct 15 04:56:27 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_obj_id): [DOC] Fix typo, clean up sentence, and wrap cols
+
+Wed Oct 15 04:53:30 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* error.c: [DOC] Fix case of type in exception message by @tricknotes
+	  [Fixes GH-740] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/740
+
+	* object.c: ditto
+
+Tue Oct 14 21:39:16 2014  Vit Ondruch  <vondruch@redhat.com>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb (gem): Fix permissions of bundled gems
+	  specification files.  [ruby-core:65700] [Bug #10383]
+
+Tue Oct 14 19:15:31 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_record.c: use typed data.
+
+Tue Oct 14 16:23:12 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* symbol.c (global_symbols): make ids two-dimensional array of
+	  strings and symbols, for write-barrier.
+
+	* symbol.c (global_symbols): make IDs immortal always, instead
+	  of treating dynamic symbols as IDs.
+
+	* iseq.c, marshal.c, string.c: use rb_str_intern instead of
+	  rb_str_dynamic_intern.
+
+	* symbol.c (rb_str_intern): rename rb_str_dynamic_intern.
+
+Tue Oct 14 10:19:10 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb (test_string_freeze): new test
+	  (test_hash_aref_with): ditto
+	  (test_hash_aset_with): ditto
+
+Tue Oct 14 01:27:54 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enum.c (nmin_run): max(n) and max_by(n) returns an array in
+	  descending order.
+	  [ruby-core:65452] Suggested by David Grayson.
+
+Mon Oct 13 20:44:49 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (update-gems): chdir to the target directory and then
+	  add the tool directory to load paths, for older BASERUBY.
+	  [Bug #10372][ruby-core:65630]
+
+Mon Oct 13 17:53:01 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/xmlrpc/parser.rb: added new parser class using libxml-ruby gem.
+	  [Feature #9379][ruby-core:59633]
+	* lib/xmlrpc/config.rb: ditto.
+
+Mon Oct 13 16:32:56 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/find.rb (Find.find): Call to_path for arguments to obtain
+	  strings.
+	  [ruby-core:63713] [Bug #10035] Reported by Herwin.
+
+Mon Oct 13 15:42:25 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* common.mk: use relative load path for bundled_gems directory.
+	  [Bug #10372][ruby-core:65630]
+
+Mon Oct 13 08:44:06 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* README.EXT: [DOC] fix example missing typedef with patch by
+	  @steveklabnik [Fixes GH-739] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/739
+
+	* README.EXT.ja: ditto.
+
+Mon Oct 13 06:52:09 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* array.c (ary_recycle_hash): add RB_GC_GUARD
+	  (rb_ary_diff): remove volatile
+	  [Bug #10369]
+
+Mon Oct 13 03:20:23 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: [DOC] Clean up whitespace, examples, and typos
+	  in date_core based on a patch by @vipulnsward [Fixes GH-724]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/724
+
+Mon Oct 13 02:39:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (remove_duplicate_keys): should not simply eliminate all
+	  value nodes, which may have side effects.
+	  [ruby-core:65625] [Bug #10315]
+
+Sun Oct 12 10:39:16 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* vm.c: [DOC] fix typo by @yui-knk [Fixes GH-738]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/738
+
+Sun Oct 12 09:24:15 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit.rb: Hide skips by default.
+
+Sun Oct 12 01:37:11 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* file.c: include sys/time.h only if HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
+
+Sat Oct 11 22:29:40 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* file.c (HAVE_UTIMENSAT): disabled for NativeClient.
+	  Fixes build error.
+
+Sat Oct 11 22:11:58 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb: generates the rule for extinit.$(OBJEXT).
+	  extinit.$(OBJEXT) used to be generated by the builtin rule, thus
+	  didn't accept custom $(CC) and caused linkage error for cross
+	  compiling.
+
+Sat Oct 11 18:46:50 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_fd_select): declare struct timeval, or the
+	  struct gets local to the function in C99.
+
+	* file.c (#include): add nacl/stat.h for PNaCl.
+	  (utimes): added a declaration for PNaCl.
+	  (stat_atimespec): stat::st_atimensec is long long but
+	  timespec::tv_nsec is long in PNaCl.
+	  (stat_mtimespec, stat_ctimespec): ditto.
+	  (rb_group_member): disable getgroups unless HAVE_GETGROUPS.
+	  (eaccess): unify the fallback to generic defined(USE_GETEUID).
+
+	* io.c: include sys/time.h for struct timeval.
+	  (rb_close_before_exec): nothing we can do if F_GETFD is not
+	  available.
+	  (ioctl): pnacl newlib actually doesn't have ioctl.
+
+	* process.c (maxgroups): it is used iff
+	   defined(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX) || defined(NGROUPS_MAX) but not
+	   defined(HAVE_GETGROUPS) || defined(HAVE_SETGROUPS).
+	  (obj2gid): fail unless the object is a Fixnum if getgrnam is not
+	  available.
+	  (disable_child_handler_fork_child): sigaction is not available in
+	  PNaCl newlib.
+
+	* configure.in (warnflags, strict_warnflags): avoid -ansi for strlcpy.
+	  (rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins): also check
+	  __atomic_or_etch because it is used in ruby_atomic.h.
+	  (rb_cv_gcc_sync_builtins): ditto.
+	  (HAVE_GETGRNAM): added.
+
+Sat Oct 11 15:32:08 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_build_from_ary_exception): move RB_GC_GUARD
+	  (iseq_build_from_ary_body): use PRIsVALUE instead of RB_GC_GUARD
+
+Sat Oct 11 14:57:08 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_intern): remove unnecessary RB_GC_GUARD
+
+Sat Oct 11 13:47:13 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (remove_duplicate_keys): remove duplicate literal keys,
+	  i.e., symbols and strings.  [ruby-core:65368] [Bug #10315]
+
+	* vm.c (kwmerge_i): override existing keys by new keys.
+	  [ruby-core:65368] [Bug #10315]
+
+	* parse.y (assocs): concatenate splatted literal hashes.  the
+	  former key has precedence even if duplicated literal keys
+	  follow.  [ruby-core:65368] [Bug #10315]
+
+Sat Oct 11 12:27:03 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_NACL): automatically locate pnacl-clang.
+	  (RUBY_PLATFORM): pnacl instead of le32-nacl.
+
+Sat Oct 11 11:27:14 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* io.c: fix issues in the last two commits. don't disable cloexec for
+	  platforms other than NativeClient.
+
+	* ChangeLog: ditto. add entries for the last two commits.
+
+Sat Oct 11 11:12:00 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* signal.c (install_signalhandler, init_sigchld): allow failure because it
+	  always fails with ENOSYS on NaCl.
+
+Sat Oct 11 11:11:53 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_NACL and others): merge patch from naclports. Supports PNaCl.
+
+	* dln.c: ditto. replace the old hacky dynamic loading over HTTP with nacl_io.
+
+	* file.c: ditto. tentatively use access(2) instead of eaccess.
+	  (rb_file_load_ok): weaken with attribute but not by postprocess.
+
+	* io.c: ditto.
+	  (socket.h): now NaCl has socket.h
+	  (flock): disable here instead of nacl/ioctl.h
+
+	* nacl/GNUmakefile.in: ditto.
+	  (CC, LD, NM, AR, AS, RANLIB, OBJDUMP, OBJCOPY):
+	  respect path to them if they are absolute.
+	  This helps naclports to build ruby in their source tree.
+	  (PROGRAM_NMF, .SUFFIXES): support .pnexe for PNaCl.
+	  (ruby.o, file.o): move the hack to attributes in ruby.c and file.c
+
+	* nacl/ioctl.h: ditto. removed. move the hack to io.c.
+
+	* nacl/nacl-config.rb: ditto. support arm, pnacl and others.
+
+	* nacl/pepper_main.c: ditto. support build in a naclports tree.
+
+	* ruby.c (rb_load_file): ditto. weaken with attribute but not by postprocess.
+
+Sat Oct 11 09:32:00 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* ext/socket/unixsocket.c: [DOC] Fix example to render in HTML
+	  properly, with a patch by @eval [Fixes GH-733]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/733
+
+Sat Oct 11 04:14:41 2014  Kir Shatrov  <shatrov@me.com>
+
+	* lib/open-uri.rb (OpenURI::Options): add :open_timeout default
+	* (def OpenURI.open_http): check :open_timeout option
+	* (module OpenURI): rdoc for :open_timeout
+	* test/open-uri/test_open-uri.rb (test_open_timeout): new test
+	  [Feature #10361]
+
+Fri Oct 10 11:27:49 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/io.h (rb_io_mode_flags, rb_io_modenum_flags):
+	  deprecate old macros for compatibility for ruby 1.8 and older.
+
+Thu Oct  9 23:31:47 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* bignum.c (absint_numwords_generic): set an array element after
+	  definition of a variable to fix compile error with older version
+	  of fcc (Fujitsu C Compiler) 5.6 on Solaris 10 on Sparc.
+	  [Bug #10350] [ruby-dev:48608]
+
+Thu Oct  9 16:15:26 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/-test-/st/foreach/extconf.rb: new file
+	* ext/-test-/st/foreach/foreach.c: ditto
+	* test/-ext-/st/test_foreach.rb: ditto
+	  [Feature #10321]
+
+Thu Oct  9 12:40:28 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_hash_aref_sym*.rb: force static symbols
+
+Thu Oct  9 12:38:28 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_any_hash): remove unnecessary dsym check
+
+Thu Oct  9 07:20:30 2014  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* missing/setproctitle.c: Avoid invalidating argv[1], argv[2],
+	  etc. until the first call to Process.setproctitle, because
+	  the ps command of AIX refers to the argv array.
+	  [Bug #10090]
+
+Thu Oct  9 00:53:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (dir_s_aref): fix rdoc.  `Dir.glob` allows an array but
+	  `Dir[]` not.  the former accepts an optional parameter `flags`,
+	  while the latter accepts arbitrary number of arguments but no
+	  `flags`.  [ruby-core:65265] [Bug #10294]
+
+Wed Oct  8 21:44:10 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variable.c: use typed data.
+
+Wed Oct  8 16:36:47 2014  gogo tanaka  <mail@tanakakazuki.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_syntax.rb: added syntax tests of underscore
+	  arguments.  [Feature #10340][ruby-core:65496]
+
+Wed Oct  8 07:42:39 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI#inspect): remove Object id.
+	  URI is considered that it doesn't require id.
+
+Wed Oct  8 05:22:42 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_systmpdir): set default tmplen correctly
+	  Fixup r47826
+
+Wed Oct  8 05:16:32 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Add @- and @+ for Matrix and Vector.
+	  patch by gogo tanaka [#10068] [#10069]
+
+Wed Oct  8 04:58:48 2014  John Bachir  <j@jjb.cc>
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_io.rb (assert_finish):
+	  normalize rescue for Timeout::Error
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (Net#read_timeout): ditto for doc
+	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::ResolvTimeout): ditto for subclass
+	* lib/webrick/httprequest.rb (_read_data): ditto for rescue
+	* sample/timeout.rb (p timeout): ditto for call
+	* test/drb/drbtest.rb (test_06_timeout): ditto
+	* test/ruby/test_readpartial.rb (test_open_pipe): ditto
+	* test/thread/test_queue.rb (test_queue_thread_raise): ditto
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_s_handle_interrupt): ditto for doc
+	  [ruby-core:65481] [misc #10339]
+
+Wed Oct  8 04:38:29 2014  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (TestProcess#test_setsid): AIX
+	  does not allow Process::getsid(pid) when pid is in a
+	  different session.
+
+Wed Oct  8 04:33:04 2014  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (TestRubyOptions#test_encoding):
+	  On AIX, locale_charmap is ISO-8859-1 with LANG=C.  This means
+	  the source encoding of stdin is ISO-8859-1, so "invalid
+	  multibyte char" error does not occur.
+
+Wed Oct  8 04:30:29 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Add Matrix#laplace_expansion.
+	  patch by gogo tanaka [#10073]
+
+Wed Oct  8 04:29:21 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Add Vector.basis.
+	  Based on patch by gogo tanaka [#10072]
+
+Tue Oct  7 23:40:16 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* signal.c (rb_f_kill): get rid of deadlock as unhandled and
+	  discarded signals do not make interrupt_cond signaled.
+	  based on the patch by Kazuki Tsujimoto at [ruby-dev:48606].
+	  [Bug #9820]
+
+Tue Oct  7 22:43:44 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_method.c: use typed data.
+
+Tue Oct  7 21:47:05 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_param.c: refactoring.
+
+Tue Oct  7 21:40:17 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_method.c: refactoring. add
+	  olemethod_data_get_struct to wrap Data_Get_Struct.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_method.h: ditto.
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_param.c (oleparam_ole_param):
+	  call olemethod_data_get_struct instead of Data_Get_Struct.
+
+Tue Oct  7 11:17:08 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_systmpdir): try user temporary directory by
+	  confstr() on Mac OS X.
+	  c.f. http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/ruby/ruby-104/patches/ext_etc_etc.c.diff
+
+Tue Oct  7 10:48:17 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (struct stat.st_size): prefer off_t over int, long,
+	  and so on.  inspired by
+	  http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/ruby/ruby-104/patches/config.h.ed
+
+Tue Oct  7 10:37:39 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_UNIVERSAL_ARCH): fix missing quoting
+	  brackets.  incorporated from
+	  http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/ruby/ruby-104/patches/configure.diff
+
+Mon Oct  6 23:34:42 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_param.c: use typed data.
+
+Mon Oct  6 22:37:09 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* symbol.h (struct RSymbol): move from internal.h.
+
+Mon Oct  6 21:43:03 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c: update exception tree. [DOC]
+	  reported by @hemge via twitter.
+
+Mon Oct  6 18:43:03 2014  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: Fix typo. [Bug #9914]
+
+Mon Oct  6 16:23:30 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* signal.c (rb_f_kill): should not ignore signal unless the
+	  default handler is registered.  [ruby-dev:48592] [Bug #9820]
+
+Mon Oct  6 16:07:11 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_string.rb (test_LSHIFT_neary_long_max): enable
+	  only on platforms where string size range is smaller than memory
+	  space.  this test does not make sense but just wastes memory and
+	  time on other platforms, as it is hardly possible that a string
+	  size becomes neary LONG_MAX if long size equals pointer size.
+	  [ruby-core:65410] [Bug #10325]
+
+Mon Oct  6 11:21:21 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* tool/unicode_norm_gen.rb: Adding/tweaking comments.
+
+Mon Oct  6 10:57:57 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* tool/unicode_norm_gen.rb: Adjusted directory paths.
+
+Mon Oct  6 10:27:27 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* tool/unicode_norm_gen.rb: Data generation script imported from
+	  https://github.com/duerst/eprun/blob/master/lib/generate.rb
+
+Mon Oct  6 10:15:15 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb: Adjust example in documentation for
+	  Downloader.download.
+
+Mon Oct  6 10:07:07 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize: New folder for Unicode normalization
+	  functionality
+
+Sun Oct  5 11:04:13 2014  Luiz Angelo Daros de Luca  <luizluca@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/digest/{md5,rmd160,sha1,sha2}/extconf.rb: configure OpenSSL
+	  only if bundled libraries is not used, so that OpenSSL is not
+	  linked unnecessarily.  [ruby-core:65404] [Bug #10324]
+
+Sun Oct  5 10:39:11 2014  Luiz Angelo Daros de Luca  <luizluca@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/digest/rmd160/extconf.rb: fix transform function name to
+	  check.  [ruby-core:65091] [Bug #10252]
+
+Sun Oct  5 05:46:00 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (zstream_mark, zstream_free): update signature
+	  (gzfile_mark, gzfile_free): ditto
+	  (zstream_memsize): new function for rb_data_type->dsize
+	  (gzfile_memsize): ditto
+	  (zstream_data_type, gzfile_data_type): new data types
+	  (zstream_new): Data_Make_Struct => TypedData_Make_Struct
+	  (gzfile_new): ditto
+	  (get_zstream, get_gzfile): Data_Get_Struct => TypedData_Get_Struct
+	  (rb_zstream_flush_next_in): ditto
+	  (rb_zstream_flush_next_out): ditto
+	  (rb_zstream_avail_out): ditto
+	  (rb_zstream_avail_in): ditto
+	  (rb_zstream_closed_p): ditto
+	  (rb_deflate_initialize): ditto
+	  (rb_deflate_init_copy): ditto
+	  (rb_inflate_initialize): ditto
+	  (gzfile_ensure_close): ditto
+	  (rb_gzfile_closed_p): ditto
+	  (rb_gzfile_path): ditto
+	  (rb_gzwriter_initialize): ditto
+	  (rb_gzreader_initialize): ditto
+	  (rb_gzreader_unused): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:65377] [Feature #10319]
+
+Sat Oct  4 16:24:41 2014  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/test_syslog.rb (TestSyslog#test_log): In AIX, each output
+	  line of LOG_PERROR to stderr has an additional empty line appended,
+	  so skip that line.
+
+Sat Oct  4 16:05:49 2014  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/socket/test_unix.rb (TestSocket_UNIXSocket#test_too_long_path):
+	  sockaddr_un.sun_path in AIX is defined as char[1024],
+	  so "a" * 300 is not too long. "a" * 3000 would be enough.
+
+Sat Oct  4 09:12:03 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/sample/example*.rb: Add wait input to quit for examples
+	  with patch provided by @windwiny [Fixes GH-705]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/705
+
+Sat Oct  4 09:08:18 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: [DOC] Fix typo in :nodoc: reported by
+	  @windwiny to [Fix GH-705] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/705
+
+	* ext/pty/pty.c: ditto
+
+Sat Oct  4 08:59:45 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c: [DOC] Add call signature for pseudo_bytes
+	  and random_bytes, wrap lines at 80 chars, and remove useless
+	  comments.
+
+Sat Oct  4 08:49:34 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c: [DOC] Add rdoc for method descriptions
+	  By @vipulnsward [Fixes GH-657] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/657
+
+Sat Oct  4 08:23:48 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c: Use rb_define_module_function instead of
+	  macro. [Fixes GH-686] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/686
+
+Sat Oct  4 06:04:56 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_method.c(olemethod_set_member): remove
+	  redundant NULL check.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_type.c(oletype_set_member): ditto.
+
+Sat Oct  4 00:25:04 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* .travis.yml: removed needless preparation for gcc.
+
+Fri Oct  3 23:41:20 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* .travis.yml: enabled gcc build with osx on travis.
+
+Fri Oct  3 23:22:23 2014  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* template/fake.rb.in: fix make install failure due to MSYS path
+	  with mingw on MSYS environment.
+	  [ruby-core:64965] [Bug #10230]
+
+Fri Oct  3 21:02:32 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_advise): avoid to infinite loop.
+
+Fri Oct  3 19:26:01 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* .travis.yml: enabled test results of linux.
+
+Fri Oct  3 18:52:16 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_advise): added workaround of fadvise(2)
+	  with tmpfs and old linux kernel. [ruby-core:65355][Bug #10313]
+
+Fri Oct  3 18:22:45 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* .travis.yml: Disabled to generate document on travis.
+	  Reduce test running time.
+
+Fri Oct  3 12:42:15 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Add hstack & vstack methods.
+	  Based on a patch by creasywuqiong. [Fix GH-344]
+
+Fri Oct  3 12:37:48 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Fix Matrix.rows copy bug.
+	  Patch by Arron Mabrey. [Fix GH-707]
+
+Fri Oct  3 06:06:28 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* st.c (next_pow2): new function (from old bignum.c)
+	  (new_size): use next_pow2 function
+
+Fri Oct  3 05:58:58 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_tp_t): pack 56 => 48 bytes on 64-bit
+
+Thu Oct  2 18:41:45 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_nprocessors): Windows support.
+	  see [Feature #10267]
+
+Thu Oct  2 12:21:52 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_nprocessors): New method.
+	  Accepted by matz at RubyKaigi 2014.
+	  [ruby-core:65142] [Feature #10267]
+
+Thu Oct  2 07:56:49 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_line_trace_each): explicit cast
+	  Fix https://travis-ci.org/ruby/ruby/jobs/36814282
+
+Thu Oct  2 05:40:05 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ruby.h: set rb_event_flag_t to uint32_t
+	  [ruby-core:65315] [misc #10249]
+
+Thu Oct  2 05:32:17 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* io.c (fptr_finalize): free memory before GC sweep
+	  [ruby-core:65269] [Feature #10295]
+
+Thu Oct  2 05:27:24 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (w_class): check dump_arg->compat_tbl before lookup
+	  (w_object): lazy init ->compat_tbl before insert
+	  (obj_alloc_by_class): ditto
+	  (clear_dump_arg): free only non-NULL ->compat_tbl
+	  (clear_load_arg): ditto for ->compat_tbl
+	  (marshal_dump): ->compat_tbl defaults to zero
+	  (marshal_load): ditto for ->compat_tbl
+	  (r_entry0): check l->compat_tbl before lookup
+	  (r_fixup_compat): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:65305] [Feature #10302]
+
+Wed Oct  1 21:14:34 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_type.c: use typed data.
+
+Wed Oct  1 18:15:42 2014  Nolan Evans  <nolane@gmail.com>
+
+	* compile.c: remove commented out code.
+
+Wed Oct  1 17:38:53 2014  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb: AIX does not allow
+	  a sticky bit on a regular file.
+
+Wed Oct  1 17:31:41 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* NEWS:  Add RubyGems update.
+
+Wed Oct  1 17:28:58 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems 2.4.2.
+	* test/rubygems:  ditto.
+
+Tue Sep 30 22:25:32 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_data_type): separate ripper data type for from
+	  parser.
+
+Tue Sep 30 18:46:31 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_typelib.c: use typed data.
+
+Tue Sep 30 09:51:46 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* common.mk: fixed broken reference of update-config_files task
+
+Mon Sep 29 22:54:51 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/file.c (append_wstr): set expanded length, not length of
+	  appended string.  fix "probable buffer overflow" bug.
+	  [ruby-core:65317] [Bug #10304]
+
+	* string.c (str_make_independent_expand): drop NOFREE flag after
+	  reallocation, static buffer is not pointed anymore.
+	  [ruby-core:65317] [Bug #10304]
+
+Sun Sep 28 23:59:17 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_gcdebug_print_obj_condition): use RVALUE_REMEMBERED
+	  because GET_HEAP_REMEMBERSET_BITS is obsoleted.
+
+Sun Sep 28 11:14:14 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* common.mk: Created new target update-unicode to download
+	  some Unicode data files.
+
+Fri Sep 26 15:03:19 2014  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb: raise URI::InvalidURIError when
+	  uri doesn't respond to #to_str. [ruby-core:64453] [Bug #10150]
+
+	* test/uri/test_parser.rb: test for above.
+
+Sat Sep 27 10:31:48 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: upgraded to power_assert 0.1.4.
+
+Fri Sep 26 12:52:36 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_write): ASCII-8BIT StringIO
+	  should be writable any encoding strings, without conversion.
+	  [ruby-core:65240] [Bug #10285]
+
+Fri Sep 26 05:21:01 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_class_real): do not dereference 0 VALUE
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb (test_inspect_segfault):
+	  Test case and bug report by Thomas Stratmann.
+	  [ruby-core:65214] [Bug #10282]
+
+Fri Sep 26 05:12:10 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* man/ruby.1: document stack size env variables
+	  [Feature #10197]
+
+Thu Sep 25 19:37:34 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* io.c (free_io_buffer): new function for a common pattern
+	  (clear_readconv): use free_io_buffer
+	  (rb_io_fptr_finalize): ditto
+
+Thu Sep 25 07:51:07 2014  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Fix docs. Patched by Ben Woodall. [GH-726]
+
+Wed Sep 24 19:04:04 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode/data: New directory for downloaded Unicode
+	  data files.
+
+Wed Sep 24 18:59:59 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb: Adjusting example for
+	  Downloader.download to implementation changes in r47693.
+
+Wed Sep 24 18:06:06 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb: Removing unused method
+	  Downloader.download_if_modified_since.
+	  (if ever used, just replace with Downloader.download)
+
+Wed Sep 24 17:59:59 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb: Fixing raise after return.
+
+Wed Sep 24 17:55:55 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb: Made Unicode data file location available
+	  via :unicode Symbol.
+
+Wed Sep 24 10:45:45 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb: Small fix to documentation comment.
+
+Tue Sep 23 22:00:20 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parse_ident): just after a label, new expression should
+	  start, cannot be a modifier.  [ruby-core:65211] [Bug #10279]
+
+Tue Sep 23 16:07:07 2014  Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb: added Downloader.download_if_modified_since
+	  to reduce downloads of large files that change only rarely.
+	  [ruby-core:65164] [CommonRuby - Feature #10084]
+
+Tue Sep 23 11:55:09 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* .travis.yml: added rubyspec into travis tasks and eliminate to stdout.
+
+Mon Sep 22 20:00:29 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_variant.rb
+	  (test_conversion_time2date_with_msec): test by using only
+	  assert_in_delta  to avoid to fail when converting Time object with
+	  999999999 nanoseconds into VT_DATE Variant.
+
+Mon Sep 22 19:49:12 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc: [DOC] [] and []= methods by @process
+	  [Fixes GH-662] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/662
+
+Mon Sep 22 18:21:35 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* .travis.yml: Only osx build is enabled. linux builds is random failure
+	  and test results of major linux is covered by rubyci.
+
+Mon Sep 22 12:10:29 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_time_tz.rb: Fix test error with tzdata-2014g.
+	  [ruby-core:65058] [Bug #10245] Reported by Vit Ondruch.
+
+Mon Sep 22 09:28:43 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c ({send,recv}msg_args_struct): 24 => 16 bytes
+	* ext/socket/init.c (connect_arg): ditto
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (getnameinfo_arg): 56 => 48 bytes
+	  (reductions only for 64-bit systems)
+
+Mon Sep 22 02:04:25 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/drb/drb.rb: Support graceful shutdown.
+	  (DRbTCPSocket#initialize): Create a pipe for shutdown notification.
+	  (DRbTCPSocket#close): Invoke close_shutdown_pipe.
+	  (DRbTCPSocket#close_shutdown_pipe): New private method.
+	  (DRbTCPSocket#accept): Use accept_or_shutdown.
+	  (DRbTCPSocket#accept_or_shutdown): New private method which returns
+	  nil on shutdown.
+	  (DRbServer#stop_service): Use shutdown instead of Thread#kill.
+	  (DRbServer#run): Break infinite loop when main_loop returns nil.
+	  (DRbServer#main_loop): @protocol.accept may return nil.
+
+	* lib/drb/ssl.rb: Follow above change.
+
+	* lib/drb/unix.rb: Ditto.
+
+Sun Sep 21 13:54:36 2014  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* time.c: raise exception when minutes of utc_offset is out of 00-59.
+	  patch is from Kenichi Kamiya.
+	  [ruby-dev:47539] [Bug #8679]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_time.rb: test for above.
+	  patch is from Kenichi Kamiya.
+
+Sun Sep 21 19:04:08 2014  Narihiro Nakamura <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* st.c (do_hash_bin): unused macro.
+
+Sun Sep 21 18:45:01 2014  Narihiro Nakamura <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_class_nest): unused variable after YARV
+	  merged (r11439).
+
+Sun Sep 21 18:14:03 2014  Narihiro Nakamura <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* st.c (numberof): unused. internal.h has same macro.
+
+	* node.c (F_CUSTOM2): unused.
+
+Sun Sep 21 14:11:23 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_set_thread_name): New function to
+	  set thread name visible with ps command on GNU/Linux.
+	  Ex. ps -o %c -L
+
+	* thread.c (thread_start_func_2): Call native_set_thread_name at
+	  beginning.
+	  (rb_thread_inspect_msg): Extract from rb_thread_inspect.
+
+Sun Sep 21 12:49:11 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_defined_string): trim redundant semi-colon
+
+Sun Sep 21 12:19:29 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_find_file_ext_safe): clear tmp buffer on failure
+	  (rb_find_file_safe): ditto
+
+Sat Sep 20 04:42:18 2014  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb: avoid unnecessary object allocations.
+	  patch is from Andrew Vit. [ruby-core:63215] [Feature #9952]
+
+Sun Sep 21 12:10:18 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rexml/**/*.rb: removed commented-out code.
+
+Sat Sep 20 03:46:58 2014  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c: use rb_equal_opt() for performance improvement.
+	  [ruby-core:64954] [Feature #10227]
+
+Sun Sep 21 11:16:56 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (rbtime2vtdate, vtdate2rbtime): fix
+	  the bug in conversion of milliseconds. [Bug #10258]
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_variant.rb
+	  (test_conversion_dbl2date_with_msec,
+	  test_conversion_time2date_with_msec): use assert_in_delta instead
+	  of assert_equal to treat an acceptable error range.
+
+Sun Sep 21 11:03:32 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* signal.c (ruby_signal): although "EINVAL from sigaction(2) is
+	  not a bug", but even it is a failure.  pointed at toRuby/guRuby
+	  in RubyHiroba.
+
+Sat Sep 20 03:00:26 2014  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/tempfile.rb: define parameters appropriately and some
+	  refactoring.
+
+	* lib/tmpdir.rb: ditto.
+
+Sat Sep 20 23:58:21 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_chunk): Deprecate the state management.
+	  (enum_slice_before): Ditto.
+
+Sat Sep 20 15:39:11 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_slice_when): New method: Enumerable#slice_when.
+	  (slicewhen_i): New function.
+	  (slicewhen_ii): New function.
+
+	* enumerator.c (InitVM_Enumerator): New method:
+	  Enumerator::Lazy#slice_when.
+
+	  [ruby-core:62499] [Feature #9826]
+
+Sat Sep 20 11:55:19 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* .travis.yml: added new configurations for osx on travis ci.
+	  [fix GH-723]
+	* test/ruby/test_object.rb: tweaked to memory leak limit for osx build.
+
+Sat Sep 20 10:48:41 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (assoc): allow quoted ID as a key of a hash literal.
+	  [ruby-core:34453] [Feature #4276]
+
+Sat Sep 20 10:23:00 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_set_arguments): store local variable IDs in
+	  temporary list as Symbols.  previously these are stored as
+	  Fixnums to prevent from GC, but IDs of dynamic symbols can
+	  exceed Fixnum range and cause RangeError at inverting from
+	  Fixnum.  [ruby-dev:48564] [Bug #10266]
+
+Sat Sep 20 10:02:51 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/x509.rb (OpenSSL::X509::Name#pretty_print):
+	  New method.
+	  (OpenSSL::X509::Certificate#pretty_print): Ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/bn.rb (OpenSSL::BN#pretty_print): Ditto.
+
+Sat Sep 20 07:55:57 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (eval_string_with_cref): fix super from eval with
+	  scope.  set klass in the current control frame to the class of
+	  the receiver in the context to be evaluated, this class/module
+	  must match the actual receiver to call super.
+	  [ruby-core:65122] [Bug #10263]
+
+Fri Sep 19 20:06:00 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* symbol.c (rb_str_dynamic_intern): check if the stem ID of
+	  attrset ID is already registered as a static ID.
+	  [ruby-dev:48559] [Bug #10259]
+
+Fri Sep 19 15:48:09 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (VCSUP): nothing to do if this worktree is not
+	  under any VCS (it means that the worktree may be from the release
+	  package).
+
+Fri Sep 19 10:47:03 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_math.rb (TestMath#assert_infinity): Float#finite?
+	  returns true also for NaN, so use Float#infinite? instead.
+	  [ruby-core:65117] [Feature #10261]
+
+Fri Sep 19 05:36:16 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* NEWS: note --with-jemalloc option [ci skip]
+
+Thu Sep 18 16:26:27 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_setup_command.rb: @ui uses StringIO
+	  as its streams, and Encoding.default_external does not effect to
+	  StringIOs already exist.  so, we need to set external_encoding of
+	  @ui.outs directly.  this problem (test failure) does not appear in
+	  the environments default_external is us-ascii or utf-8.
+
+Thu Sep 18 15:02:15 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_specification.rb: '/' is not always the root.
+
+Thu Sep 18 09:36:37 2014  Scott Francis  <scott.francis@shopify.com>
+
+	* vm_method.c (Init_Method): make global method cache size
+	  configurable by environment variable
+	  "RUBY_GLOBAL_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE"  [Fix GH-719]
+
+Thu Sep 18 07:03:36 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/-ext-/string/test_modify_expand.rb: increase limit
+	  for {je,tc}malloc [Bug #10236]
+
+Thu Sep 18 06:41:18 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (struct gzfile): pack (288 => 272 bytes) on 64-bit
+
+Thu Sep 18 05:44:05 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_connect): refactor for blocking
+	  (wait_connectable): clear error before wait
+	  [Bug #9356]
+
+Wed Sep 17 23:12:36 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb: specify a regexp for :OPAQUE; generic.rb
+	  assumes it is present, and will refuse all values otherwise.
+	  by Matthew Draper <matthew@trebex.net>
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/718 fix GH-718
+
+Wed Sep 17 16:22:58 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (zlib_mem_alloc): check overflow
+
+Wed Sep 17 11:33:35 2014  Laurent Arnoud  <laurent@spkdev.net>
+
+	* test/fiddle/test_import.rb (Fiddle::TestImport#test_sizeof):
+	  added test for long long [fix GH-716]
+
+Wed Sep 17 11:09:21 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb: fixed invalid options with latest rubygems.
+	  https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/issues/1013
+
+Tue Sep 16 19:19:00 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_app_aobench.rb: update outdated links to the
+	  original program.  [ruby-dev:48550] [Feature #10247]
+
+Tue Sep 16 01:06:40 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* reg*.c: Merge Onigmo 5.15.0 38a870960aa7370051a3544
+
+Mon Sep 15 16:21:10 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* io.c (struct io_advise_struct): 32 => 24 bytes on 64-bit
+	* io.c (struct io_internal_writev_struct): 24 => 16 bytes on 64-bit
+	* process.c (struct waitpid_arg): ditto
+
+Mon Sep 15 10:29:25 2014  Natalie Weizenbaum  <nweiz@google.com>
+
+	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb (SAME_PATHS):
+	  Pathname#relative_path_from uses String#casecmp to compare strings
+	  on case-insensitive filesystem platforms (e.g., Windows). This can
+	  return nil for strings with different encodings, and the code
+	  previously assumed that it always returned a Fixnum.  [Fix GH-713]
+
+Mon Sep 15 09:43:18 2014  Sho Hashimoto  <sho.hsmt@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/import.rb (Fiddle::Importer#sizeof): fix typo,
+	  SIZEOF_LONG_LON.  [Fix GH-714]
+
+Mon Sep 15 08:13:40 2014  Matthew Draper  <matthew@trebex.net>
+
+	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): rational 'f' format works for more
+	  values.  [fix GH-717]
+
+Sun Sep 14 16:57:27 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* template/vm.inc.tmpl: "insns.c" => "insns.def"
+	* tool/instruction.rb: typo fix
+
+Sun Sep 14 12:29:52 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/test_tracer.rb: fixed testcase for rubygems update.
+
+Sun Sep 14 12:29:02 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems 2.4.1 master(713ab65)
+	  Complete history at:
+	  https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/blob/master/History.txt#L3-L216
+
+	* test/rubygems:  ditto.
+
+Sun Sep 14 11:03:24 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: update version
+	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: ditto
+
+Sun Sep 14 08:43:37 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ccan/container_of/container_of.h (container_of_or_null): added
+	  [ccan 7ec5b8e06b2fd5fa98b1fcde1158c286d2d429d8] (David Gibson)
+
+Sun Sep 14 08:41:44 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ccan/list/list.h (list_del_init, list_node_init): new functions
+	  for multiple list_del() calls
+	  [ccan ec8654d94d3c5c47aa5f82698f7e8048c79765b1] (Rusty Russell)
+
+Sat Sep 13 22:19:26 2014  Bernard Potocki  <bernard.potocki@imanel.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_aset): fix misleading example which may suggest
+	  that Hash.store will return self instead of value - Hash#store
+	  is returning value and update itself, as well as Hash#[]=.
+	  [Fix GH-715]
+
+Sat Sep 13 15:16:31 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* class.c: use ALLOC(rb_subclass_entry_t)
+
+Sat Sep 13 14:14:00 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* process.c (free_exec_arg): remove
+	  (memsize_exec_arg): ptr is never NULL
+	  (exec_arg_data_type): use RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE
+
+	* variable.c (autoload_i_free): remove
+	  (autoload_data_i_type): use RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE
+	  (autoload_memsize): ptr is never NULL
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c (location_free): remove
+	  (location_mark): ptr is never NULL
+	  (location_data_type): use RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE
+	  (backtrace_mark): ditto
+	  (backtrace_free): ditto
+
+Sat Sep 13 13:43:07 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* doc/NEWS-2.0.0: fix typo for default RUBY_FIBER_MACHINE_STACK_SIZE
+	  [ci skip]
+
+Sat Sep 13 11:16:58 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_event.c(ev_advise, ole_event_free,
+	  fev_s_allocate, fev_unadvise): avoid segmentation fault when COM
+	  server freed before calling Unadvise from WIN32OLE_EVENT object.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: ditto.
+
+Sat Sep 13 09:47:44 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* man/ruby.1: use https for *.ruby-lang.org links
+
+Sat Sep 13 06:31:23 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm.c (thread_alloc): remove needless volatile
+
+Sat Sep 13 06:13:55 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* proc.c (proc_free): remove, use RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE
+	  (proc_mark, proc_memsize): remove needless branching
+
+	* vm.c (env_free): remove, use RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE
+	  (env_mark, env_memsize): remove needless branching
+
+Sat Sep 13 05:52:15 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_proc_alloc): inline and move to vm.c
+	  (rb_proc_wrap): new wrapper function used by rb_proc_alloc
+	  (proc_dup): simplify alloc + copy + wrap operation
+	  [ruby-core:64994]
+
+	* vm.c (rb_proc_alloc): new inline function
+	  (rb_vm_make_proc): call rb_proc_alloc
+
+	* vm_core.h: remove rb_proc_alloc, add rb_proc_wrap
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_newlambda.rb: short test to show difference
+
+Sat Sep 13 04:40:04 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* process.c (Init_process): subclass Thread as Process::Waiter
+	  (rb_detach_process): use Process::Waiter instead of singleton class
+	  Thanks to headius and nobu. [Bug #10231]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_process_detach): new test
+
+	* inits.c (rb_call_inits): call Init_Thread before Init_process to
+	  ensure Process::Waiter may be a subclass of Thread
+
+Fri Sep 12 18:14:28 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm.c (env_alloc): inline to avoid extra zeroing
+	  tiny speedup [ruby-core:64980]
+
+Fri Sep 12 17:13:29 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_make, remove_method): ditto.
+
+Fri Sep 12 14:39:55 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: Upgraded to test-unit-3.0.1 and minitest-5.4.1
+
+Fri Sep 12 06:55:40 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* string.c (Init_frozen_strings): use st_init_table_with_size
+
+Fri Sep 12 06:15:37 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (sym_find): remove Symbol.find because we have Symbol GC now.
+	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby/wiki/DevelopersMeeting20140904Japan
+	  If you still want this, request again on Redmine. [Feature #7854]
+	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/7854
+
+	* ext/-test-/symbol/init.c (sym_find): moved from string.c for tests.
+
+Fri Sep 12 04:24:03 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* insns.def (once): define and use fake RUNNING_THREAD_ONCE_DONE
+	  pointer to indicate is->once.running_thread is done.
+
+	* vm_core.h (iseq_inline_storage_entry): remove done field,
+	  allowing the union to be reduced from 24=>16 bytes on 64-bit
+	  [Feature #10187]
+
+Thu Sep 11 20:10:00 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_thread_mark): use rb_gc_mark_values() to mark VM stack.
+
+Thu Sep 11 19:50:57 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_register_special_exception): make new function to
+	  make and register special exceptions.
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_mark): do not need to mark special exceptions
+	  because they are registered by rb_gc_register_mark_object().
+
+	* eval.c (Init_eval): use rb_vm_register_special_exception().
+
+	* gc.c (Init_GC): ditto.
+
+	* proc.c (Init_Proc): ditto.
+
+	* thread.c (Init_Thread): ditto.
+
+Thu Sep 11 19:32:30 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_gc_mark_values): added.
+	  This function is similar to rb_gc_mark_locations(), but not
+	  conservative.
+
+	* internal.h: ditto.
+
+	* vm.c (env_mark): use rb_gc_mark_values() because env values should
+	  be Ruby VALUEs.
+
+Thu Sep 11 19:16:39 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_ptr): rename to gc_mark_set.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark): add gc_mark_ptr() to skip is_markable_object()
+	  check. gc_mark_maybe() can use gc_mark_ptr() directly because
+	  passed pointer is checked by is_pointer_to_heap().
+
+Thu Sep 11 18:40:16 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* .gitignore: ignored temporary files and coverage results.
+
+Thu Sep 11 18:15:30 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* .gitignore: ignored only simplecov.
+	* coverage/README: Added coverage docs.
+
+Thu Sep 11 17:25:31 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h, gc.c: add new internal events
+	  RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_GC_ENTER and
+	  RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_GC_EXIT.
+
+	  When invoking GC process, GC_ENTER event is called.
+	  When exiting from GC process, GC_EXIT event is called.
+
+	  Incremental GC (incremental marking and lazy sweep) can call
+	  these events many times.
+
+	  For example (minor marking):
+	  (1) GC_ENTER
+	  - (2) GC_START (minor GC)
+	    (minor marking)
+	  - (3) GC_END_MARK
+	    (start lazy sweep)
+	  (4) GC_EXIT
+	    (ruby process)
+	  (5) GC_ENTER
+	    (lazy sweep)
+	  (6) GC_EXIT
+	    (ruby process)
+	    (... repeat (5), (6))
+	  (7) GC_ENTER
+	      (finish lazy sweep)
+	    - (8) GC_END_SWEEP
+	  (9) GC_EXIT
+
+	  2nd example (incremental major marking):
+	  (1) GC_ENTER
+	  - (2) GC_START (minor GC)
+	    (start incremental marking)
+	  (3) GC_EXIT
+	    (ruby process)
+	  (4) GC_ENTER
+	    (incremental marking)
+	  (5) GC_EXIT
+	     (ruby process)
+	     (... repeat (4), (5))
+	  (6) GC_ENTER
+	    (finish incremental marking)
+	  - (7) GC_END_MARK
+	    (start lazy sweep)
+	  (8) GC_EXIT
+	    (ruby process)
+	  (9) GC_ENTER
+	    (lazy sweep)
+	  (10) GC_EXIT
+	    (ruby process)
+	    (... repeat (9), (10))
+	  (11) GC_ENTER
+	    (finish lazy marking)
+	  - (12) GC_STOP_SWEEP
+	  (13) GC_EXIT
+
+	  These internal events enable to measure GC pause time completely.
+
+Thu Sep 11 17:04:54 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* lib/benchmark.rb: remove CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW support
+	  Thanks to Vit Ondruch for reporting the issue on ARM.
+	  [Bug #10202]
+
+Thu Sep 11 14:31:57 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: freeze nil/true/false.
+	  [Feature #8923]
+
+	* gc.c (should_be_finalizable): check frozen after checkin FL_ABLE.
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_taint): check
+	  OBJ_TAINTABLE(obj).
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_freeze): remove immediate_frozen_tbl
+	  because all of immediate values are frozen. YAY!
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_frozen_p): ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_eval.rb: skip instance_variable_set for
+	  frozen objects.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_weakmap.rb: check ArgumentError instead of
+	  RuntimeError.
+
+Thu Sep 11 10:03:16 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rdoc.rb, lib/rdoc, test/rdoc: Update to RDoc 4.2.0.alpha(21b241a)
+
+Wed Sep 10 17:52:25 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (rb_vm_addr2insn): rename to rb_vm_insn_addr2insn
+	  to clear what address.
+
+Wed Sep 10 16:22:26 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: fix condition.
+
+Wed Sep 10 15:29:46 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_call_info_t): ci->flag becomes 32-bit unsigned int
+	  ci->index becomes a 32-bit signed int (from signed long).
+	  Reorder for better packing on 64-bit, giving an 8 byte reduction
+	  from 104 to 96 bytes for each ci.
+	  [Feature #10187]
+
+	* compile.c (new_callinfo, setup_args, iseq_compile_each,
+	  iseq_build_from_ary_body): adjust for type changes
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_getivar): ditto
+
+Wed Sep 10 15:07:35 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* compile.c (rb_iseq_translate_threaded_code):
+	  modify in-place w/o copy
+	  (rb_vm_addr2insn): new function for debug
+	  (rb_iseq_original_iseq): ditto
+	  (iseq_set_sequence): assign iseq_encoded directly
+	  [Feature #10185]
+
+	* vm_core (rb_iseq_t): move original ->iseq to bottom
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_free, iseq_free): adjust for new layout
+	  (rb_iseq_disasm): use original iseq for dump
+	  (iseq_data_to_ary): ditto
+	  (rb_iseq_line_trace_each): ditto
+	  (rb_iseq_build_for_ruby2cext): use iseq_encoded directly
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vmdebug_debug_print_pre): use original iseq
+
+Wed Sep 10 15:00:11 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* time.c (time_mark): remove NULL check
+	  (time_memsize): ditto
+	  (time_free): remove, use RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE instead
+	  [Feature #10219]
+
+Wed Sep 10 14:14:57 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (encs enc trans libencs libenc libtrans): force to run
+	  enk.mk because common.mk does not know the dependency, but enk.mk
+	  knows. [ruby-dev:48530] [Bug #10220]
+
+Wed Sep 10 11:59:10 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_stat): update rdoc.
+
+Wed Sep 10 11:52:08 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): rename:
+	  * malloc_increase -> malloc_increase_bytes
+	  * malloc_limit -> malloc_increase_bytes_limit
+	  * oldmalloc_increase -> oldmalloc_increase_bytes
+	  * oldmalloc_limit -> oldmalloc_increase_bytes_limit
+	  ref: [Feature #9924]
+
+Wed Sep 10 11:45:40 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): rename `heap_used' to `heap_allocated_pages'.
+	  ref: [Feature #9924]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: add constraints test for gc stat information.
+
+Wed Sep 10 11:31:16 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): rename:
+	  * remembered_shady_object -> remembered_wb_unprotected_objects
+	  * remembered_shady_object_limit -> remembered_wb_unprotected_objects_limit
+	  * old_object -> old_objects
+	  * old_object_limit -> old_objects_limit
+	  ref: [Feature #9924]
+
+Wed Sep 10 11:12:25 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): support:
+	  * total_allocated_pages
+	  * total_freed_pages
+	  ref: [Feature #9924]
+
+Wed Sep 10 10:48:04 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: catch up last fix.
+
+Wed Sep 10 10:36:08 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (objspace_total_slot): rename objspace_available_slots.
+
+	* gc.c (objspace_live_slot, objspace_free_slot): rename
+	  ..._slot() to ..._slots().
+
+	* gc.c (objspace_free_slot): should subtract heap_pages_final_slots.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal):
+	  * add `heap_available_slots' field
+	  * rename heap_live_slot to heap_live_slots
+	  * rename heap_free_slot to heap_free_slots
+	  ref: [Feature #9924]
+
+Wed Sep 10 07:22:53 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: refactoring for RGENGC_PROFILE > 0.
+
+	  * rename rb_objspace_t::profile::..._count
+	    to rb_objspace_t::profile::total_..._count
+	  * rename promote_infant_types to promote_types
+
+	* gc.c (gc_remember_unprotected): count remembered shady objects here.
+
+Wed Sep 10 03:12:12 2014  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (init_mark_stack): MEMZERO() receive type as 2nd argument instead
+	  of size.
+	  Coverity Scan found this bug.
+
+Tue Sep  9 21:55:39 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/sample/excel2.rb: remove some commented-out code.
+	  rotate graph more slowly to see graph clearly.
+
+Tue Sep  9 19:52:33 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: rename rb_objspace_t::marked_objects to marked_slots.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_marks_start): should be clear first.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_marks_start): remembered shady objects are also marked.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): add heap_marked_slots.
+
+Tue Sep  9 18:58:48 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: rename
+	  * total_allocated_object_num -> total_allocated_objects
+	  * total_allocated_object_num_at_gc_start -> total_allocated_objects_at_gc_start
+	  * total_freed_object_num -> total_freed_objects
+
+	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal):
+	  * rename total_allocated_object -> total_allocated_objects
+	  * rename total_freed_object -> total_freed_objects
+
+Tue Sep  9 18:51:36 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): fix symbol names
+	  * heap_final_slot -> heap_final_slots
+	  * heap_swept_slot -> heap_swept_slots
+
+Tue Sep  9 18:18:07 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace_t::heap_pages): rename field names:
+	  * used -> allocated_pages
+	  * increment -> allocatable_pages
+	  * length -> sorted_length
+	  And remove unused `limit' field.
+
+	* gc.c: rename macros:
+	  * heap_pages_used -> heap_allocated_pages
+	  * heap_pages_length -> heap_pages_sorted_length
+	  * heap_pages_increment -> heap_allocatable_pages
+
+	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): fix symbol names
+	  * heap_used -> heap_allocated_pages
+	  * heap_eden_page_length -> heap_eden_pages
+	  * heap_tomb_page_length -> heap_tomb_pages
+	  * heap_increment -> heap_allocatable_pages
+	  * heap_length -> heap_sorted_length
+
+	  ref: [Feature #9924]
+	  https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11Ua4uBr6o0k-nORrZLEIIUkHJ9JRzRR0NyZfrhEEnc8/edit?usp=sharing
+	  Yellow color fields in this table are changed.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: catch up this change.
+
+Tue Sep  9 14:56:03 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: continue layout changing.
+
+	  newobj_of() also touch:
+	  (4) increment total_allocated_object_num
+	  (5) check hook_events
+
+	  And gather fields related to marking phase.
+
+Tue Sep  9 14:21:50 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: fix layout of rb_objspace_t to improve cache locality.
+
+	  newobj_of() accesses:
+	  (1) rb_objspace_t::flags
+	  (2) rb_objspace_t::eden_heap::freelist
+	  (3) and rb_objspace_t::eden_heap::free_pages if freelist is NULL.
+
+Tue Sep  9 14:09:36 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: move rb_objspace_t::flags::gc_stressful after during_gc
+	  to make accessing both parameters easy.
+
+	* gc.c (heap_get_freeobj): add LIKELY() hint.
+
+	* gc.c (heap_get_freeobj_from_next_freepage): ditto.
+
+	* gc.c (newobj_of): check both parameters at once for exceptional
+	  case.
+
+Tue Sep  9 13:51:32 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: add rb_objspace_t::flags::gc_stressful and
+	  ruby_gc_stressful macro.
+	  Rename objspace->gc_stress to objspace->gc_stress_mode.
+
+	  If objspace->gc_stress_mode is true (!nil and !false) then
+	  ruby_gc_stressful becomes TRUE.
+
+	  ruby_gc_stressful will speedup newobj_of() slightly.
+
+	* gc.c: initialize ruby_gc_stress(full|_mode) by gc_params.gc_stress
+	  even if ENABLE_VM_OBJSPACE is false.
+
+Tue Sep  9 13:05:50 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: remove ruby_disable_gc_stress and add ruby_disable_gc
+	  to speed-up newobj_of().
+
+	* gc.c (ready_to_gc): check ruby_disable_gc.
+
+	* signal.c: use ruby_disable_gc.
+
+Tue Sep  9 12:11:41 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: rename gc_stat entries and check stat transition.
+
+Tue Sep  9 12:06:03 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_sweep_rest): remove wrong modification of during_gc flag.
+
+Tue Sep  9 11:39:41 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: pack boolean values into rb_objspace_t::flags with bit fields
+	  to improve cache locality.
+
+Tue Sep  9 11:11:05 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_object.rb: extend timeout.
+
+Tue Sep  9 09:02:07 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#pkg_config): append --cflags to also
+	  $CXXFLAGS, as they are often used by C++ compiler.
+	  [ruby-core:54532] [Bug #8315]
+
+Tue Sep  9 07:03:22 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* compile.c: remove needless SYM2ID <-> ID2SYM conversions
+	  [misc #10207]
+
+Tue Sep  9 05:48:42 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* symbol.c (rb_intern_cstr_without_pindown): check dsymbol on return
+	  This is not a complete fix for bug 10206, but seems to reduce
+	  that crash and also looks correct.
+
+Tue Sep  9 04:36:24 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_env_t): use flexible array
+	  This reduces allocations and speeds up the lambda calculus
+	  fizzbuzz (bm_app_lc_fizzbuzz.rb) benchmark [ruby-core:64858]
+	* proc.c (get_local_variable_ptr): deconst to adjust for flex array
+	* vm.c (env_mark, env_free, env_memsize): remove check for env->env
+	* vm.c (env_alloc): single allocation for flex array
+	* vm.c (vm_make_env_each): adjust env_alloc call
+
+Mon Sep  8 16:08:22 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_app_lc_fizzbuzz.rb: should skip output on benchmark.
+
+Mon Sep  8 16:04:02 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_app_lc_fizzbuzz.rb: `answer.to_a' does not return
+	  a string, but an array.
+
+Mon Sep  8 13:18:37 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_app_lc_fizzbuzz.rb: added.
+
+	  This program is described closely in "Understanding Computation"
+	  chapter 6 by Tom Stuart. <http://computationbook.com/>
+
+	  Japanese translation will be published soon.
+	  <http://www.oreilly.co.jp/books/9784873116976/>
+
+Mon Sep  8 12:01:39 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: add incremental GC algorithm. [Feature #10137]
+
+	  Please refer this ticket for details.
+
+	  This change also introduces the following changes.
+
+	  * Remove RGENGC_AGE2_PROMOTION and introduce object age (0 to 3).
+	    Age can be count with FL_PROMOTE0 and FL_PROMOTE1 flags in
+	    RBasic::flags (2 bit). Age == 3 objects become old objects.
+	  * WB_PROTECTED flag in RBasic to WB_UNPROTECTED bitmap.
+	  * LONG_LIVED bitmap to represent living objects while minor GCs
+	    It specifies (1) Old objects and (2) remembered shady objects.
+	  * Introduce rb_objspace_t::marked_objects which counts marked
+	    objects in current marking phase. marking count is needed to
+	    introduce incremental marking.
+	  * rename mark related function and sweep related function to
+	    gc_(marks|sweep)_(start|finish|step|rest|continue).
+	  * rename rgengc_report() to gc_report().
+	  * Add obj_info() function to get cstr of object details.
+	  * Add MEASURE_LINE() macro to measure execution time of specific line.
+	  * and many small fixes.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: add flag USE_RINCGC.
+	  Now USE_RINCGC can be set only with USE_RGENGC.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: introduce FL_PROMOTED0 and add FL_PROMOTED1
+	  to count object age.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: rewrite write barriers for incremental marking.
+
+	* debug.c: catch up flag name changes.
+
+	* internal.h: add rb_gc_writebarrier_remember() instead of
+	  rb_gc_writebarrier_remember_promoted().
+
+	* array.c (ary_memcpy0): use rb_gc_writebarrier_remember().
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_modify): ditto.
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_keys): ditto.
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_values): ditto.
+
+	* object.c (init_copy): use rb_copy_wb_protected_attribute() because
+	  FL_WB_PROTECTED is moved from RBasic::flags.
+
+	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb: catch up ObjectSpace.dump() changes.
+
+Sun Sep  7 12:47:06 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c: PTHREAD_CANCEL_DISABLE is not defined on Android.
+
+Sat Sep  6 20:59:06 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (has_privilege): The gid zero is not a privilege.
+
+Sat Sep  6 20:19:16 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (struct child_handler_disabler_state): cancelstate field
+	  added.
+	  (disable_child_handler_before_fork): Record cancelstate.
+	  (disable_child_handler_fork_parent): Restore cancelstate.
+
+Sat Sep  6 19:27:10 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (struct child_handler_disabler_state): Defined.
+
+Sat Sep  6 18:31:32 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rake.rb, lib/rake/*, test/rake/*: Update latest rake master(e47d023)
+
+Sat Sep  6 16:38:08 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variant.c (ole_val2variant_err,
+	  ole_val2variantdata, Init_win32ole_variant): support VT_ERROR
+	  variant with error code. add WIN32OLE_VARIANT::NoParam.
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_variant.rb(test_c_noparam,
+	  test_vt_error_noparam): ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: ditto.
+
+Sat Sep  6 11:08:52 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (arg_ambiguous_gen): fix warning message, "even" does
+	  not mean the number of spaces here.  state the place to put a
+	  space and the operator.  [ruby-core:64790] [Bug #10204]
+
+Sat Sep  6 08:44:40 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/generator/template/darkfish/js/jquery.js: Backport
+	  rdoc/rdoc@74f60fcb04fee1778fe2694d1a0ea6513f8e67b7
+
+Sat Sep  6 08:10:44 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_readpartial_locktmp): use IO#nonblock=
+	  Old fcntl invocation may drop necessary flags on some platforms.
+
+Sat Sep  6 07:46:51 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_readpartial_locktmp): avoid EBADF
+	  [ruby-core:64773] [ruby-core:64775]
+
+Sat Sep  6 01:34:31 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (rb_f_exec): Call before_exec_async_signal_safe and
+	  after_exec_async_signal_safe around rb_exec_async_signal_safe.
+	  (rb_exec_async_signal_safe): Don't call
+	  before_exec_async_signal_safe and after_exec_async_signal_safe.
+	  (rb_exec_without_timer_thread): Call before_exec and
+	  after_exec.
+	  (disable_child_handler_fork_child): Make SIGPIPE handler SIG_DFL.
+
+Sat Sep  6 00:49:41 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* signal.c (ruby_signal): Don't set SA_SIGINFO for SIG_IGN and
+	  SIG_DFL.
+
+Fri Sep  5 21:45:33 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (disable_child_handler_before_fork): New function.
+	  (disable_child_handler_fork_parent): Ditto.
+	  (disable_child_handler_fork_child): Ditto.
+	  (retry_fork_async_signal_safe): Call above functions to disable
+	  signal handlers in child process.
+
+Fri Sep  5 21:02:54 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (handle_fork_error): Make try_gc_p argument volatile to
+	  suppress "clobbered" warning.
+
+Fri Sep  5 20:48:06 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (handle_fork_error): Don't need state_p argument.
+
+Fri Sep  5 20:35:52 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (has_privilege): Fix a return value.
+
+Fri Sep  5 19:00:40 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/shellwords.rb: proofreading documentation.
+	  [Bug #10155][ruby-core:64471]
+
+Fri Sep  5 18:34:33 2014  Laurent Arnoud  <laurent@spkdev.net>
+
+	* test/csv/test_row.rb: Added some missing tests in CSV.
+	  [fix GH-710]
+	* test/csv/test_table.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Sep  5 12:57:52 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (has_privilege): Refine uid/gid check.
+
+Fri Sep  5 12:40:55 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* configure.in: Check sys/id.h, getuidx and getgidx for AIX.
+
+	* process.c (getresuid): Defined for AIX.
+	  (getresgid): Ditto
+	  AIX don't have getresuid/getresgid but getuidx/getgidx.
+
+Fri Sep  5 12:28:21 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (has_privilege): Fix assignments.
+
+Fri Sep  5 11:10:13 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/generator/pot/po.rb: fixed broken tests for trailing whitespace.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_generator_pot.rb: ditto.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_generator_pot_po.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Sep  5 10:41:07 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_rdoc.rb (TestRDocRDoc#test_parse_file_encoding):
+	  typofix.
+
+Fri Sep  5 10:39:14 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rdoc.rb, lib/rdoc, test/rdoc: Update to RDoc 4.2.0.alpha(313287)
+
+Fri Sep  5 06:04:22 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm.c: remove unused USE_THREAD_RECYCLE [misc #10198]
+
+Fri Sep  5 00:29:08 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* configure.in (dirfd): Check function.
+
+	* dir.c (dir_fileno): New method.
+	  [ruby-dev:48265] [Feature #9880]
+
+Thu Sep  4 23:39:52 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (has_privilege): New function.
+	  (retry_fork_async_signal_safe): Don't use vfork() for privileged
+	  process.
+
+	* configure.in (getresuid): Check function.
+	  (getresgid): Ditto.
+
+Thu Sep  4 20:22:14 2014  Laurent Arnoud  <laurent@spkdev.net>
+
+	* test/pathname/test_pathname.rb: added testcase for Pathname#mountpoint?.
+	  [fix GH-709]
+
+Thu Sep  4 20:09:21 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* symbian/*: removed Symbian support.
+	  [Feature #10199][ruby-core:64725]
+	* dln.c: ditto.
+	* include/ruby/defines.h: ditto.
+	* thread_pthread.c: ditto.
+	* vm.c: ditto.
+
+Thu Sep  4 17:44:40 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* dir.c (glob_helper): use #ifdef instead of #if.
+	  gcc's -Wundef option shows warning for undefined macro.
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_is_finite_p): ditto.
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vmdebug_thread_dump_state): ditto.
+
+	* vm_core.h: define VM_DEBUG_VERIFY_METHOD_CACHE to 0.
+
+Thu Sep  4 03:57:46 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* man/ruby.1: spelling fix ("bellow" => "below") [ci-skip]
+
+Thu Sep  4 03:52:16 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* man/ruby.1: add trailing slash to URLs [ci-skip]
+
+Wed Sep  3 19:10:28 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (before_fork_ruby): Renamed from before_fork.
+	  (after_fork_ruby): Renamed from after_fork.
+
+Wed Sep  3 18:56:05 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (forked_child): Removed.
+
+Wed Sep  3 16:56:07 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_copy_ivar): allocate no memory for empty
+	  instance variables.  [ruby-core:64700] [Bug #10191]
+
+Wed Sep  3 12:05:17 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (retry_fork_async_signal_safe): Use vfork() if available.
+	  vfork() is still faster than fork() especially when the parent
+	  process uses big memory.
+
+	  ruby -rbenchmark -e 'a = "a" * 1_000_000_000; puts Benchmark.measure { system("true") }'
+	  fork:   0.000000   0.010000   0.010000 (  0.014968)
+	  vfork:  0.000000   0.000000   0.000000 (  0.000912)
+	  on Debian sid.
+
+Wed Sep  3 11:33:08 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_rsa.rb (OpenSSL#test_sign_verify_memory_leak):
+	  added timeout into testcase for low performance environment.
+	  [Bug #9984][ruby-core:63367]
+
+Wed Sep  3 07:50:15 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* configure.in: Use AC_FUNC_FORK.
+
+	* io.c: Use HAVE_WORKING_FORK instead of HAVE_FORK.
+
+	* process.c: Ditto.
+
+Wed Sep  3 00:12:44 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (retry_fork_async_signal_safe): Don't return on in child
+	  process.
+
+Tue Sep  2 23:47:35 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (retry_fork_async_signal_safe): Specialized version of
+	  retry_fork respect to rb_fork_async_signal_safe.
+	  (retry_fork_ruby): Specialized version of retry_fork respect to
+	  rb_fork_ruby.
+	  (rb_fork_ruby): Removed.
+
+Tue Sep  2 23:26:26 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (send_child_error): Simplified.
+	  (recv_child_error): Ditto.
+
+Tue Sep  2 22:56:25 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (rb_fork_async_signal_safe): Inline rb_fork_internal.
+	  (rb_fork_ruby): Ditto.
+	  (rb_fork_internal): Removed.
+	  (chfunc_protect): Removed.
+
+Tue Sep  2 22:43:52 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_new_with_block): Set autoclose to avoid
+	  EBADF.
+
+Tue Sep  2 22:01:51 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (update-coverage): Remove a never executed line.
+
+Tue Sep  2 19:48:26 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (handle_fork_error): Extracted from retry_fork.
+
+Tue Sep  2 17:02:53 2014  Vit Ondruch  <v.ondruch@tiscali.cz>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb: fixed error of local installation.
+	  [Bug #10192][ruby-core:64702]
+
+Tue Sep  2 16:58:03 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/runner.rb: reporting test coverage for test-all with COVERAGE env.
+	  [Feature #10189][ruby-core:64681][fix GH-708]
+	* Makefile.in: added task for coverage report.
+	* common.mk: added definition of forked simplecov url.
+	* .gitignore: ignored coverage directory.
+
+Mon Sep  1 20:11:02 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (rbtime2vtdate): try to convert millisecond
+	  of Time object to millisecond of VT_DATE VARIANT.
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_variant.rb
+	  (test_conversion_time2date_with_msec): ditto.
+
+Sun Aug 31 16:58:49 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/benchmark.rb: Fix a syntax error.
+
+Sun Aug 31 08:46:44 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (gzfile_reset): preserve ZSTREAM_FLAG_GZFILE
+	  [Bug #10101]
+
+	* test/zlib/test_zlib.rb (test_rewind): test each_byte
+
+Sat Aug 30 19:22:47 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* symbol.c (rb_sym2id): do not return garbage object
+
+Sat Aug 30 06:39:48 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: fix NameError dumping and
+	  loading. Fixes GH #85. Thanks @brentdax for the patch!
+	* test/psych/test_exception.rb: test for fix
+
+Sat Aug 30 06:23:40 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb: fix loading strings that
+	  look like integers but have a newline. Fixes GH #189
+	* test/psych/test_string.rb: test for fix
+
+Sat Aug 30 06:10:39 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: merge keys with a hash
+	  should merge the hash in to the parent.
+	* test/psych/test_merge_keys.rb: test for change. Fixes GH #202
+
+Sat Aug 30 06:00:26 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: quoted "<<" strings
+	  should not be treated as merge keys.
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: hashes with keys
+	  containing "<<" should roundtrip.
+	* test/psych/test_merge_keys.rb: test for change. Fixes GH #203
+
+Fri Aug 29 17:56:44 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/net/imap/test_imap_response_parser.rb: removed needless code.
+
+Fri Aug 29 17:36:58 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb: removed useless assignment variables.
+	* test/rss/rss-assertions.rb: ditto.
+	* test/rss/test_maker_itunes.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Aug 29 16:18:26 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* string.c: revert part of r47311, add rb_vm_fstring_table(),
+	  remove vm_core.h dependency. [ruby-core:64627]
+
+Fri Aug 29 15:17:13 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* string.c: remove static frozen_strings
+	* string.c (Init_frozen_strings): new function
+	* string.c (rb_fstring): remove check for frozen strings,
+	  use per-VM table
+	* string.c (rb_str_free): use per-VM table
+	* string.c (Init_String): use per-VM table
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_t): add frozen_strings table
+	* internal.h (Init_frozen_strings): new function prototype
+	* eval.c (ruby_setup): call Init_frozen_strings
+	  [Feature #10182]
+
+Wed Aug 27 23:10:24 2014  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/tempfile.rb: remove "require 'thread'". its features are no
+	  longer used.
+
+Wed Aug 27 21:19:40 2014  gogo tanaka  <mail@tanakakazuki.com>
+
+	* lib/drb/acl.rb: Removed meaningless #to_s methods in interpolation.
+	  [Feature #10174][ruby-core:64584]
+	* lib/erb.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/observer.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/rake/invocation_chain.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/rubygems/command_manager.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/rubygems/config_file.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/uri/common.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Aug 27 21:08:20 2014  gogo tanaka  <mail@tanakakazuki.com>
+
+	* lib/drb/drb.rb: use attr_reader instead of Module#attr.
+	  [Feature #10172][ruby-core:64582]
+	* lib/irb/ruby-token.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/net/telnet.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/rdoc/ruby_token.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/thwait.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Aug 27 19:52:33 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (vtdate2rbtime): try to convert millisecond
+	  of VT_DATE VARIANT to nsec of Time object.
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_variant.rb
+	  (test_conversion_dbl2date_with_msec): ditto.
+
+Wed Aug 27 09:57:29 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_complex.rb: removed unreachable code.
+	* test/ruby/test_rational.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Aug 27 07:59:17 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_set_sequence): check for multiplication overflow
+
+Tue Aug 26 22:07:42 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_complex.rb: cherry-picked working assertions from r47251.
+	* test/ruby/test_rational.rb: cherry-picked working assertions from r47263.
+
+Tue Aug 26 21:07:56 2014  gogo tanaka  <mail@tanakakazuki.com>
+
+	* lib/mathn.rb (Fixnum#**, Bignum#**, Float#**, Rational#**):
+	  remove as these are now built-in.  [ruby-core:63973] [Bug #10086]
+
+Tue Aug 26 20:46:55 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* time.c (rb_time_unmagnify_to_float): Avoid double rounding.
+	  Reported by Tsuyoshi Sawada.
+	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/10135#note-1
+
+Tue Aug 26 17:12:47 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (io_close): ignore only "closed stream" IOError and
+	  NoMethodError, do not swallow other exceptions at the end of
+	  block.  [ruby-core:64463] [Bug #10153]
+
+Tue Aug 26 13:46:33 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* template/fake.rb.in: fix failed to make install when @srcdir@ is
+	  absolute path.
+
+Tue Aug 26 13:43:50 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_range.rb: added workaround for VERBOSE message.
+
+Tue Aug 26 12:38:02 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/test_mathn.rb: added workaround for VERBOSE messages.
+
+Tue Aug 26 11:44:04 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/shell/process-controller.rb: removed commented-out code.
+
+Tue Aug 26 11:39:01 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/thwait.rb (ThreadsWait): removed needless constant.
+
+Tue Aug 26 09:27:10 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/mathn.rb: mathn library is deprecated on ruby 2.2.
+	  [Feature #10169][ruby-core:64553]
+
+Tue Aug 26 09:25:03 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/mathn.rb: removed commented-out code.
+
+Mon Aug 25 20:15:50 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c(fole_s_connect, fole_initialize): raise a
+	  security error with the tainted string object.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_event.c(ev_advise): ditto.
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole.rb(test_s_new_exc_svr_tainted,
+	  test_s_new_exc_host_tainted): ditto.
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_event.rb(test_s_new_exc_tainted): ditto.
+
+Mon Aug 25 12:56:54 2014  Ivan Korunkov  <ivankorunkov@ya.ru>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb (format_datetime): use "%6N" to show microsecond.
+	  [Fix GH-704]
+
+Mon Aug 25 11:02:07 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_iseq_location_t): change first_lineno type to VALUE
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_build_for_ruby2cext): update based on argument
+
+Sun Aug 24 16:14:46 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/e2mmap.rb: remove needless instance variables.
+	* lib/irb.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/irb/**/*.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/shell.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Aug 24 12:44:26 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_complex.rb: removed needless conditions.
+	* test/ruby/test_rational.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Aug 24 11:47:39 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rational.rb: fixed indent.
+
+Sun Aug 24 11:44:11 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rational.rb: remove commented-out code.
+
+Sun Aug 24 11:09:29 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* lib/benchmark.rb (measure): reduce allocations as in r47260
+
+Sun Aug 24 10:35:54 2014  Pete Higgins  <pete@peterhiggins.org>
+
+	* lib/benchmark.rb (module Benchmark): define BENCHMARK_CLOCK
+	  (realtime): use Process.clock_gettime(BENCHMARK_CLOCK)
+	  Reduces allocations to improve performance [Feature #10165]
+
+	* test/benchmark/test_benchmark.rb (test_realtime_output): new test
+
+Fri Aug 22 20:23:54 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* string.c (rb_fstring): fix condition (easy to cause infinite loop!).
+
+Fri Aug 22 20:07:43 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* string.c (rb_fstring, fstr_update_callback): simply delete garbage
+	  key first.
+
+	  Garbage keys can be swept by lazy sweeping invoked by creating new
+	  fstring.  So that simply do:
+	  (1) delete garbage key and return `fstr_update_callback' immediately
+	  (2) try again `fstr_update_callback()' to create a new fstr.
+
+	  This bug can be cause memory corruption, reported by
+	  http://u64.rubyci.org/~chkbuild/ruby-trunk/log/20140821T220302Z.fail.html.gz
+
+Fri Aug 22 19:30:39 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_complex.rb: removed commented-out code.
+
+Fri Aug 22 19:25:28 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_complex.rb: fixed broken tests. Math is not
+	  compatible CMath now.
+
+Fri Aug 22 15:36:09 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (Doxyfile): revert r43888, not to require preinstalled
+	  ruby.  [ruby-core:64488] [Bug #10161]
+
+Fri Aug 22 12:32:15 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/shell.rb: removed commented-out code.
+	* lib/shell/builtin-command.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/shell/command-processor.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Aug 22 12:21:46 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/complex.rb: removed deprecated library.
+	* lib/rational.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Aug 22 11:38:49 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/prettyprint.rb: removed PrettyPrint#first?
+	  because it is obsoleted method since Ruby 1.8.2
+
+Thu Aug 21 17:10:31 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (constat_attr): manage reverse video internally
+	  since Windows console window does not manage it.  based on the
+	  patch by white leaf in [ruby-dev:48483].  [Bug #10158]
+
+Thu Aug 21 14:45:41 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/e2mmap.rb: removed commented-out code.
+
+Thu Aug 21 13:23:34 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rinda/ring.rb: split executable code into sample directory.
+	* sample/rinda-ring.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu Aug 21 13:21:45 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/drb/acl.rb: split executable code into sample directory.
+	* sample/drb/acl.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu Aug 21 12:55:35 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* .gitignore: ignored temporary file for Changelog.
+	  http://mkosaki.blog46.fc2.com/blog-entry-1284.html
+
+Thu Aug 21 12:40:22 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb: split executable code into sample directory.
+	* sample/net-imap.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu Aug 21 12:23:56 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb: removed commented-out code.
+
+Wed Aug 20 17:27:02 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS, RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS),
+	  (RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_SETJMP, RUBY_SETJMP_TYPE),
+	  (RUBY_STACK_GROW_DIRECTION): quote defun names, for some
+	  versions of autoconf possibly.  [ruby-core:64473] [Bug #10156]
+
+Tue Aug 19 22:28:32 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): fix condition to round.
+	  [ruby-core:64454] [Bug #10151]
+
+Tue Aug 19 22:22:45 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/trans/euckr-tbl.rb (EUCKR_TO_UCS_TBL): add missing euro and
+	  registered signs.  [ruby-core:64452] [Bug #10149]
+
+Tue Aug 19 13:59:43 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compar.c (rb_cmperr): preserve encodings of arguments in the
+	  message.
+
+Tue Aug 19 10:13:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/thread/thread.c (get_array): check instance variables are
+	  initialized properly.  [ruby-core:63826][Bug #10062]
+
+Mon Aug 18 17:06:27 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): support rational 'f' format.
+	  [ruby-core:64382] [Bug #10136]
+
+Mon Aug 18 08:03:46 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* spec/default.mspec: use 2.2 definition.
+
+Sun Aug 17 19:41:40 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* gc.c (obj_memsize_of): don't calculate memsize of T_NODE
+	  when called from check_gen_consistency. It fixes segmentation
+	  fault on RGENGC_CHECK_MODE >= 1 introduced by r47188.
+
+Sun Aug 17 17:08:12 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_invoke): use RHASH_SIZE instead of
+	  calling Hash#length method.
+
+Sat Aug 16 19:32:06 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_event.c (evs_length): use RARRAY_LEN instead
+	  of calling Array#length method.
+
+Sat Aug 16 10:20:17 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* time.c (time_timespec): fix tv_nsec overflow
+	  [Bug #10144]
+
+Fri Aug 15 20:34:17 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate WIN32OLE_EVENT src from
+	  win32ole.c.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_event.c: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_event.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
+
+Fri Aug 15 19:38:00 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_clone): Should not insert write barrier from
+	  non-RVALUE data (to non-RVALUE data, of course).
+
+	  Ruby 2.1 also has a same problem.
+
+Fri Aug 15 19:34:33 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* string.c (setup_fake_str): fake strings should not set class by
+	  RBASIC_SET_CLASS() because it insert write barriers to fake
+	  (non-RVALUE) structure.
+
+	  It can cause unexpected behaviour.
+
+	  Ruby 2.1 also have a same problem (setup_fake_str() in parse.y).
+
+	* symbol.c (setup_fake_str): ditto.
+
+Fri Aug 15 19:27:25 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_tmp_new_fill): added.
+	  This function creates internal use only array (which is completely
+	  hided by ObjectSpace.each_object) with filling nil.
+
+	  Otherwise, it can be includes strange VALUEs.
+
+	* internal.h: added.
+
+	* node.h: use rb_ary_tmp_new_fill() for MEMO.
+
+Fri Aug 15 10:13:37 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/gserver.rb: removed unmaintained code.
+	  [ruby-core:40313][Feature #5480]
+	* lib/xmlrpc/httpserver.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Aug 15 09:22:12 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_thread_struct): reorder to pack
+	* cont.c (rb_context_struct, rb_fiber_struct): ditto
+	  On x86-64, these changes reduces:
+	  rb_thread_struct to 1000 bytes (from 1016)
+	  rb_context_struct to 1288 bytes (from 1312)
+	  rb_fiber_struct to 2272 bytes (from 2304)
+
+Fri Aug 15 09:06:31 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.h: define RB_NATIVETHREAD_LOCK_INIT and
+	  RB_NATIVETHREAD_COND_INIT macros
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_mutex_lock, native_mutex_unlock,
+	  native_mutex_trylock, native_mutex_initialize,
+	  native_mutex_destroy, native_cond_wait):
+	  use rb_nativethread_lock_t instead of pthread_mutex_t
+	  [Feature #10134]
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_mutex_debug): make argument type-agnostic
+	  to avoid later cast.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (register_cached_thread_and_wait):
+	  replace PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER with RB_NATIVETHREAD_COND_INIT,
+	  use native_mutex_{lock,unlock}
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (use_cached_thread):
+	  use native_mutex_{lock,unlock}
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_sleep):
+	  use rb_nativethread_lock_t to match th->interrupt_lock,
+	  use native_mutex_{lock,unlock}
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (timer_thread_lock): use rb_nativethread_lock_t type
+
+Fri Aug 15 08:10:29 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* cont.c (cont_mark): fix typo in unused path [ci skip]
+
+Fri Aug 15 06:00:56 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_thread_mark): update comment about marking `me'
+	  [ruby-core:64340] [ruby-core:64341]
+
+Fri Aug 15 05:53:59 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* README.EXT: preliminary documentation for RB_GC_GUARD
+	  [Bug #10100] [ruby-core:60741]
+
+Thu Aug 14 00:26:19 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate WIN32OLE_RECORD src from
+	  win32ole.c
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_record.c: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_record.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
+
+Wed Aug 13 21:41:04 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate WIN32OLE_VARIANT src from
+	  win32ole.c.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variant.c: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variant.c: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
+
+Wed Aug 13 20:09:37 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: remove unused variable.
+
+Wed Aug 13 19:31:27 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_search_handler_method, rescue_callback,
+	  folerecord_inspect): use PRIsVALUE in rb_sprintf.
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_param.c (foleparam_inspect): ditto.
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variable.c (folevariable_inspect): use
+	  PRIsVALUE in rb_sprintf, use rb_inspect.
+
+Wed Aug 13 11:54:41 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/completion.rb: reverted r47163.
+	  because another case can't be show completion target.
+
+Wed Aug 13 11:17:00 2014  Shimpei Makimoto  <github@makimoto.org>
+
+	* lib/irb.rb: Prevent irb from crashing when exception with
+	  nil backtrace is raised.
+	  [fix GH-434][ruby-core:58078][Bug #9063]
+	* test/irb/test_raise_no_backtrace_exception.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Aug 13 11:08:55 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/completion.rb: fixed broken completion list with
+	  String including spaces. Contributed from @dunric. [fix GH-465]
+
+Wed Aug 13 00:07:01 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate WIN32OLE_PARAM src from win32ole.c
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_param.c: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_param.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
+
+Tue Aug 12 23:17:47 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: refactoring. move some methods
+	  into win32ole_type.c / win32ole_method.c
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_method.c: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_method.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_type.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_type.h: ditto.
+
+Tue Aug 12 22:59:48 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: refactoring. move
+	  ole_typelib_from_itypeinfo into win32ole_typelib.c.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_typelib.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_typelib.h: ditto.
+
+Tue Aug 12 21:49:40 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_create_dcom): use the converted
+	  result if the argument can be converted to a string, to get rid
+	  of invalid access. Thanks to nobu. [ruby-dev:48467] [Bug #10127]
+
+Tue Aug 12 14:22:58 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: ignored working directory same as prefix value.
+	  [ruby-core:54999] [Bug #8409]
+
+Tue Aug 12 13:34:25 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb: enable to remove with non-owner directory.
+	  [ruby-dev:45976] [Bug #6756]
+	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb: add testcase for #6756.
+
+Tue Aug 12 12:57:28 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_exec.c: improve performance in ppc64 arch.
+	  [ruby-core:63437] [Feature #9997]
+
+Tue Aug 12 12:14:52 2014  Akira Matsuda <ronnie@dio.jp>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb: fix typo.
+	  [ruby-dev:47831] [Bug #9180]
+
+Tue Aug 12 10:10:42 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (release_method_definition): use rb_free_method_entry
+
+Tue Aug 12 06:16:09 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate WIN32OLE_METHOD src from
+	  win32ole.c.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_method.c: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_method.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
+
+Mon Aug 11 22:19:15 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variable.c (folevariable_inspect): refactoring.
+
+Mon Aug 11 20:47:27 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate WIN32OLE_VARIABLE src from
+	  win32ole.c
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variable.c: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variable.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
+
+Mon Aug 11 16:17:21 2014  Tony Miller  <mcfiredrill@gmail.com>
+
+	* dir.c (rb_dir_exists_p): [DOC] Document that Dir.exists? is
+	  deprecated.  [ruby-core:64135] [Bug #10102]
+
+Mon Aug 11 11:26:33 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/tempfile.rb: start rdoc parsing inside singleton class
+	  definition to include the document there.
+	  [ruby-core:64157] [Bug #10105]
+
+Sun Aug 10 12:22:43 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_type.c: refactoring.
+
+Sun Aug 10 10:34:00 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/cgi/session/pstore.rb: separated sample code.
+	* lib/open3.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Aug 10 10:03:24 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/ext/multi-irb.rb: removed commented-out code.
+
+Sat Aug  9 11:02:07 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/irb.rb: removed commented-out code.
+	* lib/irb/**/*.rb: ditto.
+
+Sat Aug  9 10:35:30 2014  Laurent Arnoud  <laurent@spkdev.net>
+
+	* lib/cmath.rb: fixed indent. [fix GH-696]
+	* lib/drb/ssl.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/irb/**/*.rb: ditto.
+
+Sat Aug  9 10:28:03 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/minitest/test_minitest_unit.rb: removed obsoleted condition
+	  for Ruby 1.8.
+	* test/ruby/test_time_tz.rb: ditto.
+
+Sat Aug  9 10:18:00 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/cgi/test_cgi_core.rb: removed obsoleted condition for Ruby 1.8.
+	* test/cgi/test_cgi_header.rb: ditto.
+	* test/cgi/test_cgi_multipart.rb: ditto.
+	* test/cgi/test_cgi_tag_helper.rb: ditto.
+
+Sat Aug  9 00:34:37 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate WIN32OLE_TYPE src from win32ole.c.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_type.c: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_type.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
+
+Fri Aug  8 01:53:37 2014  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/securerandom.rb: use OpenSSL::BN for performance improvement.
+
+	* benchmark/bm_securerandom.rb: benchmark script.
+
+Fri Aug  8 17:19:57 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/open-uri.rb: remove needless condition for old ruby version.
+	* test/open-uri/test_open-uri.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Aug  8 16:40:59 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/init.rb: removed unreachable code.
+
+Fri Aug  8 16:34:22 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/drb/drb.rb: removed unreachable code.
+
+Fri Aug  8 14:33:49 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httpproxy.rb: remove needless condition
+	  for old ruby version.
+
+Fri Aug  8 01:07:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_yylex): fix invalid char in eval, should raise
+	  an syntax error too, as well as directly coded.
+	  [ruby-core:64243] [Bug #10117]
+
+Thu Aug  7 23:25:29 2014  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/open3.rb: avoid unnecessary write if stdin_data is empty.
+
+Thu Aug  7 21:42:49 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_typelib.c (foletypelib_version): return
+	  version string.
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_typelib.rb (test_version): ditto.
+
+Thu Aug  7 15:13:13 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/cgi.rb: remove needless condition for old ruby version.
+
+Thu Aug  7 06:04:49 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_yyerror): preserve source code encoding in
+	  syntax error messages.  [ruby-core:64228] [Bug #10114]
+
+Wed Aug  6 20:56:02 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate src of WIN32OLE_TYPELIB from
+	  win32ole.c
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_typelib.c: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_typelib.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
+
+Wed Aug  6 20:44:07 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_one): [DOC] Move enum.one? documentation before the
+	  relevant method.  Submitted by @vipulnsward. [Fixes GH-687]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/687
+
+Wed Aug  6 20:25:47 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/set.rb (Set#replace): Check if an object given is enumerable
+	  before clearing self.  Reported by yui-knk. [GH-675]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/675
+
+Wed Aug  6 20:07:26 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (olerecord_ivar_set): remove rb_str_subseq.
+
+Wed Aug  6 19:09:27 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/set.rb (Set): Implement Set#clone by splitting
+	  initialize_copy into initialize_dup and initialize_clone.
+	  Submitted by yui-knk. [Fixes GH-661]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/661
+
+Wed Aug  6 18:42:58 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate src of WIN32OLERuntimeError
+	  from win32ole.c.
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto
+	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_error.c: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_error.h: ditto.
+
+Wed Aug  6 04:33:58 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP.proxy_uri): use initializer instead
+	  of parser to handle IPv6 address. [Bug #9129]
+
+Wed Aug  6 04:16:05 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http/requests.rb (Net::HTTP::Options::RESPONSE_HAS_BODY):
+	  OPTIONS requests may have response bodies. [Feature #8429]
+	  http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-4.3.7
+
+Wed Aug  6 03:18:04 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http/generic_request.rb (Net::HTTP::GenericRequest#exec):
+	  handle req['host'] in update_uri.
+
+	* lib/net/http/generic_request.rb
+	  (Net::HTTP::GenericRequest#update_uri):
+	  use req['host'] if it is explicitly set. Even if URI is given,
+	  it is already used for the initial value of req['host'].
+	  Therefore overwritten value should be respected. [Bug #10054]
+
+Wed Aug  6 03:17:34 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http/generic_request.rb
+	  (Net::HTTP::GenericRequest#update_uri):
+	  handle scheme, host, and port to reflect connection to @uri.
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP#begin_transport): move trivial handling
+	  to Net::HTTP::GenericRequest#update_uri.
+
+
+Wed Aug  6 02:16:43 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http/generic_request.rb
+	  (Net::HTTP::GenericRequest#initialize):
+	  optimize object allocation.
+
+Wed Aug  6 01:16:47 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#path_query): remove a private method.
+
+Wed Aug  6 01:15:47 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#normalize!): use String#empty?
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#path_query): optimized.
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#to_s): optimized.
+
+Wed Aug  6 00:15:10 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/http.rb (URI::HTTP#request_uri): optimized.
+	  decrease object allocation, and ensure always create at least one new
+	  object for return value.
+
+Wed Aug  6 03:41:21 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: backwards compatibility for
+	  hashes emitted by Syck. Github #198
+	* test/psych/test_hash.rb: test for change.
+
+Tue Aug  5 19:27:59 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_invoke): skip VariantClear when
+	  argument is VT_RECORD variant.
+
+Tue Aug  5 15:52:51 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: Upgrade to test-unit-3.0.0 and minitest-5.4.0.
+
+Mon Aug  4 21:50:09 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_record.rb: add for WIN32OLE_RECORD
+	  test(need .NET Framework 3.5 to run test).
+
+Mon Aug  4 19:49:34 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_invoke): call rb_hash_foreach instead
+	  of rb_block_call.
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: add comment for rdoc of WIN32OLE_VARIANT
+	  class.
+
+Mon Aug  4 09:12:47 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* variable.c: cleanup to use rb_const_lookup
+	  [Feature #10107]
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto
+
+Sun Aug  3 10:55:07 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/encoding.h (rb_check_symbol_cstr): ditto.
+
+Sun Aug  3 10:43:08 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): unusable super class should cause
+	  method missing when BasicObject is refined but not been using.
+	  [ruby-core:64166] [Bug #10106]
+
+Sat Aug  2 23:47:45 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: separate WIN32OLE::VARIANT src file
+	  from win32ole.c
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variant_m.c: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variant_m.h: ditto.
+	* ext/win32ole/depend: ditto.
+	* ext/.document: ditto.
+
+Sat Aug  2 14:34:58 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: add comments for rdoc.
+
+Sat Aug  2 10:26:57 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_itself): new method Object#itself.  based on the
+	  patch by Rafael Franca in [ruby-core:64156].
+	  [EXPERIMENTAL] this method may be renamed due to compatibilities.
+	  [ruby-core:44704] [Feature #6373]
+
+Fri Aug  1 22:30:40 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (folerecord_initialize): accept
+	  only 2 arguments. The 2nd argument should be WIN32OLE object or
+	  WIN32OLE_RECORD object.
+
+Fri Aug  1 20:17:33 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_variant2val): call
+	  folerecord_s_allocate instead of WIN32OLE_RECORD.new.
+
+Fri Aug  1 18:39:57 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/date/test_date.rb: remove commented-out code.
+	* test/date/test_date_arith.rb: ditto.
+	* test/date/test_date_attr.rb: ditto.
+	* test/date/test_date_parse.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Aug  1 16:35:32 2014  Evan Miller  <evan@squareup.com>
+
+	* numeric.c (flodivmod): all results are NaN if divisor is NaN.
+	  [fix GH-692]
+
+Thu Aug 01 07:28:12 2014  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c: [DOC] Add description of
+	  `BigDecimal.new` exceptions.  Patched by @joker1007 and
+	  @prathamesh-sonpatki [Fixes GH-690]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/690
+
+Thu Jul 31 22:20:12 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: add WIN32OLE_RECORD#inspect.
+
+Thu Jul 31 20:35:32 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: add
+	  WIN32OLE_RECORD#ole_instance_variable_set and
+	  WIN32OLE_RECORD#ole_instance_variable_get
+
+Wed Jul 30 23:28:10 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): like r47006, get rid of
+	  function calls in RSTRING_PTR().
+
+Wed Jul 30 22:10:29 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* process.c (rlimit_resource_type, rlimit_resource_value):
+	  get rid of inadvertent dynamic symbol pin-down.
+
+	* re.c (match_backref_number): ditto.
+
+	* signal.c (esignal_init, rb_f_kill, trap_signm): ditto.
+
+	* transcode.c (econv_opts): ditto.
+
+	* vm_trace.c (symbol2event_flag): ditto.
+
+Wed Jul 30 21:29:39 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_invoke): pass WIN32OLE_RECORD variant
+	  by reference when invoke OLE methods at first.
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (olerecord_set_ivar): release
+	  IRecordInfo interface before setting another IRecordInfo interface.
+
+Wed Jul 30 13:17:35 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: remove unused macros.
+
+Tue Jul 29 22:21:37 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (hash2olerec): ignore WIN32OLE_RECORD
+	  instance variable if the variable is nil.
+
+Tue Jul 29 19:43:27 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (folerecord_method_missing): refactoring.
+	  divide functionality of folerecord_method_missing into
+	  olerecord_ivar_set and olerecord_ivar_get.
+
+Mon Jul 28 20:20:08 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win23ole.c (folerecord_method_missing): support
+	  setter of member of WIN32OLE_RECORD object.
+
+Mon Jul 28 06:37:19 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* vm_eval.c: [DOC] Fix rdoc formatting of patch from [Bug #9551]
+
+Mon Jul 28 06:34:43 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* vm_eval.c: [DOC] [Bug #9551] Improve clarity of Kernel::catch
+	  documentation, patch by Jesse Sielaff.
+
+Mon Jul 28 06:24:54 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb: [DOC] [Bug #9563] Recommend using URI.escape
+	  before parsing a uri to avoid invalid characters. Reported by
+	  Evgeniy Serykh.
+
+Mon Jul 28 05:55:56 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* time.c: [DOC] Clarify %Y in strftime, which can accept any digits
+	  and will output at least 4 digits as the year. Reported by Yury
+	  Trofimenko [Bug #10049]
+
+	* lib/time.rb: ditto
+
+Mon Jul 28 05:32:06 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb: [DOC] [Bug #10075] Clarify how URI.join arguments
+	  are handled by RFC3986, originally reported by John Feminella.
+
+Mon Jul 28 05:21:41 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* file.c: [DOC] Clarify how File.file? handles symbolic links. Also
+	  cleaned up the rdoc style for this method, more to follow.
+	  Originally reported by Michael Renner [Bug #10067]
+
+Mon Jul 28 05:12:22 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* time.c: [DOC] Remove dead link and old bug report, which hasn't been
+	  reproduced in a few years. Reported by Federico Builes [Bug #10071]
+
+Mon Jul 28 04:39:58 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c: [DOC] Remove default value of Zlib constants, as
+	  they may change in the implementation without notice. Patched by
+	  @robin850 [Fixes GH-682] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/682
+
+Mon Jul 28 04:35:35 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_hmac.c: Fix NO_HMAC warning [Fixes GH-665]
+	  Patched by @vipulnsward https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/665
+
+Sun Jul 27 19:49:36 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/cgi/core.rb: remove unused variables.
+	* lib/erb.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/mkmf.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/net/http/response.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/optparse/version.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/prime.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/racc/parser.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/rexml/document.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/rexml/dtd/dtd.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/rexml/element.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/rexml/functions.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/rexml/parsers/xpathparser.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Jul 27 05:11:21 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/irb.rb: [DOC] PROMPT_I cannot be nil, patch by @hgillane
+	  Fixes documenting-ruby/ruby#37
+	  https://github.com/documenting-ruby/ruby/pull/37
+
+Sun Jul 27 02:41:50 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/shell/command-processor.rb: remove unused variable.
+	* lib/shell/system-command.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/tmpdir.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Jul 27 02:08:31 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/weakref.rb: split executable code into sample directory.
+	* sample/weakref.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Jul 27 02:06:55 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/delegate.rb: split executable code into sample directory.
+	* sample/delegate.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Jul 27 01:46:34 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* proc.c (method_super_method): [DOC] Method#super_method
+
+Sun Jul 27 01:22:39 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (method_super_method): new method Method#super_method,
+	  which returns a method object of the method to be called by
+	  `super` in the receiver method object.
+	  [ruby-core:62202] [Feature #9781]
+
+Sat Jul 26 17:22:14 2014  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c (dump_append): avoid fflush.
+
+	  because dump_append_string_value() iterates over each chars,
+	  fflush()-ing here effectively issues system calls on every single
+	  bytes exist in a ruby process.
+
+Sat Jul 26 16:55:18 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* iseq.h (struct iseq_compile_data_storage): reduce overhead
+	  to 16 bytes (from 32) on 64-bit
+
+Sat Jul 26 16:28:06 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (struct rb_iseq_struct): reduce to 280 bytes
+	  (from 288 bytes) on 64-bit
+
+Sat Jul 26 06:44:43 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* parse.y (struct parse_params): shrink to 320 to 304 bytes on 64-bit
+
+Sat Jul 26 05:58:35 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (ZALLOC, ZALLOC_N): implement
+	  (Data_Make_Struct, TypedData_Make_Struct):
+	  ZALLOC replaces ALLOC+memset
+	  [ruby-core:63951][Feature #10082]
+	* compile.c (iseq_seq_sequence): ZALLOC_N replaces ALLOC_N+MEMZERO
+	* cont.c (fiber_t_alloc): ZALLOC replaces ALLOC+MEMZERO
+	* io.c (rb_io_reopen): ditto
+	* iseq.c (prepare_iseq_build): ditto
+	* parse.y (new_args_tail_gen, parser_new, ripper_s_allocate): ditto
+	* re.c (match_alloc): ditto
+	* variable.c (rb_const_set): ditto
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (get_addrinfo): ditto
+	* ext/strscan/strscan.c (strscan_s_allocate): ditto
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace_alloc): calloc replaces malloc+MEMZERO
+
+Sat Jul 26 05:54:54 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* symbol.c (dsymbol_check): remove unneeded semi-colon
+
+Fri Jul 25 14:07:27 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: change objspace::rgengc::parent_object_is_old (boolean)
+	  to objspace::rgengc::parent_object (VALUE).
+	  Use Qfalse or RVALUE pointer instead of FALSE and TRUE.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_marks_body): should clear parent_object just before
+	  gc_mark_roots() because there are no parents objects
+	  for root objects.
+
+Fri Jul 25 13:45:39 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_gc_writebarrier_remember_promoted): should remember only
+	  OLD objects on RGENGC_AGE2_PROMOTION.
+
+Fri Jul 25 13:42:02 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_stacked_objects): fix error message.
+
+Fri Jul 25 13:18:00 2014  Will Farrington  <wfarrington@digitalocean.com>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_gethostname): Use NI_MAXHOST to support
+	  hostnames longer than 64 characters if the system supports it.
+	  [fixes GH-683]
+
+Fri Jul 25 12:21:11 2014  Santiago Pastorino  <santiago@wyeworks.com>
+
+	* compile.c (defined_expr): make the condition if the receiver
+	  is explicit or implicit cleaner.  [fix GH-681]
+
+Fri Jul 25 03:53:52 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/keywords.rdoc:  [DOC] Describe each keyword.
+
+Thu Jul 24 22:40:24 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (Init_win32ole): add WIN32OLE_RECORD#initialize
+	  method.
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_val2variant): convert WIN32OLE_RECORD
+	  object to VT_RECORD variant.
+
+Thu Jul 24 20:10:59 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: fix major GC flags.
+	  * add GPR_FLAG_MAJOR_BY_FORCE, which indicates
+	    major GC by METHOD, CAPI and so on (see GC_BY).
+	  * remove GPR_FLAG_MAJOR_BY_RESCAN because not used.
+	  * remove GPR_FLAG_MAJOR_BY_STRESS, use FORCE instead.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: catch up.
+
+Thu Jul 24 15:55:02 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/io.h (struct rb_io_buffer_t): PACKED_STRUCT should not
+	  be used for platform-specific optimization. PACKED_STRUCT_UNALIGNED
+	  should be used. [ruby-core:63988] [Bug #10088]
+
+Thu Jul 24 04:42:13 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/benchmark.rb: split executable code into sample directory.
+	* sample/benchmark.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu Jul 24 04:36:49 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/tempfile.rb: split executable code into sample directory.
+	* sample/tempfile.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu Jul 24 04:29:36 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/pstore.rb: split executable code into sample directory.
+	* sample/pstore.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Jul 23 23:50:11 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/defines.h, siphash.c, st.c (UNALIGNED_WORD_ACCESS):
+	  add PowerPC64 too, which is capable to access unaligned words.
+	  patched by Gustavo Frederico Temple Pedrosa in [ruby-core:63937].
+	  [Feature #10081]
+
+	* regint.h (PLATFORM_UNALIGNED_WORD_ACCESS): ditto.
+
+Wed Jul 23 04:04:38 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/drb/extserv.rb: remove duplicate code with sample directory.
+	  contributed from @vipulnsward. [fix GH-679]
+
+Tue Jul 22 12:56:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_count): fix wrong single-byte optimization.
+	  7bit ascii can be a trailing byte in Shift_JIS.
+	  [ruby-dev:48442] [Bug #10078]
+
+Tue Jul 22 01:48:38 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/io.h (rb_io_buffer_t): fix packing on gcc
+	  r46892 caused packing to be a no-op on gcc (4.7.2-5, Debian)
+	  [Bug #10079][ruby-core:63912]
+
+Mon Jul 21 15:55:42 2014  fuji70  <fujifuji70@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb (getopts): print default values and descriptions
+	  in the help message.  [fix GH-676]
+
+Sun Jul 20 14:26:27 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_proc_t): reduce to 64 bytes from 72 on 64-bit
+
+Sun Jul 20 13:50:34 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* transcode.c (rb_econv_t): reduce to 184 bytes from 200 on 64-bit
+
+Sun Jul 20 12:44:23 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/io.h (rb_io_buffer_t): pack structure
+	  Reduces rb_io_t from 200 to 192 bytes, allowing rb_io_t to
+	  occupy one less cache line.
+	  [Feature #10050]
+
+Sun Jul 20 12:41:53 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/io.h (rb_io_t): shrink to 200 bytes from 216 on 64-bit
+	  This puts us within 8 bytes of being three cache lines instead of
+	  four lines on x86-64.  This breaks the ABI.
+	  [Feature #10050]
+
+Sun Jul 20 12:36:46 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/oniguruma.h (struct re_pattern_buffer): shrink to 448
+	  bytes from 464 bytes on 64-bit.  This breaks the ABI.
+	  [Feature #10034]
+
+Sun Jul 20 01:06:06 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c: use encryptor instead of encrypter in doc.
+	  contributed from @vipulnsward. [fix GH-663]
+
+Sun Jul 20 00:32:44 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_initialize): [DOC] fix rdoc of append mode.  it does
+	  not move the pointer at open.  [ruby-core:63747] [Bug #10039]
+
+Sat Jul 19 12:40:50 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): allow to access private attribute
+	  reader in op_assign.  [ruby-core:63817] [Bug #10060]
+
+Sat Jul 19 11:56:36 2014  Grey Baker  <greysteil@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/time.rb (Time#apply_offset): Guards against a `nil` return
+	  value from `Time.month_days` when offsetting date.  Out of range
+	  values are then caught when `Time.utc` is called (as usual).
+
+	  Previously a `nil` return value from `Time.month_days` would
+	  have the `<` operator called on it, and raise `NoMethodError`.
+	  [fix GH-667]
+
+	* lib/rdoc/parser/changelog.rb (RDoc#parse_entries): fix dirty hack.
+
+Sat Jul 19 06:19:01 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: refactoring.
+
+Fri Jul 18 22:34:41 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (folevariant_initialize): WIN32OLE_VARIANT
+	  does not support VT_RECORD. VT_RECORD should be supported in
+	  WIN32OLE_RECORD.
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_variant.rb (test_s_new_vt_record_exc):
+	  ditto.
+
+Fri Jul 18 19:54:03 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (folevariant_initialize): remove unnecessary
+	  code.
+
+Fri Jul 18 19:11:03 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix/eigenvalue_decomposition: Style fix
+	  Patch by Gogo Tanaka [#10058]
+
+Fri Jul 18 19:03:53 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Avoid using `and`.
+	  Patch by gogo tanaka [#10058]
+
+Fri Jul 18 17:41:54 2014  GoGo tanaka  <qlli.illb@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/matrix/test_matrix.rb: Add tests for Matrix class.
+	  [Feature #10057][ruby-core:63809]
+
+Fri Jul 18 10:14:42 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb: added missing options of FileUtils.touch by @Domon.
+	  [fix GH-669]
+
+Thu Jul 17 19:57:27 2014  Herwin  <herwin@quarantainenet.nl>
+
+	* ext/thread/thread.c (rb_szqueue_push): add optional parameter,
+	  non_block defaulted to false.  [ruby-core:63794] [Feature #10052]
+
+Wed Jul 16 23:01:43 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_variant2val): support array of
+	  VT_RECORD variant.
+
+Wed Jul 16 20:21:49 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_core.h (struct rb_iseq_struct): stack_max is changed to int
+	  because all calculations related to stack_max in compile.c
+	  (iseq_set_sequence) and vm_insnhelper.c (vm_push_frame) are
+	  conducted by using int. This partly reverts r23945.
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_push_frame): ditto. This reverts r42401.
+
+Wed Jul 16 19:55:32 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_core.h (struct rb_iseq_struct): temporal workaround of [Bug 10037].
+	  Add padding on big-endian 64-bit architecture (e.g. sparc64).
+
+Wed Jul 16 19:32:23 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (fole_record_method_missing): call
+	  rb_hash_fetch instead of rb_hash_aref.
+
+Wed Jul 16 18:08:47 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_defined_string): use rb_gc_mark_object() instead of
+	  marking from vm_mark().
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_mark): ditto.
+
+Wed Jul 16 18:03:50 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_roots): call rb_vm_mark directly.
+
+	* vm.c: remove mark function for RubyVM object because
+	  RubyVM object marked manually.
+
+Wed Jul 16 12:25:39 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regcomp.c: Merge Onigmo 5.14.1 25a8a69fc05ae3b56a09.
+	  this includes Support for Unicode 7.0 [Bug #9092].
+
+Tue Jul 15 23:59:27 2014  Jared Jennings  <jared.jennings.ctr@us.af.mil>
+
+	* ext/digest: make built-in digest function implementations
+	  indicate success or failure of init and final functions.
+	  [ruby-core:61614] [Bug #9659]
+
+	* ext/digest/digest.c: expect digest init and finish functions to
+	  indicate success or failure; raise exception on failure.
+	  [ruby-core:61614] [Bug #9659]
+
+Tue Jul 15 20:31:40 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: modify document for WIN32OLE_RECORD.
+
+Tue Jul 15 12:42:23 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* defs/default_gems: change version definition file of rake.
+
+Tue Jul 15 12:00:03 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rake.rb, lib/rake/*.rb: Upgrade to rake-10.3.2
+	  [fix GH-668]
+	* test/rake/*.rb: ditto.
+
+Mon Jul 14 19:14:51 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: modify WIN32OLE class document and
+	  add comment for constants of WIN32OLE.
+
+Mon Jul 14 16:38:45 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (struct rb_iseq_struct): reduce to 288 bytes
+	  on x86-64 (from 296 bytes)
+
+Mon Jul 14 16:07:25 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* iseq.h (struct iseq_catch_table_entry): shrink to 32 bytes
+	  on x86-64 (from 48 bytes)
+
+Mon Jul 14 16:04:41 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* iseq.h (struct iseq_catch_table): new flexible array struct
+		 (iseq_catch_table_bytes): allocated size function
+	* vm_core.h (struct rb_iseq_struct): update catch_table member
+	  This reduces the struct from 304 to 296 bytes on x86-64.
+	* compile.c (iseq_set_exception_table): update for struct changes
+	* iseq.c (iseq_free): ditto
+	* iseq.c (iseq_memsize): ditto
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_disasm): ditto
+	* iseq.c (iseq_data_to_ary): ditto
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_build_for_ruby2cext): ditto (untested)
+	* vm.c (vm_exec): ditto
+	* vm_core.h (struct rb_iseq_struct): ditto
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_throw): ditto
+
+Sun Jul 13 17:49:52 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c: Fix call to ciphers class method and
+	  spell out `encryption` by @vipulnsward [fix GH-664]
+
+Sun Jul 13 17:31:51 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/gdbm/gdbm.c: fix wrong arguments in GetDBM2 macro.
+	* ext/sdbm/init.c: ditto.
+
+Sun Jul 13 17:25:50 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c: fix wrong arguments in GetDBM2 macro by @v2e4lisp.
+	  [fix GH-655]
+
+Sun Jul 13 16:44:56 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (struct rb_call_info_struct): improve packing
+	  This reduces the struct from 112 to 104 bytes on x86-64.
+
+Sun Jul 13 15:53:25 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (struct rb_iseq_struct): stack_max is uint32_t
+	  This reduces the struct from 312 to 304 bytes on x86-64.
+
+Sun Jul 13 10:56:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (rb_cv_broken_backtrace): exit with failure
+	  normally, no needs to abort.  [ruby-core:63678] [Bug #10008]
+
+Sat Jul 12 15:10:22 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (fole_record_method_missing): correct
+	  fields Hash key.
+
+Sat Jul 12 04:17:40 2014  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/net/smtp.rb (Net::SMTP#data): enable buffering while
+	  'data' send for optimizing Net::SMTP#send_message.
+	  [ruby-dev:48329] [misc #9981]
+	  patch by Masahiro Tomita.
+
+Sat Jul 12 01:13:45 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (assert_no_memory_leak): On Solaris 9 or later,
+	  if possible, execute child ruby with environment variables
+	  LD_PRELOAD=libumem.so UMEM_OPTIONS="backend=mmap". With these
+	  variables, freed memory is immediately returned to the OS.
+	  [Bug #10020] [ruby-dev:48391]
+
+Fri Jul 11 20:49:10 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: add WIN32OLE_RECORD class to support
+	  VT_RECORD OLE variables.
+
+Fri Jul 11 17:15:08 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/abbrev.rb: remove executable.
+
+Fri Jul 11 16:45:39 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb: handle ENOENT error with symlink targeted to
+	  non-exists file. [ruby-dev:45933] [Bug #6716]
+
+Fri Jul 11 15:59:42 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c: Clarify documentation for Array#insert.
+	  [ruby-core:62934] [Bug #9901]
+
+Fri Jul 11 15:39:36 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c: Improve Documentation by @dapplebeforedawn.
+	  [fix GH-658] [ruby-core:63579] [Bug #10012]
+
+Fri Jul 11 14:19:14 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Fix sign for cross_product [#9499]
+
+Fri Jul 11 11:11:50 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/prepare_so_k_nucleotide.rb: use require_relative.
+
+	* benchmark/prepare_so_reverse_complement.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Jul 11 10:09:03 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* pack.c (encodes): fix buffer overrun by tail_lf.  Thanks to
+	  Mamoru Tasaka and Tomas Hoger.  [ruby-core:63604] [Bug #10019]
+
+Thu Jul 10 23:51:36 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* hash.c (ruby_setenv): Fix TestEnv#test_aset failure on Solaris 9.
+	  When name contains '=', ruby_setenv raises Errno::EINVAL.
+	  That is the same behavior as Solaris 10.
+	  NULL check for malloc return value is also added.
+
+Thu Jul 10 15:02:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_callee_setup_keyword_arg): adjust VM stack
+	  pointer to get rid of overwriting splat arguments by arguments
+	  for `to_hash` conversion.  [ruby-core:63593] [Bug #10016]
+
+Thu Jul 10 01:09:57 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* symbol.c: remove rb_gc_mark_symbols().
+
+	  fstrings referred by static symbols and pinned dynamic symbols
+	  are registered by rb_gc_register_mark_object().
+
+	  fstrings referred by dynamic symbols (not pinned symbols)
+	  are referred from global_symbols.dsymbol_fstr_hash (Hash object).
+
+	  Note that fstrings referred from dynamic symbols must live logger
+	  than symbol objects themselves because rb_gc_free_dsymbol() uses
+	  fstrings to remove from symbol tables.
+	  This is why we can not mark fstrings from dynamic symbols.
+
+	  This technique reduces root objects for GC marking.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_roots): ditto.
+
+	* internal.h: ditto.
+
+Thu Jul 10 00:24:18 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* common.mk (DTRACE_DEPENDENT_OBJS): fix build failure on Solaris
+	  introduced in r46768. Object files containing dtrace probes should
+	  be listed in DTRACE_DEPENDENT_OBJS.
+
+Wed Jul  9 17:07:28 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* symbol.c, symbol.h: Symbol class implementation and internals,
+	  split from parse.y.
+
+Wed Jul  9 14:45:39 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* parse.y: change Symbol <-> ID relationship to avoid
+	  exposing IDs from collectable symbols.
+	  [Bug #10014]
+
+	  Now, rb_check_id() returns 0 if corresponding symbol is
+	  pinned dynamic symbol.
+
+	  There is remaining intern_cstr_without_pindown(), it can return
+	  IDs from collectable symbols. We must be careful to use it
+	  (only used in parse.y).  I think it should be removed if
+	  it does not have impact for performance.
+
+	* parse.y:
+	  add:
+	  * STATIC_SYM2ID()
+	  * STATIC_ID2SYM()
+	  rename:
+	  * rb_pin_dynamic_symbol() -> dsymbol_pindown()
+
+	* internal.h:
+	  remove:
+	  * rb_check_id_without_pindown()
+	  * rb_sym2id_without_pindown()
+	  add:
+	  * rb_check_symbol()
+	  * rb_check_symbol_cstr()
+
+	* load.c: use rb_check_id() or rb_check_id_cstr().
+
+	* object.c: ditto.
+
+	* struct.c: ditto.
+
+	* thread.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_method.c: ditto.
+
+	* string.c (sym_find): use only rb_check_symbol().
+
+	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): use rb_check_symbol_cstr().
+
+Wed Jul  9 12:21:55 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* parse.y (symbols_i): delete garbage symbols for Symbol.all_symbols.
+
+Wed Jul  9 05:49:08 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.h (struct rb_global_vm_lock_struct):
+	  do not expose pthread type for lock
+
+Wed Jul  9 05:41:40 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.h: remove unneeded semaphore.h include
+
+Wed Jul  9 00:12:28 2014  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/ruby-lex.rb: fix counting indent in identify_string_dvar.
+
+Tue Jul  8 16:58:02 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/memory_status.rb (Memory::PSCMD): use ps command which
+	  outputs expected result.  [ruby-dev:48370] [Bug #10010]
+
+Tue Jul  8 14:45:17 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* parse.y (dsymbol_alloc): set global_symbols.minor_marked to 0.
+
+	* parse.y (dsymbol_check): set RSYMBOL(sym)->fstr to 0
+	  because we should not touch fstr after that.
+
+	* parse.y (rb_gc_free_dsymbol): skip deleting str and sym
+	  from tables if fstr == 0.
+
+Mon Jul  7 14:31:52 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* parse.y: remove global_symbols::pinned_dsym
+	  (and ::pinned_dsym_minor_marked).
+
+	  Mark pinned dsymbols by rb_gc_register_mark_object() because
+	  they are immortal.
+
+	* parse.y (rb_gc_free_dsymbol): rename parameter name `ptr' to `sym'.
+
+Mon Jul  7 12:45:51 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: revert miss-commit.
+
+Mon Jul  7 12:40:59 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* parse.y: need to use updated (re-created) symbols.
+
+Mon Jul  7 11:02:55 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/mkconfig.rb: remove not to require rbconfig/obsolete.rb.
+
+	* lib/rbconfig/obsolete.rb: removed.
+
+Mon Jul  7 10:52:03 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* parse.y: do not use rb_gc_resurrect(), but create a new dynamic
+	  symbol for garbage dynamic symbol.
+
+	* common.mk: use gc.h by parse.y.
+
+Mon Jul  7 02:18:42 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* string.c (fstr_update_callback): do not use rb_gc_resurrect()
+	  any more.
+
+	  Make new frozen string and replace with garbage frozen string.
+
+	* common.mk: use gc.h from string.c.
+
+Mon Jul  7 00:36:13 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: rename is_dying_object() to is_garbage_object().
+
+	* gc.h: rb_objspace_garbage_object_p() as an exported function.
+
+Sun Jul  6 21:30:35 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (is_dying_object): fix missed condition.
+
+	* gc.c (is_live_object): move frequent path first.
+
+Sun Jul  6 21:00:11 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: rename is_dead_object() to is_dying_object().
+	  This function is not opposite against is_live_object()
+	  because is_dying_object() does *not* check object type.
+
+	* gc.c (is_dying_object): change condition.
+
+	* gc.c (is_live_object): use T_NONE instead of 0.
+
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace_dying_object_p): added.
+
+Sun Jul  6 13:37:27 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_gc_register_mark_object): change data structure.
+	  From single array, to array of arrays. Each array only has 1024
+	  entries.
+
+	* vm.c (Init_vm_objects): change default capa from 1 to 128.
+
+Sat Jul  5 05:05:53 2014  Vipul A M  <vipulnsward@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/locale.rb (IRB::Locale#modifier): fix wrong attr_reader
+	  `modifieer` => `modifier` from irb locale.  [fix GH-656]
+
+Fri Jul  4 20:45:26 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* parse.y: rename symbols::sym_id to symbols::str_id.
+	  This table is not {Symbol => ID} table, but
+	  {String => ID} table.
+
+	* parse.y (lookup_sym_id): also rename lookup_sym_id() to
+	  lookup_str_id() because key is not Symbol, but String.
+
+Fri Jul  4 18:42:04 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* parse.y (must_be_dynamic_symbol): fix missed-condition.
+
+Fri Jul  4 18:38:11 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* parse.y (rb_pin_dynamic_symbol): should be `static' function.
+
+Fri Jul  4 18:03:35 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* parse.y (must_be_dynamic_symbol): refactoring.
+	  * add `inline'.
+	  * use UNLIKELY().
+	  * check only DYNAMIC_SYM_P(), otherwise it is a bug.
+	  * lookup_id_str() is not needed in second condition.
+
+Fri Jul  4 11:53:56 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* parse.y: remove unused code
+	  surrounded by `#if ENABLE_SELECTOR_NAMESPACE'
+
+Fri Jul  4 10:08:24 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_package.rb: avoid tempfile leaks using Tempfile#close!
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_request_set.rb: ditto.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_request_set_gem_dependency_api.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Jul  4 04:42:05 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http/response.rb (Net::Inflater#inflate_adapter):
+	  prevent automatic encoding conversion.
+
+Fri Jul  4 04:39:52 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http/response.rb (Net::HTTPResponse.each_response_header):
+	  raise first exception even if inflate_body_io.finish raises error.
+	  when begin block raises error, finish usually raises error too.
+
+Fri Jul  4 02:56:04 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#query=): remove validation, just
+	  escape. [Feature #2542]
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#fragment=): ditto.
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#check_query): removed.
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#set_query): ditto.
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#check_fragment): ditto.
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#set_fragment): ditto.
+
+Thu Jul  3 12:40:22 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (--with-static-linked-ext): fix for extensions to
+	  be linked statically.
+
+	* Makefile.in, common.mk: use ENCSTATIC for enc directory.
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb: supply dependencies of statically linked extension
+	  libraries.
+
+Wed Jul  2 15:45:49 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_heap_lazy_sweep): simplify logic.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_page_sweep): return TRUE if empty slots are available.
+
+Wed Jul  2 09:48:42 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* logger.rb: removed unmaintained code.
+	  [Feature #9860][ruby-core:62724]
+	* test/logger/test_application.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Jul  2 03:20:00 2014  Charlie Somerville  <charliesome@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* node.c (dump_node): handle nd_value == (NODE *)-1 to mean this
+	  keyword argument is required
+
+Wed Jul  2 02:57:27 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_env_local_variables): returns array of local
+	  variable name symbols in the environment by envval.
+
+	* proc.c (bind_local_variables): use rb_vm_env_local_variables.
+
+Wed Jul  2 02:23:52 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (bind_receiver): new method to return the bound receiver
+	  of the binding object.  [ruby-dev:47613] [Feature #8779]
+
+Wed Jul  2 02:14:37 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (bind_local_variables): update env from envval for each
+	  iterations.  [ruby-dev:48351] [Bug #10001]
+
+Tue Jul  1 23:46:34 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: [DOC] mention about Binding#local_variables, introduced at
+	  r44392 (see [Feature #8773]).
+
+Tue Jul  1 23:30:51 2014  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (num_step_scan_args): table argument of rb_get_kwargs() is
+	  array of IDs, not Symbols. [ruby-dev:48353] [Bug #9811]
+
+Tue Jul  1 16:18:22 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* ext/digest/lib/digest/hmac.rb, test/digest/test_digest_hmac.rb:
+	  Digest::HMAC is finally removed as previously noticed.
+	  [fix GH-648]
+
+Tue Jul  1 11:13:43 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb: removed empty file by @vipulnsward.
+	* ext/date/lib/date.rb: removed needless require.
+	  [fix GH-647]
+
+Mon Jun 30 16:42:52 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): return size_t value instead of VALUE
+	  and remove `out' parameter.
+
+	* gc.c: add braces for `if' statements.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): fix comment.
+
+Mon Jun 30 15:07:34 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: support `USE_RGENGC == 0'.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: ditto.
+
+Mon Jun 30 11:36:04 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* file.c: [DOC] document File.join returns a string.
+	  Contributed by @dapplebeforedawn. [fix GH-646]
+
+Sat Jun 28 22:57:01 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_birthtime): Windows support.
+	  see [Feature #9857] [ruby-dev:48339]
+
+Sat Jun 28 22:44:16 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_birthtime): New method,
+	  Pathname#birthtime.
+	  Proposed by Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA.  [ruby-dev:48232] [Feature #9857]
+
+Sat Jun 28 20:29:03 2014  Simon Baird  <simon.baird@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/math.rb (BigMath#PI): change error
+	  message about zero or negative precision for clarity and
+	  consistency with other methods.  [GH-644]
+
+Sat Jun 28 15:32:57 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/utils.rb (create_listeners): Close socket objects.
+
+Sat Jun 28 13:58:48 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (setup_exception): should not overwrite SystemStackError
+	  backtrace if set already.  [ruby-core:63377] [Feature #6216]
+
+	* eval.c (setup_exception): get rid of method calls before raising
+	  stack overflow, not to cause stack overflow again.
+
+	* defs/id.def: add IDs for backtraces.
+
+Sat Jun 28 04:08:22 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/mailto.rb: update to latest specs, RFC 6068 and HTML5.
+
+	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (HEADER_PATTERN): removed.
+
+	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (HEADER_REGEXP): use RFC 6068 hfields.
+
+	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (EMAIL_REGEXP): use HTML5 email regexp.
+
+	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (URI::MailTo.build): support multiple to addresses.
+
+	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (URI::MailTo#initialize): Support multiple to
+	  addresses. Don't check with regexp, only split.
+
+	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (URI::MailTo#check_to): verify by matching
+	  URI path-rootless and HTML5 email regexp with unescaped one.
+
+	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (URI::MailTo#check_headers): verify only by
+	  HEADER_REGEXP.
+
+	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (URI::MailTo#set_headers): don't check by
+	  HEADER_REGEXP, only split it.
+
+Sat Jun 28 00:35:10 2014  Lauri Tirkkonen  <lotheac@iki.fi>
+
+	* tool/mkconfig.rb: fix empty RbConfig::CONFIG["prefix"] when
+	  configured --with-rubyarchprefix, remove prefix from rubyarchdir
+	  after expansion for the case it does not start with '$(prefix)'.
+	  [fix GH-643]
+
+Fri Jun 27 15:20:12 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb: rescue Gem::LoadError in Gem::TestCase.
+	  because it's effected by removing minitest from stdlib.
+
+Fri Jun 27 12:29:37 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/specification.rb: fixed broken condition caused
+	  by removing YAML::ENGINE.
+	* lib/rubygems/package/old.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Jun 27 05:33:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (env_shift): fix memory leak on Windows, free environment
+	  strings block always.  [ruby-dev:48332] [Bug #9983]
+
+Fri Jun 27 03:41:53 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* sprintf.c (GETASTER): should not use the numbered argument to be
+	  formatted, raise ArgumentError instead.
+	  [ruby-dev:48330] [Bug #9982]
+
+Thu Jun 26 18:18:28 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/with_different_ofs.rb: move into test library directory.
+	* test/csv/base.rb: fix require path for with_different_ofs.rb.
+	* test/digest/test_digest_extend.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu Jun 26 18:06:50 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/profile_test_all.rb: move into test library directory.
+	* test/runner.rb: fix require path for profile_test_all.rb.
+
+Thu Jun 26 17:57:57 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httpproxy.rb: remove useless assigned variables.
+	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/cgihandler.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/erbhandler.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/server.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu Jun 26 08:28:01 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (env_select): fix memory leak and crash on Windows, make
+	  keys array first instead of iterating on environ directly.
+	  [ruby-dev:48325] [Bug #9978]
+
+Thu Jun 26 02:45:04 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval_error.c (error_print): put a newline after an anonymous
+	  exception class name.
+
+Wed Jun 25 22:31:32 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (ruby_setenv): fix memory leak on Windows, free
+	  environment strings block after check for the size.
+	  [ruby-dev:48323] [Bug #9977]
+
+Wed Jun 25 15:44:12 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ccan/container_of/container_of.h (container_off_var):
+	  avoid warning with -Wcast-qual
+	  [ccan ba5ad771af4aa9e085498de6c3c665c52694460f (Rusty Russell)]
+
+Wed Jun 25 10:19:59 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (env_aset, env_has_key, env_assoc, env_has_value),
+	  (env_rassoc, env_key): prohibit tainted strings if $SAFE is
+	  non-zero.  [Bug #9976]
+
+Tue Jun 24 14:46:17 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/gserver.rb: remove redundant use of to_s in interpolation.
+	* lib/logger.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/optparse.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/rbconfig/obsolete.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/resolv.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/httpresponse.rb: ditto.
+
+Tue Jun 24 10:50:06 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (env_path_str_new): make PATH environment variable
+	  string, to be frozen.
+
+Tue Jun 24 10:40:52 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* tool/make-snapshot: download bundle gems when package making.
+	  [Feature #9852][ruby-core:62676]
+	* gems/bundled_gems: listed bundled gems for Ruby 2.2.
+
+Tue Jun 24 10:20:35 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb: make Downloader class to general download utility.
+	  It can be used without config.guess and config.sub.
+	* tool/get-config_files: ditto.
+	* tool/make-snapshot: ditto.
+
+Tue Jun 24 06:17:52 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (setup_exception): "mesg == sysstack_error" and
+	  sysstack_error_p(mesg) are duplicated.
+	  r46502 seems to want to use latter.
+
+Tue Jun 24 06:15:36 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c: fix format specifiers for VALUE and
+	  Tcl_Interp*.  [ruby-core:63283] [Bug #9972]
+
+Tue Jun 24 05:40:41 2014  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* nacl/nacl-config.rb: Use File.exist? instead of executable?
+	  for irt_core. Recent nacl_sdk has non-executable irt_core.
+	  Patch by Shinichiro Hamaji.
+	  [Fixes GH-529] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/529
+
+Mon Jun 23 18:44:45 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* tool/config_files.rb: rename class ConfigFiles to Downloader.
+	* tool/get-config_files: ditto.
+	* tool/make-snapshot: ditto.
+
+Mon Jun 23 18:03:13 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb: support to install bundle gems.
+
+Mon Jun 23 17:33:11 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb (Net::IMAP#fetch): [DOC] Describe how a range in
+	  +set+ is interpreted, and mention -1 which can be used for '*'.
+
+Mon Jun 23 16:22:50 2014  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (struct RHash): no longer. [Feature #9889]
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RHASH): ditto.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RHASH_ITER_LEV): deprecated.  Will be deleted later.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RHASH_IFNONE): ditto.
+
+	* internal.h (struct RHash): moved here.
+
+	* internal.h (RHASH): ditto.
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_iter_lev): do not use this.
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_ifnone): ditto.
