Fix dtoa buffer overrunv2_7_6

author: NAKAMURA Usaku <usa@ruby-lang.org> 2022-04-12 20:25:48 +0900
committer: NAKAMURA Usaku <usa@ruby-lang.org> 2022-04-12 20:25:48 +0900
commit: c9c2245c0a25176072e02db9254f0e0c84c805cd (patch)
tree: 61e80059a35598b3b2da400de2f6ff366fa1a89e /benchmark/vm1_blockparam_pass.yml
parent: 389723d85433df0b487f02c94ca6a243d39a189e (diff)
0 files changed, 0 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.dir-locals.el b/.dir-locals.el
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8f4b96445c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.dir-locals.el
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+;; Copyright (c) 2018 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
+;;
+;; This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
+;; granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
+;; conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
+;; details.
+
+((nil .
+     ((indent-tabs-mode . nil)
+      (require-final-newline . t)
+      (tab-width . 8)
+      (show-trailing-whitespace . t)
+      (whitespace-line-column . 80))) ;; See also [Misc #12277]
+
+ ;; (bat-mode . ((buffer-file-coding-system . utf-8-dos)))
+
+ (ruby-mode . ((ruby-indent-level . 2)))
+
+ (rdoc-mode . ((fill-column . 74)))
+
+ (yaml-mode . ((yaml-indent-offset . 2)))
+
+ (makefile-mode . ((indent-tabs-mode . t)))
+
+ (c-mode . ((c-file-style . "ruby")))
+
+ (c++-mode . ((c-file-style . "ruby")))
+
+ (change-log-mode .
+     ((buffer-file-coding-system . us-ascii)
+      (indent-tabs-mode . t)
+      (change-log-indent-text . 2)
+      (add-log-time-format . (lambda (&optional x y)
+        (let* ((time (or x (current-time)))
+	       (system-time-locale "C")
+	       (diff (+ (cadr time) 32400))
+	       (lo (% diff 65536))
+	       (hi (+ (car time) (/ diff 65536))))
+        (format-time-string "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y" (list hi lo) t)))))))
diff --git a/.document b/.document
index 8a05d61beb..8616203552 100644
--- a/.document
+++ b/.document
@@ -5,18 +5,42 @@
 
 # Process all the C source files
 *.c
+*.y
 
 # prelude
 prelude.rb
+rbconfig.rb
+array.rb
+ast.rb
+dir.rb
+gc.rb
+integer.rb
+io.rb
+kernel.rb
+pack.rb
+trace_point.rb
+warning.rb
+ractor.rb
 
 # the lib/ directory (which has its own .document file)
-
 lib
 
-
 # and some of the ext/ directory (which has its own .document file)
-
 ext
 
 # rdoc files
-doc/*.rdoc
+NEWS.md
+
+README.md
+README.ja.md
+
+COPYING
+COPYING.ja
+CONTRIBUTING.md
+
+LEGAL
+
+# win32/README.win32 linked from README.md
+win32
+
+doc
diff --git a/.editorconfig b/.editorconfig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4633a7acae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.editorconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+root = true
+
+[*]
+end_of_line = lf
+indent_size = 4
+indent_style = space
+insert_final_newline = true
+tab_width = 8
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+
+[*.bat]
+end_of_line = crlf
+
+[*.gemspec]
+indent_size = 2
+
+[*.rb]
+indent_size = 2
+
+[*.yml]
+indent_size = 2
+
+[{*[Mm]akefile*,*.mak,*.mk,depend}]
+indent_style = tab
+
+[enc/*]
+indent_size = 2
+
+[reg*.[ch]]
+indent_size = 2
diff --git a/.gdbinit b/.gdbinit
index 2a38da8892..49380951b8 100644
--- a/.gdbinit
+++ b/.gdbinit
@@ -1,80 +1,36 @@
-define rp
+set startup-with-shell off
+
+define hook-run
+  set $color_type = 0
+  set $color_highlite = 0
+  set $color_end = 0
+end
+
+define ruby_gdb_init
+  if !$color_type
+    set $color_type = "\033[31m"
+  end
+  if !$color_highlite
+    set $color_highlite = "\033[36m"
+  end
+  if !$color_end
+    set $color_end = "\033[m"
+  end
   if ruby_dummy_gdb_enums.special_consts
   end
+end
+
+# set prompt \033[36m(gdb)\033[m\040
+
+define rp
+  ruby_gdb_init
   if (VALUE)($arg0) & RUBY_FIXNUM_FLAG
     printf "FIXNUM: %ld\n", (long)($arg0) >> 1
   else
   if ((VALUE)($arg0) & ~(~(VALUE)0<<RUBY_SPECIAL_SHIFT)) == RUBY_SYMBOL_FLAG
     set $id = (($arg0) >> RUBY_SPECIAL_SHIFT)
-    if $id == '!' || $id == '+' || $id == '-' || $id == '*' || $id == '/' || $id == '%' || $id == '<' || $id == '>' || $id == '`'
-      printf "SYMBOL(:%c)\n", $id
-    else
-    if $id == idDot2
-      echo SYMBOL(:..)\n
-    else
-    if $id == idDot3
-      echo SYMBOL(:...)\n
-    else
-    if $id == idUPlus
-      echo SYMBOL(:+@)\n
-    else
-    if $id == idUMinus
-      echo SYMBOL(:-@)\n
-    else
-    if $id == idPow
-      echo SYMBOL(:**)\n
-    else
-    if $id == idCmp
-      echo SYMBOL(:<=>)\n
-    else
-    if $id == idLTLT
-      echo SYMBOL(:<<)\n
-    else
-    if $id == idLE
-      echo SYMBOL(:<=)\n
-    else
-    if $id == idGE
-      echo SYMBOL(:>=)\n
-    else
-    if $id == idEq
-      echo SYMBOL(:==)\n
-    else
-    if $id == idEqq
-      echo SYMBOL(:===)\n
-    else
-    if $id == idNeq
-      echo SYMBOL(:!=)\n
-    else
-    if $id == idEqTilde
-      echo SYMBOL(:=~)\n
-    else
-    if $id == idNeqTilde
-      echo SYMBOL(:!~)\n
-    else
-    if $id == idAREF
-      echo SYMBOL(:[])\n
-    else
-    if $id == idASET
-      echo SYMBOL(:[]=)\n
-    else
-      printf "SYMBOL(%ld)\n", $id
-    end
-    end
-    end
-    end
-    end
-    end
-    end
-    end
-    end
-    end
-    end
-    end
-    end
-    end
-    end
-    end
-    end
+    printf "%sSYMBOL%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
+    rp_id $id
   else
   if ($arg0) == RUBY_Qfalse
     echo false\n
@@ -89,85 +45,69 @@ define rp
     echo undef\n
   else
   if (VALUE)($arg0) & RUBY_IMMEDIATE_MASK
-    echo immediate\n
+    if ((VALUE)($arg0) & RUBY_FLONUM_MASK) == RUBY_FLONUM_FLAG
+      printf "%sFLONUM%s: %g\n", $color_type, $color_end, (double)rb_float_value($arg0)
+    else
+      echo immediate\n
+    end
   else
   set $flags = ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags
+  if ($flags & RUBY_FL_PROMOTED) == RUBY_FL_PROMOTED
+    printf "[PROMOTED] "
+  end
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_NONE
-    printf "T_NONE: "
+    printf "%sT_NONE%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
     print (struct RBasic *)($arg0)
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_NIL
-    printf "T_NIL: "
+    printf "%sT_NIL%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
     print (struct RBasic *)($arg0)
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_OBJECT
-    printf "T_OBJECT: "
-    print (struct RObject *)($arg0)
+    printf "%sT_OBJECT%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
+    print ((struct RObject *)($arg0))->basic
+    if ($flags & ROBJECT_EMBED)
+      print/x *((VALUE*)((struct RObject*)($arg0))->as.ary) @ (ROBJECT_EMBED_LEN_MAX+0)
+    else
+      print (((struct RObject *)($arg0))->as.heap)
+      if (((struct RObject*)($arg0))->as.heap.numiv) > 0
+        print/x *(((struct RObject*)($arg0))->as.heap.ivptr) @ (((struct RObject*)($arg0))->as.heap.numiv)
+      end
+    end
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_CLASS
-    printf "T_CLASS%s: ", ($flags & RUBY_FL_SINGLETON) ? "*" : ""
-    print (struct RClass *)($arg0)
+    printf "%sT_CLASS%s%s: ", $color_type, ($flags & RUBY_FL_SINGLETON) ? "*" : "", $color_end
+    rp_class $arg0
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_ICLASS
-    printf "T_ICLASS: "
-    print (struct RClass *)($arg0)
+    printf "%sT_ICLASS%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
+    rp_class $arg0
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_MODULE
-    printf "T_MODULE: "
-    print (struct RClass *)($arg0)
+    printf "%sT_MODULE%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
+    rp_class $arg0
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_FLOAT
-    printf "T_FLOAT: %.16g ", (((struct RFloat*)($arg0))->float_value)
+    printf "%sT_FLOAT%s: %.16g ", $color_type, $color_end, (((struct RFloat*)($arg0))->float_value)
     print (struct RFloat *)($arg0)
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_STRING
-    printf "T_STRING: "
-    set print address off
-    output (char *)(($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
-	    ((struct RString*)($arg0))->as.heap.ptr : \
-	    ((struct RString*)($arg0))->as.ary)
-    set print address on
-    printf " bytesize:%ld ", ($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
-            ((struct RString*)($arg0))->as.heap.len : \
-            (($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER2|RUBY_FL_USER3|RUBY_FL_USER4|RUBY_FL_USER5|RUBY_FL_USER6)) >> RUBY_FL_USHIFT+2)
-    if !($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1)
-      printf "(embed) "
-    else
-      if ($flags & RUBY_FL_USER2)
-        printf "(shared) "
-      end
-      if ($flags & RUBY_FL_USER3)
-        printf "(assoc) "
-      end
-    end
-    printf "encoding:%d ", ($flags & RUBY_ENCODING_MASK) >> RUBY_ENCODING_SHIFT
-    if ($flags & RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_MASK) == 0
-      printf "coderange:unknown "
-    else
-    if ($flags & RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_MASK) == RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT
-      printf "coderange:7bit "
-    else
-    if ($flags & RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_MASK) == RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_VALID
-      printf "coderange:valid "
-    else
-      printf "coderange:broken "
-    end
-    end
-    end
-    print (struct RString *)($arg0)
+    printf "%sT_STRING%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
+    rp_string $arg0 $flags
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_REGEXP
     set $regsrc = ((struct RRegexp*)($arg0))->src
     set $rsflags = ((struct RBasic*)$regsrc)->flags
-    printf "T_REGEXP: "
+    printf "%sT_REGEXP%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
+    set $len = ($rsflags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
+            ((struct RString*)$regsrc)->as.heap.len : \
+            (($rsflags & (RUBY_FL_USER2|RUBY_FL_USER3|RUBY_FL_USER4|RUBY_FL_USER5|RUBY_FL_USER6)) >> RUBY_FL_USHIFT+2)
     set print address off
-    output (char *)(($rsflags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
+    output *(char *)(($rsflags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
 	    ((struct RString*)$regsrc)->as.heap.ptr : \
-	    ((struct RString*)$regsrc)->as.ary)
+	    ((struct RString*)$regsrc)->as.ary) @ $len
     set print address on
-    printf " len:%ld ", ($rsflags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
-            ((struct RString*)$regsrc)->as.heap.len : \
-            (($rsflags & (RUBY_FL_USER2|RUBY_FL_USER3|RUBY_FL_USER4|RUBY_FL_USER5|RUBY_FL_USER6)) >> RUBY_FL_USHIFT+2)
+    printf " len:%ld ", $len
     if $flags & RUBY_FL_USER6
       printf "(none) "
     end
@@ -183,20 +123,20 @@ define rp
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_ARRAY
     if ($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1)
       set $len = (($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER3|RUBY_FL_USER4)) >> (RUBY_FL_USHIFT+3))
-      printf "T_ARRAY: len=%ld ", $len
+      printf "%sT_ARRAY%s: len=%ld ", $color_type, $color_end, $len
       printf "(embed) "
       if ($len == 0)
 	printf "{(empty)} "
       else
-	output/x *((VALUE*)((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.ary) @ $len
+	print/x *((VALUE*)((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.ary) @ $len
 	printf " "
       end
     else
       set $len = ((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.heap.len
-      printf "T_ARRAY: len=%ld ", $len
+      printf "%sT_ARRAY%s: len=%ld ", $color_type, $color_end, $len
       if ($flags & RUBY_FL_USER2)
 	printf "(shared) shared="
-	output/x ((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.heap.aux.shared
+	output/x ((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.heap.aux.shared_root
 	printf " "
       else
 	printf "(ownership) capa=%ld ", ((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.heap.aux.capa
@@ -204,101 +144,132 @@ define rp
       if ($len == 0)
 	printf "{(empty)} "
       else
-	output/x *((VALUE*)((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.heap.ptr) @ $len
+	print/x *((VALUE*)((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.heap.ptr) @ $len
 	printf " "
       end
     end
     print (struct RArray *)($arg0)
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_FIXNUM
-    printf "T_FIXNUM: "
+    printf "%sT_FIXNUM%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
     print (struct RBasic *)($arg0)
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_HASH
-    printf "T_HASH: ",
-    if ((struct RHash *)($arg0))->ntbl
-      printf "len=%ld ", ((struct RHash *)($arg0))->ntbl->num_entries
+    printf "%sT_HASH%s: ", $color_type, $color_end,
+    if (((struct RHash *)($arg0))->basic.flags & RHASH_ST_TABLE_FLAG)
+      printf "st len=%ld ", ((struct RHash *)($arg0))->as.st->num_entries
+    else
+      printf "li len=%ld bound=%ld ", \
+        ((((struct RHash *)($arg0))->basic.flags & RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_MASK) >> RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_SHIFT), \
+        ((((struct RHash *)($arg0))->basic.flags & RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_MASK) >> RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_SHIFT)
     end
     print (struct RHash *)($arg0)
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_STRUCT
-    printf "T_STRUCT: len=%ld ", \
-      (($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER1|RUBY_FL_USER2)) ? \
+    set $len = (($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER1|RUBY_FL_USER2)) ? \
        ($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER1|RUBY_FL_USER2)) >> (RUBY_FL_USHIFT+1) : \
        ((struct RStruct *)($arg0))->as.heap.len)
+    printf "%sT_STRUCT%s: len=%ld ", $color_type, $color_end, $len
     print (struct RStruct *)($arg0)
-    x/xw (($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER1|RUBY_FL_USER2)) ? \
-          ((struct RStruct *)($arg0))->as.ary : \
-          ((struct RStruct *)($arg0))->as.heap.ptr)
+    output/x *(($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER1|RUBY_FL_USER2)) ? \
+              ((struct RStruct *)($arg0))->as.ary : \
+              ((struct RStruct *)($arg0))->as.heap.ptr) @ $len
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_BIGNUM
-    printf "T_BIGNUM: sign=%d len=%ld ", \
-      (($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1) != 0), \
-      (($flags & RUBY_FL_USER2) ? \
-       ($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER5|RUBY_FL_USER4|RUBY_FL_USER3)) >> (RUBY_FL_USHIFT+3) : \
-       ((struct RBignum*)($arg0))->as.heap.len)
-    if $flags & RUBY_FL_USER2
-      printf "(embed) "
-    end
-    print (struct RBignum *)($arg0)
-    x/xw (($flags & RUBY_FL_USER2) ? \
-          ((struct RBignum*)($arg0))->as.ary : \
-          ((struct RBignum*)($arg0))->as.heap.digits)
+    rp_bignum $arg0
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_RATIONAL
-    printf "T_RATIONAL: "
+    printf "%sT_RATIONAL%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
     print (struct RRational *)($arg0)
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_COMPLEX
-    printf "T_COMPLEX: "
+    printf "%sT_COMPLEX%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
     print (struct RComplex *)($arg0)
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_FILE
-    printf "T_FILE: "
+    printf "%sT_FILE%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
     print (struct RFile *)($arg0)
     output *((struct RFile *)($arg0))->fptr
     printf "\n"
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_TRUE
-    printf "T_TRUE: "
+    printf "%sT_TRUE%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
     print (struct RBasic *)($arg0)
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_FALSE
-    printf "T_FALSE: "
+    printf "%sT_FALSE%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
     print (struct RBasic *)($arg0)
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_DATA
     if ((struct RTypedData *)($arg0))->typed_flag == 1
-      printf "T_DATA(%s): ", ((struct RTypedData *)($arg0))->type->wrap_struct_name
+      printf "%sT_DATA%s(%s): ", $color_type, $color_end, ((struct RTypedData *)($arg0))->type->wrap_struct_name
       print (struct RTypedData *)($arg0)
     else
-      printf "T_DATA: "
+      printf "%sT_DATA%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
       print (struct RData *)($arg0)
     end
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_MATCH
-    printf "T_MATCH: "
+    printf "%sT_MATCH%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
     print (struct RMatch *)($arg0)
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_SYMBOL
-    printf "T_SYMBOL: "
-    print (struct RBasic *)($arg0)
+    printf "%sT_SYMBOL%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
+    print (struct RSymbol *)($arg0)
+    set $id_type = ((struct RSymbol *)($arg0))->id & RUBY_ID_SCOPE_MASK
+    if $id_type == RUBY_ID_LOCAL
+      printf "l"
+    else
+    if $id_type == RUBY_ID_INSTANCE
+      printf "i"
+    else
+    if $id_type == RUBY_ID_GLOBAL
+      printf "G"
+    else
+    if $id_type == RUBY_ID_ATTRSET
+      printf "a"
+    else
+    if $id_type == RUBY_ID_CONST
+      printf "C"
+    else
+    if $id_type == RUBY_ID_CLASS
+      printf "c"
+    else
+      printf "j"
+    end
+    end
+    end
+    end
+    end
+    end
+    set $id_fstr = ((struct RSymbol *)($arg0))->fstr
+    rp_string $id_fstr
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_UNDEF
-    printf "T_UNDEF: "
+    printf "%sT_UNDEF%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
     print (struct RBasic *)($arg0)
   else
+  if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_IMEMO
+    printf "%sT_IMEMO%s(", $color_type, $color_end
+    output (enum imemo_type)(($flags>>RUBY_FL_USHIFT)&RUBY_IMEMO_MASK)
+    printf "): "
+    rp_imemo $arg0
+  else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_NODE
-    printf "T_NODE("
+    printf "%sT_NODE%s(", $color_type, $color_end
     output (enum node_type)(($flags&RUBY_NODE_TYPEMASK)>>RUBY_NODE_TYPESHIFT)
     printf "): "
     print *(NODE *)($arg0)
   else
   if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_ZOMBIE
-    printf "T_ZOMBIE: "
+    printf "%sT_ZOMBIE%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
     print (struct RData *)($arg0)
   else
-    printf "unknown: "
+  if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_MOVED
+    printf "%sT_MOVED%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
+    print *(struct RMoved *)$arg0
+  else
+    printf "%sunknown%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
     print (struct RBasic *)($arg0)
   end
   end
@@ -332,11 +303,303 @@ define rp
   end
   end
   end
+  end
+  end
 end
 document rp
   Print a Ruby's VALUE.
 end
 
+define rp_id
+  set $id = (ID)$arg0
+  if $id == '!' || $id == '+' || $id == '-' || $id == '*' || $id == '/' || $id == '%' || $id == '<' || $id == '>' || $id == '`'
+    printf "(:%c)\n", $id
+  else
+  if $id == idDot2
+    printf "(:..)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idDot3
+    printf "(:...)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idUPlus
+    printf "(:+@)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idUMinus
+    printf "(:-@)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idPow
+    printf "(:**)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idCmp
+    printf "(:<=>)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idLTLT
+    printf "(:<<)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idGTGT
+    printf "(:>>)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idLE
+    printf "(:<=)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idGE
+    printf "(:>=)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idEq
+    printf "(:==)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idEqq
+    printf "(:===)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idNeq
+    printf "(:!=)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idEqTilde
+    printf "(:=~)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idNeqTilde
+    printf "(:!~)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idAREF
+    printf "(:[])\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idASET
+    printf "(:[]=)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idCOLON2
+    printf "(:'::')\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idANDOP
+    printf "(:&&)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idOROP
+    printf "(:||)\n"
+  else
+  if $id == idANDDOT
+    printf "(:&.)\n"
+  else
+    if $id <= tLAST_OP_ID
+      printf "O"
+    else
+      set $id_type = $id & RUBY_ID_SCOPE_MASK
+      if $id_type == RUBY_ID_LOCAL
+        printf "l"
+      else
+      if $id_type == RUBY_ID_INSTANCE
+        printf "i"
+      else
+      if $id_type == RUBY_ID_GLOBAL
+        printf "G"
+      else
+      if $id_type == RUBY_ID_ATTRSET
+        printf "a"
+      else
+      if $id_type == RUBY_ID_CONST
+        printf "C"
+      else
+      if $id_type == RUBY_ID_CLASS
+        printf "c"
+      else
+        printf "j"
+      end
+      end
+      end
+      end
+      end
+      end
+    end
+    printf "(%ld): ", $id
+    print_id $id
+    echo \n
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+end
+document rp_id
+  Print an ID.
+end
+
+define output_string
+  set $flags = ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags
+  set $len = ($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
+          ((struct RString*)($arg0))->as.heap.len : \
+          (($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER2|RUBY_FL_USER3|RUBY_FL_USER4|RUBY_FL_USER5|RUBY_FL_USER6)) >> RUBY_FL_USHIFT+2)
+  if $len > 0
+    output *(char *)(($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
+	    ((struct RString*)($arg0))->as.heap.ptr : \
+	    ((struct RString*)($arg0))->as.ary) @ $len
+  else
+    output ""
+  end
+end
+
+define print_string
+  set $flags = ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags
+  set $len = ($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
+          ((struct RString*)($arg0))->as.heap.len : \
+          (($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER2|RUBY_FL_USER3|RUBY_FL_USER4|RUBY_FL_USER5|RUBY_FL_USER6)) >> RUBY_FL_USHIFT+2)
+  if $len > 0
+    printf "%s", *(char *)(($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
+	    ((struct RString*)($arg0))->as.heap.ptr : \
+	    ((struct RString*)($arg0))->as.ary) @ $len
+  end
+end
+
+define rp_string
+  output_string $arg0
+  printf " bytesize:%ld ", $len
+  if !($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1)
+    printf "(embed) "
+  else
+    if ($flags & RUBY_FL_USER2)
+      printf "(shared) "
+    end
+    if ($flags & RUBY_FL_USER3)
+      printf "(assoc) "
+    end
+  end
+  printf "encoding:%d ", ($flags & RUBY_ENCODING_MASK) >> RUBY_ENCODING_SHIFT
+  if ($flags & RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_MASK) == 0
+    printf "coderange:unknown "
+  else
+  if ($flags & RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_MASK) == RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT
+    printf "coderange:7bit "
+  else
+  if ($flags & RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_MASK) == RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_VALID
+    printf "coderange:valid "
+  else
+    printf "coderange:broken "
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  print (struct RString *)($arg0)
+end
+document rp_string
+  Print the content of a String.
+end
+
+define rp_bignum
+  set $flags = ((struct RBignum*)($arg0))->basic.flags
+  set $len = (($flags & RUBY_FL_USER2) ? \
+       ($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER5|RUBY_FL_USER4|RUBY_FL_USER3)) >> (RUBY_FL_USHIFT+3) : \
+       ((struct RBignum*)($arg0))->as.heap.len)
+  printf "%sT_BIGNUM%s: sign=%d len=%ld ", $color_type, $color_end, \
+         (($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1) != 0), $len
+  if $flags & RUBY_FL_USER2
+    printf "(embed) "
+  end
+  print (struct RBignum *)($arg0)
+  set $ptr = (($flags & RUBY_FL_USER2) ? \
+              ((struct RBignum*)($arg0))->as.ary : \
+              ((struct RBignum*)($arg0))->as.heap.digits)
+  set $len = $len-1
+  printf "0x%x", $ptr[$len]
+  while $len > 0
+    set $len = $len-1
+    set $val = $ptr[$len]
+    set $w = sizeof($ptr[0])
+    printf "_"
+    if $w > 8
+      printf "%.32x", $val
+    else
+    if $w > 4
+      printf "%.16x", $val
+    else
+    if $w > 2
+      printf "%.8x", $val
+    else
+    if $w > 1
+      printf "%.4x", $val
+    else
+      printf "%.2x", $val
+    end
+    end
+    end
+    end
+  end
+  printf "\n"
+end
+document rp_bignum
+  Print the content of a Bignum.
+end
+
+define rp_class
+  printf "(struct RClass *) %p", (void*)$arg0
+  if ((struct RClass *)($arg0))->ptr.origin_ != $arg0
+    printf " -> %p", ((struct RClass *)($arg0))->ptr.origin_
+  end
+  printf "\n"
+  rb_classname $arg0
+  print/x *(struct RClass *)($arg0)
+  print *((struct RClass *)($arg0))->ptr
+end
+document rp_class
+  Print the content of a Class/Module.
+end
+
+define rp_imemo
+  set $flags = (enum imemo_type)((((struct RBasic *)($arg0))->flags >> RUBY_FL_USHIFT) & RUBY_IMEMO_MASK)
+  if $flags == imemo_cref
+    printf "(rb_cref_t *) %p\n", (void*)$arg0
+    print *(rb_cref_t *)$arg0
+  else
+  if $flags == imemo_svar
+    printf "(struct vm_svar *) %p\n", (void*)$arg0
+    print *(struct vm_svar *)$arg0
+  else
+  if $flags == imemo_throw_data
+    printf "(struct vm_throw_data *) %p\n", (void*)$arg0
+    print *(struct vm_throw_data *)$arg0
+  else
+  if $flags == imemo_ifunc
+    printf "(struct vm_ifunc *) %p\n", (void*)$arg0
+    print *(struct vm_ifunc *)$arg0
+  else
+  if $flags == imemo_memo
+    printf "(struct MEMO *) %p\n", (void*)$arg0
+    print *(struct MEMO *)$arg0
+  else
+  if $flags == imemo_ment
+    printf "(rb_method_entry_t *) %p\n", (void*)$arg0
+    print *(rb_method_entry_t *)$arg0
+  else
+  if $flags == imemo_iseq
+    printf "(rb_iseq_t *) %p\n", (void*)$arg0
+    print *(rb_iseq_t *)$arg0
+  else
+    printf "(struct RIMemo *) %p\n", (void*)$arg0
+    print *(struct RIMemo *)$arg0
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+  end
+end
+document rp_imemo
+  Print the content of a memo
+end
+
 define nd_type
   print (enum node_type)((((NODE*)($arg0))->flags&RUBY_NODE_TYPEMASK)>>RUBY_NODE_TYPESHIFT)
 end
@@ -361,260 +624,237 @@ end
 # Print members of ruby node.
 
 define nd_head
-  printf "u1.node: "
+  printf "%su1.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u1.node
 end
 
 define nd_alen
-  printf "u2.argc: "
+  printf "%su2.argc%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   p ($arg0).u2.argc
 end
 
 define nd_next
-  printf "u3.node: "
+  printf "%su3.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u3.node
 end
 
 
 define nd_cond
-  printf "u1.node: "
+  printf "%su1.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u1.node
 end
 
 define nd_body
-  printf "u2.node: "
+  printf "%su2.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u2.node
 end
 
 define nd_else
-  printf "u3.node: "
+  printf "%su3.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u3.node
 end
 
 
 define nd_orig
-  printf "u3.value: "
+  printf "%su3.value%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u3.value
 end
 
 
 define nd_resq
-  printf "u2.node: "
+  printf "%su2.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u2.node
 end
 
 define nd_ensr
-  printf "u3.node: "
+  printf "%su3.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u3.node
 end
 
 
 define nd_1st
-  printf "u1.node: "
+  printf "%su1.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u1.node
 end
 
 define nd_2nd
-  printf "u2.node: "
+  printf "%su2.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u2.node
 end
 
 
 define nd_stts
-  printf "u1.node: "
+  printf "%su1.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u1.node
 end
 
 
 define nd_entry
-  printf "u3.entry: "
+  printf "%su3.entry%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   p ($arg0).u3.entry
 end
 
 define nd_vid
-  printf "u1.id: "
+  printf "%su1.id%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   p ($arg0).u1.id
 end
 
 define nd_cflag
-  printf "u2.id: "
+  printf "%su2.id%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   p ($arg0).u2.id
 end
 
 define nd_cval
-  printf "u3.value: "
+  printf "%su3.value%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u3.value
 end
 
-
-define nd_cnt
-  printf "u3.cnt: "
-  p ($arg0).u3.cnt
-end
-
 define nd_tbl
-  printf "u1.tbl: "
+  printf "%su1.tbl%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   p ($arg0).u1.tbl
 end
 
 
 define nd_var
-  printf "u1.node: "
+  printf "%su1.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u1.node
 end
 
 define nd_ibdy
-  printf "u2.node: "
+  printf "%su2.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u2.node
 end
 
 define nd_iter
-  printf "u3.node: "
+  printf "%su3.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u3.node
 end
 
 
 define nd_value
-  printf "u2.node: "
+  printf "%su2.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u2.node
 end
 
 define nd_aid
-  printf "u3.id: "
+  printf "%su3.id%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   p ($arg0).u3.id
 end
 
 
 define nd_lit
-  printf "u1.value: "
+  printf "%su1.value%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u1.value
 end
 
-
-define nd_frml
-  printf "u1.node: "
-  rp ($arg0).u1.node
-end
-
 define nd_rest
-  printf "u2.argc: "
+  printf "%su2.argc%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   p ($arg0).u2.argc
 end
 
 define nd_opt
-  printf "u1.node: "
+  printf "%su1.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u1.node
 end
 
 
 define nd_recv
-  printf "u1.node: "
+  printf "%su1.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u1.node
 end
 
 define nd_mid
-  printf "u2.id: "
+  printf "%su2.id%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   p ($arg0).u2.id
 end
 
 define nd_args
-  printf "u3.node: "
+  printf "%su3.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u3.node
 end
 
-
-define nd_noex
-  printf "u1.id: "
-  p ($arg0).u1.id
-end
-
 define nd_defn
-  printf "u3.node: "
+  printf "%su3.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u3.node
 end
 
 
 define nd_old
-  printf "u1.id: "
+  printf "%su1.id%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   p ($arg0).u1.id
 end
 
 define nd_new
-  printf "u2.id: "
+  printf "%su2.id%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   p ($arg0).u2.id
 end
 
 
-define nd_cfnc
-  printf "u1.cfunc: "
-  p ($arg0).u1.cfunc
-end
-
-define nd_argc
-  printf "u2.argc: "
-  p ($arg0).u2.argc
-end
-
-
 define nd_cname
-  printf "u1.id: "
+  printf "%su1.id%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   p ($arg0).u1.id
 end
 
 define nd_super
-  printf "u3.node: "
+  printf "%su3.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u3.node
 end
 
 
 define nd_modl
-  printf "u1.id: "
+  printf "%su1.id%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   p ($arg0).u1.id
 end
 
 define nd_clss
-  printf "u1.value: "
+  printf "%su1.value%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u1.value
 end
 
 
 define nd_beg
-  printf "u1.node: "
+  printf "%su1.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u1.node
 end
 
 define nd_end
-  printf "u2.node: "
+  printf "%su2.node%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u2.node
 end
 
 define nd_state
-  printf "u3.state: "
+  printf "%su3.state%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   p ($arg0).u3.state
 end
 
 define nd_rval
-  printf "u2.value: "
+  printf "%su2.value%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u2.value
 end
 
 
 define nd_nth
-  printf "u2.argc: "
+  printf "%su2.argc%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   p ($arg0).u2.argc
 end
 
 
 define nd_tag
-  printf "u1.id: "
+  printf "%su1.id%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   p ($arg0).u1.id
 end
 
 define nd_tval
-  printf "u2.value: "
+  printf "%su2.value%s: ", $color_highlite, $color_end
   rp ($arg0).u2.value
 end
 
+define nd_tree
+  set $buf = (struct RString *)rb_str_buf_new(0)
+  call dump_node((VALUE)($buf), rb_str_tmp_new(0), 0, ($arg0))
+  printf "%s\n", $buf->as.heap.ptr
+end
+
 define rb_p
   call rb_p($arg0)
 end
@@ -625,18 +865,18 @@ define rb_numtable_entry
   set $rb_numtable_key = 0
   set $rb_numtable_rec = 0
   if $rb_numtable_tbl->entries_packed
-    set $rb_numtable_p = $rb_numtable_tbl->bins
-    while $rb_numtable_p && $rb_numtable_p < $rb_numtable_tbl->bins+$rb_numtable_tbl->num_entries
-      if (st_data_t)$rb_numtable_p[0] == $rb_numtable_id
-	set $rb_numtable_key = (st_data_t)$rb_numtable_p[0]
-	set $rb_numtable_rec = (st_data_t)$rb_numtable_p[1]
+    set $rb_numtable_p = $rb_numtable_tbl->as.packed.bins
+    while $rb_numtable_p && $rb_numtable_p < $rb_numtable_tbl->as.packed.bins+$rb_numtable_tbl->num_entries
+      if $rb_numtable_p.k == $rb_numtable_id
+	set $rb_numtable_key = $rb_numtable_p.k
+	set $rb_numtable_rec = $rb_numtable_p.v
 	set $rb_numtable_p = 0
       else
-	set $rb_numtable_p = $rb_numtable_p + 2
+	set $rb_numtable_p = $rb_numtable_p + 1
       end
     end
   else
-    set $rb_numtable_p = $rb_numtable_tbl->bins[$rb_numtable_id % $rb_numtable_tbl->num_bins]
+    set $rb_numtable_p = $rb_numtable_tbl->as.big.bins[st_numhash($rb_numtable_id) % $rb_numtable_tbl->num_bins]
     while $rb_numtable_p
       if $rb_numtable_p->key == $rb_numtable_id
 	set $rb_numtable_key = $rb_numtable_p->key
@@ -650,12 +890,9 @@ define rb_numtable_entry
 end
 
 define rb_id2name
-  rb_numtable_entry global_symbols.id_str (ID)$arg0
-  if $rb_numtable_rec
-    rp $rb_numtable_rec
-  else
-    echo undef\n
-  end
+  ruby_gdb_init
+  printf "%sID%s: ", $color_type, $color_end
+  rp_id $arg0
 end
 document rb_id2name
   Print the name of id
@@ -666,10 +903,10 @@ define rb_method_entry
   set $rb_method_entry_id = (ID)$arg1
   set $rb_method_entry_me = (rb_method_entry_t *)0
   while !$rb_method_entry_me && $rb_method_entry_klass
-    rb_numtable_entry $rb_method_entry_klass->m_tbl $rb_method_entry_id
+    rb_numtable_entry $rb_method_entry_klass->m_tbl_wrapper->tbl $rb_method_entry_id
     set $rb_method_entry_me = (rb_method_entry_t *)$rb_numtable_rec
     if !$rb_method_entry_me
-      set $rb_method_entry_klass = (struct RClass *)$rb_method_entry_klass->ptr->super
+      set $rb_method_entry_klass = (struct RClass *)RCLASS_SUPER($rb_method_entry_klass)
     end
   end
   if $rb_method_entry_me
@@ -684,9 +921,24 @@ document rb_method_entry
 end
 
 define rb_classname
-  call classname($arg0)
-  rb_p $
-  print *(struct RClass*)($arg0)
+  # up to 128bit int
+  set $rb_classname = rb_mod_name($arg0)
+  if $rb_classname != RUBY_Qnil
+    rp $rb_classname
+  else
+    echo anonymous class/module\n
+  end
+end
+
+define rb_ancestors
+  set $rb_ancestors_module = $arg0
+  while $rb_ancestors_module
+    rp_class $rb_ancestors_module
+    set $rb_ancestors_module = RCLASS_SUPER($rb_ancestors_module)
+  end
+end
+document rb_ancestors
+  Print ancestors.
 end
 
 define rb_backtrace
@@ -694,7 +946,7 @@ define rb_backtrace
 end
 
 define iseq
-  if dummy_gdb_enums.special_consts
+  if ruby_dummy_gdb_enums.special_consts
   end
   if ($arg0)->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_NONE
     echo [none]\n
@@ -719,7 +971,7 @@ define iseq
 end
 
 define rb_ps
-  rb_ps_vm ruby_current_vm
+  rb_ps_vm ruby_current_vm_ptr
 end
 document rb_ps
 Dump all threads and their callstacks
@@ -727,31 +979,373 @@ end
 
 define rb_ps_vm
   print $ps_vm = (rb_vm_t*)$arg0
-  set $ps_threads = (st_table*)$ps_vm->living_threads
-  if $ps_threads->entries_packed
-    set $ps_threads_i = 0
-    while $ps_threads_i < $ps_threads->num_entries
-      set $ps_threads_key = (st_data_t)$ps_threads->bins[$ps_threads_i * 2]
-      set $ps_threads_val = (st_data_t)$ps_threads->bins[$ps_threads_i * 2 + 1]
-      rb_ps_thread $ps_threads_key $ps_threads_val
-      set $ps_threads_i = $ps_threads_i + 1
-    end
-  else
-    set $ps_threads_ptr = (st_table_entry*)$ps_threads->head
-    while $ps_threads_ptr
-      set $ps_threads_key = (st_data_t)$ps_threads_ptr->key
-      set $ps_threads_val = (st_data_t)$ps_threads_ptr->record
-      rb_ps_thread $ps_threads_key $ps_threads_val
-      set $ps_threads_ptr = (st_table_entry*)$ps_threads_ptr->fore
+  set $ps_thread_ln = $ps_vm->living_threads.n.next
+  set $ps_thread_ln_last = $ps_vm->living_threads.n.prev
+  while 1
+    set $ps_thread_th = (rb_thread_t *)$ps_thread_ln
+    set $ps_thread = (VALUE)($ps_thread_th->self)
+    rb_ps_thread $ps_thread
+    if $ps_thread_ln == $ps_thread_ln_last
+      loop_break
     end
+    set $ps_thread_ln = $ps_thread_ln->next
   end
 end
 document rb_ps_vm
 Dump all threads in a (rb_vm_t*) and their callstacks
 end
 
