[ruby/json] Implement a fast path for integer parsing

`rb_cstr2inum` isn't very fast because it handles tons of
different scenarios, and also require a NULL terminated string
which forces us to copy the number into a secondary buffer.

But since the parser already computed the length, we can much more
cheaply do this with a very simple function as long as the number
is small enough to fit into a native type (`long long`).

If the number is too long, we can fallback to the `rb_cstr2inum`
slowpath.

Before:

```
== Parsing citm_catalog.json (1727030 bytes)
ruby 3.4.0dev (2024-11-06T07:59:09Z precompute-hash-wh.. https://github.com/ruby/json/commit/7943f98a8a) +YJIT +PRISM [arm64-darwin24]
Warming up --------------------------------------
                json    40.000 i/100ms
                  oj    35.000 i/100ms
          Oj::Parser    45.000 i/100ms
           rapidjson    38.000 i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
                json    425.941 (± 1.9%) i/s    (2.35 ms/i) -      2.160k in   5.072833s
                  oj    349.617 (± 1.7%) i/s    (2.86 ms/i) -      1.750k in   5.006953s
          Oj::Parser    464.767 (± 1.7%) i/s    (2.15 ms/i) -      2.340k in   5.036381s
           rapidjson    382.413 (± 2.4%) i/s    (2.61 ms/i) -      1.938k in   5.070757s

Comparison:
                json:      425.9 i/s
          Oj::Parser:      464.8 i/s - 1.09x  faster
           rapidjson:      382.4 i/s - 1.11x  slower
                  oj:      349.6 i/s - 1.22x  slower
```

After:

```
== Parsing citm_catalog.json (1727030 bytes)
ruby 3.4.0dev (2024-11-06T07:59:09Z precompute-hash-wh.. https://github.com/ruby/json/commit/7943f98a8a) +YJIT +PRISM [arm64-darwin24]
Warming up --------------------------------------
                json    46.000 i/100ms
                  oj    33.000 i/100ms
          Oj::Parser    45.000 i/100ms
           rapidjson    39.000 i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
                json    462.332 (± 3.2%) i/s    (2.16 ms/i) -      2.346k in   5.080504s
                  oj    351.140 (± 1.1%) i/s    (2.85 ms/i) -      1.782k in   5.075616s
          Oj::Parser    473.500 (± 1.3%) i/s    (2.11 ms/i) -      2.385k in   5.037695s
           rapidjson    395.052 (± 3.5%) i/s    (2.53 ms/i) -      1.989k in   5.042275s

Comparison:
                json:      462.3 i/s
          Oj::Parser:      473.5 i/s - same-ish: difference falls within error
           rapidjson:      395.1 i/s - 1.17x  slower
                  oj:      351.1 i/s - 1.32x  slower
```

https://github.com/ruby/json/commit/3a4dc9e1b4

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