+
+Mon Jun 23 13:30:11 2014  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (struct RComplex): no longer. [Feature #9888]
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RCOMPLEX): ditto.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RCOMPLEX_SET_REAL): deprecated.  Will be deleted later.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RCOMPLEX_SET_IMAG): ditto.
+
+	* internal.h (struct RFloat): moved here.
+
+	* internal.h (RCOMPLEX): ditto.
+
+	* complex.c (rb_complex_set_real): do not use this.
+
+	* complex.c (rb_complex_set_imag): ditto.
+
+Mon Jun 23 13:10:15 2014  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (struct RFloat): no longer.  [Feature #9863]
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RFLOAT): ditto.
+
+	* internal.h (struct RFloat): moved here.
+
+	* internal.h (RFLOAT): ditto.
+
+Mon Jun 23 12:01:42 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (check_port): allow strings for port= as
+	  described in rdoc.
+
+	* lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb (regexp): implementation detail of above.
+
+Mon Jun 23 11:35:01 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (setup_exception): set backtrace in system stack error
+	  other than the pre-allocated sysstack_error.  [Feature #6216]
+
+	* proc.c (Init_Proc): freeze the pre-allocated sysstack_error.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_stackoverflow): raise new instance for each
+	  times without calling any methods to keep the backtrace with no
+	  further stack overflow.
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_copy_ivar): extract function to copy instance
+	  variables only for T_OBJECT from init_copy.
+
+Mon Jun 23 11:11:16 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* signal.c (check_stack_overflow): drop the last tag too close to
+	  the fault page, to get rid of stack overflow deadlock.
+	  [Bug #9971]
+
+Sun Jun 22 09:11:15 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb: remove registry.
+	  'registry' is not used and RFC3986 doesn't use it.
+
+Sun Jun 22 09:10:09 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb: raise exception when given a URI string
+	  has non ASCII in order to keep the regexp compiled for US-ASCII.
+
+Sun Jun 22 09:05:42 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI::REGEXP): move to lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb.
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI::Parser): ditto.
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI.split): use RFC3986_Parser. [Feature #2542]
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI.parse): ditto.
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI.join): ditto.
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI.extract): deprecated.
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI.regexp): ditto.
+
+	* lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb: added.
+
+	* lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb: added.
+
+Sun Jun 22 09:04:50 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (initialize): as previous commit, fix arg_check
+
+Sun Jun 22 09:01:47 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/ftp.rb (initialize): argument checking flag is arg_check,
+	  but arg[-1] is fragment.
+
+	* lib/uri/ftp.rb (initialize): explicitly specify arguments.
+
+Sat Jun 21 12:50:32 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/extconf.rb: supply 0 to fill RUBY_LIBFFI_MODVERSION
+	  with 3-digit.  libffi 3.1 returns just 2-digit.
+	  [ruby-core:62920] [Bug #9897]
+
+Sat Jun 21 07:06:13 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* encoding.c (enc_find): [DOC] never accepted a symbol.
+	  [ruby-dev:48308] [Bug #9966]
+
+Fri Jun 20 17:15:43 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/lib/tracepointchecker.rb: add to check TracePoint healthiness.
+
+	* test/runner.rb: use it.
+
+Fri Jun 20 07:26:44 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: rewrite tests with
+	  assert_consistent_call_return().
+
+	  assert_consistent_call_return() is also modified to check
+	  consistency.
+
+Fri Jun 20 07:07:28 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (rb_iseq_compile_node): put start label of block after
+	  trace (b_call).
+	  [Bug #9964]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test.
+
+	  added assert_consistent_call_return() method check call/return
+	  consistency.
+
+Fri Jun 20 05:26:27 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_catch_protect): fix same problem of [Bug #9961].
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_iterate): ditto.
+
+Thu Jun 19 21:41:30 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_rewind_cfp): add new function to rewind specified cfp
+	  with invoking RUBY_EVENT_C_RETURN.
+	  [Bug #9961]
+
+	* vm_core.h: ditto.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_protect): use it.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_rescue2): ditto.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_iterate): ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test.
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_rewind_cfp): add the prototype declaration.
+
+Thu Jun 19 19:47:21 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (invoke_block_from_c): move call/return event timing for
+	  bmethod. It can invoke inconsistent call event if this call raises
+	  argument error.
+	  [Bug #9959]
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_bmethod_body): ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test.
+
+Thu Jun 19 18:14:47 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: add VM_FRAME_MAGIC_RESCUE to recognize normal block or
+	  rescue clause.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_exec): use VM_FRAME_MAGIC_RESCUE on at rescue/ensure.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: should not invoke b_return at rescue
+	  clause.
+	  [Bug #9957]
+
+	* vm_dump.c (control_frame_dump): check VM_FRAME_MAGIC_RESCUE.
+
+	* vm_dump.c (vm_stack_dump_each): ditto.
+
+Thu Jun 19 13:39:11 2014  Arne Brasseur  <arne@arnebrasseur.net>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_method_curry): Implement Method#curry, which delegates
+	  to to_proc.curry.  [ruby-core:62212] [Feature #9783]
+
+Tue Jun 17 16:41:49 2014  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (gets, readline): read lines without LF properly.
+	  [ruby-core:63205] [Bug #9949]
+
+	* test/net/ftp/test_buffered_socket.rb: related test.
+
+Tue Jun 17 12:35:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (extract_raise_opts): pass unknown options to the
+	  exception, so that exception class can receive a hash argument.
+	  [ruby-core:63203] [Feature #8257]
+
+Tue Jun 17 12:24:57 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (obj_memsize_of): memsize_of(T_ZOMBIE) returns 0, not a rb_bug.
+	  ObjectSpace.count_objects_size() uses memsize_of(T_ZOMBIE).
+
+	  This bug introduced at r46348.
+
+Mon Jun 16 19:00:11 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/runner.rb: failure message should be passed as an argument.
+
+Mon Jun 16 18:42:57 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/runner.rb: capture TracePoint stat before setup and compare
+	  it after teardown.
+
+Mon Jun 16 14:33:56 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (open): use UTF-8 version function to support
+	  non-ascii path properly.  [ruby-core:63185] [Bug #9946]
+
+Sat Jun 14 10:54:08 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rcombinate0): remove recursion, by looping with indexes
+	  stored in `p`.
+
+	* array.c (rpermute0): remove recursion, by looping with indexes
+	  stored in `p`.
+
+	* array.c (permute0): remove recursion, by looping with indexes
+	  stored in `p`.  [ruby-core:63103] [Bug #9932]
+
+Sat Jun 14 10:52:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_resize): update capa only when buffer get
+	  reallocated.
+	  http://d.hatena.ne.jp/nagachika/20140613/ruby_trunk_changes_46413_46420#r46413
+
+Sat Jun 14 08:28:59 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* man/rake.1: [DOC] Update links for Rake, patch by @hsbt [Bug #9904]
+	  [Fixes GH-628] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/628
+
+Fri Jun 13 17:58:58 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c: add new method TracePoint.stat to debug
+	  TracePoint mechanism.
+
+	  Ruby users should not use this method. So I don't note this method
+	  in the NEWS file.
+
+	* test/runner.rb: detect zombie active TracePoints with
+	  TracePoint.stat.
+
+Fri Jun 13 17:46:31 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c: clear and restore recursive checking thread local data
+	  to avoid unexpected throw from TracePoint.
+	  [Bug #9940]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test.
+
+	* thread.c: added
+	  * rb_threadptr_reset_recursive_data(rb_thread_t *th);
+	  * rb_threadptr_restore_recursive_data(rb_thread_t *th, VALUE old);
+
+	* vm_core.h: ditto.
+
+Fri Jun 13 17:33:14 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_combination): iterate on a shared copy, and use
+	  array of indexes instead of array of chosen objects.
+	  [ruby-core:63149] [Bug #9939]
+
+	* array.c (yield_indexed_values): extract from permute0(),
+	  rpermute0(), and rcombinate0().
+
+Fri Jun 13 13:42:58 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_permutation): `p` is the array of size `r`, as
+	  commented at permute0().  since `n >= r` here, buffer overflow
+	  never happened, just reduce unnecessary allocation though.
+
+Thu Jun 12 20:32:28 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_resize): should consider the capacity instead
+	  of the old length, as pointed out by nagachika.
+
+Thu Jun 12 18:31:01 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/net/http/responses.rb: added Net::HTTPPermanentRedirect(308)
+	  Contributed by @yorkie [fix GH-638]
+
+Thu Jun 12 13:27:38 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_freeze): shrink the buffer before freezing, as
+	  pointed out by Eric Wong at [ruby-core:63119].
+
+Thu Jun 12 13:09:03 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (expand_path): shrink expanded path which no longer needs
+	  rooms to append.  [ruby-core:63114] [Bug #9934]
+
+Wed Jun 11 17:37:48 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (rb_cv_scalar_pthread_t): pthread_t is not required
+	  to be a scalar type.
+
+	* thread.c (fill_thread_id_string, thread_id_str): dump pthread_t
+	  in hexadecimal form if it is not a scalar type, assume it can be
+	  represented in a pointer form otherwise.  based on the patch by
+	  Rei Odaira at [ruby-core:62867].  [ruby-core:62857] [Bug #9884]
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (Init_native_thread, thread_start_func_1),
+	  (native_thread_create): set thread_id_str if needed.
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_thread_t): add thread_id_string if needed.
+
+Wed Jun 11 01:53:22 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: invoke GC before memory allocation (xmalloc/xrealloc)
+	  when GC.stress = true.
+	  [Bug #9859]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: add a test.
+
+Tue Jun 10 13:20:14 2014  Takeyuki FUJIOKA  <xibbar@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/cgi/core.rb: Provide a mechanism to specify the
+	  max_multipart_length of multipart data.
+	  [Feature #8370] patch by Leif Eriksen <leif.eriksen.au@gmail.com>
+
+Tue Jun 10 10:57:07 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb (CSV#<<): honor explicitly given encoding.  based on
+	  the patch by DAISUKE TANIWAKI <daisuketaniwaki AT gmail.com> at
+	  [ruby-core:62113].  [Bug #9766]
+
+Mon Jun  9 20:40:48 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: change full GC timing to keep lower memory usage.
+
+	  Extend heap only at
+	  (1) after major GC
+	  or
+	  (2) after several (two times, at current) minor GC
+
+	  Details in https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/9607#note-9
+	  [Bug #9607]
+
+Mon Jun  9 16:01:41 2014  Masahiro Ide  <imasahiro9@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (gcdebug_sentinel): fix typo, "sentinel" not "sential".
+	  [fix GH-634]
+
+Mon Jun  9 00:04:25 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (posix_fadvise): disable use of posix_fadvise
+	  itself on 32-bit AIX.  [ruby-core:62968] [Bug #9914]
+
+Sun Jun  8 23:28:00 2014    <kanemoto@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_advise): AIX currently does not support a 32-bit call to
+	  posix_fadvise() if _LARGE_FILES is defined. Patch by Rei Odaira.
+	  [ruby-core:62968] [Bug #9914]
+
+Sun Jun  8 04:52:40 2014  Jun Hiroe  <Jun.Hiroe@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_slice_bang): [DOC] update return value against
+	  a fixnum, which has changed because of M17N.  [fix GH-631]
+
+Sat Jun  7 22:13:42 2014  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* numeric.c (do_coerce): Add a warning when an exception is raised
+	  or an invalid value is returned in #coerce called by
+	  numeric comparison operators and the exception
+	  thrown by the caller has no information on the failure.
+	  In the next release such exception should not be rescued or
+	  should be the cause of the caller exception. nil is accepted
+	  as the "no possible coercion" return value. See #7688.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_numeric.rb: Add corresponding test.
+
+Sat Jun  7 18:15:33 2014  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* numeric.c (bit_coerce): remove constant parameter `err'
+	  (always TRUE) of bit_coerce().
+
+Sat Jun  7 16:01:57 2014  Yutaka Kanemoto  <kanemoto@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cont.c (rb_fiber_struct): keep context.uc_stack.ss_sp and context.uc_stack.ss_size
+	  for later use. Patch by Rei Odaira. [ruby-core:62945] [Bug #9905]
+
+Sat Jun  7 12:51:51 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (read_all): truncate the buffer before appending read data,
+	  instead of truncating before reading.
+	  [ruby-core:55951] [Bug #8625]
+
+Sat Jun  7 12:28:53 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/digest/digest.c (rb_digest_instance_equal): no need to call
+	  `to_s` twice.  [Bug #9913]
+
+Sat Jun  7 11:35:01 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_mod_initialize_clone): Override Kernel#initialize_clone
+	  to avoid an exception on Class.new.freeze.clone.to_s.
+	  Reported by Andrew Grimm.  [ruby-core:41858] [Bug #5828]
+
+Sat Jun  7 06:03:11 2014  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/digest/digest.c (rb_digest_instance_equal):
+	  fix #== for non-string arguments. [ruby-core:62967] [Bug #9913]
+
+	* test/digest/test_digest.rb: add test for above.
+
+Fri Jun  6 22:19:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (private_recv_p): check by node type, instead of a
+	  magic number.
+
+	* node.h (NODE_PRIVATE_RECV), parse.y (attrset_gen): remove
+
+Fri Jun  6 17:07:08 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each), parse.y (new_attr_op_assign_gen):
+	  allow op assign to a private attribute.
+	  [ruby-core:62949] [Bug #9907]
+
+Fri Jun  6 13:39:32 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (io_setstrbuf, io_read): should not shorten the given buffer until
+	  read succeeds.  [ruby-core:55951] [Bug #8625]
+
+Fri Jun  6 07:41:41 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: dump empty symbols with a
+	  tag so that they can be parsed on input. [Bug #9873] [ruby-core:62825]
+	* test/psych/test_symbol.rb: test for change
+
+Thu Jun  5 16:08:39 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_page_sweep): refactoring.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_page_sweep): should not set, but add final_slots into
+	  sweep_page->final_slots.
+
+Thu Jun  5 14:36:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (jemalloc): check for the header regardless drop-in
+	  libjemalloc is found, for `malloc_conf` declaration.
+
+	* version.c (ruby_show_version): show `malloc_conf` if set.
+	  [Feature #9113]
+
+	* configure.in (with-jemalloc): also check for header, for ABIs
+	  which JEMALLOC_MANGLE is needed, i.e., Mach-O and PE-COFF
+	  platforms.  [ruby-core:62939] [Feature #9113]
+
+	* include/ruby/missing.h: include alternative malloc header to
+	  replace memory management functions.
+
+	* dln.c, io.c, parse.y, st.c: undef malloc family before
+	  re-definition to suppress warnings.
+
+Thu Jun  5 12:52:18 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* man/ruby.1: remove rubyforge entry.
+
+Thu Jun  5 12:45:32 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* misc/README: use github link instead of rubyforge.
+
+Thu Jun  5 10:03:29 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (obj_free): check also FL_PROMOTED bit by RVALUE_OLD_P().
+
+Thu Jun  5 03:45:28 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* configure.in: add --with-jemalloc option
+	  [ruby-core:62912]
+
+Wed Jun  4 22:28:14 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: introduce RZombie to manage zombie objects.
+	  Rewrite finalizing logics with this type.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_verify_internal_consistency): verify zombie (finalizing)
+	  objects count.
+
+Wed Jun  4 22:09:53 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (match_aref, rb_reg_regsub): consider encoding of captured
+	  names, encoding-incompatible should not match.
+	  [ruby-dev:48278] [Bug #9903]
+
+Wed Jun  4 21:23:52 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (match_aref): should not ignore name after NUL byte.
+	  [ruby-dev:48275] [Bug #9902]
+
+Wed Jun  4 04:08:37 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (core_hash_merge_kwd): should return the result hash, which
+	  may be converted from and differ from the given argument.
+	  [ruby-core:62921] [Bug #9898]
+
+Tue Jun  3 23:32:34 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (load_file_internal2): Extracted from load_file_internal.
+	  (load_file_internal): Invoke load_file_internal2 using rb_protect.
+	  Close an opened FD if load_file_internal2 raises an exception.
+
+Tue Jun  3 19:11:45 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace_free): should not rest_sweep() here.
+	  Some data structures are already freed.
+
+Tue Jun  3 18:43:51 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: allocate more objects to invoke GC by newobj.
+	  GC allows extending pages depends on heap_increment.
+
+Tue Jun  3 18:01:27 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_gc_call_finalizer_at_exit): add
+	  gc_verify_internal_consistency() when RGENGC_CHECK_MODE >= 2.
+
+Tue Jun  3 17:54:21 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: change the counting method for young objects.
+	  clear counter at the beginning of every GC and
+	  count promoted (infant->young) objects.
+
+	  Some promotions (infant->young) are transition of promoting to old
+	  objects. We should not count such promotions.
+
+	  With this technique, we don't need to check young objects
+	  at obj_free().
+
+Tue Jun  3 16:38:19 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: add verifying counters code in gc_verify_internal_consistency().
+	  gc_verify_internal_consistency() counts all
+	  - live objects
+	  - young objects (if age2 promotion)
+	  - old objects
+	  in all pages and compares with objspace managing counters.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_after_sweep): do gc_verify_internal_consistency()
+	  when RGENGC_CHECK_MODE >= 2.
+
+Tue Jun  3 13:14:04 2014  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb (body_type_1part): Gmail IMAP reports a body
+	  type as "MIXED" followed immediately by params
+	  [ruby-core:62864] [Bug #9885]
+	  Patch by @rayners (David Raynes). [Fixes GH-622]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/622
+
+Tue Jun  3 13:18:24 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (objspace_live_slot): live slot count should not include final
+	  slot (contains T_ZOMBIE) count.
+
+Tue Jun  3 13:03:21 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (obj_free): fix spacing.
+
+Tue Jun  3 12:59:32 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (check_gen_consistency): fix error message.
+
+Tue Jun  3 12:40:23 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: count old/young objects more correctly.
+
+	* gc.c (RVALUE_DEMOTE_FROM_OLD): decrement old object count.
+
+	* gc.c (RVALUE_DEMOTE_FROM_YOUNG): decrement young object count.
+
+	* gc.c (rb_gc_resurrect): increment old object count.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_marks_body): should not add old object count.
+	  This code is completely my misunderstanding.
+
+	* gc.c (rb_gc_force_recycle): decrement young or old object count
+	  correctly.
+
+Tue Jun  3 12:26:47 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/memory_status.rb: add $LOAD_PATH to load test/unit
+	  correctly for fiddle/import unavailable environments.
+
+Tue Jun  3 09:45:13 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb (OpenSSL::TestSSL#test_verify_result):
+	  shouldn't use same server for respective tests, because the 1st
+	  test sometimes kills the server main loop silently.
+	  [Bug #9881] [ruby-dev:48266]
+
+Tue Jun  3 01:34:59 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* README.EXT: [DOC] Add rb_call_super when subclassing from @robin850
+	  [Fixes GH-623] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/623
+
+Mon Jun  2 17:14:49 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (ruby_vm_destruct): remove useless call of
+	  rb_gc_force_recycle().
+
+	  At this line, a VM object is already freed
+	  (is changed to T_NONE) by rb_gc_call_finalizer_at_exit().
+
+Mon Jun  2 15:50:24 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_using_refinement): add write-barriers for
+	  cref->nd_refinements.
+
+Mon Jun  2 12:26:08 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* CONTRIBUTING.md: added contributing guide for github. [fix GH-625]
+
+Mon Jun  2 07:30:33 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (default_warning): New method.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_autoload.rb: Use EnvUtil.default_warning.
+
+Mon Jun  2 07:05:59 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/encoding.h: constify `rb_encoding` arguments.
+
+	* include/ruby/oniguruma.h: constify `OnigEncoding` arguments.
+
+Sun Jun  1 12:05:10 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/drb: Wrap tests definitions by DRbTests module.  This makes
+	  several tests (ACLEntryTest, TestBug4409, etc.) easier to understand
+	  that they are tests for DRb.
+
+Sun Jun  1 11:36:25 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/rinda/ring.rb (RingFinger#make_socket): Close the socket on
+	  exception.
+
+Sun Jun  1 06:55:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (intern_str): dynamic attrset ID is registered by
+	  `rb_id_attrset()` already, so no further registration is needed.
+	  [ruby-core:62861]
+
+Sun Jun  1 04:52:47 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/English.rb: [DOC] $LOADED_FEATURES moved to load.c [Fixes GH-620]
+	  Patch submitted by @leafac in https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/620
+	* doc/globals.rdoc: Added $LOADED_FEATURES to list
+
+Sat May 31 22:30:14 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/leakchecker.rb: Leak checker extracted from
+	  test/lib/minitest/unit.rb.
+
+Sat May 31 21:15:43 2014  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_atfork_internal): My compiler complains
+	  about this variable being used before initialized. I looked at
+	  the code and expanded the macro and turned out it was actually
+	  USED for pointer arithmetic, not dereferenced.  So this was
+	  never a serious bug.  But is annoying indeed to see warnings
+	  every time.  I added `=0` and all went healthy.
+
+	* configure.in: Also, I found that the problematic macro expansion
+	  only happens when we lack __typeof__ C extension, which shall
+	  not be the case of my compiler.  I added AC_C_TYPEOF to kick ass.
+
+Sat May 31 16:32:50 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/ipaddr.rb: extracted inline tests into test dir.
+	* test/test_ipaddr.rb: ditto.
+
+Sat May 31 16:29:21 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/digest/lib/digest/hmac.rb: extracted inline tests into test dir.
+	* test/digest/test_digest_hmac.rb: ditto.
+
+Sat May 31 16:02:03 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/test_syslog.rb: remove executable.
+
+Sat May 31 08:58:32 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c (init_case_fold_table): no longer need to
+	  initialize tables at runtime.
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb (lookup_hash): make perfect hash to
+	  lookup case unfolding table 3.
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb (lookup_hash): make perfect hash to
+	  lookup case unfolding table 2.
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb (lookup_hash): make perfect hash to
+	  lookup case unfolding table 1.
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb (lookup_hash): make perfect hash to
+	  lookup case folding table.
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb (print_table): merge non-locale and
+	  locale tables, and reduce initializing loops.
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb (CaseFolding): modularize, and add
+	  --output-file option.
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb: script to convert CaseFolding.txt,
+	  translated from CaseFolding.py.
+
+Sat May 31 08:31:41 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Check Tempfile leaks for each test method
+	  again.
+
+Sat May 31 03:50:50 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/delegate.rb: [DOC] Document raise in Delegator class
+	  Patch by @lucasmazza. [Fixes GH-621]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/621
+
+Fri May 30 21:23:26 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/server.rb: Use a pipe to detect server shutdown.
+	  shutdown() or close() for listening socket is not a reliable.
+	  Actually, both doesn't work (doesn't wake up select()) on
+	  DragonFly BSD 3.6.2.
+
+	* test/webrick/utils.rb: :ShutdownSocketWithoutClose is not required
+	  now to immediate server shutdown detection.
+	  This fixes fd leaks.
+
+	* test/net/http/utils.rb: Ditto.
+
+Fri May 30 20:58:37 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb (check_fd_leak): Sort the inspected
+	  objects list for a FD.
+
+Fri May 30 18:06:55 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb (check_fd_leak): Try GC to delete leaked
+	  FDs.
+
+Fri May 30 12:05:59 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit/parallel.rb (_run_suite): orig_stdout may be nil
+	  though I don't know the reason.
+
+Fri May 30 11:33:35 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_substr): need to reset code range for shared
+	  string too, not only copied string.
+	  [ruby-core:62842] [Bug #9882]
+
+Fri May 30 10:22:21 2014  Mark Lorenz  <mlorenz@covermymeds.com>
+
+	* lib/erb.rb (result): [DOC] no longer accepts a Proc, as
+	  Kernel.eval does not.  [fix GH-619]
+
+Fri May 30 07:25:46 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/-test-/dir: Dir#fileno implemented.
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb (find_fds): Don't return the fd used to
+	  scan /proc/$$/fd.
+
+Fri May 30 04:48:00 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* parse.y (rb_gc_mark_parser): remove, empty since r8758
+	* internal.h: ditto, not usable from extensions since 2.0.0
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_roots): remove checkpoint for parser
+
+Thu May 29 23:27:50 2014  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* signal.c (ruby_signal): should return either `old.sa_sigaction`
+	  or `old.sa_handler`, depending on whether `SA_SIGINFO` is set in
+	  `old.sa_flags`, because they may not be a union.
+	  [ruby-core:62836] [Bug #9878]
+
+Thu May 29 23:11:20 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* io.c (pipe_open): Close pipes when rb_execarg_fixup() raises
+	  an exception.
+	  (rb_execarg_fixup_v): New function.
+
+Thu May 29 22:18:57 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb (capture_subprocess_io): Close fds.
+
+Thu May 29 19:47:08 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_s_pipe): Close pipes if io_encoding_set() raises an
+	  exception.
+	  (io_encoding_set_v): New function.
+
+Thu May 29 19:42:49 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb (CSV.open): Close the opened file when an exception
+	  occur.
+
+Thu May 29 19:31:10 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (SSLServer#accept): Close a socket
+	  if any exception occur.
+
+Thu May 29 05:05:29 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: Hide Symbol internals.
+	  (struct RSymbol): moved to internal.h
+	  (RSYMBOL): ditto
+
+Thu May 29 00:28:56 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/unixsocket.c (rsock_init_unixsock): Open a socket
+	  after path length check.
+	  This fixes a fd leak by TestSocket_UNIXSocket#test_too_long_path.
+
+Wed May 28 23:04:35 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_flush_in_finalizer1): Use
+	  ObjectSpace.each_object to close files.
+	  GC.start is not reliable.
+
+Wed May 28 19:00:31 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb (Net::IMAP#initialize): Close the opened socket when
+	  any exception occur.
+	  This fixes a fd leak by IMAPTest#test_imaps_post_connection_check
+	  which start_tls_session() raises an exception.
+
+Wed May 28 18:06:13 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_close): Fix sync_close to work
+	  when SSL is not started.
+	  This fix the fd leak by test_https_proxy_authentication in
+	  test/net/http/test_https_proxy.rb.
+
+Wed May 28 10:29:28 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_living_threads_foreach): remove function
+	  [ruby-core:62745]
+	* thread.c (terminate_i): remove
+	* thread.c (terminate_all): implement (inlines old terminate_i)
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_terminate_all): use terminate_all
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_fd_close_i): remove
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_fd_close): iterate inline
+	* thread.c (thread_list_i): remove
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_list): iterate inline
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_atfork_internal): iterate inline
+	* thread.c (terminate_atfork_i): update types to remove casts
+	* thread.c (terminate_atfork_before_exec_i): ditto
+	* thread.c (struct thgroup_list_params): remove definition
+	* thread.c (thgroup_list_i): remove
+	* thread.c (thgroup_list): iterate inline
+	* thread.c (check_deadlock_i): remove
+	* thread.c (debug_deadlock_check): implement (inlines check_deadlock_i)
+	* thread.c (debug_i): remove
+	* thread.c (rb_check_deadlock): iterate inline
+	* vm.c (vm_mark_each_thread_func): remove
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_mark): iterate inline
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_living_threads_remove): remove
+	* vm_trace.c (clear_trace_func_i): remove
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_clear_trace_func): iterate inline
+
+Wed May 28 09:30:51 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* signal.c (signal_exec): ignore immediate cmd for SIG_IGN
+	* signal.c (trap_handler): set cmd to true for SIG_IGN
+	* signal.c (trap): handle nil and true values for oldcmd
+	  [Bug #9835]
+
+Wed May 28 01:02:54 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/tempfile.rb (Tempfile#inspect): Show "(closed)" if the tempfile
+	  is closed.
+
+Wed May 28 00:38:09 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Use Tempfile#close! instead of
+	  Tempfile#unlink to close file descriptors.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_config.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: Ditto.
+
+Wed May 28 00:06:18 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (transfercmd): Close TCP server socket even if an
+	  exception occur.
+
+Tue May 27 23:50:07 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/cgi/core.rb: Use Tempfile#close! instead of Tempfile#unlink
+	  to close file descriptors.
+
+Tue May 27 23:06:46 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_number_literal_suffix): refine error message for
+	  extra dot and digits.
+
+Tue May 27 22:44:20 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/rexml: Avoid fd leaks.
+
+Tue May 27 22:24:25 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_document.rb: Indent.
+
+Tue May 27 22:15:29 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_document.rb: Wrap by REXMLTests module.
+
+Tue May 27 22:11:10 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_encoding_2.rb: Remove a needless file.
+
+Tue May 27 22:10:30 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_contrib.rb: Indent.
+
+Tue May 27 21:28:16 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ifaddr.c (ifaddr_inspect_flags): support IFF_SIMPLEX.
+
+Tue May 27 21:03:03 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/: Use REXMLTests as wrapping module for REXML tests.
+	  I avoid using the same module for library in test because
+	  it provides "include REXML" environment in test. Normally,
+	  users don't use REXML on "include REXML" environment. So I
+	  don't want to write tests on "include REXML" environment.
+
+Tue May 27 20:59:37 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_comment.rb: Remove needless REXML module wrapping.
+
+Tue May 27 20:56:49 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkcs7.rb: Fix inverted expected and actual values.
+
+Tue May 27 20:26:06 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_flush_in_finalizer1): some opened fds are
+	  remain before GC, so unlink the tempfile is failed.
+
+Tue May 27 19:07:26 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_autoclose_p): Don't raise on frozen IO.
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: IO#autoclose? may raise IOError.
+
+Tue May 27 19:01:49 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pair.rb: Modify TestSSL#test_read_and_write
+	  to handle partial sysreads. [Bug #7398][ruby-core:49563]
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: ditto.
+
+Tue May 27 18:46:23 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkcs7.rb: Add tests for PKCS7#type= and add_data.
+	  [Feature #7399][ruby-core:49565]
+
+Tue May 27 17:45:09 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_hmac.rb (test_binary_update): Added Test for
+	  HMAC signing with UTF-8 String. [Bug #7512][ruby-core:50559]
+
+Tue May 27 17:10:14 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/runner.rb: fixed randomly test failure.
+	  [Bug #6573][ruby-core:45563]
+
+Tue May 27 16:58:12 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/test_timeout.rb (test_timeout): inverted test condition.
+	  [Bug #8523]
+
+Tue May 27 12:24:22 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Show leaked file descriptors.
+
+Tue May 27 11:12:56 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_fileno, rb_io_inspect): non-modification does not
+	  error on frozen IO.  [ruby-dev:48241] [Bug #9865]
+
+Tue May 27 00:00:21 2014  yui-knk  <spiketeika@gmail.com>
+
+	* insns.def (defineclass): fix typo in the instruction comment.
+	  [fix GH-618]
+
+Mon May 26 16:33:15 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file.rb: skip the test of atime on Windows, because
+	  Windows delays updating atime about 1 hour.
+	  see more details:
+	    http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724290%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
+
+Mon May 26 12:25:36 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/optionparser.rb, lib/optparse.rb (OptParse): aliases.
+	  [ruby-core:62751] [Feature #9864]
+
+Mon May 26 07:59:34 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Show Finished threads line-by-line.
+
+Mon May 26 01:39:02 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb: Reject nil as data source for CSV.new, patch by @Peeja.
+	  [Fixes GH-580] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/580
+
+Mon May 26 01:07:51 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Show leaked threads and tempfiles
+	  line-by-line.
+
+Sun May 25 23:02:06 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb (MiniTest::Assertions#diff): Remove
+	  tempfiles.
+
+Sun May 25 22:42:27 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Check tempfile leak for each test class.
+
+Sun May 25 20:31:49 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (ac_cv_func_{getcontext,setcontext}): do not
+	  disable ucontext.h entirely, but disable use of functions only.
+	  `ucontext_t` is necessary in the signal handler now.
+
+Sun May 25 20:00:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* signal.c (check_stack_overflow): revert part of r46100, the
+	  previous condition was correct, and fix compilation error on
+	  other architecture linux.  [ruby-core:62746] [Bug #9862]
+
+Sun May 25 17:09:13 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Less ObjectSpace.each_object(Tempfile)
+	  invocation.
+
+Sun May 25 16:54:06 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Use Thread.list instead of
+	  ObjectSpace.each_object(Thread).
+
+Sun May 25 15:53:54 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/rinda/ring.rb (Rinda::RingServer#shutdown): Join the killed
+	  threads.
+
+Sun May 25 15:26:17 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/utils.rb: Override the inspect method of the thread
+	  used in WEBrick::Utils::TimeoutHandler.
+
+Sun May 25 14:22:30 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/openssl: Join threads.
+
+Sun May 25 12:46:47 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (rb_bug_context): new function to report bug with
+	  context.
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): accepts `ucontext_t` argument to
+	  dump machine registers.  based on [GH-584].
+
+	* signal.c (sigbus, sigsegv): dump machine registers if available.
+
+Sun May 25 12:32:42 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Sort leaked threads and tempfiles.
+
+Sun May 25 12:15:30 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* signal.c (check_stack_overflow): fix condition to use ucontext
+	  register, mcontext_t dereference, and its member names, on Mac
+	  OS X.
+
+Sun May 25 11:58:26 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* enumerator.c: [DOC] Fix example to show Enumerator#peek behavior
+	  Patch by Erik Hollembeak [Bug #9814]
+
+Sun May 25 11:56:33 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): fix string width when precision is
+	  given.  as the result of `memchr` is NULL or its offset from the
+	  start cannot exceed the size, the comparison was always false.
+	  [ruby-core:62737] [Bug #9861]
+
+Sun May 25 11:32:42 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/yaml.rb: Remove Psych::EngineManager [Bug #8344]
+	* test/psych/*: ditto.
+
+Sun May 25 10:34:15 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* doc/regexp.rdoc: [DOC] Clarify whitespace matching by @allolex
+	  [Fixes GH-606] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/606
+
+Sun May 25 10:19:34 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* enum.c: [DOC] Use #find in example to clarify alias by @rachellogie
+	  Patch submitted via documenting-ruby/ruby#34
+
+Sun May 25 10:16:43 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* cont.c: [DOC] Fix rdoc in example for Fiber#transfer by @majjoha
+	  Patch submitted via documenting-ruby/ruby#33
+
+Sun May 25 10:01:11 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/irb.rb: [DOC] Fixed syntax error in example by @jasdeepsingh.
+	  Patch submitted via documenting-ruby/ruby#32
+
+Sun May 25 09:58:02 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb (test_chown_R): Add tests for
+	  chown_R. [Feature #9383][ruby-core:59641]
+
+Sun May 25 09:57:09 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb: Added recursively chown tests.
+	  [Feature #9303][ruby-core:59325]
+
+Sun May 25 09:41:56 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* class.c: [DOC] Fixed grammar and examples of instance_methods.
+	  By @alex-frost via documenting-ruby/ruby#31
+
+Sun May 25 09:40:44 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb: Show leaked threads and tempfiles.
+
+Sun May 25 08:54:38 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_partial_record_read.rb: Testing read_nonblock on
+	  a partial TLS record results in IO::WaitReadable by @mohamedhafez.
+	  [fix GH-547]
+
+Sun May 25 08:43:16 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb: refactored to include Logger::Period.
+
+Sun May 25 06:50:19 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* vm_eval.c: [DOC] Improve instance_eval description when given a
+	  block or String arguments. By @nathanl via documenting-ruby/ruby#28
+
+Sun May 25 06:29:39 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* array.c: [DOC] Clarify default argument for Array.new.
+	  By @Elffers [Fixes GH-610]
+
+Sat May 24 22:37:20 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c: [DOC] Add more documents to shuffle! and shuffle.
+	  Contributed by @JuanitoFatas [ci skip][fix GH-612]
+
+Sat May 24 22:28:55 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/.document: removed unused configuration.
+
+Sat May 24 19:08:47 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/spec.rb: Unused file removed.
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/autorun.rb: Don't require minitest/spec.
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/benchmark.rb: Ditto.
+
+Sat May 24 18:45:30 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/benchmark/test_benchmark.rb: Use test/unit.
+
+Sat May 24 16:20:59 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* process.c (proc_getgroups, proc_setgroups): use ALLOCV_N
+	  [Bug #9856]
+
+Sat May 24 15:49:39 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/unit.rb (parallelize_me!): Removed.
+	  This fixes the line-by-line structure of the test result in verbose
+	  mode.  [ruby-core:54905]
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/parallel_each.rb: Removed.
+
+	* test/minitest/test_minitest_mock.rb: Don't call parallelize_me!.
+
+	* test/minitest/test_minitest_spec.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/minitest/test_minitest_unit.rb: Ditto.
+	  Tests for parallel feature removed.
+
+Sat May 24 15:29:10 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/hell.rb: Unused file removed.
+
+	* test/lib/minitest/pride.rb: Ditto.
+
+Sat May 24 15:05:32 2014  yui-knk  <spiketeika@gmail.com>
+
+	* enumerator.c (yielder_yield_push): Insert a break after the
+	  method return value.  [fix GH-617]
+
+Sat May 24 14:59:12 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/minitest: Remove comments not appropriate now.
+
+	* test/minitest: Ditto.
+
+Sat May 24 14:02:04 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* NEWS: added minitest changes.
+
+Sat May 24 13:42:46 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit/test-unit.gemspec: removed needless gemspec file.
+
+Sat May 24 09:39:06 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* defs/default_gems: removed minitest entry.
+
+Sat May 24 06:17:33 2014  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
+
+	*  lib/minitest: minitest 4.7.5 removed. Need to support proper
+	  gem packaging / installation before minitest 5 can be added.
+
+Sat May 24 05:54:06 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/mkconstants.rb: More constants
+
+Sat May 24 00:25:34 2014  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
+
+	* NEWS: add information of incompatibility about Prime.prime?
+	* lib/prime.rb: fix docs.
+
+Fri May 23 21:36:28 2014  Josh Goebel  <dreamer3@gmail.com>
+
+	* net/protocol.rb (using_each_crlf_line): fix SMTP dot-stuffing
+	  for messages not ending with a new-line.
+	  [ruby-core:61441] [Bug #9627] [fix GH-616]
+
+Fri May 23 03:48:08 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_free_m_tbl): mark function as static
+
+	* method.h (rb_free_m_tbl): remove prototype
+
+Thu May 22 22:58:27 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/mkconstants.rb: More TCP option constants.
+	  Describe Linux and glibc versions.
+
+Thu May 22 20:38:10 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (stat_birthtime): add birthtime support [Feature #9647]
+
+	* file.c (rb_stat_birthtime): add File::Stat.birthtime
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_s_birthtime): add File.birthtime
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_birthtime): add File#birthtime
+
+	* configure.in: check struct stat.st_birthtimespec.
+
+Thu May 22 19:38:14 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c: remove IO::Statfs because of reject. [Feature #9772]
+
+Thu May 22 14:02:13 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/jis/props.kwd: constify character property tables of JIS
+	  based encodings by perfect hash.
+
+	* enc/euc_jp.c, enc/shift_jis.c: use character property functions.
+
+Wed May 21 12:21:10 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c: Fix compilation error on Android.
+	  Bionic doesn't define TCP state constants.
+
+Wed May 21 11:42:31 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: workaround for Info.plist to get rid of `dsymutil`
+	  crash by wrong files in parent directories.
+	  [ruby-core:62594] [Bug #9840]
+
+Tue May 20 20:57:34 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_dir.rb (test_glob): added testcase of double
+	  slash path.
+
+Tue May 20 04:58:54 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: Don't check fields of struct tcp_info if the
+	  structure is not available.
+
+Mon May 19 23:13:33 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c (inspect_tcp_info): Permit longer data.  (glibc
+	  2.7 adds tcpi_rcv_rtt, tcpi_rcv_space and tcpi_total_retrans to
+	  struct tcp_info.)
+
+Mon May 19 20:49:07 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c (inspect_tcp_info): New function to inspect
+	  struct tcp_info.
+	  (sockopt_inspect): Use inspect_tcp_info.
+
+	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: Check tcp_info related things.
+
+	* ext/socket/rubysocket.h: Include netinet/tcp_fsm.h if available.
+
+Mon May 19 19:36:39 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/dbm/test_dbm.rb: Use Etc.uname.
+
+	* test/gdbm/test_gdbm.rb: Ditto.
+
+Mon May 19 16:54:22 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_uname): add support for Windows using
+	  GetVersionExW(), GetSystemInfo(), and GetComputerNameExW() with
+	  `ComputerNameDnsHostname`.  [Feature #9842]
+
+Mon May 19 16:29:48 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_pat_search): advance by byte offset but not by char
+	  offset.  [ruby-core:62669] [Bug #9849]
+
+Mon May 19 14:06:18 2014  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* bin/testrb: Removed. Forgot to remove in r45971.
+	  [Feature #9711] [ruby-core:62620]
+
+Sun May 18 16:42:08 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_m17n_comb.rb (test_str_crypt): Use Etc.confstr to
+	  detect the glibc version.
+	  libc.so is not an executable on Debian GNU/kFreeBSD 7.0 (wheezy).
+
+Sun May 18 12:15:54 2014  Jonathan Mukai-Heidt  <johnnymukai@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (argf_each_line, argf_inplace_mode_set): [DOC] Update ARGF
+	  documentation examples.  `ARGF.lines` has been deprecated in
+	  favor of `ARGF.each_line`.  [Fixes GH-615]
+
+Sun May 18 11:59:25 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* missing/nextafter.c: Include ruby/missing.h.
+
+Sun May 18 11:09:28 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub: Add nextafter.obj to MISSING.
+
+Sun May 18 10:46:04 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c: Etc.sysconf, Etc.confstr and IO#pathconf implemented.
+
+	* ext/etc/extconf.rb: Check sysconf(), confstr() and fpathconf().
+
+	* ext/etc/mkconstants.rb: New file.
+
+	   [ruby-core:62600] [Feature #9842]
+
+Sun May 18 09:58:17 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c: Etc.uname method implemented.
+
+	* ext/etc/extconf.rb: Check uname() function.
+
+	  [ruby-core:62139] [Feature #9770]
+
+Sun May 18 09:16:33 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* configure.in: Check nextafter() availability.
+
+	* include/ruby/missing.h (nextafter): New optional declaration.
+
+	* missing/nextafter.c: New file.
+
+	* numeric.c: Float#next_float and Float#prev_float implemented.
+
+	   [ruby-core:62562] [Feature #9834]
+
+Sun May 18 09:02:17 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enum.c: Enumerable#slice_after implemented.
+
+	* enumerator.c: Enumerator::Lazy#slice_after implemented.
+
+	  Requested by Tsuyoshi Sawada.  [ruby-core:58123] [Feature #9071]
+
+Sun May 18 08:22:25 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (io_setstrbuf): always check if the buffer is modifiable.
+	  [ruby-core:62643] [Bug #9847]
+
+Sun May 18 01:21:23 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: Hide Rational internal.
+	  (RRational): Moved to internal.h
+	  (RRATIONAL): Ditto.
+	  (RRATIONAL_SET_NUM): Moved to rational.c.
+	  (RRATIONAL_SET_DEN): Ditto.
+
+	* rational.c (rb_rational_num): New function.
+	  (rb_rational_den): Ditto.
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_rational_num): Declared.
+	  (rb_rational_den): Ditto.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c: Follow the above change.
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: Ditto.
+
+	  [ruby-core:60665] [Feature #9513]
+
+Sat May 17 17:04:32 2014  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* NEWS: Add news about removal of lib/test/**/*.rb.
+
+Sat May 17 16:57:33 2014  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* lib/test: Removed because ruby's test cases now independent to
+	  lib/test by r45970. [Feature #9711] [ruby-core:62620]
+
+	  I'm still considering about the future of lib/minitest, lib/test.
+	  (bundling gems?)
+
+Sat May 17 15:06:40 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/runner.rb: remove dependency test-unit and minitest
+	  from stdlib when running with test-all.
+	  [Feature #9711][ruby-core:61890]
+	* test/testunit/*.rb: ditto.
+	* test/lib: ditto.
+
+Sat May 17 11:02:49 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (glob_helper): try match PLAIN as well as ALPHA, which are
+	  separated by previous commits.  [ruby-core:61552] [Bug #9648]
+
+	* dir.c (glob_make_pattern): set PLAIN for non-magical path to
+	  skip parts which not need to glob.
+	  [ruby-core:61552] [Bug #9648]
+
+	* dir.c (has_magic): return ALPHA at alphabetical name regardless
+	  FNM_CASEFOLD flag.
+
+	* dir.c (glob_helper): fix conditions for ALPHA.
+	  [ruby-core:61552] [Bug #9648]
+
+Sat May 17 01:49:27 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (glob_helper): reduce matching at non-magical path on
+	  Windows.
+
+Sat May 17 01:49:23 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (glob_pattern_type): separate names with alphabet but no
+	  magical from plain.
+
+	* dir.c (glob_helper): match plain names as-is to treat super-root
+	  same as the root.  [ruby-core:61552] [Bug #9648]
+
+Fri May 16 17:38:22 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_marks, gc_marks_body): increase the counter of young objects
+	  at the major GC because AGE2Promotion changes all old objects into
+	  young objects at major GC.
+
+Fri May 16 17:26:24 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_before_sweep): heap_pages_swept_slots should contains
+	  heap_pages_increment.
+
+	  For example, GC by exceeding malloc_limit can remain
+	  heap_pages_increment.
+
+Thu May 15 21:18:43 2014  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: enable SSE2 on mingw. target='i386-pc-mingw32'.
+	  [ruby-core:62095] [Bug #8358]
+
+Thu May 15 21:04:06 2014  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: fix test-all parallel failure if a test
+	  is skipped after raise.
+	  DL::TestFunc#test_sinf is skipped after raise on mingw ruby.
+	  But it causes Marshal.load failure due to undefined class/module
+	  DL::DLError when doing test-all parallel and test-all doesn't
+	  complete. We create new MiniTest::Skip object to avoid Marshal.load
+	  failure.
+	  [ruby-core:62133] [Bug #9767]
+
+	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb (TestParallel): add a test.
+
+	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_forth.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu May 15 18:57:23 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (garbage_collect_body): move gc_heap_prepare_minimum_pages()
+	  from gc_sweep().
+
+Thu May 15 18:51:25 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (heap_extend_pages): calculate next growing heap size.
+
+	* gc.c (heap_set_increment): accept addition pages instead of
+	  minimum pages.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_after_sweep): use heap_etend_pages().
+
+	* gc.c (gc_heap_prepare_minimum_pages): add only 1 page.
+
+	* gc.c (heap_ready_to_gc): add only 1 page.
+
+Thu May 15 18:42:49 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: introduce macros to remove magic number.
+
+	  GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_MIN_RATIO = 0.3: guarantee minimum empty slots
+	                                      ratio after sweep.
+	  GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_MAX_RATIO = 0.8: allow to free pages 0.2 (= 1-0.8)
+	                                      of current existing slots.
+
+Thu May 15 17:32:51 2014  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_win32.c (rb_w32_stack_overflow_handler): use Structured
+	  Exception Handling by AddVectoredExceptionHandler() for machine
+	  stack overflow on mingw.
+	  This would be equivalent to the handling using __try and __except
+	  on mswin introduced by r43748.
+
+Wed May 14 19:31:03 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/openssl/depend: remove dependency from internal headers.
+	  [Feature #9612]
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c (ossl_fips_mode_set): ditto.
+
+	* ext/coverage/depend: ditto.
+
+	* include/ruby/thread_native.h: added.
+
+	  This header file only provides wrapper functions to control
+	  native threads. These wrapper functions are used by MRI
+	  implementation.
+
+	* vm_core.h: use include/ruby/thread_native.h.
+
+	* thread.c: ditto.
+
+	* thread_pthread.h: ditto.
+
+	* thread_win32.h: ditto.
+
+	* thread_native.h: removed.
+
+Wed May 14 18:03:28 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: enable RGENGC_AGE2_PROMOTION.
+
+Wed May 14 18:02:30 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rgengc_rememberset_mark): promote remembered object earlier.
+
+Mon May 12 23:57:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99): check whether runtime atan2
+	  handles Inf as C99. [ruby-core:62536] [Bug #9831]
+
+Mon May 12 20:33:01 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* configure.in: Invoke AC_REPLACE_FUNCS for each function.
+
+Mon May 12 19:52:11 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: count young object correctly and show it in GC.stat
+	  on RGENGC_AGE2_PROMOTION.
+
+	* gc.c (RVALUE_PROMOTE_YOUNG): decrement young object count on
+	  YOUNG->OLD.
+
+	* gc.c (obj_free): decrement young object count when young object
+	  freed.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_marks): should not clear young object count.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_stat_internal): GC.stat :young_object information.
+
+Mon May 12 01:30:59 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ifaddr.c (IS_IFADDRS): Unused macro removed.
+
+	* ext/strscan/strscan.c (BUFSIZE): Ditto.
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (OBJ_IS_FREED): Ditto.
+
+Sun May 11 22:27:18 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* compile.c (BUFSIZE): Unused macro removed.
+
+	* vm.c (BUFSIZE): Ditto.
+
+	* pack.c (INT64toNUM): Ditto.
+	  (UINT64toNUM): Ditto.
+	  (BYTEWIDTH): Ditto.
+
+	* time.c (lshift): Ditto.
+	  (UINT64toNUM): Ditto.
+	  (id_lshift): Unused variable removed.
+
+Sun May 11 21:23:27 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* pack.c (swaps): Unused macro removed.
+	  (swapi): Ditto.
+	  (swapl): Ditto.
+	  (swapll): Ditto.
+
+Sun May 11 08:02:49 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_t): list_head and counter for living_threads
+	  (rb_thread_t): vmlt_node for living_threads linkage
+	  (rb_vm_living_threads_init): new function wrapper
+	  (rb_vm_living_threads_insert): ditto
+	  (rb_vm_living_threads_remove): ditto
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_living_threads_foreach): new function wrapper
+	* thread.c (terminate_i, thread_start_func_2, thread_create_core,
+	  thread_fd_close_i, thread_fd_close): update to use new APIs
+	* vm.c (vm_mark_each_thread_func, rb_vm_mark, ruby_vm_destruct,
+	  vm_memsize, vm_init2, Init_VM): ditto
+	* vm_trace.c (clear_trace_func_i, rb_clear_trace_func): ditto
+	* benchmark/bm_vm_thread_close.rb: added to show improvement
+	* ccan/build_assert/build_assert.h: added as a dependency of list.h
+	* ccan/check_type/check_type.h: ditto
+	* ccan/container_of/container_of.h: ditto
+	* ccan/licenses/BSD-MIT: ditto
+	* ccan/licenses/CC0: ditto
+	* ccan/str/str.h: ditto (stripped of unused macros)
+	* ccan/list/list.h: ditto
+	* common.mk: add CCAN_LIST_INCLUDES
+	  [ruby-core:61871][Feature #9632 (part 1)]
+
+Sun May 11 01:10:31 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* signal.c (rb_f_kill): directly enqueue an ignored signal to self,
+	  except for SIGSEGV and SIGBUS.  [ruby-dev:48203] [Bug #9820]
+
+Sat May 10 22:37:56 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (push_glob): match in UTF-8 on Mac OS X.
+	  [ruby-dev:48213] [Bug #9825]
+
+Sat May 10 13:32:18 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_start_func_2): stop if forked in a sub-thread,
+	  the thread has become the main thread.
+	  [ruby-core:62070] [Bug #9751]
+
+Sat May 10 09:32:19 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* man/ruby.1: remove deadlink. [ruby-core:62145][Bug #9773]
+
+Sat May 10 08:47:36 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* signal.c (trap): Return "SYSTEM_DEFAULT" if SIG_DFL is set.
+
+Fri May  9 14:27:05 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_SETJMP_TYPE): check for setjmp type after
+	  CCDLFLAGS is appended to CFLAGS, since __builtin_setjmp can be
+	  affected.  [ruby-core:62469] [Bug #9818]
+
+Fri May  9 03:59:06 2014  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/delegate.rb: Fix example of using delegator.
+	  patched from Andrey Koleshko. [Fixes GH-505]
+
+Fri May  9 03:42:43 2014  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/shell.rb: add documentation in lib/shell.rb
+	  patched from reprah. [Fixes GH-516]
+
+Fri May  9 03:28:04 2014  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb: show fileutils require at top.
+	  patched from Richard Schneeman. [Fixes GH-604]
+
+Fri May  9 03:07:09 2014  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/prime.rb (Prime#prime?): negative numbers can't be primes
+	  by definition. reported by Ivan Kataitsev. [Bug #7395]
+	* test/test_prime.rb: add test.
+
+Thu May  8 14:34:29 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (rb_mod_init_copy): always clear instance variable,
+	  constant and method tables first, regardless the source tables.
+	  [ruby-dev:48182] [Bug #9813]
+
+Thu May  8 10:53:14 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: OpenBSD needs to include sys/param.h before include
+	  sys/mount.h. [ruby-dev:48167]
+
+Thu May  8 10:17:04 2014  Karsten Sperling  <karsten@sperling.co.nz>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httpserver.rb (WEBrick::HTTPServer#run): stop
+	  handling requests on shutdown, even if the socket is readable
+	  and IO.select() returns true.  [Fixes GH-607]
+
+	* lib/webrick/server.rb (WEBrick::GenericServer#start): IO.select()
+	  raises ENOTSOCK on shutdown on Windows.
+
+Wed May  7 21:45:00 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (OpenSSL::SSL::SSLServer#accept):
+	  Consider Socket#accept as well as TCPServer#accept.
+	  Reported by Sam Stelfox.  [ruby-core:62064] [Bug #9750]
+
+Wed May  7 17:24:07 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (num_step_scan_args): check keyword arguments and fail
+	  if they conflict with positional arguments.
+	  [ruby-dev:48177] [Bug #9811]
+
+Wed May  7 12:06:14 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/driver.rb: remove debug output and output results into
+	  specified file.
+
+Wed May  7 11:55:40 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/driver.rb: add '--rawdata-output=[FILE] option to output
+	  raw results into FILE.
+
+Wed May  7 11:25:41 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_f_local_variables): exclude variables hidden by
+	  shadowing.  [ruby-core:60501] [Bug #9486]
+
+	* vm.c (collect_local_variables_in_iseq): ditto.
+
+Tue May  6 23:29:05 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (new_bv_gen): no duplicated names, if already added in
+	  shadowing_lvar().
+
+	* parse.y (local_tbl_gen): remove local variables duplicated with
+	  arguments.
+	  [ruby-core:60501] [Bug #9486]
+
+Tue May  6 18:48:50 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/time.rb (Time.make_time): Adjust the time zone of "now".
+
+Tue May  6 18:33:12 2014  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* io.c (io_{read,write}_nonblock): use rb_get_kwargs instead of
+	  rb_hash_aref.
+
+Tue May  6 18:03:05 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/time.rb (Time.make_time): Argument validation code moved from
+	  Time.parse and Time.strptime.
+
+Tue May  6 17:27:06 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/time.rb (Time.parse): [DOC] Fix an example in the documentation
+	  to use EST.
+	  Reported by Marcus Stollsteimer.
+	  [ruby-core:60778] [Bug #9521] and [ruby-core:61718] [Bug #9682]
+
+Tue May  6 04:31:48 2014  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_f_test): removed meaningless "case 'a'".
+
+Tue May  6 01:28:14 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/open-uri.rb (OpenURI.open_uri): Call StringIO#close only if
+	  the StringIO object is not closed yet.
+	  Reported by Jordi Massaguer Pla.  [ruby-core:42538] [Bug #6010]
+
+Tue May  6 01:08:01 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/driver.rb: define File::NULL if not defined and /dev/null
+	  is available to run benchmark driver on ruby 1.9.2.
+
+Mon May  5 23:53:24 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/mkconstants.rb: Add IP_TRANSPARENT.
+	  IP_TRANSPARENT is provieded since glibc-2.12.
+	  Reported by Eliezer Croitoru.  [ruby-core:50372] [Bug #7476]
+
+Mon May  5 22:29:47 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (check_exec_redirect): Open the file in write mode for
+	  redirect from [:out, :err].
+	  Proposed and implemented by Yusuke Endoh.
+	  [ruby-dev:41430] [Feature #3348]
+
+Mon May  5 21:52:35 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb (cleanpath_aggressive): make all
+	  separators File::SEPARATOR from File::ALT_SEPARATOR.
+	  Reported by Daniel Rikowski.
+	  Fixed by Nobuyoshi Nakada.  [Bug #9618]
+
+	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb (cleanpath_conservative): ditto.
+
+Mon May  5 21:48:04 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb (Pathname#/): Aliased to Pathname#+.
+	  Suggested by Alexey Muranov.  [ruby-core:61432] [Feature #9625]
+
+Mon May  5 17:26:09 2014  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* math.c (rb_math_sqrt): omitted exporting an unused function,
+	  anyway.
+	* internal.h: follows the above change.
+
+Mon May  5 11:44:03 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/time.rb (Time.strptime): Raise ArgumentError if Date._strptime
+	  doesn't extract date information.
+	  Reported by tadayoshi funaba.  [ruby-core:62349]
+
+Mon May  5 01:12:27 2014  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (rt_rewrite_frags): a new feature (not a
+	  bug fix) of strptime.  applies offset even if the given date is
+	  not local time (%s and %Q).  This is an exceptional feature and
+	  I do NOT recommend to use this at all.  Thank you git community.
+
+Sun May  4 20:51:32 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/time.rb (Time.force_zone!): Use usual local time if it has
+	  expected offset from UTC.
+
+Sun May  4 17:58:12 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/time.rb (Time.force_zone!): New private method.
+	  (Time.make_time): Use Time.force_zone!.
+	  (Time.strptime): Ditto.
+	  (Time.rfc2822): Ditto.
+	  (Time.xmlschema): Ditto.
+
+	* lib/rss/rss.rb (Time.w3cdtf): Use Time.force_zone!.
+
+Sun May  4 10:22:59 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* math.c (math_atan2): return values like as expected by C99 if
+	  both two arguments are infinity.  based on the patch by cremno
+	  phobia <cremno AT mail.ru> in [ruby-core:62310].  [Feature #9799]
+
+Sun May  4 03:46:42 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/time.rb (Time.httpdate): Always return a UTC Time object.
+
+Sun May  4 03:26:39 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/time.rb (Time.make_time): Refactored.
+
+Sun May  4 02:53:17 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/time.rb (Time.rfc2822): Fix year completion.
+	  Produce fixed-offset time object if appropriate.
+	  (Time.xmlschema): Produce fixed-offset time object if appropriate.
+
+Sat May  3 23:52:20 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/time.rb (make_time): Produce fixed-offset time object if
+	  appropriate.
+	  (Time.strptime): Use d[:zone] instead of d[:offset].
+
+	* lib/rss/rss.rb (Time.w3cdtf): Produce fixed-offset time object if
+	  appropriate.
+
+Sat May  3 20:21:38 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/time.rb (Time.strptime): Use d[:offset] if d[:seconds] is not
+	  given.
+	  Reported by tadayoshi funaba.  [ruby-core:62322]
+
+Sat May  3 04:04:16 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* complex.c (parse_comp): replace ALLOCA_N with ALLOCV_N/ALLOCV_END
+	  [Bug #9608]
+	* rational.c (read_digits): ditto
+
+Sat May  3 00:06:30 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* file.c (HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_BASETYPE): File::Statfs#fstypename
+	  is supported on AIX, HP-UX, and Solaris, by using the value of
+	  struct statvfs.f_basetype.
+
+	* configure.in (HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_BASETYPE): check struct
+	  statvfs.f_basetype which is available on AIX, HP-UX, and Solaris.
+
+Fri May  2 21:04:02 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (next_id): no reason to set ID_STATIC_SYM here, as ID
+	  returned by rb_intern3 can be a dynamic symbol and the static
+	  symbol flag is set otherwise.  [Bug #9787]
+
+Fri May  2 11:32:51 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_seek, test_seek_symwhence): defer
+	  File::Statfs#type call which may not be implemented, to mitigate
+	  errors on platforms where SEEK_DATA is available but f_type in
+	  struct statfs is not.  [ruby-dev:48154] [Bug #9789]
+
+Fri May  2 10:37:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (rb_id_attrset): turn dynamically interned Symbol into
+	  an ID, since rb_str_dynamic_intern returns a Symbol but not an
+	  ID.  [ruby-core:62226] [Bug #9787]
+
+Thu May  1 22:19:34 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* file.c: Change AND condition to nested condition.
+
+Thu May  1 00:36:26 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* file.c (FSTATFS): check availability of struct statfs and
+	  struct statvfs in addition to fstatfs(2) and fstatvfs(2).
+	  This fixes error in Solaris. [Bug #9788] [ruby-dev:48145]
+
+Wed Apr 30 19:46:23 2014  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_after_sweep): suppress unnecessary expanding heap.
+	  Tomb heap pages are freed pages here, so expanding heap is
+	  not required.
+
+Wed Apr 30 17:58:40 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (invoke_block_from_c): add VM_FRAME_FLAG_BMETHOD to record
+	  it is bmethod frame.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_exec): invoke RUBY_EVENT_RETURN event if rollbacked frame
+	  is VM_FRAME_FLAG_BMETHOD.
+	  [Bug #9759]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test for TracePoint/set_trace_func.
+
+	* vm_core.h: rename rb_thread_t::passed_me to
+	  rb_thread_t::passed_bmethod_me to clarify the usage.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_bmethod_body): use renamed member.
+
+Wed Apr 30 17:06:49 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (rb_id_attrset): pin down dynamic symbol only. it is
+	  possible that attrset ID can be registered as a static symbol
+	  after the corresponding attrget ID has been registered as a
+	  dynamic, and then the latter may be collected.
+	  [ruby-core:62226] [Bug #9787]
+
+Tue Apr 29 14:17:57 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/tmpdir.rb: Rescue LoadError on etc.so for miniruby.
+	  Revert r45707, r45711, r45717.
+
+Tue Apr 29 12:50:02 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb: Don't need to define fu_get_gid and fu_get_gid in
+	  rescue LoadError on 'etc'.
+
+Tue Apr 29 10:21:38 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* parse.y (symbols_i): like r45492, call rb_gc_resurrect().
+
+Tue Apr 29 04:29:05 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* file.c (HAVE_STRUCT_STATFS_T_F_FSTYPENAME): Add new macro for
+	  statfs_t.
+	* file.c (HAVE_STRUCT_STATFS_T_F_TYPE): ditto.
+
+	* file.c (rb_io_statfs): check FSTATFS macro only instead of
+	  HAVE_FSTATFS and HAVE_FSTATVFS.
+
+	* file.c (statfs_type): use new macro.
+	* file.c (statfs_fstypename): ditto.
+	* file.c (statfs_inspect): ditto.
+
+Tue Apr 29 00:20:26 2014  Rajarshi Das  <rajarshid@cybage.com>
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_literal.rb: fix typo of "dynamic".  [ci skip]
+
+	* regexp.rdoc: fix typo of "organized".  [ci skip]
+
+	* lib/session.rb: fix typo of "recognized".  [ci skip]
+
+Mon Apr 28 21:40:27 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (HAVE_STRUCT_STATFS_F_TYPE): check struct statfs.f_type
+	  to support OpenBSD.
+
+	* file.c (statfs_type): use above macro to switch.
+
+	* file.c (statfs_inspect): ditto.
+
+Mon Apr 28 18:06:08 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: check struct statvfs and struct statvfs.f_fstypename.
+
+	* configure.in: on NetBSD fstatfs is obsoleted.
+
+	* file.c: support NetBSD for File::Statfs.
+
+Mon Apr 28 17:42:42 2014  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c: This argument must be a pointer.
+
+Mon Apr 28 17:40:15 2014  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c: Fix typos. These are undefined variables.
+
+Sun Apr 27 19:39:42 2014  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_strptime.c (date__strptime_internal): do not
+	  overwrite century.
+
+Sat Apr 26 11:50:08 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_enum.rb (test_flat_map): Added test for flat_map.
+	  Contribute from @igaiga. [fix GH-598]
+
+Sat Apr 26 10:55:33 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (compile_array_): make copy a first hash not to modify
+	  the argument itself.  keyword splat should be non-destructive.
+	  [ruby-core:62161] [Bug #9776]
+
+Sat Apr 26 08:05:36 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_rlimit_nofile): Don't limit
+	  RLIMIT_NOFILE too small.
+	  This fix sporadic "[ASYNC BUG] thread_timer: select" on GNU/Linux.
+
+Fri Apr 25 22:54:34 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (rmdir): rescue Errno::EEXIST in addition to
+	  ENOTEMPTY (and ENOENT), because SUSv3 describes that "If the
+	  directory is not an empty directory, rmdir() shall fail and set
+	  errno to [EEXIST] or [ENOTEMPTY]" and Solaris uses EEXIST.
+	  [Bug #9571] [ruby-dev:48017]
+
+Fri Apr 25 19:16:30 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/utils.rb: Don't rescue LoadError for 'etc' extension.
+
+Fri Apr 25 14:55:59 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (rb_cv_func___builtin_unreachable): try with an
+	  external variable not only by a warning, which might not be
+	  shown due to the optimization.  [ruby-core:61647] [Bug #9665]
+
+Fri Apr 25 13:11:49 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: NetBSD's ksh, used by configure, needs escapes.
+
+Fri Apr 25 12:51:08 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: correct pthread_setname_np's prototype on NetBSD.
+	  [Bug #9586]
+
+Thu Apr 24 23:17:25 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (fu_get_uid, fu_get_gid): Etc.getpwnam/getgrnam may
+	  returns nil.
+
+	* lib/webrick/utils.rb (su): ditto.
+
+Thu Apr 24 22:55:22 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_io.rb: Add etc.so to $" before require 'tmpdir'.
+
+Thu Apr 24 21:09:55 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* man/ruby.1: fix broken link.
+
+Thu Apr 24 20:53:02 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/tmpdir.rb: Don't need to rescue LoadError for etc.so.
+
+Thu Apr 24 17:39:53 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (statfs_inspect): suppress warnings.
+	  assume those values won't be larger than LONG_LONG_MAX.
+
+Thu Apr 24 11:53:28 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (ossl_asn1_initialize): SYMID on a value
+	  other than Symbol is an undefined behavior.  fix up r31699.
+	  [ruby-core:62142] [Bug #9771]
+
+Thu Apr 24 11:21:37 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (rb_sym2id, rb_sym2id_without_pindown): return 0 for
+	  non-symbol values, for the time being.
+
+Thu Apr 24 05:50:13 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (dsym_node_gen): like r45492, call rb_gc_resurrect().
+
+Wed Apr 23 20:36:22 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/etc/extconf.rb: Build ext/etc unconditionally.
+
+Wed Apr 23 14:10:50 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (statfs_fsid): remove statfs.f_fsid because it doesn't return
+	  meaningful value portably. http://togetter.com/li/658517
+
+Wed Apr 23 11:03:41 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_write): use rb_str_append to
+	  reuse coderange bits other than ASCII-8BIT, and keep
+	  taintedness.  [ruby-dev:48118] [Bug #9769]
+
+Wed Apr 23 00:43:00 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c, include/ruby/win32.h (ustatfs): implementation of
+	  statfs(2) clone. [EXPERIMENTAL]
+
+	* file.c (rb_io_statfs): use above function.
+
+	* configure.in, win32/Makefile.sub (struct statfs): available.
+
+Tue Apr 22 23:56:24 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_io_stafs): use statfs(2) if fstatfs(2) is unavailable.
+
+	* configure.in (fstatfs): check it.
+
+Tue Apr 22 22:15:51 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_io_statfs): need to define even if the system doesn't have
+	  fstatfs(2).
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file.rb (TestFile#test_statfs): skip if IO#stafs is not
+	  implemented.
+
+Tue Apr 22 19:32:48 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c: newly added a class File::Statfs. (experimental)
+
+Tue Apr 22 08:22:33 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (objspace_malloc_increase): don't cause GC by malloc_increase
+	  when memop type is MEMOP_TYPE_REALLOC.
+
+	  GC at realloc is not well maintained.
+	  We need a time to make it safe.
+	  [ruby-dev:48117]
+
+Tue Apr 22 06:54:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (objspace_malloc_increase): run full mark if 0x04 bit is
+	  set in ruby_gc_stress.  [ruby-core:62103] [Feature #9761]
+
+	* gc.c (objspace_malloc_increase): run GC after realloc not only
+	  malloc and calloc by GC.stress.  [ruby-core:62103] [Feature #9761]
+
+Mon Apr 21 19:12:20 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_coderange_scan_restartable): coderange is always
+	  ENC_CODERANGE_VALID if the string is ASCII-8BIT and already has a non
+	  ASCII character.
+
+Mon Apr 21 19:02:44 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (coderange_scan): remove useless condition `p < e` after
+	  search_nonascii.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_coderange_scan_restartable): ditto.
+
+Mon Apr 21 18:55:21 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/-test-/string/coderange.c: add Bug::String.new#coderange_scan
+	  to explicitly scan coderange.
+
+Mon Apr 21 18:19:35 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (coderange_scan): remove unused logic.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_coderange_scan_restartable): ditto.
+
+Mon Apr 21 14:11:48 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_putc): fix for non-ascii
+	  encoding, like as IO#putc.  [ruby-dev:48114] [Bug #9765]
+
+Sun Apr 20 12:57:15 2014  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* st.c (st_foreach_check): change start point of search at check
+	  from top to current. [ruby-dev:48047] [Bug #9646]
+
+Sun Apr 20 08:41:33 2014  Andrew DeMaria  <ademariad@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (link_command, libpathflag, create_makefile): prefer
+	  user specified `$LIBPATH` than `$DEFLIBPATH`.  [ruby-core:62100]
+	  [ruby-trunk - Bug #9760]
+
+Sun Apr 20 06:01:18 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_gc_writebarrier): drop special case for big hash/array
+	  [Bug #9518]
+
+Sat Apr 19 15:38:29 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (primary): flush cmdarg flags inside left-paren in a
+	  command argument, to allow parenthesed do-block as an argument
+	  without arguments parentheses.  [ruby-core:61950] [Bug #9726]
+
+Sat Apr 19 10:07:24 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* internal.h (struct RBignum): Use size_t for len.
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_big_new): Use size_t instead of long to
+	  specify the size of bignum.
+	  (rb_big_resize): Ditto.
+
+	* bignum.c: Follow above changes.
+
+	* rational.c: Follow above changes.
+
+	* marshal.c: Follow above changes.
+
+Sat Apr 19 00:32:07 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_num2long): Returns a long.
+	  (rb_num2ulong): Returns a unsigned long.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big2long): Returns a long.
+	  (rb_big2ulong): Returns a unsigned long.
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h: Follow above changes.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: Follow above changes.
+	  (rb_num2long_inline): No need to cast.
+	  (rb_num2ulong_inline): Ditto.
+
+Sat Apr 19 00:17:20 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (SHARABLE_SUBSTRING_P): predicate if substring can be
+	  shared with the original string.  true if just at the end of the
+	  original string, for the time being.  all substring will be able to
+	  be shared in the future.
+
+Fri Apr 18 21:48:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_new_frozen): consider the shared string at
+	  middle.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_subseq, rb_str_substr, str_byte_substr): share
+	  middle of a string.
+
+Fri Apr 18 15:40:05 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c: use uintptr_t instead of VALUE because they are not ruby
+	  object.
+
+Fri Apr 18 14:51:42 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c: check str_strlen's argument, and add comment or
+	  use NULL if simply it uses str's enc.
+
+Fri Apr 18 14:32:40 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (str_strlen): use enc_strlen if the coderange is known.
+
+Fri Apr 18 14:21:21 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (enc_strlen): move UTF-8 optimization from str_strlen to
+	  enc_strlen.
+
+Fri Apr 18 08:50:18 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (rb_cv_getcwd_malloc): check if getcwd allocates
+	  buffer if NULL is given [ruby-core:62072] [Bug #9752]
+
+Thu Apr 17 16:28:10 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* prelude.rb: [DOC] Update Thread::exclusive docs by @stevenharman.
+
+Thu Apr 17 10:03:53 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#copy_entry): update rdoc about
+	  preserve option and permissions, following r31123.
+	  [ruby-core:62065] [Bug #9748]
+
+Wed Apr 16 23:47:36 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enum.c (dont_recycle_block_arg): fix condition to recycle block
+	  argument.  lambda with rest can get internal array directly.
+	  [ruby-core:62060] [Bug #9749]
+
+Wed Apr 16 09:51:16 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c (ossl_pkey_verify): as EVP_VerifyFinal()
+	  finalizes only a copy of the digest context, the context must be
+	  cleaned up after initialization by EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup() or a
+	  memory leak will occur.  [ruby-core:62038] [Bug #9743]
+
+Tue Apr 15 19:36:42 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/win32.h (rb_w32_cmdvector): removed.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_sysinit): use WCHAR version of GetCommandLine()
+	  internally.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (w32_cmdvector): renamed from rb_w32_cmdvector.  use
+	  WCHAR* instead of char* internally.
+
+	these changes are expected to not changing the behavior yet.
+
+Tue Apr 15 19:26:05 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb: Re-generate extmk.mk and dummy makefiles only if
+	  really required.
+	  This fixes a problem to run multiple test-all concurrently as:
+	  make test-all & make test-all & make test-all & ...
+
+Tue Apr 15 12:49:53 2014  Sam Rawlins  <sam.rawlins@gmail.com>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_each_slice, enum_each_cons): make more efficient by
+	  allocating less and recycling block argument arrays if possible.
+	  [Fixes GH-596]
+
+Mon Apr 14 18:44:45 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): get base addrs in fill_lines to use it
+	  with dladdr_fbases introduced at r45563.
+	  it didn't get before if the executable is not pie.
+
+Mon Apr 14 18:05:48 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (main_exe_path): support FreeBSD.
+	  At least sh, csh, tcsh, bash, and zsh sets realpath of the main
+	  executable for dladdr, but gdb doesn't.
+
+Mon Apr 14 17:20:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (umethod_bind): use the ancestor iclass instead of new
+	  iclass to get rid of infinite recursion, if the defined module
+	  is already included.  [ruby-core:62014] [Bug #9721]
+
+Sun Apr 13 12:46:58 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* bignum.c (SIZEOF_BDIGIT): Renamed from SIZEOF_BDIGITS.
+
+	* internal.h: Ditto.
+
+	* marshal.c: Ditto.
+
+	* rational.c: Ditto.
+
+Sun Apr 13 10:18:09 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* common.mk: Unused target, $(MKMAIN_CMD), removed.
+
+	* Makefile.in (MKMAIN_CMD): Unused macro removed.
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (MKMAIN_CMD): Ditto.
+
+Sat Apr 12 22:11:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (sym_to_proc), proc.c (rb_block_clear_env_self): clear
+	  caller's self which is useless, so that it can get collected.
+	  [Fixes GH-592]
+
+Sat Apr 12 09:26:48 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c:  [DOC] Document OpenSSL::OCSP.
+
+Fri Apr 11 18:52:38 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* array.c (ARY_SET): added.
+
+	  ARY_SET() is same functionality of RARRAY_ASET(), but
+	  it has an assertion (`ary' doesn't have shared array).
+
+Fri Apr 11 16:54:26 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* array.c: make shared arrays WB-protected objects.
+
+	  Shared arrays were WB-unprotected object because
+	  sharing array can modify shared array's buffer
+	  if it occupied shared array.
+
+	  [sharing array (ary)] -> [shared array (shared)] -> <buff>
+	                |                                       A
+	                +---------------------------------------+
+	             write `buff' with WB(ary, &buff[i], obj)
+	             -> if `ary' and `shared' are old, then only `ary'
+	                will be remembered.
+	             -> traverse from `ary'. But `shared' is old, so
+	                that written `obj' is not marked.
+
+	  It cause WB miss so that shared arrays were WB-unprotected.
+	  (WB-unprotected objects are marked everytime if it is living)
+
+	  This patch insert WB() for `shared' if it is needed.
+
+Fri Apr 11 15:05:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_method_call_with_block, umethod_bind): call with
+	  IClass including the module for a module instance method.
+	  [ruby-core:61936] [Bug #9721]
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_super_method): allow bound
+	  UnboundMethod case.
+
+Fri Apr 11 12:02:30 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines): set base address
+	  which is retrieved from dladdr to dladdr_fbases, to skip already
+	  parsed objects.
+
+Fri Apr 11 12:44:50 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (ary_reject): may be turned into a shared array during
+	  the given block.  [ruby-dev:48101] [Bug #9727]
+
+Thu Apr 10 23:41:21 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (Net::FTP#login): [DOC] The default password for
+	  anonymous login was changed to "anonymous@" in r25313.
+
+Thu Apr 10 19:22:58 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb: remove useless `assert'.
+
+Thu Apr 10 19:11:11 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_modify): remember shared array owner if a shared
+	  array owner is promoted and a shared array is not promoted.
+
+	  Now, shared array is WB-unprotected so that shared arrays are not
+	  promoted.  All objects referred from shared array should be marked
+	  correctly.
+
+	  [ruby-core:61919] [ruby-trunk - Bug #9718]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb: add a test for above.
+
+Thu Apr 10 18:57:12 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_verify_internal_consistency): move lines and enable
+	  allrefs_dump() on RGENGC_CHECK_MODE >= 4.
+
+Thu Apr 10 15:01:06 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (append_obj): clear allocated memory.
+
+	* addr2line.c (rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines): free `base_addrs'.
+
+Thu Apr 10 14:40:18 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_gc_writebarrier_unprotect_promoted): disable to dump debug
+	  message when RGENGC_CHECK_MODE == 0.
+
+Thu Apr 10 08:13:47 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* signal.c (check_stack_overflow): Don't use ucontext_t if ucontext.h
+	  is not available.
+	  Fixes build on Android (x86).
+
+Wed Apr  9 23:22:44 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* gc.c (mark_current_machine_context): Call SET_STACK_END.
+	  This reverts a hunk of r40703 by ko1.
+	  This fixes [ruby-dev:48098] [Bug #9717].
+
+Wed Apr  9 21:02:04 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (OBJ2UID1): Defined even if getpwnam_r is not usable.
+	  (OBJ2GID1): Defined even if getgrnam_r is not usable.
+	  This fixes compilation error on Android.
+
+Wed Apr  9 15:16:59 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* encoding.c (rb_enc_default_internal): fix rdoc.  `__FILE__` is
+	  in filesystem encoding but not `default_internal`.
+	  [ruby-core:61894] [Bug #9713]
+
+Wed Apr  9 14:43:00 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: more long timeout.
+	  This test failed under RGENGC_CHECK_MODE >= 2.
+
+Wed Apr  9 13:07:13 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: get rid of __builtin_setjmp/__builtin_longjmp on
+	  x64-mingw, which causes SEGV with callcc.
+	  [ruby-core:61887] [Bug #9710]
+
+Wed Apr  9 12:44:54 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (str_buf_cat): should round up the capacity by 4KiB,
+	  but not number of rooms.  [ruby-core:61886] [Bug #9709]
+
+Tue Apr  8 22:55:32 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#dir_config): [DOC] Improve
+	  documentation.
+
+Tue Apr  8 22:31:44 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: rename `RGENGC_THREEGEN' to `RGENGC_AGE2_PROMOTION'.
+
+	* gc.c (rgengc_rememberset_mark): don't promote, but remain in
+	  remember set for infant objects.
+
+	* gc.c (RVALUE_PROMOTE_INFANT, RVALUE_PROMOTE_YOUNG): count numbers
+	  in these functions.
+
+Mon Apr  7 21:11:49 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_s_getnameinfo): Save errno for EAI_SYSTEM.
+	  Reported by Saravana kumar.  [ruby-core:61820] [Bug #9697]
+	  Fixed by Heesob Park.  [ruby-core:61868]
+
+Mon Apr  7 07:20:23 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/xmlrpc/client.rb (do_rpc): don't check body length.
+	  If HTTP content-encoding is used, the length may be different.
+	  [Bug #8182] [ruby-core:53811]
+
+Mon Apr  7 02:39:48 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Add Matrix#cofactor [fix GH-568]
+	  Add first_minor [fix GH-568]
+	  Handle empty diagonal matrix case [fix GH-576]
+	  Patches by gogotanaka
+
+Sun Apr  6 08:52:50 2014  Bugra Barin  <bugrabarin@hotmail.com>
+
+	* dln.c (dln_load): use wchar version to load a library in
+	  non-ascii path on Windows.  based on the patch by Bugra Barin
+	  <bugrabarin AT hotmail.com> in [ruby-core:61845].  [Bug #9699]
+
+Sat Apr  5 19:36:33 2014  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (d_lite_cmp): should compare with #<.
+
+Sat Apr  5 00:31:21 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/readline/extconf.rb (rl_hook_func_t): check pointer type.
+	  [ruby-dev:48089] [Bug #9702]
+
+Fri Apr  4 07:13:44 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp): should not skip
+	  flags restoration in RUBY_WERROR_FLAG by `break`.
+	  [ruby-dev:48086] [Bug #9698]
+
+Wed Apr  2 21:50:06 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp): __builtin_longjmp()
+	  in Apple LLVM 5.1 (LLVM 3.4svn) uses `void**`, not `jmp_buf`.
+	  [Bug #9692]
+
+Wed Apr  2 20:57:15 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c, gc.h (rb_objspace_each_objects_without_setup):
+	  Add a new (hidden) C-API to iterate objspace snapshot.
+
+	  This API is not safe to call any C-APIs in a given callback
+	  function. Be careful to use this C-API.
+
+Wed Apr  2 17:43:17 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp): gcc 4.9 disallows a
+	  variable as the second argument of __builtin_longjmp().
+	  [ruby-core:61800] [Bug #9692]
+
+Wed Apr  2 15:12:18 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* common.mk: Use redmine-2.x url for DeveloperHowto wiki.
+	  [ruby-core:60657] [Bug #9511]
+
+Wed Apr  2 11:46:29 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb (Pathname#join): Fix error with
+	  empty args. Reported by ko1 via IRC.
+
+	* test/pathname/test_pathname.rb (TestPathname#test_join): Add the
+	  test for above case.
+
+Tue Apr  1 11:39:57 2014  James Edward Gray II  <james@graysoftinc.com>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb: Symbol HeaderConverter: strip leading/trailing space.
+	  Reported by Skye Shaw
+	  [Fixes GH-575]
+
+Tue Apr  1 11:34:04 2014  James Edward Gray II  <james@graysoftinc.com>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb: Don't attempt to convert nil headers.
+	  Reported by Skye Shaw
+
+Tue Apr  1 17:29:35 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/config_files.rb (ConfigFiles.download): show failed URI.
+	  [ruby-core:61792] [Bug #9690]
+
+Tue Apr  1 12:06:49 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines): don't depend hard coded
+	  symbol '_start'.
+
+	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): instead of above, get a dynamic symbol
+	  in the main executable and use it to know the base address.
+
+	* addr2line.c (follow_debuglink0): use obj_info_t instead of
+	  line_info_t to handle object related data.
+
+	* addr2line.c (main_exe_path): defined for Linux.
+
+Tue Apr  1 08:58:39 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* parse.y (rb_str_dynamic_intern): set mark bit if dynamic symbol
+	  is before sweeping.
+
+Tue Apr  1 07:37:00 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): use dynsym, which is used for dynamic
+	  linking and always exists, if there's no symtab.
+
+Tue Apr  1 07:27:15 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_print_backtrace): current implementation
+	  uses dladdr to get the path of objects.
+
+Mon Mar 31 23:57:45 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/readline/extconf.rb: fix typo, `$defs` not `$DEFS`.
+	  [ruby-core:61756] [Bug #9578]
+
+Mon Mar 31 17:23:50 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/memory_status.rb: require envutil before accessing EnvUtil
+	  module.  reported by ko1 via twitter.
+
+Mon Mar 31 10:28:01 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* st.c (st_init_table_with_size): update comment
+	  [Feature #9425]
+
+Sun Mar 30 23:39:26 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_accept, open_ifs_socket, socketpair_internal):
+	  reset inherit flag of socket to avoid unintentional inheritance of
+	  socket.  note that the return value of SetHandleInformation() is not
+	  verified intentionally because old Windows may return an error.
+	  [Bug #9688] [ruby-core:61754]
+
+Sat Mar 29 13:04:22 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_before_sweep): cap `malloc_limit' to
+	  gc_params.malloc_limit_max.  It can grow and grow with such case:
+	    `loop{"a" * (1024 ** 2)}'
+	  [Bug #9687]
+
+	  This issue is pointed by Tim Robertson.
+	  http://www.omniref.com/blog/blog/2014/03/27/ruby-garbage-collection-still-not-ready-for-production/
+
+Fri Mar 28 19:32:13 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* struct.c (not_a_member): extract name error and use same error
+	  messages.  based on the patch by Marcus Stollsteimer <sto.mar AT
+	  web.de> at [ruby-core:61721].  [Bug #9684]
+
+Fri Mar 28 09:21:54 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: update gemspec for psych-2.0.5
+
+Fri Mar 28 09:11:06 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: Merge psych-2.0.5. bump version to
+	  libyaml-0.1.6 for CVE-2014-2525.
+	* ext/psych/yaml/config.h: ditto.
+	* ext/psych/yaml/scanner.c: ditto.
+	* ext/psych/yaml/yaml_private.h: ditto.
+
+Thu Mar 27 18:58:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (match_regexp): set regexp for MatchData from string.
+
+	* re.c (rb_backref_set_string): create MatchData from string and
+	  set backref.
+
+	* string.c (rb_pat_search, rb_str_sub, rb_str_sub_bang, str_gsub),
+	  (scan_once, rb_str_scan, rb_str_partition): use rb_str_index
+	  instead of rb_reg_search() when pattern is a String.  based on
+	  the patch by Sam Rawlins <sam.rawlins@gmail.com> [Fixes GH-579]
+
+Thu Mar 27 11:58:55 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): check shdr[i].sh_type because even if
+	  .symtab section exists, the section's type can be SHT_NOBITS and
+	  actual data doesn't exist in the file.
+	  revert r45441.
+
+Wed Mar 26 14:57:35 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y: inline must be static (for mswin).
+	  fixed build error introduced at r45426.
+
+Wed Mar 26 14:33:00 2014  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* internal.h (USE_SYMBOL_GC): enable Symbol GC by default (USE_SYMBOL_GC == 1).
+
+Tue Mar 25 22:57:11 2014  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* parse.y: support Symbol GC. [ruby-trunk Feature #9634]
+	  See this ticket about Symbol GC.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h:
+	  Declare few functions.
+	  * rb_sym2id: almost same as old SYM2ID but support dynamic symbols.
+	  * rb_id2sym: almost same as old ID2SYM but support dynamic symbols.
+	  * rb_sym2str: almost same as `rb_id2str(SYM2ID(sym))` but not
+	    pin down a dynamic symbol.
+	  Declare a new struct.
+	  * struct RSymbol: represents a dynamic symbol as object in
+	    Ruby's heaps.
+	  Add few macros.
+	  * STATIC_SYM_P: check a static symbol.
+	  * DYNAMIC_SYM_P: check a dynamic symbol.
+	  * RSYMBOL: cast to RSymbol
+
+	* gc.c: declare RSymbol. support T_SYMBOL.
+
+	* internal.h: Declare few functions.
+	  * rb_gc_free_dsymbol: free up a dynamic symbol. GC call this
+	    function at a sweep phase.
+	  * rb_str_dynamic_intern: convert a string to a dynamic symbol.
+	  * rb_check_id_without_pindown: not pinning function.
+	  * rb_sym2id_without_pindown: ditto.
+	  * rb_check_id_cstr_without_pindown: ditto.
+
+	* string.c (Init_String): String#intern and String#to_sym use
+	  rb_str_dynamic_intern.
+
+	* template/id.h.tmpl: use LSB of ID as a flag for determining a
+	  static symbol, so we shift left other ruby_id_types.
+
+	* string.c: use rb_sym2str instead `rb_id2str(SYM2ID(sym))` to
+	  avoid pinning.
+
+	* load.c: use xx_without_pindown function at creating temporary ID
+	  to avoid pinning.
+
+	* object.c: ditto.
+
+	* sprintf.c: ditto.
+
+	* struct.c: ditto.
+
+	* thread.c: ditto.
+
+	* variable.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_method.c: ditto.
+
+Wed Mar 26 13:25:54 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): loop reverse order not to overwrite
+	  the basis of base addresses comparison.
+
+	* addr2line.c: use uintptr_t instead of intptr_t for pointers.
+
+	* addr2line.c (rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines): don't use syms.
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_print_backtrace): ditto.
+
+	* addr2line.h: ditto.
+
+Wed Mar 26 11:20:50 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (w_object): internal objects are not dumpable.
+	  [ruby-core:61677] [Bug #9674]
+
+	* ext/thread/thread.c (undumpable): ConditionVariable and Queue
+	  are not dumpable.  [ruby-core:61677] [Bug #9674]
+
+Wed Mar 26 10:36:39 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (follow_debuglink): show message if it closes opened
+	  (and maybe used) elf binary.
+
+Wed Mar 26 10:34:25 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (fill_line): pass and use offset instead of
+	  curobj_baseaddr.
+
+Wed Mar 26 09:07:48 2014  Yutaka Kanemoto  <kanemoto@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: add --disable-pie. [Feature #9673]
+
+Wed Mar 26 08:47:04 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): don't run fill_lines multiple times.
+
+Wed Mar 26 08:45:00 2014  Sam Rawlins  <sam.rawlins@gmail.com>
+
+	* internal.h: add prototype for rb_reg_search0
+
+	* re.c: rename rb_reg_search to rb_reg_search0, add set_backref_str
+	  argument to allow callers to indicate that they don't require the
+	  backref string to be allocated.
+
+	* string.c: don't allocate backref str if replacement string is provided
+
+	[GH-578] [Bug #9676] [ruby-core:61682]
+
+Wed Mar 26 08:29:43 2014  mo khan  <mo@mokhan.ca>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb: fix spelling of Jim Weirich.  [Fixes GH-577]
+
+Wed Mar 26 01:55:45 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines): a function to get must
+	  be a function in the main executable, whose absolute path is not
+	  available by dladdr, and ruby get it by /proc/self/exe on Linux.
+
+Wed Mar 26 01:34:50 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): skip if path is NULL.
+
+Tue Mar 25 23:57:17 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_yylex): only a newline after label should be
+	  significant.  [ruby-core:61658] [Bug #9669]
+
+Tue Mar 25 23:32:25 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb (Pathname#join): remove unnecessary
+	  unshift.
+
+	* test/pathname/test_pathname.rb (TestPathname#test_join): add tests.
+
+Tue Mar 25 16:47:36 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (lex_state_e, parser_params, f_arglist, parser_yylex):
+	  separate EXPR_LABELARG from EXPR_BEG and let newline significant,
+	  so that required keyword argument can place at the end of
+	  argument list without parentheses.  [ruby-core:61658] [Bug #9669]
+
+Mon Mar 24 22:19:56 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (ripper_initialize): filename can not be modified.
+
+Mon Mar 24 15:19:47 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines): fetch path of the
+	  executable from /proc/self/exe on Linux.
+
+Mon Mar 24 14:14:37 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c: Fix up default GC params by @csfrancis [fix GH-556]
+
+Mon Mar 24 13:13:36 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (parse_debug_line_cu): explicitly specify signed char
+	  because DWARF's line_Base is signed char and char maybe unsigned.
+	  patched by Rei Odaira. [ruby-dev:48068] [Bug #9654]
+
+Sun Mar 23 11:03:50 2014  Kohei Suzuki  <eagletmt@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_get_without_cache): me->klass is 0
+	  for a method aliased in a module.  [ruby-core:61636] [Bug #9663]
+
+Sun Mar 23 08:12:27 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* st.c (hash_pos): use bitwise AND to avoid slow modulo op
+	  (new_size): power-of-two sizes for hash_pos change
+	  (st_numhash): adjust for common keys due to lack of prime modulo
+	  [Feature #9425]
+	* hash.c (rb_any_hash): right shift for symbols
+	* benchmark/bm_hash_aref_miss.rb: added to show improvement
+	* benchmark/bm_hash_aref_sym_long.rb: ditto
+	* benchmark/bm_hash_aref_str.rb: ditto
+	* benchmark/bm_hash_aref_sym.rb: ditto
+	* benchmark/bm_hash_ident_num.rb: added to prevent regression
+	* benchmark/bm_hash_ident_obj.rb: ditto
+	* benchmark/bm_hash_ident_str.rb: ditto
+	* benchmark/bm_hash_ident_sym.rb: ditto
+
+Sat Mar 22 22:56:45 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): compare the file names of object in which
+	  symbols exist. [Bug #9654] [ruby-dev:48058]
+
+Sat Mar 22 06:46:16 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/cgi/util.rb (escape_html, unescape_html): make synonyms
+	  aliases instead of wrapper methods.
+
+	* lib/cgi/util.rb (escape_element, unescape_element): ditto.
+	  [Fixes GH-573]
+
+Fri Mar 21 21:57:34 2014  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* configure.in: Fix a build problem with clang and --with-opt-dir.
+	  If ruby is configured with --with-opt-dir=dir when using clang
+	  as compiler, a warning `clang: warning: argument unused during
+	  compilation: '-I dir'` is emitted almost every time clang
+	  compiles a file.  Unfortunately, RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX takes
+	  any output from the compiler as fatal error, and the check thus
+	  fails due to the warning.  This is an attempt to fix the problem
+	  by adding a flag -Qunused-arguments to CFLAGS locally in the
+	  function to suppress the warning. [ruby-dev:48062] [Bug #9658]
+	  [Fixes GH-571] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/571
+
+Fri Mar 21 16:31:56 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* gc.c: [DOC] Fix call-seq for GC.start by @jasonrclark [Fixes GH-572]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/572
+
+Thu Mar 20 11:37:28 2014  James Edward Gray II  <james@graysoftinc.com>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb: Fixed a broken regular expression that was causing
+	  CSV to miss escaping some special meaning characters when used
+	  in parsing.
+	  Reported by David Unric
+	  [ruby-core:54986] [Bug #8405]
+
+Thu Mar 20 16:53:07 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (objspace_malloc_increase): should not invoke
+	  garbage_collect_with_gvl() here on non-ruby threads.
+
+	  Should just ignore the malloc_increase.
+
+	  This issue is pointed by Eric Wong [ruby-core:61519].
+
+Thu Mar 20 13:05:16 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* struct.c (rb_struct_alloc): use RARRAY_CONST_PTR() instead of
+	  RARRAY_PTR().
+
+Thu Mar 20 12:59:39 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_obj_call_init, rb_class_new_instance):
+	  constify a parameter (VALUE *).
+	  I believe this incompatibility doesn't break any code.
+	  However, if you have trouble, please tell us.
+
+	* eval.c, object.c: ditto.
+
+Thu Mar 20 12:31:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_get_without_cache): get rid of
+	  infinite recursion at aliases in a subclass and a superclass.
+	  return actually defined class for other than singleton class.
+	  [ruby-core:60431] [Bug #9475]
+
+Wed Mar 19 17:13:06 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* time.c (time_mload): freeze and preserve marshal-loaded time zone
+	* test/ruby/test_time.rb: add test for GC on loaded object
+	  [Bug #9652]
+
+Tue Mar 18 23:20:12 2014  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (eval_string_with_cref): Unify to use NIL_P.
+
+Tue Mar 18 22:03:41 2014  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (eval_string_with_cref): Use file path even if scope is
+	  given. Related to [ruby-core:56099] [Bug #8662] and r42103.
+
+Mon Mar 17 13:17:47 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* enumerator.c (enumerator_block_call): use RARRAY_CONST_PTR()
+	  instead of RARRAY_PTR().
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_s_popen): ditto.
+
+	* numeric.c (num_step_size): ditto.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_apply): ditto.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_eval_cmd): ditto.
+
+Mon Mar 17 10:11:59 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_set): delete existing entry on redefinition
+	  [Bug #9645]
+	* test/ruby/test_const.rb (test_redefinition): test for leak
+
+Sun Mar 16 21:33:01 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/time.rb: [DOC] Fix timezone in example of Time.parse [Bug #9521]
+	  Based on patch by @stomar
+
+Sun Mar 16 13:21:40 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (DLDFLAGS): insert a space between option and its
+	  argument for non-GCC compilers.  [ruby-core:61429] [Bug #9624]
+
+Sun Mar 16 08:05:06 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* gc.c (objspace_xcalloc): fix GC accounting
+
+Sun Mar 16 06:33:35 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): return address is just after calling
+	  address. Therefore noreturn function with tail call's return
+	  address may be in another function.
+
+Sun Mar 16 05:51:55 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/gserver.rb: [DOC] Fixed typo in example by @stomar [Bug #9543]
+
+Sat Mar 15 18:54:03 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* ext/.document: remove refinement from documentable directories.
+
+Sat Mar 15 11:02:58 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (DLDFLAGS): check for each options to control
+	  symbol resolution.  [ruby-core:61429] [Bug #9624]
+
+Sat Mar 15 07:02:35 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* st.c (st_update): remove unnecessary assignment
+
+Fri Mar 14 14:58:38 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): fetch symbol names from ELF binary's
+	  symbol table if it is built with cc -g and not stripped.
+	  Now ruby can show static symbols on Linux though glibc's
+	  backtrace_symbols(3) don't show them.
+
+	* addr2line.c (rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines): use dladdr(3) to
+	  detect what object file declares the symbol because
+	  dl_iterate_phdr can't detect the main executable file
+	  and codes on the stack.
+	  NOTE: signal trampolines sometimes on the user stack. (FreeBSD)
+
+	* addr2line.c (rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines): stop showing
+	  backtrace if the function's name is main.
+	  NOTE: FreeBSD's backtrace (libexecinfo) shows _start and
+	  an additional address. Why it doesn't remove them on dladdr phase
+	  is, dladdr may fail to detect the main function but detect
+	  as _start function. Therefore it must be after scanning
+	  the symbol table and getting correct name.
+
+
+Fri Mar 14 12:07:46 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* doc/syntax/literals.rdoc: [DOC] Single quote strings allows escape
+	  of backslash as well, patch by @idupree [Fixes GH-553]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/553
+
+Fri Mar 14 01:18:24 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (invoke_block_from_c): add splattable argument.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_invoke_proc): disallow to splat when directly invoked.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_callee_setup_arg_complex, vm_callee_setup_arg):
+	  relax arity check of yielded lambda.  [ruby-core:61340] [Bug #9605]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_yield.rb (TestRubyYieldGen#emu_bind_params): no
+	  longer raise ArgumentError when splatting to lambda.
+
+Thu Mar 13 23:51:02 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/-test-/win32/dln/libdlntest.c (dlntest_ordinal): no need to
+	  specify export in the source file because .def file do it.
+	  get rid of warning on linking.
+
+Wed Mar 12 11:19:03 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_callee_setup_arg): disable fastpath if splat
+	  argument, since argc may differ for each calls.
+	  [ruby-core:61422] [Bug #9622]
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_callee_setup_arg): turn a macro into an
+	  inline function.
+
+Wed Mar 12 07:26:05 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* insns.def (opt_regexpmatch2): respect redefined match op
+	  Thanks to Sam Rawlins for the fix.
+	* test/ruby/test_string.rb: test based on Tsuyoshi Sawada's report
+	  [Bug #9581]
+
+Tue Mar 11 22:31:25 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* ext/.document: add objspace/objspace_dump.c to document file.
+
+Tue Mar 11 22:22:38 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb (TestObjSpace#test_dump_uninitialized_file):
+	  remove dependency on json library.
+
+Tue Mar 11 10:55:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* README.EXT{,.ja} (Appendix B): update contents of `ruby_options`
+	  and replace `ruby_run` with `ruby_run_node`.  based on the patch
+	  by Kaneko Yuichiro at [ruby-dev:48030] [Bug #9619].
+
+Tue Mar 11 06:54:00 2014  Scott Francis  <scott.francis@shopify.com>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c: Check fptr before trying to dump RFILE
+	  object fd. [GH-562]
+
+	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb: add test
+
+Tue Mar 11 02:04:36 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): show vm maps on FreeBSD.
+
+	* vm_dump.c (procstat_vm): copied from FreeBSD.
+	  http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/usr.bin/procstat/procstat_vm.c?revision=261780
+
+Mon Mar 10 12:14:26 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: always check dladdr(1).
+
+	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): show the line number in C backtrace if
+	  ruby is built without --enable-shared (PIE) on Linux.
+	  patch is originally by Shinichiro Hamaji
+	  https://twitter.com/shinh/status/441957774264504321
+	  NOTE: ld doesn't insert __executable_start for PIE.
+	  dladdr(3)'s argument must be a function pointer.
+
+Mon Mar 10 10:51:17 2014  ksss  <co000ri@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_enumerator.rb (test_iterators): fix test for hash
+	  iterators.  [Fixes GH-558]
+
+Sun Mar  9 14:14:49 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* class.c (rb_class_subclass_add): use xmalloc
+	* class.c (rb_module_add_to_subclasses_list): ditto
+	* class.c (rb_class_remove_from_super_subclasses): use xfree
+	* class.c (rb_class_remove_from_module_subclasses): ditto
+	  [Bug #9616]
+
+Sun Mar  9 13:51:16 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/function.c (function_call): fix memory leak when an
+	  exception occurs at argument conversion or the function call.
+
+Sun Mar  9 06:42:40 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* variable.c (struct global_variable): shrink by 8 bytes on 64-bit
+
+Sat Mar  8 17:42:51 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm.c (add_opt_method): cleanup to use rb_method_entry_at
+
+Sat Mar  8 13:46:40 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/dl/cptr.c (dlptr_free), ext/dl/handle.c (dlhandle_free),
+	  ext/fiddle/handle.c (fiddle_handle_free),
+	  ext/fiddle/pointer.c (fiddle_ptr_free): fix memory leak.
+	  based on the patch Heesob Park at [ruby-dev:48021] [Bug #9599].
+
+Sat Mar  8 13:30:39 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (obj2uid, obj2gid): now getpwnam_r() and getgrnam_r()
+	  may need larger buffers than sysconf values, so retry with
+	  expanding the buffer when ERANGE is returned.
+	  [ruby-core:61325] [Bug #9600]
+
+Fri Mar  7 19:29:13 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_body): use RARRAY_CONST_PTR
+	  (check_funcall_exec): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:61360]
+
+Fri Mar  7 19:14:11 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_body): fix RB_GC_GUARD location
+	  (check_funcall_exec): ditto
+	  [Bug #9609]
+
+Fri Mar  7 14:48:17 2014  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* parse.y (ENC_SINGLE): Unused macro removed.
+
+Fri Mar  7 12:06:19 2014  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Reuse TLS default options from
+	  OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext::DEFAULT_PARAMS.
+
+Thu Mar  6 15:15:24 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* doc/syntax/assignment.rdoc: [DOC] Fix assignment directions
+	  By @idupree [Fixes GH-555] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/555
+
+Thu Mar  6 15:07:18 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc: [DOC] Fix example for block arguments
+	  By @idupree [Fixes GH-554] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/554
+
+Thu Mar  6 10:33:31 2014  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/openssl/ssl.rb: Explicitly whitelist the default
+	  SSL/TLS ciphers. Forbid SSLv2 and SSLv3, disable
+	  compression by default.
+	  Reported by Jeff Hodges.
+	  [ruby-core:59829] [Bug #9424]
+
+Wed Mar  5 15:56:18 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (f_arg_asgn): define optional arguments as argument
+	  variables in the rhs default expressions.
+	  [ruby-core:61299] [Bug #9593]
+
+Wed Mar  5 11:58:30 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c (ossl_make_error): check NULL for unknown
+	  error reasons with old OpenSSL, and insert a colon iff formatted
+	  message is not empty.
+
+Wed Mar  5 00:42:00 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb (Pathname#find): add "ignore_error"
+	  keyword argument defaulted to true as well as Find#find.
+
+Tue Mar  4 23:00:18 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_eval.rb (TestEval#make_test_binding): renamed.
+	  it's not test method.
+
+Tue Mar  4 20:50:59 2014  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* st.c (st_foreach): fix type of hash. not st_data_t but st_index_t.
+
+Tue Mar  4 19:41:40 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in: ".DEFAULT" target removed because it is not for
+	  specifying default target.
+
+Tue Mar  4 00:25:35 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* lib/find.rb (Find#find): should pass ignore_error option to enumerators.
+
+Mon Mar  3 13:27:35 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/test_find.rb (TestFind#test_unsearchable_dir): ruby cannot make
+	  directory unreachable by owner on Windows.
+
+Mon Mar  3 08:10:04 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_get_without_cache): disable GMC
+	  writing if GMC is disabled.
+	  [ruby-core:61218]
+
+Mon Mar  3 07:47:17 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* README.EXT: wrap GetDBM with do/while(0)
+	* README.EXT.ja: ditto
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c: ditto, likewise for GetDBM2
+	* ext/gdbm/gdbm.c: ditto
+	* ext/sdbm/init.c: ditto
+	  [ruby-core:61217]
+
+Mon Mar  3 07:17:31 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* NEWS: [DOC] Update doc regarding filesystem load when flushing IO
+
+Mon Mar  3 04:37:50 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_fsync): need to fsync even if on Windows.  fixed mistake
+	  of r45254 and r45256.
+
+Mon Mar  3 04:21:34 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/win32ole: get rid of warnings (unused variable).
+
+Mon Mar  3 02:53:53 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_flush_raw): [EXPERIMENTAL] remove force syncing for Win32
+	  to speed up IO.  this may break some tests, and they'll be fixed
+	  later.
+	  [ruby-core:58570] [Bug #9153]
+
+Mon Mar  3 00:17:43 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_backtrace.rb: get rid of warnings.  unused variable,
+	  shadowing.
+
+Sun Mar  2 11:15:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/find.rb (Find#find): add "ignore_error" keyword argument
+	  defaulted to true.  [ruby-core:51025] [Feature #7596]
+
+Sun Mar  2 11:13:30 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/readline/extconf.rb (rl_hook_func_t): define as Function for
+	  very old readline versions.  [ruby-core:61209] [Bug #9578]
+
+Sun Mar  2 10:47:58 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* load.c (ruby_init_ext): make idempotent to suppress warnings
+
+Sat Mar  1 19:51:42 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/open3.rb (Open3.capture3): Ignore Errno::EPIPE for writing
+	  stdin_data.
+	  (Open3.capture2): Ditto.
+	  (Open3.capture2e): Ditto.
+
+Sat Mar  1 19:06:47 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* gc.c (ruby_gc_set_params): simplify condition
+
+Sat Mar  1 16:18:40 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/readline/readline.c (Init_readline): Use rl_hook_func_t instead
+	  of Function to support readline-6.3.  (rl_hook_func_t is available
+	  since readline-4.2.)
+	  Reported by Dmitry Medvinsky.  [ruby-core:61141] [Bug #9578]
+
+Sat Mar  1 16:05:58 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* gc.c (ruby_gc_set_params): fix building without RGenGC
+
+Sat Mar  1 11:08:00 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: support dumping Encoding
+	  objects.
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: support loading Encoding
+	  objects.
+
+	* test/psych/test_encoding.rb: add test
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: add version
+
+Sat Mar  1 10:52:34 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* README.EXT.ja: [DOC] Fix typo "macro macro" @utenmiki [Fixes GH-551]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/551
+
+Fri Feb 28 11:16:55 2014  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* numeric.c: Fix Numeric#step with 0 unit [Bug #9575]
+
+Thu Feb 27 17:59:01 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb: [DOC] Add example of generating help with optparse.
+	  Patch by @joelmccracken documenting-ruby/ruby#19
+	  https://github.com/documenting-ruby/ruby/pull/19
+
+Thu Feb 27 12:10:09 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (ruby_num_interval_step_size): check signs and get rid
+	  of implementation dependent behavior of negative division.
+	  [ruby-core:61106] [Bug #9570]
+
+Thu Feb 27 03:55:45 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* thread.c: [DOC] Typo in comment for _FORTIFY_SOURCE [Fixes GH-548]
+	  Patch by @qnet-herwin https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/548
+
+Wed Feb 26 18:43:43 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (heap_pages_free_unused_pages): check tomb page availability
+	  at first.
+	  And return immediately if we don't touch sorted list any more.
+
+Wed Feb 26 14:10:44 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (setup_exception): preserve exception class name encoding
+	  in debug mode messages.
+
+	* eval.c (setup_exception): preserve errinfo across calling #to_s
+	  method on the exception.  [ruby-core:61091] [Bug #9568]
+
+Wed Feb 26 01:29:27 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (sym_find): Add Symbol.find(str), which returns whether given
+	  string is defined as symbol or not. [Feature #7854]
+
+Tue Feb 25 22:52:02 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* ext/dl/dl.c (rb_dl_realloc): use NUM2SIZET instead of NUM2INT.
+
+	* ext/fiddle/fiddle.c (rb_fiddle_realloc): ditto.
+
+Tue Feb 25 22:49:30 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* ext/dl/dl.c (rb_dl_malloc): use NUM2SIZET instead of NUM2INT.
+	  Coverity Scan found this bug.
+
+	* ext/fiddle/fiddle.c (rb_fiddle_malloc): ditto.
+
+Tue Feb 25 12:06:13 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub: define PACKED_STRUCT.
+
+Mon Feb 24 21:41:56 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* README.md, README.ja.md: removed (wrong) mode setting for emacs.
+
+Mon Feb 24 20:05:41 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* configure.in: define PACKED_STRUCT_UNALIGNED for x86*
+	* timev.h (struct vtm): use PACKED_STRUCT_UNALIGNED
+	* time.c (struct time_object): ditto
+	  [Bug #9558] non-x86 cannot safely access unaligned addresses
+
+Mon Feb 24 18:10:02 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/fiddle/test_function.rb: remove unused variables.
+	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb: ditto.
+	* test/io/console/test_io_console.rb: ditto.
+
+Mon Feb 24 12:37:51 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* configure.in: use -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat for GCC 4.4+
+	  use __attribute__((packed)) if available
+	* timev.h: shrink and pack struct vtm
+	* time.c: pack struct time_object and adjust/introduce helpers
+	  [ruby-core:60794]
+
+Sun Feb 23 17:55:50 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/xmltokens.rb: Add missing non ASCII valid characters
+	  to element name characters. Now, REXML name tokens exactly
+	  match "[5] Name" in the XML spec and "[4] NCName" in the
+	  Namespaces in XML spec. See comment about the details.
+	  [Bug #9539]  [ruby-core:60901]
+	  Reported by Mario Barcala. Thanks!!!
+
+	* test/rexml/xpath/test_node.rb: Add tests for the above case.
+
+Sun Feb 23 12:18:54 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (inet_pton): use rb_w32_inet_pton, instead of
+	  inet_pton directly, which is unavailable on older version Windows.
+
+	* include/ruby/win32.h, win32/win32.c (rb_w32_inet_pton): add a
+	  wrapper function for inet_pton minimum supported client is
+	  Vista, as well as inet_ntop.
+
+Sun Feb 23 11:33:25 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/net/imap/test_imap.rb: remove unused variables.
+	* test/net/imap/test_imap_response_parser.rb: ditto.
+	* test/net/pop/test_pop.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Feb 23 02:19:51 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb (bind_random_port): Rescue EPERM for FreeBSD which
+	  security.mac.portacl.port_high is changed.
+	  See mac_portacl(4) for details.
+	  Reported by Jakub Szafranski.  [ruby-core:60917] [Bug #9544]
+
+Sat Feb 22 23:17:01 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/xpath_parser.rb: Fix indent.
+
+Sat Feb 22 23:15:35 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/xpath/test_attribute.rb: Simplify.
+
+Sat Feb 22 20:28:47 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: more friendly.
+
+Sat Feb 22 20:24:43 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_xpath*.rb: Move to ...
+	* test/rexml/xpath/*.rb: ... here.
+
+Sat Feb 22 20:04:41 2014  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/listener.rb: Untabify.
+
+Sat Feb 22 19:07:31 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_dev): need read access for conout$
+	  because some functions need it.  [Bug#9554]
+
+Sat Feb 22 18:40:58 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* .gitignore: ignore benchmark files
+
+Sat Feb 22 01:22:24 2014  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* bignum.c (bary_mul_precheck): fix a copy-paste error.
+	  Coverity Scan found this bug.
+
+Sat Feb 22 00:58:51 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (rb_getaddrinfo): second argument of
+	  MEMZERO is type.  Coverity Scan found this bug.
+
+Fri Feb 21 23:47:24 2014  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/init.c (wait_connectable): break if the socket is
+	  writable to avoid infinite loops on FreeBSD and other platforms
+	  which conforms to SUSv3.  This problem cannot be reproduced with
+	  loopback interfaces, so it's hard to write test code.
+	  rsock_connect() and wait_connectable() are overly complicated, so
+	  they should be refactored, but I commit this fix as a workaround
+	  for the release of Ruby 1.9.3 scheduled on Feb 24.
+	  [ruby-core:60940] [Bug #9547]
+
+Fri Feb 21 23:03:39 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: added to handle redmine tickets.
+
+Fri Feb 21 20:42:01 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (rb_mod_init_copy): do nothing if copying self.
+	  [ruby-dev:47989] [Bug #9535]
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_initialize_copy): ditto.
+
+Fri Feb 21 16:45:54 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb (next_rotate_time, previous_period_end): consider
+	  DST change.
+
+	* lib/logger.rb (Logger::LogDevice#check_shift_log): compare the
+	  current time with the time for the next rotation to fix rotation
+	  miss when date changed between the comparison and log writing.
+	  based on the patch by megayu <yuhg2310 AT gmail.com>.
+	  [Fixes GH-539]
+
+Fri Feb 21 10:39:33 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	*  test/monitor/test_monitor.rb: remove unused variables.
+	*  test/resolv/test_dns.rb: ditto.
+	*  test/rexml/test_functions.rb: ditto.
+	*  test/rss/test_setup_maker_itunes.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Feb 21 09:48:56 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_sendmsg_internal): only retry on error
+	  (bsock_recvmsg_internal): ditto
+	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: test above for infinite loop
+
+Fri Feb 21 08:27:19 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RB_GC_GUARD):
+	  use rb_gc_guarded_ptr_val on non-GCC/MSC
+	* gc.c (rb_gc_guarded_ptr_val): rename and adjust argument.
+	  RB_GC_GUARD should be robust enough for any compiler.
+	  [ruby-core:60816] [Bug #7805]
+
+Thu Feb 20 22:21:26 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (numeric_getaddrinfo): Use xcalloc.
+	  Suggested by Eric Wong.
+	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/9525#note-14
+
+Thu Feb 20 11:21:13 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_flatten): fix behavior of flatten(-1).
+	  [ruby-dev:47988] [Bug #9533]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb: test for above.
+
+Wed Feb 19 18:57:02 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket: Bypass getaddrinfo() if node and serv are numeric.
+	  Reporeted by Naotoshi Seo.  [ruby-core:60801] [Bug #9525]
+
+	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: Detect struct sockaddr_in6.sin6_len.
+
+	* ext/socket/sockport.h (SET_SIN6_LEN): New macro.
+	  (INIT_SOCKADDR_IN6): Ditto.
+
+	* ext/socket/rubysocket.h (struct rb_addrinfo): Add
+	  allocated_by_malloc field.
+
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (numeric_getaddrinfo): New function.
+	  (rb_getaddrinfo): Call numeric_getaddrinfo at first.
+	  (rb_freeaddrinfo): Free struct addrinfo properly when it is
+	  allocated by numeric_getaddrinfo.
+
+Wed Feb 19 18:31:48 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket: Wrap struct addrinfo by struct rb_addrinfo.
+
+Wed Feb 19 17:47:01 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ipsocket.c (ip_s_getaddress): Don't access freed memory.
+
+Wed Feb 19 11:39:41 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: it must see rb_cv_broken_memmem not rb_cv_func_memmem.
+
+Tue Feb 18 23:18:41 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/socket/test_socket.rb: unix socket is required by test case.
+
+Tue Feb 18 20:48:38 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/socket/test_addrinfo.rb: remove unused variables.
+	* test/socket/test_nonblock.rb: ditto.
+	* test/socket/test_socket.rb: ditto.
+	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: ditto.
+	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb: ditto.
+	* test/webrick/test_filehandler.rb: ditto.
+	* test/xmlrpc/test_features.rb: ditto.
+	* test/zlib/test_zlib.rb: ditto.
+
+Tue Feb 18 14:27:18 2014  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: Requires minitest < 5.0.0 if Gem is available.
+
+Tue Feb 18 14:24:07 2014  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* lib/test/unit/test-unit.gemspec: Add minitest < 5.0.0 dependency
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb: Add empty implementations for `add_dependency`,
+	  `add_runtime_dependency`, `add_development_dependency` for
+	  Gem::Specification.
+
+Tue Feb 18 12:06:39 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* configure.in (FILE_COUNT): Removed.  (win32.c defines it in itself.)
+	  (FILE_READPTR): Ditto.
+
+Tue Feb 18 09:35:44 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/test/psych/test_string.rb: remove unused variables.
+	* test/test/psych/test_yaml.rb: ditto.
+
+Mon Feb 17 21:31:31 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: ignore warning messages for running with -w
+	  option such as chkbuild.
+
+Mon Feb 17 20:00:27 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* internal.h: Move BDIGIT and related definitions from
+	  include/ruby/defines.h.
+
+Mon Feb 17 17:41:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (marshal_dump, marshal_load): do not recycle wrapper
+	  objects, to prevent from segfault with continuation.
+	  [ruby-dev:47970] [Bug #9523]
+
+Mon Feb 17 15:43:59 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* doc/keywords.rdoc: [DOC] Add keywords doc by documenting-ruby/ruby#29
+	  https://github.com/documenting-ruby/ruby/pull/29
+
+Mon Feb 17 12:31:31 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (get_envparam_double): fix a warning message.
+
+Mon Feb 17 12:09:52 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: introduce new environment variable
+	  "RUBY_GC_HEAP_OLDOBJECT_LIMIT_FACTOR" to control major/minor GC
+	  frequency.
+
+	  Do full GC when the number of old objects is more than R * N
+	  where R is this factor and
+                N is the number of old objects just after last full GC.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: add a test.
+
+Mon Feb 17 11:28:40 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/test_pty.rb: ignore warnings to unused variables.
+
+Mon Feb 17 11:27:36 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/test_find.rb: remove unused variables.
+
+Sun Feb 17 02:12:00 2014  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_initialize): Insert GC guard.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_global_new): ditto.
+
+Sun Feb 16 15:53:36 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/test_securerandom.rb: File.exists? is deprecated. use File.exist?
+
+Sun Feb 16 15:05:00 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/pathname/test_pathname.rb: File.exists? is deprecated. use File.exist?
+
+Sun Feb 16 15:00:28 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/net/ftp/test_ftp.rb: remove unused variables.
+	* test/logger/test_logger.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Feb 16 14:52:46 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* dir.c (dir_s_glob): RB_GC_GUARD instead of volatile
+
+Sun Feb 16 14:33:52 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RBIGNUM_SIGN): Defined for compatibility.
+	  (RBIGNUM_POSITIVE_P): Ditto.
+	  (RBIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P): Ditto.
+
+Sun Feb 16 12:46:47 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_f_backquote): trade volatile for manual recycle
+	  rb_gc_force_recycle ensures object is visible until recycle
+
+Sun Feb 16 11:55:14 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (marshal_dump): use rb_gc_force_recycle for GC-safety
+	  (marshal_load): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:60730] [Bug #7805]
+
+Sun Feb 16 08:11:23 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* README.EXT.ja: [DOC] Fix typo by @utenmiki [Fixes GH-534]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/534
+
+Sun Feb 16 07:48:20 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BIGNUM_ZERO_P): Unused macro removed.
+
+Sun Feb 16 06:12:23 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* internal.h: Rename macro names: RBIGNUM_FOO to BIGNUM_FOO.
+	  (BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_NUMBITS): Renamed from RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_NUMBITS.
+	  (BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX): Renamed from RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX.
+	  (BIGNUM_SIGN_BIT): Renamed from RBIGNUM_SIGN_BIT.
+	  (BIGNUM_SIGN): Renamed from RBIGNUM_SIGN.
+	  (BIGNUM_SET_SIGN): Renamed from RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN.
+	  (BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P): Renamed from RBIGNUM_POSITIVE_P.
+	  (BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P): Renamed from RBIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P.
+	  (BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG): Renamed from RBIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG.
+	  (BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK): Renamed from RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK.
+	  (BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT): Renamed from RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT.
+	  (BIGNUM_LEN): Renamed from RBIGNUM_LEN.
+	  (RBIGNUM_DIGITS): Renamed from RBIGNUM_DIGITS.
+	  (BIGNUM_LENINT): Renamed from RBIGNUM_LENINT.
+
+	* bignum.c: Follow the above change.
+
+	* gc.c: Ditto.
+
+	* marshal.c: Ditto.
+
+	* math.c: Ditto.
+
+	* numeric.c: Ditto.
+
+	* random.c: Ditto.
+
+	* rational.c: Ditto.
+
+	* sprintf.c: Ditto.
+
+	* ext/-test-/bignum/bigzero.c: Ditto.
+
+	* ext/-test-/bignum/intpack.c: Ditto.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c: Ditto.
+
+Sat Feb 15 20:48:49 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* configure.in (FILE_READEND): Don't detect it because it is not used.
+
+Sat Feb 15 13:22:28 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* probes_helper.h (RUBY_DTRACE_HOOK): correct type for _id
+
+Sat Feb 15 11:47:47 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_cmp): Avoid bignum allocation for comparison
+	  between bignum and fixnum.
+
+Sat Feb 15 10:55:12 2014  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/-test-/win32/fd_setsize/depend: fix wrong dependencies.
+	  [ruby-dev:47253]
+
+Sat Feb 15 00:38:54 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enum.c: Enumerable#{min,min_by,max,max_by} extended to take an
+	  optional argument.
+	  (nmin_cmp): New function.
+	  (nmin_block_cmp): Ditto
+	  (nmin_filter): Ditto.
+	  (nmin_i): Ditto.
+	  (nmin_run): Ditto.
+	  (enum_min): Call nmin_run if the optional argument is given.
+	  (nmin_max): Ditto.
+	  (nmin_min_by): Ditto.
+	  (nmin_max_by): Ditto.
+
+	* range.c: Range#{min,max} extended to take an optional argument.
+	  (range_min): Call range_first if the optional argument is given.
+	  (range_max): Call rb_call_super if the optional argument is given.
+
+	[ruby-core:57111] [Feature #8887]
+
+Sat Feb 15 00:27:46 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h,
+	  internal.h,
+	  ext/-test-/bignum/bigzero.c: Hide a Bignum definition.
+	  [ruby-core:42891] [Feature #6083]
+
+Sat Feb 15 00:13:14 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h,
+	  include/ruby/io.h,
+	  include/ruby/ruby.h,
+	  include/ruby/win32.h,
+	  include/ruby/backward/rubysig.h,
+	  bignum.c,
+	  gc.c,
+	  io.c,
+	  process.c,
+	  safe.c,
+	  struct.c,
+	  thread.c,
+	  ext/socket/rubysocket.h,
+	  ext/-test-/old_thread_select: Remove deprecated definitions
+	  [ruby-core:60581] [Feature #9502]
+
+Fri Feb 14 18:38:46 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_format_m): trade volatile for RB_GC_GUARD
+	  RB_GC_GUARD meaning is clear and has better code generation.
+	  [ruby-core:60688]
+
+Thu Feb 13 23:30:30 2014  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): should check ci->me->flag of
+	  a refining method in case the method is private.
+	  [ruby-core:60111] [Bug #9452]
+
+	* vm_method.c (make_method_entry_refined): set me->flag of a refined
+	  method entry to NOEX_PUBLIC in case the original method is private
+	  and it is refined as a public method.  The original flag is stored
+	  in me->def->body.orig_me, so it's OK to make a refined method
+	  entry public.  [ruby-core:60111] [Bug #9452]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related tests.
+
+Thu Feb 13 18:38:15 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_raise): remove volatile
+	  Unnecessary since r41597
+
+Thu Feb 13 18:28:51 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_regcomp): remove volatile
+	  Unnecessary since r13261
+
+Thu Feb 13 16:54:32 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb: Ensure flatten! is used for test_flatten
+	  Patch by @ksss [Fixes GH-530] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/530
+
+Thu Feb 13 15:43:16 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (IDSET_ATTRSET_FOR_INTERN): fix off-by-one bug.
+
+	* parse.y (rb_enc_symname_type): junk ID succeeded by '=' is also
+	  attrset ID.  [ruby-core:60668] [Bug #8756]
+
+Thu Feb 13 11:06:32 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: check if pthread_setname_np is available.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c: pthread_setname_np is not available on old
+	  Darwins.  [ruby-core:60524] [Bug #9492]
+
+Thu Feb 13 00:56:59 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: revert r44922. I should have used AC_CHECK_FUNCS()
+	  to just define a symbol if the function is available.
+
+Thu Feb 13 00:20:58 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: use AC_CHECK_FUNC instead of AC_CHECK_FUNCS
+	  if available.
+
+Thu Feb 13 00:15:10 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: fix to undefine HAVE_MEMMEM correctly if it is broken.
+
+Tue Feb 11 23:54:40 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_cmp): Specialize a comparison to zero.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (is_negative): Use rb_big_cmp instead of
+	  RBIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P.
+	  (BigMath_s_log): Ditto.
+
+Tue Feb 11 22:59:10 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c (ossl_bn_initialize): Use rb_integer_pack.
+	  Fix SEGV by OpenSSL::BN.new(1 << (2**34)).
+
+Tue Feb 11 17:00:38 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* ext/tk/README.tcltklib: [DOC] Fix typo by @xta [Fixes GH-532]
+
+Sun Feb  9 13:59:29 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* configure.in: Fix compilation error.
+	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8358#note-16
+
+Sun Feb  9 05:20:24 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (rb_cv_gnu_qsort_r): use compile error "conflicting
+	  types for 'qsort_r'" instead of AC_RUN_IFELSE.
+
+Sun Feb  9 04:07:34 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/yaml.rb: [DOC] Add links to syck and psych on github [Bug #9501]
+	  Based on a patch by Giorgos Tsiftsis
+
+Sun Feb  9 02:13:53 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (OBJ_TAINTABLE, OBJ_TAINT, OBJ_INFECT),
+	  marshal.c (r_entry0): all Numerics never be tainted now.