+define print_lineno
+  set $cfp = $arg0
+  set $iseq = $cfp->iseq
+  set $pos = $cfp->pc - $iseq->body->iseq_encoded
+  if $pos != 0
+    set $pos = $pos - 1
+  end
+
+  set $index = 0
+  set $size = $iseq->body->insns_info.size
+  set $table = $iseq->body->insns_info.body
+  set $positions = $iseq->body->insns_info.positions
+  #printf "size: %d\n", $size
+  if $size == 0
+  else
+  if $size == 1
+    printf "%d", $table[0].line_no
+  else
+    if $positions
+      # get_insn_info_linear_search
+      set $index = 1
+      while $index < $size
+        #printf "table[%d]: position: %d, line: %d, pos: %d\n", $i, $positions[$i], $table[$i].line_no, $pos
+        if $positions[$index] > $pos
+          loop_break
+        end
+        set $index = $index + 1
+        if $positions[$index] == $pos
+          loop_break
+        end
+      end
+    else
+      # get_insn_info_succinct_bitvector
+      set $sd = $iseq->body->insns_info.succ_index_table
+      set $immediate_table_size = sizeof($sd->imm_part) / sizeof(uint64_t) * 9
+      if $pos < $immediate_table_size
+        set $i = $pos / 9
+        set $j = $pos % 9
+        set $index = ((int)($sd->imm_part[$i] >> ($j * 7))) & 0x7f
+      else
+        set $block_index = ($pos - $immediate_table_size) / 512
+        set $block = &$sd->succ_part[$block_index]
+        set $block_bit_index = ($pos - $immediate_table_size) % 512
+        set $small_block_index = $block_bit_index / 64
+        set $small_block_popcount = $small_block_index == 0 ? 0 : (((int)($block->small_block_ranks >> (($small_block_index - 1) * 9))) & 0x1ff)
+        set $x = $block->bits[$small_block_index] << (63 - $block_bit_index % 64)
+        set $x = ($x & 0x5555555555555555) + ($x >> 1 & 0x5555555555555555)
+        set $x = ($x & 0x3333333333333333) + ($x >> 2 & 0x3333333333333333)
+        set $x = ($x & 0x0707070707070707) + ($x >> 4 & 0x0707070707070707)
+        set $x = ($x & 0x001f001f001f001f) + ($x >> 8 & 0x001f001f001f001f)
+        set $x = ($x & 0x0000003f0000003f) + ($x >>16 & 0x0000003f0000003f)
+        set $popcnt = ($x & 0x7f) + ($x >>32 & 0x7f)
+        set $index = $block->rank + $small_block_popcount + $popcnt
+      end
+    end
+    printf "%d", $table[$index-1].line_no
+  end
+  end
+end
+
+define check_method_entry
+  set $imemo = (struct RBasic *)$arg0
+  if $imemo != RUBY_Qfalse
+    set $type = ($imemo->flags >> 12) & 0x07
+    if $type == imemo_ment
+      set $me = (rb_callable_method_entry_t *)$imemo
+    else
+    if $type == imemo_svar
+      set $imemo = ((struct vm_svar *)$imemo)->cref_or_me
+      check_method_entry $imemo
+    end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+define print_id
+  set $id = $arg0
+  # rb_id_to_serial
+  if $id > tLAST_OP_ID
+    set $serial = (rb_id_serial_t)($id >> RUBY_ID_SCOPE_SHIFT)
+  else
+    set $serial = (rb_id_serial_t)$id
+  end
+  if $serial && $serial <= ruby_global_symbols.last_id
+    set $idx = $serial / ID_ENTRY_UNIT
+    set $ids = (struct RArray *)ruby_global_symbols.ids
+    set $flags = $ids->basic.flags
+    if ($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1)
+      set $idsptr = $ids->as.ary
+      set $idslen = (($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER3|RUBY_FL_USER4)) >> (RUBY_FL_USHIFT+3))
+    else
+      set $idsptr = $ids->as.heap.ptr
+      set $idslen = $ids->as.heap.len
+    end
+    if $idx < $idslen
+      set $t = 0
+      set $ary = (struct RArray *)$idsptr[$idx]
+      if $ary != RUBY_Qnil
+        set $flags = $ary->basic.flags
+        if ($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1)
+          set $aryptr = $ary->as.ary
+          set $arylen = (($flags & (RUBY_FL_USER3|RUBY_FL_USER4)) >> (RUBY_FL_USHIFT+3))
+        else
+          set $aryptr = $ary->as.heap.ptr
+          set $arylen = $ary->as.heap.len
+        end
+        set $result = $aryptr[($serial % ID_ENTRY_UNIT) * ID_ENTRY_SIZE + $t]
+	if $result != RUBY_Qnil
+          print_string $result
+	else
+	  echo undef
+	end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+define print_pathobj
+  set $flags = ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags
+  if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_STRING
+    print_string $arg0
+  end
+  if ($flags & RUBY_T_MASK) == RUBY_T_ARRAY
+    if $flags & RUBY_FL_USER1
+      set $str = ((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.ary[0]
+    else
+      set $str = ((struct RArray*)($arg0))->as.heap.ptr[0]
+    end
+    print_string $str
+  end
+end
+
 define rb_ps_thread
   set $ps_thread = (struct RTypedData*)$arg0
-  set $ps_thread_id = $arg1
-  print $ps_thread_th = (rb_thread_t*)$ps_thread->data
+  set $ps_thread_th = (rb_thread_t*)$ps_thread->data
+  printf "* #<Thread:%p rb_thread_t:%p native_thread:%p>\n", \
+    $ps_thread, $ps_thread_th, $ps_thread_th->thread_id
+  set $cfp = $ps_thread_th->ec->cfp
+  set $cfpend = (rb_control_frame_t *)($ps_thread_th->ec->vm_stack + $ps_thread_th->ec->vm_stack_size)-1
+  while $cfp < $cfpend
+    if $cfp->iseq
+      if !((VALUE)$cfp->iseq & RUBY_IMMEDIATE_MASK) && (((imemo_ifunc << RUBY_FL_USHIFT) | RUBY_T_IMEMO)==$cfp->iseq->flags & ((RUBY_IMEMO_MASK << RUBY_FL_USHIFT) | RUBY_T_MASK))
+        printf "%d:ifunc ", $cfpend-$cfp
+        set print symbol-filename on
+        output/a $cfp->iseq.body
+        set print symbol-filename off
+        printf "\n"
+      else
+      if $cfp->pc
+        set $location = $cfp->iseq->body->location
+        printf "%d:", $cfpend-$cfp
+        print_pathobj $location.pathobj
+        printf ":"
+        print_lineno $cfp
+        printf ":in `"
+        print_string $location.label
+        printf "'\n"
+      else
+        printf "%d: ???.rb:???:in `???'\n", $cfpend-$cfp
+      end
+      end
+    else
+      # if VM_FRAME_TYPE($cfp->flag) == VM_FRAME_MAGIC_CFUNC
+      set $ep = $cfp->ep
+      if ($ep[0] & 0xffff0001) == 0x55550001
+        #define VM_ENV_FLAG_LOCAL 0x02
+        #define VM_ENV_PREV_EP(ep)   GC_GUARDED_PTR_REF(ep[VM_ENV_DATA_INDEX_SPECVAL])
+        set $me = 0
+        set $env_specval = $ep[-1]
+        set $env_me_cref = $ep[-2]
+        while ($env_specval & 0x02) != 0
+          check_method_entry $env_me_cref
+          if $me != 0
+            loop_break
+          end
+          set $ep = $ep[0]
+          set $env_specval = $ep[-1]
+          set $env_me_cref = $ep[-2]
+        end
+        if $me == 0
+          check_method_entry $env_me_cref
+        end
+        printf "%d:", $cfpend-$cfp
+        set print symbol-filename on
+        output/a $me->def->body.cfunc.func
+        set print symbol-filename off
+        set $mid = $me->def->original_id
+        printf ":in `"
+        print_id $mid
+        printf "'\n"
+      else
+        printf "%d:unknown_frame:???:in `???'\n", $cfpend-$cfp
+      end
+    end
+    set $cfp = $cfp + 1
+  end
+end
+
+define rb_count_objects
+  set $objspace = ruby_current_vm_ptr->objspace
+  set $counts_00 = 0
+  set $counts_01 = 0
+  set $counts_02 = 0
+  set $counts_03 = 0
+  set $counts_04 = 0
+  set $counts_05 = 0
+  set $counts_06 = 0
+  set $counts_07 = 0
+  set $counts_08 = 0
+  set $counts_09 = 0
+  set $counts_0a = 0
+  set $counts_0b = 0
+  set $counts_0c = 0
+  set $counts_0d = 0
+  set $counts_0e = 0
+  set $counts_0f = 0
+  set $counts_10 = 0
+  set $counts_11 = 0
+  set $counts_12 = 0
+  set $counts_13 = 0
+  set $counts_14 = 0
+  set $counts_15 = 0
+  set $counts_16 = 0
+  set $counts_17 = 0
+  set $counts_18 = 0
+  set $counts_19 = 0
+  set $counts_1a = 0
+  set $counts_1b = 0
+  set $counts_1c = 0
+  set $counts_1d = 0
+  set $counts_1e = 0
+  set $counts_1f = 0
+  set $total = 0
+  set $i = 0
+  while $i < $objspace->heap_pages.allocated_pages
+    printf "\rcounting... %d/%d", $i, $objspace->heap_pages.allocated_pages
+    set $page = $objspace->heap_pages.sorted[$i]
+    set $p = $page->start
+    set $pend = $p + $page->total_slots
+    while $p < $pend
+      set $flags = $p->as.basic.flags & 0x1f
+      eval "set $counts_%02x = $counts_%02x + 1", $flags, $flags
+      set $p = $p + 1
+    end
+    set $total = $total + $page->total_slots
+    set $i = $i + 1
+  end
+  printf "\rTOTAL: %d, FREE: %d\n", $total, $counts_00
+  printf "T_OBJECT: %d\n", $counts_01
+  printf "T_CLASS: %d\n", $counts_02
+  printf "T_MODULE: %d\n", $counts_03
+  printf "T_FLOAT: %d\n", $counts_04
+  printf "T_STRING: %d\n", $counts_05
+  printf "T_REGEXP: %d\n", $counts_06
+  printf "T_ARRAY: %d\n", $counts_07
+  printf "T_HASH: %d\n", $counts_08
+  printf "T_STRUCT: %d\n", $counts_09
+  printf "T_BIGNUM: %d\n", $counts_0a
+  printf "T_FILE: %d\n", $counts_0b
+  printf "T_DATA: %d\n", $counts_0c
+  printf "T_MATCH: %d\n", $counts_0d
+  printf "T_COMPLEX: %d\n", $counts_0e
+  printf "T_RATIONAL: %d\n", $counts_0f
+  #printf "UNKNOWN_10: %d\n", $counts_10
+  printf "T_NIL: %d\n", $counts_11
+  printf "T_TRUE: %d\n", $counts_12
+  printf "T_FALSE: %d\n", $counts_13
+  printf "T_SYMBOL: %d\n", $counts_14
+  printf "T_FIXNUM: %d\n", $counts_15
+  printf "T_UNDEF: %d\n", $counts_16
+  #printf "UNKNOWN_17: %d\n", $counts_17
+  #printf "UNKNOWN_18: %d\n", $counts_18
+  #printf "UNKNOWN_19: %d\n", $counts_19
+  printf "T_IMEMO: %d\n", $counts_1a
+  printf "T_NODE: %d\n", $counts_1b
+  printf "T_ICLASS: %d\n", $counts_1c
+  printf "T_ZOMBIE: %d\n", $counts_1d
+  #printf "UNKNOWN_1E: %d\n", $counts_1e
+  printf "T_MASK: %d\n", $counts_1f
+end
+document rb_count_objects
+  Counts all objects grouped by type.
+end
+
+# Details: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-master/wiki/MachineInstructionsTraceWithGDB
+define trace_machine_instructions
+  set logging on
+  set height 0
+  set width 0
+  display/i $pc
+  while !$exit_code
+    info line *$pc
+    si
+  end
+end
+
+define SDR
+  call rb_vmdebug_stack_dump_raw_current()
+end
+
+define rbi
+  if ((LINK_ELEMENT*)$arg0)->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL
+    p *(LABEL*)$arg0
+  else
+  if ((LINK_ELEMENT*)$arg0)->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN
+    p *(INSN*)$arg0
+  else
+  if ((LINK_ELEMENT*)$arg0)->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST
+    p *(ADJUST*)$arg0
+  else
+    print *$arg0
+  end
+  end
+  end
+end
+
+define dump_node
+  set $str = rb_parser_dump_tree($arg0, 0)
+  set $flags = ((struct RBasic*)($str))->flags
+  printf "%s", (char *)(($flags & RUBY_FL_USER1) ? \
+                        ((struct RString*)$str)->as.heap.ptr : \
+                        ((struct RString*)$str)->as.ary)
+end
+
+define print_flags
+  printf "RUBY_FL_WB_PROTECTED: %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_WB_PROTECTED ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_PROMOTED0   : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_PROMOTED0 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_PROMOTED1   : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_PROMOTED1 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_FINALIZE    : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_FINALIZE ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_TAINT       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_TAINT ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_UNTRUSTED   : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_UNTRUSTED ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_EXIVAR      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_EXIVAR ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_FREEZE      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_FREEZE ? "1" : "0"
+
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER0       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER0 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER1       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER1 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER2       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER2 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER3       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER3 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER4       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER4 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER5       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER5 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER6       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER6 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER7       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER7 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER8       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER8 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER9       : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER9 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER10      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER10 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER11      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER11 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER12      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER12 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER13      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER13 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER14      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER14 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER15      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER15 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER16      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER16 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER17      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER17 ? "1" : "0"
+  printf "RUBY_FL_USER18      : %s\n", ((struct RBasic*)($arg0))->flags & RUBY_FL_USER18 ? "1" : "0"
 end
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d0c2d266b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+*.gemspec diff=ruby
+*.rb diff=ruby
+bin svn-properties=svn:ignore=ruby
+bin/* diff=ruby
+tool/update-deps diff=ruby
+tool/make-snapshot diff=ruby
+tool/format-release diff=ruby
+tool/leaked-globals diff=ruby
diff --git a/.github/SECURITY.md b/.github/SECURITY.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..56baa29942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/SECURITY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+## Supported Versions
+
+See <https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/branches/>.
+
+## Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+See <https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/security/>.
diff --git a/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml b/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7196708b21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+name: "CodeQL config for the Ruby language"
+
+paths-ignore:
+  - '/ext/**/*/conftest.c'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/baseruby.yml b/.github/workflows/baseruby.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16d1e4a85a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/baseruby.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+name: BASERUBY Check
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  baseruby:
+    name: BASERUBY
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        ruby:
+          - ruby-2.2
+#         - ruby-2.3
+#         - ruby-2.4
+#         - ruby-2.5
+#         - ruby-2.6
+          - ruby-2.7
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          ruby-version: ${{ matrix.ruby }}
+          bundler: none
+      - run: echo "make=make -sj$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - run: sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf bison
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
+      - run: ./configure --disable-install-doc
+      - run: $make update-unicode
+      - run: $make common-srcs
+      - run: $make incs
+      - run: $make all
+      - run: $make test
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / BASERUBY @ ${{ matrix.ruby }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/check_dependencies.yml b/.github/workflows/check_dependencies.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26d2ca473d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/check_dependencies.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+name: Check Dependencies
+on: [push, pull_request]
+jobs:
+  update-deps:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04, macos-latest]
+      fail-fast: true
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    steps:
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          sudo apt-get update -q || :
+          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev libgdbm-dev bison autoconf ruby
+        if: "contains(matrix.os, 'ubuntu')"
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: |
+          brew update
+          brew install gdbm gmp libffi openssl@1.1 zlib autoconf automake libtool readline
+        if: "contains(matrix.os, 'macos')"
+      - name: git config
+        run: |
+          git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: ./configure -C --disable-install-doc --disable-rubygems --with-gcc 'optflags=-O0' 'debugflags=-save-temps=obj -g'
+      - run: make all golf
+      - run: ruby tool/update-deps --fix
+      - run: git diff --no-ext-diff --ignore-submodules --exit-code
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ matrix.os }} / Dependencies need to update",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/check_misc.yml b/.github/workflows/check_misc.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..576341bf88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/check_misc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+name: Miscellaneous checks
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  checks:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Check if C-sources are US-ASCII
+        run: |
+          ! grep -r -n '[^	 -~]' *.[chy] include internal win32/*.[ch]
+      - name: Check for header macros
+        run: |
+          ! for header in ruby/*.h; do \
+            git grep -l -F -e $header -e HAVE_`echo $header | tr a-z./ A-Z__` -- . > /dev/null || echo $header
+          done | grep -F .
+        working-directory: include
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2dc47c0683
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+name: "Code scanning - action"
+
+on:
+  push:
+  pull_request:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 12 * * 4'
+
+jobs:
+  CodeQL-Build:
+
+    # CodeQL runs on ubuntu-20.04 and windows-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Install libraries
+      run: |
+        set -x
+        sudo apt-get update -q || :
+        sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev libgdbm-dev bison autoconf ruby
+
+    - name: Checkout repository
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      with:
+        fetch-depth: 2
+
+    - run: git checkout HEAD^2
+      if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+
+    - name: Remove an obsolete rubygems vendored file
+      run: sudo rm /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/rubygems/defaults/operating_system.rb
+
+    - name: Initialize CodeQL
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
+      with:
+        languages: cpp
+        config-file: ./.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
+
+    - name: Autobuild
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v2
+
+    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
diff --git a/.github/workflows/compilers.yml b/.github/workflows/compilers.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47b73fb907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/compilers.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+name: Compilations
+
+on:
+  push:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'doc/**'
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.rdoc'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') && github.ref_name || github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ startsWith(github.event_name, 'pull') }}
+
+# Github actions does not support YAML anchors.  This creative use of
+# environment variables (plus the "echo $GITHUB_ENV" hack) is to reroute that
+# restriction.
+env:
+  default_cc: clang-14
+  append_cc: ''
+  crosshost: ''
+
+  # -O1 is faster than -O3 in our tests... Majority of time are consumed trying
+  # to optimize binaries.  Also Github Actions run on relatively modern CPUs
+  # compared to, say, GCC 4 or Clang 3.  We don't specify `-march=native`
+  # because compilers tend not understand what the CPU is.
+  optflags: '-O1'
+
+  # -g0 disables backtraces when SEGV.  Do not set that.
+  debugflags: '-ggdb3'
+
+  default_configure: >-
+    --enable-debug-env
+    --disable-install-doc
+    --with-ext=-test-/cxxanyargs,+
+  append_configure: >-
+    --without-valgrind
+    --without-jemalloc
+    --without-gmp
+
+  UPDATE_UNICODE: >-
+    UNICODE_FILES=.
+    UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES=.
+    UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES=.
+    UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES=.
+  CONFIGURE_TTY: never
+  GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
+  RUBY_DEBUG: ci rgengc
+  RUBY_TESTOPTS: >-
+    -q
+    --color=always
+    --tty=no
+
+jobs:
+  compile:
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        entry:
+          - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-11,    value: gcc-11,    container: gcc-11 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-10,    value: gcc-10,    container: gcc-10 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-9,     value: gcc-9,     container: gcc-9 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-8,     value: gcc-8,     container: gcc-8 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-7,     value: gcc-7,     container: gcc-7 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-6,     value: gcc-6,     container: gcc-6 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-5,     value: gcc-5,     container: gcc-5 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: gcc-4.8,   value: gcc-4.8,   container: gcc-4.8 }
+          - key: default_cc
+            name: 'gcc-11 LTO'
+            value: 'gcc-11 -O2 -flto=auto -ffat-lto-objects'
+            container: gcc-11
+            shared: '--disable-shared'
+            # check: true
+          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-14,  value: clang-14,  container: clang-14 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-13,  value: clang-13,  container: clang-13 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-12,  value: clang-12,  container: clang-12 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-11,  value: clang-11,  container: clang-11 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-10,  value: clang-10,  container: clang-10 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-9,   value: clang-9,   container: clang-9 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-8,   value: clang-8,   container: clang-8 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-7,   value: clang-7,   container: clang-7 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-6.0, value: clang-6.0, container: clang-6.0 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-5.0, value: clang-5.0, container: clang-5.0 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-4.0, value: clang-4.0, container: clang-4.0 }
+          - { key: default_cc, name: clang-3.9, value: clang-3.9, container: clang-3.9 }
+          - key: default_cc
+            name: 'clang-14 LTO'
+            value: 'clang-14 -O2 -flto=auto'
+            container: clang-14
+            shared: '--disable-shared'
+            # check: true
+
+          - { key: crosshost, name: aarch64-linux-gnu,     value: aarch64-linux-gnu, container: crossbuild-essential-arm64 }
+#         - { key: crosshost, name: arm-linux-gnueabi,     value: arm-linux-gnueabi }
+#         - { key: crosshost, name: arm-linux-gnueabihf,   value: arm-linux-gnueabihf }
+#         - { key: crosshost, name: i686-w64-mingw32,      value: i686-w64-mingw32 }
+#         - { key: crosshost, name: powerpc-linux-gnu,     value: powerpc-linux-gnu }
+          - { key: crosshost, name: powerpc64le-linux-gnu, value: powerpc64le-linux-gnu, container: crossbuild-essential-ppc64el }
+          - { key: crosshost, name: s390x-linux-gnu,       value: s390x-linux-gnu, container: crossbuild-essential-s390x }
+          - { key: crosshost, name: x86_64-w64-mingw32,    value: x86_64-w64-mingw32, container: mingw-w64 }
+
+          - { key: append_cc, name: c99,   value: '-std=c99   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors' }
+#         - { key: append_cc, name: c11,   value: '-std=c11   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors' }
+#         - { key: append_cc, name: c17,   value: '-std=c17   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors' }
+#         - { key: append_cc, name: c2x,   value: '-std=c2x   -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors' }
+          - { key: CXXFLAGS,  name: c++98, value: '-std=c++98 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }
+#         - { key: CXXFLAGS,  name: c++11, value: '-std=c++11 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }
+#         - { key: CXXFLAGS,  name: c++14, value: '-std=c++14 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }
+#         - { key: CXXFLAGS,  name: c++17, value: '-std=c++17 -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }
+          - { key: CXXFLAGS,  name: c++2a, value: '-std=c++2a -Werror=pedantic -pedantic-errors -Wno-c++11-long-long' }
+
+          - { key: optflags, name: '-O0', value: '-O0 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic' }
+#         - { key: optflags, name: '-O3', value: '-O3 -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic', check: true }
+
+          - { key: append_configure, name: gmp,                  value: '--with-gmp' }
+          - { key: append_configure, name: jemalloc,             value: '--with-jemalloc' }
+          - { key: append_configure, name: valgrind,             value: '--with-valgrind' }
+          - { key: append_configure, name: 'coroutine=ucontext', value: '--with-coroutine=ucontext' }
+          - { key: append_configure, name: 'coroutine=copy',     value: '--with-coroutine=copy' }
+          - { key: append_configure, name: disable-jit-support,  value: '--disable-jit-support' }
+          - { key: append_configure, name: disable-dln,          value: '--disable-dln' }
+          - { key: append_configure, name: disable-rubygems,     value: '--disable-rubygems' }
+
+          - { key: cppflags, name: OPT_THREADED_CODE=1,            value: '-DOPT_THREADED_CODE=1' }
+          - { key: cppflags, name: OPT_THREADED_CODE=2,            value: '-DOPT_THREADED_CODE=2' }
+          - { key: cppflags, name: OPT_THREADED_CODE=3,            value: '-DOPT_THREADED_CODE=3' }
+
+          - { key: cppflags, name: NDEBUG,                         value: '-DNDEBUG' }
+          - { key: cppflags, name: RUBY_DEBUG,                     value: '-DRUBY_DEBUG' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: ARRAY_DEBUG,                    value: '-DARRAY_DEBUG' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: BIGNUM_DEBUG,                   value: '-DBIGNUM_DEBUG' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: CCAN_LIST_DEBUG,                value: '-DCCAN_LIST_DEBUG' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: CPDEBUG=-1,                     value: '-DCPDEBUG=-1' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: ENC_DEBUG,                      value: '-DENC_DEBUG' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: GC_DEBUG,                       value: '-DGC_DEBUG' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: HASH_DEBUG,                     value: '-DHASH_DEBUG' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: ID_TABLE_DEBUG,                 value: '-DID_TABLE_DEBUG' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_DEBUG=-1,                value: '-DRGENGC_DEBUG=-1' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: SYMBOL_DEBUG,                   value: '-DSYMBOL_DEBUG' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: THREAD_DEBUG=-1,                value: '-DTHREAD_DEBUG=-1' }
+
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_CHECK_MODE,              value: '-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: TRANSIENT_HEAP_CHECK_MODE,      value: '-DTRANSIENT_HEAP_CHECK_MODE' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: VM_CHECK_MODE,                  value: '-DVM_CHECK_MODE' }
+
+          - { key: cppflags, name: USE_EMBED_CI=0,                 value: '-DUSE_EMBED_CI=0' }
+          - { key: cppflags, name: USE_FLONUM=0,                   value: '-DUSE_FLONUM=0' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: USE_GC_MALLOC_OBJ_INFO_DETAILS, value: '-DUSE_GC_MALLOC_OBJ_INFO_DETAILS' }
+          - { key: cppflags, name: USE_LAZY_LOAD,                  value: '-DUSE_LAZY_LOAD' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: USE_RINCGC=0,                   value: '-DUSE_RINCGC=0' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: USE_SYMBOL_GC=0,                value: '-DUSE_SYMBOL_GC=0' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: USE_THREAD_CACHE=0,             value: '-DUSE_THREAD_CACHE=0' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: USE_TRANSIENT_HEAP=0,           value: '-DUSE_TRANSIENT_HEAP=0' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: USE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG=1,           value: '-DUSE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG=1' }
+
+          - { key: cppflags, name: DEBUG_FIND_TIME_NUMGUESS,       value: '-DDEBUG_FIND_TIME_NUMGUESS' }
+          - { key: cppflags, name: DEBUG_INTEGER_PACK,             value: '-DDEBUG_INTEGER_PACK' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: ENABLE_PATH_CHECK,              value: '-DENABLE_PATH_CHECK' }
+
+          - { key: cppflags, name: GC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS,       value: '-DGC_DEBUG_STRESS_TO_CLASS' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: GC_ENABLE_LAZY_SWEEP=0,         value: '-DGC_ENABLE_LAZY_SWEEP=0' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: GC_PROFILE_DETAIL_MEMOTY,       value: '-DGC_PROFILE_DETAIL_MEMOTY' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: GC_PROFILE_MORE_DETAIL,         value: '-DGC_PROFILE_MORE_DETAIL' }
+
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: CALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE,         value: '-DCALC_EXACT_MALLOC_SIZE' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: MALLOC_ALLOCATED_SIZE_CHECK,    value: '-DMALLOC_ALLOCATED_SIZE_CHECK' }
+
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER,   value: '-DIBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER' }
+
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC,      value: '-DRGENGC_ESTIMATE_OLDMALLOC' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_FORCE_MAJOR_GC,          value: '-DRGENGC_FORCE_MAJOR_GC' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_OBJ_INFO,                value: '-DRGENGC_OBJ_INFO' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_OLD_NEWOBJ_CHECK,        value: '-DRGENGC_OLD_NEWOBJ_CHECK' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: RGENGC_PROFILE,                 value: '-DRGENGC_PROFILE' }
+
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: VM_DEBUG_BP_CHECK,              value: '-DVM_DEBUG_BP_CHECK' }
+#         - { key: cppflags, name: VM_DEBUG_VERIFY_METHOD_CACHE,   value: '-DVM_DEBUG_VERIFY_METHOD_CACHE' }
+
+          - { key: cppflags, name: MJIT_FORCE_ENABLE,              value: '-DMJIT_FORCE_ENABLE' }
+          - { key: cppflags, name: YJIT_FORCE_ENABLE,              value: '-DYJIT_FORCE_ENABLE' }
+
+    name: ${{ matrix.entry.name }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container:
+      image: ghcr.io/ruby/ruby-ci-image:${{ matrix.entry.container || 'clang-14' }}
+      options: --user root
+    if: ${{ !startsWith(github.event.head_commit.message, '[DOC]') && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Documentation') }}
+    steps:
+      - run: id
+        working-directory:
+      - run: mkdir build
+        working-directory:
+      - name: setenv
+        run: |
+          echo "${{ matrix.entry.key }}=${{ matrix.entry.value }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-sj$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          path: src
+      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+        with:
+          path: src/.downloaded-cache
+          key: downloaded-cache
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
+        working-directory: src
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: >
+          ../src/configure -C ${default_configure} ${append_configure}
+          ${{ matrix.entry.key == 'crosshost' && '--host="${crosshost}"' || '--with-gcc="${default_cc} ${append_cc}"' }}
+          ${{ matrix.entry.shared || '--enable-shared' }}
+      - run: make extract-extlibs
+      - run: make incs
+      - run: make
+#     - run: make leaked-globals
+      - run: make test
+      - run: make install
+        if: ${{ matrix.entry.check }}
+      - run: make test-tool
+        if: ${{ matrix.entry.check }}
+      - run: make test-all TESTS='-- ruby -ext-'
+        if: ${{ matrix.entry.check }}
+      - run: make test-spec
+        if: ${{ matrix.entry.check }}
+
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.entry.name }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: ${{ failure() && github.event_name == 'push' }}
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/macos.yml b/.github/workflows/macos.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1da94630fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/macos.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+name: macOS
+on: [push, pull_request]
+jobs:
+  make:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        test_task: [ "check" ] #, "test-bundler-parallel", "test-bundled-gems" ] matrix tests has unknown issues
+      fail-fast: false
+    env:
+      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    steps:
+      - run: mkdir build
+        working-directory:
+      - name: Disable Firewall
+        run: |
+          sudo /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --setglobalstate off
+          sudo /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --getglobalstate
+      - name: git config
+        run: |
+          git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          path: src
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: |
+          export WAITS='5 60'
+          tool/travis_retry.sh brew update
+          tool/travis_retry.sh brew install gdbm gmp libffi openssl@1.1 zlib autoconf automake libtool readline
+        working-directory: src
+      - name: Set ENV
+        run: |
+          echo "JOBS=-j$((1 + $(sysctl -n hw.activecpu)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
+        working-directory: src
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc --with-openssl-dir=$(brew --prefix openssl@1.1) --with-readline-dir=$(brew --prefix readline)
+      - run: make $JOBS incs
+      - run: make $JOBS
+      - run: make leaked-globals
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+      - run: make prepare-gems
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+      - run: make $JOBS -s ${{ matrix.test_task }}
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+        env:
+          RUBY_TESTOPTS: "-q --tty=no"
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: "rexml"
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mingw.yml b/.github/workflows/mingw.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a5d64c7b2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/mingw.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+name: MinGW
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+# Notes:
+# Actions console encoding causes issues, see test-all & test-spec steps
+#
+jobs:
+  make:
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    name: ${{ github.workflow }} (${{ matrix.msystem }})
+    env:
+      MSYSTEM: MINGW64
+      MSYSTEM_PREFIX: /mingw64
+      MSYS2_ARCH: x86_64
+      CHOST: "x86_64-w64-mingw32"
+      CFLAGS:   "-march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O3 -pipe -fstack-protector-strong"
+      CXXFLAGS: "-march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -O3 -pipe"
+      CPPFLAGS: "-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048"
+      LDFLAGS:  "-pipe -fstack-protector-strong"
+      UPDATE_UNICODE: "UNICODE_FILES=. UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES=. UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES=. UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES=."
+      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        test_task: [ "check" ] # to make job names consistent
+      fail-fast: false
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    steps:
+      - run: mkdir build
+        working-directory:
+      - name: git config
+        run: |
+          git config --system core.autocrlf false
+          git config --system core.eol lf
+          git config --system advice.detachedHead 0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          path: src
+      - name: Set up Ruby & MSYS2
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          ruby-version: 2.6
+          mingw: _upgrade_ gdbm gmp libffi libyaml openssl ragel readline
+          msys2: automake1.16 bison
+      - name: where check
+        run: |
+          # show where
+          Write-Host
+          $where = 'gcc.exe', 'ragel.exe', 'make.exe', 'bison.exe', 'libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll', 'libssl-1_1-x64.dll'
+          foreach ($e in $where) {
+            $rslt = where.exe $e 2>&1 | Out-String
+            if ($rslt.contains($e)) { Write-Host $rslt }
+            else { Write-Host "`nCan't find $e" }
+          }
+
+      - name: autogen
+        run: |
+          ./autogen.sh
+        working-directory: src
+        shell: sh
+
+      - name: configure
+        run: |
+          # Actions uses UTF8, causes test failures, similar to normal OS setup
+          $PSDefaultParameterValues['*:Encoding'] = 'utf8'
+          [Console]::OutputEncoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
+          [Console]::InputEncoding  = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
+          $config_args = "--build=$env:CHOST --host=$env:CHOST --target=$env:CHOST"
+          Write-Host $config_args
+          sh -c "../src/configure --disable-install-doc --prefix=/. $config_args"
+          # Write-Host "-------------------------------------- config.log"
+          # Get-Content ./config.log | foreach {Write-Output $_}
+
+      - name: update
+        run: |
+          $jobs = [int](2 * $env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS)
+          make -j $jobs incs
+
+      - name: download gems
+        run: |
+          $jobs = [int](2 * $env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS)
+          make -j $jobs update-gems
+
+      - name: make all
+        timeout-minutes: 40
+        run: |
+          $jobs = [int](2 * $env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS)
+          make -j $jobs
+
+      - name: make install
+        run: |
+          # Actions uses UTF8, causes test failures, similar to normal OS setup
+          $PSDefaultParameterValues['*:Encoding'] = 'utf8'
+          [Console]::OutputEncoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
+          [Console]::InputEncoding  = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
+          make DESTDIR=../install install-nodoc
+
+      - name: test
+        timeout-minutes: 5
+        run: |
+          make test
+
+      - name: test-all
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+        run: |
+          # Actions uses UTF8, causes test failures, similar to normal OS setup
+          $PSDefaultParameterValues['*:Encoding'] = 'utf8'
+          [Console]::OutputEncoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
+          [Console]::InputEncoding  = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
+          $jobs = [int](1.5 * $env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS)
+          if ($env:BUNDLER_VERSION) { Remove-Item env:\BUNDLER_VERSION }
+          make test-all TESTOPTS="-j $jobs --retry --job-status=normal --show-skip --timeout-scale=1.5"
+
+      - name: test-spec
+        timeout-minutes: 10
+        working-directory: src/spec/ruby
+        run: |
+          $env:Path = "$pwd/../../../install/bin;$env:Path"
+          # Actions uses UTF8, causes test failures, similar to normal OS setup
+          $PSDefaultParameterValues['*:Encoding'] = 'utf8'
+          [Console]::OutputEncoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
+          [Console]::InputEncoding  = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding("IBM437")
+          ruby -v
+          ruby ../mspec/bin/mspec -I../../tool/lib -j
+
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} ${{ matrix.msystem }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mjit.yml b/.github/workflows/mjit.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8dcbcf7760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/mjit.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+name: MJIT
+on: [push, pull_request]
+jobs:
+  make:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        test_task: [check] # to make job names consistent
+        jit_opts: [--jit-wait]
+      fail-fast: false
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    env:
+      TESTOPTS: '-q --tty=no'
+      RUN_OPTS: '--disable-gems ${{ matrix.jit_opts }} --jit-debug=-ggdb3'
+      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
+    steps:
+      - run: mkdir build
+        working-directory:
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          sudo apt-get update -q || :
+          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev libgdbm-dev bison autoconf ruby
+      - name: git config
+        run: |
+          git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          path: src
+      - name: Fixed world writable dirs
+        run: |
+          chmod -v go-w $HOME $HOME/.config
+          sudo chmod -R go-w /usr/share
+          sudo bash -c 'IFS=:; for d in '"$PATH"'; do chmod -v go-w $d; done' || :
+      - name: Set ENV
+        run: |
+          echo "GNUMAKEFLAGS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
+        working-directory: src
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc cppflags=-DVM_CHECK_MODE
+      - run: make incs
+      - run: make
+      - run: sudo make -s install
+      - run: sudo apt-get install gdb # used by test / test-all failure
+      - name: Run test
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited
+          make -s test RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS"
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+      # - name: Run test-all
+      #   run: |
+      #     ulimit -c unlimited
+      #     make -s test-all RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS"
+      #   timeout-minutes: 60
+      - name: Run test-spec
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited
+          make -s test-spec RUN_OPTS="$RUN_OPTS"
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }} ${{ matrix.jit_opts }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/spec_guards.yml b/.github/workflows/spec_guards.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf053cdd05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/spec_guards.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+name: Rubyspec Version Guards Check
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  rubyspec:
+    name: Rubyspec
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        # Specs from ruby/spec should still run on all supported Ruby versions.
+        # This also ensures the needed ruby_version_is guards are there, see spec/README.md.
+        ruby:
+          - ruby-2.5
+#         - ruby-2.6
+          - ruby-2.7
+          - ruby-3.0
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          ruby-version: ${{ matrix.ruby }}
+          bundler: none
+      - run: gem install webrick
+      - run: ruby ../mspec/bin/mspec
+        working-directory: spec/ruby
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ github.workflow }} / rubyspec @ ${{ matrix.ruby }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml b/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93187699be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+name: Ubuntu
+on: [push, pull_request]
+jobs:
+  make:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        test_task: [ "check", "test-bundler-parallel", "test-bundled-gems", "test-all TESTS=--repeat-count=2" ]
+        os:
+          - ubuntu-20.04
+#         - ubuntu-18.04
+#         - ubuntu-16.04
+        debug: ["", "-DRUBY_DEBUG"]
+        exclude:
+          - test_task: test-bundler-parallel
+            os: ubuntu-16.04
+          - test_task: test-bundled-gems
+            os: ubuntu-16.04
+          - test_task: "test-all TESTS=--repeat-count=2"
+            os: ubuntu-16.04
+          - os: ubuntu-16.04
+            debug: -DRUBY_DEBUG
+          - test_task: "test-all TESTS=--repeat-count=2"
+            debug: -DRUBY_DEBUG
+      fail-fast: false
+    env:
+      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
+      RUBY_DEBUG: ci
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    steps:
+      - run: mkdir build
+        working-directory:
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          sudo apt-get update -q || :
+          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -q -y build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev libgdbm-dev bison autoconf ruby
+      - name: git config
+        run: |
+          git config --global advice.detachedHead 0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          path: src
+      - name: Fixed world writable dirs
+        run: |
+          chmod -v go-w $HOME $HOME/.config
+          sudo chmod -R go-w /usr/share
+          sudo bash -c 'IFS=:; for d in '"$PATH"'; do chmod -v go-w $d; done' || :
+      - name: Set ENV
+        run: |
+          echo "JOBS=-j$((1 + $(nproc --all)))" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - run: ./autogen.sh
+        working-directory: src
+      - name: Run configure
+        run: ../src/configure -C --disable-install-doc cppflags=${{ matrix.debug }}
+      - run: make $JOBS incs
+      - run: make $JOBS
+      - run: make leaked-globals
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+      - run: make prepare-gems
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+      - name: Create dummy files in build dir
+        run: |
+          ./miniruby -e '(("a".."z").to_a+("A".."Z").to_a+("0".."9").to_a+%w[foo bar test zzz]).each{|basename|File.write("#{basename}.rb", "raise %(do not load #{basename}.rb)")}'
+        if: matrix.test_task == 'check'
+      - run: make $JOBS -s ${{ matrix.test_task }}
+        timeout-minutes: 30
+        env:
+          RUBY_TESTOPTS: "-q --tty=no"
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: ""
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ matrix.os }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}${{ matrix.debug }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/windows.yml b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..98e59ae188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+name: Windows
+on: [push, pull_request]
+jobs:
+  make:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        test_task: [test]
+        os: [windows-2019]
+        vs: [2019]
+      fail-fast: false
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    env:
+      GITPULLOPTIONS: --no-tags origin ${{github.ref}}
+      VCVARS: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\${{ matrix.vs }}\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+    steps:
+      - run: md build
+        working-directory:
+      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+        with:
+          path: C:\vcpkg\downloads
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-download-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ github.sha }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-download-${{ matrix.os }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg-download-
+      - name: Install libraries with vcpkg
+        run: |
+          vcpkg --triplet x64-windows install readline zlib
+      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+        with:
+          path: C:\Users\runneradmin\AppData\Local\Temp\chocolatey
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-chocolatey-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ github.sha }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-chocolatey-${{ matrix.os }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-chocolatey-
+      - name: Install libraries with chocolatey
+        run: |
+          choco install --no-progress openssl
+          choco install --no-progress winflexbison3 --version=2.5.18.20190508
+      - name: git config
+        run: |
+          git config --system advice.detachedHead 0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          path: src
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "%VCVARS%"
+          ../src/win32/configure.bat --disable-install-doc --without-ext=+,dbm,gdbm --enable-bundled-libffi --with-opt-dir=C:/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows --with-openssl-dir="C:/Program Files/OpenSSL-Win64"
+      - name: nmake
+        run: |
+          call "%VCVARS%"
+          set YACC=win_bison
+          echo on
+          nmake incs
+          nmake extract-extlibs
+          nmake
+      - name: nmake test
+        timeout-minutes: 30
+        run: |
+          call "%VCVARS%"
+          nmake ${{ matrix.test_task }}
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "ci": "GitHub Actions",
+              "env": "${{ matrix.os }} / ${{ matrix.test_task }}",
+              "url": "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}",
+              "commit": "${{ github.sha }}",
+              "branch": "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SIMPLER_ALERTS_URL }} # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    working-directory: build
+    shell: cmd
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 57557c9c2e..8d11d7278a 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,37 +1,67 @@
 *-*-*.def
+*-*-*.exp
+*-*-*.lib
 *.a
 *.bak
+*.bc
+*.bundle
 *.dSYM
+*.dmyh
 *.dylib
+*.elc
+*.i
 *.inc
 *.log
 *.o
+*.obj
+*.old
 *.orig
+*.pch
+*.pdb
+*.rbinc
 *.rej
+*.s
 *.sav
+*.sl
+*.so
 *.swp
+*.yarb
 *~
-.*-*
 .*.list
 .*.time
 .DS_Store
+.bundle
 .ccmalloc
 .ext
 .pc
 .ppack
 .svn
+.time
+.ruby-version
 Makefile
+cygruby*.def
 extconf.h
 y.output
 y.tab.c
+*.gcda
+*.gcno
+*.gcov
+*.vscode
+lcov*.info
 
 # /
+/*-fake.rb
+/*.dll
+/*.exe
+/*.res
 /*.pc
+/*.rc
 /*_prelude.c
+/.downloaded-cache
+/.top-enc.mk
+/build*/
 /COPYING.LIB
-/ChangeLog-1.8.0
-/ChangeLog.pre-alpha
-/ChangeLog.pre1_1
+/ChangeLog
 /Doxyfile
 /GNUmakefile
 /README.atheos
@@ -41,7 +71,9 @@ y.tab.c
 /archive
 /autom4te*.cache
 /automake
+/benchmark/benchmark-driver
 /beos
+/bmlog-*
 /breakpoints.gdb
 /config.cache
 /config.h
@@ -49,14 +81,23 @@ y.tab.c
 /config.status
 /config.status.lineno
 /configure
+/coverage/simplecov
+/coverage/simplecov-html
+/coverage/doclie
+/coverage/.last_run.json
+/coverage/.resultset.json*
+/coverage/assets
+/coverage/index.html
 /doc/capi
 /enc.mk
-/enc/trans/*.c
 /encdb.h
 /exts.mk
 /goruby
-/id.h
+/id.[ch]
 /largefile.h
+/lcov-c-out
+/lcov-rb-out
+/lcov-out
 /lex.c
 /libruby*.*
 /miniprelude.c
@@ -72,44 +113,88 @@ y.tab.c
 /ppack
 /prelude.c
 /preview
+/probes.dmyh
+/probes.h
 /rbconfig.rb
 /rename2.h
 /repack
 /revision.h
+/revision.tmp
 /riscos
 /rubicon
 /ruby
+/ruby-runner
+/ruby-runner.h
 /ruby-man.rd.gz
+/run.gdb
+/sizes.c
+/static-ruby
 /test.rb
+/test-coverage.dat
 /tmp
 /transdb.h
 /uncommon.mk
+/verconf.h
+/verconf.mk
 /web
 /yasmdata.rb
 
+# /bin/
+
+/bin/*.exe
+/bin/*.dll
+
 # /benchmark/
+/benchmark/bm_require.data
 /benchmark/bmx_*.rb
+/benchmark/fasta.output.*
+/benchmark/wc.input
+
+/enc/*.def
+/enc/*.exp
+/enc/*.lib
+/enc/jis/props.h
+/enc/unicode/data
+
+# /coroutine/
+!/coroutine/**/*.s
 
 # /enc/trans/
 /enc/trans/*.c
+/enc/trans/*.def
+/enc/trans/*.exp
+/enc/trans/*.lib
+
+# /exe/
+/exe/goruby
+/exe/ruby
 
 # /ext/
 /ext/extinit.c
+/ext/configure-ext.mk
+/ext/*/exts.mk
 
-# /ext/dl/
-/ext/dl/*.func
+# /ext/-test-/cxxanyargs
+/ext/-test-/cxxanyargs/failure*.failed
 
-# /ext/dl/callback/
-/ext/dl/callback/*.func
-/ext/dl/callback/callback-*.c
-/ext/dl/callback/callback.c
+# /ext/-test-/win32/dln/
+/ext/-test-/win32/dln/dlntest.dll
+/ext/-test-/win32/dln/dlntest.exp
+/ext/-test-/win32/dln/dlntest.lib
 
-# /ext/iconv/
-/ext/iconv/config.charset
-/ext/iconv/iconv.rb
+# /ext/etc/
+/ext/etc/constdefs.h
+
+# /ext/fiddle/
+/ext/fiddle/libffi-*
+
+# /ext/rbconfig/
+/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/sizes.c
+/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/limits.c
 
 # /ext/ripper/
 /ext/ripper/eventids1.c
+/ext/ripper/.eventids2-check
 /ext/ripper/eventids2table.c
 /ext/ripper/ripper.*
 /ext/ripper/ids1
@@ -120,12 +205,26 @@ y.tab.c
 /ext/socket/constdefs.h
 /ext/socket/constdefs.c
 
-# /ext/tk/
-/ext/tk/config_list
+# /gems
+/gems/*.gem
+/gems/src
+/gems/*-*
+
+# /lib/
+/lib/ruby/[1-9]*.*
+/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby
 
-# /spec/
-/spec/mspec
-/spec/rubyspec
+# /spec/bundler
+/.rspec_status
+
+# /tool/
+/tool/config.guess
+/tool/config.sub
 
 # /win32/
 /win32/*.ico
+
+# MJIT
+/rb_mjit_header.h
+/mjit_config.h
+/include/ruby-*/*/rb_mjit_min_header-*.h
diff --git a/.indent.pro b/.indent.pro
deleted file mode 100644
index 6a207a0554..0000000000
--- a/.indent.pro
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
--bap
--nbbb
--nbc
--br
--nbs
--ncdb
--ce
--cli0.5
--ndj
--ei
--nfc1
--i4
--l120
--lp
--npcs
--psl
--sc
--sob
-
--TID
--TVALUE
diff --git a/.rspec_parallel b/.rspec_parallel
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aaff198a32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.rspec_parallel
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+--format progress
+--format ParallelTests::RSpec::RuntimeLogger --out tmp/parallel_runtime_rspec.log
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 286342c1cc..d480307dd6 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -1,8 +1,291 @@
-# no installation...
-before_script: autoconf
-script: "./configure && make all test"
+# -*- YAML -*-
+# Copyright (C) 2011 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
+# granted,  to either  redistribute  or  modify this  file,  provided that  the
+# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the  file for
+# details.
 
+# This is  a Travis-CI  build configuration file.   The list  of configurations
+# available is located in
+#
+#     http://about.travis-ci.org/docs/user/build-configuration/
+#
+# and as Ruby itself is a project written in C language,
+#
+#     http://about.travis-ci.org/docs/user/languages/c/
+#
+# is also a good place to look at.
+
+language: c
+
+os: linux
+
+dist: xenial
+
+git:
+  quiet: true
+
+cache:
+  ccache: true
+  directories:
+    - $HOME/config_2nd
+    - $HOME/.downloaded-cache
+
+env:
+  global:
+    # Reset timestamps early
+    - _=$(touch NEWS && find . -type f -exec touch -r NEWS {} +)
+    - CONFIGURE_TTY=no
+    - CCACHE_COMPILERCHECK=none
+    - CCACHE_NOCOMPRESS=1
+    - CCACHE_MAXSIZE=512Mi
+    - NPROC="`nproc`"
+    # JOBS and SETARCH are overridden when necessary; see below.
+    - JOBS=-j$((1+${NPROC}))
+    - SETARCH=
+    - RUBY_PREFIX=/tmp/ruby-prefix
+    - GEMS_FOR_TEST='timezone tzinfo'
+    - UPDATE_UNICODE="UNICODE_FILES=. UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES=. UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES=. UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES=."
+    - BEFORE_INSTALL=true
+    # https://github.com/travis-ci/travis-build/blob/e411371dda21430a60f61b8f3f57943d2fe4d344/lib/travis/build/bash/travis_apt_get_options.bash#L7
+    - travis_apt_get_options='--allow-downgrades --allow-remove-essential --allow-change-held-packages'
+    - travis_apt_get_options="-yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends $travis_apt_get_options"
+
+.org.ruby-lang.ci.matrix-definitions:
+
+  - &make-test-only
+    script:
+      - $SETARCH make -s test TESTOPTS="${TESTOPTS=$JOBS -q --tty=no}"
+
+  - &gcc-8
+    compiler: gcc-8
+    # # Not using addon to control retries
+    # addons:
+    #   apt:
+    #     sources:
+    #       - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
+    before_install:
+      - bash -cx "${BEFORE_INSTALL}"
+      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-add-repository -y "ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test"
+      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo bash -c "rm -rf '${TRAVIS_ROOT}/var/lib/apt/lists/'* && exec apt-get update -yq"
+      - >-
+        tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-get $travis_apt_get_options install
+        ccache
+        gcc-8
+        g++-8
+        libffi-dev
+        libgdbm-dev
+        libncurses5-dev
+        libncursesw5-dev
+        libreadline6-dev
+        libssl-dev
+        libyaml-dev
+        openssl
+        zlib1g-dev
+
+  - &clang-8
+    compiler: clang-8
+    addons:
+      apt:
+        # Not doing this manually unlike other sources, because it has been stable.
+        sources:
+          - llvm-toolchain-xenial-8
+        config:
+          retries: true
+    before_install:
+      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo bash -c "rm -rf '${TRAVIS_ROOT}/var/lib/apt/lists/'* && exec apt-get update -yq"
+      - >-
+        tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-get $travis_apt_get_options install
+        clang-8
+        llvm-8-tools
+        libffi-dev
+        libgdbm-dev
+        libncurses5-dev
+        libncursesw5-dev
+        libreadline6-dev
+        libssl-dev
+        libyaml-dev
+        openssl
+        zlib1g-dev
+
+  # --------
+
+  - &x86_64-linux
+    name: x86_64-linux
+    <<: *gcc-8
+
+  - &arm64-linux
+    name: arm64-linux
+    arch: arm64
+    <<: *gcc-8
+
+  - &s390x-linux
+    name: s390x-linux
+    arch: s390x
+    <<: *gcc-8
+
+  - &i686-linux
+    name: i686-linux
+    compiler: gcc-8
+    env:
+      - GCC_FLAGS=-m32
+      - CXX='g++-8 -m32'
+      - debugflags=-g0
+      - SETARCH='setarch i686 --verbose --3gb'
+    # # Not using addon to control retries
+    # addons:
+    #   apt:
+    #     sources:
+    #       - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
+    before_install:
+      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-add-repository -y "ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test"
+      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo bash -c "rm -rf '${TRAVIS_ROOT}/var/lib/apt/lists/'* && exec apt-get update -yq"
+      - >-
+        tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-get $travis_apt_get_options install
+        gcc-8-multilib
+        g++-8
+        g++-8-multilib
+        libstdc++-8-dev:i386
+        libffi-dev:i386
+        libffi6:i386
+        libgdbm-dev:i386
+        libgdbm3:i386
+        libncurses5-dev:i386
+        libncurses5:i386
+        libncursesw5-dev:i386
+        libreadline6-dev:i386
+        libreadline6:i386
+        libssl-dev:i386
+        libssl1.0.0:i386
+        linux-libc-dev:i386
+        zlib1g-dev:i386
+        zlib1g:i386
+
+  - &arm32-linux
+    name: arm32-linux
+    arch: arm64
+    # https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/crossbuild-essential-armhf
+    compiler: arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
+    env:
+      - debugflags=-g0
+      - SETARCH='setarch linux32 --verbose --32bit'
+    before_install:
+      - sudo dpkg --add-architecture armhf
+      - tool/travis_retry.sh sudo bash -c "rm -rf '${TRAVIS_ROOT}/var/lib/apt/lists/'* && exec apt-get update -yq"
+      - >-
+        tool/travis_retry.sh sudo -E apt-get $travis_apt_get_options install
+        ccache
+        crossbuild-essential-armhf
+        libc6:armhf
+        libstdc++-5-dev:armhf
+        libffi-dev:armhf
+        libffi6:armhf
+        libgdbm-dev:armhf
+        libgdbm3:armhf
+        libncurses5-dev:armhf
+        libncurses5:armhf
+        libncursesw5-dev:armhf
+        libreadline6-dev:armhf
+        libreadline6:armhf
+        libssl-dev:armhf
+        libssl1.0.0:armhf
+        linux-libc-dev:armhf
+        zlib1g-dev:armhf
+        zlib1g:armhf
+
+matrix:
+  include:
+    # Build every commit:
+    - <<: *i686-linux
+    # Build every commit (Allowed Failures):
+    - <<: *arm32-linux
+    - <<: *arm64-linux
+    - <<: *s390x-linux
+  allow_failures:
+    - name: arm32-linux
+    - name: arm64-linux
+    - name: s390x-linux
+  fast_finish: true
+
+before_script:
+  - rm -fr .ext autom4te.cache
+  - |-
+    [ -d ~/.downloaded-cache ] ||
+    mkdir ~/.downloaded-cache
+  - ln -s ~/.downloaded-cache
+  - "> config.status"
+  - "> .rbconfig.time"
+  - sed -f tool/prereq.status template/Makefile.in common.mk > Makefile
+  - make touch-unicode-files
+  - make -s $JOBS $UPDATE_UNICODE up
+  - make -s $JOBS srcs
+  - rm -f config.status Makefile rbconfig.rb .rbconfig.time
+  - |-
+    if [ -d ~/config_2nd ]; then
+      cp -pr ~/config_2nd build
+    else
+      mkdir build
+    fi
+  - mkdir config_1st config_2nd
+  - chmod -R a-w .
+  - chmod -R u+w build config_1st config_2nd
+  - cd build
+  - |-
+    case "$CC" in
+    gcc*)   CC="ccache $CC${GCC_FLAGS:+ }$GCC_FLAGS -fno-diagnostics-color";;
+    clang*) CC="ccache $CC${GCC_FLAGS:+ }$GCC_FLAGS -fno-color-diagnostics";;
+    esac
+  - |-
+    [ ! -f config.cache ] ||
+    [ "$CC" = "`sed -n s/^ac_cv_prog_CC=//p config.cache`" ] ||
+    (set -x; exec rm config.cache)
+  - $SETARCH ../configure -C --disable-install-doc --prefix=$RUBY_PREFIX $CONFIG_FLAG
+  - cp -pr config.cache config.status .ext/include ../config_1st
+  - $SETARCH make reconfig
+  - cp -pr config.cache config.status .ext/include ../config_2nd
+  - (cd .. && exec diff -ru config_1st config_2nd)
+  - chmod u+w ..
+  - rm -rf ~/config_2nd
+  - mv ../config_2nd ~
+  - chmod u-w ..
+  - $SETARCH make -s $JOBS
+  - make -s install
+  - |-
+    [ -z "${GEMS_FOR_TEST}" ] ||
+    $RUBY_PREFIX/bin/gem install --no-document $GEMS_FOR_TEST
+  - echo "raise 'do not load ~/.irbrc in test'" > ~/.irbrc
+
+script:
+  - $SETARCH make -s test -o showflags TESTOPTS="${TESTOPTS=$JOBS -q --tty=no}"
+  - travis_wait 50 $SETARCH make -s test-all -o exts TESTOPTS="${TESTOPTS} ${TEST_ALL_OPTS}" RUBYOPT="-w"
+  - $SETARCH make -s test-spec MSPECOPT=-ff # not using `-j` because sometimes `mspec -j` silently dies
+  - $SETARCH make -s -o showflags leaked-globals
+
+# Branch matrix.  Not all branches are Travis-ready so we limit branches here.
 branches:
   only:
-    - trunk
-    - ruby_1_9_3
+    - master
+    - ruby_2_4
+    - ruby_2_5
+    - ruby_2_6
+    - ruby_2_7
+
+# We want to be notified when something happens.
+notifications:
+  irc:
+    channels:
+      - "chat.freenode.net#ruby-core"
+    on_success: change # [always|never|change] # default: always
+    on_failure: always # [always|never|change] # default: always
+    template:
+      - "%{message} by @%{author}: See %{build_url}"
+
+  webhooks:
+    urls:
+      - secure: mRsoS/UbqDkKkW5p3AEqM27d4SZnV6Gsylo3bm8T/deltQzTsGzZwrm7OIBXZv0UFZdE68XmPlyHfZFLSP2V9QZ7apXMf9/vw0GtcSe1gchtnjpAPF6lYBn7nMCbVPPx9cS0dwL927fjdRM1vj7IKZ2bk4F0lAJ25R25S6teqdk= # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot (travis)
+    on_success: never
+    on_failure: always
+
+  email:
+    - ko1c-failure@atdot.net
diff --git a/BSDL b/BSDL
index 82725534fa..66d93598aa 100644
--- a/BSDL
+++ b/BSDL
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-Copyright (C) 1993-2010 Yukihiro Matsumoto. All rights reserved.
+Copyright (C) 1993-2013 Yukihiro Matsumoto. All rights reserved.
 
 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 are met:
 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 
 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ffdf2dd4b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Please see the [official issue tracker] and wiki [HowToContribute].
+
+[official issue tracker]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org
+[HowToContribute]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby/wiki/HowToContribute
diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING
index a1f19ff99d..48e5a96de7 100644
--- a/COPYING
+++ b/COPYING
@@ -2,55 +2,55 @@ Ruby is copyrighted free software by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@netlab.jp>.
 You can redistribute it and/or modify it under either the terms of the
 2-clause BSDL (see the file BSDL), or the conditions below:
 
-  1. You may make and give away verbatim copies of the source form of the
-     software without restriction, provided that you duplicate all of the
-     original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.
+1. You may make and give away verbatim copies of the source form of the
+   software without restriction, provided that you duplicate all of the
+   original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.
 
-  2. You may modify your copy of the software in any way, provided that
-     you do at least ONE of the following:
+2. You may modify your copy of the software in any way, provided that
+   you do at least ONE of the following:
 
-       a) place your modifications in the Public Domain or otherwise
-          make them Freely Available, such as by posting said
-	  modifications to Usenet or an equivalent medium, or by allowing
-	  the author to include your modifications in the software.
+   a. place your modifications in the Public Domain or otherwise
+      make them Freely Available, such as by posting said
+      modifications to Usenet or an equivalent medium, or by allowing
+      the author to include your modifications in the software.
 
-       b) use the modified software only within your corporation or
-          organization.
+   b. use the modified software only within your corporation or
+      organization.
 
-       c) give non-standard binaries non-standard names, with
-          instructions on where to get the original software distribution.
+   c. give non-standard binaries non-standard names, with
+      instructions on where to get the original software distribution.
 
-       d) make other distribution arrangements with the author.
+   d. make other distribution arrangements with the author.
 
-  3. You may distribute the software in object code or binary form,
-     provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
+3. You may distribute the software in object code or binary form,
+   provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
 
-       a) distribute the binaries and library files of the software,
-	  together with instructions (in the manual page or equivalent)
-	  on where to get the original distribution.
+   a. distribute the binaries and library files of the software,
+      together with instructions (in the manual page or equivalent)
+      on where to get the original distribution.
 
-       b) accompany the distribution with the machine-readable source of
-	  the software.
+   b. accompany the distribution with the machine-readable source of
+      the software.
 
-       c) give non-standard binaries non-standard names, with
-          instructions on where to get the original software distribution.
+   c. give non-standard binaries non-standard names, with
+      instructions on where to get the original software distribution.
 
-       d) make other distribution arrangements with the author.
+   d. make other distribution arrangements with the author.
 
-  4. You may modify and include the part of the software into any other
-     software (possibly commercial).  But some files in the distribution
-     are not written by the author, so that they are not under these terms.
+4. You may modify and include the part of the software into any other
+   software (possibly commercial).  But some files in the distribution
+   are not written by the author, so that they are not under these terms.
 
-     For the list of those files and their copying conditions, see the
-     file LEGAL.
+   For the list of those files and their copying conditions, see the
+   file LEGAL.
 
-  5. The scripts and library files supplied as input to or produced as 
-     output from the software do not automatically fall under the
-     copyright of the software, but belong to whomever generated them, 
-     and may be sold commercially, and may be aggregated with this
-     software.
+5. The scripts and library files supplied as input to or produced as
+   output from the software do not automatically fall under the
+   copyright of the software, but belong to whomever generated them,
+   and may be sold commercially, and may be aggregated with this
+   software.
 
-  6. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
-     IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
-     WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
-     PURPOSE.
+6. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
+   IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
+   WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+   PURPOSE.
diff --git a/COPYING.ja b/COPYING.ja
index 5b5b91c149..230376bc60 100644
--- a/COPYING.ja
+++ b/COPYING.ja
@@ -1,51 +1,51 @@
-$BK\%W%m%0%i%`$O%U%j!<%=%U%H%&%'%"$G$9!%(B2-clause BSDL
-$B$^$?$O0J2<$K<($9>r7o$GK\%W%m%0%i%`$r:FG[I[$G$-$^$9(B
-2-clause BSDL$B$K$D$$$F$O(BBSDL$B%U%!%$%k$r;2>H$7$F2<$5$$!%(B
+本プログラムはフリーソフトウェアです．2-clause BSDL
+または以下に示す条件で本プログラムを再配布できます
+2-clause BSDLについてはBSDLファイルを参照して下さい．
 
-  1. $BJ#@=$O@)8B$J$/<+M3$G$9!%(B
+1. 複製は制限なく自由です．
 
-  2. $B0J2<$N>r7o$N$$$:$l$+$rK~$?$9;~$KK\%W%m%0%i%`$N%=!<%9$r(B
-     $B<+M3$KJQ99$G$-$^$9!%(B
+2. 以下の条件のいずれかを満たす時に本プログラムのソースを
+   自由に変更できます．
 
-     (a) $B%M%C%H%K%e!<%:$K%]%9%H$7$?$j!$:n<T$KJQ99$rAwIU$9$k(B
-         $B$J$I$NJ}K!$G!$JQ99$r8x3+$9$k!%(B
+   a.  ネットニューズにポストしたり，作者に変更を送付する
+       などの方法で，変更を公開する．
 
-     (b) $BJQ99$7$?K\%W%m%0%i%`$r<+J,$N=jB0$9$kAH?%FbIt$@$1$G(B
-         $B;H$&!%(B
+   b.  変更した本プログラムを自分の所属する組織内部だけで
+       使う．
 
-     (c) $BJQ99E@$rL@<($7$?$&$(!$%=%U%H%&%'%"$NL>A0$rJQ99$9$k!%(B
-         $B$=$N%=%U%H%&%'%"$rG[I[$9$k;~$K$OJQ99A0$NK\%W%m%0%i(B
-         $B%`$bF1;~$KG[I[$9$k!%$^$?$OJQ99A0$NK\%W%m%0%i%`$N%=!<(B
-         $B%9$NF~<jK!$rL@<($9$k!%(B
+   c.  変更点を明示したうえ，ソフトウェアの名前を変更する．
+       そのソフトウェアを配布する時には変更前の本プログラ
+       ムも同時に配布する．または変更前の本プログラムのソー
+       スの入手法を明示する．
 
-     (d) $B$=$NB>$NJQ99>r7o$r:n<T$H9g0U$9$k!%(B
+   d.  その他の変更条件を作者と合意する．
 
-  3. $B0J2<$N>r7o$N$$$:$l$+$rK~$?$9;~$KK\%W%m%0%i%`$r%3%s%Q%$(B
-     $B%k$7$?%*%V%8%'%/%H%3!<%I$d<B9T7A<0$G$bG[I[$G$-$^$9!%(B
+3. 以下の条件のいずれかを満たす時に本プログラムをコンパイ
+   ルしたオブジェクトコードや実行形式でも配布できます．
 
-     (a) $B%P%$%J%j$r<u$1<h$C$??M$,%=!<%9$rF~<j$G$-$k$h$&$K!$(B
-         $B%=!<%9$NF~<jK!$rL@<($9$k!%(B
+   a.  バイナリを受け取った人がソースを入手できるように，
+       ソースの入手法を明示する．
 
-     (b) $B5!3#2DFI$J%=!<%9%3!<%I$rE:IU$9$k!%(B
+   b.  機械可読なソースコードを添付する．
 
-     (c) $BJQ99$r9T$C$?%P%$%J%j$OL>A0$rJQ99$7$?$&$(!$%*%j%8%J(B
-         $B%k$N%=!<%9%3!<%I$NF~<jK!$rL@<($9$k!%(B
+   c.  変更を行ったバイナリは名前を変更したうえ，オリジナ
+       ルのソースコードの入手法を明示する．
 
-     (d) $B$=$NB>$NG[I[>r7o$r:n<T$H9g0U$9$k!%(B
+   d.  その他の配布条件を作者と合意する．
 
-  4. $BB>$N%W%m%0%i%`$X$N0zMQ$O$$$+$J$kL\E*$G$"$l<+M3$G$9!%$?(B
-     $B$@$7!$K\%W%m%0%i%`$K4^$^$l$kB>$N:n<T$K$h$k%3!<%I$O!$$=(B
-     $B$l$>$l$N:n<T$N0U8~$K$h$k@)8B$,2C$($i$l$k>l9g$,$"$j$^$9!%(B
+4. 他のプログラムへの引用はいかなる目的であれ自由です．た
+   だし，本プログラムに含まれる他の作者によるコードは，そ
+   れぞれの作者の意向による制限が加えられる場合があります．
 
-     $B$=$l$i%U%!%$%k$N0lMw$H$=$l$>$l$NG[I[>r7o$J$I$KIU$$$F$O(B
-     LEGAL$B%U%!%$%k$r;2>H$7$F$/$@$5$$!%(B
+   それらファイルの一覧とそれぞれの配布条件などに付いては
+   LEGALファイルを参照してください．
 
-  5. $BK\%W%m%0%i%`$X$NF~NO$H$J$k%9%/%j%W%H$*$h$S!$K\%W%m%0%i(B
-     $B%`$+$i$N=PNO$N8"Mx$OK\%W%m%0%i%`$N:n<T$G$O$J$/!$$=$l$>(B
-     $B$l$NF~=PNO$r@8@.$7$??M$KB0$7$^$9!%$^$?!$K\%W%m%0%i%`$K(B
-     $BAH$_9~$^$l$k$?$a$N3HD%%i%$%V%i%j$K$D$$$F$bF1MM$G$9!%(B
+5. 本プログラムへの入力となるスクリプトおよび，本プログラ
+   ムからの出力の権利は本プログラムの作者ではなく，それぞ
+   れの入出力を生成した人に属します．また，本プログラムに
+   組み込まれるための拡張ライブラリについても同様です．
 