+	  [ruby-core:57346] [Bug #8945]
+
+Sat Feb  8 23:40:35 2014  Vit Ondruch  <vondruch@redhat.com>
+
+	* configure.in: add quoting brackets and append wildcard for the
+	  rest after target_cpu, to properly detect platform for SSE2
+	  instructions.  [ruby-core:60576] [Bug #8358]
+
+Sat Feb  8 21:44:07 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: check qsort_r(3) and whether it is GNU version.
+	  BSD version has different prototype.
+
+	* util.h: use qsort_r() as ruby_qsort() if it is GNU version.
+
+	* util.c: define ruby_qsort() if needed.
+
+Sat Feb  8 16:34:36 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Message::MessageDecoder#get_labels):
+	  Make it iterative.
+
+Sat Feb  8 15:54:12 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c, gc.h (rb_objspace_marked_object_p): added.
+	  This function *ONLY* works just after marking phase,
+	  before any sweeping.
+	  This function is highly depending current GC implementation
+	  and can be removed future version.
+
+Sat Feb  8 15:41:37 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb: Don't set CLOEXEC flag explicitly.  (Ruby set it by
+	  default.)
+
+Sat Feb  8 15:27:02 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Message::MessageDecoder): Raise
+	  DecodeError if no data before the limit.
+	  Reported by Will Bryant.  [ruby-core:60557] [Bug #9498]
+
+Sat Feb  8 15:11:21 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* io.c (SMALLBUF): Unused macro removed.
+
+Fri Feb  7 23:37:49 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb: Ignore name servers which cause EAFNOSUPPORT on
+	  socket creation.
+	  Reported by Bjoern Rennhak.  [ruby-core:60442] [Bug #9477]
+
+Fri Feb  7 21:58:48 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/open-uri.rb: [DOC] use lower case version of core classes, same
+	  as commit r44878, based on patch by Jonathan Jackson [Bug #9483]
+
+Fri Feb  7 21:54:53 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* ext/ripper/lib/ripper/lexer.rb: [DOC] use lower case version of core
+	  classes when referring to return value, since we aren't directly
+	  talking about the class. Patch by Jonathan Jackson [Bug #9483]
+
+Fri Feb 7 05:28:38 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* constant.h: reduce rb_const_entry_t size on 64-bit
+	  Patch by Adam Avilla [ruby-core:60542] [Feature #9496]
+
+Thu Feb  6 15:27:46 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (get_envparam_int): correct warning messages.
+
+	* gc.c (get_envparam_double): ditto.
+
+Thu Feb  6 15:17:30 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (get_envparam_int): don't accept a value equals to lowerbound
+	  (changed by last commit) because "" or "foo" (not a number) strings
+	  are parsed as 0. They should be rejected.
+
+	* gc.c (get_envparam_double): ditto.
+
+Thu Feb  6 09:00:35 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (ruby_gc_set_params): if RUBY_GC_OLDMALLOC_LIMIT is provided,
+	  then set objspace->rgengc.oldmalloc_increase_limit.
+	  Without this fix, the env variable RUBY_GC_OLDMALLOC_LIMIT
+	  does not work.
+
+	* gc.c (get_envparam_int): accept a value equals to lowerbound.
+
+	* gc.c (get_envparam_double): ditto.
+
+Thu Feb 6 08:23:28 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/thread/thread.c (rb_szqueue_max_set): use correct queue and
+	  limit wakeups.  [Bug #9343][ruby-core:60517]
+	* test/thread/test_queue.rb (test_sized_queue_assign_max):
+	  test for bug
+
+Thu Feb  6 07:18:01 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems 2.2.2.  Complete history at:
+
+	  http://rubygems.rubyforge.org/rubygems-update/History_txt.html#label-2.2.2+%2F+2014-02-05
+
+	* test/rubygems:  ditto.
+
+Wed Feb  5 20:56:32 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (to_be_skipped_id): ignore anonymous attributes.
+
+	* pack.c (Init_pack): use anonymous ID so that associated objects
+	  do not appear in the packed result.
+
+	* parse.y (rb_make_internal_id): return an anonymous ID for
+	  internal use.
+
+Wed Feb  5 14:41:56 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vsnprintf.c: remove duplicated def of `UNINITIALIZED_VAR()'.
+
+Wed Feb  5 14:40:16 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c (dump_object): use STR_SHARED_P()
+	  instead of removed STR_NOCAPA_P() macro.
+
+Wed Feb  5 13:51:33 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* internal.h, vm_core.h: move LIKELY/UNLIKELY/UNINITIALIZED_VAR()
+	  macros from vm_core.h to internal.h.
+
+	* string.c: remove dependency to "vm_core.h".
+
+	* common.mk: ditto.
+
+Wed Feb  5 13:29:01 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_free): use FL_TEST(str, STR_SHARED) directly
+	  because str is not embed.
+
+	* string.c (str_replace): remove `FL_SET(str, STR_SHARED)' line
+	  because STR_SET_SHARED() set STR_SHARED.
+
+Wed Feb  5 13:18:08 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* internal.h: remove macros STR_NOCAPA and STR_NOCAPA_P().
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_resize): remove `STR_SET_NOEMBED(str)' because
+	  str_make_independent_expand() set NOEMBED flag.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_resize): remove `STR_NOCAPA_P(str)' check because
+	  `str' is independent (not shared).
+
+Wed Feb  5 12:54:25 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* string.c: refactoring, especially about string flags.
+
+	* string.c (STR_UNSET_NOCAPA): removed.
+	  Use FL_UNSET() with STR_SHARED.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_capacity): check STR_SHARED directly
+	  because it is not a embed string.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_modify_expand): ditto.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_shared_replace): use STR_SET_SHARED().
+
+	* string.c (str_make_independent_expand): remove STR_UNSET_NOCAPA()
+	  because `str' is not shared string.
+
+Wed Feb  5 12:11:04 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* string.c (RESIZE_CAPA): should not resize shared string.
+
+Wed Feb  5 11:46:42 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_children): STR_ASSOC is no longer available.
+	  Reported by @nagachika.
+	  http://d.hatena.ne.jp/nagachika/20140204
+
+Wed Feb  5 11:27:22 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_new_frozen): refactoring code.
+	  * Move code from str_new_frozen_with_klass() (and remove it)
+	  * `aux.shared' should not be 0 for STR_SHARED strings.
+
+Wed Feb  5 04:23:41 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: New release of psych.
+	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: ditto
+
+Wed Feb  5 04:16:41 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/yaml/emitter.c: merge libyaml 0.1.5
+	* ext/psych/yaml/loader.c: ditto
+	* ext/psych/yaml/parser.c: ditto
+	* ext/psych/yaml/reader.c: ditto
+	* ext/psych/yaml/scanner.c: ditto
+	* ext/psych/yaml/writer.c: ditto
+	* ext/psych/yaml/yaml_private.h: ditto
+
+Tue Feb  4 19:10:29 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* string.c: use long allocator names instead of numbered
+	  allocator names.
+	  * rb_str_new2 -> rb_str_new_cstr
+	  * rb_str_new4 -> rb_str_new_frozen
+	  * rb_str_new5 -> rb_str_new_with_class
+	  * str_new3 -> str_new_shared
+	  * str_new4 -> str_new_frozen_with_klass
+
+Tue Feb  4 17:20:03 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (glob_helper): return the filename with actual cases on
+	  the filesystem if it is case-insensitive.  [ruby-core:42469]
+	  [Feature #5994]
+
+Tue Feb  4 16:16:58 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* string.c: use STR_SHARED instead of ELTS_SHARED.
+	  (same value, but more clear meaning)
+
+Tue Feb  4 16:09:14 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* string.c: remove STR_ASSOC related code.
+	  By r44804, string objects can not have STR_ASSOC flag.
+
+	* internal.h: ditto.
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c (dump_object): ditto.
+
+Tue Feb  4 14:07:20 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* pack.c (str_associate, str_associated): keep associated objects
+	  in an instance variables, instead of in the internal structure.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_associate, rb_str_associated): deprecate.
+
+Tue Feb  4 12:55:31 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_modify_expand): enable capacity and disable
+	  association with packed objects when setting capa, so that
+	  pack("p") string fails to unpack properly after modified.
+
+Tue Feb  4 12:45:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (glob_make_pattern): all alphabets are magic characters on
+	  case-insensitive filesystems.  [ruby-core:42469] [Feature #5994]
+
+Tue Feb  4 09:47:57 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems 2.2.2 prerelease to check fixes to
+	  CI.
+	* test/rubygems:  ditto.
+
+Mon Feb  3 12:04:47 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* error.c: [DOC] Exception#cause may return nil. [ci skip]
+
+Sun Feb 2 05:48:42 2014  Eric Wong <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_syswrite): add RB_GC_GUARD
+	  [Bug #9472][ruby-core:60407]
+
+Sat Feb  1 15:09:16 2014  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_typedesc2val): add VT_RECORD case.
+
+Sat Feb  1 06:38:51 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/drb/drb.rb: [DOC] Add note about start_service for each process
+	  Based on a patch by @rosenfeld [Fixes GH-514] [ci skip]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/514
+
+Sat Feb  1 06:30:20 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* error.c: [DOC] Document Exception#cause by @jasonrclark [ci skip]
+	  [Fixes GH-519] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/519
+
+Sat Feb  1 06:10:49 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/securerandom.rb: [DOC] Add note on require for examples
+	  Based on a patch by @schneems [Fixes GH-518] [ci skip]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/518
+
+Sat Feb  1 06:04:56 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* numeric.c: [DOC] Fix typo in example for #step [ci skip]
+	  Patch by @ksss [Fixes GH-522] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/522
+
+Fri Jan 31 17:01:47 2014  Eric Wong <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_socket0): split out SOCK_CLOEXEC version
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_socketpair0): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:60377]
+
+Fri Jan 31 03:48:40 2014  Eric Wong <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* benchmark/driver: avoid large alloc in driver process
+	  [ruby-core:59869] [Bug #9430]
+
+Thu Jan 30 14:45:49 2014  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: use $@ instead of $(.TARGET) because .TARGET is not
+	  supported by GNU make.
+
+Thu Jan 30 08:26:21 2014  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/closure.c: use sizeof(*pcl) for correct sizeof value.
+	  [ruby-core:57599] [Bug #8978].
+
+Wed Jan 29 20:08:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (nogvl_copy_stream_sendfile): check socket on other than
+	  linux, as sendfile(2) on non-socket fd works only on linux.
+	  [Feature #9427]
+
+Wed Jan 29 18:09:48 2014  Eric Wong <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* io.c (nogvl_copy_stream_sendfile): remove socket check
+	  [ruby-core:59856][Feature #9427]
+
+Wed Jan 29 04:29:54 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: pass read_nonblock options to underlying IO
+	  when SSL session has not been started.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: test for change.
+
+Wed Jan 29 03:49:36 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/closure.c: use sizeof(*pcl) for correct sizeof value.
+	  [ruby-core:57599] [Bug #8978].  Thanks mame!
+
+Wed Jan 29 03:36:42 2014  Eric Wong <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* doc/contributing.rdoc: allow/encourage other git hosts
+	  [ruby-core:59807][misc #9421]
+
+Tue Jan 28 23:36:01 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket: Avoid redundant fcntl/fstat syscalls for cloexec
+	  sockets.
+	  Patch by Eric Wong.  [ruby-core:59429] [Feature #9330]
+
+Tue Jan 28 20:51:07 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (READ_FROM_CHILD): Apply the last hunk of
+	  0001-process.c-avoid-EINTR-from-Process.spawn.patch written by
+	  Eric Wong in [Bug #8770].
+
+Tue Jan 28 16:31:13 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (ruby_init_stack, ruby_stack_overflowed_p):
+	  place get_stack above others to get stack boundary information.
+	  [ruby-core:60113] [Bug #9454]
+
+Tue Jan 28 15:27:36 2014  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c: rlimit is only available on Linux.
+	  At least r44712 breaks FreeBSD.
+	  [ruby-core:60113] [Bug #9454]
+
+Tue Jan 28 15:17:59 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/set.rb: [DOC] Add examples for Set#intersect? and Set#disjoint?
+	  Patch by xavier nayrac [Bug #9331] [ci skip]
+
+Tue Jan 28 15:12:22 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (rb_zlib_adler32): [DOC] Add example for adler32
+	  Patch by Vajrasky Kok [Bug #9307] [ci skip]
+
+Tue Jan 28 08:56:00 2014  Charlie Somerville  <charliesome@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_build_from_ary_body): Use :blockptr instead of :block
+	  as hash key when loading serialized instruction sequences from arrays.
+	  [Bug #9455] [ruby-core:60146]
+
+Mon Jan 27 21:52:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c: get current main thread stack size, which may
+	  be expanded than allocated size at initialization, by rlimit().
+	  [ruby-core:60113] [Bug #9454]
+
+Sat Jan 25 22:17:02 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* README.ja.md, README.md: update the controller address of
+	  mailing lists.
+
+Sat Jan 25 14:50:42 2014  Eric Wong  <normalperson@yhbt.net>
+
+	* process.c (send_child_error): retry write on EINTR to fix
+	  occasional Errno::EINTR from Process.spawn.
+
+	* process.c (recv_child_error): retry read on EINTR to fix
+	  occasional Errno::EINTR from Process.spawn.
+
+Sat Jan 25 14:21:06 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): result of assignment should be
+	  its rhs instead of returned value from a method.
+	  [ruby-core:60071] [Bug #9448]
+
+Sat Jan 25 11:16:19 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (rb_extract_keywords): treat nil keyword_hash same as 0,
+	  for the case rb_scan_args returns nil if no keyword hash.
+
+Fri Jan 24 15:13:20 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/racc/rdoc/grammar.en.rdoc: [DOC] Correct grammar and typos
+	  Patch by Giorgos Tsiftsis [Bug #9429] [ci skip]
+
+Thu Jan 23 20:20:17 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb: try to wait a bit (0.1sec) when ruby process
+	  exits by signals because some SEGV tests fail because of not enough
+	  error output.
+
+Thu Jan 23 20:06:27 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: check the target thread.
+
+Thu Jan 23 19:59:16 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: check the target thread.
+
+Thu Jan 23 14:26:44 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb: [DOC] Fix typo in options_of() example [Bug #9392]
+	  Patch by Giorgos Tsiftsis
+
+Thu Jan 23 13:56:16 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* README -> README.md: [DOC] Format README with Markdown [Bug #9255]
+	* README.ja -> README.ja.md: ditto
+
+Wed Jan 22 15:59:39 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/thread/thread.c (Init_thread): ConditionVariable and Queue
+	  are not able to copy.  [ruby-core:59961] [Bug #9440]
+
+Tue Jan 21 20:14:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (rb_thread_create_timer_thread): fix for platforms
+	  where PTHREAD_STACK_MIN is a dynamic value and not a compile-time
+	  constant.  [ruby-dev:47911] [Bug #9436]
+
+Tue Jan 21 17:55:09 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb: [DOC] Use static w3.org uri [ci skip]
+	  Patch by @ykzts [Fix GH-484] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/484
+
+Tue Jan 21 16:43:22 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* enum.c: [DOC] Add simple example of Enumerable#zip [ci skip]
+	  Patch by @nruth on documenting-ruby/ruby#22
+	  https://github.com/documenting-ruby/ruby/pull/22
+
+Tue Jan 21 16:26:44 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (rb_thread_create_timer_thread): expand timer
+	  thread stack size to get rid of segfault on FreeBSD/powerpc64.
+	  based on the patch by Steve Wills at [ruby-core:59923].
+	  [ruby-core:56590] [Bug #8783]
+
+Tue Jan 21 04:31:23 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c: Use "int" for IP_MULTICAST_LOOP and
+	  IP_MULTICAST_TTL on Mac OS X and Windows.
+
+Tue Jan 21 00:39:15 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c: Use "byte" as default argument for
+	  IP_MULTICAST_LOOP and IP_MULTICAST_TTL socket option to follow
+	  the original multicast implementation.
+
+Mon Jan 20 20:20:27 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c: Use preprocessor macros to avoid repeated
+	  conditionals.
+
+Mon Jan 20 13:55:03 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/version.rb: [DOC] Use gender-neutral pronouns [ci skip]
+	* lib/rubygems/security.rb: ditto
+
+Sun Jan 19 06:38:48 2014  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* compar.c (cmp_equal): warn for this release and still rescue
+	  standard exceptions for a nicer transition. See #7688.
+	  Partly reverts r44502.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_comparable.rb: adapt assertion to match new behavior.
+
+Sun Jan 19 06:27:18 2014  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_comparable.rb: specify behavior for the different
+	  kind of exceptions rescued (or not) by Comparable#==.
+
+Sat Jan 18 23:12:19 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket: Avoid unnecessary ppoll/select on Linux.
+	  Patch by Eric Wong.  [ruby-core:57950] [Bug #9039]
+
+Sat Jan 18 22:57:44 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Resource::TXT#data): Return concatenated
+	  string.
+	  Patch by Ryan Brunner.  [ruby-core:58220] [Bug #9093]
+
+Sat Jan 18 22:35:15 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_update_max_fd): Return immediately if the given fd is small
+	  enough.
+
+Sat Jan 18 22:25:53 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* io.c: Test O_CLOEXEC only once.
+	  Patch by Eric Wong.  [ruby-core:59419] [Feature #9328]
+
+Sat Jan 18 21:24:49 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c: IP_MULTICAST_LOOP and IP_MULTICAST_TTL socket
+	  option takes a byte on OpenBSD.
+	  Fixed by Jeremy Evans.  [ruby-core:59496] [Bug #9350]
+
+Sat Jan 18 21:19:04 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/open-uri.rb: Make proxy disabling working again.
+	  Fixed by Christophe Philemotte.   [ruby-core:59650] [Bug #9385]
+
+Fri Jan 17 20:05:02 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/delegate.rb (Delegator): keep source information methods
+	  which start and end with '__'.  [ruby-core:59718] [Bug #9403]
+
+Fri Jan 17 17:58:04 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_s_constants): return its own constants for other
+	  than Module itself.  [ruby-core:59763] [Bug #9413]
+
+Tue Jan 16 00:17:00 2014  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.gemspec: bigdecimal version 1.2.5.
+
+Wed Jan 15 20:30:31 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (io_binwrite): use writev(2) to avoid double write if available.
+
+	* configure.in: check writev(2)
+
+Wed Jan 15 14:04:33 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (get_encoding): respect BOM on pseudo encodings.
+	  [ruby-dev:47895] [Bug #9415]
+
+Wed Jan 15 14:03:47 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (get_actual_encoding): get actual encoding according to
+	  the BOM if exists.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_inspect): use according encoding, instead of
+	  pseudo encodings, UTF-{16,32}.  [ruby-core:59757] [Bug #8940]
+
+Tue Jan 14 21:07:22 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/thread/thread.c (rb_szqueue_clear): notify SZQUEUE_WAITERS
+	  on SizedQueue#clear. [ruby-core:59462] [Bug #9342]
+
+	* test/thread/test_queue.rb: add test. the patch is from
+	  Justin Collins.
+
+Tue Jan 14 15:58:43 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (CLASS_NAME): macro to wrap
+	  depending on PRIsVALUE for 1.9.  [Backport #9406]
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (DECIMAL_SIZE_OF_BITS): fallback
+	  definition for 2.1 or older.  [ruby-core:59750] [Backport #9406]
+
+Tue Jan 14 11:28:44 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@google.com>
+
+	* vm_exec.c (cfp): Fixes a SEGV issue in r44554.
+	  r11 can be broken by subroutine and sometimes causes SEGV at
+	  runtime.  Use r13 instead.
+
+Tue Jan 14 02:20:00 2014  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_divide): Add an additional
+	  digit for the quotient to be compatible with bigdecimal 1.2.1 and
+	  the former.  [ruby-core:59365] [#9316] [#9305]
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb: tests for the above change.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.gemspec: bigdecimal version 1.2.4.
+
+Mon Jan 13 14:55:31 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/xmlrpc/client.rb: [DOC] Remove note about SSL package on RAA
+	  Since RAA has been deprecated, and the SSL package has been replaced
+	  with net/https this statement is entirely false and should be
+	  deleted. [Bug #9152]
+
+Mon Jan 13 14:47:07 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/net/smtp.rb: [DOC] Remove dead link to RAA by Giorgos Tsiftsis
+	  Fixes the following bugs: [Bug #9152] [Bug #9268] [Bug #9394]
+	* lib/open-uri.rb: ditto
+
+Mon Jan 13 14:25:55 2014  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c: Fixed typo by Sandor Szuecs [Bug #9243]
+
+Mon Jan 13 12:03:00 2014  Charlie Somerville  <charliesome@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/thread/thread.c (rb_szqueue_push): check GET_SZQUEUE_WAITERS
+	  instead of GET_QUEUE_WAITERS to prevent deadlock. Patch by Eric Wong.
+	  [Bug #9302] [ruby-core:59324]
+
+	* test/thread/test_queue.rb: add test
+
+Sun Jan 12 16:41:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_load): keep type_map to get rid of memory leak.
+	  based on a patch by Eric Wong at [ruby-core:59699].  [Bug #9399]
+
+Sun Jan 12 09:21:35 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/util.h (DECIMAL_SIZE_OF_BITS): a preprocessor
+	  constant macro to approximate decimal representation size of n-bits
+	  integer.
+
+	* iseq.c (register_label): use DECIMAL_SIZE_OF_BITS for better
+	  approximation.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigMath_s_log): ditto.
+
+	* common.mk (iseq.o), ext/bigdecimal/depend (bigdecimal.o): add
+	  dependency to ruby/util.h for DECIMAL_SIZE_OF_BITS.
+
+Fri Jan 10 16:27:20 2014  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@google.com>
+
+	* vm_exec.c (cfp): Avoid generating invalid binary for
+	  NativeClient.
+	  r15 on x86_64 is reserved by NativeClient.  So r15 to cfp used to
+	  generate invalid binary under some combinations of compiler
+	  optimization flags.
+
+Fri Jan 10 18:01:41 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_super_method): allow bound method from a
+	  module, yet another method transplanting.
+
+Fri Jan 10 13:34:04 2014  Aman Gupta <ruby@tmm1.net>
+
+	* insns.def (opt_aref_with): new instruction to optimize Hash#[],
+	  removing any allocation overhead when used with a string literal
+	  key. Patch by normalperson (Eric Wong). [ruby-core:59640] [Bug #9382]
+	* insns.def (opt_aset_with): new instruction to optimize Hash#[]=
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): compiler shortcuts for new
+	  instructions
+	* hash.c (static VALUE rb_hash_compare_by_id_p): fix documentation for
+	  Hash#compare_by_identity to reflect frozen string sharing
+	* test/ruby/test_hash.rb (class TestHash): test for new behavior
+
+Fri Jan 10 06:23:21 2014  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* range.c (Range#size): [DOC] improve description and add examples.
+	  Patch by @skade. [Fixes GH-501]
+
+Fri Jan 10 00:47:52 2014  Josef Stribny  <strzibny@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/tk/extconf.rb: fix to pass arrays instead of strings to
+	  libpathflag.  patch at [ruby-core:59665].  [Bug #9386]
+
+Thu Jan  9 20:49:22 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: -mstackrealign is necessary for -msse2 working.
+	  [ruby-core:54716] [Bug #8349]
+
+	* configure.in: use SSE2 instructions to drop unexpected precisions on
+	  other than mingw.  [ruby-core:59472] [Bug #8358]
+
+Thu Jan  9 20:31:10 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_objid_hash): should return `long'.  brushup r44534.
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_hash): follow above change.
+
+Thu Jan  9 19:12:37 2014  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_pop_cfunc_frame): added.  It cares c_return event.
+	  The patch base by drkaes (Stefan Kaes).
+	  [Bug #9321]
+
+	* variable.c (rb_mod_const_missing): use rb_vm_pop_cfunc_frame()
+	  instead of rb_frame_pop().
+
+	* vm_eval.c (raise_method_missing): ditto.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_iterate): ditto.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_vm_pop_cfunc_frame): add decl.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add tests.
+	  provided by drkaes (Stefan Kaes).
+
+	* vm.c, eval.c, include/ruby/intern.h (rb_frame_pop):
+	  move definition of rb_frame_pop() and deprecate it.
+	  It doesn't care about `return' events.
+
+Thu Jan  9 17:40:28 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_any_hash): should treat the return value of rb_objid_hash()
+	  as `long', because ruby assumes the hash value of the object id of
+	  an object is `long'.
+	  this fixes test failures on mswin64 introduced at r44525.
+
+Thu Jan  9 09:55:20 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: dumping strings with
+	  quotes should not have changed.  [ruby-core:59316] [Bug #9300]
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: fixed missing require.
+
+	* test/psych/test_string.rb: test
+
+Thu Jan  9 09:51:00 2014  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: anonymous structs
+	  should be able to roundtrip.  Thanks @splattael!
+
+	* test/psych/test_object_references.rb: test for change
+
+Wed Jan  8 22:53:16 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_super_method): when super called in a
+	  bound UnboundMethod generated from a module, no superclass is
+	  found since the current defined class is the module, then call
+	  method_missing in that case.  [ruby-core:59619] [Bug #9377]
+
+Wed Jan  8 15:55:21 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_objid_hash): return hash value from object ID with a
+	  salt, extract from rb_any_hash().
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_hash): return same value as rb_any_hash().
+	  fix r44125.  [ruby-core:59638] [Bug #9381]
+
+Wed Jan  8 13:12:41 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout::ExitException.catch): pass arguments
+	  for new instance.
+
+	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout::ExitException#exception): fallback to
+	  Timeout::Error if couldn't throw.  [ruby-dev:47872] [Bug #9380]
+
+	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout#timeout): initialize ExitException with
+	  message for the fallback case.
+
+Tue Jan  7 12:43:06 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout#timeout): should not rescue ordinarily
+	  raised ExitException, which should not be thrown.
+
+	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout::ExitException.catch): set @thread only if
+	  it ought to be caught.
+
+	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout#timeout): when a custom exception is given,
+	  no instance is needed to be caught, so defer creating new instance
+	  until it is raised.  [ruby-core:59511] [Bug #9354]
+
+Tue Jan  7 10:16:02 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems master 21e409d / RubyGems 2.2.1.
+
+	  See http://rubygems.rubyforge.org/rubygems-update/History_txt.html
+	  for a list of bug fixes.
+
+	* test/rubygems:  ditto.
+
+Tue Jan  7 10:10:46 2014  Eric Wong <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/json/generator/depend: add build dependencies for json extension
+	  [Bug #9374] [ruby-core:59609]
+	* ext/json/parser/depend: ditto
+
+Tue Jan  7 04:35:46 2014  Aman Gupta <ruby@tmm1.net>
+
+	* array.c (ary_add_hash): Fix consistency issue between Array#uniq and
+	  Array#uniq! [Bug #9340] [ruby-core:59457]
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb (class TestArray): regression test for above.
+
+Mon Jan  6 21:28:48 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* .gitignore: ignore *-fake.rb generated even when CROSS_COMPILING = no
+	  since r42862.
+
+Sun Jan  5 20:14:14 2014  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* compar.c (cmp_equal): remove error hiding in Comparable#==.
+	  Comparable#== no longer rescues exceptions silently.
+	  This was the cause of quite a couple bugs. See #7688. [EXPERIMENTAL]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_comparable.rb: adapt assertion to match new behavior.
+
+	* lib/rdoc/method_attr.rb: fix bugs discovered by this change.
+
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_normal_class.rb: fix bugs in tests.
+
+Sat Jan  4 22:44:00 2014  Charlie Somerville  <charliesome@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* struct.c (rb_struct_set): return assigned value from setter method
+	  rather than struct object. [Bug #9353] [ruby-core:59509]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_struct.rb (test_setter_method_returns_value): add test
+
+Sat Jan  4 21:44:31 2014  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb (TestGc#test_latest_gc_info): use
+	  GC.stat(:key) instead of GC.stat.
+
+Sat Jan  4 19:15:29 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_syserr_fail_host_port): use format flags,
+	  '+' to inspect, ' ' to quote unprintables.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_syserr_fail_path): ditto.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_syserr_fail_raddrinfo): ditto.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_syserr_fail_host_port): add errno
+	  argument version and use rb_syserr_fail_str() instead of
+	  rb_sys_fail_str() with restoring errno.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_syserr_fail_path): ditto, and
+	  rb_syserr_fail().
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_sys_fail_sockaddr): ditto, use
+	  rsock_syserr_fail_raddrinfo().
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_sys_fail_raddrinfo): ditto.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (setup_domain_and_type): ditto.
+
+Sat Jan  4 17:18:58 2014  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* vm.c (RubyVM::OPTS): get rid of a garbage character.
+
+Sat Jan  4 10:17:54 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rinda/ring.rb (Rinda::RingFinger#make_socket):  Use
+	  ipv4_multicast_ttl option for portability.
+
+Sat Jan  4 10:15:47 2014  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rinda/ring.rb (Rinda::RingFinger#make_socket):  Use
+	  ipv4_multicast_loop option for portability.  Patch by Jeremy Evans.
+	  [ruby-trunk - Bug #9351]
+
+Fri Jan  3 19:09:00 2014  Eric Wong  <normalperson@yhbt.net>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_sys_fail_host_port): save and restore errno
+	  before calling rb_sys_fail_str to prevent [BUG] errno == 0.
+	  Patch by Eric Wong. [ruby-core:59498] [Bug #9352]
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_sys_fail_path): ditto
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_sys_fail_sockaddr): ditto
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_sys_fail_raddrinfo): ditto
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_sys_fail_raddrinfo_or_sockaddr): ditto
+
+Fri Jan  3 10:43:57 2014  Aman Gupta <ruby@tmm1.net>
+
+	* test/net/imap/cacert.pem: generate new CA cert, since the last one
+	  expired. [Bug #9341] [ruby-core:59459]
+	* test/net/imap/server.crt: new server cert signed with updated CA.
+	* test/net/imap/Makefile: add `make regen_certs` to automate this
+	  process.
+
+Fri Jan  3 00:09:54 2014  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal: update class method call style from :: to .
+	  in documentation and usage.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/math.rb: [DOC] fix examples values.
+	  Computations were made using ruby 2.0.0p247 to ensure
+	  no effect of the recent BigDecimal bug.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/sample/nlsolve.rb: fix indent.
+
+Thu Jan  2 16:07:21 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (io_fwrite): freeze converted str.
+
+Thu Jan  2 04:15:13 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_longjmp): remove an extra modifier from the forward
+	  declaration to match the actual definition.  [ruby-core:59451]
+	  [Bug #9338]
+
+Thu Jan  2 01:23:30 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (method_missing): use ALLOCV_N() instead of
+	  ALLOCA_N() and rb_ary_tmp_new().
+
+Thu Jan  2 00:53:16 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_zip): use ALLOCV_N() instead of ALLOCA_N().
+
+Thu Jan  2 00:04:29 2014  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_keys): make rb_hash_keys() static.
+	  it is no longer used from array.c since r43969.
+	  the patch is from normalperson (Eric Wong).
+	  [ruby-core:59449] [Feature #9336]
+
+	* internal.h: remove definition of rb_hash_keys().
+
+Wed Jan  1 18:19:35 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: reset LDFLAGS and DLDFLAGS for opt-dir again after
+	  LIBPATHFLAG and RPATHFLAG are set.  [ruby-dev:47868] [Bug #9317]
+
+Wed Jan  1 11:12:29 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: use SSE2 instructions for drop unexpected
+	  precisions.  [ruby-core:54738] [Bug #8358]
+
+Tue Dec 31 23:49:07 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_f_raise): add cause: optional keyword argument.
+	  [ruby-core:58610] [Feature #8257] [EXPERIMENTAL]
+
+Tue Dec 31 21:44:17 2013  Akio Tajima <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub: remove HAVE_FSEEKO because fseeko removed from win32/win32.c
+	  Fixed [Bug #9333].
+
+Tue Dec 31 21:02:27 2013  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (io_fwrite): allocate frozen str only when str is not converted.
+
+Tue Dec 31 15:44:48 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (RbConfig): expand RUBY_SO_NAME for extensions
+	  backward compatibility.  [ruby-core:59426] [Bug #9329]
+
+Mon Dec 30 23:33:07 2013  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
+
+	* variable.c: [DOC] adding extra example in docs.
+	  patched by Steve Klabnik. [Bug #9210]
+
+Mon Dec 30 18:34:18 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* encoding.c (must_encindex, rb_enc_from_index, rb_obj_encoding): mask
+	  encoding index and ignore dummy flags.  [ruby-core:59354] [Bug #9314]
+
+Mon Dec 30 16:11:52 2013  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/make-snapshot: needs CXXFLAGS.  [ruby-core:59393][Bug #9320]
+
+Sun Dec 29 18:36:54 2013  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (configuration): Make CXXFLAGS customizable.
+	  Patch by Kohei Suzuki (eagletmt). [Fixes GH-492]
+
+Sun Dec 29 12:11:11 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (mnew_from_me): keep iclass as-is, to make inheritance
+	  chain consistent.  [ruby-core:59358] [Bug #9315]
+
+	* proc.c (method_owner): return the original defined_class from
+	  prepended iclass, instead.
+
+Sun Dec 29 08:47:24 2013  Lucas Allan Amorim  <lucas.allan@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_sprintf.rb (test_hash): Added tests for sprintf
+	  with a hash as parameter.  [Fixes GH-491]
+
+Sun Dec 29 07:27:51 2013  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* compar.c (cmp_eq_recursive): Fix the return value, the value for
+	  failed #<=> should be nil. It was raising a NoMethodError for
+	  the test case TestComparable#test_no_cmp (undefined method `>'
+	  for false:FalseClass). Yet one more reason for #7688.
+
+Sat Dec 28 22:21:59 2013  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* object.c (Kernel#<=>) surround Comparable operators with <code> tags.
+	  The #== method was hidden in ri/rdoc's output and was highlighting
+	  the line instead.
+
+Sat Dec 28 17:24:00 2013  DV Suresh  <e@dvsuresh.me>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_so_meteor_contest.rb: [DOC] Fix a few typos
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/import.rb: ditto
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: ditto
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/nodes/sequence.rb: ditto
+	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: ditto
+	* ext/tk/lib/tcltk.rb: ditto
+
+Sat Dec 28 00:42:37 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (local_push_gen, local_pop_gen): save cmdarg_stack to
+	  isolate command argument state from outer scope.
+	  [ruby-core:59342] [Bug #9308]
+
+Fri Dec 27 13:25:03 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/{setup.mak,Makefile.sub}: update fake.rb like
+	  template/fake.rb.in.
+
+Thu Dec 26 16:10:41 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (fake.rb): should depend on version.h because
+	  if RUBY_VERSION is updated, fake.rb need to say the new version
+	  to avoid install error in rbconfig.rb.
+
+Thu Dec 26 14:25:03 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (HASH_REJECT_COPY_EXTRA_STATES): turn off the old
+	  behavior, copying extra states by accident.
+
+Thu Dec 26 10:49:14 2013  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* version.h (RUBY_VERSION): 2.2.0 development has started.
+
+Thu Dec 26 10:27:53 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/merger.rb (tag): support 2.1.1 semi-automatic tagging and 2.2.0
+	  explicit tagging.
+
+Thu Dec 26 06:35:25 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* proc.c: Having any mandatory keyword argument increases min arity
+	  [#9299]
+
+Thu Dec 26 06:27:08 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* proc.c: Having optional keyword arguments makes maximum arity +1,
+	  not unlimited [#8072]
+
+Thu Dec 26 01:09:57 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/release.sh: make symbolic links.
+
+Thu Dec 26 00:45:33 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/make-snapshot: support new version scheme.
+
+Wed Dec 25 22:44:14 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_set_arguments): set arg_keyword_check from
+	  nd_cflag, which is set by parser.  internal ID is used for
+	  unnamed keyword rest argument, which should be separated from no
+	  keyword check.
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_parameters): if no keyword check, keyword rest is
+	  present.
+
+	* parse.y (new_args_tail_gen): set keywords check to nd_cflag, which
+	  equals to that keyword rest is not present.
+
+Wed Dec 25 22:32:19 2013  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/abbrev.rb: [DOC] rdoc format patch by Giorgos Tsiftsis [Bug #9146]
+
+Wed Dec 25 20:30:10 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_parameters): push argument type symbol only for
+	  unnamed rest keywords argument.
+
+Wed Dec 25 20:28:48 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_iseq_min_max_arity): maximum argument is unlimited if
+	  having rest keywords argument.  [ruby-core:53298] [Bug #8072]
+
+Wed Dec 25 18:29:22 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (argument_error): insert dummy frame to make
+	  a backtrace object intead of modify backtrace string array.
+	  [Bug #9295]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_backtrace.rb: add a test for this patch.
+	  fix test to compare a result of Exception#backtrace with
+	  a result of Exception#backtrace_locations.
+
+Wed Dec 25 13:00:54 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: let mingw do something black-magic, and check if
+	  _gmtime64_s() is available actually.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (gmtime_s, localtime_s): use _gmtime64_s() and
+	  _localtime64_s() if available, not depending on very confusing
+	  mingw variants macros.  based on the patch by phasis68 (Heesob
+	  Park) at [ruby-core:58764].  [ruby-core:58391] [Bug #9119]
+
+Wed Dec 25 12:33:41 2013  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* sample/trick2013/: added the award-winning entries of TRICK 2013.
+	  See https://github.com/tric/trick2013 for the contest outline.
+	  (Matz has approved the attachment.)
+
+Wed Dec 25 10:42:02 2013  Yamashita Yuu  <yamashita@geishatokyo.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (Init_ossl_ssl): Declare a constant
+	  `OP_MSIE_SSLV2_RSA_PADDING` only if the macro is defined.  The
+	  `SSL_OP_MSIE_SSLV2_RSA_PADDING` has been removed from latest
+	  snapshot of OpenSSL 1.0.1.  [Fixes GH-488]
+
+Wed Dec 25 01:03:00 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (bind_local_variables): allowing binding to list its
+	  local variables.  patch by Jack Danger Canty <jackdanger AT
+	  squareup.com> at [ruby-core:56543].  [Feature #8773]
+
+Tue Dec 24 23:20:38 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/fileutils/fileasserts.rb (assert_ownership_user): new
+	  assertion for user ownership.
+
+	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb (test_chown_error),
+	  (test_chown_without_permission, test_chown_with_root):
+	  based on the patch by vajrasky (Vajrasky Kok) at
+	  [ruby-core:59298].  [Feature #9292]
+
+Tue Dec 24 16:28:05 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_mod_define_method): consider visibility only if self
+	  in the caller is same as the receiver, otherwise make public as
+	  well as old behavior.  [ruby-core:57747] [Bug #9005]
+	  [ruby-core:58497] [Bug #9141]
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_cref_in_context): return ruby level cref if self is
+	  same.
+
+Tue Dec 24 14:13:14 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* README.EXT: add a refer to URL.
+
+Tue Dec 24 13:48:45 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* README.EXT: add a document about RGenGC.
+	  Reviewed by havenwood.
+	  [misc #8962]
+
+	* README.EXT.ja: ditto.
+
+Tue Dec 24 12:11:43 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RARRAY_ASET): try to avoid compiler warning.
+	  [Bug #9287]
+
+Tue Dec 24 05:04:56 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb (setup): should not call
+	  Process.groups for Windows.  get rid of many errors introduced by
+	  r44364.
+
+Mon Dec 23 18:37:16 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/fileutils/fileasserts.rb (assert_ownership_group): new
+	  assertion for group ownership.
+
+	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb (test_chown{,_verbose,_noop}):
+	  based on the patch by vajrasky (Vajrasky Kok) at
+	  [ruby-core:59281].  [Feature #9286]
+
+Mon Dec 23 15:53:45 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (HAS_EXTRA_STATES): warn extra states only when something
+	  differ.  [ruby-core:59254] [Bug #9275]
+
+Mon Dec 23 12:42:13 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* array.c: Have to_h raise on elements that are not key-value pairs
+	  [#9239]
+
+	* enum.c: ditto
+
+Mon Dec 23 05:01:55 2013  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc: [DOC] Added example for underscore
+	  conventions in method names. Also added doc to clarify encoding
+	  character set support for Ruby programs and elaborated on defining
+	  predicate and bang methods. Based on a patch by @gaurish
+	  [Fixes GH-477] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/477
+
+Mon Dec 23 03:18:09 2013  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* doc/ChangeLog-1.9.3: [DOC] Fix typos by @dvsuresh
+	  [Fixes GH-485] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/485
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_config.c: ditto
+	* lib/rss/utils.rb, lib/time.rb: ditto
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb: ditto
+
+Sun Dec 22 23:56:56 2013  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* lib/{rake,rdoc,rss}/*, test/rexml/test_listener.rb: [DOC] Fix typos
+	  by @dvsuresh [Fixes GH-486] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/486
+
+Sun Dec 22 11:08:47 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_ext_builder.rb:  Fix warning due to ambiguous
+	  expression.
+
+Sun Dec 22 11:05:53 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/install_command.rb:  Restore gem install
+	  --ignore-dependencies for remote gems
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_install_command.rb:  Test for the
+	  above.
+
+Sun Dec 22 10:23:40 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc.rb:  Set RDoc to release version.
+
+Sun Dec 22 10:19:07 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb:  Set RubyGems to release version.
+
+Sun Dec 22 10:16:08 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb (module Gem):  Fix comment for
+	  Gem::load_path_insert_index.
+
+Sun Dec 22 04:07:55 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (ruby_gc_set_params): don't show obsolete warnings for
+	  RUBY_FREE_MIN/RUBY_HEAP_MIN_SLOTS if
+	  RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS/RUBY_GC_HEAP_INIT_SLOTS are given.
+	  [Bug #9276]
+
+Sat Dec 21 13:00:20 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c: remove unnecessary the source path from EEXIST error
+	  messages and show the destination path only.  [ruby-core:59202]
+	  [Feature #9263]
+
+Sat Dec 21 12:37:19 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::Hosts#lazy_initialize): should not
+	  consider encodings in hosts file.  [ruby-core:59239] [Bug #9273]
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::Config.parse_resolv_conf): ditto.
+
+Sat Dec 21 05:43:27 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/make-snapshot: replace RUBY_PATCHLEVEL_STR in version.h to
+	  show users that this ruby is a preview/rc version.
+
+Sat Dec 21 05:03:49 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (fake.rb): fixed wrong RUBY_PLATFORM, to correctly
+	  install win32.h.
+	  [ruby-core:58801][Bug #9199] reported by arton.
+
+For the changes before 2.1.0, see doc/ChangeLog-2.1.0
+For the changes before 2.0.0, see doc/ChangeLog-2.0.0
+For the changes before 1.9.3, see doc/ChangeLog-1.9.3
+For the changes before 1.8.0, see doc/ChangeLog-1.8.0
+
+Local variables:
+coding: us-ascii
+add-log-time-format: (lambda ()
+  (let* ((time (current-time))
+	 (system-time-locale "C")
+	 (diff (+ (cadr time) 32400))
+	 (lo (% diff 65536))
+	 (hi (+ (car time) (/ diff 65536))))
+  (format-time-string "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y" (list hi lo) t)))
+indent-tabs-mode: t
+tab-width: 8
+change-log-indent-text: 2
+end:
+vim: tabstop=8 shiftwidth=2
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog-2.3.0 b/doc/ChangeLog-2.3.0
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7f3c4e672a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog-2.3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12187 @@
+Thu Dec 24 23:01:57 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: added entry for CGI.escapeHTML optimization.
+
+Thu Dec 24 18:43:19 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (rb_compile_error_with_enc, rb_compile_error),
+	  (rb_compile_bug): deprecate internal functions.
+
+	* parse.y (parser_yyerror): construct exception message with
+	  source code and caret.
+
+Thu Dec 24 17:25:42 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (append_compile_error), parse.y (compile_error):
+	  preserve encoding of source file name in exceptions.
+
+	* error.c (rb_compile_error_str, rb_compile_bug_str): add.
+
+Thu Dec 24 16:17:47 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (fake.rb): $(arch)-fake.rb must depend on miniruby because
+	  it may depend on miniruby.
+
+Thu Dec 24 16:13:05 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (ripper.c): r50045 wrongly replace $(PWD) with ../..
+	  It is the top of build directory, not topsrcdir.
+
+Thu Dec 24 15:02:42 2015  sorah (Shota Fukumori)  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* tool/vcs.rb (IO.popen): Refactor. Avoid assigning in condition.
+
+Thu Dec 24 15:01:38 2015  sorah (Shota Fukumori)  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* tool/file2lastrev.rb: Fix ArgumentError to work on Ruby 1.8.7.
+
+Thu Dec 24 14:44:08 2015  sorah (Shota Fukumori)  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* tool/vcs.rb (IO.popen): Enable on Ruby 1.9 where chdir option is not
+	  supported on IO.popen
+
+	* tool/vcs.rb (IO.popen): Fix NoMethodError. I guess r49705 was not
+	  tested... :/
+
+Thu Dec 24 14:57:03 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* NEWS: rename
+	  "Implementation changes" section to
+	  "Supported platform changes" section.
+
+	* NEWS: add "Implementation improvements" and add several entries.
+
+	* NEWS: add NEWS entries by Eric Wong. [ruby-core:72450]
+
+Thu Dec 24 00:26:05 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/extconf.rb: fix gem build failure on Windows.
+	  only win32_vk.inc is included in the gem and no dependencies for
+	  the header, so that gperf will not be mandatory.
+	  [ruby-core:72453] [Bug #11866]
+
+	* ext/io/console/io-console.gemspec: include depend file and
+	  win32_vk header.
+
+Wed Dec 23 23:58:44 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_readwrite_syserr_fail): works with the given errno than
+	  thread local errno.
+
+Wed Dec 23 17:57:45 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c, io.c, util.c: prefer rb_syserr_fail with saved errno
+	  over setting errno then call rb_sys_fail, not to be clobbered
+	  potentially and to reduce thread local errno accesses.
+
+Wed Dec 23 11:58:52 2015  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c: Fix document. Default value of the first
+	  argument of `String#split` is not `$;` but `nil`.
+	  When `nil` is passed as first argument, `$;` is used.
+	  [ci skip] [Bug #11729] [ruby-dev:49378]
+
+Wed Dec 23 07:15:17 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_init_sock): reject reserved FDs
+	  [ruby-core:72445] [Bug #11862]
+
+Wed Dec 23 02:59:26 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (__STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__): necessary to use memset_s
+	  in strict C99 mode.
+
+Wed Dec 23 02:34:36 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regexec.c (match_at): move direct threaded VM code to get rid of
+	  mixed declarations and code, and enable it only for gcc since it
+	  depends on a gcc extension.
+
+Wed Dec 23 02:23:19 2015  Yuki Nishijima  <mail@yukinishijima.net>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: Upgrade the did_you_mean gem to 1.0.0
+
+	* NEWS: Add news about the did_you_mean gem
+
+Wed Dec 23 02:18:57 2015  Jake Worth  <jakeworth82@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/contributing.rdoc: [DOC] remove an extra word "here".
+	  [Fix GH-1169]
+
+Wed Dec 23 01:58:20 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regexec.c (USE_DIRECT_THREADED_VM): enable direct threaded VM by
+	  the default.
+
+Tue Dec 22 22:15:53 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (internal_object_p): should not expose singleton classes
+	  without a metaclass.  based on patches by ko1 and shugo.
+	  [Bug #11740]
+
+	* class.c (rb_singleton_class_object_p): added.
+
+Tue Dec 22 22:15:08 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/io-console.gemspec: bump up to 0.4.4.
+
+Tue Dec 22 22:11:06 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: Added news entry of Psych 2.0.17
+
+Tue Dec 22 22:09:01 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: Added news entry of RDoc 4.2.1
+
+Tue Dec 22 21:20:00 2015  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.gemspec: bump version to 1.2.8.
+
+Tue Dec 22 21:08:05 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rdoc.rb: bump version to 4.2.1. It contains following fixes.
+	  https://github.com/rdoc/rdoc/pull/340
+	  https://github.com/rdoc/rdoc/pull/341
+	  https://github.com/rdoc/rdoc/pull/367
+	  https://github.com/rdoc/rdoc/pull/368
+	* lib/rdoc/*: ditto.
+	* test/rdoc/*: ditto.
+
+Tue Dec 22 20:25:33 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: bump version to 2.0.17
+	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: ditto.
+
+Tue Dec 22 20:14:47 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: move vm_callee_setup_block_arg() (and related
+	  functions) to the latter location.
+	  This moving recovers performance a little.
+	  [Bug #11829]
+
+Tue Dec 22 15:21:11 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (str_compat_and_valid): as scrub does nothing for dummy
+	  encoding string now, incompatible encoding is not a matter.
+
+Tue Dec 22 14:31:28 2015  Toru Iwase  <tietew@tietew.net>
+
+	* ext/cgi/escape/escape.c (optimized_escape_html): CGI.escapeHTML
+	  should return unfrozen new string.
+	  [ruby-core:72426] [Bug #11858]
+
+Tue Dec 22 05:39:58 2015  Takashi Kokubun  <takashikkbn@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/cgi/escape/escape.c (preserve_original_state): Preserve
+	  original state for tainted and frozen.  [Fix GH-1166]
+	  [ruby-dev:49451] [Bug #11855]
+
+Tue Dec 22 03:57:20 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_init_sock): check FD after validating
+	* test/socket/test_basicsocket.rb (test_for_fd): new
+	  [ruby-core:72418] [Bug #11854]
+
+Mon Dec 21 21:29:45 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* variable.c (struct ivar_update): rename "extended" to "iv_extended"
+	  to avoid name conflict with /usr/include/floatingpoint.h on
+	  Solaris. [Bug #11853] [ruby-dev:49448]
+
+Mon Dec 21 12:15:32 2015  Kimura Wataru  <kimuraw@i.nifty.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: handled rlimit value same as r52277
+	  [Bug #11852][ruby-dev:49446]
+
+Mon Dec 21 10:21:22 2015  Ilya Vassilevsky <vassilevsky@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (open_timeout): update default value in RDoc
+	  [ruby-core:72413]
+
+Mon Dec 21 10:18:46 2015  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c (rb_profile_frames): ignore ifunc frames as it
+	  did before.  [ruby-core:72409] [Bug #11851]
+
+Mon Dec 21 09:33:17 2015  Karol Bucek  <kares@users.noreply.github.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket): fix
+	  NotImplementedError typo.  [Fix GH-1165]
+
+Sun Dec 20 20:54:51 2015  Takashi Kokubun  <takashikkbn@gmail.com>
+
+	* cgi/escape/escape.c: Optimize CGI.escapeHTML for
+	  ASCII-compatible encodings.  [Fix GH-1164]
+
+Sun Dec 20 15:36:46 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/erb.rb: revert r53123. It breaks compatibility like thor and
+	  rspec-rails.
+	  We should try with Ruby 2.4 or 3.0.
+	  [Bug #11842][ruby-core:72374]
+	* lib/rdoc/erb_partial.rb: ditto.
+	* template/verconf.h.tmpl: ditto.
+
+Sun Dec 20 11:43:31 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_yylex): allow here documents in labeled
+	  argument.  [ruby-core:72396] [Bug #11849]
+
+Sun Dec 20 11:14:11 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_mod_define_method): should check Symbol or not.
+	  [Bug #11850]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_method.rb: add a test.
+
+Sun Dec 20 11:01:57 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_mod_define_method): fix notation.
+
+Sun Dec 20 10:54:15 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* proc.c (proc_new): fix notation.
+
+Sun Dec 20 00:29:00 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_proc_get_iseq): proc made from symbol does not have
+	  iseq.  fix infinite loop.  [ruby-core:72381] [Bug #11845]
+
+Sat Dec 19 20:06:10 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* enc/windows_1250.c: Should not use C++ style comments (C99 feature).
+	  [Bug #11843]
+
+Sat Dec 19 17:17:04 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/utils.rb (WEBrick::Utils::TimeoutHandler#initialize):
+	  use WEBrick::Utils::TimeoutHandler::Thread, which is ignored by
+	  LeakChecker#find_threads, instead of ::Thread to get rid of
+	  thread leak checker.  since this TimeoutHandler is resident
+	  during tests because of Singleton, it waits for the next timeout
+	  if it has any schedules.  in the case of nested timeouts, inner
+	  timeout does not cancel outer timeouts and then those schedules
+	  still remain.
+
+Sat Dec 19 14:28:01 2015  Jake Worth  <jakeworth82@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (Init_zlib): [DOC] Fix double-word typo and
+	  grammatical error.  [Fix GH-1162]
+
+Sat Dec 19 14:23:59 2015  Jake Worth  <jakeworth82@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb (CSV#initialize): [DOC] Fix double-word typo.
+	  [Fix GH-1161]
+
+Sat Dec 19 10:33:33 2015  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_2.c, enc/windows_1250.c: separate Windows-1250
+	  from ISO-8859-2 to fix 0x80..0x9e range (from Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Fri Dec 18 21:26:54 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/webrick/utils.rb (WEBrick::Utils::TimeoutHandler): To prevent
+	  potential deadlocks, Queue is used to tell update of @timeout_info
+	  instead of sleep and wakeup. [Bug #11742] [ruby-dev:49387]
+
+Fri Dec 18 17:24:09 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (ibf_load_object_string): use fstring if frozen string.
+
+Fri Dec 18 16:54:38 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_set_encoding): add StringIO's own
+	  encoding and separate it from the buffer string to override the
+	  encoding of string when reading.  [ruby-core:72189] [Bug #11827]
+	  note that setting the encoding of its buffer string directly
+	  without StringIO#set_encoding may cause unpredictable behavior.
+
+Fri Dec 18 16:50:35 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (ibf_load_setup): check tainted string argument.
+
+Fri Dec 18 16:12:13 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: define USE_LAZY_LOAD if it is not defined.
+
+Fri Dec 18 15:40:06 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_unget_bytes): extract from
+	  strio_ungetbyte to share with strio_ungetc.
+
+Fri Dec 18 12:39:42 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/syntax/*.rdoc: separated modifier at sentence.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1121] Patch by @clandry94
+
+Fri Dec 18 12:09:21 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_ungetbyte): pad with \000 when
+	  the current position is after the end.
+
+Fri Dec 18 11:24:48 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_make, check_override_opt_method):
+	  should check whether a newly created method overrides an optimize
+	  method in case the method is defined in a prepended module of a
+	  built-in class.
+	  [ruby-core:72226] [Bug #11836]
+
+Fri Dec 18 11:09:38 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm.c (vm_exec): call RUBY_DTRACE_CMETHOD_RETURN_HOOK instead of
+	  RUBY_DTRACE_METHOD_RETURN_HOOK.
+
+Fri Dec 18 10:24:44 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/irb/ruby-lex.rb: fixed parse error for striped heredocument syntax.
+	  [fix GH-1127] Patch by @koic
+
+Fri Dec 18 09:44:47 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/pty/pty.c: fix double words typo.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1157] Patch by @jwworth
+
+Fri Dec 18 09:42:45 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/utf8tbl.c: fix a typo.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1159] Patch by @akshay-vishnoi
+	* ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/utf8tbl.h: ditto.
+
+Fri Dec 18 07:39:01 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_check_redefinition_opt_method): should check the real
+	  class instead of the origin iclass.
+	  [ruby-core:72188] [Bug #11826]
+
+Thu Dec 17 22:13:10 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_args.c (vm_caller_setup_arg_block): remove code for ifunc
+	  because it was made unnecessary by r52138.
+
+Thu Dec 17 16:13:10 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_block_arity): should not call GetProcPtr() for symbols.
+	  [ruby-core:72205] [Bug #11830]
+
+Thu Dec 17 14:16:29 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_scrub): the result should be infected by the
+	  original string.
+
+Thu Dec 17 13:35:27 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* transcode.c (rb_econv_substr_append, econv_primitive_convert):
+	  the result should be infected by the original string.
+
+Thu Dec 17 09:46:08 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (reg_names_iter): should consider encoding of regexp.
+	  [ruby-core:72185] [Bug #11825]
+
+Thu Dec 17 03:52:10 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (vm_make_env_each): should not compare with Qfalse and FALSE.
+	  Pointed at http://d.hatena.ne.jp/nagachika/20151216/ruby_trunk_changes_53128_53163
+
+Thu Dec 17 03:15:25 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method_each_type): should not set fastpath
+	  with keyword arguments for VM_METHOD_TYPE_ATTRSET type methods.
+
+	  Normally, we can not use keyword arguments for this kind of methods,
+	  (obj.foo = 1), but we can set alias names for them.
+	  [Bug #11657]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_keyword.rb: add a test for this fix.
+
+Wed Dec 16 20:32:43 2015  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/handle.c: check tainted string arguments.
+	  Patch provided by tenderlove and nobu.
+
+	* test/fiddle/test_handle.rb (class TestHandle): add test for above.
+
+
+Wed Dec 16 19:30:56 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (vm_make_proc_from_block): should convert a Symbol to a Proc.
+	  [ruby-core:72083] [Bug #11811]
+
+Wed Dec 16 16:17:34 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: fix spelling errors
+
+Wed Dec 16 16:04:49 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* NEWS: note IO#advise change [ruby-core:72168]
+
+Wed Dec 16 15:35:13 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c: fix mark miss for proc given as passed block.
+	  [Bug #11750]
+
+	* vm.c (vm_make_proc_from_block): should return a Proc object
+	  if block is given. Previous implementation returns
+	  a Proc object only when corresponding Proc object is not
+	  available.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_make_env_each): ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_proc.rb: add a test for this bug.
+
+Wed Dec 16 12:24:59 2015  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* test_struct.rb: Test that initialize is overridable [#11708]
+
+Wed Dec 16 10:49:51 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (block_command, block_call): fix `&.` calls after
+	  block_call.  [Feature #11537]
+
+Wed Dec 16 00:53:45 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/webrick/utils.rb (WEBrick::Utils::TimeoutHandler): Acquire
+	  TimeoutMutex only when accessing @timeout_info for avoiding
+	  potential deadlock. [Bug #11742] [ruby-dev:49387]
+
+Wed Dec 16 00:39:27 2015  Jake Worth  <jakeworth82@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/extension.rdoc: [DOC] fix double-word typo.  [Fix GH-1153]
+
+Wed Dec 16 00:25:41 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/webrick/utils.rb (WEBrick::Utils::TimeoutHandler#initialize):
+	  TimeoutMutex should be acquired when accessing @timeout_info.
+	  To avoid deadlock, interrupt() calls are delayed.
+	  Due to the mutex, it is safe to treat ary without ary.dup.
+	  [Bug #11742] [ruby-dev:49387]
+
+Tue Dec 15 23:13:10 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c: Delete excess semicolon after RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION().
+	  Suppress "syntax error:  empty declaration" warnings by
+	  Oracle Solaris Studio 12.x on Solaris. [Bug #11821]
+
+	* hash.c: ditto, after NOINSERT_UPDATE_CALLBACK().
+
+Tue Dec 15 18:04:04 2015  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* NEWS: added news about EBCDIC encoding
+
+Tue Dec 15 17:57:57 2015  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/ebcdic.h, enc/trans/ebcdic.trans,
+	  test/ruby/test_transcode.rb: Fixed encoding name
+	  to the correct one in the IANA registry (IBM037)
+	  and added an alias (ebcdic-cp-us)
+
+Tue Dec 15 16:19:26 2015  Takashi Kokubun  <takashikkbn@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/erb.rb: Render erb with array buffer for function call optimization.
+	  [fix GH-1143]
+	* lib/rdoc/erb_partial.rb: ditto.
+	* template/verconf.h.tmpl: ditto.
+
+Tue Dec 15 13:50:05 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_oct): [DOC] mention radix indicators.
+	  [ruby-core:71310] [Bug #11648]
+
+Tue Dec 15 12:20:30 2015  Takashi Kokubun  <takashikkbn@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/erb.rb: Simplify regexp to optimize erb scanner.
+	  [fix GH-1144]
+
+Tue Dec 15 11:56:24 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb: make code block for rdoc.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1152] Patch by @Tonkpils
+
+Tue Dec 15 11:55:08 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c: fix a typo.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1149] Patch by @crismali
+
+Tue Dec 15 09:14:14 2015  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* tool/transcode_tablegen.rb: detailed documentation
+	  for transcode_tblgen function [ci skip]
+
+Mon Dec 14 22:11:11 2015  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/ebcdic.h: new dummy encoding EBCDIC-US
+	* enc/trans/ebcdic.trans: transcodings between EBCDIC-US
+	  and iso-8859-1 [with code from Andrea Ribuoli]
+	* test/ruby/test_transcode.rb: tests for above
+	* tool/transcode_tablegen.rb: additional argument for
+	  method transcode_tblgen
+
+Mon Dec 14 17:04:14 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb: use safe navigation operator.
+	  [fix GH-1142] Patch by @mlarraz
+	* lib/drb/extservm.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/net/http.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/net/http/response.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/scanf.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb: ditto.
+
+Mon Dec 14 17:03:05 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* bootstraptest/runner.rb: use safe navigation operator.
+	  [fix GH-1142] Patch by @mlarraz
+	* test/openssl/test_pair.rb: ditto.
+	* test/ruby/test_econv.rb: ditto.
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: ditto.
+	* test/thread/test_queue.rb: ditto.
+
+Mon Dec 14 14:33:35 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/xmlrpc.rb: added documentation for parser details.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1124] Patch by @jrafanie
+
+Mon Dec 14 11:46:52 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enum.c: fix a typo in documentation.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1140] Patch by @jutaz
+	* io.c: ditto.
+	* iseq.c: ditto.
+	* numeric.c: ditto.
+	* process.c: ditto.
+	* string.c: ditto.
+	* vm_trace.c: ditto.
+
+Mon Dec 14 11:41:59 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/cgi.rb: fix a typo in documentation.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1140] Patch by @jutaz
+
+Mon Dec 14 11:31:00 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c: fix typos.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1140] Patch by @jutaz
+	* dir.c: ditto.
+	* gc.c: ditto.
+	* io.c: ditto.
+	* node.h: ditto.
+	* thread_pthread.c: ditto.
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
+	* vsnprintf.c: ditto.
+
+Mon Dec 14 11:27:01 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/iso_2022_jp.h: fix typos.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1140] Patch by @jutaz
+	* enc/utf_16_32.h: ditto.
+	* enc/utf_7.h: ditto.
+
+Mon Dec 14 11:25:57 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_app_aobench.rb: fix typos.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1140] Patch by @jutaz
+	* benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pipe.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Dec 13 23:46:10 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (trace_lex_state): trace lex_state changes if yydebug is
+	  set, and send the messages to rb_stdout.
+
+	* parse.y (rb_parser_printf): store YYPRINTF messages per lines
+	  so that lex_state traces do not mix.
+
+	* tool/ytab.sed: add parser argument to yy_stack_print too.
+
+Sun Dec 13 20:41:16 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (build_lex_state_name, trace_lex_state): lex_state is
+	  now bit flags and can be set 2 bits or more.
+
+Sun Dec 13 20:26:30 2015  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_syntax.rb: fix typo in test
+
+Sun Dec 13 20:12:14 2015  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (parse_percent): Allow %-literals in labeled arg as
+	  r51624 did for parentheses.
+	  Fixes [ruby-core:72084] [Bug #11812].
+
+Sun Dec 13 20:02:15 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ChangeLog: fix a typo
+
+Sun Dec 13 19:54:26 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/lib/envutil.rb: move envutil's assertions under Test::Unit::Assertion.
+	* test/lib/test/unit/assertions.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Dec 13 19:24:20 2015  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (lex_state_name): Make it return the correct names.
+	  Add new names to follow r51617; Indices ffs(2) returns are 1-origin.
+
+Sun Dec 13 18:40:45 2015  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* parse.y: debug output of lex_state transition if PARSER_DEBUG
+
+Sun Dec 13 18:49:25 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (parse_mode_enc): preserve encoding of mode string in
+	  warnings.
+
+	* io.c (io_encname_bom_p): check BOM prefix only, not including
+	  UTF prefix.
+
+	* io.c (parse_mode_enc): warn BOM with non-UTF encoding.
+
+	* io.c (parse_mode_enc): fix buffer overflow.
+
+Sun Dec 13 18:35:57 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/function.c (initialize): check all arguments first.
+	  reported by Marcin 'Icewall' Noga of Cisco Talos.
+
+	* ext/fiddle/conversions.h (PTR2NUM): use signed integer to make
+	  Fixnum for negative values.
+
+Sun Dec 13 18:33:41 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* pack.c (pack_pack): always check index range against the
+	  receiver array length, which can be shortened by elements
+	  conversion.  reported by Marcin 'Icewall' Noga of Cisco Talos.
+
+Sun Dec 13 18:28:52 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/psych/psych_emitter.c (start_document): should not exceed
+	  tags array range.
+
+	* ext/psych/psych_emitter.c (start_document): ensure string before
+	  encoding conversion.
+
+Sun Dec 13 18:26:31 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c (tk_hash_kv): check types of array
+	  argument.  reported by Marcin 'Icewall' Noga of Cisco Talos.
+
+	* ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c (cbsubst_table_setup): check length of
+	  argument arrays for each access, as callback methods can modify
+	  them.  reported by Marcin 'Icewall' Noga of Cisco Talos.
+
+	* ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c (cbsubst_table_setup): check types of
+	  argument elements.  reported by Marcin 'Icewall' Noga of Cisco
+	  Talos.
+
+Sun Dec 13 18:19:20 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_vstr2wc): check argument type, vstr
+	  must be a String here.  reported by Marcin 'Icewall' Noga of
+	  Cisco Talos.
+
+Sun Dec 13 16:41:01 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (BOOTSTRAPRUBY): make BASERUBY full path before
+	  building ruby to get rid of unexpectedly invoking built ruby.
+	  [ruby-core:72065] [Bug #11807]
+
+	* configure.in (BOOTSTRAPRUBY): use MINIRUBY but not BASERUBY
+	  unless cross compiling.  [ruby-core:72065] [Bug #11807]
+
+Sun Dec 13 14:17:19 2015  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* test/test_shellwords.rb (TestShellwords): Add many more tests
+	  for handling whitespace characters and frozenness.
+
+Sun Dec 13 14:16:09 2015  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/shellwords.rb (Shellwords#shellsplit): Document that this
+	  method does not treat shell metacharacters as such.
+
+Sun Dec 13 12:17:43 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* lib/shellwords.rb (shellescape): duplicate frozen literal
+	* test/test_shellwords.rb (test_stringification): new test
+
+Sun Dec 13 11:47:35 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_inspect): check the default internal encoding as
+	  String#inspect do.
+	  [ruby-dev:49415] [Bug #11787]
+
+Sun Dec 13 11:38:12 2015  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/shellwords.rb: Turn on frozen-string-literal after fixing
+	  shellsplit.
+
+Sun Dec 13 10:44:44 2015  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* KNOWNBUGS.rb: Fixed typo, made more explicit [ci skip]
+
+Sun Dec 13 10:26:47 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ssl_npn_select_cb_common): fix parsing
+	  protocol list.
+	  The protocol list from OpenSSL is not null-terminated.
+	  patched by Kazuki Yamaguchi [Bug #11810] [ruby-core:72082]
+
+Sun Dec 13 06:40:30 2015  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/ostruct.rb: Have OpenStruct#dig raise if argument is not a
+	  symbol
+	  nor a string. See [#11762]
+
+Sun Dec 13 00:05:42 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method_missing): method_missing should
+	  not be refined.
+	  [ruby-core:72080] [Bug #11809]
+
+Sat Dec 12 23:00:17 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c: Merge nkf 2.1.4.
+
+Sat Dec 12 18:52:26 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_dig): raise TypeError if an element does not
+	  have #dig method.  [ruby-core:71798] [Bug #11762]
+
+Sat Dec 12 17:59:07 2015  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb: Add test cases for `$KCODE` and `$=` warning
+	  [Misc #11770][ruby-dev:49398]
+
+Sat Dec 12 17:11:57 2015  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/NEWS-0.2.2: add description about incompatible change in Hash
+	  duplicated key overriding policy. [Bug #10315] [Bug #11501]
+
+Sat Dec 12 07:44:38 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* io.c (do_io_advise): do not raise on ENOSYS
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_advise): do not skip on Errno::ENOSYS
+	  (test_advise_pipe): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:72066] [Feature #11806]
+
+Sat Dec 12 07:05:29 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/windows_1252.c: separate from ISO-8859-1 to fix 0x80..0x9e
+	  range.  [ruby-core:64049] [Bug #10097]
+
+Fri Dec 11 23:33:40 2015  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* sample/trick2015/: added the award-winning entries of TRICK 2015.
+	  See https://github.com/tric/trick2015 for the contest outline.
+
+Fri Dec 11 17:59:05 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* insns.def (opt_case_dispatch): avoid converting Infinity
+	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb (test_opt_case_dispatch_inf): new
+	  [ruby-dev:49423] [Bug #11804]'
+
+Fri Dec 11 16:48:57 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_num_hash_start): avoid pathological behavior
+	  [ruby-core:72028] [Feature #11405]
+
+Fri Dec 11 11:58:46 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: Mentioned rubygems-2.5.1
+
+Fri Dec 11 11:52:39 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems: Update to RubyGems 2.5.1
+	* test/rubygems: ditto.
+
+Fri Dec 11 11:38:14 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each, ibf_load_object_hash): rehash
+	  case-dispatch hash to reduce collisions.
+	  http://d.hatena.ne.jp/ku-ma-me/20151210
+
+Fri Dec 11 03:44:43 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_inspect): dump inspected result with rb_str_escape()
+	  instead of raising Encoding::CompatibilityError. [Feature #11801]
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_escape): added to dump given string like
+	  rb_str_inspect without quotes and always dump in US-ASCII
+	  like rb_str_dump.
+
+Thu Dec 10 14:59:59 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb (test_expand_heap): relax condition (1->2).
+
+Thu Dec 10 14:15:59 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cont.c: fix a double word typo.
+	  [Bug #11313][ruby-core:69749]
+
+Thu Dec 10 14:13:34 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: fix typos.
+	  [Bug #11764][ruby-core:71800]
+
+Thu Dec 10 11:33:34 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): reduce needless rb_str_dup
+	  [ruby-core:72018] <5668DB6E.8000101@ruby-lang.org>
+
+Thu Dec 10 09:32:51 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb, lib/shellwords.rb: disable frozen-string-literal.
+	  [ruby-core:72011] [Bug #11800]
+
+Thu Dec 10 06:33:39 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (memsize_dump_arg): remove NULL check
+	  (memsize_load_arg): ditto
+
+Thu Dec 10 05:53:18 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/mkconfig.rb: rbconfig must not be frozen-string-literal to
+	  expand CONFIG hash.  [ruby-core:72006] [Bug #11798]
+
+Thu Dec 10 05:03:51 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ifaddr.c (ifaddr_mark): remove empty function
+	  (ifaddr_type): pass zero to rb_data_type_t.function.dmark
+
+Thu Dec 10 04:49:16 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* proc.c (bm_free): remove, use default free
+	  (method_data_type): use RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE
+
+Thu Dec 10 02:01:41 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): do not add debug information
+	  without --debug or --debug=frozen-string-literal option
+	  because String#dup slows down with debug information.
+	  [Feature #11725]
+
+	* NEWS: apply about it.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb: catch up this fix with refactoring.
+
+Thu Dec 10 00:06:56 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c: rename methods
+	  RubyVM::InstructionSequence#to_binary_format -> #to_binary
+	  RubyVM::InstructionSequence.from_binary_format -> .load_from_binary
+	  RubyVM::InstructionSequence.from_binary_format_extra_data ->
+	                             .load_from_binary_extra_data
+
+	* iseq.c: fix document of iseq.to_binary.
+	  [Fix GH-1134]
+
+	* sample/iseq_loader.rb: catch up this change.
+
+	* test/lib/iseq_loader_checker.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Dec  9 17:02:03 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regparse.h (SET_NTYPE): get rid of breaking strict aliasing.
+	  patch by Zarko Todorovski in [ruby-core:71953].  [Bug #11790]
+
+Wed Dec  9 16:10:37 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_cref_in_context): Module#define_method in non-class
+	  expression should be public.
+	  [Bug #11754]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_method.rb: add a test.
+
+Wed Dec  9 14:45:27 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_stacked_objects): fix typo.
+	  reported by XIE Zhibang. [Bug #11763]
+
+Wed Dec  9 14:37:51 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/syntax/refinements.rdoc: remove outdated description.
+
+Wed Dec  9 09:58:09 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/**/*.c (*_memsize): same as r52986 for extensions.
+
+Wed Dec  9 09:46:19 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* .gitignore: ignored ISeq binary format.
+
+Wed Dec  9 09:34:41 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* *.c (*_memsize): do not check ptr.
+	  NULL checking is finished Before call of memsize functions.
+	  See r52979.
+
+Wed Dec  9 09:25:29 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/net/smtp/test_response.rb: use Test::Unit. We should use Test::Unit
+	  without rubygems and rdoc.
+
+Wed Dec  9 06:26:23 2015  Colin Kelley <colindkelley@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb: enable frozen_string_literal
+	  (split_userinfo): remove explicit .freeze for string literals
+	  (check_path): ditto
+	  (query): ditto
+	  (fragment): ditto
+	  (to_s): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:71910] [Bug #11759]
+
+Wed Dec  9 06:25:47 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/uri/test_generic.rb (to_s): new test
+	  [ruby-core:71820]
+
+Wed Dec  9 02:18:52 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (ibf_dump_memsize): should check NULL.
+
+Wed Dec  9 01:46:35 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_init): now accepts new option parameter `encoding'.
+	  [Feature #11785]
+
+Wed Dec  9 00:52:37 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_stat_wr, rb_stat_ww): call get_stat only once and
+	  reduce checking struct.  patch by Yuki Kurihara in
+	  [ruby-core:71949].  [Misc #11789]
+
+Wed Dec  9 00:24:33 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_ibf_dump): dump extra data just string length.
+
+	* sample/iseq_loader.rb: add using
+	  RubyVM::InstructionSequence.from_binary_format_extra_data method
+	  (commented out).
+
+Mon Dec  9 00:21:19 2015  Yuki Nishijima  <mail@yukinishijima.net>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: Upgrade the did_you_mean gem to 1.0.0.rc1
+
+Wed Dec  9 00:17:49 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (ibf_load_setup): cast to int.
+
+Wed Dec  9 00:13:09 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (ibf_setup_load): rename to ibf_load_setup().
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_load_setup): check binary format.
+
+Tue Dec  8 23:30:07 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/io/console/test_io_console.rb (run_pty): Avoid waiting twice
+	  for a process. Fix Errno::ECHILD in TestIO_Console#test_close and
+	  TestIO_Console#test_sync.
+
+Tue Dec  8 23:05:47 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_ibf_dump): fix for clang type checker.
+
+Tue Dec  8 23:04:02 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_s_load): fix mysterious bug.
+
+Tue Dec  8 22:31:58 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* introduce new ISeq binary format serializer/de-serializer
+	  and a pre-compilation/runtime loader sample.
+	  [Feature #11788]
+
+	* iseq.c: add new methods:
+	  * RubyVM::InstructionSequence#to_binary_format(extra_data = nil)
+	  * RubyVM::InstructionSequence.from_binary_format(binary)
+	  * RubyVM::InstructionSequence.from_binary_format_extra_data(binary)
+
+	* compile.c: implement body of this new feature.
+
+	* load.c (rb_load_internal0), iseq.c (rb_iseq_load_iseq):
+	  call RubyVM::InstructionSequence.load_iseq(fname) with
+	  loading script name if this method is defined.
+
+	  We can return any ISeq object as a result value.
+	  Otherwise loading will be continue as usual.
+
+	  This interface is not matured and is not extensible.
+	  So that we don't guarantee the future compatibility of this method.
+	  Basically, you shouldn't use this method.
+
+	* iseq.h: move ISEQ_MAJOR/MINOR_VERSION (and some definitions)
+	  from iseq.c.
+
+	* encoding.c (rb_data_is_encoding), internal.h: added.
+
+	* vm_core.h: add several supports for lazy load.
+	  * add USE_LAZY_LOAD macro to specify enable or disable of
+	    this feature.
+	  * add several fields to rb_iseq_t.
+	  * introduce new macro rb_iseq_check().
+
+	* insns.def: some check for lazy loading feature.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
+
+	* proc.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm.c: ditto.
+
+	* test/lib/iseq_loader_checker.rb: enabled iff suitable
+	  environment variables are provided.
+
+	* test/runner.rb: enable lib/iseq_loader_checker.rb.
+
+	* sample/iseq_loader.rb: add sample compiler and loader.
+
+	    $ ruby sample/iseq_loader.rb [dir]
+
+	  will compile all ruby scripts in [dir].
+	  With default setting, this compile creates *.rb.yarb files
+	  in same directory of target .rb scripts.
+
+	    $ ruby -r sample/iseq_loader.rb [app]
+
+	  will run with enable to load compiled binary data.
+
+Tue Dec  8 21:21:16 2015  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* NEWS: mention about Enumerator::Lazy#grep_v.
+	  [ruby-core:71845] [Feature #11773]
+
+Tue Dec  8 17:36:36 2015  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c: removed unused variable
+
+Tue Dec  8 16:23:40 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enumerator.c (lazy_grep_v): add Enumerator::Lazy#grep_v as well
+	  as Enumerable, to enumerate lazily.
+	  [ruby-core:71845] [Feature #11773]
+
+Tue Dec  8 14:27:07 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (name_err_local_variables): new method
+	  NameError#local_variables for internal use only.
+	  [Feature #11777]
+
+Tue Dec  8 14:20:38 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (w_objivar): skip internal instance variables in
+	  T_OBJECT too.
+
+Tue Dec  8 12:58:04 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/io/console/test_io_console.rb (test_getpass): s.getpass
+	  should be tested. Narrow ensure block. This reverts r52911.
+	  [Bug #11780] [ruby-dev:49412]
+
+Tue Dec  8 10:40:21 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_case_lit.rb: new benchmark
+	* compile.c (case_when_optimizable_literal): add nil/true/false
+	* insns.def (opt_case_dispatch): ditto
+	* vm.c (vm_redefinition_check_flag): ditto
+	* vm.c (vm_init_redefined_flag): ditto
+	* vm_core.h: ditto
+	* object.c (InitVM_Object): define === explicitly for nil/true/false
+	* test/ruby/test_case.rb (test_deoptimize_nil): new test
+	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb (test_opt_case_dispatch): update
+	  (test_eqq): new test
+	  [ruby-core:71923] [Feature #11769]
+	  Original patch by Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+Tue Dec  8 10:19:02 2015  Jake Worth  <jakeworth82@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb: fix double word typo in the document.
+	  [Misc #10608] [Fix GH-1126]
+
+Tue Dec  8 09:03:19 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (d_lite_lshift): should check the argument
+	  before negation.
+
+Tue Dec  8 08:56:16 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* insns.def (opt_case_dispatch): check Float#=== redefinition
+	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb (test_opt_case_dispatch): new
+	  [ruby-core:71920] [Bug #11784]
+
+Tue Dec  8 03:56:05 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/lib/iseq_loader_checker.rb: add iseq dumper/loader checker.
+	  If you enable this checker (remove `#' in test/runner.rb),
+	  you can see comparison results between an original iseq disassembed
+	  result and dumped and loaded iseq disassembed result.
+
+	  There are several bugs around there, because of inexact stack depth
+	  calculation. Now, I leave these bugs because they are not critical
+	  and difficult to solve completely.
+
+	* test/runner.rb: require test/lib/iseq_loader_checker.rb but
+	  disabled at default (commented out).
+
+Tue Dec  8 03:45:47 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* doc/extension.rdoc: warn about kwargs performance in C
+	  [Feature #11339] [ci skip]
+
+Tue Dec  8 03:44:51 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_load): disable peephole optimization option
+	  because apply it multiple times change the sequence.
+	  (iseq != peephole_optimize(load(iseq.to_a)))
+
+Tue Dec  8 03:43:21 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (rb_iseq_build_from_ary): do not allocate table
+	  if table_size is 0.
+
+Tue Dec  8 03:30:34 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/unixsocket.c (unix_send_io): document args
+	  (unix_recv_io): ditto
+	* test/socket/test_unix.rb (test_fd_passing_class_mode): added
+
+Tue Dec 08 02:21:35 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_translate): at the end of constructing an iseq,
+	  call RubyVM::InstructionSequence.translate(iseq) if this method
+	  is defined. If the return value is also an object of
+	  RubyVM::InstructionSequence, then use it instead of created one.
+
+	  For example, this method is useful to test iseq dumper/loader
+	  such as RubyVM::InstructionSequence#to_a and rb_iseq_load().
+
+	  Because this method is for such internal experimental usage,
+	  the interface is not matured. For example, this interface has
+	  no extensibility. Two or more translators can not run
+	  simultaneously.
+
+	  So that we don't guarantee future compatibility of this method.
+	  Basically, do not use this method.
+
+Tue Dec  8 01:57:13 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/psych/*: update psych to 2.0.16
+	* test/psych/*: ditto
+
+Mon Dec  7 23:45:20 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* string.c: introduce String#+@ and String#-@ to control
+	  String mutability.
+	  [Feature #11782]
+
+Mon Dec  7 23:39:49 2015  Ben Miller  <bjmllr@gmail.com>
+
+	* parse.y: add heredoc <<~ syntax.  [Feature #9098]
+
+Mon Dec  7 23:06:16 2015  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* prelude.rb (IO#read_nonblock): [DOC] add missing options to
+	  call-seq.  [ruby-core:71627] [Bug #11730]
+
+Mon Dec  7 15:50:50 2015  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* .gitignore: added cygruby*.def for Cygwin
+
+Sun Dec  6 19:52:31 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_autoload): deprecate
+	* internal.h (rb_autoload_str): declare
+	* load.c (rb_mod_autoload): use rb_autoload_str
+	* variable.c (rb_autoload): become compatibility wrapper
+	  (rb_autoload_str): hoisted out from old rb_autoload
+	  [ruby-core:71369] [Feature #11664]
+
+Sun Dec  6 18:25:22 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/webrick/test_cgi.rb (TestWEBrickCGI#test_cgi): gave up the test
+	  of binary path info test on Windows because the test had passed
+	  occasionally as the comment said.
+
+Sun Dec  6 15:25:06 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_getpass): add IO#getpass
+	  method.
+
+Sun Dec  6 08:39:05 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json/json.gemspec: bump version to json 1.8.3. CRuby already contained
+	  upstream changes.
+
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/4d059bf9f5f10f3d3088de49fc87e5555db7770d
+	  https://github.com/flori/json/commit/d4c99de78905d96c3f301f48b2c789943bb3f098
+
+	* ext/json/lib/json/version.rb: ditto.
+
+Sat Dec  5 17:48:25 2015  Lars Kanis  <lars@greiz-reinsdorf.de>
+
+	* tool/fake.rb: Fix cross build when srcdir is an absolute path.
+
+	* Makefile.in: PREP dependency is needed when cross build too, not
+	  "-r$(arch)-fake" to be  used before created.  [Fix GH-1125]
+
+Sat Dec  5 17:26:24 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (env_str_new, env_path_str_new): make default string
+	  UTF-8 for the case conversion is not possible.  [Bug #8822]
+
+	* hash.c (get_env_cstr): convert non-ASCII string to UTF-8 string.
+
+	* hash.c (ruby_setenv): use wide char version to put environment
+	  variable to deal with non-ASCII value.
+
+Sat Dec  5 09:56:50 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby_atomic.h (ATOMIC_CAS): old value to be swapped should be
+	  same as the destination.  immediate value may need type
+	  promotion.
+
+	* ruby_atomic.h (ATOMIC_SIZE_CAS): fix the argument order of
+	  InterlockedCompareExchange64.  new value and then old value is
+	  the last.
+
+Sat Dec  5 09:23:34 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* random.c (fill_random_seed): fix the size to be filled, not the
+	  size of element, but the whole size of array.
+
+Sat Dec  5 06:03:54 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm.c (ruby_vm_verbose_ptr): make static
+	  (ruby_vm_debug_ptr): ditto
+
+Sat Dec  5 00:56:29 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RB_OBJ_TAINT): follow-up of r52881.
+	  Turn into void expression not to use unexpected result.
+	  Fix "operands have incompatible types" error with
+	  Oracle Solaris Studio 12.x on Solaris.
+
+Fri Dec  4 19:52:52 2015  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_13.c: Added three missing lower/upper-case
+	  character pairs (from Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Fri Dec  4 18:57:57 2015  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_4.c: Added missing lower/upper-case character
+	  pair (U+014A and U+014B, LATIN CAPITAL/SMALL LETTER ENG)
+	  (from Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Fri Dec  4 16:48:19 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_obj_as_string): fstring should not be infected.
+	  re-apply r52872 and fix a typo.
+	  TODO: other frozen strings also may not be.
+
+Fri Dec  4 15:21:45 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems: Update to RubyGems 2.5.0+ HEAD(fdab4c4).
+	  this version includes #1396, #1397, #1398, #1399
+	* test/rubygems: ditto.
+
+Fri Dec  4 11:22:40 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_setname): name must be ascii-compatible, as
+	  pthread APIs do not accept legacy wide char strings.
+
+Thu Dec  3 15:39:21 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/scanf.rb: fixed double words typo.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1123] Patch by @jwworth
+
+Thu Dec  3 15:37:56 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_mixed_unicode_escapes.rb: fixed typo.
+	  [fix GH-1122] Patch by @davydovanton
+	* test/ruby/test_object.rb: ditto.
+	* test/socket/test_tcp.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu Dec  3 15:33:08 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): fix wrong shifting position in
+	  Rational conversion when not at the beginning of the result.
+	  [ruby-core:71806] [Bug #11766]
+
+Thu Dec  3 14:22:16 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* range.c (range_to_s): should be infected by the receiver.
+	  str2 infects by appending.  [ruby-core:71811] [Bug #11767]
+
+Thu Dec  3 11:57:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: separate SET_CURRENT_THREAD_NAME, which can set
+	  the name of current thread only, and SET_ANOTHER_THREAD_NAME,
+	  which can set the name of other threads.
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_setname): use SET_ANOTHER_THREAD_NAME.  OS X
+	  is not possible to set another thread name.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_set_thread_name, thread_timer): use
+	  SET_CURRENT_THREAD_NAME.
+
+Wed Dec 02 22:57:46 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h, iseq.h: remove rb_iseq_t::variable_body.
+	  Fields in rb_iseq_t::variable_body are contained by
+	  rb_iseq_t::body::mark_ary (hidden Array object).
+
+	  Index 0 to 2 of mark_ary are reserved by these objects.
+
+	* iseq.c: catch up this fix.
+
+	* compile.c (rb_iseq_original_iseq): trivial rewrite.
+
+Wed Dec  2 17:19:02 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.h: introduce ISEQ_ORIGINAL_ISEQ() and
+	  ISEQ_ORIGINAL_ISEQ_ALLOC() macro.
+
+	* compile.c: use them to access original iseq buffer.
+
+	* iseq.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_core.h: rename iseq field to support this fix.
+
+Wed Dec  2 17:10:32 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.h: introduce ISEQ_FLIP_CNT_INCREMENT() macro.
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): use it.
+
+	* vm_core.h: rename flip_cnt field to support this fix.
+
+Wed Dec  2 17:05:15 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.h: introduce ISEQ_COVERAGE() and ISEQ_COVERAGE_SET() macro.
+
+	* compile.c: use them.
+
+	* iseq.c: ditto.
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_coverage): added.
+
+	* thread.c (update_coverage): use rb_iseq_coverage().
+
+	* vm_core.h: rename coverage field name to support this fix.
+
+Wed Dec  2 17:00:54 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* encoding.c (enc_name, rb_enc_name_list_i, rb_enc_aliases_enc_i):
+	  make fstring instead of making each copies.
+
+Wed Dec  2 16:32:08 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.h: introduce ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA() macro.
+
+	* compile.c, iseq.c: use ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA().
+
+	* vm_core.h: rename compile_data field to support this fix.
+
+Wed Dec  2 16:27:19 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* encoding.c (enc_m_loader): defer finding encoding object not to
+	  be infected by marshal source.  [ruby-core:71793] [Bug #11760]
+
+	* marshal.c (r_object0): enable compatible loader on USERDEF
+	  class.  the loader function is called with the class itself,
+	  instead of an allocated object, and the loaded data.
+
+	* marshal.c (compat_allocator_table): initialize
+	  compat_allocator_tbl on demand.
+
+	* object.c (rb_undefined_alloc): extract from rb_obj_alloc.
+
+Wed Dec  2 15:12:43 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: Fixed double negative comments.
+	  [Bug #11698][ruby-core:71506]
+
+Wed Dec  2 14:55:01 2015  yui-knk  <spiketeika@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_string.rb: removed non executing tests.
+	  [Misc #11757][ruby-dev:49397]
+
+Wed Dec  2 11:23:06 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb: enable frozen_string_literal.
+	  [fix GH-1116] Patch by @marshall-lee
+
+Wed Dec  2 10:36:25 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c: Fix double word typo.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1120] Patch by @jwworth
+
+Wed Dec  2 07:43:51 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (mSSLExtConfig): make static
+	  (eSSLError): ditto
+	  (ID_callback_state): ditto
+	  (ossl_ssl_ex_vcb_idx): ditto
+	  (ossl_ssl_ex_store_p): ditto
+	  (ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx): ditto
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.h: remove extern declarations for
+	  mSSLExtConfig and eSSLError
+
+Wed Dec  2 07:41:08 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* missing/explicit_bzero.c (explicit_bzero): fixup r52839
+	  for compilers with "weak" attribute
+
+Wed Dec  2 06:47:25 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* missing/explicit_bzero.c: add ruby_explicit_bzero_hook_unused
+	  for preventing optimization. Inspired from OpenBSD.
+
+Tue Dec  1 23:36:39 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_setname): allow to reset thread name.
+
+Tue Dec  1 23:14:04 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_setname): check the argument if valid
+	  string.  [ruby-core:71774] [Bug #11756]
+
+Tue Dec  1 17:13:41 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_string_value_cstr): should not raise on frozen
+	  string.
+
+Tue Dec  1 09:35:29 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* missing/explicit_bzero.c: add a few comment.
+
+Tue Dec  1 09:31:19 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* missing/explicit_bzero.c: add disabling optimization on gcc.
+
+Tue Dec  1 07:50:33 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* missing/explicit_bzero.c: new file. define explicit_bzero.
+	  Fixup r52806
+
+Thu Oct 22 12:54:43 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (register_ubf_list): renamed from
+	  add_signal_thread_list.
+	* thread_pthread.c (unregister_ubf_list): renamed
+	  from remove_signal_thread_list.
+	* thread_pthread.c (ubf_wakeup_all_threads): renamed from
+	  ping_signal_thread_list.
+	* thread_pthread.c (ubf_wakeup_thread): renamed from
+	  ubf_select_each.
+	* thread_pthread.c (ubf_threads_empty): renamed from
+	  check_signal_thread_list().
+	* thread_pthread.c (ubf_list_lock): renamed from
+	  signal_thread_list_lock.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (register_ubf_list): large simplification
+	  by using ccan/list.h.
+	  bonus: removed malloc() and exit(EXIT_FAILURE).
+	* thread_pthread.c (unregister_ubf_list): ditto.
+	* thread_pthread.c (ubf_threads_empty): ditto.
+	* thread_pthread.c (ubf_wakeup_all_threads): ditto.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (print_signal_list): removed.
+
+Thu Oct 22 08:03:49 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rand.rb (TestRand#test_default_seed): add
+	  srand case.
+
+Thu Oct 22 06:33:38 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* random.c (InitVM_Random): move Random::DEFAULT initialization
+	  bits to Init_Random_default.
+	* random.c (Init_Random_default): renamed from Init_RandomSeed2.
+	* random.c (Init_RandomSeedCore): renamed from Init_RandomSeed.
+
+Thu Oct 22 06:20:48 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* random.c (Init_RandomSeed): move all Random::DEFAULT
+	  construction bits to Init_RandomSeed2. Random::DEFAULT
+	  and Ruby internal hashes are no longer shared their seed.
+	* random.c (Init_RandomSeed2): ditto. And, kill evil
+	  rb_obj_reveal() stuff.
+
+	* random.c (init_hashseed): add MT argument.
+	* random.c: (init_siphash): ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rand.rb (TestRand#test_default_seed): new
+	  test for Random::DEFAULT::seed.
+
+Thu Oct 22 05:23:48 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* random.c (init_hashseed, init_siphash): extract initialize
+	  functions.
+
+Thu Oct 22 01:01:34 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: sort AC_CHECK_HEADERS() by alphabetical order.
+
+Thu Oct 22 00:19:07 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* random.c (init_randomseed): remove "initial" argument. It never
+	  be used from outside of this function.
+
+Thu Oct 22 00:12:33 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/securerandom.rb (SecureRandom::gen_random): use /dev/urandom
+	  for initialize OpenSSL's rand.
+
+Wed Oct 21 12:10:04 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c (ossl_rand_bytes): RAND_bytes could
+	  be return -1 as an error. Therefore, added error handling.
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c (dsa_generate): ditto.
+
+Wed Oct 21 09:04:09 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/util.h: remove a warning suppression C4723
+	  (potential divide by zero) for VisualC++. It's meaningless.
+	  Before r26197, there is ruby_div0() in this place and it
+	  actually made divide by zero. But now it's just garbage.
+
+Wed Oct 21 08:23:36 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* random.c: random_raw_seed don't use GRND_NONBLOCK. GRND_NONBLOCK
+	  mean the result might not have an enough cryptic strength and
+	  easy predictable. That's no good for SecureRandom.
+
+Sun Oct 18 17:26:53 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* common.mk: add a rule for explicit_bzero.o.
+	* configure.in: detect explicit_bzero and memset_s.
+	* include/ruby/missing.h: add explicit_bzero.
+	* random.c (init_randomseed): use explicit_bzero() instead of
+	  memset(). memset could be eliminated by compiler optimization.
+
+Mon Nov 30 18:46:44 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/readline/extconf.rb: call dir_config("libedit")
+	  if --enable-libedit is specified. [Bug #11751]
+	  patched by John Hein
+
+Mon Nov 30 08:44:29 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* variable.c: remove spurious #define for globals
+	  [ruby-core:71735] [Feature #11749]
+
+Sun Nov 29 09:13:03 2015  Conor Landry  <clandry94@gmail.com>
+
+	* NEWS: [DOC] Various grammar corrections and clarifications to
+	  increase readability.  [Fix GH-1115]
+
+Sat Nov 28 19:33:55 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_here_document): store dispatched result of
+	  on_tstring_content at the last fragment of a here document.
+
+Fri Nov 27 19:19:44 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (connect): detect closed connection and reconnect
+	  If the server closes a keep-alive http connection, the client socket
+	  reaches EOF. To avoid an EOFError, detect the closed connection and
+	  reconnect.
+	  Added test to ensure HTTP#post succeeds even if the
+	  keep-alive-connection has been closed by the server.
+	  by Kristian Hanekamp <kris.hanekamp@gmail.com>
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/1089 fix GH-1089
+
+Thu Nov 26 21:36:40 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_peephole_optimize): enable tail call
+	  optimization for specialized indexers.
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): blockiseq should be NULL, but not
+	  Qnil.
+
+Thu Nov 26 17:22:53 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regcomp.c, regenc.c, regexec.c, regint.h, enc/unicode.c:
+	  Merge Onigmo 58fa099ed1a34367de67fb3d06dd48d076839692
+	  + https://github.com/k-takata/Onigmo/pull/52
+
+Thu Nov 26 09:50:02 2015  yui-knk  <spiketeika@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/coverage/test_coverage.rb: Added test-case for Coverage.restart.
+	  [Misc #11732][ruby-dev:49379]
+
+Thu Nov 26 09:46:36 2015  yui-knk  <spiketeika@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/coverage/test_coverage.rb: Added test-case for Coverage.peek_result
+	  without Coverage.start. [Misc #11726][ruby-core:71622]
+
+Thu Nov 26 07:22:55 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb (test_copy_stream): new test
+
+Wed Nov 25 21:23:39 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (copy_stream_body): try to_io conversion before read,
+	  readpartial, and write methods.  [ruby-dev:49008] [Bug #11199]
+
+Wed Nov 25 10:55:21 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (argf_getpartial): should not resize str if the second
+	  argument is not given.
+	  [ruby-core:71668] [Bug #11738]
+
+Tue Nov 24 23:56:25 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: On Solaris, it is safe to define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE
+	  when _FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 is defined (= when 32-bit compile).
+
+Tue Nov 24 10:00:10 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/installer.rb: Fix two double-word typos.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1108] Patch by @jwworth
+
+Tue Nov 24 09:17:02 2015  Alexander von Gluck IV  <kallisti5@unixzen.com>
+
+	* beos: Drop support for BeOS now that Haiku is stable.
+	  [Fix GH-1112]
+
+Tue Nov 24 09:16:35 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h (rb_gc_for_fd): move to export, as referred by
+	  ext/socket.
+
+Tue Nov 24 09:04:29 2015  David Rodriguez  <deivid.rodriguez@gmail.com>
+
+	* file.c: [DOC] add a missing period to File docs, to terminate
+	  the sentence and separate from the next sentence.  [Fix GH-1111]
+
+Tue Nov 24 08:30:06 2015  JuanitoFatas  <katehuang0320@gmail.com>
+
+	* NEWS: Fix the issue number of `Struct#dig`, which should be
+	  [Feature #11688].  [Fix GH-1110]
+
+Tue Nov 24 07:56:54 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_s_accept): handle ENOMEM
+
+Tue Nov 24 07:50:15 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* dir.c (dir_initialize): use rb_gc_for_fd for ENOMEM
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_socket): ditto
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (rsock_socketpair): ditto
+	* internal.h (rb_gc_for_fd): prototype
+	* io.c (rb_gc_for_fd): remove static
+	  [ruby-core:71623] [Feature #11727]
+
+Tue Nov 24 06:46:27 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_gc_for_fd): new helper function
+	  (ruby_dup): use rb_gc_for_fd
+	  (rb_sysopen): ditto
+	  (rb_fdopen): ditto
+	  (rb_pipe): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:71623] [Feature #11727]
+
+Tue Nov 24 05:13:35 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/function.c (struct nogvl_ffi_call_args):
+	  new struct for GVL release
+	  (nogvl_ffi_call): new function
+	  (function_call): adjust for GVL release
+	  [ruby-core:71642] [Feature #11607]
+	* ext/fiddle/closure.c (struct callback_args):
+	  new struct for GVL acquire
+	  (with_gvl_callback): adjusted original callback function
+	  (callback): wrapper for conditional GVL acquire
+	* ext/fiddle/depend: add dependencies
+	* ext/fiddle/extconf.rb: include top_srcdir for internal.h
+	* internal.h (ruby_thread_has_gvl_p): expose for fiddle
+	* vm_core.h (ruby_thread_has_gvl_p): moved to internal.h
+	* test/fiddle/test_function.rb (test_nogvl_poll): new test
+
+Mon Nov 23 19:53:12 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: On Solaris, with gcc, "-std=iso9899:1999"
+	  in $ansi_options is often also needed in CPPFLAGS,
+	  because some feature definitions vary depending on such
+	  standards options.
+
+Mon Nov 23 12:54:39 2015  Hamish Morrison  <hamishm53@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: remove obsolete workarounds for Haiku.
+
+	* dln.c, file.c, io.c: remove obsolete Haiku workarounds.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c: add stack bounds detection for Haiku.
+
+	* signal.c: get stack pointer from signal context on Haiku.
+	  [ruby-core:67923] [Bug #10811] [Fix GH-1109]
+
+Mon Nov 23 11:44:11 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: bump version to minitest-5.8.3
+
+Mon Nov 23 08:55:00 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ChangeLog: fix wrong reference for r52714
+
+Sun Nov 22 22:23:37 2015  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_raw_obj_info): fix compile errors when USE_RGENGC
+	  is 0.
+
+Sun Nov 22 21:58:09 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/cmath.rb: methods which has suffix '!' are now deprecated.
+	  Re-apply r52469 made by Kazuki Tanaka, with fixing bug about
+	  mathn.rb compatibility. [ruby-core:68528] [Feature #10974]
+
+Sun Nov 22 19:36:51 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c: fix brew command for installation of openssl.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1107] Patch by @arthurnn
+
+Sun Nov 22 17:59:50 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: On Solaris, add -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=n only when both
+	  AC_TRY_CPP and AC_TRY_COMPILE pass, because some options
+	  (e.g. -std=iso9899:1999) are not set when running C preprocessor
+	  or building ext.
+
+Sun Nov 22 16:53:34 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_peephole_optimize): remove unreachable code
+	  chunk after jump/leave.
+
+	* parse.y: move dead code elimination of logical operation to
+	  compile.c.  not to warn logical operation of literal constants.
+
+Sun Nov 22 16:37:10 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_peephole_optimize): eliminate always/never
+	  branches after a literal object and when the value is used after
+	  the branch.
+
+Sun Nov 22 01:23:43 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: Add -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 (or 600 or 700) on Solaris
+	  if available, mainly for enabling some features in sockets.
+
+Sun Nov 22 00:17:22 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/socket/test_socket.rb (test/socket/test_socket.rb): skip
+	  the test when Socket::SO_TIMESTAMP is not defined. Fix error
+	  on Solaris 10. [Bug #11728] [ruby-dev:49377]
+
+Sat Nov 21 18:57:28 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (need_argument): move frozen-string-literal-debug option
+	  from --enable to --debug.  [Feature #11725]
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): fix pointer overrun. do not advance argv
+	  until it is valid.
+
+Sat Nov 21 13:59:09 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/digest/sha1/extconf.rb: OpenSSL's struct name for SHA1 is
+	  SHA_CTX. http://openssl.org/docs/man0.9.8/crypto/SHA1.html
+
+Sat Nov 21 13:31:52 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/digest/*/*.[ch]: include ruby.h before digest.h to avoid
+	  including ext/digest/extconf.h. [Bug #3231]
+	  https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/36k2cdd4.aspx
+
+	* ext/digest/*/extconf.rb: remove ext/digest from include search path
+	  to avoid confusion of cl.exe.
+
+	* ext/digest/*/*.[ch]: explicitly specify def.h's path.
+
+Sat Nov 21 13:05:16 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.h: LibreSSL doesn't have and need e_os2.h.
+
+Sat Nov 21 09:18:10 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread_sync.c: reduce the specification of Queue#close.
+	  * Queue#close accepts no arguments.
+	  * deq'ing on closed queue returns nil, always.
+	  [Feature #10600]
+
+	* test/thread/test_queue.rb: catch up this fix.
+
+Sat Nov 21 08:44:21 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): add debug information to NODE_STR
+	  strings as default.
+	  [Feature #11725]
+
+	* insns.def (freezestring): add new instruction to support adding
+	  debug information for dynamically constructed strings.
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): support adding debug information
+	  for NODE_DSTR with freezestring instruction.
+
+	* error.c (rb_error_frozen): change the debug information ID name
+	  id_debug_created_info and this field should have a 2 element array
+	  containing path and line information.
+
+	* defs/id.def: ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb: catch up this fix.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_iseq.rb: now frozen strings are not same.
+
+Sat Nov 21 04:34:16 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* symbol.c (rb_str_intern): should not freeze the receiver itself
+	  unexpectedly.  [ruby-core:71611] [Bug #11721]
+
+Fri Nov 20 23:15:18 2015  Naotoshi Seo  <sonots@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb: expose logger mutex
+	  [fix GH-541] Patch by @arthurnn
+
+Fri Nov 20 15:05:28 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Added missing reference of GitHub
+
+Fri Nov 20 14:57:01 2015  Trevor Rowe  <trevorrowe@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb: Fixed regression for Net::HTTP::PUT with "Expect-100"
+	  header. [fix GH-949]
+	* test/net/http/test_http.rb: added test.
+
+Fri Nov 20 14:39:56 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb: set hostname before call ossl_ssl_set_session.
+	  [Bug #11401][ruby-core:70152][fix GH-964] Patch by @mkarnebeek
+
+Fri Nov 20 12:53:19 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c: clarify docs for take_while/drop_while samples.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1028] Patch by @leriksen
+
+Fri Nov 20 12:48:04 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c: remove mention of :UNIX in getaddrinfo().
+	  It's typically not a support option.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-990] Patch by @eam
+
+Fri Nov 20 12:44:06 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rss/syndication.rb: Add nodoc marker for #validate_sy_updatePeriod.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1105] Patch by @davydovanton
+
+Fri Nov 20 09:05:21 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_cref_replace_with_duplicated_cref): added.
+
+	  CREFs should not be shared by methods between `using'.
+	  [Bug #11247]
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_cref_replace_with_duplicated_cref): ditto.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_cref_dup): should copy refinements correctly.
+
+	* eval.c: use rb_vm_cref_replace_with_duplicated_cref().
+
+	* eval_intern.h: add a decl. of
+	  rb_vm_cref_replace_with_duplicated_cref().
+
+	* vm_eval.c (eval_string_with_cref): do not need to pass
+	  scope's CREF because VM can find out CREF from stack frames.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: add a test.
+
+Fri Nov 20 06:52:53 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* .gitattributes: new file for git users
+	  [ruby-core:71578] [Feature #11713]
+
+Thu Nov 19 22:35:31 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c: Check buffer full and ignore MSG_TRUNC flag.
+	  buffer fullness is more robust to detect the message is too big for
+	  the buffer.
+	  AIX 7.1 recvmsg doesn't set MSG_TRUNC for rflags when MSG_PEEK is
+	  given.
+
+Thu Nov 19 21:55:11 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_start): force to invoke GC by GC.start
+	  even if it is GC.disable'd.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: add a test.
+
+Thu Nov 19 20:08:59 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: trivial performance improvements.
+
+	    name    modified
+	    vm1_gc_short_lived*                1.015
+	    vm1_gc_short_with_complex_long*    1.014
+	    vm1_gc_short_with_long*            1.000
+	    vm1_gc_short_with_symbol*          1.016
+	    vm1_gc_wb_ary*                     1.002
+	    vm1_gc_wb_ary_promoted*            0.996
+	    vm1_gc_wb_obj*                     1.045
+	    vm1_gc_wb_obj_promoted*            1.014
+	    vm3_gc                             1.021
+
+	* gc.c (gc_writebarrier_generational): reorder parameters to optimize
+	  register passing function call.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_writebarrier_incremental): ditto.
+
+	* gc.c (rb_gc_writebarrier): remove LIKELY().
+	  LIKELY() seems to move related functions not better places.
+
+Thu Nov 19 19:45:05 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_prog_init): [DOC] ARGV does not contain the name of
+	  the executable.  [ruby-core:71561] [Bug #11711]
+
+Thu Nov 19 15:53:21 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* signal.c: should also clear ruby_disable_gc.
+	  [Bug #11692]
+
+Thu Nov 19 15:31:45 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): T_IMEMO/iseq objects should be
+	  wrap with ISeq wrappers. [Bug #11676]
+
+Thu Nov 19 15:16:12 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems: Update to RubyGems 2.5.0+ HEAD(c6b4946).
+	  this version includes #1114, #1314, #1322, #1375, #1383, #1387
+	* test/rubygems: ditto.
+
+Thu Nov 19 14:14:37 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (finish_overlapped_socket): return value of this
+	  function should be only 0 or SOCKET_ERROR.
+
+Thu Nov 19 14:12:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_tailcall_optimize): apply tail call optimization
+	  before conversion to specialized instructions.  when looking
+	  back from `leave` instruction, `send` instructions have been
+	  translated already.
+
+Thu Nov 19 13:57:58 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (finish_overlapped_socket): ignore EMSGSIZE when input,
+	  because POSIX platforms just do so.  fixes test errors revealed by
+	  r52647.
+
+Thu Nov 19 02:52:30 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_recvmsg_internal): stretch the buffer size
+	  only when vmaxdatlen is nil.
+
+Thu Nov 19 02:20:11 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/socket/test_socket.rb (test_udp_recvmsg_truncation): rflags is
+	  nil on Solaris 10 which have no HAVE_STRUCT_MSGHDR_MSG_CONTROL.
+	  Reported by Naohisa Goto. [ruby-core:71557] [Bug #11709]
+
+Thu Nov 19 01:48:05 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: add -static-libgcc for mingw automatically if available.
+
+Thu Nov 19 00:53:26 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb (--extflags): new option to pass EXTLDFLAGS to children,
+	  especially exts.mk.
+
+	* common.mk (EXTMK_ARGS): use above option.
+
+Wed Nov 18 22:50:43 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_class_clear_method_cache): should clear all
+	  RCLASS_CALLABLE_M_TBLs of all sub-classes (T_ICLASS).
+
+	  RCLASS_CALLABLE_M_TBL() caches complemented method entries.
+	  It should be cleared when the modules are cleared.
+	  On previous version clears only for direct children.
+	  It is enough for normal modules because corresponding T_ICLASSes
+	  are direct children.
+
+	  However, refinements create complex data structure. So that
+	  we need to clear all children (and descendants).
+	  [ruby-core:71423] [Bug #11672]
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_clear_method_cache_by_class): rb_mKernel
+	  doesn't call rb_class_clear_method_cache, so that
+	  clear child T_ICLASSes.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: enable disabled test.
+
+Wed Nov 18 21:09:08 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_method.c (prepare_callable_method_entry): use
+	  RCLASS_CALLABLE_M_TBL() instead of accessing a filed directly.
+
+Wed Nov 18 17:08:18 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: introduce the following field and macros.
+
+	  * rb_method_definition_t::complemented_count to count shared method
+	    entries because of complemented method entries and separate from
+	    alias_count.
+
+	    Shared `def' only by complemented method entries should not prevent
+	    method re-definition warning.
+
+	  * METHOD_ENTRY_COMPLEMENTED(me) to represent complemented method entry.
+	  * METHOD_ENTRY_COMPLEMENTED_SET(me) to check it as  complemented me.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (aliased_callable_method_entry): should also
+	  check me->def->complemented_count.
+
+	* vm_method.c (method_definition_addref_complement): add to count
+	  complemented method entries number.
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_definition_release): release `def' iff
+	  alias_count == 0 and complemented_count == 0.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: add a test.
+
+Wed Nov 18 17:06:19 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_raw_obj_info): fix trivial issues.
+
+	  * support SPECIAL_CONSTs.
+	  * fix IMEMO/ment outputs.
+
+Wed Nov 18 11:32:15 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_peephole_optimize): eliminate always/never
+	  branches after a literal object.  this sequence typically
+	  appears by defined? operator for a method call on a local
+	  variable.
+
+Wed Nov 18 10:33:06 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_recvmsg_internal): stretch the buffer size
+	  when EMSGSIZE occurs on non HAVE_STRUCT_MSGHDR_MSG_CONTROL platforms
+	  (such as, Windows).  fixes a test error revealed by r52625.
+
+Wed Nov 18 10:12:36 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_recvmsg_internal): use 4096 as
+	  default size to match pre-r52610, which also maps to a common
+	  page size.
+
+Wed Nov 18 10:05:25 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/syntax/refinements.rdoc: update documentation to reflect
+	  recent changes.
+	  [ci skip] [ruby-core:71466] [Misc #11681] Patch by James Adam
+
+Wed Nov 18 09:50:21 2015  Naotoshi Seo  <sonots@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/logger/test_logdevice.rb: Fix tests of logger to make it work on
+	  windows (windows can not remove opened file) [Bug #11702]
+
+Wed Nov 18 06:59:52 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_recvmsg_internal): grow buffer
+	  on unspecified maxdatlen
+	  [ruby-core:71517] [Bug #11701]
+	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb (Socket#recvmsg): nil default for dlen
+	  (Socket#recvmsg_nonblock): ditto
+	* test/socket/test_socket.rb (test_recvmsg_udp_no_arg): new test
+
+Tue Nov 17 19:50:06 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (fstat): declare for mingw.
+
+Tue Nov 17 19:02:59 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (BASERUBY): use Kernel#print instead of Kernel#p because
+	  the baseruby may output CRLF as end of line.
+
+Tue Nov 17 15:34:34 2015  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+	* NEWS: Added update from Unicode 7.0.0 to 8.0.0 [ci skip]
+
+Tue Nov 17 15:30:30 2015  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+	* enc/unicode/casefold.h, name2ctype.h: Change Unicode
+	  Version for regular expressions from 7.0.0 to
+	  8.0.0 (with help from Kimihito Matsui) [Feature #11563]
+
+Tue Nov 17 14:36:00 2015  Kenichi Kamiya  <kachick1@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/ostruct.rb (dig): Implement OpenStruct#dig
+	  [Feature #11688]
+
+Tue Nov 17 14:04:14 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb (Socket#recvmsg{,_nonblock}): default values
+	  of clen must be nil.
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_sendmsg_internal): handle nil of clen.
+	  fixes test errors introduced at r52602.
+
+Tue Nov 17 13:43:46 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb: UNIXSocket is not always exists.  fixes
+	  install error on Windows, introduced at r52601.
+
+Tue Nov 17 11:27:23 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb (Socket#recvfrom_nonblock):
+	  UDPSocket#recvfrom_nonblock):
+	  update doc for `exception: false` and destination buffer
+	  [ruby-core:69542] [Feature #11229]
+	  [ruby-core:69543] [Feature #11242]
+
+Tue Nov 17 11:25:05 2015  Eric Turner  <ericturnerdev@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_dig), hash.c (rb_hash_dig): [DOC] Update
+	  comments describing dig methods.  [Fix GH-1103]
+
+	* struct.c (rb_struct_dig): [DOC] add rdoc.
+
+Tue Nov 17 11:22:22 2015  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+	* NEWS: Small grammatical fix [ci skip]
+
+Tue Nov 17 10:12:30 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb (Socket.accept_loop): avoid exceptions
+	  (Socket.udp_server_recv): ditto
+
+Tue Nov 17 09:59:00 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_sendmsg_internal): avoid arg parsing
+	  [ruby-core:71439] [Feature #11339]
+	  (rsock_bsock_sendmsg): make private, adjust for above
+	  (rsock_bsock_sendmsg_nonblock): ditto
+	* ext/socket/rubysocket.h: adjust prototypes
+	  (rsock_opt_false_p): remove
+	* ext/socket/basicsocket.c (rsock_init_basicsocket):
+	  define private methods
+	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb (BasicSocket#sendmsg): new wrapper
+	  (BasicSocket#sendmsg_nonblock): ditto
+
+Tue Nov 17 09:45:18 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_recvmsg_internal): avoid arg parsing
+	  (rsock_bsock_recvmsg): adjust for above change
+	  (rsock_bsock_recvmsg_nonblock): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:71439] [Feature #11339]
+	* ext/socket/rubysocket.h: adjust prototypes for above
+	* ext/socket/basicsocket.c (rsock_init_basicsocket):
+	  adjust private methods
+	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb (BasicSocket#recvmsg): wrapper method
+	  (BasicSocket#recvmsg_nonblock): ditto
+
+Tue Nov 17 08:36:34 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_s_accept_nonblock): avoid parsing args
+	  [ruby-core:71439] [Feature #11339]
+	* ext/socket/rubysocket.h: adjust prototype
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_accept_nonblock): make private
+	* ext/socket/tcpserver.c (tcp_accept_nonblock): ditto
+	* ext/socket/unixserver.c (unix_accept_nonblock): ditto
+	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb (Socket#accept_nonblock):
+	  implement as wrapper, move RDoc
+	  (TCPServer#accept_nonblock): ditto
+	  (UNIXServer#accept_nonblock): ditto
+
+Tue Nov 17 08:25:57 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_connect_nonblock):
+	  avoid argument parsing in C.
+	  [ruby-core:71439] [Feature #11339]
+	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb (Socket#connect_nonblock):
+	  new wrapper for private method, move RDoc
+
+Tue Nov 17 08:16:09 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_s_recvfrom_nonblock):
+	  avoid arg parsing with C API
+	  [ruby-core:71439] [Feature #11339]
+	* ext/socket/basicsocket.c (bsock_recv_nonblock):
+	  adjust for above change, make private
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_recvfrom_nonblock): ditto
+	* ext/socket/udpsocket.c (udp_recvfrom_nonblock): ditto
+	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb (BasicSocket#recv_nonblock):
+	  new wrapper for private method, move RDoc
+	  (Socket#recvfrom_nonblock): ditto
+	  (UDPSocket#recvfrom_nonblock): ditto
+
+Mon Nov 16 21:27:54 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/dtrace/helper.rb (Dtrace::TestCase#trap_probe): dtrace buffer
+	  size is set as 8m on Solaris (default 4m). [Bug #11697]
+
+Mon Nov 16 20:03:14 2015  Naotoshi Seo  <sonots@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb: Add Logger#reopen
+
+Mon Nov 16 18:21:52 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_dig): dig in nested structs too.
+
+	* struct.c (rb_struct_dig): new method Struct#dig.
+	  [Feature #11688]
+
+Mon Nov 16 17:41:33 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_peephole_optimize): optimize tail calls on aref
+	  and aset specialized instructions.
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_peephole_optimize): optimize replaced leave
+	  instruction copied to jump instruction too.
+
+Mon Nov 16 16:39:38 2015  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/set.rb: Enable frozen_string_literal.
+
+	* lib/set.rb: Move << out of the begin block that ensures pop.
+
+Mon Nov 16 16:28:30 2015  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/set.rb (Hash#flatten!, #add?, #delete?, #collect!, #reject!,
+	  #select!, #^, #classify): Micro-optimize some methods for
+	  performance and readability.
+
+Mon Nov 16 16:17:58 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ChangeLog: fixed accidentally commit.
+
+Mon Nov 16 16:10:51 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* mkconfig.rb: Add some high-level documentation.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1081] Patch by @ulfalizer
+
+Mon Nov 16 15:59:14 2015  yui-knk  <spiketeika@gmail.com>
+
+	* proc.c: Add call-seq of `Method#super_method`
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1094]
+
+Mon Nov 16 15:58:39 2015  Kenichi Kamiya  <kachick1@gmail.com>
+
+	* struct.c: Standardize a method signature of Struct#[]=.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1095]
+
+Mon Nov 16 15:42:36 2015  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/set.rb (#>=, #>, #<=, #<): Make use of Hash#>=, #>, #<, and
+	  #<= when comparing against an instance of the same kind.
+
+Mon Nov 16 15:37:11 2015  Naotoshi Seo  <sonots@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb: Support symbol and string log level setting
+
+Mon Nov 16 15:33:11 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb: fix wrong permission for gem specification without
+	  zlib runtime. [Bug #11685][ruby-dev:49343]
+
+Mon Nov 16 12:11:11 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httpauth/basicauth.rb: fix a typo.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1099] Patch by @jwworth
+	* lib/webrick/httpauth/digestauth.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Nov 15 18:28:43 2015  Kenichi Kamiya  <kachick1@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_method.c (set_method_visibility): should fail if the receiver
+	  is frozen.  [ruby-core:71489] [Bug #11687]
+
+Sat Nov 14 22:15:07 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb: Specify frozen_string_literal: true.
+
+Sat Nov 14 21:44:56 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/time.rb: Use "<<" to reduce string allocation.
+
+Sat Nov 14 17:45:49 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/tsort.rb: Specify frozen_string_literal: true.
+
+Sat Nov 14 17:25:15 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv-replace.rb: Specify frozen_string_literal: true.
+
+Sat Nov 14 17:00:13 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/time.rb: Specify frozen_string_literal: true.
+
+Sat Nov 14 16:43:02 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/open3.rb: Specify frozen_string_literal: true.
+
+Sat Nov 14 05:04:09 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* node.h: remove old comments.
+
+Sat Nov 14 04:55:36 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* refactoring CREF related code.
+
+	* eval_intern.h: remove unused setter functions.
+	  CREF_CLASS_SET()
+	  CREF_NEXT_SET()
+	  CREF_SCOPE_VISI_COPY()
+
+	* eval_intern.h: rename flags:
+	  * NODE_FL_CREF_PUSHED_BY_EVAL_ -> CREF_FL_PUSHED_BY_EVAL
+	  * NODE_FL_CREF_OMOD_SHARED_ -> CREF_FL_OMOD_SHARED
+	  and use IMEMO_FL_USER1/2.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_cref_new): accept push_by_eval parameter.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_cref_new_use_prev): added for rb_vm_rewrite_cref().
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_cref_push): accept pushed_by_eval parameter.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h: remove unused macros:
+	  COPY_CREF_OMOD() and COPY_CREF().
+
+	* vm_eval.c, insns.def: catch up this fix.
+
+Sat Nov 14 02:58:03 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (vm_define_method): refactoring.
+	  * get CREF in this function.
+	  * cbase is no longer needed (CREF_CLASS(cref) is enough).
+
+	* compile.c: RubyVM::FrozenCore.define_method only accept 2 args.
+
+Sat Nov 14 02:34:43 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (vm_define_method): do not use current CREF immediately,
+	  but check CREF in environment or methods. Methods defined in methods
+	  should be public.
+	  [Bug #11571]
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_scope_module_func_check): check CREF in env or me.
+	  if CREF is contained by `me', then return FALSE.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_method.rb: add a test.
+
+Sat Nov 14 02:19:16 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: constify rb_cref_t::scope_visi;
+
+	* eval_intern.h (CREF_SCOPE_VISI_COPY): catch up this fix.
+
+	* vm_method.c: ditto.
+
+Sat Nov 14 01:53:52 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack, AVOID_CC_BUG): Very ugly workaround for
+	  optimization bug of Oracle Solaris Studio 12.4 on Solaris
+	  with -xO4 optimization option. [Bug #11684]
+
+Fri Nov 13 23:00:23 2015  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: unset LD_PRELOAD on mingw. msys2 child processes
+	  crash at make test-all with LD_PRELOAD.
+	  [ruby-core:71461] [Bug #11680]
+
+Fri Nov 13 14:00:43 2015  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c: Merge ruby/openssl@b9ea8ef [Bug #10735]
+
+Fri Nov 13 13:09:16 2015  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: Merge ruby/openssl@81e1a30
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: ditto
+
+Fri Nov 13 13:05:37 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* prelude.rb (Thread.exclusive): warn as deprecated.
+
+Fri Nov 13 10:36:39 2015  Victor Nawothnig  <Victor.Nawothnig@gmail.com>
+
+	* parse.y (new_unless): optimize constant condition for `unless`
+	  as well as `if`.  [Fix GH-1092]
+
+Fri Nov 13 10:08:41 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: bump version to 2.0.15
+
+Thu Nov 12 18:44:26 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_magic_comment): should match exactly.
+	  [ruby-core:71460] [Bug #11679]
+
+Thu Nov 12 16:16:20 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* template/prelude.c.tmpl: enable tail call optimization.
+
+Thu Nov 12 14:17:01 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_yylex): ANDDOT at the head of the line denote
+	  line continuation from previous one to support fluent interface,
+	  as well as single dot.
+
+Thu Nov 12 13:49:50 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems: Update to RubyGems 2.5.0+ HEAD(db78980).
+	  this version includes #1367 , #1373 , #1375
+	* test/rubygems: ditto.
+
+Thu Nov 12 10:53:41 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_io_nonblock_noex2.rb: new benchmark based
+	  on bm_io_nonblock_noex.rb
+	* io.c (io_read_nonblock): move documentation to prelude.rb
+	  (io_write_nonblock): ditto
+	  (Init_io): private, internal methods for prelude.rb use only
+	* prelude.rb (IO#read_nonblock): wrapper + documentation
+	  (IO#write_nonblock): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:71439] [Feature #11339]
+
+Wed Nov 11 18:30:28 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): look up the key, then get default
+	  value and raise KeyError if the returned value is nil.
+	  [ruby-dev:49338] [Ruby trunk - Bug #11677]
+
+Wed Nov 11 17:38:24 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (local_var_list_add): skip internal local variable
+	  name by its type but not if it has a name.  internal local
+	  variable names are just unique per frame, not globally.
+	  [ruby-core:71437] [Bug #11674]
+
+Wed Nov 11 14:14:33 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* transcode.c: fix a typo
+	[ci skip][fix GH-1091] Patch by @jwworth
+
+Wed Nov 11 11:58:38 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (initialize): Connections are in passive mode per
+	  default now.  The default mode can be changed by
+	  Net::FTP.default_passive=.
+	  [ruby-core:71146] [Feature #11612]
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (default_passive=, default_passive): new methods.
+
+Wed Nov 11 09:03:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): respect default value of a hash.  no
+	  longer raises KeyError unless the default value of the hash is
+	  nil.  [ruby-core:71354] [Bug #11661]
+
+Tue Nov 10 20:35:12 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/open-uri.rb: Remove indicator for "frozen_string_literal: true".
+
+	* lib/pp.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* lib/prettyprint.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* lib/securerandom.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* lib/tmpdir.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/net/ftp/test_buffered_socket.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/net/ftp/test_mlsx_entry.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/open-uri/test_open-uri.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/open-uri/test_ssl.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/pathname/test_pathname.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/test_pp.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/test_prettyprint.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* tool/transcode-tblgen.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb: Ditto.
+
+Tue Nov 10 18:42:24 2015  Aleksandrs Ledovskis  <aleksandrs@ledovskis.lv>
+
+	* defs/id.def, parse.y: Switch internal token name to reflect
+	  current form of safe-call operator.  [Fix GH-1090]
+
+Tue Nov 10 18:25:56 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_to_proc): use rb_func_proc_new to make light
+	  weight proc.  [Feature #11653]
+
+Tue Nov 10 18:23:35 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (cfunc_proc_t): add room for me.
+
+	* proc.c (cfunc_proc_new): generalise for cfunc proc without env.
+
+	* proc.c (rb_func_proc_new, rb_func_lambda_new): new functions to
+	  make proc/lambda without env from cfunc.
+
+Tue Nov 10 17:32:35 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_fork.rb ([ruby-dev:37934]): :NPROC (RLIMIT_NPROC)
+	  is not supported on some platforms (e.g. Solaris 10).
+
+Tue Nov 10 16:57:14 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_to_proc): new method Hash#to_proc.
+	  [Feature #11653]
+
+Tue Nov 10 14:34:09 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* time.c (rb_time_timespec_new): swap utc and localtime
+	  to generate gmt flag by INT_MAX - gmtoff.