-  6. $BK\%W%m%0%i%`$OL5J]>Z$G$9!%:n<T$OK\%W%m%0%i%`$r%5%]!<%H(B
-     $B$9$k0U;V$O$"$j$^$9$,!$%W%m%0%i%`<+?H$N%P%0$"$k$$$OK\%W(B
-     $B%m%0%i%`$N<B9T$J$I$+$iH/@8$9$k$$$+$J$kB;32$KBP$7$F$b@U(B
-     $BG$$r;}$A$^$;$s!%(B
+6. 本プログラムは無保証です．作者は本プログラムをサポート
+   する意志はありますが，プログラム自身のバグあるいは本プ
+   ログラムの実行などから発生するいかなる損害に対しても責
+   任を持ちません．
diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
deleted file mode 100644
index 9c6be96999..0000000000
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17602 +0,0 @@
-Fri Nov 22 12:44:56 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* util.c (ruby_strtod): ignore too long fraction part, which does not
-	  affect the result.
-
-Fri Nov  1 00:08:21 2013  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_pkey_ec.rb: Skip tests for "Oakley" curves as
-	  they are not suitable for ECDSA.
-	  [ruby-core:54881] [Bug #8384]
-
-Fri Nov  1 00:04:17 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* parse.y: Remove +(binary) and -(binary) special cases
-	  [Feature #9048]
-
-Thu Oct 31 23:57:22 2013  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_array.rb (test_count): add a test case for #count
-	  with an argument. See Bug #8654.
-
-Thu Oct 31 23:57:22 2013  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_count): check length to avoid SEGV
-	  while iterating. Remove other pointer loop when arg is given.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_array.rb (test_count): add test for bug.
-	  [ruby-core:56072] [Bug #8654]
-
-Thu Oct 31 23:57:22 2013  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_count): iterate items appropriately.
-	  [Bug #8654]
-
-Thu Oct 31 23:42:39 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/tempfile.rb (Tempfile#unlink): finalizer is no longer needed
-	  after unlinking.  patched by by normalperson (Eric Wong) at
-	  [ruby-core:56521] [Bug #8768]
-
-Thu Oct 31 23:40:43 2013  Zachary Scott  <e@zzak.io>
-
-	* lib/gserver.rb: [DOC] correct gserver.rb license [Bug #8913]
-
-Thu Oct 31 23:35:12 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vsnprintf.c (MAXEXP, MAXFRACT): calculate depending on constants in
-	  float.h.
-
-	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): limit length for cvt() to get rid of
-	  buffer overflow.  [ruby-core:57023] [Bug #8864]
-
-	* vsnprintf.c (exponent): make expbuf size more precise.
-
-Thu Oct 31 23:32:41 2013  Michal Rokos  <michal@rokos.cz>
-
-	* configure.in (sys/pstat.h): fix missing header check for
-	  missing/setproctitle.c on HP-UX.  [ruby-core:56644] [Bug #8792]
-
-Thu Oct 31 23:25:25 2013  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c: Ensure compatibility to builds of
-	  OpenSSL with OPENSSL_NO_EC2M defined, but OPENSSL_NO_EC not
-	  defined.
-	* test/openssl/test_pkey_ec.rb: Iterate over built-in curves
-	  (and assert their non-emptiness!) instead of hard-coding them, as
-	  this may cause problems with respect to the different availability
-	  of individual curves in individual OpenSSL builds.
-	  [ruby-core:54881] [Bug #8384]
-
-	  Thanks to Vit Ondruch for providing the patch!
-
-Thu Oct 31 23:22:35 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* object.c (rb_obj_cmp): [DOC] patched by Keith Bennett
-	  <kbennett AT verisign.com>.  [ruby-core:57887] [Backport #9024]
-
-Thu Oct 31 23:10:30 2013  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/dl/test_base.rb: {libc, libm} detection now handle GNU/Hurd
-	  correctly. Patch by Gabriele Giacone (1o5g4r8o@gmail.com).
-	  [Bug #8937][ruby-core:57311]
-	* test/fiddle/helper.rb: ditto.
-
-Thu Oct 31 23:05:33 2013  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/time.rb (Time.strptime): Time.strptime('0', '%s') returns local
-	  time Time object as Ruby 2.0 and before.
-
-Thu Oct 31 23:05:33 2013  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/time.rb (Time.strptime): Use :offset.
-	  Patch by Felipe Contreras.  [ruby-core:57694]
-
-Thu Oct 31 22:49:56 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_close_read): duplex IO should wait its child process
-	  even after close_read.
-
-Thu Oct 31 22:49:56 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_close_read): keep fptr in write_io to be discarded, to
-	  fix freed pointer access when it is in use by other threads, and get
-	  rid of potential memory/fd leak.
-
-Mon Sep  2 17:21:47 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_parse.c (rfc2822_cb): check if wday is given, since it
-	  can be omitted.
-
-Mon Aug 19 18:36:37 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/webrick/test_cgi.rb (TestWEBrickCGI#{start_cgi_server,test_cgi}):
-	  mswin is not only mswin32 but also mswin64. [Bug #8746]
-
-Mon Aug 19 18:34:31 2013  Charlie Somerville  <charliesome@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Fix test for CVE-2013-4073.
-	  Patch by Antonio Terceiro. [Bug #8750] [ruby-core:56437]
-
-Mon Aug 19 18:31:26 2013  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* parse.y: fix build error with bison-3.0.
-
-Fri Aug 16 15:35:10 2013  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_{core,strftime}.c: [ruby-core:46990].
-
-Wed Aug 14 09:56:55 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (have_framework): allow header file to check.
-	  [ruby-core:55745] [Bug #8593]
-
-Fri Aug  9 16:29:22 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (xsystem): expand environment variable in all macros not
-	  expanded with RbConfig.  [Bug #8702]
-
-	* test/mkmf/test_framework.rb (create_framework): replace all $@ not
-	  only once.
-
-Fri Aug  9 15:59:22 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_peek_variable_name): treat invalid global, class,
-	  and instance variable names as mere strings rather than errors.
-	  [ruby-core:54885] [Bug #8375]
-
-Fri Aug  9 15:59:22 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_yylex): fail if $, @, @@ are not followed by a valid
-	  name character.  [ruby-core:54846] [Bug #8375].
-
-Fri Aug  9 15:56:05 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP#send_request_with_body_stream): use
-	  String#bytesize instead of String#length.
-	  reported by shekhei (shek hei wong) at [ruby-core:53775]
-	  [Backport #8176].
-
-Fri Aug  9 15:50:11 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (wrename): use MoveFileExW instead of MoveFileW,
-	  because the latter fails on cross device file move of some
-	  environments.
-	  fix [ruby-core:53492] [Bug #8109]
-	  reported by mitchellh (Mitchell Hashimoto)
-
-Thu Aug  8 16:09:26 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/coverage/test_coverage.rb (TestCoverage#test_big_code): use `1'
-	  instead of `p' to get rid of a side effect.
-	  Kernel#p without any argument seems to do nothing, but flushes stdout.
-	  and, if stdout is redirected to file, fsync() will be called on
-	  Windows.  so, when running test-all on Windows with redirection, such
-	  as CI environment, this test took a lot of time.
-
-Fri Aug  2 20:41:15 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (asn1time_to_time):  Implement YYMMDDhhmmZ
-	  format for ASN.1 UTCTime.  [ruby-trunk - Bug #8664]
-	* test/openssl/test_asn1.rb:  Test for the above.
-
-Fri Aug  2 20:34:06 2013  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (io_getpartial): use rb_str_locktmp_ensure().
-	  [ruby-core:56121] [Bug #8669]
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_sysread): ditto.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: add tests for above.
-
-Fri Aug  2 20:34:06 2013  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
-
-	* string.c: add internal API rb_str_locktmp_ensure().
-
-	* io.c (io_fread): use rb_str_locktmp_ensure().
-	  [ruby-core:56121] [Bug #8669]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: add a test for above.
-
-Fri Aug  2 20:03:39 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* rational.c (f_round_common): Rational is expected to be returned by
-	  Rational#*, but mathn.rb breaks that assumption.  [ruby-core:56177]
-	  [Bug #8687]
-
-Wed Jul 17 11:00:21 2013  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: [ruby-core:46058].
-
-Wed Jul 17 10:14:37 2013  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/openssl/ssl-internal.rb: Fix SSL client connection crash for SAN
-	  marked critical.
-	  The patch for CVE-2013-4073 caused SSL crash when a SSL server returns
-	  the certificate that has critical SAN value.  X509 extension could
-	  include 2 or 3 elements in it:
-
-	  [id, criticality, octet_string] if critical,
-	  [id, octet_string] if not.
-
-	  Making sure to pick the last element of X509 extension and use it as
-	  SAN value.
-	  [ruby-core:55685] [Bug #8575]
-
-	  Thank you @nahi for providing the patch!
-
-Wed Jul 17 09:59:33 2013  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: fixed coding error [ruby-core:55337].
-	  reported by Riley Lynch.
-
-Wed Jul 17 09:59:33 2013  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: fixed a bug [ruby-core:55295].  reported
-	  by Riley Lynch.
-
-Thu Jul 11 10:07:15 2013  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigMath_s_exp): Fix for the cases when
-	  the argument x is not a BigDecimal.
-	  This change is based on the patch made by Heesob Park and Garth Snyder.
-	  [Bug #6862] [ruby-core:47145]
-	  [Fix GH-332] https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/332
-
-Wed Jul 10 10:27:12 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_path_next, rb_path_skip_prefix,
-	  rb_path_last_separator, rb_path_end, ruby_find_basename,
-	  ruby_find_extname): restore the declarations of these functions for
-	  backword compatibility.
-
-	* filc.c (rb_path_next, rb_path_skip_prefix, rb_path_last_separator,
-	  rb_path_end, ruby_find_basename, ruby_find_extname): implements
-	  these functions as the wrapper of rb_enc_*().
-
-Wed Jul 10 10:05:40 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_f_lambda): restore the declaration of
-	  rb_f_lambda() for backword compatibility.
-
-Thu Jun 27 20:11:52 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl-inernal.rb (verify_certificate_identity):
-	  fix hostname verification. Patched by nahi.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb (test_verify_certificate_identity): test for
-	  above.
-
-Wed Jun 26 18:28:29 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_m17n.rb: assert_predicate and assert_not_predicate
-	  is not available on 1.9.3.
-
-Wed Jun 26 17:08:13 2013  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h, vm_eval.c (rb_funcall_with_block):
-	  new function to invoke a method with a block passed
-	  as an argument.
-
-	* string.c (sym_call): use the above function to avoid
-	  a block sharing. [ruby-dev:47438] [Bug #8531]
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_yield_with_cfunc): don't set block
-	  in the frame.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_symbol.rb (TestSymbol#test_block_given_to_proc):
-	  run related tests.
-
-Wed Jun 26 17:01:22 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_hash_shift.rb: add benchmark for Hash#shift
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_shift): use st_shift if hash is not being iterated to
-	  delete element without iterating the whole hash.
-
-	* hash.c (shift_i): remove function
-
-	* include/ruby/st.h (st_shift): add st_shift function
-
-	* st.c (st_shift): ditto
-
-	[Backport #8328] [ruby-core:55250] Patch by funny-falcon
-
-Wed Jun 26 16:52:57 2013  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_proc.rb (TestProc#test_block_given_method_to_proc):
-	  run test for r41359.
-
-Wed Jun 26 16:52:57 2013  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h, proc.c (rb_method_call_with_block):
-	  new function to invoke a Method object with a block passed
-	  as an argument.
-
-	* proc.c (bmcall): use the above function to avoid a block sharing.
-	  [ruby-core:54626] [Bug #8341]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_proc.rb (TestProc#test_block_persist_between_calls):
-	  run related tests.
-
-Wed Jun 26 16:36:39 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* defs/id.def (predefined): add "idProc".
-
-	* proc.c (mnew, mproc, mlambda): use predefined IDs.
-
-	* vm.c (Init_VM): ditto.
-
-Wed Jun 26 16:36:39 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_block_lambda): add declaration instead of
-	  deprecated rb_f_lambda.
-
-Wed Jun 26 16:31:49 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/imap.rb (capability_response): should ignore trailing
-	  spaces.  Thanks, Peter Kovacs.  [ruby-core:55024] [Bug #8415]
-
-	* test/net/imap/test_imap_response_parser.rb: related test.
-
-Wed Jun 26 16:29:41 2013  Charlie Somerville  <charliesome@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* intern.h: remove dangling rb_class_init_copy declaration
-	  [ruby-core:55120] [Bug #8434]
-
-Wed Jun 26 16:22:12 2013  Charlie Somerville  <charliesome@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* class.c (include_modules_at): invalidate method cache if included
-	  module contains constants
-
-	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: add test
-
-Wed Jun 26 16:13:25 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (io_getc): fix 7bit coderange condition, check if ascii read
-	  data instead of read length. [ruby-core:55444] [Bug #8516]
-
-Wed Jun 26 16:10:01 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/socket/extconf.rb:  Enable RFC 3542 IPV6 socket options for OS X
-	  10.7+.  [ruby-trunk - Bug #8517]
-
-Wed Jun  5 12:38:14 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (setup_overlapped, finish_overlapped): extract from
-	  rb_w32_read() and rb_w32_write().
-
-Wed May 29 21:03:08 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (POSTLINK): default to : command to get rid of flag
-	  only command, since BSD make does not work with it.
-
-Wed May 29 20:59:38 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/yaml.rb: documentation updates, patched by zzak.
-	  [ruby-core:54735] [Backport #8356]
-
-Wed May 15 14:04:39 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* Makefile.in (miniruby): 1.9.3 doesn't have POSTLINK macro.
-	  reported by Takahiro Kambe at [ruby-list:49362].
-
-Wed May 15 01:06:26 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h: should include sys/time.h for struct timeval
-	  if it exists.
-
-Wed May 15 00:23:07 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (warnflags): disable -Werror by default unless
-	  development.  [ruby-core:52131] [Bug #7830]
-
-Wed May 15 00:21:31 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* signal.c: need to include unistd.h for write(2).
-
-Tue May 14 20:25:58 2013  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/dl/lib/dl/func.rb (DL::Function#call): check tainted when
-	  $SAFE > 0.
-	* ext/fiddle/function.c (function_call): check tainted when $SAFE > 0.
-	* test/fiddle/test_func.rb (module Fiddle): add test for above.
-
-
-Tue May 14 11:36:22 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/imap.rb (getacl_response): parse the mailbox of an ACL
-	  response correctly.  [ruby-core:54365] [Bug #8281]
-
-Tue May 14 11:24:22 2013  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: Correct shutdown behavior w.r.t GC.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Add tests to verify correct behavior.
-
-	[Bug #8240] Patch provided by Shugo Maeda. Thanks!
-
-Tue May 14 11:22:33 2013  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in (AC_CHECK_HEADERS): atomic.h for Solaris atomic_ops.
-
-	* ruby_atomic.h: Skip using Solaris10 atomic_ops on Solaris 9 or
-	  earlier if atomic.h is not available. [ruby-dev:47229] [Bug #8228]
-
-Tue May 14 10:42:23 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (MAIN_DOES_NOTHING): ensure symbols for tests to be
-	  preserved.  [ruby-core:53745] [Bug #8169]
-
-Tue May 14 10:42:23 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (MAIN_DOES_NOTHING): force to refer symbols for tests
-	  to be preserved.  [ruby-core:53745] [Bug #8169]
-
-Tue May 14 10:39:33 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* regexec.c (onig_search): fix problem with optimization of \z.
-	  [Backport #8210]
-	  patched by k_takata at [ruby-core:54251].
-
-Tue May 14 09:36:14 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* time.c (GetTimeval): check if already initialized instance.
-
-	* time.c (GetNewTimeval): check if newly created instance.
-
-	* time.c (time_init_0, time_init_1, time_init_copy, time_mload): must
-	  be newly created instance.  [ruby-core:53436] [Bug #8099]
-
-Thu Apr 11 11:24:42 2013  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/ipaddr.rb (IPAddr#in6_addr): Fix a typo with the closing
-	  parenthesis.
-
-Thu Apr 11 11:24:42 2013  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/ipaddr.rb (IPAddr#in6_addr): Fix the parser so that it can
-	  recognize IPv6 addresses with only one edge 16-bit piece
-	  compressed, like [::2:3:4:5:6:7:8] or [1:2:3:4:5:6:7::].
-	  [Bug #7477]
-
-Thu Apr 11 11:22:32 2013  Naohisa Goto  <ngoto@gen-info.osaka-u.ac.jp>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_concat): set array element after definition
-	  to fix compile error with Fujitsu C Compiler 5.6 on Solaris 10
-	  on Sparc.  [Bug #5878] [ruby-dev:45123]
-
-Thu Apr 11 11:21:25 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_magic_comment): should pass the proper value.
-	  [ruby-dev:44984][Bug #5753]
-
-Thu Apr 11 11:18:57 2013  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: [ruby-core:52303]
-
-Thu Apr  4 16:21:39 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (count_nodes): fix key for unknown node.
-	  based on a patch by tmm1 (Aman Gupta) in [ruby-core:53130] [Bug #8014]
-
-Thu Apr  4 16:17:14 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* Makefile.in (miniruby, ruby): move MAINLIBC because linker arguments
-	  must appear after object files with newer versions of gcc.  patch by
-	  tmm1 (Aman Gupta) in [ruby-core:53121] [Bug #8009]
-
-Thu Apr  4 09:44:10 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (DLDFLAGS): use TARGET_ENTRY to specify an entry point
-	  instead of TARGET which may contain non-identifer characters.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): add TARGET_NAME which is the first
-	  part consists of only word characters.  [ruby-core:46248][Bug #6709]
-
-Tue Apr  2 13:13:19 2013  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* transcode.c (documentation for str_encode): Explain
-	  that transcoding to the same encoding is a no-op
-	  (i.e. no exceptions, no replacements,...).
-	  [ruby-core:43557][Bug #6190]
-
-Tue Apr  2 13:13:19 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* transcode.c (str_encode_bang, encoded_dup): if nothing was
-	  transcoded, just set encoding but leave coderange unchanged as
-	  forcee_encoding.  [ruby-core:43557][Bug #6190]
-
-Tue Apr  2 13:07:29 2013  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* time.c (num_exact): use to_r method only if to_int method is
-	  available.
-	  [ruby-core:53764] [Bug #8173] reported by Hiro Asari.
-
-Tue Apr  2 13:01:55 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (EXTDLDFLAGS): split options for each extension
-	  libraries, and unused in ruby.pc.  [Bug #6734]
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#configuration): add EXTDLDFLAGS.
-
-Tue Apr  2 12:59:35 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_read): Windows 8 fixed one of a bug of console
-	  API.
-	  based on the patch by Heesob Park at [ruby-core:49479] [Bug #7379]
-
-Tue Apr  2 12:56:15 2013  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* signal.c (ruby_abort): fix typo in r39354 [Bug #5014]
-
-Tue Apr  2 12:56:15 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* signal.c (check_stack_overflow): extract duplicated code and get rid
-	  of declaration-after-statement.  [Bug #5014]
-
-Tue Apr  2 12:56:15 2013  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* signal.c (sigsegv): avoid to use async signal unsafe functions
-	  when nested sigsegv is happen.
-	  [Bug #5014] [ruby-dev:44082]
-
-Fri Mar 29 13:22:15 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/missing.h: fixed merge mistake of r39985.
-	  [Backport #8080]
-
-Thu Mar 28 19:01:54 2013  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* include/ruby/missing.h: removed __linux__. it's unnecessary.
-
-Thu Mar 28 19:01:54 2013  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c: disabled _FORTIFY_SOURCE for avoid to hit glibc bug.
-	  [Bug #8080] [ruby-core:53349]
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_io_select_with_many_files):
-	  test for the above.
-
-Thu Mar 28 19:01:54 2013  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* include/ruby/missing.h (__syscall): moved to...
-	* io.c: here. because __syscall() is only used from io.c.
-
-	* include/ruby/missing.h: move "#include <sys/type.h>" to ....
-	* include/ruby/intern.h: here. because it was introduced for
-	  fixing NFDBITS issue. [ruby-core:05179].
-
-Thu Mar 28 19:01:54 2013  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* include/ruby/missing.h (struct timespec): include <sys/time.h>
-
-Thu Mar 28 19:01:54 2013  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: check struct timeval exist or not.
-	* include/ruby/missing.h (struct timeval): check HAVE_STRUCT_TIMEVAL
-	  properly. and don't include sys/time.h if struct timeval exist.
-
-	* file.c: include sys/time.h explicitly.
-	* random.c: ditto.
-	* thread_pthread.c: ditto.
-	* time.c: ditto.
-	* ext/date/date_strftime.c: ditto.
-
-Thu Mar 28 18:54:31 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* regcomp.c (optimize_node_left, set_optimize_info_from_tree): right
-	  handling for look behind anchor.
-
-	* regexec.c (onig_search): ditto.
-	  [Backport #8076]
-
-	this patch is derived from Onigmo base tree.
-
-Thu Mar 28 18:35:01 2013  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* win32/file.c (get_user_from_path):  add internal function that retrieves
-	  username from supplied path (refactored).
-	* win32/file.c (rb_file_expand_path_internal):  refactor expansion of user
-	  home to use get_user_from_path and cover dir_string corner cases.
-	  [ruby-core:53168] [Bug #8034]
-
-Thu Mar 28 18:35:01 2013  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* win32/file.c (rb_file_expand_path_internal):  Expand home directory when
-	  used as second parameter (dir_string).  [ruby-core:53168] [Bug #8034]
-	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: add test to verify.
-
-Thu Mar 28 18:18:49 2013  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: raise TypeError when trying to encode nil
-	  values for Primitive instances.
-	* test/openssl/test_asn1.rb: Assert consistent behavior when
-	  encoding nil values: Primitives raise TypeError, Constructives
-	  raise NoMethodError.
-	  Fixes [ruby-core:43009][Bug #6102]
-
-Thu Mar 28 18:14:41 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/mkconfig.rb: reconstruct comma separated list values.  a
-	  command line to Windows batch file is split not only by spaces
-	  and equal signs but also by commas and semicolons.
-
-Thu Mar 28 18:13:38 2013  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (str_byte_substr): don't set coderange if it's not known.
-	  [Bug #7954] [ruby-dev:47108]
-
-Thu Mar 28 18:12:19 2013  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/document.rb: move entity_expansion_text_limit accessor to ...
-	* lib/rexml/rexml.rb: ... here to make rexml/text independent from
-	  REXML::Document. It causes circular require.
-	* lib/rexml/document.rb (REXML::Document.entity_expansion_text_limit):
-	  deprecated.
-	* lib/rexml/document.rb (REXML::Document.entity_expansion_text_limit=):
-	  deprecated.
-	* lib/rexml/text.rb: add missing require "rexml/rexml" for
-	  REXML.entity_expansion_text_limit.
-	  Reported by Robert Ulejczyk. Thanks!!! [ruby-core:52895] [Bug #7961]
-
-Thu Mar 21 20:34:52 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_err_in_callback.rb (TestErrInCallBack#setup):
-	  allow using different root for source and build directories.
-	  this may fixes a minor problem of r39834.
-
-Thu Mar 21 20:34:52 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_err_in_callback.rb (TestErrInCallBack#setup): use
-	  relative path to get rid of "too long commandline" error.
-
-Thu Mar 21 20:34:52 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_err_in_callback.rb
-	  (TestErrInCallBack#test_err_in_callback): shouldn't create a file in
-	  the top of build directory.
-
-Tue Feb 26 09:53:59 2013  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* st.c (st_add_direct): int is not always same with st_index_t.  some
-	  version of clang reports error.
-
-	* thread.c (vm_living_thread_num): ditto.
-	  reported by d6rkaiz (Isao Sugimoto) at [ruby-dev:47096]
-	  [Backport #7946]
-
-Fri Feb 22 18:36:51 2013  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* lib/rexml/document.rb (REXML::Document.entity_expansion_text_limit):
-	  new attribute to read/write entity expansion text limit.  the default
-	  limit is 10Kb.
-
-	* lib/rexml/text.rb (REXML::Text.unnormalize): check above attribute.
-
-Fri Feb 22 14:48:15 2013  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (vm_exec): get rid of a SEGV when calling rb_iter_break() from
-	  some extention libraries. [Backport #7896] [ruby-core:52607]
-
-Fri Feb 22 14:40:57 2013  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c : remove a unused function.
-
-Fri Feb 22 14:40:57 2013  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* regparse.c (onig_number_of_names): suppress a warning.
-
-Fri Feb 22 14:40:57 2013  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_cfunc): remove useless hack.
-
-Fri Feb 22 14:40:57 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_cfunc): suppress a warning.  note that
-	  `volatile type *var' doesn't make var itself volatile.
-
-Fri Feb 22 14:28:17 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval_jump.c (rb_exec_end_proc): remember the latest exit status.
-	  [ruby-core:43173][Bug #5218]
-
-Fri Feb 22 14:25:57 2013  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c (Init_readline): don't set 0 to
-	  rl_catch_signals and rl_catch_sigwinch. [Bug #5423]
-
-Wed Feb 13 16:18:22 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/json: Import JSON 1.5.5.
-
-Wed Feb  6 17:39:19 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rdoc: Import RDoc 3.9.5.
-
-Wed Feb  6 14:27:25 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (rsock_unix_sockaddr_len): return
-	  sizeof(sa_familiy_t) if path is empty.  see "Autobind Feature" in
-	  unix(7) for details.
-
-	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb (unix_socket_abstract_name?): treat an
-	  empty path as an abstract name.
-
-	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: related test.
-
-	* ext/socket/unixsocket.c (rsock_init_unixsock): use rb_inspect()
-	  because rb_sys_fail_str() fails if its argument contains NUL.
-
-	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: related test.
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_s_pack_sockaddr_un): calculate the
-	  correct address length of an abstract socket.
-
-	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: related test.
-
-	* ext/socket/raddrinfo (rsock_unix_sockaddr_len): renamed from
-	  rsock_unixpath_len, because it returns not the length of the path,
-	  but the length of a socket address for the path.
-
-	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (rsock_unixpath_len, init_unix_addrinfo),
-	  ext/socket/unixsocket.c (unixsock_connect_internal,
-	  rsock_init_unixsock): calculate the correct address length of
-	  an abstract socket.  Without this fix, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un)
-	  is specified as the length of an abstract socket for bind(2) or
-	  connect(2), so the address of the socket is filled with extra NUL
-	  characters.  See unix(7) for details.
-
-	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb (unix_server_socket): don't access the
-	  file system if the platform is Linux and path starts with NUL,
-	  which means that the socket is an abstract socket.
-
-	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: related test.
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_s_pack_sockaddr_un): support the longest
-	  path in sockaddr_un, really.
-	  reported by nagachika.
-	  http://d.hatena.ne.jp/nagachika/20120426/ruby_trunk_changes_35474_35476
-
-	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (init_unix_addrinfo): support the longest
-	  path in sockaddr_un.
-	  (inspect_sockaddr): ditto.
-	  (addrinfo_mdump): ditto.
-	  (addrinfo_mload): ditto.
-	  (rsock_unixpath_str): new function.
-	  (rsock_unixpath): removed.
-	  (rsock_unixaddr): use rsock_unixpath_str.
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_s_pack_sockaddr_un): support the longest
-	  path in sockaddr_un.
-	  (sock_s_unpack_sockaddr_un): ditto.
-	  (sock_s_gethostbyaddr): unused variable removed.
-
-	* ext/socket/unixsocket.c (rsock_init_unixsock): support the longest
-	  path in sockaddr_un.
-
-	* ext/socket/rubysocket.h (rsock_unixpath_str): declared.
-	  (rsock_unixpath): removed.
-
-	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: comment out test_nul because abstract unix
-	  sockets may contain NULs.
-
-Wed Feb  6 14:20:12 2013  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/basicsocket.c (bsock_getsockname): ignore truncated
-	  part of socket address.
-	  (bsock_getpeername): ditto.
-	  (bsock_local_address): ditto.
-	  (bsock_remote_address): ditto.
-
-	* ext/socket/unixsocket.c (unix_path): ditto.
-	  (unix_addr): ditto.
-	  (unix_peeraddr): ditto.
-
-	* ext/socket/init.c (cloexec_accept): ditto.
-
-Wed Feb  6 14:19:07 2013  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/parsers/baseparser.rb, test/rexml/test_comment.rb:
-	  allow a single hyphen in comment. [Bug #5278] [ruby-core:39289]
-	  Reported by Thomas Fritzsche. Thanks!!!
-
-Wed Feb  6 14:14:38 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (realpath_rec): prevent link from GC while link_names refers
-	  the content.
-
-Wed Feb  6 14:13:25 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* missing/setproctitle.c (environ): use (*_NSGetEnviron()) instead of
-	  environ on Darwin for namespace cleanness, same as [ruby-core:00537].
-	  [ruby-core:45615] [Bug #6576]
-
-Wed Feb  6 14:05:09 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (glob_make_pattern): names under recursive need to be single
-	  basenames to match for each name.  [ruby-core:47418] [Bug #6977]
-
-Tue Jan 15 16:30:29 2013  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (gvl_init): Reset gvl.wait_yield explicitly when
-	  fork()ing. Patch by Apollon Oikonomopoulos. Thanks!
-	  [Bug #7693][ruby-core:51424]
-
-Tue Jan 15 16:25:35 2013  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_objspace_call_finalizer): finalize_deferred may free up
-	  a object which is reachable from a part after this function,
-	  e.g. ruby_vm_destruct(). [ruby-dev:46647] [Bug #7452]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb (test_finalizing_main_thread): add a test
-	  for above.
-
-Tue Jan 15 16:23:30 2013  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/protocol.rb (Net::InternetMessageIO#each_crlf_line):
-	  treat \r as newline as mame pointed. [ruby-dev:46425] [Bug #7278]
-
-Tue Jan 15 16:23:30 2013  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/protocol.rb (Net::InternetMessageIO#each_crlf_line):
-	  don't use /n in universal regexp. [ruby-dev:46394] [Bug #7278]
-
-Tue Jan 15 16:13:47 2013  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_to_s): use CRuby style.
-
-Tue Jan 15 16:13:47 2013  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c: use `RB_TYPE_P(x, t)` instead of
-	  `TYPE(x) == t`.
-
-Tue Jan 15 16:13:47 2013  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_sub):
-	  need to specify precision for converting Rational and Float.
-	  [ruby-dev:46544] [Bug #7404]
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_mult): ditto.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_divide): ditto.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_DoDivmod): ditto.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_divremain): ditto.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb: add tests for the above fixes.
-
-Tue Jan 15 16:03:30 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/mkconfig.rb: use configured libdir value to fix
-	  --enable-load-relative on systems where libdir is not default value,
-	  overridden in config.site files.  [ruby-core:47267] [Bug #6903]
-
-Tue Jan 15 15:55:09 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* object.c (Init_Object):  Added RDoc location pointers for
-	  Kernel#methods, Kernel#protected_methods, Kernel#private_methods and
-	  Kernel#public_methods.  [Bug #6666]
-
-Fri Jan 11 17:12:44 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_iseq_t): move flip_cnt from struct iseq_compile_data,
-	  because it has same life span as enclosing iseq.  [Bug #7671]
-	  [ruby-core:51296]
-
-Fri Jan 11 17:11:26 2013  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb: add dummy clean-static target to prevent errors for the
-	  case real clean-static target doesn't exist.
-
-Fri Jan 11 17:02:59 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_exec.h (GENTRY): GENTRY should be pointer size.
-	  A patch by yoshidam (Yoshida Masato) [Bug #7332].
-
-Fri Jan 11 16:57:31 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_trace.c (rb_threadptr_exec_event_hooks): added a parameter to pop
-	  a frame before JUMP_TAG() if exception occurred. This change fix bug
-	  of Ruby 1.9. [ruby-core:51128] [ruby-trunk - Bug #7624]
-
-	* vm_core.h (EXEC_EVENT_HOOK_AND_POP_FRAME): add to use
-	  `rb_threadptr_exec_event_hooks()' with the pop flag.
-
-	* vm.c (vm_exec): use EXEC_EVENT_HOOK_AND_POP_FRAME() while exception
-	  handling. While exception hadnling, if an exception is raised in
-	  hooks, need to pop current frame and raise this raised exception by
-	  hook.
-
-	* bootstraptest/test_flow.rb: add a test.
-
-Mon Jan  7 15:50:25 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (rb_vm_make_proc): save the proc made from the given block so
-	  that it will not get collected.  [ruby-core:50545] [Bug #7507]
-
-Tue Dec 25 23:35:09 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb: fix for if config["libdir"] is nil.
-
-Tue Dec 25 20:40:47 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c, include/ruby/intern.h (rb_big_eql): exported.
-
-	* thread.c (recursive_check): object_id maybe a Bignum, not Fixnum on
-	  LLP64.  see also r38493 and r38548.
-	  reported by Heesob Park at [ruby-core:51083] [Bug #7607], and patched
-	  by shirosaki at [ruby-core:51095]
-
-Tue Dec 25 09:54:31 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c (obj_id_to_ref): add a macro to treat Bignum object id.
-	  This follows the change r38493.
-
-	* gc.c (id2ref): fix for working fine with Bignum object id on x64
-	  Windows.
-	* gc.c (wmap_finalize): ditto.
-
-Sat Dec 22 00:33:28 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* object.c (rb_obj_hash): shouldn't assume object_id can be long.
-	  based on a patch by Heesob Park at [ruby-core:51060].
-	  cf. [Backport #7454]
-
-Sat Dec 22 00:33:28 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (nonspecial_obj_id): VALUE is not compatible with Fixnum on
-	  LLP64 platform, such as 64bit Windows.
-	  reporeted by Heesob Park at [ruby-core:50255] [Bug #7454], and the
-	  fix is suggested by akr.
-
-Fri Dec 21 16:03:54 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_argf.rb (TestArgf#test_chars): since marshal data is
-	  binary, shouldn't pass via text mode.  use base64 encoded data.
-
-Thu Dec 13 23:10:52  Charlie Somerville  <charlie@charliesomerville.com>
-	* object.c (Init_Object): use rb_mod_init_copy for Class#initialize_copy
-	* class.c (rb_class_init_copy): rename to class_init_copy_check, performs type
-	  checks on arguments to prevent reinitialization of initialized class
-	  [ruby-core:50869] [Bug #7557]
-	* class.c (rb_mod_init_copy): use class_init_copy_check if receiver is T_CLASS
-	* test/ruby/test_class.rb (class TestClass): related test
-
-
-Thu Dec 20 18:46:17 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/dl/test_func.rb (test_name_with_block, test_bind, test_qsort1):
-	  call unbind to release the callback closure because maximum number
-	  of callbacks is limited to DL::MAX_CALLBACK (== 5) with pure DL
-	  without Fiddle.
-
-Thu Dec 20 18:46:17 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/dl/lib/dl/func.rb (DL::Function#unbind, #bound?): suppress
-	  NoMethodError when Fiddle is available. [ruby-core:50756] [Bug #7543]
-	* test/dl/test_func.rb (test_bound*, test_unbind*): tests for the above.
-
-Thu Dec 20 18:46:17 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/dl/lib/dl/func.rb (DL::Function#initialize, DL::Function#bind):
-	  ABI should be set by using CFunc#calltype even when Fiddle is used.
-	  When Fiddle is used and a block is given, name shoud not be ignored.
-	  [ruby-core:50562] [Bug #7514]
-
-	* ext/dl/lib/dl/import.rb (DL::Importer#bind_function): should respect
-	  abi and name when Fiddle is used.
-
-	* test/dl/test_func.rb (test_name_with_block): test for "name" method
-	  with giving a block.
-
-Thu Dec 20 18:43:00 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/extconf.rb, ext/fiddle/function.c
-	  (Fiddle::Function::STDCALL): FFI_STDCALL is not a macro, but an
-	  enumeration. [ruby-core:50398] [Bug #7483]
-
-Thu Dec 20 18:40:25 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (exec_event_hooks): exceptions in event hooks should not
-	  propagate outside.
-
-Thu Dec 20 18:37:45 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_m17n_comb.rb (test_str_crypt): Use RbConfig to get
-	  libc's directory. Patched by Vit Ondruch [ruby-core:49763] [Bug #7312]
-
-Thu Dec 20 18:37:45 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_crypt): crypt(3) may return NULL.
-	  Latest glibc (2.16?) crypt(3) actually returns NULL. [Bug #7312]
-
-Thu Dec 20 18:36:19 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/dl/lib/dl/func.rb (DL::Function#bind): When Fiddle is used,
-	  @ptr should be updated. This fixes SEGV raised in DL::Function#call
-	  after calling DL::Function#bind. [Bug #7516] [ruby-dev:46708]
-
-	* test/dl/test_func.rb (test_bind): test for the above
-
-Thu Dec 20 18:35:36 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.h (SET_MACHINE_STACK_END): add volatile for preventing
-	  harmful optimization.  [ruby-dev:46665] [Bug #7468]
-
-Thu Dec 20 18:34:38 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* compile.c (ADD_CATCH_ENTRY): add a cast to fix SEGV with x64 mingw
-	  on Windows 8. Without cast, 0 might be non zero value at higher bits
-	  in rb_ary_new3().
-	  [ruby-core:50258] [Bug #7456]
-
-Wed Dec 19 21:24:40 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (argf_each_codepoint): add missing ARGF#codepoints [Bug #7438]
-
-Wed Dec 19 21:20:23 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (file_expand_path): use wcscasecmp().
-
-Wed Dec 19 21:15:29 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_yylex): fix false usage of local variable, it cannot
-	  appear in fname state [ruby-core:49659] [Bug #7408]
-
-Wed Dec 19 21:14:28 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c: return true or false. Patch by Dirkjan Bussink. [Bug #6821]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: add test-case for this bug.
-
-Wed Dec 19 21:12:49 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* marshal.c (r_entry0): don't taint classes and modules because
-	  Marshal.load just returns the dumped classes and modules.
-	  [Bug #7325] [ruby-core:49198]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_marshal.rb: related test.
-
-Tue Dec 11 19:19:33 2012  Luis Lavena <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* win32/file.c (replace_to_long_name): correct logic around wildcard
-	  characters detection and ensure wide-chars are used as pattern.
-	  [ruby-core:49451] [Bug #7374]
-
-Sat Nov 17 21:45:12  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* win32/file.c (replace_to_long_name): skip expansion for all wildcard
-	  characters.
-	  [ruby-core:49451] [Bug #7374]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: add more assertions to test.
-
-Tue Dec 11 19:19:33 2012  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* win32/file.c (replace_to_long_name): skip automatic path expansion
-	  when wildcard character is used.  [ruby-core:49451] [Bug #7374]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: add a test for above.
-
-Tue Dec 11 19:18:12 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/mkexports.rb (each_export): skip garbages generated by VS2012's
-	  nmake.
-	  reported and patched by Yoshida Masato at [Bug #7333] [ruby-dev:46484]
-
-Tue Dec 11 19:15:51 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_here_document): flush string content between new
-	  line and :string_embexpr.  [ruby-core:48703] [Bug #7255]
-
-Tue Dec 11 17:53:55 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): count flip-flop state in local iseq
-	  not in each iseqs, so that the keys can be other than hidden
-	  strings.  [ruby-core:47253] [Bug #6899]
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (lep_svar_get, lep_svar_set, vm_getspecial): store
-	  flip-flop states in an array instead of a hash.
-
-	* iseq.c (set_relation): main iseq also can has local scope.
-
-Tue Dec 11 17:52:30 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/backward/rubysig.h: fix visibility.  [Bug #6607]
-
-Tue Dec 11 17:49:45 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm.c (rb_vm_make_env_object): make Proc object if Env is possible
-	  to point block. [ruby-core:41038] [ruby-trunk - Bug #5634]
-
-	* vm.c (rb_vm_make_proc): No need to make Proc object here.
-
-	* bootstraptest/test_proc.rb: add tests.
-
-Tue Dec 11 17:47:01 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/irb/magic-file.rb: set a encoding, which is detected from
-	  the file to read, to the internal encoding.
-	  [Bug #4281][ruby-dev:43036]
-
-Thu Nov 15 15:17:11 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (free_method_entry_i): method entry may be in
-	  unlinked_method_entry_list.  [ruby-core:43383][Bug #6171]
-
-Wed Nov 14 20:20:46 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* ruby_atomic.h: renamed from atomic.h to avoid header file name
-	  conflict on Solaris 10. [ruby-dev:46414] [Bug #7287]
-
-	* gc.c, signal.c, vm_core.h, common.mk: reflect the rename from
-	  atomic.h to ruby_atomic.h.
-
-Tue Nov 13 18:13:10 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c: Use the non-recursive marking instead of recursion. The
-	  recursion marking of CRuby needs checking stack overflow and the
-	  fail-safe system, but these systems not good at partial points,
-	  for example, marking deep tree structures. [ruby-dev:46184]
-	  [Feature #7095]
-
-	* configure.in (GC_MARK_STACKFRAME_WORD): removed. It's used by
-	  checking stack overflow of marking.
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (GC_MARK_STACKFRAME_WORD): ditto.
-
-	* gc.c (free_stack_chunks): it is used only when per-VM object space
-	  is enabled.
-
-	* gc.c (rb_objspace_call_finalizer): mark self-referencing finalizers
-	  before run finalizers, to fix SEGV from btest on 32bit.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_mark_stacked_objects): extract from gc_marks().
-
-	* gc.c (rb_objspace_call_finalizer): call gc_mark_stacked_objects
-	  at suitable point.
-
-	* gc.c (init_heap): call init_mark_stack before to allocate
-	  altstack. This change avoid the stack overflow at the signal
-	  handler on 32bit, but I don't understand reason... [Feature #7095]
-
-Sat Nov 10 01:25:52 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (append_fspath): no need to do encoding trick here.
-
-Sat Nov 10 00:37:02 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* siphash.h: check configure macros before include newer headers.
-
-Sat Nov 10 00:37:02 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* siphash.c (sip_init_state): use union to suppress warnings by gcc
-	  4.7.
-
-Sat Nov 10 00:37:02 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* random.c (rb_memhash): use siphash.
-
-Fri Nov  9 16:17:09 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (append_fspath): revert a part of r37562.
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_expand_path_internal): ditto.
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_expand_path_internal): ignore the encoding of the
-	  given path name and use filesystem encoding, except when the result
-	  is 8bit range and the filesystem encoding is US-ASCII.
-	  [ruby-dev:39393] [Bug #2154]
-
-Fri Nov  9 16:15:50 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/csv/test_features.rb: add require for Tempfile.
-	* test/csv/test_serialization.rb: ditto.
-
-Fri Nov  9 13:47:45 2012  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole.rb (test_s_codepage_changed):
-	  FileSystemObject only supports ANSI or UTF-16LE encoding.
-	  Patch by bosko (Bosko Ivanisevic) [ruby-trunk - Bug #6650]
-
-Fri Nov  9 13:16:16 2012  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* bignum.c (bigmul0): enable big_mul_toom3.
-	  [ruby-core:48552] [Bug #7242]
-
-	* bignum.c (bigmul1_toom3): fix incorrect calculation.
-	  the patch is made by Heesob Park.
-	  [ruby-core:48552] [Bug #7242]
-
-Fri Nov  9 13:16:16 2012  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* bignum.c (bigmul0): disable big_mul_toom3 temporalily.
-	  [ruby-core:48552] [Bug #7242]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_bignum.rb (test_mul_large_numbers):
-	  add a test for bigmul1_toom3 suggested in [Bug #7242].
-
-Thu Nov  8 17:37:54 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (append_fspath): filesystem encoding is prior to the encoding
-	  of argument.
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_expand_path_internal, EXPAND_PATH_BUFFER): ignore
-	  the encoding of the given path name, use filesystem encoding always
-	  instead.  [ruby-dev:39393] [Bug #2154]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: removed 2.0 spec tests.
-
-Thu Nov  8 17:33:53 2012  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/zlib/extconf.rb: Recognize zlibwapi as linking library.
-	  Patch by Daniel Berger.
-
-	  [ruby-core:44979] [Feature #6421]
-
-Thu Nov  8 16:17:54 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_dir_m17n.rb: remove a garbage.
-
-Thu Nov  8 15:22:09 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_dir_m17n.rb: sorry, typo.
-
-Thu Nov  8 14:50:02 2012  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_variant.rb: setting WIN32OLE.locale
-	  to pass some assertion.  Thanks to Hiroshi Shirosaki.
-	  [ruby-core:46873][Bug #6814]
-
-Thu Nov  8 14:46:17 2012  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole.rb (test_s_codepage_changed):
-	  FileSystemObject only supports ANSI or UTF-16LE encoding.
-	  Patch by h.shirosaki (Hiroshi Shirosaki) [ruby-trunk - Bug #6650]
-
-
-Thu Nov  8 14:43:17 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_dir_m17n.rb: refactoring. RE should be in the left side
-	  of the =~ operator, and compare the result with nil is meaningless.
-
-Thu Nov  8 14:43:17 2012  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_dir_m17n.rb (create_and_check_raw_file_name): add new
-	  helper method to ease encoding testing. Patch by Oleg Sukhodolsky.
-	  [ruby-core:46589][Bug #6765]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_dir_m17n.rb (test_filename_extutf8): use filesystem
-	  encoding when reading entries and comparing.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_dir_m17n.rb (test_filename_utf8_raw_name): removed.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_dir_m17n.rb (test_filename_utf8_raw_jp_name): split test.
-
-Thu Nov  8 14:16:53 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#timestamp_file): use .-. instead of !, a
-	  special character of NMAKE and BSD make.  [Bug #7265]
-
-Thu Nov  8 14:16:53 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#timestamp_file): use ! instead of %, a GNU
-	  make special character.
-
-Thu Nov  8 14:16:53 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): use timestamp for destination
-	  directories to make them before making or copying files there.
-	  [ruby-dev:46067] [Bug #6904]
-
-Thu Nov  8 14:13:53 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (visibility_option): visibility attribute is not
-	  available before GCC 4, so do not use -fvisibility option in that
-	  case.  [ruby-core:48147] [Bug #7205]
-
-Thu Nov  8 14:11:49 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (rb_vm_jump_tag_but_local_jump): pass through thrown objects.
-	  [ruby-dev:46234] [Bug #7185]
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_eval_cmd): if state is non-zero, val should be nil and
-	  rb_vm_jump_tag_but_local_jump() just jump tag.
-
-Thu Nov  8 14:09:18 2012  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_add),
-	  test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb:
-	  need to specify precision for converting Rational and Float.
-	  [ruby-core:48045] [Bug #7176]
-
-Thu Nov  8 14:05:31 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (has_redirection): should use shell (cmd.exe) when
-	  the commandline containts '&'.
-	  reported by Roger Pack at [ruby-core:47912] [Bug #7143], and
-	  patched by Heesob Park at [ruby-core:47931].
-
-Fri Oct 26 17:22:18 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (append_fspath): need to set the encoding to result always.
-
-Fri Oct 26 11:03:46 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_enc_path_next, rb_enc_path_skip_prefix)
-	  (rb_enc_path_last_separator, rb_enc_path_end)
-	  (ruby_enc_find_basename, ruby_enc_find_extname): encoding-aware
-	  path handling functions.
-
-	* file.c (rb_home_dir, file_expand_path, rb_realpath_internal)
-	  (rb_file_s_basename, rb_file_dirname, rb_file_s_extname)
-	  (rb_file_join): should respect the encodings of arguments than
-	  file system encoding.  [ruby-dev:45145] [Bug #5919]
-
-	* dir.c (check_dirname, ruby_glob0): ditto.
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_sub_ext): ditto.
-
-Fri Oct 26 11:03:46 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* util.c, include/ruby/util.h (ruby_add_suffix): remove the function.
-	  [Bug #5153] [ruby-core:38736]
-
-	* io.c (argf_next_argv): remove the call of above function.
-
-	* ext/-test-/add_suffix, test/-ext-/test_add_suffix.rb: remove the test
-	  extension module because this is only for testsing ruby_add_suffix().
-
-	* LEGAL: remove the mention about a part of util.c, because now we
-	  removed the part.
-
-	* io.c (argf_next_argv): now the new filename is not guranteed to
-	  use, so should check the return value of rename(2).
-
-	* test/ruby/test_argf.rb (TestArgf#test_inplace_rename_impossible):
-	  now we expect same result with other platforms on no_safe_rename
-	  platforms (=Windows).
-
-Thu Oct 25 18:16:25 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/installer.rb (check_that_user_bin_dir_is_in_path):
-	  test_generate_bin_bindir_with_user_install_warning(TestGemInstaller)
-	  fails on Windows with msys bash. It makes comparing paths
-	  case-insensitive.
-	  pick from upstream to fix a failure of test-all [ruby-core:47711]
-	  https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/commit/c474edb2f3704206f04da1c8c6cf9fb079d84abe
-
-Thu Oct 25 17:55:01 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/etc/test_etc.rb (TestEtc#test_getpwuid): `s' is never set to nil.
-
-Thu Oct 25 16:59:17 2012  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: fix test introduced in r36811 for
-	  posix environments where HOME is not defined.  [ruby-core:47322]
-
-Thu Oct 25 16:59:17 2012  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in (mingw): add shlwapi to the list of dependency
-	  libs for Windows.
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (EXTSOLIBS): ditto.
-
-	* internal.h: declare internal functions rb_w32_init_file,
-	  rb_file_expand_path_internal and rb_file_expand_path_fast.
-
-	* file.c (Init_File): invoke Windows initialization rb_w32_init_file
-
-	* win32/file.c (rb_file_load_path_internal): new function.
-	  Windows-specific implementation that replaces file_expand_path.
-	  [Bug #6836][ruby-core:46996]
-
-	* win32/file.c (rb_w32_init_file): new function. Initialize codepage
-	  cache for faster conversion encodings lookup.
-
-	* file.c (file_expand_path): rename to rb_file_expand_path_internal.
-	  Conditionally exclude from Windows.
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_expand_path_fast): new function. delegates to
-	  rb_file_expand_path_internal without performing a hit to the
-	  filesystem.
-
-	* file.c (file_expand_path_1): use rb_file_expand_path_internal without
-	  path expansion (used by require).
-	* file.c (rb_find_file_ext_safe): ditto.
-	* file.c (rb_find_file_safe): ditto.
-
-	* load.c (rb_get_expanded_load_path): use rb_file_expand_path_fast.
-	* load.c (rb_feature_provided): ditto.
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_expand_path): use rb_file_expand_path_internal with
-	  path expansion.
-	* file.c (rb_file_absolute_path): ditto.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: new tests to exercise
-	  rb_file_expand_path_internal implementation and compliance with
-	  existing behaviors.
-
-Thu Oct 25 16:59:17 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/file.c (INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES): define for old SDK.
-
-Thu Oct 25 16:59:17 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/makedirs.bat: new command to make intermediate
-	  directories, and not to report any errors if the directory
-	  already exists.
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (MAKEDIRS): enable command extensions.
-
-Thu Oct 25 16:59:17 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (MAKEDIRS): use mkdir of cmd.exe instead of ruby.
-	  [Bug #6103] [ruby-core:43012]
-
-	* win32/README.win32: added a notice about command extension of cmd.exe.
-
-Thu Oct 25 16:59:17 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* Makefile.in (PLATFORM_DIR): add a variable for `win32` directory.
-	* Makefile.in (clean-platform): add new target.
-	  It cleans `win32` directory.
-
-	* common.mk (clean): add a dependency for `win32` directory.
-	* common.mk (distclean): ditto.
-	* common.mk (distclean-platform): add new target.
-	  It cleans `win32` directory.
-	* common.mk ($(PLATFORM_D)): add new target to make `win32` directory.
-	* common.mk (win32/win32.$(OBJEXT)): move win32.o into `win32`
-	  directory.
-	* common.mk (win32/file.$(OBJEXT)): add new target for win32/file.c.
-
-	* configure.in: move win32.o into `win32` directory and add
-	  win32/file.o to MISSING.
-
-	* file.c (file_load_ok, rb_file_load_ok): replace static
-	  file_load_ok() with public rb_file_load_ok().
-	  It's to link Windows implementation in win32/file.c.
-	* file.c (rb_find_file_ext_safe): ditto.
-	* file.c (rb_find_file_safe): ditto.
-
-	* win32/file.c (rb_file_load_ok): new file. Add Windows specific
-	  optimized implementation of rb_file_load_ok(). We created a
-	  separated file to avoid too many #ifdef macro which is unreadable.
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (PLATFORM_DIR): add a variable for `win32`
-	  directory.
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (MISSING): move win32.obj into `win32`
-	  directory and add win32/file.obj to MISSING.
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (MAKEDIRS): replace MINIRUBY with BASERUBY.
-	  It's because miniruby doesn't exist when making `win32` directory.
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (clean-platform): add new target to clean `win32`
-	  directory.
-	* win32/Makefile.sub ({$(srcdir)}.c{}.obj): make it not match
-	  win32/file.c to build properly.
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (win32/win32.$(OBJEXT)): move win32.obj into
-	 `win32` directory.
-
-	  Patch created with Luis Lavena.
-	  [ruby-core:42480] [Feature #5999]
-
-Fri Oct 19 13:28:29 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (opt-dir): allow multiple directories separated by
-	  $PATH_SEPARATOR as well as dir_config in mkmf.rb. [ruby-core:47868]
-	  [Bug #7120]
-
-Tue Oct 16 11:18:06 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (dir_config, init_mkmf): use configured libdir value as
-	  default library path.  [ruby-core:43726] [Bug #6207]
-
-Tue Oct 16 10:56:55 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_find_file_ext_safe, rb_find_file_safe): default to
-	  US-ASCII for encdb and transdb.
-
-	* load.c (search_required): keep encoding of feature name.  set
-	  loading path to filesystem encoding.  [Bug #6377][ruby-core:44750]
-
-	* ruby.c (add_modules, require_libraries): assume default external
-	  encoding as well as ARGV.
-
-Tue Oct 16 10:47:43 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* random.c (random_s_rand): ensure default PRNG is re-initialized
-	  after fork.  patched by Eric Wong.  [ruby-core:41209][Bug #5661]
-
-Tue Oct 16 10:21:23 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ruby.c (rb_f_sub, rb_f_gsub): pass the given block.
-	  [ruby-core:47967] [Bug #7157]
-
-Tue Oct 16 09:47:47 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb
-	  (TextRegexp#test_raw_hyphen_and_tk_char_type_after_range): use
-	  Regexp.new instead of literal to ignore a parser warning.
-
-Tue Oct 16 09:47:47 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb
-	  (TextRegexp#test_raw_hyphen_and_tk_char_type_after_range): ignoring
-	  warnings are already set in setup method.
-
-Sun Oct 14 01:21:42 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* regparse.c (parse_char_class): should match with a hyphen after a
-	  range in a character class.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb (TestRegexp#test_char_class): fixed wrong
-	  test.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb (TestRegexp#check): now can accept the
-	  error message.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb
-	  (TextRegexp#test_raw_hyphen_and_tk_char_type_after_range): renamed
-	  because the previous name was wrong.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb
-	  (TextRegexp#test_raw_hyphen_and_tk_char_type_after_range): added
-	  more test pattern.
-
-Sat Oct 13 01:41:38 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* regparse.c (parse_char_class): also need to check the type of token
-	  after raw hyphen in regexp class, because the charcter code area
-	  is union'ed with the property of TK_CHAR_TYPE.
-	  reported by Bushi Zhang at [ruby-core:47115] [Backport #6853].
-
-Sat Oct 13 01:39:46 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb
-	  (TestRegexp#test_raw_hyphen_and_type_char_after_range): added new
-	  test. ref [ruby-core:47115] [Backport #6853]
-
-Fri Oct 12 18:19:35 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_get_path_check): path name must not contain NUL bytes.
-
-Fri Oct 12 17:51:43 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* error.c (exc_to_s, name_err_to_s, name_err_mesg_to_str): do not
-	  taint messages.
-
-Fri Oct 12 16:11:23 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (LIBDIR_BASENAME): use configured libdir value to fix
-	  --enable-load-relative on systems where libdir is not default value,
-	  overridden in config.site files.  [ruby-core:47267] [Bug #6903]
-
-	* ruby.c (ruby_init_loadpath_safe): ditto.
-
-Fri Oct 12 13:56:01 2012  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_encoding.rb:
-	  Add require 'require 'rexml/document'
-
-Fri Oct 12 13:36:32 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (flodivmod): must through the same pass if HAVE_FMOD or not.
-	  this is a bugfix of r35013.
-
-Fri Oct 12 13:28:37 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_cloexec_fcntl_dupfd): get rid of compile error on windows.
-	  reported by Donovan Lampa at [ruby-core:43152] [Backport #6127],
-	  based on a patch by Hiroshi Shirosaki at [ruby-core:47917].
-
-Fri Oct 12 00:30:17 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (ioctl_narg_len, linux_iocparm_len): reinstantiate linux
-	  specific narg length calculation.
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_ioctl_linux2): add new test for old and
-	  unstructured ioctl.
-
-Fri Oct 12 00:30:17 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (ioctl_narg_len): don't use _IOC_SIZE macro on Linux.
-	  On Linux some constants for ioctl(2) doesn't include the size of
-	  its return value and 16bit value; for example FIONREAD 0x541B.
-	  Moreover the manual, ioctl_list(2),  says "Note  that  the  size
-	  bits  are  very unreliable: in lots of cases they are wrong,
-	  either because of buggy macros using sizeof(sizeof(struct)),
-	  or because of legacy values."
-	  So we shouldn't use it.
-
-Tue Sep 25 09:30:36 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/mkexports.rb: should not export DllMain().
-	  reported by luis at [ruby-core:46743] [Bug #6790], solved by
-	  Heesob Park, and confirmed by nobu.
-
-Mon Sep 24 16:34:07 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* include/ruby/win32.h (rb_w32_pow): add new function.
-	  We use powl() instead of broken pow() for x64-mingw32. This workaround
-	  fixes test failures related to floating point numeric.
-	  [ruby-core:46686] [Bug #6784]
-
-Mon Sep 24 10:38:55 2012  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_method.rb (is_ruby64?): Correct platform
-	  used to identify mingw-w64 (x64-mingw32). Patch by Hiroshi Shirosaki.
-	  [ruby-core:46651][Bug #6782]
-
-Mon Sep 24 10:37:56 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: workaround fix for rubygems.
-	  RubyGems can't find rake if the source directory is not equal to
-	  the directory which is running the test. [Bug #6604]
-
-Fri Sep 21 19:53:38 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/dl/cfunc.c (rb_dlcfunc_call): should convert a Bignum value to
-	  unsigned long long on Win64.
-	  [ruby-core:44636][Bug #6364] reported by raylinn@gmail.com (ray linn)
-
-Fri Sep 21 18:45:20 2012  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* include/ruby/win32.h: undef stat to silence mingw-w64 stat
-	  redefinition warnings (GCC 4.6.3).
-
-Fri Sep 21 17:54:54 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: add -Wall always.
-
-Thu Sep 20 10:23:37 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_cond_initialize): destroy condattr
-	  after using it. Patch by Stanislav Sedov. Thank you.
-	  [Bug #7041] [ruby-core:47619]
-
-Sun Sep  9 23:01:43 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/zlib/extconf.rb: detect z_crc_t type which will be defined
-	  since zlib-1.2.7.
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (rb_zlib_crc_table): use z_crc_t if available.
-
-Sun Sep  9 02:44:21 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/zlib/extconf.rb: Use an exception instaed of bare puts.
-
-Sun Sep  9 02:44:21 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/extconf.rb: Use an exception instaed of bare abort.
-
-Sun Sep  9 02:44:21 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/extconf.rb: Use an exception instaed of bare abort.
-
-Sun Sep  9 02:44:21 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/readline/extconf.rb: Use an exception instead of bare exit.
-
-Sun Sep  9 02:34:39 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/extmk.rb: Show a message when extconf.rb raised an exception.
-	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: Use exception raising instead of message
-	  and/or abort. We want to display error message to console _and_
-	  logging into mkmf.log.
-
-Sun Sep  9 02:30:20 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_mutex_lock): stop multiple threads use
-	  pthread_cond_timedwait() concurrently. [Bug #6278] [ruby-core:44275]
-
-Thu Aug 30 09:24:43 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/ftp.rb (URI::FTP#initialize): raise InvalidURIError if "//"
-	  is not present [ruby-core:47344] [Bug #6945]
-
-Tue Aug 28 00:40:14 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/webrick/test_cgi.rb (TestWEBrickCGI#start_cgi_server): there are
-	  no guarantee of existance of RbConfig::CONFIG['LIBPATHENV'].
-	  it only exists in Unix-like environments.
-
-	* test/webrick/test_filehandler.rb
-	  (WEBrick::TestFileHandler#test_script_disclosure): ditto.
-
-Thu Aug 23 12:08:25 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb
-	  (TestFileExhaustive#test_stat_special_file): add a test.
-	  GetFileAttributesExW fails to get attributes of special files
-	  such as pagefile.sys.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (check_valid_dir): for performance, check the path
-	  by FindFirstFileW only if the path contains "...".
-
-	* win32/win32.c (winnt_stat): use GetFileAttributesExW instead of
-	  FindFirstFileW since GetFileAttributesExW is faster.
-	  Based on the patch by Dusan D. Majkic.
-	  [ruby-core:47083] [Feature #6845]
-
-Thu Aug 23 11:19:51 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (ruby_init_stack): STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION is
-	  necessary on platforms with unknown stack direction.  [Bug #6761]
-
-Thu Aug 23 11:19:51 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (get_stack): Linux is the only OS which includes
-	  the size of guard page into the stack size.
-
-Thu Aug 23 11:19:51 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.h (IS_STACK_DIR_UPPER): utility macro.
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (get_stack): seems stack size does not include
-	  guard size on Mac OS X.
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (ruby_init_stack): adjust stack size for offset of
-	  addr from the bottom.
-
-Thu Aug 23 11:19:51 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (ruby_init_stack): use stack info if possible.
-
-Mon Aug 20 17:11:01 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (file_path_convert): don't convert it when the path string is
-	  ascii only. [ruby-core:41556] [Bug #5733]
-	  tests are contributed by nobu.
-
-Thu Aug  9 22:48:58 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* pack.c (pack_unpack): when unpack('M') occurs an illegal byte
-	  sequence, output the "=" character and the following character in
-	  the decoded data without any transformation.
-	  [ruby-dev:44875] [Bug #5635]
-
-Tue Jul 31 10:36:12 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: updated to released version.
-
-	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: ditto
-
-Thu Jul 19 09:33:46 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/emitter.c (initialize): allow a configuration object to be
-	  passed to the constructor so that mutation isn't required after
-	  instantiation.
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/handler.rb: add configuration object
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/emitter.rb: use configuration object if
-	  extra configuration is present.
-
-Tue Jul 17 03:56:34 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: strings with YAML anchors
-	  are properly referenced. Patched by Joe Rafaniello via Github:
-	    https://github.com/tenderlove/psych/pull/69
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: ditto
-	* test/psych/test_alias_and_anchor.rb: test for change
-
-Sat Jun 16 01:27:14 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: bumping psych to 1.3.3
-	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: ditto
-
-Fri May 18 15:53:05 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/extconf.rb: Use an exception instaed of bare abort.
-
-Fri May 18 01:28:21 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/parser.c (transcode_string): fix encoding index names.
-	  Thanks markizko for reporting.
-
-Wed May 16 05:11:29 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: fix a bug with string
-	  subclass dumping and loading.
-
-	* test/psych/test_array.rb: pertinent tests
-
-	* test/psych/test_string.rb: ditto
-
-Wed May 16 01:31:21 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: convert omap tagged maps to
-	  Psych::Omap objects rather than hashes. [Bug #6425]
-
-	* test/psych/test_omap.rb: pertinent test.
-
-Wed May 16 01:15:45 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: keep a reference to
-	  custom coders so that GC does not impact dumped yaml reference ids.
-
-Mon Apr 30 04:43:53 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/yaml_events.rb: implicit styles should not
-	  be changeable for JSON events.
-
-Sun Jul 29 04:32:31 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (ruby_pc): make configurable.  [Bug #6051]
-
-Sun Jul 29 04:32:06 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* template/ruby.pc.in: added rubylibprefix, {rubylib,vendor,site}dir
-	  and {ruby,vendor,site}archdir.  [ruby-core:42766][Feature #6052]
-
-Sun Jul 29 04:31:01 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* bignum.c: Added #include <strings.h> for ffs(). Patch by Perry
-	  Smith. Thank you. [Bug #6748]
-
-Sat Jul 28 04:04:01 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_num_zerodiv): Added NORETURN.
-	  Patched by Xi Wang. [Bug #6736]
-
-Wed Jul  4 19:36:17 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/dl/cfunc.c (rb_dlcfunc_call): also needed the workaround for VC8
-	  for x64.  [ruby-dev:45875] [Bug #6676]
-	  reported by aves_ramphastos (Seigo Ishigane)
-
-Tue Jul  3 19:37:52 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rmext): no extension to strip if empty string.
-
-	* proc.c (rb_vm_rewrite_dfp_in_errinfo): Fix `unexpected return'
-	occurs when a proc is called in ensure. [Backport #6460]
-
-Tue Jul  3 11:44:23 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_enc_path_next, rb_enc_path_skip_prefix)
-	  (rb_enc_path_last_separator, rb_enc_path_end)
-	  (ruby_enc_find_basename, ruby_enc_find_extname): encoding-aware
-	  path handling functions.
-
-	* file.c (rb_home_dir, file_expand_path, rb_realpath_internal)
-	  (rb_file_s_basename, rb_file_dirname, rb_file_s_extname)
-	  (rb_file_join): should respect the encodings of arguments than
-	  file system encoding.  [ruby-dev:45145] [Bug #5919]
-
-	* dir.c (check_dirname, ruby_glob0): ditto.
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_sub_ext): ditto.
-
-Tue Jul  3 11:43:46 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (dir_chdir, check_dirname): get rid of optimization-out.
-
-Thu Jun 28 17:57:49 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (is_socket, is_console): add prototypes to fix compile
-	  problem with gcc introduced at r32549.
-
-Wed Jun 27 08:31:50 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* insns.def (splatarray): make new array if flag is set.
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): make new array with
-	  splat. [ruby-core:21901][Feature #1125]
-
-Wed Jun 27 04:23:26 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_sysinit): let the system not display the
-	  critical-error-handler message box and the Windows Error Reporting
-	  dialog.  [ruby-core:45389] [Bug #6535]
-
-Wed Jun 27 04:20:41 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_big_pow): estimate result bit size more precisely.
-	  [ruby-core:30735][Feature #3429]
-
-Tue Jun 26 20:36:53 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/drb/ssl.rb: generate 1024 bits RSA key instead of 512 bits.
-	  OpenSSL 1.0.1 rejects 512 bits RSA key for TLS1.2 with SHA512.
-	  http://rt.openssl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=2769&user=guest&pass=guest
-	  reported by Bohuslav Kabrda.
-	  [ruby-core:43844] [ruby-trunk - Bug #6221]
-
-Tue Jun 26 20:35:59 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (do_inflate):  Inflate more data if buffered data
-	  exists.  Allows Zlib::Inflate#set_dictionary to work.
-	  [ruby-trunk - Bug #5929]
-
-Thu Jun 21 13:42:57 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts_common):
-	  test_signal_requiring of test/ruby/test_signal.rb fail if the sub
-	  process is killed on waiting IO in lex_io_gets in rb_load_file in
-	  rb_load_internal in require.
-	  This is because
-	  (1) the process receive the killing signal in
-	      rb_thread_io_blocking_region in rb_read_internal in lex_io_gets.
-	  (2) set th->errinfo as INT2FIX(TAG_FATAL) at
-	      rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts_common.
-	  (3) escape rb_load_file in rb_load_internal and jump to EXEC_TAG()
-	      without set loaded as TRUE.
-	  (4) call first rb_exc_raise(GET_THREAD()->errinfo); because loaded
-	      is FALSE as above. this errinfo should be an exception object
-	      but this is INT2FIX(TAG_FATAL).
-	  Don't call first rb_exc_raise if GET_THREAD()->errinfo is Fixnum.
-
-Mon Jun 11 19:56:22 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/webrick/test_cgi.rb (class TestWEBrickCGI): respect
-	  RbConfig::CONFIG["LIBPATHENV"]. [Bug #5135] [ruby-core:38653]
-	* test/webrick/test_filehandler.rb (class WEBrick): ditto.
-
-Tue Jun  5 14:03:53 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/ipaddr.rb: Inhibit zero-filled octets in an IPv4 address in
-	  all platforms. [ruby-dev:45671]
-
-	* lib/ipaddr.rb: Allow the x:x:x:x:x:x:d.d.d.d form not limited to
-	  IPv4 mapped/compatible addresses.  This change also makes it
-	  possible for the parser to understand IPv4 mapped and compatible
-	  IPv6 addresses in non-compressed form.
-
-	* lib/ipaddr.rb: Stop exposing IPSocket.valid*? methods which were
-	  only usable on non-IPv6-ready platforms.
-
-Sat Jun  2 18:49:39 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_enc_cr_str_buf_cat): don't reset coderange as unknown.
-	  the condition 'ptr_a8 && str_cr != ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT' means not
-	  unknown, str is also ASCII-8BIT because str_encindex == ptr_encindex,
-	  and nont (str_cr == ENC_CODERANGE_UNKNOWN) and
-	  str_cr != ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT means str_cr is valid because ASCII-8BIT
-	  can't be broken. [ruby-dev:45688] [Bug #6509]
-
-Wed May 30 17:19:56 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (do_inflate):  Inflate more data if buffered data
-	  exists.  Allows Zlib::Inflate#set_dictionary to work.
-	  [ruby-trunk - Bug #5929]
-
-Mon May 28 11:40:19 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_extract_modeenc): fail only if conflicting
-	  text/binary modes given explicitly.  [ruby-dev:45268][Bug #6055]
-
-Fri May 25 17:18:06 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (f_arglist): should reset lexical states after empty
-	  argument list with no parenthesis as well as parenthesized list,
-	  so that reserved name method definition work.  [ruby-dev:45626]
-	  [Bug #6403]
-
-Fri May 25 10:40:31 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* include/ruby/win32.h (FD_SET): change function to macro.
-	  To avoid buffer overflow when smaller FD_SETSISE is used in ext
-	  libraries.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_fdset): this function is not used anymore.
-	  But we leave this for compatibility.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_select_with_thread): fix SEGV when smaller
-	  FD_SETSISE is used in ext libraries. Dereference of fd_set pointer
-	  causes SEGV.
-
-	* test/-ext-/win32/test_fd_setsize.rb(TestFdSetSize): add tests for
-	  above.
-	* ext/-test-/win32/fd_setsize/depend: ditto.
-	* ext/-test-/win32/fd_setsize/extconf.rb: ditto.
-	* ext/-test-/win32/fd_setsize/fd_setsize.c: ditto.
-
-	  [ruby-core:44588] [Bug #6352]
-
-Fri May 25 10:38:06 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (io_strip_bom): check EOF.  [Bug #6487][ruby-core:45203]
-
-Fri May 25 10:36:38 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (f_arglist): should reset lexical states after empty
-	  argument list with no parenthesis as well as parenthesized list,
-	  so that reserved name method definition work.  [ruby-dev:45626]
-	  [Bug #6403]
-
-Mon May 21 16:24:40 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* ext/syslog/syslog.c (mSyslog_inspect): Use rb_sprintf().
-
-	* ext/syslog/syslog.c (mSyslog_inspect): Make sure self is a
-	  module before calling rb_class2name().
-
-Sat May 19 14:42:37 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/drb/drbtest.rb ({DRbCore,DRbAry}#teardown}: cannot pass SIGTERM
-	  to another process on Windows, so use SIGINT instead.
-
-Sat May 19 14:42:20 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/drb/ssl.rb: generate 1024 bits RSA key instead of 512 bits.
-	  OpenSSL 1.0.1 rejects 512 bits RSA key for TLS1.2 with SHA512.
-	  http://rt.openssl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=2769&user=guest&pass=guest
-	  reported by Bohuslav Kabrda.
-	  [ruby-core:43844] [ruby-trunk - Bug #6221]
-
-Sat May 19 14:41:45 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/drb/drbtest.rb: rescue Errno::ESRCH for Process.kill.
-	  reported by NARUSE, Yui.  [ruby-dev:45551]
-
-Sat May 19 14:41:09 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/drb/extservm.rb (DRb::ExtServManager): don't use /bin/sh to
-	  invoke service subprocess.  mark detach threads for clean up.
-
-	* test/drb/drbtest.rb: clean up the service subprocess in teardown.
-
-	* test/drb/test_drb.rb: set @service_name for teardown.
-
-	* test/drb/test_drbunix.rb: ditto.
-
-	* test/drb/test_drbssl.rb: ditto.
-
-Sat May 19 14:40:49 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/drb/ssl.rb: close accepted TCP socket if SSL accept is failed.
-	  [ruby-dev:45541]
-
-Sat May 19 14:39:50 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/utils.rb: fix fcntl call.
-
-	* lib/drb/unix.rb: ditto.
-
-Fri May 18 18:13:44 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#configuration): keep space at end of
-	  OUTFLAG and COUTFLAG.  [ruby-dev:45650]
-
-Fri May 18 00:04:53 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_fstat, rb_w32_fstati64): convert FILETIME
-	  to time_t directly, not to be affected by TZ unnecessarily.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (unixtime_to_filetime): convert time_t to FILETIME
-	  simply.
-
-Wed May 16 01:07:46 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/digest/md5/extconf.rb: use pkg_config for openssl so that
-	  customized ssl paths are used for linking.  Backports fixes for
-	  [ruby-core:44755].
-	* ext/digest/rmd160/extconf.rb: ditto
-	* ext/digest/sha1/extconf.rb: ditto
-	* ext/digest/sha2/extconf.rb: ditto
-
-Mon May 14 17:14:10 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_flush_in_finalizer1): don't use IO.for_fd
-	  to close IO objects. it create IO object with already closed fd, and
-	  cause occasional Errno::EBADF in following tests. [ruby-core:45020]
-	  [Bug #6228]
-
-Mon May 14 17:14:10 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO): revert r35631. it broke the intent of
-	  test_flush_in_finalizer1.  [ruby-core:43951] [Bug ##6228]
-
-Mon May 14 13:18:56 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_tokadd_string): insert a backslash only if
-	  quoted by single quotes.  [ruby-dev:45281] [Bug #6069]
-
-Mon May 14 13:17:57 2012  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (class TestIO):  Disable GC during IO tests to
-	  avoid file descriptors being GC'ed. Suggestion by Tomoyuki Chikanaga
-	  [ruby-core:43951][Bug #6228]
-
-Fri May 11 14:09:48 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (PUSH): to prevent VALUE from GC,
-	  must not cast it to unsigned long, which may be shorter than
-	  VALUE, and the result can be mere garbage.
-
-Fri May 11 01:04:54 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (io_unread): fix IO#pos with mode 'r' bug on Windows.
-	  If the end of reading buffer is CR, io_unread() needs to unread one
-	  more byte.
-	  [ruby-core:44874] [Bug #6401]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb (TestIO_M17N#test_pos_with_buffer_end_cr):
-	  add a test for above.
-
-Wed May  9 15:59:17 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_WERROR_FLAG): append all warning flags which
-	  are enabled to compile, so that printf format modifiers properly
-	  fail.  [ruby-core:41351] [Bug #5679]
-
-Mon May  7 20:23:29 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/securerandom.rb (random_bytes): call to_int method for the
-	  argument at first.
-
-Mon May  7 20:23:29 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/securerandom.rb: show actual read length in an error message.
-
-Mon May  7 11:09:20 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (Init_bigdecimal): define IDs before
-	  they are used. [ruby-core:44900] [Bug #6406]
-
-Fri Apr 27 11:02:33 2012  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb (test_core_03_notify): Fixed test failures
-	  [ruby-dev:44430] [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #372]
-
-Fri Apr 27 08:29:51 2012  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb: fix sticks on some testsf problem
-	  [Bug #6272]
-
-Wed Apr 25 05:56:56 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser#to_a): split for each lines.
-	  [ruby-dev:45568][Bug #6348]
-
-Tue Apr 24 21:20:39 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser#to_a): should split by end-of-line,
-	  and MUST TEST IT, MUST RUN THE TEST, MUST VERIFY BEFORE BACKPORT.
-	  [ruby-dev:45568][Bug #6348]
-
-Tue Apr 24 14:55:41 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser#to_a): String#to_a is no longer
-	  defined.  [ruby-dev:45568][Bug #6348]
-
-Sat Apr 21 07:16:16 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* strftime.c (rb_strftime_with_timespec): fix padding of time zone
-	  offset.  [ruby-dev:43287][Bug #4458]
-
-	* strftime.c (rb_strftime_with_timespec): add an interim digit for
-	  the timezone offset which is less than an hour.
-
-	* strftime.c (rb_strftime_with_timespec): fix carry-up bug and
-	  overwrite '+' with '-' if negative offset less than a hour.
-	  [ruby-core:44447][Bug #6323]
-
-Fri Apr 20 12:30:06 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/AddTrustExternalCARoot.pem:  Removed to avoid
-	  conflict with ca-bundle.pem
-	* lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/VerisignClass3PublicPrimaryCertificationAuthority-G2.pem:
-	  ditto.
-	* lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/Entrust_net-Secure-Server-Certification-Authority.pem:
-	  ditto.
-
-Fri Apr 20 08:30:55 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems 1.8.23 which contains security
-	  fixes:
-
-	  RubyGems now disallows redirection from HTTPS to HTTP.
-
-	  RubyGems now verifies SSL connections.
-
-	  See https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/blob/1.8/History.txt for
-	  changes since 1.8.22.
-	* test/rubygems:  ditto.
-
-Fri Apr 20 07:39:50 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems 1.8.22 plus r33517 and r35337 which
-	  were ported to the rubygems git repository.
-
-	  See https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/blob/1.8/History.txt for
-	  changes since 1.8.11.
-
-	* test/rubygems:  ditto.
-
-	* lib/rubygems/version.rb:  Fixed init_with warning by calling into
-	  yaml_initialize (for syck) from psych's init_with
-
-Thu Apr 19 12:55:31 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/-test-/win32/dln/extconf.rb: need import library for ordinal
-	  entry even on mingw.  [ruby-core:44441][Bug #6320]
-
-Wed Apr 18 23:08:58 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (DOT, DOXYGEN): use AC_CHECK_PROGS instead of
-	  AC_CHECK_PROG which needs the third argument.  [ruby-core:44433]
-	  [Bug #6316]
-
-	* configure.in (PKG_CONFIG): fix condition to skip older version
-	  of pkg-config.  continue in backticks does not affect outside.
-
-Tue Apr 17 21:35:47 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/parsers/baseparser.rb, test/rexml/test_namespace.rb:
-	  fix the default xml namespace URI validation.
-	  [ruby-dev:45169] [Bug #5956]
-	  Reported by Miho Hiramatsu. Thanks!!!
-
-Mon Apr 17 14:27:22 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dln.c (rb_w32_check_imported): skip ordinal entries.  based on a
-	  patch by phasis68 (Heesob Park) at [ruby-core:44381].
-	  [ruby-core:44371][Bug #6303]
-
-Sun Apr 15 14:57:00 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/test_pty.rb (test_pty_check_default): call PTY.check until
-	  "cat" command is finished.
-
-Sun Apr 15 14:54:16 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (TestProcess#windows?): new method.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (TestProcess#*): use above method.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (TestProcess#test_execopts_redirect):
-	  windows doesn't support FD_CLOEXEC.
-
-Sun Apr 15 06:40:28 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* include/ruby/win32.h (rb_w32_aspawn_flags): add the declaration of
-	  new function.
-
-	* process.c (enum): add EXEC_OPTION_PGROUP and move the position
-	  above for the usage in proc_spawn_n().
-
-	* process.c (proc_spawn_n): add an argument to pass new option
-	  `new_pgroup`. The option specifies CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP flag to
-	  CreateProcessW(). This flag is necessary for the usage of
-	  Process.kill on the subprocess on Windows.
-
-	* process.c (rb_exec_arg_addopt): ditto.
-
-	* process.c (rb_spawn_process): ditto.
-
-	* process.c (documentation for rb_f_spawn): add documentation for new
-	  option `new_pgroup` of spawn.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (TestProcess#test_execopts_new_pgroup):
-	  add tests for option `new_pgroup`.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb
-	  (TestThreadGroup#test_thread_timer_and_interrupt):
-	  add option `new_pgroup: true` to spawn on Windows. It's needed for
-	  Process.kill on a subprocess.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (CreateChild): add an argument to pass
-	  dwCreationFlags of CreateProcessW().
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_spawn): ditto.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_aspawn_flags): add new function to pass
-	  dwCreationFlags.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_aspawn): refactor to move the content to
-	  rb_w32_aspawn_flags().
-	  [ruby-core:43245][Bug #6131]
-
-Sun Apr 15 06:40:28 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb
-	  (TestThreadGroup#test_thread_timer_and_interrupt): skip on Windows.
-	  Process.kill cannot kill a subprocess if CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP
-	  flag is not specified in a call to CreateProcessW().
-
-	* win32/win32.c (CreateChild): revert the usage of
-	  CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP flag for compatibility.
-	  [ruby-core:43245][Bug #6131]
-
-Sun Apr 15 04:35:48 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_eof): use eof() instead of io_fillbuf(). It's because
-	  io_unread() doesn't work properly when reading CRLF with read(length)
-	  and mode 'r'.
-	  [ruby-core:44189][Bug #6271]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb (TestIO_M17N#test_read_crlf_and_eof):
-	  test for above.
-
-Sun Apr 15 03:00:54 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (io_unread): fixed memory leak.  report by nagachika via IRC.
-
-Sun Apr 15 03:00:54 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (static int io_fflush): add the definition.
-	  Use it in set_binary_mode_with_seek_cur().
-
-	* io.c (set_binary_mode_with_seek_cur): refactoring to split the
-	  content into io_unread(). Fix the possibility of buffer overflow.
-
-	* io.c (io_unread): add new implementation for Windows. Previous one
-	  caused invalid cursor position using IO#pos with OS text mode. New
-	  one fixes the bug.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb
-	  (TestIO_M17N#test_pos_dont_move_cursor_position): add a test for
-	  above bug.
-	  [ruby-core:43497] [Bug #6179]
-
-Sun Apr 15 03:00:54 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_pos_with_getc): updated.
-	  see [ruby-core:43550]
-
-Sun Apr 15 03:00:54 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_pos_with_getc): added.
-	  see [Bug #6179][ruby-core:43518]
-
-Wed Apr 11 16:22:16 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/-test-/add_suffix/bug.c (ruby_add_suffix): no static
-	  declaration.  [ruby-core:44277][Bug #6279]
-
-Sun Apr  8 06:53:55 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (io_unread): cast as long the value for extra_max.
-	  [ruby-core:44137] [Bug #6257]
-
-Sat Apr  7 10:28:40 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: bumping up psych version to match release.
-	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: ditto
-
-Sat Apr  7 02:07:00 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/parser.c: fall back to any encoding if the external
-	  encoding is wrong.  [ruby-core:44163]
-	* test/psych/test_encoding.rb: fix test
-
-Wed Apr  4 18:29:15 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_sleep.rb (TestSleep#test_sleep_5sec): syntax error.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_sleep.rb (TestSleep#test_sleep_5sec): call uname
-	  only on linux because it's a workaround for linux only.
-
-Wed Apr  4 11:32:09 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/-test-/add_suffix/bug.c: make all functions in util.c static
-	  to get rid of multiple definitions.  reported at
-	  https://trac.macports.org/ticket/33814
-
-Tue Apr  3 18:34:33 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c (setreuid, setregid): suppress warnings.
-	  [ruby-core:43374][Bug #6169]
-
-Sat Mar 31 12:11:21 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c: Fix doc typo.
-
-Fri Mar 30 14:17:17 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c: fix crash when parsing garbage data.
-	* test/openssl/test_pkcs7.rb: assert correct behavior for it.
-	  Thanks to Matt Venables for reporting the issue.
-	  [ruby-core:43250][Bug #6134]
-
-Fri Mar 30 14:17:17 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_x509cert.rb: exclude test that fails when issuing
-	  a certificate with RSA signature and DSS1 digest for earlier
-	  OpenSSL versions when used in conjunction with OpenSSL 1.0.1.
-	  Thanks, Vit Ondruch, for reporting the issue.
-	  [ruby-core:42949][Bug #6089]
-
-Fri Mar 30 14:15:40 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (str_new_empty): should copy also the encoding as an
-	  empty substring.  [ruby-dev:45441][Bug #6206]
-
-Fri Mar 30 14:14:36 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (datetime_s_now): [ruby-core:43256].
-
-Fri Mar 30 14:12:53 2012  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* numeric.c: fix flodivmod for cornercases [Bug #6044]
-	  add ruby_float_mod
-
-	* insns.def (opt_mod): use ruby_float_mod
-
-	* internal.h: declare ruby_float_mod
-
-	* test/ruby/test_float.rb: tests for above
-
-	* test/ruby/envutil.rb: create helper assert_is_minus_zero
-
-Wed Mar 28 08:44:24 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: updating version to match gem
-	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: ditto
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: fixing deprecation warning
-
-Mon Jul 18 13:36:47 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: define a new BadAlias error class.
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: raise an exception when
-	  deserializing an alias that does not exist.
-
-	* test/psych/test_merge_keys.rb: corresponding test.
-
-Fri Mar  9 06:29:22 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb (load, parse): stop parsing or loading after
-	  the first document has been parsed.
-
-	* test/psych/test_stream.rb: pertinent tests.
-
-Fri Mar  9 06:17:05 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb (parse_stream, load_stream): if a block is
-	  given, documents will be yielded to the block as they are parsed.
-	  [ruby-core:42404] [Bug #5978]
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/handlers/document_stream.rb: add a handler that
-	  yields documents as they are parsed
-
-	* test/psych/test_stream.rb: corresponding tests.
-
-Tue Mar  6 02:31:20 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/core_ext.rb: only extend Kernel if IRB is loaded
-	  in order to stop method pollution.
-
-Tue Feb 28 10:28:51 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: default open YAML files with utf8 external
-	  encoding. [ruby-core:42967]
-	* test/psych/test_tainted.rb: ditto
-
-Fri Feb 24 13:54:33 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/parser.c: prevent a memory leak by protecting calls to
-	  handler callbacks.
-	* test/psych/test_parser.rb: test to demonstrate leak.
-
-Fri Feb 24 08:08:38 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/parser.c: set parser encoding based on the YAML input
-	  rather than user configuration.
-	* test/psych/test_encoding.rb: corresponding tests.
-	* test/psych/test_parser.rb: ditto
-	* test/psych/test_tainted.rb: ditto
-
-Fri Feb 10 03:41:31 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/parser.c: removed external encoding setter, allow parser
-	  to be reused.
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/parser.rb: added external encoding setter.
-	* test/psych/test_parser.rb: test parser reuse
-
-Wed Jan 18 12:49:15 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: Added support for loading
-	  subclasses of String with ivars
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: Added support for dumping
-	  subclasses of String with ivars
-	* test/psych/test_string.rb: corresponding tests
-
-Wed Jan 18 10:39:47 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: Added ability to load array
-	  subclasses with ivars.
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: Added ability to dump
-	  array subclasses with ivars.
-	* test/psych/test_array.rb: corresponding tests
-
-Wed Dec 21 02:25:36 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/emitter.c: fixing clang warnings. Thanks Joey!
-
-Sun Dec 18 12:42:48 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: BigDecimals can be restored
-	  from YAML.
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: BigDecimals can be dumped
-	  to YAML.
-	* test/psych/test_numeric.rb: tests for BigDecimal serialization
-
-Sun Dec 18 12:03:13 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb: Strings that look like dates
-	  should be treated as strings and not dates.
-
-	* test/psych/test_scalar_scanner.rb: corresponding tests.
-
-Wed Dec  7 08:04:31 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb (module Psych): parse and load methods take
-	  an optional file name that is used when raising Psych::SyntaxError
-	  exceptions
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/syntax_error.rb (module Psych): allow nil file
-	  names and handle nil file names in the exception message
-	* test/psych/test_exception.rb (module Psych): Tests for changes.
-
-Wed Nov 30 09:09:37 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/parser.c (parse): parse method can take an option file
-	  name for use in exception messages.
-	* test/psych/test_parser.rb: corresponding tests.
-
-Tue Nov 22 04:46:22 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: remove autoload from psych
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json.rb: ditto
-
-Wed Nov  9 04:52:16 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/tree_builder.rb: dump complex numbers,
-	  rationals, etc with reference ids.
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: ditto
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: loading complex numbers,
-	  rationals, etc with reference ids.
-	* test/psych/test_object_references.rb: corresponding tests
-
-Mon Nov  7 20:31:52 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb: make sure strings that look
-	  like base 60 numbers are serialized as quoted strings.
-	* test/psych/test_string.rb: test for change.
-
-Thu Oct 27 08:47:38 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/parser.c: remove unused variable.
-
-Wed Oct  5 02:50:27 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/syntax_error.rb: Add file, line, offset, and
-	  message attributes during parse failure.
-	* ext/psych/parser.c: Update parser to raise exception with correct
-	  values.
-	* test/psych/test_exception.rb: corresponding tests.
-
-Wed Oct  5 01:52:16 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/parser.c (parse): Use context_mark for indicating error
-	  line and column.
-
-Wed Oct  5 01:22:08 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb: use normal begin / rescue
-	  since postfix rescue cannot receive the exception class. Thanks
-	  nagachika!
-
-Tue Mar 27 22:22:50 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_STACK_GROW_DIRECTION): substitute CPU name as
-	  shell variable name.  based on the patch by The Written Word Inc. at
-	  [ruby-core:40421].  [Bug #5488]
-
-Mon Mar 26 09:57:12 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_nextc): set encoding for the buffer of ripper.
-
-Sun Mar 18 13:23:28 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* encoding.c (rb_enc_compatible): return ASCII-8BIT even if 2nd string
-	  is ascii only string. [ruby-core:42354] [Bug #5968]
-
-Tue Mar  6 18:55:37 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb (assert_send, assert_not_send):
-	  parenthesize non-empty arguments.
-
-Tue Mar  6 18:55:37 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb (assert_send): make arguments in
-	  the default message clearer.
-
-Tue Mar  6 12:48:08 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/io/console/console.c (set_rawmode): clear ECHOE and ECHOK
-	  bits too.
-
-	* ext/io/console/console.c (echo_p): ignore ECHOE and ECHOK bits.
-	  [ruby-dev:45309] [Bug #6116]
-
-	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_raw): fix rdoc.
-
-	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_set_echo): mentioned about
-	  platform dependency.
-
-Tue Mar  6 12:40:08 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_raw, console_set_raw)
-	  (console_getch): optional parameters.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
-
-Tue Mar  6 12:39:27 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_cooked, console_set_cooked):
-	  new methods to reset cooked mode.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
-
-Tue Mar  6 12:31:47 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/io/console/console.c (io_getch): default delegating method
-	  for StringIO.  https://github.com/nobu/io-console/issues/4
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c: moved some methods to hidden modules.
-
-Tue Mar  6 12:29:34 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* io.c (Init_IO):  Mention io/console methods.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5602]
-	* ext/io/console/console.c:  Mention that io/console must be required
-	  similar to lib/time.rb
-
-Tue Mar  6 11:42:52 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/syck/lib/syck/rubytypes.rb (Exception.yaml_new): fix bug
-	  that causes YAML serialization problem for Exception.
-	  Exception#initialize doesn't use visible instance variable for
-	  the exception message, so call the method with the message.
-	  patched by Jingwen Owen Ou <jingweno AT gmail.com>.
-	  http://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/41
-
-Fri Mar  2 22:09:03 2012  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* .travis.yml: Backport TravisCI configuration from trunk.
-
-Thu Mar  1 18:39:44 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_join): honor input encodings than ASCII-8BIT.
-	  [ruby-core:40338] [Bug #5483]
-
-Tue Feb 28 11:56:52 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (debugflags): check if -ggdb is accepted.
-	  [ruby-core:42875][Bug #6080]
-
-Mon Feb 27 17:25:40 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (GetVpValueWithPrec): since methods
-	  can be overridden, so should not make an assumption on the type
-	  of results.  [ruby-core:42969][Bug #6093]
-
-Mon Feb 27 02:28:17 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* regparse.c (add_code_range_to_buf0): wrong condition of duplicated
-	  warnings.
-
-Sun Feb 26 12:26:26 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): call on special object instead of
-	  self.  since stabby lambda is a syntax, so it should not be
-	  affected by the context.  [ruby-core:42349][Bug #5966]
-
-	* insns.def (send): no special deal for FCALL.  self should be put
-	  on TOS instead.
-
-Sat Feb 25 23:47:49 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (utime_internal): fix a variable missed to replace.
-	  [ruby-core:42864] [Bug #6077]
-
-Sat Feb 25 21:29:09 2012  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_literal.rb (TestRubyLiteral#test_special_const):
-	  test for https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=61095
-
-Sat Feb 25 21:29:09 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c, file.c, io.c (rb_sys_fail_path): use rb_sys_fail_str.
-
-	* error.c: new functions to deal exceptions with string instances.
-
-	* dir.c, file.c, io.c: use rb_sys_fail_path.
-
-Sat Feb 25 21:18:12 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (dir_inspect), io.c (rb_io_inspect): keep encoding of path.
-	  [Bug #6072]
-
-Sat Feb 25 21:18:12 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (dir_initialize): keep path in original encoding.
-
-	* error.c (syserr_initialize): prefer the encoding of message over
-	  locale.  [ruby-dev:45279][Bug #6071]
-
-Sat Feb 25 17:10:51 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb: use chomp(?/) instead of sub to optimize and avoid
-	  to regexping invalid string.
-
-Sat Feb 25 16:39:13 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* complex.c (nucomp_marshal_load): raise error on invalid data.
-	  reported by John Firebaugh [ruby-core:42860] [Bug #6076]
-
-Fri Feb 24 23:49:05 2012  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/ostruct.rb (delete_field): Bug fix so previous value is
-	  returned. Patch by Nick Recobra [Bug #6063]
-
-Fri Feb 24 08:53:28 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_tokadd_string, parser_yylex): insert a backslash
-	  if the next character is non-ascii.  [ruby-dev:45278] [Bug #6069]
-
-Thu Feb 23 14:44:36 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI::Parser#initialize_regexp):
-	  use \A \z instead of ^ $. [Bug #5843]
-
-Thu Feb 23 08:08:23 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_uchmod): typo.  [Bug#5671] [ruby-dev:44898]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_file.rb (TestFile#test_chmod_m17n): test of above bug.
-
-Wed Feb 22 23:27:52 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/iconv/test_option.rb: enabled.  [ruby-core:42802][Bug #6061]
-
-Wed Feb 22 22:04:15 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_s_foreach): argument check before making Enumerator.
-	  [ruby-dev:31525]
-
-Wed Feb 22 22:04:15 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_s_foreach): return enumerator including kerword
-	  arguments.  [ruby-dev:45267][Bug #6054]
-
-Wed Feb 22 21:42:16 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: remove workaround replacement from gcc to gcc-4.2.
-	  [Backport #6043]
-
-Wed Feb 22 08:11:06 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c : remove gc_clear_mark_on_sweep_slots() and use
-	  rest_sweep() instead of it, because some dead objects might be
-	  marked in next the mark phase by false pointers.
-	  [ruby-core:42672]
-
-Sun Feb 19 12:27:24 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: ignore all warnings from an arbitrary
-	  header in /usr/local/include.
-
-Fri Feb 17 12:51:25 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_header): log the content of header.
-
-Fri Feb 17 12:26:15 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/readline/test_readline.rb (test_completion_proc_empty_result):
-	  ensure clearance of Readline's line_buffer after the test.
-
-Fri Feb 17 11:46:39 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/readline/test_readline.rb (test_line_buffer__point): use
-	  lambda not to exit entire method by "return".  or "next" for
-	  proc.  [ruby-dev:45042] [Bug #5802]
-
-Fri Feb 17 10:15:54 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/dbm/extconf.rb: check _DB_H_ macro unavailable except
-	  Berkeley DB library.
-
-Fri Feb 17 10:14:47 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/dbm/test_dbm.rb: fix skip condition for libgdbm 1.8.0 or prior.
-	  reported by Bohuslav Kabrda.
-	  [ruby-core:42685] [ruby-trunk - Bug #6036]
-
-Fri Feb 17 09:53:46 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/transcode-tblgen.rb (import_ucm): don't use \h because the
-	  script should work with ruby 1.8.
-
-	* tool/enc-unicode.rb: ditto.
-
-Thu Feb 16 17:54:14 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/dbm/extconf.rb: merge trunk's ext/dbm/extconf.rb and
-	  related functions of lib/mkmf.rb. [Backport #6021]
-
-Thu Feb 16 09:25:52 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (enable_pthread): use -pthread on OpenBSD without
-	  explicit option. patched by Jeremy Evans. [ruby-core:38572]
-
-Thu Feb 16 07:34:34 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* cont.c (rb_fiber_reset_root_local_storage): add a new function to
-	  restore rb_thread_t::local_storage.
-
-	* cont.c (rb_obj_is_fiber): add a new function to tell finalizer to
-	  prevent fibers from destroy.
-
-	* gc.c (rb_objspace_call_finalizer): don't sweep fibers at finalizing
-	  objspace.
-
-	* internal.h (rb_fiber_reset_root_local_storage, rb_obj_is_fiber):
-	  add prototypes.
-
-	* vm.c (ruby_vm_destruct): reset main thread's local_storage before
-	  free main thread. rb_thread_t::local_storage is replaced by fiber's
-	  local storage when forked from fiber, and it should be already freed
-	  when the fiber was destroyed. [ruby-core:41456] [Bug #5700]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_fiber.rb (test_fork_from_fiber): add test for fork
-	  from fiber.
-
-Thu Feb 16 06:30:37 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/closure.c (callback): deal with unsinged integers.
-	  [ruby-core:42458][Bug #5991][Bug #6022]
-
-	* ext/fiddle/conversions.c (value_to_generic, generic_to_value):
-	  ditto.
-
-	* ext/fiddle/closure.c (callback): same as r34506.
-
-Wed Feb 15 10:35:43 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (FIXNUM_P): simple flag should be int.
-
-Wed Feb 15 10:33:41 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (check_funcall):  Call respond_to? with matching arity for
-	  legacy single-argument implementations.  [ruby-trunk - Bug #6000]
-
-Wed Feb 15 10:25:22 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (check_funcall): set array elements one-by-one to fix
-	  compile error with Fujitsu C Compiler 5.6 on Solaris 10 on Sparc.
-
-Wed Feb 15 10:25:22 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_object.rb: tests that respond_to? returns false.
-
-Wed Feb 15 10:25:22 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (check_funcall): try respond_to? first if redefined.
-	  [Bug #5158]
-
-Wed Feb 15 07:15:50 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (defined_expr): guard the whole expression.
-	  [ruby-dev:45021][Bug#5786]
-
-Wed Feb 15 05:08:25 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/dl/cptr.c (rb_dlptr_s_to_ptr): use rb_check_funcall.
-
-	* ext/dl/cfunc.c (dlcfunc_mark), ext/dl/cptr.c (dlptr_mark):
-	  workaround to mark wrapped object.  this is not a true fix,
-	  because [Bug #4929] is caused by the interface design of DL.
-
-Wed Feb 15 05:04:47 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/dl/cptr.c (rb_dlptr_aref, rb_dlptr_aset): check NULL pointer
-	  dereference.
-
-	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb: decrease the code that depends on timing.
-	  [Bug #372] [Bug #4160]
-
-Wed Feb 15 05:03:41 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb (test_remote_array_and_hash):
-	  add local variables to protect objects from GC. [ruby-dev:44253]
-	  [Bug #5104]
-
-Wed Feb 15 05:02:43 2012  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_err_in_callback.rb (test_err_in_callback):
-	  skip test if ADODB.connection is not available.
-
-Wed Feb 15 04:49:23 2012  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* parse.y (debug_lines, coverage): set file path encoding for coverage
-	  result.  [ruby-dev:44950]
-
-Tue Feb 14 16:57:11 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rake/file_list.rb (Rake::FileList#egrep): there is no need to
-	  open files in binary mode.
-	  see more details in https://github.com/jimweirich/rake/issues/74
-
-Tue Feb 14 16:52:17 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rdoc/encoding.rb (RDoc::Encoding.read_file): fixup newline chars
-	  on Windows.
-	  see https://github.com/rdoc/rdoc/issues/87
-
-	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_markup_pre_process.rb
-	  (TestRDocMarkupPreProcess#test_include_file,
-	  TestRDocMarkupPreProcess#test_include_file_encoding_incompatible):
-	  follow above change.
-
-Tue Feb 14 16:34:11 2012  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_help_command.rb: Add one
-	  `require` because if run test-all with test/unit parallel
-	  running, sometimes this test fails by some constants not found.
-	  The error reason is some worker doesn't require the file needed by
-	  this test. This issue is related to [ruby-core:36168].
-
-Tue Feb 14 15:58:31 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (initial_params): pack in a struct.
-
-	* gc.c (rb_gc_set_params): set parameters always.
-	  [ruby-dev:44648] [Bug #5467]
-
-Tue Feb 14 15:44:42 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/irb/test_completion.rb: skip if cannot load irb/completion
-	  (maybe readline does not exist).
-
-Tue Feb 14 15:07:23 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb (build_message): skip escaped
-	  question marks.
-
-Mon Feb 13 12:06:29 2012  Loren Segal  <lsegal@soen.ca>
-
-	* io.c (Init_IO): use directive hack to make ARGF documentable
-	  in other tools.  [ruby-core:42515][Bug #6007]
-
-Sun Feb 12 16:57:56 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* misc/rdoc-mode.el (rdoc-imenu-create-index): Add imenu support
-	  to rdoc-mode.
-
-	* misc/rdoc-mode.el (rdoc-mode): Fix regexp patterns containing
-	  "\s " where CR/LF is not supposed to match.
-
-Sun Feb 12 16:56:23 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* misc/rdoc-mode.el (rdoc-mode): Add provide so that requiring
-	  this library succeeds.
-
-Sun Feb 12 16:53:18 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/tempfile.rb (Tempfile#unlink, Tempfile::Remover#call): Just
-	  call File.unlink and ignore ENOENT because existence check
-	  before unlinking does not help in terms of race condition.
-
-	* lib/tempfile.rb (Tempfile#unlink, Tempfile::Remover#call): My
-	  comment about thread safeness is obsolete.
-
-Sun Feb 12 16:50:28 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/shellwords.rb: Fix rdoc markups.
-
-Sun Feb 12 16:50:28 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/shellwords.rb (Shellwords#shellsplit): Fix a bug where
-	  consecutive backslashes in double quotes are all removed except
-	  the one at the tail.
-
-Sun Feb 12 16:38:13 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/shellwords.rb (Shellwords#shellescape): Drop the //n flag
-	  that only causes warnings with no real effect.  [Bug #5637]
-
-Sun Feb 12 16:34:55 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* tool/merger.rb (#default_merge_branch): Add support for
-	  Subversion 1.7 which adopted a whole new working directory
-	  structure.
-
-Sun Feb 12 09:38:46 2012  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_method.c (rb_add_method): should not call method_added hook
-	  for undef operation. [Bug #5015]
-
-Sun Feb 12 09:29:28 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* regint.h (PLATFORM_UNALIGNED_WORD_ACCESS): Power PC does not
-	  allow unaligned word access.
-
-	* st.c (UNALIGNED_WORD_ACCESS): x86_64 allows unaligned word
-	  access as well as i386.
-
-Sat Feb 11 08:06:12 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb (test_multibyte_read_write): start server
-	  for each length to avoid race condition.
-
-Sat Feb 11 06:13:07 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (fnmatch): The * needs to be escaped to avoid formatting in
-	  fnmatch comment.
-	  patched by @dalton. https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/91
-
-Sat Feb 11 03:38:48 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (rb_sys_fail_path): move the definition.
-	  Move above for using it in set_binary_mode_with_seek_cur().
-
-	* io.c (set_binary_mode_with_seek_cur): fix improper seek cursor.
-	  Seeking file cursor with setting binary mode has possibility to
-	  cause infinite loop. Fixed the bug and refined error handling.
-	  Introduced at r34043.
-
-	  And cleanups as below.
-	  Remove unnecessary parentheses of `fptr`.
-	  Use return value of setmode().
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb
-	  (TestIO_M17N#test_seek_with_setting_binmode): add a test for abobe.
-	  [ruby-core:41671] [Bug #5714]
-
-Sat Feb 11 03:38:48 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb
-	  (TestIO_M17N#test_{read_with_binmode_and_get[cs]}): only for Windows.
-
-Sat Feb 11 03:38:48 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c, include/ruby/win32.h (rb_w32_fd_is_text): new function.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (init_stdhandle): set default mode of stdin as binmode.
-
-	* io.c (set_binary_mode_with_seek_cur): new function to replace
-	  SET_BINARY_MODE_WITH_SEEK_CUR macro.  now returns previous mode of the
-	  fd and take care of LF in rbuf.
-
-	* io.c (do_writeconv): set text mode when needed.
-
-	* io.c (io_read): need to change the mode of the IO to binmode
-	  temporally when the length for IO#read, because IO#read with length
-	  must behave so.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb (TestIO_M17N#test_{read_with_length,
-	  read_with_length_binmode,get[cs]_and_read_with_binmode,
-	  read_with_binmode_and_get[cs],read_write_with_binmode}): tests for
-	  above changes.
-
-	all patches are written by Hiroshi Shirosaki. [ruby-core:41496]
-	[Feature #5714]
-
-Sat Feb 11 03:37:56 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_order.rb (OrderTester#test_more_ordering): use
-	  GZip::GzReader.open instead of GZip::GzReader.new with File.new.
-	  fixed a test error on Windows introduced at r33946.
-
-Sat Feb 11 03:37:34 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (rb_gzreader_initialize): revert a part of r33937.
-	  1st, to change the mode of an IO is very sensitive problem, so
-	  fixed test errors on Windows introduced at r33953.
-	  the maintainer of this library should judge it.
-	  2nd, usually Zlib::GzReader.new is not called directly.  #initialize
-	  is called via .open, and in the method the I/O is opened in binary
-	  mode, so there is no problem without changing the mode in #initialize.
-
-	  fixed test errors on Windows introduced at r33947.
-Sat Feb 11 03:23:58 2012  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (rb_gzreader_initialize): use binary mode by default
-	  under Windows. Patch by Hiroshi Shirosaki. [ruby-core:40706]
-	  [Feature #5562]
-
-	* include/ruby/encoding.h (void rb_econv_binmode): define NEWLINE
-	  decorator.
-
-	* io.c (rb_cloexec_fcntl_dupfd): Introduce NEED_READCONV and
-	  NEED_WRITECONV to replace universal newline decorator by CRLF only
-	  when required to improve file reading and writing under Windows.
-	  Patch by Hiroshi Shirosaki. [ruby-core:40706] [Feature #5562]
-	* io.c (do_writeconv): adjust binary mode if required.
-	* io.c (read_all, appendline, swallow, rb_io_getline_1): ditto.
-	* io.c (io_getc, rb_io_each_codepoint, rb_io_ungetc): ditto.
-	* io.c (rb_io_binmode, rb_io_ascii8bit_binmode): ditto.
-	* io.c (rb_io_extract_modeenc, rb_sysopen): ditto.
-	* io.c (pipe_open, prep_stdio, io_encoding_set): ditto.
-	* io.c (rb_io_s_pipe, copy_stream_body): ditto.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb (EOT): add test for pipe and stdin in
-	  binary mode.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (init_stdhandle): remove O_BINARY from stdhandle
-	  initialization.
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_write): use FTEXT mode accordingly.
-
-Sat Feb 11 03:20:22 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (argf_next_argv): wrong timing of setting ecflags.
-	  fixed the failure of TestArgf#test_textmode introduced at r33662.
-
-Sat Feb 11 03:19:45 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb
-	  (TestIO_M17N#test_default_stdout_stderr_mode): new test for
-	  r33627-33629.  see [backport #5565]
-Sat Feb 11 03:20:22 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/encoding.h (ECONV_NEWLINE_DECORATOR_READ_MASK,
-	  ECONV_NEWLINE_DECORATOR_WRITE_MASK): new macro.
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_extract_modeenc, pipe_open, prep_stdio, argf_next_argv):
-	  set TEXTMODE_NEWLINE_DECORATOR_ON_WRITE for textmode on creating IO
-	  if the flag is available.
-
-	* io.c (make_writeconv): drop decorators for reading.
-
-	* io.c (make_readconv): drop decorators for writing.
-
-	* io.c (do_writeconv): existing writeconv is not the condition to raise
-	  ArgumentError.  should check textmode or not.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb
-	  (TestIO_M17N#test_{cr,lf,crlf}_decorator_on_stdout): test above
-	  changes.
-
-
-Sat Feb 11 03:19:45 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb (TestIO_M17N#test_{default_mode_on_dosish,
-	  default_mode_on_unix,text_mode,binary_mode}): sorry for wrong test
-	  committed in r33144.  I'd misunderstood the spec of ruby's universal
-	  newline.
-
-Sat Feb 11 03:17:41 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb (TestIO_M17N#test_{default_mode_on_dosish,
-	  default_mode_on_unix,text_mode,binary_mode}): tests for [Bug #5164].
-
-Sat Feb 11 03:13:27 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* transcode.c: enabled econv newline option.
-
-Sat Feb 11 02:39:09 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* variable.c (set_const_visibility): clear inine-cache when constant's
-	  visibility is modified. [ruby-dev:44929]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_module.rb (test_private_constants_clear_inlinecache):
-	  add test for it.
-
-Sat Feb 11 02:39:09 2012  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* variable.c (set_const_visibility): print a warning when no argument
-	  is passwd to Module#private_constant.  [ruby-list:48558]
-
-	* vm_method.c (set_method_visibility): ditto for
-	  Module#private_class_method.
-
-Sat Feb 11 02:39:09 2012  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* variable.c (set_const_visibility): Module#private_constant has
-	  changed the visibility of only the first argument.  Now it changes
-	  all of them.  [ruby-list:48558]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: add a test for above.
-
-Sat Feb 11 02:39:09 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* variable.c (set_const_visibility): clear inine-cache when constant's
-	  visibility is modified. [ruby-dev:44929]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_module.rb (test_private_constants_clear_inlinecache):
-	  add test for it.
-
-Sat Feb 11 02:39:09 2012  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* variable.c (set_const_visibility): print a warning when no argument
-	  is passwd to Module#private_constant.  [ruby-list:48558]
-
-	* vm_method.c (set_method_visibility): ditto for
-	  Module#private_class_method.
-
-Sat Feb 11 02:39:09 2012  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* variable.c (set_const_visibility): Module#private_constant has
-	  changed the visibility of only the first argument.  Now it changes
-	  all of them.  [ruby-list:48558]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: add a test for above.
-
-Sat Feb 11 02:26:51 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* lib/openssl/buffering.rb: Force multi-byte strings to be treated as
-	  binary data.
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Add test for it.
-
-	Thanks to Niklas Baumstark for reporting the issue!
-
-	[Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5233] [ruby-core:39120]
-
-Fri Feb 10 17:25:28 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/set.rb (SortedSet.setup): remove old_init after initialize
-	  method is redefined.  The remove before redefinition makes the
-	  warning prevention fragile.  [ruby-dev:44892]
-
-Fri Feb 10 17:02:12 2012  okkez  <okkez000@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (rb_thread_create_timer_thread): fix memory
-	  leak. [ruby-dev:44904] [Bug #5688]
-
-Fri Feb 10 05:22:32 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* cont.c (fiber_setcontext): Use longjmp() instead of swapcontext() on
-	  FreeBSD 9. [ruby-dev:41316] [Bug #3295] [Bug #5526]
-
-Fri Feb 10 05:13:12 2012  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
-
-	* object.c: Added examples for Object#is_a? and
-	  Object#instance_of? patcheed from Manoj Kumar.
-	  [Bug #5880] [ruby-core:42057]
-
-Fri Feb 10 05:11:43 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (argf_next_argv): reset ARGF.next_p on ARGV.replace.
-	  r34409 breaks replacing ARGV.
-	  [ruby-dev:45160] [Bug #5952]
-
-Fri Feb 10 05:11:43 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (argf_close): skip stdin, which should be readable again.
-	  [ruby-dev:45160] [Bug #5952]
-
-	* io.c (argf_readlines): reinitialize after all read to be
-	  readable again.
-
-Fri Feb  9 01:36:19 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* backport r34482 from trunk
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: Add SSL constants and allow to unset SSL
-	  option to prevent BEAST attack. See [Bug #5353].
-
-	  In OpenSSL, OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS is used to prevent
-	  TLS-CBC-IV vulunerability described at
-	  http://www.openssl.org/~bodo/tls-cbc.txt
-	  It's known issue of TLSv1/SSLv3 but it attracts lots of attention
-	  these days as BEAST attack. (CVE-2011-3389)
-
-	  Until now ossl sets OP_ALL at SSLContext allocation and call
-	  SSL_CTX_set_options at connection.  SSL_CTX_set_options updates the
-	  value by using |= so bits set by OP_ALL cannot be unset afterwards.
-	  This commit changes to call SSL_CTX_set_options only 1 time for each
-	  SSLContext. It sets the specified value if SSLContext#options= are
-	  called and sets OP_ALL if not.
-
-	  To help users to unset bits in OP_ALL, this commit also adds several
-	  constant to SSL such as
-	  OpenSSL::SSL::OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS.  These constants were
-	  not exposed in Ruby because there's no way to unset bits in OP_ALL
-	  before.
-
-	  Following is an example to enable 0/n split for BEAST prevention.
-
-	    ctx.options = OP_ALL & ~OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Test above option exists.
-
-Thu Feb  9 17:08:20 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* cont.c (cont_mark): mark original Thread object from saved_thread.
-	  [ruby-dev:44567] [Bug #5386]
-
-Thu Feb  9 17:05:07 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* cont.c (HAVE_GETCONTEXT): see getcontext(3) because DragonFly BSD
-	  x64 port doesn't have it.
-
-Thu Feb  9 16:19:04 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/memory_status.rb (Memory::Win32): 64bit support.
-
-Thu Feb  9 16:19:04 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/dl/lib/value.rb (DL::ValueUtil.{unsigned_value,signed_value}):
-	  currenly pack/unpack does not accept "q!" and "Q!".
-
-Thu Feb  9 16:19:04 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/conversions.c (value_to_generic): src is not guranteed as
-	  a Bignum if the type is LONG_LONG.  it may be a Fixnum if the value
-	  is small.
-
-Thu Feb  9 16:19:04 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/dl/lib/types.rb: Win64 support.
-
-Thu Feb  9 11:11:15 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/dbm/dbm.c (Init_dbm): fix a build error on mswin32.
-	  use `extern __declspec(dllimport)` for dll link with VC.
-	  [ruby-core:41996] [Bug #5869]
-
-Thu Feb  9 11:11:15 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/dbm/dbm.c: use db_version() instead of DB_VERSION_STRING to
-	  detect runtime Berkeley DB version.
-	  use dpversion instead of _QDBM_VERSION to detect runtime QDBM
-	  version.
-	  [ruby-dev:44948]
-
-Thu Feb  9 11:11:15 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/dbm/extconf.rb: detect gdbm_version in libgdbm.
-
-	* ext/dbm/dbm.c: make DBM::VERSION more informative for gdbm, qdbm and
-	  Berkeley DB 1.x.  [ruby-dev:44944]
-
-Thu Feb  9 07:32:40 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (rb_enc_uint_char): raise RangeError when added codepoint
-	  is invalid. [Feature #5855] [Bug #5863] [Bug #5864]
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_concat): ditto.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_concat): set encoding as ASCII-8BIT when the string
-	  is US-ASCII and the argument is an integer greater than 127.
-
-	* regenc.c (onigenc_mb2_code_to_mbclen): rearrange error code.
-
-	* enc/euc_jp.c (code_to_mbclen): ditto.
-
-	* enc/shift_jis.c (code_to_mbclen): ditto.
-
-Thu Feb  9 07:28:43 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/pathname/test_pathname.rb: not read but binread.
-	  patched by Benoit Daloze, [ruby-core:42440] [Bug #5984]
-
-Wed Feb  8 22:29:59 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_modify_expand): fix memory leak.
-
-Wed Feb  8 10:58:45 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_attempted_completion_function):
-	  respect encodings.  [Bug #5941]
-
-Wed Feb  8 10:56:00 2012  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_attempted_completion_function):
-	  fix compile error.
-
-Wed Feb  8 10:56:00 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_attempted_completion_function):
-	  empty completion result does not mean memory error.
-
-Wed Feb  8 10:54:49 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_readline): check if outstream
-	  is closed to get rid of a bug of readline 6.  [ruby-dev:45043]
-	  [Bug #5803]
-
-Wed Feb  8 10:52:51 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c (Init_readline): like r18313, libedit's
-	  replace_history_entry may use offset instead of which.
-	  so introduce history_replace_offset_func and initialize it.
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c (hist_set): use history_replace_offset_func.
-
-Wed Feb  8 10:52:36 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c (Init_readline): fix wrong condition.
-
-Wed Feb  8 10:50:11 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (test_script_from_stdin): slave pty
-	  should be manipulated because master pty may not be a tty on some
-	  environment (e.g. Solaris). [Bug:#5222] [ruby-dev:44420]
-
-Wed Feb  8 10:38:36 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* Makefile.in (CFLAGS): append ARCH_FLAG.
-
-	* configure.in (ARCH_FLAG): exclude from CFLAGS.
-
-Wed Feb 08 09:19:00 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c: Add warning about key as IV.
-
-Wed Feb  8 10:37:31 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c: Update and complete documentation.
-
-Wed Feb 08 09:57:33 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: Call INT2NUM only once for GeneralString.
-	  Thanks to Mantas Mikulenas for noticing and providing a patch!
-	  [ruby-core:42358] [Bug #5972]
-
-Wed Feb  8 10:34:59 2012  TAKAO Kouji  <kouji@takao7.net>
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_attempted_completion_function):
-	  in Readline module with GNU Readline 6 case, Readline module
-	  resets completion_append_character to " ", after it executes
-	  completion. So, Readline module stores
-	  completion_append_character, and Readline module always sets it
-	  after Readline module executes completion. [ruby-dev:43456]
-	  [Feature #4635]
-
-Wed Feb  8 09:47:52 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_sleep.rb (test_sleep_5sec): 0.1sec tolerance is too
-	  small for busy environment.
-
-Wed Feb  8 09:45:23 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/dbm/test_dbm.rb: split tests for read only database.
-
-	* test/gdbm/test_gdbm.rb: ditto.
-
-Wed Feb  8 09:43:48 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* error.c (name_err_mesg_to_str): clear rb_thread_t::errinfo when
-	  ignore exception under rb_protect(). [ruby-core:41612] [Bug #5755]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_exception.rb (test_exception_in_name_error_to_str):
-	  add a corresponding test.
-
-Wed Feb  8 09:36:42 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* encoding.c (require_enc): reject only loading from untrusted
-	  load paths.  [ruby-dev:44541] [Bug #5279]
-
-	* transcode.c (load_transcoder_entry): ditto.
-
-Wed Feb  8 09:36:42 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* encoding.c (load_encoding): predefined encoding names are safe.
-	  [ruby-dev:44469] [Bug #5279]
-
-	* transcode.c (load_transcoder_entry): ditto.
-
-Tue Feb  7 14:29:16 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* st.c (st_foreach): should not yield same pair when checking
-	  after unpacking.
-
-Tue Feb  7 14:03:45 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/tempfile.rb (Tempfile#_close): clear @tempfile and @data[1] even
-	  when exception is raised at @tempfile.close. [ruby-dev:45113]
-
-	* lib/tempfile.rb (Tempfile#unlink): fix a typo.
-
-Tue Feb  7 14:02:32 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_autoclose_true_closed_by_finalizer,
-	  test_autoclose_true_closed_by_finalizer): skip if IO objects are
-	  not recycled yet. [ruby-dev:45098] [Bug #5850]
-
-Tue Feb  7 13:59:26 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c (run_finalizer): clear rb_thread_t::errinfo when ignore
-	  an exception under rb_protect(). [ruby-dev:45113]
-
-Mon Feb  6 15:34:47 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ruby.c (fill_standard_fds): use fstat() instead of fcntl(F_GETFD)
-	  for MinGW.  reported by Luis Lavena.  [ruby-core:40526] [Bug #5516]
-
-Mon Feb  6 15:34:47 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ruby.c (fill_standard_fds): new function to open closed standard
-	  file descriptors.
-	  (ruby_sysinit): call fill_standard_fds.
-
-Mon Feb  6 15:19:17 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_fsync,rb_io_fdatasync): release GVL during fsync().
-	  fsync() and fdatasync() may take a long time on slow disks and/or
-	  if there is much dirty data.
-	  Patch by Eric Wong. [Feature #5665] [ruby-core:41247]
-
-Mon Feb  6 15:01:55 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0): should pass block to enumerators.  patched
-	  by Kazuki Tsujimoto.  [ruby-dev:44961][Bug #5731]
-
-	* vm_eval.c (method_missing), vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method):
-	  ditto.  patched by satoshi shiba.
-
-Mon Feb  6 21:52:20 2012  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* common.mk (INSTRUBY_ARGS): added --mantype to apply mdoc2man.rb
-	  to man pages.  Fixes #5598.
-	  (do-install-nodoc, do-install-local, do-install-man,
-	  dont-install-nodoc, dont-install-local, dont-install-man):
-	  No longer needs --mantype.
-
-	  Reported by Rainer Orth <ro AT cebitec.uni-bielefeld.de>,
-	  patch by George Koehler <xkernigh AT netscape.net>.
-
-Mon Feb  6 21:21:46 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/unit/assertions.rb (MINI_DIR): quick dirty hack to get rid of
-	  warnings when using assert/assert_respond_to.
-
-Mon Feb  6 20:38:19 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (file_expand_path): reset coderange after expanding path.
-
-Mon Feb  6 20:32:17 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_strptime.c: moved detector of leftover.
-
-Mon Feb  6 20:32:17 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_parse.c: [ruby-core:42173].
-
-Mon Feb  6 20:31:35 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: uses to_integer instead.
-	* test/date/test_switch_hitter.rb: added a test.
-
-Mon Feb  6 20:31:35 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (wholenum): fix the type of the return value.
-
-Mon Feb  6 20:31:35 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c:  [ruby-dev:45008].
-
-Mon Feb  6 16:38:56 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (unixtime_to_filetime): should check the return value
-	  of localtime().  reported by snowjail at gmail.com.
-	  [ruby-dev:44838] [Bug #5596]
-
-Mon Feb  6 16:36:25 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_update_max_fd): fstat(2) can fail with other than
-	  EBADF.  [ruby-dev:44837] [Bug #5593].  Cf.
-	  http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/fstat.html
-
-Mon Feb  6 16:31:16 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (io_fwrite): call rb_w32_write_console() only if FMODE_TTY is
-	  set.  this is the one of the reason of IO writing slowness of Windows
-	  in 1.9.3 or later.
-
-Mon Feb  6 16:21:57 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (file_expand_path): reset coderange after expanding path.
-
-Mon Feb  6 00:06:39 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/json/parser/parser.rl (json_string_unescape): workaround fix
-	  for over optimization of GCC 4.7. [ruby-core:42085] [Bug #5888]
-	  http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=51862
-
-Fri Feb  3 16:16:10 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (EnvUtil.invoke_ruby): yield also child pid
-	  in block form.
-
-Fri Feb  3 16:16:10 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb
-	  (TestThreadGroup#test_thread_timer_and_interrupt): skip exit status
-	  assertion because we cannot get signal status on Windows.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (CreateChild): create process group to receive the
-	  signal by GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent().
-
-	* win32/win32.c (kill): use CTRL_BREAK_EVENT instead of CTRL_C_EVENT
-	  if a process group is specified. CTRL_C_EVENT signal cannot be
-	  generated for process groups for the specification.
-	  [ruby-dev:45149] [Bug #5812]
-
-Fri Feb  3 16:16:10 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (invoke_ruby): remove :timeout option before
-	  pass it to Kernel#spawn.
-
-Fri Feb  3 10:10:02 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (ping_signal_thread_list): remove return value.
-	* thread_pthread.c (check_signal_thread_list): add a new function to
-	  check if signal thread list is empty.
-	* thread_pthread.c (thread_timer): check signal thread list after
-	  timer_thread_function(). main thread might be added into signal thread
-	  list during timer_thread_function().
-
-Fri Feb  3 10:10:02 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (ubf_select): call rb_thread_wakeup_timer_thread()
-	  only when it is not timer_thread. [Bug #5757] [ruby-dev:44985]
-	  patched by Tomoyuki Chikanaga.
-
-Wed Feb  1 09:50:10 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* doc/re.rdoc (Repetition): fix typo.  reported by Ori Avtalion
-	  and patched by Zachary Scott.  [Bug #5947]
-
-Tue Jan 24 11:38:05 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI.encode_www_form_component): initialize on
-	  requiring to support JRuby, which runs parallel multithreads.
-	  [ruby-core:42222] [Bug #5925]
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI.decode_www_form_component): initialize on
-
-Sat Jan 28 05:53:34 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/irb/completion.rb (IRB::InputCompletor::CompletionProc):
-	  ignore non-string name modules.  [ruby-core:42244][Bug #5938]
-
-Mon Jan 23 18:18:58 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* encoding.c (rb_enc_compatible): fix segv on symbols.
-	  [ruby-core:42204] [Bug #5921]
-
-Tue Jan 17 17:18:41 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (SPT_TYPE): enable as SPT_REUSEARGV on Darwin.
-
-	* missing/setproctitle.c (ruby_init_setproctitle): changed prefix.
-
-Mon Jan 16 16:41:53 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb (Regexp): fix incorrect options when casting to
-	  a Regexp, and suppress encoding option warnings.
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/82
-