+
+Tue Nov 10 14:01:59 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_{le,lt,ge,gt}): new methods, Hash#<=, Hash#<,
+	  Hash#>=, Hash#>, to test if all elements of a hash are also
+	  included in another hash, and vice versa.
+	  [ruby-core:68561] [Feature #10984]
+
+Tue Nov 10 11:25:29 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* time.c (rb_timespec_now): added.  [Feature #11558]
+
+	* time.c (rb_time_timespec_new): added.  [Feature #11558]
+
+Tue Nov 10 06:17:17 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_autoload_load): allow recursive calls
+	  [ruby-core:71345] [Bug #11658]
+	* test/ruby/test_autoload.rb (test_autoload_while_autoloading):
+	  new test by: Hiroshi Shirosaki <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+	  [ruby-core:71390]
+
+Tue Nov 10 00:36:46 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Message::MessageEncoder#put_labels):
+	  Prevent overflow of pointer to labels.
+	  Patch by Hannes Georg.  [ruby-core:71248] [Bug #11632]
+
+Tue Nov 10 00:25:41 2015  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: update to power_assert 0.2.6.
+
+Mon Nov  9 21:48:17 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_check_funcall_default): split from
+	  rb_check_funcall to return the given fallback value.
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_dig): use rb_check_funcall_default so that tail
+	  call optimization will be possible.  [Feature #11643]
+
+Mon Nov  9 21:27:23 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_dig): new method Array#dig.
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_dig): new method Hash#dig.
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_dig): dig in nested arrays/hashes.
+	  [Feature #11643]
+
+Mon Nov  9 18:00:47 2015  Yuki Nishijima  <mail@yukinishijima.net>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: Upgrade the did_you_mean gem to 1.0.0.beta3
+
+Mon Nov  9 17:38:14 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/runner.rb: use official repository for coverage tool.
+	* Makefile.in: ditto.
+	* common.mk: ditto.
+	* .gitignore: ignored third party repositories.
+
+Mon Nov  9 17:29:09 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): Dynamic string literals should be
+	  frozen.
+	  [ruby-core:57574] [Feature #8976]
+
+Mon Nov  9 15:56:07 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk: Use ruby organization url for simplecov repository.
+
+Sun Nov  8 16:24:09 2015  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* NEWS: describe addition of File::TMPFILE
+
+Sun Nov  8 15:19:17 2015  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* file.c: Add O_TMPFILE.
+
+Sun Nov  8 14:24:43 2015  windwiny  <windwiny.ubt@gmail.com>
+
+	* method.h (METHOD_ENTRY_{VISI,BASIC,FLAGS}_SET): suppress
+	  shift-op-parentheses warnings.  [Fix GH-1082]
+
+Sun Nov  8 14:01:22 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/psych/psych_emitter.c: backport 5bd7744 from tenderlove/psych.
+	  support backward compatibility of Ruby 2.0
+
+Sun Nov  8 10:55:10 2015  Anton Davydov  <antondavydov.o@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_gets_m): Update IO#gets doc for characters more than
+	  1 byte.  [Fix GH-1085]
+
+Sun Nov  8 10:37:58 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/ftp.rb: fix a typo.
+	  [fix GH-1084][ci skip] Patch by @windwiny
+
+Sun Nov  8 08:10:31 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (exec_hooks_precheck): check need_clean everytime
+	  to clean-up unused hooks.
+
+	* vm_trace.c (list->need_clean): use as boolean value.
+
+Sun Nov  8 01:31:27 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP#initialize):
+	  default value of Net::HTTP#open_timeout is now 60 (was nil).
+
+Sat Nov  7 12:18:05 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* string.c (id_to_s): remove redundant variable
+	  (rb_obj_as_string): trade id_to_s for idTo_s
+	  (rb_str_equal): replace rb_intern(...) with pre-defined ID
+	  (rb_str_cmp_m): ditto
+	  (rb_str_match): ditto
+	  (str_upto_each): ditto
+	  (rb_str_sum): ditto
+	  (Init_String): remove id_to_s initialization
+
+Sat Nov  7 11:40:05 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_cThreadShield): make static
+
+Sat Nov  7 09:51:38 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_threadptr_exec_event_hooks_orig):
+	  maintain trace_running counter on internal events.
+
+	  This patch is made by Takashi Kokubun <takashikkbn@gmail.com>.
+	  [Bug #11603] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/1059
+
+Sat Nov  7 03:32:27 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RSTRUCT_PTR): need a close parenthesis.
+
+Sat Nov  7 01:32:06 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* dir.c (dir_fileno, dirfd): support of Dir#fileno on Solaris 10.
+	  Solaris 10 does not have dirfd, but the file descriptor of a
+	  directory is stored in the d_fd or dd_fd member in the DIR struct.
+	  Note that Solaris 11 has dirfd(3C).
+
+	* configure.in: checks for DIR.d_fd and DIR.dd_fd on Solaris 10.
+
+Fri Nov  6 23:13:53 2015  Kazuki Tanaka  <gogotanaka@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c: clarifies Array#reject! documentation.
+	  [fix GH-894][ci skip] Patch by @GxSplinter
+
+Fri Nov  6 20:18:25 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/runner.rb: extracted test helper.
+	* test/lib/zombie_hunter.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Nov  6 18:07:47 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_array_const_ptr, rb_struct_const_ptr):
+	  Suppress pointer type mismatch warnings occurred with old version
+	  of Fujitsu C Compiler (fcc) on Solaris 10. The warnings cause
+	  failure of TestMkmf::TestConvertible. [Bug #11644] [ruby-dev:49326]
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (FIX_CONST_VALUE_PTR): macro for the above,
+	  only effective with fcc.
+
+Fri Nov  6 12:39:21 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* defs/id.def (token_ops), parse.y (parser_yylex): change DOTQ
+	  from ".?" to "&.".  [ruby-core:71363] [Feature #11537]
+
+Fri Nov  6 09:01:26 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (kwd_append): fix segv after invalid keyword argument,
+	  preceding keyword list is NULL when syntax error is there.
+	  [ruby-core:71356] [Bug #11663]
+
+Fri Nov  6 06:59:37 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_autoload: hoist out ruby_impl_require
+
+Thu Nov  5 13:03:58 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* defs/id.def (token_ops): gather associations between IDs,
+	  operators, and parser tokens.
+
+Thu Nov  5 10:17:17 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (make_addrinfo): use RARRAY_ASET for
+	  write-barrier.
+
+	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c ({call,eval,invoke}_queue_handler): ditto.
+
+	* ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c (ary2list, ary2list2): ditto.
+
+Thu Nov  5 10:09:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/**/*.c: prefer RARRAY_AREF to indexing RARRAY_CONST_PTR.
+	  pointed out by hanmac.
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/3553a86#commitcomment-14187670
+
+Wed Nov  4 17:33:24 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/debug.rb: Add documentation for #thread_list_all.
+	  [Misc #11580][ci skip]
+
+Wed Nov  4 15:45:59 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c: fix documentation for rb_define_class{_id}_under.
+	  [fix GH-991][ci skip] Patch by @kachick
+
+Wed Nov  4 15:40:45 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* method.h: fix typo. Patch by @davydovanton
+	  [fix GH-1076][ci skip]
+
+Wed Nov  4 15:39:32 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c: use correct grammar. Patch by @tveastman
+	  [fix GH-1079][ci skip]
+
+Wed Nov  4 11:38:23 2015  Jake Worth  <jakeworth82@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (proc_getsid): [DOC] Fix double word 'for' and typo.
+	  [Fix GH-1080]
+
+Wed Nov  4 06:01:52 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (struct RObject): hide iv_index_tbl type
+	  [ruby-core:71306] [Feature #11647]
+
+Tue Nov  3 06:48:58 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* variable.c (find_class_path): remove cast for rb_class_ivar_set
+	  (rb_ivar_set): ditto
+	  (rb_cvar_set): ditto
+
+Tue Nov  3 06:18:21 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_global_tbl): convert to id_table
+
+Tue Nov  3 01:58:46 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* parse.y (NO_QCALL): fix type mismatch of operands that causes
+	  compile error with Oracle Solaris Studio on Solaris.
+	  [Bug #11645] [ruby-dev:49327]
+
+Sun Nov  1 17:14:36 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* id_table.c (mix_id_table_insert): do not touch list during
+	  list->hash transition because GC can run during transition.
+
+Sun Nov  1 11:07:31 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_memsize): account for rb_call_cache entries
+
+Sun Nov  1 09:12:10 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_yylex): ':' separated by a comment and a newline
+	  is not valid as symbol.
+
+Sat Oct 31 20:15:48 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pair.rb: skipped tests if openssl doesn't support
+	  ECDH cipher.
+
+Sat Oct 31 14:58:10 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* man/ruby.1 (SYNOPSIS): remove extraneous space for -F option as
+	  it does not allow spaces before its argument.
+	  [ruby-core:71283] [Bug #11641]
+
+Sat Oct 31 14:58:01 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* man/ruby.1 (SYNOPSIS): remove extraneous space for -F option as
+	  it does not allow spaces before its argument.
+	  [ruby-core:71283] [Bug #11641]
+
+Sat Oct 31 10:22:49 2015  yui-knk  <spiketeika@gmail.com>
+
+	* eval_error.c (undef_mesg_for): fix typo.  Before this commit
+	  `ArgumentError: malformed format string - %$` was raised when
+	  `NameError#message` is called.  [ruby-core:71282] [Bug #11640]
+	  [Fix GH-1077]
+
+Fri Oct 30 21:12:45 2015  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: update to power_assert 0.2.5.
+
+Fri Oct 30 19:29:52 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (newobj_slowpath): do not need to use flags hack (commit miss).
+
+Fri Oct 30 19:08:48 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (heap_get_freeobj_from_next_freepage): not so UNLIKELY.
+
+Fri Oct 30 18:09:51 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (newobj_slowpath): reduce 1 parameter to use only registers
+	  for performance.
+
+	  On my laptop, 'N.times{x = []}' (where N = 29_000_000) is
+	  1.86 sec -> 1.74 sec.
+
+Fri Oct 30 12:53:21 2015  yui-knk  <spiketeika@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_call.rb: added test for safe navigation operator.
+	  [fix GH-1066]
+
+Fri Oct 30 12:47:34 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ChangeLog: fix wrong commit name.
+
+Fri Oct 30 12:36:16 2015  yui-knk  <spiketeika@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_method.c: added documentation of protected/private methods.
+	  [fix GH-1072]
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: added testcase for method_defined?
+	  [fix GH-1071]
+
+Fri Oct 30 12:06:59 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_class_ivar_set): rename as class specific ivar
+	  setter, and st_table is no longer involved.
+
+Fri Oct 30 11:36:33 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* variable.c (generic_ivar_remove): adjust type, set valp
+	  (rb_obj_remove_instance_variable): simplify call
+	* test/ruby/test_object.rb (test_remove_instance_variable):
+	  expand for implementation details
+
+Fri Oct 30 10:37:56 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* internal.h (rb_st_insert_id_and_value): update prototype
+	* variable.c (rb_st_insert_id_and_value): reduce args
+	  (find_class_path): adjust call for less args
+	  (rb_ivar_set): ditto
+	  (rb_cvar_set): ditto
+	* class.c (rb_singleton_class_attached): ditto
+
+Fri Oct 30 09:57:22 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: update latest gems.
+	  test-unit-3.1.5 and minitest-5.8.2
+
+Fri Oct 30 09:54:05 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems: Update to RubyGems HEAD(60d7972).
+	  this version contains pull requests number of #1343, #1356, #1357, #1363
+	  at https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pulls
+	* test/rubygems: ditto.
+
+Fri Oct 30 07:38:29 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* insns.def (getinlinecache/setinlinecache): compare ic->ic_cref and
+	  current cref only when cached CREF list includes singleton class.
+
+	  Singleton classes have own namespaces, so that we need to check
+	  cref as a key (#10943).
+
+	  However, if current CREF list does not include singleton class,
+	  no need to check CREF because it should be same name space.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_get_const_key_cref): add a function returns
+	  CREF only when it includes singleton class.
+
+	* vm_core.h: constify iseq_inline_cache_entry::ic_cref.
+
+Fri Oct 30 06:43:50 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_env_cref): make it inline for performance.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (rb_vm_get_cref): use NULL instead of 0.
+
+Fri Oct 30 06:20:40 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* insns.def: nobody set ic->ic_value.value to Qundef.
+
+Fri Oct 30 06:15:50 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c: add ifndef guard for VM_CHECK_MODE.
+
+Fri Oct 30 06:13:10 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_check_frame_detail): should require me for
+	  VM_FRAME_FLAG_BMETHOD type frame.
+
+Thu Oct 29 18:42:30 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_ptr): specify NOINLINE so that gc_mark() can return
+	  immediately when obj is not a markable object.
+
+Thu Oct 29 18:05:22 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* encoding.c (rb_enc_check_str): add for performance.
+	  This function only accepts T_STRING (and T_REGEXP).
+
+	  This patch improves performance of a tiny_segmenter benchmark
+	  (num=2) 2.54sec -> 2.42sec on my machine.
+	  https://github.com/chezou/TinySegmenter.jl/blob/master/benchmark/benchmark.rb
+
+	* encoding.c: add ENC_DEBUG and ENC_ASSERT() macros.
+
+	* internal.h: add a decl. of rb_enc_check_str().
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_plus): use rb_enc_check_str().
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_subpat_set): ditto.
+
+Thu Oct 29 17:16:40 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* internal.h: export rb_wb_(un)protected_newobj_of()
+	  because some extensions include internal.h.
+
+Thu Oct 29 16:42:19 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_imemo_new): should not pass FL_WB_PROTECTED flag.
+
+	* gc.c (rb_wb_protected_newobj_of): add more assertions.
+
+	* gc.c (rb_wb_unprotected_newobj_of): ditto.
+
+Thu Oct 29 16:20:26 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: introduce rb_wb_unprotected_newobj_of() and
+	  rb_wb_protected_newobj_of(), pass the WB_PROTECTED
+	  information explicitly.
+
+	* internal.h: use introduced functions by NEWOBJ_OF().
+	  `flag' is immediate value, so that C compilers can
+	  solve them at compile time.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: add a comment about that.
+
+Thu Oct 29 14:52:03 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: add rb_objspace::flags::has_hook to represent hook availability.
+
+	* gc.c: add gc_event_hook_available_p(objspace) to check that flag.
+
+	* gc.c (newobj_of): use gc_event_hook_available_p() instead of
+	  checking gc_event_hook_needed_p(objspace, RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_NEWOBJ).
+	  for performance.
+
+	* gc.c (newobj_init): add UNLIKELY() for FL_WB_PROTECTED flag.
+
+	* gc.c (newobj_init): change parameters order (trivial change).
+
+Thu Oct 29 14:45:15 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_thread_struct): move forward declarations before
+	  used.
+
+Thu Oct 29 14:07:54 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_ptr): remove debug code for #11244.
+
+Thu Oct 29 10:08:33 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* variable.c (struct autoload_state): usable as wait-queue head
+	  (struct autoload_data_i): remove 2 words of overhead
+	  (autoload_i_mark): remove marking for thread
+	  (autoload_reset): adjust for struct changes
+	  (rb_autoload): ditto
+	  (rb_autoloading_value): ditto
+	  (rb_autoload_load): ditto
+	  (const_update): ditto
+
+Thu Oct 29 08:48:05 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* variable.c (struct autoload_data_i): add waitq_head
+	  (struct autoload_state): new struct
+	  (autoload_require): save result in autoload_state for use
+	    in autoload_reset
+	  (autoload_reset): wake up other waiters with open-coded
+	    wait-queues
+	  (rb_autoload_load): add ensure autoload_const_set happens
+	    atomically w.r.t. autoload-triggered "require"
+	  [ruby-core:70075] [ruby-core:71239] [Bug #11384]
+
+Wed Oct 29 00:39:50 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_server_command.rb
+	  (test_handle_options_port): change port from http to discard.
+	  Solaris does not include "http 80/tcp" in its default
+	  /etc/inet/services. AFAIK, discard (9/tcp) is older than http
+	  and it is expected that all OS can resolve the service name.
+	  [Bug #10004] [ruby-core:63518]
+
+Wed Oct 28 23:52:48 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* probes_helper.h (RUBY_DTRACE_HOOK): add RB_GC_GUARD, though paranoic.
+
+Wed Oct 28 15:36:11 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (rb_name_err_new): store the receiver directly.
+
+	* error.c (name_err_receiver): return directly stored receiver.
+	  [Feature #10881]
+
+	* error.c (name_err_mesg_to_str): quote the name if unprintable.
+
+	* object.c (check_setter_id): use rb_check_id to convert names.
+
+	* variable.c (uninitialized_constant): use NameError::message to
+	  keep the receiver of uninitialized constant.  [Feature #10881]
+
+	* error.c (rb_name_err_new): new function to create NameError
+	  exception instance.  [Feature #10881]
+
+Wed Oct 28 13:29:39 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (new_attr_op_assign): fix op_assign type, which is
+	  already an ID since r52284.  [Feature #11537]
+
+Tue Oct 27 23:14:14 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* defs/id.def: enable anonymous IDs not to expose internal IDs for
+	  frozen-string-literal-debug by Marshal.dump.
+
+Tue Oct 27 17:06:55 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* defs/id.def: move internal IDs for frozen-string-literal-debug.
+
+Tue Oct 27 16:41:05 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (rb_error_frozen_object): use rb_attr_get instead of
+	  rb_ivar_get to get rid of warnings for string objects created
+	  when frozen-string-literal-debug is disabled.
+
+Tue Oct 27 16:18:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb (Logger::Period#previous_period_end): as weekly
+	  rotation shifts the log file on Sundays, the end date of the
+	  previous period should be Saturdays.  fix r45072.
+	  [ruby-dev:49314] [Bug #11622]
+
+Tue Oct 27 16:12:37 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_print_backtrace): our addr2line doesn't work on sparc.
+	  http://rubyci.s3.amazonaws.com/unstable11s/ruby-trunk/log/20151027T043311Z.log.html.gz
+
+Tue Oct 27 12:00:33 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb (Logger::Period#next_rotate_time): get rid of
+	  adding to mday not to exceed the days of the month.
+	  [ruby-core:71185] [Bug #11620]
+
+Mon Oct 26 22:43:03 2015  yui-knk  <spiketeika@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb (test_method_defined): Add test cases
+	  for `public/protected/private _method_defined?`
+	  These methods accept string as argument, so add string argument
+	  cases.  [Fix GH-1067]
+
+Mon Oct 26 22:23:30 2015  SimonDKnight  <simondknight@hotmail.com>
+
+	* lib/racc/rdoc/grammar.en.rdoc: Grammatical errors fixed.
+	  [Fix GH-1070]
+
+Mon Oct 26 18:36:43 2015  Shota Fukumori (sora_h) <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* vm_method.c(rb_method_entry_make):
+	  [DOC] [ci skip] Remove a needless space from comment
+	  [Fixes GH-1069] Patch by @yui-knk
+
+Mon Oct 26 17:30:13 2015  Ryan Hosford  <tad.hosford@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb: rename tailing to trailing.
+	  [Misc #11548]
+
+Mon Oct 26 17:11:53 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (call_op, call_op2): fix values on ripper.  [Feature #11537]
+
+Mon Oct 26 12:55:06 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (call_op2): separate from call_op and also allow "::",
+	  while dot_or_colon should not allow ".?".  [Feature #11537]
+
+Mon Oct 26 01:03:23 2015  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c: fix compile errors when
+	  USE_SLEEPY_TIMER_THREAD is disabled.
+
+Sun Oct 25 10:12:05 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* symbol.c (op_tbl): add DOTQ for ripper.  [Feature #11537]
+
+Sat Oct 24 22:51:18 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: fixed build failure of Haiku.
+	  [fix GH-984] Patch by @kallisti5
+	* ext/socket/getaddrinfo.c: ditto.
+	* ext/socket/getnameinfo.c: ditto.
+	* ext/socket/rubysocket.h: ditto.
+
+Sat Oct 24 21:16:53 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb (test_uptodate): relax error
+	  message format.  [Feature #9025], [ruby-core:71178] [Bug #11617]
+
+Sat Oct 24 21:06:43 2015  Shota Fukumori (sora_h)  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb: Revert r45640 because it may lead to link
+	  with different libruby. [Bug #9760]
+
+Sat Oct 24 15:42:20 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_method.rb: relax error message format.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_arity.rb (err_mess): ditto.
+	  [Feature #9025], [ruby-core:71178] [Bug #11617]
+
+Sat Oct 24 12:47:47 2015  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: improved error message for "wrong number
+	  of arguments", distinguishing given and expected argument
+	  numbers clearly. [Feature #9025]
+
+Sat Oct 24 11:57:59 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: remove the typedef redeclaration of
+	  vm_call_handler.
+
+Sat Oct 24 07:29:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/forwardable.rb (def_instance_delegator, def_single_delegator):
+	  match backtraces against ::Forwardable in case the target class
+	  is a subclass of BasicObject and does not include Kernel.
+	  [ruby-core:71176] [Bug #11616]
+
+Sat Oct 24 04:10:13 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (make_compile_option_value): include frozen_string_literal*
+	  in a made option value.
+
+	* vm_opts.h: forgot to add OPT_FROZEN_STRING_LITERAL_DEBUG
+	  at last commit.
+
+Sat Oct 24 03:58:02 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ruby.c: introduce --enable-frozen-string-literal-debug option.
+	  If this option is enabled, the modify error will be:
+	    can't modify frozen String (RuntimeError) =>
+	    can't modify frozen String, created at test.rb:3 (RuntimeError)
+
+	* iseq.h: add compile option frozen_string_literal_debug.
+
+	* compile.c: catch up this fix.
+
+	* error.c (rb_error_frozen): ditto.
+
+	* iseq.c (set_compile_option_from_hash): ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb: add a test for this fix.
+
+Sat Oct 24 02:02:24 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: introduce new call handler for simple ISeqs.
+
+	  vm_call_iseq_setup_normal_0start() is simple, however it has
+	  some loops/conditions depends on ISeq::param.size and
+	  ISeq::local_size (in vm_push_frame(), inlined into this function).
+
+	  There are many simple methods which has a few parameters and local
+	  variables. So that this patch introduces several special functions
+	  generated in vm_call_iseq_optimized.inc by
+	  tool/mk_call_iseq_optimized.rb.
+
+	  This script makes
+	    vm_call_iseq_setup_normal_0start_Xparams_Ylocals()
+	  where X is 0 to 3 and Y is 1 to 6 (as current setting).
+	  In this case, X * Y = 24 functions are created.
+
+	  These functions creates fast method dispatch by inlining
+	  vm_push_frame() with immediate params/locals sizes.
+
+	  On my laptop, we can have the following results.
+
+	  vm2_method*       1.083 (8.3% faster)
+	  vm2_poly_method*  0.961 (3.4% slower)
+
+	  It shows 8.3% faster for inner loop method dispatch (hit inline
+	  cache), but 3.4% slower when inline cache miss because we need
+	  to find a suitable call handler.
+
+	* common.mk: add a rule for vm_call_iseq_optimized.inc.
+
+	* tool/mk_call_iseq_optimized.rb: added.
+
+	* vm.c: include vm_call_iseq_optimized.inc.
+
+Sat Oct 24 01:58:50 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: define vm_call_handler.
+
+Sat Oct 24 01:56:01 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h, vm_insnhelper.h: move definition of VMDEBUG
+	  from vm_insnhelper.h to vm_core.h.
+
+Sat Oct 24 01:51:01 2015  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* NEWS: [DOC] In the new safe call syntax, arguments are evaluated
+	  only if a call is made.
+
+	* doc/syntax/calling_methods.rdoc: Fix a typo.
+
+Sat Oct 24 00:38:34 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/forwardable (def_instance_delegator, def_single_delegator):
+	  rescue ::Exception instead of Exception in case Exception is
+	  defined under the target class.
+	  [ruby-core:71175] [Ruby trunk - Bug #11615]
+
+Fri Oct 23 21:10:37 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (name_err_mesg_to_str): separate class names from the
+	  receiver description.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (make_no_method_exception, raise_method_missing): add
+	  format specifiers for class names.
+
+Fri Oct 23 18:10:32 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* .gitignore: ignored environmental wrapper files.
+
+Fri Oct 23 17:55:29 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/irb.rb: Ignored assignment of STDOUT.sync = true
+	  when irb.rb loaded. It's affected to IDE such as Jetbrain.
+	  [fix GH-864] Patch by @os97673
+
+Fri Oct 23 16:35:08 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/ipaddr.rb, test/test_ipaddr.rb: Reject invalid address contained
+	  EOL string. Patch by @kachick [fix GH-942][Bug #11513]
+
+Fri Oct 23 16:03:26 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c: fix indent style. [fix GH-977]
+	* test/ruby/test_string.rb: indent. [fix GH-975]
+	  [ci skip] These patches are contributed from @yui-knk
+
+Fri Oct 23 15:46:09 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c: Added method signature to include hash. It's inconsistency
+	  with `gsub` method signature.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1023] Patch by @danielevans
+
+Fri Oct 23 15:25:51 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb: remove an empty comment line and -*-.
+
+Fri Oct 23 15:20:02 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (gettextfile, getbinaryfile): use the safe
+	  navigation operator.
+
+Fri Oct 23 13:51:33 2015  yui-knk  <spiketeika@gmail.com>
+
+	* test_call.rb (test_safe_call): Add test cases for safe
+	  navigation operator assignment.  [Fix GH-1064]
+	  Validate:
+	  * can assign an attribute which is `nil`
+	  * can "or assign" an attribute which is `nil`
+
+Fri Oct 23 11:58:21 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_peephole_optimize): optimize lengthy safe
+	  navigation method chain.  [Feature #11537]
+
+Fri Oct 23 10:58:41 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/matrix/eigenvalue_decomposition.rb (tridiagonalize): fix
+	  indentation to avoid a warning when the command line option -w of
+	  ruby is specified.
+
+	* lib/matrix/eigenvalue_decomposition.rb (hessenberg_to_real_schur):
+	  change the name of a block parameter to avoid a warning when the
+	  command line option -w of ruby is specified.
+
+Fri Oct 23 10:49:36 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): support safe navigation of simple
+	  attribute assignment.  [Feature #11537]
+
+	* parse.y (mlhs_node, lhs, attrset_gen): ditto.  keep mid
+	  non-attrset as the sign of safe navigation.
+
+Fri Oct 23 07:17:11 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/io/wait/test_io_wait.rb (test_wait_eof): test return value
+
+Fri Oct 23 00:32:02 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ssl_npn_select_cb): explicitly raise error
+	  in ext/openssl instead of OpenSSL itself because LibreSSL
+	  silently truncate the selected protocol name by casting the length
+	  from int to unsigned char. [Bug #11369]
+	  Patch by Jeremy Evans <merch-redmine@jeremyevans.net>
+
+Fri Oct 23 00:49:45 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/un.rb (help): change the name of a block parameter to avoid
+	  a warning when the command line option -w of ruby is specified.
+
+Fri Oct 23 00:22:20 2015  Josef Simanek  <josef.simanek@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_tr): [DOC] Escape backslash in String#tr
+	  documentation.  [Fix GH-1063]
+
+Fri Oct 23 00:19:04 2015  yui-knk  <spiketeika@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_collect): [DOC] Fix space of code example of
+	  Array#map.  [Fix GH-1062]
+
+Thu Oct 22 18:52:53 2015  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_f_loop): When a loop is stopped by a StopIteration
+	  exception, return what the enumerator has returned instead of
+	  nil. [ruby-core:71133] [Feature #11498]
+
+Thu Oct 22 18:25:10 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb (idle): add a new argument timeout for keep-alive.
+	  [ruby-core:63693] [Bug #10031]
+
+Thu Oct 22 15:30:08 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_peephole_optimize): peephole optimization for
+	  branchnil jumps.
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): generate save navigation operator
+	  code.
+
+	* insns.def (branchnil): new opcode to pop the tos and branch if
+	  it is nil.
+
+	* parse.y (NEW_QCALL, call_op, parser_yylex): parse token '.?'.
+	  [Feature #11537]
+
+Thu Oct 22 13:16:19 2015  Guilherme Reis Campos  <guilhermekbsa@gmail.com>
+
+	* dir.c (ruby_brace_expand): glob brace expansion edge case fix.
+	  When there are closing braces '}' before a open brace '{' it
+	  must be ignored and considered as literal.
+	  [ruby-core:71138] [Bug #11609]
+
+Thu Oct 22 13:13:49 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (argf_next_argv): check ARGV element type, and try
+	  conversion if necessary.  [ruby-core:71140] [Bug #11610]
+
+Thu Oct 22 11:11:16 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/net/ftp/test_ftp.rb: add tests for getbinaryfile and
+	  gettextfile.
+
+Wed Oct 21 18:34:06 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_magic_comment): allow a sole magic comment without
+	  indicators, neither other non-space comments.  [Feature #8976]
+
+Tue Oct 20 12:17:56 2015  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/prime.rb: Add basic argument checking to Prime.prime?
+	  [Bug #11606]
+
+Tue Oct 20 12:17:50 2015  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/prime.rb: Optimize Integer#prime?
+	  Patch by Nick Slocum [Bug #10354]
+
+Tue Oct 20 08:12:47 2015  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: pthread_getattr_np is broken on AIX.
+	  More specifically, the stack address and size returned are
+	  not correct.
+
+Tue Oct 20 05:54:46 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/closure.c (callback): static function
+
+Mon Oct 19 10:33:46 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_raise_socket_error): get rid of a glibc
+	  bug.  [ruby-core:71100] [Bug #11600]
+
+Mon Oct 19 01:26:26 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_identical_p): not necessary to compare the paths after
+	  comparing the file indexes on Windows.  designate by kosaki.
+
+Sun Oct 18 21:17:27 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/open-uri.rb: Specify frozen_string_literal: true.
+
+Sun Oct 18 14:37:56 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* random.c (fill_random_bytes_urandom): add a comment why using
+	  O_NONBLOCK and O_NOCTTY.
+
+Sun Oct 18 13:24:17 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* random.c (fill_random_bytes_syscall): use ATOMIC_SET() for
+	  updating try_syscall.
+
+Sun Oct 18 13:03:52 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/backward/util.h: Good-by Borland-C.
+
+Sun Oct 18 13:03:09 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* common.mk: add a comment how to use "make test-all"
+
+Sun Oct 18 12:59:22 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* common.mk: add comments how to use "make benchmark"
+
+Sun Oct 18 12:58:15 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/securerandom.rb: Specify frozen_string_literal: true.
+
+Sun Oct 18 11:22:52 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* dln.c: remove defined(__WATCOMC__).
+
+Sun Oct 18 11:16:33 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb: Good-by Borland-C.
+
+Sun Oct 18 11:04:36 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* numeric.c: Good-by Borland-C.
+	* include/ruby/backward/rubyio.h: ditto.
+	* include/ruby/backward/st.h: ditto.
+	* include/ruby/backward/util.h: ditto.
+	* include/ruby/backward/rubysig.h: ditto.
+	* include/ruby/backward/classext.h: ditto.
+	* dln.c: ditto.
+	* gc.c: ditto.
+	* win32/resource.rb: ditto.
+	* win32/dir.h: ditto.
+	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c: ditto.
+	* NEWS: announce that Borland-C is no longer supported.
+
+Sun Oct 18 10:54:52 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* dln.c: simplify #ifdef. _WIN32 and __CYGWIN__ are exclusive.
+	  see include/ruby/defines.h
+	* gc.c: ditto.
+	* ext/sdbm/_sdbm.c: ditto.
+
+Sun Oct 18 10:42:19 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ruby.c (open_load_file): add a comment.
+
+Sun Oct 18 10:12:46 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_identical_p): simplify ifdefs
+
+Sun Oct 18 10:01:40 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ChangeLog: Good-bye OS/2.
+	* common.mk: ditto.
+	* configure.in: ditto.
+	* dln_find.c: ditto.
+	* ext/Setup.emx: ditto.
+	* ext/extmk.rb: ditto.
+	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: ditto.
+	* ext/zlib/extconf.rb: ditto.
+	* file.c: ditto.
+	* include/ruby/defines.h: ditto.
+	* io.c: ditto.
+	* lib/mkmf.rb: ditto.
+	* missing/os2.c: ditto.
+	* process.c: ditto.
+	* ruby.c: ditto.
+	* NEWS: announce OS/2 is no longer supported.
+
+Sun Oct 18 08:50:15 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/defines.h (DOSISH): add comments.
+
+Sun Oct 18 08:26:51 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (fptr_finalize): don't release gvl if fptr is not writable.
+	  writable fd may block on close(2) when it's on NFS. But readonly
+	  fd doesn't. [Bug #11559]
+	  result: make benchmark OPTS="-p bm_require_t -e ruby-trunk -e ruby-2.2.2"
+	    build-ruby:             0.171
+	    ruby 2.3.0dev(r52151):  0.659
+	    ruby 2.2.0p95 (r50295): 0.834
+
+Sun Oct 18 09:32:58 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* file.c (ruby_is_fd_loadable): this should be fail if st_mode is
+	  not regular file nor FIFO.
+
+Sun Oct 18 09:20:17 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ruby.c (open_load_file): use rb_thread_wait_fd() instead of reopen.
+
+Sun Oct 18 05:11:22 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ruby.c (open_load_file): reset O_NONBLOCK after open.
+	  Even if S_ISREG() is true, the file may be file on FUSE filesystem
+	  or something. We can't assume O_NONBLOCK is safe.
+	  Moreover, we should wait if the path is point to FIFO. That's
+	  FIFO semantics. GVL should be transparent from ruby script.
+	  Thus, just reopen without O_NONBLOCK for filling the requirements.
+	  [Bug #11060][Bug #11559]
+
+	* ruby.c (loadopen_func): new for the above.
+
+	* file.c (ruby_is_fd_loadable): new. for checks loadable file type
+	  of not.
+	* file.c (rb_file_load_ok): use ruby_is_fd_loadble()
+	* internal.h: add ruby_is_fd_loadble()
+
+	* common.mk: now, ruby.o depend on thread.h.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_require.rb
+	(TestRequire#test_loading_fifo_threading_success): new test.
+	  This test successful case that loading from FIFO.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_require.rb
+	(TestRequire#test_loading_fifo_threading_raise): rename from
+	  test_loading_fifo_threading. You shouldn't rescue an exception
+	  if you test raise or not.
+	  Moreover, this case should be caught IOError because load(FIFO)
+	  should be blocked until given any input.
+
+Sat Oct 17 13:55:32 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_expand_path_internal): concatenate converted
+	  string to the result instead of making converted string and
+	  append it.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_cat_conv_enc_opts): from rb_str_conv_enc_opts,
+	  separate function to concatenate with transcoding.
+
+Sat Oct 17 13:19:10 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (load_file): unify each preparations and clean-ups by
+	  merging load_file_internal and load_file_internal2, and remove
+	  nested rb_protect and rb_ensure.
+
+Sat Oct 17 05:28:32 2015  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_symbol.rb (test_symbol_fstr_leak): add a warm-up
+	  code and check RSS to avoid false positive on AIX and false
+	  negative on Mac OS X. [Bug #10686]
+
+Fri Oct 16 15:54:37 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_load_ok): open in non-blocking mode withoout
+	  releasing GVL.  don't care about others than regular files and
+	  directories.  [ruby-dev:49272] [Bug #11559]
+
+	* ruby.c (load_file_internal): ditto.
+
+Thu Oct 15 23:56:03 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_sym_to_proc): make void env.
+
+Thu Oct 15 13:37:23 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_sym_to_proc): move from string.c and create a Proc
+	  with no environments.  [ruby-core:71088] [Bug #11594]
+
+Thu Oct 15 01:57:03 2015  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb
+	  (test_trace_object_allocations_start_stop_clear): clear object
+	  allocation table first to get rid of erroneous detection for obj3.
+	  [ruby-dev:49095] [Bug #11271]
+
+Thu Oct 15 01:53:38 2015  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ostruct/test_ostruct.rb: Add tests for OpenStruct#respond_to.
+	  Patch by @jeremy in [GH-1041]: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/1041
+
+Thu Oct 15 01:49:25 2015  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/ostruct.rb: Finish defining OpenStruct attributes lazily.
+	  Patch by @sferik in [GH-1037]: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/1037
+	  This commit is an addendum to https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/1033.
+	  It:
+	  1. lazily defines attribute accessors for copied and marshaled objects,
+	  2. returns nil when an attribute reader is not defined, and
+	  3. defines respond_to_missing? to maintain the same respond_to? behavior
+
+Wed Oct 14 16:56:50 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: check for libunwind.h, which is not available in
+	  very old OS X SDK.  [ruby-core:71080] [Bug #11591]
+
+Wed Oct 14 14:11:42 2015  Brian Black  <bblack@veracode.com>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_insn_operand_intern): change kw in callinfo disasm from the
+	  number of keyword arguments to an ordered list of the keywords used.
+	  [Feature #11589]
+
+Wed Oct 14 13:58:44 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_nextc): send a warning to ripper, not to STDERR
+	  always.
+
+	* parse.y (rb_warn1, rb_warning1): move argument conversions to
+	  callers.  PRIsVALUE is not valid in String#%.
+
+Wed Oct 14 13:37:23 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/racc/rdoc/grammar.en.rdoc: fix spell error.
+	  [fix GH-1053][ci skip] Patch by @Matrixbirds
+
+Tue Oct 13 22:06:50 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (rsock_fd_family): Check sa_len.
+
+Tue Oct 13 12:14:10 2015  Craig Davison  <craig65535@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/socket/rsock_addrinfo (rsock_addrinfo): specify address
+	  family.  [Fix GH-1052]
+
+	* ext/socket/udpsocket.c (udp_connect, udp_bind, udp_send):
+	  address family by the receiver.
+
+Sun Oct 11 07:09:19 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_push_frame): initialize other than sp (and ep)
+	  first for performance.
+
+Sun Oct 11 06:21:50 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_eval.c, internal.h (rb_yield_1): added for performance which
+	  doesn't check Qundef.
+
+	* numeric.c (int_dotimes): use rb_yield_1.
+
+Sun Oct 11 06:19:49 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_iseq_setup_normal): setup sp first
+	  for performance.
+
+Sun Oct 11 05:29:51 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (invoke_block_from_c): split this function into several
+	  functions.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_yield_callee_setup_arg): remove this function
+	  because it is only delegation function.
+
+Sun Oct 11 03:48:46 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (newobj_of_slowpass): fix typo (pass -> path).
+	  Pointed out by Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>.
+
+	* gc.c (newobj_of_...): `of' is unnecessary.
+
+Sat Oct 10 19:04:42 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/udpsocket.c (udp_connect, udp_bind): get open files
+	  inside ensure functions.
+
+Sat Oct 10 18:35:12 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method0): do not propagate enable_fastpath,
+	  but pass dummy CC to prevent wrong caching.
+
+Sat Oct 10 15:28:45 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* import a github pull request
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/1050
+	  by Kazuho Oku <kazuho@natadeco.co>.
+
+	  This pull request has the following commits.
+
+	* gc.c: reduce # of args to 6 (max. of register args on x86-64) so
+	  that the `newobj_of_slowpass` can be called via TCO.
+
+	* gc.c (newobj_of), string.c (str_duplicate): for performance,
+	  the hot functions must be inlined.
+
+	* gc.c: for performance, preceding arguments of `.*newobj_of.*`
+	  must be same, so that the arg registers can be reused in case of
+	  TCO.
+
+Sat Oct 10 08:52:21 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/udpsocket.c (udp_connect, udp_bind, udp_send): fix
+	  memory leaks at closed socket.
+
+Fri Oct  9 17:29:07 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (parse257): refactor.
+
+Fri Oct  9 16:42:26 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb: use frozen_string_literal: true.
+
+	* test/net/imap/test_imap.rb: ditto.
+
+	* test/net/imap/test_imap_response_parser.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Oct  9 15:52:28 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb: use frozen_string_literal: true.
+
+	* test/net/ftp/test_buffered_socket.rb: ditto.
+
+	* test/net/ftp/test_ftp.rb: ditto.
+
+	* test/net/ftp/test_mlsx_entry.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Oct  9 14:12:35 2015  Shota Fukumori (sora_h)  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb: Revert r52082 because it was
+	  dropping TLS v1.1 support too. Supporting only TLS v1.2 is too
+	  early, because many popular websites still don't support it.
+
+	  For instance, Servers where aws-sdk connects to still don't support
+	  TLS v1.2 and it became broken.
+
+	  We should consider more carefully about this.
+
+	  [Fix GH-873] [Feature #11524]
+
+Fri Oct  9 12:52:08 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): Dynamic string literals (e.g.,
+	  "#{x}") should not be frozen because they don't literally
+	  represent strings.
+	  https://twitter.com/shugomaeda/status/651937650027401216
+	  https://twitter.com/yukihiro_matz/status/651942882312482817
+	  https://twitter.com/yukihiro_matz/status/651980835181096960
+
+Fri Oct  9 06:52:49 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* benchmark/prepare_require.rb: skip file creation if it already
+	  exist. Suggested by ko1.
+
+Fri Oct  9 06:18:04 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+	* benchmark/bm_require.rb: new benchmark for require.
+	* benchmark/bm_require_thread.rb: new benchmark for conflicting
+	  require vs thread. like [Bug #11559]
+	* prepare_require.rb: new file for preparing above tests.
+	* prepare_require.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu Oct  8 14:10:45 2015  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb: Default to TLSv1.2 and drop TLS v1
+	  Patch provided by @claudijd [Fixes GH-873] [Feature #11524]:
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/873
+
+Wed Oct  7 22:55:02 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/minitest/metametameta.rb (with_output): restore output to
+	  fix mixing test result output in worker responses.
+
+Wed Oct  7 21:32:51 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (str_duplicate): move from rb_str_resurrect to short
+	  circuit initialization.
+
+Wed Oct  7 20:43:14 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_resurrect): fix resurrection of short enough to
+	  be embedded but not embedded string.
+
+Wed Oct  7 20:17:29 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (newobj_of): divide fast path and slow path
+	  to avoid register savings for fast path.
+
+	  This idea is given by Kazuho Oku <kazuho@natadeco.co>.
+
+Wed Oct  7 17:30:50 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_times): optimize for the argument 0 and 1.
+
+Wed Oct  7 01:20:46 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.h, gc.c: introduce new debug function rb_obj_info_dump(VALUE obj)
+	  which prints the result of rb_raw_obj_info(..., obj).
+
+Wed Oct  7 01:16:11 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_args.c: remove an unused field args_info::calling.
+
+Tue Oct  6 23:43:10 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_method_entry_min_max_arity): should support
+	  OPTIMIZED_METHOD_TYPE_CALL.
+
+Tue Oct  6 21:29:08 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/tmpdir.rb (Dir.tmpdir): return duplicated string to be
+	  modify safely even when $SAFE > 0.
+
+Tue Oct  6 19:24:38 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method0): use switch() for visibilities
+	  (for readability).
+
+Tue Oct  6 19:23:58 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* proc.c (Init_Proc): Proc#call and others should be public.
+
+Tue Oct  6 18:51:51 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: IMEMO_FL_USER3 and IMEMO_FL_USER4 is not needed any more.
+
+Tue Oct  6 18:47:45 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: remove METHOD_ENTRY_SAFE(me) and related code
+	  because $SAFE = 3 and 4 is not available.
+	  Now, $SAFE is not checked on method dispatch at all.
+
+	* vm_eval.c, vm_insnhelper.c, vm_method.c: ditto.
+
+Tue Oct  6 13:56:14 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: turn function macros into inline functions,
+	  for debuggers.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: turn constant macros into enums, for
+	  debuggers.
+
+Tue Oct  6 13:48:05 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* method.h: typo fix. Patch by @davydovanton [fix GH-1032][ci skip]
+
+Tue Oct  6 06:54:34 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_free): free iseq::variable_body to avoid memory
+	  leak.
+
+Tue Oct  6 06:32:52 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* proc.c: enable optimization of Proc#call.
+	  [Feature #11569]
+
+	* NEWS: write about this optimization and incompatibilities.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_backtrace.rb: catch up this fix.
+
+Tue Oct  6 04:41:03 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: solve goto spaghetti.
+
+	  Change all goto statement across blocks to tail call functions.
+
+Tue Oct  6 02:29:38 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_resurrect): optimize by short circuit to copy
+	  hidden string without checking length, encoding and so on.
+
+Mon Oct  5 23:08:17 2015  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_handle_interrupt_blocking): check if
+	  exception handling was postponed until sleep.
+
+Mon Oct  5 22:25:49 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/pp.rb: Use frozen_string_literal: true.
+
+	* lib/prettyprint.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* lib/tmpdir.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/test_pp.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/test_prettyprint.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* tool/transcode-tblgen.rb: Ditto.
+
+Mon Oct  5 20:39:32 2015  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb: fix potential race condition.
+	  The thread could have a "sleep" status because it tries
+	  to acquire the mutex, but does not have it yet.
+
+Mon Oct  5 15:39:30 2015  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c: [DOC] Overview for Numeric class by Joe Corcoran
+	  This patch was created at ROSSConf Berlin 2015 [Bug #11555]
+
+Mon Oct  5 15:34:56 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (proc_new): link ep to calling block.
+	  [ruby-core:70980] [Bug #11566]
+
+Mon Oct  5 00:53:51 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (rb_dir_getwd): make ASCII-8BIT if filesystem encoding is
+	  US-ASCII, like as Dir.glob.
+
+Sun Oct  4 23:39:09 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enum.c (nmin_filter): Fix limit value.
+	  patch by Helder Pereira.
+	  [Bug #11471] [ruby-core:70477]
+
+Sun Oct  4 15:11:48 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/euc_jp.c (mbc_case_fold): check given string is valid or not,
+	  and if invalid, return 1. [Bug #11486]
+
+Sun Oct  4 10:09:57 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (rb_dir_getwd): normalize OS path to UTF-8 on OS X.
+
+Sun Oct  4 00:09:45 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* template/ruby-runner.c.in: wrapper to set dynamic loading path
+	  environment variable.  /bin/sh on Mac OS X 10.11 (El Capitan)
+	  clears DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH.
+
+	  it must:
+	  - do nothing even if current directory is not present
+	  - do not set other environment variables, e.g. PWD, SHLVL, etc
+	  - do not open other FDs, e.g. pipes for timer thread
+
+Sun Oct 2 10:59:00 2015  schneems  <richard.schneeman@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb: freeze string literals for
+	  reduced object allocation.
+	  [Feature #11375] [ruby-core:70043]
+
+Fri Oct  2 09:20:20 2015  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* common.mk, lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb: Change Unicode
+	  Version for character normalization data from 7.0.0 to
+	  8.0.0.
+
+Fri Oct  2 00:18:39 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (proc_mark): block.ep of Proc from Symbol is now NULL.
+	  [ruby-core:70961] [Bug #11560]
+
+Wed Sep 30 15:47:13 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_args.c (vm_caller_setup_arg_block): bypass Symbol#to_proc
+	  call to optimize symbol block passing.
+
+Wed Sep 30 01:34:34 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_free): fix memory leak at syntax error when
+	  warn-indent is enabled.
+
+Tue Sep 29 22:27:50 2015  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* parse.y: fix minor typo. [ci skip][fix GH-1038].
+	  Patch by @ltratt.
+
+Tue Sep 29 16:53:53 2015  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* tool/unicode_norm_gen.tmpl, lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb:
+	  get rid of many .freeze commands by using frozen_string_literal
+	  pragma.
+
+Tue Sep 29 16:37:29 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (compile_dstr_fragments): fix performance by omitting
+	  the first empty string only for keeping literal encoding if
+	  other literals are too.  [ruby-core:70930] [Bug #11556]
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_append_literal): append but keep encoding non
+	  US-ASCII.
+
+Mon Sep 28 17:40:17 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (mtime): use usec instead of fractions to parse
+	  decimal fractions of a second correctly when the number of digits
+	  is not 6.
+
+Mon Sep 28 16:07:08 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (mtime): parse decimal fractions of a second as
+	  specified in RFC 3659.
+
+Mon Sep 28 10:31:12 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/test_forwardable.rb: Write basic tests for lib/forwardable.
+	  [fix GH-1035] Patch by @kachick
+
+Sun Sep 27 23:32:46 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (rb_define_class, rb_define_class_id_under): refine
+	  error messages.
+
+	* class.c (rb_define_module, rb_define_module_id_under): ditto,
+	  and make consistent with class.
+
+Sun Sep 27 18:44:43 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ChangeLog: removed duplicated message.
+
+Sun Sep 27 15:46:58 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (process_options): add an option to enable/disable
+	  frozen-string-literal.  [Feature #8976]
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): override compile option by option
+	  given by pragma.
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_make_compile_option): extract a function to
+	  overwrite rb_compile_option_t.
+
+	* parse.y (parser_set_compile_option_flag): introduce pragma to
+	  override compile options.
+
+	* parse.y (magic_comments): new pragma "frozen-string-literal".
+	  [Feature #8976]
+
+Sun Sep 27 08:16:35 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/ostruct.rb (delete_field): do not raise NameError for
+	  existing keys.  [Fix GH-1033]
+
+Sun Sep 27 00:34:31 2015  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/ostruct.rb: Move method definitions for getter/setter to be lazy
+	  Patch by @sferik in [GH-1033]: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/1033
+
+Fri Sep 25 10:07:25 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb: removed unused variable. It's removed at r13648.
+	  [fix GH-1022] Patch by @nkondratyev
+
+Fri Sep 25 09:48:27 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: upgrade to minitest-5.8.1
+
+Fri Sep 25 09:47:12 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* id_table.c: fix typo. [ci skip][fix GH-1031] Patch @davydovanton
+
+Fri Sep 25 07:54:05 2015  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/gdbm/test_gdbm.rb (TestGDBM#test_s_open_lock): skip
+	  this test on AIX. The issue is the same as on Solaris.
+	  [ruby-dev:47631]
+
+Thu Sep 24 17:25:09 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (paren_args): fix separator token at `foo::bar()` in
+	  ripper.
+
+Thu Sep 24 00:00:17 2015  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* complex.c: ruby/config.h must be included before math.h
+	  because it defines _LARGE_FILES on AIX and _LARGE_FILES
+	  must be defined before sys/types.h is included from math.h.
+	  [Bug #11483]
+
+Wed Sep 23 22:22:38 2015  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12*: Remove svn commit id macro
+
+Wed Sep 23 01:11:28 2015  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/*: Remove svn commit id macros to make sync easier
+
+Tue Sep 22 04:20:01 2015  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
+
+	* test/drb/test_drb.rb: Run Rinda/DRb tests on localhost. [Fix GH-1027]
+	  patch by voxik.
+
+	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb: ditto
+
+Mon Sep 21 20:53:39 2015  tbpgr  <tbpgr@tbpgr.jp>
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_event.rb: fix typo.
+	  swbemsink_avairable? => swbemsink_available?  [Fix GH-1025]
+
+Sun Sep 20 10:07:35 2015  Anton Davydov  <antondavydov.o@gmail.com>
+
+	* cont.c (rb_callcc): [DOC] append continuations example across
+	  methods.  [Fix GH-1026]
+
+Sun Sep 20 03:20:21 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_free): free rb_iseq_t::body::cc_entries.
+
+Sun Sep 20 02:46:34 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: split rb_call_info_t into several structs.
+	  * rb_call_info (ci) has compiled fixed information.
+	  * if ci->flag & VM_CALL_KWARG, then rb_call_info is
+	    also rb_call_info_with_kwarg. This technique reduce one word
+	    for major rb_call_info data.
+	  * rb_calling_info has temporary data (argc, blockptr, recv).
+	    for each method dispatch. This data is allocated only on
+	    machine stack.
+	  * rb_call_cache is for inline method cache.
+
+	  Before this patch, only rb_call_info_t data is passed.
+	  After this patch, above three structs are passed.
+
+	  This patch improves:
+	  * data locality (rb_call_info is now read-only data).
+	  * reduce memory consumption (rb_call_info_with_kwarg,
+	    rb_calling_info).
+
+	* compile.c: use above data.
+
+	* insns.def: ditto.
+
+	* iseq.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_args.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_eval.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h: ditto.
+
+	* iseq.h: add iseq_compile_data::ci_index and
+	  iseq_compile_data::ci_kw_index.
+
+	* tool/instruction.rb: introduce TS_CALLCACHE operand type.
+
+Sun Sep 20 02:18:10 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/envutil.rb: mkfifo command based File.mkfifo method
+	  definition removed.
+
+Fri Sep 18 20:11:11 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_s_mkfifo): implement File.mkfifo.
+	  [Feature #11536]
+
+Fri Sep 18 16:56:19 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: add Net::FTP#mlst and Net::FTP#mlsd.
+
+Fri Sep 18 07:39:22 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c (obj_type): add IMEMO types to the heap
+	  dump information.
+
+Thu Sep 17 22:33:07 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk: fix command error with outside builddir.
+
+Thu Sep 17 17:42:09 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk: separated test for test-framework from test-all task.
+	  They should be invoke at first before tests of test-all.
+
+Thu Sep 17 12:05:54 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_dir.rb (TestDir#test_fileno): s/?x/"x"/. Don't
+	  use tricky code, please.
+
+Wed Sep 16 20:49:56 2015  Masaki Suketa  <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* encindex.h: fix typo of last #endif comment. [ci skip]
+
+Wed Sep 16 20:39:26 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c (set_const_visibility): fail if the class/module is
+	  frozen.  [ruby-core:70828] [Bug #11532]
+
+Wed Sep 16 17:16:43 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (ENABLE_VM_OBJSPACE): enable per-VM object space on
+	  Windows by default, as rb_w32_sysinit() no longer depends on
+	  ruby_xmalloc.
+
+Wed Sep 16 15:08:17 2015  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* doc/syntax/literals.rdoc (Strings): [DOC] Revise the character
+	  literal part.
+
+Wed Sep 16 14:55:33 2015  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* doc/syntax/literals.rdoc (Strings): [DOC] Document the full list
+	  of supported escape sequences in string literals.
+
+Wed Sep 16 14:49:58 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_setbyte): keep the code range as possible.
+
+Wed Sep 16 13:23:48 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/syntax/literals.rdoc (Strings): mention about ?a literal.
+
+Wed Sep 16 12:06:53 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* dir.c (glob_helper): check pathtype once again by lstat(2) if
+	  dp->d_type is DT_UNKNOWN. XFS may return DT_UNKNOWN.
+
+Wed Sep 16 03:49:19 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (TestThread#test_mutex_synchronize):
+	  insert waste loop for invoking preemptive thread context switch.
+	  [Bug #11496]
+
+Tue Sep 15 19:38:55 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace_alloc, rb_objspace_free): define always
+	  regardless ENABLE_VM_OBJSPACE, and free heap pages.
+
+Tue Sep 15 15:15:41 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_sysinit, rb_w32_readdir): compare by
+	  encoding index to get rid of encoding initialization before VM
+	  object space allocation.
+
+	* dir.c (fundamental_encoding_p, push_glob): compare by encoding
+	  index immediately.
+
+	* enc/{ascii,us_ascii,utf_8}.c: set encoding indexes of
+	  fundamental built-in encodings so that usable as well as
+	  allocated rb_encoding before rb_enc_init().
+
+	* encindex.h: separate encoding index constants from internal.h.
+
+Tue Sep 15 13:13:13 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_sort_bang, rb_ary_sort): [DOC] correct block
+	  return values, which may be a negative or positive integer, not
+	  only -1 or +1.
+
+Tue Sep 15 12:49:10 2015  Jason Barnabe  <jason.barnabe@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_sort_bang, rb_ary_sort): [DOC] Correct
+	  description of array sort block return values.  And also fix up
+	  the grammar a bit.  [Fix GH-1020]
+
+Tue Sep 15 12:44:32 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* util.c (ruby_qsort): use BSD-style qsort_r if available.
+
+Mon Sep 14 19:26:34 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (parse_mlsx_entry): parse pathnames including
+	  space correctly.
+
+Mon Sep 14 11:12:10 2015  Anton Davydov  <antondavydov.o@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/racc/rdoc/grammar.en.rdoc: [DOC] fix typo, "convertion" to
+	  "conversion".  [Fix GH-1016]
+
+Sun Sep 13 11:03:13 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: prefix RUBY or RB to global symbols to get
+	  rid of name conflicts with other headers.
+
+	* include/ruby/encoding.h, include/ruby/intern.h: ditto.
+
+Sun Sep 13 09:38:51 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (size, modify, create, type, unique, perm, lang,
+	  media_type, charset): new methods to return standard facts.
+
+Sat Sep 12 19:43:49 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_iseq_setup_normal): do not clear local
+	  variables here. vm_push_frame() clears.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_iseq_setup_tailcall): ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_push_frame): move check code to
+	  vm_check_frame().
+
+	  Reorder initialization timing to reuse same values (sp).
+
+	* compile.c (rb_iseq_compile_node): use
+	  iseq_set_exception_local_table() for ISEQ_TYPE_DEFINED_GUARD.
+
+Sat Sep 12 23:06:51 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (file?, directory?, appendable?, creatable?,
+	  deletable?, enterable?, renamable?, listable?, directory_makable?,
+	  purgeable?, readable?, writable?): new methods.
+
+Sat Sep 12 21:27:22 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (FACT_PARSERS): support system dependent facts
+	  UNIX.mode, UNIX.owner, UNIX.group, UNIX.ctime, and UNIX.atime.
+
+Sat Sep 12 19:08:58 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_dup2): should return the new fd on
+	  success, while msvcrt returns 0 wrongly.
+
+Sat Sep 12 18:14:11 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (parse_mlsx_entry, mlst) raise an FTPProtoError
+	  when parsing failed.
+
+Sat Sep 12 18:00:35 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (TIME_PARSER): use "Z" instead of "+00:00" to
+	  get UTC time.  Thanks, Wilson Bilkovich.
+
+Sat Sep 12 17:55:24 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (mlst, mlsd): support new commands MLST and MLSD
+	  specified in RFC 3659.
+
+Sat Sep 12 16:14:31 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c: access()/eaccess() wrapping methods check more than just uid.
+	  [fix GH-1007][ci skip] Patch by @eam
+
+Sat Sep 12 16:07:01 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* README.md: improve markdown rendering for readability.
+	  [fix GH-1015][ci skip] Patch by @Matrixbirds
+
+Sat Sep 12 14:30:03 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (save_redirect_fd): make saved FDs close-on-exec not
+	  to be inherited.
+
+	* process.c (run_exec_dup2): restore close-on-exec flags too.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (fcntl): implement F_GETFD, F_SETFD, and
+	  F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC.
+
+Sat Sep 12 05:35:24 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* rational.c (string_to_r_strict): preserve encoding in exception
+
+Fri Sep 11 20:23:35 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: remove rb_call_info_t::aux.opt_pc.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: introduce shortcut functions for opt_pc == 0
+	  because opt_pc is always 0 on shortcut function.
+
+Fri Sep 11 17:49:36 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c: disable ISeq.load. It enabled accidentally at r51794.
+
+Fri Sep 11 11:15:12 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (size, mdtm, system): parse responses according to
+	  RFC 959 and 3659, where reply codes must be followed by SP.
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (system): remove LF from the return value.
+
+Thu Sep 10 22:48:49 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (literal_concat_gen, evstr2dstr_gen): keep literal
+	  encoding beginning with an interpolation same as the source file
+	  encoding.  [ruby-core:70703] [Bug #11519]
+
+Thu Sep 10 22:15:51 2015  Joe Rafaniello  <jrafanie@redhat.com>
+
+	* process.c (rb_f_spawn): Be more specific regarding "other
+	  values" by having "non-zero positive integers" Add nil, the
+	  default value, as a possible value and what it means.
+
+	  Try to use more consistent language.
+	  [Fix GH-1008]
+
+Thu Sep 10 15:16:02 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (getmultiline): refactor.
+
+Thu Sep 10 12:17:28 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_build_from_ary_body): register cdhash to the
+	  iseq constant body instead of compile time mark array, not to
+	  get GCed.  [ruby-core:70708] [Feature #8543]
+
+Wed Sep  9 18:16:14 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/stub_specification.rb (Gem::StubSpecification#data):
+	  should not change the value of $. when `require`ing gems.
+	  this fixed test failures introduced by r51813.
+
+Wed Sep  9 16:55:45 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (usage, enable_option, disable_option, process_options): new
+	  option `--disable-did_you_mean`.
+
+	* gem_prelude.rb: now requires did_you_mean gem by default if available.
+
+Wed Sep  9 13:38:56 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/extlibs.rb (do_patch): let "patch" command change the
+	  working directory and open the patch file there, instead of
+	  spawn options, so that proper error message will be shown by the
+	  command not just "chdir" or "open".
+
+Wed Sep  9 11:33:05 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (update-gems): use BASERUBY instead of RUNRUBY.
+
+Wed Sep  9 11:08:59 2015  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/delegate.rb: Remove backtrace cleaning for delegated methods
+	  This patch was provided by Rafael Franca and greatly improves
+	  performance when an exception is raised. [Bug #11461]
+
+Wed Sep  9 10:05:41 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_config.rb: fix broken tests for Windows platform.
+
+Wed Sep  9 07:46:32 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems: Update to RubyGems HEAD(fe61e4c112).
+	  this version contains new feature that warn invalid SPDX license
+	  identifiers. https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/1249
+	  and #1032, #1023, #1332, #1328, #1306, #1321, #1324
+	* test/rubygems: ditto.
+
+Tue Sep  8 23:17:36 2015  Yuki Nishijima  <mail@yukinishijima.net>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: Upgrade the did_you_mean gem to 1.0.0.beta2.
+
+Tue Sep  8 23:09:28 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_s_popen): do not wait the child process during being
+	  killed.  [ruby-core:70671] [Bug #11510]
+
+Tue Sep  8 22:18:04 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: revert because ruby trunk never be able to install
+	  the did_you_mean gem.  retry after enough test.
+
+Tue Sep  8 21:48:22 2015  Yuki Nishijima  <mail@yukinishijima.net>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: Automatically install the did_you_mean gem
+	  as a bundled gem.  [Feature #11252]
+
+Tue Sep  8 17:17:48 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: remove rb_call_info_t::blockiseq.
+
+	* insns.def (send, invokesuper): pass blockiseq explicitly.
+
+	* compile.c: catch up this fix.
+
+	* iseq.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_args.c: ditto.
+
+	* iseq.c (ISEQ_MINOR_VERSION): 2->3 because instruction spec was
+	  changed.
+
+Tue Sep  8 15:01:19 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (list): fetch all the lines before yielding a block
+	  to allow other commands in the block.  [Feature #11454]
+	  Patched by Srikanth Shreenivas.
+
+Tue Sep  8 12:05:00 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_read_reparse_point): return correct required
+	  buffer size for IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT.
+
+Tue Sep  8 00:14:43 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (rb_execarg_parent_start1): raise with the target path
+	  name when open() failed.
+
+Mon Sep  7 23:45:28 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (rb_exec_fail): raise with the target directory name
+	  when chdir() failed.  pointed out by sorah.
+
+Mon Sep  7 22:05:28 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (insert): should use plain strdup() instead of
+	  ruby_strdup() at startup time, and plain free()ed in cmdglob().
+
+Mon Sep  7 16:49:30 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_struct): define objspace always regardless
+	  ENABLE_VM_OBJSPACE.
+
+Mon Sep  7 15:54:58 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby_atomic.h (ATOMIC_VALUE_CAS): fix typo.
+	  TODO: make arguments of all CAS macros consistent.
+
+Sun Sep  6 16:07:22 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ccan/list/list.h: suppress unused argument warnings
+	  [ccan commit 6aaca17e07588997417a73fac19dcf0ff17ed81b]
+
+Sat Sep  5 11:39:52 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rss/rss.rb (Time#w3cdtf): fix zero-trimmed width of fraction
+	  digits.  [ruby-core:70667] [Bug #11509]
+
+Sat Sep  5 08:28:58 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_equal, rb_hash_eql): [DOC] the orders of each
+	  hashes are not compared.  [Bug #11508]
+
+Fri Sep  4 23:26:22 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/win32.h: fix macro name for VC runtime version,
+	  RT_VER is only in Makefile.
+
+Fri Sep  4 17:46:17 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/contributing.rdoc: fix configuration option.
+	  [ci skip] [fix GH-1009]
+
+Fri Sep  4 04:46:54 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_memsize): functions for wrapper object should have
+	  iseqw_ prefix.
+
+Thu Sep  3 21:12:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/cgi/session.rb (create_new_id): use SHA512 instead of MD5.
+	  pointed out by SARWAR JAHAN.
+
+Thu Sep  3 20:29:18 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_raw_obj_info): iseq->body->location.first_lineno is Fixnum.
+
+Thu Sep  3 17:54:26 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (raise_method_missing): "names" should be singular.
+	  pointed out by Filip Bartuzi.
+
+Thu Sep  3 17:50:09 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_raw_obj_info): should support IMEMO/iseq.
+
+Thu Sep  3 10:07:49 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (raise_method_missing): refine error messages when a
+	  symbol is not given.  [Fix GH-1013]
+
+Wed Sep  2 18:49:55 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/psych/*: merge psych master(8737e5b). It contains following fixes.
+	  https://github.com/tenderlove/psych/pull/242
+	  https://github.com/tenderlove/psych/pull/246 [ruby-list:50219]
+	* test/psych/*: ditto.
+
+Wed Sep  2 18:04:13 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h (GET_PC_COUNT): remove unused macro.
+
+Wed Sep  2 17:18:37 2015  Chris Schneider  <chris@christopher-schneider.com>
+
+	* process.c (proc_detach): [DOC] fix typo "intent" as "intend" in
+	  rdoc.  [Fix GH-1011]
+
+Wed Sep  2 16:58:21 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_realpath_internal): use filesystem encoding if the
+	  argument is in ASCII encodings.
+
+	* win32/file.c (rb_readlink): needs the result encoding.
+
+Tue Sep  1 18:37:15 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/thread/test_queue.rb: catch up last commit.
+
+Tue Sep  1 18:16:32 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread_sync.c (queue_do_close): ignore multiple close to allow
+	  multiple producers.
+	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/10600#note-14
+
+Tue Sep  1 18:06:26 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread_tools.c: rename thread_tools.c to thread_sync.c.
+
+Mon Aug 31 17:04:45 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* class.c (move_refined_method): should insert a write barrier
+	  from an original class to a created (cloned) method entry.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: add a test.
+
+Sun Aug 30 02:42:22 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_method_tab): Only add SSLv3 support
+	  if the SSL library supports it.  Thanks Kurt Roeckx <kurt@roeckx.be>
+	  [Bug #11376]
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: check for SSLv3 support in the SSL
+	  implementation.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb (class OpenSSL): Skip tests that need SSLv3
+	  if there is no support.
+
+Fri Aug 28 16:05:09 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/*: Update rdoc master(cfffed5)
+	  https://github.com/rdoc/rdoc/pull/337
+	  https://github.com/rdoc/rdoc/pull/367
+
+Fri Aug 28 10:16:20 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (hook_before_rewind): prevent kicking :return event while
+	  finishing vm_exec func because invoke_block_from_c() kick a :return
+	  event for bmethods.
+	  [Bug #11492]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test.
+
+Thu Aug 27 18:05:42 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/server.rb: use IO::NULL instead of '/dev/null'
+	* test/ruby/test_string.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu Aug 27 15:24:57 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_set_sequence): rename variable names
+	  to make it readable.
+
+Thu Aug 27 07:45:34 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread_tools.c: add Queue#close(exception=false) and
+	  SizedQueue#close(exception=false).
+	  [Feature #10600]
+
+	  Trying to deq from a closed empty queue return nil
+	  if exception parameter equals to false (default).
+
+	  If exception parameter is truthy, it raises
+	  ClosedQueueError (< StopIteration).
+	  ClosedQueueError inherits StopIteration so that you can write:
+
+	    loop{ e = q.deq; (using e) }
+
+	  Trying to close a closed queue raises ClosedQueueError.
+
+	  Blocking threads to wait deq for Queue and SizedQueue will be
+	  restarted immediately by returning nil (exception=false) or
+	  raising a ClosedQueueError (exception=true).
+
+	  Blocking threads to wait enq for SizedQueue will be
+	  restarted by raising a ClosedQueueError immediately.
+
+	  The above specification is not proposed specification, so that
+	  we need to continue discussion to conclude specification this
+	  method.
+
+	* test/thread/test_queue.rb: add tests originally written by
+	  John Anderson and modify detailed behavior.
+
+Wed Aug 26 10:52:02 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (rb_memsearch_wchar, rb_memsearch_qchar): test matching
+	  till the end of string.  [ruby-core:70592] [Bug #11488]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_m17n.rb (test_include?, test_index): add tests by
+	  Tom Stuart.
+
+Wed Aug 26 09:26:00 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* id_table.c (list_table_extend, hash_table_extend): remove C99
+	  features.  [ruby-dev:49239] [Bug #11487]
+
+Tue Aug 25 06:34:43 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (w32_symlink): implement symlink().
+
+Mon Aug 24 16:01:19 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* encoding.c (rb_locale_encindex): find encoding index without
+	  making a string object every time.  [ruby-core:58160] [Bug #9080]
+
+Sat Aug 22 15:43:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (check_funcall_failed, check_funcall_missing): cache
+	  results of respond_to? and respond_to_missing?, and search a
+	  public method only for compatibility with rb_respond_to.
+
+Sat Aug 22 08:23:32 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/thread/thread.c: move definitions of Queue, SizedQueue
+	  and ConditionalVariables to thread_tools.c. In other words,
+	  such classes are built-in.
+	  [Feature #8919]
+
+	  At first, I planned to embed only a Queue class.
+	  However, rubygems requires 'thread.rb' (rubygems are
+	  required at first, when launch MRI without --disable-gems).
+	  So most of people require 'thread.rb' as an embedded library.
+
+	  Now, ext/thread/thread.c is empty, only for a dummy for
+	  compatibility.
+
+	* thread.c: move a definition of Mutex class to thread_tools.c.
+
+	  And define Mutex class under Thread (so now Mutex is Thread::Mutex).
+	  Because other thread related classes are also defined under Thread.
+	  We remain ::Mutex as Thread::Mutex. Only an inspect result is changed.
+
+	* common.mk: add dependency from thread.o to thread_tools.c.
+
+Sat Aug 22 05:31:37 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_opts.h, iseq.c, iseq.h: add compile option to force frozen
+	  string literals.
+	  [Feature #11473]
+
+	  This addition is not specification change, but to try frozen
+	  string literal world discussed on [Feature #11473].
+
+	  You can try frozen string literal world using this magical line:
+
+	    RubyVM::InstructionSequence.compile_option =
+	      {frozen_string_literal: true}
+
+	  Note that this is a global compilation option, so that you need to
+	  compile another script like that:
+
+	    p 'foo'.frozen? #=> false
+	    RubyVM::InstructionSequence.compile_option =
+	      {frozen_string_literal: true}
+	    p 'foo'.frozen? #=> false, because this line is already compiled.
+	    p eval("'foo'.frozen?") #=> true
+
+	  Details:
+	    * String literals are deduped by rb_fstring().
+	    * Dynamic string literals ("...#{xyz}...") is now only frozen,
+	      not deduped. Maybe you have other ideas.
+
+	  Now, please do not use this option on your productions :)
+	  Of course, current specification can be changed.
+
+	* compile.c: ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_iseq.rb: add a test.
+
+Sat Aug 22 02:53:12 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/psych/*: update to Psych 2.0.14
+
+	* test/psych/*: ditto
+
+Fri Aug 21 19:58:48 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c: add a new method ObjectSpace.count_symbols.
+	  [Feature #11158]
+
+	* symbol.c (rb_sym_immortal_count): added to count immortal symbols.
+
+	* symbol.h: ditto.
+
+	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb: add a test for this method.
+
+	* NEWS: describe about this method.
+
+Fri Aug 21 19:48:17 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub ($(LIBRUBY_SO)): needs additional libraries
+	  for extension libraries to link statically.
+	  [ruby-core:70499] [Feature #9018]
+
+Fri Aug 21 18:49:22 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h, cont.c, vm_trace.c: add a new event
+	  fiber_switch. We need more discussion about this feature
+	  so that I don't write it on NEWS.
+	  [Feature #11348]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add tests.
+
+Fri Aug 21 17:32:42 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_invoke_block): we should not expect ci->argc is
+	  stable after invoking a block. [Bug #11451]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_yield.rb: add a test. This test script is given by
+	  Alex Dowad.
+
+Fri Aug 21 06:35:50 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb: Fix tests so that they take in to
+	  account OpenSSL installations that have SSLv3 disabled by default.
+	  Thanks Jeremy Evans <code@jeremyevans.net> for the patches.
+	  [Bug #11366] [Bug #11367]
+
+Thu Aug 20 22:19:17 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (basic_obj_respond_to): call respond_to_missing?
+	  only when redefined.  [ruby-core:70460] [Bug #11465]
+
+Thu Aug 20 14:13:27 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (check_funcall_respond_to): share the behavior with
+	  rb_obj_respond_to.  [ruby-core:70460] [Bug #11465]
+
+	* vm_method.c (vm_respond_to): extract from rb_obj_respond_to and
+	  merge r39881.
+
+Thu Aug 20 08:53:09 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_obj_respond_to): reuse found method entry
+	  instead of searching same entry repeatedly.
+
+Thu Aug 20 08:31:17 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (replace_real_basename), win32/win32.c (opendir_internal):
+	  check reparse point tags and treat supported tags only as
+	  symbolic links.  [ruby-core:70454] [Bug #11462]
+
+Wed Aug 19 23:59:28 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (module OpenSSL): add OP_ALL to
+	  existing options rather than just setting it.  Some vendors apply
+	  custom patches to their versions of OpenSSL that set default values
+	  for options.  This commit respects the custom patches they've
+	  applied.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb (class OpenSSL): check that OP_ALL has been
+	  added to the options.
+
+Wed Aug 19 23:55:29 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (rb_f_spawn): [DOC] elaborate environment variable
+	  values.  [ruby-core:70456] [Bug #11463]
+
+Wed Aug 19 23:48:06 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (winnt_lstat): check reparse point tags and treat
+	  supported tags only as symbolic links.
+	  [ruby-core:70454] [Bug #11462]
+
+Tue Aug 18 20:05:49 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (reserve_stack): ensure the memory is really
+	  allocated. [Bug #11457]
+
+Tue Aug 18 17:19:21 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (IS_BEG): include labeled argument state, which was
+	  EXPR_LABELARG.  [ruby-dev:49221] [Bug #11456]
+
+Tue Aug 18 16:16:21 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RClass): define only in C, `__attribute__`
+	  between `struct` and the name can't compile with g++.
+	  [ruby-core:70297] [Bug #11426]
+
+Mon Aug 17 20:56:36 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y: fix syntax error at do-block after a conditional
+	  operator.  separate label-allowed and after-a-label states from
+	  others as bit flags.  [ruby-dev:48790] [Bug #10653]
+
+Mon Aug 17 11:57:36 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_each_codepoint): raise an exception at incomplete
+	  character before EOF when conversion takes place.  [Bug #11444]
+
+Sun Aug 16 17:33:45 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: update latest version of bundled gems.
+	  It includes minitest-5.8.0 and test-unit 3.1.3.
+
+Sun Aug 16 17:24:10 2015  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_children): check if RCLASS_EXT is valid
+	  before marking. This fixes the following test failure
+	  introduced in r51126:
+
+	    make test-all TESTOPTS='--gc-stress ruby/test_refinement.rb'
+
+Sat Aug 15 10:51:08 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/win32/lib/win32/registry.rb (API#SetValue): data size should
+	  be in bytes, not in chars.  [ruby-core:70365] [Bug #11439]
+
+Sat Aug 15 10:15:20 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_each_codepoint): read more data when read partially.
+	  [ruby-core:70379] [Bug #11444]
+
+Sat Aug 15 04:33:39 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* hash.c (any_hash): skip rb_objid_hash for static syms
+	  (rb_num_hash_start): extract from rb_ident_hash
+	  (rb_objid_hash): call rb_num_hash_start
+	  (rb_ident_hash): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:70181] [Feature #11405]
+
+Sat Aug 15 04:16:13 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_mark): reduce NULL checks
+
+Fri Aug 14 18:50:57 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* method.h (METHOD_ENTRY_VISI_SET): cast visi to int
+	  (METHOD_ENTRY_FLAGS_SET): ditto
+
+Fri Aug 14 18:43:11 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* process.c (close_unless_reserved): add extra check
+	  (dup2_with_divert): remove
+	  (redirect_dup2): use dup2 without divert
+	  (before_exec_non_async_signal_safe): adjust call + comment
+	  (rb_f_exec): stop timer thread for all OSes
+	  (rb_exec_without_timer_thread): remove
+	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): adjust call
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_stop_timer_thread): always close pipes
+	* thread_pthread.c (struct timer_thread_pipe): add writing field,
+	  mark owner_process volatile for signal handlers
+	  (rb_thread_wakeup_timer_thread_fd): check valid FD
+	  (rb_thread_wakeup_timer_thread): set writing flag to prevent close
+	  (rb_thread_wakeup_timer_thread_low): ditto
+	  (CLOSE_INVALIDATE): new macro
+	  (close_invalidate): new function
+	  (close_communication_pipe): removed
+	  (setup_communication_pipe_internal): make errors non-fatal
+	  (setup_communication_pipe): ditto
+	  (thread_timer): close reading ends inside timer thread
+	  (rb_thread_create_timer_thread): make errors non-fatal
+	  (native_stop_timer_thread): close write ends only, always,
+	   wait for signal handlers to finish
+	  (rb_divert_reserved_fd): remove
+	* thread_win32.c (native_stop_timer_thread): adjust (untested)
+	  (rb_divert_reserved_fd): remove
+	* vm_core.h: adjust prototype
+	  [ruby-core:70386] [Bug #11336]
+
+Fri Aug 14 18:40:43 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/win32/lib/win32/registry.rb (API#SetValue): add terminator
+	  size, not 1 byte.  [ruby-core:70365] [Bug #11439]
+
+Thu Aug 13 22:49:42 2015  Juanito Fatas  <katehuang0320@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout#timeout): freeze a string message to
+	  reduce string allocations.  [Fix GH-996]
+
+Thu Aug 13 17:42:34 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_call_info_kw_arg_bytes): move the definition
+	  to iseq.h because this function is shared with iseq.c and compile.c.
+
+Thu Aug 13 14:36:31 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_num_to_dbl): move from num2dbl_with_to_f in math.c.
+
+Thu Aug 13 09:01:25 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* load.c (features_index_add): avoid repeat calculation
+
+Wed Aug 12 21:57:31 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* id_table.c: IMPL() macro accept op as _opname instead of opname
+	  because jemalloc seems to replace the word `free' to `je_free'.
+
+Wed Aug 12 21:51:11 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* id_table.c (mix_id_table_insert): fix memory leak.
+
+Wed Aug 12 21:17:38 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_memsize): reimplement for wrapper
+	  (param_keyword_size): extracted from iseq_memsize
+	  (iseqw_mark): new mark function
+	  (iseqw_data_type): new data type
+	  (iseqw_new): wrap as iseqw_data_type
+	  (iseqw_check): adjust for wrapper
+	  (Init_ISeq): remove iseqw_iseq_key initialization
+	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb: new test
+	  [ruby-core:70344] [Feature #11435]
+
+Wed Aug 12 21:15:27 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_call_info_kw_arg_bytes): extract from compile.c
+	* compile.c (iseq_build_callinfo_from_hash): use above function
+
+Wed Aug 12 18:00:17 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* class.c (move_refined_method): same as the last commit.
+
+Wed Aug 12 17:57:53 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* class.c, gc.c vm.c: use ID_TABLE_* instead of ST_*
+	  (such as ST_CONTINUE) for enum rb_id_table_iterator_result.
+
+Wed Aug 12 17:05:36 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* id_table.h: introduce ID key table.
+	  [Feature #11420]
+
+	  This table only manage ID->VALUE table to reduce overhead of st.
+
+	  Some functions prefixed rb_id_table_* are provided.
+
+	* id_table.c: implement rb_id_table_*.
+
+	  There are several algorithms to implement it.
+
+	  Now, there are roughly 4 types:
+
+	    * st
+	    * array
+	    * hash (implemented by  Yura Sokolov)
+	    * mix of array and hash
+
+	  The macro ID_TABLE_IMPL can choose implementation.
+	  You can see detailes about them at the head of id_table.c.
+
+	  At the default, I choose 34 (mix of list and hash).
+	  This is not final decision.
+	  Please report your suitable parameters or
+	  your data structure.
+
+	  * symbol.c: introduce rb_id_serial_t and rb_id_to_serial()
+	    to represent ID by serial number.
+
+	  * internal.h: use id_table for method tables.
+
+	  * class.c, gc.c, marshal.c, vm.c, vm_method.c: ditto.
+
+Wed Aug 12 05:19:11 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* parse.y (rb_parser_compile_cstr): remove volatile arg
+	  (rb_parser_compile_string): ditto
+	  (rb_parser_compile_file): ditto
+	  (rb_parser_compile_string_path): ditto
+	  (rb_parser_compile_file_path): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:70323] [Misc #11431]
+
+Tue Aug 11 22:59:57 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (Init_Numeric): Fix document for Float::MIN and
+	  Float::EPSILON.
+
+Tue Aug 11 15:22:31 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (ALLOCV_N): check integer overflow, as well
+	  as ruby_xmalloc2.  pointed out by Paul <pawlkt AT gmail.com>.
+
+Tue Aug 11 14:57:09 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_repeated_permutation): fix buffer size, ALLOCV_N
+	  already multiplies element size.
+
+Tue Aug 11 12:13:20 2015  Jeremy Evans  <merch-redmine@jeremyevans.net>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Fix LocalJumpErrors being raised
+	  in OpenSSL tests. [ruby-core:70020][Bug #11368]
+
+Tue Aug 11 11:54:13 2015  Alexey Lipnyagov  <liptonshmidt@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c: Fix documentation for String#slice
+	  [ruby-core:70298][Bug #11427]
+
+Tue Aug 11 11:53:28 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (superclass): make superclass rule optional and allow
+	  any contents without a terminator.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
+
+Tue Aug 11 10:58:42 2015  Juanito Fatas  <juanitofatas@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c: [DOC] Make #end_with? example doc symmetry
+	  with #start_with? [fix GH-992][ci skip]
+
+Tue Aug 11 10:51:19 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb: Add test for `Array#flatten` with level 1
+	  [fix GH-986] Patch @yui-knk
+
+Tue Aug 11 10:48:16 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enum.c: added doc for Enumerable#zip
+	  [fix GH-985] Patch by @yui-knk
+	* test/ruby/test_enum.rb: added tests for Enumerable#zip
+	  [fix GH-985] Patch @yui-knk
+
+Tue Aug 11 10:33:26 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c: typo fix [fix GH-993][ci skip] Patch by @0x0dea
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Aug  9 14:15:54 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (Init_vm_objects, rb_vm_fstring_table): use frozen_strings
+	  table in rb_vm_t.  [ruby-core:70274] [Bug #11423]
+
+Sat Aug  8 03:59:51 2015  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c: [DOC] Improve grammar for Module#===
+	  Patch by @SkyBirdSoar in documenting-ruby/ruby#52:
+	  https://github.com/documenting-ruby/ruby/pull/52
+
+Sat Aug  8 03:39:33 2015  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c: [DOC] Improve description of symbol key syntax
+	  Patch by Raphael Das Gupta in documenting-ruby/ruby#51:
+	  https://github.com/documenting-ruby/ruby/pull/51
+
+Fri Aug  7 21:04:19 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_params): turn in_def and in_single into bit
+	  flags and reduce the size by 2-words.
+
+	* parse.y (parser_params): remove redundant prefixes.
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): non-pure parser has not been supported since
+	  merger of ripper.  change argument types from void pointers.
+
+Fri Aug  7 17:07:56 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (method_super_method): uncallable method entry does not
+	  have the defined class, use the owner instead.
+	  [ruby-core:70254] [Bug #11419]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_method.rb (test_super_method_unbound): add test
+	  by Akira Matsuda.
+
+Thu Aug  6 10:49:57 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* node.c (rb_alloc_tmp_buffer): round up the size and check the
+	  range.
+
+	* ruby_atomic.h (ATOMIC_VALUE_EXCHANGE, ATOMIC_VALUE_CAS): add
+	  atomic operations for VALUE.
+
+Thu Aug  6 08:15:49 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (module OpenSSL): move
+	  SSLSocket#sysclose to Ruby.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_close): ditto
+
+Thu Aug  6 07:57:21 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (module OpenSSL): move nonblock
+	  enable to SSLSocket#initialize and remove Nonblock module.
+
+Thu Aug  6 07:53:47 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (module OpenSSL): move
+	  OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket#initialize to Ruby.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: ditto
+
+Thu Aug  6 02:25:31 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* node.c (rb_alloc_tmp_buffer): use NODE_ALLOCA to mark locations
+	  like as builtin alloca.  [ruby-core:70251] [Bug #11418]
+
+Wed Aug  5 14:37:55 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* transcode.c (rb_econv_open0): rb_econv_t::source_encoding_name
+	  and rb_econv_t::destination_encoding_name should refer static
+	  strings always or NULL.  [ruby-core:70247] [Bug #11416]
+
+Tue Aug  4 16:53:43 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (module OpenSSL): extract callback
+	  lookup to private Ruby methods. This means we can keep the default
+	  DH callback logic hidden from consumers.  Also, since the SSLSocket
+	  always has a context, we can remove conditionals about that
+	  instance.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: move callback lookup methods to private Ruby
+	  methods.
+
+Tue Aug  4 16:40:26 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: should not expect a method table ordering.
+	  [Feature #11414]
+
+Tue Aug 04 15:30:04 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_block_clear_env_self): clear by Qfalse instead of Qnil.
+	  [Bug #11409]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_eval.rb: add tests for this issue,
+	  written by @0x0dea.
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/988
+
+Tue Aug  4 12:12:14 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* variable.c: wrap long lines
+
+Tue Aug  4 09:32:30 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c: Removing duplicate doc [fix GH-987][ci skip]
+	  Patch by @ronakjangir47
+
+Tue Aug  4 09:21:58 2015  Richard Schneeman  <richard.schneeman+foo@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/contributing.rdoc: fixed wrong instructions with OS X
+	  [fix GH-989][ci skip] Patch by @schneems
+
+Mon Aug  3 10:08:33 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (rb_memsearch): should match only char boundaries in wide
+	  character encodings.  [ruby-core:70220] [Bug #11413]
+
+Sun Aug  2 07:01:17 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/buffering.rb (gets):
+	  avoid comparing fixnum with nil
+	* test/openssl/test_pair.rb: test gets with limit when EOF is hit
+	  Thanks to Bar Hofesh <bar.hofesh@safe-t.com> for the bug report
+	  and testing.
+	  [ruby-core:70149] [Bug #11400]
+
+Sat Aug  1 17:13:15 2015  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* lib/net/http/response.rb (Net::HTTPResponse::Inflater#finish):
+	  fix a bug that empty gzipped response body causes Zlib::BufError.
+	  [ruby-core:68846] [Bug #11058]
+
+	* test/net/http/test_httpresponse.rb: tests for the above.
+
+Sat Aug  1 17:05:18 2015  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* lib/net/http/response.rb (Net::HTTPResponse#inflater):
+	  fix TypeError. An exception object might be nil.
+	  [ruby-core:68846] [Bug #11058]
+
+Sat Aug  1 09:09:46 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_sslctx_setup): Implement
+	  SSLContext#options and options= using SSL_CTX_set_options and
+	  SSL_CTX_get_options. This reduces the number of ivars we need and
+	  simplifies `ossl_sslctx_setup`.
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (module OpenSSL): Default `options`
+	  to SSL_OP_ALL
+
+Sat Aug  1 06:54:36 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (Init_ossl_ssl): OpenSSL declares these
+	  constants as longs, so we should follow that and use LONG2NUM.
+	  http://git.io/vOqxD
+
+Sat Aug  1 04:06:29 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_call_tmp_dh_callback): change callback
+	  to return the Ruby dh (or ecdh) object that the caller cares about
+	  instead of doing rb_iv_get / set to communicate.  This means we can
+	  remove an rb_iv_get call, and only use the set calls for their
+	  intended purpose (to prevent the object from being GC'd).
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_tmp_dh_callback): ditto
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_call_tmp_ecdh_callback): ditto
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_tmp_ecdh_callback): ditto
+
+Sat Aug  1 03:49:31 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_call_tmp_dh_callback): Similarly to the
+	  tmp_ecdh_callback, the SSLSocket instance always holds a reference
+	  to the SSLContext object (it's always set in `initialize`).  The
+	  SSLContext holds a reference to the tmp_dh_callback.  Ask the
+	  context for the callback instead of storing the callback in two
+	  places.
+
+Sat Aug  1 03:43:10 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_call_tmp_dh_callback): create an array
+	  and use `rb_apply` to clean up calls to `rb_protect`.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_tmp_dh_callback): ditto
+
+Sat Aug  1 03:27:12 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_call_tmp_ecdh_callback): The SSL socket
+	  always holds a reference to the SSLContext object, which will have
+	  the callback object.  Ask the context for the callback instead of
+	  storing the callback in two places.
+
+Sat Aug  1 03:14:07 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (module OpenSSL): convert
+	  `tmp_dh_callback` to Ruby, and call it when setting up an SSL
+	  connection.  This allows us to move the "default" behavior to the
+	  reader method.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: call the tmp_dh_callback instead of
+	  accessing the SSLContext's internals.
+
+Fri Jul 31 23:34:27 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* .travis.yml: update libssl before running tests.
+	  Thanks to Chris Sinjakli <chris@sinjakli.co.uk> for figuring out the
+	  travis settings!
+
+Fri Jul 31 21:34:49 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* load.c (rb_require_internal): use rb_load_internal0 not to raise
+	  a exception to be caught.
+
+Thu Jul 30 13:19:54 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_get_0): warn deprecated constant reference.
+
+	* variable.c (rb_mod_deprecate_constant): mark constants to be
+	  warned as deprecated.  [Feature #11398]
+
+Thu Jul 30 11:53:54 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_s_handle_interrupt): make identity hash, to
+	  compare masking classes just by their IDs.
+
+Thu Jul 30 11:52:55 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* load.c (rb_load_internal0): stop separating exits at loading
+	  from exits from execution.  TAG_FATAL is the only case that
+	  `errinfo` is a Fixnum, and should continue to exit by JUMP_TAG
+	  but not raising as an ordinary exception.
+	  [ruby-core:70169] [Bug #11404]
+
+Thu Jul 30 10:42:27 2015  Alex Dowad  <alexinbeijing@gmail.com>
+
+	* load.c (rb_load_internal0): extra check before returning
+	  TAG_RAISE when a non-local transfer of control happens while
+	  loading and parsing a Ruby source file.
+	  [ruby-core:70169] [Bug #11404]
+
+Thu Jul 30 08:48:42 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* st.c (find_entry): constify st_table*
+	  (find_packed_index_from): ditto
+	  (find_packed_index): ditto
+	  (get_keys): ditto
+	  (get_values): ditto
+
+Thu Jul 30 04:29:25 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_hash_aref_dsym.rb: new benchmark
+	* benchmark/bm_hash_aref_dsym_long.rb: ditto
+	* benchmark/bm_hash_aref_fix.rb: ditto
+
+Wed Jul 29 21:38:41 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (any_hash), symbol.c (dsymbol_alloc): fix dynamic symbol
+	  hash value by restricting in Fixnum range, that is `long`.
+
+Wed Jul 29 17:25:46 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_obj_hash): move in order to share with rb_any_hash.
+
+Wed Jul 29 16:00:22 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (str_buf_cat): consider empty non-embed string case,
+	  not to loop infinitely.  [ruby-core:70074] [Bug #11383]
+
+Wed Jul 29 15:25:19 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (send_internal): set method_missing_reason before
+	  invoking overriding method_missing method so that the default
+	  method_missing can achieve it properly.
+	  [ruby-core:68515] [Bug #10969]
+
+Wed Jul 29 14:54:16 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_sym_hash): return same value as rb_any_hash() of
+	  Symbol.  [Bug #9381]
+
+	* hash.c (rb_any_hash): fix Float hash.  rb_dbl_hash() returns a
+	  Fixnum, but not a long.  [Bug #9381]
+
+Wed Jul 29 11:07:10 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h (LIKELY, UNLIKELY): make a boolean to enforce 1 or 0.
+
+Wed Jul 29 10:44:43 2015  Alex Dowad  <alexinbeijing@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c: document argument passed to finalizer proc.
+	  [fix GH-976][ci skip] Patch by @alexdowad
+
+Wed Jul 29 10:36:58 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_extract_modeenc): add option parameter `flags'
+	  to append extra oflags to normal mode.
+	  [Feature #11253] [ruby-core:69539]
+
+Wed Jul 29 04:54:47 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_remote_fetcher.rb: pre-generate test key
+	  [ruby-core:70151] [Bug #11397]
+
+Tue Jul 28 10:32:09 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h (struct RClass): moved from ruby/ruby.h to hide the
+	  internals.
+
+Tue Jul 28 08:48:29 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE): attribute declaration for
+	  types.
+
+Tue Jul 28 07:23:03 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* symbol.h (struct RSymbol): add hashval field
+	* symbol.c (dsymbol_alloc): setup hashval field once
+	* hash.c (rb_any_hash): return RSymbol->hashval directly
+	* common.mk: hash.o depends on symbol.h
+	  Thanks to Bruno Escherl <bruno@escherl.net> for the bug report
+	  [ruby-core:70129] [Bug #11396]
+
+Tue Jul 28 03:26:15 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (module OpenSSL): raise a more
+	  helpful exception when verifying the peer connection and an
+	  anonymous cipher has been selected. [ruby-core:68330] [Bug #10910]
+	  Thanks to Chris Sinjakli <chris@sinjakli.co.uk> for the patch.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb (class OpenSSL): test for change
+
+Mon Jul 27 13:24:11 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* template/id.h.tmpl (ID2ATTRSET): remove an unused macro.
+
+Mon Jul 27 12:21:15 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: run tests on non-Unix platforms.
+
+Sun Jul 26 19:21:31 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_alpn_protocol): fix condition
+	  to compile, needs ALPN to be available.  [Feature #9390]
+
+Sun Jul 26 11:29:01 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* signal.c (default_handler, Init_signal): discard SIGSYS, ENOSYS
+	  should raise a SystemCallError always instead.
+
+Sun Jul 26 10:26:35 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_call_servername_cb): set the ssl context
+	  object returned by the servername callback on to the socket as an
+	  instance variable.  If the callback allocated a new context object
+	  and didn't keep a reference to it, it could be GC'd out from under
+	  the socket object.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb (class OpenSSL): test for change.
+
+Sun Jul 26 10:07:26 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb (class OpenSSL): add test coverage around
+	  OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#servername_cb
+
+Sun Jul 26 09:10:32 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: update latest version of bundled power_assert.
+
+Sun Jul 26 08:49:28 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_remote_fetcher.rb: backport rubygems upstream
+	  change for OpenSSL key length. see detail to
+	  https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/1290
+
+Sun Jul 26 08:33:03 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/pkey.rb: implement DEFAULT_512 and
+	  DEFAULT_1024 constants in Ruby.
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (module OpenSSL): Ask PKey for the
+	  default DH callback since it already must check whether openssl has
+	  been compiled with DH support.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c (OSSL_PKEY_BN): Remove C definitions of
+	  DEFAULT_512 and DEFAULT_1024
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c (Init_ossl_dh): ditto
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_dh.rb (class OpenSSL): add test to ensure the
+	  Ruby definitions are the same as the C definitions were.
+
+Sun Jul 26 08:14:59 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (module OpenSSL): support
+	  specifically setting the tmp_dh_callback to nil.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (Init_ossl_ssl): ditto
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pair.rb (module OpenSSL): add a test
+
+Sun Jul 26 07:47:14 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (module OpenSSL): move the default
+	  tmp_dh_callback Ruby code and set it as a default in `initialize`.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c (static unsigned char DEFAULT_DH_512_GEN):
+	  move this constant to Ruby.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c (static unsigned char DEFAULT_DH_1024_GEN):
+	  ditto
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c (Init_ossl_dh): ditto
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_tmp_dh_callback): ditto
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_sslctx_setup): tmp_dh_callback should
+	  always be set, so we can remove this conditional
+
+Sun Jul 26 06:22:24 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pair.rb: add a test ensuring that the default DH
+	  callback is used when no DH callback is specified.
+
+Sun Jul 26 04:08:27 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (module OpenSSL): add missing
+	  instance variables to squash warnings with alpn.
+
+Sun Jul 26 03:42:19 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (module OpenSSL): move
+	  OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#initialize implementation to pure Ruby.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_sslctx_initialize): ditto
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (Init_ossl_ssl): ditto
+
+Sat Jul 25 21:03:45 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* random.c (fill_random_bytes_syscall): get rid of blocking when
+	  no entropy is available.  based on the patch by mame in
+	  [ruby-core:70114].  [Bug #11395]
+
+Sat Jul 25 11:05:31 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (str_replace_shared_without_enc): fill the terminator
+	  of embedded strings in wide char encodings.
+
+Sat Jul 25 06:38:36 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: size should be unsigned.
+	  * rb_call_info_t::index
+	  * rb_iseq_constant_body::stack_max
+	  * rb_iseq_constant_body::local_size
+	  * rb_iseq_constant_body::param::size
+	  * rb_iseq_constant_body::local_table_size
+	  * rb_iseq_constant_body::is_size
+	  * rb_iseq_constant_body::callinfo_size
+
+	* iseq.h: same for iseq_catch_table::size.
+
+	* compile.c: catch up these fix.
+
+	* iseq.c: ditto.
+
+	* proc.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_args.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_eval.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
+
+Sat Jul 25 06:00:09 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: constify rb_iseq_constant_body::line_info_table.
+
+	* iseq.c: catch up this fix.
+
+Sat Jul 25 05:56:43 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: constify rb_iseq_constant_body::param::opt_table and
+	  rb_iseq_constant_body::param::keyword.
+
+	* compile.c: catch up this fix.
+
+Sat Jul 25 04:47:01 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: constify rb_iseq_constant_body::catch_table.
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_set_exception_table): catch up this fix.
+
+	* iseq.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_exec): ditto.
+
+Fri Jul 24 21:29:54 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* st.c (EQUAL, st_delete_safe): fix arguments order to compare
+	  function, searching key is the first and stored key is the
+	  second always.
+
+Fri Jul 24 21:27:29 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (fstr_update_callback): fstring must not be a shared
+	  string, or the content without RSTRING_FSTR may be freed.
+	  [ruby-dev:49188] [Bug #11386]
+
+Fri Jul 24 20:09:43 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb (RingIPv6#prepare_ipv6): prevent to use
+	  IPv6 loopback interface for
+	  Rinda::TestRingFinger#test_make_socket_ipv6_multicast and
+	  Rinda::TestRingFinger#test_make_socket_ipv6_multicast_hops.
+	  The tests are skipped if there are no IPv6 devices other than the
+	  loopback device. [Bug #11394] [ruby-dev:49199]
+
+	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb (test_make_socket_ipv6_multicast): ditto
+	  for Rinda::TestRingServer#test_make_socket_ipv6_multicast.
+
+	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb (test_ring_server_ipv6_multicast): ditto
+	  for Rinda::TestRingServer#test_ring_server_ipv6_multicast.
+
+Fri Jul 24 16:35:55 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (fstr_update_callback): pool bare strings only.
+
+	* string.c (rb_fstring): return the original string with sharing a
+	  fstring if it has extra attributes, not the fstring itself.
+	  [ruby-dev:49188] [Bug #11386]
+
+Fri Jul 24 16:35:34 2015  yui-knk  <spiketeika@gmail.com>
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_s_extname): [DOC] add an example.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_path.rb (test_extname): add tests.  [Fix GH-978]
+	  * path starts with dot ('.a.rb')
+	  * path includes dir name ('a/b/d/test.rb')
+	  * path includes dir name and dir name starts with dot
+	    ('.a/b/d/test.rb')
+
+Thu Jul 23 18:50:43 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: constify rb_iseq_constant_body::local_table and
+	  rb_iseq_param_keyword::table and
+	  rb_iseq_param_keyword::default_values.
+
+	* compile.c: catch up this fix.
+
+	* iseq.c: ditto.
+
+Thu Jul 23 17:30:43 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: constify rb_iseq_constant_body::iseq_encoded and
+	  rb_control_frame_t::pc.
+
+	* compile.c (rb_iseq_translate_threaded_code): catch up this fix.
+
+	* iseq.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_exec.c (vm_exec_core): ditto.
+
+Thu Jul 23 10:25:46 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: add raw FL macros, which assume always the
+	  argument object is not a special constant.
+
+	* internal.h (STR_EMBED_P, STR_SHARED_P): valid only for T_STRING.
+
+	* string.c: deal with taint flags directly across String instances.
+
+Thu Jul 23 09:05:28 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (lambda_body): pop cmdarg stack for lookahead
+	  token.  [ruby-core:70067] [Bug #11380]
+
+Thu Jul 23 04:03:03 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: fix tests by not setting the instance
+	  variable on the frozen ssl instance.
+
+Thu Jul 23 03:32:26 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: add ECDH callback support. [Feature #11356]
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pair.rb: test for ECDH callback support
+
+Thu Jul 23 03:29:49 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: add ALPN support. [Feature #9390]
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: detect ALPN support in OpenSSL
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: test for ALPN
+
+Wed Jul 22 23:44:17 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_reverse): reversed string is not a substring,
+	  and should not set coderange of the original string.
+	  [ruby-dev:49189] [Bug #11387]
+
+Wed Jul 22 20:17:51 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: modify layout of rb_iseq_constant_body.
+
+	  Move frequent accessing fields to upper part.
+
+Wed Jul 22 19:57:47 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: remove unused declaration of
+	  iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack.
+
+Wed Jul 22 19:52:45 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: separate rb_iseq_body into rb_iseq_constant_body and
+	  rb_iseq_variable_body (rb_iseq_t::variable_body).
+
+	  rb_iseq_variable_body can be modified after compilation.
+
+	* compile.c: use rb_iseq_t::variable_body.
+
+	* iseq.c: ditto.
+
+	* thread.c: ditto.
+
+Wed Jul 22 17:50:35 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/matrix/eigenvalue_decomposition.rb: refine code style.
+	  [fix GH-959][ci skip] Patch by @bogdanvlviv
+
+Wed Jul 22 15:48:47 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_range.rb: Add test case for Range#end with
+	  exclude_end true case. [fix GH-968] Patch by @yui-knk
+
+Wed Jul 22 09:45:31 2015  Maksim Sitnikov  <sitnikovme@undev.ru>
+
+	* numeric.c (num_coerce): [DOC] fix doc for Numeric#coerce,
+	  missing '+'.  [Fix GH-974]
+
+Wed Jul 22 07:24:18 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* make rb_iseq_t T_IMEMO object (type is imemo_iseq).
+
+	  All contents of previous rb_iseq_t is in rb_iseq_t::body.
+	  Remove rb_iseq_t::self because rb_iseq_t is an object.
+
+	  RubyVM::InstructionSequence is wrapper object points T_IMEMO/iseq.
+	  So RubyVM::ISeq.of(something) method returns different wrapper
+	  objects but they point the same T_IMEMO/iseq object.
+
+	  This patch is big, but most of difference is replacement of
+	  iseq->xxx to iseq->body->xxx.
+
+	  (previous) rb_iseq_t::compile_data is also located to
+	  rb_iseq_t::compile_data.
+	  It was moved from rb_iseq_body::compile_data.
+
+	  Now rb_iseq_t has empty two pointers.
+	  I will split rb_iseq_body data into static data and dynamic data.
+
+	* compile.c: rename some functions/macros.
+	  Now, we don't need to separate iseq and iseqval (only VALUE).
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_exec_internal): `n' is rb_iseq_t (T_IMEMO/iseq).
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (count_imemo_objects): count T_IMEMO/iseq.
+
+	* gc.c: check T_IMEMO/iseq.
+
+	* internal.h: add imemo_type::imemo_iseq.
+
+	* iseq.c: define RubyVM::InstructionSequence as T_OBJECT.
+	  Methods are implemented by functions named iseqw_....
+
+	* load.c (rb_load_internal0): rb_iseq_new_top() returns
+	  rb_iseq_t (T_IMEMO/iesq).
+
+	* method.h (rb_add_method_iseq): accept rb_iseq_t (T_IMEMO/iseq).
+
+	* vm_core.h (GetISeqPtr): removed because it is not T_DATA now.
+
+	* vm_core.h (struct rb_iseq_body): remove padding for
+	  [Bug #10037][ruby-core:63721].
+
+Wed Jul 22 07:15:33 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (total_i): no need to skip singleton classes.
+
+Wed Jul 22 06:37:54 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: constify rb_call_info_t::kw_arg,
+	  rb_control_frame_t::iseq and rb_control_frame_t::block_iseq.
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_free): catch up this fix.
+
+	* vm.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_dump.c: ditto.
+
+Wed Jul 22 06:25:45 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: constify rb_call_info_t::blockiseq and rb_block_t::iseq.
+
+	* vm.c, vm_insnhelper.c: catch up this fix.
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_data_to_ary): constify the first iseq parameter.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_make_proc_with_iseq): ditto.
+
+Wed Jul 22 06:17:35 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: constify rb_method_iseq_t::iseqptr.
+
+	* proc.c (rb_method_entry_min_max_arity): catch up this fix.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (def_iseq_ptr): constify.
+
+Wed Jul 22 03:37:39 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (internal_object_p): Now a singleton classes appear by
+	  ObjectSpace.each_object. [Bug #11360]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_objectspace.rb: add a test about it.
+
+Tue Jul 21 21:21:33 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (do_select): replace switch and goto with a loop to
+	  suppress maybe-uninitialized warnings by gcc6.
+
+	* thread.c (set_unblock_function, rb_wait_for_single_fd): ditto.
+
+Tue Jul 21 20:32:33 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_range.rb: Add test for Range#hash
+	  [fix GH-969] Patch by @yui-knk
+
+Tue Jul 21 19:43:20 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c: constify the first parameter (iseq).
+	  * iseq_add_mark_object()
+	  * iseq_add_mark_object_compile_time()
+
+	* iseq.c, iseq.h (rb_iseq_add_mark_object): ditto.
+
+Tue Jul 21 16:18:48 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/socket/test_nonblock.rb: increase buffer sizes
+	  to OpenBSD limits. Thanks to Jeremy Evans <code@jeremyevans.net>
+	  [ruby-core:70058]
+
+Tue Jul 21 16:08:53 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* load.c (ruby_dln_librefs): make static
+
+Tue Jul 21 13:36:54 2015  yuuji.yaginuma  <yuuji.yaginuma@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb (complete): [DOC] fix typo.  [Fix GH-973]
+
+Tue Jul 21 05:20:21 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* io.c (nogvl_wait_for_single_fd): new function for Linux
+	  (maygvl_copy_stream_wait_read): Linux-specific version
+	  (nogvl_copy_stream_wait_write): use nogvl_wait_for_single_fd
+	  [ruby-core:70051] [Feature #11377]
+
+Mon Jul 20 15:04:30 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_initialize): avoid redundant zero-ing
+
+Mon Jul 20 12:12:05 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* parse.y (struct parser_params): pack: 88 => 256 bytes on 64-bit
+	  [ruby-core:70034] [Feature #11371]
+
+Sun Jul 19 14:29:18 2015  windwiny  <windwiny.ubt@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/pty/pty.c: [DOC] fix example typo, an old name at move from
+	  PTY.open.  [Fix GH-972]
+
+Sat Jul 18 21:29:19 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (vm_check_ints_blocking): gather common statements at
+	  the end, and prefer LIKELY for Visual C optimization.
+
+Sat Jul 18 20:44:56 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* load.c (rb_load_internal0): do not raise any exceptions but
+	  return the result tag state.
+
+	* load.c (rb_load_protect): reduce nested EXEC_TAGs.
+
+Sat Jul 18 19:52:17 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (run_finalizer): set and restore safe level here to reduce
+	  nested EXEC_TAGs.
+
+Sat Jul 18 18:45:22 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): error_handle() returns exit status to the
+	  system, not internal error state, do not convert the exit status
+	  again.
+
+Sat Jul 18 10:29:03 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb: test thread+sigs work after failed exec
+
+Sat Jul 18 07:20:18 2015  Jeremy Evans  <code@jeremyevans.net>
+
+	* test/socket/test_nonblock: use smaller buffer for sendmsg
+	  [ruby-core:70016] [Bug #11364]
+
+Sat Jul 18 07:04:24 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* signal.c (trap_handler): cleanup to use RSTRING_GETMEM + memcmp
+
+Sat Jul 18 02:53:06 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* io.c (argf_read_nonblock): support `exception: false'
+	  (io_nonblock_eof): new function
+	  (io_read_nonblock): use io_nonblock_eof
+	  (argf_getpartial): accept kwargs hash for `exception: false'
+	* test/ruby/test_argf.rb (test_read_nonblock): new test
+	* NEWS: add item for ARGF.read_nonblock
+	  [ruby-core:70000] [Feature #11358]
+
+Fri Jul 17 23:51:31 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_eval_cmd): $SAFE=4 has been deprecated.
+
+Fri Jul 17 22:18:09 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): use enum ruby_tag_type names.
+
+	* vm_core.h (ruby_tag_type): move from eval_intern.h for compiling
+	  break/next/redo/return.
+
+Fri Jul 17 15:39:19 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/encoding.h (ENC_CODERANGE_CLEAN_P): predicate that
+	  tells if the coderange is clean, that is 7bit or valid, and no
+	  needs to scrub.
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_expr_str): use ENC_CODERANGE_CLEAN_P.
+
+	* string.c (enc_strlen, rb_enc_cr_str_buf_cat, rb_str_scrub):
+	  ditto.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_enumerate_chars): ditto, and suppress a warning
+	  by gcc6.
+
+Fri Jul 17 15:36:52 2015  yui-knk  <spiketeika@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_range.rb (test_first_last): Add test for
+	  `Range.new`.  [Fix GH-971]
+
+Fri Jul 17 15:36:40 2015  yui-knk  <spiketeika@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_range.rb (test_first_last): Add assertions to
+	  test of `Range#last` with exclude_end true case.  [Fix GH-970]
+
+Fri Jul 17 09:59:14 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_alone): simplify
+
+Fri Jul 17 09:58:32 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* lib/rinda/tuplespace.rb: remove enumerator require
+	* test/pathname/test_pathname.rb: ditto
+
+Fri Jul 17 05:33:58 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_compile_with_option): reuse result of previous
+	  GET_THREAD() call
+	* thread.c (thread_create_core): ditto
+	  (rb_mutex_trylock): ditto
+	  (rb_mutex_lock): ditto
+	* process.c (rb_waitpid): avoid multiple eval from RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_check_ints): ditto
+
+Thu Jul 16 19:12:30 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* thread.c (mutex_alloc): remove needless volatile
+
+Thu Jul 16 22:05:29 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: constify rb_iseq_t::parent_iseq.
+
+	  rb_iseq_t::local_iseq is not constant data because
+	  local_iseq::flip_cnt can be modified (commented).
+
+	* compile.c: catch up this fix.
+
+	* iseq.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
+
+Thu Jul 16 21:47:47 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (redirect_dup2): when the new FD of dup2() conflicts
+	  with one of the timer thread FDs, the internal FD is diverted.
+	  [Bug #11336] [ruby-core:69886] [Bug #11350] [ruby-core:69961]
+
+	* process.c (dup2_with_divert): new function for the above purpose.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (rb_divert_reserved_fd): new function for
+	  diverting reserved FD. If the given FD is the same as one of the
+	  reserved FDs, the reserved FD number is internally changed.
+	  It returns -1 when error. Otherwise, returns 0. It also returns
+	  0 if there is no need to change reserved FD number.
+
+	* thread_win32.c (rb_divert_reserved_fd): always returns 0 because
+	  of no reserved FDs.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_divert_reserved_fd): prototype declaration.
+	  It is Ruby internal use only.
+
+Thu Jul 16 21:47:46 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_disasm): rename rb_iseq_t *iseqdat to iseq
+	  and VALUE *iseq to code.
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_disasm_insn): ditto.
+
+Thu Jul 16 14:34:24 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (REWIND_CFP): keep the arguments region inside the valid
+	  value stack.  [ruby-core:69969] [Bug #11352]
+
+Thu Jul 16 11:38:21 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* process.c (close_unless_reserved): declare type of `fd' arg
+
+Thu Jul 16 08:47:29 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* load.c (rb_construct_expanded_load_path): fstring expanded path
+	  (get_loaded_features_index): fstring feature path
+	  (rb_provide_feature): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:69871] [Feature #11331]
+
+Thu Jul 16 02:56:14 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_initialize): avoid RSTRING_PTR and NUMT2INT
+
+Thu Jul 16 01:00:46 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_exec_close_reserved_fd): test for
+	  [Bug #11353]
+
+Thu Jul 16 00:35:42 2015  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* .gitignore: ignore version.i.
+
+Wed Jul 15 23:40:32 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_deadlock_by_signal_at_forking):
+	  use RUBY (= EnvUtil.rubybin)
+
+Wed Jul 15 23:01:22 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (redirect_close, parent_redirect_close): should not close
+	  reserved FD. It should be closed in the exec system call due to the
+	  O_CLOEXEC or FD_CLOEXEC flag. [Bug #11353] [ruby-core:69977]
+
+	* process.c (close_unless_reserved): new function to close FD unless
+	  it is reserved for internal communication.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (rb_reserved_fd_p): should check owner_process pid
+	  to avoid false positive in forked child process.
+
+Wed Jul 15 18:31:18 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* proc.c (proc_mark): remove redundant check
+	* vm.c (env_mark): ditto
+
+Wed Jul 15 17:27:40 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_mark): remove check for data pointer
+	* proc.c (binding_mark): ditto
+	* vm.c (rb_thread_mark): ditto
+	* vm_trace.c (tp_mark): ditto
+
+Wed Jul 15 16:55:04 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* encoding.c (enc_autoload): drop dummy encoding flag from
+	  the loaded encoding index.  this flag is used only in this
+	  source.
+
+Wed Jul 15 14:39:29 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (vm_make_env_each): add comments about env layout.
+	  Do not use `i' to specify `new_ep'.
+
+	* vm.c (rb_proc_create, rb_vm_make_proc_lambda): envval is not used.
+
+Wed Jul 15 08:59:19 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.h (RUBY_MARK_UNLESS_NULL): evaluate the argument only once
+	  to get rid of inadvertent side effects.
+
+Wed Jul 15 02:53:11 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h, vm.c: remove rb_proc_t::envval because we can know it via
+	  rb_proc_t::block::ep.
+
+	  rb_vm_proc_envval(const rb_proc_t *proc) returns an Env object which
+	  the Proc object use.
+
+	* proc.c: catch up this fix.
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vmdebug_proc_dump_raw): ditto.
+
+Wed Jul 15 02:27:22 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h, vm.c: remove rb_env_t::prev_envval because we can know it
+	  via env->ep.
+
+	  rb_vm_env_prev_envval(env) returns prev_envval via env->ep.
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_env_local_variables): change parameter type
+	  from VALUE (T_DATA/env) to `const rb_env_t *' to make same as
+	  rb_vm_env_prev_envval().
+
+	* proc.c: catch up these changes.
+
+	* vm_dump.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm.c: rename macros.
+
+	  * ENV_IN_HEAP_P() to VM_EP_IN_HEAP_P() because it uses ep.
+	  * ENV_VAL() to VM_ENV_EP_ENVVAL() because it is too short.
+
+Wed Jul 15 01:09:09 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c: refactoring Proc/Env related code.
+
+	* vm_core.h: remove blockprocval field from rb_proc_t and rb_binding_t.
+	  Instead of this field, mark given block in Proc at rb_env_t::env.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_make_env_each): make an Env object with this layout.
+	  And also simplify parameters.
+
+	* proc.c: catch up this fix.
+
+	* vm_core.h: remove rb_env_t::local_size because it is not used.
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vmdebug_env_dump_raw): catch up this fix.
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_make_env_object): remove rb_vm_make_env_object()
+	  because it is only referred from vm.c.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (eval_string_with_cref): catch up this fix.
+
+Wed Jul 15 00:03:36 2015  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* gc.c (__has_feature): move into internal.h.
+
+	* internal.h (__has_feature): ditto.
+
+	* internal.h (__has_extension): new macro.
+
+	* internal.h (STATIC_ASSERT): use _Static_assert with
+	  clang. [ruby-core:69931] [Bug #11343]
+
+Wed Jul 15 00:00:00 2015  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* random.c (fill_random_bytes_syscall): fix compile error with
+	  clang. [ruby-core:69931] [Bug #11343]
+
+Tue Jul 14 11:22:42 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/utils.rb (WEBrick::Utils::TimeoutHandler#register):
+	  notify the handler thread of new timeout registration.
+
+	* lib/webrick/utils.rb (WEBrick::Utils::TimeoutHandler#initialize):
+	  make sleep intervals adaptive than fixed period intervals.
+
+	* lib/webrick/server.rb (WEBrick::GenericServer#start): flush
+	  shutdown pipe.
+
+	* lib/webrick/server.rb (WEBrick::GenericServer#stop): request the
+	  server to stop immediately by sending data via shutdown pipe.
+
+Mon Jul 13 23:58:08 2015  Stefano Tortarolo  <stefano.tortarolo@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httpproxy.rb (WEBrick::HTTPProxyServer#do_CONNECT):
+	  fix typos in debugger statements.  [Fix GH-967]
+
+Mon Jul 13 19:11:35 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/timeout.rb (timeout): warn as deprecated for a long time.
+
+Mon Jul 13 01:37:27 2015  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c: [DOC] Backport ruby/openssl@dbb3fdb [Bug #11345]
+	  Thanks to Tomoya Chiba for the report and help with patch.
+
+Sun Jul 12 09:20:02 2015  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* ext/socket/basicsocket.c: [DOC] typo (Errno::AGAIN -> Errno::EAGAIN)
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c: ditto
+
+	* ext/socket/tcpserver.c: ditto
+
+	* ext/socket/udpsocket.c: ditto
+
+	* ext/socket/unixserver.c: ditto
+
+	* io.c: ditto
+
+Sun Jul 12 06:42:23 2015  ksss  <co000ri@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/stringio/test_stringio.rb (test_sysread): add a test for
+	  StringIO#sysread.  [Fix GH-966]
+
+Sat Jul 11 21:16:34 2015  ksss  <co000ri@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (Init_stringio): [DOC] Fix an example,
+	  StringIO#puts should be set "\n" at last.  [Fix GH-965]
+
+Sat Jul 11 12:45:51 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout#timeout): remove regexp with wrong line
+	  number and fix caller depth.
+
+Fri Jul 10 22:05:50 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/timeout.rb (ExitException): removed internal exception class
+	  and use Timeout::Error instead, as using throw/catch to isolate
+	  each timeouts now.  [ruby-dev:49179] [Bug #11344]
+
+Fri Jul 10 17:41:54 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (is_case_sensitive): get attributes by the file descriptor
+	  of open directory, instead of using mount point name.
+
+Fri Jul 10 10:46:02 2015  ksss  <co000ri@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (writable): remove unnecessary check for
+	  deprecated safe level 4.  [Fix GH-963]
+
+Thu Jul  9 15:07:12 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (waitpid): return immediately if interrupted.
+	  reported by <takkanm AT gmail.com> [ruby-dev:49176] [Bug #11340]
+
+Thu Jul  9 13:03:46 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_super_method): use CI_SET_FASTPATH().
+
+Thu Jul  9 11:07:06 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: remove rb_call_info_t::klass because
+	  rb_callable_method_entry_t has information about defined class.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_method): don't set ci->klass because
+	  it is removed.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (rb_equal_opt): ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_superclass): removed because it is too
+	  simple to write code directly.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_defined): don't use vm_search_superclass().
+	  This fix avoid searching current callable `me' twice.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_super_method): ditto.
+
+Thu Jul  9 10:03:10 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http/responses.rb: Added 308 status to CODE_TO_OBJ list.
+	  [fix GH-961] Patch by @billinghamj
+
+Thu Jul  9 09:34:14 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_control_frame_t): fix comments (layout index).
+
+Thu Jul  9 09:25:50 2015  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* parse.y: Improve duplicate key warning with patch by @andremedeiros
+	  [Fix GH-938] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/938 [Bug #11327]
+
+Wed Jul  8 07:43:01 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb: typo fix [ci skip][fix GH-958] Patch by @henrik
+
+Wed Jul  8 04:42:27 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_data_to_ary): dump kw_arg as symbol
+	* test/-ext-/iseq_load/test_iseq_load.rb: test kw_arg roundtrip
+	  [ruby-core:69891] [Bug #11338]
+
+Tue Jul  7 18:18:41 2015  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* random.c (fill_random_bytes_syscall): fix compile error.
+
+Tue Jul  7 16:47:30 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* compile.c (COMPILE_ERROR): reduce GET_THREAD() calls
+
+Tue Jul  7 16:39:04 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* random.c (fill_random_bytes_syscall): return -1 for error
+	* random.c (fill_random_bytes): try urandom on syscall failure
+
+Tue Jul  7 15:02:18 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_str_normalize_ospath): skip invalid byte sequence not
+	  to loop infinitely.  this case usually does not happen as the
+	  input name should come from real file systems.
+
+Tue Jul  7 14:40:08 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c: remove debug flag introduced accidentally.
+
+Tue Jul  7 12:05:37 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* cont.c (cont_free): remove mysterious fflush()
+	  introduced at r19890, maybe accidentally.
+
+Tue Jul  7 11:45:14 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_method_call): because data->me should be non-NULL,
+	  do not check data->me
+
+	* proc.c (method_inspect): ditto.
+
+Tue Jul  7 11:37:25 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: remove rb_iseq_t::orig because rb_iseq_clone()
+	  no longer exists.
+
+	* iseq.c: don't use rb_iseq_t::orig.
+
+Tue Jul 07 11:25:57 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c, internal.h (rb_iseq_clone): removed because we don't need to
+	  clone iseq any more.
+
+	* class.c (clone_method): share iseq between cloned methods. All of
+	  method dependent information are able to refer from method entry.
+
+Tue Jul  7 04:42:25 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* string.c (Init_String): use rb_str_freeze for String#freeze
+	  to resize internal buffer
+	  [ruby-core:69870] [Feature #11330]
+
+Tue Jul  7 04:12:32 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (vm_define_method): remove an unused local variable.
+
+Tue Jul  7 03:57:28 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: remove rb_iseq_t::defined_method_id because it is not
+	  needed.
+
+	* eval.c (frame_func_id): simplify. rb_callable_method_entry_t
+	  has enough information.
+
+	* eval.c (frame_called_id): ditto.
+
+	* iseq.c (prepare_iseq_build): catch up this fix.
+
+	* proc.c (rb_mod_define_method): ditto.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_define_method): ditto.
+
+Tue Jul  7 03:47:26 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: remove a useless declaration.
+
+Tue Jul  7 03:33:20 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: remove rb_iseq_t::klass to reduce dynamic data.
+
+	* internal.h, iseq.c (rb_iseq_klass): remove it because
+	  rb_iseq_t::klass is removed.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_super_outside): do not see cfp->iseq, but
+	  check callable method entry on a frame.
+	  This fix simplify the logic to search super class.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_method.rb: support super() from Proc.
+	  Now, [Bug #4881] and [Bug #3136] was solved.
+
+	* proc.c (rb_mod_define_method): catch up this change.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_define_method): ditto.
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c (rb_profile_frames): now, each `frame' objects
+	  are rb_callable_method_entry_t data or iseq VALUEs.
+
+	  This fix introduce minor compatibility issue that
+	  rb_profile_frame_label() always returns
+	  rb_profile_frame_base_label().
+
+	* test/-ext-/debug/test_profile_frames.rb: catch up this change.
+
+Tue Jul  7 01:52:14 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* cont.c (fiber_init): initialize control frame correctly.
+	  This fix does not affect any ordinal execution, but
+	  affects debug prints.
+
+Mon Jul  6 17:59:05 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_super_method): do not skip calling
+	  same methods in super.
+	  [Bug #3351]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_super.rb: fix a test.
+
+Mon Jul  6 17:59:11 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c: removed deprecated safe level.
+
+Mon Jul  6 17:16:37 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h, proc.c (rb_method_entry_location): make it static
+	  and remove prefix `rb_' because it is used only in proc.c.
+
+Mon Jul  6 16:42:10 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/lib/memory_status.rb: removed redundant path.
+
+Mon Jul  6 01:18:11 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: make @@project_dir one level
+	  upper as this file had moved one level deeper.
+
+Sun Jul  5 23:54:10 2015  mizokami  <suzunatsu@yahoo.com>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb: [DOC] Fix typo.
+
+Sun Jul  5 18:25:37 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_profile_record_get): fix spelling error in keys
+
+Sun Jul  5 14:49:01 2015  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* README.md: fix a typo pointed out by raoulvdberge.
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/953#commitcomment-11998186
+
+Sun Jul  5 12:56:20 2015  Irvi Firqotul Aini  <viarc7@gmail.com>
+
+	* README.md: Added link HowToReport bugs.
+
+Sun Jul  5 10:51:48 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_sort_bang): the original array may not be
+	  embedded even if a substitution array is embedded, as it is
+	  embedded when the original array is short enough but not
+	  embedded.  [ruby-dev:49166] [Bug #11332]
+
+Sun Jul  5 09:31:40 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb: test for fd=3 usability in child
+
+Sat Jul  4 19:43:31 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Add test case for empty array and first method with args.