-Fri Jan 13 15:22:43 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* time.c (TIME_COPY_GMT): copy vtm.utc_offset and vtm.zone too.
-	  patch by Tomoyuki Chikanaga.
-	  [ruby-dev:44827] [Bug #5586]
-
-Thu Jan 12 13:52:13 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* cont.c (cont_restore_0): prevent optimizing out `sp'. sp is used for
-	  reserving a memory space with ALLOCA_N for restoring machine stack
-	  stored in cont->machine_stack, but clang optimized out it (and
-	  maybe #5851 is also caused by this).
-	  This affected TestContinuation#test_check_localvars.
-
-	* cont.c (cont_restore_1): revert workaround introduced in r32201.
-
-Thu Jan 12 01:40:33 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_autoclose): Tempfile.new doesn't
-	  accept the block argument.
-
-Sat Jan  7 22:46:36 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/parsers/baseparser.rb: use private instead of _xxx
-	  method name. This is Ruby code not Python code.
-	  refs #5696
-
-Tue Jan 03 23:57:37 2012  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rexml/parsers/baseparser.rb: rexml BaseParser uses
-	  instance_eval unnecessarily on listener add.
-	  patch from Charles Nutter. [Bug #5696] [ruby-core:41437]
-
-Tue Jan 03 19:13:05 2012  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_sax.rb: add require 'rexml/document'.
-	  [Backport #5834] [ruby-dev:45079]
-
-Tue Jan  3 19:05:42 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* include/ruby/defines.h (FLUSH_REGISTER_WINDOWS): move sparc asm code
-	  to a separete file sparc.c for preventing inlining optimization.
-	  Patched by Jurij Smakov. [Bug #5244] [ruby-core:40685]
-	* sparc.c (rb_sparc_flush_register_windows): ditto.
-	* configure.in: ditto.
-
-Mon Jan  2 23:52:20 2012  TAKAO Kouji  <kouji@takao7.net>
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c (Init_readline): libedit check
-	  rl_getc_function only when rl_initialize() is called, and
-	  using_history() call rl_initialize(). This assignment should be
-	  placed before using_history(). [ruby-core:40641] [Bug #5539]
-
-Mon Jan  2 23:47:58 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb (install_recursive, bin-comm): split mere
-	  string not path name.  [ruby-core:40462] [Bug #5492]
-
-Mon Jan  2 23:41:57 2012  Tajima Akil <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (CONFIG_H): have stdint.h if VC2010.
-	  [Bug #5243]
-
-Mon Jan  2 21:40:45 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* tool/merger.rb (#version_up): version.h date should be Japanese
-	  locale date.
-
-Mon Jan  2 21:36:56 2012  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: check -fno-omit-frame-pointer acceptance and usage
-	  under MinGW. [ruby-core:39957] [Bug #5407]
-
-Mon Jan  2 20:05:10 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (SIZE_MAX): define SIZE_MAX if not defined.
-	  patched by The Written Word Inc. [ruby-core:40422] [Bug #5489]
-
-Mon Jan  2 20:00:01 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/pty/pty.c (pty_check): should return nil until the child
-	  terminates or stops.  [ruby-dev:44600] [Bug #2642]
-
-Mon Jan  2 19:27:18 2012  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* thread.c (update_coverage): skip coverage count up if the current
-	  line is out of the way.  rb_sourceline() is unreliable when source
-	  code is big.  [ruby-dev:44413]
-
-	* test/coverage/test_coverage.rb: add a test for above.
-
-Mon Jan  2 19:08:54 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (gvl_yield): don't prevent concurrent sched_yield().
-	  [Bug #5130] [ruby-core:38647]
-
-Mon Jan  2 18:54:52 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/configure.bat: disable delayed expansion of enironment variable.
-	  [Bug #5517] [ruby-core:40531]
-
-Wed Dec 28 11:22:45 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils::Entry_#entries): use utility method
-	  instead of typoed regexp.  [ruby-core:41829] [Bug #5817]
-
-Thu Dec 15 10:44:54 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_reject_bang, rb_ary_delete_if): update rdoc.
-	  documentation from Thomas Leitner <t_leitner AT gmx.at> in
-	  [ruby-core:41616].  [Bug #5752]
-
-Wed Dec 14 15:28:31 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* transcode.c (str_encode): about the extension of :fallback
-	  option since 1.9.3.
-
-Tue Oct  4 06:43:47 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: update psych version.
-	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: generate new gemspec for new version.
-
-Tue Oct  4 06:29:55 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: calling `yaml` rather than `to_yaml`.
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/nodes/node.rb: Rename `to_yaml` to just `yaml`
-	  in order to avoid YAML::ENGINE switching from replacing this method.
-	* test/psych/helper.rb: fix tests for method name change.
-	* test/psych/test_document.rb: ditto
-	* test/psych/visitors/test_emitter.rb: ditto
-
-Tue Oct  4 06:20:19 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb: Match values against the
-	  floating point spec defined in YAML to avoid erronious parses.
-	* test/psych/test_numeric.rb: corresponding test.
-
-Tue Oct  4 05:59:24 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: ToRuby visitor can be
-	  constructed with a ScalarScanner.
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: ScalarScanner can be
-	  passed to the YAMLTree visitor.
-
-Tue Oct  4 05:47:23 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: Define Regexp::NOENCODING
-	  for 1.9.2 backwards compatibility.
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: Fix Date string
-	  generation for 1.9.2 backwards compatibility.
-
-Fri Sep  2 04:05:25 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: emit strings tagged as
-	  ascii-8bit as binary in YAML.
-	* test/psych/test_string.rb: corresponding test.
-
-Wed Dec  7 19:04:22 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (rpath): fix typo in the help string.  a patch from
-	  Yuji Yamano <yyamano AT kt.rim.or.jp> in [ruby-list:48568].
-
-Wed Nov 30 18:22:10 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* complex.c (nucomp_rationalize): fix function.  [ruby-core:40667]
-	  [Bug #5546]
-
-Thu Nov 17 10:36:46 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb (load_file): make sure opened yaml files are
-	  also closed. [ruby-core:41088]
-
-Wed Nov 30 02:58:46 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* numeric.c (dbl2ival): Fix Float#divmod and #round for 32 bit
-	  platform. part 1 of [bug #5276]
-
-Wed Nov 30 02:58:46 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* numeric.c (flo_round): Fix criteria for 32 bits platform
-	  part 2 of [bug #5276]
-
-Wed Nov 30 02:37:32 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* numeric.c (flo_round): Make Float#round round big values [bug
-	  #5272]
-
-Wed Nov 30 02:37:32 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (flo_round): substitute machine dependent magic number.
-
-Wed Nov 30 02:28:22 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* numeric.c (int_round): Integer#round always returns an Integer [Bug
-	  #5271]
-
-Fri Nov  4 01:56:30 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (make_writeconv): unversal_newline converter is for reading.
-	  so, if the io is text mode and has ECONV_UNIVERSAL_NEWLINE_DECORATOR
-	  flag, use crlf_newline converter for writing.
-	  this change fixes the problem about the luck of CR up Kernel.p and
-	  Kernel.puts to stdout/stderr on Windows.
-
-Mon Nov  7 23:39:23 2011  Tajima Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
-
-	* io.c (io_fflush): remove fsync().
-	* io.c (rb_io_flush, rb_io_rewind): fsync() here.
-	  These pathces are backports of trunk r33651 for [Bug #5585]
-
-Mon Oct 10 22:33:12 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/-ext-/old_thread_select/test_old_thread_select.rb:
-	  select() with timeout may return early in old Linux kernels
-	  with 250 Hz tickrate and no dynticks, so skip everything older
-	  than 2.6.32 (which has long term support).
-	  And, Make the timing assertions consistently use assert_operator with
-	  timing difference in error message
-	  Patch by Eric Wong. [Bug #5335] [ruby-core:39618]
-
-Tue Oct  4 16:17:50 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/time.rb (Time.strptime): use Time.at if d[:seconds] is set.
-	  Reported by Christopher Eberz. [ruby-core:39903] Bug #5399
-
-Tue Oct  4 11:44:10 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_gc_set_params): ruby_verbose can be Qnil, so use RTEST.
-
-Mon Oct  3 23:56:39 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_gc_set_params): output GC parameter change messages only
-	  if -w/-v options are specified. these messages are output to stderr,
-	  not to stdout. [ruby-core:39795] [Bug #5380]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb (test_gc_parameter): add test for it.
-
-Wed Sep 28 09:14:16 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <>
-
-	* configure.in (pthread_np.h): needs pthread.h to be included
-	  previously on OpenBSD.  a patch by George Koehler <xkernigh AT
-	  netscape.net> at [ruby-core:39752].  [Bug #5376]
-
-Tue Sep 13 15:02:48 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/pstore.rb (PStore): always open in binary mode even if
-	  default encodings are set.  [Bug #5311] [ruby-core:39503]
-
-Sat Oct  8 07:31:42 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (ary_join_1): should not copy the encoding of non-string
-	  element after string element.  [ruby-core:39776] [Bug #5379]
-
-Sat Oct  8 06:51:46 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems 1.8.11.  Move Deprecate into the
-	  Gem namespace.
-
-Sat Oct  8 06:37:08 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_gc_set_params): output GC parameter change messages only
-	  if -w/-v options are specified. these messages are output to stderr,
-	  not to stdout. [ruby-core:39795] [Bug #5380]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb (test_gc_parameter): add test for it.
-
-Sat Oct  8 06:26:24 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c (add_heap_slots, init_heap): reset heaps_inc zero when
-	  heap slots are expanded by environment variable RUBY_HEAP_MIN_SLOTS.
-	  [ruby-core:39777] [Bug #5380]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb (test_gc_parameter): add test for it.
-
-	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (assert_normal_exit): add :child_env option to
-	  enable pass environemnt variables to child process.
-
-Sat Oct  8 05:45:28 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* proc.c (proc_call):  Update documentation to match argument handling
-	  of proc/Proc.new/lambda/->()
-
-Sat Oct  8 05:38:29 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* proc.c (proc_call):  Fix documentation of Proc#call vs Proc#===.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5349]
-
-Tue Sep 27 13:05:39 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: fix int_ossl_asn1_decode0_cons when being
-	  fed arbitrary string values.
-	  Clearly distinguish between the cases "universal, infinite and
-	  not a SEQUENCE or SET" and "universal SEQUENCE or SET, possibly
-	  infinite". Raise error for universal tags that are not infinite.
-	* test/openssl/test_asn1.rb: add a test for this.
-
-	  Thanks to Hiroshi Yoshida for reporting this bug.
-	  [Bug #5363] [ruby-dev:44542]
-
-Sat Sep 17 23:34:10 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_data_type): inherit the core type in ripper so
-	  that checks in core would work.  [ruby-core:39591] [Bug #5331]
-
-Fri Sep 23 14:15:01 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c
-	  ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c: Remove unused variables.
-
-Fri Sep 23 06:54:44 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* backport r33315 from trunk.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb: execute test_session_exts_read
-	  only for OpenSSL versions >= 0.9.8k. Thanks, Eric Wong, for
-	  reporting this.
-	  [Bug #4961] [ruby-core:37726]
-
-Fri Sep 23 12:18:52 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* backport r33311 from trunk.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb: ensure server calls callbacks in
-	  test_ctx_server_session_cb. Thanks to Eric Wong for the patch.
-	  [Bug #5336] [ruby-core:39619]
-
-Thu Sep 22 19:45:22 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (ubf_select): activate timer thread when interrupt
-	  blocking thread.
-	  A patch created by Koichi Sasada. [ruby-core:39634] [Bug #5343]
-	  to cover race condition, timer thread periodically send SIGVTARLM to
-	  threads in signal thread list. so you should activate timer thread
-	  when interrupt a thread.
-
-Wed Sep 21 16:57:03 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/io/wait/test_io_wait.rb (TestIOWait#setup): of course, the
-	  behavior of mingw is just same with mswin.
-
-Sat Sep 17 22:21:26 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (rb_vm_make_env_object, rb_vm_get_sourceline): export as a
-	  workaround for ruby-debug19 for the time being.
-	  [ruby-core:38972] [Bug #5193]
-
-Fri Sep 16 01:08:19 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* NEWS: cosmetic changes.
-
-Wed Sep 14 12:39:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* configure.in: do not use gcc-4.2 as the default compiler.
-
-	* NEWS: describe the issue about Xcode.
-
-Wed Sep 14 11:46:30 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_fd_rcopy): added an argument guard.
-	  Patch by NAKAMURA Usaku. [Bug #5306] [ruby-core:39435]
-
-Tue Sep 13 09:28:58 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* NEWS: wrote about rb_reserved_fd_p() and objspace.
-
-Mon Sep 12 20:47:52 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_select): fix a typo to initialize efds
-	  properly.  [Bug #5299] [ruby-core:39380]
-
-Mon Sep 12 20:41:20 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_select): fix to ignore an argument
-	  modification of rb_thread_fd_select().
-	  based on a patch by Eric Wong. [Bug #5306] [ruby-core:39435]
-	* thread.c (rb_fd_rcopy): New. for reverse fd copy.
-
-	* test/-ext-/old_thread_select/test_old_thread_select.rb
-	(test_old_select_false_positive): test for bug5306.
-
-	* ext/-test-/old_thread_select/old_thread_select.c (fdset2array):
-	  New. convert fdsets to array.
-	* ext/-test-/old_thread_select/old_thread_select.c (old_thread_select):
-	  return 'read', 'write', 'except' argument of rb_thread_select()
-	  to ruby script.
-
-Tue Sep  6 13:15:44 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* encoding.c (load_encoding): predefined encoding names are safe.
-	  [ruby-dev:44469] [Bug #5279]
-
-	* transcode.c (load_transcoder_entry): ditto.
-
-Fri Sep  9 16:02:04 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* insns.def (concatstrings): don't use initial ASCII-8BIT string.
-	  [ruby-core:38635] [Bug #5126]
-
-Thu Sep  8 21:17:36 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c: import nkf 2.1.2 (be9c280)
-	  Bump version number/release date only.
-
-Wed Sep  7 23:42:45 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (argf_next_argv): open in default text mode.
-	  [ruby-core:39234] [Bug #5268]
-
-Mon Sep  5 15:06:55 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem_security.rb
-	  (test_class_build_self_signed_cert): reset opt[:trust_dir] to apply
-	  temporary Gem.user_home.
-
-Sun Sep  4 00:56:58 2011  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* backport r33177 from trunk.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_fiber.rb (TestFiber#test_no_valid_cfp):
-	  add a test. Unlike TestThread#test_no_valid_cfp,
-	  this test succeeds even if win32ole is required (see r33153).
-
-Fri Sep  2 21:11:16 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (validate_enc_binmode, prep_stdio): default to text mode on
-	  dosish platforms.  [ruby-core:38822] [Bug #5164]
-
-	* transcode.c (rb_econv_prepare_options): keep default ecflags
-	  unchanged if no options.
-
-Fri Sep  2 14:36:47 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_const_defined_class): search
-	  ancestors only when global scope.  [ruby-core:39227] [Bug #5264]
-
-Fri Sep  2 09:58:08 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_tokadd_string, parser_yylex): ignore a backslash
-	  which prefixes an non-ascii character, which has no escape
-	  syntax.  [ruby-core:39222] [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5262]
-
-Thu Sep  1 17:31:22 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* insns.def (defineclass), vm_insnhelper.c (vm_get_cvar_base): see
-	  also inherited constants for classes without superclass and
-	  modules.  [ruby-core:37698] [Bug #3423]
-
-Thu Sep  1 14:11:16 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (TestThread#test_no_valid_cfp): skip when
-	  win32ole is required.  in such case, win32ole redefines
-	  Thread#initialize, and the block argument becomes to be not the top
-	  of the thread, then this testcase always fails.
-
-Wed Aug 31 16:02:45 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/json: Merge json gem v1.5.4 (3dab4c5a6a97fac03dac).
-
-Wed Aug 31 13:19:31 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* numeric.c (flo_round): Avoid overflow by optimizing for trivial
-	  cases
-	  [Bug #5227]
-
-Wed Aug 31 06:45:32 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: fix r32835. $withval can't be used outer AC_ARG_WITH().
-
-Wed Aug 31 05:29:03 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_select_with_thread): and my typo. we all must
-	  be more careful.
-
-Wed Aug 31 05:28:45 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_select): critical typo in r33117.
-
-Wed Aug 31 05:28:26 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/-ext-/old_thread_select/test_old_thread_select.rb
-	  (TestOldThreadSelect#test_old_select_read_timeout): if the machine
-	  is fast enough, the time used by code around IO.select may be smaller
-	  than Time implement threshold.
-
-Wed Aug 31 05:27:59 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/-test-/old_thread_select/old_thread_select.c (old_thread_select):
-	  typo.
-
-	* test/-ext-/old_thread_select/test_old_thread_select.rb
-	  (TestOldThreadSelect#test_old_select_signal_safe): use SIGINT instead
-	  of SIGUSR1 because the former is general and the latter is platform
-	  dependent.
-
-Wed Aug 31 05:26:30 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c, include/ruby/intern.h (rb_w32_fd_copy): implement
-	  for rb_thread_select() in thread.c.  the use of rb_fd_copy() is
-	  introduced in r33117.
-	  [Bug #5229] [ruby-core:39102]
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_select): must call rb_fd_init() before using
-	  rb_fdset_t.  see the implementations of rb_fd_init()s if you want to
-	  know the reason.
-
-Tue Aug 30 11:25:21 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/json: Merge json gem 1.5.4+ (2149f4185c598fb97db1).
-	  [Bug #5173] [ruby-core:38866]
-
-Tue Aug 30 09:53:59 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* cont.c (fiber_entry): fix stack allocation failure on Debian
-	  GNU/kFreeBSD.
-	  Patch by Lucas Nussbaum <lucas at lucas-nussbaum dot net>.
-	  [Bug #5241] [ruby-core:39147]
-
-Tue Aug 30 09:52:29 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* backport r33117 from trunk.
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_select): rewrite by using
-	  rb_thread_fd_select(). old one is EINTR unsafe.
-	  Patch by Eric Wong. [Bug #5229] [ruby-core:39102]
-
-	* test/-ext-/old_thread_select/test_old_thread_select.rb:
-	  a testcase for rb_thread_select().
-	* ext/-test-/old_thread_select/old_thread_select.c: ditto.
-	* ext/-test-/old_thread_select/depend: ditto.
-	* ext/-test-/old_thread_select/extconf.rb: ditto.
-
-Tue Aug 30 09:16:17 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: fix a build failure on GNU Hurd.
-	  Patch by Samuel Thibault <sthibault at debian dot org>. Thank you!
-	  [Bug #5250] [ruby-core:39185]
-
-Sun Aug 28 15:38:17 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* backport r33106 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/date/date_parse.c (date_zone_to_diff): keep a temporary string
-	  stored in variable while the contents buffer is beeing used.
-
-	* ext/date/date_parse.c (date_zone_to_diff): get rid of out of bounds
-	  memory read. [ruby-dev:44409] [Bug #5213]
-
-Sun Aug 28 05:29:50 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
-
-	* backport r33102 from trunk.
-
-	* lib/minitest/*: Imported minitest 2.5.1 (r6596)
-	* test/minitest/*: ditto
-
-Sat Aug 27 20:54:54 2011  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* backport r33099 from trunk.
-
-	* vm.c (rb_vm_rewrite_dfp_in_errinfo): change return type
-	  to suppress a warning.
-
-	* vm_core.h: ditto.
-
-Sat Aug 27 19:03:44 2011  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* backport r33096 from trunk.
-
-	* proc.c (proc_new): force to rewrite errinfo when calling Proc.new in ensure.
-	  [Bug #5234] [ruby-core:39125]
-
-	* vm.c (rb_vm_rewrite_dfp_in_errinfo): new function.
-
-	* vm.c (vm_make_env_each): changed accordingly.
-
-	* vm_core.h: ditto.
-
-	* bootstraptest/test_flow.rb: add tests for above.
-
-Sat Aug 27 08:59:12 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* NEWS:  Update version of rake to 0.9.2.2.
-
-Sat Aug 27 08:44:58 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* backport r33087 from trunk
-
-	* lib/rdoc:  Import RDoc 3.9.4.  Typo and grammar fixes by Luke Gruber.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5203]
-
-Sat Aug 27 07:53:34 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* backport r33087 from trunk.
-
-	* lib/open-uri.rb:  Fix indentation of OpenURI::OpenRead#open.  Use ++
-	  instead of `' for method arguments in open-uri.rb
-
-Sat Aug 27 07:22:07 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* backport r33086 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb:  Fix typos and grammar mistakes.  Patch
-	  by Luke Gruber.  [#5203]
-	* ext/pty/lib/expect.rb:  ditto
-	* lib/mathn.rb:  ditto
-	* lib/net/http.rb:  ditto
-	* lib/open-uri.rb:  ditto
-	* lib/ostruct.rb:  ditto
-	* lib/tempfile.rb:  ditto
-	* lib/thread.rb:  ditto
-	* lib/weakref.rb:  ditto
-	* sample/webrick/httpproxy.rb:  ditto
-
-Fri Aug 26 10:10:37 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* backport r33074 from trunk.
-
-	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems 1.8.10.  Fixes security issue in
-	  creating ruby-format gemspecs.  Fixes Gem.dir not being at the front
-	  of Gem.path to fix uninstall and cleanup commands.  Fixes gem
-	  uninstall stopping on the first missing gem.
-
-Wed Aug 24 09:49:10 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* backport r33045 from trunk.
-
-	* insns.def (defined): fix to checking class variable.
-	  A patch by Magnus Holm <judofyr@gmail.com>.  Thanks!
-
-Fri Aug 26 08:21:10 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_variable.rb: add a test for above.
-
-Thu Aug 25 09:43:16 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* backport r33066 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/bn.rb:  Hide copyright info from RDoc.
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/digest.rb:  ditto
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/cipher.rb:  ditto
-
-Thu Aug 25 09:25:48 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* backport r33065 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c:  Document OpenSSL::Digest::digest and add
-	  an example to OpenSSL::Digest.  Patch by Sylvain Daubert.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5166]
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/digest.rb (module OpenSSL):  ditto
-
-Thu Aug 25 08:19:43 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm.c (vm_make_env_each): work around to solve Bug #2729.
-	  fixes: Bug #2729
-	  a patch from Kazuki Tsujimoto <kazuki@callcc.net>
-	  This problem is caused by changing dfp (dynamic env pointer)
-	  from saved dfp.  Saved dfp is pointed env in VM stack.  However,
-	  the dfp can be moved because VM copies env from VM stack to
-	  the heap.  At this copying, dfp was also changed.  To solve this
-	  problem, I'll try to change throw mechanism (not save target dfp,
-	  but save target cfp).
-
-	* bootstraptest/test_flow.rb: add a test for above.
-
-Thu Aug 25 08:04:08 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* numeric.c (int_round): Fix Integer#round [ruby-core:39096]
-
-Thu Aug 25 06:51:08 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: Fixing psych version number.
-
-Thu Aug 25 06:11:35 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/nodes/node.rb: default `to_yaml` encoding to be
-	  UTF-8.
-	* test/psych/test_encoding.rb: test yaml dump encoding.
-
-Wed Aug 24 08:53:06 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* backport r33043 from trunk.
-
-	* lib/rdoc:  Update to RDoc 3.9.3.  Fixes RDoc with `ruby -Ku`.  Allows
-	  HTTPS image paths to be turned into <img> tags.  Prevents special
-	  markup inside <tt> from being processed.
-
-Wed Aug 24 07:57:43 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* backport r33040 from trunk.
-
-	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems 1.8.9.  Fixes uninstalling multiple
-	  gems and gem cleanup.
-
-Wed Aug 24 06:45:20 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
-
-	* backport r33036 from trunk.
-
-	* lib/minitest/*: Imported minitest 2.5.0 (r6557)
-	* test/minitest/*: ditto
-
-Tue Aug 23 15:23:56 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* backport r33027 from trunk.
-
-	* load.c (rb_f_require):  Improve documentation of Kernel#require.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5210]
-
-Tue Aug 23 15:11:48 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* backport r33023 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (gzfile_read_header): Ensure that each section of
-	  gzip header is readable to avoid SEGV.
-
-	* test/zlib/test_zlib.rb (test_corrupted_header): Test it.
-
-Mon Aug 22 23:43:33 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* backport r33021 from trunk.
-
-	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): add RB_GC_GUARD to prevent temporary
-	  strings from GC.
-
-Sun Aug 21 17:58:38 2011  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* backport r33019 from trunk.
-
-	* iseq.c (iseq_s_disasm): remove variable which is no longer used
-	  since r33013.
-
-Sun Aug 21 14:20:58 2011  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: use LD_LIBRARY_PATH_64 on 64-bit Solaris.
-
-Sun Aug 21 11:13:54 2011  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* backport r32895 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/fiddle/conversions.c (generic_to_value): ffi_arg and ffi_sarg
-	  should be used to handle shorter return value. fix [Bug #3861]
-	  [ruby-core:32504]
-
-	* ext/fiddle/closure.c (callback): ditto
-
-	* ext/fiddle/conversions.h (fiddle_generic): ditto
-
-	* ext/fiddle/conversions.c (value_to_generic): char, short and int
-	  are strictly distinguished on big-endian CPU, e.g. sparc64.
-
-Sat Aug 20 13:28:32 2011  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* backport r33013 from trunk.
-
-	* iseq.c (iseq_s_disasm): fix a bug that may cause SEGV.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_method.rb (test_body): add a test for the above change.
-
-Sat Aug 20 10:43:24 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_read): return new string if nil
-	  is explicitly given as a buffer ([Bug #5207]), otherwise set the
-	  encoding.  also removed dead code.
-
-Fri Aug 19 14:25:51 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c (proc_spawn_v, proc_spawn): should not wait the
-	  spawned process.
-
-	* process.c (proc_spawn_v): fix missing argument, and try with
-	  /bin/sh only if failed with ENOEXEC.
-
-Fri Aug 19 14:12:57 2011  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* backport r33007 from trunk.
-
-	* lib/net/imap.rb (idle): raises a Net::IMAP::Error when the
-	  connection is closed.  based on the patch by Hugo Barauna.
-	  [Bug #5190] [ruby-core:38930]
-
-Fri Aug 19 11:28:58 2011  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* backport r33001 from trunk.
-
-	* lib/net/imap.rb (msg_att): accepts extra space before ')'.
-	  based on the patch by art lussos.  [Bug #5163] [ruby-core:38820]
-
-Wed Aug 17 15:27:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* backport r32996 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (cannot_be_coerced_into_BigDecimal):
-	  add a new function for raising error when an object cannot coerce
-	  into BigDecimal.  [Bug #5172]
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimalValueWithPrec): use
-	  cannot_be_coerced_into_BigDecimal function.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigMath_s_exp): ditto.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigMath_s_log): ditto.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb: test for the avobe changes.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/testbase.rb (under_gc_stress): add a new utility
-	  method to run tests under the condition of GC.stress = true.
-
-Wed Aug 17 10:16:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* backport r32994 from trunk.
-
-	* rational.c (nurat_coerce): Rational#coerce should converts itself
-	  into Complex if the argument is a Complex with non-zero imaginary
-	  part.  [Bug #5020] [ruby-dev:44088]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_rational.rb (test_coerce): test for the above change.
-
-Wed Aug 17 06:33:19 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* backport r32992 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c: Add class documentation for
-	  OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.
-
-Wed Aug 17 05:02:25 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* backport r32987 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c: corrected docs, OpenSSL::PKey::DH does
-	  *not* support #sign/verify.
-
-Tue Aug 16 18:56:54 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (ruby_threadptr_data_type): rename to hide.
-	  [ruby-core:38972]
-
-Tue Aug 16 18:52:08 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/mkexports.rb (Exports::Mswin#each_export): exclude Init_
-	  and _threadptr_ functions, as well as mingw.
-
-Tue Aug 16 09:38:37 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* backport r32981 and r32982 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/dl:  Add documentation.  Patch by Vincent Batts.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5192]
-
-	* ext/.document (fiddle):  Remove duplicate entry
-
-	* ext/fiddle:  Complete documentation of Fiddle.  Patch by Vincent
-	  Batts.  [#5192]
-
-Tue Aug 16 08:00:15 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* backport r32977 from trunk
-
-	* ext/socket:  Make Socket documentation appear.  Add documentation for
-	  Socket, TCPServer, SOCKSSocket.  Patch by Sylvain Daubert.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #5182]
-
-Mon Aug 15 10:16:55 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-	* backport r32973 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: Support disabling OpenSSL compression.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Add a test for it.
-	  Thanks to Eric Wong for the patch.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #5183] [ruby-core:38911]
-
-Sat Aug 13 22:17:27 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/mkconfig.rb: do not make the entries related to sitedir and
-	  verdordir if disabled by --without options.  [ruby-core:38922]
-	  [Bug #5187]
-
-Sat Aug 13 17:06:57 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: [ruby-core:38861]
-
-Sat Aug 13 16:59:51 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* test/date/test_*.rb: added tests.
-
-Sat Aug 13 09:36:19 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/date/date_parse.c (parse_ddd_cb): fix r32896. RB_GC_GUARD
-	  insertion position was mistaken. [ruby-dev:44337] [Bug #5152]
-
-Sat Aug 13 09:26:24 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/core_ext.rb: Make Kernel#y private.
-	  [ruby-core:38913]
-
-	* test/psych/test_yaml.rb: corresponding test.
-
-Sat Aug 13 09:15:16 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (date_strftime_alloc): followed the change
-	  of r32885.
-
-	* NEWS: followed the above change.
-
-Sat Aug 13 08:49:05 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: [ruby-core:38855].
-
-Sat Aug 13 03:41:37 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* backport r32953 from trunk.
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb:  Fix documentation of URI::Parser.new.  Patch by
-	  Steve Klabnik.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5177]
-
-Sat Aug 13 02:19:57 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* backport r32950 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/digest/digest.c:  Add documentation for the Digest module.  Patch
-	  by Sylvain Daubert.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5167]
-
-Fri Aug  5 13:32:43 2011  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* backport r32856 from trunk.
-
-	* lib/xmlrpc/client.rb, lib/xmlrpc/server.rb: should use
-	  String#bytesize instead of String#size.
-
-Fri Aug 12 13:53:03 2011  Narihiro Nakamura  <narihiro@netlab.jp>
-
-	* backport r32894 from trunk.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_lazy_sweep): if sweep target slots are not found, we
-	  try heap_increment() because it might be able to expand the
-	  heap. [Bug #5127] [ruby-dev:44285]
-
-	* gc.c (gc_clear_mark_on_sweep_slots): if a sweeping was
-	  interrupted, we expand the heap if at all possible.
-
-Fri Aug 12 12:28:17 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rake:  Update to Rake 0.9.2.2.  Prevent pollution of toplevel
-	  namespace by Commands.  Remove unused variable and debugging
-	  statement in tests.
-
-Fri Aug 12 09:00:24 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* backport r32941 from trunk
-
-	* lib/rubygems:  Import RubyGems 1.8.8.  Fixes encoding of YAML gemspec
-	  from gems.  Github Issue #149
-
-Fri Aug 12 03:24:35 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* backport r32935 from trunk
-
-	* lib/rdoc:  Import RDoc 3.9.2.  Fixes TIDYLINK for HTML output.
-
-Tue Aug  2 22:04:46 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* backport r32815 from trunk.
-
-	* gc.c (init_heap): allocate sigaltstack after heaps are allocated.
-	  [ruby-dev:44315] [Bug #5139]
-
-	* vm.c (thread_free): use free because objspace is not ready.
-
-	* vm.c (th_init): use malloc because objspace is not ready.
-
-Thu Aug 11 19:04:38 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* backport r32931 from trunk.
-
-	* variable.c (autoload_delete): An autoload entry is still in a
-	  RCLASS_IV_TBL, not in a RCLASS_CONST_TBL, so take back the table
-	  changed in r29600. And an autoload entry keeps not a
-	  rb_const_entry_t but a NODE so remove rb_const_entry_t thing added
-	  in r29602.
-
-Thu Aug 11 15:07:36 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (link_command): use LIBRUBYARG in rbconfig for
-	  unbundled extensions.  [ruby-core:38802] [Bug #5147]
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (init_mkmf): revert r32902.  [ruby-core:38903]
-
-Wed Aug 10 19:30:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* backport r32903 from trunk.
-
-	* complex.c (nucomp_rationalize): calls rationalize of real part if
-	  imaginary part is exactly zero.  The patch is made by Marc-Andre
-	  Lafortune.  fixes [Bug #5178] [ruby-core:38885]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_complex.rb (test_rationalize): add a test for the
-	  above change.
-
-	* complex.c (nucomp_to_r): fix RDoc comment.  The patch is made by
-	  Marc-Andre Lafortune.
-
-Wed Aug 10 14:11:07 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (init_mkmf): set $LIBRUBYARG regardless of shared
-	  option.  [ruby-core:38802] [Bug #5147]
-
-Wed Aug 10 02:57:01 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb: come back autoload. OpenSSL constant is used
-	  some places, so it leads mistakes like HTTP.start.
-
-Tue Aug  9 22:57:45 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/date/date_parse.c (date_zone_to_diff): add RB_GC_GUARD.
-	  [ruby-dev:44337] [Bug #5152]
-
-	* ext/date/data_parse.c (parse_ddd_cb): ditto.
-
-Tue Aug  9 12:20:33 2011  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/fiddle/helper.rb (libc_so, libm_so): Solaris support added.
-	  [ruby-core:38853] [Bug #5168]
-
-	* test/dl/test_base.rb (libc_so, libm_so): on Solaris, remove libc
-	  and libm version numbers for detecting default libc and libm.
-
-Tue Aug  9 10:49:52 2011  Igor Zubkov  <igor.zubkov@gmail.com>
-
-	* array.c: Fix typo. https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/36
-
-Mon Aug  8 00:10:45 2011  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* test/test_syslog.rb (TestSyslog#test_log): Do not be too
-	  specific about the log line format.  Fixes #5081.
-
-Sun Aug  7 23:39:44 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* time.c (rb_strftime_alloc): raise ERANGE if width is too large.
-	  Patch by Nobuyoshi Nakada. [Bug #4457] [ruby-dev:43285]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_time.rb (class TestTime): add a test for the
-	  above change.
-
-Sun Aug  7 14:15:10 2011  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* backport r32876 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/objspace/objspace.c: fix typos in a document.
-
-Sun Aug  7 04:42:36 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* marshal.c (w_object):  Fix exception message when _dump_data
-	  is not defined on a T_DATA object.
-
-Sat Aug  6 06:14:20 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rdoc:  Update to 3.9.1.  Fixes === lines in verbatim sections.
-	  Fixes :nodoc: on class aliases.  Fixes :stopdoc: creating references
-	  to Object.  Fixes spacing when class comments are merged in ri.
-	  Fixes `ri []` crash.  Fixes bug report URL when rdoc crashes.  Adds
-	  :doc: and :nodoc: to allow hiding of implementation details in ruby.
-	  Makes `rdoc` and `ri` gem-aware.
-
-Sat Aug  6 03:19:45 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems:  Import RubyGems 1.8.7:
-	  Added missing require for `gem uninstall --format-executable`.
-
-	  The correct name of the executable being uninstalled is now displayed
-	  with --format-executable.
-
-	  Fixed `gem unpack uninstalled_gem` default version picker.
-
-	  RubyGems no longer claims a nonexistent gem can be uninstalled.
-
-	  `gem which` no longer claims directories are requirable files.
-
-	  `gem cleanup` continues cleaning up gems if one can't be uninstalled
-	  due to permissions.  Issue #82.
-
-	  Gem repository directories are no longer created world-writable.
-	  Patch by Sakuro OZAWA.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4930]
-
-Fri Aug  5 23:08:39 2011  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* backport r32845 from trunk.
-
-	* configure.in: when Solaris cc, use $(CC) to link shared libs.
-
-Fri Aug  5 22:16:20 2011  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* numeric.c (rb_infinity, rb_nan): use WORDS_BIGENDIAN to get endian.
-	  fix [Bug #5160] [ruby-dev:44356]
-
-Fri Aug  5 15:57:10 2011  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* complex.c (f_signbit): fix compile error in gcc4 on Solaris with
-	  CFLAGS="-std=gnu99".  [ruby-dev:44355] fix [Bug #5159]
-
-	* math.c: ditto.
-
-Thu Aug  5 10:09:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* backport r32846 from trunk.
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_cond_signal): retry to call pthread_cond_signal
-	  and pthread_cond_broadcast if they return EAGAIN in
-	  native_cond_signal and native_cond_broadcast, respectively.
-	  It is for the pthread implementation of Mac OS X 10.7 (Lion).
-	  fixes #5155.  [ruby-dev:44342].
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_cond_broadcast): ditto.
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (struct cached_thread_entry): stop using
-	  pthread_cond_t and its functions directly.
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (register_cached_thread_and_wait): ditto.
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (use_cached_thread): ditto.
-
-Fri Aug  5 07:35:00 2011  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/installer.rb (class Gem): Correct path check on Windows
-	  Possible fix for [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5111]
-
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem_installer.rb (load Gem): ditto
-	  Backported from trunk r32804
-
-Fri Aug  5 07:00:31 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/io/console/test_io_console.rb (test_noctty): daemon() on
-	  Fedora Rawhide seems not to detach the controlling terminal,
-	  when the argument noclose is non-zero.  ref: [Bug #5135]
-
-Wed Aug  4 02:35:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* configure.in: use build_os variable for checking C and C++ compilers
-	  matching.
-
-	* configure.in: use clang++ if clang is used.
-
-Thu Aug  4 02:21:10 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (link_command): use static library only for bundled
-	  extensions.  [Bug #5147]
-
-Wed Aug  3 00:11:08 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/prettyprint.rb: update document.  [ruby-core:36776]
-
-
-Tue Aug  2 20:10:16 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb: pass "--ruby" option to
-	  test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/runner.rb. [Bug #5132] [ruby-dev:44303]
-	  Backported from trunk r32812.
-
-Tue Aug  2 12:03:16 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (recursive_hash): hash value of emptied hash should be
-	  equal to an empty hash.  [ruby-core:38650]
-
-Tue Aug  2 11:42:15 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (rb_enc_symname2_p): :! is valid symbol.  [Bug #5136]
-
-Tue Aug  2 03:26:02 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rake/test_rake_directory_task.rb (TestRakeDirectoryTask#
-	  test_directory_win32): fixed wrong test.
-	  backported r32670 from trunk.
-
-Mon Aug  1 15:45:23 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* test/rake/test_rake_functional.rb:  Don't assume the binary name of
-	  ruby is "ruby".  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5114]
-	* test/rake/helper.rb:  ditto
-
-Mon Aug  1 05:21:42 2011  TAKANO Mitsuhiro (takano32)  <tak@no32.tk>
-
-	* cont.c (cont_save_thread): fix missing semicolon.
-
-Sun Jul 31 22:57:16 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* enc/Makefile.in (ECHO1): Same as the recent fix in common.mk.
-	  ":" in a make variable replacement cause a syntax error with
-	  /usr/ccs/bin/make on Solaris.  Uses $(NULLCMD) instead.
-
-Sun Jul 31 22:44:08 2011  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* configure.in: fix typos.
-
-Sun Jul 31 21:19:51 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (configuration:ECHO1): Same as the recent fix in
-	  common.mk.
-	  ":" in a make variable replacement cause a syntax error with
-	  /usr/ccs/bin/make on Solaris.  Uses $(NULLCMD) instead.
-
-Sun Jul 31 21:16:02 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* complex.c (f_signbit): gcc4 on Solaris DOES have signbit but does
-	  not have it on header.
-
-	* math.c: ditto.
-
-Sun Jul 31 21:09:04 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* common.mk (node_name.inc): Use $(Q) for consistency.
-
-	* Makefile.in (INSNS): ditto.
-
-Sun Jul 31 20:39:12 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* common.mk (ECHO1): nmake does not allow parenthesis in make variable
-	  replacement.
-
-Sun Jul 31 20:21:36 2011  "Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)"  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* common.mk (ECHO1): ":" in a make variable replacement cause a syntax
-	  error with /usr/ccs/bin/make on Solaris.  Uses $(NULLCMD) instead.
-
-	* configure.in (NULLCMD): new check.
-
-	* Makefile.in (NULLCMD): Reflects checking in configure.
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (NULLCMD): new assignment.
-
-Sun Jul 31 11:31:07 2011  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
-
-	* backport r32768 from trunk.
-
-	* vm.c: check if cfp is valid. [Bug #5083] [ruby-dev:44208]
-
-Sat Jul 31 01:23:45 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* backport r32762 from trunk.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_version): removed.
-
-Sat Jul 30 23:51:44 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/cmath.rb (cbrt): should return a real number if possible.
-
-Sat Jul 30 23:48:04 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: an issue that is same as  [ruby-dev:44071].
-
-	* ext/date/date_strftime.c: identical to [ruby-dev:44112].
-
-Sat Jul 30 23:19:09 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* defs/default_gems: separate from tool/rbinstall.rb.
-
-Sat Jul 30 23:14:44 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_each_byte): rbuf can be refreshed during yield.
-	  [Bug #5119]
-
-Sat Jul 30 22:35:50 2011  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
-
-	* strftime.c (NEEDS): avoid SEGV due to integer overflow in
-	  sparc-solaris2.10 and i686-linux.  fix [Bug #4456] [ruby-dev:43284]
-
-Sat Jul 30 14:27:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* backport r32754 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_version): version 1.1.0.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.gemspec: turn into a default gem.
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb: ditto.
-
-Sat Jul 30 13:52:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/util.rb (Rational#to_d):
-	  revive zero and implicit precision support as a deprecated feature.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal_util.rb: modify a test for the above
-	  change.
-
-	* NEWS: describes the above change.
-
-Sat Jul 30 10:58:10 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm.c (th_init): preallocate alternative stack.
-	  NoMemoryError is better than rb_bug, of course.
-	  Patch by Eric Wong. [ruby-core:38572][ruby-core:38594].
-
-	* signal.c (rb_register_sigaltstack): ditto.
-
-	* vm_core.h: moved ALT_STACK_SIZE definition from signal.c.
-
-	* vm.c (thread_free): use xfree() instead of free().
-
-Sat Jul 30 07:20:49 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb (udp_server_sockets): unused variable
-	  removed.
-	  patch by Jeremy Evans.  [ruby-core:38600]
-
-Fri Jul 29 23:56:32 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/securerandom.rb: call OpenSSL::Random.seed at the
-	  SecureRandom.random_bytes call.
-	  based on the patch by Masahiro Tomita.  [ruby-dev:44270]
-
-Fri Jul 29 20:48:39 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/mkconstants.rb: fix typos.
-
-Fri Jul 29 20:28:56 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/mkconstants.rb: use whitespaces as a separator.
-
-Fri Jul 29 18:59:07 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/mkconstants.rb: add documents for constants.
-	  patch by Eric Hodel.  [ruby-core:37853] [Bug #4989]
-
-Mon Jul 25 23:51:01 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* backport r32671 from trunk.
-
-	* proc.c: pre-allocate the unlinked_method_entry_list_entry struct to
-	  avoid memory allocation during GC.  based on a patch from Eric Wong.
-	  [ruby-core:38498]
-
-Mon Jul 25 22:36:11 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* backport r32669 from trunk.
-
-	* proc.c (struct METHOD), gc.c (gc_marks), vm_method.c
-	  (rb_gc_mark_unlinked_live_method_entries): fix SEGV bug.
-	  rb_method_entry_t was free'd even when the method is still on the
-	  stack if it is BMETHOD (i.e., Method#call).  This is because
-	  rb_method_entry_t is embedded in struct METHOD.  This commit
-	  separates them and marks the live method entries.
-	  See [ruby-core:38449] in detail.  fix [Bug #5047] [ruby-core:38171]
-
-Thu Jul 28 23:36:28 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/closure.c (callback): use rb_ary_tmp_new() instead of
-	  xmalloc() to allocate an array for arguments of callback procedure,
-	  to prevent arguments from being swept by GC. [ruby-core:38546]
-	  [Bug #4929]
-
-Thu Jul 28 22:51:27 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* backport r32723 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c (ossl_cipher_initialize): Avoid possible
-	  SEGV from AES encryption/decryption. Processing data by
-	  Cipher#update without initializing key (meaningless usage of Cipher
-	  object since we don't offer a way to export a key) could cause SEGV.
-
-	  In OpenSSL, the EVP which has EVP_CIPH_RAND_KEY flag (such as DES3)
-	  allows uninitialized key, but other EVPs (such as AES) does not
-	  allow it. Calling EVP_CipherUpdate() without initializing key causes
-	  SEGV so we set the data filled with "\0" as the key by default. See
-	  #2768.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_cipher.rb: test it.
-
-Thu Jul 28 04:53:31 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/delegate.rb:  Move file-level documentation to the appropriate
-	  classes.
-
-Thu Jul 28 00:33:47 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb: add OpenBSD case.
-	  patched by Jeremy Evans [ruby-core:38530] see #5097
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb: ditto.
-
-Wed Jul 27 17:59:46 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/missing.h: define __syscall if the platform has
-	  __syscall in the library but doesn't define it in headers
-	  for example Mac OS X.
-
-Wed Jul 27 15:39:14 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* object.c:  Add usage documentation for BasicObject.  Based on patch
-	  by Thomas Sawyer.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5067]
-
-Wed Jul 27 12:24:17 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/uninstaller.rb:  Add missing require and update
-	  messaging to avoid confusion with uninstall --format-executable.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4062]
-
-Wed Jul 27 10:47:57 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems:  Update to RubyGems 1.8.6.1.
-
-Wed Jul 27 10:04:06 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* backport r32690 from trunk.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_pkcs12.rb: Add test and intermediate certificates.
-	  [ Ruby 1.9 - Feature #3793 ] [ruby-core:32088]
-
-Sat Jul 27 01:26:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* NEWS: add changes of bigdecimal and bigdecimal/util.
-
-Wed Jul 27 01:13:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/util.rb (Rational#to_d):
-	  zero or negative precision is error.  fixes #5098.
-	  [ruby-dev:44210]
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/util.rb (Float#to_d): modified for
-	  specifying precision.  fixes #5098.  [ruby-dev:44210]
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/util.rb (Integer#to_d): added
-	  for symmetry to BigDecimal() function with an Integer.
-	  fixes #5098.  [ruby-dev:44210]
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/util.rb (BigDecimal#to_d): added
-	  for adapting other Numeric subclasses.  [ruby-dev:44245]
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal_util.rb: add tests for the above
-	  changes.
-
-Wed Jul 27 00:54:38 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (VpDup) a new function for duplicating
-	  a BigDecimal.
-
-	* bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_new): support generating a new
-	  BigDecimal from another BigDecimal using BigDecimal global function
-	  or constructor.  [ruby-dev:44245]
-
-Mon Jul 25 22:24:09 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* backport r32666 from trunk.
-
-	* lib/xmlrpc/client.rb: Fix possible HTTP header formatting failure by
-	  'Basic' header. Long username caused the base64 String truncation in
-	  HTTP header which is not allowed. See #5046.
-
-	* test/xmlrpc/test_webrick_server.rb: test it.
-
-Mon Jul 25 15:36:07 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/{x509.rb,ssl.rb}: Add deprecation warning
-	  for openssl/{x509,ssl} usage. Users should require "openssl" instead
-	  of "openssl/ssl" and "openssl/x509". Start of transition period
-	  introduced by [ruby-dev:38018].
-
-Mon Jul 25 13:50:33 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* backport r32662 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/x509.rb: Cosmetic change: move definition
-	  introduced in r30152 to x509-internal.rb.
-
-Mon Jul 25 13:35:20 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* backport r32658 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_shutdown): Avoid randomly generated
-	  SSLError from SSLSocket just after invoking SSLSocket#close.
-	  OpenSSL's SSL_shutdown could try to send alert packet and it might
-	  set SSLerr(global error stack) as the result. It causes the next
-	  SSL read/write operation to fail by unrelated reason.
-
-	  By design, we're ignoring any error at SSL_shutdown() so we clear
-	  global error stack after SSL_shutdown is called. See #5039.
-
-Sun Jul 24 20:29:53 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: refine the recvmsg test.
-
-Sun Jul 24 20:02:31 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: fix the recvmsg test.
-
-Sun Jul 24 08:42:51 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: test recvmsg allocates file descriptors for
-	  fd passing even with MSG_PEEK.
-
-	* ext/socket/ancdata.c: use the above test result.
-
-Sun Jul 24 01:24:31 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/specification.rb:  Restore behavior of
-	  Gem::Specification#loaded.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5032]
-
-Sun Jul 24 01:14:49 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rake/test_rake_functional.rb (setup): Use __FILE__ for the base
-	  directory. Current directory is not the top source directory when
-	  the building process runs on other than there.
-
-	* test/rake/test_rake_rake_test_loader.rb: ditto.
-
-	* test/rake/test_rake_task_argument_parsing.rb
-	  (test_terminal_width_using_hardcoded_80): hardcoded 80 is used
-	  when app.unix? is false.
-
-Sun Jul 24 00:42:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* configure.in: change the default compiler to gcc-4.2 if target os
-	  is OS X 10.7 (Lion).
-
-Sat Jul 23 17:06:25 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_update_max_fd): validate fd.
-
-	* ext/socket/rubysocket.h (rsock_discard_cmsg_resource): add
-	  msg_peek_p argument for the declaration.
-
-	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (discard_cmsg): add msg_peek_p argument.
-	  assume FreeBSD, NetBSD and MacOS X doesn't generate passed fd
-	  when MSG_PEEK.
-	  (rsock_discard_cmsg_resource): add msg_peek_p argument.
-	  (bsock_recvmsg_internal): call rsock_discard_cmsg_resource with
-	  msg_peek_p argument.
-
-	* ext/socket/unixsocket.c (unix_recv_io): call
-	  rsock_discard_cmsg_resource with msg_peek_p argument.
-
-Sat Jul 23 14:38:28 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* test/rake*: Remove dependencies on flexmock and session gems.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4987]
-
-Fri Jul 22 21:46:54 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_cfunc): added volatile for a workaround
-	  of cfp consistency error problem on OS X 10.7 (Lion). It's
-	  suspected llvm optimization bug.
-	  [Bug #5076] [ruby-dev:44185]
-
-Fri Jul 22 21:50:16 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (WFKV_): unroll the loop of regexp.
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI.decode_www_form_component): ditto.
-
-Fri Jul 22 21:49:48 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enum.c (enum_inject): remove empty line to notify rdoc
-	  Enumerable#reduce is alias. patched by milki@github.
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/26
-
-Fri Jul 22 21:49:28 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/httprequest.rb (WEBrick::HTTPRequest#each):
-	  Allow HTTP/0.9 request which doesn't has any header or body.
-	  patched by Felix Jodoin. [ruby-core:38040] [Bug #5022]
-
-Fri Jul 22 21:45:21 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/dl/handle.c (dlhandle_sym): clear previous error with dlerror()
-	  before calling dlsym(). [ruby-dev:44091] [Bug #5021]
-
-Fri Jul 22 19:05:47 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (rb_enc_symname2_p): get rid of potential out-of-bound
-	  access.
-
-Fri Jul 22 13:55:59 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb:  Net::HTTP#finish is used to manually close
-	  connections.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5045]
-
-Fri Jul 22 13:51:29 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c:  Add examples for Readline.completion_proc=.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5057]
-
-Fri Jul 22 13:20:33 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb (default gems):  Install executables into the fake
-	  gem dir for Gem.bin_path.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4485]
-
-Fri Jul 22 13:03:12 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* backport r32609 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_hmac.c: Revert checking return type of
-	  HMAC_Init_ex as it is not compatible with OpenSSL < 1.0.0.
-
-Fri Jul 22 11:22:20 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* backport r32606 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c: Check return value of EVP_DigestInit_ex.
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_hmac.c: Check return value of HMAC_Init_ex.
-	  Thanks, Jared Jennings, for the patch.
-	  [ Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4944 ] [ruby-core:37670]
-
-Fri Jul 22 09:17:43 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* backport r32604 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_engine.c: Avoid double free of ENGINE reference.
-	* test/openssl/test_engine.rb: Add a test for it.
-	  Thanks to Ippei Obayashi for providing the patch.
-	  [ Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5062 ] [ruby-dev:44173]
-
-Fri Jul 22 06:39:34 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/csv.rb: Do not modify CSV.generate's argument [ruby-core:38356]
-
-Thu Jul 21 20:02:11 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* thread.c (set_trace_func, thread_set_trace_func_m): reset tracing
-	  state when set_trace_func hook is removed.  This is workaround patch
-	  to force to reset tracing state that is broken by continuation call.
-	  a patch from James M. Lawrence.  [Feature #4347] [ruby-core:34998]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_continuation.rb (class TestContinuation): add a test
-	  for above.  a patch from James M. Lawrence.
-
-Thu Jul 21 20:59:59 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/ancdata.c (discard_cmsg): workaround for MacOS X Lion.
-
-
-Thu Jul 21 07:07:57 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* backport r32579, r32581, r32587 by akr and r32588 by kazu.
-
-	r32579:
-
-	* io.c (rb_update_max_fd): new function.
-
-	* internal.h (rb_update_max_fd): declare rb_update_max_fd.
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (rb_thread_create_timer_thread): update max fd when
-	  timer thread pipe is created.
-
-	r32581:
-
-	* io.c (UPDATE_MAXFD): removed.
-
-	r32587:
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_update_max_fd): declaration moved from
-	  internal.h.
-
-	* file.c: ditto.
-
-	* io.c: call rb_update_max_fd for each new fds.
-
-	* process.c: ditto.
-
-	* random.c: ditto.
-
-	* ruby.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/io/console/console.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_bio.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/pty/pty.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/socket/init.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/socket/ancdata.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/socket/unixsocket.c: ditto.
-
-	r32588:
-
-	* io.c (rb_update_max_fd): remove parentheses. they are not in
-	  macro.
-
-Sun Jul 17 08:07:31 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* backport r32563 from trunk
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb: add PEM SSL session without TLS
-	  extensions. Use this as the default for the tests to ensure
-	  compatibility with OpenSSL 0.9.7.
-	  [ Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4961 ] [ruby-core:37726]
-
-Sat Jul 16 17:29:20 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_UNIVERSAL_ARCH): restore arch flag.
-	  Bug #4977
-
-Sat Jul 16 11:18:26 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/setup.mak: support to build x64-mswin64 on Windows7 (and Vista,
-	  perhaps).
-	  backported r32521 from trunk
-
-Sat Jul 16 06:31:23 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (module): Remove optional parser argument to
-	  Kernel#URI
-	  [ruby-core:38061]
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (module): ditto
-
-Sat Jul 16 01:15:53 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* time.c (time_dup): used rb_obj_class() instead of CLASS_OF().
-	  The patch is made by Kazuki Tsujimoto. [Bug #5012] [ruby-dev:44071]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_time.rb (TestTime#test_getlocal_dont_share_eigenclass):
-	  added a new test for eigenclass of time object.
-
-Fri Jul 15 19:11:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* bignum.c (bigsub_int): add RB_GC_GUARD.  This patch is made by
-	  Makoto Kishimoto.  fixes #4223 [ruby-dev:42907]
-
-	* bignum.c (bigadd_int): ditto.
-
-Fri Jul 15 09:59:12 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* backport r32546 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/digest/sha2/sha2.c (SHA256_Update, SHA512_Update): avoid Bus
-	  Error caused by unalignment access on Sparc-Solaris (and possibly on
-	  other similar environment.) This patch just do memcpy always instead
-	  of checking architecture. I see no perf drop on my 64bit env. For
-	  more details, see #4320.
-
-	* test/digest/test_digest.rb: add test for unalignment access.
-
-
-Thu Jul 14 12:40:07 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* backport r32537 from trunk.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl.c (ossl_verify_cb): trap the exception from
-	  verify callback of SSLContext and X509Store and make the
-	  verification fail normally. Raising exception directly from callback
-	  causes orphan resources in OpenSSL stack. Patched by Ippei Obayashi.
-	  See #4445.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb
-	  (test_exception_in_verify_callback_is_ignored): test it.
-
-Wed Jul 13 08:20:08 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb(Test::Unit::Options#process_args): Fix bug.
-	  Fix process_args didn't return `@option` after r30939. Backported
-	  r32526 from trunk.
-
-Mon Jul 11 23:50:39 2011  Yutaka Kanemoto  <kanemoto@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* time.c: can't compile time.c on AIX due to missing declaration for
-	  ffs(). It is declared in strings.h on AIX. backported r32518 from
-	  trunk.
-
-Mon Jul 11 23:47:00 2011  Yutaka Kanemoto  <kanemoto@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (get_stack):  need to adjust stack addr for
-	  [Bug #1813] on AIX. backported r32511 from trunk.
-
-Mon Jul 11 15:17:03 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (rb_num2ull): use FIX2LONG instead of FIX2ULONG. see
-	  rb_num2ulong(). fixed the problem of ObjectSpace._id2ref of IL32LLP64
-	  platforms, introduced at r32433.
-	  backported r32512 from trunk.
-
-Sun Jul 10 23:58:55 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* version.h: 1.9.3 is no longer trunk.
-
-Sun Jul 10 23:24:29 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* class.c (rb_mix_module): reverted r31873.
-	  (check_mix_method_i, do_mix_method_i) reverted r31917.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_module.rb (TestModule#test_mix_const): reverted
-	  r31918.
-
-Sun Jul 10 22:50:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (rmpd_power_by_big_decimal): fix
-	  precision treatment errors.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb: add tests for the above change.
-	  fix precision treatment errors.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_power): precision argument
-	  should be optional for its compatibility.
-
-Sun Jul 10 22:38:09 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (var_ref): distinguish vcall from local variable
-	  references.  based on a patch by Michael Edgar michael.j.edgar
-	  AT dartmouth.edu.  Bug #5002
-
-Sun Jul 10 21:51:29 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* internal.h: add comments (cautions).
-
-Sun Jul 10 20:59:38 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: Add new class variable `@@testfile_prefix`.
-	  This is for changing test name prefix. (For testing)
-
-	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_first.rb: Renamed from
-	  test_first.rb
-
-	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_second.rb: Renamed from
-	  test_second.rb
-
-	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_third.rb: Renamed from
-	  test_third.rb
-
-	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_forth.rb: Renamed from
-	  test_forth.rb
-
-	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/runner.rb: Remove misc.rb
-
-	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_first.rb: ditto.
-
-	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_second.rb: ditto.
-
-	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_third.rb: ditto.
-
-	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_forth.rb: ditto.
-
-	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/misc.rb: Removed because no longer
-	  needed.
-
-	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb: Fix assertions for above.
-
-Sun Jul 10 16:57:08 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_throw): check a class frame.
-	  Fixes Bug #4648.
-	  The patch is contributed by Kazuki Tsujimoto.
-
-	* bootstraptest/test_proc.rb: add tests for above.
-
-Sun Jul 10 17:28:01 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (mutex_debug): use exit(EXIT_FAILURE) instad of
-	  exit(1).
-	* thread_pthread.c (add_signal_thread_list): ditto.
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_call_with_gvl): ditto.
-	* util.c (Bug): ditto.
-
-Sun Jul 10 15:58:12 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/json: Merge json gem 1.5.4+ (f7f78896607b6f6226cd).
-	  [Bug #4700]
-
-Sun Jul 10 16:41:32 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_core.h (typedef struct rb_vm_struct): create a new
-	  'inhibit_thread_creation' field.
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_terminate_all): set inhibit_thread_creation.
-	* thread.c (thread_s_new): don't permit to create new thread
-	  if the VM is under destruction. Otherwise evil finalizer code
-	  can make SEGV. [Bug #4992][ruby-core:37858]
-
-	* bootstraptest/test_objectspace.rb: new test for this fix.
-
-Sun Jul 10 16:06:16 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* signal.c (sigsegv): use abort() instead of exit() when nested
-	  SEGV was happen. Because unnested SEGV use abort().
-	  [Bug #5013][ruby-dev:44078]
-
-Sun Jul 10 15:30:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* load.c (rb_f_autoload): prevent to autoload for singleton
-	  classes.  fixes [Bug #4886] [ruby-dev:43816]
-
-	* bootstraptest/test_autoload.rb: add tests for the above change.
-
-Sun Jul 10 15:09:17 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb: Import documentation patch by Justin
-	  Collins. [ruby-core:37225] [Feature #4903]
-
-Sun Jul 10 14:57:36 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: canonicalizes nth and sf.
-
-Sun Jul 10 14:13:50 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* internal.h (rb_thread_call_with_gvl, rb_thread_call_without_gvl):
-	  make them visible as experimental C APIs.  fixes Feature #4328.
-
-Sun Jul 10 12:18:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_power): support non-integral
-	  exponent.  fixes [Bug #3271]
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (rmpd_power_by_big_decimal): ditto.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_power_op): add a function to
-	  only use for "**" operator.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb: add a bunch of tests for the
-	  above changes.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (is_integer): add an utility function.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (is_negative): ditto.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (is_positive): ditto.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (is_zero): ditto.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (is_one): ditto.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (is_even): ditto.
-
-Sun Jul 10 12:08:39 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* compile.c (when_vals): when a string literal is written on when
-	  clause, skip string creation to make it faster.  [ruby-dev:44068]
-	  [Feature #5000]
-
-Sun Jul 10 11:35:29 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* parse.y (reduce_nodes_gen): NODE_RETURN in rescue body must not be
-	  reduced when there is an else clause.  This caused bizarre behavior
-	  in [Bug #4473] [ruby-core:35629] [ruby-core:37884].
-
-Sun Jul 10 09:46:14 2011  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lnag.org>
-
-	* range.c (range_max): fix behavior with excluded end value.
-	  [Bug #4591]
-
-Sun Jul 10 09:13:18 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* NEWS:  Fix RubyGems version.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5004]
-
-Sat Jul  9 20:01:59 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* internal.h: rb_rational_reciprocal is defined in rational.c.
-
-Sat Jul  9 19:48:31 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* internal.h: added declarations.
-	* complex.c: followed the above change.
-
-Sat Jul  9 17:24:41 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* NEWS: bigdecimal is not a builtin.
-
-Sat Jul  9 17:17:53 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: some improvements for performance.
-
-Sat Jul  9 16:56:01 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* atomic.h (ATOMIC_OR): _InterlockedOr is unavailable in VC6.
-
-	* numeric.c (ULLONG_MAX): fallback definition.
-
-Sat Jul  9 15:59:19 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_{read,write}): should be signed.
-	  Bug #5001
-
-Sat Jul  9 14:02:20 2011  Takeyuki FUJIOKA  <xibbar@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/cgi/core.rb: fix multipart form parsing bug. [Bug #3866]
-
-Sat Jul  9 11:41:03 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Add Vector#normalize [ruby-dev:43829]
-
-Sat Jul  9 09:25:06 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* enumerator.c:  Remove "enumeration sequenced by".
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4757]
-
-Sat Jul  9 09:14:56 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* io.c:  Note that methods other than IO#gets may increase IO#lineno.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4902]
-
-Sat Jul  9 08:39:39 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (RUN_OPT): disable gems.
-
-Sat Jul  9 08:37:05 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_close): close(2) on a fd which is being read by
-	  another thread causes deadlock on Mac OS X 10.5
-
-Fri Jul  8 21:20:39 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c: use USE_ELF instead of __ELF__ because Solaris
-	  doesn't define it. USE_ELF is already provided by configure.
-	  patched by Naohisa Goto. [ruby-dev:44066] [Bug #4998]
-
-	* addr2line.h: ditto.
-
-	* vm_dump.c: ditto.
-
-Fri Jul  8 16:40:38 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/json/parser/parser.rl (convert_encoding): should not modify
-	  the argument.
-
-	* ext/json/parser/parser.rl (convert_encoding): no needs to use
-	  force_encoding.
-
-Fri Jul  8 15:53:31 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* error.c (rb_bug): get rid of segfault after all threads
-	  disposed.
-
-Fri Jul  8 15:01:06 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl.h: include openssl/e_os2.h before checking the
-	  definition of OPENSSL_SYS_WIN32.
-
-Fri Jul  8 14:40:39 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (wunlink): reverted a part of r32426. it was mistakenly
-	  mixed.
-
-Fri Jul  8 14:29:47 2011  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: can't subtract void *.
-
-Fri Jul  8 14:33:26 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (config.h): define GC_MARK_STACKFRAME_WORD.
-	  fixed build problem of r32438.  the value (30) is temporary value.
-	  maybe it's enough by 20~24 according to my observation.
-
-Fri Jul  8 13:47:39 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_mutex_unlock_all): folded into
-	  rb_threadptr_unlock_all_locking_mutexes.
-	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_unlock_all_locking_mutexes) ditto.
-
-Fri Jul  8 13:36:02 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (thread_unlock_all_locking_mutexes): rename to
-	  rb_threadptr_unlock_all_locking_mutexes and remove static.
-	* vm_core.h: add rb_threadptr_unlock_all_locking_mutexes declaration.
-	* thread.c (thread_start_func_2): adjust the above rename.
-
-	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): call rb_threadptr_unlock_all_locking_mutexes
-	  again after finalizer. [Bug #4988] [ruby-dev:44049]
-
-Fri Jul  8 13:06:09 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* cont.c (FIBER_MACHINE_STACK_ALLOCATION_SIZE): Fiber stack size
-	  don't need to keep multiple number of sizeof(VALUE).
-
-Fri Jul  8 11:39:12 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (sudo-precheck): true command is not standard on
-	  Windows.
-
-Fri Jul  8 10:39:52 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (gvl_destroy): fix cond_t leak.
-
-Fri Jul  8 09:17:59 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* gc.c:  Improve documentation
-
-Thu Jul  7 23:35:31 2011  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c: change water_mark value that may call
-	  gc_mark(lev <= GC_LEVEL_MAX) in gc_mark().
-	  In ruby_stack_check(), water_mark is a value that may call some
-	  C function. Fixes Bug #3781
-
-	* configure.in: define GC_MARK_STACKFRAME_WORD that approximate
-	  size of gc_mark() and gc_mark_children() stackframes.
-
-Thu Jul  7 17:55:05 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb (TestParallelWorker#teardown): wait
-	  the child process even if the communication pipe is broken.
-
-Thu Jul  7 15:44:42 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* encoding.c (rb_enc_set_index, rb_enc_associate_index): should
-	  check if frozen.
-
-	* parse.y (rb_intern3), ruby.c (process_options, ruby_script):
-	  defer freezing after associating encodings.
-
-Thu Jul  7 15:16:51 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (rb_num2ull): use own switch sentence.
-	  Current implementation can't convert 18446744073709551615.
-
-Thu Jul  7 06:56:15 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* cont.c (FIBER_STACK_FLAGS): workaround fix for r32420 on FreeBSD.
-
-Thu Jul  7 06:46:12 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* benchmark/driver.rb:  Add difference column to report that averages
-	  across all runs of a benchmark.  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4982]
-
-Thu Jul  7 06:19:38 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems.rb:  Reduce requires to improve `make benchmark`.
-	  [#4962]
-	* lib/rubygems/specification.rb:  Delay initialization of rubygems
-	  until require is called.
-
-Thu Jul  7 04:31:26 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (arg): rescue_mod is in inverse order from other
-	  modifiers.  patched by michael.j.edgar AT dartmouth.edu at
-	  [ruby-core:36248].  fixed #4716.
-
-Thu Jul  7 00:40:16 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (kill): check that the process exited or not before
-	  terminating it. [Bug #4943]
-
-Wed Jul  6 23:13:19 2011  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (opt_call_args): allow trailing comma after assoc
-	  argument e.g. 'foo(bar:1,)'.  fixed #3456
-
-Wed Jul  6 22:11:12 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* test/cgi/test_cgi_header.rb(test_cgi_header_nph): Validate date in
-	  "Date:" header
-
-Wed Jul  6 21:29:33 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* cont.c (fiber_machine_stack_alloc): cleanup pointer arithmetic.
-	  "size/sizeof(VALUE)" is ugly and easy confusing.
-	* cont.c (fiber_initialize_machine_stack_context): ditto.
-
-Wed Jul  6 21:24:53 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* cont.c (fiber_machine_stack_alloc): fix mprotect misuse. A stack
-	  guard page should have PROT_NONE.
-	* cont.c (fiber_initialize_machine_stack_context):
-	  th->machine_stack_maxsize shouldn't be included guard pages size.
-	  [Bug #4983][ruby-dev:44043]
-
-Wed Jul  6 21:23:38 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* cont.c (fiber_machine_stack_alloc): use MAP_STACK if it's provided.
-
-Wed Jul  6 21:22:16 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* cont.c (fiber_machine_stack_alloc): use MAP_FAILED instead of -1.
-
-Wed Jul  6 21:21:05 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* cont.c (fiber_machine_stack_alloc): remove unnecessary cast.
-
-Wed Jul  6 18:10:13 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* test/cgi/test_cgi_header.rb(test_cgi_header_nph): Adding space after
-	  comma.
-
-	* test/cgi/test_cgi_header.rb(test_cgi_header_nph): Remove variable
-	  `now`. Suppress warning.
-
-Wed Jul  6 12:18:09 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* test/cgi/test_cgi_header.rb(test_cgi_header_nph): Fix bug depends to
-	  time. The test fails if time past 1 second in line 136-145
-
-Tue Jul  5 15:28:04 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_here_document): should dispatch heredoc_end
-	  scanner event on an empty here document.  fixed Bug#4543.
-
-Tue Jul  5 13:49:26 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* addr2line.c: fix r32407 to check HAVE_ALLOCA_H.
-
-Tue Jul  5 14:05:43 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/httpauth/digestauth.rb (_authenticate):
-	  Literal texts in HTTP ABNF is case-insensitive (RFC2616 2.1),
-	  and a sample implementation in RFC2617 also ignores the case
-	  of algorithms. So now this ignores those cases.
-	  [ruby-dev:43965] [Feature #4936]
-
-	* lib/webrick/httpauth/digestauth.rb (initialize):
-	  Because of above, opera_hack is useless and removed.
-
-Tue Jul  5 01:30:01 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_sleep): cut the waiting time up to
-	  100,000,000 because Solaris cond_timedwait() return EINVAL if an
-	  argument is greater than current_time + 100,000,000.  This is
-	  considered as a kind of spurious wakeup.  The caller to native_sleep
-	  should care about spurious wakeup.
-
-Tue Jul  5 01:24:26 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* cont.c: disable FIBER_USE_NATIVE on Solaris because resuming any
-	  Fiber caused SEGV.  I haven't follow up the issue deeply, but it
-	  works when disabling the feature.
-
-Tue Jul  5 01:22:46 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* addr2line.c: include <alloca.h> to fix a build issue on Solaris.
-
-Tue Jul  5 00:49:05 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/coverage/coverage.c: resurrect r32071 + add GC guard for
-	  rb_coverages. [ruby-core:37352] [Bug #4927]
-	  [ruby-core:36539] [Feature #4796]
-
-	* test/coverage/test_coverage.rb resurrect r32071.
-
-Mon Jul  4 22:24:46 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (get_stack): For NetBSD/FreeBSD, use
-	  pthread_attr_getstack() if possible. and, remove an assumption
-	  of stack growing direction.
-
-Mon Jul  4 20:42:31 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/coverage/coverage.c: revert r32071.  The commit caused SEGV on
-	  some minor nonfree OS.  I have no means of debugging the bug.  My
-	  personal opinion is that such OS should be unsupported unless there
-	  is an active maintainer.  [ruby-core:37352]
-
-	* test/coverage/test_coverage.rb: ditto.
-
-Mon Jul  4 07:14:12 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (get_stack): the return address of get_stack
-	  must be the highest address of the current thread's stack.
-
-Mon Jul  4 06:37:22 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h, thread_pthread.c (rb_reserved_fd_p,
-	  RB_RESERVED_FD_P): added.  This C API is to limit to access
-	  fds which are used by RubyVM internal.  In this version of
-	  CRuby, return 1 if fd is communication pipe.
-	  If your application needs to close all file descriptors to
-	  present resource leak, skip internal fds using this C API.
-	  We also define a macro RB_RESERVED_FD_P(fd).  So you can write
-	    #ifndef RB_RESERVED_FD_P
-	    #define RB_RESERVED_FD_P(fd) 0
-	    #endif
-	  for Ruby 1.9.2 or previous version to write compatible extensions.
-	  See [ruby-core:37727]
-
-	* thread_win32.c (rb_reserved_fd_p): added (return 0 for any fds).
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_initialize): raise ArgumentError if given fd is reserved by Ruby.
-
-Sun Jul  3 23:43:56 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* ext/extmk.rb (extmake): suppresses outputs from extconf.rb.
-	  (extmake) warns a failure in extconf.rb.
-
-Sun Jul  3 13:44:51 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (ary_reject_bang): should not remove elements which are
-	  not yielded.  [Bug #2545]
-
-Sun Jul  3 06:10:26 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (get_stack): pthread_attr_getstack() doesn't
-	  return stack start address, but stack base address. Thus,
-	  we need to add stack size for getting stack start address.
-	  And, we don't have to decrease guard size twice.
-	* thread_pthread.c (thread_start_func_1): don't use inaccurate
-	  stack start guess if native_thread_init_stack() can be used.
-	  [Bug #1813] [ruby-core:24540]
-
-Sun Jul  3 04:50:08 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (get_stack): add to a care of guard page on Mac
-	  OS X. [Bug #1813] [ruby-core:24540]
-	* signal.c (ruby_signal): SIGBUS use alternative stack too.
-	* signal.c (sigbus): On Mac, thread stack overflow makes SIGBUS
-	  instead of SIGSEGV. thus, added stackoverflow check.
-	* signal.c (default_handler): get rid of compilation warning.
-	* signal.c (Init_signal): ditto.
-
-Sat Jul 02 08:59:20 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ocsp.rb
-	* test/openssl/test_x509_cert.rb: Perform SHA-256 tests only if
-	  supported by the available OpenSSL version. Versions < 0.9.8 don't
-	  support it. [ruby-core:37724]
-
-Sat Jul  2 07:17:45 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_reject_bang, rb_ary_delete_if): rejected
-	  elements should be removed.  fixed [Bug #2545]
-
-Sat Jul  2 01:57:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* NEWS: remove a description of Kernel#respond_to? because it has
-	  been reverted at revision 28564.
-
-Sat Jul  2 00:58:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* NEWS: describe a change of multiplication of Bignum.
-
-Fri Jul  1 18:52:31 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_app_erb.rb: increase loop count. too short
-	  measurement time makes less accuracy.
-	* benchmark/bm_app_factorial.rb: ditto.
-	* benchmark/bm_app_mandelbrot.rb: ditto.
-	* benchmark/bm_app_strconcat.rb: ditto.
-
-	* benchmark/bm_io_file_create.rb: ditto.
-	* benchmark/bm_io_file_read.rb: ditto.
-	* benchmark/bm_io_file_write.rb: ditto.
-
-	* benchmark/bm_so_concatenate.rb: ditto.
-	* benchmark/bm_so_lists.rb: ditto.
-	* benchmark/bm_so_matrix.rb: ditto.
-	* benchmark/bm_so_random.rb: ditto.
-	* benchmark/bm_so_sieve.rb: ditto.
-
-	* benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex1.rb: ditto.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex2.rb: ditto.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex3.rb: ditto.
-
-	* benchmark/bm_vm1_block.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm1_const.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm1_ensure.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm1_ivar.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm1_length.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm1_neq.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm1_not.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm1_rescue.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm1_simplereturn.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm1_swap.rb: cleanup.
-
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_array.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_case.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_defined_method.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_eval.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_method.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_mutex.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_poly_method.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_poly_method_ov.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_proc.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_regexp.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_send.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_super.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_unif1.rb: cleanup.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_zsuper.rb: cleanup.
-
-	* benchmark/bm_vm_thread_alive_check1.rb: cleanup.
-
-Fri Jul  1 15:23:00 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix: Add LUP decomposition
-
-Fri Jul  1 15:21:14 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Allow non integer exponents for Matrix#**
-
-Fri Jul  1 15:13:25 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix: Add Eigenvalue Decomposition
-
-Fri Jul  1 15:10:22 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix: Add Matrix#round
-
-Fri Jul  1 11:41:12 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (tr_trans): free heap ptr when the str is not embedded.
-	  patched by Eric Wong. [Bug #4956] [ruby-core:37708]
-
-Fri Jul  1 11:07:43 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (do_select): fix memory leak.
-	  Patch by Eric Wong. Thank you! [Bug #4953] [ruby-core:37702]
-
-Fri Jul  1 08:21:28 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_getivar): check vm state version
-	  to invalidate inline cache (ivar index).
-	  fixes Bug #4926.
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_setivar): ditto.
-
-Fri Jul  1 08:03:15 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* error.c, thread_pthread.c (WRITE_CONST): suppress warnings
-	  `ignoring return value'.
-
-Fri Jul  1 06:41:36 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_check_signal): only wake up main thread.
-
-	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts_common): check signal
-	  delivery if it is main thread.
-	  fixes [ruby-dev:44005] [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4950]
-
-	* bootstraptest/test_fork.rb: add a test for above.
-
-	* signal.c (rb_get_next_signal): skip if signal_buff is empty.
-	  (check signal_buff.size first)
-
-	* vm_core.h: remove unused variable rb_thread_t::exec_signal.
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_check_trap_pending): check
-	  rb_signal_buff_size() because rb_thread_t::exec_signal
-	  is no longer available.
-
-Fri Jul  1 03:28:25 2011  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* class.c (Init_class_hierarchy): should name BasicObject
-	  explicitly.
-
-	* variable.c (rb_const_defined_0): should not check for
-	  superclasses as const_get.
-
-Fri Jul  1 03:24:03 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: mathn is still alive (should die soon).
-
-Thu Jun 30 23:50:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-indent-beg-re): Fix broken regular
-	  expression.  Fixes #4546
-
-Thu Jun 30 23:43:30 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl.c/.h: Added ossl_x509_name_sk2ary.
-	* ext/openssl/ossl.c: Replaced ossl_x509_ary2k by generic macro to
-	  simplify future conversions.
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: Implement SSLSocket#client_ca.
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Add test for SSLSocket#client_ca.
-	  Thanks to Ippei Obayashi for providing the patch!
-	  [ Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4481 ] [ruby-core:35461]
-
-Thu Jun 30 22:38:58 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_vm2_defined_method.rb: added to measure performance of
-	  bmethod (method defined by define_method()).
-
-Thu Jun 30 22:17:04 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_bmethod): fix to hook call/return event
-	  for methods defined by define_method().  fixes Bug #4613.
-
-	* thread.c (call_trace_proc): Fix to skip if class is not given (0).
-	  Note that ID and Class object are passed for call/return event
-	  if the called method was defined by define_method().
-	  If you are author of tracer/profiler/debugger, this may be an
-	  important change.  You should check passed class as zero or
-	  non-zero instead of checking the event type.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test for above.
-
-Thu Jun 30 21:18:35 2011  Yutaka Kanemoto  <kanemoto@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: Add warnflags for XL/C on AIX during configure
-	  to avoid [Bug #3971]. See [ruby-core:32859]
-
-Thu Jun 30 21:16:04 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (m_ajd): refers a constant.
-
-Thu Jun 30 20:54:25 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	  * ext/io/console/io-console.gemspec: spin-off gem for 1.9.2.
-
-Thu Jun 30 20:36:23 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: trivial changes.
-
-Thu Jun 30 20:12:36 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: tests for [Bug #3422] and [Bug #3423].
-
-Thu Jun 30 20:03:39 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: modified doc.
-
-Thu Jun 30 19:09:19 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (thread_timer): ignore unknown errno.
-	  (we observed that select(2) was canceled by errno=514 on
-	  boron == Linux/Xen environment)
-
-Thu Jun 30 17:33:25 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (ObjectSpace.count_tdata_objects):
-	  Fix rdoc.  Fixes Bug #3892.
-
-	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (ObjectSpace.count_tdata_objects):
-	  Change key type if the klass of a object is zero (internal object).
-	  Read rdoc for details.
-
-	* internal.h: export rb_objspace_data_type_name().
-
-Thu Jun 30 17:25:08 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (ping_signal_thread_list, thread_timer):
-	  fix to keep polling state if there are any ping-tasks.
-
-Thu Jun 30 12:25:34 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (rb_thread_create_timer_thread): allocate
-	  machine stack for the timer thread at least 12KB.  FreeBSD 8.2
-	  AMD64 causes machine stack overflow (SIGSEGV) only with
-	  PTHREAD_STACK_MIN (maybe defined as 2KB).
-
-Thu Jun 30 09:36:37 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/weakref.rb:  Attach documentation to WeakRef and add missing
-	  documentation
-
-Thu Jun 30 09:30:14 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/yaml.rb:  Document toplevel YAML and YAML::ENGINE to describe
-	  Psych vs Syck engines.
-
-Thu Jun 30 09:21:52 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/cmath.rb:  Hide handle_no_method_error from RDoc.
-	* error.c:  Document or hide undocumented error classes.
-
-Thu Jun 30 07:49:04 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* hash.c:  Document ENV
-
-Thu Jun 30 06:37:43 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ruby.c (ruby_init_loadpath_safe): ensure RUBYLIB_PREFIX stored
-	  before RUBYLIB, even if MANGLED_PATH is enabled.  fixed #1679.
-	  MANGLED_PATH is disabled by the default and will be removed
-	  completely in the future.
-
-Thu Jun 30 06:32:21 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/drb/drb.rb:  Hide deprecated toplevel DRb constants.
-
-Thu Jun 30 06:17:02 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/cmath.rb (CMath.log): second argument: b can be nil.
-
-Thu Jun 30 06:23:28 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* thread.c (ruby_thread_s_pass):  Fix typo.
-
-Thu Jun 30 06:16:53 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rdoc:  Update to RDoc 3.8 which contains fixes for documentation
-	  in trunk.
-
-Thu Jun 30 02:53:26 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts_common): remove
-	  meaningless native_thread_yield(). It never close a race.
-
-Thu Jun 30 02:41:47 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_schedule_limits): minor optimization.
-	  eliminate machine context saving when running time is enough small.
-
-Thu Jun 30 02:28:11 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_schedule_rec): move interrupt_flag check to
-	  rb_thread_schedule().
-	  And also rename to rb_thread_schedule_limits() and remove
-	  sched_depth argument. It's no longer called recursive.
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_schedule): add to check interrupt_flag as
-	  above explained.
-
-	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts_rec): rename to
-	  rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts_common() and remove sched_depth
-	  argument. It's no longer called recursive.
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_sleep): adapt the renaming.
-	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts): ditto.
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_execute_interrupts): ditto.
-
-Thu Jun 30 01:31:33 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (thread_s_pass): change RDoc description and remove
-	  a sample code. The actual implementation never behave as explained by
-	  an example. It's a documentation bug.
-
-Thu Jun 30 00:54:33 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_stop): change RDoc sample code. The old
-	  example is buggy and may cause deadlock. The patch is
-	  suggested by Heesob Park <phasis@gmail.com>. Thank you!
-	  [Bug #3606][ruby-core:31454]
-
-Thu Jun 30 00:49:53 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_wakeup): change RDoc sample code. The old
-	  example is buggy and may not display anything by a race.
-	  The patch is suggested by Heesob Park <phasis@gmail.com>.
-	  Thank you! [Bug #3606][ruby-core:31454]
-
-Thu Jun 30 00:43:33 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_run): change RDoc. The old example is buggy
-	  and may cause deadlock. The patch is suggested by Heesob Park
-	  <phasis@gmail.com>. Thank you! [Bug #3606][ruby-core:31454]
-
-Thu Jun 30 00:30:15 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
-
-	* lib/cmath.rb: make same exception for Math. fix [Bug #3137].
-
-Thu Jun 30 00:03:20 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
-
-	* lib/irb/completion.rb: complement correctly string literal. fix
-	  [Bug #1145].
-
-Wed Jun 29 23:42:51 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: avoided using timev.
-	* ext/date/date_strftime.c: ditto.
-	* ext/date/date_tmx.h: ditto.
-
-Wed Jun 29 23:17:57 2011  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl.h (OPENSSL_SYS_WIN32): support for mingw(msys).
-
-Wed Jun 29 23:09:14 2011  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/tk/extconf.rb (intptr_t, uintptr_t): support for the latest ActiveTcl with mingw.
-
-Wed Jun 29 22:49:10 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
-
-	* lib/irb/cmd/help.rb: support RDoc 3.7. fix [Bug #3760].
-
-Wed Jun 29 22:04:14 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/tracer.rb: Tracer.on only if required by -r command-line option.
-	  and consider --disable-gems option.
-	* test/test_tracer.rb: add tests for it.
-
-Wed Jun 29 13:55:36 2011  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* variable.c (rb_const_get_0): should not look for superclasses if
-	  the second optional argument is given for #const_get().
-	  fix [Bug #3422] [Bug #3423]
-
-Wed Jun 29 12:07:27 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* math.c:  Attach documentation for Math.
-	* object.c:  Document NIL, TRUE, FALSE.
-	* io.c:  Improve grammar in ARGF comment.  Document STDIN/OUT/ERR.
-	  Document ARGF global constant.
-	* lib/rake:  Hide deprecated toplevel constants from RDoc (import from
-	  rake trunk).
-	* lib/thwait.rb:  Document ThWait.
-	* lib/mathn.rb:  Hide Math redefinition from RDoc
-	* lib/sync.rb:  Add a basic comment for Sync_m, Synchronizer_m, Sync,
-	  Synchronizer.
-	* parse.y:  Document SCRIPT_LINES__.
-	* hash.c:  Document ENV class and global constant.
-	* vm.c:  Document TOPLEVEL_BINDING.
-	* version.c:  Document RUBY_* constants.
-	* ruby.c:  Document DATA and ARGV.
-
-Wed Jun 29 10:13:12 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Matrix.zero can build rectangular matrices.
-	  Vector#r should be called #magnitude
-
-Wed Jun 29 10:11:08 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Add Matrix#diagonal?, hermitian?, normal?,
-	  orthogonal?
-	  permutation?, symmetric?, {lower|upper}triangular?, unitary?, zero?
-
-Wed Jun 29 10:09:35 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Specialize Matrix#find_index to return [row, col]
-	  and accept the same optional argument as #each
-
-Wed Jun 29 10:07:32 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb: Matrix#each{_with_index} can iterate over a subset
-	  of the Matrix
-
-Wed Jun 29 06:21:02 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_stop_timer_thread): skip to close
-	  communication pipe to avoid timing bug (process termination timing).
-	  The communication pipe will closed by OS.
-
-Wed Jun 29 06:09:54 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* error.c (rb_async_bug_errno): async-safe bug report function.
-	  In timer thread, signal handler should use it.
-	  The patch is contributed by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>.
-	  Refs: [ruby-core:37644] and [ruby-core:37647]
-
-	* thread_pthread.c: use rb_async_bug_errno().
-	  And replace all fprintf() to write().
-
-	* internal.h (rb_async_bug_errno): add decl. of above func.
-
-Tue Jun 28 23:46:08 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
-
-	* lib/tracer.rb: count only non-internal libraries in stack trace,
-	  ignoring custom_require.
-
-Tue Jun 28 21:44:58 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
-
-	* lib/irb/ruby-lex.rb: recognize '\char' in ruby statement.
-
-Tue Jun 28 20:39:29 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/debug.rb (var_list): Command 'var *' did not work on 1.9(!).
-	  global_variables, local_variables, and instance_variables returns
-	  Symbols from 1.9 and need to stringify before evaling it.
-	  See #4931.
-
-Tue Jun 28 19:23:01 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* signal.c: Now, USE_TRAP_SIGMASK depend on HAVE_PTHREAD_SIGMASK.
-	  The code have already depended on pthread_sigmask since r27464.
-
-Tue Jun 28 15:09:21 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/benchmark.rb: merge eregon/benchmark.
-	  https://github.com/eregon/ruby/tree/benchmark
-	  patched by Benoit Daloze. [ruby-core:37593] [Bug #4940]
-
-	* lib/benchmark (Benchmark#bmbm): bmbm should be consistent with bm
-	  for the return value.
-
-	* test/benchmark: remove preemptive test instead of skipping
-	  I removed the preemptive test I wrote for Feature #4197.
-	  I'll add it back when the implementation will be able to satisfy it.
-
-	* lib/benchmark (Benchmark#bmbm): remove useless explicit call,
-	  #format is an alias of #to_s test/benchmark: add a test for
-	  format of long time.
-
-	* lib/benchmark: fix label width: always add 1 to ensure there is a
-	  space delimiter even with times over 100s
-	  When I asked for Feature #4197, I wanted to make delimiting spaces
-	  consistent for #bm and #bmbm.
-	  But with times over 100s, the output contains no space between the
-	  label and the first time (user).
-	  Now both ensure there is always a space, even if that means 3 spaces
-	  with times under 10s (because it is formatted as %10.6f)
-
-	* test/benchmark: let labels be a constant
-	  lib/benchmark (Benchmark#realtime): avoid creating an unused Proc
-	  lib/benchmark (Benchmark#benchmark): use ensure clause to restore
-	  STDOUT.sync, as in #bmbm
-
-Tue Jun 28 13:41:51 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_win32.c (native_stop_timer_thread): fixed commit miss of
-	  r32244.  grep sources before changing the signature of a function.
-
-Tue Jun 28 11:49:14 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (consume_communication_pipe):
-	  Make "buff" as static.  (Maybe) "buff" can be shared between
-	  any caller (any threads) because no one use the read values.
-	  "buff" (1024 byte) on stack may cause stack overflow on
-	  several environment (we found a crash on FreeBSD).
-	  And remove const value "buff_size", and define CCP_READ_BUFF_SIZE
-	  macro.
-
-Tue Jun 28 11:45:30 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rake:  Update rake to fix some bugs and hide deprecated features
-	  from RDoc.
-	* lib/rake/version.rb:  Bump version to 0.9.2.1 to distinguish it from
-	  the released version.
-	* NEWS:  ditto
-
-Tue Jun 28 11:17:28 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rdoc:  Update to RDoc 3.7 (final)
-	* NEWS:  ditto
-
-Tue Jun 28 10:18:42 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c (rb_daemon): fix wrong #endif position.
-
-Tue Jun 28 07:50:32 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* object.c (Init_Object):  Teach RDoc what Init_class_hierarchy does to
-	  hook up ri for BasicObject, Object, Module and Class.
-
-Tue Jun 28 05:03:32 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_local_aref): RDoc fix. Thread#[] example
-	  had a race. See #4480.
-
-Tue Jun 28 01:22:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigMath_s_log): move BigMath.log from
-	  bigdecimal/math.rb.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/math.rb: ditto.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb: move test for BigMath.log from
-	  test/bigdecimal/test_bigmath.rb.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigmath.rb: ditto.
-
-Tue Jun 28 01:19:52 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
-
-	* lib/irb/ruby-lex.rb: fix [Bug #4232].
-
-Tue Jun 28 00:14:13 2011  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* lib/drb/drb.rb: fix [Bug #4409]. add DRbServer#here?.
-
-	* test/drb/test_drb.rb: ditto.
-
-	* test/drb/drbtest.rb: ditto.
-
-	* test/drb/ut_eq.rb: ditto.
-
-Tue Jun 28 00:08:43 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
-
-	* lib/irb/workspace.rb: fix BUG#4793.
-
-Mon Jun 27 22:06:12 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (consume_communication_pipe): don't use C99
-	  style variable length array.
-
-Mon Jun 27 22:04:27 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (consume_communication_pipe): change return
-	  type to void. caller doesn't use it.
-
-Mon Jun 27 21:29:50 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.h (rb_global_vm_lock_struct): add volatile to
-	  gvl->waiting. now thread_timer() access it w/o lock.
-
-Mon Jun 27 21:16:11 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c: s/__gvl_acquire/gvl_acquire_common/ and
-	  s/__gvl_release/gvl_release_common/.
-
-Mon Jun 27 11:41:47 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (rb_thread_create_timer_thread):
-	  the type of return value of write(2) is ssize_t.
-
-Mon Jun 27 09:57:02 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (rb_thread_create_timer_thread):
-	  Fixes missing initialization of oflags.
-
-Mon Jun 27 09:07:42 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c: Stop polling in the timer thread when there are
-	  no waiting thread.  If there are 2 or more runnable threads,
-	  the timer thread does polling.  Avoid polling makes power save
-	  for several computers (0.2W per a Ruby process, when I measured).
-	  If outside-event such as signal or Thread#kill was occurred
-	  when the timer thread does not do polling, then wake-up
-	  the timer thread using communication-pipe (the timer thread
-	  waits this communication-pipe with select(2)).
-	  The discussion about this modification can be found from the post
-	  [ruby-core:33456] and other related posts.
-	  Note that Eric Wong and KOSAKI Motohiro give us the huge
-	  contributions for this modification.  Thanks.
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (rb_thread_wakeup_timer_thread): add a function.
-	  This function wakes up the timer thread using communication-pipe.
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_stop_timer_thread): add a parameter which
-	  specify closing communication-pipe or not.
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_terminate_all): do not stop timer thread here
-	  (ruby_cleanup() terminate timer thread).
-
-	* signal.c: wake up timer thread using
-	  rb_thread_wakeup_timer_thread() from signal handler.
-
-	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): use rb_thread_stop_timer_thread(1).
-
-	* process.c: use rb_thread_stop_timer_thread(0)
-	  (reuse communication-pipe).
-
-	* thread_win32.c (rb_thread_wakeup_timer_thread): add a dummy
-	  function.
-
-	* vm_core.h: add and fix decl. of functions.
-
-Mon Jun 27 08:01:19 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_parse.c: should use ALLOCA_N.
-
-Mon Jun 27 01:34:18 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/etc/test_etc.rb (TestEtc#test_get{pw,gr}nam): skip entries
-	  start with + sign, which means NIS.  these are returned in the
-	  case that passwd and group entries in /etc/nsswitch.conf are set
-	  to use "nis" explicitly on Debian.  fixed #3683
-
-Mon Jun 27 00:44:53 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (rb_parser_end_seen_p): fix documentation about return
-	  value. patched by Sho Hashimoto. [Bug #4511]
-
-Mon Jun 27 00:40:47 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_reject): add documentation that Hash#reject
-	  without block returns enumerator.
-	  patched by Michael Edgar [Bug #4847] [ruby-core:36800]
-
-Sun Jun 26 23:49:21 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* test/date/test_switch_hitter.rb: added a test.
-
- Sun Jun 26 22:21:23 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: refactoring.
-
-Sun Jun 26 18:03:30 2011  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y: comma at the end of line is no longer allowed.
-	  A patch from Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz AT ruby-lang.org>.
-	  (fixed #3456).
-
-Sun Jun 26 13:35:35 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): change CrashReporter suggestion messages
-	  on Mac. It should be placed after "-- C level backtrace" line.
-	  Suggested by Endoh-san.
-
-	  <before>
-	  -- See Crash Report log file under ~/Library/Logs/CrashReporter or ---------
-	  -- /Library/Logs/CrashReporter, for the more detail of ---------------------
-	  -- C level backtrace information -------------------------------------------
-
-	<after>
-	  -- C level backtrace information -------------------------------------------
-
-	     See Crash Report log file under ~/Library/Logs/CrashReporter or
-	     /Library/Logs/CrashReporter, for the more detail of.
-
-Sun Jun 26 10:08:28 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_missing.h/.c: add ASN1_put_eoc if missing.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: introduce ossl_asn1_object_size and
-	  ossl_asn1_put_object to wrap functionality depending on OpenSSL
-	  version in use.
-	  Fixes	[ Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4916 ] reported by Hiroshi Nakamura.
-	  [ruby-core:37286]
-
-Sun Jun 26 01:00:15 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (date_strftime_internal): removed meaningless braces.
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (gengo): the value should be int.
-
-Sat Jun 25 23:45:30 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_superclass): avoid control frame
-	  stack overrun. currently super() in Proc created in a method
-	  defined by Module#define_method raise NoMethodError. [Bug #4881]
-	* test/ruby/test_method.rb t_super_in_proc_from_define_method):
-	  add test for it.
-
-Sat Jun 25 23:23:14 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (sleep_forever): now Kernel#sleep don't wakeup by
-	  signal handler execution. [Bug #4072]
-
-Sat Jun 25 23:14:47 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_check_signal): remove unnecessary th->status
-	  backup. fix race condition which may results unexpected main thread's
-	  status transition. see #4072
-
-Fri Jun 24 19:57:30 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/httprequest.rb (setup_forwarded_info): Parsing request
-	  header failed when the request is from 2 or more Apache reverse
-	  proxies. It's said that all X-Forwarded-* headers will contain more
-	  than one (comma-separated) value if the original request already
-	  contained one of these headers.  Since we could use these values as
-	  Host header, we choose the initial(first) value. See #4922.
-
-	* test/webrick/test_httprequest.rb (test_forwarded): Test it.
-
-Fri Jun 24 17:06:33 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c (proc_daemon): should not start timer thread
-	  twice.  fixed Bug#4920.
-
-Fri Jun 24 15:54:14 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_shutdown): Try to shutdown SSL
-	  connection more gracefully. Call SSL_shutdown() max 4 times until it
-	  returns 1 (success). Bi-directional SSL close has several states but
-	  SSL_shutdown() kicks only 1 transition per call. Max 4 is from
-	  mod_ssl.c of Apache httpd that says 'max 2x pending + 2x data = 4'.
-	  See #4237.
-
-Fri Jun 24 07:24:37 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rake/version.rb:  Fixed VERSION to work with tool/rbinstall.rb
-	* bin/rake:  Import bin/rake from 0.9.2
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb (install):  Rake::VERSION is now in
-	  lib/rake/version.rb.  Fixes `make install`
-
-Fri Jun 24 07:11:37 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rake: Import Rake 0.9.2
-
-Fri Jun 24 00:44:15 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (c_valid_{julian,gregorian}_p): fixed the range of month.
-
-Fri Jun 24 00:14:23 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: trivial changes on text.
-
-Thu Jun 23 22:46:57 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c: Add X509::Name#hash_old as a wrapper
-	  for X509_NAME_hash_old in OpenSSL 1.0.0. See #4805
-
-	* test/openssl/test_x509name.rb (test_hash): Make test pass with
-	  OpenSSL 1.0.0.
-
-	* NEWS: Add it.
-
-Thu Jun 23 19:30:53 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c (ossl_ssl_session_set_time): Check
-	  argument type with NUM2LONG if the arg is not a Time object.
-	  See #4919.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c (ossl_ssl_session_set_timeout): Check
-	  type with NUM2LONG. Time as an arg is not allowed. See #4919.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb (test_session_time,
-	  test_session_timeout): Test it.
-
-Wed Jun 23 13:30:30 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* signal.c(ruby_atomic_exchange): Fix definition style.
-
-Wed Jun 22 22:34:05 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_sslctx_session_new_cb): Return 0 to
-	  OpenSSL from the callback for SSL_CTX_sess_set_get_cb().
-	  Returning 0 means to OpenSSL that the session is still valid
-	  (since we created Ruby Session object) and was not freed by us with
-	  SSL_SESSION_free(). Call SSLContext#remove_session(sess) in
-	  session_get_cb block if you don't want OpenSSL to cache the session
-	  internally.
-	  This potential issue was pointed by Ippei Obayashi. See #4416.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb (test_ctx_server_session_cb): Test
-	  it.
-
-Wed Jun 22 22:21:17 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c: Respect T_BIGNUM time values. Patch by
-	  Tomoyuki Chikanaga.
-	  [ Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4919 ] [ruby-dev:43869]
-
-Wed Jun 22 21:29:25 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/socket/depend (SOCK_HEADERS): use $(top_srcdir) instead of
-	  $(topdir). sorry!
-
-Wed Jun 22 19:47:03 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* cont.c (cont_capture): add volatile.
-	  On clang -O, it is needed to avoid the optimization.
-	  With this and llvm/clang's recent fix, clang 3.0 can
-	  build ruby-trunk with -O option.
-
-	* cont.c (cont_capture): use for-loop.
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_each): add volatile and use it.
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_cfunc): ditto.
-
-Wed Jun 22 18:20:46 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_sslctx_session_remove_cb):
-	  OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#session_remove_cb was broken. It wrongly
-	  tried to call the session_*new*_cb callback.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb (class OpenSSL): Test it.
-
-Wed Jun 22 17:37:49 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl.h: Introduced OSSL_BIO_reset macro for PEM/DER
-	  fallback scenarios.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509req.c
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509crl.c
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c: Use OSSL_BIO_reset.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12.c
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c: Replace rb_raise occurrences by
-	  ossl_raise. This automatically flushes OpenSSL's error queue.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c: Raise error if DER fallback for parsing
-	  fails.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_pkey_ec.rb
-	* test/openssl/test_pkey_dsa.rb
-	* test/openssl/test_pkey_rsa.rb: Add assertions that OpenSSL.errors is
-	  empty.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_pkey_rsa.rb: Remove initial OpenSSL.errors call in
-	  test_new.
-	  [ Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4885 ] [ruby-core:37134]
-
-Wed Jun 22 15:01:24 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: Use SSL_MODE_RELEASE_BUFFERS if available.
-	  Thanks, Eric Wong, for providing the patch.
-	  [ Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4672 ] [ruby-core:36127]
-
-Wed Jun 22 14:47:53 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_buffering.rb
-	* test/openssl/test_pkcs12.rb: Inherit from Test::Unit::TestCase
-	  instead of MiniTest::Unit::TestCase. [ruby-core:37275]
-
-Wed Jun 22 12:41:03 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c (ossl_ssl_session_to_der):
-	  OpenSSL::SSL::Session#to_der was broken. Fix buffer handling.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb (test_session): Test it.
-
-Wed Jun 22 12:38:52 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb: Split out SSL::Session related
-	  tests from test_ssl.rb
-
-Wed Jun 22 03:20:52 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: Fix cyclic references of
-	  objects.  Thanks to CvX for reporting the bug and a test case.
-	* test/psych/test_object.rb: test for cyclic object references.
-
-Wed Jun 22 02:39:54 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP.post_form): Do not ignore query part of
-	  the given URI to post. See #655.
-
-	* test/net/http/test_http.rb, test/net/http/utils.rb: Test it.
-
-Wed Jun 22 01:28:13 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_x509store.rb (test_set_errors): Redhat is
-	  distributing a patched version of OpenSSL that allows multiple CRL
-	  for a key (multi-crl.patch.) Make test pass on such env. See #4122,
-	  #4554.
-
-Tue Jun 21 21:50:37 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/httpresponse.rb (HTTPResponse#setup_header): Close
-	  HTTP/1.1 connection when returning an IO object as response body
-	  without setting HTTPResponse#chunked to true. See #855 no.1.
-
-	* test/webrick/test_httpserver.rb: Test it.
-
-Tue Jun 21 21:27:34 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* internal.h: move rb_thread_io_blocking_region() declaration
-	  from intern.h to internal.h. It's still experimental API and
-	  need more discussion. [ruby-dev:43698]
-	* include/ruby/intern.h: ditto.
-
-	* ext/socket/rubysocket.h: include internal.h.
-	* ext/socket/depend: add internal.h dependency.
-	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: add $INCFLAGS to topdir.
-
-Tue Jun 21 20:38:47 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (datetime_s_*): canonicalize 24 o'clock.
-
-Tue Jun 21 19:46:23 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (TestThread#test_priority): enable
-	  this test again. Current GVL respect thread priority rather
-	  than past.
-
-Tue Jun 21 13:25:35 2011  TAKAO Kouji  <kouji@takao7.net>
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_getc): applied a patch in
-	  #3827 by by Akio Tajima <artonx AT yahoo.co.jp>. (see #3827)
-
-Tue Jun 21 13:16:31 2011  TAKAO Kouji  <kouji@takao7.net>
-
-	* ext/readline/extconf.rb: fixed bug, specify --disable-libedit
-	  then disable libedit, does not specify then check readline and
-	  libedit if failed checking readline. (fixes #3375)
-
-Mon Jun 20 22:52:07 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* process.c (before_exec): use sig_do_nothing instead of SIG_DFL
-	  for avoiding a race.
-	* process.c (sig_do_nothing): new function.
-
-Mon Jun 20 21:31:03 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (thread_timer): rename timeout_10ms to
-	  time_quantum. it's no longer 10ms.
-
-Mon Jun 20 18:46:02 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c, ext/openssl/lib/openssl/cipher.rb:
-	  Documentation fix by Ippei Obayashi. See #4419.
-
-Mon Jun 20 15:41:33 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/cookie.rb (WEBrick::Cookie.parse): Revert r31228.
-	  r31228 was for allowing the 'Cookie:' header which did not have no
-	  SP after ';' for separating cookie-pairs but RFC6265 requires single
-	  SP after ';' there.  We allow multiple SPs here for compatibility
-	  with older WEBrick version.
-
-	* test/webrick/test_cookie.rb: Test it.
-
-Sun Jun 19 13:31:26 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* NEWS: Introduce --hide-skip on test/unit.
-
-Sun Jun 19 10:05:16 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: Override Test::Unit::TestCase#on_parallel_worker?
-	  only when $0 == __FILE__.
-
-	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: Run Test::Unit::Worker.run only when
-	  $0 == __FILE__.
-
-Sat Jun 18 23:59:24 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (fill_cbuf): finish reading at EOF, and the readconv has
-	  been cleared by another thread while io_fillbuf() is waiting at
-	  select().  a patch in [ruby-core:37197] by Hiroshi Shirosaki
-	  <h.shirosaki AT gmail.com>.  fixed #3840
-
-Sat Jun 18 21:36:29 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c: remove GVL_DEBUG
-
-Sat Jun 18 21:32:02 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm.c, vm_core.h (rb_vm_stack_to_heap): remove const.
-	  It makes compilations warnings.
-
-Sat Jun 18 18:54:15 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm.c, vm_core.h (rb_vm_stack_to_heap): fix "const" place.
-
-Sat Jun 18 17:23:38 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* eval.c, hash.c, load.c, proc.c, range.c, thread.c, time.c: don't
-	  declare internal functions.
-
-	* internal.h, vm_core.h: declare internal functions.
-
-	* array.c: include internal.h.
-
-	* common.mk: update dependency for array.o.
-
-Sat Jun 18 13:39:33 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* internal.h: declarations declared in include/ruby/*.h removed.
-
-Sat Jun 18 12:42:17 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* method.h, internal.h iseq.h: declare internal functions.
-
-	* compile.c, eval.c, iseq.c, object.c, parse.y, proc.c, process.c,
-	  thread.c, vm.c, vm_eval.c, vm_insnhelper.c, vm_method.c: don't
-	  declare internal functions.
-
-	  Note that rb_method_entry_eq() is defined in vm_method.c but
-	  there was a declaration in proc.c with different const-ness.
-	  Now it is declared in method.h with same const-ness to the
-	  definition.
-
-	* object.c (rb_mod_module_exec): don't declare functions declared in
-	  include/ruby/intern.h.
-
-Sat Jun 18 12:05:08 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/backward/classext.h: for evil gems.  fixed #4803
-
-Sat Jun 18 11:12:13 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* common.mk: update dependencies.
-
-Sat Jun 18 11:09:03 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* io.c: suppress warnings.
-
-Sat Jun 18 10:22:39 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* internal.h: declare more internal functions.
-
-	* iseq.h (rb_method_get_iseq): declared.
-
-	* compile.c, eval.c, eval_error.c, iseq.c, parse.y, proc.c, range.c,
-	  ruby.c, time.c, util.c, vm.c: don't declare internal functions.
-
-	* eval.c, parse.y, thread_pthread.c: non-existing function declarations
-	  removed.
-
-Sat Jun 18 08:12:54 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* common.mk: dependencies updated.
-
-	* tool/update-deps: new file to assist update dependencies in
-	  common.mk.
-
-Sat Jun 18 07:27:27 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* internal.h: declare internal functions here.
-
-	* node.h: declare NODE dependent internal functions here.
-
-	* iseq.h: declare rb_iseq_t dependent internal functions here.
-
-	* vm_core.h: declare rb_thread_t dependent internal functions here.
-
-	* bignum.c, class.c, compile.c, complex.c, cont.c, dir.c, encoding.c,
-	  enumerator.c, error.c, eval.c, file.c, gc.c, hash.c, inits.c, io.c,
-	  iseq.c, load.c, marshal.c, math.c, numeric.c, object.c, parse.y,
-	  proc.c, process.c, range.c, rational.c, re.c, ruby.c, string.c,
-	  thread.c, time.c, transcode.c, variable.c, vm.c,
-	  tool/compile_prelude.rb: don't declare internal functions declared
-	  in above headers.  include above headers if required.
-
-	  Note that rb_thread_mark() was declared as
-	  void rb_thread_mark(rb_thread_t *th) in cont.c but defined as
-	  void rb_thread_mark(void *ptr) in vm.c.  Now it is declared as
-	  the later in internal.h.
-
-Sat Jun 18 02:36:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (VpNewRbClass): fix type of the 2nd
-	  argument.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.h: ditto.
-
-Sat Jun 18 02:30:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigMath_s_exp): move BigMath.exp from
-	  bigdecimal/math.rb.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/math.rb: ditto.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb: move test for BigMath.exp from
-	  test/bigdecimal/test_bigmath.rb.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigmath.rb: ditto.
-
-Sat Jun 18 00:20:54 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: do not define wnum[01].
-
-Fri Jun 17 18:57:36 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): fix return value of obj[a,*b]=c.
-
-Fri Jun 17 13:09:45 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/curses/curses.c:  Clean up documentation.
-
-Fri Jun 17 09:25:14 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/curses/curses.c:  Document curses constants.  Patch by Vincent
-	  Batts.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4880]
-
-Fri Jun 17 09:11:05 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* object.c:  Document Module#method_added and #method_removed.
-	  Patch by Bryce Kerley.  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4867]
-
-Fri Jun 17 08:50:16 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* io.c:  Improve documentation of IO and File open and new.
-	  Patch by Roger Pack.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4790]
-
-Fri Jun 17 07:53:50 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/csv.rb:  Document #raw_encoding.  Patch by David Czarnecki.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4874]
-
-Fri Jun 17 07:46:50 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/benchmark.rb:  Document Benchmark::Tms#memberwise.  Patch by
-	  David Czarnecki.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4873]
-
-Fri Jun 17 07:38:31 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/prettyprint.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Ysiad
-	  Ferreiras.  [#4834]
-
-Fri Jun 17 07:23:03 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_drop):  Improve documentation.  Patch by Caley Woods.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4858]
-
-Fri Jun 17 06:11:31 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/webrick/log.rb:  Improve documentation of BasicLog and Log.
-	  Patch by Olivier Brisse.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4833]
-	* lib/webrick/httpstatus.rb:  Improve documentation of
-	  WEBrick::HTTPStatus.  Patch by Olivier Brisse.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4833]
-
-Fri Jun 17 04:48:22 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c, thread_pthread.h: remove unused variables.
-	  (native_thread_data_t::gvl_cond, native_thread_data_t::gvl_next)
-
-Thu Jun 16 14:32:31 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* time.c (rb_time_new): prevent overflow by "* 1000".
-
-Fri Jun 17 03:07:36 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_vm4_thread_create_join.rb,
-	  benchmark/bm_vm4_thread_mutex[1-3].rb: renamed to
-	  bm_thread_* (fix last rename).
-
-Fri Jun 17 02:26:47 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_thread_create): fix debug message.
-	  (add last newline)
-
-Thu Jun 16 23:40:49 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_schedule_rec): fix {UN,}LIKELY macro misuse.
-	* gc.c (rb_newobj): ditto.
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_method_search): ditto.
-
-Thu Jun 16 20:06:15 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb: Fix Regexp for test.
-
-	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/test_third.rb: Use
-	  Test::Unit::TestCase#on_parallel_worker? for detecting worker.
-
-	* lib/test/unit/testcase.rb(Test::Unit::TestCase#on_parallel_worker?):
-	  New Method Test::Unit::TestCase#on_parallel_worker? returns true
-	  when a testcase is running on parallel worker.
-	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb(Test::Unit::TestCase#on_parallel_worker?):
-	  ditto.
-
-Thu Jun 16 19:27:12 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/test_securerandom.rb: Add testcase.  This testcase does NOT aim
-	  to test cryptographically strongness and randomness.  It includes
-	  the test for PID recycle issue of OpenSSL described in #4579 but
-	  it's disabled by default.
-
-Thu Jun 16 17:55:07 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_copy_stream_socket): fix
-	  test hanging up issue. Patch by CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki.
-
-Thu Jun 16 15:17:39 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* variable.c (const_missing):  Add simple example of const_missing.
-	  Patch by Anuj Dutta.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4794]
-
-Thu Jun 16 15:09:29 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/monitor.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Sandor Szucs.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4823]
-
-Thu Jun 16 14:54:09 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/webrick/utils.rb: Document WEBrick::Utils.  Patch by Olivier
-	  Brisse.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4819]
-
-Thu Jun 16 14:26:46 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/erbhandler.rb:  Allow the ERB document to
-	  alter the content-type of the response.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4685]
-
-Thu Jun 16 14:15:47 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/timeout.rb: Clarify timeout duration types.  Patch by Alf Mikula.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4791]
-	* lib/net/http.rb: ditto
-
-Thu Jun 16 13:25:25 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rdoc*:  Import RDoc 3.7 release candidate
-
-Thu Jun 16 11:35:09 2011  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/imap.rb (search_response): parses SEARCH responses from
-	  the Yahoo IMAP server correctly.  patched by Mark Nadig.  [Bug #4509]
-
-Thu Jun 16 09:12:38 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* fix for build on solaris 10.
-
-Thu Jun 16 09:08:39 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/io/console/test_io_console.rb (TestIO_Console#test_sync):
-	  fix for daemon process.
-
-Thu Jun 16 07:58:01 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb(test_ignore_tzero): Test for r32109.
-
-	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/test_third.rb: Use another way to
-	  detect that test is running on worker. This fixes sometimes
-	  TestParallel failing.
-
-Thu Jun 16 07:20:06 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb(Test::Unit::Runner#_run_parallel): Ignore -j0
-	  because it makes blocking forever by IO.select.
-
-Thu Jun 16 03:08:11 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb (TestParallel::TestParallelWorker#
-	  setup): now can run on Windows, probably.
-
-	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb (TestParallel::TestParallel#setup):
-	  ditto.
-
-Thu Jun 16 03:00:26 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (do_select): Windows: no need to poll if select(2) is
-	  cancelable.
-
-	* thread_win32.c (native_fd_select): new function to make select(2)
-	  cancelable.
-
-	* thread_win32.c (rb_w32_check_interrupt): new function for checking
-	  interrupt.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_select_with_thread): new function. cancelable
-	  select(2).
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_select): use above function internally.
-
-Wed Jun 15 23:30:45 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c: fix a regression by r31690 on AIX because AIX malloc
-	  return NULL if it's passed 0. But some caller don't expect it.
-	  patch by Yutaka Kanemoto. [ruby-dev:43779]
-	(vm_malloc_prepare): return calculated size.
-	(vm_xmalloc): use above result.
-	(vm_xcalloc): ditto.
-
-Wed Jun 15 23:11:35 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c: remove BLOCKING_REGION_CORE() macro. It's no longer used
-	  since r32022.
-
-Wed Jun 15 21:00:47 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_config.rb: execute based on the existence of the
-	  OpenSSL module.
-
-Wed Jun 15 12:35:11 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_copy_stream_socket): wait a child process
-	  before SIGUSR1 handler is removed.
-
-	* test/pathname/test_pathname.rb (define_assertion): use line number
-	  for test method names.
-
-Wed Jun 15 10:37:43 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_stat_rdev): use DEVT2NUM.
-
-	* file.c (rb_stat_rdev_major): ditto.
-
-	* file.c (rb_stat_rdev_minor): ditto.
-
-Wed Jun 15 05:12:59 2011  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c (lib_eventloop_core): revert the last change (it's
-	  the part for ruby_1_8), and use rb_thread_check_ints() when RUBY_VM
-	  is defined.
-
-Wed Jun 15 04:42:47 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_vm3_thread_*.rb: renamed bm_vm3_thread_*.rb to
-	  benchmark/bm_vm_thread_*.rb.
-
-Wed Jun 15 04:28:39 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_vm4_thread_pass.rb: rename bm_vm4* to
-	  bm_vm_thread_*. suggested by ko1.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm4_pipe.rb: ditto.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm4_alive_check1.rb: ditto.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm4_pass_flood.rb: ditto.
-
-Wed Jun 15 03:52:50 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_vm4_pass_flood.rb: new benchmark for GVL fairness.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm4_alive_check1.rb: ditto.
-
-Wed Jun 15 01:27:53 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (gvl_yield): fix live lock issue on 1-2 cpus
-	  system. It's additional fix for r32021.
-	* thread_pthread.c (gvl_init): add switch_wait_cond.
-	* thread_pthread.h (typedef struct rb_global_vm_lock_struct): ditto.
-
-Tue Jun 14 23:16:22 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* bootstraptest/runner.rb (show_progress): refine verbose mode.
-	  (exec_test): ditto.
-
-Tue Jun 14 23:02:36 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* bootstraptest/runner.rb (show_progress): extracted from assert_check.
-	  (assert_check): use show_progress.
-	  (assert_normal_exit): ditto.
-	  (assert_finish): ditto.
-	  (flunk): ditto.
-
-Tue Jun 14 22:51:42 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* test/date/test_*.rb: added tests.
-
-Tue Jun 14 22:09:58 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: renamed some functions.
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: modified doc.
-
-Tue Jun 14 21:26:01 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* cont.c (cont_save_thread): add new utility function.
-	  rb_context_t::saved_thread.machine_stack_start and
-	  machine_stack_end should be cleared immediately after a snapshot of
-	  current thread is stored to saved_thread. [ruby-dev:43680] [Bug #4855]
-	  this change aims to get rid of unnecessary GC mark at machine stack.
-
-Tue Jun 14 19:50:49 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_autoload.rb: remove temporary directory.
-
-Tue Jun 14 11:05:03 2011  Narihiro Nakamura  <narihiro@netlab.jp>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_gc_set_params): call initial_expand_heap if
-	  initial_heap_min_slots is set.
-
-Tue Jun 14 11:02:08 2011  Narihiro Nakamura  <narihiro@netlab.jp>
-
-	* gc.c: use size_t.
-
-Tue Jun 14 01:10:38 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* test/coverage/test_coverage.rb: add a test for restart.  a patch
-	  from Xavier Shay.  [ruby-core:36745]
-
-Tue Jun 14 01:05:10 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/coverage/coverage.c: make it restartable.  [ruby-core:36539]
-
-Mon Jun 13 23:55:40 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_schedule_rec): call gvl_yield() unconditionally.
-	* thread_pthread.c: remove HAVE_GVL_YIELD macro.
-	* thread_win32.c (gvl_yield): new. this fallback logic was moved from
-	  rb_thread_schedule_rec().
-
-Mon Jun 13 23:50:25 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_dev): typo.
-
-Mon Jun 13 23:38:23 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_parse_string): flush delayed token.  based on a
-	  patch by Masaya Tarui in [ruby-dev:43762].  Bug #4544
-
-	* parse.y (yylex): revert r24557.  delayed token at the end of
-	  string should be flushed already by the above change.
-
-Mon Jun 13 23:33:31 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_dev): console should be
-	  unbuffered.
-
-	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_dev): take care of no-ctty
-	  case.
-
-Mon Jun 13 23:06:12 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c: rewrite GVL completely. This fix improve some
-	  benchmark dramatically (e.g. vm3_thread_mutex result changed
-	  form 120.601sec to 3.426sec).
-	* thread_win32.c: ditto.
-	* thread_pthread.h: ditto.
-	* vm_core.h: ditto.
-	* thread.c: ditto.
-
-Mon Jun 13 23:11:52 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: don't use Thread.abort_on_exception.
-
-Mon Jun 13 23:05:01 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/unixsocket.c (unix_send_io): race condition fixed.
-	  (unix_recv_io): ditto.
-	  fixed by Eric Wong.  [ruby-core:35574]
-
-	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: test added for above problem.
-
-Mon Jun 13 21:41:05 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_win32.c (native_cond_signal): remove unnecessary rb_bug().
-	  It's additional fix for r32021. [Bug #4696]
-
-Mon Jun 13 20:50:49 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ec.rb
-	  test/openssl/test_pkey_ec.rb: merge both files into test_pkey_ec.rb.
-	  Removed redundant group instantiation from PKey tests.
-	* test/openssl/utils.rb: only create TEST_PKEY_EC_P256V1 if EC is
-	  defined.
-
-Mon Jun 13 20:28:24 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/digest.rb: remove MDC2 from test, it is not available
-	  by default in an OpenSSL installation.
-
-Mon Jun 13 20:18:55 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_core.h, vm_insnhelper.h: move decl. of