+	  Patch by @yui-knk [fix GH-955]
+
+Sat Jul  4 19:39:08 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Add test for `Enumerable#sort` with block. Patch by @yui-knk
+	  [fix GH-954]
+
+Sat Jul  4 14:38:43 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* enum.c (zip_ary): remove volatile, use RB_GC_GUARD
+	  (zip_i): ditto
+
+Sat Jul  4 10:42:57 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb (teardown): do not delete features
+	  loaded from the original load paths, the same libraries should
+	  be loaded again when the same features are required.
+	  [ruby-dev:49031] [Bug #11222]
+
+Sat Jul  4 09:38:52 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_mark): reduce branches for always-set VM fields
+	  (rb_vm_add_root_module): ditto
+
+Fri Jul 03 20:05:10 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: introduce rb_callable_method_entry_t to remove
+	  rb_control_frame_t::klass.
+	  [Bug #11278], [Bug #11279]
+
+	  rb_method_entry_t data belong to modules/classes.
+	  rb_method_entry_t::owner points defined module or class.
+
+	    module M
+	      def foo; end
+	    end
+
+	  In this case, owner is M.
+
+	  rb_callable_method_entry_t data belong to only classes.
+	  For modules, MRI creates corresponding T_ICLASS internally.
+	  rb_callable_method_entry_t can also belong to T_ICLASS.
+
+	  rb_callable_method_entry_t::defined_class points T_CLASS or
+	  T_ICLASS.
+	  rb_method_entry_t data for classes (not for modules) are also
+	  rb_callable_method_entry_t data because it is completely same data.
+	  In this case, rb_method_entry_t::owner == rb_method_entry_t::defined_class.
+
+	  For example, there are classes C and D, and includes M,
+
+	    class C; include M; end
+	    class D; include M; end
+
+	  then, two T_ICLASS objects for C's super class and D's super class
+	  will be created.
+
+	  When C.new.foo is called, then M#foo is searched and
+	  rb_callable_method_t data is used by VM to invoke M#foo.
+
+	  rb_method_entry_t data is only one for M#foo.
+	  However, rb_callable_method_entry_t data are two (and can be more).
+	  It is proportional to the number of including (and prepending)
+	  classes (the number of T_ICLASS which point to the module).
+
+	  Now, created rb_callable_method_entry_t are collected when
+	  the original module M was modified. We can think it is a cache.
+
+	  We need to select what kind of method entry data is needed.
+	  To operate definition, then you need to use rb_method_entry_t.
+
+	  You can access them by the following functions.
+
+	  * rb_method_entry(VALUE klass, ID id);
+	  * rb_method_entry_with_refinements(VALUE klass, ID id);
+	  * rb_method_entry_without_refinements(VALUE klass, ID id);
+	  * rb_resolve_refined_method(VALUE refinements, const rb_method_entry_t *me);
+
+	  To invoke methods, then you need to use rb_callable_method_entry_t
+	  which you can get by the following APIs corresponding to the
+	  above listed functions.
+
+	  * rb_callable_method_entry(VALUE klass, ID id);
+	  * rb_callable_method_entry_with_refinements(VALUE klass, ID id);
+	  * rb_callable_method_entry_without_refinements(VALUE klass, ID id);
+	  * rb_resolve_refined_method_callable(VALUE refinements, const rb_callable_method_entry_t *me);
+
+	  VM pushes rb_callable_method_entry_t, so that rb_vm_frame_method_entry()
+	  returns rb_callable_method_entry_t.
+	  You can check a super class of current method by
+	  rb_callable_method_entry_t::defined_class.
+
+	* method.h: renamed from rb_method_entry_t::klass to
+	  rb_method_entry_t::owner.
+
+	* internal.h: add rb_classext_struct::callable_m_tbl to cache
+	  rb_callable_method_entry_t data.
+
+	  We need to consider about this field again because it is only
+	  active for T_ICLASS.
+
+	* class.c (method_entry_i): ditto.
+
+	* class.c (rb_define_attr): rb_method_entry() does not takes
+	  defined_class_ptr.
+
+	* gc.c (mark_method_entry): mark RCLASS_CALLABLE_M_TBL() for T_ICLASS.
+
+	* cont.c (fiber_init): rb_control_frame_t::klass is removed.
+
+	* proc.c: fix `struct METHOD' data structure because
+	  rb_callable_method_t has all information.
+
+	* vm_core.h: remove several fields.
+	  * rb_control_frame_t::klass.
+	  * rb_block_t::klass.
+
+	  And catch up changes.
+
+	* eval.c: catch up changes.
+
+	* gc.c: ditto.
+
+	* insns.def: ditto.
+
+	* vm.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_args.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_dump.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_eval.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_method.c: ditto.
+
+Fri Jul  3 14:30:18 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/file.c: some mingw compilers need a tweek for the
+	  declarations of _wfreopen_s.  [Bug #11320]
+
+Fri Jul  3 12:25:19 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* transcode.c (rb_econv_set_replacement): target encoding name can
+	  be empty now.  [ruby-core:69841] [Bug #11324]
+
+Fri Jul  3 07:21:06 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_io_nonblock_noex.rb: new benchmark
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (no_exception_p): new function
+	  (ossl_start_ssl): adjust for no_exception_p
+	  (ossl_ssl_connect): adjust ossl_start_ssl call
+	  (ossl_ssl_connect_nonblock): ditto
+	  (ossl_ssl_accept): ditto
+	  (ossl_ssl_accept_nonblock): ditto
+	  (ossl_ssl_read_internal): adjust for no_exception_p
+	  (ossl_ssl_write_internal): ditto
+	  (ossl_ssl_write): adjust ossl_write_internal call
+	  (ossl_ssl_write_nonblock): ditto
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_read_nonblock):
+	  delay exception check
+	* io.c (no_exception_p): new function
+	  (io_getpartial): call no_exception_p
+	  (io_readpartial): adjust for io_getpartial
+	  (get_kwargs_exception): remove
+	  (io_read_nonblock): adjust for io_getpartial,
+	  check no_exception_p on EOF
+	  (io_write_nonblock): call no_exception_p
+	  (rb_io_write_nonblock): do not check `exception: false'
+	  (argf_getpartial): adjust for io_getpartial
+	  [ruby-core:69778] [Feature #11318]
+
+Fri Jul  3 07:13:11 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (replace_real_basename): Win32 API does not set errno, get
+	  the last error by GetLastError() and map to errno.  [Bug #10015]
+
+Thu Jul  2 21:32:06 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (replace_real_basename): show warnings at errors.
+	  [Bug #10015]
+
+Thu Jul  2 18:39:20 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: remove `#define RGENGC_OBJ_INFO 1' line introduced to
+	  debug Bug #11244.
+
+Thu Jul  2 18:34:26 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_raw_obj_info): separated from rb_obj_info().
+	  Fill internal object information into passed buffer.
+
+	* gc.h: declare rb_raw_obj_info().
+
+Thu Jul  2 16:15:04 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (replace_real_basename): update path type by the target
+	  attributes if possible, to improve the performance.  [Bug #10015]
+
+Thu Jul  2 14:45:53 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* st.c: get rid of VC++'s warnings of C4700 (uninitialized local
+	  variable used).  I think that these are wrong, but should shut them
+	  up.
+
+Thu Jul  2 14:15:50 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb (Gem.load_path_insert_index): search
+	  @gem_prelude_index first.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb (Gem::TestCase#setup): keep already
+	  expanded paths to preserve instance variables.
+
+Thu Jul  2 14:12:01 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (process_options): also copy initial load path marks at
+	  setting load paths encoding.
+
+Thu Jul  2 12:26:11 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_server.rb (process_based_port): use
+	  dynamically chosen port numbers to get rid of conflicts.
+
+Thu Jul  2 11:58:59 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_specification.rb: skip tests which the
+	  platform does not permit the filename of its test file.
+
+Thu Jul  2 11:36:20 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_resolver_git_specification.rb: require
+	  rubygems/installer.rb before Gem::TestCase#setup runs, otherwise
+	  as Gem::TestCase#teardown restores $LOADED_FEATURES to the state
+	  at that time, the requiring the file in GitSpecification#install
+	  method causes a lot of constant redefinitions.
+
+Thu Jul  2 10:43:36 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/rubysocket.h: flags for common socket families
+	  (rsock_getfamily): update signature
+	* include/ruby/io.h: comment socket FMODE flags
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_getfamily): memoize family
+	* ext/socket/basicsocket.c: adjust rsock_getfamily calls
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c: ditto
+	  [ruby-core:69713] [Feature #11298]
+
+Thu Jul  2 10:30:01 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/resolver.rb: fixed NameError of Gem::Util::NULL_DEVICE.
+
+Thu Jul  2 09:51:44 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/resolver.rb: fix error of null device reference with DOSISH
+	  platform.
+
+Thu Jul  2 06:49:44 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems: Update to RubyGems HEAD(c202db2).
+	  this version contains many enhancements see http://git.io/vtNwF
+	* test/rubygems: ditto.
+
+Wed Jul  1 23:50:34 2015  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* test/net/http/test_httpresponse.rb
+	(HTTPResponseTest#test_read_body_content_encoding_deflate_uppercase):
+	fix a failure without zlib.
+
+Wed Jul  1 10:54:56 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Add test for Enumerable#none? [fix GH-950] Patch by @yui-knk
+
+Wed Jul  1 09:30:36 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* struct.c (struct_set_members): hide internal back_members
+	  object, and members object does not need to be duped as it
+	  should be frozen and hidden.
+
+Wed Jul  1 09:28:47 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* struct.c (struct_member_pos): revert r51080 to fix other
+	  implicit conversions but cast the return value to fix the
+	  previous implicit conversion.
+
+Wed Jul  1 08:47:24 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* struct.c (struct_member_pos): avoid implicit conversion loses
+	  integer precision: 'long' to 'int'.
+
+Wed Jul  1 05:57:03 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_add_method_iseq): add RB_GC_GUARD
+	* class.c (clone_method): remove RB_GC_GUARD
+	* struct.c (define_aref_method): ditto
+	  (define_aset_method): ditto
+	* vm.c (vm_define_method):
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_clone): add RB_GC_GUARD
+
+Wed Jul  1 05:43:58 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* struct.c (AREF_HASH_THRESHOLD): new macro
+	  (id_back_members): new ID
+	  (struct_member_pos_ideal): new function
+	  (struct_member_pos_probe): ditto
+	  (struct_set_members): ditto
+	  (struct_member_pos): ditto
+	  (rb_struct_getmember): use struct_member_pos for O(1) access
+	  (rb_struct_aref_sym): ditto
+	  (rb_struct_aset_sym): ditto
+	  (setup_struct): call struct_set_members
+	  (struct_define_without_accessor): ditto
+	  (Init_Struct): initialize __members_back__
+	  [ruby-core:66851] [ruby-core:69705] [ruby-core:69821]
+
+Tue Jun 30 23:12:08 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_reopen): FilePathValue() ensures the path
+	  NUL-terminated and frozen, so it is unnecessary to make it shared.
+
+Tue Jun 30 23:11:53 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (check_dirname): ensure path name NUL-terminated for
+	  SHARABLE_MIDDLE_SUBSTRING.
+
+	* io.c (rb_sysopen): ditto.
+
+Tue Jun 30 18:38:16 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/file.c (rb_freopen): need to terminate by NUL.
+
+Tue Jun 30 17:28:25 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_reopen): freopen(3) with OS encoding path.
+	  [ruby-core:69780] [Bug #11320]
+
+	* win32/file.c (rb_freopen): wrapper of wchar version freopen(3).
+	  use _wfreopen_s() if available.
+
+Tue Jun 30 08:24:08 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_oflags_modestr): handle O_TRUNC correctly
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_reopen_stdio): new test
+	  Patch-by: cremno phobia <cremno@mail.ru>
+	  [ruby-core:69779] [Bug #11319]
+
+Tue Jun 30 02:47:02 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/st.h (struct st_table): hide struct list_head
+	* st.c (struct st_table_entry): adjust struct
+	  (head, tail): remove shortcut macros
+	  (st_head): new wrapper function
+	  (st_init_table_with_size): adjust to new struct and API
+	  (st_clear): ditto
+	  (add_direct): ditto
+	  (unpack_entries): ditto
+	  (rehash): ditto
+	  (st_copy): ditto
+	  (remove_entry): ditto
+	  (st_shift): ditto
+	  (st_foreach_check): ditto
+	  (st_foreach): ditto
+	  (get_keys): ditto
+	  (get_values): ditto
+	  (st_values_check): ditto
+	  (st_reverse_foreach_check): ditto (unused)
+	  (st_reverse_foreach): ditto (unused)
+	  [ruby-core:69726] [Misc #10278]
+
+Mon Jun 29 17:38:01 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* insns.def (defineclass): do not quote unprintable characters at
+	  raising an exception.
+
+Mon Jun 29 16:01:24 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http/response.rb (inflater): CONTENT_ENCODING can be upper
+	  case. [ruby-core:69670] [Bug #11285] patched by Andy Chu
+
+Mon Jun 29 14:50:08 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (add_activated_refinement): should not include the original
+	  class.
+
+Mon Jun 29 12:09:10 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* README.md: tweak styles. [fix GH-945][ci skip] Patch by @bryndyment
+
+Mon Jun 29 07:23:55 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* template/sizes.c.tmpl: extract RUBY_DEFINT to define sizes of
+	  types checked by configure.in, and fix size of intptr_t in
+	  universal binary.
+
+Mon Jun 29 02:10:10 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* insns.def (defineclass): preserve encoding of name in error
+	  messages for super class mismatch.
+
+	* insns.def (defineclass): preserve encoding of name in error
+	  messages for non-class super.
+
+	* insns.def (defineclass): preserve encoding of name in error
+	  messages when already defined but type mismatch.
+
+Sun Jun 28 12:07:35 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (rb_define_class_id_under): raise TypeError exception
+	  same as ruby level class definition when superclass mismatch.
+
+Sun Jun 14 19:02:03 2015  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (makeport): close the TCPServer
+	  when sending the port fails.
+
+	* test/net/ftp/test_ftp.rb: test for above.
+
+Fri Jun 26 12:48:37 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* transcode.c (load_transcoder_entry): fix transcoder loading race
+	  condition, by waiting in require.  [ruby-dev:49106] [Bug #11277]
+
+Fri Jun 26 07:53:56 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_minmax): simplify return value creation
+	* test/ruby/test_enum.rb: test behavior on empty
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_fetch_m): remove unnecessary volatile since r41597
+	  (env_reject_bang): trade volatile for GC guard
+	  (env_select): ditto
+	  (env_select_bang): ditto
+	  (env_keep_if): ditto
+	  (rb_env_clear): ditto
+
+Thu Jun 25 21:24:28 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/-ext-/popen_deadlock/test_popen_deadlock.rb: test [Bug #11265]
+
+	* ext/-test-/popen_deadlock/infinite_loop_dlsym.c: new ext to call
+	  dlsym(3) infinitely without GVL, used in the above test.
+
+	* ext/-test-/popen_deadlock/extconf.rb: extconf.rb for the above
+	  ext. Currently, only enabled on Solaris (main target) and Linux
+	  (as a reference platform and for debugging the ext).
+
+Thu Jun 25 19:24:25 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: not to use vfork on Solaris to avoid deadlock
+	  occurred in vfork(2) with multi-threading and dynamic linker
+	  on Solaris. [Bug #11265] [ruby-dev:49089]
+
+Thu Jun 25 18:25:41 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/lib/envutil.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert_no_memory_leak):
+	  NO_MEMORY_LEAK_ENVS is moved to Memory::NO_MEMORY_LEAK_ENVS
+	  to reduce child executions during test-all on Solaris.
+
+	* test/lib/memory_status.rb (Memory::NO_MEMORY_LEAK_ENVS): ditto.
+
+Thu Jun 25 17:32:33 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_create): need to call
+	  method_definition_reset() if def is given.
+
+	  Actually, `me' is a new object, so we don't need to call it.
+	  It is just to make sure.
+
+	* vm_method.c (method_definition_reset): remove duplicated insertion.
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_clone): assign dst->def here,
+	  not in method_definition_reset().
+
+Thu Jun 25 16:44:54 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_method.c: make a rb_method_definition_t data (def) *after* making
+	  a rb_method_entry_t data (me).
+
+	  Normally, `me' points `def'. Some Ruby objects pointed from `def'
+	  and objects are marked by `me' (mark_method_entry() in gc.c).
+	  However, `def' is built before making a `me', then nobody can mark
+	  objects pointed from `def' before making (and pointing from) `me'.
+
+	  I hope this patch solve #11244.
+
+	* vm_method.c: remove `rb_' prefix from some static functions.
+
+	* method.h (rb_method_entry_create): constify
+
+	* gc.c (mark_method_entry): add checking `def' and
+	  `def->body.iseq.iseqptr' availability because they can be NULL.
+
+Thu Jun 25 14:14:16 2015  takiy33  <takiy33@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/test_prime.rb (test_eratosthenes_works_fine_after_timeout):
+	  use spaces instead of TABs in ruby codes.  [Fix GH-944]
+
+Thu Jun 25 07:08:35 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (obj_info, method_type_name): show method type name in a string
+	  instead of a number.
+
+Thu Jun 25 06:49:25 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (obj_info): show more details for T_IMEMO/imemo_ment.
+
+Thu Jun 25 06:40:46 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_definition_reset): need a WB for
+	  VM_METHOD_TYPE_ATTRSET.
+
+Thu Jun 25 03:33:21 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (RGENGC_OBJ_INFO, obj_info): add a macro to enable/disable
+	  rich obj_info() output.
+
+	  At the default, the value of RGENGC_OBJ_INFO is
+	  (RGENGC_DEBUG | RGENGC_CHECK_MODE).
+
+	* gc.c (RGENGC_OBJ_INFO): force enable it to debug #11244.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_ptr): print more details with obj_info().
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_children): remove useless debug prints.
+
+Thu Jun 25 02:40:33 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_read_internal):
+	  do not process kwargs in blocking mode
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: test sysread
+
+Wed Jun 24 16:54:11 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_children): add additional debug code for #11244.
+
+Wed Jun 24 16:05:42 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_justify): use RB_GC_GUARD
+
+Wed Jun 24 14:25:17 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_ptr): add a check code for #11244.
+
+	  It should be removed later. But we can remain this check
+	  because it is only a branch.
+
+Wed Jun 24 12:49:11 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_fstring_cstr): new function to make a fstring from
+	  a string literal.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_fstring_lit): new macro to make a fstring from a
+	  string literal.
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_strlen_lit): new macro to get the
+	  length of a string literal, borrowed from mruby/mruby@e4afd53.
+
+Wed Jun 24 12:21:16 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c: Update documentation for Regexp class.
+	  [fix GH-937][ci skip] Patch by @davydovanton
+
+Wed Jun 24 09:23:03 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* variable.c (generic_ivar_set): remove FL_ABLE check
+	  (gen_ivar_copy): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:69715]
+
+Wed Jun 24 08:28:15 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_recvmsg_internal): reduce stack use
+	  [ruby-core:69595] [Feature #11263]
+
+Tue Jun 23 14:32:42 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (name_err_receiver): raise ArgumentError if no receiver
+	  is available on this exception object.  [Feature #10881]
+
+Tue Jun 23 09:48:34 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* dir.c (check_dirname): avoid volatile, use return value
+	  (dir_s_chroot, dir_s_mkdir, dir_s_rmdir): adjust callers
+
+Tue Jun 23 06:37:10 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* struct.c (struct_ivar_get): cache member definition in a subclass
+	  Thanks to Sokolov Yura aka funny_falcon <funny.falcon@gmail.com>
+	  in https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/10585
+
+Tue Jun 23 04:58:06 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_big_href_hi.rb: new benchmark
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_big_href_lo.rb: ditto
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_big_hset.rb: ditto
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_small_href.rb: ditto
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_struct_small_hset.rb: ditto
+	  Thanks to Sokolov Yura aka funny_falcon <funny.falcon@gmail.com>
+	  in https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/10585
+
+Mon Jun 22 18:08:48 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Parallel#start_watchdog): removed
+	  because it has been meaningless since r36385. [Bug #11288]
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Parallel#_run_parallel): delete
+	  lines related to the removed start_watchdog method
+
+Sun Jun 21 23:52:46 2015  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* NEWS: mention about Array#bsearch_index and Hash#fetch_values.
+
+Sun Jun 21 23:46:27 2015  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* NEWS: add a reference to a ticket.
+
+Sun Jun 21 20:28:09 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h (roomof): extract from type_roomof, and move from
+	  bignum.c.
+
+Sun Jun 21 18:32:37 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby_atomic.h (ATOMIC_PTR_CAS): define by generic CAS macro, not
+	  via size_t, to suppress a warning by mingw gcc.
+
+Sun Jun 21 05:31:41 2015  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c(dump_object): Return empty JSON object when
+	  passed object is a special const, instead of SEGV.
+	  Based patch by Kohei Suzuki (eagletmt). [ruby-core:69692] [Bug #11291]
+
+	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb(test_dump_special_consts): Test for above fix.
+
+
+Sat Jun 20 03:56:58 2015  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/make_encmake.rb: the list of encoding extension libraries must
+	  not include encinit.c itself.  It caused "undefined reference to
+	  Init_encinit".
+
+Sat Jun 20 02:03:53 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (rb_execarg_parent_start1): new macro ALWAYS_NEED_ENVP
+	  to generate envp_str anytime on Solaris 10 (or earlier version
+	  of Solaris) to avoid calling execv() which is async-signal unsafe
+	  on Solaris 10. [Bug #11265] [ruby-dev:49089]
+
+	* process.c (exec_with_sh, proc_exec_cmd): On Solaris 10,
+	  because ALWAYS_NEED_ENVP is 1 and envp_str is always generated,
+	  execv() in exec_with_sh() and proc_exec_cmd() are never called.
+	  To guarantee this, execv() is replaced by a macro to print
+	  out error message on Solaris 10.
+
+	* process.c (proc_exec_sh): Because proc_exec_sh() may be called
+	  by rb_proc_exec() with envp_str = Qfalse, execl() is replaced
+	  by a macro that calls execle() with "extern char **environ"
+	  traditional global variable on Solaris 10.
+	  TODO: This may be unsafe and should be changed in the future.
+	  Although rb_proc_exec() is not used from inside current version
+	  of ruby, it may be called by third-party extensions.
+
+Sat Jun 20 01:10:13 2015  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* NEWS: mention about $SAFE.
+
+Fri Jun 19 14:53:35 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_mod_define_method): now requires a block direct to
+	  this method call.  [ruby-core:69655] [Bug #11283]
+
+Fri Jun 19 13:54:43 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_mod_define_method): get rid of inadvertent ID
+	  creations at error.
+
+Fri Jun 19 07:58:11 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb: if no with-ext option is given, default to
+	  enable everything.  [ruby-dev:49108] [Bug #11280]
+
+Fri Jun 19 06:30:07 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_method.rb: remove a test because $SAFE=2 was
+	  obsolete.
+
+	  Please check btest, too.
+
+Thu Jun 18 23:51:51 2015  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* bin/erb: $SAFE=3 is obsolete.
+
+Thu Jun 18 23:45:11 2015  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* safe.c: removed needless doc related $SAFE=2
+
+Thu Jun 18 23:38:07 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_safe_level): fix document.  $SAFE=3 is obsolete.
+	  [ci skip]
+
+Thu Jun 18 23:25:51 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb: configure intersection of with-ext and not
+	  without-ext, as withouts is no longer true by default if
+	  with-ext option is given.  [ruby-dev:49108] [Bug #11280]
+
+Thu Jun 18 23:20:46 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: $SAFE=2 is now obsolete.
+
+	* dir.c, ext/fiddle/handle.c, ext/socket/basicsocket.c, file.c
+	  gc.c, io.c, process.c, safe.c, signal.c, win32/file.c:
+	  removed code for $SAFE=2
+
+	* test/erb/test_erb.rb, test/fiddle/test_handle.rb
+	  test/ruby/test_env.rb: removed tests for $SAFE=2.
+
+Thu Jun 18 22:50:07 2015  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/make_encmake.rb: added --transes and --no-transes options.
+
+Thu Jun 18 18:24:12 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: replace sleep with select
+
+Thu Jun 18 17:59:06 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_control_frame_id_and_class): remove useless codes.
+	  `me' knows ID and owner class.
+
+Thu Jun 18 16:58:35 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: constify rb_method_alias_struct::original_me and
+	  rb_method_refined_struct::orig_me.
+
+	* class.c (move_refined_method): use RB_OBJ_WRITE() for
+	  me->def->body.refined.orig_me.
+
+Thu Jun 18 14:35:28 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (count_imemo_objects): support imemo_ment.
+
+Thu Jun 18 13:32:46 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (name_err_receiver): add NameError#receiver method.
+	  [Feature #10881]
+
+Thu Jun 18 10:00:06 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* safe.c: removed needless doc related $SAFE=3
+
+Thu Jun 18 09:59:23 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* safe.c: rename old method name for $SAFE=3
+
+Thu Jun 18 06:02:42 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* compile.c (get_exception_sym2type, iseq_build_from_ary_body):
+	  rely on %+PRIsVALUE instead of calling rb_inspect directly
+
+Wed Jun 17 20:59:25 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (ENC_MK): needs fake.rb if cross compilation.
+	  [ruby-dev:49098] [Bug #11272]
+
+Wed Jun 17 20:23:29 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/rbconfig/sizeof/extconf.rb: Check __float80.
+
+Wed Jun 17 15:15:53 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* safe.c (safe_setter): of course, don't have to warn the limitation of
+	  $SAFE=3 after it's removed.
+
+Wed Jun 17 14:29:43 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: $SAFE=3 is now obsolete.
+
+	* ext/socket/init.c, ext/socket/socket.c, ext/socket/tcpsocket.c
+	  ext/socket/udpsocket.c, gc.c, object.c, re.c, safe.c: removed code
+	  for $SAFE=3
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_method.rb, test/erb/test_erb.rb, test/ruby/test_dir.rb
+	  test/ruby/test_file.rb, test/ruby/test_method.rb, test/ruby/test_regexp.rb
+	  test/ruby/test_thread.rb: remove tests for $SAFE=3
+
+Wed Jun 17 12:13:33 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ChangeLog: added contributor name.
+
+Wed Jun 17 10:57:28 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb: accept to use Range object for row selection.
+	  contributed by Mitsutaka Mimura.
+	  [Feature #11267][ruby-dev:49091]
+
+Wed Jun 17 09:50:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/servlet.rb (documentation_search, root_search):
+	  requires json for JSON.dump and fix sporadic failures due to
+	  the loading order.
+
+Tue Jun 16 19:19:53 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/rbconfig/sizeof/extconf.rb: Check several types defined in C99
+	  and x86_64 ABI.
+
+	* template/sizes.c.tmpl: Relax a pattern for types.
+
+Tue Jun 16 17:37:01 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb: relax pattern because uncollectible
+	  flag and marked flag can be false at major GC.
+	  [Bug #10852]
+
+Tue Jun 16 04:50:44 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/basicsocket.c (bsock_recv): document outbuf
+	* ext/socket/unixsocket.c (unix_recvfrom): ditto
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_strbuf, recvfrom_locktmp): new functions
+	  (rsock_s_recvfrom): support destination buffer as 3rd arg
+	  (rsock_s_recvfrom_nonblock): ditto
+	* string.c (rb_str_locktmp_ensure): export for internal ext
+	* test/socket/test_nonblock.rb: test recv_nonblock
+	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: test recv
+	  [ruby-core:69543] [Feature #11242]
+
+Tue Jun 16 04:38:02 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_sendmsg_internal,
+	  bsock_recvmsg_internal):
+	  support "exception: false" kwarg
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_s_recvfrom_nonblock):
+	  ditto
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_s_recvfrom_nonblock): use rsock_opt_false_p
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_connect_nonblock): ditto
+	* ext/socket/rubysocket.h (rsock_opt_false_p): new function
+	* ext/socket/basicsocket.c (bsock_recv_nonblock): update rdoc
+	* ext/socket/udpsocket.c (udp_recvfrom_nonblock): ditto
+	* test/socket/test_nonblock.rb: new tests
+	  [ruby-core:69542] [Feature #11229]
+
+Mon Jun 15 14:33:02 2015  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/set.rb: Make Set#each and SortedSet#each generate a sized
+	  enumerator. [GH-931] by kachick (Kenichi Kamiya)
+
+	* test/test_set.rb: Import tests from Set into SortedSet. [GH-931]
+	  by kachick (Kenichi Kamiya)
+
+Mon Jun 15 02:26:34 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP#connect): use connect_nonblock and
+	  io/wait to eliminate timeout use. fix GH-899
+
+Sat Jun 13 07:21:18 2015  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_start_func_2): don't interrupt when last thread
+	  exit unless main thread is already exited. Otherwise main thread
+	  could be wrongly interrupted when it uses rb_thread_call_without_gvl().
+	  Patch by Takehiro Kubo. [Bug #11237][ruby-dev:49044][GH-898]
+
+	* test/-ext-/gvl/test_last_thread.rb: new test for the above fix.
+
+	* ext/-test-/gvl/call_without_gvl/call_without_gvl.c: new ext for
+	  the above test.
+	* ext/-test-/gvl/call_without_gvl/extconf.rb: ditto.
+
+Mon Jun 15 00:14:33 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb (descend): Blockless form supported.
+	  (ascend): Ditto.
+	  [ruby-core:68820] [Feature #11052] Patch by Piotr Szotkowski.
+
+Sun Jun 14 20:09:25 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* time.c (time_getlocaltime): [DOC] Add examples of valid utc_offset
+	  formats.
+	  [ruby-core:68306] [Misc #10905] Patch by Charles Korn.
+
+Sun Jun 14 18:49:56 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (parse_numeric_port): Detect
+	  port overflow.
+	  (numeric_getaddrinfo): Use parse_numeric_port.
+	  numeric_getaddrinfo fails if port is too big now.
+	  This makes rb_getaddrinfo invokes the real getaddrinfo()
+	  on such condition.
+	  This change is related to [ruby-core:69355] [Bug #11179].
+
+Sun Jun 14 17:26:03 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_chunk_while): New method Enumerable#chunk_while.
+	  [ruby-core:67738] [Feature #10769] proposed by Tsuyoshi Sawada.
+
+Sun Jun 14 17:20:40 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_load_ok): try opening file without gvl not to
+	  lock entire process.  [Bug #11060]
+
+Sun Jun 14 10:43:50 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/runruby.rb: just remove the lines of RUBY_VERSION check and raise
+	  instead of replacing the check to `true`, for getting rid of a
+	  warning `possibly useless use of true in void context`.
+
+Sun Jun 14 10:13:55 2015  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/source.rb (REXML::IOSource#scan): Fix a typo in
+	  document. [fix GH-934]
+	  Patch by Anton Davydov. Thanks!!!
+
+Sun Jun 14 10:09:48 2015  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/attlistdecl.rb (REXML::AttlistDecl): Fix a typo in
+	  document. [fix GH-934]
+	  Patch by Anton Davydov. Thanks!!!
+
+Sun Jun 14 06:24:57 2015  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: add test for IO.binread fd leak.
+	  See r50881.
+
+Sun Jun 14 05:23:51 2015  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_s_binread): close fd if seek offset is invalid.
+
+Sun Jun 14 04:40:32 2015  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/lib/leakchecker.rb (check): refactor.
+
+Sun Jun 14 04:34:14 2015  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/lib/leakchecker.rb: Return false for no leaks.
+	  Otherwise the GC could run for nothing.
+
+Sun Jun 14 04:15:40 2015  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/delegate.rb: [DOC] Update SimpleDelegator example. [ci skip]
+
+Sat Jun 13 20:28:14 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_stat_ino): get inode from the interval of struct st.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (stati64_set_inode): get nFileIndexHigh/Low, and set it
+	  to the interval of struct st as inode.
+	  [Feature #11216]
+
+	* win32/win32.c (stati64_set_inode_handle): call stati64_set_inode.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_fstati64): call stati64_set_inode_handle.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (stati64_handle): call stati64_set_inode.
+
+Sat Jun 13 19:44:53 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/depend (.list.chksum): revert a part of r50859, because
+	  it was not mentioned at its commit log and it caused a build error on
+	  Windows ($(MAKE) is already quoted).
+
+Sat Jun 13 17:35:11 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_thread_t): add th->name.
+
+	* vm.c (th_init): initialize th->name.
+
+	* thread.c (Init_Thread): add Thread.name and name=. [Feature #11251]
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_inspect): show thread's name if set.
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_getname): defined.
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_setname): ditto.
+
+Sat Jun 13 11:39:43 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/tempfile.rb: Fix typo. [fix GH-933] Patch by @Zorbash
+
+Sat Jun 13 11:38:00 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c: fix documentation on ocsp response cert status.
+	  [fix GH-932] Patch by @chrisholmes
+
+Sat Jun 13 11:35:19 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.gemspec: Fix require paths for released gem.
+	  [fix GH-929] Patch by @voxik
+	* ext/io/console/io-console.gemspec: ditto.
+
+Sat Jun 13 00:45:08 2015  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/prime.rb: Return sized enumerators.
+	  Patch by Kenichi Kamiya [GH-931]
+
+Sat Jun 13 00:45:06 2015  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/prime.rb: Fix with_object with no block given
+
+Sat Jun 13 00:44:59 2015  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/prime.rb: Have with_index accept an offset parameter.
+	  Based on patch by T Yamada. [#11007]
+
+Fri Jun 12 22:21:12 2015  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_extlibs.rb (TestExtLibs::check_existence): fix
+	  error. [Bug #11255] [ruby-dev:49079]
+
+Fri Jun 12 21:17:46 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* pack.c (pack_{un,}pack): new template character `j` and `J`, pointer
+	  with signed and unsigned integers.
+
+	* NEWS: mention about this feature.
+	  [Feature #11215] [ruby-dev:49015]
+
+Fri Jun 12 21:01:44 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (File::SHARE_DELETE): new flag to be able to delete opened file
+	  on Windows.
+
+	* include/win32/win32.c (O_SHARE_DELETE): new pseudo file mode flag.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_{w,}open): support above flag.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
+
+	* NEWS: mention about this feature.
+	  [Feature #11218] [ruby-dev:49022]
+
+Fri Jun 12 18:21:45 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ChangeLog: added missing commit message.
+
+Fri Jun 12 18:20:37 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* sample/exyacc.rb: Fix some typos. [fix GH-927] Patch by @davydovanton
+	* sample/list.rb: ditto.
+	* sample/trick2013/kinaba/remarks.markdown: ditto.
+
+Fri Jun 12 17:34:14 2015  Wojciech Mach  <wojtek@wojtekmach.pl>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_fetch_values): add `Hash#fetch_values`.
+	  [Feature #10017] [Fix GH-776]
+
+Fri Jun 12 16:28:17 2015  Radan Skoric  <radan.skoric@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_bsearch_index): Implement Array#bsearch_index
+	  method, which is similar to bsearch and returns the index or
+	  nil.  [Feature #10730]
+
+Thu Jun 11 19:11:22 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c: Fix indentation for rdoc.
+	  [Bug #11221][ruby-core:69465]
+
+Thu Jun 11 16:23:37 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h (METHOD_ENTRY_BASIC_SET): fix last commit (unbalanced parens).
+
+Thu Jun 11 15:14:16 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: define SET_THREAD_NAME if it has pthread_set_name_np
+	  for FreeBSD, and don't define it if both pthread_setname_np
+	  and pthread_set_name_np don't exist.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (SET_THREAD_NAME): don't define if they don't exist.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_set_thread_name): run if SET_THREAD_NAME
+	  is defined.
+
+Thu Jun 11 15:53:31 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h (METHOD_ENTRY_BASIC_SET): should clear last bit.
+
+Thu Jun 11 14:34:45 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb: bump version to 2.4.7 and 2.4.8. these versions fixed
+	  CVE-2015-3900.
+	* lib/rubygems/remote_fetcher.rb: ditto.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_remote_fetcher.rb: added testcase for CVE-2015-3900
+
+Thu Jun 11 14:18:51 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb: bump version to 2.4.6. It's missing change at r49774.
+
+Thu Jun 11 13:50:19 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (ary_ensure_room_for_push): check if array size will
+	  exceed maximum size to get rid of buffer overflow.
+	  [ruby-dev:49043] [Bug #11235]
+
+	* array.c (ary_ensure_room_for_unshift, rb_ary_splice): ditto.
+
+Thu Jun 11 13:17:34 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/test_cmath.rb (TestCMath#test_trigonometric_functions): should
+	  not compare float values (in complex values) by `==`.
+
+Thu Jun 11 08:52:01 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: embed rb_method_entry_t::attr::flags (5 bits) into
+	  rb_method_entry_t::flags to make one word spare space.
+
+	  Add some macros to access these flags.
+
+	* vm_method.c: use these macros.
+
+	* internal.h: define IMEMO_FL_USHIFT and IMEMO_FL_USER[0-4]
+	  for T_IMEMO local flags.
+
+Thu Jun 11 08:27:06 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c: use VM_ASSERT instead of assert().
+
+	* vm_args.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_method.c: ditto.
+
+Thu Jun 11 08:16:48 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: define VM_ASSERT() for assertion
+	  enabled only when (VM_CHECK_MODE > 0).
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: move definition VM_CHECK_MODE
+	  from vm_insnhelper.c to vm_core.h.
+
+	* vm.c: remove <assert.h>
+
+Thu Jun 11 06:46:07 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (check_frame): check type of cref_or_me first.
+
+Thu Jun 11 04:34:39 2015  Kazuki Tanaka  <gogotanaka@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/test_cmath.rb: Add some assertions.
+
+Thu Jun 11 00:34:39 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* template/fake.rb.in: expanded macro result may have spaces
+	  between tokens.  [ruby-dev:49047] [Bug #11243]
+
+Wed Jun 10 22:27:32 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb: revert r50804 because of build failure when specifying
+	  LDFLAGS during configure, observed on Solaris with GCC 4.6.
+	  [Bug #11245]
+
+Wed Jun 10 21:59:51 2015  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* README.ja.md: fix markup miss.
+
+Wed Jun 10 11:06:25 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* template/fake.rb.in: turn into erb template from autoconf
+	  template to fake more accurately.
+
+	* common.mk (fake.rb): needs preprocessed file now.
+
+	* version.c (Init_version): add dummy expression to
+	  RUBY_ENGINE_VERSION.
+
+Tue Jun  9 12:31:25 2015  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/prime.rb: Simplify and optimize EratosthenesSieve
+
+Tue Jun  9 11:45:00 2015  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/prime.rb: Simplify and optimize EratosthenesSieve
+	  based on patch by Ajay Kumar. [Fixes GH-921]
+
+Mon Jun  8 05:09:58 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (obj_info): print method id for T_IMEMO/ment.
+
+Sun Jun  7 07:05:43 2015  Kazuki Tanaka  <gogotanaka@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Move test cases from test/ruby/test_complex.rb to test/test_cmath.rb
+
+Sat Jun  6 18:23:41 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: back to share rb_method_definition_t by
+	  rb_method_entry_t.
+
+	  r50728 changed sharing `def's to isolating `def's
+	  on alias and so on. However, this change conflicts
+	  future improvement plan. So I change back to sharing approach.
+
+	* method.h: move rb_method_definition_t::flags to
+	  rb_method_entry_t::attr::flags.
+
+	  rb_method_entry_t::attr is union with VALUE because this field
+	  should have same size of VALUE. rb_method_entry_t is T_IMEMO).
+
+	  And also add the following access macros to it's fields.
+
+	  * METHOD_ENTRY_VISI(me)
+	  * METHOD_ENTRY_BASIC(me)
+	  * METHOD_ENTRY_SAFE(me)
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_definition_addref): added instead of
+	  rb_method_definition_clone().
+
+	  Do not create new definition, but increment alias_count.
+
+	* class.c (clone_method): catch up this fix.
+
+	* class.c (method_entry_i): ditto.
+
+	* proc.c (mnew_internal): ditto.
+
+	* proc.c (mnew_missing): ditto.
+
+	* vm_eval.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_method.c: ditto.
+
+Sat Jun  6 15:59:38 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* class.c: ins_methods_push() needs rb_method_visibility_t type on
+	  2nd arg.
+
+Sat Jun  6 15:05:47 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* class.c (ins_methods_push): Change type and name of parameters
+	  to make more clear.
+
+Sat Jun  6 08:52:13 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/socket/test_nonblock.rb: try to avoid EMSGSIZE
+	  [ruby-core:69466]
+
+Sat Jun  6 07:58:30 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: remove struct mark_tbl_arg and pass objspace directly
+	  to avoid indirect access overhead.
+
+Sat Jun  6 07:08:45 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_sendmsg_internal): drop redundant assignment
+
+Sat Jun  6 01:00:06 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_sendmsg_internal): all arguments are
+	  parsed even on systems without HAVE_STRUCT_MSGHDR_MSG_CONTROL
+	  to prevent SEGV caused by passing Qnil to RARRAY_LENINT and
+	  to preserve behavior before r50776.
+	  [Bug #11224] [ruby-core:69468] [Bug #11225] [ruby-core:69469]
+
+Fri Jun  5 22:37:42 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* class.c (ins_methods_push): change 3rd parameter's type
+	  from long to rb_method_visibility_t.
+
+	* class.c (ins_methods_i): catch up this fix.
+
+	* class.c (method_entry_i): cast to st_data_t instead of `long'.
+
+Fri Jun  5 20:37:10 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* internal.h: move definition of rb_cref_t to method.h.
+
+	* eval_intern.h: move definition of rb_scope_visibility_t
+	  to method.h.
+
+	* method.h: change rb_cref_t::scope_visi from VALUE to
+	  rb_scope_visibility_t.
+	  [Bug #11219]
+
+	* vm.c (vm_cref_new): accept rb_method_visibility_t directly.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (rb_vm_rewrite_cref): don't use 0,
+	  but METHOD_VISI_UNDEF.
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_scope_visibility_set): don't need to use cast.
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_scope_module_func_set): ditto.
+
+Fri Jun  5 17:27:30 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_sendmsg_internal): avoid msg_control
+	  ptr if msg_controllen is zero to fix portability problems.
+
+Fri Jun  5 09:17:45 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_sendmsg_internal): fix build error
+	  from r50776
+
+Fri Jun  5 07:05:58 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* io.c (sym_wait_readable, sym_wait_writable): declare
+	  (io_getpartial): use sym_wait_readable
+	  (io_write_nonblock): use sym_wait_writable
+	  (Init_IO): initialize sym_wait_*able
+
+Fri Jun  5 06:43:00 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* doc/extension.rdoc: note rb_get_kwargs changes keywords_hash
+	  [ruby-core:68507]
+
+Fri Jun  5 05:50:29 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_sendmsg_internal): use rb_scan_args
+	  [ruby-core:69439] [Feature #11207]
+
+Fri Jun  5 02:20:06 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/lib/envutil.rb (assert_no_memory_leak): change default value
+	  of limit from 1.5 to 2.0. It is ad-hoc fix to solve test failure
+	  in travis-ci.
+
+Fri Jun  5 01:17:21 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_defined): no need to use cast.
+
+Fri Jun  5 01:14:02 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_defined): show additional messages on rb_bug().
+
+Fri Jun  5 01:06:02 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_add_method_iseq): use intermediate struct to
+	  avoid initializing struct with variables.
+	  [Bug #11217]
+
+	* method.h: add a comment about it.
+
+Fri Jun  5 00:55:21 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: constify rb_method_refined_t::orig_me.
+
+	  Also constify the following functions.
+
+	  * rb_resolve_refined_method()
+	  * rb_method_entry_with_refinements()
+	  * rb_method_entry_without_refinements()
+	  * rb_method_entry_copy()'s parameter.
+
+	* class.c: catch up this fix.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_method.c: ditto.
+
+Thu Jun  4 12:47:54 SGT 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c: Revert r50763. because "reentered" is not typo.
+
+Thu Jun  4 11:12:29 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: fix a typo. Patch by @davydovanton
+	  [fix GH-923]
+	* include/ruby/st.h: ditto.
+	* include/ruby/util.h: ditto.
+
+Thu Jun  4 10:54:30 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c: fix a typo. Patch by @manish-shrivastava
+	  [fix GH-922]
+
+Thu Jun  4 09:52:02 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb: use io/nonblock instead of fcntl
+	  [ruby-core:69382] [Feature #11190]
+
+Thu Jun  4 07:22:45 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: introduce rb_method_refined_t for refined method entry.
+
+	* class.c (move_refined_method): catch up this fix.
+
+	* gc.c (mark_method_entry): ditto.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_body): ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): ditto.
+
+	* vm_method.c: ditto.
+
+Thu Jun  4 07:12:20 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (dirent_match): match short names only when FNM_SHORTNAME
+	  flag is given, for the backward compatibility, and the new
+	  behavior is often dangerous.  [ruby-core:69435] [Bug #11206]
+
+Thu Jun  4 05:44:01 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* variable.c (special_generic_ivar): remove flag
+	  (givar_i, rb_mark_generic_ivar_tbl): remove functions
+	  (rb_free_generic_ivar, rb_ivar_lookup, rb_ivar_delete,
+	   generic_ivar_set, rb_ivar_set, rb_ivar_defined,
+	   rb_copy_generic_ivar, rb_ivar_foreach, rb_ivar_count,
+	   rb_obj_remove_instance_variable):
+	   adjust for lack of ivar support in special constants
+	* test/ruby/test_variable.rb: test ivars for special consts
+	* internal.h: remove rb_mark_generic_ivar_tbl decl
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_roots): remove rb_mark_generic_ivar_tbl call
+	  [ruby-core:69441] [Feature #11208]
+
+Thu Jun  4 05:13:34 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (def_iseq_ptr): `iseqval' is not available any more.
+
+Thu Jun  4 04:50:12 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* class.c (method_entry_i): mtbl should not have `me' as NULL.
+
+Thu Jun  4 04:28:45 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* class.c (clone_method): do not use me->klass, but use explicitly
+	  passed argument.
+
+Thu Jun  4 04:10:43 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_rewrite_cref_stack): rename to rb_vm_rewrite_cref().
+
+	* class.c (clone_method): use renamed name.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (rb_vm_rewrite_cref): do not use `node' in variable
+	  names.
+
+Wed Jun  3 23:03:50 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_method.c: rename `rb_frame_...' to `rb_scope_...'.
+
+	* eval_intern.h: move decl. of rb_scope_visibility_set() to method.h.
+
+	* load.c: catch up this fix.
+
+Wed Jun  3 21:14:20 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/rbconfig/sizeof/extconf.rb: Check C99 standard integer types.
+
+Wed Jun  3 21:00:47 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* configure.in: Don't check __int128.
+
+	* ext/rbconfig/sizeof/extconf.rb: Check __int128.
+
+	* ext/rbconfig/sizeof/depend: sizes.c depends on
+	  ext/rbconfig/sizeof/extconf.rb.
+
+	* template/sizes.c.tmpl: Detect check_sizeof.
+
+Wed Jun  3 20:07:07 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* class.c (clone_method): remove redundant check for me->def != NULL.
+	  Now, all `me` have `me->def`.
+
+	* proc.c (rb_method_entry_location): ditto.
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_check_redefinition_opt_method): ditto.
+
+	* vm.c (add_opt_method): ditto.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_body): ditto.
+
+Wed Jun  3 19:24:12 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: rename enum missing_reason to enum method_missing_reason.
+
+	* vm_core.h: use enum method_missing_reason for
+	  rb_thread_t::method_missing_reason.
+
+	* vm_eval.c: catch up this fix.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
+
+Wed Jun  3 16:17:21 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c: eagerly allocate `loading_table`.  This eliminates the need to
+	  do NULL checks when looking up the `loading_table` hash.
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/918
+
+	* load.c: remove various NULL checks
+
+Wed Jun  3 11:47:15 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: change fields order to gather frequent access fields.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): add LIKELY().
+
+Wed Jun 03 10:35:45 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: split rb_method_definition_t::flag to several flags.
+
+	  `flag' contains several categories of attributes and it makes us
+	  confusion (at least, I had confused).
+
+	  * rb_method_visibility_t (flags::visi)
+	    * NOEX_UNDEF     -> METHOD_VISI_UNDEF     = 0
+	    * NOEX_PUBLIC    -> METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC    = 1
+	    * NOEX_PRIVATE   -> METHOD_VISI_PRIVATE   = 2
+	    * NOEX_PROTECTED -> METHOD_VISI_PROTECTED = 3
+	  * NOEX_SAFE(flag)  -> safe (flags::safe, 3 bits)
+	  * NOEX_BASIC       -> basic (flags::basic, 1 bit)
+	  * NOEX_MODFUNC     -> rb_scope_visibility_t in CREF
+	  * NOEX_SUPER       -> MISSING_SUPER (enum missing_reason)
+	  * NOEX_VCALL       -> MISSING_VCALL (enum missing_reason)
+	  * NOEX_RESPONDS    -> BOUND_RESPONDS (macro)
+
+	  Now, NOEX_NOREDEF is not supported (I'm not sure it is needed).
+
+	  Background:
+	    I did not know what "NOEX" stands for.
+	    I asked Matz (who made this name) and his answer was "Nothing".
+	    "At first, it meant NO EXport (private), but the original
+	    meaning was gone."
+	    This is why I remove the mysterious word "NOEX" from MRI.
+
+	* vm_core.h: introduce `enum missing_reason' to represent
+	  method_missing (NoMethodError) reason.
+
+	* eval_intern.h: introduce rb_scope_visibility_t to represent
+	  scope visibility.
+	  It has 3 method visibilities (public/private/protected)
+	  and `module_function`.
+
+Wed Jun  3 08:06:30 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gem/bundled_gems: updated to test-unit 3.1.1 and minitest 5.7.0.
+
+Wed Jun  3 04:48:05 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_defined): check respond_to_missing?
+	  at defined?(func()).
+	  [Bug #11212]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_defined.rb: add a test for this fix.
+
+Wed Jun  3 04:34:39 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_defined): skip respond_to_missing? when
+	  a method is available.
+	  [Bug #11211]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_defined.rb: add a test for this fix.
+
+Wed Jun  3 04:14:13 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* insns.def (defined), vm_insnhelper.c (vm_defined):
+	  move instruction body to the vm_defined() function.
+
+Wed Jun  3 02:29:25 2015  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: Do not assume class variable order.
+	  Patch by @enebo.
+
+Wed Jun  3 01:10:38 2015  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_definition_set): remove a double assignment.
+	  Coverity Scan found this bug.
+
+Wed Jun  3 00:04:51 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_alias): rename parameter names.
+
+Tue Jun  2 23:27:18 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: remove rb_method_iseq_t::iseqval.
+	  While making a r50728, iseqval is needed (to mark correctly),
+	  but now just iseqptr is enough.
+
+	* class.c: catch up this fix.
+
+	* gc.c: ditto.
+
+	* proc.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_method.c: ditto.
+
+Tue Jun  2 21:29:28 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* proc.c (proc_curry): remove a debug line.
+
+Tue Jun  2 12:43:46 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: make rb_method_entry_t a VALUE.
+	  Motivation and new data structure are described in [Bug #11203].
+
+	  This patch also solve the following issues.
+
+	  * [Bug #11200] Memory leak of method entries
+	  * [Bug #11046] __callee__ returns incorrect method name in orphan
+	                 proc
+
+	* test/ruby/test_method.rb: add a test for [Bug #11046].
+
+	* vm_core.h: remove rb_control_frame_t::me. me is located at value
+	  stack.
+
+	* vm_core.h, gc.c, vm_method.c: remove unlinked_method... codes
+	  because method entries are simple VALUEs.
+
+	* method.h: Now, all method entries has own independent method
+	  definitions. Strictly speaking, this change is not essential,
+	  but for future changes.
+
+	  * rb_method_entry_t::flag is move to rb_method_definition_t::flag.
+	  * rb_method_definition_t::alias_count is now
+	    rb_method_definition_t::alias_count_ptr, a pointer to the counter.
+
+	* vm_core.h, vm_insnhelper.c (rb_vm_frame_method_entry) added to
+	  search the current method entry from value stack.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (VM_CHECK_MODE): introduced to enable/disable
+	  assertions.
+
+Tue Jun  2 10:46:36 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/socket/test_nonblock.rb: new test for sendmsg_nonblock
+
+Tue Jun  2 09:04:14 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* lib/benchmark.rb: just use Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+	  [ruby-core:69390]
+
+Mon Jun  1 22:01:27 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (pkg_config): split --libs if --libs-only-l option
+	  is not available.  patch in [ruby-core:69428] by Hans Mackowiak.
+	  [ruby-core:69421] [Bug #11201]
+
+Mon Jun  1 21:18:24 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_children): remove a garbage character
+	  introduced at the last commit.
+
+Mon Jun  1 19:24:42 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_make): do not show warning message
+	  when method_entry is an alias.
+
+Mon Jun  1 15:47:16 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* internal.h: move class related definitions.
+
+Mon Jun  1 15:43:03 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* class.c: remove needless include pragma for method.h.
+
+	* struct.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_method.c: ditto.
+
+Mon Jun  1 05:42:00 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* eval_intern.h, vm_method.c: move macros to functions.
+	  * SCOPE_TEST(f)  -> rb_frame_visibility_test(flag).
+	  * SCOPE_CHECK(f) -> rb_frame_visibility_check(flag).
+	  * SCOPE_SET(f)   -> rb_frame_visibility_set(flag).
+
+	* load.c (load_ext): use it.
+
+Mon Jun  1 04:47:37 2015  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: [DOC] Add comparison of Time and DateTime
+	  Patch provided by @pixeltrix
+
+Mon Jun  1 04:22:09 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h (VM_FRAME_MAGIC_DUMMY): introduce new frame type to
+	  recognize dummy frame.
+
+	* vm.c (th_init): use new frame type.
+
+	* vm_args.c (raise_argument_error): ditto.
+
+Mon Jun  1 04:15:42 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* class.c (rb_class_has_methods): added to reduce dependency
+	  to internal class data structure.
+
+	* internal.h: ditto.
+
+	* hash.c (has_extra_methods): use added function.
+
+Mon Jun  1 04:11:48 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c , gc.h (rb_obj_info): export obj_info(VALUE) for debugging.
+
+Mon Jun  1 03:52:55 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: increase timeout seconds for GC stressful
+	  debugging.
+
+Sun May 31 04:18:06 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: fix typo of comments.
+
+Sun May 31 03:36:42 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: add VM_METHOD_TYPE_ALIAS rb_method_definition_t::type
+	  to fix [Bug #11173].
+
+	  Now, inter class/method alias creates new method entry
+	  VM_METHOD_TYPE_ALIAS, which has an original method entry.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (find_defined_class_by_owner): added.
+	  Search corresponding defined_class from owner class/module.
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_get_without_cache): return me->klass
+	  directly for defined_class.
+
+	  Now, no need to check me->klass any more.
+
+	* vm_method.c (method_entry_set0): separated from method_entry_set().
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_alias): make method entry has VM_METHOD_TYPE_ALIAS.
+
+	* vm_method.c (release_method_definition): support VM_METHOD_TYPE_ALIAS.
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_hash_method_definition): ditto.
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_definition_eq): ditto.
+
+	* vm_method.c (release_method_definition): ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_method_cfunc_entry): ditto.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_body): ditto.
+
+	* gc.c (mark_method_entry): ditto.
+
+	* proc.c (method_def_iseq): ditto.
+
+	* proc.c (method_cref): ditto.
+
+	* proc.c (rb_method_entry_min_max_arity): ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_alias.rb: add tests.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: fix a test to catch up current behavior.
+
+Sun May 31 03:34:25 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_unlink_method_entry): make it static.
+
+Sun May 31 03:26:58 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h, vm_method.c (rb_free_method_entry): constify a parameter.
+
+	* vm_core.h: remove useless declaration about rb_unlink_method_entry().
+
+Sat May 30 18:05:02 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/tempfile.rb (Remover#call): fixed wrong condition.  introduced at
+	  r50682.
+
+Sat May 30 16:12:35 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c: use RB_GC_GUARD instead of volatile
+	  [ruby-core:69419] [Feature #11198]
+
+Sat May 30 15:59:10 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/tempfile.rb (Tempfile#initialize): initialize @unlinked to fix
+	  test failures introduced at r50682.  I hope that check the results of
+	  tests before committing, at least the tests about the changed feature.
+
+Sat May 30 11:02:55 2015  Martin Englund <martin@englund.nu>
+
+	* doc/dtrace_probes.rdoc: change lingering dtrace probe documentation
+	  from function- to method-
+
+Sat May 30 10:26:09 2015  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/tempfile.rb: refactoring.
+	  * use warn instead of STDERR.print
+	  * remove @tmpname and use @tmpfile.path
+	  * introduce @unlinked flag
+	  * Remover takes only @tmpfile
+	  * mode will be modified just before file reopen
+
+Sat May 30 09:02:51 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_generic_ivar_table): deprecate
+	* internal.h (rb_attr_delete): declare
+	* marshal.c (has_ivars): use rb_ivar_foreach
+	  (w_ivar): ditto
+	  (w_object): update for new interface
+	* time.c (time_mload): use rb_attr_delete
+	* variable.c (generic_ivar_delete): implement
+	  (rb_ivar_delete): ditto
+	  (rb_attr_delete): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:69323] [Feature #11170]
+
+Sat May 30 09:14:28 2015  Scott Francis  <scott.francis@shopify.com>
+
+	* cont.c (cont_free): check if ruby_current_thread is still valid.
+	  [Fix GH-914]
+
+Sat May 30 08:36:04 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* variable.c (static int special_generic_ivar): move
+	  (rb_generic_ivar_table): rewrite for compatibility
+	  (gen_ivtbl_bytes): new function
+	  (generic_ivar_get): update to use ivar index
+	  (generic_ivar_update): ditto
+	  (generic_ivar_set): ditto
+	  (generic_ivar_defined): ditto
+	  (generic_ivar_remove): ditto
+	  (rb_mark_generic_ivar): ditto
+	  (givar_i): ditto
+	  (rb_free_generic_ivar): ditto
+	  (rb_mark_generic_ivar_tbl): ditto
+	  (rb_generic_ivar_memsize): ditto
+	  (rb_copy_generic_ivar): ditto
+	  (rb_ivar_set): ditto
+	  (rb_ivar_foreach): ditto
+	  (rb_ivar_count): ditto
+	  (givar_mark_i): remove
+	  (gen_ivtbl_mark): new function
+	  (gen_ivar_each): ditto
+	  (iv_index_tbl_extend): update for struct ivar_update
+	  (iv_index_tbl_newsize): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:69323] [Feature #11170]
+
+Sat May 30 08:10:46 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* variable.c (iv_index_tbl_make): extract from rb_ivar_set
+	  (iv_index_tbl_extend): ditto
+	  (iv_index_tbl_newsize): ditto
+	  (rb_ivar_set): use extracted functions
+	  [ruby-core:69323] (Part 1)
+
+Fri May 29 17:39:14 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* tool/make_hgraph.rb: added.
+
+Fri May 29 14:39:00 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): out of range NTH_REF is always
+	  nil.
+
+	* parse.y (parse_numvar): check overflow of NTH_REF and range.
+	  [ruby-core:69393] [Bug #11192]
+
+	* util.c (ruby_scan_digits): make public and add length parameter.
+
+Fri May 29 11:18:58 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_sendmsg_internal,
+	  bsock_recvmsg_internal):
+	  avoid redundant fcntl on Linux
+	  [ruby-core:69154] [Feature #11145]
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_s_recvfrom_nonblock): ditto
+	* ext/socket/rubysocket.h (MSG_DONTWAIT_RELIABLE): new macro
+
+Fri May 29 10:30:34 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* lib/net/resolv.rb (request): use monotonic clock
+	* lib/net/http.rb (begin_transport, end_transport): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:69384] [Feature #11124]
+
+Fri May 29 04:37:38 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c: add two methods to debug internals.
+
+	  * ObjectSpace.internal_class_of: return RBASIC_CLASS(obj).
+	  * ObjectSpace.internal_super_of: return RCLASS_SUPER(cls).
+
+	* NEWS: add information about both methods.
+
+	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb: add tests for both methods.
+
+Thu May 28 06:55:53 2015  Anton Davydov  <antondavydov.o@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/tk/sample/figmemo_sample.rb (open_file),
+	  ext/tk/sample/tktextio.rb (TkTextIO): fix typo in messages.
+	  [Fix GH-916]
+
+Wed May 27 09:50:51 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (ossl_asn1_traverse, ossl_asn1_decode,
+	  ossl_asn1_decode_all): use RB_GC_GUARD instead of volatile
+	  [ruby-core:69371] [Bug #11185]
+
+Wed May 27 09:27:30 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* lib/drb/drb.rb (set_sockopt): remove redundant fcntl call
+	* lib/drb/unix.rb (set_sockopt): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:69128] [Feature #11137]
+
+Tue May 26 22:10:43 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_alias): should resolve refined methods.
+	  [ruby-core:69360] [Bug #11182]
+
+Tue May 26 21:35:13 2015  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/defines.h (RUBY_ATTR_ALLOC_SIZE): fix condition.
+
+Mon May 25 22:35:58 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb (rel): after the relations is changed,
+	  @changesets is no longer right.
+
+Mon May 25 11:27:14 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (setup_overlapped): seek to the file end only when
+	  writing (mode:a), not reading (mode:a+, read).
+
+Mon May 25 00:27:37 2015  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* numeric.c (Numeric#negative?): [DOC] Fix call-seq.
+	  Patch by @yui-knk. [Fixes GH-908]
+
+Sun May 24 01:35:22 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* debug.c (ruby_debug_print_id): use rb_id2name() for fprintf().
+
+Sat May 23 18:38:46 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* man/*.1: updated dates in man pages.
+	  [ruby-dev:48988] [Bug #11171]
+
+Sat May 23 03:10:58 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_write_console): should return the count of
+	  actually eaten characters, include escape sequences.
+
+Fri May 22 22:36:14 2015  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/prime.rb: Remove obsolete Prime.new
+	  patch by Ajay Kumar. [Fixes GH-891]
+
+Fri May 22 21:13:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_sym_count): move `rb_sym_all_symbols`
+	  to a symbol.c specific section.  a part of patch by Lourens
+	  Naude.
+
+Fri May 22 20:56:33 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* complex.c (f_complex_polar): simple bug reproduced only when y is
+	  a float but x is not a float.
+
+Fri May 22 19:42:06 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (rb_spawn_process): do not discard global escape
+	  status.  [ruby-core:69304] [Bug #11166]
+
+	* process.c (rb_execarg_spawn): extract the start procedure in a
+	  parent process with ensuring the end procedure.
+
+Fri May 22 16:48:32 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: added news for net-telnet and rake
+
+Thu May 21 20:27:07 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_DTRACE_POSTPROCESS): cmp -b is GNU extension.
+	  darwin uses GNU cmp, and FreeBSD and Solaris are not.
+	  Note that accidentally equals to expected result.
+
+Thu May 21 18:00:19 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c: constify.
+
+	* iseq.h: ditto.
+
+	* method.h: ditto.
+
+	* proc.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_method.c: ditto.
+
+Thu May 21 17:44:53 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* proc.c: fix issues caused by binding created from Method#to_proc.
+	  [Bug #11163]
+
+	* vm.c (vm_cref_new_toplevel): export as rb_vm_cref_new_toplevel().
+
+	* test/ruby/test_method.rb: add some assertions.
+
+Thu May 21 17:29:26 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: added documentation for Matrix#empty and Matrix#/
+	  [Feature #10070][ruby-dev:48433] Patch by @gogotanaka
+
+Thu May 21 17:02:43 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* proc.c: rename functions.
+	  * method_get_def() -> method_def()
+	  * method_get_iseq() -> method_def_iseq()
+	  * method_get_cref() -> method_cref()
+
+Thu May 21 16:52:44 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_method_get_iseq): rename to rb_method_iseq.
+
+	* iseq.c: catch up this fix.
+
+	* iseq.h: commit ditto.
+
+Thu May 21 15:41:45 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/telnet.rb: gemify net-telnet.
+	  [Feature #11083]
+	* gems/bundled_gems: added net-telnet to bundled gems.
+
+Thu May 21 15:37:32 2015  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* vm_method.c: Remove private attribute warning [Bug #10967]
+	  Patch by @spastorino [Fixes GH-849]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/849
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: Update test for changes
+
+Thu May 21 10:59:43 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* proc.c (method_proc): rename to method_to_proc.
+
+Thu May 21 10:51:54 2015  Jake Worth  <jakeworth82@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_f_select): [DOC] Fixes for grammar and style.
+	  [Fix GH-906]
+
+Thu May 21 08:25:19 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* variable.c (Init_var_tables): init generic_iv_tbl
+	  (rb_generic_ivar_table, generic_ivar_get, generic_ivar_set,
+	   generic_ivar_defined, generic_ivar_remove,
+	   rb_mark_generic_ivar, givar_i, rb_mark_generic_ivar_tbl,
+	   rb_free_generic_ivar, rb_copy_generic_ivar, rb_ivar_foreach,
+	   rb_ivar_count): remove checks for uninitialize generic_iv_tbl
+	[ruby-core:69155] [Feature #11146]
+
+Thu May 21 04:11:03 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (exception_type2symbol): show correct bug message.
+
+Wed May 20 23:19:05 2015  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/base64.rb: Fix rdoc-formatting for padding argument.
+	  [fix GH-905][ci skip] Patch by @davydovanton
+
+Wed May 20 13:16:23 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (DEPRECATED_BY): deprecate warning with preferable
+	  alternative.
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE): allow attribute arguments in
+	  the macro.
+
+Wed May 20 11:23:24 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_print_backtrace): return value of libexec's backtrace
+	  is size_t, so simply cast as int.
+
+Tue May 19 18:54:41 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_compile_with_option): check source type, must be
+	  an IO or a String.  [ruby-core:69219] [Bug #11159]
+
+Tue May 19 17:15:03 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/benchmark.rb: Update Benchmark documentation and formatting.
+	  [fix GH-903][ci skip] Patch by @davydovanton
+
+Tue May 19 13:10:08 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (num_positive_p): should false on Bignum 0.
+	  http://twitter.com/rafaelfranca/status/600509783427391488
+	  [ruby-core:69173] [Feature #11151]
+
+Tue May 19 11:22:28 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb (initialize_pattern):
+	  URI::Generic.build should accept port as a string.
+	  pattern[:PORT] is not defined for long.
+	  by Dave Slutzkin <daveslutzkin@fastmail.fm>
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/804 fix GH-804
+
+Tue May 19 11:18:46 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_data_typed_object_alloc),
+	  (rb_data_object_alloc): add old names for source level backward
+	  compatibilities.
+
+	* gc.c (rb_data_object_alloc, rb_data_typed_object_alloc): add
+	  aliases for binary level backward compatibilities.
+
+Tue May 19 09:54:44 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (Data_Make_Struct0): needs function pointer
+	  casts to fix function overloading in C++.
+
+Tue May 19 09:43:56 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (Data_Make_Struct0, TypedData_Make_Struct0):
+	  explicit cast from void* is necessary as implicit cast is
+	  disallowed in C++.
+
+Mon May 18 15:31:31 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_f_notimplement): should not respond to
+	  not-implemented methods.  as the address inside a DLL and the
+	  imported address are different on Windows, use an exported
+	  variable to share the same address.
+
+Mon May 18 13:55:01 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/monitor.rb (mon_try_enter, mon_enter): should reset @mon_count
+	  just in case the previous owner thread dies without mon_exit.
+	  [fix GH-874] Patch by @chrisberkhout
+
+Sun May 17 17:21:29 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/utils.rb (set_non_blocking): use IO#nonblock=
+	* (set_close_on_exec): use IO#close_on_exec=
+	  [Feature #11136]
+
+Sun May 17 15:01:26 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (num_positive_p, num_negative_p): add methods
+	  Numeric#positive? and Numeric#negative?.
+	  [ruby-core:69173] [Feature #11151]
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_positive_p, flo_negative_p): specialized
+	  functions for Float.
+
+	* complex.c (Init_Complex): Complex do not have positive? and
+	  negative? methods
+
+Sun May 17 14:57:42 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/server.rb (accept_client): avoid redundant fcntl call
+	  [Feature #11137]
+
+Sun May 17 12:13:33 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/init.c (cloexec_accept): support nonblock flag and
+	  use SOCK_NONBLOCK if possible
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_s_accept_nonblock):
+	  update cloexec_accept call
+	* ext/socket/init.c (accept_blocking): ditto for blocking
+	* test/socket/test_nonblock.rb: check nonblock? on accepted socket
+	  [Feature #11138]
+
+Sun May 17 03:58:59 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* load.c (loaded_feature_path): stop returning false negatives for
+	  filenames which are trailing substrings of file extensions.  For
+	  example, 'b', which a trailing substring of ".rb" should not return
+	  false. [Bug #11155][ruby-core:69206]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_autoload.rb: test for fix
+
+Sat May 16 21:41:24 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c: added documentation for character sequence \' with String#sub
+	  [Bug #11132][ruby-core:69121][fix GH-900][ci skip] Patch by @shishir127
+
+Sat May 16 21:38:05 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enum.c: fix a sample code. Patch by @eagletmt
+	  [fix GH-901][ci skip]
+
+Sat May 16 21:17:11 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_data_object_wrap, rb_data_typed_object_wrap): rename
+	  alloc as wrap.  these functions do not allocate data pointers
+	  but just wrap the given pointers.
+
+Sat May 16 19:59:24 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_accept): simplified.
+
+Fri May 15 18:28:20 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_assoc, rb_ary_rassoc): [DOC] the result when key
+	  was found is the existing element, not a new array.  reported by
+	  Giau Nguyen <giaunv AT nustechnology.com>.
+
+Fri May 15 08:24:28 2015  Takeyuki FUJIOKA  <xibbar@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/cgi/cookie.rb: Implement HttpOnly flag for cookies.
+	  [fix GH-887] Patch by @martinpovolny
+
+Fri May 15 06:54:19 2015  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c: Change autoload to call `require` through Ruby rather
+	  than directly calling `rb_require_safe`.  This allows things like
+	  RubyGems to intercept file loading done though `autoload`.
+	  [Feature #11140]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_autoload.rb: Test for change.
+
+Wed Apr  8 19:18:02 2015  Shota Fukumori (sora_h)  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_grep_v, grep_i, grep_iter_i, Init_enum):
+	  Implement Enumerable#grep_v. [Feature #11049]
+
+Thu May 14 15:54:13 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb: Remove condition of RUBY_VERSION <= 1.9.
+	  [Feature #11082]
+
+Wed May 13 17:10:37 2015  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_to_a): revert r50457.
+	  it requires recursion check.
+	  then, it doesn't make performance improvement.
+	  [Bug #11130] [Feature #9118]
+
+Wed May 13 11:13:40 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parse_gvar): separate message for gvar without
+	  non-space characters from message for invalid identifiers.
+
+Tue May 12 22:18:27 2015  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_to_a): fix incompatibility introduced in r50457.
+	  [Bug #11130]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_enum.rb: test for above.
+
+Tue May 12 17:08:03 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: remove unused declaration.
+
+Mon May 11 10:58:45 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: Update minitest-5.6.1 and power_assert-0.2.3.
+
+Mon May 11 00:20:31 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (Data_Make_Struct, TypedData_Make_Struct):
+	  allocate wrapper data object before allocating DATA_PTR to get
+	  rid of possible memory leak when the former failed.
+
+Sun May 10 21:32:45 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_children): call dmark function for non-NULL
+	  pointers only, so that DATA_PTR can be NULL safely now.
+
+Sun May 10 16:23:58 2015  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* proc.c (proc_binding): fix segmentation fault on marking phase.
+	  envptr of newenvval should not be NULL.
+
+	  You can reproduce by
+	   make test-all TESTS='--gc-stress -n test_to_proc_binding ruby/test_method.rb'
+
+Sun May 10 12:41:18 2015  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (rb_gzreader_external_encoding):
+	  define GzipReader#external_encoding.
+	  [Bug #10900]
+
+	* test/zlib/test_zlib.rb: test for above.
+
+Sun May 10 11:57:48 2015  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_variant.c: fix typo "indicies".
+	  the patch is from davydovanton <antondavydov.o at gmail.com>.
+	  [fix GH-892]
+
+	* lib/rubygems/indexer.rb: ditto.
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_indexer.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun May 10 11:44:37 2015  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_crypt): Raise ArgumentError when
+	  string passed to String#crypt contains null.
+	  the patch is from jrusnack <jrusnack at redhat.com>.
+	  [Bug #10988] [fix GH-853]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_string.rb: test for above.
+
+Sun May 10 11:23:03 2015  Masaki Matsushita <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_to_a): Use size to set array capa when possible.
+	  the patch is from HonoreDB <aweiner at mdsol.com>.
+	  [fix GH-444]
+
+Sat May  9 06:48:36 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (bsock_recvmsg_internal): GC guard
+	  [Bug #11123]
+
+Fri May  8 22:57:24 2015  takiy33  <takiy33@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/matrix/test_matrix.rb (test_determinant): refactor test on
+	  Matrix#determinant, by merging with test_det for an alias method
+	  det.  [Fix GH-897]
+
+Fri May  8 15:43:11 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb (body_ext_mpart): should work even if body-fld-dsp
+	  is omitted.  [ruby-core:69093] [Bug #11128]
+
+Fri May  8 15:05:57 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/syntax/control_expressions.rdoc: fix a missing "a"
+	  [fix GH-888][ci skip] Patch by @riffraff
+
+Fri May  8 12:11:33 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_method_call_status): resolve refined method entry
+	  to check if undefined.  [ruby-core:69064] [Bug #11117]
+
+Thu May  7 22:22:59 2015  Sho Hashimoto  <sho-h@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c: [DOC] fix Binding#local_variable_set example. [ci skip]
+
+Thu May  7 11:32:57 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (rbconfig.rb): add rule to make.
+
+Thu May  7 05:14:39 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb (connect_nonblock): use IO#wait_writable
+	* lib/drb/drb.rb (DRB::DRbTCPSocket#alive?): use IO#wait_readable
+	* lib/webrick/httpserver.rb (run): ditto
+	* lib/resolv.rb (request): ditto for single socket case
+	  [ruby-core:68943] [Feature #11081]
+
+Wed May  6 22:49:54 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_method_call_status): undefined refined method is
+	  not callable unless using.  [ruby-core:69064] [Bug #11117]
+
+Sun May  3 22:40:06 2015  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/-test-/file/fs.c: need to include sys/statvfs.h
+	  to use statvfs().
+
+	* ext/-test-/file/extconf.rb: check the existence of
+	  sys/statvfs.h
+
+Sun May  3 21:59:48 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/yaml.rb: fix typo. [ci skip][fix GH-890]
+	  Patch by @miketheman
+
+Sun May  3 10:02:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* range.c (linear_object_p, range_include): test if covered for
+	  linear objects.  [ruby-core:69052] [Bug #11113]
+
+Fri May  1 13:30:24 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dln.c (dln_load): check if a different libruby is loaded by the
+	  extension library, and then bail out to get rid of very
+	  frequently reported stale bug reports.
+
+Thu Apr 30 19:51:11 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): revert r46873 and r46875, not to
+	  allow to execute private readers by pretending op assign.
+	  [ruby-core:68984] [Bug #11096]
+
+Thu Apr 30 17:02:33 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* rational.c: Added documentation for rational literal.
+	  [Bug #11075][fix GH-885][ci skip] Patch by @shishir127
+
+Thu Apr 30 16:39:44 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ipsocket.c (init_inetsock_internal): preserve errno
+	  before other library calls and use rb_syserr_fail.
+	  [ruby-core:68531] [Bug #10975]
+
+Thu Apr 30 16:22:16 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (lambda): push and reset cmdarg_stack in lambda body.
+	  [ruby-core:69017] [Bug #11107]
+
+Sun Apr 26 07:36:48 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/utf_8.c (code_to_mbclen, code_to_mbc): reject values larger
+	  than UTF-8 max codepoints.  [Feature #11094]
+
+Sat Apr 25 14:26:19 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (str_buf_cat): expand later so that the buffer can be
+	  larger for further use.  [Bug #11080] [Bug #11095]
+
+Fri Apr 24 23:48:45 2015  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-electric.el: Import version 2.2.3 from
+	  https://github.com/knu/ruby-electric.el.
+
+Fri Apr 24 10:40:02 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_{getc,putc}): removed.  they are needed for old
+	  ruby (before 1.8), but not now.
+
+Fri Apr 24 08:40:13 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c: remove bcc related code.
+
+	* include/ruby/win32.h: ditto.
+
+Fri Apr 24 08:21:07 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_acrt_lowio_lock_fh): wrap _pioinfo(i)->lock.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_acrt_lowio_unlock_fh): ditto.
+
+Fri Apr 24 06:47:19 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (_filbuf): msvc14 doesn't have it, use _fgetc_nolock.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (_flsbuf): msvc14 doesn't have it, use _fputc_nolock.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (vcruntime_file): define vcruntime_file on msvc14
+	  because it doesn't export FILE's internal structure.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (FILE_COUNT): added to abstract FILE->_cnt.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (FILE_READPTR): added to abstract FILE->_ptr.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (FILE_FILENO): added to abstract FILE->_file.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (init_stdhandle): use FILE_FILENO.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_getc): use FILE_COUNT and FILE_READPTR.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_putc): ditto.
+
+Fri Apr 24 06:37:07 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (dupfd): use _set_osfhnd.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_wopen): use _set_osflags.
+
+Thu Apr 24 05:38:01 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_roots): fox to work PRINT_ROOT_TICKS.
+
+Fri Apr 24 04:49:05 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub: MSVC14 have struct timespec.
+
+	* win32/rtname.cmd: support vcruntime140.dll.
+
+	* time.c (localtime_with_gmtoff_zone): MSVC14 doesn't have tzname and
+	  daylight but have _tzname and _daylight.
+
+Thu Apr 23 11:35:55 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_obj_instance_eval, rb_obj_instance_exec): allow
+	  symbols to just instance_eval/exec, except for definition of
+	  singletons.  [ruby-core:68961] [Bug #11086]
+
+Thu Apr 23 10:01:36 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/delegate.rb: fix a typo.
+	  [fix GH-881][ci skip] Patch by @Zorbash
+
+Wed Apr 22 18:36:50 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb (move, uid_move): support the MOVE command defined
+	  in RFC6851.  Patch by ojab ojab.
+	  [ruby-core:68960] [Feature #11077]
+
+Tue Apr 22 12:42:12 2015  Kazuki Tanaka  <gogotanaka@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_object.rb: add tests for Kernel#String and Kernel#Array.
+	  [fix GH-879][fix GH-880] Patch by @yui-knk
+
+Tue Apr 21 20:46:02 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_object.rb: renamed tests to explicitly class name.
+	  [fix GH-877] Patch by @yui-knk
+
+Tue Apr 21 05:31:00 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb (connect_internal): avoid common exceptions
+	  from connect_nonblock. [ruby-core:68909]
+
+Mon Apr 20 23:46:53 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_wreadlink): follow the official format of
+	  REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER structure.
+
+Mon Apr 20 20:23:04 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk ($(arch)-fake.rb): revert r50354 because bsdmake seems not
+	  to handle such substitution.
+
+	* tool/expand-config.rb: convert path separators here.
+
+Mon Apr 20 16:52:20 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/fake.rb: don't fake libdir.  use libdirname instead.
+
+Mon Apr 20 16:49:52 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#configuration): DESTDIR should never affect
+	  top_srcdir and builddir.
+
+Mon Apr 20 16:18:17 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk ($(arch)-fake.rb): fix the path separator up for Windows.
+
+Mon Apr 20 15:02:47 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_wreadlink): fixed a bug that a junction misses
+	  its drive letter.
+
+Mon Apr 20 12:54:56 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/*: use license instead of licence.
+	  [fix GH-876][ci skip] Patch by @davydovanton
+	* lib/net/https.rb: ditto.
+
+Mon Apr 20 12:42:40 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_so_meteor_contest.rb: fix a typo.
+	  [fix GH-876][ci skip] Patch by @davydovanton
+	* tool/bisect.sh: ditto.
+	* tool/update-deps: ditto.
+
+Mon Apr 20 11:10:46 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_connect_nonblock): do not raise EISCONN
+	  [ruby-core:68926] [Feature #11072]
+	* test/socket/test_nonblock.rb: check non-EISCONN on 2nd connect
+
+Sun Apr 19 12:19:17 2015  Chad Brewbaker  <crb002@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/{etc,openssl,tk}: Adding parens and comparisons around
+	  assignments to get rid of Wparentheses warnings.  [Fix GH-875]
+
+Sun Apr 19 10:42:54 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (get_env_cstr): environment variables must be ASCII
+	  compatible, as dummy encodings and wide char encodings are
+	  unsupported now.
+
+Sat Apr 18 15:18:56 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json/parser/parser.rl: raise with messages in UTF-8
+	  encoding.  [ruby-core:67386] [Bug #10705]
+
+Fri Apr 17 11:58:34 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (STR_SET_EMBED): clear NOFREE flag at embedding as
+	  embedded strings no longer refer static strings.
+	  [ruby-core:68436] [Bug #10942]
+
+Thu Apr 16 05:15:50 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* NEWS: note IO#wait_readable change in r50263
+
+Thu Apr 16 05:09:36 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* lib/net/protocol.rb (rbuf_fill): use IO#wait_*able
+	* lib/net/http/generic_request.rb (wait_for_continue): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:68891] [Feature #11056]
+
+Wed Apr 15 18:43:43 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_tracepoint_new): fix documentation.
+	  Commented by @emilsoman.
+
+Wed Apr 15 17:36:51 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_tracepoint_new): Add documentation for
+	  rb_tracepoint_new C level API [ci skip]
+	  Provided by @emilsoman. [fix GH-869]
+
+Wed Apr 15 10:37:40 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/contributors.rdoc: fix a typo. Patch by @davydovanton
+	  [fix GH-872][ci skip]
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc: ditto.
+	* ext/digest/sha2/sha2.c: ditto.
+	* ext/socket/ipsocket.c: ditto.
+	* ext/tk/*: ditto.
+
+Wed Apr 15 07:51:23 2015  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* doc/extension.ja.rdoc: Added description of TypedData_XXX.
+	  Deprecated the old DATA_XXX.
+	  Reviewed by ko1 and nobu.
+	  Fixes [ruby-dev:40881] #3064
+
+	* doc/extension.rdoc: ditto.
+
+Wed Apr 15 07:34:49 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (reserve_stack): keep sp safe zone to get rid
+	  of crash by -fstack-check.  [ruby-core:68740] [Bug #11030]
+
+Tue Apr 14 16:03:49 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/merger.rb (versionup): should also increment revision when
+	  changing teeny.
+
+Tue Apr 14 11:24:56 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/-test-/printf/printf.c (uint_to_str): renamed to get rid of
+	  conflict on cygwin.  [ruby-core:68877] [Bug #11065]
+
+Tue Apr 14 08:59:04 2015  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* gc.c: [DOC] Improve documentation for ObjectSpace.count_objects
+	  with regards to `:TOTAL` key, with patch by @schneems [Fixes GH-871]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/871 [Bug #11067]
+
+Mon Apr 13 22:44:07 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/envutil.rb (File.mkfifo): Defined using mkfifo command.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: Use File.mkfifo.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb: Ditto.
+
+Mon Apr 13 21:20:20 2015  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb: stricter hostname verification
+	  following RFC 6125. with the patch provided by Tony Arcieri and
+	  Hiroshi Nakamura [ruby-core:61545] [Bug #9644]
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: add tests for above.
+
+Sun Apr 12 18:40:04 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/json/json.gemspec: bump version to 1.8.2.
+	* ext/json/lib/json/version.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Apr 12 18:12:07 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/json/json.gemspec, lib/rdoc/rdoc.gemspec: added gemspec directly.
+	* defs/default_gems, tool/rbinstall.rb: removed default_gems definition.
+	  it make simple installation for default gems.
+
+Sun Apr 12 17:35:17 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/json/*, test/json/*: Reverted r50231.  Because it's not
+	  working with cross-compile environment.
+
+Sun Apr 12 15:34:59 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (arg): fix segfault by null caused by syntax error.
+	  [ruby-core:68851] [Bug #10957]
+
+Sun Apr 12 15:11:16 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb: use explicitly exception class and reverted
+	  to require JSON library for rubygems tests with Ruby 2.2.0 or earlier.
+
+Sun Apr 12 15:10:18 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/wait/wait.c (io_wait_readable): simply returns that IO is
+	  readable without blocking, but no longer returns EOF.
+
+	* ext/io/wait/wait.c (io_ready_p, io_wait_readable): try polling
+	  first and check FIONREAD optionally to see if EOF.
+	  [ruby-core:36805] [Feature #4849]
+
+Sun Apr 12 14:53:23 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb: fixed json load error for rubygems tests.
+
+Sun Apr 12 14:13:28 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c: Document require name for ObjectSpace methods.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-860] Patch by @schneems
+
+Sun Apr 12 13:54:05 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: New test that open(fifo) doesn't block other
+	  threads.
+
+Sun Apr 12 13:52:18 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/coverage/coverage.c: Remove extension from require argument.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-870] Patch by @yui-knk
+
+Sun Apr 12 10:29:14 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_connect_nonblock):
+	  support `exception: false'
+	* (get_no_exception): move function location
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_connect_nonblock):
+	  support `exception: false'
+	* test/openssl/test_pair.rb (test_connect_accept_nonblock_no_exception):
+	  test `exception: false' on connect,
+	  rename from `test_accept_nonblock_no_exception'
+	* test/socket/test_nonblock.rb (test_connect_nonblock_no_exception):
+	  new test
+
+Sun Apr 12 09:57:16 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: Test a block device on GNU/Linux.
+
+Sun Apr 12 09:24:03 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: Test a file not owned.
+
+Sun Apr 12 09:05:44 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/depend: Fix "Wrong mix of special targets" error with
+	  OpenBSD make.
+
+Sun Apr 12 09:04:37 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: Windows doesn't support Unix file
+	  modes.
+
+Sun Apr 12 08:56:44 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/-test-/file/fs.c: OpenBSD needs sys/param.h before sys/mount.h.
+
+Sun Apr 12 08:52:01 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: Test suid, sgid and sticky file.
+
+Sat Apr 11 23:48:30 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* template/fake.rb.in: Don't assign baseruby, Because it's affect to
+	  Makefile of native gem like json on bundled gems.
+
+Sat Apr 11 23:33:22 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_f_test): Consider nsec for "=", "<" and ">" for "test"
+	  method.
+
+Sat Apr 11 23:26:05 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb: support destdir for native extension gem.
+
+Sat Apr 11 21:02:06 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb
+	  (TestFileExhaustive#test_stat_socket_p): r50226 accidentally missed
+	  the guard for non-unix environments.
+
+Sat Apr 11 20:14:21 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/json/*, test/json/*, defs/default_gems: Gemify JSON library.
+	  [fix GH-867][Feature #11057]
+	* test/ruby/test_extlibs.rb: removed json gem from existence extensions.
+	* gems/bundled_gems: added json gem into bundled gem.
+	* lib/rdoc/rubygems_hook.rb: ignored no json environment.
+	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb, test/rubygems/*: ditto.
+	* lib/rdoc/test_case.rb, test/rdoc/*: ditto.
+
+Sat Apr 11 15:56:58 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: Create sample files lazily.
+
+Sat Apr 11 14:03:47 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: Test character device using
+	  /dev/null.
+
+Sat Apr 11 10:59:58 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (append_cppflags, append_cflags, append_ldflags):
+	  utility methods to append compiler options.
+
+Sat Apr 11 08:22:24 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/text.rb: removed duplicated code.
+
+Sat Apr 11 04:46:42 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* lib/net/protocol.rb (rbuf_fill): avoid exception with read_nonblock
+	  [ruby-core:68787] [Feature #11044]
+
+Fri Apr 10 23:57:44 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (need_normalization): use getattrlist() if fgetattrlist()
+	  is unavailable, on OSX 10.5.  [ruby-core:68829] [Bug #11054]
+
+Fri Apr 10 22:29:21 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (try_compile): pass the given werror flag to try_do
+	  to check if stderr is empty.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (try_cflags, try_ldflags): default werror to true.
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (WERRORFLAG): remove useless option.  VC does
+	  not make warnings of unknown command option an error.
+
+Fri Apr 10 19:34:24 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: Test socket.
+
+Fri Apr 10 19:38:46 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb: remove debug prints.
+
+Fri Apr 10 19:35:51 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c: add ObjectSpace.count_imemo_objects method
+	  to count imemo objects for each type.
+
+	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb: add a test.
+
+	* NEWS: describe about this addition.
+
+Fri Apr 10 19:34:24 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: Test anonymous pipe.
+
+Fri Apr 10 19:31:56 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: Test named pipe.
+
+Fri Apr 10 19:10:34 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (setup_hash): unify common routine.
+
+Fri Apr 10 18:29:49 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (rb_execarg_parent_start1): Handle EINTR.
+
+Fri Apr 10 17:27:58 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (vm_exec): check other events when RETURN is thrown.
+	  [Bug #10724]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test.
+
+Fri Apr 10 11:44:09 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/extconf.rb: check warnings.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (try_cflags): pass options to try_compile.
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (WERRORFLAG): make unknown command line
+	  options an error.
+
+Fri Apr 10 08:00:17 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb: unfortunately, windows is not POSIX...
+	  cygwin has mkfifo command, but it does not affect system-wide.
+
+Fri Apr 10 02:18:53 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb: Use mkfifo command instead of mknod
+	  command to create a named pipe.  mkfifo command is defined by POSIX.
+
+Fri Apr 10 01:29:05 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c: Release GVL when opening a file in spawn() to avoid whole
+	  process blocking when opening a named pipe.
+	  (open_func): New function.
+	  (rb_execarg_parent_start1): Extracted from rb_execarg_parent_start and
+	  use rb_thread_call_without_gvl2 to release GVL when opening a file.
+	  (rb_execarg_parent_start): Invoke rb_execarg_parent_start1 via
+	  rb_protect and invoke rb_execarg_parent_end when error.
+
+Thu Apr  9 22:19:19 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (redirect_open): Removed.
+
+Thu Apr  9 21:38:20 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* internal.h (rb_execarg_parent_end): Declared.
+
+	* process.c: "spawn" opens files in the parent process.
+	  (check_exec_redirect): Add an placeholder for fd in parameters
+	  for fd_open.
+	  (check_exec_fds_1): Delete fd_open condition.
+	  (check_exec_fds): Don't call check_exec_fds_1 with fd_open.
+	  (rb_execarg_parent_start): Open files specified as "spawn" options
+	  and add "dup2" options.
+	  (rb_execarg_parent_end): New function to close opened fds.
+	  (run_exec_open): Removed.
+	  (rb_execarg_run_options): Don't call run_exec_open.
+	  (rb_spawn_internal): Call rb_execarg_parent_end.
+
+	* io.c (pipe_open): Call rb_execarg_parent_end.
+
+	* ext/pty/pty.c (establishShell): Call rb_execarg_parent_end.
+
+Thu Apr  9 20:52:31 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* internal.h (rb_execarg_parent_start): Renamed from rb_execarg_fixup.
+
+	* process.c: Follows the above change.
+
+	* io.c: Ditto.
+
+	* ext/pty/pty.c: Ditto.
+
+Thu Apr  9 20:35:12 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (fd_clear_cloexec): Extracted from run_exec_dup2.
+
+Thu Apr  9 09:26:47 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ccan/list/list.h: sync with ccan upstream
+	  [ccan commit c2fbfe5282ba264f3485586e7efa8a5967f2d386]
+
+Thu Apr  9 08:24:03 2015  Masahiro Tomita  <tommy@tmtm.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (addrinfo_mload): fix memory leak of
+	  addrinfo.  [ruby-dev:48923] [Bug #11051]
+
+Wed Apr  8 17:45:02 2015  Shannon Skipper  <shannonskipper@gmail.com>
+
+	* version.c (Init_version): the version of the engine or
+	  interpreter.  [Fix GH-858]
+
+Wed Apr  8 16:15:30 2015  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@cookpad.com>
+
+	* bigdecimal: conform to ruby's license.  [ruby-core:68466] [Bug #10952]
+
+Wed Apr  8 14:57:06 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_wreadlink): should treat junctions like as
+	  symlinks.
+
+Wed Apr  8 14:03:47 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_symbol.rb: fix syntax error.
+
+Wed Apr  8 13:01:06 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_any_hash): Symbols are compared by the identities
+	  always.  [ruby-core:68767] [Bug #11035]
+
+Tue Apr  7 10:22:51 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* internal.h: fix typo. Patch by @sferik [fix GH-865]
+
+Mon Apr  6 22:52:35 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enum.c: Enumerable#chunk and Enumerable#slice_before no longer takes
+	  the initial_state argument.  [Feature #10958]
+
+Mon Apr  6 16:09:58 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_args.c: protect value stack from calling other methods
+	  during complex parameter setting process (splat, kw, and so on).
+	  [Bug #11027]
+
+	* vm_core.h: remove rb_thread_t::mark_stack_len.
+	  With this modification, we don't need to use th->mark_stack_len.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_keyword.rb: add a test.
+
+	* cont.c (cont_capture): catch up this fix.
+
+	* vm.c (rb_thread_mark): ditto.
+
+Mon Apr  6 11:26:42 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb (http_options): prevent content auto decoding
+	  because this is a downloader.
+
+Sun Apr  5 09:55:18 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/contributing.rdoc: update Maintainers list.
+
+Sun Apr  5 09:11:00 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb: fix bin script permission of bundled gems.
+
+Sun Apr  5 08:46:08 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb: support --program-suffix option.
+
+Sat Apr  4 21:31:18 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rake/*: Gemify rake [fix GH-862][Feature #11025]
+	* test/rake/*: ditto.
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb: ditto.
+
+Sat Apr  4 11:30:24 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_setbyte): check the argument first not to
+	  discard shared string and code range unnecessarily until
+	  actually changing the contents.  pointed out by headius.
+
+Sat Apr  4 08:16:43 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (edit_path): use path which is absolute ftp url
+	  on using ftp_proxy.
+
+Fri Apr  3 11:43:17 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_cfunc): update invoker arguments.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_cfunc_latter): ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (rb_vm_call_cfunc_push_frame): ditto, and prefix
+	  with rb_.
+
+Thu Apr  2 16:26:59 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk, tool/mkconfig.rb: check the running ruby version in
+	  rbconfig.rb with the program version, as RUBY_VERSION has never
+	  been affected by --with-ruby-version option.
+	  [ruby-core:68639] [Bug #11002]
+
+	* configure.in (LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS): compatibility_version must be
+	  valid version numbers, not an arbitrary string.
+
+Wed Apr  1 11:09:15 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (push_glob): remove indirect links of arguments for
+	  trampoline.
+
+Wed Apr  1 09:59:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#mv): show the exact target path in
+	  the error message instead of the destination parent directory
+	  name.  patched by Joao Britto <jabcalves AT gmail.com> at
+	  [ruby-core:68706].  [Bug #11021]
+
+Tue Mar 31 15:25:07 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/ChangeLog-0.06_to_0.52: added archived Changelog.
+	  [ruby-list:50105]
+	* doc/ChangeLog-0.50_to_0.60: ditto.
+	* doc/ChangeLog-0.60_to_1.1: ditto.
+
+Mon Mar 30 22:02:55 2015  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* README.EXT.ja: add redirect [ruby-core:68631]
+
+Mon Mar 30 14:42:41 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (fileattr_to_unixmode, winnt_lstat): deal with
+	  symbolic link than directory, and set executable bits.
+
+Mon Mar 30 11:27:54 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (copy_stream_body): use the arguments without conversion if
+	  having read, readpartial, and write methods, than conversion by
+	  to_path method.  [ruby-core:68676] [Bug #11015]
+
+Sun Mar 29 21:08:37 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (objspace_allrefs_destruct_i): fix a typo.
+	  [Bug #11013]
+
+Sun Mar 29 11:51:32 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (proc_binding): replicate env from method object, and
+	  allocate the local variable area for the iseq local table.
+	  [ruby-core:68673] [Bug #11012]
+
+Sat Mar 28 09:19:41 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/extconf.rb: try_cflags("-std=iso9899:1999") [Bug #10906]
+	  ruby itself (including numeric.c) is built with strict compile
+	  options including -std=iso9899:1999, but ext/date is not.
+	  By the way -std=iso9899:1999 is not only a warning option but also
+	  changes behavior like MACRO definitions for example INFINITY.
+	  gcc on Solaris affect this.
+
+Fri Mar 27 16:34:16 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk: revert using BOOTSTRAPRUBY for enc.mk, as
+	  enc/depend uses CONFIG.  [ruby-core:68647] [Bug #11004]
+
+Thu Mar 26 10:05:13 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/test_observer.rb: add tests for Observable module.
+	  [fix GH-859] Patch by @brightbits
+
+Thu Mar 26 06:35:10 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* README.EXT: add redirect [ruby-core:68631]
+
+Wed Mar 25 16:46:49 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: Solaris 11 has struct tcp_info.tcpi_ca_state,
+	  but it is a dummy.
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c: Solaris 11 doesn't have u_intN_t.
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c: Solaris 11 needs inspect_tcpi_msec.
+
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c: Solaris 11 has AF_PACKET but doesn't have
+	  related macros.
+
+Wed Mar 25 17:03:08 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/-test-/file/fs.c (get_fsname): try magic number only if
+	  f_type is included.  [ruby-dev:48913] [Bug #11000]
+
+Wed Mar 25 11:20:40 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_hash_aref_flo.rb: make more realistic data.
+	  [ruby-core:68632] [[Bug #10999]
+
+Wed Mar 25 10:39:06 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* .document: removed needless entries.
+
+Wed Mar 25 08:07:28 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* doc/extension.rdoc: fix spelling of filename
+	* doc/extension.ja.rdoc: ditto.
+
+Tue Mar 25 06:55:43 2015  Kazuki Tanaka  <gogotanaka@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* complex.c (k_inexact_p, k_exact_zero_p): use k_exact_zero_p macro
+	  to remove k_inexact_p macro.
+
+	* complex.c (k_exact_one_p): remove unused macro k_exact_one_p.
+
+Tue Mar 24 22:23:33 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/extension.rdoc: move from toplevel document and added extname.
+	* doc/extension.ja.rdoc: ditto.
+
+Tue Mar 24 22:06:58 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/standard_library.rdoc: strip.
+
+Tue Mar 24 22:06:27 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/standard_library.rdoc: move Thread to Extensions.
+
+Tue Mar 24 21:59:10 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/contributing.rdoc: update Maintainers list.
+
+Tue Mar 24 19:10:24 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_writebarrier_generational): fix messages for rb_bug().
+	  Remove `rb_' prefix.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_writebarrier_incremental): ditto.
+
+Tue Mar 24 17:34:01 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* README.ja.md: should be chunibyo.
+
+Tue Mar 24 17:30:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/-test-/file/fs.c (get_fsname): return filesystem name by
+	  statfs/statvfs.  [ruby-core:68624] [Bug #10998]
+
+Tue Mar 24 16:46:02 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: now doesn't required spaces just after
+	  `!`.
+
+Mon Mar 23 23:18:27 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (dir_close): don't raise on double close for consistent to
+	  IO#close.  [Feature #10950]
+
+Mon Mar 23 21:22:07 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/file.c (rb_readlink): move from file.c for better buffer
+	  allocation and the result encoding.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (wreadlink, rb_w32_ureadlink): implement readlink().
+
+Mon Mar 23 14:40:45 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (winnt_stat): stat with following symbolic links.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (winnt_lstat): rename old winnt_stat, which does
+	  not follow symbolic links.
+
+Mon Mar 23 01:44:35 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (r_symreal): register symbol names as strings first so
+	  that r_symlink always returns valid names.
+	  [ruby-core:68587] [Bug #10991]
+
+	* marshal.c (r_ivar, r_object0): now need to intern symbol names.
+
+	* marshal.c (r_object0): compare with symbol names.
+
+Sun Mar 22 22:07:40 2015  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* doc/etc.rd.ja: Fix wrong coding for Emacs.
+
+Sun Mar 22 09:53:15 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/make-snapshot (package): add default CONFIGURE name to
+	  follow r50039.
+
+	* tool/make-snapshot (package): substitute configuration variables
+	  in Makefile.in instead of passing by the command line, and make
+	  temporary Makefile instead of a pipe.
+
+Sun Mar 22 08:09:47 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (ext/ripper/ripper.c, ext/rbconfig/sizeof/sizes.c):
+	  strip autogenerated dependencies which have invalid syntax in
+	  other than nmake.
+
+Sat Mar 21 15:01:26 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_set_winsize): use handle for
+	  writing.  GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo seems failing on a handle
+	  for reading.
+
+	* io.c: [DOC] update the example of IO#winsize to use $stdout
+	  instead of $stdin, which does not work on Windows.  a patch by
+	  Jan Lelis <mail AT janlelis.de> at [ruby-core:68574].
+	  [Bug #10986]
+
+Fri Mar 20 18:41:03 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (respond_to_missing_p): check if the receiver responds to
+	  the given method by respond_to_missing?.
+
+	* proc.c (mnew_missing): create Method object for method_missing.
+	  [ruby-core:68564] [Bug #10985]
+
+Fri Mar 20 17:43:18 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* .travis.yml: enabled email notification.
+
+Fri Mar 20 17:39:52 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* .travis.yml: removed Ruby 1.9.3 build on Travis CI
+
+Fri Mar 20 12:38:36 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (obj_info): obj_info() can receive internal objects.
+
+	* gc.c (check_rvalue_consistency): obj_info() returns const char *.
+
+Fri Mar 20 12:14:37 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (obj_info): show class name and T_DATA type_name.
+
+Thu Mar 19 22:12:46 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_copy_wb_protected_attribute): `dest' can be WB unprotected.
+
+Thu Mar 19 21:25:25 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_copy_wb_protected_attribute): demote `dest' object.
+
+Thu Mar 19 16:18:00 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c, internal.h: export rb_gc_verify_internal_consistency().
+
+Thu Mar 19 16:15:24 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (obj_info): show allocation site if GC_DEBUG is not 0.
+
+Thu Mar 19 16:12:01 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (newobj_of): fix RGENGC_OLD_NEWOBJ_CHECK logics.
+	  * skip on incremental marking because not sure what happen :p
+	  * rb_gc_writebarrier_remember() is enough to mark children.
+
+Thu Mar 19 16:08:42 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_copy_wb_protected_attribute): need demote for old objects.
+
+Thu Mar 19 10:31:00 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* random.c (fill_random_bytes): release the handle in the static
+	  variable, not a local variable.
+
+Thu Mar 19 06:30:35 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_clone): do not touch age (FL_PROMOTED[01]) because
+	  rb_obj_alloc() can return old object in debug.
+
+Thu Mar 19 06:29:28 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb: flag name was changed
+	  (long_lived -> uncollectible).
+
+Thu Mar 19 05:30:13 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_mark): skip some marking if iseq->orig is available.
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_clone): need WB for iseq1->klass = iseq0->klass
+	  (done in MEMCPY).
+
+Thu Mar 19 04:55:53 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* internal.h (IMEMO_DEBUG): added.
+
+	* internal.h: remove unused FL_IMEMO_MARK_V[0-3].
+
+	* gc.c (rb_imemo_new_debug): added.
+
+	* gc.c (obj_info): show imemo type name.
+
+Thu Mar 19 04:52:26 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (RGENGC_OLD_NEWOBJ_CHECK): add check mechanism.
+
+	  If RGENGC_OLD_NEWOBJ_CHECK > 0, then create old objects
+	  (not new objects) periodically.
+
+	  Create one old objects per RGENGC_OLD_NEWOBJ_CHECK objects are
+	  created.
+
+Thu Mar 19 04:46:36 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_sort_by): add WBs.
+
+Thu Mar 19 03:37:52 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (check_rvalue_consistency): refactoring.
+	  * not inline on RGENGC_CHECK_MODE > 0.
+	  * check SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj) first.
+	  * add a check that remembered_bit is only TRUE when old (age == 3).
+
+	* gc.c (RVALUE_DEMOTE): should clear RVALUE_REMEMBERED bit.
+
+	  remembered_bit should be TRUE only for old (age == 3) objects.
+
+	  Actually there are no effect because demoted objects will be
+	  uncollectible WB unprotected objects (marked at the beginning of
+	  every minor GC).
+
+Thu Mar 19 02:52:48 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: rename terminologies.
+	  * long_lived -> uncollectible:
+	    because this bitmap does not mean "long lived objects in past",
+	    but means "prohibit collection these objects until next major GC".
+
+	    Uncollectible objects consist of two types objects, one is old
+	    objects (WB protected objects which age == 3) and another is
+	    uncollectible WB unprotected objects which are referred from old
+	    objects
+
+	  * remembered_wb_unprotected_objects ->
+	    uncollectible_wb_unprotected_objects:
+	    because uncollectible objects does not mean remembered objects.
+
+Wed Mar 18 17:21:12 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_writebarrier_generational): add an alternative write
+	  barrier (WB) implementation.
+	  When finding reference from [Old obj] to [New obj] by WB, current
+	  implementation marks [Old obj] as remembered old objects and marks
+	  children of [Old obj] at the beginning of marking.
+
+	  Added (but disabled) code changes current behaviour. This fix promote
+	  [New obj] to old and marks as a remembered old object. We can assume
+	  "new objects referred from old objects are maybe long-lived old
+	  objects".
+
+	  Disadvantage of added algorithm is we may promote unwilling
+	  short-lived objects. For example, consider many new objects push and
+	  pop to an old stack object. All of new objects (short-lived objects)
+	  promote to old objects unexpectedly.
+
+	  To compare these behaviour, I add this new code (but disabled it).
+
+Wed Mar 18 17:14:39 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (RVALUE_PROMOTE_RAW): rename to RVALUE_OLD_LONG_LIVED_SET()
+	  to make clear.
+
+Wed Mar 18 17:10:01 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (check_rvalue_consistency): do not need to check is_sweeping().
+
+Wed Mar 18 14:13:22 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_wb_ary.rb: run GC to finish "marking" phase.
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_wb_obj.rb: ditto.
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_wb_ary_promoted.rb: add parameter
+	  full_mark: false to invoke only minor GC.
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_wb_obj_promoted.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Mar 18 12:07:36 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* string.c: add a comment about RSTRING_FSTR.
+
+Wed Mar 18 12:01:53 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_any_hash): use same hash values with Float#hash so
+	  that -0.0 and +0.0 will be identical.
+	  [ruby-core:68541] [Bug #10979]
+
+Wed Mar 18 05:34:32 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* string.c: introduce STR_FAKESTR to show string is FAKESTR or not.
+
+	* string.c (STR_SET_SHARED): ignore FAKESTR because only Ruby objects
+	  can use write barrier.
+
+Tue Mar 17 18:59:16 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: use rb_gc_writebrrier() simply.
+	  For incremental GC, we need to get a pointer to the objspace.
+	  We can share this pointer for the following WB process.
+	  And considering icache hit ratio, process in the GC.
+
+	* gc.c (rb_gc_writebarrier): added.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_writebarrier_generational, gc_writebarrier_incremental):
+	  make them NOINLINE because inlining them into rb_gc_writebarrier()
+	  makes a prologue code of rb_gc_writebarrier() longer (storing callee
+	  save registers).
+
+	  This patch improve the performance of WB on micro-benchmarks.
+
+	  name                   ruby 2.1   trunk   modified
+	  vm1_gc_wb_ary*            0.511   0.632      0.532
+	  vm1_gc_wb_ary_promoted*   0.578   0.701      0.674
+	  vm1_gc_wb_obj*            0.419   0.575      0.492
+	  vm1_gc_wb_obj_promoted*   0.537   0.664      0.618
+	                                                 (sec)
+
+Tue Mar 17 18:51:43 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_wb_ary(_promoted).rb: separate fastpath and
+	  slowpath for WB.
+
+	  Before this change bm_vm1_gc_wb_ary.rb tried to check the performance
+	  for WB slowpath (making a reference from oldobj to newobj). However,
+	  from Ruby 2.2, 3 GCs are needed to promote new objects because
+	  only 3 age objects are promoted objects.
+
+	  To compare fastpath and slowpath, introduce new "promoted" version
+	  benchmark.
+
+	  bm_vm1_gc_wb_ary.rb is for fastpath and
+	  bm_vm1_gc_wb_ary_promoted.rb is for slowpath.
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_gc_wb_obj(_promoted).rb: ditto.
+
+Tue Mar 17 17:23:11 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (glob_helper): distinguish not-yet-stated and DT_UNKNOWN
+	  by readdir, and traverse recursively for the former.  Linux
+	  readdir returns DT_UNKNOWN on some filesystems, e.g., smbfs,
+	  iso9660.
+
+Mon Mar 16 17:43:21 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/webrick/server.rb: Fix regression bug in WEBrick's
+	  :DoNotReverseLookup config option implementation.
+	  [fix GH-731] Patch by @vais
+	* test/webrick/test_do_not_reverse_lookup.rb: ditto.
+
+Sat Mar 14 20:05:23 2015  Kazuki Tanaka  <gogotanaka@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* math.c (math_gamma): optimization for passed small integer.
+
+Sat Mar 14 18:07:23 2015  Kazuki Tanaka  <gogotanaka@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enum.c: [DOC] Fixes Enumerable#member? documentation
+	  [fix GH-756][ci skip] Patch by @shamanime
+
+Sat Mar 14 12:23:53 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (glob_helper): use d_type to reduce lstat system calls.
+
+	* win32/dir.h (struct direct): add d_type instead of d_isdir and
+	  d_isrep.  SYMLINKD is unreliable, since the target can be
+	  replaced after a link was created.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (readdir_internal): set d_type.
+
+Sat Mar 14 02:14:50 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (primary): empty parentheses at cmdarg can be null.
+	  [ruby-core:68477] [Bug #10957]
+
+Fri Mar 13 15:04:36 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_close): don't raise on double
+	  close for consistent to IO#close.
+
+Fri Mar 13 15:03:20 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_close_read, rb_io_close_write): don't raise after
+	  close same as IO#close.
+
+Fri Mar 13 12:29:07 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/readline/test_readline.rb: Restore environment variables:
+	  COLUMNS LINES
+
+Fri Mar 13 11:37:46 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/extconf.rb: needs --enable-shared when linked to
+	  libruby or fiddle.so.  since --with-static-linked-ext does no
+	  longer link extensions to ruby program with --enable-shared, the
+	  only combination needs --enable-static is --disable-shared and
+	  --with-static-linked-ext.  [ruby-dev:48901] [Bug #10960]
+
+Fri Mar 13 07:02:20 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_s_accept_nonblock): use rb_hash_lookup2
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (get_no_exception): new function
+	  (ossl_ssl_accept_nonblock): use get_no_exception
+	  (ossl_ssl_read_internal): ditto
+	  (ossl_ssl_write_nonblock): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:68511]
+
+Fri Mar 13 07:01:38 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: predefine wait_*able symbols
+
+Thu Mar 12 22:59:53 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/leakchecker.rb: Check environment variables.
+
+Thu Mar 12 05:54:27 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_s_accept_nonblock):
+	  support exception: false
+	  [ruby-core:66385] [Feature #10532]
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_init_socket_init): define new symbols
+	* ext/socket/rubysocket.h: adjust prototype
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_accept_nonblock): support exception: false
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_accept_nonblock): ditto
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (Init_socket): adjust accept_nonblock definition
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (Init_ossl_ssl): ditto
+	* ext/socket/tcpserver.c (rsock_init_tcpserver): ditto
+	* ext/socket/unixserver.c (rsock_init_unixserver): ditto
+	* ext/socket/tcpserver.c (tcp_accept_nonblock): adjust
+	  rsock_s_accept_nonblock call
+	* ext/socket/unixserver.c (unix_accept_nonblock): ditto
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_start_ssl): support no_exception
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_connect): adjust ossl_start_ssl call
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_connect_nonblock): ditto
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_accept): ditto
+	* test/socket/test_nonblock.rb (test_accept_nonblock): test for
+	  "exception :false"
+	* test/socket/test_tcp.rb (test_accept_nonblock): new test
+	* test/socket/test_unix.rb (test_accept_nonblock): ditto
+	* test/openssl/test_pair.rb (test_accept_nonblock_no_exception): ditto
+
+Thu Mar 12 10:53:06 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* internal.h, node.h: move a definition of `struct rb_global_entry'
+	  and related functions from node.h to internal.h.
+
+	* variable.c: remove unused include pragma.
+
+	* common.mk: remove unused dependency.
+
+Thu Mar 12 10:32:39 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* common.mk: remove unused dependency.
+
+Thu Mar 12 08:20:14 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* load.c: removed unused header file "node.h".
+
+	* method.h: ditto.
+
+	* symbol.c: ditto.
+
+Thu Mar 12 08:14:48 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: RGENGC_CHECK_MODE should be 0.
+
+Thu Mar 12 07:44:17 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* internal.h: use T_IMEMO to represent `struct MEMO' value.
+	  memo->v1 and memo->v2 is WB protected values.
+	  So use MEMO_V1/V2_SET() macros to set these values.
+	  memo->u3 is ambiguous (sometimes a VALUE, sometimes an integer
+	  value), so use gc_mark_maybe() in gc.c to mark it.
+
+	  Rename NEW_MEMO() to MEMO_NEW().
+
+	  Move MEMO_FOR and NEW_MEMO_FOR macros from node.h.
+
+	  Export a rb_imemo_new() function for ext/ripper.
+
+	* node.h: remove NODE_MEMO.
+
+	* enum.c: catch up these change.
+
+	* enumerator.c: ditto.
+
+	* load.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (count_nodes): ditto.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_children): mark imemo_memo type.
+
+	* parse.y (new_args_gen): use T_IMEMO.
+	  (I'm not sure it is working correctly...)
+
+Wed Mar 11 22:36:34 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* eval.c (frame_called_id): it should use vm_ifunc type.
+
+	* eval.c (frame_func_id): ditto.
+
+Wed Mar 11 22:27:05 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* node.h: remove NODE_IFUNC, NEW_IFUNC.
+
+	* internal.h: use T_IMEMO for IFUNC.
+
+	  rename `struct IFUNC' to `struct vm_ifunc' and move the definition
+	  from vm_insnhelper.h. Add imemo_ifunc.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_children): mark imemo_ifunc type T_IMEMO object.
+
+	* compile.c: catch up these changes.
+
+	* proc.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_core.h (RUBY_VM_IFUNC_P): ditto.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_iterate): ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c: ditto.
+
+Wed Mar 11 21:53:43 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* internal.h, eval_intern.h: move CREF accessors.
+
+	  List IMEMO supported types in internal.h.
+
+Wed Mar 11 21:45:36 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h: use T_IMEMO to create THROW_DATA.
+
+	  Add THROW_DATA_NEW().
+
+	* internal.h: move definition of `struct THROW_DATA'
+	  from vm_insnhelper.h to internal.h.
+
+	  Rename `THROW_DATA' to `vm_throw_data'.
+
+	* eval_intern.h (THROW_DATA_P): move to internal.h.
+	  THROW_DATA is no longer T_NODE, so check T_IMEMO.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_children): mark THROW_DATA.
+
+	* vm.c: catch up these changes.
+
+	* vm_eval.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
+
+Wed Mar 11 21:21:56 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: use T_IMEMO to create SVAR.
+
+	* internal.h, vm_insnhelper.h: move definition `struct SVAR'
+	  from vm_insnhelper.h to internal.h. And rename it to struct vm_svar.
+
+	  new imemo_type imemo_svar is added.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_children): mark imemo_svar.
+
+	* node.c (rb_gc_mark_node): remove useless marking.
+
+Wed Mar 11 19:35:46 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: introduce new type T_IMEMO.
+	  T_IMEMO is Internal Memo type, internal use only.
+	  T_IMEMO has same purpose of NODE_MEMO.
+
+	  To insert T_IMEMO, type numbers are modified a little.
+
+	* internal.h: define struct RIMemo. Each RIMemo objects
+	  has imemo_type. We can observe it by the imemo_type() function.
+
+	* gc.c (rb_imemo_new): added.
+
+	* node.h: remove NODE_CREF and NEW_CREF().
+
+	* node.c (rb_gc_mark_node): ditto.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_cref_new): use rb_imem_new().
+
+	* vm_eval.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: use RIMemo objects for CREF.
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c: support T_IMEMO.
+
+Wed Mar 11 17:03:20 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: fix memory leak by prepend method.
+
+	  It is easy to reproduce with such script:
+
+	    module M; def bar; end; end
+	    loop{
+	      Class.new do
+	        def foo; end
+	        prepend M
+	      end
+	    }
+
+	* gc.c (obj_free): free T_ICLASS::m_tbl if it is created by prepend.
+	  To recognize it, check RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN flag.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_children): T_ICLASS objects only need to mark
+	  T_ICLASS::m_tbl if RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN is set.
+
+	* gc.c (obj_memsize_of): count T_ICLASS if RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN is set.
+
+	* internal.h (RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN): add to set RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN.
+
+	  TODO: The word `origin' seems not good name. We need to invent
+	  another good name.
+
+	* class.c: use RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN().
+
+	* class.c (class_alloc): zero clear rb_classext_t.
+
+Wed Mar 11 13:28:49 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: check also procstat_getvmmap, which is not
+	  available on FreeBSD 9.  [ruby-core:68468] [Bug #10954]
+
+	* vm_dump.c (procstat_vm): use kinfo_getvmmap instead if
+	  procstat_getvmmap is not available.
+
+Wed Mar 11 09:15:21 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* internal.h: define struct MEMO.
+
+	* enum.c: use MEMO.
+
+	* enumerator.c: ditto.
+
+	* load.c: ditto.
+
+	* node.h: return (struct MEMO *) pointer.
+
+Wed Mar 11 06:26:21 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h (THROW_DATA_STATE): return int, not VALUE.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h (THROW_DATA_STATE_SET): accept int value.
+
+Wed Mar 11 05:06:46 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_catch_protect): use THROW_DATA_VAL().
+
+Wed Mar 11 04:56:04 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h: define struct IFUNC.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_iterate): use it.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_yield_with_cfunc): ditto.
+
+Wed Mar 11 03:52:12 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* eval_intern.h (THROW_DATA_P): use RB_TYPE_P() instead of
+	  BUILTIN_TYPE().
+
+	* thread.c (thread_join): use THROW_DATA_P().
+
+Wed Mar 11 03:48:01 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* proc.c: use RUBY_VM_IFUNC_P() to recognize IFUNC or not.
+
+	* vm.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_dump.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_core.h (RUBY_VM_IFUNC_P): use RB_TYPE_P() instead of
+	  BUILTIN_TYPE().
+
+Wed Mar 11 03:21:37 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h: define struct THROW_DATA to represent
+	  throwing data. Also define accessor functions.
+
+	* eval_intern.h: move related changes into vm_insnhelper.h.
+	  Now these MACROs (functions) are only used in vm*.c.
+
+	  There is only THROW_DATA_P(err) to check this data type or not.
+
+	* vm.c: catch up these changes.
+
+	* vm_eval.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
+
+Wed Mar 11 00:57:00 2015  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_security_trust_dir.rb: The return value of
+	  File::Stat#mode is OS dependent. In AIX, 0200000 is set.
+
+Tue Mar 10 20:03:41 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/server.rb: Invoke setup_shutdown_pipe in start method
+	  instead of listen method.
+	  [ruby-core:68476] [Bug #10956] Reported by Shintaro Kojima.
+
+Tue Mar 10 17:27:27 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_join): Fixnum (except TAG_FATAL) and
+	  NODE should not be reached here.
+
+Mon Mar  9 21:42:10 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (ep_cref): rename to lep_cref() because it should be
+	  local ep.
+
+Mon Mar  9 16:34:36 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_close): don't raise on double
+	  close for consistent to IO#close.
+
+Mon Mar 09 06:44:48 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h: define struct SVAR for SVAR.
+	  This data type is also same layout of NODE (NODE_IF).
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: catch up this change.
+
+Mon Mar  9 06:43:21 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (lep_svar_set): add WBs.
+
+Mon Mar  9 06:19:06 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* internal.h: define rb_cref_t and change to use it.
+
+	  rb_cref_t is data type of CREF. Now, the body is still NODE.
+	  It is easy to understand what is CREF and what is pure NODE.
+
+Mon Mar  9 06:00:37 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h (COPY_CREF_OMOD): fix translation miss.
+
+Mon Mar  9 04:47:58 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* internal.h: define CREF accessor macros.
+	  * CREF_CLASS(cref)
+	  * CREF_NEXT(cref)
+	  * CREF_VISI(cref)
+	  * CREF_VISI_SET(cref, v)
+	  * CREF_REFINEMENTS(cref)
+	  * CREF_PUSHED_BY_EVAL(cref)
+	  * CREF_PUSHED_BY_EVAL_SET(cref)
+	  * CREF_OMOD_SHARED(cref)
+	  * CREF_OMOD_SHARED_SET(cref)
+	  * CREF_OMOD_SHARED_UNSET(cref)
+
+	  This is process to change CREF data type from NODE.
+
+Sun Mar  8 22:50:57 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (rb_gzfile_close): Don't raise on double
+	  close for consistent to IO#close.
+
+Sun Mar  8 16:57:35 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (glob_helper): match patterns against legacy short names
+	  too, not only ordinary names.  [ruby-core:67954] [Bug #10819]
+
+	* win32/dir.h (struct direct): add short name members.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (opendir_internal, readdir_internal): ditto.
+
+Sat Mar  7 09:36:05 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c: document that first element is kept when using
+	  Array#uniq and #uniq! [fix GH-845][ci skip]
+	  Patch by @riffraff
+
+Sat Mar  7 09:28:02 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c: Mutex#owned? is no longer experimental since 2.1.0
+	  [fix GH-839][ci skip] Patch by @takiy33
+
+Sat Mar  7 09:18:42 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* tool/merger.rb: Added documentation to version method.
+	  [fix GH-847][ci skip] Patch by @magikid
+
+Fri Mar  6 22:50:36 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* class.c (rb_prepend_module): need a WB for klass -> origin.
+
+Fri Mar  6 20:18:38 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* fix namespace issue on singleton class expressions. [Bug #10943]
+
+	* vm_core.h, method.h: remove rb_iseq_t::cref_stack. CREF is stored
+	  to rb_method_definition_t::body.iseq_body.cref.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: modify SVAR usage.
+	  When calling ISEQ type method, push CREF information onto method
+	  frame, SVAR located place. Before this fix, SVAR is simply nil.
+	  After this patch, CREF (or NULL == Qfalse for not iseq methods)
+	  is stored at the method invocation.
+
+	  When SVAR is required, then put NODE_IF onto SVAR location,
+	  and NDOE_IF::nd_reserved points CREF itself.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_cref_new, vm_cref_dump, vm_cref_new_toplevel): added.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_push_frame): accept CREF.
+
+	* method.h, vm_method.c (rb_add_method_iseq): added. This function
+	  accepts iseq and CREF.
+
+	* class.c (clone_method): use rb_add_method_iseq().
+
+	* gc.c (mark_method_entry): mark method_entry::body.iseq_body.cref.
+
+	* iseq.c: remove CREF related codes.
+
+	* insns.def (getinlinecache/setinlinecache): CREF should be cache key
+	  because a different CREF has a different namespace.
+
+	* node.c (rb_gc_mark_node): mark NODE_IF::nd_reserved for SVAR.
+
+	* proc.c: catch up changes.
+
+	* struct.c: ditto.
+
+	* insns.def: ditto.
+
+	* vm_args.c (raise_argument_error): ditto.
+
+	* vm_eval.c: ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_class.rb: add a test.
+
+Fri Mar  6 18:19:13 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/webrick/test_filehandler.rb: on vboxsf (on VirtualBox
+	  on Windows 7), file name and permissions are strange (can access
+	  by short file name and so on).
+
+	  Simply skip on such tests on such FS. To detect strange FS, this
+	  patch use a part of code `File.executable?(__FILE__)`.
+	  Please correct them if there are better ways.
+
+Fri Mar  6 17:31:29 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_beginendblock.rb: do not change directory.
+
+	  Run system command in the directory mounted by vboxsf on Windows 7
+	  and get warning like that "warning: Insecure world writable dir...".
+
+Fri Mar  6 10:31:00 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call_super): search next super class from the
+	  original class, to get rid of infinite recursion with
+	  prepending.  a patch by Seiei Higa <hanachin AT gmail.com> at
+	  [ruby-core:68434].  [ruby-core:68093] [Bug #10847]
+
+Fri Mar  6 08:45:26 2015  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Add Vector#round. Patch by Jordan Stephens.
+	  [Fixes GH-802]
+
+Fri Mar  6 07:33:03 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (obj_info): show node name too.
+
+Fri Mar  6 07:00:44 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* internal.h: remove struct method_table_wrapper.
+	  struct method_table_wrapper was introduced to avoid duplicate marking
+	  for method tables.
+
+	  For example, `module M1; def foo; end; end` make one method table
+	  (mtbl) contains a method `foo`. M1 (T_MODULE) points mtbl.
+	  Classes C1 and C2 includes M1, then two T_ICLASS objects are created
+	  and they points mtbl too. In this case, three objects (one T_MODULE
+	  and two T_ICLASS objects) points same mtbl. On marking phase, these
+	  three objects mark same mtbl. To avoid such duplication, struct
+	  method_table_wrapper was introduced.
+
+	  However, created two T_ICLASS objects have same or shorter lifetime
+	  than M1 (T_MODULE) object. So that we only need to mark mtbl from M1,
+	  not from T_ICLASS objects. This patch tries marking only from M1.
+	  In other words, original module (M1) has responsibility to mark mtbl.
+	  Because of no duplicate marking, we don't need method_table_wrapper
+	  any more.
+
+	  Note that one `Module#prepend` call creates two T_ICLASS objects.
+	  One for referring to a prepending Module object, same as
+	  `Module#include`. We don't need to care this T_ICLASS.
+	  One for moving original mtbl from a prepending class. We need to
+	  mark such mtbl from this T_ICLASS object. To mark the mtbl,
+	  we need to use `RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass)` on marking from a prepended
+	  class `klass`.
+
+	* class.c: ditto.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_using_refinement): ditto.
+
+	* gc.c: ditto.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: define m_tbl directly. The definition of
+	  struct RClass should be moved to (srcdir)/internal.h.
+
+	* method.h: remove decl of rb_free_m_tbl_wrapper().
+
+	* object.c: use RCLASS_M_TBL() directly.
+
+Fri Mar  6 02:50:12 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (replace_real_basename): need to check the return value of
+	  GLOB_REALLOC().
+
+Fri Mar  6 02:26:03 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (replace_real_basename): shouldn't create Ruby object before
+	  the object system is loaded.
+	  [ruby-core:68430] [Bug #10941]
+
+Wed Mar  5 16:58:43 2015  Kazuki Tanaka  <gogotanaka@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c: [DOC] #delete method actually returns nil, if the key
+	  is not found. [fix GH-844][ci skip] Patch by @ivdma
+
+Wed Mar  5 12:22:23 2015  Kazuki Tanaka  <gogotanaka@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* math.c: refactoring: remove unnecessary variable d0 to unify code
+	  appearance.
+
+Thu Mar  5 11:50:54 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (eval_string_with_cref): A binding should keep
+	  refinements activation information and the refinements should be
+	  activated in subsequent eval calls with the binding.
+	  [ruby-core:67945] [Bug #10818]
+
+Thu Mar  5 11:16:55 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: There is no need anymore to suppress
+	  warnings.
+
+Thu Mar  5 08:31:02 2015  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* random.c (random_raw_seed): Avoid calling fill_random_bytes()
+	  if the requested size is 0. AIX returns -1 for 0-byte read from
+	  /dev/urandom, while other UNIX returns 0. With this change,
+	  Random.raw_seed(0) consistently returns "" in any UNIX.
+
+Wed Mar  4 12:43:32 2015  Kazuki Tanaka  <gogotanaka@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_math.rb (assert_float_and_int): Refactor test cases
+	  by introducing assert_float_and_int. [misc #10810]
+
+Wed Mar  4 11:52:30 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* symbol.c (Init_sym): make dsym_fstrs a hash compared by identity
+	  as the keys are unique fstrings, to get rid of running hash and
+	  compare methods and causing new object allocation during garbage
+	  collection phase.  [ruby-dev:48891] [Bug #10933]
+
+Wed Mar  4 10:16:57 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* enum.c: Fix typo in slice_after's exception message.
+	  [fix GH-842][ci skip] Patch by @jsyeo
+
+Wed Mar  4 10:15:37 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc: add some missing spaces and
+	  fix a grammatical error in method docs.
+	  [fix GH-843][ci skip] Patch by @nikolas
+
+Wed Mar  4 02:13:06 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb (backport_command_string): pick up only
+	  when the revision exists in trunk.
+
+Wed Mar  4 00:44:56 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_io_blocking_region): assigned variables
+	  inside EXEC_TAG() should be volatile.
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_s_handle_interrupt): ditto.
+
+	* thread.c (exec_recursive): ditto.
+
+Wed Mar  4 00:29:18 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: now can specify shorten form of commands.
+
+Tue Mar  3 23:41:42 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb (Readline.readline): drop untreated control
+	  characters.
+
+Tue Mar  3 22:25:24 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/lib/envutil.rb (EnvUtil.invoke_ruby): need to rescue because
+	  Signal.signame may raise exception.
+
+Tue Mar  3 16:57:39 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: use 'b' instead of 's' for showing
+	  Backport options for merger.rb.
+
+Tue Mar  3 16:55:23 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: show selected ticket number at prompt.
+
+Tue Mar  3 14:47:30 2015  Kazuki Tanaka  <gogotanaka@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* math.c (num2dbl_with_to_f): direct casting from Rational to double.
+	  [Feature #10909]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_math.rb: add tests for the above change.
+
+Tue Mar  3 07:52:20 2015  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_symbol.rb: avoid a false positive in AIX.
+
+Tue Mar  3 00:59:39 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: set PRELOADENV in Solaris to avoid "wrong ELF class"
+	  error. [Bug #10926] [ruby-dev:48888]
+	* configure.in: set LIBPATHENV for 32-bit compile in Solaris
+	  in addition to 64-bit.
+
+Mon Mar  2 15:36:10 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: do not check _setjmp unless _longjmp is available,
+	  so that configure results will not be changed by cache.
+
+Mon Mar  2 14:44:56 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE): restore unsigned type from
+	  cached variable only if the target type is not available.
+
+Mon Mar  2 13:04:27 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* signal.c (sig_signame): return nil if the argument is a valid
+	  signal number.
+
+Mon Mar  2 12:05:04 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/net/ftp/test_ftp.rb (create_ftp_server): set SO_OOBINLINE
+	  for receiving OOB data which is sent with MSG_OOB flag in
+	  portable way. [Bug #10915] [ruby-dev:48885]
+	* test/net/ftp/test_ftp.rb (test_abort, test_status): use gets
+	  for receiving OOB data in portable way.
+
+Mon Mar  2 11:43:07 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE): restore unsigned type from
+	  cached variable.
+
+Mon Mar  2 06:01:41 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/io/wait/wait.c (io_nread): wrap return value with INT2FIX
+	  Thanks to Yura Sokolov <funny.falcon@gmail.com>
+	  [ruby-core:68369] [Bug#10923]
+	* test/io/wait/test_io_wait.rb (test_nread_buffered):
+	  fix broken test
+
+Sun Mar  1 20:21:16 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE): restore convertible type from
+	  cached variable, so that configured results will be stable.
+
+Sun Mar  1 18:10:34 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (rb_cv_broken_memmem): check before adding the
+	  result HAVE_MEMMEM macro to confdefs.h, so that configured
+	  results will be stable.
+
+Sun Mar  1 11:17:56 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (id2ref): prohibit from accessing internal objects.
+	  [ruby-core:68348] [Bug #10918]
+
+Sun Mar  1 09:06:11 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/time.rb (strptime): Support %s.%N.
+	  [ruby-core:68301] [Bug #10904] Patch by Sadayuki Furuhashi.
+
+Sat Feb 28 17:18:39 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_each_slice, enum_each_cons): limit elements size by
+	  the enumerator size.  suggested by Hans Mackowiak <hanmac AT
+	  gmx.de> at [ruby-core:68335]
+
+Sat Feb 28 15:44:20 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): get rid of making new strings
+	  inside signal context.
+
+	* variable.c (rb_tmp_class_path): defer making temporary class
+	  path string.
+
+	* variable.c (rb_search_class_path): search class path or return
+	  Qnil or Qfalse if unnamed, not creating a temporary path.
+
+Sat Feb 28 15:02:02 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_tmp_class_path): preserve name encoding of an
+	  anonymous instance of module/class subclass.
+
+Sat Feb 28 08:24:30 2015  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/pty/pty.c: AIX supports autopush.
+	  Patch by Perry Smith [ruby-core:58539] [Bug #9144]
+
+Fri Feb 27 22:00:05 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rubygems: Update to RubyGems 2.4.6 and HEAD(800f2e6).
+	  Fixed #1159, #1171, #1173 on rubygems/rubygems
+	* test/rubygems: ditto.
+
+Fri Feb 27 20:55:42 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rake: Update to rake (9237e74), typo fix and remove needless
+	  private syntax.
+	* test/rake: ditto.
+
+Fri Feb 27 17:06:44 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: define vm_svar_index.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c, vm.c, compile.c: use vm_svar_index names.
+
+	* iseq.h: remove DEFAULT_SPECIAL_VAR_COUNT.
+	  use VM_SVAR_FLIPFLOP_START instead.
+
+Fri Feb 27 13:57:48 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (setup_narg): wipe away expanded part of buffer to get rid
+	  of revealing uncleaned data.  reported by Dongkwan Kim <dkay AT
+	  kaist.ac.kr>.
+
+Wed Feb 25 22:25:07 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* spec/default.mspec: use default configuration file name.
+	  https://github.com/ruby/rubyspec/commit/cc69f337b06362e5607ffa3e3ad40ef7494960cf
+
+Wed Feb 25 22:21:56 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* spec/default.mspec: remove specific version number.
+	  https://github.com/ruby/rubyspec/commit/7a909e925c1baa9c700bd44af9241aef6e596714
+
+Wed Feb 25 22:04:04 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/win32/Win32API.rb (initialize): accept both a string and an array
+	  for the arguments of the imported function.
+	  reported by Aaron Stone [ruby-core:68208] [Bug #10876] [Fixes GH-835]
+
+Wed Feb 25 18:12:11 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* signal.c (sighandler): preserve errno
+	  Patch by Steven Stewart-Gallus <sstewartgallus00@mylangara.bc.ca>
+	  [ruby-core:68172] [Bug #10866]
+
+Wed Feb 25 15:59:35 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (push_pattern, push_glob): make globbed file names same
+	  encoding to the given pattern.
+
+Wed Feb 25 15:27:16 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/merger.rb: support 2.1+ versioning scheme.
+
+Tue Feb 25 08:49:12 2015  Kazuki Tanaka  <gogotanaka@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/cmath.rb (log): raise ArgumentError when more than 2 arguments
+	  are passed. [ruby-core:66143] [Bug #10487]
+
+Tue Feb 25 02:15:17 2015  Kazuki Tanaka  <gogotanaka@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_math.rb: Use assert_infinity instead of assert_equal(1.0/0, ...).
+
+	* test/ruby/test_math.rb: Add tests for overriding Integer#to_f.
+	  [ruby-core:67919] [Misc #10809]
+
+Tue Feb 24 22:58:48 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* complex.c (nucomp_mul): calculate as rotation in complex plane
+	  if matrix calculation resulted in NaN.
+
+Tue Feb 24 21:45:39 2015  Kazuki Tanaka  <gogotanaka@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_math.rb(test_cbrt): Add an assertion for Math.cbrt(1.0/0)
+	  and move #test_cbrt to more proper place.
+
+Tue Feb 24 19:09:25 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (lep_svar_place, lep_svar_get): do not create
+	  additional T_NODE object (svars holder) when only getting
+	  svars.
+
+Tue Feb 24 11:49:48 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* time.c (time_zone_name): should be US-ASCII only if all 7-bits,
+	  otherwise locale encoding.  [ruby-core:68230] [Bug #10887]
+
+Tue Feb 24 09:47:07 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (chompped_length): enable smart chomp for all non-dummy
+	  encoding strings, not only default_rs.
+	  [ruby-core:68258] [Bug #10893]
+
+Mon Feb 23 23:19:42 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/vcs.rb (IO.popen): support :chdir option.
+
+	* tool/vcs.rb (VCS::GIT.get_revisions): use :chdir option instead
+	  of -C option which is not supported by older git.
+	  [ruby-dev:48880] [Bug #10890]
+
+Mon Feb 23 15:26:39 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_split_m): raise ArgumentError at broken string
+	  not RegexpError, as Regexp is not involved in.
+	  [ruby-core:68229] [Bug #10886]
+
+Mon Feb 23 07:25:29 2015  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* time.c: Zone encoding should be US-ASCII if all 7-bits. Fix r46907.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_time.rb, test/ruby/test_time_tz.rb: Update tests.
+
+Sun Feb 22 18:33:42 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* common.mk: use ruby organization for rubyspec.
+
+Sun Feb 22 15:56:06 2015  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (rb_vm_rewrite_cref_stack): copy nd_refinements
+	  of original crefs. It fixes segmentation fault when calling
+	  refined method in duplicate module. [ruby-dev:48878] [Bug #10885]
+
+	* vm_core.h, class.c: change accordingly.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: add a test for above.
+
+Sun Feb 22 10:43:37 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace_call_finalizer): control GC execution during
+	  force firnalizations at the end of interpreter process.
+	  [Bug #10768]
+
+	  1) Prohibit incremental GC while running Ruby-level finalizers
+	     to avoid any danger.
+	  2) Prohibit GC while invoking T_DATA/T_FILE data structure
+	     because these operations break object relations consistency.
+
+	  This patch can introduce another memory consuming issue because
+	  Ruby-level finalizers can run after (2), GC is disabled.
+	  However, basically object consistency was broken at (2) as I
+	  described above. So that running Ruby-level finalizers contains
+	  danger originally. Because of this point, I need to suggest to
+	  remove these 3 lines (invoking remaining finalizers). And add a
+	  rule to add that finalizers should not add new finalizers, or
+	  say there is no guarantee to invoke finalizers that added by
+	  another finalizer.
+
+Sun Feb 22 04:07:05 2015  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: [DOC] RDoc formatting fixes for
+	  ASN1::ObjectId with patch from @vbatts [Fixes GH-834]
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c: ditto.
+
+Sat Feb 21 19:51:49 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (match_aref): RMatch::regexp is Qnil after matching by a
+	  string since r45451.  [ruby-core:68209] [Bug #10877]
+
+Sat Feb 21 16:18:42 2015  Stefan Schuler  <mail@stefanschuessler.de>
+
+	* compar.c (Init_Comparable): [DOC] Replace camelcase variable name.
+	  [Fix GH-833]
+
+Fri Feb 20 17:27:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_identical_p): fix handle leak, ensure to close
+	  the handle of the first argument.
+
+Fri Feb 20 17:19:23 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (different_device_p): compare by volume serial
+	  numbers, not by path names.  [ruby-core:68162] [Bug #10865]
+
+Thu Feb 19 01:58:10 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/file.c (rb_file_expand_path_internal): neither the drive
+	  of base directory nor the current drive are involved in the
+	  result if different than the drive of path.
+	  [ruby-core:68130] [Bug #10858]
+
+Wed Feb 18 10:48:56 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (wrename): return EXDEV if moving a directory to
+	  another drive, since MoveFileExW does not set proper error code.
+	  [ruby-core:68162] [Bug #10865]
+
+Wed Feb 18 03:13:52 2015  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: bump psych version.
+	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: ditto
+	* ext/psych/yaml/scanner.c: add latest libyaml change.
+	* test/psych/helper.rb: support newer minitest
+	* test/psych/test_to_yaml_properties.rb: ditto
+
+Tue Feb 17 11:47:17 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Resource#==, #hash): elements
+	  returned by Kernel#instance_variables are Symbols now.
+	  [ruby-core:68128] [Bug #10857]
+
+Tue Feb 17 10:59:10 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/syntax/calling_methods.rdoc: Fix documentation for "calling_methods"
+	  Patch by @sos4nt [fix GH-830][ci skip]
+
+Tue Feb 17 10:53:29 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/file.c (rb_file_expand_path_internal): do not make invalid
+	  (or ADS) path if the path has a drive letter, the result also
+	  should have be under it.  [ruby-core:68130] [Bug #10858]
+
+Tue Feb 17 10:47:20 2015  Iain Beeston  <iain.beeston@gmail.com>
+
+	* hash.c: Added docs to explain that #include? and #member? do not
+	  check member equality
+	* lib/set.rb: ditto
+
+Mon Feb 16 20:58:49 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (compile_massign): optimization for special case,
+	  assignments by aset or attrset.
+	  http://kokizzu.blogspot.jp/2015/02/c-java-hhvm-ruby-nodejsrhinojscspidermo.html
+	  http://www.atdot.net/~ko1/diary/201502.html#d16
+
+Sun Feb 15 10:41:23 2015  Sho Hashimoto  <sho-h@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/standard_library.rdoc: [DOC] delete removed libraries.
+	  [misc #10843] [ci skip]
+
+Sat Feb 14 12:20:01 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* random.c (rand_random_number): add a method to return a random
+	  number like SecureRandom to Random::Formatter.
+
+	* lib/securerandom.rb (random_bytes): move to Random::Formatter,
+	  the base method of the module.
+
+Sat Feb 14 12:01:32 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* random.c (random_raw_seed): extract platform dependent random
+	  seed initialization function as a new method Random.raw_seed.
+
+	* lib/securerandom.rb (SecureRandom): use Random.raw_seed.
+
+Sat Feb 14 00:49:37 2015  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/coverage/coverage.c: Add Coverage.peek_result.  Allows you to
+	  capture coverage information without stopping the coverage tool.
+	  [ruby-core:67940] [Feature #10816]
+
+	* test/coverage/test_coverage.rb: test for change.
+
+Fri Feb 13 21:52:05 2015  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_discard): does not free for STR_NOFREE string.
+	  [Bug #10853][ruby-core:68110]
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_string.rb: test for above.
+
+Fri Feb 13 21:16:00 2015  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* lib/base64.rb: make urlsafe mode user-friendly.
+
+	* lib/base64.rb (Base64.urlsafe_encode64): a new option "padding" to
+	  suppress the padding character ("=").
+
+	* lib/base64.rb (Base64.urlsafe_decode64): now it accepts not only
+	  correctly-padded input but also unpadded input.
+	  [Feature #10740][ruby-core:67570]
+
+	* test/base64/test_base64.rb: Test for above
+
+Fri Feb 13 14:19:06 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/json: merge upstream from flori/json
+	  change usage of TypedData. [Feature #10739][ruby-core:67564]
+
+Thu Feb 12 18:34:01 2015  multisnow  <infinity.blick.winkel@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: check RAND_edg to support libressl.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c (ossl_rand_egd): define only if RAND_edg
+	  is available.  [Fix GH-829]
+
+Thu Feb 12 10:46:14 2015  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* proc.c (proc_call):  Improve Proc#call documentation.  Patch by
+	  Hsing-Hui Hsu.  [fix GH-761]
+
+Thu Feb 12 04:33:02 2015  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* compar.c (cmp_equal): no more error hiding for Comparable#==.
+	  It now behaves as other Comparable methods. See #7688.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_comparable.rb: update related test.
+
+Thu Feb 12 03:28:05 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* lib/set.rb (initialize): internal hash defaults to false
+
+	* lib/set.rb (include?): use Hash#[] for optimized dispatch.
+	  Patch by Ismael Abreu <ismaelga@gmail.com>
+	  [ruby-core:67664] [Misc #10754]
+
+Wed Feb 11 11:09:52 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/digest/digest_conf.rb (digest_conf): check for CommonDigest.
+
+	* ext/digest/*/*cc.h: for Apple CommonCrypto/CommonDigest.h.
+
+	* ext/digest/digest.h (DEFINE_FINISH_FUNC_FROM_FINAL): macro for
+	  finish functions, by inverting arguments order.
+
+	* ext/digest/digest_conf.rb (digest_conf): extract common
+	  configurations.
+
+Wed Feb 11 11:01:33 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json/generator/generator.c (generate_json): get rid of
+	  unnecessary recursive calls which can cause infinite recursion.
+	  T_STRING may not have rb_cString.
+
+Wed Feb 11 07:53:35 2015  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_word.rb: use skip method to skip test.
+
+Tue Feb 10 11:38:28 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): stop method search when a method
+	  is not found in a refinement, to support undef in refinements.
+	  [ruby-core:66741] [Bug #10578]
+
+Tue Feb 10 11:19:11 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (chdir, delete, gettextfile, mdtm, mkdir, nlst,
+	  putbinaryfile, puttextfile, rename, rmdir, size): support
+	  Pathname. Patch by Joe Rafaniello. [fix GH-828]
+
+Mon Feb  9 16:36:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/make-snapshot (package): get rid of loading unbundled and
+	  unexpected libraries.  [ruby-core:67977] [Bug #10822]
+
+Sun Feb  8 20:09:37 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/net/http/header.rb: pass header names as symbols.
+	  Patch by @DamirSvrtan [fix GH-805]
+	* test/net/http/test_httpheader.rb: added test.
+
+Sun Feb  8 13:04:25 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/getaddrinfo.c (get_addr): reject too long hostname to
+	  get rid of GHOST vulnerability on very old platforms.
+
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (make_hostent_internal): ditto, paranoic
+	  check for the canonical name.
+
+Sun Feb  8 12:48:38 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/win32/lib/win32/registry.rb (Win32::Registry::API): use wide
+	  versions of RegDeleteValue and RegDeleteKey.
+	  [ruby-core:67958] [Bug #10820]
+
+Sat Feb  7 22:13:08 2015  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_record.rb: remove test using .NET
+	  Framework 3.5 because it is not included in Windows 8/8.1.
+
+Sat Feb  7 19:25:25 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (has_magic): always get long path name on Windows even if
+	  no tilde is there.  [ruby-core:68011] [Bug #10819]
+
+	* dir.c (replace_real_basename): FindFirstFile ignore redirection
+	  character, check if exists before call it.  cf. [Bug #8597]
+
+Sat Feb  7 13:30:11 2015  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_record.rb
+	  (test_ole_instance_variable_get): correct VT_RECORD type and
+	  instance variables.
+
+Fri Feb  6 17:47:05 2015  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: register nodes when
+	  dumping objects with custom coders. [ruby-core:66215] [Bug #10496]
+
+	* test/psych/test_coder.rb: test for fix
+
+Fri Feb  6 16:58:31 2015  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: fix support for regular
+	  expressions with newlines. tenderlove/psych#222
+
+	* test/psych/test_yaml.rb: test for change.
+
+Fri Feb  6 10:31:50 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_call_info_kw_arg_struct): make keywords a symbols
+	  list to get rid of inadvertent creation by variable keyword
+	  arguments.  [ruby-core:68031] [Bug #10831]
+
+Thu Feb  5 22:42:34 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems HEAD(5c3b6f3).
+	  Fixed #1156, #1142, #1115, #1142, #1139 on rubygems/rubygems
+	* test/rubygems:  ditto.
+
+Thu Feb  5 13:41:01 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (send_internal), vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_opt_send):
+	  convert String method name into a Symbol, as method_missing
+	  method expects its first argument to be a Symbol.  [Bug #10828]
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (ci_missing_reason): return the reason of method
+	  missing in call info.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_opt_send): re-apply r49500 with the
+	  proper missing reason.  [Bug #10828]
+
+Thu Feb  5 10:31:46 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (rb_obj_singleton_methods): should use RTEST() to convert
+	  VALUE to int.
+
+Thu Feb  5 03:59:33 2015  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: Fix symbol leak with +send+ [Bug #10828]
+
+Wed Feb  4 20:26:54 2015  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (Init_win32ole): should not use atexit to
+	  free allocated hash table to avoid error on Cygwin.
+
+Wed Feb  4 15:34:25 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (method_entry_i, class_instance_method_list,
+	  rb_obj_singleton_methods): should not include methods of
+	  superclasses if recur is false. [ruby-dev:48854] [Bug #10826]
+
+Wed Feb  4 16:32:40 2015  Matt Hoyle  <matt@deployable.co>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (VpSetPTR): fix a typo, 'expoennt'
+	  to 'exponent'.  [ruby-core:67980] [Bug #10823] [Fix GH-825]
+
+Wed Feb  4 15:55:38 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/sdbm/_sdbm.c: include ruby/ruby.h for PRIdPTRDIFF when a
+	  macro `DEBUG` is defined.  based on the patch by Owen Rodley in
+	  [ruby-core:67987]. [Bug #10825]
+
+Wed Feb  4 11:12:43 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (probes.stamp): rebuild dtrace dependent objects
+	  only when `dtrace -G` modifies its input files.
+
+Tue Feb  3 19:27:16 2015  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* common.mk (ruby-glommed.o): dependency on $(OBJ) should be written
+	  in common.mk (in which OBJ is defined) because of Makefile include
+	  and parse order. This partly reverts r49419.
+	  [ruby-dev:48849] [Bug #10808]
+
+	* Makefile.in (ruby-glommed.o): ditto.
+
+	* Makefile.in (ruby-glommed.o): remove excess $(DTRACE_OBJ) because
+	  it is included in $(OBJS) since r49451.
+
+	* Makefile.in (probes.o): should depend on $(DTRACE_DEPENDENT_OBJS)
+
+Tue Feb  3 17:15:45 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (try_cppflags, try_cflags, try_ldflags): get rid of
+	  interference by modifying global variables in have_devel? method.
+	  [ruby-core:67962] [Bug #10821]
+
+Tue Feb  3 15:23:58 2015  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (remove_method): When remove refined
+	  method, raise a NameError if the method is not
+	  defined in refined class.
+
+	  But if the method is defined in refined class,
+	  it should keep refined method and remove original
+	  method.
+
+	  Patch by Seiei Higa. [ruby-core:67722] [Bug #10765]
+
+Tue Feb  3 14:04:47 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (glob_helper): obtain real name with FindFirstFile API
+	  instead of matching all entries, on Windows.
+	  [ruby-core:67954] [Bug #10819]
+
+Tue Feb  3 12:26:35 2015  Katsuhiko Nishimra  <ktns.87@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (configuration): set the default cxxflags, which is
+	  referred from the default CXXFLAGS, for extension libraries.
+	  [Fix GH-823]
+
+Tue Feb  3 05:52:00 2015  Aman Gupta <ruby@tmm1.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace_free): cause rb_bug if lazy sweep is in progress
+	  during rb_objspace_free. Adds extra protection for r46340.
+	  Patch by Vicent Marti. [Bug #10768] [ruby-core:67734]
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace_call_finalizer): Ensure GC is completed after
+	  finalizers have run. We already call gc_rest() before invoking
+	  finalizers, but finalizer can allocate new objects and start new GC
+	  cycle, so we call gc_rest() again after finalizers are complete.
+
+Mon Feb  2 10:51:34 2015  Ari Pollak  <ajp@aripollak.com>
+
+	* doc/security.rdoc (Symbols): update about Symbol GC.  Symbols
+	  explicitly converted from Strings now can be collected, but
+	  reflection/metaprogramming still can cause memory flooding.
+	  [Fix GH-725]
+
+Sun Feb  1 13:46:52 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb (bin-comm): drop batch file installation.
+	  Windows 95 support has not been supported already.
+	  [Feature #10806]
+
+Sat Jan 31 12:06:23 2015  Scott Francis  <scott.francis@shopify.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (reserve_stack): fix intermittent SIGBUS on
+	  Linux, by reserving the stack virtual address space at process
+	  start up so that it will not clash with the heap space.
+	  [Fix GH-822]
+
+Fri Jan 30 17:28:29 2015  Kazuki Tanaka  <gogotanaka@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* math.c (num2dbl_with_to_f): make faster when Bignum passed by
+	  direct conversion using rb_big2dbl().  [Feature #10800]
+
+Thu Jan 29 23:30:00 2015  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (rb_rational_num): add fallback function
+	  for rubies lower than 2.2.0.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (rb_rational_den): ditto.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/extconf.rb: check the existences of struct RRational,
+	  rb_rational_num, and rb_rational_den.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.bundle: bump version.
+
+Thu Jan 29 20:28:25 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* tool/make-snapshot: removed md5 digest with package information
+
+Thu Jan 29 10:41:52 2015  Kazuki Tanaka  <gogotanaka@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* math.c (Get_Double): direct casting from Fixnum to double.
+	  [Feature #10785]
+
+Thu Jan 29 02:34:27 2015  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: fix parsing hashes with
+	  instance variables when it is referenced multiple times.
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: bump version
+	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: bump version
+	* test/psych/test_hash.rb: test for fix
+
+Thu Jan 29 02:06:09 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* thread.c (struct join_arg): restructure and make smaller
+	  (thread_join_sleep): avoid timeofday() call if forever
+	  (thread_join): pass join_arg.delay directly
+	  (rb_thread_inspect_msg): remove, inline into rb_thread_inspect
+	  (rb_thread_inspect): reduce branching and string creation
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_set_thread_name): create string directly
+	  to avoid reparsing. [Misc #10723]
+
+Wed Jan 28 21:32:24 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c: Improve documentation for Thread#value
+	  [Bug #10694][ruby-core:67324][ci skip]
+
+Tue Jan 27 16:04:19 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: added `!` command.
+
+Tue Jan 27 15:58:23 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: added history feature for platforms which
+	  lack readline.
+
+Mon Jan 26 22:09:35 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* .gitignore: ignored temporary file with git.
+
+Mon Jan 26 18:06:03 2015  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-electric.el: Import version 2.2.2 from
+	  https://github.com/knu/ruby-electric.el.
+
+Mon Jan 26 11:37:49 2015  Dave Stevens  <dave@crowdlab.com>
+
+	* string.c (str_make_independent_expand): terminate String when
+	  moved from heap to embedded.  [Fix GH-821].
+
+Sun Jan 25 12:04:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (flatten): no need to call to_ary method on elements
+	  beyond the given level.  [ruby-core:67637] [Bug #10748]
+
+Sun Jan 25 00:42:24 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/win32/libffi.mk.tmpl: assemble without directory prefix.
+	  workaround of a bug of VC12 ml, by unak at [ruby-core:67792].
+	  [ruby-core:67789] [Bug #10780]
+
+Sat Jan 24 19:56:25 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dln_find.c (dln_find_1): search regular files only.  based on
+	  the patch by Alex Coomans in [ruby-core:67766].  [Bug #10776]
+
+Fri Jan 23 23:57:05 2015  Misumi Rize  <r@ayase-e.li>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_throw_start): search the target to break
+	  from a block with nested rescue, from the nested blocks.
+	  [ruby-core:67765] [Bug #10775] [Fix GH-820]
+
+Fri Jan 23 20:00:59 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (w_object, marshal_dump): use identity tables for
+	  arbitrary VALUE keys, because of performance of FLONUM.
+	  [Bug #10761]
+
+	* marshal.c (obj_alloc_by_klass, marshal_load): ditto.
+
+Fri Jan 23 17:12:33 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_marshal_dump_flo.rb: new benchmark for [Bug #10761]
+
+Thu Jan 22 18:03:19 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb (find_svn_log): use double quotes instead
+	  of single quotes because cmd.exe doesn't handle them.
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb (done): the 2nd element of matched data
+	  is the offset of the end of matched string, not length.
+
+Thu Jan 22 16:45:24 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* st.c (st_numhash): mix float value for flonum
+	* hash.c (rb_any_hash): ditto
+	* benchmark/bm_hash_aref_flo.rb: new benchmark
+	* benchmark/bm_hash_ident_flo.rb: ditto
+	  [Bug #10761]
+
+Wed Jan 21 22:33:51 2015  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-electric.el: Import version 2.2.1 from
+	  https://github.com/knu/ruby-electric.el.  Improve compatibility
+	  with and optimize for Emacs 24.4.
+
+Wed Jan 21 09:40:52 2015  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* file.c: Document other cases of missing birthtime on OS with patch
+	  provided by @sho-h similar to GH-817. [ci skip] [DOC]
+
+Wed Jan 21 09:09:19 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* NEWS: References to tickets added.
+	  [ruby-core:67701] [Bug #10760] Suggested by Zachary Scott.
+
+Tue Jan 20 22:59:54 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* tool/vcs.rb: fix the exception given remote-url of svn.
+
+Tue Jan 20 12:58:33 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: now can change the page of `ls`.
+
+Tue Jan 20 12:28:37 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb (readline): fallback to normal gets on
+	  Windows because IO.console.getch is not always do as expected.
+
+Tue Jan 20 11:31:07 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: update usage.
+
+Tue Jan 20 11:23:47 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb (mygets): to support Backspace
+	  implement gets by itself.
+
+Tue Jan 20 02:54:11 2015  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
+
+	* file.c: NotImplementedError is raised if birthtime is unavailable.
+	  Patch by @y-yagi san and [Fixes GH-817] [ci skip] [DOC]
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c: ditto.
+
+Mon Jan 19 22:08:26 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (include_modules_at): allow to prepend each module up to
+	  once for each classe.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
+
+Sun Jan 18 18:32:20 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* math.c (math_atan2): revive documentation before r49220.
+	  http://d.hatena.ne.jp/nagachika/20150112/ruby_trunk_changes_49213_49226
+
+Sun Jan 18 15:57:32 2015  Seiei Higa  <hanachin@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_method.c (check_definition): Module#public_method_defined?,
+	  Module#private_method_defined?, Module#protected_method_defined?
+	  should not use refinements. [ruby-core:67656] [Bug #10753]
+
+Sun Jan 18 15:50:39 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): check by configured result instead
+	  of system name for old FreeBSD.  based on a patch by Steve Wills
+	  at [ruby-core:67655].  [Bug #10752]
+
+Sun Jan 18 12:56:49 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (VPATH, NEWLINE_C), common.mk (common-srcs): make
+	  and use newline.c under enc/trans directory, not toplevel.  no
+	  longer search enc directory implicitly.
+
+	* configure.in, enc/Makefile.in (BUILTIN_ENCS, BUILTIN_TRANSES):
+	  prefix respective directory names to builtin encodings and
+	  transcoder source names.
+
+Sun Jan 18 11:49:46 2015  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_invoke): avoid SEGV when VT_RECORD
+	  variable is passed by reference. [ruby-dev:48803] [Bug #10697]
+
+Sat Jan 17 23:59:15 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb (visit_String):
+	  anchors like `\Z` are not valid inside character class.  use
+	  negative-lookahead instead.
+	  Fixes: https://github.com/tenderlove/psych/issues/221
+
+Sat Jan 17 23:42:27 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: get rid of pattern substitution, which is not
+	  supported by ash, and ash on NetBSD parses whole source first
+	  and fails to start.  [ruby-dev:48823] [Bug #10750]
+
+Fri Jan 16 18:42:58 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: support adding related revisions
+	  to issues.
+
+Fri Jan 16 17:20:33 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	vm.c, vm_core.h: constify VM_CF_LEP, VM_CF_PREV_EP, VM_CF_BLOCK_PTR
+	and rb_vm_control_frame_block_ptr.
+
+Fri Jan 16 15:41:21 2015  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: bump version
+
+	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: ditto
+
+Fri Jan 16 15:37:49 2015  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: only dump hash
+	  subclasses. Thanks Joe Eli McIlvain <joe.eli.mac@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/psych/test_hash.rb: test for change
+
+Fri Jan 16 15:35:21 2015  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: bump version
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: fix line width wrapping
+	  for long strings.  Thanks Jakub Jirutka <jakub@jirutka.cz>
+
+	* test/psych/test_string.rb: test for change
+
+Fri Jan 16 11:44:44 2015  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* eval_intern.h, vm.c, vm_eval.c, vm_insnhelper.c:
+	  change throw mechanism (not save target ep, but save target cfp).
+	  It fixes `unexpected break' bug that occurs when
+	  TracePoint#binding is called.
+	  [ruby-dev:48797] [Bug #10689]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test.
+
+Thu Jan 15 23:55:15 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_close_m): Don't raise when the IO object is closed.
+	  [ruby-core:67444] [Feature #10718]
+
+Thu Jan 15 21:34:57 2015  Seiei Higa  <hanachin@gmail.com>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_obj_singleton_method): Kernel#singleton_method should
+	  not use refinements, as well as Kernel#method.
+	  [ruby-core:67603] [Bug #10744]
+
+Thu Jan 15 10:45:04 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_select_bang, ary_reject_bang): linear
+	  performance.  [ruby-core:67418] [Feature #10714]
+
+Wed Jan 14 18:06:06 2015  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/uri/mailto.rb: raising URI::InvalidComponentError instead
+	  of failing with undefined method `split' for nil:NilClass for
+	  mailto: URIs without opaque part. [Bug #10738]
+	* test/uri/testuri.rb: Test for above
+
+Wed Jan 14 16:45:24 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb (RubyGems.download): verify downloaded gem
+	  packages.  LowSecurity to allow untrusted certificates now.
+
+Wed Jan 14 15:43:48 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_s_refresh_line): initialize
+	  before rl_refresh_line(), as some function make the internal
+	  state non-clean but rl_refresh_line() does not re-initialize it.
+	  [ruby-core:43957] [Bug #6232]
+
+Tue Jan 13 21:59:24 2015  Michal Papis  <mpapis@gmail.com>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb (gem): fix changing permissions of installed
+	  bundled gems.  [Fix GH-812]
+
+Tue Jan 13 21:57:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (distclean-local): remove autom4te.cache generated by
+	  autoconf.
+
+	* common.mk (realclean-local): remove id sources and dummy header
+	  for dtrace.  [ruby-core:67562] [Bug #10737]
+
+Tue Jan 13 21:08:22 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/json, test/json: merge JSON HEAD(259dee6)
+	  separate implementation of Typed_Data macro.
+	  https://github.com/flori/json/compare/v1.8.1...v1.8.2
+
+Tue Jan 13 14:16:35 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/net/http/test_http.rb: get rid of accessing DNS actually
+	  for some servers returning wrong results.
+	  [ruby-core:67454] [Bug #10721]
+
+Mon Jan 12 23:21:57 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: update test-unit to 3.0.9.
+
+Mon Jan 12 18:35:44 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (bit_coerce): use original value for error message
+	  [ruby-core:67405] [Bug #10711]
+	* test/ruby/test_numeric.rb (test_coerce): check error message
+
+Mon Jan 12 18:01:24 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/text.rb (expand_tabs): get rid of infinite loop with
+	  CR.  should check if substitution occurred too.
+	  [ruby-dev:48813] [Bug #10732]
+
+Mon Jan 12 16:45:46 2015  Seiei Higa  <hanachin@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_alias): raise a NameError when creating alias to
+	  a refined method if the original method of the refined method is
+	  not defined.  [ruby-core:67523] [Bug #10731]
+
+Mon Jan 12 13:53:17 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* math.c (math_atan2): improve documentation.
+	  [Feature #10323][ruby-core:65400][ci skip]
+
+Mon Jan 12 13:50:49 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c: fixes documentation like labeled lists,
+	  code examples etc. [ruby-core:66730][Bug #10576][ci skip]
+
+Mon Jan 12 13:36:44 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb: improvements for OptionParser documentation.
+	  [misc #10608][ruby-core:66901][ci skip]
+
+Mon Jan 12 13:33:52 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_each): documented return value.
+	  [misc #10469][ruby-core:66063]
+
+Sun Jan 11 15:11:38 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/webrick/test_utils.rb (test_create_listeners): use
+	  dynamically chosen port number, not hardcoded port number.
+	  [ruby-core:67508]
+
+Sat Jan 10 12:57:12 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c: fix document of method signatures.
+	  [Bug #10668][ruby-core:67186][ci skip]
+
+Sat Jan 10 12:32:44 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval_error.c (error_print): pos and len parameters of rb_str_substr()
+	  are counted by characters, not bytes.  use rb_str_subseq() instead.
+	  [Bug #10727] [ruby-core:67473]
+
+Sat Jan 10 10:58:55 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* complex.c: removed commented-out code.
+
+Sat Jan 10 10:57:19 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* rational.c: removed commented-out code.
+	  [Feature #10376][ruby-core:65643]
+
+Sat Jan 10 10:12:15 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_select_bang): keep the array consistent by
+	  removing unselected values soon.  [ruby-dev:48805] [Bug #10722]
+
+Fri Jan  9 23:20:04 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems HEAD(e53c54a).
+	* test/rubygems:  ditto.
+
+Fri Jan  9 11:13:01 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (assocs, assoc): eliminate splatting empty literal
+	  hashes.  [ruby-core:67446] [Bug #10719]
+
+	* compile.c (compile_array_): support splatted hash in hash type.
+
+Fri Jan  9 10:57:09 2015  Vit Ondruch  <vondruch@redhat.com>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_SETJMP_TYPE): Remove superfluous semicolon
+	  which causes a syntax error with autoconf 2.63.
+	  [ruby-core:67429] [Bug #10716]
+
+Fri Jan  9 07:23:32 2015  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: correctly quote non-ascii
+	  letters. Thanks @jirutka for the patch.
+
+	* test/psych/test_string.rb: test for change
+
+Fri Jan  9 07:13:55 2015  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: call `allocate` on hash
+	  subclasses.  Fixes github.com/tenderlove/psych/issues/196
+
+	* test/psych/test_hash.rb: test for change
+
+Fri Jan  9 06:58:43 2015  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: revive hashes with ivars
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: dump hashes with ivars.
+	  Fixes github.com/psych/issues/43
+
+	* test/psych/test_hash.rb: test for change
+
+Thu Jan  8 17:05:00 2015  Seiei Higa  <hanachin@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry): if no super class, no original
+	  method entry.  [ruby-core:67389] [Bug #10707]
+
+Thu Jan  8 16:31:43 2015  Seiei Higa  <hanachin@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_export_method): bail out if the original method
+	  is undefined when the method is refined.
+	  [ruby-core:67387] [Bug #10706]
+
+Thu Jan  8 12:53:44 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (glob_helper): match in case-folding only if the directory
+	  resides on a case-insensitive file system, on OSX.
+	  [ruby-core:67364] [Bug #10700]
+
+Thu Jan  8 11:39:18 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* .travis.yml: Remove redundant configuration option.
+	  [fix GH-809] Patch by @gxworld
+
+Thu Jan  8 07:17:14 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb: consider ENETUNREACH as ResolvTimeout
+	  [ruby-core:67411] [Bug #10712]
+
+Thu Jan  8 00:13:52 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/open3.rb: Open3 properly passes non-keyword hash args to spawn.
+	  Fixed by Josh Cheek.  [Fix GH-808]
+	  Related to [ruby-core:67347] [Bug #10699]
+
+Wed Jan  7 19:19:26 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (dir_initialize): workaround of opendir failure at symlink
+	  directories on Windows via CIFS.
+
+Wed Jan  7 18:52:50 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (need_normalization): not only HFS+, CIFS (SMB) is also
+	  decomposed.  [Bug #10704]
+
+	* dir.c (NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH): Unicode decomposition seems to
+	  perform in an upper layer than file systems on OSX, as all path
+	  names are always decomposed regardless of file system types.
+
+Tue Jan  6 21:41:04 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* time.c (timelocalw): Set tm_isdst field -1 if vtm->isdst is
+	  VTM_ISDST_INITVAL.  This bug is introduced at packing struct
+	  vtm (r45155).
+	  [ruby-core:67345] [Bug #10698] Reported by Boris Ruf.
+
+Tue Jan  6 03:10:54 2015  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/fiddle/test_handle.rb: fix syntax.
+
+Tue Jan  6 00:16:10 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/fiddle/test_handle.rb (test_NEXT): use -test-/dln/empty
+	  which is always a shared object and is not used by others.
+	  [ruby-dev:48629] [Bug #10384]
+
+Mon Jan  5 14:58:01 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: added timeout for AIX environment.
+	  [ruby-core:62983][Bug #9917]
+
+Sun Jan  4 22:33:33 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit.rb (ExcludesOption): add "excludes" support
+	  to test suite, for alternative implementations and platforms.
+	  [Feature #10682]
+
+Sun Jan  4 22:32:42 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit): reorder modules and merge
+	  each modules.
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit): split the large class into
+	  each modules.
+
+Sun Jan  4 21:32:52 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (f_label): return tLABEL value as it is.
+	  [ruby-core:67315] [Bug #10693]
+
+Sun Jan  4 14:02:37 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit/parallel.rb (run): expand the file name to be
+	  loaded, so that relative paths work in parallel mode.
+
+Sun Jan  4 13:36:56 2015  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/test_tempfile.rb: use assert_file for more descriptive message.
+	  following r49131.
+
+Sun Jan  4 13:05:09 2015  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c: improve docs for String#<=>. [ruby-core:65399][Feature #10322]
+	  Patch by gogo tanaka.
+
+Sun Jan  4 12:42:24 2015  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c: improve docs for Array#reject. [ruby-core:65324][misc #10307]
+	  Patched by Nebu Pookins.
+
+Sun Jan  4 12:24:11 2015  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c: improve docs for String#strip and variations.
+	  [ruby-core:66081][Bug #10476]
+
+Sun Jan  4 09:21:04 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/drb/drb.rb: removed unused argument. Patch by @vipulnsward
+	  [fix GH-515]
+
+Sun Jan  4 09:18:31 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/tempfile.rb: provide default basename parameter.
+	  [fix GH-523] Patch by @dissolved
+	* test/test_tempfile.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Jan  4 00:43:41 2015  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
+
+	* README.ja.md: add guidance of mailing list and bugs.r-l.o.
+
+Sat Jan  3 23:56:28 2015  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
+
+	* hash.c: fix docs for Hash#invert. [ruby-core:66917] [Bug #10612]
+
+Sat Jan  3 19:52:12 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_str_new_literal): define on all
+	  platforms, not only gcc.
+
+Sat Jan  3 18:53:28 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/cparser.rb (parse_ctype): limit split word
+	  number as the rest are not used.
+
+Sat Jan  3 18:19:50 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/cparser.rb: r49110 broke Fiddle::Import with
+	  type_alias.
+	* test/fiddle/test_cparser.rb: added type_alias test for parse_ctype
+	  and parse_struct_signature.
+
+Sat Jan  3 11:50:16 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.h: avoid to build failure of Windows environment.
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c: ditto.
+
+Sat Jan  3 11:27:46 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c: Improve performance of Array#shift. use shared instead of
+	  MEMMOVE if with arguments. Patch by @ksss [fix GH-537]
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb: ditto.
+	* benchmark/bm_array_shift.rb: Added benchmark of GH-537 issue.
+
+Sat Jan  3 10:38:52 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb: More descriptive error message when net/http fails
+	  to connect to a server. Patch by @xaviershay [fix GH-700]
+	* test/net/http/test_http.rb: ditto.
+
+Sat Jan  3 10:14:51 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.h: Make `SSL_SESSION_cmp` use `CRYPTO_memcmp`
+	  [fix GH-591] Patch by @PiPeep
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c: ditto.
+
+Sat Jan  3 09:54:32 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/cparser.rb: Support for Fiddle::CParser
+	  to handle rich signatures including parameter names and function
+	  pointer types. Patch by @theryan [fix GH-590]
+	* test/fiddle/test_cparser.rb: ditto.
+
+Sat Jan  3 09:01:43 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* NEWS: added compatibility entry of r49101.
+
+Fri Jan  2 21:06:59 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP#send_request): there is no response body
+	  with HEAD request. Patch by @rodrigosaito [fix GH-520]
+
+Fri Jan  2 21:04:36 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/net/http/test_http.rb (_test_send_request__HEAD): Added
+	  failing test for send_request with HEAD method.
+
+Fri Jan  2 18:41:20 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_init): Print ruby_setup() error only in debug mode.
+	  Unsuppressable error message is not a good idea.
+	  Note that the message is printed sometimes with following
+	  code (highly timing dependent, though):
+	  pid = spawn("ruby -e ''"); Process.kill(:TERM, pid)
+
+Fri Jan  2 16:18:44 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: Refactor invalid testcase.
+	  [fix GH-472][ruby-core:59035][Bug #9240]
+
+Fri Jan  2 15:53:00 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/webrick/utils.rb: removed unused argument variable.
+	  [fix GH-356] Patch by @vipulnsward
+	* lib/webrick/server.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/ssl.rb: ditto.
+	* test/webrick/test_utils.rb: added test for WEBrick::Utils#create_listeners.
+
+Fri Jan  2 15:35:53 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/securerandom.rb: improve syntax and grammar of documentation.
+	  [fix GH-796][ci skip] Patch by @Erol
+
+Fri Jan  2 15:10:01 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb (OpenSSL#test_ctx_client_session_cb):
+	  fix test failure with OpenSSL disabled SSLv3 protocol.
+	  [ruby-core:63772] [Bug #10046]
+
+Fri Jan  2 09:08:31 2015  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Label::Str#==): Check class equality.
+	  (Resolv::DNS::Name#initialize): Normalize labels as
+	  Resolv::DNS::Label::Str objects.
+
+Thu Jan  1 21:41:49 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/regexp.rdoc: fix regexp docs for whitespace character.
+	  [ruby-dev:48765] [Bug #10624]
+
+Thu Jan  1 17:50:52 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb: try locale encoding name.
+	  [ruby-core:67109] [Bug #10643]
+
+Thu Jan  1 11:07:12 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* symbol.c (rb_gc_free_dsymbol): delete from global fstr hash
+	* test/ruby/test_symbol.rb (test_symbol_fstr_leak): test for bug
+	  [ruby-core:67268] [Bug #10686]
+
+Thu Jan  1 09:14:21 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_args.c (keyword_hash_p): fix non-symbol keys hash.
+	  rb_extract_keywords() returns 0 not Qnil when no symbol keys is
+	  included.  [ruby-core:67264] [Bug #10685]
+
+Wed Dec 31 17:48:43 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Label::Str#initialize): Set encoding
+	  ASCII-8BIT before downcase.  case insensitivity of DNS labels doesn't
+	  apply non-ASCII characters.  [RFC 4343]
+
+Wed Dec 31 16:48:44 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (gettable_gen): disable warnings of possible reference
+	  to a local variable defined in a past scope.
+	  [ruby-core:67162] [Bug #10661]
+
+Wed Dec 31 13:43:48 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Name#==): Compare an array of Label:Str
+	  objects.  Label#Str#== is case-insensitive.
+
+Tue Dec 30 16:16:12 2014  Ben Miller  <bmiller@rackspace.com>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Name#==): DNS is case-insensitive, so the
+	  comparison should be case-insensitive as well.
+	  [ruby-core:66498] [Bug #10550]
+
+Tue Dec 30 16:03:45 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Name): names with different dots
+	  should be different.
+
+Tue Dec 30 13:16:56 2014  Martin Duerst  <bernhard+git@lsmod.de>
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb: Initialize HTML5ASCIIINCOMPAT to empty Array
+	  to avoid error during bootstrap when encodings are not yet defined.
+	  [Bug #10678]
+
+Tue Dec 30 09:29:26 2014  Bernhard M. Wiedemann  <bernhard+git@lsmod.de>
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c (Init_dbm): [DOC] as UNIX permissions are octal
+	  numbers, needs to be prefixed by 0.  [Fix GH-800]
+
+Tue Dec 30 08:57:39 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize.rb: typo fix. [ci skip]
+	  [ruby-dev:48794][misc #10675]
+
+Mon Dec 29 19:38:01 2014  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* version.h (RUBY_VERSION): 2.3.0 development has started.
+
+Mon Dec 29 18:58:46 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (unescape_nonascii): append escape sequence as-is not
+	  unescaped character, to get rid of unexpected meta-character.
+	  [ruby-core:67193] [Bug #10670]
+
+Mon Dec 29 14:27:33 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/syntax/literals.rdoc (Symbols): now Symbols created by
+	  interpolation can be garbage collected.  patch by Yihang Ho in
+	  [ruby-core:67194].  [Bug #10671]
+
+Mon Dec 29 11:18:17 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_variable_get): fix dynamic symbol keys.
+	  rb_check_id() returns non-zero only for static symbols, whereas
+	  thread local variable keys can be dynamic symbols.
+	  [ruby-core:67185] [Bug #10667]
+
+Mon Dec 29 10:37:27 2014  Thiago Lewin  <thiago_lewin@yahoo.com.br>
+
+	* io.c (rb_f_select): [DOC] workaround for YARD doc.  [Fix GH-799]
+
+	* process.c (proc_detach): [DOC] fix missing closing parenthesis.
+	  [Fix GH-799]
+
+Mon Dec 29 07:27:23 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/json, test/json: merge JSON HEAD(17fe8e7)
+	  https://github.com/flori/json/compare/v1.8.1...17fe8e7
+
+Sun Dec 28 23:49:37 2014  Michal Papis  <mpapis@gmail.com>
+
+	* rbinstall.rb: fix target location for installing bundled gems.
+	  install to the prepared directory instead of default Gem.dir,
+	  not to be affected GEM_HOME environment variable.  [Fix GH-798]
+
+Sun Dec 28 18:19:28 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* test/-ext-/iseq_load/test_iseq_load.rb
+	  (test_next_in_block_in_block): test using ISeq#eval
+	  (test_break_ensure): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:66988]
+
+Sun Dec 28 16:25:12 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cygwin/GNUmakefile.in (EXTOBJS): override to add resource files
+	  always.  [ruby-core:67153] [Bug #10657]
+
+Sun Dec 28 13:54:26 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (f_kwrest, new_args_tail_gen): unnamed rest keyword and
+	  keywords bits arguments should be unique.  since internal IDs
+	  depend on the local variable index in the current scope, new ID
+	  should be made before popping those vtables.
+	  [ruby-core:67157] [Bug #10659]
+
+Sat Dec 27 20:12:55 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json/generator/generator.c (JSON_Generator_State_type): add
+	  #ifdef for backward compatibility.
+
+	* ext/json/parser/parser.rl (JSON_Parser_type): ditto.
+
+	* ext/json/generator/generator.h (ZALLOC): add fallback definition.
+
+	* ext/json/parser/parser.h (ZALLOC): ditto.
+
+Sat Dec 27 16:54:05 2014  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c: Unused code removed.
+	  It seems waitpid() is universally available on POSIX platforms.
+
+Sat Dec 27 15:08:27 2014  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_living_threads_insert): preserve order
+	  [Bug #10660] [ruby-core:67154] [ruby-core:67159]
+
+Sat Dec 27 13:08:20 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c: improved document for YARD doc.
+	  [fix GH-795][ci skip] Patch by @tlewin
+
+Sat Dec 27 10:11:21 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/plotchart.rb: fix to invoke correct function
+	  of tcllib. Patch by @zalt50 [fix GH-787]
+
+Sat Dec 27 10:03:41 2014  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <shibata.hiroshi@gmail.com>
+
+	* tool/make-snapshot: show sha1 digest when making packages.
+	  it's request from https://github.com/ruby/www.ruby-lang.org/issues/921
+	  [fix GH-794]
+
+Fri Dec 26 15:32:16 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c (ip_invoke_core): remove probably duplicate
+	  dead code.
+
+Fri Dec 26 15:28:27 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c (ip_ruby_cmd_receiver_const_get): simply use
+	  rb_path2class() to get a class/module from its name.
+
+Fri Dec 26 15:20:54 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (w_long): append at once by w_nbyte() instead of
+	  appending byte by byte.
+
+Fri Dec 26 15:13:13 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json/parser/parser.rl (unescape_unicode): check if valid
+	  before bit-or assignments.
+	  reported by Denis Denisov <denji0k AT gmail.com>.
+
+	* ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c (nkf_iconv_t): fix a missing semicolon.
+	  reported by Denis Denisov <denji0k AT gmail.com>.
+
+	* process.c (rb_spawn_process): get rid of usage of uninitialized
+	  variable.
+	  reported by Denis Denisov <denji0k AT gmail.com>.
+
+	* regexec.c (match_at): ditto.
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_wc2mb_alloc, ole_vstr2wc, ole_mb2wc):
+	  ditto.
+
+	* dir.c (ruby_glob0): no need to check never-NULL pointer.
+	  reported by Denis Denisov <denji0k AT gmail.com>.
+
+	* win32/file.c (rb_file_expand_path_internal): ditto.
+
+	* win32/file.c (code_page_i): handle realloc failure.
+	  reported by Denis Denisov <denji0k AT gmail.com>.
+
+	* win32/stub.c (stub_sysinit): ditto.
+
+	* fix printf format conversion specifiers.
+	  reported by Denis Denisov <denji0k AT gmail.com>.
+
+Fri Dec 26 01:41:40 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb: skip installing bundle gems if zlib is unavailable.
+	  [Bug #10647] [ruby-dev:48787]
+
+Fri Dec 26 01:24:42 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb: support old versions of ruby.
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb: now can download gems by http if openssl is not
+	  available (this may be danger!)
+
+Fri Dec 26 00:13:48 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_extlibs.rb: check existence of extension libraries
+	  which not depend on outer libraries. (experimental)
+
+Thu Dec 25 21:58:15 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/extconf.rb: make PIC objects if it will be linked as
+	  a shared object eventually.  [ruby-core:67128]
+
+Thu Dec 25 19:01:13 2014  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/win32/libffi-3.2.1-mswin.patch: support mswin32.
+
+Thu Dec 25 17:30:40 2014  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (wmap_final_func): fix memory size shortage when realloc wmap.
+	  Fix SEGV during finalize of WeakRef on Solaris (though the SEGV
+	  could occur on all OS/platforms). [ruby-dev:48779] [Bug #10646]
+
+Thu Dec 25 17:27:06 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (NET_LUID): include winsock2.h instead of windows.h.
+	  patch by Jon Forums in [ruby-core:67125].  [Bug #10640]
+
+Thu Dec 25 16:14:10 2014  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_dev): send the given arguments
+	  to the opened console.  as a special case, do nothing if :close
+	  is given.
+
+	* test/lib/leakchecker.rb (LeakChecker#check_fd_leak): close if
+	  console.
+
+For the changes before 2.2.0, see doc/ChangeLog-2.2.0
+For the changes before 2.1.0, see doc/ChangeLog-2.1.0
+For the changes before 2.0.0, see doc/ChangeLog-2.0.0
+For the changes before 1.9.3, see doc/ChangeLog-1.9.3
+For the changes before 1.8.0, see doc/ChangeLog-1.8.0
+
+Local variables:
+coding: us-ascii
+add-log-time-format: (lambda ()
+  (let* ((time (current-time))
+	 (system-time-locale "C")
+	 (diff (+ (cadr time) 32400))
+	 (lo (% diff 65536))
+	 (hi (+ (car time) (/ diff 65536))))
+  (format-time-string "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y" (list hi lo) t)))
+indent-tabs-mode: t
+tab-width: 8
+change-log-indent-text: 2
+end:
+vim: tabstop=8 shiftwidth=2
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog-2.4.0 b/doc/ChangeLog-2.4.0
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96b5ecb077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog-2.4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,9492 @@
+Mon Nov  7 00:32:45 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb (test_tailcall_interrupted_by_sigint):
+	  ignore on Windows because we cannot handle signaled status of child
+	  ruby process on this platform.
+
+Sun Nov  6 23:36:07 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb (test_tailcall_interrupted_by_sigint):
+	  send SIGKILL if the child process doesn't die within 1 second.
+
+Sun Nov  6 21:54:28 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/vcs.rb (export_changelog): generate ChangeLog file from
+	  vcs's log. [Feature #12283]
+
+	* tool/make-snapshot (package): overwrite ChangeLog by generated
+	  ChangeLog.
+
+Sun Nov  6 21:36:33 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: Added entry for RDoc 5.
+
+Sun Nov  6 21:35:37 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: ordered entries and adjust styles.
+
+Sun Nov  6 18:23:31 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: Added entry for [Feature #12160][ruby-core:74239]
+
+Sun Nov  6 18:18:25 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: Added entry for r56624.
+
+Sun Nov  6 15:53:03 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (-Wno-maybe-uninitialized): gcc 6 also shows the same
+	  warnings as described in r49410.
+
+Sun Nov  6 14:42:50 2016  takkanm  <takkanm@gmail.com>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_include, rb_mod_prepend): check if arguments are
+	  given, as well as Kernel#extend.  [ruby-dev:49854] [Bug #12887]
+	  [Fix GH-1470]
+
+Sun Nov  6 11:59:05 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb (test_make_socket_ipv6_multicast,
+	  test_make_socket_ipv6_multicast_hops): skip if IPv6 multicast
+	  address is not available.
+
+Sun Nov  6 11:53:23 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/irb.rb (Binding#irb): new method like Binding#pry.
+
+Sun Nov  6 11:48:55 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/net/smtp/test_smtp.rb (test_tls_connect, test_tls_connect):
+	  use Socket.tcp_server_sockets in case localhost is resolved to ::1.
+
+Sun Nov  6 11:49:47 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/irb.rb (IRB::Irb#run): split from IRB.start.
+
+Sun Nov  6 11:45:11 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/e2mmap.rb (E2MM.def_exception): remove old definition if
+	  exists so that works multiple times.
+
+Sun Nov  6 10:03:00 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb (test_tailcall_interrupted_by_sigint):
+	  don't use sleep to run faster.
+
+Sun Nov  6 09:58:47 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (rb_exec_fillarg): honor the given path environment
+	  variable.  [ruby-core:53103] [Bug #8004]
+
+Sun Nov  6 01:52:31 2016  Akira Matsuda  <ronnie@dio.jp>
+
+	* lib/erb.rb: Alias regist_scanner to register_scanner
+
+Sun Nov  6 01:39:36 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (tailcallable_p): disable tail call optimization for
+	  toplevel, eval, and load to avoid SEGV when interrupted by SIGINT.
+	  [ruby-core:76327] [Bug #12576]
+
+Sun Nov  6 01:28:41 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h: rename REG_(CFP|PC|SP|EP) to VM_REG_....
+	  [Bug #12527]
+
+	* vm_exec.c: ditto.
+
+Sun Nov  6 00:25:11 2016  Sho Hashimoto  <sho.hsmt@gmail.com>
+
+	* enumerator.c (InitVM_Enumerator): Enumerator::Lazy#chunk_while
+	  defined.  [Fix GH-1186]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/1186
+
+Sun Nov  6 00:22:51 2016  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_cfunc_with_frame): pass method id to
+	  dtrace hook. follow up r56592.
+
+Sun Nov  6 00:06:38 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::LOC::Coord.create): fixed.
+	  [ruby-core:72567] [Bug #11912] fixed by Eric Wong and Kazuhiro
+	  NISHIYAMA.
+
+Sun Nov  6 00:03:09 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (-Wimplicit-fallthrough): gcc7 introduces case
+	  fall through warnings but it is too noisy.
+	  https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7652
+
+Sat Nov  5 23:58:32 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_int_round): cast to SIGNED_VALUE to suppress
+	  warnings by -Wsign-compare.
+
+Sat Nov  5 23:48:27 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_home_dir_of): convert given username into filesystem
+	  encoding. [ruby-core:76682] [Bug #12652]
+	  patched by Davis Mosans
+
+Sat Nov  5 23:46:03 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* time.c (vtm_add_offset): Fix yday on last day of year.
+	  [ruby-core:72878] [Bug #11994] Fixed by Andrew White.
+
+Sat Nov  5 23:30:41 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP.post): new convenience method to send
+	  a POST request.  [ruby-core:75484] [Feature #12375]
+
+Sat Nov  5 23:03:54 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (transport_request): other than HTTPContinue
+	  in 1xx (HTTPInformation) also needs to continue. [Bug #12890]
+
+Sat Nov  5 22:51:06 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/time.rb (make_time): "now" argument as nil works again.
+	  This is broken since Ruby 2.2.
+	  Mathieu Jobin pointed a problem.
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/e4b05d91eb0d48fd172abf015c493bb42d755d07#commitcomment-17421387
+
+Sat Nov  5 22:50:13 2016  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/ipaddr.rb (IPAddr#==): If coercion fails, return false
+	  instead of passing through the exception. [ruby-core:77451]
+	  [Bug #12799]
+
+	* lib/ipaddr.rb (IPAddr#<=>): If coercion fails, return nil
+	  instead of passing through the exception. [ruby-core:77451]
+	  [Bug #12799]
+
+Sat Nov  5 22:11:33 2016  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (tracepoint_attr_callee_id, rb_tracearg_callee_id):
+	  add TracePoint#callee_id. [ruby-core:77241] [Feature #12747]
+
+	* cont.c, eval.c, gc.c, include/ruby/intern.h, insns.def, thread.c,
+	  vm.c, vm_backtrace.c, vm_core.h, vm_eval.c, vm_insnhelper.c, vm_trace.c: ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: tests for above.
+
+Sat Nov  5 22:09:48 2016  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* eval.c, method.h, proc.c, vm.c, vm_eval.c, vm_insnhelper.c, vm_method.c:
+	  TracePoint#method_id should return method_id, not callee_id.
+	  [ruby-core:77241] [Feature #12747]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: change accordingly.
+
+Sat Nov  5 18:49:37 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_round, int_round): support round-to-nearest-even
+	  semantics of IEEE 754 to match sprintf behavior, and add `half:`
+	  optional keyword argument for the old behavior.
+	  [ruby-core:76273] [Bug #12548]
+
+Sat Nov  5 18:17:54 2016  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/set.rb (Set#compare_by_identity, Set#compare_by_identity?):
+	  New methods. [Feature #12210]
+
+Sat Nov  5 18:17:08 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/*, test/rdoc/*: Update rdoc-5.0.0
+	  Release note: https://github.com/rdoc/rdoc/blob/b825775647f62c5b525e9780a28ff2fbb1d5bf6f/History.rdoc#500--2016-11-05
+
+Sat Nov  5 17:29:06 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS#extract_resources): Use each_resource
+	  instead of each_answer.
+	  [ruby-core:75461] [Bug #12372] reported by Rafael Fernandez Lopez.
+
+Sat Nov  5 17:18:24 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/-test-/file/fs.c (get_atime_p): Updating of file access times
+	  is enabled or not.
+
+Sat Nov  5 16:28:07 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (extract_getline_opts): extract chomp option.
+	  [Feature #12553]
+
+Sat Nov  5 15:58:24 2016  Sho Hashimoto  <sho-h@netlab.jp>
+
+	* tool/mkconfig.rb: [DOC] add rbconfig documentation.
+
+Sat Nov  5 15:42:52 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/smtp.rb (tlsconnect): support timeout for TLS handshake.
+	  [ruby-core:76893] [Bug #12678]
+
+	* lib/net/protocol.rb (ssl_socket_connect): new method to implement
+	  timeout for TLS handshake.
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (connect): use Net::Protocol#ssl_socket_connect.
+
+Sat Nov  5 14:17:20 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (brace_body, do_body): since cmdarg_stack is saved in
+	  VALUE val, should restore from the same member.  on big-endian
+	  platforms where VALUE is larger than int, it restored 0 in the
+	  upper word.  [ruby-core:77920] [Bug #12900]
+
+Sat Nov  5 13:52:52 2016  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/shellwords.rb (Shellwords#shellsplit): Fix the handling of
+	  the backslash in double quotes to conform to the standard.
+	  [ruby-core:63807] [Bug #10055]
+
+Sat Nov  5 12:14:31 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (Pathname#empty?): New method.
+	  [ruby-core:76404] [Feature #12596] Proposed by John Backus.
+
+Sat Nov  5 11:53:02 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb (test_refine_alias_in_subclass):
+	  add a test to check that alias in subclasses can be refined.
+	  [ruby-core:69374] [Bug #11186]
+
+Sat Nov  5 11:20:57 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cont.c (cont_new): disable optimization if clang's version is
+	  3.8.0.  [ruby-core:77894] [Bug #12893]
+
+Sat Nov  5 10:07:18 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file.rb (TestFile#test_stat): fix noatime case.
+	  [ruby-core:77943] [Bug #12903]
+
+Fri Nov  4 17:52:44 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (heap_page_resurrect): do not return tomb_pages when
+	  page->freelist == NULL.
+	  [Bug #12670]
+
+Fri Nov  4 16:31:45 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* util.c (ruby_dtoa): round to even, instead of rounding to
+	  nearest.  [ruby-core:77864] [Bug #12889]
+
+Fri Nov  4 15:31:00 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: Add compiler version message into rbconfig
+	  as RbConfig::CONFIG['CC_VERSION_MESSAGE']. [Feature #12896]
+
+Fri Nov  4 13:03:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_int_digits): Fix exception message
+	  [ruby-core:77502] [Bug #12815]
+
+Fri Nov  4 10:51:16 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_hash): fix unnormalized Fixnum
+	  value bug on mingw/mswin.
+
+Fri Nov  4 10:35:47 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils::Entry_#copy): ensure that the
+	  source entry exists first, to fix error for non-existent entry.
+	  [ruby-core:77885] [Bug #12892]
+
+Thu Nov  3 21:45:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c: Import changes from ruby/bigdecimal
+	  repository.
+
+Thu Nov  3 15:01:29 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c: include sys/sysmacros.h for ArchLinux which deprecated
+	  use of major() and minor() in sys/types.h.
+
+Wed Nov  2 08:45:49 2016  Dmitry Gritsay  <unseductable@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/extension.rdoc: set ANYARGS as arguments for func1 and func2.
+
+	* doc/extension.rdoc: mention the exception object which is passed
+	  to func2 as the second argument.  [Fix GH-1471]
+
+Wed Nov  2 07:34:27 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_num_coerce_bit): enable bit operations with
+	  coercing by non-integer object.  [ruby-core:77783] [Bug #12875]
+
+Tue Nov  1 01:31:09 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (ac_cv_func_round): round(3) in x86_64-w64-mingw32
+	  is not accurate in an edge case.  [ruby-core:77794] [Bug #12878]
+
+Mon Oct 31 17:36:04 2016  Code Ahss  <aycabta@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/test_forwardable.rb (TestForwardable#test_on_private_method):
+	  add test for [Bug #12782] [Bug #12840]
+
+Mon Oct 31 11:08:51 2016  Samuel Williams  <samuel.williams@oriontransfer.co.nz>
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#merge): merge merge0.
+	  [GH-1469]
+
+Sun Oct 30 15:32:43 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb, lib/rubygems/*, test/rubygems/*: Update
+	  rubygems to 2.6.8.
+	  Release note of 2.6.8: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/commit/9fb8880976f5ab998912898b091d88aa10eb1d4a
+
+Sun Oct 30 06:39:37 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/windows_1254.c: Fix typo. Reported by k-takata at
+	  https://github.com/k-takata/Onigmo/commit/ceb59cc. Thanks!
+
+Sat Oct 29 19:59:37 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (cond0): !-operator is a method call, no warning for
+	  literal in condition.  [ruby-core:77801] [Bug #12881]
+
+Sat Oct 29 10:09:38 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): turn flip-flop in a not-operator
+	  into a boolean value.  fix up r56315
+
+Sat Oct 29 09:39:14 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_body): follow the original class, not to
+	  loop the prepended module.  [ruby-core:77784] [Bug #12876]
+
+Sat Oct 29 00:14:30 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/trans/windows-1255-tbl.rb: update mapping from 0xCA to
+	  U+05BA.  [Feature #12877]
+
+Fri Oct 28 23:22:32 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/depend: extract transcode_tblgen method calls for libraries
+	  loaded by dynamically generated names, in single_byte.trans.
+
+Fri Oct 28 16:05:03 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* insns.def (opt_case_dispatch): extract float value only if the
+	  Float method is not redefined.
+
+Fri Oct 28 15:58:16 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h (RB_OBJ_BUILTIN_TYPE): special-const safe
+	  BUILTIN_TYPE.
+
+Fri Oct 28 15:20:18 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* complex.c (id_finite_p, id_infinite_p, id_rationalize, id_PI):
+	  initialize static IDs.
+
+	* complex.c (FINITE_TYPE_P): extract predicate.
+
+	* complex.c (rb_complex_finite_p, rb_complex_infinite_p): use
+	  dedicated predicates instead of switch by TYPE.
+
+Thu Oct 27 23:28:12 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_integer_type_p): turn into macro to help
+	  clang based on old gcc to eliminate CSE.
+
+Thu Oct 27 16:33:47 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb (rel): check the exception and show right
+	  message.
+
+Thu Oct 27 14:57:33 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb (UDPSocket#recvfrom_nonblock): [DOC] Remove
+	  a false statement "If _maxlen_ is omitted, its default value is
+	  65536." maxlen, the first parameter, cannot be omitted as the method
+	  signature indicates. This hasn't changed ever since it was first
+	  implemented.
+
+Thu Oct 27 09:42:09 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_convert_to_integer): convert a fixable float to a
+	  fixnum directly without the conversion method, as well as bignum
+	  case.
+
+	* object.c (rb_convert_to_integer): should not drop the converted
+	  string.
+
+Wed Oct 26 17:09:59 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_intern): use prefixed version macro
+	  RUBY_CONST_ID_CACHE.
+
+Wed Oct 26 11:28:25 2016  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: added several entries which (if I remember correctly) are
+	  added in a year.
+
+Tue Oct 25 12:54:07 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (mnew_internal): follow the original class, not to loop
+	  the prepended module.  [ruby-core:77591] [Bug #12832]
+
+Mon Oct 24 10:52:17 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Parallel#deal): update the
+	  job status after a task finished, to show idling workers.
+
+Mon Oct 24 10:51:09 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* complex.c (Init_Complex): undefine methods inherited from
+	  Comparable, because Complex does not have <=> method.
+	  [Bug #12866]
+
+	* class.c (rb_undef_methods_from): undefine methods defined in
+	  super from klass.
+
+Mon Oct 24 10:19:44 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* complex.c (Init_Complex): undefine Complex#clamp, which does not
+	  work like other Comparable methods, because Complex does not
+	  have <=> method.  patched by Tim Peters <zomg.tim AT gmail.com>
+	  in [ruby-core:77720].  [Bug #12866]
+
+Sun Oct 23 11:41:41 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/encoding.h: include "ruby/ruby.h" explicitly for
+	  enum ruby_fl_type and VALUE.
+
+Sat Oct 22 23:33:55 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (reg_compile_gen): always append error message to the
+	  error buffer.
+
+Sat Oct 22 22:33:32 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (num_funcall1): check recursion by inverse pair, to
+	  fix fake infinite recursion.  [ruby-core:77713] [Bug #12864]
+
+Sat Oct 22 18:52:32 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_compact_bang): should return nil if no elements
+	  is deleted.  [ruby-core:77709] [Bug #12863]
+
+Sat Oct 22 10:28:28 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (DLDFLAGS): fallback to LDFLAGS.
+	  [ruby-core:72444] [Bug #11863]
+
+	* configure.in (LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS): fallback to DLDFLAGS.
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_APPEND_OPTION, RUBY_PREPEND_OPTION): expand
+	  the option to be appended/prepended when matching, as well as
+	  RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS and  RUBY_PREPEND_OPTIONS.
+
+Sat Oct 22 09:52:57 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (setup_args): duplicate splatting array if more
+	  arguments present to obey left-to-right execution order.
+	  [ruby-core:77701] [Bug# 12860]
+
+Fri Oct 21 16:44:44 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (do_opendir): retry after GC when the limit for open file
+	  descriptors reached.
+
+Fri Oct 21 16:06:25 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (open_load_file): retry after GC when the limit for open
+	  file descriptors reached.
+
+Fri Oct 21 11:34:17 2016  Pascal Schmid  <Lechindianer@users.noreply.github.com>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_sub, rb_str_gsub): [DOC] 'backlash' should read
+	  'backslash'.  [Fix GH-1461]
+
+Thu Oct 20 17:02:56 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb: added documentation for deprecated method.
+	  [Misc #11960][ruby-core:72733][ci skip]
+
+Thu Oct 20 16:57:23 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/digest/digest.c: Add documentation for Digest.
+	  [Feature #10452][ruby-core:66001][ci skip]
+	  * remove HMAC from list of digest algorithms,
+	  * add MD5 in list of digest algorithms,
+	  * add information about writing a C digest implementation using Digest::Base,
+	  * add documentation for Digest::Base public methods.
+	* ext/digest/md5/md5init.c: add examples for MD5.
+	* ext/digest/rmd160/rmd160init.c: add examples for Digest::RMD160.
+	* ext/digest/sha1/sha1init.c: add examples for Digest::SHA1.
+
+Thu Oct 20 16:19:51 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/open-uri.rb: Improved documentation grammar for
+	  open-uri#open option. [Misc #11329][ruby-core:69868][ci skip]
+
+Wed Oct 19 21:48:40 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* NEWS: mention refinements with Kernel#send and
+	  BasicObject#__send__.  [Feature #11476]
+
+Wed Oct 19 17:02:15 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_opt_send): enable refinements with
+	  Kernel#send and BasicObject#__send__.  [Feature #11476]
+
+Wed Oct 19 14:22:49 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* basictest/runner.rb: do not clobber the option by --run-opt with
+	  RUBYOPT.  reported by Allen Hewes <rallenh AT hotmail.com>.
+
+Wed Oct 19 00:09:06 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (parse_debug_line_cu): boundary checks for
+	  compressed debug sections.  [ruby-dev:49840] [Bug #12850]
+
+Tue Oct 18 16:36:40 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (DLDFLAGS): append --compress-debug-sections=zlib
+	  if available, which reduces the size of LIBRUBY_SO by half or
+	  more.
+
+Mon Oct 17 16:20:37 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/configure.bat: add option to enable/disable to install
+	  static ruby library.  defaulted to "no".  [Feature #12845]
+
+	* configure.in (install-static-library): add option to enable/
+	  disable to install static ruby library.  defaulted to "no" if
+	  enable-shared.  [Feature #12845]
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb (local-arch-lib): respect the option.
+
+Sun Oct 16 15:09:06 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/windows_1254.c, test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb:
+	  Implement non-ASCII case conversion for Windows-1254.
+
+Sat Oct 15 14:17:05 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_args.c (refine_sym_proc_call): search and call method with
+	  refinements.
+
+	* vm_args.c (vm_caller_setup_arg_block): enable refinements when
+	  enabled in the caller.  [Feature #9451]
+
+Sat Oct 15 00:54:01 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (proc_exec_cmd): use UTF-8 version aspawn.
+	  [ruby-dev:49838] [Bug #12841]
+
+Fri Oct 14 22:26:10 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/optparse/kwargs.rb (OptionParser#define_by_keywords):
+	  [EXPERIMENTAL] extract command line option definitions from the
+	  information of keyword arguments.
+
+Fri Oct 14 18:27:18 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c: Improve documentation for Float conversion.
+	  [ruby-core:71661][Bug #11736][ci skip]
+
+Fri Oct 14 18:00:20 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb: Improve Logger.new option documentation.
+	  [Feature #12803][ruby-core:77467]
+
+Fri Oct 14 17:20:24 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb (make_switch, parse_in_order): unify underscores
+	  to hyphens.
+
+Fri Oct 14 10:48:37 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/utils.rb (TimeoutHandler): use monotonic clock
+	  (watch): ditto
+
+Thu Oct 13 19:41:32 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (copy_stream_body): use IO to write to copy to duplex IO.
+	  http://twitter.com/knu/status/786505317974585344
+
+Thu Oct 13 17:05:57 2016  Dwain Faithfull  <dwfaithfull@gmail.com>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_compact, rb_hash_compact_bang): Removes nil
+	  values from the original hash, to port Active Support behavior.
+	  [Feature #11818]
+
+Thu Oct 13 11:35:33 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_sort_bang, rb_ary_sort, rb_ary_sort_by_bang):
+	  [DOC] describe that sort may not be stable.
+
+	* enum.c (enum_sort, enum_sort_by): ditto.
+
+Thu Oct 13 11:31:40 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/xpath/test_text.rb (test_ancestors): Array#sort may
+	  not be stable.  [ruby-core:76088] [Bug #12509]
+
+	* test/rss/test_maker_{0.9,1.0,2.0}.rb (test_items): ditto.
+
+Thu Oct 13 10:37:31 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* doc/extension.rdoc: wording fix
+
+Thu Oct 13 00:39:08 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb (test_sort_bang_with_freeze): make a
+	  clone to copy a <=> singleton method, instead of dup.  which
+	  element will be called is not predictable.
+	  [ruby-core:76088] [Bug #12509]
+
+Thu Oct 13 00:21:27 2016  Simon Soriano  <simon0191@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/extension.rdoc: Replace "You can defined hooked variables"
+	  with "You can define hooked variables". [Fix GH-1460]
+
+Wed Oct 12 21:05:50 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (open_load_file): revert r56385.  it introduced incompatibility
+	  about `DATA.binmode?`.
+
+Wed Oct 12 15:24:53 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb: Removed verification of gem certification.
+	  Because signed gem is not working on rubygems ecosystem.
+	* tool/gem-unpack.rb: ditto.
+
+Tue Oct 11 22:08:24 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (prep_io): fix typo of struct member name.
+	  [ruby-core:77550] [Bug #12829]
+
+Tue Oct 11 16:45:24 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI.find_proxy): Add an optional argument, env.
+
+Tue Oct 11 16:38:32 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/pp.rb (String#pretty_print): Defined to print a string as
+	  multiple lines.
+	  [ruby-core:76800] [Feature#12664] proposed by Petr Chalupa.
+
+Mon Oct 10 15:22:27 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (open_load_file): bind the open fd to an IO instance
+	  before waiting FIFO, not to leak the fd if interrupted.
+
+Mon Oct 10 12:40:54 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (open_load_file): compare with EXEEXT instead of hard
+	  coded name, and do not match with mere EXEEXT.
+
+	* ruby.c (open_load_file): open in binary mode if available, as
+	  parser deals with EOLs.
+
+	* io.c (prep_io): reduce isatty call (and its system call) on
+	  Cygwin.
+
+Sun Oct  9 23:05:53 2016  Prathamesh Sonpatki  <csonpatki@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c, class.c: Fixed documentation where Fixnum was referred
+	  directly to use Integer, as Fixnum and Bignum are now unified
+	  into Integer and direct usage is deprecated.  [Fix GH-1459]
+
+Sun Oct  9 11:37:19 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (VM_ASSERT): stringify expr here before expansion in
+	  RUBY_ASSERT_WHEN.
+
+Sat Oct  8 10:54:22 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/-test-/memory_status/memory_status.c (read_status): use
+	  Win32 GetProcessMemoryInfo API.
+
+	* ext/-test-/memory_status/memory_status.c: get memory sizes by
+	  mach task_info system call.
+
+Sat Oct  8 09:06:55 2016  Aurelien Jacobs  <aurel@gnuage.org>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb (Logger::Period#next_rotate_time): fix monthly log
+	  rotate when DST is applied during a month of 31 days.
+	  [Fix GH-1458]
+
+Fri Oct  7 20:21:39 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_prof_setup_new_record): fix the condition to get
+	  rusage.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_profile_dump_major_reason): remove undefined flags.
+
+Fri Oct  7 19:18:33 2016  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/*.c, ext/win32ole/win32ole.h: use RB_INT2FIX instead of
+	  INT2FIX, and so on.
+
+Fri Oct  7 14:18:40 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* basictest/test.rb: Adjust spaces in class declarations
+	  with inheritance. [fix GH-1227] Patch by @adrfer
+	* lib/irb/*: ditto.
+	* lib/prime.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/shell/builtin-command.rb: ditto.
+	* object.c: ditto.
+	* sample/*.rb: ditto.
+	* test/-ext-/method/test_arity.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu Oct  6 17:29:44 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* load.c (rb_require_safe): SyntaxError created by the parser just
+	  has the message and needs to set up the backtrace.
+	  [ruby-core:77491] [Bug #12811]
+
+	* load.c (rb_load_internal0): load/require is not the main
+	  script.
+
+Thu Oct  6 13:35:15 2016  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* enum.c: [DOC] Improve doc [ci-skip]
+
+Thu Oct  6 11:38:14 2016  Chris Jones  <chris@christopherjones.us>
+
+	* ext/readline/extconf.rb: Update error message with correct words.
+	  [fix GH-1453][ci skip] Patch by @magikid
+
+Thu Oct  6 11:01:49 2016  Tieg Zaharia  <tieg.zaharia@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb (WEB_ENCODINGS_): Update URI::WEB_ENCODINGS_
+	  hash, and fix documented command to grab it.  [Fix GH-1430]
+
+Thu Oct  6 10:37:13 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enum.c: Add reduce/inject alias note.
+	  [fix GH-1400][ci skip] Patch by @getaaron
+
+Thu Oct  6 10:30:27 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (update_coverage): check coverage values, and ignore
+	  non-fixnum values.
+
+Thu Oct  6 09:19:21 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (fptr_finalize): use dedicated macro RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P.
+
+Wed Oct  5 18:02:44 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http/response.rb: Improve document readability.
+	  [fix GH-1411][ci skip] Patch by @stz-seongheon
+
+Wed Oct  5 15:43:32 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* node.c (dump_node): flatten statements in NODE_BLOCK.
+
+Wed Oct  5 14:27:36 2016  Byron Bowerman  <me@bm5k.com>
+
+	* range.c: Add docs for max/min behavior with exclusive range.
+	  [fix GH-1433][ci skip] Patch by @BM5k
+
+Wed Oct  5 12:57:21 2016  Richard Schneeman  <richard.schneeman+foo@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/socket/*.c: Add proper require for example to work.
+	  [fix GH-1378][ci skip] Patch by @schneems
+
+Wed Oct  5 11:47:19 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c: Fixed equivalent ruby code with core implemention.
+	  [fix GH-1429][ci skip] Patch by @sos4nt
+
+Wed Oct  5 11:36:21 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/delegate.rb: Added missing spaces and Removed needless spaces.
+	  [fix GH-1454][ci skip] Patch by @bogdanvlviv
+
+Wed Oct  5 03:24:55 2016  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* enum.c: Make Enumerable#chunk with no block return
+	  an Enumerator [#2172]
+
+Wed Oct  5 01:19:45 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h (ST2FIX): new macro to convert st_index_t to Fixnum.
+	  a hash value of Object might be Bignum, but it causes many troubles
+	  especially the Object is used as a key of a hash.  so I've gave up
+	  to do so.
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_hash): use above macro.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_hash): ditto.
+
+	* hash.c (rb_obj_hash, rb_hash_hash): ditto.
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_dbl_hash): ditto.
+
+	* proc.c (proc_hash): ditto.
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_hash, match_hash): ditto.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_hash_m): ditto.
+
+Tue Oct  4 12:59:44 2016  Koichi ITO  <koic.ito@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_dig): [DOC] update an example of error message
+	  by Array#dig, because of Integer Unification.  [Fix GH-1455]
+
+Tue Oct  4 09:55:12 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_div2): need more room
+	  for precision to round.  [ruby-core:77475] [Bug #12805]
+
+Tue Oct  4 06:05:46 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regcomp.c (onig_print_compiled_byte_code): make the shown address
+	  look relative.
+
+Tue Oct  4 05:53:11 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regexec.c (OPCODE_EXEC_HOOK): op is p-1 because p is already
+	  incremented.
+
+	* regexec.c (OPCODE_EXEC_HOOK): use the exact end address.
+
+	* regexec.c (match_at): don't call OPCODE_EXEC_HOOK in CASE()
+	  when it comes from goto fail.
+
+Mon Oct  3 21:24:41 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* NEWS: mention Readline.quoting_detection_proc{,=}.
+
+Mon Oct  3 21:19:46 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb: [DOC] Fix default value of shift_age.
+
+Mon Oct  3 17:20:05 2016  George Brocklehurst  <ruby@georgebrock.com>
+
+	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_s_set_quoting_detection_proc):
+	  support rl_char_is_quoted_p.  [Feature #12659]
+
+	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_s_get_quoting_detection_proc):
+	  ditto.
+
+Sun Oct  2 08:22:28 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RB_INT2FIX, RB_LONG2FIX): prefix RB to
+	  global symbols to get rid of name conflicts with other headers.
+
+Sun Oct  2 07:51:20 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_hash_m): hash values may be negative.
+
+Sun Oct  2 02:04:12 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_hash_m): st_index_t is not guaranteed as the same
+	  size with int, and of course also not guaranteed the value can be
+	  Fixnum.
+
+Sun Oct  2 02:03:06 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_fix2str): detect unnormalized Fixnum value.
+
+Sat Oct  1 23:08:47 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_parse.c (date_zone_to_diff): it's nonsence and really
+	  harm that to use unary minus operator with unsigned value.
+	  get rid of test failures introduced at r56312.
+
+Sat Oct  1 22:17:49 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): move numeric literal range
+	  optimization from fixup_nodes() in parse.y.
+
+Sat Oct  1 19:19:34 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (compile_flip_flop): simplify generated code.
+
+	* compile.c (compile_branch_condition): flip-flop can appear only
+	  in conditional expressions.
+
+Sat Oct  1 02:02:02 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (poll_child_status): rb_w32_wait_events_blocking() sets
+	  errno internally, then should not set it here.
+
+Fri Sep 30 19:06:21 2016  Anton Davydov  <mail@davydovanton.com>
+
+	* lib/uri/http.rb: Documentation and code style improvements.
+	* test/uri/test_http.rb: Added test for coverage.
+	  [fix GH-1427][ruby-core:77255][Misc #12756]
+
+Fri Sep 30 18:43:20 2016  Jason Yeo  <jason@jasonyeo.me>
+
+	* doc/syntax/control_expressions.rdoc: Add missing 'as'
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1448] Patch by @jsyeo
+
+Thu Sep 29 23:38:04 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* lib/yaml/store.rb (YAML::Store#dump): use table argument instead
+	  of @table directly.
+
+Thu Sep 29 22:22:22 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* lib/yaml/store.rb (YAML::Store#initialize): Fix arguments.
+	  [ruby-dev:49821] [Bug #12800]
+
+	* test/yaml/test_store.rb: Add tests from test/test_pstore.rb.
+
+	* test/yaml/test_store.rb (YAMLStoreTest#test_with_options): Add options test.
+
+	* lib/yaml/store.rb (YAML::Store#dump): Revert to to_yaml.
+
+	* lib/yaml/store.rb (YAML::Store#empty_marshal_data): Use to_yaml with options.
+
+	* lib/yaml/store.rb (YAML::Store#empty_marshal_checksum): Use CHECKSUM_ALGO.
+
+Thu Sep 29 19:34:23 2016  Pete Higgins  <pete@peterhiggins.org>
+
+	* thread_sync.c (rb_queue_pop, rb_szqueue_push, rb_szqueue_pop):
+	  Document exception types, ThreadError, raised by Queue and
+	  SizedQueue.  [Fix GH-1451]
+
+Thu Sep 29 19:21:02 2016  Pete Higgins  <pete@peterhiggins.org>
+
+	* thread_sync.c (Init_thread_sync): Remove confusing doc comments,
+	  which are picked up by rdoc unexpectedly, from Queue and
+	  SizedQueue.  [Fix GH-1450]
+
+Wed Sep 28 23:14:19 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/pstore.rb (PStore::CHECKSUM_ALGO): find available hashing
+	  algorithm for checksum.  MD5 is not available in FIPS mode.
+	  [Feature #6943]
+
+Wed Sep 28 13:00:25 2016  ksss  <co000ri@gmail.com>
+
+	* signal.c (sig_signame): [DOC] Add documentation in the case of
+	  return nil.  [Fix GH-1449]
+
+Wed Sep 28 10:43:27 2016  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* .travis.yml: delete comments. They were outdated.
+
+Wed Sep 28 09:57:48 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb, lib/rubygems/*, test/rubygems/*: Update
+	  rubygems to 2.6.7.
+	  Release note of 2.6.7: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/commit/60f35bd1d2359fc30301d2d4cd72bc6833e8d12a
+
+Wed Sep 28 00:21:00 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (rb_warning_s_warn): the argument must be an
+	  ASCII-compatible string.  [ruby-core:77430] [Bug #12793]
+
+Tue Sep 27 23:22:31 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (symbol, dsym, parser_set_number_literal): set state to
+	  ENDARG, so that `do` after a literal should be `do_block` and
+	  bound to the outer method.  [ruby-core:72482] [Bug #11873]
+
+	* parse.y (parse_ident): revert r56198.
+
+	* parse.y (warn_balanced): the state of symbol and numeric
+	  literals is now EXPR_ENDARG, do not exclude it.
+
+Tue Sep 27 22:59:42 2016  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: news about Warning.warn.
+
+Tue Sep 27 18:10:18 2016  Jeremy Evans <code@jeremyevans.net>
+
+	* error.c: This makes all warnings raised call Warning.warn, which
+	  by default does the same thing it does currently
+	  (rb_write_error_str).  You can override Warning.warn to change
+	  the behavior. [ruby-core:75016] [Feature #12299]
+
+Tue Sep 27 17:35:28 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseqw_s_compile_file): deal with syntax error as well as
+	  compile, and should not abort when rescued.
+
+Tue Sep 27 12:07:17 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/cgi/cookie.rb (parse): don't allow , as a separator. [Bug #12791]
+
+	* lib/webrick/cookie.rb (parse): ditto.
+
+Mon Sep 26 21:37:21 2016  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* man/erb.1, man/irb.1, man/ri.1, man/ruby.1: Remove Ns before
+	  punctuation.
+
+Mon Sep 26 16:23:49 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_seek): Avoid signed integer overflow.
+	  It's not harmful in practice here, but is still undefined behavior.
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_extend): Check that the new length does
+	  not exceed LONG_MAX. This fixes the invalid write on the overflow.
+
+	* test/stringio/test_stringio.rb (test_write_integer_overflow): Add a
+	  test case for the above fix in strio_extend().
+
+Mon Sep 26 15:43:34 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* eval_intern.h (TH_PUSH_TAG): Initialize struct rb_vm_tag::tag with
+	  Qundef rather than 0 which is equal to Qfalse. Since Kernel#throw(obj)
+	  searches a tag with rb_vm_tag::tag == obj, throw(false) can
+	  accidentally find an unrelated tag which is not created by
+	  Kernel#catch.  [ruby-core:77229] [Bug #12743]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_exception.rb (test_throw_false): Add a test case for
+	  this.
+
+Mon Sep 26 14:36:12 2016  Naotoshi Seo  <sonots@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/tempfile.rb: provide default basename parameter for
+	  Tempfile.create. [Feature #11965] Patch by Yuki Kurihara
+	* test/test_tempfile.rb: ditto.
+
+Mon Sep 26 14:10:54 2016  Ary Borenszweig  <ary@esperanto.org.ar>
+
+	* string.c (lstrip_offset): add a fast path in the case of single
+	  byte optimizable strings, as well as rstrip_offset.
+	  [ruby-core:77392] [Feature #12788]
+
+Mon Sep 26 12:00:12 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: update to minitest-5.9.1.
+
+Mon Sep 26 11:50:03 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb (gem): Don't install gemspec if no files will be
+	  installed for the gem. This happens when the extension library is not
+	  compiled.
+
+Mon Sep 26 11:06:47 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* string.c (enc_strlen, rb_enc_strlen_cr): Avoid signed integer
+	  overflow. The result type of a pointer subtraction may have the same
+	  size as long. This fixes String#size returning an negative value on
+	  i686-linux environment:
+
+	    str = "\x00" * ((1<<31)-2))
+	    str.slice!(-3, 3)
+	    str.force_encoding("UTF-32BE")
+	    str << 1234
+	    p str.size
+
+Sun Sep 25 22:48:06 2016  namusyaka  <namusyaka@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/erb.rb (ERB::Compiler::TrimScanner#stag): The :stag accessor
+	  has already been available because it is defined in parent
+	  Scanner class.  [Fix GH-1445]
+
+Sun Sep 25 19:21:26 2016  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* node.c (dump_array): remove duplicate header of NODE_ARRAY/
+	  NODE_VALUES.
+
+Sat Sep 24 22:26:20 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb (extract_makefile, extmake, configuration): store
+	  extra libraries to be installed.
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb (ext-arch): install extra libraries.
+
+	* ext/zlib/extconf.rb: install zlib if built.
+
+Sat Sep 24 14:24:55 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* spec/README: update URL.
+
+Sat Sep 24 11:28:22 2016  Koichi ITO  <koic.ito@gmail.com>
+
+	* fix typos, "a" before "Integer" to "an".  [Fix GH-1438]
+
+Sat Sep 24 10:19:41 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/misc/test_ruby_mode.rb (assert_indent): since write-region
+	  in Emacs 25.1 no longer displays the "Wrote file" message, shows
+	  the explicit message to check if successfully finished.
+	  [ruby-core:77355] [Bug #12785]
+
+	* test/misc/test_ruby_mode.rb (EXPR_SAVE): use a numeric prefix
+	  argument of 0, not to make the previous version into a backup
+	  file, instead of backup-inhibited.
+
+	* test/misc/test_ruby_mode.rb (run_emacs): always save the buffer
+	  if modified.
+
+Fri Sep 23 23:57:40 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (make_method_entry_refined): fix wrong use of ||.
+
+Fri Sep 23 21:38:58 2016  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* tool/mdoc2man.rb (Mdoc2Man#parse_macro): Add support for the
+	  `Lk` macro.
+
+	* tool/mdoc2man.rb (Mdoc2Man#shift_arg): A new function to extract
+	  a possibly quoted argument.
+
+Fri Sep 23 20:36:05 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_refine): refine modules as well.
+	  [ruby-core:76199] [Feature #12534]
+
+Fri Sep 23 20:19:09 2016  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* man/ruby.1: Update the paragraphs in "Rich Libraries" which
+	  included a dead link.
+
+Fri Sep 23 20:05:27 2016  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* man/ruby.1, man/erb.1, man/irb.1, man/ri.1: Use the `Lk` macro
+	  for hyperlinks, which has been available since mdocml 1.5.1
+	  (released more than seven years ago).
+
+Fri Sep 23 15:47:04 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/forwardable.rb (_delegator_method): allow private methods to
+	  be delegated, with warnings.  [ruby-core:77341] [Bug #12782]
+
+Fri Sep 23 12:15:29 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_peephole_optimize): enable tail call
+	  optimization inside a conditional block.
+
+Thu Sep 22 13:00:04 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_start_internal): [DOC] methods without arguments
+	  like r56194. [Bug #12777]
+
+Wed Sep 21 17:43:53 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (InitVM_process): Support CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW_APPROX,
+	  CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW, and CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW_APPROX which are introduced
+	  by macOS 10.12.
+
+Wed Sep 21 13:47:33 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (brace_body, do_body): preserve cmdarg_stack so that
+	  `do` after cmdarg in a block should be `do_block` and bound to
+	  the outer method.  [ruby-core:72482] [Bug #11873]
+
+	* parse.y: `do` after cmdarg in parentheses should be `do_block`
+	  and bound to the outer method.  [ruby-core:72482] [Bug #11873]
+
+	* parse.y (brace_body, do_body): extract block bodies.
+
+Tue Sep 20 23:02:50 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_start_internal): [DOC] add ObjectSpace.garbage_collect
+	  and fix GC#garbage_collect.  [Bug #12777]
+
+Tue Sep 20 21:24:01 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* doc/extension.ja.rdoc: translate r56189 (rb_gc_adjust_memory_usage).
+
+Tue Sep 20 17:52:28 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: Update rake-11.3.0
+
+Tue Sep 20 16:52:23 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_gc_adjust_memory_usage): notify memory usage to the GC
+	  engine by extension libraries, to trigger GC.  [Feature #12690]
+
+Mon Sep 19 17:05:22 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (Init_Numeric), bignum.c (Init_Bignum): deprecate
+	  Fixnum and Bignum.  this may be reverted after previews.
+	  [Feature #12739]
+
+Mon Sep 19 10:36:53 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enumerator.c (lazy_init_yielder): directly call stored functions.
+	  [Feature #6183]
+
+	* enumerator.c (lazy_add_method): create lazy enumerator which
+	  uses lazy_init_yielder().
+
+Sun Sep 18 22:48:54 2016  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rss/rss.rb (RSS::BaseModel): Remove needless codes.
+	  [Bug #12773][ruby-dev:49813]
+	  Reported by Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA. Thanks!!!
+
+Sun Sep 18 19:23:47 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* lib/sync.rb: Fix NameError when error.
+
+Sat Sep 17 22:46:02 2016  Koichi ITO  <koic.ito@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_throw_start): Remove too much ";"
+	  [fix GH-1432]
+
+Sat Sep 17 19:19:06 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb (test_ctx_options): Fix test failure on
+	  Ubuntu 16.04. The fix in r56147 was incomplete. This is a cherry-pick
+	  of the commit b039f3e268c2 at ruby/openssl.
+
+Sat Sep 17 10:49:35 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* doc/extension.ja.rdoc: translate r56130 (rb_check_arity).
+
+Sat Sep 17 02:40:52 2016  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c: Fix stream processing support for heap
+	  dumps. Full heap dumps should use JSON lines (http://jsonlines.org)
+	  so that we can process very large heaps without loading the entire
+	  heap dump in to memory at once.
+
+Fri Sep 16 22:10:31 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ssl_npn_select_cb_common): Fix compile error
+	  with old version of fcc (Fujitsu C Compiler) on Solaris 10.
+	  [Bug #12769] [ruby-dev:49809]
+
+Fri Sep 16 21:28:25 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* internal.h (MAYBE_UNUSED): The fallback definition is needed.
+	  Fix compile error with some non-GCC compilers such as
+	  Oracle Solaris Studio 12.3 on Solaris 10.
+	  [Bug #12767] [ruby-dev:49807]
+
+	* internal.h (WARN_UNUSED_RESULT): ditto.
+
+Fri Sep 16 21:19:51 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* hash.c (each_pair_i_fast): Fix compile error with old version of
+	  fcc on Solaris 10. [Bug #12768] [ruby-dev:49808]
+
+Fri Sep 16 19:46:05 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (config.h): fixed compile error with VC introduced
+	  by previous commit.
+
+Fri Sep 16 14:54:34 2016  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h (WARN_UNUSED_RESULT): moved to configure.in, to
+	  actually check its availability rather to check GCC's version.
+
+	* configure.in (WARN_UNUSED_RESULT): moved to here.
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE): change function declaration
+	  to return int rather than void, because it makes no sense for a
+	  warn_unused_result attributed function to return void.
+
+	  Funny thing however is that it also makes no sense for noreturn
+	  attributed function to return int.  So there is a fundamental
+	  conflict between them.  While I tested this, I confirmed both
+	  GCC 6 and Clang 3.8 prefers int over void to correctly detect
+	  necessary attributes under this setup.  Maybe subject to change
+	  in future.
+
+	* internal.h (UNINITIALIZED_VAR): renamed to MAYBE_UNUSED, then
+	  moved to configure.in for the same reason we move
+	  WARN_UNUSED_RESULT.
+
+	* configure.in (MAYBE_UNUSED): moved to here.
+
+	* internal.h (__has_attribute): deleted, because it has no use now.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_enumerate_lines): refactor macro rename.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_enumerate_bytes): ditto.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_enumerate_chars): ditto.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_enumerate_codepoints): ditto.
+
+	* thread.c (do_select): ditto.
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c (rb_debug_inspector_open): ditto.
+
+	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): ditto.
+
+Fri Sep 16 14:35:55 2016  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ChangeLog (add-log-time-format): Not exactly sure when but
+	  recently (25.x maybe), emacs changed its API to take optional
+	  two arguments.  We have to follow that.
+
+Fri Sep 16 06:43:25 2016  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (def check_password): don't include bad password
+	  in URI exception output
+
+	* test/uri/test_generic.rb (def test_set_component): test for behavior
+
+Thu Sep 15 21:40:03 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* doc/extension.ja.rdoc: Fix file name.
+
+Thu Sep 15 00:59:30 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* benchmark/: add vnmakarov's benchmarks around hash [ruby-core:75265]
+
+Wed Sep 14 07:02:31 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (each_pair_i_fast): use rb_yield_values2 to avoid var args.
+
+Tue Sep 13 21:32:54 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* string.c (STR_HEAP_SIZE, RESIZE_CAPA_TERM, str_new0, rb_str_buf_new,
+	  str_shared_replace, rb_str_init, str_make_independent_expand,
+	  rb_str_resize): Avoid overflow by casting the length to size_t. size_t
+	  should be able to represent LONG_MAX+termlen.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_modify_expand): Check that the new length is in the
+	  range of long before resizing. Also refactor to use RESIZE_CAPA_TERM
+	  macro.
+
+	* string.c (str_buf_cat): Fix so that it does not create a negative
+	  length String. Also fix the condition for 'string sizes too big', the
+	  total length can be up to LONG_MAX.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_plus): Check the resulting String length does not
+	  exceed LONG_MAX.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_dump): Fix integer overflow. The dump result will be
+	  longer then the original String.
+
+Tue Sep 13 21:30:53 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* gc.c (heap_extend_pages, get_envparam_size, ruby_malloc_size_overflow,
+	  gc_profile_dump_on): Use PRIuSIZE instead of PRIdSIZE as the passed
+	  value is size_t, not ssize_t.
+
+	* iseq.c (get_line_info, rb_iseq_disasm_insn): Ditto.
+
+	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): Ditto.
+
+	* thread_win32.c (native_thread_create): Ditto.
+
+	* vm.c (get_param): Ditto.
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c (dump_append_string_content,
+	  dump_object): Ditto.
+
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (host_str, port_str): Ditto.
+
+Tue Sep 13 21:27:35 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* string.c (STR_EMBEDDABLE_P): Renamed from STR_EMBEDABLE_P(). And use
+	  it in more places.
+
+Tue Sep 13 21:23:51 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* README.md: Drop support for BeOS now that Haiku is stable since
+	  2.3.0.
+
+	* README.ja.md: ditto.
+
+Tue Sep 13 21:11:56 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (STR_EMBEDABLE_P): extract the predicate macro to tell
+	  if the given length is capable in an embedded string, and fix
+	  possible integer overflow.
+
+Tue Sep 13 18:37:08 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_exception.rb: fix thread issues.
+	  * use Queue instead of a local variable for synchronization.
+	  * join created thread to solve leaking threads warning.
+
+Tue Sep 13 16:07:26 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_set_len): The buffer overflow check is wrong. The
+	  space for termlen is allocated outside the capacity returned by
+	  rb_str_capacity(). This fixes r41920 ("string.c: multi-byte
+	  terminator", 2013-07-11).  [ruby-core:77257] [Bug #12757]
+
+	* test/-ext-/string/test_set_len.rb (test_capacity_equals_to_new_size):
+	  Test for this change. Applying only the test will trigger [BUG].
+
+Tue Sep 13 06:03:34 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (benchmark): fix lib path.
+
+Tue Sep 13 00:39:47 2016  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (singleton_class_of): Copy superclass serial number to
+	  singleton class.  This improves singleton class IMC hit rates.
+	  [Feature #12364] [ruby-core:75425]
+
+Mon Sep 12 13:46:23 2016  Anton Davydov  <mail@davydovanton.com>
+
+	* lib/uri/mailto.rb: Removed needless `return` and use `.` instead of `::`
+	  with class method.
+	* test/uri/test_mailto.rb: Added tests for coverage.
+	  [fix GH-1426][Misc #12750][ruby-core:77242]
+
+Sun Sep 11 21:30:26 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* NEWS: News about Module.used_modules.
+
+Sun Sep 11 19:06:49 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_write_console): should set written length as the
+	  return value.  [Bug #12748] [ruby-dev:49786]
+
+Fri Sep  9 22:43:29 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: sort lines.
+
+Fri Sep  9 17:59:46 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_raise): set cause from the called thread,
+	  but not from the thread to be interrupted.
+	  [ruby-core:77222] [Bug #12741]
+
+Fri Sep  9 13:50:05 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/extension.rdoc, doc/extension.ja.rdoc: fix file name.
+	  pointed out by @takkanm in the RubyKaigi talk.
+
+Fri Sep  9 13:14:53 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* News: Announcing update to Unicode version 9.0.0 [ci skip]
+
+Fri Sep  9 10:10:00 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_search): warn with the actual class/module
+	  name which defines the deprecated constant.
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_search): raise with the actual class/module
+	  name which defines the private constant.
+
+Thu Sep  8 17:47:18 2016  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* array.c (flatten): use rb_obj_class instead of rb_class_of
+	  because rb_class_of may return a singleton class.
+	  [ruby-dev:49781] [Bug #12738]
+
+Thu Sep  8 17:40:15 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb (gem): use the bindir of each gemspec instead
+	  of hardcoded 'bin', since rdoc 5.0.0 overrides it.
+
+Thu Sep  8 16:47:03 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_s_used_modules): rename Module.used_refinements to
+	  Module.used_modules.  [Feature #7418] [ruby-core:49805]
+
+Thu Sep  8 14:21:48 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec, lib/rdoc/rdoc.gemspec: Use file list instead of
+	  git output. It shows warning message when invoke `make install`
+	  [Bug #12736][ruby-dev:49778]
+
+Thu Sep  8 13:41:46 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* insns.def (setclassvariable, setconstant): warn when self is a
+	  refinement.  [Bug #10103] [ruby-core:64143]
+
+Thu Sep  8 11:29:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_transform_values, rb_hash_transform_values_bang):
+	  Rename map_v to transform_values.
+	  [Feature #12512] [ruby-core:76095]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_hash.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu Sep  8 10:08:35 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* {ext,test}/openssl: Import Ruby/OpenSSL 2.0.0.beta.2. The full commit
+	  history since v2.0.0.beta.1 can be found at:
+	  https://github.com/ruby/openssl/compare/v2.0.0.beta.1...v2.0.0.beta.2
+
+Thu Sep  8 07:23:34 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/*, test/rdoc/*: Update rdoc-5.0.0.beta2
+	  Fixed ri parse defect with left-hand matched classes.
+	  https://github.com/rdoc/rdoc/pull/420
+
+Thu Sep  8 01:12:47 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_s_used_refinements): new method
+	  Module.used_refinements.  based on the patch by Charlie
+	  Somerville.  [Feature #7418] [ruby-core:49805]
+
+Wed Sep  7 17:50:38 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/util.h (setenv): remove POSIX-noncompliant
+	  definition with 2 arguments.
+
+Wed Sep  7 17:35:37 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* unicode/8.0.0/casefold.h, name2ctype.h, unicode/data/8.0.0:
+	  removing directories/files related to Unicode version 8.0.0
+
+Wed Sep  7 17:21:55 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout#timeout): add custom error message
+	  argument.  [Feature #11650]
+
+Wed Sep  7 17:13:05 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* common.mk: Updated Unicode version to 9.0.0 [Feature #12513]
+
+	* unicode/9.0.0/casefold.h, name2ctype.h, unicode/data/9.0.0:
+	  new directories/files for Unicode version 9.0.0
+
+Wed Sep  7 16:00:45 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/open-uri.rb: Allow http to https redirection.
+	  Note that https to http is still forbidden.
+	  [ruby-core:20485] [Feature #859] by Roman Shterenzon.
+
+Wed Sep  7 14:56:59 2016  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb (CSV::{Row,Table}#{each,delete_if}): returns an enumerator
+	  if no block is given. [ruby-core:75346] [Feature #12347]
+
+	* test/csv/test_row.rb: add test for above.
+
+	* test/csv/test_table.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Sep  7 14:50:01 2016  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: update to power_assert 0.3.1.
+
+Wed Sep  7 12:16:09 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/psych/*, test/psych/*: Update psych-2.1.1
+	  This version fixed following pull requests.
+	  https://github.com/tenderlove/psych/pull/284
+	  https://github.com/tenderlove/psych/pull/276
+
+Wed Sep  7 11:51:06 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/*, test/rdoc/*: Update rdoc-5.0.0.beta1
+	  This version is mostly same as r56072. It contains to remove code
+	  for Ruby 1.8
+
+Tue Sep  6 09:23:06 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/rdoc.gemspec: partly reverted for default gem installer.
+	  upstream configuration is not working on ruby core repository.
+
+Mon Sep  5 19:35:22 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/*, test/rdoc/*: Update rdoc/rdoc master(f191513)
+	  https://github.com/rdoc/rdoc/blob/master/History.rdoc#423--2016--
+	  https://github.com/rdoc/rdoc/blob/master/History.rdoc#422--2016-02-09
+
+Sun Sep  4 00:17:55 2016  Sho Hashimoto  <sho-h@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c: [DOC] fix Object#define_singleton_method and
+	  main.define_method return value. [ci skip]
+
+Sat Sep  3 11:28:29 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (ruby_init_stack): check stack bounds even if
+	  get_main_stack succeeded, on the "co-routine" case.
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/53953ee#commitcomment-18887413
+
+Fri Sep  2 16:06:59 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h (MEMO_V1_SET, MEMO_V2_SET): fix typos.  use the macro
+	  parameter, not the local variable.
+
+Fri Sep  2 00:55:11 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb (timestamp_file): move extmk.rb specific tricks
+	  from lib/mkmf.rb.  keep RUBYCOMMONDIR prefix not to conflict
+	  with a timestamp file in the toplevel.
+
+Thu Sep  1 14:24:16 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb (gems): move dirty hacks for bundled gems from
+	  mkmf.rb.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): yield all configuration strings.
+
+Wed Aug 31 17:39:19 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb (create_makefile): make gem.build_complete file
+	  under TARGET_SO_DIR and install it only when the gem build
+	  succeeded.  [ruby-core:77057] [Bug #12681]
+
+Wed Aug 31 15:36:10 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb: move TARGET_SO_DIR stuffs to mkmf.rb.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): create target shared object files
+	  under $(TARGET_SO_DIR) which is $sodir if it is defined with
+	  $extout.  [ruby-core:77058] [Bug #12681]
+
+Wed Aug 31 01:56:55 2016  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/extension.ja.rdoc: [DOC] Fix a typo. [ci skip]
+
+Wed Aug 31 00:52:23 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb: make the gems target directory under the expanded
+	  name.  [ruby-core:77102] [Bug #12714]
+
+Tue Aug 30 15:27:27 2016  Kouhei Yanagita  <yanagi@shakenbu.org>
+
+	* ext/json/lib/json/add/ostruct.rb (OpenStruct.json_create):
+	  Correct documentation, fix the name of values.  [Fix GH-1421]
+
+Tue Aug 30 14:53:34 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (nogvl_fsync, nogvl_fdatasync): on Windows, just ignore if the
+	  fd is associated to non-disk device.  if call fsync and/or fdatasync
+	  with such fds, it causes Errno::EBADF exception and the behavior is
+	  incompatible with ruby 2.1 and earlier unintentionally introduced.
+
+Tue Aug 30 03:38:35 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (backtrace): use rip in the saved context for the case
+	  the SIGSEGV is received when the process is in userland.
+	  Note that ip in the stack should be used if the signal is received
+	  when it is in kernel (when it is calling syscall) [Bug #12711]
+
+Sat Aug 27 10:26:14 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_concat_multi): take multiple arguments.  based
+	  on the patch by Satoru Horie.  [Feature #12333]
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_concat_multi, rb_str_prepend_multi): ditto.
+
+Thu Aug 25 00:42:31 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/file.c (append_wstr): remove a codepage argument, and use
+	  INVALID_CODE_PAGE for conversion by econv.
+
+	* win32/file.c (append_wstr): exclude the terminator from the
+	  result length when input len == -1.
+
+Wed Aug 24 22:41:30 2016  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_reset_malloc_info): Remove too much ";".
+
+Wed Aug 24 20:07:57 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/defines.h (ALWAYS_INLINE): Add alternative definition.
+	  Fix compile error with compilers that do not have force inline
+	  attribute, including old version of fcc on Solaris 10.
+	  [ruby-dev:49773] [Bug #12701]
+
+Wed Aug 24 16:56:26 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* .gdbinit: follow r55766's VM change.
+
+Wed Aug 24 12:57:56 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_mod_initialize, rb_class_initialize): [DOC] these
+	  methods do not invoke module_eval/class_eval, just eval the
+	  given block under the new module/class but sharing the context
+	  with the surrounding scope like those methods.
+	  [ruby-core:77023] [Bug #12696]
+
+Tue Aug 23 10:34:40 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/psych/test_psych.rb (test_load_file_with_fallback): fix
+	  Tempfile leak.  https://github.com/tenderlove/psych/pull/288
+
+Tue Aug 23 10:15:01 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_fs_setter): check and convert $; value at
+	  assignment.
+
+Tue Aug 23 02:09:57 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_split_m): show $; name in error message when it
+	  is a wrong object.
+
+Mon Aug 22 16:29:52 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb (CSV#shift): store partial quoted strings in an array
+	  and join at last, to improve performance with very long quoted
+	  lines.  [ruby-core:76987] [Bug #12691]
+
+Mon Aug 22 14:35:57 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* man/irb.1: remove useless -width option.
+	  [ruby-dev:49767] [Bug #12692]
+
+Mon Aug 22 09:02:56 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (Init_ISeq): undefine allocator of InstructionSequence,
+	  to get rid of segfaults at method call on uninitialized object.
+
+Sat Aug 21 05:47:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_sort): prevent wasteful array duplication.
+
+Sat Aug 20 11:20:32 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* rubystub.c: generalize win32/stub.c.
+
+Fri Aug 19 11:39:06 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (primary): allow parenthesised statement as a method
+	  argument.  [Feature #12686]
+
+Fri Aug 19 09:12:45 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (vm_set_main_stack): TOPLEVEL_BINDING must be built.
+	  http://www.viva64.com/en/b/0414/#ID0EQ1CI  [ruby-core:76973]
+
+Fri Aug 19 01:00:53 2016  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (mnew_missing): Remove an unused argument.
+	  After r51126 rid is not used.
+
+Thu Aug 18 09:26:52 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: bump to test-unit-3.2.1
+
+Thu Aug 18 02:36:26 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb: skip gems which failed to build extensions.
+	  [ruby-dev:49764] [Bug #12683]
+
+Wed Aug 17 23:35:12 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems (tk): bump up to 0.1.1.
+
+Wed Aug 17 23:14:42 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb: build gem extensions into separate directories
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb: install pre-built gem extension files gem
+	  extension directories.  [ruby-core:76931] [Bug #12681]
+
+Tue Aug 16 21:04:30 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (UNICODE_HDR_DIR): separate unicode header files from
+	  unicode data files.  [ruby-core:76879] [Bug #12677]
+
+Tue Aug 16 11:17:51 2016  Koichi ITO  <koic.ito@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/net/http/header.rb: Fix typo. [ci skip][fix GH-1407]
+	* transcode.c: ditto.
+
+Tue Aug 16 11:02:31 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/make-snapshot (package): save generated header files from
+	  unicode data.  [ruby-core:76879] [Bug #12677]
+
+Mon Aug 15 20:31:34 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* node.c (dump_array): show nd_alen field in NODE_ARRAY only in
+	  the first node.  it is nd_end in the rest nodes.
+
+Mon Aug 15 16:41:32 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* appveyor.yml: Update libressl version to 2.3.7.
+
+Mon Aug 15 11:46:50 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb (extmake): extension libraries in gems cannot link
+	  statically.
+
+Sun Aug 14 22:35:40 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* id_table.c (hash_table_extend): should not shrink the table than
+	  the previous capacity.  [ruby-core:76534] [Bug #12614]
+
+Sun Aug 14 18:51:24 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: add gemified tk 0.1.0.
+	  this needs `extract-gems` to build.
+
+Sun Aug 14 14:54:14 2016  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* object.c (InitVM_Object): Update referenced document path.
+
+Sat Aug 13 23:08:01 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (num_funcall0, num_funcall1): get rid of infinite
+	  recursion in fallback methods of Numeric.
+
+Sat Aug 13 11:10:08 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (command_asgn, arg): fix syntax errors with chained
+	  assignment with op assign.  [Bug #12669]
+
+Sat Aug 13 10:52:19 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (stmt, arg): rescue modifier in command op assignment
+	  should be limited to rhs only.  [ruby-core:75621] [Bug #12402]
+
+Sat Aug 13 07:51:40 2016  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_val2variant): fix integer conversion in
+	  cygwin64.
+
+Fri Aug 12 21:05:19 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/config.rb (WEBrick::Config::General):
+	  disable reverse lookup by default. [ruby-core:45514] [Feature #6559]
+	  Socket.do_not_reverse_lookup is true by default but WEBrick
+	  overwrote it.
+	  patch by Eric Hodel [ruby-core:45527]
+
+Fri Aug 12 12:50:31 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (rb_syntax_error_append): fix newline in syntax error
+	  message to the beginning, not after file name and line number.
+	  [Feature #11951]
+
+Thu Aug 11 16:24:23 2016  Ferdinand Niedermann  <nerdinand@nerdinand.com>
+
+	* compar.c (cmp_clamp): Introduce Comparable#clamp.  [Feature #10594]
+
+Thu Aug 11 03:16:59 2016  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/prime.rb: Optimize prime?
+	  Adapted from patch by Jabari Zakiya [#12665]
+
+	* test/test_prime.rb: Improve test
+
+Wed Aug 10 22:37:01 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (command_rhs, arg_rhs): introduce new rules to reduce
+	  repeated rules with rescue modifier.
+
+Wed Aug 10 17:26:43 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (command_asgn): rescue modifier in command assignment
+	  should be limited to rhs only.  [ruby-core:75621] [Bug #12402]
+
+Wed Aug 10 15:35:03 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/win32/resolv/resolv.c: needs windows.h for iphlpapi.h on
+	  cygwin.  [ruby-core:76791] [Bug #12663]
+
+	* ext/win32/resolv/resolv.c (w32error_make_error): use
+	  Win32::Resolv::Error, an alias of Win32::Registry::Error.
+
+Tue Aug  9 17:50:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_map_v, rb_hash_map_v_bang): implement Hash#map_v and
+	  Hash#map_v! [Feature #12512] [ruby-core:76095]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_hash.rb: add tests for above change.
+
+Tue Aug  9 16:09:03 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_getivar): use always_inline because
+	  gcc7 doesn't inline this without always_inline.
+
+Tue Aug  9 15:41:24 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/tk: Tk is removed from stdlib.  [Feature #8539]
+	  https://github.com/ruby/tk is the new upstream.
+
+Tue Aug  9 00:12:31 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* doc/maintainers.rdoc: Remove moved file section.
+
+Mon Aug  8 20:56:46 2016  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/sample/excel1.rb, ext/win32ole/sample/excel2.rb,
+	  ext/win32ole/sample/excel3.rb, ext/win32ole/sample/ie.rb,
+	  ext/win32ole/sample/ienavi.rb, ext/win32ole/sample/ienavi2.rb: use
+	  true instead of deprecated TRUE. [ci skip]
+
+Mon Aug  8 12:51:12 2016  Zarko Todorovski <zarko@ca.ibm.com>
+
+	* internal.h (RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS): Reroute ANSI C's strict
+	  aliasing rule.
+	  [ruby-core:74427][Bug #12191][ruby-core:76747][Bug #12657]
+
+Sun Aug  7 18:08:27 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (InitVM_Object): deprecate toplevel constants TRUE,
+	  FALSE, and NIL.  [Feature #12574]
+
+Sun Aug  7 06:48:21 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_write_internal):
+	  avoid undefined behavior
+	* test/openssl/test_pair.rb (test_write_zero): new test
+	  [ruby-core:76751] [Bug #12660]
+
+Sat Aug  6 09:35:30 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* id_table.h (rb_id_table_iterator_result): add dummy sentinel
+	  member because C standard prohibits a trailing comma.
+
+Sat Aug  6 00:39:44 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (env_enc_str_new): make string for an environment
+	  variable name or value.
+
+	* hash.c (env_name_new): make environment value string with the
+	  encoding for its name.
+
+Fri Aug  5 23:18:35 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (env_str_new): taint the string.  get rid of a test failure
+	  introduced at r55811.
+
+Fri Aug  5 17:04:02 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (w32_getenv): call rb_w32_getenv and rb_w32_ugetenv via
+	  this pointer without further comparisons.
+
+Thu Aug  4 11:54:30 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (env_assoc): the encoding of the value should be the
+	  locale, as well as other methods, [], fetch, values, etc.
+
+Wed Aug  3 21:31:23 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (reg_fragment_enc_error): compile_error is different
+	  between parser and ripper.  [ruby-core:76397] [Bug #12651]
+
+Wed Aug  3 17:15:06 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_clone2): restrict freeze option to true other
+	  than false which only has the effect.  [Feature #12300]
+
+Wed Aug  3 10:47:07 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: introduce VM_FRAME_RUBYFRAME_P()
+	  and VM_FRAME_CFRAME_P().
+	  Most of case, RUBY_VM_NORMAL_ISEQ_P() is no
+	  longer needed.
+
+	* vm_core.h: introduce rb_obj_is_iseq().
+
+	* cont.c, vm.c: VM_FRAME_MAGIC_DUMMY with
+	  VM_FRAME_FLAG_CFRAME.
+
+Wed Aug  3 09:25:16 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: rename macros and make them inline functions.
+
+	  * rename VM_FRAME_TYPE_FINISH_P() to VM_FRAME_FINISHED_P().
+	  * rename VM_FRAME_TYPE_BMETHOD_P() to VM_FRAME_BMETHOD_P().
+
+Wed Aug 03 09:15:02 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: introduce VM_FRAME_FLAG_CFRAME to represent cfp->iseq
+	  type.
+
+Tue Aug  2 21:42:40 2016  Chia-sheng Chen  <qitar888@gmail.com>
+
+	* math.c (tanh): make faster by the extract form if three
+	  hyperbolic functions are unavailable.  [Feature #12647]
+
+Tue Aug  2 12:37:00 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c, ext/socket/rubysocket.h (inet_ntop): share
+	  the fallback definition.  [ruby-core:76646] [Bug #12645]
+
+Tue Aug  2 04:07:29 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (set_pioinfo_extra): use more reliable way to search
+	  the position of pioinfo of VC14, and also support debug library of it.
+	  patched by davispuh AT gmail.com
+	  [ruby-core:76644] [Bug #12644]
+	  this fixes also [Bug #12631]
+
+Mon Aug  1 21:39:52 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb: [EXPERIMENTAL] build extension libraries in
+	  extracted gems.
+
+Mon Aug  1 16:07:18 2016  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (struct RStruct): no longer.
+
+	* internal.h (struct RStruct): moved here.
+
+	* struct.c (rb_struct_ptr): a compensation function for the lack
+	  of RSTRUCT_PTR.  But now that we have RSTRUCT_GET/SET, that must
+	  not be used anyway.  I mark this deprecated.  Dont use it.
+
+Mon Aug  1 14:50:06 2016  Jeremy Evans <code@jeremyevans.net>
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_clone2): Allow Object#clone to take freeze:
+	  false keyword argument to not freeze the clone.
+	  [ruby-core:75017][Feature #12300]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_object.rb (TestObject): test for it.
+
+Mon Aug  1 12:16:19 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json/*, test/json/json_parser_test.rb: Update json-2.0.2.
+
+Sun Jul 31 16:17:23 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/win32/resolv/resolv.c (get_dns_server_list): [Win32] get DNS
+	  servers only for connected network devices by GetNetworkParams
+	  API.  [Bug #12604]
+
+Sat Jul 30 12:13:26 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c (String#downcase), NEWS: Mentioned that case mapping for all
+	  of ISO-8859-1~16 is now supported. [ci skip]
+
+Sat Jul 30 12:00:01 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_2.c, test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb:
+	  Implement non-ASCII case conversion for ISO-8859-2, by Yushiro Ishii.
+
+Fri Jul 29 20:57:12 2016  chuanshuo  <lilijreey@126.com>
+
+	* *.c: rename rb_funcall2 to rb_funcallv, except for extensions
+	  which are/will be/may be gems.  [Fix GH-1406]
+
+Fri Jul 29 10:51:34 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* proc.c (env_write): remove unused function.
+
+Fri Jul 29 10:49:52 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h (VM_LOCAL_P): should return an integer value.
+	  reported at
+	  http://d.hatena.ne.jp/nagachika/20160728/ruby_trunk_changes_55764_55770
+
+Fri Jul 29 04:23:08 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h (VM_ENV_LOCAL_P): return truthy (0 or not) value.
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_make_proc_lambda): use VM_ENV_ESCAPED_P() macro.
+
+Fri Jul 29 03:49:04 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c, internal.h: remove RubyVM::Env class and all of env objects
+	  are imemo objects (imemo_env).