-	  ruby_vm_global_state_version and related macros
-	  from vm_core.h to vm_insnhelper.h.
-
-	* vm.c (vm_clear_all_cache): added.  This function is called
-	  when ruby_vm_global_state_version overflows.
-	  TODO: vm_clear_all_inline_method_cache() is only place holder.
-	        We need to implement it ASAP.
-
-	* vm_method.c (vm_clear_global_method_cache): added.
-
-Mon Jun 13 19:46:21 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
-
-	* lib/cmath.rb: add new method Object#real?. fix #3137
-
-Mon Jun 13 18:52:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (is_kind_of_BigDecimal): new function to
-	  examine the whether the object is kind of BigDecimal.
-
-Mon Jun 13 18:49:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimalCmp): use GetVpValueWithPrec
-	  for Float and Rational arguments.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_new, test_cmp, test_power):
-	  add and modify tests for the above change.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimalCmp): modify coding style to
-	  match ruby's standard.
-
-Mon Jun 13 18:33:04 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/securerandom.rb (SecureRandom.random_bytes): modify PRNG state
-	  to prevent random number sequence repetition at forked child
-	  process which has same pid.
-	  reported by Eric Wong.  [ruby-core:35765]
-
-Mon Jun 13 17:02:34 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP#use_ssl?): require 'openssl' only when
-	  https is needed. fixes r31933.
-
-Mon Jun 13 14:35:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* lib/cmath.rb (CMath.cbrt): returns the principal value of the cube
-	  root of the argument.  fix #3676
-
-	* test/test_cmath.rb (test_cbrt_returns_principal_value_of_cube_root):
-	  test for the above change.
-
-Mon Jun 13 14:17:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::GlobOption#non_options): fix typo.
-
-Mon Jun 13 13:04:20 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c: fix error for digests that have no oid
-	(e.g. DSS1).
-	* test/openssl/test_digest.c: add tests for this.
-
-Mon Jun 13 12:51:51 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/yaml.rb: load psych only when syck is not loaded.
-
-Mon Jun 13 12:23:39 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-Mon Jun 13 12:23:39 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/deprecated.rb (Object#to_yaml_properties):
-	  undef to_yaml_properties before redefine it.
-
-	* ext/syck/lib/syck/rubytypes.rb: ditto.
-
-Mon Jun 13 11:30:10 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c: allow Digests to be created by sn, ln or
-	  oid.
-	* test/openssl/test_digest.rb: add tests for this.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4412] [ruby-core:35319]
-
-Mon Jun 13 10:54:03 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/pkey_dh.c: corrected documentation.
-	* test/openssl/utils.rb: add test key for DH.
-	* test/openssl/test_pkey_dh.rb: add tests.
-
-Mon Jun 13 10:13:08 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/pkey_dh.c: clarify difference between DH#public_key and
-	DH#pub_key in documentation.
-
-Mon Jun 13 05:50:43 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* NEWS: introduce PKey.read.
-
-Mon Jun 13 05:17:29 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c: added PKey.read module function that allows
-	  reading arbitrary public/private keys from DER-/PEM-encoded File or
-	  string instances.
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c: improved documentation.
-	* test/openssl/utils.rb: added EC test key.
-	* test/openssl/test_pkey_rsa.rb
-	  test/openssl/test_pkey_dsa.rb: Test PKey.read. Reuse keys from
-	  OpenSSL::TestUtils.
-	* test/openssl/test_pkey_ec.rb: Created test file for EC tests.
-	  Test PKey.read.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4424] [ruby-core:35330]
-
-Mon Jun 13 04:42:24 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (total_i): fix to skip no ruby objects.
-
-Mon Jun 13 03:07:38 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/benchmark/test_benchmark.rb (capture_output):
-	  replace '-' as space. On NetBSD, subtract between two Process.times
-	  after and before the short process may return negative value like:
-	  t0=Process.times; yield; t1=Process.times; p t1.utime-t0.utime
-
-Mon Jun 13 02:40:23 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_pkey_dsa.rb: Test for DSA#syssign/sysverify.
-
-Mon Jun 13 01:59:19 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c: completed documentation.
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c: corrected examples. Improved parameter
-	  sections.
-
-Mon Jun 13 00:25:10 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c: completed documentation.
-
-Sun Jun 12 23:36:46 2011  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* lib/drb/drb.rb (kill_sub_thread): remove the method. [ruby-core:34185]
-
-Sun Jun 12 21:01:56 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (d_lite_marshal_load): should give converted value.
-
-Sun Jun 12 20:36:30 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: edited doc.
-
-Sun Jun 12 18:12:07 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_vm3_clearmethodcache.rb: added.
-
-Sun Jun 12 17:40:29 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_method.c (rb_clear_cache*): update only vm state version.
-
-	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_get_without_cache, rb_method_entry):
-	  Fill method cache entry with vm state version, and
-	  check current vm state version for method (cache) look up.
-	  This modification speed-up invalidating of global method cache table.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #3905] [ruby-core:36908]
-
-Sun Jun 12 16:19:48 2011  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/extconf.rb: fail on Mac OS X. [Bug #4853][ruby-dev:43655]
-
-Sun Jun 12 15:56:08 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c: remove th->transition_for_lock. It's thread unsafe.
-	  [Bug #4723][ruby-dev:43563]
-
-Sun Jun 12 15:47:35 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c: introduce spurious wakeup safe deadlock check.
-	  [Bug #4696][ruby-dev:43554]
-
-Sun Jun 12 13:33:52 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_vm3_thread_mutex.rb: remove it.
-
-	* benchmark/bm_vm3_thread_mutex[1-3].rb: added 3 benchmarks.
-	    1: one thread with one mutex (no contention).
-	    2: two threads with one mutex (contention).
-	    3: 1000 threads with one mutex (huge number of contention)
-	  Above removed benchmark was type 3.
-	  Therefore, this commit adds type 1 and 2 benchmark.
-
-Sun Jun 12 11:16:59 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* io.c: use select() appropriately for sendfile().
-	  Fixed by Eric Wong.  [ruby-core:36150]
-	  (maygvl_copy_stream_wait_readwrite): removed.
-	  (nogvl_copy_stream_sendfile): use nogvl_copy_stream_wait_write and
-	  maygvl_copy_stream_wait_read instead of
-	  maygvl_copy_stream_wait_readwrite.
-
-Sun Jun 12 09:32:13 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* atomic.h (ATOMIC_OR): _InterlockedOr is not available on mingw.h
-	* gc.c (rb_gc_set_params): VM_OBJSPACE is disabled on mingw.
-
-Sun Jun 12 01:07:09 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: edited doc.
-
-Sat Jun 11 23:18:00 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_core.h (RUBY_VM_SET_TIMER_INTERRUPT, RUBY_VM_SET_INTERRUPT,
-	  RUBY_VM_SET_FINALIZER_INTERRUPT): use atomic ops for preventing
-	  interrupt_flag bit lost. [Bug #4770][ruby-dev:43467]
-	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts_rec): ditto.
-	* vm_core.h (typedef struct rb_thread_struct): change type of
-	  interrupt_flag to rb_atomic_t.
-	* atomic.h: move atomic ops definition from signal.c.
-	* signal.c: remove atomic ops definition.
-	* common.mk (gc, signal, thread, cont): add to dependency to atomic.h.
-
-Sat Jun 11 23:23:52 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: edited doc.
-
-Sat Jun 11 23:02:36 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/buffering.rb (module OpenSSL):
-	  Buffering#each_byte should return String in accordance with IO in
-	  1.9.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_buffering.rb (class OpenSSL): add tests for getc
-	  and each_byte.
-
-Sat Jun 11 22:41:37 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* time.c: a correction of doc for strftime (%v).
-
-Sat Jun 11 22:30:53 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: replaced doc for strftime based on Time's one.
-
-Sat Jun 11 22:07:56 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (datetime_s_{iso8601,rfc3339,xmlschema,rfc2822,httpdate}):
-	  do not take argument comp.
-
-Sat Jun 11 21:58:31 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: added examples.
-
-Sat Jun 11 19:40:45 2011  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c: expand heap if initial_heap_min_slots is bigger than
-	  HEAP_MIN_SLOTS.
-
-Sat Jun 11 19:42:50 2011  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ChangeLog (vim): set shiftwidth to 2.
-
-Sat Jun 11 19:27:06 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509req.c: raise RequestError instead of
-	  CertificateError when Request#to_der gets an error from OpenSSL.
-	  Patch from Ippei Obayashi, see #4420. I cannot write a test for
-	  this... Request does not allow to create broken bytes...
-
-Sat Jun 11 19:34:51 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (Date::(ABBR_)?(MONTH|DAY)NAMES): should be usascii.
-
-Sat Jun 11 19:24:33 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: rewrote doc.
-
-Sat Jun 11 19:04:15 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::GlobOption#non_options): should run
-	  with 1.8.
-
-Sat Jun 11 18:05:57 2011  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bootstraptest/runner.rb: should initialize $stress to avoid warnings.
-
-Sat Jun 11 18:02:09 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (io_getc): should be 7bit if ascii.  fixes #4557
-
-Sat Jun 11 16:52:16 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (rb_enc_uint_chr): fix message format. Bug#4869
-
-Sat Jun 11 16:28:25 2011  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/formatters/pretty.rb
-	  (REXML::Formatters::Pretty#write_text),
-	  test/rexml/test_core.rb
-	  (Tester#test_pretty_format_long_text_finite): don't ignore
-	  'width' parameter in pretty formatter. fixes #4498
-	  Reported by Michael Frasca. Thanks!!!
-
-Sat Jun 11 16:11:36 2011  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_core.rb
-	  (Tester#test_pretty_format_long_text_finite): remove needless
-	  assert_nothing_raised.
-
-Sat Jun 11 16:04:03 2011  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/parsers/xpathparser.rb
-	  (REXML::Parsers::XPathParser#parse),
-	  test/rexml/test_elements.rb
-	  (ElementsTester#test_each_with_frozen_condition):
-	  don't modify original XPath. fixes #4161
-	  Reported by Pavel Shved. Thanks!!!
-
-Sat Jun 11 15:53:27 2011  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_elements.rb (ElementsTester): remove needless
-	  prefix from test name.
-
-Sat Jun 11 15:36:36 2011  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-	* common.mk: fixed a grammatical error
-
-Sat Jun 11 14:20:16 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm.c (thread_memsize): don't ignore size of th->local_storage.
-
-Sat Jun 11 10:32:46 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb: should quote arch_hdrdir and libpath for the case
-	  installed prefix contains spaces.
-
-Sat Jun 11 10:20:52 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_cond_timeout): wrap conditionally used
-	  label.
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_sleep): remove unused variable.
-
-Sat Jun 11 10:15:50 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_execute_interrupts): use GetThreadPtr to extract
-	  rb_thread_t from VALUE.
-	  reported by Motohiro KOSAKI.  [ruby-dev:43700]
-
-Sat Jun 11 10:00:49 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ruby.c (ruby_process_options): add missing return type.
-
-Fri Jun 10 23:18:09 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c (lib_eventloop_core): replace CHECK_INTS with
-	  rb_thread_check_ints(). Because current code can't be compiled.
-
-Fri Jun 10 16:38:13 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* encoding.c (rb_locale_charmap): When ruby process is run as Windows
-	  Service the console codepage is not set, GetConsoleCP returns 0.
-	  So on such environment, use GetACP().
-	  http://blogs.msdn.com/b/michkap/archive/2005/02/08/369197.aspx
-	  patched by Rafal Bigaj [ruby-core:36832] [Bug #4854]
-
-Fri Jun 10 14:34:24 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* common.mk: restore TESTRUN_SCRIPT to "$(srcdir)/test.rb".
-	  TESTRUN_SCRIPT is used by "make run", "make gdb" and so on.
-
-Fri Jun 10 13:01:24 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_module.rb (TestModule#remove_rake_mixins): remove all
-	  module related to Rake.
-
-Fri Jun 10 09:52:38 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* encoding.c:  Mention that Encoding.compatible? can work with more
-	  than just Strings.
-
-Fri Jun 10 02:25:53 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: updating version to match released gem.
-
-Fri Jun 10 01:06:29 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal (BigDecimal_to_i): Integer#** may return flonum.
-
-Fri Jun 10 00:35:12 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* complex.c (string_to_c_internal): uses rb_reg_nth_match;
-	* rational.c (string_to_r_internal): ditto.
-
-Fri Jun 10 00:25:03 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c: remove an unused declaration.
-
-Fri Jun 10 00:24:04 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* rational.c (string_to_r): Rational#** may return flonum.
-
-Thu Jun  9 23:57:53 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* io.c: fix IO.copy_stream interrupt handling.
-	  based on the patch by Eric Wong.  [ruby-core:36156]
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_thread_call_with_gvl): don't declare here.
-
-	* thread.c: include internal.h.
-	  (rb_thread_execute_interrupts): new function.
-
-	* internal.h (rb_thread_execute_interrupts): declared.
-	  (rb_thread_call_with_gvl): declared.
-
-Thu Jun  9 23:34:01 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_objspace_call_finalizer): use rb_typeddata_is_kind_of() for
-	  type check to get rid of a double free when main Thread has singleton
-	  class. [ruby-core:36741] [Bug #4828]
-	* thread.c (rb_obj_is_mutex): add a new utility function.
-	* vm.c (rb_obj_is_thread): ditto.
-
-Thu Jun  9 22:53:49 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (TestThread#test_kill_thread_subclass):
-	  add test for Thread.kill with Thread subclass instance.
-
-Thu Jun  9 22:31:47 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (TestThread#test_kill_wrong_argument):
-	  test for [ruby-core:35086].
-	  partially forward porting r31402 from ruby_1_9_2 branch.
-
-Thu Jun  9 18:36:00 2011  Kenta Murata <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* string.c: Fix the ambiguous description of the behavior of
-	  rb_str_aref_m with a range.  It returns nil when the beginning of
-	  the range is greater than the end of the string rather than the range.
-
-Thu Jun  9 10:57:03 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: Hash subclasses can be read
-	  from YAML files.
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: Hash subclasses can be
-	  dumped to YAML files.
-	* test/psych/test_hash.rb: corresponding test.
-
-Thu Jun  9 09:18:51 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: Ruby modules can be loaded
-	  from YAML files.
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: Ruby modules can be
-	  dumped to YAML files.
-	* test/psych/test_class.rb: corresponding test.
-
-Thu Jun  9 09:05:04 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: Ruby classes can be loaded
-	  from YAML files.
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: Ruby classes can be
-	  dumped to YAML files.
-	* test/psych/test_class.rb: corresponding test.
-
-Wed Jun  8 21:38:57 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* cont.c (root_fiber_alloc): set root fiber's status RUNNING.
-	  in cont_mark() only RUNNING fiber's machine stack is marked.
-	  root fiber's status should be RUNNING at the beginning regardless of
-	  FIBER_USE_NATIVE. [ruby-core:36735] fixes #4827
-
-Tue Jun  7 20:50:11 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* doc/irb/irb.rd: fix typo. patch by Nobuhiro IMAI.
-	  [Bug #4843] [ruby-dev:43639]
-	* doc/irb/irb.rd.ja: ditto.
-	* doc/ChangeLog-YARV: ditto.
-
-Tue Jun  7 18:52:55 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/user_interaction.rb (Gem::StreamUI#tty?): IO#tty? of
-	  Windows has been fixed at r29969.
-
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem_stream_ui.rb: now can run tests.
-
-Tue Jun  7 18:36:41 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem.rb (TestGem#{test_self_user_home_userprofile,
-	  test_self_user_home_user_drive_and_path}): should simply ignore
-	  meaningless tests instead of skipping them.
-
-Tue Jun  7 18:15:00 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (TestRubyOptions#test_set_program_name):
-	  should show some messages when skipping tests.
-
-Tue Jun  7 13:59:47 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (date_s_today, datetime_s_now): check the
-	  result of localtime_r().
-
-Tue Jun  7 13:36:51 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/tk/extconf.rb: use $defs not $CPPFLAGS to get rid of
-	  command line escape issues on Windows.  fixed #4835.
-
-Tue Jun  7 03:18:45 2011  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_s_{,bin}write): do not create a
-	  file under /tmp. [Bug #4846]
-
-Mon Jun  6 22:51:43 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* cont.c: use #if FIBER_USE_NATIVE instead of #ifdef.
-	  you can suppress use of setcontext for Fiber with compile option
-	  -DFIBER_USE_NATIVE=0
-
-Mon Jun  6 21:59:23 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* test/date/test_switch_hitter.rb: added a test.
-
-Mon Jun  6 21:37:45 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: added notes.
-
-Mon Jun  6 21:02:12 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: flattened format to strftimev.
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (date_strftime_internal): taints run.
-
-Mon Jun  6 15:10:17 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/{defines,missing}.h (rb_infinity, rb_nan): move from
-	  defines.h to missing.h.  (couldn't use RUBY_EXTERN there.)
-
-Mon Jun  6 14:35:48 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_markup_pre_process.rb (TestRDocMarkupPreProcess#
-	  {test_include_file,test_include_file_encoding_incompatible}): no
-	  need to write such workaround.  don't hide the bug of ruby. (and the
-	  bug is already fixed.)
-
-Mon Jun  6 14:11:11 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (valid_jd_sub): need to convert from VALUE to
-	  double.
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (offset_to_sec): get rid of a compiler warning.
-
-Mon Jun  6 14:09:08 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/defines.h (rb_infinity, rb_nan): export for Windows.
-
-Mon Jun  6 10:54:45 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb(Test::Unit::Runner#puke):
-	  Add overriding from MiniTest::Unit#puke. This reverts minitest's fix
-	  that skip messages are hidden when not verbose mode (-v option).
-	  To hide skip messages, use --hide-skip option instead.
-
-Mon Jun  6 10:52:13 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb: don't use autoload.
-
-Mon Jun  6 09:39:43 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/parser.c (parse): release event objects to plug memory
-	leak.  Thanks Mark J. Titorenko!
-
-Sun Jun  5 23:26:15 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* eval.c: remove rb_thread_stop_timer_thread function declaration.
-	  Instead, include vm_core.h.
-	* process.c: ditto.
-
-Sun Jun  5 21:38:51 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (thread_timer): add to care a spurious wakeup.
-	  When native_cond_timedwait() return 0 by spurious wakeup, we
-	  don't have to neither 1) call timer_thread_function and 2)
-	  exit the timer thread.
-
-Sun Jun  5 17:50:01 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (m_real_cwyear): new.  derived from m_cwyear.
-	* ext/date/date_strftime.c: trivial changes.
-
-Sun Jun  5 17:22:01 2011  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/config_list.in: add new options for tcltklib.
-
-Sun Jun  5 10:06:50 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_tmx.h: now does not place decoded data.  allows to
-	  access indirectly via functions on demand.
-	* ext/date/date_strftime.c: ditto.
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: ditto.
-	* ext/date/date_core.c ({d|dt}_lite_to_s): use strftime.
-
-Sun Jun  5 06:22:02 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* NEWS: wrote about changes of date.
-
-Sat Jun  4 16:59:26 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (d_lite_inspect): changed the format.
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: refactoring and fixing some bugs.
-
-Sat Jun  4 04:04:41 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_which_command.rb:
-	  "missing" exists on ruby's top source directory. [Bug #4815]
-
-Fri Jun  3 21:48:12 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb: Refix for test-all in separate directory.
-	  r31147 + r31151.
-
-Fri Jun  3 20:58:47 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (d_lite_plus): get rid of compiler warnings.
-
-Fri Jun  3 20:56:40 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/missing.h, numeric.c (round): moved prototype of round()
-	  from numeric.c to missing.h.  (note: round() is C99 feature, so ruby
-	  provides it if not exist in C runtime.)
-
-Fri Jun  3 20:42:04 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: Keep $stdin, $stdout before run testcase
-	  and restore after run. Because some test break $stdin, $stdout.
-	  Fixes [Bug #4433] [ruby-core:35353]
-
-Fri Jun  3 19:58:14 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (io_fflush): windows -- call fsync() only when the FD is tied to
-	  file, because if the FD is pipe, it blocks.
-
-Fri Jun  3 09:27:31 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb (URI::HTTP#request_uri): return nil when the uri
-	  is path-rootless form. Bug #4759
-
-Thu Jun  2 23:51:03 2011  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/csv.rb: Improve the line ending detection algorithm
-	  patch by Alexey).
-
-Thu Jun  2 20:05:57 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_s_write, rb_io_s_binwrite): return!!!
-
-Thu Jun  2 16:29:34 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* io.c: Add File.write, File.binwrite. [Feature #1081] [ruby-core:21701]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: Test for File.write, File.binwrite.
-
-	* NEWS: News for above.
-
-Thu Jun  2 12:33:09 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (io_fflush, rb_io_flush): need to fsync() when ruby calls
-	  internal flush. [ruby-core:36670] [Bug #4813]
-
-Thu Jun  2 07:56:24 2011  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c: reduce CPU power required by an eventloop.
-
-Tue May 31 21:28:33 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (TestSignal#test_signal_requiring):
-	  redirect stderr to null device.
-
-Thu Jun  2 00:45:26 2011  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/extconf.rb: fix for uninitialized global variables.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4811]
-
-Wed Jun  1 21:57:08 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_sleep): fix 1000times calculation error.
-	  this is a regression since r31457. [Bug #4808] [ruby-dev:43606]
-
-Wed Jun  1 17:19:16 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c: remove unused macro.
-
-Wed Jun  1 15:42:18 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (peek_n): new macro to see next nth char.
-
-Wed Jun  1 15:40:46 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb (gem): fix for rubygems change.
-
-Wed Jun  1 14:07:57 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
-
-	* lib/minitest/*: Imported minitest 2.2.2 (r6281)
-	* test/minitest/*: ditto
-
-Wed Jun  1 12:35:50 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
-
-	* lib/rubygems*: Import rubygems 1.8.5 (released @ 137c80f)
-	* test/rubygems: Ditto
-
-Wed Jun  1 12:34:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* NEWS: add new features of bigdecimal.
-
-Wed Jun  1 09:41:14 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/cgi/util.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Kuba Fietkiewicz.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4775]
-	* lib/cgi/core.rb:  ditto
-
-Wed Jun  1 09:26:05 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/mathn.rb:  Improve documentation and attach it to Numeric.
-	  Modified from patch by Anil V.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4762]
-
-Wed Jun  1 09:21:30 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/prime.rb:  Indent examples enough to appear as code sections.
-	  Note that Prime is Enumerable.  [#4762]
-
-Wed Jun  1 07:34:57 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* hash.c (key_i):  Change rdoc from "the first occurrence" to "an
-	  occurrence" since first occurrence is not a specification of
-	  Hash#key.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4760]
-
-Wed Jun  1 07:26:19 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/pty/pty.c (pty_check):  Restore "not reached" comment.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4756]
-
-Wed Jun  1 07:21:40 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c:  Fix document-method declarations for set_sync and
-	  set_comment.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4695]
-
-Wed Jun  1 06:43:13 2011  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* load.c (loaded_feature_path): cut nonsense loop execution to fix
-	  performance bug.
-
-Wed Jun  1 01:16:02 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* class.c (rb_mix_module): implement Module#mix.
-
-Wed Jun  1 01:15:12 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (io_encoding_set): should honor already set ecflags since it
-	  might be set by mode option.  fixed #4804
-
-Wed Jun  1 00:34:04 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (GetVpValueWithPrec): remove unused
-	  variable.
-
-Wed Jun  1 00:32:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (GetVpValueWithPrec): support instantiation from
-	  a Float through Rational.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_new): ditto.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_global_new_float): add a test for
-	  the above changes.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_new_with_float): ditto.
-
-Wed Jun  1 00:07:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_coerce): support coerce with a
-	  Rational.  The precision used for instantiate a BigDecimal from the
-	  given Rational is obtained from the receiver BigDecimal.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_coerce): add a test for the
-	  above change.
-
-Tue May 31 23:49:08 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (offset_to_sec): fixed invalid validation.
-
-Tue May 31 23:43:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (GetVpValueWithPrec): replace the algorithm for
-	  coercing from a Rational to stop requiring "bigdecimal/util.rb".
-	  [ruby-core:34318]
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (GetVpValue): refactoring.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_new): support instantiation from a
-	  Rational.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_global_new_with_rational): add a
-	  test for the above change.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_new_with_rational): ditto.
-
-Tue May 31 22:44:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_new): support instantiation a
-	  BigDecimal object from an Integer.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_new_with_integer):
-	  add for testing the above change.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_global_new): replace its body
-	  with a BigDecimal_new call.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_global_new_with_integer):
-	  add for testing the above change.
-
-Tue May 31 22:24:39 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: use simple/complex mode instead of light/right mode.
-	* test/date/*.rb: followed the above changes.
-
-Tue May 31 21:28:33 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (TestSignal#test_signal_requiring):
-	  initialize SIGINT handler.
-
-Tue May 31 17:03:24 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb, lib/net/protocol.rb: Allow to configure to wait
-	  server returning '100 continue' response before sending HTTP request
-	  body. See NEWS for more detail. See #3622.
-	  Original patch is made by Eric Hodel <drbrain@segment7.net>.
-
-	* test/net/http/test_http.rb: test it.
-
-	* NEWS: Add new feature.
-
-Tue May 31 14:17:49 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_s_pipe): potential bug. the mode of read IO is set as
-	  DEFAULT_TEXTMODE in call of io_set_encoding(), and of write IO is
-	  also set as it in call of io_new_instance() via rb_protect().
-	  so, if DEFAULT_TEXTMODE is not 0, we should check the result of
-	  extract_binmode() and avoid crush of default IO mode and the result.
-
-Tue May 31 13:00:17 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* strftime.c (rb_strftime_with_timespec): improved style consistency.
-	  constified some variables.
-
-	* test/test_time.rb (TestTime#test_huge_precision): test for #4456.
-
-Tue May 31 12:53:10 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/io/wait/test_io_wait.rb (TestIOWait#{test_nread,test_ready?,
-	  test_wait}: give system some time to process the written data.
-
-Tue May 31 12:40:49 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_open_mode): MUST release resources
-	  explicitly. fix problem of r31671
-
-Tue May 31 10:49:55 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_exec.c: remove conditions for clang
-	  because clang version 3.0 (trunk 132165) doesn't need them.
-
-Mon May 30 22:19:33 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (TestSignal#test_signal_requiring): don't
-	  close stderr.
-
-Mon May 30 20:22:00 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (TestSignal#test_signal_requiring): small
-	  but critical typo of r31642.  sorry...
-	  [Bug #4798] [ruby-core:36550]
-
-Mon May 30 15:44:16 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* insns.def (opt_mult): as r31805, volatile it.
-	  Without this, clang -O fails calculation.
-
-	* numeric.c (fix_mul): ditto.
-
-	* rational.c (f_imul): ditto.
-
-Mon May 30 10:26:51 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (int_pow): make sure to assign the result of x * z.
-	  If xz is optimized out, the value won't overflow.
-
-Sun May 29 23:17:29 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (rb_reg_match): fix rdoc of Regexp#=~.
-	  patched by Tsuyoshi Sawada. [Bug #4781]
-
-Sun May 29 23:10:42 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/https.rb (WEBrick::HTTPRequest#parse_uri):
-	  keep parse_uri as private. patched by okkez. [Bug #4773]
-
-Sun May 29 17:53:03 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* numeric.c: add #include "internal.h" for rb_big_uminus() prototype.
-
-Sun May 29 15:09:05 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (flo_round): fix for negative value.
-
-Sun May 29 02:16:53 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/net/http/utils.rb (TestNetHTTPUtils#teardown): add nil check.
-
-Sun May 29 00:22:40 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* process.c (before_exec, after_exec): change from macro to function.
-
-Sat May 28 19:30:17 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* process.c (before_exec, after_exec): change SIGPIPE handler to SIG_DFL
-	  before calling execve(). Because r31760 reintroduced an issue that
-	  system() may hang up (i.e. [ruby-dev:12261]).
-	* process.c (save_sigpipe, restore_sigpipe): new.
-
-Sat May 28 16:08:16 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* signal.c (Init_signal, default_handler): change default SIGPIPE handler
-	  from empty function to SIG_IGN. [ruby-dev:43215]
-	* signal.c (sigpipe): removed.
-
-Sat May 28 03:04:27 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (fill_cbuf): return MORE_CHAR_SUSPENDED when cbuf is not empty.
-
-Sat May 28 02:22:48 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_bytesize): rb_str_bytesize() should use LONG2NUM().
-	  Patch by Nikolai Weibull. [Bug #4789] [ruby-core:36511]
-
-Sat May 28 02:06:26 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (fill_cbuf): Fix test-all crash.
-
-Sat May 28 00:58:40 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/ostruct.rb (method_missing): Handle [] and []= correctly.
-	  Based on a patch by Caius Durling, bug #4179 [ruby-core:33792]
-
-Fri May 27 23:56:54 2011  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_core.rb (Tester::test_text_frozen): split frozen
-	  string test. refs #4783
-
-Fri May 27 22:46:23 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb (gem): install gemspec of json.  fixed #4784
-
-Fri May 27 22:45:10 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (validate_enc_binmode): do not clear textmode flag if
-	  default.  fixed #4732
-
-	* io.c (fill_cbuf): finish reading at EOF.
-
-Fri May 27 11:31:51 2011  misfo <tedwardo2@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/rexml/text.rb (REXML::Text#initialize): prevent an error
-	  when passing a frozen string to REXML::Text.new
-
-	  dup the string passed in instead of cloning so that it's frozen
-	  state is ignored
-
-Fri May 27 08:47:26 2011  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* thread.c (ppoll): typo bug fix.
-
-Fri May 27 08:35:04 2011  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: hang-up at exit before calling Tk.mainloop.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/extconf.rb: cannot make on MinGW [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4141].
-
-Thu May 27 00:34:07 2011  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
-
-    * lib/csv.rb: Enhance each() to support Enumerator.
-
-Thu May 26 10:32:11 2011  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
-
-    * lib/csv.rb: Documentation improvements from Ysiad Ferreiras.
-      [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4785]
-
-Thu May 26 15:42:02 2011  Cezary Baginski <cezary.baginski@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/xmlrpc/parser.rb (FaultException): fix to_s and inspect
-
-	* test/xmlrpc/parser.rb: test for the above
-
-Wed May 25 11:54:31 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/curses/curses.c:  Remove color constants block.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4748]
-
-Wed May 25 09:56:45 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/curses/curses.c:  Add missing documentation for button state, MIN
-	  and MAX comments.  Add Curses. to TABSIZE= and ESCDELAY= methods.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4747]
-
-Wed May 25 09:35:31 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/benchmark.rb:  Restore nodoc for Benchmark::Job and
-	  Benchmark::Report.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4726]
-
-Wed May 25 09:29:38 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/net/pop.rb:  Hide implementation details from RDoc.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4711]
-
-Wed May 25 09:26:29 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/net/ftp.rb:  Add :nodoc: for private methods.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4710]
-
-Wed May 25 09:19:17 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c:  Fix Document-method declarations.  Improve
-	  Zlib::GzipFile's method catalog.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4695]
-
-Wed May 25 08:22:12 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/erb.rb:  Hide documentation for implementation details of ERB.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4694]
-
-Wed May 25 07:58:14 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/tempfile.rb (Tempfile.{mkdir,rmdir}): revert for backward
-	  compatibility.
-
-Wed May 25 07:13:12 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* spec/README: update the description.
-
-Wed May 25 07:12:16 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/tempfile.rb (Tempfile.{lock,unlock}_tempfile): refactor.
-
-Tue May 24 17:30:36 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* spec/README: fix typo.
-	  patched by bowsersenior. https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/24
-
-Tue May 24 07:06:34 2011  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: fail to start Tk.mainloop (exit immediately) on
-	  some environment (reported on [ruby-talk:381444]).
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/canvas.rb: support creating a canvas item object from
-	  an item ID number.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/image.rb: import documents which are pull-requested.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4595]
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/extconf.rb: search directories for 64bit library (e.g.
-	  /usr/lib64), add some new configure options (see README.tcltklib),
-	  and bug fix.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/README.tcltklib: modify docs for some new configure
-	  options.
-
-Tue May 24 04:01:46 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* lib/yaml.rb: switch default YAML engine to Psych, old syck engine
-	  may be enabled via YAML::ENGINE.yamler = "syck". [ruby-core:36374]
-
-Mon May 23 09:45:26 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/defines.h (CASEFOLD_FILESYSTEM): Revert r30508. Forgot to
-	  include this file in the commit r31692. __APPLE__ is not
-	  CASEFOLD_FILESYSTEM again, from this time.
-
-Mon May 23 10:01:02 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: Do not parse zero-tagged values as EOC. Do
-	  not let current length become negative for infinite length constructed
-	  values. Support constructed values of length zero. Added tests.
-
-Mon May 23 09:19:53 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/net/smtp.rb:  Document Net::SMTP::Response.  Patch by J.R. Garcia.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4768]
-
-Mon May 23 09:03:52 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: Never Ignore SIGINT. When received
-	Interrupt, immediately puts result and exit. [ruby-dev:43571]
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: When received Interrupt, wait results from workers
-	and collect them. [ruby-dev:43571]
-
-Mon May 23 09:08:07 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/mathn.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Sandor Szucs.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4767]
-
-Mon May 23 08:45:55 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/ostruct.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Franklin Webber.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4761]
-
-Mon May 23 08:35:24 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* hash.c:  Improve documentation of Hash#key.  Patch by Utkarsh
-	  Kukreti.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4760]
-
-Mon May 23 08:32:59 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* enumerator.c:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Dave Copeland.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4757]
-
-Mon May 23 07:19:45 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* NEWS (openssl): Infinite length support. Different behavior of
-	  Constructive and Primitive constructors.
-
-Mon May 23 06:58:33 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: Forbid Constructives whose value is not an
-	  Array to prevent segfault. Added test.
-
-Mon May 23 06:33:17 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: Forbid Constructive without infinite
-	  length. This also prevents a segfault. Added test and improved
-	  documentation.
-
-Mon May 23 05:58:14 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: Fix decoding of infinite length values.
-	  Simplified ossl_asn1_decode0 by splitting it into three separate
-	  functions. Add tests.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4374][ruby-core:35123]
-
-Mon May 23 04:03:46 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (ossl_asn1_initialize): Allow creation of
-	  Constructives with an explicit tag_class parameter without
-	  automatically setting tagging to :EXPLICIT. Fixes a bug when encoding
-	  infinite length primitive values.
-
-Mon May 23 04:03:46 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (ossl_asn1_cons_to_der): Add an additional
-	  EOC for infinite length Constructives that are supposed to be encoded
-	  with explicit tagging. Also tabify method correctly.
-
-Mon May 23 03:44:39 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (ossl_asn1data_to_der): Remove redundant
-	  flag tmp_cons.
-
-Mon May 23 00:35:00 2001  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* bignum.c (dump_bignum, bigmul1_balance, big_split, biglsh_bang),
-	  (bigrsh_bang, big_split3, bigmul1_toom3, bigmul0): implement Toom3 (Toom-Cook)
-	  multiplication.
-
-	* include/ruby/defines.h: add format prefixes for BDIGIT and BDIGIT_DBL.
-
-Sun May 22 23:24:02 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: Instead of rb_intern use static symbols to
-	  improve performance.
-
-Sun May 22 21:56:51 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: Use OpenSSL constants V_ASN1_xxx instead of
-	  hardcoded numbers for initializing class_tag_map.
-
-Sun May 22 21:29:29 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/defines.h (CASEFOLD_FILESYSTEM): Revert r30508. See #4255.
-	  Now __APPLE__ is not CASEFOLD_FILESYSTEM again.
-
-	* load.c (loaded_feature_path, rb_feature_p, load_lock): Revert r30508.
-	  See #4255. Make $LOADED_FEATURES scanning case-sensitive again.
-
-Sun May 22 18:59:27 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c(ossl_asn1_default_tag): avoid using RCLASS_SUPER
-	  to make it compilable. Plus, tabify and change variable definition style.
-
-Sun May 22 18:26:43 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (vm_xcalloc): use calloc provided by platforms.
-	  fixes #4754
-
-Sun May 22 11:44:53 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/pty/pty.c:  Improve documentation.  Patch by David Copeland.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4756]
-
-Sun May 22 11:26:39 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/timeout.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by David Copeland.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4755]
-
-Sun May 22 11:21:41 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/ipaddr.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Sandor Szucs.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4753]
-
-Sun May 22 11:14:40 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/forwardable.rb:  Document def_delegator.  Patch by Sandor Szucs.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4752]
-
-Sun May 22 11:11:41 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb:  Document block behavior of FileUtils.cd.  Patch by
-	  Bil Kleb.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4751]
-
-Sun May 22 11:07:47 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/curses/curses.c:  Complete documentation.  Patch by Vincent
-	  Batts.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4748]
-
-Sun May 22 09:29:43 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (TestRubyOptions#test_set_program_name):
-	  use spawn. it prevent that other tests inherit renamed $0.
-
-Sun May 22 08:57:13 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: Default tag lookup in constant time via hash
-	  instead of previous linear algorithm.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4309][ruby-core:34813]
-
-Sun May 22 07:54:16 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c: Explain DSS and DSS1 in documentation.
-
-Sun May 22 07:10:25 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_pkey_dsa.rb: Add tests for sign/verify.
-
-Sun May 22 06:07:17 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_x509cert.rb: Merge DSA-related tests from ruby_1_8
-	  branch.
-
-Sun May 22 04:11:12 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (Init_Thread): add a code comment why the meaningless
-	  line is necessary.
-
-Sun May 22 01:35:12 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: modified documentation.
-
-Sat May 21 22:46:26 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_strftime(date_strftime_with_tmx): "%v" means "%e-%b-%Y".
-
-Sat May 21 22:14:35 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_extract_modeenc): accept combination hash and
-	  File::Constants. (eg. File.open('yo', :mode => File::WRONLY))
-	  [Feature #4742][ruby-core:36338]
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_open_mode): new test.
-
-Sat May 21 21:44:14 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* test/date/test_switch_hitter.rb: new.
-
-Sat May 21 21:18:29 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_{core,parse}.c: moved nearly all core code from ext/date/lib.
-	* ext/date/lib/{date,date/format}.rb: removed nearly all code.
-
-Sat May 21 02:58:46 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/.document:  Add curses to documented extensions.
-	* ext/curses/curses.c:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Vincent Batts.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4747]
-
-Sat May 21 02:51:01 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/util.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch
-	  by Pete Higgins.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4746]
-
-Sat May 21 02:44:10 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/jacobian.rb:  Document isEqual.  Patch
-	  by Kuba Fietkiewicz.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4744]
-
-Sat May 21 02:22:34 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb:  Document date formats.  Patch by
-	  Clinton Nixon.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4743]
-
-Fri May 20 05:15:19 2011  Nobuhiro Iwamatsu  <iwamatsu@nigauri.org>
-
-	* gc.c: Fix build on m68k by 'error: too few arguments to
-	  function 'mark_locations_array''.
-
-Fri May 20 04:23:42 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/scanf.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Gabe McArthur.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4735]
-
-Fri May 20 00:58:01 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/trans/ibm737-tbl.rb: greek code page.  fixes #4738
-
-Thu May 19 14:44:05 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (test_signal_requiring): skip on Windows.
-	  we can send SIGINT only to pid 0 and the process itself.
-
-Thu May 19 09:07:08 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib: revert r31635-r31638 and untabify with expand(1).
-
-Thu May 19 07:47:26 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_pkey_rsa.rb: Add tests for sign/verify.
-
-Thu May 19 07:19:16 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c: Add documentation.
-
-Thu May 19 07:06:56 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/benchmark.rb:  Fix indentation.
-	* lib/net/imap.rb:  Fix indentation of regular expressions.
-
-Thu May 19 06:36:11 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/net/imap.rb:  Fix indentation of EOF for heredoc.
-	* lib/debug.rb (Commands):  Fix indentation of EOHELP for heredoc.
-
-Thu May 19 06:30:38 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb:  Fix indentation of EOM for heredoc.
-
-Thu May 19 06:16:41 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib:  Convert tabs to spaces for ruby files per
-	  http://redmine.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby/wiki/DeveloperHowto#coding-style
-	  Patch by Steve Klabnik [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4730]
-	  Patch by Jason Dew [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4718]
-
-Thu May 19 06:06:07 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/cgi/util.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Clinton Nixon.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4733]
-	* lib/cgi/core.rb:  ditto
-	* lib/cgi/cookie.rb:  ditto
-
-Thu May 19 06:02:21 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/tempfile.rb:  Document Dir.mkdir and Dir.rmdir.  Patch by Clinton
-	  Nixon.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4728]
-
-Thu May 19 05:57:52 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* encoding.c:  Improve documentation for Encoding#default_external and
-	  Encoding#default_internal.
-
-Wed May 18 22:45:26 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/io/console/lib/console/size.rb (IO#console_size): new
-	  method.  (EXPERIMENTAL)
-
-Wed May 18 22:41:51 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* internal.h: add for internal use only.
-
-Wed May 18 22:36:43 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (setup_exception): internal exception should be hidden
-
-Wed May 18 20:25:04 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout#timeout): don't leak "execution expired"
-	  exception. [Bug #4283] [ruby-core:34534].
-
-Wed May 18 06:09:24 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/cmath.rb:  Add some examples and improve documentation.  Patch by
-	  Sandor Szucs.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4727]
-
-Wed May 18 05:40:31 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/benchmark.rb:  Remove nodoc from Benchmark::Job and
-	  Benchmark::Report.  Patch by Sandor Szucs.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4726]
-
-Wed May 18 05:29:26 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/webrick/compat.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Sandor
-	  Szucs.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4725]
-
-Wed May 18 05:10:35 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/tracer.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Richard Ramsden.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4720]
-
-Wed May 18 04:53:41 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/cmath.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Jason Dew.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4717]
-
-Wed May 18 04:50:24 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/net/ftp.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Vincent Batts.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4710]
-
-Wed May 18 03:14:49 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* test/test_singleton.rb:  Add tests from lib/singleton.rb.  Patch by
-	  Pete Higgins.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4715]
-
-Wed May 18 03:03:07 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/singleton.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Pete Higgins.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4709]
-
-Tue May 17 21:24:04 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_mutex_lock): remove remove_signal_thread_list() call.
-	  It's meaningless because lock_interrupt doesn't call
-	  add_signal_thread_list().
-
-Tue May 17 20:20:49 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_thread_struct): add volatile to
-	  transition_for_lock because it is not protected by lock.
-
-Tue May 17 20:08:53 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* LEGAL (missing/{elf,tgamma,lgamma_r}.c): they've been replaced by
-	  public domain implementations.
-
-	* LEGAL (vsnprintf.c): it has moved to srcdir from missing/.
-
-	* LEGAL (missing/crypt.c): list its original license.
-
-Tue May 17 19:54:26 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* LEGAL (configure): add missing/setproctitle.c
-
-Tue May 17 19:35:01 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-	Fix FreeBSD test failure.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (TestRubyOptions#test_set_program_name):
-	  use ps -o command instead of ps -o cmd. FreeBSD doesn't support
-	  -o cmd option.
-
-Tue May 17 08:04:26 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c: Add documentation.
-
-Tue May 17 07:14:58 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb:  Improve documentation of proxy configuration
-	  methods.  Patch by Alf Mikula.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4714]
-
-Tue May 17 07:09:01 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/net/pop.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Vincent Batts.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4711]
-	* lib/net/telnet.rb:  ditto
-
-Tue May 17 07:00:41 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb:  Fix nodoc for Net::HTTP::version_1_1?.  Patch by
-	  Alf Mikula.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4713]
-
-Tue May 17 06:56:26 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb:  Add link to make_switch to improve documentation.
-	  Patch by David Copeland.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4708]
-
-Tue May 17 06:50:40 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/observer.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by David Copeland.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4707]
-
-Tue May 17 06:42:53 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/logger.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by David Copeland.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4706]
-
-Tue May 17 06:28:14 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/gserver.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by David Copeland.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4705]
-
-Tue May 17 06:21:15 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/cgi.rb: Add toplevel documentation to class CGI
-	* lib/cgi/session.rb: Add overview documentation to CGI::Cookie
-	* lib/cgi/html.rb:  Don't add CGI::TagMaker documentation to CGI.
-	  Patch by David Copeland.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4704]
-	* lib/cgi/core.rb:  Clean up CGI documentation.  Patch by David
-	  Copeland.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4704]
-	* lib/cgi/cookie.rb:  Clean up CGI::Cookie documentation.  Patch by
-	  David Copeland.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4704]
-
-Tue May 17 05:52:30 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/digest: Improve documentation of Digest, Digest::HMAC and
-	  Digest::SHA2.  Patch by Pete Higgins.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4702]
-
-Tue May 17 03:51:42 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/abbrev.rb:  Hide copyright and revision information from RDoc.
-	  Inspired by patch from David Copeland, bug #4703.
-
-Tue May 17 03:33:21 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/timeout.rb (module Timeout):  Hide internal constants.  Patch by
-	  Pete Higgins.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4701]
-
-Mon May 16 11:21:09 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in, win32/Makefile.sub (RUBY_SO_NAME): add CPU as prefix
-	  of RUBY_SO_NAME on x64/ia64 mswin/mingw.
-	  [Feature #4602]
-
-Mon May 16 08:00:05 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rdoc.rb:  Update to RDoc 3.6.1, allows OpenSSL::Digest to be
-	  found.
-
-Mon May 16 05:49:54 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/drb/acl.rb:  Add documentation.
-
-Mon May 16 05:13:20 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: Add documentation.
-
-Mon May 16 00:32:05 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (TestSignal#test_signal_process_group):
-	  skip if the platform doesn't have :pgroup capability. (i.e. skip
-	  if mswin32)
-
-Sun May 15 23:53:31 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h: resurrect old rb_fd_copy().
-	* thread.c (rb_fd_copy): ditto.
-
-Sun May 15 23:45:11 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h: remove rb_fd_copy() to rb_fd_dup() and
-	  rb_w32_fdcopy() to rb_w32_fd_dup().
-	* win32/win32.c: ditto.
-	* thread.c: ditto.
-
-Sun May 15 22:26:39 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* signal.c (rb_f_kill): accept '-SIGXXX' style signal with Symbol or
-	  implicit convertion with #to_str. [ruby-dev:43169] fixes #4362
-	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (test_signal_process_group): add a test
-	  for send signal to process group.
-
-Sun May 15 21:22:35 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* cont.c (cont_init): clear macihne_stack_start/end of saved thread to
-	  prevent mark machine stack of GC'ed Thread. root Fiber is not
-	  initialized by fiber_init().
-	  based on a patch by Serge Balyuk [ruby-core:35891] fixes #4612
-	* test/ruby/test_fiber.rb (test_gc_root_fiber): add test for it.
-
-Sun May 15 21:04:29 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* transcode.c (econv_init): revert r31353.  [ruby-dev:43512]
-
-Sun May 15 03:39:35 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Vincent Batts.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4695]
-
-Sun May 15 03:23:46 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/erb.rb:  Document ERB::Compiler.  Patch by Simon Chiang.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4694]
-
-Sun May 15 00:58:47 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-	fix mswin32 build error.
-
-	* missing/setproctitle.c: add #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H.
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (MISSING): add setproctitle.obj
-
-Sat May 14 22:45:28 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* missing/setproctitle.c: add to include "ruby/util.h".
-
-Sat May 14 19:52:22 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (TestRubyOptions#test_set_program_name):
-	  add for $0 test.
-
-Sat May 14 19:50:46 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* missing/setproctitle.c (compat_init_setproctitle): use
-	  ruby_strdup() instead of strdup().
-
-Sat May 14 19:37:31 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* include/ruby/missing.h: add setproctitle() declaration.
-	* missing/setproctitle.c: added.
-	* configure.in: add check for missing/setproctitle.c.
-
-	* ruby.c (ruby_process_options): add to call compat_init_setproctitle().
-	* ruby.c (set_arg0): remove all platform specific code. it's
-	  moved to missing/setproctitle.c.
-	* ruby.c (origarg): remove len field. It's no longer used.
-	* ruby.c (get_arglen): removed.
-
-	This patch makes a lot of cleanup set_arg0 related code and fixes
-	[Feature #4689].
-
-Sat May 14 17:42:21 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* process.c (rb_proc_times): improve documentation.
-	  [ruby-core:35785] fixes #4581, reported by Andrew Grimm.
-
-Sat May 14 12:12:54 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_pkey_dsa.rb: Add basic tests and tests that
-	  ensure new public key PEM encoding behavior and ensure backward
-	  compatibility.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4422] [ruby-core:35328]
-	* test/openssl/test_pkey_rsa.rb: Remove line with 'puts'.
-
-Sat May 14 12:06:49 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rdoc/context.rb (class RDoc):  Fix infinite loop caused by
-	  re-encountering BasicObject.
-
-Sat May 14 10:32:36 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_pkey_rsa.rb: Add tests that ensure new public key
-	  encoding behavior and also ensure backward compatibility.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4421] [ruby-core:35327]
-
-Sat May 14 09:50:10 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/yaml/dbm.rb:  Add documentation.  Patch by Justin Collins.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4693]
-	* lib/yaml/store.rb:  ditto
-
-Sat May 14 09:31:43 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rdoc.rb: Updated to RDoc 3.6
-
-Sat May 14 07:30:29 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: released a new gem, so increasing version.
-
-Sat May 14 05:08:32 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.h
-	* test/openssl/pkey/test_pkey_rsa.rb
-	  Reverted premature commit. Sorry for the noise!
-
-Sat May 14 05:02:58 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/uri.rb:  Add toplevel documentation.  Patch by Vincent Batts.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4690]
-
-Sat May 14 04:19:06 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* NEWS: Describe altered behaviour for RSA and DSA public key
-	  encoding. [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4421, Bug #4422]
-	  [ruby-core:35327,35328]
-
-Sat May 14 02:57:52 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/ipaddr.rb (unless Socket):  Document valid*? methods.  Patch by
-	  Sebastian Martinez.  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4687]
-
-Sat May 14 02:54:04 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rexml/functions.rb:  Add some documentation for REXML::Functions.
-	  Patch by Sebastian Martinez.  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4688]
-
-Sat May 14 02:51:42 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb:  Hide private method and state-tracking constants from
-	  RDoc.  Patch by Mark Turner.  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4691]
-
-Fri May 13 19:23:21 2011  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (flo_coerce): Add #flo_coerce documentation.
-	  Patch by Sebastian Martinez.
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/21
-
-Fri May 13 18:42:22 2011  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* README.EXT: fix typo.  Patch by William Blackerby.
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/19
-
-	* README.EXT.ja: ditto.
-
-Fri May 13 15:22:34 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_select): check invalid handle before doing
-	  select operations.  see [ruby-dev:43513], [ruby-dev:43535]
-
-Fri May 13 08:34:00 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rdoc/rdoc.rb:  Output summary after documentation report.
-	* lib/rdoc/stats/normal.rb:  Don't output information for users when
-	  we're not on a TTY
-
-Fri May 13 07:49:02 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb:  Hide internal methods from RDoc.  Patch by Darragh
-	  Curran.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4684]
-
-Fri May 13 07:36:23 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/erbhandler.rb:  Add documentation.
-
-Fri May 13 07:04:33 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/mathn.rb:  Fix indentation.  Patch by Jason Dew.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4682]
-
-Fri May 13 06:50:43 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/mathn.rb:  Add documentation.  Patch by Jason Dew.  [Ruby 1.9 -
-	  Feature #4667]
-
-Fri May 13 05:44:19 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/logger.rb (class Logger):  Document Logger#datetime_format.
-	  Patch by Sergio Gil Perez de la Manga.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4678]
-
-Fri May 13 05:39:11 2011  Eric Hodel <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* re.c (Init_Regexp): Document option constants.  Patch by Vincent
-	  Batts.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4677]
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (module URI):  Documentation for URI.  Patch by
-	  Vincent Batts.  [Ruby 1.9- Bug #4677]
-	* lib/uri/ftp.rb (module URI):  ditto
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (module URI):  ditto
-	* lib/uri/http.rb (module URI):  ditto
-	* lib/uri/https.rb (module URI):  ditto
-	* lib/uri/ldap.rb (module URI):  ditto
-	* lib/uri/ldaps.rb (module URI):  ditto
-	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (module URI):  ditto
-	* process.c (Init_process):  Document Process constants.  Patch by
-	  Vincent Batts.  [Ruby 1.9- Bug #4677]
-
-Fri May 13 05:16:38 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rss/atom.rb (module RSS):  Document URIs.  Patch by Mark Turner.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - #4671]
-	* lib/rss/rss.rb (module RSS):  Document exception classes.  Patch by
-	  Mark Turner.  [Ruby 1.9 - #4671]
-
-Fri May 13 02:15:18 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (select_internal): remove unused variable (interrupt_flag).
-
-Thu May 12 18:24:34 2011  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@clear-code.com>
-
-	* configure.in: limit to "T" type for prefix of external symbols
-	  because x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc on Debian GNU/Linux generates the
-	  following symbol:
-	    0000000068483390 D _GLOBAL__F__conftest_external
-
-	  Approved by nobu.
-
-Thu May 12 14:50:52 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/dl/test_base.rb (Fiddle::LIBC_SO): its always msvc*.dll on
-	  mswin/mingw.
-
-Thu May 12 14:47:53 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (Logging.postpone): copy only when temporary logfile
-	  exists.
-
-Thu May 12 12:24:22 2011  Nobuhiro Iwamatsu  <iwamatsu@nigauri.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: By trunk@31346, function check of SSLv2 is
-	  executed.
-	  However, the problem is not revised in this.
-	  This adds the control of using function of SSLv2 in made macro by
-	  function check.
-
-Thu May 12 08:10:46 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/set.rb (class Set):  Add nodoc to internal-use methods.  Patch
-	  by Pete Higgins.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4665]
-
-Thu May 12 08:01:14 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c: Allow encryption when PEM-encoding
-	  Elliptic Curve private keys.
-	  [ruby-core:35329] [Bug #4423]
-
-Thu May 12 07:54:59 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* object.c (rb_obj_equal):  Add documentation.  Patch by Vincent Batts.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4664]
-	* lib/rexml:  ditto
-	* lib/mkmf.rb:  ditto
-	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb:  ditto
-
-Thu May 12 07:30:08 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* Various .document files: Update .document files to match files which
-	  have documentation.
-
-Thu May 12 07:18:45 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c: Use generic X.509 SubjectPublicKeyInfo
-	  format for PEM-encoding DSA public keys.
-	  [ruby-core:35328] [Bug #4422]
-
-Thu May 12 06:27:31 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c: Use generic X.509 SubjectPublicKeyInfo
-	  format for encoding RSA public keys.
-	  [ruby-core:35327] [Bug #4421]
-
-Wed May 11 19:45:27 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
-
-	* lib/forwardable.rb: support 'delegate :foo => :bar' for to meet
-	  by specification of RDOC.
-
-Wed May 11 08:36:38 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/webrick: Add documentation for WEBrick::HTTPAuth
-
-Wed May 11 03:06:35 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rss.rb: Add documentation for RSS.  Patch by Steve Klabnik.
-	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4663]
-
-Tue May 10 14:50:32 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: Add option for hiding skip messages when test
-	  ends. #4657
-
-	* test/testunit/test_hideskip.rb, test/testunit/test4test_hideskip.rb:
-	  test for above.
-
-Tue May 10 10:53:04 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* common.mk (rdoc): Add rdoc-coverage rule
-
-Tue May 10 09:13:21 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/webrick: Add Documentation
-
-Tue May 10 04:22:09  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/webrick/log.rb: Hide copyright info from ri
-	* lib/webrick/httpstatus.rb: ditto
-	* lib/webrick/htmlutils.rb: ditto
-	* lib/webrick/httpversion.rb: ditto
-	* lib/webrick/version.rb: ditto
-	* lib/webrick/httpauth/userdb.rb: ditto
-	* lib/webrick/httpauth/authenticator.rb: ditto
-	* lib/webrick/accesslog.rb: ditto