+
+	* NEWS: describe this change. I believe nobody touch these objects
+	  because there are no method defined.
+
+	* vm_core.h: remove the following definitions.
+	  * rb_cEnv decl.
+	  * GetEnvPtr() because Env is no longer T_DATA object.
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_env_t): fix layout for imemo values.
+
+	* vm_core.h (vm_assert_env): added.
+
+	* vm_core.h (vm_env_new): added.
+
+Thu Jul 28 19:53:21 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: revisit the structure of frame, block and env.
+	  [Bug #12628]
+
+	  This patch introduce many changes.
+
+	  * Introduce concept of "Block Handler (BH)" to represent
+	    passed blocks.
+
+	  * move rb_control_frame_t::flag to ep[0] (as a special local
+	    variable). This flags represents not only frame type, but also
+	    env flags such as escaped.
+
+	  * rename `rb_block_t` to `struct rb_block`.
+
+	  * Make Proc, Binding and RubyVM::Env objects wb-protected.
+
+	  Check [Bug #12628] for more details.
+
+Thu Jul 28 15:05:12 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (ruby_fl_type): use __extension__ to get rid
+	  of pedantic warning against RUBY_FL_USER19.
+	  https://github.com/skylightio/skylight-ruby/issues/64
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_mul_size_overflow): ditto for use of
+	  int128.
+
+Wed Jul 27 10:32:59 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/windows_1253.c: Remove dead code found by Coverity Scan.
+
+Tue Jul 26 22:43:36 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (run_finalizer): make saved running finalizer state
+	  volatile to ensure not to be clobbered by longjmp.
+
+Tue Jul 26 19:26:00 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: introduce rb_vm_pop_frame() and use it
+	  instead of setting rb_thread_t::cfp directly.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_pop_frame): return the result of
+	  finish frame or not.
+
+Tue Jul 26 19:06:39 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_raw_obj_info): support to show Proc obj.
+
+Tue Jul 26 18:55:55 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark): add `inline' explicitly.
+	  I expected to inline this function implicitly at the loop
+	  (ex: marking T_ARRAY objects) but sometimes it remains as
+	  normal call.
+
+Tue Jul 26 16:33:16 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/windows_1257.c, test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb:
+	  Implement non-ASCII case conversion for Windows-1257, by Sho Koike.
+
+Tue Jul 26 16:19:41 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/windows_1250.c, test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb:
+	  Implement non-ASCII case conversion for Windows-1250, by Sho Koike.
+
+	* ChangeLog: Fixed order of previous two entries.
+
+Tue Jul 26 15:54:17 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/windows_1253.c, test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb:
+	  Implement non-ASCII case conversion for Windows-1253, by Takumi Koyama.
+
+Tue Jul 26 15:30:37 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/windows_1251.c, test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb:
+	  Implement non-ASCII case conversion for Windows-1251, by Shunsuke Sato.
+
+Tue Jul 26 13:04:59 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb: Add explicit skip test for
+	  availability of Unicode data files.
+
+Mon Jul 25 21:33:13 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* range.c (check_step_domain): check step argument domain by <=>
+	  method, instead of < and >.
+
+Mon Jul 25 21:11:32 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* doc/maintainers.rdoc: fix filenames.
+
+Mon Jul 25 16:59:00 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* debug.c (ruby_debug_printf): use rb_raw_obj_info()
+	  instead of rb_inspect() because it is more robust way
+	  to see object internal.
+
+Sun Jul 24 16:33:13 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* regenc.h/c, include/ruby/oniguruma.h, enc/ascii.c, big5.c, cp949.c,
+	  emacs_mule.c, euc_jp.c, euc_kr.c, euc_tw.c, gb18030.c, gbk.c,
+	  iso_8859_1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|11|13|14|15|16.c, koi8_r.c, koi8_u.c,
+	  shift_jis.c, unicode.c, us_ascii.c, utf_16|32be|le.c, utf_8.c,
+	  windows_1250|51|52|53|54|57.c, windows_31j.c, unicode.c:
+	  Remove conditional compilation macro ONIG_CASE_MAPPING. [Feature #12386].
+
+Sun Jul 24 12:53:42 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/maintainers.rdoc: xmlrpc is bundled gem from Ruby 2.4.
+
+Sun Jul 24 12:07:39 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/maintainers.rdoc: Update OpenSSL maintainer.
+
+Sat Jul 23 22:43:41 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h (Check_Type): inline check for the object type.
+
+Sat Jul 23 04:06:04 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RTEST, NIL_P): use RUBY prefixed name in
+	  macros.
+
+Sat Jul 23 01:41:29 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/cgihandler.rb (do_GET): delete HTTP_PROXY
+	* test/webrick/test_cgi.rb (test_cgi_env): new test
+	* test/webrick/webrick.cgi (do_GET): new endpoint to dump env
+	  [ruby-core:76511] [Bug #12610]
+
+Fri Jul 22 19:55:20 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (vm_set_main_stack): remove unnecessary check.  toplevel
+	  binding must be initialized.  [Bug #12611] (N1)
+
+	* win32/win32.c (w32_symlink): fix return type.  [Bug #12611] (N3)
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_split_m): simplify the condition.
+	  [Bug #12611](N4)
+
+Fri Jul 22 17:13:37 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c (String#dump): Change escaping of non-ASCII characters in
+	  UTF-8 to use upper-case four-digit hexadecimal escapes without braces
+	  where possible [Feature #12419].
+
+	* test/ruby/test_string.rb (test_dump): Add tests for above.
+
+Fri Jul 22 10:35:35 2016  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/attribute.rb (REXML::Attribute#to_string): Fix wrong
+	  entry reference name of double quote.
+	  [Bug #12609][ruby-core:76509]
+	  Patch by Joseph Marrero. Thanks!!!
+
+Fri Jul 22 10:32:13 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* template/unicode_norm_gen.tmpl: Remove
+	  UnicodeNormalize::UNICODE_VERSION at origin [Feature #12546].
+
+Fri Jul 22 09:23:51 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* LEGAL: Added entries for files under the USD license.
+	  [Bug #12598][ruby-core:76428][ci skip]
+
+Fri Jul 22 09:19:57 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* LEGAL: Added entry for `lib/rdoc/generator/template/darkfish/css/fonts.css`
+	  [Misc #12550][ruby-core:76255][ci skip]
+
+Fri Jul 22 06:28:32 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (run_finalizer): push and exec tag just once, instead of
+	  protecting for each finalizer.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_start_internal, rb_gc_start): set finalizing flag
+	  whenever calling deferred finalizers not to recurse.
+
+Thu Jul 21 22:26:40 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* missing/strl{cat,cpy}.c: Update latest upstream files.
+	  [Misc #12205][ruby-core:74487]
+	* LEGAL: Update license for missing/strl{cat,cpy}.c.
+
+Thu Jul 21 21:53:30 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* LEGAL: added file list with Public domain license.
+	  [ruby-core:76254][Bug #12549]
+
+Wed Jul 20 17:44:07 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enumerator.c (lazy_uniq): new method Enumerator::Lazy#uniq.
+	  [Feature #11090]
+
+	* enum.c (enum_uniq): new method Enumerable#uniq.
+	  [Feature #11090]
+
+Wed Jul 20 17:35:23 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_add_new_element): add new element or do nothing
+	  if it is contained already.
+
+	* array.c (ary_add_hash, ary_add_hash_by): use
+	  rb_hash_add_new_element.
+
+Tue Jul 19 18:21:17 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb: Remove
+	  UnicodeNormalize::UNICODE_VERSION (#12546).
+
+Tue Jul 19 15:38:59 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_local_constants_i): exclude private constants
+	  when excluding inherited constants too.  [Bug #12345]
+
+Sun Jul 17 23:42:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (num_finite_p, num_infinite_p): Add Numeric#finite? and
+	  Numeric#infinite?  [Feature #12039] [ruby-core:73618]
+
+	* complex.c (rb_complex_finite_p): Add Complex#finite?
+
+	* complex.c (rb_complex_infinite_p): Add Complex#infinite?
+
+	* test/ruby/test_bignum.rb: Add test for Integer#finite? and
+	  Integer#infinite?
+
+	* test/ruby/test_fixnum.rb: ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rational.rb: Add test for Rational#finite? and
+	  Rational#infinite?
+
+	* test/ruby/test_complex.rb: Add test for Complex#finite? and
+	  Complex#infinite?
+
+Sun Jul 17 20:59:24 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk, enc/depend (casefold.h, name2ctype.h): move to
+	  unicode data directory per version.
+
+Sat Jul 16 06:26:00 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk, enc/Makefile.in: moved timestamp files for
+	  directories under the specific directory, to get rid of match
+	  with files under the source directory.
+
+Fri Jul 15 22:05:13 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c (str_buf_cat): Fix potential integer overflow of capa.
+	  In addition, termlen is used instead of +1.
+
+Fri Jul 15 21:30:38 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c (str_buf_cat): Fix capa size for embed string.
+	  Fix bug in r55547. [Bug #12536]
+
+Fri Jul 15 18:13:15 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: update latest gems.
+
+Fri Jul 15 17:08:57 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* util.c (ruby_strtod): do not underflow only by preceding zeros,
+	  which may be canceled out by the exponent.
+	  http://twitter.com/kazuho/status/753829998767714305
+
+Fri Jul 15 09:53:48 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb, tool/enc-unicode.rb: check if
+	  Unicode versions are consistent with each other.
+
+Fri Jul 15 08:25:15 2016  Jeremy Evans <code@jeremyevans.net>
+
+	* string.c (STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE): reduce from 128 to 127
+	  [ruby-core:76371] [Feature #12025]
+	* string.c (rb_str_buf_new): adjust for above reduction
+
+Thu Jul 14 17:26:00 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (enc/unicode/name2ctype.h): remove stale recipe,
+	  which did not support Unicode age properties.
+
+	* common.mk (enc/unicode/name2ctype.h): update by --header option
+	  of tool/enc-unicode.rb.  enc/unicode/name2ctype.kwd file has not
+	  been used.
+
+	* common.mk (enc/unicode/name2ctype.kwd): rule to create from
+	  Unicode data files, used only when the target does not exist.
+
+Thu Jul 14 13:10:54 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json/lib/json/ext: remove stale directory.  bundled
+	  extension libraries are placed under the directory for each
+	  architectures, but not mixed with plain text script libraries.
+
+Thu Jul 14 12:48:47 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json/**/*.rb: merge original files from upstream repository.
+	  It only fixes styles of frozen string literal.
+
+Wed Jul 13 22:23:03 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/json/json_common_interface_test.rb: use assert_raise instead of
+	  assert_raises.
+
+Wed Jul 13 22:14:23 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit.rb: added test files with `_test` suffix for json
+	  upstream.
+	* test/json: merge original test files from json upstream.
+
+Wed Jul 13 18:09:42 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_9.c, test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb:
+	  Implement non-ASCII case conversion for ISO-8859-9, by Kazuki Iijima.
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_9.c: Exclude dotless i/I with dot from case-insensitive
+	  matching because they are not a case pair.
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_iso_8859.rb: Make test coverage for ISO-8859-9
+	  a bit more complete.
+
+Wed Jul 13 17:21:24 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/windows_1252.c, test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb:
+	  Implement non-ASCII case conversion for Windows-1252, by Serina Tai.
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb: Fix order of encodings.
+
+Wed Jul 13 16:19:14 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_7.c, test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb:
+	  Implement non-ASCII case conversion for ISO-8859-7, by Kosuke Kurihara.
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb: Fix order of encodings.
+
+Wed Jul 13 16:08:08 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_roots): should mark the VM object itself to mark
+	  singleton class of the VM object.
+	  Before this patch, we only set mark bit for the VM object and
+	  invoke mark function separately.
+	  [Bug #12583]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: add a test.
+
+Wed Jul 13 15:59:59 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* math.c (_USE_MATH_DEFINES): it must be set before including internal.h
+	  because internal.h includes ruby.h, ruby.h includes win32.h, and
+	  win32.h includes system's math.h.
+	  this change is to get rid of a compiler warning (redefinition of
+	  a macro) introduced at r55641.
+
+Wed Jul 13 15:19:03 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_1.c, enc/iso_8859_4.c: Avoid setting modification flag if
+	  there is no modification.
+
+Wed Jul 13 14:40:04 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_5.c, test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb:
+	  Implement non-ASCII case conversion for ISO-8859-5, by Masaru Onodera.
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb: Fix order of encodings.
+
+Wed Jul 13 14:28:33 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* math.c (rb_math_sqrt): r55646 must use f_signbit.
+
+Wed Jul 13 14:22:50 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (Init_ISeq): undef ISeq.translate and ISeq.load_iseq
+	  to prevent calling super classes' methods.
+
+	  Without this patch, you can write workaround like:
+
+	    class << RubyVM::InstructionSequence
+	      def translate; end
+	      undef translate
+	    end
+
+	* test/ruby/test_iseq.rb: add a test.
+
+Wed Jul 13 14:16:03 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_method.c (method_entry_get_without_cache): check
+	  undefined method even if ruby_running is FALSE.
+
+	  We haven't call "undef"ed methods before ruby_running.
+	  So that this issue does not make troubles.
+
+Wed Jul 13 14:15:22 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/windows_1254.c: Adjust variable/macro names.
+
+Wed Jul 13 13:19:12 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_9.c, enc/windows_1254.c: Split Windows-1254 from
+	  ISO-8859-9 to be able to implement different case conversions.
+
+Wed Jul 13 13:08:30 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_7.c, enc/windows_1253.c: Split Windows-1253 from
+	  ISO-8859-7 to be able to implement different case conversions.
+
+Wed Jul 13 10:50:12 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_13.c, test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb:
+	  Implement non-ASCII case conversion for ISO-8859-13, by Kanon Shindo.
+
+Wed Jul 13 10:31:39 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_13.c, enc/windows_1257.c: Split Windows-1257 from
+	  ISO-8859-13 to be able to implement different case conversions.
+
+Wed Jul 13 09:02:30 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_3.c, test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb:
+	  Implement non-ASCII case conversion for ISO-8859-3, by Takuya Miyamoto.
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb: Extend special treatment
+	  for Turkic.
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_3.c: Exclude dotless i/I with dot from case-insensitive
+	  matching because they are not a case pair.
+
+Wed Jul 13 08:40:21 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_iso_8859.rb: Exclude dotless i/I with dot from
+	  case-insensitive matching because they are not a case pair.
+
+Tue Jul 12 23:13:43 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* math.c (rb_math_sqrt): [EXPERIMENTAL] move Complex sqrt support
+	  from mathn.rb.
+
+Tue Jul 12 01:25:09 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in, lib/mkmf.rb, win32/Makefile.sub (CSRCFLAG): make the
+	  compiler option replacable in Makefile.
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (OUTFLAG, COUTFLAG): ditto.
+
+	* win32/Makeile.sub, win32/setup.mak (CC): should not append `-nologo`
+	  option forcely.
+
+Mon Jul 11 18:05:40 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_1.c: Moved test for lowercase characters without
+	  uppercase equivalent.
+
+Mon Jul 11 17:49:25 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_4.c, enc/iso_8859_10.c, enc/iso_8859_14.c,
+	  enc/iso_8859_15.c, enc/iso_8859_16.c: Replace case-by-case code with
+	  lookup in ENC_ISO_8859_xx_TO_LOWER_CASE table.
+
+Mon Jul 11 16:00:56 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_each, strio_readlines): convert
+	  arguments just once before reading, instead of conversions for
+	  each lines, as r55603.
+
+Sun Jul 10 19:53:41 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_10.c, test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb:
+	  Implement non-ASCII case conversion for ISO-8859-10, by Toya Hosokawa.
+
+Sun Jul 10 19:33:47 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb: Changed testing logic to
+	  catch unintended modifications of characters that do not have a case
+	  equivalent in the respective encoding.
+	* enc/iso_8859_1.c, enc/iso_8859_15.c: Fixed unintended modifications of
+	  micro sign and y with diaeresis.
+
+Sun Jul 10 17:05:36 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_4.c, test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb:
+	  Implement non-ASCII case conversion for ISO-8859-4, by Kotaro Yoshida.
+
+Sun Jul 10 16:17:47 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb: Fixed a comment
+	  (message belongs to last commit). [ci skip]
+
+Sun Jul 10 14:27:25 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* util.c (ruby_dtoa): [EXPERIMENTAL] adjust the case that the
+	  Float value is close to the exact but unrepresentable middle
+	  value of two values in the given precision, as r55604.
+
+Sun Jul 10 08:57:20 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c: Fixed implicit conversion error with Apple clang-800.0.31
+
+Sat Jul  9 12:43:09 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/getoptlong.rb: use false instead of FALSE.
+
+Fri Jul  8 21:49:28 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_wait_for_single_fd): Clean up fds.revents every time
+	  before calling ppoll(2). [Bug #12575] [ruby-dev:49725]
+
+Fri Jul  8 14:16:48 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_args.c (vm_caller_setup_arg_block): call rb_sym_to_proc()
+	  directly to reduce method dispatch overhead.
+
+Fri Jul  8 08:43:31 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_s_read): add description of pipes to the documentation
+	  of IO.read.
+
+Fri Jul  8 03:54:22 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_args.c (setup_parameters_complex): don't raise ArgumentError
+	  if an array is given for instance_exec with optional argument.
+	  [ruby-core:76300] [Bug #12568]
+	  https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/25699
+
+Fri Jul  8 00:47:36 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (yield_under): change prototype to get argc/argv.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (specific_eval): change for above.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_obj_instance_exec): avoid object allocation.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_mod_module_exec): ditto.
+
+Thu Jul  7 20:08:37 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_args.c (vm_caller_setup_arg_block): disable symbol block
+	  argument optimization when tail call optimization is enabled,
+	  in order to avoid SEGV.  [ruby-core:76288] [Bug #12565]
+
+Thu Jul  7 16:37:53 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_round): [EXPERIMENTAL] adjust the case that the
+	  receiver is close to the exact but unrepresentable middle value
+	  of two values in the given precision.
+	  http://d.hatena.ne.jp/hnw/20160702
+
+Thu Jul  7 16:31:07 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_s_foreach, rb_io_s_readlines): convert arguments
+	  just once before reading, instead of conversions for each lines.
+
+Wed Jul  6 19:54:17 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_14.c, test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb:
+	  Implement non-ASCII case conversion for ISO-8859-14, by Yutaro Tada.
+
+Wed Jul  6 19:24:48 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_1.c, enc/iso_8859_15.c, enc/iso_8859_16.c:
+	  Align indenting to onigmo convention.
+
+Wed Jul  6 18:59:13 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_15.c, test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb:
+	  Implement non-ASCII case conversion for ISO-8859-15, by Maho Harada.
+
+Wed Jul  6 18:34:21 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_16.c, test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb:
+	  Implement non-ASCII case conversion for ISO-8859-16, by Satoshi Kayama.
+
+Wed Jul  6 14:44:56 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): store $headers in LOCAL_HDRS for
+	  depend files.
+
+	* ext/digest/digest_conf.rb (digest_conf): add implementation
+	  specific headers to $header.
+
+	* ext/digest/{md5,rmd160,sha1,sha2}/depend: add LOCAL_HDRS to the
+	  dependencies.
+
+Wed Jul  6 08:59:35 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http/generic_request.rb (write_header): A Request-Line must
+	  not contain CR or LF.
+
+Wed Jul  6 07:11:27 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb (putline): raise an ArgumentError when
+	  CR or LF is included in a line.
+
+Tue Jul  5 20:49:30 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json/*, test/json/*: Update json-2.0.1.
+	  Changes of 2.0.0: https://github.com/flori/json/blob/f679ebd0c69a94e3e70a897ac9a229f5779c2ee1/CHANGES.md#2015-09-11-200
+	  Changes of 2.0.1: https://github.com/flori/json/blob/f679ebd0c69a94e3e70a897ac9a229f5779c2ee1/CHANGES.md#2016-07-01-201
+	  [Feature #12542][ruby-dev:49706][fix GH-1395]
+
+Tue Jul  5 19:39:49 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_change_terminator_length): New function to change
+	  termlen and resize heap for the terminator. This is split from
+	  rb_str_fill_terminator (str_fill_term) because filling terminator
+	  and changing terminator length are different things. [Bug #12536]
+
+	* internal.h: declaration for rb_str_change_terminator_length.
+
+	* string.c (str_fill_term): Simplify only to zero-fill the terminator.
+	  For non-shared strings, it assumes that (capa + termlen) bytes of
+	  heap is allocated. This partially reverts r55557.
+
+	* encoding.c (rb_enc_associate_index): rb_str_change_terminator_length
+	  is used, and it should be called whenever the termlen is changed.
+
+	* string.c (str_capacity): New static function to return capacity
+	  of a string with the given termlen, because the termlen may
+	  sometimes be different from TERM_LEN(str) especially during
+	  changing termlen or filling terminator with specific termlen.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_capacity): Use str_capacity.
+
+Tue Jul  5 11:07:14 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* pack.c (pack_pack): use union instead of bare variable to ease
+	  optimizations and avoid assigning x87 floating point number.
+	  [ruby-core:74496] [Bug #12209]
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): ditto.
+
+Mon Jul  4 13:56:34 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c: define sig_t if not exist.
+	  at least Solaris 10 and 11 doesn't have sig_t.
+
+Mon Jul  4 13:08:48 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* random.c (random_ulong_limited): avoid left shift count >= width of
+	  type on 32bit environment.
+
+Sun Jul  3 18:51:42 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb, test_regex_casefold.rb,
+	  test/test_unicode_normalize.rb: Replace UNICODE_VERSION from
+	  UnicodeNormalize with RbConfig::CONFIG['UNICODE_VERSION'] from
+	  feature 12460.
+
+Sun Jul  3 06:04:09 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* process.c (disable_child_handler_fork_child): simplify
+	  [ruby-core:75781] [Misc #12439]
+
+Sun Jul  3 05:25:46 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* tool/asm_parse.rb: add description
+	* tool/change_maker.rb: ditto
+	* tool/downloader.rb: ditto
+	* tool/eval.rb: ditto
+	* tool/expand-config.rb: ditto
+	* tool/extlibs.rb: ditto
+	* tool/fake.rb: ditto
+	* tool/file2lastrev.rb: ditto
+	* tool/gem-unpack.rb: ditto
+	* tool/gen_dummy_probes.rb: ditto
+	* tool/gen_ruby_tapset.rb: ditto
+	* tool/generic_erb.rb: ditto
+	* tool/id2token.rb: ditto
+	* tool/ifchange: ditto
+	* tool/insns2vm.rb: ditto
+	* tool/instruction.rb: ditto
+	* tool/jisx0208.rb: ditto
+	* tool/merger.rb: ditto
+	* tool/mkrunnable.rb: ditto
+	* tool/node_name.rb: ditto
+	* tool/parse.rb: ditto
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb: ditto
+	* tool/rbuninstall.rb: ditto
+	* tool/rmdirs: ditto
+	* tool/runruby.rb: ditto
+	* tool/strip-rdoc.rb: ditto
+	* tool/vcs.rb: ditto
+	* tool/vtlh.rb: ditto
+	* tool/ytab.sed: ditto
+	* tool/enc-unicode.rb: fix typo
+	* tool/mk_call_iseq_optimized.rb: ditto
+	* tool/update-deps: ditto
+	  [ruby-core:76215] [Bug #12539]
+	  by Noah Gibbs <the.codefolio.guy@gmail.com>
+
+Sat Jul  2 18:04:24 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (initialize): RFC3986_Parser#split sets opaque
+	  only if the URI has path-rootless, not path-empty.
+	  [ruby-core:76055] [Bug #12498]
+	  patched by Chris Heisterkamp <cheister@squareup.com>
+
+Sat Jul  2 04:26:14 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regcomp.c (noname_disable_map): don't optimize out group 0
+	  Ruby's Regexp doesn't allow normal numbered groups if the regexp
+	  has named groups. On such case it optimizes out related NT_ENCLOSE.
+	  But even on the case it can use \g<0>.
+	  This fix not to remove NT_ENCLOSE whose regnum is 0.
+	  [ruby-core:75828] [Bug #12454]
+
+Sat Jul  2 03:09:27 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c: Partially reverts r55547 and r55555.
+	  ChangeLog about the reverted changes are also deleted in this file.
+	  [Bug #12536] [ruby-dev:49699] [ruby-dev:49702]
+
+Sat Jul  2 02:22:22 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c (str_fill_term): When termlen increases, re-allocation
+	  of memory for termlen should always be needed.
+	  In this fix, if possible, decrease capa instead of realloc.
+	  [Bug #12536] [ruby-dev:49699]
+
+Fri Jul  1 20:20:20 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c: Specify termlen as far as possible.
+	  Additional fix for [Bug #12536] [ruby-dev:49699].
+
+	* string.c (str_new_static): Specify termlen from the given encoding
+	  when creating a new String object is needed.
+
+	* string.c (rb_tainted_str_new_with_enc): New function to create a
+	  tainted String object with the given encoding. This means that
+	  the termlen is correctly specified. Currently static function.
+	  The function name might be renamed to rb_tainted_enc_str_new
+	  or rb_enc_tainted_str_new.
+
+	* string.c (rb_external_str_new_with_enc): Use encoding by using the
+	  above rb_tainted_str_new_with_enc().
+
+Fri Jul  1 19:38:57 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/fiddle/test_pointer.rb (test_to_str, test_to_s, test_aref_aset):
+	  Attempt to use independent strings for destructive tests that
+	  directly modify values on memory by using Fiddle::Pointer.
+	  [Bug #12537] [ruby-dev:49700]
+
+Fri Jul  1 18:20:00 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* .gdbinit (rb_ps_thread): show the detail of cfunc in ruby level
+	  backtrace.
+
+Fri Jul  1 13:26:39 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_subseq, str_substr): When RSTRING_EMBED_LEN_MAX
+	  is used, TERM_LEN(str) should be considered with it because
+	  embedded strings are also processed by TERM_FILL.
+	  Additional fix for [Bug #12536] [ruby-dev:49699].
+
+Fri Jul  1 12:11:01 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* .gdbinit (rb_count_objects): added gdb version of count_objects().
+
+Fri Jul  1 04:32:52 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* .gdbinit (rb_ps_thread): show ruby level backtrace.
+	  Usually you can call `rb_ps` to show ruby level backtraces
+	  for all living threads.
+	  Note that it can call with core file like `gcore <pid>`
+	  and `gdb ruby core.<pid>`.
+
+Thu Jun 30 19:15:13 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c: Fix memory corruptions when using UTF-16/32 strings.
+	  [Bug #12536] [ruby-dev:49699]
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_new_with_class): Use TERM_LEN of the "obj".
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_plus, rb_str_justify): Use str_new0 which is aware
+	  of termlen.
+
+	* string.c (str_shared_replace): Copy +termlen bytes instead of +1.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_times): termlen should not be included in capa.
+
+	* string.c (RESIZE_CAPA_TERM): When using RSTRING_EMBED_LEN_MAX,
+	  termlen should be counted with it because embedded strings are
+	  also processed by TERM_FILL.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_capacity, str_shared_replace, str_buf_cat): ditto.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_drop_bytes, rb_str_setbyte, str_byte_substr): ditto.
+
+Wed Jun 29 22:24:37 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych_jars.rb: removed needless file required to JRuby.
+
+Wed Jun 29 22:21:38 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c: The "reuse" behavior of d2i_ functions does
+	  not work well with OpenSSL 1.0.0t. So avoid it.
+
+Wed Jun 29 15:18:28 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* insns.def (opt_succ): optimize like r55515. (but this argument is
+	  constant)
+
+Wed Jun 29 12:41:58 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: skip
+	  test_prepend_after_refine_wb_miss on ARM or MIPS.
+	  [ruby-core:76031] [Bug #12491]
+
+Wed Jun 29 08:45:53 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (passed_block): convert passed block symbol to proc.
+	  based on the patch by Daisuke Sato in [ruby-dev:49695].
+	  [Bug #12531]
+
+Wed Jun 29 03:34:41 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big2ulong): the old logic seems to try to avoid
+	  calculating `-(long)(num-1)-1` if `num` is not LONG_MIN. (Note that
+	  `-LONG_MIN` may be larger than LONG_MAX) But C compilers can
+	  optimize it into single NEG instruction.
+	  Therefore those two conditions can be single if-body.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big2long): ditto.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big2ull): ditto.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big2ll): ditto.
+
+Tue Jun 28 22:55:00 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/pstore.rb (PStore::CHECKSUM_ALGO): extract the algorithm for
+	  checksum, instead of qualified names for each times.
+
+Tue Jun 28 22:29:36 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* bootstraptest/runner.rb: do not use safe navigation operator.
+	  this runner may run on older ruby.  partially revert r53110
+	  (GH-1142 patched by @mlarraz).
+
+Tue Jun 28 22:09:09 2016  Akio Tajima <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb: rescue Errno:EACCES for chown.
+	  [Bug #12520]
+
+Tue Jun 28 18:38:09 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/digest/md5/md5ossl.h: Remove excess semicolons.
+	  Suppress warning on Solaris with Oracle Solaris Studio 12.
+	  [ruby-dev:49692] [Bug #12524]
+
+	* ext/digest/md5/md5cc.h: ditto.
+	* ext/digest/sha1/sha1cc.h: ditto.
+	* ext/digest/sha1/sha1ossl.h: ditto.
+	* ext/digest/sha2/sha2cc.h: ditto.
+	* ext/digest/sha2/sha2ossl.h: ditto.
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c: ditto.
+
+Tue Jun 28 15:56:48 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb: noting to test if
+	  Unicode data files are available.
+	  [ruby-core:76160] [Bug #12433]
+
+	* test/test_unicode_normalize.rb: ditto.
+
+Tue Jun 28 15:20:18 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP#proxy_uri): cache the case no proxy
+	  is used.
+
+Tue Jun 28 09:56:29 2016  Stefan Schussler  <mail@stefanschuessler.de>
+
+	* object.c (rb_mod_eqq): [DOC] Fix typo in RDoc.  [Fix GH-1393]
+
+Tue Jun 28 02:41:32 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* insns.def (opt_plus): use `- 1` instead of `& (~1)` to allow
+	  compilers to use x86 LEA instruction (3 operand).
+	  Even if 3 operand LEA's latency is 3 cycle after SandyBridge,
+	  it reduces code size and can be faster because of super scalar.
+
+	* insns.def (opt_plus): calculate and use rb_int2big.
+	  On positive Fixnum overflow, `recv - 1 + obj` doesn't carry
+	  because recv's msb and obj's msb are 0, and resulted msb is 1.
+	  Therefore simply rshift and cast as signed long works fine.
+	  On negative Fixnum overflow, it will carry because both arguments'
+	  msb are 1, and resulted msb is also 1.
+	  In this case it needs to restore carried sign bit after rshift.
+
+Mon Jun 27 16:58:32 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#install): accecpt symbolic mode, as
+	  well as chmod.
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#install): add owner and group
+	  options.
+
+Mon Jun 27 08:56:55 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (ADD_TRACE): ignore trace instruction on non-positive
+	  line.
+
+	* parse.y (coverage): get rid of ArgumentError when the starting
+	  line number is not positive.  [ruby-core:76141] [Bug #12517]
+
+Sun Jun 26 10:20:25 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/win32/lib/Win32API.rb (Win32API#initialize): Cygwin
+	  2.5.2-1 (perhaps) seems to no longer append ".dll" suffix
+	  implicitly.
+
+	* ext/win32/lib/win32/resolv.rb (Win32::Resolv): ditto.  Fix the
+	  error reported by yamataka AT u08.itscom.net in
+	  [ruby-list:50339], and pointed out and patched by cerberus AT
+	  m3.kcn.ne.jp in [ruby-list:50341].
+
+Sat Jun 25 10:07:52 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ocsp.rb: Ignore errors caused by bugs that exist in
+	  LibreSSL >= 2.3.1.
+
+Sat Jun 25 02:33:33 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (vm_respond_to): try method_missing if respond_to?
+	  is undefined, as if it is the default definition.
+	  [ruby-core:75377] [Bug #12353]
+
+Fri Jun 24 17:04:21 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/psych/*, test/psych/*: Update psych 2.1.0
+	  This version fixed [Bug #11988][ruby-core:72850]
+
+Fri Jun 24 13:12:41 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb, lib/rubygems/*, test/rubygems/*:
+	  Update rubygems 2.6.5 and 2.6.6.
+	  Release note of 2.6.5: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/commit/656f5d94dc888d78d0d00f3598a4fa37391aac80
+	  Release note of 2.6.6: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/commit/ccb9c3300c063f5b5656669972d24a10ef8afbf5
+
+Fri Jun 24 09:17:15 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb): should not depend
+	  on Unicode data files unless ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE=yes, to get
+	  rid of downloading Unicode data unnecessary.  [ruby-dev:49681]
+
+	* common.mk (enc/unicode/casefold.h): update Unicode files in a
+	  sub-make, not to let the header depend on the files always.
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb: if gperf is not usable, assume the
+	  existing file is OK.
+
+Tue Jun 21 19:44:54 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_regex_casefold.rb: Add Windows-1251, KOI8-R, and
+	  KOI8-U to encodings; definitely removed EUC-JP.
+
+Tue Jun 21 19:32:23 2016  Mark St.Godard  <markstgodard@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httprequest.rb (setup_forwarded_info): Use the first
+	  value in X-Forwarded-Proto, if header contains multiple comma
+	  separated values.  Some middlewares may add these values to the
+	  list, not replacing.  [Fix GH-1386]
+
+Tue Jun 21 17:17:42 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: Skip test_readpartial_with_not_empty_buffer,
+	  test_read_buffer_error, test_read_unlocktmp_ensure,
+	  test_readpartial_unlocktmp_ensure, and
+	  test_sysread_unlocktmp_ensure on cygwin,
+	  because these tests repeatedly hang. This makes test_io.rb
+	  complete in finite time on cygwin.
+
+	* ChangeLog: Fix test_in.rb -> test_io.rb (two instances).
+
+Tue Jun 21 16:38:14 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_casemap): do not put code with side effects
+	  inside RSTRING_PTR() macro which evaluates the argument multiple
+	  times.
+
+Tue Jun 21 16:13:45 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_casemap): fix memory leak.
+
+Tue Jun 21 16:12:21 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_casemap): int is too small for string size.
+
+Tue Jun 21 15:42:22 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: Skip test_read_buffer_error on cygwin,
+	  because this test repeatedly hangs.
+
+Tue Jun 21 15:35:14 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* LEGAL: Added filenames and copyrights for some files in
+	  enc/trans/JIS.
+
+Tue Jun 21 00:56:47 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (get_special_folder): fix calling convention of
+	  SHGetPathFromIDListEx, which should be WINAPI.  pointed out by
+	  @arton at http://twitter.com/arton/status/744884064277016576
+
+Tue Jun 21 00:22:02 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in, include/ruby/defines.h (RUBY_USE_SETJMPEX):
+	  include setjmpex.h only when using setjmpex() for RUBY_SETJMP.
+	  the header of mingw32 overrides setjmp() by setjmpex().
+
+Mon Jun 20 18:39:16 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: Skip test_open_fifo_does_not_block_other_threads
+	  on cygwin. Fifos seem to work okay in cygwin, but this test repeatedly
+	  hangs.
+
+Mon Jun 20 13:35:06 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (invoke_bmethod, invoke_block_from_c_0): revert r52104
+	  partially to avoid "self has wrong type to call super in this
+	  context" errors.
+	  [ruby-core:72724] [Bug #11954]
+
+Mon Jun 20 12:53:38 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_remote_fetcher.rb: OpenSSL::PKey::DH#priv_key=
+	  is not defined when ext/openssl is built with OpenSSL 1.1.0.
+	  https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/1648
+	  [ruby-core:75225] [Feature #12324]
+
+Sun Jun 19 21:25:43 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c: Add OCSP::SingleResponse that represents an
+	  OCSP SingleResponse structure. Also add two new methods #responses
+	  and #find_response to OCSP::BasicResponse. A BasicResponse has one or
+	  more SingleResponse. We have OCSP::BasicResponse#status that returns
+	  them as an array of arrays, each containing the content of a
+	  SingleResponse, but this is not useful. When validating an OCSP
+	  response, we need to look into the each SingleResponse and check their
+	  validity but it is not simple. For example, when validating for a
+	  certificate 'cert', the code would be like:
+
+	    # certid_target is an OpenSSL::OCSP::CertificateId for cert
+	    basic = res.basic
+	    result = basic.status.any? do |ary|
+	      ary[0].cmp(certid_target) &&
+	        ary[4] <= Time.now && (!ary[5] || Time.now <= ary[5])
+	    end
+
+	  Adding OCSP::SingleResponse at the same time allows exposing
+	  OCSP_check_validity(). With this, the code above can be rewritten as:
+
+	    basic = res.basic
+	    single = basic.find_response(certid_target)
+	    result = single.check_validity
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ocsp.rb: Test this.
+
+Sun Jun 19 18:40:19 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c (ossl_ocspbres_add_status): Allow specifying
+	  the times (thisUpdate, nextUpdate and revocationTime) with Time
+	  objects. Currently they accepts only relative seconds from the current
+	  time. This is inconvenience, especially for revocationTime. When
+	  Integer is passed, they are still treated as relative times. Since the
+	  type check is currently done with rb_Integer(), this is a slightly
+	  incompatible change. Hope no one passes a relative time as String or
+	  Time object...
+	  Also, allow passing nil as nextUpdate. It is optional.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ruby_missing.h: Define RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P() if not defined.
+	  openssl gem will be released before Ruby 2.4.0.
+
+Sun Jun 19 18:39:38 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c: Implement OCSP::{CertificateId,Request,
+	  BasicResponse,Response}#initialize_copy.
+	  [ruby-core:75504] [Bug #12381]
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ocsp.rb: Test them.
+
+Sun Jun 19 18:29:50 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c, ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c,
+	  ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c, ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c: Implement
+	  initialize_copy method for OpenSSL::PKey::*.
+	  [ruby-core:75504] [Bug #12381]
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_dh.rb, test/openssl/test_pkey_dsa.rb,
+	  test/openssl/test_pkey_ec.rb, test/openssl/test_pkey_rsa.rb: Test they
+	  actually copy the OpenSSL objects, and modifications to cloned object
+	  don't affect the original object.
+
+Sun Jun 19 16:55:16 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_dir_m17n.rb: Skip tests with non-UTF-8 encodings
+	  on cygwin. Cygwin can use the Unicode PUA (private use area) to store
+	  bytes from non-UTF-8 filenames (see
+	  https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-specialnames.html#pathnames-specialchars),
+	  but we are not supporting this. [Bug #12443]
+
+Sun Jun 19 15:01:18 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* localeinit.c: Fix filesystem encoding for cygwin to UTF-8 (see
+	  https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-specialnames.html#pathnames-unusual)
+
+Sun Jun 19 14:31:07 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.h, ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c,
+	  ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c, ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c: A few days
+	  ago, OpenSSL changed {DH,DSA,RSA}_get0_*() to take const BIGNUM **.
+	  https://git.openssl.org/gitweb/?p=openssl.git;a=commit;h=fd809cfdbd6e32b6b67b68c59f6d55fbed7a9327
+	  [ruby-core:75225] [Feature #12324]
+
+Sun Jun 19 11:19:43 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_path_to_class): consider the string length
+	  instead of a terminator.
+
+	* variable.c (rb_path_to_class): search the constant at once
+	  instead of checking if defined and then getting it.
+
+Sat Jun 18 14:01:40 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_installer.rb: Fixed broken test with extension
+	  build. https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/1645
+
+Sat Jun 18 13:59:54 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb, lib/rubygems/*, test/rubygems/*: Update rubygems
+	  HEAD(2c6d256). It contains to update vendored Molinillo to 0.5.0.
+	  https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/1638
+
+Sat Jun 18 10:13:37 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (build-ext), ext/extmk.rb: use variable EXTENCS
+	  different than ENCOBJS, to get rid of circular dependency.
+	  build libencs when linking encodings statically.
+	  [ruby-core:75618] [Bug #12401]
+
+Sat Jun 18 08:52:46 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_getline): fix pointer index
+	  overflow.  reported by Guido Vranken <guido AT guidovranken.nl>.
+
+Thu Jun 16 16:35:35 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (Init_class_hierarchy): prevent rb_cObject which is the
+	  class tree root, from GC.  [ruby-dev:49666] [Bug #12492]
+
+Thu Jun 16 12:17:52 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (tr_trans): adjust buffer size by processed and rest
+	  lengths, instead of doubling repeatedly.
+
+Thu Jun 16 11:15:25 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (tr_trans): consider terminator length and fix heap
+	  overflow.  reported by Guido Vranken <guido AT guidovranken.nl>.
+
+Thu Jun 16 00:02:32 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c (ossl_ocspreq_verify, ossl_ocspbres_verify):
+	  Use ossl_clear_error() so that they don't print warnings to stderr and
+	  leak errors in the OpenSSL error queue. Also, check the return value
+	  of OCSP_*_verify() correctly. They can return -1 on verification
+	  failure.
+
+Wed Jun 15 19:52:23 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c (ossl_ocspreq_sign, ossl_ocspbres_sign): Allow
+	  specifying hash algorithm used in signing. They are hard coded to use
+	  SHA-1.
+	  Based on a patch provided by Tim Shirley <tidoublemy@gmail.com>.
+	  [ruby-core:70915] [Feature #11552] [GH ruby/openssl#28]
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ocsp.rb: Test sign-verify works.
+
+Wed Jun 15 01:46:16 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c: [DOC] fix rdoc directive, and an example of negative
+	  value.  [ruby-core:76025] [Bug #12487]
+
+Wed Jun 15 01:44:42 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/mkconfig.rb: provide Unicode Version information as
+	  RbConfig::CONFIG['UNICODE_VERSION'].
+	  [ruby-core:75845] [Feature #12460]
+
+Wed Jun 15 00:01:18 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb
+	  (TestComprehensiveCaseFold::read_data): use \A and \z instead of
+	  ^ and $ in regexp.
+
+Tue Jun 14 23:43:00 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/backward.h (rb_cFixnum, rb_cBignum): remove the
+	  backward compatibility macros, to fail incompatible extension
+	  libraries early.  [Bug #12427]
+
+Tue Jun 14 22:22:07 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* strftime.c (rb_strftime_with_timespec): limit the result string
+	  size by the format length, to get rid of unlimited memory use.
+
+Tue Jun 14 22:11:11 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c (ossl_ocspcid_get_issuer_name_hash,
+	  ossl_ocspcid_get_issuer_key_hash, ossl_ocspcid_get_hash_algorithm):
+	  Add accessor methods OCSP::CertificateId#issuer_name_hash,
+	  #issuer_key_hash, #hash_algorithm.
+	  Based on a patch provided by Paul Kehrer <paul.l.kehrer@gmail.com>.
+	  [ruby-core:48062] [Feature #7181]
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ocsp.rb: Test these new methods.
+
+Tue Jun 14 22:07:25 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_strftime.c (date_strftime_with_tmx): reject too
+	  large precision to get rid of buffer overflow.
+	  reported by Guido Vranken <guido AT guidovranken.nl>.
+
+Tue Jun 14 21:40:42 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c (ossl_ocspbres_to_der, ossl_ocspcid_to_der):
+	  Implement #to_der methods for OCSP::BasicResponse and
+	  OCSP::CertificateId.
+
+	  (ossl_ocspreq_initialize, ossl_ocspres_initialize): Use GetOCSP*()
+	  instead of raw DATA_PTR().
+
+	  (ossl_ocspbres_initialize, ossl_ocspcid_initialize): Allow
+	  initializing from DER string.
+
+	  (Init_ossl_ocsp): Define new #to_der methods.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ocsp.rb: Test these changes. Also add missing tests
+	  for OCSP::{Response,Request}#to_der.
+
+Tue Jun 14 21:35:00 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h (DH_set0_pqg, RSA_set0_key):
+	  DH_set0_pqg() allows 'q' to be NULL. Fix a typo in RSA_set0_key().
+	  Fixes r55285.  [ruby-core:75225] [Feature #12324]
+
+Mon Jun 14 10:19:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* NEWS: describe Integer#digits.
+
+Mon Jun 13 21:09:40 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (debug_deadlock_check): show thread lock dependency and
+	  backtrace [Feature #8214] [ruby-dev:47217]
+
+	* thread.c (thread_status_name): show "sleep_forever" instead of
+	  "sleep" if called from inspect.
+
+Mon Jun 13 20:50:07 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (reg_named_capture_assign_iter): remove named capture
+	  conflict warnings.  it is just annoying rather than useful.
+	  [ruby-core:75416] [Bug #12359]
+
+Mon Jun 13 20:04:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_int_digits, rb_fix_digits, rb_int_digits_bigbase):
+	  Add Integer#digits to extract columns in place-value notation
+	  [Feature #12447] [ruby-core:75799]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_integer.rb: Add tests for the above change.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_bignum.rb: ditto.
+
+Mon Jun 13 20:34:53 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RUBY_INTEGER_UNIFICATION): macro to tell if
+	  Integer is integrated.  [ruby-core:75718][Bug #12427]
+
+	* include/ruby/backward.h, internal.h (rb_cFixnum, rb_cBignum):
+	  fallback to rb_cInteger.
+
+	* bignum.c, numeric.c, ext/json/generator/generator.{c,h}: use the
+	  macro.
+
+Mon Jun 13 16:58:53 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb: Add tests for full Unicode
+	  swapcase.
+
+Sun Jun 12 14:48:00 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb: Add tests for ASCII-only
+	  swapcase; store calculated values in hashes.
+
+Sun Jun 12 14:05:45 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c (ossl_cipher_get_auth_tag,
+	  ossl_cipher_set_auth_tag): Check if the cipher flags retrieved by
+	  EVP_CIPHER_CTX_flags() includes EVP_CIPH_FLAG_AEAD_CIPHER to see if
+	  the cipher supports AEAD. AES-GCM was the only supported in OpenSSL
+	  1.0.1.
+
+	  (Init_ossl_cipher): Fix doc; OpenSSL::Cipher::AES.new(128, :GCM) can't
+	  work.
+
+	* ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h: Define EVP_CTRL_AEAD_{GET,SET}_TAG if
+	  missing. They are added in OpenSSL 1.1.0, and have the same value as
+	  EVP_CTRL_GCM_{GET,SET}_TAG and EVP_CTRL_CCM_{GET,SET}_TAG.
+
+Sun Jun 12 13:47:42 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_engine.rb (test_openssl_engine_builtin,
+	  test_openssl_engine_by_id_string): Skip test if 'openssl' engine is
+	  already loaded. And test the number increased by Engine.load{_by_id,},
+	  not the total count of loaded engines. Previously, we called
+	  OpenSSL::Engine.cleanup every time running a test case, but we no
+	  longer can do it.
+	  [ruby-core:75225] [Feature #12324]
+
+Sun Jun 12 09:24:34 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (append_fspath): normalize directory name to be appended
+	  on OS X.  [ruby-core:75957] [Ruby trunk Bug#12483]
+	  https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/25303#issuecomment-224834804
+
+Sat Jun 11 23:07:32 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/forwardable.rb (_delegator_method): get rid of a warning which
+	  causes test failures introduced at r55376.
+
+Sat Jun 11 18:37:58 2016  Marcus Stollsteimer  <sto.mar@web.de>
+
+	* ext/json/lib/*.rb: Removed some comments. Because these are unnecessary
+	  class description. [ci skip][Bug #12255][ruby-core:74835]
+
+Sat Jun 11 15:19:38 2016  takiy33  <takiy33@users.noreply.github.com>
+
+	* lib/net/smtp.rb: [DOC] Remove dead link on documentation for
+	  Japanese of SMTP.  [Fix GH-1380]
+
+Sat Jun 11 15:02:45 2016  Grant Hutchins  <github@nertzy.com>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_oct): [DOC] fix typo, hornored -> honored.
+	  [Fix GH-1379]
+
+Sat Jun 11 14:04:19 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c: generate valid JSON for dump_all.
+
+Sat Jun 11 13:52:33 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/forwardable.rb (_delegator_method): remove __send__ call if
+	  possible, so that more optimizations will be enabled.
+
+Sat Jun 11 11:24:36 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859.h (SHARP_s): name frequently used codepoint.
+
+Sat Jun 11 09:58:45 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_1.c: Revert to older version of code.
+
+Sat Jun 11 09:46:17 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_1.c: Implement non-ASCII case mapping.
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb: Tests for above.
+
+	* string.c: Add iso-8859-1 to supported encodings.
+
+Sat Jun 11 09:31:28 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/forwardable.rb (_delegator_method): leave the backtrace
+	  untouched during accessor.  forwardable.rb does not appear in
+	  the backtrace during delegated method because of tail-call
+	  optimization.
+
+Sat Jun 11 01:38:31 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/defines.h (GCC_VERSION_SINCE): Fix logic error by
+	  adding parentheses. Fix failures of TestMkmf::TestConvertible
+	  with GCC 3.4.3 on Solaris 10. [Bug #12479] [ruby-dev:49660]
+
+Fri Jun 10 21:54:24 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/forwardable.rb (Forwardable._delegator_method): extract
+	  method generator and deal with non-module objects.
+	  [ruby-dev:49656] [Bug #12478]
+
+Fri Jun 10 17:35:11 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c: Special-case :ascii option in rb_str_capitalize_bang and
+	  rb_str_swapcase_bang.
+
+Fri Jun 10 17:12:24 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c: Special-case :ascii option in rb_str_upcase_bang (retry).
+
+Fri Jun 10 14:48:36 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (get_env_cstr): ensure NUL-terminated.
+	  [ruby-dev:49655] [Bug #12475]
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_fill_terminator): return the pointer to the
+	  NUL-terminated content.
+
+Thu Jun  9 21:42:00 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (asn1integer_to_num): Use
+	  ASN1_ENUMERATED_to_BN() to convert an ASN1_ENUMERATED to a BN.
+	  Starting from OpenSSL 1.1.0, ASN1_INTEGER_to_BN() rejects
+	  non-ASN1_INTEGER objects. The format of INTEGER and ENUMERATED are
+	  almost identical so they behaved in the same way in OpenSSL <= 1.0.2.
+	  [ruby-core:75225] [Feature #12324]
+
+	* test/openssl/test_asn1.rb (test_decode_enumerated): Test that it
+	  works.
+
+Thu Jun  9 21:10:04 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* tool/ifchange: fix timestamp error when target without
+	  directory.
+
+Thu Jun  9 19:46:22 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: Add define guards for OPENSSL_NO_EC.
+	  SSL_CTX_set_ecdh_auto() is defined even when ECDH is disabled in
+	  OpenSSL's configuration. This fixes r55214.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pair.rb (test_ecdh_curves): Skip if the OpenSSL does
+	  not support ECDH.
+
+	* test/openssl/utils.rb (start_server): Ignore error in
+	  SSLContext#ecdh_curves=.
+
+Thu Jun  9 18:12:42 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (un-runnable): fail with proper error message.
+	  [ruby-core:75905] [Bug #12472]
+
+Thu Jun  9 15:32:17 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (RBCONFIG): use ifchange tool to see if the content is
+	  changed and update the timestamp file.
+
+	* tool/mkconfig.rb: remove ifchange features.
+
+	* tool/ifchange: make target directory if it does not exist with
+	  its parent directories.
+
+	* win32/ifchange.bat: drop support for command.com used on old
+	  systems.
+
+Thu Jun  9 15:03:35 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: Check for CRYPTO_malloc() and SSL_new().
+	  OpenSSL_add_all_digests() and SSL_library_init() are deprecated and
+	  converted to macros in OpenSSL 1.1.0.
+	  [ruby-core:75225] [Feature #12324]
+
+Wed Jun  8 23:09:51 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_ascii_casemap): fix compile error.
+
+Wed Jun  8 22:22:24 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c: Revert previous commit (possibility of endless loop).
+
+Wed Jun  8 21:57:41 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c: Special-case :ascii option in rb_str_upcase_bang.
+
+Wed Jun  8 21:28:36 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c: New static function rb_str_ascii_casemap; special-casing
+	  :ascii option in rb_str_upcase_bang and rb_str_downcase_bang.
+
+	* regenc.c: Fix a bug (wrong use of unnecessary slack at end of string).
+
+	* regenc.h -> include/ruby/oniguruma.h: Move declaration of
+	  onigenc_ascii_only_case_map so that it is visible in string.c.
+
+Wed Jun  8 20:33:44 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h: Remove excess semicolons in PUREFUNC().
+	  Fix failure of TestMkmf::TestConvertible on Solaris with
+	  Oracle Solaris Studio 12. [ruby-dev:49651] [Bug #12470]
+	* internal.h: ditto.
+
+Wed Jun  8 16:03:09 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/smtp.rb (getok, get_response): raise an ArgumentError when
+	  CR or LF is included in a line, because they are not allowed in
+	  RFC5321.  Thanks, Jeremy Daer.
+
+Tue Jun  7 21:27:25 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* test/rubygems/*_{cert,cert_32}.pem: Regenerate test certificates for
+	  OpenSSL 1.1.0. This is already in upstream.
+	  https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/commit/9be5c53939440a61c4bba73cfffbeb5cfadf72be
+	  [ruby-core:75225] [Feature #12324]
+
+Tue Jun  7 21:27:17 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* test/open-uri/test_ssl.rb: Regenerate test certificates. The test CA
+	  certificate was incorrectly generated. A CA certificate must have the
+	  basic constraints extension with cA bit set to TRUE. OpenSSL <= 1.0.2
+	  allowed the error when the certificate is in the trusted store but
+	  OpenSSL 1.1.0 no longer does.
+	  [ruby-core:75225] [Feature #12324]
+
+Tue Jun  7 21:20:38 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_x509name.rb: Don't register OID for 'emailAddress'
+	  and 'serialNumber'. A recent change in OpenSSL made OBJ_create()
+	  reject an already existing OID. They were needed to run tests with
+	  OpenSSL 0.9.6 which is now unsupported.
+	  https://git.openssl.org/gitweb/?p=openssl.git;a=commit;h=52832e470f5fe8c222249ae5b539aeb3c74cdb25
+	  [ruby-core:75225] [Feature #12324]
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb (test_server_session): Duplicate
+	  SSL::Session before re-adding to the session store. OpenSSL 1.1.0
+	  starts rejecting SSL_SESSION once removed by SSL_CTX_remove_session().
+	  https://git.openssl.org/gitweb/?p=openssl.git;a=commit;h=7c2d4fee2547650102cd16d23f8125b76112ae75
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_ec.rb (setup): Remove X25519 from @keys. X25519
+	  is new in OpenSSL 1.1.0 but this is for key agreement and not for
+	  signing.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pair.rb, test/openssl/test_ssl.rb,
+	  test/openssl/utils.rb: Set security level to 0 when using aNULL cipher
+	  suites.
+
+	* test/openssl/utils.rb: Use 1024 bits DSA key for client certificates.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_engine.rb: Run each test in separate process.
+	  We can no longer cleanup engines explicitly as ENGINE_cleanup() was
+	  removed.
+	  https://git.openssl.org/gitweb/?p=openssl.git;a=commit;h=6d4fb1d59e61aacefa25edc4fe5acfe1ac93f743
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_engine.c (ossl_engine_s_cleanup): Add a note to the
+	  RDoc for Engine.cleanup.
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/digest.rb: Don't define constants for DSS,
+	  DSS1 and SHA(-0) when using with OpenSSL 1.1.0. They are removed.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_digest.rb, test/openssl/test_pkey_dsa.rb,
+	  test/openssl/test_pkey_dsa.rb, test/openssl/test_ssl.rb,
+	  test/openssl/test_x509cert.rb, test/openssl/test_x509req.rb: Don't
+	  test unsupported hash functions.
+
+Tue Jun  7 17:49:52 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive: Change test for encodings
+	  without any non-ASCII case conversions from ASCII-only test
+	  to full test.
+
+Tue Jun  7 17:18:39 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_upcase_bang, rb_str_capitalize_bang,
+	  rb_str_swapcase_bang): Switch to use primitive.
+
+Tue Jun  7 16:44:16 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_downcase_bang): Switch to use primitive except if
+	  conversion can be done ASCII-only.
+
+Tue Jun  7 16:13:36 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive: Add regression tests for
+	  current ASCII-only case conversion.
+
+Tue Jun  7 15:28:38 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive: Fix method name
+	  (generate_casefold_tests -> generate_case_mapping_tests).
+
+Tue Jun  7 15:05:13 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* regenc.h/c: Rename onigenc_not_support_case_map to
+	  onigenc_ascii_only_case_map.
+
+	* regenc.h: Add definition of onigenc_single_byte_ascii_only_case_map.
+
+	* enc/iso_8859_X.c, windows_125X.c, ascii.c, us-ascii.c, koi8_x.c:
+	  Replace onigenc_not_support_case_map by
+	  onigenc_single_byte_ascii_only_case_map.
+
+	* enc/big5.c, cp949.c, emacs_mule.c, euc_X.c, gbX.c, shift_jis.c,
+	  windows_31j.c: Replace onigenc_not_support_case_map by
+	  onigenc_ascii_only_case_map.
+
+Tue Jun  7 14:57:09 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: Check for SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version()
+	  macro added in OpenSSL 1.1.0. Version-specific methods, such as
+	  TLSv1_method(), are deprecated in OpenSSL 1.1.0. We need to use
+	  version-flexible methods (TLS_*method() or SSLv23_*method()) and
+	  disable other protocol versions as necessary.
+	  [ruby-core:75225] [Feature #12324]
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: Use SSL_CTX_set_{min,max}_proto_version() to
+	  fix the protocol version.
+
+Tue Jun  7 12:55:34 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* regenc.c (onigenc_not_support_case_map): Move to end of file;
+	  (onigenc_single_byte_ascii_only_case_map): Add new function.
+
+Tue Jun  7 09:26:37 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* regenc.c (onigenc_not_support_case_map): Rewrite to work correctly
+	  in ASCII range.
+
+Mon Jun  6 23:00:00 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* appveyor.yml: Update libressl version to 2.3.5.
+
+Mon Jun  6 18:37:57 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_throw_start): check if the iseq is symbol
+	  proc, class definition should not be a symbol proc.
+	  [ruby-core:75856] [Bug #12462]
+
+Mon Jun  6 18:36:34 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c: Added UTF-16BE/LE and UTF-32BE/LE to supported encodings
+	  for Unicode case mapping.
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb: Tests for above
+	  functionality; fixed an encoding issue in assertion error message.
+
+Mon Jun  6 17:29:35 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb: Speed up testing for small
+	  encodings by preselecting codepoints.
+
+Mon Jun  6 17:10:50 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c (ossl_cipher_free): Use EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free()
+	  to free EVP_CIPHER_CTX allocated by EVP_CIPHER_CTX_new().
+	  [ruby-core:75225] [Feature #12324]
+
+Mon Jun  6 13:37:08 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c Change rb_str_casemap to use encoding primitive
+	  case_map instead of directly calling onigenc_unicode_case_map.
+
+Mon Jun  6 13:16:46 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb:
+	  Remove :lithuanian guard for Unicode case mapping.
+
+Mon Jun  6 10:39:56 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h: Include ruby/config.h. r55285 added
+	  some inline functions but VC does not recognize 'inline' keyword.
+
+Mon Jun  6 09:25:34 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_start_func_2): report raised exception if
+	  report_on_exception flag is set.  [Feature #6647]
+
+Mon Jun  6 01:36:24 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: Check existence of SSL_is_server(). This
+	  function was introduced in OpenSSL 1.0.2.
+	  [ruby-core:75225] [Feature #12324]
+
+	* ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h: Implement SSL_is_server() if missing.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ssl_info_cb): Use SSL_is_server() to see if
+	  the SSL is server. The state machine in OpenSSL was rewritten and
+	  SSL_get_state() no longer returns SSL_ST_ACCEPT.
+
+	  (ossl_ssl_cipher_to_ary, ossl_sslctx_session_get_cb): Add some
+	  `const`s to suppress warning.
+
+Mon Jun  6 01:18:10 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (decode_bool): Do the same thing as
+	  d2i_ASN1_BOOLEAN() does by ourselves. This function is removed in
+	  OpenSSL 1.1.0.
+	  [ruby-core:75225] [Feature #12324]
+
+Mon Jun  6 00:34:16 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: Check existence of accessor functions that
+	  don't exist in OpenSSL 0.9.8. OpenSSL 1.1.0 made most of its
+	  structures opaque and requires use of these accessor functions.
+	  [ruby-core:75225] [Feature #12324]
+
+	* ext/openssl/openssl_missing.[ch]: Implement them if missing.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl*.c: Use these accessor functions.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_hmac.rb: Add missing test for HMAC#reset.
+
+Mon Jun  6 00:00:13 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/openssl_missing.[ch]: Implement EVP_PKEY_get0_*() and
+	  {RSA,DSA,EC_KEY,DH}_get0_*() functions.
+	  OpenSSL 1.1.0 makes EVP_PKEY/RSA/DSA/DH opaque. We used to provide
+	  setter methods for each parameter of each PKey type, for example
+	  PKey::RSA#e=, but this is no longer possible because the new API
+	  RSA_set0_key() requires the 'n' at the same time. This commit adds
+	  deprecation warning to them and adds PKey::*#set_* methods as direct
+	  wrapper for those new APIs. For example, 'rsa.e = 3' now needs to be
+	  rewritten as 'rsa.set_key(rsa.n, 3, rsa.d)'.
+	  [ruby-core:75225] [Feature #12324]
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey*.[ch]: Use the new accessor functions. Implement
+	  RSA#set_{key,factors,crt_params}, DSA#set_{key,pqg}, DH#set_{key,pqg}.
+	  Emit a warning with rb_warning() when old setter methods are used.
+
+	* test/drb/ut_array_drbssl.rb, test/drb/ut_drb_drbssl.rb,
+	  test/rubygems/test_gem_remote_fetcher.rb: Don't set a priv_key for DH
+	  object that are used in tmp_dh_callback. Generating a new key pair
+	  every time should be fine - actually the private exponent is ignored
+	  in OpenSSL >= 1.0.2f/1.0.1r even if we explicitly set.
+	  https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20160128.txt
+
+Sun Jun  5 22:06:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* configure.in: Fix the timing to detect the appropriate C++ compiler
+	  in OS X.
+
+Sun Jun  5 21:42:24 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: Check absence of CRYPTO_lock() to see if the
+	  OpenSSL has the new threading API. In OpenSSL <= 1.0.2, an application
+	  had to set locking callbacks to use OpenSSL in a multi-threaded
+	  environment. OpenSSL 1.1.0 now finds pthreads or Windows threads so we
+	  don't need to do something special.
+	  [ruby-core:75225] [Feature #12324]
+
+	  Also check existence of *_up_ref(). Some structures in OpenSSL have
+	  a reference counter. We used to increment it with CRYPTO_add() which
+	  is a part of the old API.
+
+	* ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h: Implement *_up_ref() if missing.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c: Don't set locking callbacks if unneeded.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c, ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c,
+	  ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c, ext/openssl/ossl_x509crl.c,
+	  ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c: Use *_up_ref() instead of CRYPTO_add().
+
+Sun Jun  5 21:38:13 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: Check if RAND_pseudo_bytes() is usable. It is
+	  marked as deprecated in OpenSSL 1.1.0.
+	  [ruby-core:75225] [Feature #12324]
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c: Disable Random.pseudo_bytes if
+	  RAND_pseudo_bytes() is unavailable.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_random.rb: Don't test Random.pseudo_bytes if not
+	  defined.
+
+Sun Jun  5 19:06:40 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* NEWS: Add news about Unicode-wide case mapping for
+	  String/Symbol#upcase/downcase/swapcase/capitalize(!).
+
+Sun Jun  5 15:24:33 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb:
+	  Remove :lithuanian guard for Unicode case mapping.
+
+Sun Jun  5 14:46:34 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c: Remove :lithuanian guard for Unicode case mapping.
+
+Sat Jun  4 10:54:52 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* missing/crypt.h (struct crypt_data): remove unnecessary member
+	  "initialized".
+
+	* missing/crypt.c (des_setkey_r): nothing to be initialized in
+	  crypt_data.
+
+	* configure.in (struct crypt_data): check for "initialized" in
+	  struct crypt_data, which may be only in glibc, and isn't on AIX
+	  at least.
+
+Sat Jun  4 10:38:39 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c: unify MAX_PATH, _MAX_PATH, and MAXPATHLEN to
+	  PATH_MAX, except for MAX_PATH in get_special_folder for an API
+	  limit.
+
+Fri Jun  3 21:27:22 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (process_options): rb_str_conv_enc() never set encoding
+	  of the source string, but returns the string itself if the
+	  conversion failed.  then the instance variable does not need to
+	  be set again.
+
+Fri Jun  3 18:04:37 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (process_options): need to duplicate path before passing it to
+	  rb_str_conv_enc() because the function might call rb_enc_associate()
+	  internally.  this fixes test failures on Windows introduced at r55260.
+
+Fri Jun  3 17:44:25 2016  Reiner Herrmann  <reiner@reiner-h.de>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): sort lists of source and object
+	  files in generated Makefile, unless given by extconf.rb.
+	  [Fix GH-1367]
+
+Thu Jun  2 21:18:10 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (get_special_folder): use SHGetPathFromIDListEx if
+	  available instead of old SHGetPathFromIDListW, to check the
+	  buffer size.
+
+Thu Jun  2 17:05:19 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_init_loadpath_safe): remove MAXPATHLEN restriction
+	  for Windows 10.
+
+Thu Jun  2 16:51:35 2016  Koichi ITO  <koic.ito@gmail.com>
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-here-doc-beg-re),
+	  (ruby-here-doc-beg-match, ruby-parse-partial): Support for
+	  `squiggly heredoc' syntax in ruby-mode.  [Fix GH-1372]
+
+Thu Jun  2 10:24:48 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c: Raise ArgumentError when invalid string is detected in
+	  case mapping methods.
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Check for invalid string and signal with negative
+	  length value.
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: Add tests for above.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_m17n_comb.rb: Add a message to clarify test failure.
+
+Wed Jun  1 21:41:05 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: Check existence of ASN1_TIME_adj(). The old
+	  ASN1_TIME_set() is not Year 2038 ready on sizeof(time_t) == 4
+	  environment. This function was added in OpenSSL 1.0.0.
+	  [ruby-core:45552] [Bug #6571]
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (ossl_time_split): Added. Split the argument
+	  (Time) into the number of days elapsed since the epoch and the
+	  remainder seconds to conform to ASN1_TIME_adj().
+	  (obj_to_asn1utime, obj_to_asn1gtime): Use ossl_time_split() and
+	  ASN1_*TIME_adj().
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.h: Add the function prototype for
+	  ossl_time_split().
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509.[ch]: Add ossl_x509_time_adjust(). Similarly to
+	  obj_to_asn1*time(), use X509_time_adj_ex() instead of X509_time_adj().
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c, ext/openssl/ossl_x509crl.c,
+	  ext/openssl/ossl_x509revoked.c: Use ossl_x509_time_adjust().
+
+Wed Jun  1 15:58:20 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: revert r55237.  replace crypt, not crypt_r, and
+	  check if crypt is broken more.
+
+	* missing/crypt.c: move crypt_r.c
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_crypt): use crypt_r if provided by the system.
+
+Wed Jun  1 14:07:53 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* missing/crypt_r.c (a64toi): initialize statically and fix out of
+	  bounds access when salt is not 7bit clean.
+
+Wed Jun  1 11:34:59 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (MISSING): fixed build error introduced at r55237.
+
+Wed Jun  1 09:48:06 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_crypt): use reentrant crypt_r.
+
+Wed Jun  1 09:37:26 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* missing/crypt.c (des_setkey): void function never returns any value.
+
+Wed Jun  1 09:16:22 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* crypt.h: separate header file from missing/crypt.c.
+
+	* missing/crypt.c (crypt_r, setkey_r, encrypt_r): add reentrant
+	  versions.
+
+Wed Jun  1 02:25:38 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* missing/crypt.c: fix size macros to use configured values
+	  for platforms long is larger than 32bit.
+	  [ruby-core:75792] [Bug #12446]
+
+Tue May 31 17:28:46 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser::Completion.candidate): get rid of
+	  nil as key names.  [ruby-core:75773] [Bug #12438]
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser#make_switch): char class option
+	  cannot be NoArgument, default to RequiredArgument.
+
+Tue May 31 00:30:11 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (host_str, port_str): Use StringValueCStr
+	  instead of (Safe)StringValue, to detect NUL byte in the string.
+
+Mon May 30 22:02:01 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (time_to_time_t): Use NUM2TIMET() instead of
+	  NUM2LONG(). time_t may be larger than long.
+	  [ruby-core:45552] [Bug #6571]
+
+Mon May 30 21:15:37 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c: Document current behavior for other case mapping methods
+	  on String. [ci skip]
+
+Mon May 30 20:00:25 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c: Document current situation for String#downcase. [ci skip]
+
+Mon May 30 18:29:28 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_sslctx_s_alloc): Enable the automatic
+	  curve selection for ECDH by calling SSL_CTX_set_ecdh_auto(). With
+	  this a TLS server automatically selects a curve which both the client
+	  and the server support to use in ECDH. This changes the default
+	  behavior but users can still disable ECDH by excluding 'ECDH' cipher
+	  suites from the cipher list (with SSLContext#ciphers=). This commit
+	  also deprecate #tmp_ecdh_callback=. It was added in Ruby 2.3.0. It
+	  wraps SSL_CTX_set_tmp_ecdh_callback() which will be removed in OpenSSL
+	  1.1.0. Its callback receives two values 'is_export' and 'keylength'
+	  but both are completely useless for determining a curve to use in
+	  ECDH. The automatic curve selection was introduced to replace this.
+
+	  (ossl_sslctx_setup): Deprecate SSLContext#tmp_ecdh_callback=. Emit a
+	  warning if this is in use.
+
+	  (ossl_sslctx_set_ecdh_curves): Add SSLContext#ecdh_curves=. Wrap
+	  SSL_CTX_set1_curves_list(). If it is not available, this falls back
+	  to SSL_CTX_set_tmp_ecdh().
+
+	  (Init_ossl_ssl): Define SSLContext#ecdh_curves=.
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: Check the existence of EC_curve_nist2nid(),
+	  SSL_CTX_set1_curves_list(), SSL_CTX_set_ecdh_auto() and
+	  SSL_CTX_set_tmp_ecdh_callback().
+
+	* ext/openssl/openssl_missing.[ch]: Implement EC_curve_nist2nid() if
+	  missing.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pair.rb (test_ecdh_callback): Use
+	  EnvUtil.suppress_warning to suppress deprecated warning.
+
+	  (test_ecdh_curves): Test that SSLContext#ecdh_curves= works.
+
+	* test/openssl/utils.rb (start_server): Use SSLContext#ecdh_curves=.
+
+Mon May 30 16:28:53 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (host_str, port_str): use RSTRING_LEN
+	  instead of strlen, since RSTRING_PTR StringValueCStr may not be
+	  NUL-terminated when SHARABLE_MIDDLE_SUBSTRING=1.  reported by
+	  @tmtms, http://twitter.com/tmtms/status/736910516229005312
+
+Mon May 30 16:20:26 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (str_fill_term): return new pointer reallocated by
+	  filling terminator.
+
+Mon May 30 14:54:58 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (enc_subseq): share the return value and
+	  the buffer as possible.
+
+Mon May 30 14:50:25 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (str_substr, rb_str_aref): refactor not to create
+	  unnecessary empty string.
+
+	* string.c (str_byte_substr, str_byte_aref): ditto.
+
+Mon May 30 00:09:37 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/-test-/auto_ext.rb: fixed a heedless bug introduced at r55198.
+	  this change will make RubyCI green.
+
+Sun May 29 22:58:19 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regexec.c (ONIGENC_IS_MBC_ASCII_WORD): redefine optimized one.
+	  WORD of Ruby's ascii compatible encoding is always [a-zA-Z0-9_].
+
+Sun May 29 22:44:19 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regexec.c (match_at): make compilers optimize harder.
+
+Sun May 29 12:08:42 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/-test-/auto_ext.rb (auto_ext): utility method to create
+	  extension libraries for tests.
+
+Sat May 28 20:40:57 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-additional.el (ruby-insert-heredoc-code-block): insert
+	  here document code block for assert_separately mainly.
+
+Sat May 28 20:34:19 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/test_unicode_normalize.rb: Add test to check for availability of
+	  Unicode data file; refactoring; fix an error with tests for destructive
+	  method (unicode_normalize!).
+
+Sat May 28 19:08:36 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb: Add error messages to tests
+	  for data file availability; refactoring.
+
+Sat May 28 14:00:10 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (SSLSocket): Move the implementation of
+	  SSLSocket#initialize to C. Initialize the SSL (OpenSSL object) in it.
+	  Currently this is delayed until ossl_ssl_setup(), which is called from
+	  SSLSocket#accept or #connect. Say we call SSLSocket#hostname= with an
+	  illegal value. We expect an exception to be raised in #hostname= but
+	  actually we get it in the later SSLSocket#connect. Because the SSL is
+	  not ready at #hostname=, the actual call of SSL_set_tlsext_host_name()
+	  is also delayed.
+	  This also fixes: [ruby-dev:49376] [Bug #11724]
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_initialize): Added. Almost the same
+	  as the Ruby version but this instantiate the SSL object at the same
+	  time.
+
+	  (ossl_ssl_setup): Adjust to the changes. Just set the underlying IO to
+	  the SSL.
+
+	  (ssl_started): Added. Make use of SSL_get_fd(). This returns -1 if not
+	  yet set by SSL_set_fd().
+
+	  (ossl_ssl_data_get_struct): Removed. Now GetSSL() checks that the SSL
+	  exists.
+
+	  (ossl_ssl_set_session): Don't call ossl_ssl_setup() here as now the
+	  SSL is already instantiated in #initialize.
+
+	  (ossl_ssl_shutdown, ossl_start_ssl, ossl_ssl_read_internal,
+	   ossl_ssl_write_internal, ossl_ssl_stop, ossl_ssl_get_cert,
+	   ossl_ssl_get_peer_cert, ossl_ssl_get_peer_cert_chain,
+	   ossl_ssl_get_version, ossl_ssl_get_cipher, ossl_ssl_get_state,
+	   ossl_ssl_pending, ossl_ssl_session_reused,
+	   ossl_ssl_get_verify_result, ossl_ssl_get_client_ca_list,
+	   ossl_ssl_npn_protocol, ossl_ssl_alpn_protocol, ossl_ssl_tmp_key): Use
+	  GetSSL() instead of ossl_ssl_data_get_struct(). Use ssl_started().
+
+	  (Init_ossl_ssl): Add method declarations of SSLSocket#{initialize,
+	  hostname=}.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.h (GetSSL): Check that the SSL is not NULL. It
+	  should not be NULL because we now set it in #initialize.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c (ossl_ssl_session_initialize): No need
+	  to check if the SSL is NULL.
+
+Sat May 28 10:47:40 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: Update latest releases, power_assert-0.3.0,
+	  test-unit 3.1.9, minitest 5.9.0, did_you_mean 1.0.1
+
+Sat May 28 10:45:40 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c: drop support for ATARI ST platform. It was
+	  discontinued more than two decades ago. [fix GH-1350] Patch by
+	  @cremno
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: ditto.
+	* io.c: ditto.
+
+Sat May 28 10:39:47 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb: Converted exception for
+	  unavailable Unicode data files to failed assertion.
+
+Sat May 28 10:26:18 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/cgi/util.rb: added missing quote.
+	  [fix GH-1363][ci skip] Patch by @dwaller
+
+Fri May 27 17:38:49 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_local_constants_i): exclude hidden constants.
+	  [ruby-core:75575] [Bug #12389]
+
+Fri May 27 17:09:44 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* transcode.c (str_transcode0): scrub in the given encoding when
+	  the source encoding is given, not in the encoding of the
+	  receiver.  [ruby-core:75732] [Bug #12431]
+
+Fri May 27 15:07:32 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_scan_args): remove nul padding which
+	  caused syntax error if fmt is not a string literal.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_scan_args_verify): suppress array-bounds
+	  warnings by old clang.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_scan_args0): make extractor macros
+	  inline functions, which do not validate the format and are
+	  unnecessary to be expanded.
+
+Fri May 27 01:00:36 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* symbol.c (is_identchar): use ISDIGIT instead of rb_enc_isalnum.
+	  Though rb_enc_isalnum is encoding aware function, its argument here
+	  is *m, which is a single byte. Therefore ISDIGIT is faster.
+
+	* symbol.c (is_special_global_name): ditto.
+
+	* symbol.c (rb_enc_symname_type): ditto.
+
+Fri May 27 00:39:40 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_scan_args): add nul padding here to
+	  apply to all references.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_scan_args_verify): move length mismatch
+	  check outside conditional operators.
+
+Thu May 26 14:21:10 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c (ossl_dh_compute_key): Check that the DH
+	  has 'p' (the prime) before calling DH_size(). We can create a DH with
+	  no parameter but DH_size() does not check and dereferences NULL.
+	  [ruby-core:75720] [Bug #12428]
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c (ossl_dsa_sign): Ditto. DSA_size() does
+	  not check dsa->q.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c (ossl_rsa_public_encrypt,
+	  ossl_rsa_public_decrypt, ossl_rsa_private_encrypt,
+	  ossl_rsa_private_decrypt): Ditto. RSA_size() does not check rsa->n.
+
+Thu May 26 14:13:52 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_scan_args_count): verify length with
+	  counting variables together.
+
+Thu May 26 09:45:41 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_comprehensive.rb: Add set of comprehensive
+	  (across most Unicode characters; later across most character encodings)
+	  tests for case mapping.
+
+Thu May 26 05:00:13 2016  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* class.c (rb_define_class): Fix documentation.
+
+Wed May 25 20:50:12 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (unescape_nonascii): scan hex up to only 3 characters.
+	  [Bug #12420] [Bug #12423]
+
+Wed May 25 19:07:19 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Handle DOTLESS_i by hand because it isn't involved in folding.
+
+Wed May 25 18:30:53 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regparse.c (fetch_token_in_cc): raise error if given octal escaped
+	  character is too big. [Bug #12420] [Bug #12423]
+
+Wed May 25 17:45:15 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl, test/openssl: Drop OpenSSL < 0.9.8 support.
+
+Wed May 25 17:43:30 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h, ext/openssl/ossl.h: Remove
+	  unnecessary 'extern "C"' blocks. We don't use C++ and these headers
+	  are local to ext/openssl, so there is no need to enclose with it.
+
+Wed May 25 17:42:58 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: Remove check of OPENSSL_FIPS macro. This is
+	  unneeded because we can check the macro directly in source code,
+	  just as we already do for OPENSSL_NO_* macros.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c: Replace occurrences of HAVE_OPENSSL_FIPS with
+	  OPENSSL_FIPS.
+
+Wed May 25 17:13:35 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (rb_scan_args): merge code for n_trail.
+
+Wed May 25 17:11:34 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_scan_args_validate): move failed
+	  condition to the terminal.  [ruby-core:75714] [Bug #12426]
+
+Wed May 25 13:13:37 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regcomp.c: remove condition for debug output because prelude
+	  doesn't use regexp now.
+
+Wed May 25 13:10:30 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regcomp.c (compile_length_tree): return error code immediately
+	  if compile_length_tree raised error [Bug #12418]
+
+Wed May 25 08:01:39 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Fix flag error for switch from titlecase to lowercase.
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: Tests for above error.
+
+Wed May 25 01:13:55 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c (ec_key_new_from_group): Create a new
+	  EC_KEY on given EC group. Extracted from ossl_ec_key_initialize().
+	  (ossl_ec_key_s_generate): Added. Create a new EC instance and
+	  generate a random private and public key.
+	  (ossl_ec_key_initialize): Use ec_key_new_from_group().
+	  (Init_ossl_ec): Define the new method EC.generate. This change is
+	  for consistency with other PKey types.  [ruby-core:45541] [Bug #6567]
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_ec.rb: Test that EC.generate works.
+
+Wed May 25 00:37:16 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c (ossl_ec_key_generate_key): Fix up RDoc.
+	  (Init_ossl_ec): Rename EC#generate_key to EC#generate_key!. Make the
+	  old name an alias of #generate_key!. This change is for consistency
+	  with other PKey types.  [ruby-core:45541] [Bug #6567]
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_ec.rb: Use EC#generate_key! instead of
+	  EC#generate_key.
+
+Wed May 25 00:23:05 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_scan_args_set): check the arity after
+	  adjusting argc for an option hash, for optimization in simpler
+	  cases.
+
+Wed May 25 00:21:52 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (XCFLAGS): merge flags only for ruby itself from
+	  ruby_cflags.
+
+Tue May 24 22:04:15 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c (ossl_cipher_set_key, ossl_cipher_set_iv):
+	  Reject too long values as well as too short ones. Currently they
+	  just truncate the input but this would hide bugs and lead to
+	  unexpected encryption/decryption results.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_cipher.rb: Test that Cipher#key= and #iv= reject
+	  Strings with invalid length.
+
+Tue May 24 21:32:21 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509ext.c (ossl_x509ext_set_value): Use
+	  ASN1_OCTET_STRING_set() instead of M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_set(). Macros
+	  prefixed by "M_" are discouraged to be used from outside OpenSSL
+	  library[1].
+	  (ossl_x509ext_get_value): Likewise, use ASN1_STRING_print() instead
+	  of M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_print().
+	  [1] https://git.openssl.org/gitweb/?p=openssl.git;a=blob;f=CHANGES;h=bf61913d7b01212b4d8b2f3c13d71d645914f67c;hb=b6079a7835f61daa9fb2cbf9addfa86049523933#l878
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.h: Include openssl/asn1.h instead of
+	  openssl/asn1_mac.h. It just includes openssl/asn1.h and defines some
+	  additional "M_" macros.
+
+Tue May 24 18:52:11 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_scan_args_verify): verify the format to
+	  scan if no invalid chars and variable argument length matching,
+	  at the compile time if possible.
+
+Tue May 24 17:18:46 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/defines.h (ERRORFUNC, WARNINGFUNC): add fallback
+	  definitions.
+
+Tue May 24 16:37:43 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (ruby_cflags): separate from optflags [Bug #12409]
+	  -fexcess-precision=standard and -fp-model precise are set to this now.
+
+	* configure.in (cflags): use ruby_cflags.
+
+Tue May 24 16:20:53 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (ERRORFUNC, WARNINGFUNC): __error__ and __warning__
+	  attributes take a parenthesized string literal.
+
+Tue May 24 12:35:56 2016  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk: sort lines, and add missing dependencies suggested
+	  by tool/update-deps
+
+Mon May 23 21:33:36 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/missing.h (isfinite): move from numeric.c.
+
+Mon May 23 21:09:06 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c (Init_openssl): Avoid reference to unset global
+	  variable. ossl_raise() may be called before dOSSL is set. Since
+	  global variables default to 0 and the default value of dOSSL set in
+	  Init_openssl() is also Qfalse, there is no real issue but confusing.
+	  Patch by Bertram Scharpf <software@bertram-scharpf.de>
+	  [ruby-core:58264] [Bug #9101]
+
+Mon May 23 20:32:16 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c, ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c,
+	  ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c, ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c
+	  ext/openssl/ossl_engine.c, ext/openssl/ossl_ns_spki.c
+	  ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12.c, ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c
+	  ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c, ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c
+	  ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c, ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c
+	  ext/openssl/ossl_x509attr.c, ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c
+	  ext/openssl/ossl_x509ext.c, ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c: Use
+	  StringValueCStr() where NUL-terminated string is expected.
+
+Mon May 23 20:20:12 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (isfinite): get rid of a warning on
+	  cygwin. [Bug #12417][ruby-core:75691]
+
+Mon May 23 19:41:27 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c (ossl_rand_egd, ossl_rand_egd_bytes):
+	  RAND_egd{_bytes,}() return -1 on failure, not 0.
+	  Patch by cremno phobia <cremno@mail.ru>
+	  [ruby-core:63795] [Bug #10053]
+	  (ossl_pseudo_bytes): Similar, RAND_pseudo_bytes() may return 0 or
+	  -1 on failure.
+
+Mon May 23 15:52:07 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (isfinite): isfinite does not always
+	  exist.  fixed build error on Windows introduced at r55123.
+
+Mon May 23 13:19:41 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_scan_args0): make compile error if the
+	  format is wrong or does not match with the variable argument
+	  length if possible.
+
+Mon May 23 12:47:09 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_scan_args0): raise fatal error if
+	  variable argument length does not match, it is a bug in the code
+	  which uses rb_scan_args, not a runtime error.
+
+Mon May 23 12:30:29 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (GetVpValueWithPrec): consider
+	  non-finite float values not to raise FloatDomainError.
+	  [ruby-core:75682] [Bug #12414]
+
+Mon May 23 12:21:18 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_fill): suppress warnings: 'item' may be used
+	  uninitialized in this function
+
+Mon May 23 07:41:49 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* dir.c (dir_close): update RDoc for 2.3 #close change
+	  [ruby-core:75679] [Bug #12413]
+
+Sun May 22 20:01:21 2016  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
+
+	* lib/drb/timeridconv.rb: use finalizer trick instead of thread.
+
+	* test/drb/ut_timerholder.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun May 22 17:25:18 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_options.rb: adjust test class name
+	  to match file name
+
+Sun May 22 17:24:07 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* rename test/ruby/enc/test_casing_options.rb to test_case_options.rb
+	  for consistency
+
+Sun May 22 17:06:55 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* transcode.c (enc_arg, str_transcode_enc_args, econv_args):
+	  remove volatile, and add GC guards in callers.
+	  [ruby-core:75664] [Bug #12411]
+
+Sun May 22 16:27:00 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/-test-/integer/core_ext.c: move testutil/integer.c.
+
+	* test/lib/-test-/integer.rb: extract implementation details from
+	  test/unit/assertions.rb.  [Bug #12408]
+
+Sun May 22 14:57:43 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* include/ruby/oniguruma.h: Extend OnigEncodingTypeDefine to define a
+	  new encoding primitive 'case_map' for case mapping
+
+	* enc/utf-8.c, utf_16be/le.c, utf_32be/le.c:
+	  add onigenc_unicode_case_map as case_map primitive
+
+	* enc/ascii.c, big5.c, cp949.c, emacs_mule.c, euc_jp/kr/tw.c, gb18030.c,
+	  gbk.c, iso_8859_1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/13/14/15/16.c, koi8_r/u.c,
+	  shift_jis.c, us_ascii.c, windows_1250/1251/1252.c:
+	  add onigenc_not_support_case_map as case_map primitive
+
+Sun May 22 14:45:45 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* regenc.h/c: Define new function onigenc_not_support_case_map
+
+Sun May 22 12:14:06 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_scan_args): use original rb_scan_args
+	  when fmt is dynamic.
+
+Sun May 22 11:41:12 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (rb_scan_args): moved to bottom of the file to make the
+	  effect of `#undef rb_scan_args` the minimum.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_scan_args): overwrite only if GCC and
+	  optimized. Visual C++ 14 or later can compile it but make it
+	  conservative.
+
+Sat May 21 22:45:50 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_scan_args): don't use ALWAYS_INLINE with
+	  `inline`.  if gcc needs this duplication, do in ALWAYS_INLINE macro.
+
+Sat May 21 21:11:56 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_scan_args): use __VA_ARGS__ instead of
+	  va_arg to allow compilers optimize more aggressive.
+	  https://gustedt.wordpress.com/2011/07/10/avoid-writing-va_arg-functions/
+	  rb_scan_args is now expected to be statically resolved.
+
+Sun May 22 02:41:52 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c: remove hacky macro introduced at r30437.
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (gzfile_make_header): cast as long (instead of int).
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (gzfile_make_footer): ditto.
+
+Sat May 21 21:07:18 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (ALWAYS_INLINE): force compilers the function inlined.
+
+Sat May 21 16:16:03 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_stop): Don't free the SSL struct
+	  here. Since some methods such as SSLSocket#connect releases GVL,
+	  there is a chance of use after free if we free the SSL from another
+	  thread. SSLSocket#stop was documented as "prepares it for another
+	  connection" so this is a slightly incompatible change. However when
+	  this sentence was added (r30090, Add toplevel documentation for
+	  OpenSSL, 2010-12-06), it didn't actually. The current behavior is
+	  from r40304 (Correct shutdown behavior w.r.t GC., 2013-04-15).
+	  [ruby-core:74978] [Bug #12292]
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (sysclose): Update doc.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Test this.
+
+Sat May 21 14:41:14 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c: [DOC] Fix SSL client example. The variable name
+	  was wrong. Patch by Andreas Tiefenthaler <at@an-ti.eu> (@pxlpnk).
+	  [GH ruby/openssl#32]
+
+Sat May 21 14:25:38 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c: rename PKey::EC#private_key? and
+	  #public_key? to #private? and #public? for consistency with other
+	  PKey types. Old names remain as alias.  [ruby-core:45541] [Bug #6567]
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_ec.rb (test_check_key): check private? and
+	  public? works correctly.
+
+Sat May 21 12:40:36 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/buffering.rb (read_nonblock, readpartial):
+	  Remove impossible EOFError raise. Patch by Zach Anker
+	  <zanker@squareup.com>.  [GH ruby/openssl#23]
+
+Sat May 21 11:18:42 2016  Evgeni Golov  <evgeni@golov.de>
+
+	* lib/ipaddr.rb: [DOC] fix documentation of IN6MASK to mention
+	  IPv6.  [Fix GH-1349]
+
+Sat May 21 11:12:53 2016  Dan Martinez  <dfm@razorwind.org>
+
+	* io.c (Init_IO): [DOC] define dummy ARGF instead of ARGF.class to
+	  re-enable the generation of ARGF documentation.  [Fix GH-1358]
+
+Sat May 21 11:07:29 2016  0x01f7  <souk.0x01f7@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc (Method Names): add proper closing tag.
+	  [Fix GH-1356]
+
+Sat May 21 09:26:28 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_CHECK_SETJMP): fix missing macro definition
+	  for the configured result.  fix up r55021.
+
+Sat May 21 00:36:32 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (rb_execarg_commandline): build command line string
+	  from argument vector in rb_execarg.
+	  [ruby-core:75611] [Bug #12398]
+
+Fri May 20 23:25:42 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c (ossl_pem_passwd_value): Added. Convert the
+	  argument to String with StringValue() and validate the length is in
+	  4..PEM_BUFSIZE. PEM_BUFSIZE is a macro defined in OpenSSL headers.
+	  (ossl_pem_passwd_cb): When reading/writing encrypted PEM format, we
+	  used to pass the password to PEM_def_callback() directly but it was
+	  problematic. It is not NUL character safe. And surprisingly, it
+	  silently truncates the password to 1024 bytes.  [GH ruby/openssl#51]
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.h: Add function prototype declaration of newly
+	  added ossl_pem_passwd_value().
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c (ossl_pkey_new_from_data): Use
+	  ossl_pem_passwd_value() to validate the password String.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c (ossl_dsa_initialize, ossl_dsa_export):
+	  ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c (ossl_ec_key_initialize,
+	  ossl_ec_key_to_string): ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c (ossl_rsa_initialize, ossl_rsa_export):
+	  ditto.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_{dsa,ec,rsa}.rb: test this.
+
+Fri May 20 23:45:53 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* id_table.c (list_id_table_init): When unaligned word access is
+	  prohibited and sizeof(VALUE) is 8 (64-bit machines),
+	  capa should always be even number for 8-byte word alignment
+	  of the values of a table. This code assumes that sizeof(ID) is 4,
+	  sizeof(VALUE) is 8, and xmalloc() returns 8-byte aligned memory.
+	  This fixes bus error on 64-bit SPARC Solaris 10.
+	  [Bug #12406][ruby-dev:49631]
+
+Fri May 20 22:30:09 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* symbol.h (rb_id2sym): Use HAVE_BUILTIN___BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P
+
+Fri May 20 22:19:00 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: [DOC] fix typos.
+	  [fix GH-1360] patched by @soundasleep
+
+Fri May 20 21:26:58 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/defines.h (RB_GNUC_EXTENSION, RB_GNUC_EXTENSION_BLOCK):
+	  macros for skipping __extension__ on non-GCC compilers.
+	* eval_error.c (warn_print): use RB_GNUC_EXTENSION_BLOCK instead of
+	  __extension__ because __extension__ is a GNU extension.
+	  Fix compile error on Solaris 10 with Oracle Solaris Studio 12.x.
+	  [Bug #12397] [ruby-dev:49629].
+	* internal.h (rb_fstring_cstr, rb_fstring_enc_cstr): ditto
+	* include/ruby/encoding.h (rb_enc_str_new, rb_enc_str_new_cstr): ditto
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_str_new, rb_str_new_cstr,
+	  rb_usascii_str_new, rb_utf8_str_new, rb_tainted_str_new_cstr,
+	  rb_usascii_str_new_cstr, rb_utf8_str_new_cstr,
+	  rb_external_str_new_cstr, rb_locale_str_new_cstr,
+	  rb_str_buf_new_cstr, rb_str_cat_cstr, rb_exc_new_cstr): ditto
+
+Fri May 20 21:17:13 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (fole_missing): make substring or dup to
+	  share the content if possible.
+
+Fri May 20 19:48:48 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h (NEW_PARTIAL_MEMO_FOR): shrink buffer array not to
+	  mark non-VALUE fields.  fix check_rvalue_consistency abort with
+	  RGENGC_CHECK_MODE=2.
+
+	* internal.h (NEW_CMP_OPT_MEMO): exclude struct cmp_opt_data from
+	  the valid array range.
+
+	* enum.c (slicewhen_i): exclude inverted too.
+
+Thu May 19 21:21:57 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_match_m_p): [DOC] fix return value in rdoc.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb (TestRegexp#test_match_p): add some
+	  tests from document.
+
+Thu May 19 13:22:44 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c (Init_openssl): register an ex_data index for
+	  X509_STORE and X509_STORE_CTX respectively. Since they don't share
+	  the ex_data index registry, we can't use the same index.
+	  (ossl_verify_cb): use the correct index.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_verify_callback): ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c (ossl_x509store_set_vfy_cb): ditto.
+	  (ossl_x509stctx_verify): ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.h (void ossl_clear_error): add extern declarations
+	  of ossl_store_{ctx_,}ex_verify_cb_idx.
+
+	* ext/openssl/openssl_missing.c: remove X509_STORE_set_ex_data and
+	  X509_STORE_get_ex_data.
+
+	* ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h: implement X509_STORE_get_ex_data,
+	  X509_STORE_set_ex_data and X509_STORE_get_ex_new_index as macros.
+
+Thu May 19 13:11:35 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509attr.c (ossl_x509attr_set_value): check that the
+	  argument is an OpenSSL::ASN1::Data before converting to ASN1_TYPE.
+	  This fixes SEGV on OpenSSL::X509::Attribute#value=(non-asn1-value).
+
+	* test/openssl/test_x509attr.rb: add tests for OpenSSL::X509::Attribute.
+
+Thu May 19 12:10:10 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_match_m_p): fix match against empty string.
+	  rb_str_offset returns the end when the position exceeds the
+	  length.  fix the range parameter of onig_search.
+	  [ruby-core:75604] [Bug #12394]
+
+Thu May 19 11:37:36 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_match_m_p): should return false if no match, as the
+	  document says.  [Feature #8110]
+
+Thu May 19 00:17:01 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (reg_names_iter): specify capacify
+
+Wed May 18 21:29:59 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (recursive_list_access): a object id may be a Bignum.  so,
+	  the list must be a objhash, instead of a identhash.
+	  this fixes many test errors on mswin64 CI.
+
+Wed May 18 19:33:54 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_match_m_p): Introduce Regexp#match?, which returns
+	  bool and doesn't save backref.
+
+Wed May 18 16:52:03 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12.c (ossl_pkcs12_initialize): pop errors
+	  leaked by PKCS12_parse(). This is a bug in OpenSSL, which exists
+	  in the versions before the version 1.0.0t, 1.0.1p, 1.0.2d.
+
+Wed May 18 16:04:54 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb (Downloader::RubyGems.download): verify gems
+	  only if RubyGems is 2.4 or later.  old RubyGems fails to verify
+	  almost all of bundled gems.
+
+Wed May 18 14:52:38 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_modify_expand): check integer overflow.
+	  [ruby-core:75592] [Bug #12390]
+
+Wed May 18 13:11:44 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (match_ary_subseq): get subseq of match array without creating
+	  temporary array.
+
+	* re.c (match_ary_aref): get element(s) of match array without creating
+	  temporary array.
+
+	* re.c (match_aref): Use match_ary_subseq with handling irregulars.
+
+	* re.c (match_values_at): Use match_ary_aref.
+
+Wed May 18 13:03:07 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c (ossl_x509_verify): X509_verify()
+	  family may put errors on 0 return (0 means verification failure).
+	  Clear OpenSSL error queue before return to Ruby. Since the queue is
+	  thread global, remaining errors in the queue can cause an unexpected
+	  error in the next OpenSSL operation.  [ruby-core:48284] [Bug #7215]
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509crl.c (ossl_x509crl_verify): ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509req.c (ossl_x509req_verify): ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c (ossl_x509stctx_verify): ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c (dh_generate): clear the OpenSSL error
+	  queue before re-raising exception.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c (dsa_generate): ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c (rsa_generate): ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_start_ssl): ditto.
+
+	* test/openssl: check that OpenSSL.errors is empty every time after
+	  running a test case.
+
+Wed May 18 12:07:42 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c (ossl_clear_error): Extracted from
+	  ossl_make_error(). This prints errors in the OpenSSL error queue if
+	  OpenSSL.debug is true, and clears the queue.
+	  (ossl_make_error): use ossl_clear_error().
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.h: add prototype declaration of ossl_make_error().
+	  (OSSL_BIO_reset) use ossl_clear_error() to clear the queue. Clearing
+	  silently makes debugging difficult.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_engine.c (ossl_engine_s_by_id): ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ns_spki.c (ossl_spki_initialize): ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c (ossl_pkcs7_verify): ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c (ossl_dsa_initialize): ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c (ossl_ec_key_initialize): ditto.
+	  (ossl_ec_group_initialize): ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_shutdown): ditto.
+
+Wed May 18 11:53:49 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c (ossl_ec_point_mul): Validate the
+	  arguments before passing to EC_POINT(s)_mul(). Add description of this
+	  method.  [ruby-core:65152] [Bug #10268]
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_ec.rb (test_ec_point_mul): Test that
+	  OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Point#mul works.
+
+Wed May 18 11:19:59 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c (try_convert_to_bnptr): Extracted from
+	  GetBNPtr(). This doesn't raise exception but returns NULL on error.
+	  (GetBNPtr): Raise TypeError if conversion fails.
+	  (ossl_bn_eq): Implement BN#==.
+	  (ossl_bn_eql): #eql? should not raise TypeError even if the argument
+	  is not compatible with BN.
+	  (ossl_bn_hash): Implement BN#hash.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c (Init_ossl_bn): Define #== and #hash.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_bn.rb: Test BN#eql?, #== and #hash
+
+Wed May 18 10:17:41 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P): new macro and
+	  underlying inline function to check if the object is an
+	  Integer (Fixnum or Bignum).
+
+Wed May 18 09:52:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_sum, hash_sum, hash_sum_i, enum_sum_i, sum_iter):
+	  Optimize for hashes when each method isn't redefined.
+
+Wed May 18 09:14:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_sum, int_range_sum): Extract int_range_sum from
+	  enum_sum.
+
+Wed May 18 03:16:06 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (match_values_at): fix regression at r55036.
+	  MatchData#values_at accepts Range.
+
+Wed May 18 02:02:58 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (match_aref): remove useless condition and call rb_fix2int.
+	  rb_reg_nth_match handles negative index.
+
+Wed May 18 01:57:43 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (match_values_at): MatchData#values_at supports named captures
+	  [Feature #9179]
+
+	* re.c (namev_to_backref_number): separated.
+
+Wed May 18 00:05:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_sum): Optimize for a range from int to int.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_enum.rb (test_range_sum): Move from test_range.rb,
+	  and add assertions for some conditions.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_enum.rb (test_hash_sum): Move from test_hash.rb.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_hash.rb, test/ruby/test_range.rb: Remove test_sum.
+
+Tue May 17 23:08:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_sum): [DOC] Write documentation.
+
+Tue May 17 22:53:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_sum): Implement Enumerable#sum.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_enum.rb (test_sum): Test sum for Enumerable.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_hash.rb (test_sum): Test sum for Hash.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_range.rb (test_sum): Test sum for Range.
+
+Tue May 17 22:11:41 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* object.c, numeric.c, enum.c, ext/-test-/bignum/mul.c,
+	  lib/rexml/quickpath.rb, lib/rexml/text.rb, lib/rexml/xpath_parser.rb,
+	  lib/rubygems/specification.rb, lib/uri/generic.rb,
+	  bootstraptest/test_eval.rb, basictest/test.rb,
+	  test/-ext-/bignum/test_big2str.rb, test/-ext-/bignum/test_div.rb,
+	  test/-ext-/bignum/test_mul.rb, test/-ext-/bignum/test_str2big.rb,
+	  test/csv/test_data_converters.rb, test/date/test_date.rb,
+	  test/json/test_json_generate.rb, test/minitest/test_minitest_mock.rb,
+	  test/openssl/test_cipher.rb, test/rexml/test_jaxen.rb,
+	  test/ruby/test_array.rb, test/ruby/test_basicinstructions.rb,
+	  test/ruby/test_bignum.rb, test/ruby/test_case.rb,
+	  test/ruby/test_class.rb, test/ruby/test_complex.rb,
+	  test/ruby/test_enum.rb, test/ruby/test_eval.rb,
+	  test/ruby/test_iseq.rb, test/ruby/test_literal.rb,
+	  test/ruby/test_math.rb, test/ruby/test_module.rb,
+	  test/ruby/test_numeric.rb, test/ruby/test_range.rb,
+	  test/ruby/test_rational.rb, test/ruby/test_refinement.rb,
+	  test/ruby/test_rubyvm.rb, test/ruby/test_struct.rb,
+	  test/ruby/test_variable.rb, test/rubygems/test_gem_specification.rb,
+	  test/thread/test_queue.rb: Use Integer instead of Fixnum and Bignum.
+
+Tue May 17 15:26:10 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* [Feature #12005] Unify Fixnum and Bignum into Integer
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_class_of): Return rb_cInteger for fixnums.
+
+	* insns.def (INTEGER_REDEFINED_OP_FLAG): Unified from
+	  FIXNUM_REDEFINED_OP_FLAG and BIGNUM_REDEFINED_OP_FLAG.
+
+	* vm_core.h: Ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (opt_eq_func): Use INTEGER_REDEFINED_OP_FLAG instead
+	  of FIXNUM_REDEFINED_OP_FLAG.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_redefinition_check_flag): Use rb_cInteger instead of
+	  rb_cFixnum and rb_cBignum.
+	  (C): Use Integer instead of Fixnum and Bignum.
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_succ): Removed.
+	  (Init_Numeric): Define Fixnum as Integer.
+
+	* bignum.c (bignew): Use rb_cInteger instead of rb_cBignum.
+	  (rb_int_coerce): replaced from rb_big_coerce and return fixnums
+	  as-is.
+	  (Init_Bignum): Define Bignum as Integer.
+	  Don't define ===.
+
+	* error.c (builtin_class_name): Return "Integer" for fixnums.
+
+	* sprintf.c (ruby__sfvextra): Use rb_cInteger instead of rb_cFixnum.
+
+	* ext/-test-/testutil: New directory to test.
+	  Currently it provides utilities for fixnum and bignum.
+
+	* ext/json/generator/generator.c: Define mInteger_to_json.
+
+	* lib/mathn.rb (Fixnum#/): Redefinition removed.
+
+Tue May 17 11:58:58 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_SETJMP): declare t as NORETURN
+	  to suppress warnings by -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn.
+	  [ruby-core:75510] [Bug #12383]
+
+Tue May 17 10:40:18 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_CHECK_SETJMP): needs the header and proper
+	  arguments for builtin setjmp functions.
+
+Mon May 16 20:00:30 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.h: Additional uses of ONIG_CASE_MAPPING compilation switch
+
+Mon May 16 19:46:33 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* include/ruby/oniguruma.h: Introducing ONIG_CASE_MAPPING compilation
+	  switch
+
+	* include/ruby/oniguruma.h, enc/unicode.h: Using ONIG_CASE_MAPPING
+	  compilation switch
+
+Mon May 16 19:29:31 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: Update xmlrpc-0.1.1. xmlrpc-0.1.0 didn't allow
+	  to install on 2.4.0dev.
+
+Mon May 16 13:28:59 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (FUNC_STDCALL, FUNC_CDECL, FUNC_FASTCALL): set
+	  macro names explicitly to the old names, which are accidentally
+	  changed at r54985, for backward compatibilities.
+	  fiddle also depends on these names to fallback to ANSI names.
+	  [ruby-core:75494] [Bug #12377]
+
+Mon May 16 11:39:02 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/xmlrpc.rb, lib/xmlrpc/*, test/xmlrpc: XMLRPC is bundled gem
+	  on Ruby 2.4. It is extracted to https://github.com/ruby/xmlrpc
+	  [Feature #12160][ruby-core:74239]
+	* gems/bundled_gems: ditto.
+
+Mon May 16 06:06:21 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* proc.c: fix RDoc of Proc#===/call/yield/[]
+	  [Bug #12332]
+
+Sun May 15 20:55:31 2016  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
+
+	* lib/drb/timeridconv.rb: don't use keeper thread. [Bug #12342]
+
+	* test/drb/ut_timerholder.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun May 15 16:15:25 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_entry): extract rb_ary_elt to organize if-conditions
+	  and check whether is embedded at once.
+
+Sun May 15 10:57:26 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_get_ev_const): warn deprecated constant even
+	  in the class context.  [ruby-core:75505] [Bug #12382]
+
+Sun May 15 03:13:01 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* iseq.h (struct iseq_compile_data): use struct rb_id_table
+	  instead of st_table.
+
+	* iseq.c (prepare_iseq_build): don't allocate ivar_cache_table
+	  until it has at least one element.
+
+	* iseq.c (compile_data_free): free ivar_cache_table only if it
+	  is allocated.
+
+	* compile.c (get_ivar_ic_value): allocate if the table is not
+	  allocated yet.
+
+Sat May 14 09:04:34 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (pkg_config): use xsystem consistently to set up
+	  library path environment variable as well as latter pkg-config
+	  calls.  [ruby-dev:49619] [Bug #12379]
+
+Sat May 14 00:16:54 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* random.c (make_seed_value): append leading-zero-guard and get
+	  rid of making a local copy of the seed.
+
+Fri May 13 08:46:42 2016  cremno  <cremno@mail.ru>
+
+	* NEWS: drop FreeBSD < 4 support.  [Fix GH-1339]
+	  The most recent version affected by this is 3.5 and was released
+	  in 2000.
+	  https://www.freebsd.org/releases/3.5R/announce.html
+	  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_FreeBSD#Version_history
+
+Fri May 13 03:12:09 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/defines.h (GCC_VERSION_SINCE): moved from internal.h.
+
+Fri May 13 03:11:20 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (__builtin_constant_p): check.
+
+	* internal.h: Use HAVE_BUILTIN___BUILTIN_CONSTANT_P
+
+Fri May 13 03:10:39 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: use alternative keyword
+	  to avoid macros conflicts with them.
+
+Thu May 12 01:54:08 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (try_func): get rid of conflict of declarations of
+	  main().  checking local symbol reference does not make sense.
+
+Thu May 12 00:18:19 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (HAVE_QSORT_S): use qsort_s only for Visual Studio
+	  2012 or later, because VS2010 seems to causes a SEGV in
+	  test/ruby/test_enum.rb.
+
+Wed May 11 23:59:47 2016  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_getivar): describe fast-path explicit
+	  (compiler friendly). [Bug #12274].
+
+Wed May 11 21:30:07 2016  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): share InlineCache during same
+	  instance variable accesses. Reducing memory consumption,
+	  rising cache hit rate and rising branch prediction hit rate
+	  are expected. A part of [Bug #12274].
+
+	* iseq.h (struct iseq_compile_data): introduce instance
+	  variable IC table for sharing.
+
+	* iseq.c (prepare_iseq_build, compile_data_free):
+	  construct/destruct above table.
+
+Wed May 11 17:18:53 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* util.c (ruby_qsort): use qsort_s if available, for Microsoft
+	  Visual Studio 2005 (msvcr80.dll) and mingw.
+
+Wed May 11 10:33:26 2016  Marcus Stollsteimer  <sto.mar@web.de>
+
+	* COPYING: Remove trailing-whitespaces.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1348]
+
+Tue May 10 21:05:45 2016  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* insns.def (defineclass): Also raise an error when redeclaring the
+	  superclass of a class as Object and it has another superclass.
+	  [Bug #12367] [ruby-core:75446]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_class.rb: test for above.
+
+Tue May 10 14:57:09 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* random.c (obj_random_bytes): base on bytes method instead of
+	  rand method, not to call toplevel rand method.
+
+Tue May 10 13:07:28 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (-fexcess-precision=standard): before r54895 -std=c99
+	  is specified and it implied -fexcess-precision=standard.
+	  Now with -std=gnu99, it should be explicitly specified.
+	  https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Optimize-Options.html
+
+Mon May  9 10:51:59 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_atfork_internal): move th to an argument.
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_atfork): do not repeat GET_THREAD().
+
+Mon May  9 10:46:36 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_atfork, rb_thread_atfork_before_exec): do
+	  nothing unless working fork is available.
+
+	* thread_sync.c (rb_mutex_abandon_all): define only if working
+	  fork is available.
+
+	* thread_sync.c (rb_mutex_abandon_keeping_mutexes): ditto.
+
+	* thread_sync.c (rb_mutex_abandon_locking_mutex): ditto.
+
+	* thread_win32.c (gvl_init): never used.
+
+Mon May  9 07:18:06 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/{defines,ruby}.h: need to define function attributes
+	  alternatives in defines.h instead of ruby.h, because they are used
+	  in oniguruma.h and the header used without including ruby.h at
+	  encoding library sources.
+
+Mon May  9 06:30:12 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (CONSTFUNC, PUREFUNC): fixed build errors on
+	  non-gcc build environments introduced at r54952.
+
+Mon May  9 02:51:51 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_gc_unprotect_logging): throw rb_memerror when it cannot
+	  allocate memory. This is pointed out by Facebook's Infer.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_prof_setup_new_record): ditto.
+
+	* regparse.c (parse_regexp): ditto.
+
+	* util.c (MALLOC): use xmalloc and xfree like above.
+
+Mon May  9 02:39:16 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: check function attribute const and pure,
+	  and define CONSTFUNC and PUREFUNC if available.
+	  Note that I don't add those options as default because
+	  it still shows many false-positive (it seems not to consider
+	  longjmp).
+
+	* vm_eval.c (stack_check): get rb_thread_t* as an argument
+	  to avoid duplicate call of GET_THREAD().
+
+Sun May  8 21:01:14 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: assume it doesn't have SSLv2 related
+	  functions when OPENSSL_NO_SSL2 is defined.
+	  Usually openssl's header and the library (libssl) have the same
+	  set of functions, but on some environment the library has functions
+	  whose headers doesn't declare. (openssl/opensslconf.h and libssl.so
+	  aren't be synchronized)
+	  To detect such case explicitly check feature macro and remove
+	  related functions.
+
+Sun May  8 18:51:33 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_home_dir_of): return the default home path if the
+	  user name is the current user name, on platforms where struct
+	  pwd is not supported.  a temporary measure against
+	  [Bug #12226].
+
+Sun May  8 08:51:38 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: add -Wsuggest-attribute=format and suppress warnings.
+
+Sun May  8 08:31:03 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: add -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn and suppress warnings.
+
+Sun May  8 08:19:16 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: add -Werror=implicit-int to avoid missing type of
+	  function declaration.
+
+Sat May  7 22:22:37 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/ssl.rb: Accept string value for SSLCertName. It is used
+	  to invoke ssl server with command line.
+	  [fix GH-1329] Patch by @kerlin
+	* test/webrick/test_ssl_server.rb: Added test for GH-1329
+
+Sat May  7 21:55:12 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/webrick/test_ssl_server.rb: Added basic test for `webrick/ssl`
+
+Sat May  7 16:22:13 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* random.c (int_pair_to_real_inclusive): optimize to multiply
+	  without Bignum.
+
+Sat May  7 07:58:02 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (rb_exec_getargs): honor the expected argument types
+	  over the conversion method.  the basic language functionality
+	  should be robust.  [ruby-core:75388] [Bug #12355]
+
+Fri May  6 08:16:26 2016  David Silva  <david.silva@digital.cabinet-office.gov.uk>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_find): [DOC] add more examples to the documentation
+	  of Enumerable#detect, to show that it equals to Enumerable#find.
+	  [Fix GH-1340]
+
+Thu May  5 18:08:31 2016  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_complexrational.rb: Remove duplicated raise.
+
+Thu May  5 14:41:05 2016  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_sub): Fix a special match variable name.
+	  [ci skip]
+
+Thu May  5 12:22:17 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_eval_cmd, rb_catch_obj): use TH_JUMP_TAG with the
+	  same rb_thread_t used for TH_PUSH_TAG, instead of JUMP_TAG with
+	  the current thread global variable.
+
+Thu May  5 10:49:33 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* random.c (fill_random_bytes_syscall): use arc4random_buf if
+	  available.
+
+Wed May  4 23:13:58 2016  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_plus): Remove rb_nucomp_add prototype
+	  declaration.
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_mul): Remove rb_nucomp_mul prototype
+	  declaration.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_nucomp_add, rb_nucomp_mul): add prototype
+	  declarations.
+
+Wed May  4 18:38:00 2016  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* lib/net/http/header.rb (Net::HTTPHeader#{each_header,each_name,
+	  each_capitalized_name,each_value,each_capitalized}): Return
+	  sized enumerators.
+
+	* test/net/http/test_httpheader.rb: add test for above.
+
+Wed May  4 17:53:15 2016  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* lib/set.rb (Set#{delete_if,keep_if,collect!,reject!,select!,classify,divide},
+	  SortedSet#{delete_if,keep_if}): Return sized enumerators.
+
+	* test/test_set.rb: add test for above.
+
+Tue May  3 23:25:48 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* numeric.c: [DOC] Update result of 123456789 ** -2.
+	  [ruby-dev:49606] [Bug #12339]
+
+Tue May  3 23:13:16 2016  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h (RCOMPLEX_SET_IMAG): undef RCOMPLEX_SET_IMAG
+	  instead of duplicated undef RCOMPLEX_SET_REAL.
+
+Tue May  3 22:55:07 2016  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* complex.c (rb_complex_set_imag): Fix to properly set imag
+	  of complex.
+
+Tue May  3 22:19:55 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (warnflags): use -std=gnu99 instead of
+	  -std=iso9899:1999. [Feature #12336]
+
+Tue May  3 22:10:09 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (count_utf8_lead_bytes_with_word): Use __builtin_popcount
+	  only if it can use SSE 4.2 POPCNT whose latency is 3 cycle.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_popcount64): use __builtin_popcountll because now
+	  it is in fast path.
+
+Tue May  3 14:19:18 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (new_if_gen): set newline flag to NODE_IF to trace all
+	  if/elsif statements.  [ruby-core:67720] [Bug #10763]
+
+Tue May  3 05:35:54 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* process.c (disable_child_handler_fork_child):
+	  initialize handler for SIGPIPE for !POSIX_SIGNAL
+
+Mon May  2 23:03:42 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c, include/ruby/win32.h (rb_w32_utruncate): implements new
+	  truncate alternative which accepts UTF-8 path.
+
+	* file.c (truncate): use above function.
+	  [Bug #12340]
+
+Mon May  2 20:59:21 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (str_coderange): to avoid function call when the string already
+	  has coderange information.
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_prepare_enc): add shortcut path when the regexp has
+	  the same encoding of given string.
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_prepare_re): avoid duplicated allocation of
+	  onig_errmsg_buffer.
+
+
+Mon May  2 12:34:52 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb (test_inspect): Use Integer instead of
+	  Fixnum.
+
+Mon May  2 06:58:38 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* complex.c: Don't refer rb_cFixnum and rb_cBignum.
+	  (k_fixnum_p): Use FIXNUM_P.
+	  (k_bignum_p): Use RB_TYPE_P.
+
+Mon May  2 01:27:59 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_numeric.rb (test_step): Use Integer::FIXNUM_MAX.
+
+Mon May  2 01:15:01 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb (test_name): Use Integer instead of Fixnum.
+
+Mon May  2 01:00:04 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit/assertions.rb (assert_fixnum): Defined.
+	  (assert_bignum): Defined.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_bignum.rb: Use assert_bignum.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_integer_comb.rb: Use assert_fixnum and assert_bignum.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb: Ditto.
+
+Mon May  2 00:41:53 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (recalc_remove_ruby_vm_event_flags): Add a cast to
+	  avoid signed integer overflow.
+
+Mon May  2 00:06:04 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/envutil.rb: Define Integer::{FIXNUM_MIN,FIXNUM_MAX}.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_bignum.rb: Use Integer::{FIXNUM_MIN,FIXNUM_MAX}.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_bignum.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_integer_comb.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_marshal.rb: Ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb: Ditto.
+
+Sun May  1 23:59:59 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_sum): fix for mathn
+
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb (test_sum): ditto.
+
+Sun May  1 23:51:54 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit.rb (Options#non_options): fixed wrong regexp.
+	  if both positives and negatives were specified, positives had to
+	  be specified from the beginning.
+
+Sun May  1 21:00:07 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c: drop Win2K support.
+
+Sun May  1 20:39:47 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cont.c, hash.c, random.c, win32/win32.c: cleanup some Win9x/ME/NT4
+	  support leftovers.
+	  [fix GH-1328] patched by @cremno
+
+Sun May  1 07:30:44 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (search_nonascii): use nlz on big endian environments.
+
+	* internal.h (nlz_intptr): defined.
+
+Sun May  1 00:03:30 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (__builtin_ctz): check.
+
+	* configure.in (__builtin_ctzll): check.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_popcount32): defined for ntz_int32.
+	  it can use __builtin_popcount but this function is not used on
+	  GCC environment because it uses __builtin_ctz.
+	  When another function uses this, using __builtin_popcount
+	  should be re-considered.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_popcount64): ditto.
+
+	* internal.h (ntz_int32): defined for ntz_intptr.
+
+	* internal.h (ntz_int64): defined for ntz_intptr.
+
+	* internal.h (ntz_intptr): defined as ntz for uintptr_t.
+
+	* string.c (search_nonascii): unroll and use ntz.
+
+Sat Apr 30 21:54:13 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (Init_Numeric): Gather Fixnum method definitions.
+
+Sat Apr 30 21:28:14 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_int_div): Define Integer#/.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_div): Don't define Bignum#/.
+
+	* lib/mathn.rb (Integer#/): Replace Integer#/ instead of Bignum#/.
+
+Sat Apr 30 21:11:08 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_int_plus): Define Integer#+.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_plus): Don't define Bignum#+.
+
+Sat Apr 30 21:01:20 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_int_minus): Define Integer#-.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_minus): Don't define Bignum#-.
+
+Sat Apr 30 20:53:33 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_int_mul): Define Integer#*.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_mul): Don't define Bignum#*.
+
+Sat Apr 30 20:30:44 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_int_modulo): Define Integer#%.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_modulo): Don't define Bignum#%.
+
+Sat Apr 30 20:17:08 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_equal): Define Integer#==.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_eq): Don't define Bignum#==.
+
+Sat Apr 30 19:41:15 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_gt): Define Integer#>.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_gt): Don't define Bignum#>.
+	  Renamed from big_gt.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_big_gt): Declared.
+
+Sat Apr 30 19:24:40 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_ge): Define Integer#>=.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_ge): Don't define Bignum#>=.
+	  Renamed from big_ge.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_big_ge): Declared.
+
+Sat Apr 30 19:20:40 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/standard_library.rdoc: Remove obsoleted classes and modules.
+
+Sat Apr 30 19:09:23 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_lt): Define Integer#<.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_lt): Don't define Bignum#<.
+	  Renamed from big_lt.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_big_lt): Declared.
+
+Sat Apr 30 18:44:05 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_le): Define Integer#<=.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_le): Don't define Bignum#<=.
+	  Renamed from big_le.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_big_le): Declared.
+
+Sat Apr 30 18:11:44 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* bignum.c (Init_Bignum): Define Integer::GMP_VERSION.
+
+Sat Apr 30 16:58:18 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_remainder): Define Integer#remainder.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_remainder): Don't define Bignum#remainder.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_big_remainder): Declared.
+
+Sat Apr 30 15:29:24 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_int_uminus): {Fixnum,Bignum}#-@ is unified into
+	  Integer.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_uminus): Don't define Bignum#-@.
+
+Sat Apr 30 14:42:20 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_int_idiv): {Fixnum,Bignum}#div is unified into
+	  Integer.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_idiv): Don't define Bignum#div.
+
+Sat Apr 30 14:25:55 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_int_modulo): {Fixnum,Bignum}#modulo is unified into
+	  Integer.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_modulo): Don't define Bignum#modulo.
+
+Sat Apr 30 14:04:30 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_divmod): {Fixnum,Bignum}#divmod is unified into
+	  Integer.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_divmod): Don't define Bignum#divmod.
+
+Sat Apr 30 13:20:00 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_fdiv): {Fixnum,Bignum}#fdiv is unified into
+	  Integer.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_fdiv): Don't define Bignum#fdiv.
+
+Sat Apr 30 12:25:43 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_int_pow): {Fixnum,Bignum}#** is unified into
+	  Integer.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_pow): Don't define Bignum#**.
+
+Sat Apr 30 12:28:59 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_comp): Renamed from rb_big_neg.
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_comp): Renamed from fix_rev.
+
+Sat Apr 30 12:25:43 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_comp): {Fixnum,Bignum}#~ is unified into
+	  Integer.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_neg): Don't define Bignum#~.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_big_neg): Declared.
+
+Sat Apr 30 12:07:42 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_and): {Fixnum,Bignum}#& is unified into
+	  Integer.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_and): Don't define Bignum#&.
+
+Sat Apr 30 11:56:15 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/thread: removed dummy extension library.  thread_sync.c
+	  provides "thread.rb" already.
+
+Sat Apr 30 11:53:48 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_or): {Fixnum,Bignum}#| is unified into
+	  Integer.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_or): Don't define Bignum#|.
+
+Sat Apr 30 11:18:47 2016  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_trace.c: Fix typos. [ci skip]
+
+Sat Apr 30 10:09:04 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/pty/pty.c (establishShell): honor USER environment variable
+	  and login name over uid, one uid can be shared by some login
+	  names.
+
+Fri Apr 29 22:40:28 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/maintainers.rdoc (ext/io/nonblock): still maintained, as
+	  well as ext/io/wait, which is the origin.
+
+Fri Apr 29 21:18:12 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/maintainers.rdoc (ext/win32): of course, it's still maintained.
+
+Fri Apr 29 21:03:10 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gems/bundled_gems: Update latest gems, test-unit-3.1.8 and rake-11.1.2.
+
+Fri Apr 29 20:43:02 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/maintainers.rdoc: Update latest maintainers list on Ruby 2.4
+
+Fri Apr 29 19:52:45 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/maintainers.rdoc: Removed deprecated entries. These are already deleted.
+
+Fri Apr 29 19:48:45 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/maintainers.rdoc: Removed Ruby 1.8 entries. It's not necessary to
+	  Ruby 2.4 or later.
+
+Thu Apr 28 17:03:17 2016  Nicholas Maccharoli  <nmaccharoli@gmail.com>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_update_{block,func}_callback): dry up hash
+	  update callback code.  [Fix GH-1338]
+
+Thu Apr 28 16:52:05 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_prepare_enc): use rb_enc_asciicompat(enc) instead of
+	  rb_enc_str_asciicompat_p(str) to avoid useless rb_enc_get(str) call.
+
+Thu Apr 28 16:33:41 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb: [DOC] fix example code.  base on the code by
+	  Semyon Gaivoronskiy in [ruby-core:75224].  [Bug #12323]
+
+Thu Apr 28 09:33:03 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb, lib/rubygems/*, test/rubygems/*: Update rubygems-2.6.4.
+	  Please see entries of 2.6.4 on
+	  https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/blob/master/History.txt
+
+Thu Apr 28 04:49:07 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in (rb_cv_lgamma_r_pm0): check if lgamma_r(+0.0)
+	  returns positive infinity, in addition to lgamma_r(-0.0).
+	  AIX returns an incorrect result of negative infinity.
+
+	* math.c (ruby_lgamma_r): handle +0.0, in addition to -0.0.
+
+Thu Apr 28 01:11:14 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* time.c: define _DEFAULT_SOURCE because glibc 2.20 deprecates
+	  _BSD_SOURCE.
+	  https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Release/2.20
+
+Thu Apr 28 00:27:55 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_xor): {Fixnum,Bignum}#^ is unified into
+	  Integer.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_xor): Don't define Bignum#^.
+
+Wed Apr 27 20:53:59 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_aref): {Fixnum,Bignum}#[] is unified into
+	  Integer.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_aref): Don't define Bignum#<<.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_big_aref): Declared.
+
+Wed Apr 27 16:10:35 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/instruction.rb: fix to follow current implementation.
+
+Wed Apr 27 15:47:54 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_s_new): warn if a block is given,
+	  as well as IO.new.
+
+Wed Apr 27 14:29:47 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (ruby_only_for_internal_use): raise fatal error when
+	  deprecated function only for internal use is called, not just a
+	  warning.
+
+Tue Apr 26 23:42:30 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb (rel): should not raise exceptions even if
+	  the user input is wrong.  only reports the error and continue process.
+
+Tue Apr 26 23:35:23 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (process_options): convert -e script to the encoding
+	  given by a command line option on Windows.  assume it is the
+	  expected encoding.  [ruby-dev:49461] [Bug #11900]
+
+Tue Apr 26 21:11:02 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_int_lshift): {Fixnum,Bignum}#<< is unified into
+	  Integer.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_lshift): Don't define Bignum#<<.
+
+Tue Apr 26 20:59:40 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_int_rshift): {Fixnum,Bignum}#>> is unified into
+	  Integer.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_rshift): Don't define Bignum#>>.
+
+Tue Apr 26 20:46:16 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_size): {Fixnum,Bignum}#size is unified into Integer.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_size_m): Don't define Bignum#size.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_big_size_m): Declared.
+
+Tue Apr 26 20:09:08 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_int_bit_length): {Fixnum,Bignum}#bit_length is
+	  unified into Integer.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_bit_length): Don't define Bignum#bit_length.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_big_bit_length): Declared.
+
+Tue Apr 26 19:56:16 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_abs): Integer#{abs,magnitude} moved from
+	  Fixnum and Bignum.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_abs): Don't define Bignum#{abs,magnitude}.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_big_abs): Declared.
+
+Mon Apr 25 14:39:11 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/rbconfig/sizeof/extconf.rb: just check the existence of each
+	  types, to reduce configuration time, especially cross-compiling.
+
+	* template/sizes.c.tmpl: calculate sizes of checked types at
+	  compilation time.
+
+Mon Apr 25 11:27:27 2016  Marcus Stollsteimer  <sto.mar@web.de>
+
+	* doc/extension.rdoc: Improvements to english grammars.
+	  [Bug #12246][ruby-core:74792][ci skip]
+
+Mon Apr 25 11:17:50 2016  Marcus Stollsteimer  <sto.mar@web.de>
+
+	* encoding.c: Fix return value of `Encoding::ISO8859_1.name`
+	  [Bug #12313][ruby-core:75147][ci skip]
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c: Fix code sample of `BigDecimal.new`
+
+Sun Apr 24 23:29:16 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: add missing -lm for AIX.
+
+Sun Apr 24 18:33:58 2016  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (INLINE): disable r54738 if __NO_INLINE__ is defined.
+	  It caused "undefined reference to `vm_getivar'".
+
+Sun Apr 24 09:32:12 2016  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb: Add test cases for Array#sum with
+	  non-numeric objects.
+
+Sun Apr 24 04:21:27 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (INLINE): define as `inline` when it is optimized.
+	  define as `static inline` when it is not optimized to keep
+	  the symbol generated.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_getivar): use `INLINE` to force inline
+	  so that a compiler inlines it into vm_getinstancevariable
+	  and optimizes out is_attr and related branches.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_getivar): use `inline` to recommend inline.
+	  Without this vm1_ivar_set is degraded.
+
+	  benchmark results:
+	  minimum results in each 5 measurements.
+	  Execution time (sec)
+	  name    ruby 2.4.0dev (2016-04-23 trunk 54727) [x86_64-linux]   ruby 2.4.0dev (2016-04-23 trunk 54733) [x86_64-linux]       built-ruby
+	  loop_whileloop 0.641                                                   0.642 0.646
+	  vm1_ivar* 1.002                                                   0.999 0.831
+	  vm1_ivar_set* 0.369                                                   1.106 0.362
+
+	  Speedup ratio: compare with the result of `ruby 2.4.0dev (2016-04-23
+	  trunk 54727) [x86_64-linux]' (greater is better)
+	  name    ruby 2.4.0dev (2016-04-23 trunk 54733) [x86_64-linux]
+	  built-ruby
+	  loop_whileloop
+	  0.998        0.991
+	  vm1_ivar*
+	  1.003        1.205
+	  vm1_ivar_set*
+	  0.334        1.018
+
+Sat Apr 23 18:01:21 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_getivar): specify inline instead of static inline.
+	  vm_getivar is called by vm_call_ivar and vm_getinstancevariable.
+	  At least with GCC 4.8 and 5.3 on Linux, they are inlining it into
+	  vm_call_ivar but not vm_getinstancevariable.
+	  By `inline`, they correctly inline it and gains performance.
+
+	  Speedup ratio: compare with the result of `ruby 2.4.0dev (2016-04-23
+	  trunk 54727) [x86_64-linux]' (greater is better)
+	  name    built-ruby
+	  loop_whileloop       1.001
+	  vm1_ivar*            1.189
+	  vm1_ivar_set*        1.024
+
+	  Note the `inline`'s meaning is different between old GCC
+	  and C99. Old GCC's inline means C99's extern inline.
+	  https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Inline.html
+	  Since Ruby specify -std=iso9899:1999, it works like C99.
+
+Sat Apr 23 16:11:39 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_mul_size_overflow): use UNLIKELY
+	  by user side to improve generality.
+
+Sat Apr 23 16:10:02 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RB_LIKELY): use prefix in ruby.h.
+
+	* intern.h (LIKELY): define with RB_LIKELY.
+
+Sat Apr 23 13:27:25 2016  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: Add descriptions for Time#to_time updates.
+	  [Bug #12271]
+
+Sat Apr 23 13:21:24 2016  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: Add descriptions for DateTime#to_time updates.
+	  [Bug #12189]
+
+Sat Apr 23 11:21:27 2016  Marcus Stollsteimer  <sto.mar@web.de>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (Init_date_core): [DOC] Convert DateTime
+	  documentation to RDoc from Markdown.
+	  [ruby-core:75136] [Bug #12311]
+
+Sat Apr 23 09:03:35 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c: cygwin does not use w32_cmdvector, command line can be
+	  other than UTF-8.  [ruby-dev:49519] [Bug #12184]
+
+Sat Apr 23 01:00:03 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: don't use the system-provided round(3) on AIX.
+	  In AIX, round(0.49999999999999994) returns 1.0.
+	  Use round() in numeric.c instead.
+
+Fri Apr 22 21:00:44 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_time_tz.rb: Tests depends on Europe/Moscow removed
+	  to avoid test failures due to the tzdata change.
+	  https://github.com/eggert/tz/commit/8ee11a301cf173afb0c76e0315b9f9ec8ebb9d95
+	  Found by naruse.
+
+Fri Apr 22 20:18:40 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_mul_size_overflow): added to handle
+	  mul overflow efficiently.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_alloc_tmp_buffer2): use rb_mul_size_overflow
+	  and avoid division where it can define DSIZE_T.
+
+	* gc.c (xmalloc2_size): moved from ruby.h and use rb_mul_size_overflow.
+
+Fri Apr 22 20:34:04 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* time.c (time_asctime): [DOC] add ctime example, not only
+	  asctime.  [ruby-core:75126] [Bug #12310]
+
+Fri Apr 22 18:44:32 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c: use uint32_t instead of long to avoid confusion about
+	  the type of ivtbl->numiv.
+
+Fri Apr 22 15:09:27 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval_jump.c (exec_end_procs_chain): restore previous error info
+	  for each end procs.  [ruby-core:75038] [Bug #12302]
+
+Fri Apr 22 15:04:56 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: the fullpath of merger.rb is too long to
+	  copy&paste on Windows.  show shorter name instead on the platform.
+	  I'm sure that the user of this command on Windows is only me.
+
+Fri Apr 22 14:52:04 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/merger.rb: remove temporary file.
+
+Fri Apr 22 11:27:03 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb: Improve documentation for SSL requests via GET method.
+	  [fix GH-1325][ci skip] Patch by @jsyeo
+
+Fri Apr 22 10:51:13 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/ssl.rb: Support to add SSLCiphers option.
+	  [fix GH-1321] Patch by @rhadoo
+
+Fri Apr 22 10:43:19 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c, win32/file.c: Removed obsoleted safe level checks.
+	  [fix GH-1327] Patch by @cremno
+
+Fri Apr 22 10:01:48 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_so_meteor_contest.rb: fix a typo.
+	  [fix GH-1330][ci skip] Patch by @sachin21
+
+Fri Apr 22 04:57:01 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_alloc_tmp_buffer_with_count): added like xmalloc2 to
+	  avoid duplicated check of size.
+
+	* gc.c (ruby_xmalloc2): added to keep separate layers.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_alloc_tmp_buffer2): added to check
+	  the size more statically.
+
+Fri Apr 22 04:54:40 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (LIKELY): moved from internal.h.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (UNLIKELY): ditto.
+
+Thu Apr 21 01:44:19 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (objspace_malloc_prepare): remove size check because it is
+	  used by objspace_xmalloc and objspace_xcalloc.
+	  objspace_xmalloc introduces its own check in this commit.
+	  objspace_xcalloc checks with xmalloc2_size (ruby_xmalloc2_size).
+
+	* gc.c (objspace_xmalloc0): common xmalloc function.
+
+	* gc.c (objspace_xmalloc): introduce its own size check.
+
+	* gc.c (objspace_xmalloc2): separated from ruby_xmalloc2 to clarify
+	  the layer who has the responsibility to check the size.
+
+	* gc.c (objspace_xrealloc): remove duplicated size check.
+
+	* gc.c (ruby_xmalloc2): use objspace_xmalloc2.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (ruby_xmalloc2_size): follow the size limit
+	  as SSIZE_MAX. Note that ISO C says size_t is unsigned integer.
+
+Thu Apr 21 12:14:04 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: check if succeeded in creating config.h.
+
+	* tool/ifchange: ignore failures when TEST_COLORS unmatched. just
+	  use the default value if expected name is not contained in it.
+	  [ruby-core:75046] [Bug #12303]
+
+Wed Apr 20 17:33:31 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/cgi/escape/escape.c (cgiesc_unescape): define unescape
+	  method instead of _unescape, and should pass the optional
+	  argument to the super method.
+
+	* lib/cgi/util.rb (CGI::Util#_unescape): remove intermediate
+	  method.
+
+Wed Apr 20 15:52:28 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (syntax_error_initialize): move the default message,
+	  "compile error", from parse.y.  the default parameter should
+	  belong to the class definition.
+
+	* parse.y (yycompile0): use the default parameter.
+
+Wed Apr 20 10:25:53 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (append_compile_error): use rb_syntax_error_append.
+
+	* error.c (rb_syntax_error_append): append messages into a
+	  SyntaxError exception instance.
+
+	* parse.y (yycompile0): make new SyntaxError instance in main
+	  mode, otherwise error_buffer should be a SyntaxError if error
+	  has occurred.
+
+Tue Apr 19 17:42:47 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (err_vcatf): rename, and separate appending message from
+	  creating a string buffer.
+
+	* error.c (rb_syntax_error_append): merge rb_error_vsprintf and
+	  rb_compile_err_append.
+
+	* parse.y (parser_compile_error): use rb_syntax_error_append.
+
+Tue Apr 19 13:46:19 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (append_compile_error, compile_bug): pass iseq and get
+	  error info and file from it, not by the thread error info.
+
+	* error.c (rb_report_bug_valist): take va_list instead of variadic
+	  arguments, and just report the bug but not abort.
+
+Tue Apr 19 13:18:12 2016  Naotoshi Seo  <sonots@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/time.rb: revert r54167 because it would break
+	  backward compatibilities, and it is documented that
+	  Time.parse does not take into account time zone
+	  abbreations other than ones described in RFC 822
+
+Tue Apr 19 13:12:03 2016  Naotoshi Seo  <sonots@gmail.com>
+
+	* ChangeLog: Fix dates of previous commits
+
+Tue Apr 19 12:45:03 2016  Naotoshi Seo  <sonots@gmail.com>
+
+	* ChangeLog: Add descriptions for logger updates
+	* NEWS: Add descriptions for logger updates
+
+Tue Apr 19 12:45:02 2016  Naotoshi Seo  <sonots@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb: Add shift_period_suffix option
+
+Tue Apr 19 12:45:01 2016  Naotoshi Seo  <sonots@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb: Allow specifying logger parameters in constructor
+	  such as level, progname, datetime_format, formatter.
+
+Mon Apr 18 16:07:01 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_peephole_optimize): should not replace the
+	  current target INSN, not to follow the replaced dangling link in
+	  the caller.  [ruby-core:74993] [Bug #11816]
+
+Mon Apr 18 12:56:31 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_truncate): add an optional parameter, digits, as
+	  well as Float#round.  [Feature #12245]
+
+	* numeric.c (int_truncate): add an optional parameter, digits, as
+	  well as Integer#round.  [Feature #12245]
+
+Sun Apr 17 04:18:56 2016  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: revisions are strings.
+
+Sat Apr 16 14:26:49 2016  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c : remove not used f_getlocal macro.
+	  After r54553 f_getlocal macro is not used.
+
+Sat Apr 16 14:15:24 2016  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c : remove not used f_utc6 macro.
+	  After r54169 f_utc6 macro is not used.
+
+Sat Apr 16 10:00:11 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* struct.c (struct_make_members_list, rb_struct_s_def): member
+	  names should be unique. [ruby-core:74971] [Bug #12291]
+
+	* struct.c (struct_make_members_list): extract making member name
+	  list from char* va_list, with creating symbols without
+	  intermediate IDs.
+
+Sat Apr 16 01:33:27 2016  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: sort revisions.
+
+Sat Apr 16 01:16:02 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_sum): Don't yield same element twice.
+	  Found by nagachika.
+
+Sat Apr 16 01:03:32 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_sum): Fix SEGV by [1/2r, 1].sum.
+
+Fri Apr 15 23:52:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* rational.c (rb_rational_plus): rename from rb_rational_add
+	  to be aligned with rb_fix_plus.
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_sum): ditto.
+
+	* internal.h: ditto.
+
+Fri Apr 15 23:42:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* rational.c (rb_rational_add): rename from nurat_add.
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_sum): use rb_rational_add directly.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb (test_sum): add assertions for an array of
+	  Rational values.
+
+Fri Apr 15 22:31:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_sum): apply the precision compensated algorithm
+	  for an array in which Rational and Float values are mixed.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb (test_sum): add assertions for the above
+	  change.
+
+Fri Apr 15 22:30:01 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_setname): defer setting native thread name
+	  set in initialize until the native thread is created.
+	  [ruby-core:74963] [Bug #12290]
+
+Fri Apr 15 20:27:16 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/irb/ext/save-history.rb: Fix NoMethodError when method is not defined.
+
+Fri Apr 15 15:38:58 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (benchmark): order options for built-ruby and compare-ruby.
+
+Fri Apr 15 14:14:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb (test_sum): add assertions for Rational and
+	  Complex numbers.
+
+Fri Apr 15 10:07:11 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_key_pressed_p): raise the same
+	  exception, "unknown virtual key code", for names with nul chars.
+	  though console_win32_vk() considers the length and can deal with
+	  nul chars, rb_sprintf() raised at PRIsVALUE previously, so quote
+	  it if it is unprintable.
+
+Fri Apr 15 09:02:58 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/console.c (rb_sym2str): fallback definition for
+	  older ruby.  [ruby-core:74953] [Bug #12284]
+
+Thu Apr 14 21:46:36 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_sum): Support the optional argument, init, and
+	  block.
+
+Thu Apr 14 19:02:41 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/irb/ext/save-history.rb: suppress warning: method redefined;
+	  discarding old save_history=.
+
+Thu Apr 14 14:58:14 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c (tk_hash_kv): the third argument can be
+	  nil not only an Array.  reported by @windwiny at
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/cdaa94e#commitcomment-17096618
+
+Thu Apr 14 14:28:55 2016  cremno phobia  <cremno@mail.ru>
+
+	* cont.c (fiber_initialize_machine_stack_context): fix wrong
+	  _MSC_VER check, should be decimal but not hexadecimal.
+	  [ruby-core:74936] [Bug #12279]
+
+Wed Apr 13 22:51:38 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_sum): Array#sum is implemented.
+	  Kahan's compensated summation algorithm for precise sum of float
+	  numbers is moved from ary_inject_op in enum.c.
+
+	* enum.c (ary_inject_op): Don't specialize for float numbers.
+
+	  [ruby-core:74569] [Feature #12217] proposed by mrkn.
+
+Wed Apr 13 15:56:35 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_ceil): add an optional parameter, digits, as
+	  well as Float#round.  [Feature #12245]
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_floor): add an optional parameter, digits, as
+	  well as Float#round.  [Feature #12245]
+
+	* numeric.c (int_ceil): add an optional parameter, digits, as
+	  well as Integer#round.  [Feature #12245]
+
+	* numeric.c (int_floor): add an optional parameter, digits, as
+	  well as Integer#round.  [Feature #12245]
+
+Wed Apr 13 14:47:47 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (Init_File): add alias File.empty? to File.zero?.
+	  [Feature #9969]
+
+Wed Apr 13 14:36:24 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (assign_in_cond): allow multiple assignment in
+	  conditional expression.  [Feature #10617]
+
+Wed Apr 13 14:11:59 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_size): add wrapper function of BIGSIZE and
+	  rename the method function with _m suffix.
+
+	* numeric.c (int_round_zero_p): extracted from rb_int_round.
+	  optimize for Bignum, and convert VALUE returned by Numeric#size
+	  to long.
+
+Wed Apr 13 12:00:08 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_basicinstructions.rb: add a test to check access
+	  instance variables on special const objects.
+
+	  All of such objects are frozen, so that we can not set instance
+	  variables for them. But we can read instance variables and return
+	  default value (nil).
+
+Tue Apr 12 20:40:35 2016  Kaneko Yuichiro  <spiketeika@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (time_to_time): should preserve timezone
+	  info.  [ruby-core:74889] [Bug #12271]
+
+Tue Apr 12 11:51:18 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (new_label_body): initialize bit fields, since
+	  compile_data_alloc does not clear the memory.  [Bug #12082]
+
+Mon Apr 11 20:18:43 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c (frame2klass): filter only for imemo_ment.
+	  T_IMEMO/imemo_iseq can be passed here.
+
+Mon Apr 11 17:43:04 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_optimize): disable tail call optimization in
+	  rescued, rescue, and ensure blocks.
+	  [ruby-core:73871] [Bug #12082]
+
+Mon Apr 11 06:54:39 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (apply2files): apply to a VALUE vector instead of a
+	  temporary array.
+
+Sun Apr 10 20:54:16 2016  Joe Swatosh  <joe.swatosh@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/win32/lib/win32/registry.rb (DeleteValue, DeleteKey): fix
+	  API names.  [ruby-core:74863] [Bug #12264]
+
+Sun Apr 10 17:47:42 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_realpath_internal): no argument conversions since
+	  this internal function does not need to_path and encoding
+	  conversions, not to be affected by the default internal
+	  encoding.
+
+Sat Apr  9 10:03:12 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* load.c (rb_f_load): raise with the original path name before
+	  encoding conversion.
+
+Sat Apr  9 02:05:10 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_cstr_parse_inum): [EXPERIMENTAL] new function to
+	  parse integer in C-string with length.  the name and the
+	  arguments may be changed in the future.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_str_to_inum): preserve encoding of the argument in
+	  error messages, and no longer needs to copy non-terminated
+	  strings.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_str2big_{poweroftwo,normal,karatsuba,gmp}): ditto.
+
+Thu Apr  7 19:04:03 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/regexp.rdoc (comments): [DOC] terminators cannot appear in
+	  comments.  [ruby-core:74838] [Bug #12256]
+
+Thu Apr  7 11:24:14 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c (cbsubst_initialize): fix out-of-bound
+	  access when no arguments given.  `p Tk::Event.new` crashed.
+
+Fri Apr  1 01:26:00 2016  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/coverage/coverage.c: Fully reset coverage to not persist global state.
+	  It was returning old file coverages as empty arrays to the user.
+	  [ruby-core:74596] [Bug #12220]
+
+	* ext/coverage/coverage.c (rb_coverages): remove unused static state.
+
+	* thread.c: Moved and renamed coverage_clear_result_i to reset_coverage_i.
+
+	* test/coverage/test_coverage.rb: improve precision of tests.
+
+Wed Apr  6 22:41:31 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (rb_cv_lgamma_r_m0): fix the condition for
+	  lgamma_r(-0.0).  [Bug #12249]
+
+Wed Apr  6 17:38:42 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb (RubyGems.download): follow the change of the
+	  rubygems ssl_certs directory tree introduced by previous commit.
+
+Wed Apr  6 15:00:27 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb, lib/rubygems/*, test/rubygems/*: Update rubygems-2.6.3.
+	  Please see entries of 2.6.3 on
+	  https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/blob/master/History.txt
+
+Wed Apr  6 14:13:28 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (rb_cv_lgamma_r_m0): check if lgamma_r(-0.0)
+	  returns negative infinity.  [Bug #12249]
+
+	* math.c (ruby_lgamma_r): define by the configured result.
+
+Wed Apr  6 10:56:15 2016  Anton Davydov  <antondavydov.o@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb (Logger#level=): remove unnecessary local
+	  variable.
+
+	* lib/logger.rb (Logger#initialize, Logger#reopen): [DOC] mention
+	  the default values.  cherrypicked from [GH-1319].
+
+Wed Apr  6 10:17:53 2016  cremno phobia  <cremno@mail.ru>
+
+	* math.c (ruby_lgamma_r): missing/lgamma_r.c is used on Windows,
+	  since msvcrt does not provide it.
+
+	* missing/lgamma_r.c (lgamma_r): fix lgamma(-0.0).
+	  [ruby-core:74823] [Bug #12249]
+
+Wed Apr  6 01:22:55 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* math.c (ruby_lgamma_r): mswin's lgamma_r also seems to be wrong.
+	  cf. [Bug #12249]
+
+Wed Apr  6 00:53:31 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* math.c (ruby_lgamma_r): fix lgamma(-0.0) on mingw and OSX.
+
+	* math.c (ruby_tgamma): fix tgamma(-0.0) on mingw.
+	  [ruby-core:74817] [Bug #12249]
+
+Tue Apr  5 14:50:28 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c (mime_putc): fix typo.
+	  [Bug #12202] [ruby-core:74802]
+
+Tue Apr  5 00:06:44 2016  Aeris  <aeris@imirhil.fr>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_tmp_key): Access to ephemeral
+	  TLS session key in case of forward secrecy cipher.  Only
+	  available since OpenSSL 1.0.2.  [Fix GH-1318]
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: Check for SSL_get_server_tmp_key.
+
+Mon Apr  4 23:37:05 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_struct): make at_exit a single linked list but
+	  not RArray, not to mark the registered functions by the write
+	  barrier.  based on the patches by Evan Phoenix.
+	  [ruby-core:73908] [Bug #12095]
+
+Mon Apr  4 17:43:45 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: change default value of
+	  RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_MIN_RATIO 0.3 -> 0.2
+	  RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_MAX_RATIO 0.8 -> 0.65
+
+	  These values are same as Ruby 2.0.0.
+
+	  This change cause GC counts.
+	  However, generational GC reduced each (minor) GC time and
+	  increase memory locality. So that not so big impact on my
+	  benchmarking results.
+	  (surprisingly, this fix speed up programs on some cases)
+
+	  You can change these values by environment variables
+	  if you feel wrong.
+
+Mon Apr  4 17:36:52 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (get_envparam_double): take an upper_bound.
+
+	  And also take an accept_zero flag which allow to accept zero
+	  even if lower_bound is set.
+
+	* gc.c (ruby_gc_set_params): fix parameters.
+
+	  RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_MAX_RATIO set 0.9 as *lower_bound*, so that
+	  it should be upper_bound.
+	  Set RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_MIN_RATIO as lower bound.
+
+	  Also set lower/upper bound of RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_GOAL_RATIO to
+	  RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_MIN/MAX_RATIO.
+
+Mon Apr  4 16:41:32 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (Init_VM): should pass tokens.
+
+Sun Apr  3 09:34:29 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (flodivmod): round division if it is a finite number
+	  and module is required.
+
+	* numeric.c (dbl2ival): do not round here.
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_ceil): use dbl2ival.
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_round): round explicitly.
+
+Sat Apr  2 15:24:18 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_check_arity): returns argc.
+
+Fri Apr  1 20:58:33 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb, casefold.h: Data generation to implement
+	  swapcase functionality for titlecase characters. Swapcase isn't defined
+	  by Unicode, because the purpose/usage of swapcase is unclear anyway.
+	  The implementation follows a proposal from Nobu, swapping the case of
+	  each component of a titlecase character individually.
+	  This means that the titlecase characters have to be decomposed.
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Code using the above data.
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: Tests for the above.
+
+Fri Apr  1 14:55:28 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* configure.in (AC_CONFIG_FILES): $srcdir/.git can be a file pointing
+	  the real git_dir, such as when the git working tree is a "linked
+	  working tree" (a working tree created by git-worktree). So use
+	  git-rev-parse --git-dir to check if $srcdir is the top-level of a git
+	  repository, not just checking if the $srcdir/.git directory does exist
+	  or not.  [ruby-core:74759] [Bug #12239]
+
+	* tool/change_maker.rb: use tool/vcs.rb to detect VCS. This used to have
+	  its own VCS detection code, while we have tool/vcs.rb.
+
+	* tool/vcs.rb (detect): remove code duplication
+
+Fri Apr  1 04:50:44 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_sslctx_s_alloc):
+	  enable SSL_MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER by default
+	  [Bug #12126]
+
+Fri Apr  1 01:13:55 2016  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (update_coverage): Do not track coverage in loaded files
+	  after Coverage.result. Avoids out-of-bounds access. [Bug #12237]
+
+	* ext/coverage/coverage.c (coverage_clear_result_i): document.
+
+Thu Mar 31 19:16:16 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: need to set initial value of GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_GOAL_RATIO.
+
+Thu Mar 31 17:50:27 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: change additional allocation policy.
+
+	  Introduce new environment variable
+	  RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_GOAL_RATIO (goal_ratio) to calculate the
+	  ratio of additional memory.
+
+	  Before this change, we add pages with the following formula
+	  (when free_slots < total_pages * RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_MIN_RATIO):
+	    next_pages = total_pages * RUBY_GC_HEAP_GROWTH_FACTOR
+
+	  This addition can allocate too much.
+
+	  With this change, we increase pages to satisfy the following formula:
+	    next_free_slots = next_total_slots * goal_ratio
+	  where
+	    next_free_slots = free_slots + adding_slots
+	    next_total_slots = total_slots + adding_slots.
+
+	  If you want to prepare many free slots, increase this ratio.
+
+	  If this variable is 0, then simply multiply
+	  RUBY_GC_HEAP_GROWTH_FACTOR.
+
+	* gc.c (get_envparam_double): enable to accept 0.
+
+Thu Mar 31 17:48:25 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_marks_finish): fix syntax error.
+
+Thu Mar 31 16:49:36 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: simplify allocate/free detecting logic at the end of marking.
+
+	  Before this change, heap_pages_min_slots are calculated at the
+	  beginning sweeping phase. And this value is used at the end of
+	  *next* marking phase.
+
+	  To simplify it, we use this value at the end of this marking phase.
+	  It means that we don't need to store this value as global state.
+
+	  Also heap_pages_max_slots is calculated at the begging of sweeping
+	  phase and used at the end of sweeping phase.
+	  To simplify this logic, we introduced new global value
+	  heap_pages_freeable_pages it means extra pages count we can free.
+	  gc_sweep_step() checks this value and moves empty pages to tomb_heap
+	  not more than this value.
+
+	  Because of this fix, heap_pages_swept_slots is no longer needed.
+
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace_t::heap_pages): restruct the objspace global
+	  status.
+
+	  remove the following fields
+	    * swept_slots (and heap_pages_swept_slots)
+	    * min_free_slots (and heap_pages_min_free_slots)
+	    * max_free_slots (and heap_pages_max_free_slots)
+	  And add the following filed.
+	    * freeable_pages (and heap_pages_freeable_pages)
+
+	* gc.c (heap_pages_free_unused_pages): unlink tomb heap pages
+	  because tomb heap should have only freeable pages.
+
+	* gc.c (heap_extend_pages): add parameters for future extension.
+
+Thu Mar 31 16:43:02 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: add GC parameters to configure the following values:
+	  * RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_MIN_RATIO:
+	    allocate additional pages when free slots is lower than
+	    the value (total_slots * (this ratio)).
+	  * RUBY_GC_HEAP_FREE_SLOTS_MAX_RATIO:
+	    allow to free pages when free slots is greater than
+	    the value (total_slots * (this ratio)).
+
+	  Before this change, these values are hard coded.
+
+	* gc.c (ruby_gc_params_t): ditto.
+
+	* gc.c (ruby_gc_set_params): ditto.
+
+Thu Mar 31 15:59:17 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_verify_heap_page): check the number of zombies.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_verify_heap_pages): check also tomb heap.
+
+Thu Mar 31 15:48:18 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_page_sweep): return free slots count.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_sweep_step): use returned free slots count.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_sweep_step): change variable name `next'
+	  to `next_sweep_page'.
+
+Thu Mar 31 11:33:49 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (d_lite_strftime, dt_lite_strftime): [DOC]
+	  fix indent not to be a big sole verbatim.
+
+Thu Mar 31 11:18:19 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (Init_date_core): [DOC] fix misplaced doc
+	  of DateTime.  [ruby-core:74729] [Bug #12233]
+
+Thu Mar 31 03:41:02 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c: Merge upstream 69f7e74dde.
+	  fix indent.
+
+Wed Mar 30 16:33:19 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* extension.rdoc, extension.ja.rdoc: [DOC] Fix some errors.
+	  Renamed files, wrong method names or argument types; the example
+	  GetDBM macro is now updated to the current version of the actual
+	  code.  patch by Marcus Stollsteimer in [ruby-core:74690].
+	  [Bug #12228]
+
+Wed Mar 30 09:46:01 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/open-uri.rb: Use `userinfo` for authenticated proxy.
+	  [fix GH-1148] Patch by @SokichiFujita
+	* test/open-uri/test_open-uri.rb: ditto.
+	  [fix GH-1309] Patch by @jdamick
+
+Wed Mar 30 01:56:06 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c: Merge upstream 4f3edf80a0.
+	  patched by Anton Sivakov [Bug #12201] [Bug #12202]
+
+Wed Mar 30 01:54:30 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb: add given revision to current changesets
+	  on associating the revision to the related ticket.
+
+Wed Mar 30 01:53:17 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/merger.rb: update revision.h before merge.
+
+Tue Mar 29 19:33:54 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c: define toupper for its use. fix r54391.
+
+Tue Mar 29 19:23:46 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_isupper, rb_islower, rb_isalpha, rb_isdigit,
+	  rb_isalnum, rb_isxdigit, rb_isblank, rb_isspace, rb_isblank,
+	  rb_iscntrl, rb_isprint, rb_ispunct, rb_isgraph,
+	  rb_tolower, rb_toupper): use inline function to avoid function call.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_isascii): use inline function to clarify
+	  the logic.
+
+Tue Mar 29 18:56:55 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb (backport): show merger.rb's path.
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb (show): show current issue again if no
+	  ticket number is given.
+
+	* tool/redmine-backporter.rb (rel): show error message if current
+	  bugs.ruby-lang.org doesn't support the API.
+
+Tue Mar 29 18:54:34 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/merger.rb: support to backport header as backport identifier.
+	  Now you can specify by 'merge revision(s) 49254: [Backport #10738]'.
+
+Tue Mar 29 16:53:44 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb, casefold.h: Tweaked handling of 6
+	  special cases in CaseUnfold_11_Table.
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Adjustments for above.
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: Tests for the above: Some tests in
+	  test_titlecase activated; test_greek added. A test in test_cherokee fixed.
+
+Tue Mar 29 13:31:00 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Cleaned up some comments.
+
+Tue Mar 29 13:24:56 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb, casefold.h: Removing data for idempotent
+	  titlecasing.
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Adjust code to data removal.
+
+Tue Mar 29 12:45:18 2016  Laurent Arnoud  <laurent@spkdev.net>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httpresponse.rb: Move error_body to method. It allow to
+	  override the body more easily. [fix GH-1307]
+	* test/webrick/test_httpresponse.rb: ditto.
+
+Tue Mar 29 06:40:53 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (rb_compile_err_append): rb_thread_t::base_block is no
+	  longer used.
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_compile_with_option): ditto, no protection is
+	  needed.
+
+Tue Mar 29 06:39:22 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (struct parser_params): move parse_in_eval flag from
+	  rb_thread_t.
+
+	* parse.y (rb_parser_set_context): set parsing context, not only
+	  mild error flag.
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_compile_with_option): the parser now refers no
+	  thread local states to be restored.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (eval_string_with_cref): ditto.
+
+Mon Mar 28 21:24:02 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_pos_p): fix typos.
+
+Mon Mar 28 14:54:49 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Refactoring in preparation for data reduction for
+	  titlecase.
+
+Mon Mar 28 14:36:36 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Minor refactoring for I WITH DOT ABOVE.
+
+Mon Mar 28 14:26:24 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Removed code now covered by data from table.
+
+Mon Mar 28 11:49:21 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Adding comments. [ci skip]
+
+Mon Mar 28 11:30:23 2016  Shinichi Maeshima  <netwillnet@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb: Fix `Gem.find_spec_for_exe` picks oldest gem.
+	  https://github.com/travis-ci/travis-ci/issues/5798
+	  https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/1566
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem.rb: ditto.
+
+Mon Mar 28 11:26:31 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb, lib/rubygems/*, test/rubygems/*: Update rubygems-2.6.2.
+	  Please see entries of 2.6.2 on
+	  https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/blob/master/History.txt
+
+Mon Mar 28 11:02:31 2016  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb: Fix test on Windows for inconsistent temp path.
+	  https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/1554
+	  [Bug #12193][ruby-core:74431]
+
+Mon Mar 28 08:19:49 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): refactor floating point format of
+	  Rational by using generic Integer functions.
+
+	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): fix buffer overflow, length must be
+	  greater than precision.  reported by William Bowling <will AT
+	  wbowling.info>.
+
+Sun Mar 27 12:13:37 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): convert Rational to floating point
+	  format by using generic Integer functions, not by methods which
+	  can be overwritten.
+
+Sat Mar 26 10:55:12 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_int2str): conversion function to String for
+	  generic Integer.
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_int_round): rounding function for generic
+	  Integers.
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_int_{uminus,plus,minus,mul,idiv,modulo}): basic
+	  arithmetic functions for generic Integers.
+
+	* numeric.c (FIXNUM_{POSITIVE,NEGATIVE,ZERO}_P): predict macros
+	  only for Fixnum.
+
+Sat Mar 26 06:34:24 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* localeinit.c (rb_locale_charmap_index): fix prototype.
+	  patched by Andreas Schwab [Bug #12218]
+
+Fri Mar 25 16:40:48 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: Additional tests title case;
+	  some not yet activated.
+
+Fri Mar 25 13:38:11 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: check SSL_CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb
+	  function rather than OPENSSL_NPN_NEGOTIATED macro. it exists
+	  even if it is disabled by OpenSSL configuration.
+	  [ruby-core:74384] [Bug #12182]
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: update #ifdef(s) as above.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: skip NPN tests if NPN is disabled.
+
+Fri Mar 25 11:08:37 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/http.rb (URI::HTTP#initialize): [DOC] fix example,
+	  missing mandatory arguments.  [ruby-core:74540] [Bug #12215]
+
+Fri Mar 25 01:50:58 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (reserve_stack): fix reserving position where
+	  the stack growing bottom to top. [Bug #12118]
+
+Fri Mar 25 01:10:42 2016  Sebastian Schuberth  <sschuberth@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (find_executable0): On Windows, it is actually valid
+	  to surround individual PATH directory entries with double
+	  quotes. Remove these before joining the path as otherwise the
+	  literal quotes would become part of the path, resulting in the
+	  executable not to be found.  [Fix GH-1305]
+
+Thu Mar 24 22:38:18 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* strftime.c (FMT, FMTV): remove recursive-assignments to get rid
+	  of undefined behavior.  [ruby-core:74532] [Bug #12213]
+
+Thu Mar 24 17:44:02 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* strftime.c (FMT_PADDING): extract format for padding.
+
+	* strftime.c (FMT_PRECISION): extract precision formula.
+
+	* strftime.c (FMTV): append formatted string to expand the result.
+
+Thu Mar 24 14:20:21 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* strftime.c (STRFTIME): deal with case conversion flags for
+	  recursive formats.
+
+Thu Mar 24 12:43:26 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (dt_lite_iso8601): strftimev() always
+	  returns a String, so append them directly.
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (d_lite_jisx0301, iso8601_timediv),
+	  (dt_lite_jisx0301): format by the format string in local buffer
+	  to prevent intermediate strings from GC.
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (mk_inspect_raw, mk_inspect): inspect by
+	  "%+"PRIsVALUE, to prevent intermediate strings from GC.
+
+Thu Mar 24 11:43:32 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* strftime.c (rb_strftime_with_timespec): remove unnecessary
+	  check, as `s` equals to `endp` when recursed STRFTIME resized
+	  the capacity same as the size.
+
+Wed Mar 23 21:48:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* enum.c (ary_inject_op): put subtract operation out of if-clause.
+
+Wed Mar 23 21:38:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* enum.c (ary_inject_op): Use Kahan's compensated summation algorithm
+	  for summing up float values.
+
+Wed Mar 23 20:56:59 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* strftime.c (rb_strftime_with_timespec): append formatted results
+	  to the given string with expanding, and also deal with NUL chars.
+
+	* strftime.c (rb_strftime, rb_strftime_timespec): return formatted
+	  string, not the length put in the given buffer.
+
+	* time.c (rb_strftime_alloc): no longer needs to retry with
+	  reallocating buffers.
+
+	* time.c (time_strftime): no longer needs to split by NUL chars.
+
+Wed Mar 23 14:23:54 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/ri/driver.rb (interactive): rescue NotFoundError raised in
+	  expand_name. (display_name rescues NotFoundError by itself,
+	  the original logic looks buggy...)
+
+Wed Mar 23 11:44:53 2016  cremno  <cremno@mail.ru>
+
+	* marshal.c (r_long): cast to `signed char`, which is used
+	  already, instead of SIGN_EXTEND_CHAR.
+
+	* parse.y: SIGN_EXTEND_CHAR is no longer used.  [Fix GH-1302]
+
+Wed Mar 23 11:38:47 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cygwin/GNUmakefile.in (MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL_PARAM):
+	  * add missing parentheses and remove double quotes.
+	  * rename to get rid of recursive references.
+	  * as --excludes-dir option is for a path name, its argument
+	    should be converted.
+	  [ruby-dev:49526] [Bug #12199]
+
+Wed Mar 23 10:39:38 2016  Koichi ITO  <koic.ito@gmail.com>
+
+	* variable.c: Added documentation about order of `Module#constants`
+	  [ci skip][Bug #12121][ruby-dev:49505][fix GH-1301]
+
+Tue Mar 22 21:08:30 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* include/ruby/oniguruma.h: Additional flag for characters that are titlecase.
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb, casefold.h: Using above flag in data.
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Marking capitalized character as unmodified if it is
+	  already titlecase.
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: Tests for above functionality.
+
+Tue Mar 22 14:18:59 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (lambda_body, parser_yylex): warn mismatched indentation
+	  of lambda block.
+
+Tue Mar 22 11:36:49 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* time.c (wmul): wrong condition.
+	  fixed many test failures on 32bit and LLP64 platforms.
+
+Tue Mar 22 10:31:34 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* time.c (wdiv, wmod): wdivmod0() assumes the 3rd and the 4th arguments
+	  are valid pointers.
+	  maybe checking them in wdivmod0() is better manner, but I guess that
+	  passing real dummy pointers may be faster than checking and branching
+	  in wdivmod0().
+	  this commit fixes SEGV on 32bit and LLP64 platforms.
+
+Tue Mar 22 10:24:04 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* time.c (divmodv): void function never returns any value.
+
+Tue Mar 22 10:11:01 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::StatusLine#failed): print
+	  failed messages only if replacing mode, otherwise defer them
+	  until the end, to get rid of interleaving failures with progress
+	  messages.  refix r54195.
+
+Tue Mar 22 03:45:03 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* time.c (MUL_OVERFLOW_FIXWV_P): defined for FIXWV.
+
+	* time.c (wmul): use MUL_OVERFLOW_FIXWV_P and only switch.
+
+	* time.c (wmul): use mul which has Fixnum optimization.
+
+	* time.c (rb_time_magnify): If WIDEVALUE_IS_WIDER, wmul() has the same
+	  optimized logic, else mul() has also the similar logic for Fixnum.
+
+	* time.c (rb_time_unmagnify): almost ditto.
+
+Tue Mar 22 03:10:09 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* time.c (divmodv): add the case both arguments are Fixnum.
+
+	* time.c (wquo): use quo which has Fixnum optimization.
+
+	* time.c (wdivmod0): added for WIDEVALUE_IS_WIDER.
+
+	* time.c (wdivmod): use wdivmod0 and divmodv.
+	  divmodv has Fixnum optimization.
+
+	* time.c (wdiv): use wdivmod0 and div to avoid the use of divmodv which
+	  calls id_quo whose return value is array.
+
+	* time.c (wmod): use wdivmod0 and mod to avoid the use of divmodv which
+	  calls id_quo whose return value is array.
+
+Mon Mar 21 22:32:50 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h (rb_fix_divmod_fix): like r54213, use FIX2NUM only if
+	  x == FIXNUM_MIN && y == -1. This must be a rare case and it is
+	  expected compiler to handle well.
+
+Mon Mar 21 22:15:11 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* time.c (mod): Add Fixnum case.
+
+	* time.c (quo): c can be Fixnum except a == FIXNUM_MIN && b == -1.
+	  Such case can be optimized out because quo()'s argument is constant.
+
+Mon Mar 21 22:09:24 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h (rb_fix_mul_fix): multiply converted values, not
+	  object VALUEs.
+
+Mon Mar 21 20:18:29 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (TEST_EXCLUDES, EXCLUDE_TESTFRAMEWORK): use full spell
+	  long option.
+
+	* cygwin/GNUmakefile.in (MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL): suppress path name
+	  conversions by msys2.  [ruby-dev:49525] [Bug #12199]
+
+Mon Mar 21 19:09:31 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (enc_succ_alnum_char): try to skip an invalid character
+	  gap between GREEK CAPITAL RHO and SIGMA.
+	  [ruby-core:74478] [Bug #12204]
+
+Mon Mar 21 18:55:49 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* node.c (rb_gc_mark_node): NODE_MATCH2 can have nd_args, u3,
+	  since r54100.
+
+Sun Mar 20 21:17:13 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h (rb_int128t2big): declare only when HAVE_INT128_T.
+	  fixed a compile error with VC++ introduced at r54203.
+
+Sun Mar 20 20:10:14 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h (DLONG): defined if long is 32bit (and LONG_LONG is 64bit;
+	  but LONG_LONG is always defined as 64bit), or there's int128_t.
+
+	* internal.h (DL2NUM): defined if DLONG is defined.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_fix_mul_fix): defined for `Fixnum * Fixnum`.
+
+	* insns.def (opt_mul): use rb_fix_mul_fix().
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_mul): ditto.
+
+	* time.c (mul): ditto.
+
+Sun Mar 20 18:53:49 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_gt, fix_ge, fix_lt, fix_le): optimize comparisons
+	  Fixnum against Bignum by rb_big_cmp in inversed order without
+	  new Bignum instance.
+
+Sun Mar 20 18:44:52 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* time.c (add): remove FIXABLE() which is in LONG2NUM().
+
+	* time.c (sub): ditto.
+
+	* time.c (mul): ditto.
+
+Sun Mar 20 04:46:02 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_cmp): reduce the code.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_eq): If normalized bignum is still bignum,
+	  it must be larger than fixnum.
+
+Sat Mar 20 00:58:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_big_odd_p, rb_big_even_p): move to
+	  internal.h so that they are exported only for ruby itself.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_big_odd_p, rb_big_even_p): ditto.
+
+Sat Mar 19 21:56:23 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::StatusLine#failed): defer
+	  failed messages until the end in verbose mode, to get rid of
+	  interleaving failures with progress messages.
+
+Sat Mar 19 21:53:35 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_cmp): invert the result as the comparison is
+	  inverted.
+
+Sat Mar 19 18:32:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_to_f): raise NotImplementedError when a receiver
+	  class is unknown.
+
+	* test/-ext-/integer/test_my_integer.rb (test_my_integer_to_f): modify
+	  a test for the above change.
+
+Sat Mar 19 18:21:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* bignum.c (Bignum#<=>): remove it because they are unified with
+	  Integer#<=>.
+
+	* numeric.c (Integer#<=>, Fixnum#<=>): move <=> method from Fixnum to
+	  Integer.
+
+	* numeric.c (int_cmp): add this method for Integer#<=>.
+
+	* test/-ext-/integer/test_my_integer.rb (test_my_integer_cmp): add a
+	  test to examine Integer#<=> for unknown subclasses.
+
+Sat Mar 19 14:46:18 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_compile_with_option): make the parser in mild
+	  error.
+
+	* load.c (rb_load_internal0): ditto.
+
+	* parse.y (yycompile0): return the error message within the error
+	  to be raised.  [Feature #11951]
+
+	* parse.y (parser_compile_error): accumulate error messages in the
+	  error_buffer.
+
+Sat Mar 19 03:57:13 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* time.c (LOCALTIME): organize #ifdefs.
+
+	* time.c (GMTIME): define only ifndef HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_GMTOFF.
+
+Sat Mar 19 03:53:31 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (rb_cv_member_struct_tm_tm_gmtoff): For Linux (glibc)
+	  define _BSD_SOURCE for time.h to define struct tm.tm_gmtoff.
+
+	* time.c: define _BSD_SOURCE at the top.
+
+Sat Mar 19 03:00:50 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/-ext-/time/test_new.rb (test_timespec_new): change a gmtoff
+	  test to a better one that does not depend on whether the current
+	  time is in summer time or not.
+
+Fri Mar 19 00:00:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_to_f, Bignum#to_f): removed them because they are
+	  unified with int_to_f and Integer#to_f.
+
+	* numeric.c (int_to_f): treat Bignum values directly.
+
+Fri Mar 18 23:41:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_to_f, fix_to_f): rename fix_to_f to int_to_f, and add
+	  treatment for subclasses which don't have definitions of to_f method.
+
+	* numeric.c (Integer#to_f, Fixnum#to_f): move to_f method from Fixnum
+	  to Integer.
+
+	* ext/-test-/integer/my_integer.c: define helper class for testing
+	  to_f method for a subclass of Integer.
+
+	* ext/-test-/integer/extconf.rb: ditto.
+
+	* ext/-test-/integer/init.c: ditto.
+
+	* test/-ext-/integer/test_my_integer.rb: examine to_f method for a
+	  subclass of Integer.
+
+Fri Mar 18 22:32:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_big_hash): Move to internal.h.
+
+	* internal.h: ditto.
+
+Fri Mar 18 22:10:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* bignum.c (Bignum#eql?): remove its definition because it is unified
+	  with Numeric#eql?.
+
+	* numeric.c (num_eql): treat Bignum values directly.
+
+Fri Mar 18 21:57:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_to_s, Bignum#to_s): remove its definition because
+	  it is unified with Integer#to_s.
+
+	* numeric.c (int_to_s): treat Bignum values directly.
+
+Fri Mar 18 21:30:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_to_s): Move from fix_to_s.
+
+	* numeric.c (Integer#to_s): Move from Fixnum#to_s.
+
+Fri Mar 18 16:22:24 2016  Victor Nawothnig  <Victor.Nawothnig@gmail.com>
+
+	* parse.y (parse_numvar): NTH_REF must be less than a half of
+	  INT_MAX, as it is left-shifted to be ORed with back-ref flag.
+	  [ruby-core:74444] [Bug#12192] [Fix GH-1296]
+
+Fri Mar 18 12:25:30 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (tick): fix missing close parenthesis.  [Fix GH-1291]
+
+Fri Mar 18 10:24:12 2016  Naotoshi Seo  <sonots@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (datetime_to_time): preserve timezone info
+	  [Bug #12189] [Fix GH-1295]
+
+Fri Mar 18 10:17:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_hash): make it public function to be available in
+	  other source files, and remove documentation comment for Bignum#hash.
+
+	* bignum.c (Bignum#hash): remove its definition because it is unified
+	  with Object#hash.
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_big_hash): add a prototype declaration.
+
+	* hash.c (any_hash): treat Bignum values directly.
+
+Fri Mar 18 02:35:12 2016  Naotoshi Seo  <sonots@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/time.rb (parse, strptime): Fix Time.parse/strptime does not
+	  have compatibility with DateTime.parse/strptime in terms of parsing
+	  timezone [Bug #12190] [Fix GH-1297]
+
+Fri Mar 18 02:17:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_zero_p, fix_even_p, fix_odd_p): remove needless
+	  functions.
+
+Fri Mar 18 02:15:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_even_p): treat Fixnum and Bignum values directly.
+
+Fri Mar 18 02:07:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* bignum.c (Bignum#even?, Bignum#odd?): remove definitions
+	  because they are unified with Integer#even? and Integer#odd?.
+
+	* numeric.c (Fixnum#zero?, Fixnum#even?, Fixnum#odd?): remove
+	  definitions because they are unified with Numeric#zero?,
+	  Integer#even?, and Integer#odd?.
+
+	* numeric.c (num_zero_p, int_odd_p): treat Fixnum and
+	  Bignum values directly.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_integer.rb (test_odd_p_even_p): remove meaningless
+	  test case.
+
+Fri Mar 18 01:51:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_even_p, rb_big_odd_p): make them public functions
+	  to be available in other source files.
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_big_even_p, rb_big_odd_p): add prototype
+	  declarations.
+
+Fri Mar 18 00:25:56 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enum.c (ary_inject_op): Implement the specialized code for sum of
+	  float numbers.
+
+Fri Mar 18 00:15:05 2016  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (num_step): use rb_equal for zero check. rb_num_coerce_cmp
+	  created an object which caused extra overhead.
+
+Thu Mar 17 22:21:34 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RB_GC_GUARD_PTR): remove intermediate
+	  macro, and expand for each RB_GC_GUARD.  [Fix GH-1293]
+
+Thu Mar 17 22:08:33 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_specialized_instruction): move specialization
+	  for opt_newarray_max/min from translation phase.
+
+Thu Mar 17 21:52:09 2016  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c, enum.c: make rdoc format consistent.
+
+Thu Mar 17 21:47:57 2016  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: add Array#max, #min, and the optimization.  [Feature #12172]
+
+Thu Mar 17 21:45:02 2016  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (NODE_CALL): add optimization shortcut for Array#max/min.
+	  Now `[x, y].max` is optimized so that a temporal array object is not
+	  created in some condition.  [Feature #12172]
+
+	* insns.def (opt_newarray_max, opt_newarray_min): added.
+
+Thu Mar 17 21:35:52 2016  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_max, rb_ary_min): implement Array#max and min with
+	  arguments.  replace super call with rb_nmin_run.
+
+	* enum.c (nmin_run): exported (as rb_nmin_run).
+
+	* internal.h: added a prototype for rb_nmin_run.
+
+Thu Mar 17 21:24:52 2016  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_max, rb_ary_min): implement a block by itself instead
+	  of delegating Enumerable#max/min.
+
+Thu Mar 17 21:09:34 2016  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_max, rb_ary_min): Array#max and Array#min added.
+	  [Feature #12172]
+
+	* internal.h (OPTIMIZED_CMP): moved from enum.c so that array.c can
+	  use it.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb (test_max, test_min): tests for Array#max
+	  and Array#min.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_enum.rb (test_max, test_min): revised a bit to test
+	  Enumerable#max and #min explicitly.
+
+Thu Mar 17 21:02:42 2016  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.c: struct cmp_opt_data added for refactoring out a data
+	  structure for CMP_OPTIMIZABLE
+
+	* array.c (struct ary_sort_data): use struct cmp_opt_data.
+
+	* enum.c (struct min_t, max_t, min_max_t): use struct cmp_opt_data.
+
+Thu Mar 17 20:55:21 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enum.c (ary_inject_op): Extracted from enum_inject.
+
+Thu Mar 17 18:39:04 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_inject): Implement the specialized code for sum of
+	  integers including Bignums.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_fix_plus): Declared to be usable from enum_inject.
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_fix_plus): Defined.
+
+Thu Mar 17 17:20:28 2016  Anton Davydov  <antondavydov.o@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_sync.c: [DOC] Update documentation for Queue class
+	  description.  [Fix GH-1292]
+
+Thu Mar 17 17:14:51 2016  Dinar Valeev  <dvaleev@suse.com>
+
+	* gc.c (tick): Use __builtin_ppc_get_timebase for POWER arch.
+	  [Fix GH-1291]
+
+Thu Mar 17 11:51:48 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/securerandom.rb (gen_random): to avoid blocking on Windows.
+	  On Windows OpenSSL RAND_bytes (underlying implementation is
+	  RAND_poll in crypto/rand/rand_win.c) may be blocked at
+	  NetStatisticsGet.
+	  https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php/Random_Numbers#Windows_Issues
+	  Instead of this, use Random.raw_seed directly (whose implementation
+	  CryptGenRandom is one of the source of
+	  entropy of RAND_poll on Windows).
+	  https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php/Random_Numbers
+	  Note: CryptGenRandom function is PRNG and doesn't check its entropy,
+	  so it won't block. [Bug #12139]
+	  https://msdn.microsoft.com/ja-jp/library/windows/desktop/aa379942.aspx
+	  https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4086#section-7.1.3
+	  https://eprint.iacr.org/2007/419.pdf
+	  http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~dolev/pubs/thesis/msc-thesis-leo.pdf
+
+Thu Mar 17 12:09:00 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Fixed two macro definitions.
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: Test cases that detected
+	  the above bugs.
+
+Thu Mar 17 11:36:27 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c (inspect_tcpi_msec): more accurate condition
+	  for TCPI msec member inspection function.
+	  [ruby-core:74388] [Bug #12185]
+
+Thu Mar 17 08:13:43 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/-ext-/time/test_new.rb (test_timespec_new): Time#gmtoff values
+	  are the same only when both or neither of the Time objects are in
+	  summer time (daylight-saving time).
+
+Thu Mar 17 07:17:36 2016  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* marshal.c (r_object0):  raise ArgumentError when linking to undefined
+	  object.
+
+Thu Mar 17 00:45:00 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_bignum.rb: Make sure to use Bignum values in the tests.
+
+Wed Mar 16 23:10:25 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* defs/keywords (alias, undef): symbol literals are allowed.
+
+	* parse.y (parse_percent): should parse symbol literals for alias
+	  and undef.  [ruby-dev:47681] [Bug #8851]
+
+Wed Mar 16 21:39:39 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/trans/JIS: update Unicode's notice. [Bug #11844]
+
+Wed Mar 16 20:03:35 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (proc_binding): proc from symbol can not make a binding.
+	  [ruby-core:74100] [Bug #12137]
+
+Wed Mar 16 18:42:45 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: Fixed and activated a test for Cherokee.
+
+Wed Mar 16 17:58:56 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: Fixed a logical error.
+
+Wed Mar 16 17:57:34 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: Adding tests for Cherokee.
+	  One test not yet working.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Wed Mar 16 15:44:05 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: Adding tests for actual Unicode
+	  case mapping. Fixing some aliasing issues.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Tue Mar 15 21:38:28 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_inject): Consider redefinition of Fixnum#+.
+	  [ruby-dev:49510] [Bug#12178] Reported by usa.
+
+Tue Mar 15 20:32:57 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_inject): Implement the specialized code for :+ operator
+	  for Fixnums.
+
+Tue Mar 15 20:21:01 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_inject): Implement the specialized code for self is an
+	  array and a symbol operator is given.
+
+Tue Mar 15 16:29:51 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Eliminating common code.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Tue Mar 15 16:17:09 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Expansion of some code repetition in preparation for
+	  elimination of common code pieces.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Tue Mar 15 13:49:23 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Additional macros and code to use mapping data in
+	  CaseMappingSpecials array.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Tue Mar 15 13:41:22 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h (rb_gc_mark_global_tbl): should be private,
+	  but was accidentally exported.
+
+Tue Mar 15 12:51:06 2016  Marcus Stollsteimer  <sto.mar@web.de>
+
+	* doc/extension.ja.rdoc: Fix RDoc markup in doc/extension*.rdoc.
+	  [ci skip][Bug #12143][ruby-core:74143]
+	* doc/extension.rdoc: ditto.
+
+Tue Mar 15 09:56:41 2016  Ian Lunderskov  <ian.lunderskov@gmail.com>
+
+	* time.c: Minor typo in Time#dst? documentation.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1290]
+
+Tue Mar 15 04:36:41 2016  Charles Oliver Nutter  <headius@headius.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (test_disable): add tests for
+	  --disable-gems and --disable-did_you_mean.
+
+Tue Mar 15 03:35:04 2016  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* marshal.c (r_object0): Fix Marshal crash for corrupt extended object.
+
+Tue Mar 15 01:22:27 2016  Charles Oliver Nutter  <headius@headius.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb: make version matching support
+	  JRuby's version output.
+
+Mon Mar 14 19:05:39 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* bignum.c (big2str_2bdigits): reduce div instruction.
+
+Mon Mar 14 18:39:53 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* include/ruby/oniguruma.h, enc/unicode.c: Adjusting flag assignments
+	  and macros to work with unified CaseMappingSpecials array.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Mon Mar 14 16:53:37 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (compile_named_capture_assign): optimize named capture
+	  assignments, by replacing repeating global variable accesses
+	  with `dup`, and by returning the matched result instead of
+	  re-getting it from the MatchData.
+
+	* parse.y (reg_named_capture_assign_gen): build just assignment
+	  nodes for the optimization.
+
+Mon Mar 14 16:02:59 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (ruby_is_fd_loadable): now return -1 if loadable but
+	  may block.
+
+	* ruby.c (open_load_file): wait to read by the result of
+	  ruby_is_fd_loadable, without fstat.
+
+Mon Mar 14 13:38:38 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (fix2str): improve r54092 like rb_int2big().
+
+Mon Mar 14 10:02:23 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_sslctx_setup): document as MT-unsafe
+	  [ruby-core:73803] [Bug #12069]
+
+Sun Mar 13 09:43:23 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/win32.h (O_SHARE_DELETE): change to fit Fixnum
+	  limit.  [ruby-core:74285] [Bug #12171]
+
+Sun Mar 13 09:15:45 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_fix2str): fix edge case, accidentally generated
+	  wrong Fixnum from LONG_MIN.
+
+Sat Mar 12 09:50:27 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_f_catch): [DOC] fix malformed RDoc syntax, "+...+"
+	  cannot enclose non-identifier characters.
+	  a patch by Sebastian S in [ruby-core:74278].  [Bug#12170]
+
+Sat Mar 12 02:44:48 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit.rb: describe !/REGEXP/ in the help message.
+
+Fri Mar 11 17:03:09 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit.rb (Options#non_options): make regexp name
+	  options prefixed with "!" negative filters.
+
+	* common.mk (TEST_EXCLUDES): use negative filter to exclude memory
+	  leak tests.  -x option excludes test files, not test methods.
+
+Fri Mar 11 16:11:27 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb, casefold.h: Streamlining approach to
+	  case mapping data not available from case folding by unifying all
+	  three cases (special title, special upper, special lower).
+	* enc/unicode.c: Adjust macro names for above (macros are currently inactive).
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Thu Mar 10 17:34:16 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (prepare_iseq_build): enable coverage by coverage_enabled
+	  option, not by parse_in_eval flag in the thread context.
+
+	* iseq.h (rb_compile_option_struct): add coverage_enabled flag.
+
+	* parse.y (yycompile0): set coverage_enabled flag if coverage
+	  array is made.
+
+Thu Mar 10 15:19:54 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* node.c (dump_option): nd_compile_option is a hidden hash object,
+	  cannot call inspect on it.
+
+Thu Mar 10 09:49:54 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/socket/test_socket.rb (test_udp_recvmsg_truncation):
+	  AIX does not set the MSG_TRUNC flag for a message partially read
+	  by recvmsg(2) with the MSG_PEEK flag set.
+
+Wed Mar  9 16:48:45 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/driver.rb: fix my last commit (syntax error).
+
+Wed Mar  9 16:41:44 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/driver.rb: fix output messages.
+
+	* benchmark/memory_wrapper.rb: use respond_to? because
+	  member? does not work well.
+
+Wed Mar  9 16:20:25 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/driver.rb: support memory usage benchmark.
+	  use `--measure-target=[target]'.
+	  Now, we can use the following targets:
+	    * real (default): real time which returns process time in sec.
+	    * peak: peak memory usage (physical memory) in bytes.
+	    * size: last memory usage (physical memory) in bytes.
+
+	* benchmark/memory_wrapper.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Mar  9 15:04:22 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm3_gc_old_full.rb: add GC.start benchmark.
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm3_gc_old_immediate.rb: ditto.
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm3_gc_old_lazy.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Mar  9 14:59:11 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/driver.rb: exit benchmarking if a benchmark process
+	  receives signals.
+
+Wed Mar  9 13:22:49 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/lib/memory_status.rb: make Memory::Status independent of
+	  MiniTest::Skip.
+
+	* test/lib/test/unit/assertions.rb (assert_no_memory_leak): skip
+	  if Memory::Status is not available.
+
+Wed Mar  9 09:19:55 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/io/wait/test_io_wait.rb (test_wait_readwrite_timeout):
+	  select(2) in AIX returns "readable" for the write-side fd
+	  of a pipe, so it is not possible to use a pipe to test
+	  the read-write timeout of IO#wait on AIX.
+
+Wed Mar  9 03:35:22 2016  Charles Oliver Nutter  <headius@headius.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_require.rb (test_require_with_loaded_features_pop):
+	  Only remove PATH so threads don't accidentally double-pop.
+
+Wed Mar  9 00:29:46 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_alias): the original name should be properly
+	  available method_added method, set the name before calling the
+	  hook.
+
+Wed Mar  9 00:07:03 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb (Logger::LogDevice#initialize): define using
+	  keyword arguments.
+
+Tue Mar  8 23:37:07 2016  Charles Oliver Nutter  <headius@headius.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb: split out the test for no stack error
+	  on large input for test_permutation, test_repeated_permutation,
+	  and test_repeated_combination, and make them all timeout:30.
+
+Tue Mar  8 17:20:21 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* intern.h (rb_divmod): assume compilers `/` and `%` comply C99
+	  and reduce branching. If a compiler doesn't comply, add #ifdefs.
+
+	* intern.h (rb_div): added for Ruby's behavior.
+
+	* intern.h (rb_mod): added for Ruby's behavior.
+
+	* insns.def (opt_div): use rb_div.
+
+	* insns.def (opt_mod): use rb_mod.
+
+	* numeric.c (fixdivmod): removed.
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_divide): use rb_div.
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_mod): use rb_mod.
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_divmod): use rb_divmod.
+
+Tue Mar  8 17:53:09 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* insns.def (opt_mod): show its method name on ZeroDivisionError.
+	  [Bug #12158]
+
+Tue Mar  8 17:33:38 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_write_console): now no need to check
+	  ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED because it is for old Win9X.
+
+Tue Mar  8 16:54:29 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_write_console): stop the VT100 emulation if the
+	  console supports it natively.
+
+Tue Mar  8 08:13:01 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/net/imap/test_imap.rb (test_idle_timeout): Because of the
+	  timeout specified in "imap.idle(0.2)", there is no guarantee that
+	  the server thread has done all the work before the client thread
+	  performs the assertions. It depends on the thread scheduling.
+	  Add checks to avoid false positives (on AIX, particularly).
+
+Tue Mar  8 00:42:22 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (warn_cr_in_shebang): meaningless check on DOSISH platforms.
+	  fixed a test failure introduced at r53998.
+
+Tue Mar  8 00:27:53 2016  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/tablelist_tile.rb: fix method name typo.
+	  [ruby-core:72513] [Bug #11893] The patch provided by Akira Matsuda.
+
+
+Tue Mar  8 00:25:08 2016  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/toolbar.rb: fix method name typo.
+	  [ruby-core:72511] [Bug #11891] The patch provided by Akira Matsuda.
+
+
+Tue Mar  8 00:21:58 2016  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tree.rb: fix method name typo.
+	  [ruby-core:72510] [Bug #11890] The patch provided by Akira Matsuda.
+
+
+Tue Mar  8 00:11:47 2016  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk/menubar.rb: fix a typo in font name. [ruby-core:72505]
+	  [Bug #11886] The patch provided by Akira Matsuda.
+
+	* ext/tk/sample/*.rb: ditto.
+
+Mon Mar  7 13:32:58 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (rb_define_class, rb_define_class_id_under): raise
+	  ArgumentError if super is 0, deprecated behavior which has been
+	  warned long time.
+
+Mon Mar  7 13:28:30 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h: move function declarations for class internals from
+	  include/ruby/intern.h.
+
+Mon Mar  7 10:58:07 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole_event.c (rescue_callback): use
+	  rb_write_error_str instead of rb_write_error, to respect
+	  the encoding and prevent the message from GC.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_write_error_str): export.
+
+Mon Mar  7 01:38:41 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_execopts_gid): Skip a test
+	  that is known to fail on AIX. AIX allows setgid to
+	  a supplementary group, but Ruby does not allow the "-e"
+	  option when setgid'ed, so the test does not work as intended.
+
+Sun Mar  6 22:43:41 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_obj_display): [DOC] fix output of Array, as Array#to_s
+	  is same as Array#inspect since 1.9.
+
+Sat Mar  5 09:50:58 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/socket/test_addrinfo.rb (test_ipv6_address_predicates):
+	  IN6_IS_ADDR_V4COMPAT and IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED are broken
+	  on AIX, so skip related tests.
+
+Sat Mar  5 09:17:54 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb (test_make_socket_ipv4_multicast):
+	  The fifth argument to getsockopt(2) should be modified to
+	  indicate the actual size of the value on return,
+	  but not in AIX. This is a know bug. Skip related tests.
+	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb (test_ring_server_ipv4_multicast):
+	  ditto.
+	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb (test_make_socket_unicast): ditto.
+	* test/socket/test_basicsocket.rb (test_getsockopt): ditto.
+	* test/socket/test_sockopt.rb (test_bool): ditto.
+
+Sat Mar  5 07:36:27 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/-ext-/float/test_nextafter.rb: In AIX,
+	  nextafter(+0.0,-0.0)=+0.0, and nextafter(-0.0,+0.0)=-0.0,
+	  but they should return -0.0 and +0.0, respectively. This is
+	  a known bug in nextafter(3) on AIX, so skip related tests.
+
+Sat Mar  5 07:14:10 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/zlib/test_zlib.rb (test_adler32_combine, test_crc32_combine):
+	  Skip two tests on AIX because zconf.h in zlib does not correctly
+	  recognize _LARGE_FILES in AIX. The problem was already reported
+	  to zlib, and skip these tests until it is fixed.
+
+Sat Mar  5 03:07:40 2016  Rei Odaira  <Rei.Odaira@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (getstack): __pi_stacksize returned by
+	  pthread_getthrds_np() is wrong on AIX. Use
+	  __pi_stackend - __pi_stackaddr instead.
+
+Fri Mar  4 19:19:42 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: use 2 bits with unsigned int for rb_objspace::flags::mode
+	  because it always returns 0 to 2 (non-negative value).
+
+Fri Mar  4 18:42:08 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: rename "enum gc_stat" to "enum gc_mode"
+	  because there is a same name (no related) function gc_stat().
+
+	  Also gc_stat_* are renamed to gc_mode_*,
+	  gc_stat_transition() to gc_mode_transition(),
+	  rb_objspace::flags::stat is renamed to rb_objspace::flags::mode.
+
+	  Change rb_objspace::flags::mode from 2 bits to 3 bits because VC++
+	  returns negative enum value with 2 bits.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mode): add a macro to access rb_objspace::flags::mode
+	  with verification code (verification is enabled only on
+	  RGENGC_CHECK_MODE > 0).
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mode_set): same macro for setter.
+
+Fri Mar  4 09:28:18 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb, lib/rubygems/*, test/rubygems/*: Update rubygems-2.6.1.
+	  Please see entries of 2.6.0 and 2.6.1 on
+	  https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/blob/master/History.txt
+	  [fix GH-1270] Patch by @segiddins
+
+Thu Mar  3 14:09:00 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/ostruct.rb (modifiable?, new_ostruct_member!, table!):
+	  rename methods for internal use with suffixes and make private,
+	  [ruby-core:71069] [Bug #11587]
+
+Wed Mar  2 16:28:48 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (method_missing): call by found method entry and get
+	  rid of searching the same method entry twice.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_body): calling method_missing method is
+	  method_missing().
+
+Wed Mar  2 15:13:33 2016  herwinw  <herwin@quarantainenet.nl>
+
+	* lib/xmlrpc.rb: Removed broken parser named XMLScanStreamParser.
+	  It's not works with current Ruby version.
+	  [fix GH-1271][ruby-core:59588][Bug #9369]
+	* lib/xmlrpc/config.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/xmlrpc/parser.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Mar  2 15:08:33 2016  herwinw  <herwin@quarantainenet.nl>
+
+	* lib/xmlrpc.rb: Removed broken parser named XMLTreeParser.
+	  Required gem of its parser didn't compile on newer Ruby versions.
+	  [fix GH-1271][ruby-core:59590][Bug #9370]
+	* lib/xmlrpc/config.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/xmlrpc/parser.rb: ditto.
+
+Tue Mar  1 11:25:48 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb: use keyword arguments instead of option
+	  hashes.
+
+Mon Feb 29 16:50:20 2016  hanachin  <hanachin@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_push_m): [DOC] Remove trailing comma from
+	  Array#push example, as other Array examples doesn't put trailing
+	  comma.  [Fix GH-1279]
+
+Mon Feb 29 16:31:01 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk, tool/mkconfig.rb: set cross_compiling option from
+	  Makefile, but not from rbconfig.rb, which is just going to be
+	  created by this command.
+
+Sun Feb 28 23:13:49 2016  C.J. Collier  <cjcollier@linuxfoundation.org>
+
+	* configure.in: Add summary to end of configure output.
+	  [Fix GH-1275]
+
+Sun Feb 28 20:23:36 2016  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
+
+	* lib/drb/drb.rb (error_print): Add verbose failure messages and
+	  avoid infamous DRb::DRbConnError. [Feature #12101]
+
+Sun Feb 28 13:40:46 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (nometh_err_initialize): add private_call? parameter.
+
+	* error.c (nometh_err_private_call_p): add private_call? method,
+	  to tell if the exception raised in private form FCALL or VCALL.
+	  [Feature #12043]
+
+	* vm_eval.c (make_no_method_exception): append private_call?
+	  argument.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (ci_missing_reason): copy FCALL flag.
+
+Sun Feb 28 10:19:47 2016  Ryan T. Hosford  <tad.hosford@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_and): clarify that set intersection returns the
+	  unique elements common to both arrays.
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_or): clarify that union preserves the order from
+	  the given arrays.
+
+Sat Feb 27 17:05:29 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb, casefold.h: Reducing size of TitleCase
+	  table by eliminating duplicates.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Fri Feb 26 14:40:48 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (num_step_scan_args): comparison String with Numeric
+	  should raise TypeError. it is an invalid type, but not a
+	  mismatch the number of arguments.  [ruby-core:62430] [Bug #9810]
+
+Fri Feb 26 14:39:39 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/extension.rdoc, doc/extension.ja.rdoc: add editor local
+	  variables, with commenting out by :enddoc: directives which are
+	  just ignored unless code object mode.  [Bug #12111]
+
+Fri Feb 26 12:25:56 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/extension.ja.rdoc: removed rendering error caused by editor specific
+	  configuration on http://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/trunk/extension_rdoc.html .
+	  [Bug #12111][ruby-core:73990]
+
+Fri Feb 26 11:21:41 2016  herwinw  <herwin@quarantainenet.nl>
+
+	* lib/xmlrpc.rb: Removed references to NQXML. It's obsoleted parser.
+	  [fix GH-1245][ruby-core:59593][Feature #9371]
+	* lib/xmlrpc/config.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/xmlrpc/parser.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Feb 26 11:10:19 2016  Rick Salevsky  <rsalevsky@suse.com>
+
+	* lib/tmpdir.rb: Unify to coding-style for method definition.
+	  [fix GH-1252]
+
+Fri Feb 26 11:02:04 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* README.md: update markdown syntax for anchor tag.
+	  [fix GH-1265] Patch by @lukBarros
+
+Fri Feb 26 10:52:29 2016  Alex Boyd  <alex@opengroove.org>
+
+	* lib/irb.rb: avoid to needless truncation when using back_trace_limit option.
+	  [fix GH-1205][ruby-core:72773][Bug #11969]
+
+Fri Feb 26 08:11:58 2016  Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gem_prelude.rb: Reduce system calls by activating the `did_you_mean`
+	  gem before requiring the gem.  Activating the gem puts the gem on
+	  the load path, where simply requiring the file will search every gem
+	  that's installed until it can find a gem that contains the
+	  `did_you_mean` file.
+
+Thu Feb 25 19:04:13 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb: Adding possibility for debugging output
+	  for TitleCase table in casefold.h.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Wed Feb 24 22:31:13 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* include/ruby/oniguruma.h: Rearranging flag assignments and making
+	  space for titlecase indices; adding additional macros to add or
+	  extract titlecase index; adding comments for better documentation.
+	* enc/unicode.c: Moving some macros to include/ruby/oniguruma.h;
+	  activating use of titlecase indices.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Wed Feb 24 21:03:04 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* random.c (limited_rand): Add a specialized path for when the limit fits
+	  in 32 bit.
+
+Tue Feb 23 21:52:24 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb, casefold.h: Outputting actual titlecase
+	  data (new table, with indices from other tables).
+	* enc/unicode.c: Ignoring titlecase data indices for the moment.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Tue Feb 23 15:21:14 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb, casefold.h: Reading casing data from
+	  SpecialCasing.txt.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Mon Feb 22 18:33:55 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb, casefold.h: Adding flag for title-case,
+	  not yet operational.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Mon Feb 22 18:17:03 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb, casefold.h: Fixed bug that avoided inclusion
+	  of compatibility characters in upper-/lower-case mappings.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Sun Feb 21 13:57:18 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cgi/escape/escape.c: Optimize CGI.unescape performance by C ext
+	  for ASCII-compatible encodings.  [Fix GH-1250]
+
+Sun Feb 21 13:56:57 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cgi/escape/escape.c: Optimize CGI.unescapeHTML performance by C
+	  ext for ASCII-compatible encodings.  [Fix GH-1242]
+
+Sat Feb 20 15:38:16 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* doc/extension.rdoc: update paths for defs/ directory
+
+Sat Feb 20 14:44:15 2016  Lucas Buchala  <lucasbuchala@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_mod_module_eval): [DOC] Fix documentation
+	  signature for Module#module_eval.  [Fix GH-1258]
+
+Sat Feb 20 14:40:44 2016  Adam O'Connor  <northband@gmail.com>
+
+	* README.md: a few grammatical changes to the main Ruby README.md.
+	  [Fix GH-1259]
+
+Sat Feb 20 13:04:22 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (push_pattern, push_glob): deal with read paths as UTF-8
+	  to stat later, on Windows as well as OS X.
+	  [ruby-core:73868] [Bug #12081]
+
+Sat Feb 20 01:53:33 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_mod_const_get): make error message at uninterned
+	  string consistent with symbols.  [ruby-dev:49498] [Bug #12089]
+
+Fri Feb 19 23:37:52 2016  Masahiro Tomita  <tommy@tmtm.org>
+
+	* lib/find.rb (Find#find): raise with the given path name if it
+	  does not exist.  [ruby-dev:49497] [Bug #12087]
+
+Fri Feb 19 12:44:57 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Activated use of case mapping data in CaseUnfold_11 array.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Fri Feb 19 11:08:32 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb: add cygwin case, nothing excluded.
+	  [ruby-core:73806] [Bug#12071]
+
+Thu Feb 18 21:32:15 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* man/irb.1: fix output in EXAMPLES.
+
+Thu Feb 18 21:05:47 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (sym_match_m): delegate to String#match but not
+	  String#=~.  [ruby-core:72864] [Bug #11991]
+
+Thu Feb 18 14:15:38 2016  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* re.c: Add MatchData#named_captures
+	  [Feature #11999] [ruby-core:72897]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb(test_match_data_named_captures): Test for above.
+
+	* NEWS: News about MatchData#named_captures.
+
+Wed Feb 17 21:41:29 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* defs/id.def (predefined): add idLASTLINE and idBACKREF for $_
+	  and $~ respectively.
+
+	* parse.y: use idLASTLINE and idBACKREF instead of rb_intern.
+
+Wed Feb 17 20:23:38 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_init): fix segfault and memory leak, consider
+	  wide char encoding terminator.
+
+Wed Feb 17 12:14:59 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_init): introduce String.new(capacity: size)
+	  [Feature #12024]
+
+Tue Feb 16 19:10:08 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb, casefold.h: Used only first element
+	  (rather than all) of target in CaseUnfold_11 array.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Tue Feb 16 18:24:38 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (compare_with_zero): fix variable name, rb_cmperr
+	  requires VALUEs but not an ID.
+
+Tue Feb 16 17:34:18 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (rb_dir_s_empty_p): add Dir.empty? method, which tells the
+	  argument is the name of an empty directory.  [Feature #10121]
+
+Tue Feb 16 09:51:20 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb (without_destdir): just strip a drive letter
+	  which is prepended by with_destdir.
+	  pointed out by @DavidEGrayson.
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/0e5f9ae#commitcomment-16101763
+
+Tue Feb 16 04:42:13 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* insns.def (opt_plus): simply use LONG2NUM() instead of wrongly
+	  complex overflow case.
+
+	* insns.def (opt_sub): ditto.
+
+Tue Feb 16 02:49:41 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb (without_destdir): compare with the destdir
+	  after stripping a drive letter, on dosish platforms.
+	  pointed out by @DavidEGrayson.
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/d0cf23b#commitcomment-16100407
+
+Mon Feb 15 15:44:09 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parse_ident): allow keyword arguments just after a
+	  method where the same name local variable is defined.
+	  [ruby-core:73816] [Bug#12073]
+
+Mon Feb 15 14:43:28 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb: Added debugging option
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Sun Feb 14 17:31:50 2016  Lars Kanis  <lars@greiz-reinsdorf.de>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (with_{cpp,c,ld}flags): copy caller strings not to
+	  be modified, in append_{cpp,c,ld}flags respectively.
+	  [Fix GH-1246]
+
+Sun Feb 14 16:18:57 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (setup_exception): set the cause only if it is explicitly
+	  given or not set yet.  [Bug #12068]
+
+Sat Feb 13 21:44:58 2016  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_invert): [DOC] more examples.
+
+Sat Feb 13 17:30:49 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#find_proxy): support CIDR in
+	  no_proxy.  [ruby-core:73769] [Feature#12062]
+
+Sat Feb 13 17:11:58 2016  Fabian Wiesel  <fabian.wiesel@sap.com>
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (find_proxy): exclude white-spaces and allow
+	  for a leading dot in the domain name in no_proxy.
+	  [ruby-core:54542] [Feature #8317]
+
+Fri Feb 12 12:20:56 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (name_err_initialize, nometh_err_initialize): [DOC] fix
+	  argument positions.  optional parameters except for the message
+	  are placed at the last.
+
+Fri Feb 12 11:49:49 2016  Anthony Dmitriyev  <antstorm@gmail.com>
+
+	* net/ftp.rb: add NullSocket#closed? to fix closing not opened
+	  connection.  [Fix GH-1232]
+
+Fri Feb 12 11:17:38 2016  Bogdan  <bogdanvlviv@gmail.com>
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_initialize_m): [DOC] fix missing right bracket.
+	  [Fix GH-1243]
+
+Thu Feb 11 14:57:58 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF, RUBY_DEFINT): fix for types
+	  which are conditionally available depending on architectures
+	  when universal binary, e.g., __int128.
+
+Thu Feb 11 06:26:18 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_DEFINT): use Parameter Expansion.
+
+Thu Feb 11 05:33:24 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (int128_t): don't check HAVE_XXX (for example
+	  HAVE___INT128) because RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF() don't define it for
+	  config.h and use of $ac_cv_sizeof___int128 alternates the check.
+	  (and don't need to define because users shouldn't know that)
+
+Wed Feb 10 12:03:41 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (ARFLAGS): check if deterministic mode flag is
+	  effective, which is on by default on Ubuntu.
+
+Tue Feb  9 16:36:23 2016  Naotoshi Seo  <sonots@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb: Remove block from Logger.add as it's not needed
+	  patch provided by Daniel Lobato Garcia [fix GH-1240] [Bug #12054]
+
+Tue Feb  9 14:32:23 2016  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c: Document mtime header behavior with patch by @schneems
+	  Fixes [GH-1129]: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/1129
+
+Tue Feb  9 13:52:49 2016  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c: Remove deprecated kcode argument from Regexp.new and compile
+	  patch provided by Dylan Pulliam [Bug #11495]
+
+Mon Feb  8 21:26:19 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb, enc/unicode/casefold.h: Flags for
+	  upper/lower conversion added (titlecase and SpecialCasing still missing)
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Mon Feb  8 20:43:57 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c, enc/unicode.c: Disassociating ONIGENC_CASE_FOLD flag from
+	  ONIGENC_CASE_DOWNCASE.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Mon Feb  8 13:00:17 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Shortened macros for enc/unicode/casefold.h to
+	  single-letter; use flags in casefold.h for logic.
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb: Added flag for case folding.
+	  Changed parameter passing.
+
+	* enc/unicode/casefold.h: New flags added.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Mon Feb  8 10:30:10 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (feature_option): raise a runtime error if ambiguous
+	  feature name is given, in the future.  [Bug #12050]
+
+Mon Feb  8 09:43:57 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* common.mk: Removed enc/unicode/casefold.h from automatic build because
+	  some CI systems don't have gperf. Creation of enc/unicode/casefold.h
+	  is now possible with make unicode-up. This is intended as a temporary measure.
+
+Sun Feb  7 22:10:08 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* common.mk: Added two more precondition files for enc/unicode/casefold.h
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Added shortening macros for enc/unicode/casefold.h
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb: Fixed file encoding for CaseFolding.txt
+	  to ASCII-8BIT (should fix some ci errors). Clarified usage. Created
+	  class MapItem. Partially implemented class CaseMapping.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Sun Feb  7 14:12:32 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb: Fixing parameter passing.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Sun Feb  7 11:44:03 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb: New classes CaseMapping/CaseMappingDummy
+	  to pass as parameters; not yet implemented or used.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Sun Feb  7 11:16:00 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* common.mk: using new option in recipe for enc/unicode/casefold.h
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb: Correctly specify argument to new option.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Sun Feb  7 10:43:27 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	(this commit message applies to the previous commit)
+	* common.mk: explicit recipe for enc/unicode/casefold.h
+
+	* enc/unicode/case-folding.rb: Adding -m option to prepare for using
+	  multiple data files.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Sat Feb  6 22:30:57 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/cgi/util.rb (escapeHTML, unescapeHTML): consider
+	  ASCII-incompatible encodings.  [Fix GH-1239]
+
+Sat Feb  6 15:18:28 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_regex_casefold.rb: Added data-based testing for
+	  String#downcase :fold.
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Fixed a range error (lowest non-ASCII character affected
+	  by case operations is U+00B5, MICRO SIGN)
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: Explicit test for case folding of
+	  MICRO SIGN to Greek mu.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Sat Feb  6 14:51:23 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_regex_casefold.rb: Tests for three case folding
+	  primitives (mbc_case_fold, get_case_fold_codes_by_str,
+	  apply_all_case_fold) in the various encodings. Currently only known
+	  good encodings are tested to avoid test failures. For bug hunting,
+	  start by adding more encodings with
+	  generate_test_casefold encoding
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Sat Feb  6 14:37:16 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c, test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: Implemented :fold
+	  option for String#downcase by using case folding data from
+	  regular expression engine, and added a few simple tests.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Fri Feb  5 20:08:59 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: added tests for :ascii option.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Fri Feb  5 12:22:20 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* insns.def (opt_mult): Use int128_t for overflow detection.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_uint128t2big): added for opt_mult.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_uint128t2big): added for rb_uint128t2big..
+
+	* configure.in: define int128_t, uint128_t and related MACROs.
+	  Initially introduced by r41379 but reverted by r50749.
+
+Thu Feb  4 21:05:17 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Activated :ascii flag for ASCII-only case conversion
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Thu Feb  4 17:38:01 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (reg_set_source): make source string frozen without
+	  copying.
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_initialize_m): refactor initialization with
+	  encoding.
+
+Thu Feb  4 15:35:29 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_fstring_enc_new, rb_fstring_enc_cstr): functions to
+	  make fstring with encoding.
+
+Thu Feb  4 14:42:29 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* common.mk: Added Unicode data file SpecialCasing.txt to be additionally
+	  downloaded (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Thu Feb  4 12:39:08 2016  joker1007  <kakyoin.hierophant@gmail.com>
+
+	* cgi/escape/escape.c: Optimize CGI.escape performance by C ext
+	  for ASCII-compatible encodings.  [Fix GH-1238]
+
+Thu Feb  4 11:53:56 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* common.mk: Introduce two variables (UNICODE_DATA_DIR and
+	  UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR) to eliminate repetitions.
+
+Wed Feb  3 12:13:20 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (str_new_frozen): if the given string is embeddedable
+	  but not embedded, embed a new copied string. [Bug #11946]
+
+Wed Feb  3 08:25:38 2016  boshan  <boshan@subsplash.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c (Init_ossl_pkey): [DOC] Fix typo
+	  "encrypted" to "decrypted".  [Fix GH-1235]
+
+Wed Feb  3 08:21:32 2016  Seiei Miyagi  <hanachin@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/ripper/lib/ripper/lexer.rb (on_heredoc_dedent): Fix
+	  Ripper.lex error in dedenting squiggly heredoc.  heredoc tree is
+	  also an array of Elem in the outer tree.  [Fix GH-1234]
+
+Wed Feb  3 02:33:39 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_prepare_enc): use already compiled US-ASCII regexp
+	  if given string is ASCII only.
+	  121.2s to 113.9s on my x86_64-freebsd10.2 Intel Core i5 661
+
+Tue Feb  2 13:02:03 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c: Introduce RREGEXP_PTR.
+	  patch by dbussink.
+	  partially merge https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/497
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: ditto.
+
+	* gc.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/strscan/strscan.c: ditto.
+
+	* parse.y: ditto.
+
+	* string.c: ditto.
+
+Tue Feb  2 09:08:27 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/specification.rb: `coding` is effective only first
+	  line except shebang.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/package.rb, lib/rubygems/package/*: ditto.
+
+Mon Feb  1 21:41:58 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb, lib/rubygems/*, test/rubygems/*: Update rubygems-2.5.2.
+	  It supports to enable frozen string literal and add `--norc` option for
+	  disable to `.gemrc` configuration.
+	  See 2.5.2 release notes for other fixes and enhancements.
+	  https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/blob/a8aa3bac723f045c52471c7b9328310a048561e0/History.txt#L3
+
+Sun Jan 31 12:33:13 2016  Dan Kreiger  <dan@dankreiger.com>
+
+	* test/drb/ut_large.rb (multiply, avg, median): add additional
+	  math operations to DRbLarge.  [Fix GH-1086]
+
+Sun Jan 31 12:19:15 2016  Kuniaki IGARASHI  <igaiga@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb (test_lstat): Add lacking test
+	  for File#lstat.  [Fix GH-1231]
+
+Sun Jan 31 12:15:33 2016  Prayag Verma  <prayag.verma@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/standard_library.rdoc: fix typo  [Fix GH-1230]
+	  Spelling mistakes -
+	  outputing > outputting
+	  publich > publish
+
+Sat Jan 30 15:18:07 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_check_funcall_with_hook): also should call the
+	  given hook before returning Qundef when overridden respond_to?
+	  method returned false.  [ruby-core:73556] [Bug #12030]
+
+Fri Jan 29 17:40:07 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/file.c (rb_readlink): drop garbage after the substitute
+	  name, as rb_w32_read_reparse_point returns the expected buffer
+	  size but "\??\" prefix is dropped from the result.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (w32_readlink): ditto, including NUL-terminator.
+
+Fri Jan 29 17:07:27 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (fileattr_to_unixmode, rb_w32_reparse_symlink_p): volume
+	  mount point should be treated as directory, not symlink.
+	  [ruby-core:72483] [Bug #11874]
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_read_reparse_point): check the reparse point is
+	  a volume mount point or not.
+
+	* win32/file.c (rb_readlink): follow above change (but this pass won't
+	  be used).
+
+Fri Jan 29 16:17:07 2016  Lucas Buchala  <lucasbuchala@gmail.com>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_take_while, enum_drop_while): rename block
+	  parameter to obj, since they are generic objects.  [Fix GH-1226]
+
+Fri Jan 29 14:15:26 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/erb.rb (ERB::Compiler#detect_magic_comment): allow
+	  frozen-string-literal in comment as well as encoding.
+
+	* lib/erb.rb (ERB#def_method): insert def line just before the
+	  first non-comment and non-empty line, not to leave duplicated
+	  and stale magic comments.
+
+Fri Jan 29 11:13:33 2016  Jeremy Evans  <code@jeremyevans.net>
+
+	* lib/erb.rb (ERB#set_eoutvar): explicitly make mutable string as
+	  a buffer to make ERB work with --enable-frozen-string-literal.
+	  [ruby-core:73561] [Bug #12031]
+
+Fri Jan 29 10:44:56 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http/header.rb: Warn nil variable on HTTP Header.
+	  It caused to NoMethodError. [fix GH-952][fix GH-641] Patch by @teosz
+	* test/net/http/test_httpheader.rb: Added test for nil HTTP Header.
+
+Thu Jan 28 17:31:43 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_gethostname): support unlimited size
+	  hostname.
+
+Wed Jan 27 21:03:45 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/-ext-/string/test_capacity.rb: Added missing library.
+
+Wed Jan 27 18:53:40 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Fixed bit mask in macro OnigCodePointCount
+
+Wed Jan 27 17:54:42 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Protect code point count by macro, in order to
+	  be able to use the remaining bits for flags.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Wed Jan 27 16:34:35 2016  boshan  <boshan@subsplash.com>
+
+	* lib/tempfile.rb (Tempfile#initialize): [DOC] the first parameter
+	  `basename` is optional and defaulted to an empty string since
+	  [GH-523].  [Fix GH-1225]
+
+Wed Jan 27 16:25:54 2016  Koichi ITO  <koic.ito@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_dig): [DOC] fix the exception class to be raised
+	  when intermediate object does not have dig method.  TypeError
+	  will be raised now.  [Fix GH-1224]
+
+Tue Jan 26 19:36:15 2016  Aggelos Avgerinos  <evaggelos.avgerinos@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c (permute0, rpermute0): [DOC] Substitute indexes ->
+	  indices in documentation for consistency.  [Fix GH-1222]
+
+Tue Jan 26 15:21:37 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* compile.c (caller_location): use rb_fstring_cstr for "<compiled>"
+	  (it is converted to fstring anyways inside rb_iseq_new_with_opt)
+	* iseq.c (iseqw_s_compile): ditto
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_new_main): use rb_fstring_cstr for "<main>"
+	* vm.c (Init_VM): ditto, share with with above
+	* iseq.c (iseqw_s_compile_file): rb_fstring before rb_io_t->pathv
+	  share "<main>" with above
+	* vm.c (rb_binding_add_dynavars): fstring "<temp>" immediately
+
+Tue Jan 26 15:14:01 2016  Kazuki Yamaguchi  <k@rhe.jp>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_peephole_optimize): don't apply tailcall
+	  optimization to send/invokesuper instructions with blockiseq.
+	  This is a follow-up to the changes in r51903; blockiseq is now
+	  the third operand of send/invokesuper instructions.
+	  [ruby-core:73413] [Bug #12018]
+
+Tue Jan 26 14:26:46 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* signal.c (sig_list): use fstring for hash key
+	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (test_signal_list_dedupe_keys): added
+
+Tue Jan 26 13:08:34 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* signal.c (rb_f_kill): should immediately deliver reserved
+	  signals SIGILL and SIGFPE, not only SIGSEGV and SIGBUS.
+
+Tue Jan 26 07:57:28 2016  Joseph Tibbertsma  <josephtibbertsma@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (RVALUE_PAGE_WB_UNPROTECTED): fix a typo of argument name.
+	  [Fix GH-1221]
+
+Mon Jan 25 17:26:54 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ruby_assert.h (RUBY_ASSERT_WHEN): fix reference to macro name
+	* vm_core.h: include ruby_assert.h before using
+	  [ruby-core:73371]
+
+Mon Jan 25 15:55:30 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* symbol.c (sym_check_asciionly): more informative error message
+	  with the encoding name and the inspected content.
+	  [ruby-core:73398] [Feature #12016]
+
+Mon Jan 25 09:38:26 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_string.rb: added testcase for next!, succ and succ!
+	  [fix GH-1213] Patch by @K0mAtoru
+
+Mon Jan 25 09:32:25 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/filehandler.rb: fix documentation for namespace.
+	  [fix GH-1219][ci skip] Patch by @leafac
+
+Sun Jan 24 19:34:23 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_check_if_namespace): tiny size reduction
+
+Sun Jan 24 18:12:36 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* common.mk: Simplifying Unicode data file download logic to make
+	  it more reliable (including additional fix not in r53633) [Bug #12007]
+
+Sun Jan 24 16:54:11 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/wait/wait.c (io_wait_readwrite): [EXPERIMENTAL] allow to
+	  wait for multiple modes, readable and writable, at once.  the
+	  arguments may change in the future.  [Feature #12013]
+
+Sat Jan 23 22:30:59 2016  K0mA  <mctj1218@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb (test_keep_if): Add test for
+	  Array#keep_if separate from Array#select!  [Fix GH-1218]
+
+Sat Jan 23 20:54:26 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk: revert r53633. It broke rubyci and travis.
+	  https://travis-ci.org/ruby/ruby/builds/104259623
+
+Sat Jan 23 20:10:29 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* range.c (range_eqq): revert r51585 because rb_call_super() is
+	  called in range_include() and thus r51585 doesn't work when the
+	  receiver Range object consists of non linear objects such as Date
+	  objects.
+	  [ruby-core:72908] [Bug #12003]
+
+Sat Jan 23 18:37:37 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* ChangeLog: Fixing wrong time on previous commit, and adding
+	  previous commit message to svn [ci skip]
+
+Sat Jan 23 18:30:30 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* common.mk: Simplifying Unicode data file download logic to make
+	  it more reliable [Bug #12007]
+
+Sat Jan 23 16:29:42 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* tool/downloader.rb: Fixed a logical error, improved documentation
+
+Sat Jan 23 11:42:43 2016  Peter Suschlik  <ps@neopoly.de>
+
+	* README.md: Use SVG Travis badge over PNG for better quality and
+	  device support.  [Fix GH-1214] [Fix GH-1216]
+
+Sat Jan 23 11:29:16 2016  Pascal Betz  <pascal.betz@simplificator.com>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb: Update documentation of CSV header converter for
+	  r45498, [GH-575].  [Fix GH-1215]
+
+Fri Jan 22 17:36:46 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (VM_ASSERT): use RUBY_ASSERT instead of rb_bug.
+
+	* error.c (rb_assert_failure): assertion with stack dump.
+
+	* ruby_assert.h (RUBY_ASSERT): new header for the assertion.
+
+Fri Jan 22 00:25:57 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regparse.c (fetch_name_with_level): allow non word characters
+	  at the first character.  [Feature #11949]
+
+	* regparse.c (fetch_name): ditto.
+
+Thu Jan 21 17:34:01 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (r_object0): honor Marshal.load post proc
+	  value for TYPE_LINK.  by Hiroshi Nakamura <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/1204 fix GH-1204
+
+Thu Jan 21 16:37:50 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (update-rubyspec): fix r53208 like r53451.
+
+Wed Jan 20 20:58:25 2016  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk, Makefile.in: update-config_files is only for Unix
+	  platforms.
+
+Wed Jan 20 17:13:39 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/extlibs.rb: add --cache option to change cache directory.
+
+Tue Jan 19 17:03:40 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* common.mk: Added Unicode data file CaseFolding.txt to be additionally
+	  downloaded (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Tue Jan 19 10:09:58 2016  Sho Hashimoto  <sho-h@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/shell.rb (Shell.debug_output_exclusive_unlock): remove
+	  because Mutex#exclusive_unlock was already deleted. [fix GH-1185]
+
+Tue Jan 19 09:38:27 2016  Nick Cox  <nick@nickcox.me>
+
+	* vm_method.c: fix grammar in respond_to? warning.
+	  [fix GH-1047]
+
+Mon Jan 18 14:37:07 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_here_document): an escaped newline is not an
+	  actual newline, and the rest part should not be dedented.
+	  [ruby-core:72855] [Bug #11989]
+
+Mon Jan 18 12:04:34 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_string.rb: Added extra testcase for test_rstrip_bang
+	  and test_lstrip_bang. [fix GH-1178] Patch by @Matrixbirds
+
+Mon Jan 18 11:47:27 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c: fix a typo. [fix GH-1202][ci skip] Patch by @sunboshan
+
+Sun Jan 17 21:15:30 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: improve ICC (Intel C Compiler) support.
+
+	* configure.in (CXX): The name of icc's c++ compiler is `icpc`.
+
+	* configure.in (warnings): Add `-diag-disable=2259` to suppress
+	  noisy warnings: "non-pointer conversion from "..." to "..." may
+	  lose significant bits".
+
+	* configure.in (optflags): Add `-fp-model precise` like -fno-fast-math.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb: icc supports -Werror=division-by-zero
+	  and -Werror=deprecated-declarations, but doesn't support
+	  -Wdivision-by-zero and -Wdeprecated-declarations.
+
+Sun Jan 17 20:40:10 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c: Any kind of option is now taking the new code path for
+	  upcase/downcase/capitalize/swapcase. :lithuanian can be used for
+	  testing if no specific option is desired.
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: Adjusted to above.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Sun Jan 17 20:10:10 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Fixed a logical error and some comments.
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: Made tests more general.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Sun Jan 17 17:41:41 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Removed artificial expansion for Turkic,
+	  added hand-coded support for Turkic, fixed logic for swapcase.
+	* string.c: Made use of new case mapping code possible from upcase,
+	  capitalize, and swapcase (with :lithuanian as a guard).
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: Adjusted for above.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Sun Jan 17 15:30:57 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c (sockopt_bool): relax boolean size to be one
+	  too not only sizeof(int).  Winsock getsockopt() returns a single
+	  byte as a boolean socket option.  [ruby-core:72730] [Bug #11958]
+
+Sun Jan 17 14:43:01 2016  Kuniaki IGARASHI  <igaiga@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_env.rb: [Fix GH-1201]
+	  * Extract test code for ENV#keep_if from ENV#select_bang
+	  * Add a test case for ENV#select_bang,keep_if
+
+Sun Jan 17 14:42:25 2016  Kuniaki IGARASHI  <igaiga@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_env.rb: [Fix GH-1201]
+	  * Extract test code for ENV#delete_if from ENV#reject_bang
+	  * Add a test case for ENV#reject_bang,delete_if
+
+Sun Jan 17 14:40:22 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c (check_size): extract a macro to check
+	  binary data size, with a consistent message.
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c (sockopt_byte): fix error message,
+	  sizeof(int) differs from sizeof(unsigned char) in general.
+
+Sat Jan 16 21:16:21 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (xstring): reset heredoc indent after dedenting,
+	  so that following string literal would not be dedented.
+	  [ruby-core:72857] [Bug #11990]
+
+Sat Jan 16 17:24:24 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: Artificial mapping to test buffer expansion code.
+	* string.c: Fixed buffer expansion logic.
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: Tests for above.
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Sat Jan 16 16:47:14 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/pkey.rb: Added 2048 bit DH parameter.
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_dh.rb: ditto.
+
+Sat Jan 16 10:51:19 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c: fix implicit conversion error with clang. fixup r53548.
+	* string.c: ditto.
+
+Sat Jan 16 10:31:00 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk: test-sample was changed to test-basic.
+	  [Feature #11982][ruby-core:72823]
+	* basictest/runner.rb: ditto. rename from tool/rubytest.rb.
+	* basictest/test.rb: ditto. rename from sample/test.rb.
+	* defs/gmake.mk: picked from r53540
+	* sample/test.rb: backward compatibility for chkbuild.
+
+Sat Jan 16 10:23:23 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c, enc/unicode.c: New code path as a preparation for Unicode-wide
+	  case mapping. The code path is currently guarded by the :lithuanian
+	  option to avoid accidental problems in daily use.
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_case_mapping.rb: Test for above.
+	* string.c: function 'check_case_options': fixed logical errors
+	  (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Fri Jan 15 20:20:20 2016  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* regint.h (PLATFORM_UNALIGNED_WORD_ACCESS): The value of
+	  UNALIGNED_WORD_ACCESS should be used to determine whether
+	  unaligned word access is allowed or not. After this commit,
+	  ./configure CPPFLAGS="-DUNALIGNED_WORD_ACCESS=0" disables
+	  unaligned word access even on platforms that support the feature.
+
+Fri Jan 15 16:12:10 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (string1): reset heredoc indent for each string literal
+	  so that concatenated string would not be dedented.
+	  [ruby-core:72857] [Bug #11990]
+
+Thu Jan 14 20:01:00 2016  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#to_s): change encoding to
+	  UTF-8 as Ruby 2.2/ by Koichi ITO <koic.ito@gmail.com>
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/1188 fix GH-1188
+
+Thu Jan 14 17:36:16 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_f_global_variables): add matched back references
+	  only, as well as defined? operator.
+
+Thu Jan 14 16:12:09 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): format exact number more exactly.
+
+Thu Jan 14 15:08:43 2016  Tony Arcieri  <bascule@gmail.com>
+
+	* Remove 512-bit DH group. It's affected by LogJam Attack.
+	  https://weakdh.org/
+	  [fix GH-1196][Bug #11968][ruby-core:72766]
+
+Thu Jan 14 11:44:29 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_f_global_variables): add $1..$9 only if $~ is
+	  set.  fix the condition removed at r14014.
+
+Wed Jan 13 17:21:45 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* .travis.yml: removed commented-out code.
+
+Wed Jan 13 17:14:54 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* .travis.yml: removed osx code. follow up with r53517
+
+Wed Jan 13 16:56:19 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_mark): mark parent iseq to prevent dynamically
+	  generated iseq by eval from GC.  [ruby-core:72620] [Bug #11928]
+
+Wed Jan 13 03:42:58 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* class.c (Init_class_hierarchy): resolve name for rb_cObject ASAP
+	* object.c (rb_mod_const_set): move name resolution to rb_const_set
+	* variable.c (rb_const_set): do class resolution here
+	  [ruby-core:72807] [Bug #11977]
+
+Wed Jan 13 00:37:12 2016  Satoshi Ohmori  <sachin21dev@gmail.com>
+
+	* man/ruby.1: fix double word typo.  [Fix GH-1194]
+
+Tue Jan 12 21:01:09 2016  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* common.mk: update URL and name for the Ruby spec suite.
+
+Tue Jan 12 19:52:19 2016  sorah (Shota Fukumori)  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* lib/forwardable.rb: Convert given accessors to String.
+
+	  r53381 changed to accept only Symbol or String for accessors, but
+	  there are several rubygems that pass classes (e.g. Array,
+	  Hash, ...) as accessors. Prior r53381, it was accepted because Class#to_s
+	  returns its class name. After r53381 given accessors are checked
+	  with define_method, but it accepts only Symbol or String, otherwise
+	  raises TypeError.
+
+	      def_delegator Foo, :some_method
+
+	  This change is to revert unexpected incompatibility. But this behavior
+	  may change in the future.
+
+Mon Jan 12 18:41:41 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c: made a variable name more grammatically correct
+
+Mon Jan 12 18:34:34 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c: minor grammar fix [ci skip]
+
+Mon Jan 12 16:09:09 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/enc/test_casing_options.rb: Tests for option
+	  parsing/checking for upcase/downcase/capitalize/swapcase
+	  (see r53503; with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Mon Jan 12 16:03:03 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* string.c: Added option parsing/checking for upcase/downcase/
+	  capitalize/swapcase (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Mon Jan 11 21:28:28 2016  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* include/ruby/oniguruma.h: Added flags needed for upcase/downcase
+	  Unicode addition (with Kimihito Matsui)
+
+Mon Jan 11 09:50:24 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: check if the API version number is consistent with
+	  the program version number.
+
+Sun Jan 10 20:57:25 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (compile_massign_lhs): when index ends with splat,
+	  append rhs value to it like POSTARG, since VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT
+	  splats the last argument only.  [ruby-core:72777] [Bug #11970]
+
+Sun Jan 10 15:45:10 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/missing.h (explicit_bzero_by_memset_s): remove
+	  inline implementation by memset_s, which needs a macro before
+	  including headers and can cause problems in extension libraries
+	  by the order of the macro and headers.
+
+Sun Jan 10 13:41:36 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_deferr): remove long obsolete global
+
+Sun Jan 10 09:14:42 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb (visit_String):
+	  eliminate chomp
+	* lib/net/http.rb (connect): eliminate delete
+	* lib/net/http/header.rb (basic_encode): ditto
+	* lib/net/imap.rb (authenticate): eliminate gsub
+	  (self.encode_utf7): shorten delete arg
+	* lib/net/smtp.rb (base64_encode): eliminate gsub
+	* lib/open-uri.rb (OpenURI.open_http): eliminate delete
+	* lib/rss/rss.rb: ditto
+	* lib/securerandom.rb (base64): ditto
+	  (urlsafe_base64): eliminate delete!
+	* lib/webrick/httpauth/digestauth.rb (split_param_value):
+	  eliminate chop
+	* lib/webrick/httpproxy.rb (do_CONNECT): eliminate delete
+	  (setup_upstream_proxy_authentication): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:72666] [Feature #11938]
+
+Sat Jan  9 23:19:14 2016  Kuniaki IGARASHI  <igaiga@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_hash.rb (test_try_convert): Add test for
+	  Hash.try_convert.  [Fix GH-1190]
+
+Sat Jan  9 23:15:25 2016  Jon Moss  <maclover7@users.noreply.github.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c: Add missing variables to documentation
+	  examples.  [Fix GH-1189]
+
+Sat Jan  9 18:25:57 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* symbol.h (is_attrset_id): ASET is an attrset ID.  fix
+	  unexpected safe call instead of an ordinary ASET.
+
+Sat Jan  9 10:44:33 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in, win32/setup.mak: extract RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION from
+	  RUBY_VERSION in version.h instead of RUBY_API_VERSION numbers in
+	  include/ruby/version.h, and cut it into version numbers.
+
+Sat Jan  9 07:13:33 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: rename PAGE_* to HEAP_PAGE_* because PAGE_SIZE is used
+	  in Mac OS X.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: catch up this fix.
+
+Sat Jan  9 05:45:40 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: PAGE_BITMAP_PLANES (the number of bitmap) is 4, not 3.
+
+Sat Jan  9 05:42:57 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: rename constant names HEAP_* to PAGE_*.
+
+	  Keys of GC::INTERNAL_CONSTANTS are also renamed.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: catch up this fix.
+
+Fri Jan  8 22:30:06 2016  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* doc/regexp.rdoc: [DOC] Elaborate on the \G anchor. [ci skip]
+
+Fri Jan  8 19:49:27 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: remove heap_page::body. Instead of this field,
+	  heap_page::start field works well.
+
+Fri Jan  8 19:31:52 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: rename rb_heap_t::page_length to rb_heap_t::total_pages.
+
+	  `page_length' is not clear (we may understand with length of
+	  a page).
+
+Fri Jan  8 17:07:14 2016  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c: remove heap_page::heap. This field is only used to recognize
+	  whether a page is in a tomb or not. Instead of this field,
+	  heap_page::flags::in_tomb (1 bit field) is added.
+
+	  Also type of heap_page::(total|free|final)_slots are changed from
+	  int to short. 2B is enough for them.
+
+Fri Jan  8 09:33:59 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_compile_with_option): move variable initialization
+	  code to avoid maybe-uninitialized warnings by gcc 4.8.
+
+Fri Jan  8 00:03:22 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_min, enum_max): do the same optimization as r53454.
+
+Thu Jan  7 22:32:21 2016  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ruby.h: undef HAVE_BUILTIN___BUILTIN_CHOOSE_EXPR_CONSTANT_P
+	  and HAVE_BUILTIN___BUILTIN_TYPES_COMPATIBLE_P on C++.
+	  [ruby-core:72736] [Bug #11962]
+
+Thu Jan  7 22:02:21 2016  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_minmax): optimize object comparison in
+	  Enumerable#minmax.
+
+Thu Jan  7 14:49:12 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_pending_interrupt_p): no pending interrupt
+	  before initialization.
+
+	* thread.c (thread_raise_m, rb_thread_kill): uninitialized thread
+	  cannot interrupt.  [ruby-core:72732] [Bug #11959]
+
+Thu Jan  7 11:34:14 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/backward.h (ruby_show_copyright_to_die): for source
+	  code backward compatibility.
+
+	* ruby.c (process_options): return Qtrue to exit the process
+	  successfully.
+
+	* version.c (ruby_show_copyright): no longer exit.
+
+Wed Jan  6 17:22:53 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser#order!): add `into` optional
+	  keyword argument to store the results.  [Feature #11191]
+
+Tue Jan  5 21:44:37 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ChangeLog: fix wrong class name.
+
+Tue Jan  5 21:43:50 2016  Kuniaki IGARASHI  <igaiga@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_string.rb(test_chr): added test for String#chr
+	  [fix GH-1179]
+
+Tue Jan  5 21:32:26 2016  Kuniaki IGARASHI  <igaiga@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_numeric.rb (test_nonzero_p): added test for Numeric#nonzero?
+	  [fix GH-1187]
+
+Tue Jan  5 11:47:23 2016  Damir Gaynetdinov  <damir.gaynetdinov@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/marshal.rdoc: Clarify object references example, that the
+	  reference is same object.  [Fix GH-1156]
+
+Tue Jan  5 05:06:51 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_binmode): implement to set encoding
+	* test/stringio/test_stringio.rb (test_binmode): new test
+	  [ruby-core:72699] [Bug #11945]
+
+Mon Jan  4 15:44:37 2016  Sho Hashimoto  <sho-h@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_mod_deprecate_constant): [DOC] added
+	  documentation for Module#deprecate_constant. [ci skip]
+
+Mon Jan  4 15:36:38 2016  Sho Hashimoto  <sho-h@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_sync.c: [DOC] remove SizedQueue#close argument.
+	  [ci skip]
+
+Mon Jan  4 10:14:24 2016  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/coverage/test_coverage.rb: ignored test when enabled to coverage.
+	  It lead to crash with `make test-all`.
+
+Mon Jan  4 08:10:44 2016  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* insns.def (opt_case_dispatch): Move a comment to the
+	  appropriate position.
+	  [ci skip]
+
+Sun Jan  3 23:55:13 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/security.rb (DIGEST_ALGORITHM, KEY_ALGORITHM):
+	  should check same name as the used constants.
+	  [ruby-core:72674] [Bug #11940]
+
+Sun Jan  3 19:22:01 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* aclocal.m4: add fallback file for non-aclocal environments.
+	  [ruby-core:72683] [Bug #11942]
+
+Sun Jan  3 13:56:49 2016  Yuichiro Kaneko  <yui-knk@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval_error.c (rb_print_undef): Use `rb_method_visibility_t`
+	  instead of `int`.
+	* eval_intern.h (rb_print_undef): ditto
+	* proc.c (mnew_internal): ditto
+	* vm_method.c (rb_export_method): ditto
+	  [Misc #11649] [ruby-core:71311] [fix GH-1078]
+
+Sun Jan  3 12:12:09 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* acinclude.m4: rename aclocal.m4, which should be generated by
+	  aclocal.  [ruby-core:72675] [Bug #11941]
+
+Sat Jan  2 21:07:55 2016  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* thread_sync.c (queue_do_pop): avoid cast with Qfalse
+	  (rb_szqueue_push): ditto, use queue_sleep wrapper
+
+Sat Jan  2 16:16:14 2016  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
+
+	* lib/erb.rb: Allow ERB subclass to add token easily.
+	  [Feature #11936]
+
+	* test/erb/test_erb.rb: ditto.
+
+Sat Jan  2 14:44:31 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (regexp): set_yylval_num sets u1, should use nd_tag
+	  instead of nd_state.  [ruby-core:72638] [Bug #11932]
+
+Sat Jan  2 02:27:22 2016  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/ostruct.rb: Fix case of frozen object with initializer.
+	  Bug revealed by RubySpec [ruby-core:72639]
+
+Fri Jan  1 22:01:52 2016  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* NEWS: mention CSV's liberal_parsing option.
+
+Fri Jan  1 19:38:23 2016  okkez  <okkez000@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/NEWS-2.3.0: fix double words typo.
+	  [ci skip][fix GH-1183]
+
+Fri Jan  1 15:28:56 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (remove_unreachable_chunk): decrease count of
+	  call_info in removed instructions.  fix up r53402.
+
+Fri Jan  1 12:05:53 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (remove_unreachable_chunk): remove unreferred label
+	  to optimize away unreachable chunk.
+
+Fri Jan  1 11:42:57 2016  James Edward Gray II  <james@graysoftinc.com>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb (CSV): Add a liberal_parsing option.
+	  Patch by Braden Anderson. [#11839]
+	* test/csv/test_features.rb:  test liberal_parsing
+
+Fri Jan  1 10:27:28 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/mkconfig.rb (RbConfig): prefix SDKROOT to oldincludedir
+	  not includedir, the latter is outside the ruby installation.
+	  [ruby-core:72496] [Bug #11881]
+
+Fri Jan  1 08:53:02 2016  Yuki Kurihara  <co000ri@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_lazy_enumerator.rb (test_take_bad_arg): Add test
+	  code in case of Enumerator::Lazy#take called with negative number.
+	  [ruby-dev:49467] [Bug #11933]
+
+Fri Jan  1 05:06:20 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_here_document): update indent for each line in
+	  indented here document with single-quotes.
+	  [ruby-core:72479] [Bug #11871]
+
+Fri Jan  1 03:26:44 2016  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/ostruct.rb (freeze): define deferred accessors before
+	  freezing to get rid of an error when just reading frozen
+	  OpenStruct.
+
+Thu Dec 31 14:36:45 2015  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/ostruct.rb: Fix new_ostruct_member to correctly avoid
+	  redefinition [#11901]
+
+Thu Dec 31 02:45:12 2015  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb (test_classpath): r53376 may change
+	  the order of m.constants.
+	  `make TESTS='-v ruby/test_class.rb ruby/test_module.rb' test-all`
+	  may fail after that.
+	  http://rubyci.s3.amazonaws.com/tk2-243-31075/ruby-trunk/log/20151230T164202Z.log.html.gz
+
+Thu Dec 31 02:20:00 2015  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* common.mk (help): Fix typo.
+
+Wed Dec 30 20:53:09 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http/responses.rb: Added new response class for 451 status code.
+	* lib/net/http.rb: documentation for HTTPUnavailableForLegalReasons
+
+Wed Dec 30 20:45:45 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httpstatus.rb: Added HTTP 451 Status Code.
+	  [fix GH-1167] Patch by @MuhammetDilmac
+	  https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-tbray-http-legally-restricted-status-00
+
+Wed Dec 30 20:25:52 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/syntax/calling_methods.rdoc: fix old operator for safe navigation
+	  operator. [ci skip][fix GH-1182] Patch by @dougo
+
+Wed Dec 30 16:43:23 2015  Kuniaki IGARASHI  <igaiga@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_string.rb (test_ord): Add test for String#ord.
+	  [Fix GH-1181]
+
+Wed Dec 30 11:28:57 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/forwardable.rb (def_instance_delegator): adjust backtrace of
+	  method body by tail call optimization.  adjusting the delegated
+	  target is still done by deleting backtrace.
+
+	* lib/forwardable.rb (def_single_delegator): ditto.
+
+Wed Dec 30 11:18:42 2015  Elliot Winkler  <elliot.winkler@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/forwardable.rb (def_instance_delegator) fix delegating to
+	  'args' and 'block', clashing with local variables in generated
+	  methods.  [ruby-core:72579] [Bug #11916]
+
+	* lib/forwardable.rb (def_single_delegator): ditto.
+
+Wed Dec 30 09:58:56 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_class_inherited_p): search the corresponding
+	  ancestor to prepended module from prepending class itself.
+	  [ruby-core:72493] [Bug #11878]
+
+Wed Dec 30 09:20:00 2015  Yuki Kurihara  <co000ri@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/stringio/test_io.rb (test_flag): add assertion for error when
+	  text and binary mode are mixed.
+	  [ruby-dev:49465] [Feature #11921]
+
+Wed Dec 30 08:43:59 2015  Yuki Kurihara  <co000ri@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/stringio/test_stringio.rb (test_initialize): add test for
+	  StringIO#initialize.  [ruby-core:72585] [Feature #11920]
+
+Wed Dec 30 05:19:24 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* class.c (struct clone_const_arg): adjust for id_table
+	  (clone_const): ditto
+	  (clone_const_i): ditto
+	  (rb_mod_init_copy): ditto
+	  (rb_singleton_class_clone_and_attach): ditto
+	  (rb_include_class_new): ditto
+	  (include_modules_at): ditto
+	* constant.h (rb_free_const_table): ditto
+	* gc.c (free_const_entry_i): ditto
+	  (rb_free_const_table): ditto
+	  (obj_memsize_of): ditto
+	  (mark_const_entry_i): ditto
+	  (mark_const_tbl): ditto
+	* internal.h (struct rb_classext_struct): ditto
+	* object.c (rb_mod_const_set): resolve class name on assignment
+	* variable.c (const_update): replace with const_tbl_update
+	  (const_tbl_update): new function
+	  (fc_i): adjust for id_table
+	  (find_class_path): ditto
+	  (autoload_const_set): st_update => const_tbl_update
+	  (rb_const_remove): adjust for id_table
+	  (sv_i): ditto
+	  (rb_local_constants_i): ditto
+	  (rb_local_constants): ditto
+	  (rb_mod_const_at): ditto
+	  (rb_mod_const_set): ditto
+	  (rb_const_lookup): ditto
+	  [ruby-core:72112] [Feature #11614]
+
+Wed Dec 30 04:10:13 2015  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (rb_thread_create_timer_thread): destroy attr even
+	  if pthread_create() failed.
+
+Wed Dec 30 02:55:09 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (setup_communication_pipe): delay setting owner
+	  (rb_thread_create_timer_thread): until thread creation succeeds
+	  [ruby-core:72590] [Bug #11922]
+
+Tue Dec 29 19:12:46 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): -W command line option should be able to
+	  override -w in RUBYOPT environment variable.
+
+Tue Dec 29 17:54:16 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (ignored_block): warn if a block is given to `using`,
+	  which is probably for `Module.new`.
+
+Tue Dec 29 12:48:34 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/ostruct.rb (OpenStruct): make respond_to? working on
+	  just-allocated objects for workaround of Psych.
+	  [ruby-core:72501] [Bug #11884]
+
+Tue Dec 29 10:35:00 2015  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* test/mkmf/test_have_func.rb (test_have_func):
+	  Add assertion to examine the existence of HAVE_RUBY_INIT.
+
+	* test/mkmf/test_have_func.rb (test_not_have_func):
+	  Add assertion to examine the absence of HAVE_RUBY_INIT.
+
+Tue Dec 29 06:50:42 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* thread_sync.c: static classes
+
+Tue Dec 29 05:30:30 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::IPv6.create): avoid modifying frozen
+	* test/resolv/test_dns.rb (test_ipv6_create): test for above
+	  [Bug #11910] [ruby-core:72559]
+
+Mon Dec 28 14:55:57 2015  Kuniaki IGARASHI  <igaiga@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_string.rb (TestString#test_rstrip_bang): Add test
+	  for String#rstrip!.  [Fix GH-1176]
+
+Mon Dec 28 09:18:53 2015  Kuniaki IGARASHI  <igaiga@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_string.rb (TestString#test_lstrip_bang): Add test
+	  for String#lstrip!.  [Fix GH-1176]
+
+Sun Dec 27 23:32:26 2015  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_variant2val): refactoring.
+
+Sun Dec 27 21:14:42 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (rb_execarg_parent_start1): need to convert the encoding to
+	  ospath's one.
+
+Sun Dec 27 20:54:22 2015  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c: use rb_w32_uchdir() instead of plain chdir() on Windows.
+	  reported by naruse via twitter.
+
+	* process.c (rb_execarg_addopt): need to convert the encoding to
+	  ospath's one.
+
+Sun Dec 27 20:00:31 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/x_emoji.h: fix dead-link.
+
+Sun Dec 27 19:55:55 2015  SHIBATA Hiroshi  <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* doc/NEWS-2.3.0: fix a typo.
+
+Sun Dec 27 18:08:15 2015  Kuniaki IGARASHI  <igaiga@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_lstrip_bang, rb_str_rstrip_bang): [DOC] Fix
+	  ruby-doc comments for String#rstrip! and lstrip!.  It looks like
+	  dropped bang.  [Fix GH-1175]
+
+Sun Dec 27 15:14:20 2015  Eric Wong  <e@80x24.org>
+
+	* io.c (io_getpartial): remove unused kwarg from template
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_readpartial_bad_args): new
+	  [Bug #11885]
+
+Sun Dec 27 11:50:53 2015  Kuniaki IGARASHI  <igaiga@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_string.rb (test_rstrip, test_lstrip): Add tests
+	  for String#lstrip and rstrip.  The test cases are used from
+	  string.c ruby-doc comments.  [Fix GH-1174]
+
+Sun Dec 27 11:47:46 2015  Kuniaki IGARASHI  <igaiga@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_string.rb (test_insert): Add test for
+	  String#insert.  The test cases are written in string.c
+	  comments as a reference.  [Fix GH-1173]
+
+Sun Dec 27 11:03:33 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (show_bitstack): trace stack_type value if yydebug.
+
+Sun Dec 27 10:03:14 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/depend (enc, trans): fix version dependency, shared object
+	  files depend on the RUBY_SO_NAME value for runtime link.
+
+Sun Dec 27 09:47:20 2015  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_vstr2wc, ole_variant2val): fix blank
+	  string conversion.
+	  [Bug #11880]
+	  Thanks Akio Tajima for the patch!
+
+Sun Dec 27 09:34:53 2015  craft4coder  <yooobuntu@163.com>
+
+	* doc/extension.rdoc: [DOC] `nul` should be uppercase.
+	  change 'nul' => 'NUL'.  [Fix GH-1172]
+
+Sat Dec 26 18:29:01 2015  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/xmlrpc/client.rb: Support SSL options in async methods of
+	  XMLRPC::Client.
+	  [Bug #11489]
+	  Reported by Aleksandar Kostadinov. Thanks!!!
+
+Sat Dec 26 11:26:38 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* miniinit.c (Init_enc): add some common aliases of built-in
+	  encodings.  [ruby-core:72481] [Bug #11872]
+
+Fri Dec 25 22:43:26 2015  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: extract RUBY_RELEASE_DAY at generating Makefile.
+
+	* version.h (RUBY_RELEASE_DATE): construct from RUBY_RELEASE_YEAR,
+	  RUBY_RELEASE_MONTH, and RUBY_RELEASE_DAY.
+
+Fri Dec 25 21:33:06 2015  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* version.h (RUBY_VERSION): 2.4.0 development has started.
+
+Fri Dec 25 14:12:12 2015  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* doc/ChangeLog-2.3.0, ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/SUPPORT_STATUS,
+	  include/ruby/version.h: minor grammar fixes [ci skip]
+
+Fri Dec 25 08:23:22 2015  Tadashi Saito  <tad.a.digger@gmail.com>
+
+	* compile.c, cont.c, doc, man: fix common misspelling.
+	  [ruby-core:72466] [Bug #11870]
+
+
+For the changes before 2.3.0, see doc/ChangeLog-2.3.0
+For the changes before 2.2.0, see doc/ChangeLog-2.2.0
+For the changes before 2.1.0, see doc/ChangeLog-2.1.0
+For the changes before 2.0.0, see doc/ChangeLog-2.0.0
+For the changes before 1.9.3, see doc/ChangeLog-1.9.3
+For the changes before 1.8.0, see doc/ChangeLog-1.8.0
+
+Local variables:
+coding: us-ascii
+add-log-time-format: (lambda (&optional x y)
+  (let* ((time (or x (current-time)))
+	 (system-time-locale "C")
+	 (diff (+ (cadr time) 32400))
+	 (lo (% diff 65536))
+	 (hi (+ (car time) (/ diff 65536))))
+  (format-time-string "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y" (list hi lo) t)))
+indent-tabs-mode: t
+tab-width: 8
+change-log-indent-text: 2
+end:
+vim: tabstop=8 shiftwidth=2
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog-YARV b/doc/ChangeLog-YARV
index 6a6cfbd0c9..a8b999dff2 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog-YARV
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog-YARV
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ Sun Dec 31 17:42:05 2006  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
 
 2006-08-17(Thu) 12:23:52 +0900  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
 
-	* eval.c : change initilize routine order ([yarv-dev:1067])
+	* eval.c : change initialize routine order ([yarv-dev:1067])
 
 	* yarvcore.c (Init_yarv) : init th->machine_stack_start
 
@@ -2115,7 +2115,7 @@ Sun Dec 31 17:42:05 2006  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
 
 2006-02-14(Tue) 18:15:03 +0900  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
 
-	* configure.in : enable pthread by deafult
+	* configure.in : enable pthread by default
 
 	* ascii.c : import ruby 1.9 HEAD
 
@@ -3650,10 +3650,10 @@ Sun Dec 31 17:42:05 2006  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
 	* thread.c (yarv_thread_execute_interrupts) : added
 
 	* thread_pthread.h (thread_timer) : set interrupt_flag of
-	current runnning threads
+	current running threads
 
 	* vm.c (th_invoke_proc) : jump with JUMP_TAG() if some exception
-	occurres
+	occurs
author	Nobuyoshi Nakada <nobu@ruby-lang.org>	2021-07-28 19:09:38 +0900
committer	Nobuyoshi Nakada <nobu@ruby-lang.org>	2021-08-24 10:37:41 +0900
commit	5d99800d01936a521f129b4aafc533468675df48 (patch)
tree	752ffd9eed78d66ff328e0f470ce875f84e3c213 /spec/ruby/library/matrix/row_vectors_spec.rb
parent	c38c2d8ee26c70300e2e0a4eec867273a8520579 (diff)