-
-Mon May  9 20:57:13 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_{complex,rational}.rb: added tests.
-
-Mon May  9 20:29:44 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* complex.c (string_to_c_internal): a refactoring.
-
-Mon May  9 18:33:05 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c: Improve documentation for String#start_with? and
-	  String#end_with?. fixes #4652
-	  patched by Andrew Grimm <andrew.j.grimm at gmail.com>
-
-Mon May  9 13:49:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* complex.c (string_to_c_internal): support scientific notation.
-	  patched by Tinco Andringa. https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/16
-	  [ruby-core:36046][Bug #4655]
-
-Mon May  9 11:52:48 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (int_ord): remove K&R style.
-	  patched by Daehyub Kim. https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/17
-
-Sun May  8 22:17:24 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_{complex2,complexrational}.rb: use skip.
-	* test/date/*.rb: ditto.
-
-Sun May  8 21:02:31 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_{complex2,complexrational}.rb: NEVER SKIP.
-
-Sun May  8 21:01:21 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* test/date/test_date_base.rb: fixed.
-
-Sun May  8 20:54:11 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* test/date/*.rb: NEVER SKIP.
-
-Sun May  8 20:37:33 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* test/date/*.rb: reverted 31432.
-
-Sun May  8 20:32:43 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* test/date/*.rb: reverted 31483.
-
-Sun May  8 19:39:16 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_cond_timedwait): add to care EINTR.
-	* thread_pthread.c (thread_timer): remove EINTR check.
-
-Sun May  8 19:04:15 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/time.rb (xmlschema): avoid passing any negative numbers.
-
-Sun May  8 18:40:03 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_{parse,strptime}.c: introduced some macros.
-
-Sun May  8 17:17:13 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* test/date/*.rb: use skip /w messages.
-
-Sun May  8 17:04:55 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb (_httpdate): omitted to call zone_to_diff.
-
-Sun May  8 16:56:19 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (date_s_test_*): use macros.
-
-Sun May  8 10:24:16 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c: cleanup signal_thread_list related ifdef.
-	  1) we don't have to use #ifdef FOO-PLATFORM directly 2) About
-	  half #ifdef didn't care symbian properly.
-
-Sun May  8 05:19:37 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/io/wait/test_io_wait.rb: Linux socketpair(2) only support
-	  AF_UNIX, but windows socketpair doesn't support it. we can't
-	  avoid platform check. sigh!
-
-Sun May  8 00:13:05 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/io/wait/test_io_wait.rb: use Socket.pair instead of pipe.
-	  Windows can only treat a socket.
-
-Sat May  7 22:43:48 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_fd_zero): remove redundant zero fill.
-
-Sat May  7 22:38:04 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_fd_init): remove volatile qualifier.
-
-Sat May  7 22:34:29 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_fd_init_copy): new internal api. It provide efficient
-	  copy constructor semantics.
-	* thread.c (do_select): use rb_fd_init_copy().
-
-Sat May  7 15:18:06 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-	fix incorrect native_cond_signal call when deadlock was detected.
-
-	* thread.c (lock_func): decrement cond_waiting if timeout was happen.
-
-Sat May  7 18:28:37 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (USE_MONOTONIC_COND): check the availability
-	  more strictly.
-
-	* thread_pthread.h (rb_thread_cond_t): ditto.
-
-Sat May  7 15:15:10 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	fix win32 native_cond_timedwait() makes SIGSEGV.
-
-	* thread_win32.h (rb_thread_cond_struct): add prev field instead of
-	  last. (ie cond_event_entry is now using double linked list instead of
-	  single)
-	* thread_win32.c (cond_event_entry): add prev field.
-
-	* thread_win32.c (__cond_timedwait): remove entry properly if timeout
-	  was happen.
-
-	* thread_win32.c (native_cond_signal): change for double linked list.
-	* thread_win32.c (native_cond_broadcast): ditto.
-	* thread_win32.c (native_cond_initialize): ditto.
-
-Sat May  7 12:41:04 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-	fix mutex deadlock test hang-up.
-
-	* thread_win32.c (abs_timespec_to_timeout_ms): fix 1000x calculation
-	  mistake. (ie fix hang-up native_cond_timedwait())
-
-Sat May  7 03:14:13 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	sleep_cond use monotonic time if possible.
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_thread_init): change sleep_cond
-	  attribute to monotonic.
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_sleep): use native_cond_timeout().
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_cond_timeout): add overflow care.
-	* thread_win32.c (native_cond_timeout): ditto.
-
-Sat May  7 02:49:12 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-	  fix win32 compile error.
-
-	* thread_win32.c (RB_CONDATTR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC): define
-	  RB_CONDATTR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC always.
-	* thread_pthread.c (RB_CONDATTR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC): ditto.
-
-Sat May  7 02:29:41 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	  mutex: deadlock check timeout use monotonic time.
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_cond_timeout): new internal api.
-	  it calculate a proper time for argument of native_cond_timedwait().
-	* thread_win32.c (native_cond_timeout): ditto.
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (thread_timer): use native_cond_timeout()
-	  instead of get_ts.
-	* thread.c (lock_func): ditto.
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (get_ts): removed. use native_cond_timeout().
-	* thread.c (init_lock_timeout): ditto.
-
-Sat May  7 01:54:21 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (get_ts): add monotonic clock capability.
-	* thread_pthread.c (rb_thread_create_timer_thread): use monotonic
-	  clock if possible.
-
-Sat May  7 01:43:37 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.h (rb_thread_cond_t): add clockid field. it's
-	  no longer an alias of pthread_cond_t.
-	* thread_pthread.c: adapt new rb_thread_cond_t type.
-	* thread.c (mutex_alloc): ditto.
-	* thread_win32.c (native_cond_initialize): ditto.
-	* configure.in: add check for pthread_cond_attr_setclock() and
-	  clockid_t type.
-
-Fri May  6 23:29:47 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_wait_for_single_fd): use ppoll() instead of poll()
-	  if possible. based on a patch from Eric Wong. [ruby-core:36003].
-
-Fri May  6 23:13:43 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: remove nanosleep check. we no longer use it.
-	  r20124 removed last usage.
-
-Fri May  6 22:35:56 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (mktime_do): extra digits are not used.
-
-Fri May  6 17:43:07 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (mktime_do): remove unused variable offset.
-
-	* ext/syck/syck.h: use #ifdef instead of #if DEBUG.
-
-Fri May  6 16:27:33 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (DAY_IN_NANOSECONDS): refix: 31438.
-	  check with LONG_MAX and cast as long; without this the calculation
-	  will be done as int and overflow.
-
-Fri May  6 15:01:11 2011  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (mktime_do): avoid buffer overrun, by
-	  silently ignoring lesser significant digits.  Required buffer
-	  length can be computable so you might at first think of
-	  allocating enough memory space on the fly using alloca().  That
-	  is a wrong idea because when using alloca there is always risk
-	  of integer overflow.  A function that accepts outer-process
-	  resources like this should not blindly trust its inputs.  In
-	  this particular case we just want to generate milliseconds
-	  resolution by strtod() so the string in question needs no more
-	  length than what we originally have.  Ignoring lesser
-	  significant digits should suffice I believe.
-
-Fri May  6 14:25:53 2011  Tinco Andringa <mail@tinco.nl>
-
-	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (mktime_do): YAML.load time correctly parse
-	  usecs smaller than 1 fixes #4571
-
-Thu May  5 22:23:34 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_mutex_reinitialize_atfork): removed
-	  unused macro.
-	* thread_win32.c (native_mutex_reinitialize_atfork): ditto.
-
-Thu May  5 22:09:39 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (DAY_IN_NANOSECONDS): long long int is not
-	  available on all platforms.
-
-Thu May  5 17:36:31 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* eval.c (frame_func_id): store result of method_entry_of_iseq() to
-	  cfp->me because method_entry_of_iseq() might become expensive.
-
-Thu May  5 15:03:51 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* eval.c (frame_func_id): __method__ return different name from
-	  methods defined by Module#define_method with a same block.
-	  [ruby-core:35386] fixes #4606
-	* eval.c (method_entry_of_iseq): new helper function. search control
-	  frame stack for a method entry which has given iseq.
-	* test/ruby/test_method.rb: add tests for #4606
-
-Wed May  4 22:13:09 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_vm4_pipe.rb: Reduced iterations. Too slow benchmark
-	  is bad.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm4_thread_pass.rb: ditto.
-
-Wed May  4 22:08:22 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/date/test_date_base.rb: don't use no message skip().
-
-Wed May  4 21:11:28 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_io_select2.rb: reduce number of using file
-	  descriptors. because gdb need some fds.
-
-Wed May  4 19:00:59 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_wait_for_single_fd): Fix wrong return value.
-	* test/-ext-/wait_for_single_fd/test_wait_for_single_fd.rb
-	  (TestWaitForSingleFD#test_wait_for_closed_pipe): test for it.
-
-Wed May  4 18:46:39 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/-test-/wait_for_single_fd: New. for testing
-	  rb_wait_for_single_fd() internal function.
-	  The patch was written by Eric Wong. [ruby-core:35991]
-
-	* test/-ext-/wait_for_single_fd/test_wait_for_single_fd.rb: ditto.
-
-Wed May  4 12:46:25 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_wait_for_single_fd): Added POLLNVAL check.
-	  based on a patch from Eric Wong at [ruby-core:35991].
-
-Wed May  4 11:51:01 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (rb_f_select): remove useless ifdef.
-
-Wed May  4 11:42:47 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/socket/init.c (wait_connectable): fix error handling code.
-	  RB_WAITFD_OUT is turned on even though an error occur.
-
-Wed May  4 10:12:39 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_event): use rb_wait_for_single_fd().
-	The patch was written by Eric Wong. [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4531]
-
-Wed May  4 10:10:28 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/socket/init.c (wait_connectable): use rb_wait_for_single_fd().
-	  The patch was written by Eric Wong. [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4531]
-
-	* ext/socket/init.c (try_wait_connectable, wait_connectable_ensure):
-	  removed.
-
-Wed May  4 10:07:48 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/io/wait/wait.c (io_wait): use rb_wait_for_single_fd().
-	  The patch was written by Eric Wong. [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4531]
-
-Wed May  4 10:01:27 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_wait_for_single_fd): new. poll(2) based backend for
-	  rb_wait_for_single_fd().
-	  Now only Linux uses it.
-
-	The patch was written by Eric Wong. [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4531]
-
-Wed May  4 09:56:57 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_wait_for_single_fd): new.
-	* thread.c (select_single): select(2) based backend for
-	  rb_wait_for_single_fd().
-
-	* io.c (make_writeconv): use rb_wait_for_single_fd() instead of
-	  rb_thread_fd_select().
-	* io.c (rb_io_wait_readable): ditto.
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_wait_fd_rw): ditto.
-
-	* io.c (wait_readable): removed.
-	* thread.c (init_set_fd): new helper function.
-	* include/ruby/io.h (RB_WAITFD_IN, RB_WAITFD_PRI, RB_WAITFD_OUT):
-	  new constant for rb_single_wait_fd().
-
-	The patch was written by Eric Wong. [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4531]
-
-Wed May  4 08:04:59 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: fix time dumping so that
-	  Syck can load UTC times that Psych dumps.
-
-Wed May  4 07:33:00 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_fd_copy): fix wrong argument.This issue was pointed
-	  out by Eric Wong. [ruby-core:35982]
-
-Tue May  3 20:29:33 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb (TestFileUtils#test_chmod_symbol_mode):
-	  Skip sticky bit test if the platform is FreeBSD. It doesn't allow to
-	  change sticky bit if a target is regular file.
-
-Tue May  3 18:23:57 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* test/date/test_date.rb (TestDate#test_coerce):
-	  test for [ruby-core:35127].
-
-Tue May  3 04:27:53 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_select): preserve errno if no error
-	  occurred.
-
-Tue May  3 03:57:04 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_w32_fdcopy): add prototype.  fixes
-	  #4640
-
-Mon May  2 01:02:04 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#chmod): accept symbolic mode argument.
-	  The patch was written by takkanm. [ruby-core:26029][Feature #2190]
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#fu_mode): new helper function.
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#symbolic_modes_to_i): ditto.
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#mode_mask): ditto.
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#user_mask): ditto.
-
-	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb (TestFileUtils#test_chmod_symbol_mode):
-	  new test for the above symbolic mode.
-	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb (TestFileUtils#test_chmod_R): ditto.
-
-Mon May  2 00:36:12 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_connect): add to care EINTR. based
-	  on a patch from Eric Wong at [ruby-core:35621][Bug #4555]
-
-Sun May  1 01:06:24 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_select): release GVL while waiting select().
-
-Sat Apr 30 23:10:15 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_fdcopy): New. This can copy even though
-	  fdset size exceed FD_SETSIZE.
-	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_fd_copy): use rb_w32_fdcopy()
-
-Sat Apr 30 20:18:43 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (do_select): Change argument type to rb_fdset_t.
-	  Now do_select() is free from unexpected hangup if
-	  HAVE_RB_FD_INIT=1 [Bug #4636]
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_fd_select, rb_thread_wait_fd_rw):
-	  adapt new argument type.
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_select): make dummy implementation.
-
-Sat Apr 30 20:16:53 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_fd_copy): Change function argument. Now
-	  rb_fd_copy() has fully copy semantics.
-	* include/ruby/intern.h: ditto.
-
-Sat Apr 30 20:11:47 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_thread_select): mark as deprecated.
-
-	* ext/io/wait/wait.c (wait_readable): use rb_thread_fd_select
-	  instead of rb_thread_select.
-	* ext/socket/init.c (wait_connectable0): ditto.
-	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_event): ditto.
-	* io.c (rb_io_wait_readable, wait_readable, rb_io_wait_writable,
-	  wait_writable): ditto.
-
-Sat Apr 30 20:06:36 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (do_select): remove useless ifdef. time calculation
-	  is not heavy weight.
-
-Sat Apr 30 16:48:36 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_io_select3.rb: New.
-
-Sat Apr 30 16:27:09 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (copy_stream_body, rb_io_s_copy_stream): move rb_fd_init()
-	  from copy_stream_body to rb_io_s_copy_stream. fds of passing
-	  rb_fd_term() have to be guaranteed initialized.
-
-Sat Apr 30 16:13:17 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_io_select.rb, benchmark/bm_io_select2.rb: New.
-	  based on a patch from Eric Wong at [Feature #4531]
-
-Sat Apr 30 03:25:53 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/io/wait/test_io_wait.rb: New. for testing ext/io/wait.
-	  the patch was written by Eric Wong. [Feature #4531]
-
-Sat Apr 30 00:34:56 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* include/ruby/win32.h: remove redundant declaration of
-	  rb_w32_time_subtract().
-
-Sat Apr 30 00:16:40 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (gvl_init): fix hangup if GVL_SIMPLE_LOCK=1.
-	  We don't have to call mutex_unlock() before initialize it!
-
-Fri Apr 29 13:15:15 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_win32.c (native_cond_timedwait): New. r31373 caused
-	  win32 build failure.
-
-	* thread_win32.c (__cond_timedwait, abs_timespec_to_timeout_ms):
-	  New helper functions.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_time_subtract): rename from subtract and
-	  remove static.
-
-Fri Apr 29 10:43:09 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* benchmark/bm_vm4_pipe.rb: Add two new benchmark for GVL
-	  performance. They was written by Koichi Sasada.
-	* benchmark/bm_vm4_thread_pass.rb: ditto.
-
-Fri Apr 29 10:25:31 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_method.c (rb_clear_cache_by_class): Revert r29673. It made
-	  a segmentation fault regression. [Bug #4289][ruby-core:34554].
-
-Fri Apr 29 10:24:51 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (make_writeconv): do not add textmode newline decorator if any
-	  newline decorator is set already.  fixes #4618, fixes #4619
-
-Fri Apr 29 10:17:42 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (lock_func): small cleanup.
-
-Fri Apr 29 10:07:13 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_mutex_lock, lock_func): Avoid busy loop and
-	  performance regression. bm_vm3_thread_mutex.rb performance
-	  change from 109.064sec to 16.331sec. [Feature #4607]
-
-	* thread.c (init_lock_timeout): New helper function.
-
-Thu Apr 28 16:15:49 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/{win32.c,dir.h} (rb_w32_uopendir): new API to pass UTF-8 path.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (opendir_internal, rb_w32_opendir): extract and merge
-	  common part of rb_w32_opendir() and rb_w32_uopendir().
-
-	* dir.c (do_opendir, glob_helper): encoding.
-
-	* dir.c (dir_initialize, do_opendir): convert path to UTF-8 and call
-	  rb_w32_uopendir() instead of rb_w32_opendir() on Windows.
-	  fixes #4491, reported by Joey Zhou.
-
-Thu Apr 28 15:32:53 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/dl/test_base.rb (DL::LIBC_SO): its always msvc*.dll on
-	  mswin/mingw.
-
-Thu Apr 28 06:07:06 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/csv.rb (CSV::open): suppress universal newline decorator.
-	  fixes #4603
-
-	* lib/csv.rb (CSV.read): no mode is needed.
-
-Thu Apr 28 06:06:56 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_extract_modeenc, rb_f_backquote): set default text
-	  mode.  fixes #4619
-
-	* io.c (pipe_open): set universal newline decorator if needed.
-
-Wed Apr 27 11:33:08 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/trans/emoji_iso2022_kddi.trans: ISO-2022-JP-KDDI doesn't have
-	  CP932 UDA. Another reason is emacs-mule: the implementation of
-	  stateless-iso-2022-jp doesn't support beyond 94x94 (0x7fxx);
-	  but CP932 UDA is in 7Fxx-92xx.
-
-Wed Apr 27 07:42:44 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (STRIP): use proper toolchain.  based on a patch
-	  from Jon Forums at [ruby-core:35909].  fixes #4617
-
-Wed Apr 27 01:20:59 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (date_zone_to_diff): renamed.
-	* ext/date/date_parse.c: ditto.
-	* ext/date/date_strptime.c: ditto.
-
-Wed Apr 27 01:16:59 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* encoding.c (enc_find): accept Encoding objects.
-
-Wed Apr 27 00:55:56 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* transcode.c (econv_opts): add newline option.
-
-	* io.c (validate_enc_binmode, rb_io_extract_modeenc): set newline
-	  decorator according to open mode.
-
-	* transcode.c (rb_econv_prepare_options): new function, to prepare
-	  econv options with newline flags.
-
-	* include/ruby/encoding.h (ECONV_NEWLINE_DECORATOR_MASK): add.
-
-Wed Apr 27 00:51:01 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_truncate): fix function.
-
-	* include/ruby/win32.h (ftruncate, truncate, ftello, fseeko): non-64
-	  versions on mingw are useless because they use int32_t.  fixes #4564
-
-Wed Apr 27 00:50:33 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: modified validation methods.
-	* ext/date/lib/date.rb: ditto.
-
-Wed Apr 27 00:00:37 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (dt_lite_set_tmx): should get df value.
-
-Tue Apr 26 22:34:04 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb (_iso8601): allowed day only civil
-	  date.  disallowed separatorless day only ordinal date.
-
-Mon Apr 25 21:31:36 2011  Nobuhiro Iwamatsu  <iwamatsu@nigauri.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: Should check SSLv2_*method.
-	  openssl compiled with "no-ssl2" the extconf don't fail
-	  when running `make' having this compilation errors.
-	  Patched by Laurent Arnoud. fixes #4562, #4556
-
-Mon Apr 25 20:53:32 2011  Tajima, Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (kill): accept 0 only sig is SIGINT #4596
-
-Mon Apr 25 19:59:47 2011  Tajima, Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (kill): accept 0 as pid, fixes #4596
-
-Mon Apr 25 16:43:45 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* random.c (random_rand): remove unused variables.
-
-	* struct.c (rb_struct_define_without_accessor): ditto.
-
-	* strftime.c (rb_strftime_with_timespec): ditto.
-
-	* sprintf.c: ditto.
-
-	* time.c (time_asctime): remove useless GetTimeval().
-
-	* thread_pthread.c: cast to (void *) for %p.
-
-Mon Apr 25 11:02:11 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/ripper/lib/ripper/sexp.rb: fix rdoc around sexp.
-	  patched by Sho Hashimoto. fixes #4599
-
-Mon Apr 25 08:24:04 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* random.c (rb_f_rand, random_s_rand): RDocs for them.
-
-Mon Apr 25 07:18:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* random.c (random_s_rand, Init_Random): Random.rand should behave as
-	  Random::DEFAULT.rand rather than Kernel#rand.
-
-	* random.c (rand_range, random_rand): rand_range function extracted
-	  from random_rand function.
-
-	* random.c (rb_f_rand): accept a Range argument as Random#rand
-	  [ruby-dev:43427] #4605
-
-Mon Apr 25 03:31:06 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/time.rb: require 'date'.
-	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb: removed require line.
-
-Mon Apr 25 03:08:39 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb: require 'date'.
-
-Mon Apr 25 03:04:16 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb (_iso8601): added a pattern.
-
-Mon Apr 25 02:51:22 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb: require 'date_core.so'.
-	  date/format needs methods which are now in date_core.so.
-	  This breaks make rdoc which uses Date._parse from time.rb.
-
-Mon Apr 25 02:47:46 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb (_iso8601): fixed a bug of regex.
-
-Mon Apr 25 02:12:26 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb: an adjustment of regex.
-
-Mon Apr 25 01:58:50 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb: omitted to call _parse.
-
-Mon Apr 25 01:03:03 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* string.c (rb_to_id): remove unused variable.
-
-Sun Apr 24 22:19:05 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* complex.c, rational.c: omitted some method calls.
-
-Sun Apr 24 02:57:27 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_parse.c (n2i): takes long.
-
-Sun Apr 24 02:51:06 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_parse.c: reverted.
-
-Sun Apr 24 02:25:23 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h: pcc can't use __builtin_constant_p.
-
-	* vm_exec.c: change condition.
-
-Sun Apr 24 01:58:01 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (leap_p): suppress warning: parentheses.
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (date_s__parse_internal): remove unused
-	  variable "str".
-
-	* ext/date/date_parse.c (parse_ddd_cb): use RSTRING_LENINT.
-
-	* ext/date/date_strftime.c (date_strftime_with_tmx): remove unused
-	  variable.
-
-Sun Apr 24 00:34:23 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_parse.c: removed some unused macros.  use strchr()
-	  instead of index().
-
-Sat Apr 23 21:29:42 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: replacement of implementation of
-	  _parse.  [experimental]
-	* ext/date/date_parse.c: new.
-	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb: removed ruby version of _parse.
-
-Fri Apr 22 12:04:15 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_sort_bang): fix rdoc.
-	  patched by burningTyger. https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/11
-
-Fri Apr 22 11:49:49 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/xmlrpc/create.rb (XMLRPC::Create#conv2value):
-	  XML-RPC's int is 32bit int, and Fixnum also may be beyond 32bit.
-
-	* lib/xmlrpc/create.rb (XMLRPC::Create#conv2value):
-	  XML-RPC doesn't allow Infinity and NaN.
-	  http://www.xmlrpc.com/spec
-
-Fri Apr 22 04:16:14 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/parser.c (parse): strings from psych have proper taint
-	  markings.
-
-	* test/psych/test_tainted.rb: test for string taint
-
-Thu Apr 21 01:30:02 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* random.c (rb_f_srand): fix rdoc: srand(0)'s 0 is a seed.
-	  [ruby-core:35833] fixes #4590
-
-Thu Apr 21 01:01:28 2011  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (CreateChild): maximum length of lpCommandLine is
-	  32,768 characters, including the Unicode terminating null character.
-
-Wed Apr 20 21:32:11 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_strptime.c (date__strptime_internal): do not
-	  overwrite local variables.
-
-Wed Apr 20 14:41:28 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_each_line): check string's length when compare
-	  separator and string. [ruby-core:35815] fixes #4586
-
-Wed Apr 20 00:02:13 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-partial): use position of open paren.
-
-Tue Apr 19 01:00:21 2011  Tajima Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_cross_thread_close_fd):
-	  skip cross thread pipe close if windows
-
-Mon Apr 18 12:15:46 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_range.rb (TestRange#test_step_ruby_core_35753):
-	  avoid float error. [ruby-core:35804]
-
-Sun Apr 17 00:20:14 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_{core,strftime}.c: use struct tmx instead of vtm.
-	* ext/date/date_tmx.h: new.
-
-Sat Apr 16 22:23:52 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_strftime.c (date_strftime_wo_timespec): changed
-	  the way of validation of locale modifiers.
-
-Sat Apr 16 21:55:12 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: replacement of implementation of
-	  _strptime.  [experimental]
-	* ext/date/date_strptime.c: new.
-	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb: removed ruby version of _strptime.
-
-Sat Apr 16 10:18:30 2011  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* vm.c (Init_VM): suppress warning: "OPT_BASIC_OPERATIONS" is not
-	  defined.
-
-Fri Apr 15 23:41:18 2011  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* ruby.c (proc_options): suppress warning:
-	  "ALLOW_DEFAULT_SOURCE_ENCODING" is not defined.
-
-Fri Apr 15 15:10:29 2011  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (#route_from_path): Fix a bug where
-	  URI('http://h/b/').route_to('http://h/b') wrongly returned './'
-	  (should be '../b'). [Bug #4476]
-
-Fri Apr 15 14:58:06 2011  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#touch): Fix corrupted output when
-	  mtime is specified in addition to nocreate (and verbose).
-	  ref [ruby-dev:43401]
-
-Thu Apr 14 23:43:43 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (ruby_float_step): wrong loop condition.
-	  fixes [ruby-core:35753], reported by Joey Zhou.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_range.rb (TestRange#test_step_ruby_core_35753):
-	  test above change.
-
-Thu Apr 14 22:48:12 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Options#setup_options): set possible
-	  values for completion. no conversion is needed.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Runner::Worker#initialize): use
-	  positional arguments instead of keyword arguments.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Runner#jobs_status): io/console may
-	  not be available. use 80 as the last resort if IO#winsize and
-	  COLUMNS are unavailable.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Runner::Worker#died): rename using a
-	  verb.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Runner#_run_parallel): check if worker
-	  is signaled and use its exit status.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Runner::Worker#dead): no longer @in
-	  and @out are separated.
-
-Thu Apr 14 21:23:29 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* variable.c (rb_autoload_p): search superclasses as same as actual
-	  loading.  fixes [ruby-core:35679]
-
-Thu Apr 14 21:21:06 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/win32.h (frexp, modf): wrongly declared as pure in
-	  mingw math.h.
-
-	* include/ruby/win32.h (ftruncate, truncate): mingw64 misses
-	  prototypes.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_read): suppress warning.
-
-Thu Apr 14 19:55:54 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#touch): fix corrupted output when
-	  FileUtils.touch(:nocreate => true, :verbose => true) case.
-	  The patch was written by Hiroyuki Iwatsuki. [ruby-dev:43401]
-
-Thu Apr 14 16:01:45 2011  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* io.c (rb_f_syscall): suppress warning: "HAVE___SYSCALL" is not
-	  defined.
-
-Thu Apr 14 00:41:09 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (thread_fd_close_i): IOError exception should be assigned
-	  to rb_thread_t::thrown_errinfo.
-
-Wed Apr 13 20:12:26 2011  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_fdatasync): remove unused variable.
-
-Tue Apr 12 20:54:12 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/st.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Apr 12 19:19:50 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb: avoid race condition. fixes #4572
-
-Tue Apr 12 18:07:13 2011  TAKAO Kouji  <kouji@takao7.net>
-
-	* ext/readline/extconf.rb: --disable-libedit to disable
-	  libedit. fixes #4550
-
-Tue Apr 12 10:37:39 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/win32.h: VC doesn't have ftruncate() and others, but
-	  ruby needs HAVE_ macros to use our emulation functions.
-	  (fix the problem of 31262)
-
-Tue Apr 12 01:33:00 2011  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: properly evaluate existence of truncate, ftruncate
-	  and ftello for MinGW. [ruby-core:35678]
-	* win32/win32.c: rename truncate, ftruncate and ftello to avoid
-	  redefinitions.
-	* win32/win32.h: ditto.
-
-Mon Apr 11 21:51:52 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c: revert r31230. Because it made a regression.
-	  [ruby-core:35631]
-
-Mon Apr 11 21:49:18 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: Added TestIO#test_cross_thread_close_stdio
-	  and TestIO#test_cross_thread_close_fd.
-	  The patch was written by Eric Wong. [ruby-core:35669]
-
-Mon Apr 11 21:15:54 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* file.c (rb_group_member): kill 256K of stack usage.
-	  the patch was written by Eric Wong. [ruby-core:35699]
-
-Mon Apr 11 07:24:13 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl.c:  Fix typo, document version constants.
-
-Sun Apr 10 22:23:45 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sat Apr  9 23:31:47 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_each, strio_readlines):
-	  Use `NUM2LONG` instead of `FIX2INT`. Fixes [ruby-dev:43395].
-
-Sat Apr  9 23:22:27 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_each):
-	  Fix exception message and don't raise immediately if block is not
-	  given.
-	  Fixes [ruby-dev:43394].
-
-	* test/stringio/test_stringio.rb (test_each_line_limit_0):
-	  Fix test for above.
-
-Sat Apr  9 21:54:15 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_each, strio_readlines):
-	  limit must not be zero. Fixes [ruby-dev:43392].
-
-	* test/stringio/test_stringio.rb: Add tests for above.
-
-Sat Apr  9 18:01:36 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/util.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Fri Apr  8 16:01:56 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_getline): check whether str is
-	  a string when str and lim are given.
-	  https://twitter.com/watson1978/status/56225052152168449
-
-Thu Apr  7 20:03:52 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/io.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Wed Apr  6 21:08:31 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Wed Apr  6 15:12:40 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c (ossl_dh_initialize):
-	  pop pushed error after each try of reading. fixes #4550
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c (ossl_dsa_initialize): ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c (ossl_ec_initialize): ditto.
-
-Wed Apr  6 11:36:44 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c (ossl_rsa_initialize):
-	  pop pushed error after each try of reading. fixes #4550
-
-Tue Apr  5 20:33:43 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/encoding.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Mon Apr  4 22:02:16 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/io/nonblock/nonblock.c (io_nonblock_set): Avoid F_SETFL if
-	  we're not changing the O_NONBLOCK bit. F_SETFL is an expensive
-	  operation since it needs to affect all processes with the same
-	  file object.
-	  The patch is written by Eric Wong. [ruby-core:35556]
-
-Mon Apr  4 21:41:26 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_syswrite): While local FS writes are usually
-	  buffered, the buffers can be full or the file opened with
-	  O_SYNC. IO#syswrite can also be used on blocking IOs
-	  (pipe/socket) just like IO#write.
-	  The patch is written by Eric Wong. [ruby-core:35554]
-
-Mon Apr  4 11:50:40 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/test_tempfile.rb: simply ignore platform dependent testcases
-	  instead of skipping.
-
-Sun Apr  3 22:52:22 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/syslog/syslog.c: improve rdoc.
-	  a patch by Jonas Pfenniger. [ruby-core:35592] fixes #4545
-
-Sun Apr  3 22:10:09 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sun Apr  3 21:33:58 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: disable fdatasync again on Mac OS X.
-	  [ruby-core:35493][Bug #4500]
-
-Sun Apr  3 21:16:20 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (io_reopen): IO#close releases GVL if possible.
-	  close() may block for certain file types (NFS, SO_LINGER
-	  sockets, inotify), so let other threads run. The patch was
-	  created by Eric Wong [ruby-core:35555][Bug #4527]
-
-	* io.c (fptr_finalize): ditto.
-
-	* io.c (maygvl_fclose): new.
-	* io.c (nogvl_fclose): ditto.
-	* io.c (maygvl_close): ditto.
-	* io.c (nogvl_close): ditto.
-
-Fri Apr  1 22:25:50 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/syslog/syslog.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Fri Apr 1 18:53:06 2011  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/cookie.rb (WEBrick::Cookie.parse): 'white space is
-	  permitted between tokens' according to RFC2965. Though 'Netscape
-	  spec' does not define the syntax clearly, make it tolerant as a
-	  server. As a real-world example, rest-client gem sends
-	  'Cookie: foo=1;bar=2'
-
-	* test/webrick/test_cookie.rb (test_parse_non_whitespace): test it.
-
-Fri Apr  1 13:19:20 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_core.h (RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS_TH): merge a patch by ko1
-	  in [ruby-dev:43373].
-
-Thu Mar 31 23:15:46 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-brace-to-do-end, ruby-do-end-to-brace):
-	  adjust space between block beginning and block arguments
-
-Thu Mar 31 20:42:05 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/strscan/strscan.c:  parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Thu Mar 31 18:06:12 2011  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_get_ev_const): should ignore crefs with
-	  the NODE_FL_CREF_PUSHED_BY_EVAL flag.
-
-Thu Mar 31 16:49:56 2011  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_get_ev_const): search root cref properly.
-	  [ruby-dev:43365]
-
-Thu Mar 31 14:50:25 2011  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_mod_s_constants): should ignore crefs with
-	  the NODE_FL_CREF_PUSHED_BY_EVAL flag.
-
-Wed Mar 30 22:55:47 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-toggle-block): toggle do/end and {}.
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-move-to-block): move to opening of
-	  block.
-
-Wed Mar 30 14:35:15 2011  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.h (COPY_CREF): should copy
-	  the NODE_FL_CREF_PUSHED_BY_EVAL flag to hide constants from
-	  methods defined by class_eval.  [ruby-dev:43365]
-
-Wed Mar 30 00:24:53 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Mar 29 21:51:31 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* object.c (rb_String): Kernel#String should call to_str before to_s.
-
-Tue Mar 29 10:28:08 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/webrick/test_filehandler.rb
-	  (WEBrick::TestFileHandler#test_short_filename): the cgi doesn't exist
-	  on current directory.
-
-Tue Mar 29 05:19:57 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Mar 29 00:03:51 2011 Tajima Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
-
-	* test/webrick/test_filehandler.rb (test_short_filename):
-	  read real short filename by cmd because smb mounted files
-	  have different naming convention.
-
-Mon Mar 28 11:38:08 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (date_s_today): use int for year.
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (datetime_s_now): ditto.
-
-Mon Mar 28 11:07:41 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/extmk.rb: set MFLAGS from MAKEFLAGS when using nmake.
-
-Mon Mar 28 11:07:00 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (love): all you need is love.
-
-Sun Mar 27 23:16:31 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/ipsocket.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sun Mar 27 16:55:34 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-mode-map): remove unnecessary
-	  binding. fixes
-	  http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=468952
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el: suppress warnings at byte compile.  fixes
-	  http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=502926
-
-Sun Mar 27 11:18:35 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: removed unused variables.
-
-Sat Mar 26 15:16:09 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/getaddrinfo.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sat Mar 26 05:27:34 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb (DateTime#strftime): removed because
-	  date_core defines it.
-
-Fri Mar 25 21:59:45 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: should not force cast with macros.
-
-Fri Mar 25 21:56:10 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/sdbm/init.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Fri Mar 25 19:39:40 2011  Ben Walton <bwalton@artsci.utoronto.ca>
-
-	* test/test_syslog.rb:
-	  Skip syslog tests that rely on LOG_PERROR unless it's defined
-
-	  Instead of checking looking at the platform to determine if the tests
-	  relying on LOG_PERROR should be run, look for the definition of the
-	  constant as this will be robust against all platforms as long as the
-	  underlying syslog.c code sets it up correctly.
-
-	  This specifically addresses failures on Solaris 9.
-
-	  Use LOG_PID instead of LOG_PERROR in Syslog.open test
-
-	  LOG_PERROR isn't a POSIX option for syslog, so it fails on platforms
-	  that don't define it.  Solaris 9 and 10 are examples of this.
-
-	  Use LOG_PID instead.
-
-Fri Mar 25 15:42:17 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/sdbm/_sdbm.c (sdbm_open): use size_t.
-
-	* ext/syck/bytecode.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/sdbm/_sdbm.c (delpair): use ptrdiff_t.
-
-	* ext/sdbm/init.c: use RSTRING_LENINT.
-
-	* ext/dl/handle.c: suppress warning: shorten-64-to-32.
-
-	* ext/strscan/strscan.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/syck/emitter.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/syck/implicit.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/syck/syck.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/syck/token.c: ditto.
-
-Fri Mar 25 12:14:58 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c: import nkf 7f18e30.
-
-Fri Mar 25 11:49:29 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (TestProcess#test_no_curdir): skip silently
-	  on Windows, because this tests a platform specific feature and it'll
-	  never be supported on ruby on Windows.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_dir_m17n.rb
-	  (TestDir_M17N#test_filename_extutf8_invalid,
-	  TestDir_M17N#test_filename_as_bytes_extutf8): ditto.
-
-	* test/open-uri/test_open-uri.rb
-	  (TestOpenURI#test_find_proxy_case_sensitive_env): ditto.
-
-	* test/dl/test_handle.rb (DL::TestHandle#test_NEXT,
-	  DL::TestHandle#test_DEFAULT): ditto.
-
-Thu Mar 24 23:06:29 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_get_ev_const): should not autoload in
-	  defined? mode.
-
-	* variable.c (rb_const_defined_0): fix autoloading base.
-	  [ruby-core:35509]
-
-Thu Mar 24 22:48:43 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/sdbm/_sdbm.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Thu Mar 24 14:45:57 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl.c: suppress warning: shorten-64-to-32.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl.h: ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_bio.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_hmac.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ns_spki.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs5.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509ext.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c: ditto.
-
-Thu Mar 24 11:48:19 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c (ossl_rand_egd_bytes): use NUM2INT because
-	  the result is used with functions whose argument is int.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_sslctx_setup): ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c (ossl_x509store_set_purpose): ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c (ossl_x509store_set_trust): ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c (ossl_x509stctx_set_purpose): ditto.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c (ossl_x509stctx_set_trust): ditto.
-
-Thu Mar 24 11:36:55 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c: id_aref's type is ID.
-
-Thu Mar 24 10:04:35 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_set_winsize):
-	  suppress warning: shorten-64-to-32.
-
-Thu Mar 24 09:56:19 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c (ossl_ocspreq_verify): flags is VALUE,
-	  so it should use NUM2INT.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c (ossl_ocspbres_verify): ditto.
-
-Wed Mar 23 21:09:29 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Wed Mar 23 08:07:33 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (flo_round): fix inaccurate results.
-
-Wed Mar 23 00:12:16 2011  Tajima Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
-
-	* win32/win32.c: wait process real termination after reading
-	  exit code. fixes #4518
-
-Tue Mar 22 21:20:10 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb: save current dir to @current_dir
-	  before Dir.chdir.
-
-Tue Mar 22 20:10:04 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/psych/parser.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Mar 22 20:10:01 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ruby_missing.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Mar 22 13:33:22 2011  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/buffering.rb: removed circular require of
-	  openssl.rb.
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/*: removed following comment for transition
-	  measures of avoiding circular require. No one claimed about this as
-	  far as I know.
-	  ##
-	  # Should we care what if somebody require this file directly?
-	  # require "openssl"
-
-Tue Mar 22 10:57:36 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/runner.rb: set Gem::TestCase's @@project_dir.
-
-	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb: set Gem::TestCase's @@project_dir only
-	  when it is not defined.
-
-Tue Mar 22 09:38:19 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (flo_round): use pow instead of while-loop. fixes #4510
-	  patched by Alex Young [ruby-core:35526]
-
-Tue Mar 22 06:47:46 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_strftime.c (date_strftime_wo_timespec):
-	  suppress warning: shorten-64-to-32.
-
-Tue Mar 22 06:42:42 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: suppress warning: shorten-64-to-32.
-
-Tue Mar 22 06:41:37 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: remove unused variable.
-
-Tue Mar 22 06:19:42 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/utf_16le.c: suppress warning: shorten-64-to-32.
-
-	* ext/dbm/dbm.c: ditto.
-
-	* ext/gdbm/gdbm.c: ditto.
-
-	* parse.y (Init_ripper): suppress warning: unused value.
-
-Mon Mar 21 11:21:32 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: Refactoring. Unified if and elsif.
-
-Sun Mar 20 23:09:34 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_strftime.c: checks duplicated modifiers.
-
-Sun Mar 20 22:32:30 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_strftime.c: removed unused code and arguments.
-
-Sun Mar 20 21:34:49 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: replacement of implementation of
-	  strftime. It has some limitations that is same as Time's
-	  one.  [experimental]
-	* ext/date/date_strftime.c: new.
-	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb: removed ruby version of strftime.
-
-Sun Mar 20 12:43:12 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sun Mar 20 01:39:48 2011  Tajima Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
-
-	* hash.c (ruby_setenv): check env process block size with OS ver.
-	* win32/win32.c: export rb_w32_osver for above patch.
-	* include/ruby/win32.h: declare rb_w32_osver for Win32 Libs.
-
-Sat Mar 19 18:35:05 2011  Tajima Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
-
-	* hash.c (ruby_setenv): calculate total env block size for win32.
-	* test/ruby/test_env.rb: add test for above patch.
-
-Sat Mar 19 17:14:46 2011  Tajima Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
-
-	* hash.c (ruby_setenv): checking with max process environment
-	  block size for Win32. 32767 for 2000/XP, 2003. if failed to
-	  read the block, then checking with 5120 for earlier Windows.
-
-Sat Mar 19 12:30:25 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509revoked.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Fri Mar 18 20:44:36 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509req.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Fri Mar 18 08:48:06 2011  Oleg Shaldybin  <oleg.shaldybin@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils::Entry_#copy_file): updated FileUtils.cp
-	  to still copy file permissions when :preserve is false (as cp does
-	  this even when -p isn't set).
-
-Fri Mar 18 00:59:38 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/extconf.rb (create_docfile): removed.  should not
-	  modify source directory unnecessarily, platform dependent
-	  documentation should be dealt with by rdoc.  [ruby-core:35495]
-
-Fri Mar 18 00:54:20 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_funcall_passing_block): add prototype.
-	  a patch by James M. Lawrence at [ruby-core:35501]
-
-Wed Mar 17 06:23:31 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Wed Mar 16 20:36:56 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/ipsocket.c (init_inetsock_internal): raise an error on
-	  listen(2) failure.
-	  reported by Xavier Shay.  [ruby-core:35505]
-
-Wed Mar 16 15:06:21 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/buffering.rb (module OpenSSL): #flush should
-	  not change sync mode on exception.
-	* test/openssl/test_buffering.rb: added
-
-Wed Mar 16 13:45:28 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/buffering.rb: de-nest Buffering module
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/buffering.rb: add RDoc
-
-Wed Mar 16 08:40:39 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509ext.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Mar 15 18:34:27 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509crl.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Mar 15 09:49:03 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* test/misc/test_ruby_mode.rb (test_singleton_class): Skip for Pending.
-
-Mon Mar 14 21:20:44 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_require.rb (test_require_too_long_filename):
-	  increase path length, because MAXPATHLEN is defined as 4096 on linux.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_require.rb (test_require_path_home_1): ditto.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_require.rb (test_require_path_home_2): ditto.
-
-Mon Mar 14 19:54:37 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sun Mar 13 18:11:28 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509attr.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sun Mar 13 16:07:58 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/pstore.rb: Fix don't raise "nested transaction" when thread_safe
-	  is true. Patch by Masaki Matsushita (Glass_saga). [ruby-dev:43337]
-
-	* test/test_pstore.rb: Test for above.
-	  Patch by Masaki Matsushita (Glass_saga) [ruby-dev:43337]
-
-Sat Mar 12 04:12:41 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sat Mar 12 02:27:07 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c ({d,dt}_lite_marshal_load): checks the given
-	  argument.
-
-Sat Mar 12 01:26:24 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: changed some directives.
-
-Sat Mar 12 01:16:02 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c, ext/date/lib/*: moved rdoc descriptions.
-
-Sat Mar 12 00:06:24 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* ext/date/lib: moved from lib.
-
-Fri Mar 11 23:32:38 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date/delta*: removed undocumented delta.
-
-Fri Mar 11 18:42:43 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (find_executable0): should exclude directories.
-
-Fri Mar 11 01:40:35 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* process.c (proc_getmaxgroups, proc_setmaxgroups): Process#maxgroups
-	  and Process#maxgroups= now raise NotImplementedError if the
-	  platform don't support supplementary groups concept.
-
-Fri Mar 11 01:25:03 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* process.c (get_sc_ngroups_max): return -1 if platform don't
-	  support NGROUPS_MAX.
-
-Thu Mar 10 22:28:15 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Thu Mar 10 21:59:37 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_encode_length): add exception as UTF8-MAC for
-	  magic comment's emacs newline specifier
-	  patched by James M. Lawrence [ruby-core:35476] fixes #4489
-
-Thu Mar 10 16:00:22 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_encode_length): fix typo: the length of
-	  "-dos" and "-mac" is not 5 but 4.
-	  patched by James M. Lawrence [ruby-core:35476] fixes #4489
-
-Thu Mar 10 10:52:01 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_require.rb: setting too long string to ENV causes
-	  Errno::EINVAL on Windows.  long path name errors may causes over
-	  about 1024 bytes, then limit it about 4000 bytes.
-
-Thu Mar 10 10:09:35 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Runner::Worker#read): fix for the case
-	  when IO#read or IO#gets returns nil.
-
-Thu Mar 10 07:12:03 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
-
-	* lib/rubygems*: Import rubygems 1.6.2 (release candidate @ 2026fbb5)
-	* test/rubygems: Ditto
-	* test/runner.rb: Added test to load path to fix test requires.
-
-Thu Mar 10 03:00:43 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Wed Mar  9 23:51:26 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb (test_io_new_enc): "sjis" is now an alias
-	  of Windows-31J.
-
-Wed Mar  9 23:06:13 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-partial): fix indent after aref.
-
-Wed Mar  9 12:50:24 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: Rescue exceptions when
-	  people implement the method method. Thanks Lin Jen-Shin.
-	  [ruby-core:35255]
-
-	* test/psych/visitors/test_yaml_tree.rb: test for implementation of
-	  method method.
-
-Wed Mar  9 11:53:31 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/shift_jis.c: Change SJIS as an alias of Windows-31J.
-	  [ruby-dev:43027] fixes #4280
-
-	* enc/shift_jis.c: Add PCK as an alias of Windows-31J.
-
-Wed Mar  9 00:45:29 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/extmk.rb: nmake substitutes all occurrences in macro.
-
-	* ext/extmk.rb: workaround for nmake.
-
-Tue Mar  8 23:49:45 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* process.c (proc_setgroups): cleanup.
-
-Tue Mar  8 23:40:30 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/misc/test_ruby_mode.rb: test for ruby-mode.el.
-
-Tue Mar  8 23:27:38 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* process.c (get_sc_ngroups_max): try to use NGROUPS_MAX at first if
-	  _SC_NGROUP_MAX is not defined.
-
-Tue Mar  8 23:10:16 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-partial): fix for array in block.
-
-Tue Mar  8 21:44:49 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Mar  8 16:45:31 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (ruby_setenv): MSDN says that Windows XP or earlier limits
-	  the total size of environment block to 5,120 chars.  and on such
-	  OS, putenv() causes SEGV.  So, ruby should limit the size of an
-	  environment variable to 5,120 bytes for workaround.
-
-Tue Mar  8 15:57:20 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem_spec_fetcher.rb
-	  (TestGemSpecFetcher#test_cache_dir_escapes_windows_paths): cache_dir
-	  may have driveletter and `:' for base of cache_dir itself, so need
-	  to skip it for checking.
-
-Tue Mar  8 12:30:06 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-deep-indent-paren-p, ruby-calculate-indent):
-	  do not apply deep-indent inside parens at the beginning of
-	  expressions.
-
-Tue Mar  8 09:32:48 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (configure-ext, build-ext), ext/extmk.rb (extmake):
-	  support parallel-make under ext.
-
-Tue Mar  8 09:25:23 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c (proc_setgroups): use getgrnam() if getgrnam_r() is
-	  not available.
-
-	* process.c: RARRAY_LEN() returns long int.
-
-Tue Mar  8 09:07:03 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE): enclose in quotes for multiple
-	  type names.
-
-Tue Mar  8 01:43:11 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c (get_sc_ngroups_max): define to wrap sysconf(3).
-	  this also supports Windows which doesn't have sysconf(3).
-
-	* process.c (maxgroups): use get_sc_ngroups_max.
-
-	* process.c (proc_setmaxgroups): ditto.
-
-Tue Mar  8 01:16:49 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_objspace): an initializer must be a constant.
-
-Tue Mar  8 01:11:44 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c (maxgroups): cast because sysconf(3)'s return value is long.
-
-	* process.c (proc_setmaxgroups): ditto.
-
-	* process.c (proc_setgroups): cast because RARRAY_LEN() is long.
-
-Tue Mar  8 00:02:47 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Mon Mar  7 22:59:39 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/pstore.rb: Delete variable @transaction and fix #4474. Patch by
-	  Masaki Matsushita (Glass_saga).
-
-	* test/test_pstore.rb(test_thread_safe): Add test for #4474.
-
-Mon Mar  7 21:31:38 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* process.c (proc_setgroups): replace getgrnam() with getgrnam_r()
-	  because getgrnam() isn't thread safe.
-
-Mon Mar  7 20:49:12 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* process.c (proc_getmaxgroups, proc_setmaxgroups): reflect
-	  platform maxgroups limitation by default instead hardcoded 65536.
-
-Mon Mar  7 17:13:00 2011  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_gc_set_params): allow GC parameter configuration by
-	  environment variables.  based on a patch from funny-falcon at
-	  https://gist.github.com/856296, but honors safe level.
-
-Mon Mar  7 09:05:18 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c: NUM2RLIM is defined but no getrlimit and setrlimit on
-	  mingw.
-
-Mon Mar  7 08:38:14 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (DateTimeData): should not use bare 'long long'
-	  and 'long double', which are not defined by C89.
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (dt_lite_plus): get rid of overflow at casting
-	  down double to integer.
-
-Mon Mar  7 00:21:11 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* process.c (proc_getgroups): get rid of maxgroups dependency.
-	  ngroups can be calculated dynamically.
-
-Sun Mar  6 23:45:40 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: rlim_t use standard RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE mechanism.
-
-Sun Mar  6 23:26:07 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* process.c (proc_setmaxgroups): added negative value check.
-	  This was suggested by Daniel Berger. Thanks Daniel!
-	  [ruby-core:35426][Bug#4467]
-
-Sun Mar  6 23:18:23 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* process.c (maxgroups, proc_setmaxgroups): increase max groups
-	  limitation up to 65536.
-
-Sun Mar  6 22:20:59 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sun Mar  6 21:49:04 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* sample/list.rb (MyElem#initialize): initialize @head
-	  explicitly. Otherwise -W2 option makes following warning.
-	  "warning: instance variable @head not initialized".
-	  This issue was founded by Andrew Grimm. Thanks Andrew!
-	  [ruby-core:35435][Bug#4471]
-
-Sun Mar  6 05:21:41 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* class.c: fix camelCase to snake_case in documentation code examples.
-	  patched by Andrew Grimm. fixes Bug #4469
-
-	* marshal.c: ditto.
-
-	* proc.c: ditto.
-
-	* sample/biorhythm.rb: ditto.
-
-	* vm_eval.c: ditto.
-
-	* vm_method.c: ditto.
-
-
-Sun Mar  6 03:22:27 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (io_cntl): use rb_thread_io_blocking_region() instead
-	  rb_thread_blocking_region().
-
-Sat Mar  5 22:54:36 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h: fix a typo of prototype declaration.
-	  rb_mutex_try_lock -> rb_mutex_trylock [ruby-dev:43213]
-
-Sat Mar  5 19:44:03 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_fcntl_lock): small clean up.
-
-Sat Mar  5 01:33:46 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (io_cntl, nogvl_io_cntl): IO.fcntl() and IO.ioctl()
-	  release GVL during calling kernel interface.
-	  Suggested by Eric Wong. [ruby-core:35417][Bug #4463]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_fcntl_lock): add new test for
-	  IO.fcntl().
-
-Fri Mar  4 23:09:12 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb
-	  (test_should_run_all_without_any_leaks): consider that the order of
-	  testcase could change. [ruby-dev:43300] [Bug #4466]
-
-Fri Mar  4 22:01:14 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (io_cntl): change 'cmd' type to int. ioctl and fcntl need to
-	  be passed int.
-	* io.c (rb_io_ctl): ditto.
-
-Fri Mar  4 21:10:40 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: save warnflags. the patch is created by Eric Wong.
-	  [Bug #4465]
-
-Wed Mar  2 21:15:00 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Thu Mar  3 22:10:26 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c (check_exec_redirect_fd, check_exec_redirect): raise
-	  ArgumentError if fd >= 3 on Windows because the feature is not
-	  supported.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_execopts_redirect): remove meaningless
-	  argument.
-
-Thu Mar  3 21:21:42 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_execopts_redirect): redirecting fd
-	  >= 3 is not supported on Windows, so should not specify such options
-	  when calling spawn or others.
-
-Thu Mar  3 18:59:04 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_slice_bang): raise error when the string is frozen.
-
-Thu Mar  3 14:25:19 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* strftime.c (STRFTIME): return 0 and ERANGE when precision is too
-	  large. [ruby-dev:43284] fixes #4456
-
-Thu Mar  3 00:46:51 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (uleb128): cast the value to unsigned long.
-
-	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): print error when lseek fails.
-
-Thu Mar  3 00:36:29 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/encoding.rb (REXML::Encoding#encoding=): store @encoding
-	  a String which means the name of the encoding.
-	  this partially revert r29646.
-
-	* lib/rexml/document.rb: follow above.
-
-	* lib/rexml/output.rb: ditto.
-
-	* lib/rexml/parsers/baseparser.rb: ditto.
-
-	* lib/rexml/source.rb: ditto.
-
-	* lib/rexml/xmldecl.rb: ditto.
-
-Wed Mar  2 23:19:56 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (str_byte_substr): return nil for negative length.
-
-Wed Mar  2 21:15:00 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Wed Mar  2 14:24:04 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: Fix name from `inclement_io` to
-	  `increment_io`.
-
-Wed Mar  2 14:06:01 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_slice_bang): move treatments which is only needed
-	  when the result is not nil.
-
-Wed Mar  2 14:02:29 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb(TestParallel#spawn_runner):
-	  Fix outputing empty line in running test.
-
-	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/test_third.rb: Remove `sleep`
-
-Tue Mar  1 22:29:10 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Mar  1 22:02:35 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: Fix number.
-
-Tue Mar  1 21:48:22 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: For Windows.
-
-	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb(TestParallelWorker#test_quit_in_test):
-	  Fix for above specification change.
-	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb(TestParallel#spawn_runner):
-	  Fix outputing empty line in running test.
-
-Tue Mar  1 20:51:57 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_system.rb (TestSystem#test_system_at):
-	  remove tests for [bug#4396]. because we decided to reject this
-	  ticket.
-
-Tue Mar  1 19:46:19 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* test/date/{test_date.rb,test_date_attr.rb}: [ruby-dev:43280]
-
-Tue Mar  1 18:40:38 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryan@YPCMC09457>
-
-	* lib/rubygems*: Import rubygems 1.6.0 (released version @ 58d8a0b9)
-	* test/rubygems: Ditto
-
-Tue Mar  1 16:22:22 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c: revert r30987 because it causes some failures in
-	  test-all, especially webrick.
-
-Tue Mar  1 15:59:53 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_byteslice): the resulted encoding should keep
-	  original encoding. this also fixes the encoding when the result
-	  shares internal string. [ruby-core:35376]
-
-Tue Mar  1 13:25:00 2011  Kenta Murata <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (VpMemAlloc): CVE-2011-0188.
-	  Fixes a bug reported by Drew Yao <ayao at apple.com>
-
-Tue Mar  1 10:34:39 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_byteslice): Add String#byteslice. [ruby-core:35376]
-
-Tue Mar  1 00:12:49 2011  Tajima Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
-
-	* include/ruby/win32.h: define WIN32 if neither _WIN64 nor WIN32
-	  defined. it forces to use push/pop for pack(4) pragma.
-
-Mon Feb 28 23:52:13 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/testunit/test_rake_integration.rb (test_with_rake_runner):
-	  use assert_in_out_err for suppress messages.
-
-Mon Feb 28 22:48:56 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_spawn): use shell if a commandline contain
-	  double-quote character.
-	* win32/win32.c (is_internal_cmd): similar, use shell if a commandline
-	  contain caret character.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_system.rb (TestSystem#test_system_at): fix
-	  wrong test case. if system() invoke a command by using shell,
-	  system() never return nil. Also, "" quotation must not appear
-	  twice in a command line.
-
-Mon Feb 28 17:36:57 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Mon Feb 28 16:48:42 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Mon Feb 28 16:28:15 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (tr_trans): when the hash for multibyte repl is empty,
-	  tr is inverse mode, and a character doesn't much the table, the
-	  character should be replaced by last replacement. Bug #4449
-
-Mon Feb 28 16:38:56 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Mon Feb 28 13:02:15 2011  Danial Pearce <github@tigris.id.au>
-
-	* lib/tempfile.rb: Fix example file paths in docs for tempfile.
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/5
-
-Mon Feb 28 12:56:18 2011  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c (ossl_cipher_init): typo fix.
-	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/8
-
-Mon Feb 28 12:28:13 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c (datetime_s_now): localtime() and localtime_r()
-	  required time_t pointer as 1st parameter, and tv_sec member of struct
-	  timeval is long.
-
-Mon Feb 28 11:57:40 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb: Temporally disable test on Windows.
-
-Mon Feb 28 07:28:35 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb(Test::Unit::Runner#after_worker_quit):
-	  method name more be natural English.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb(Test::Unit::Runner::Worker.launch):
-	  IO.sync doesn't need. Should use "b" for mode.
-
-Sun Feb 27 21:59:37 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_system.rb (TestSystem#test_system_redirect_win):
-	  add test for system().
-
-Sun Feb 27 18:00:09 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: Refactoring; Worker never use Hash for internal
-	  storage.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: Never use Kernel#spawn. Use IO.popen instead.
-
-Sun Feb 27 13:16:48 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ns_spki.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sat Feb 26 17:07:53 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date.rb: [Feature #4257]
-
-	* ext/date/extconf.rb: new
-
-	* ext/date/date_core.c: new
-
-Sat Feb 26 16:10:23 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: --jobs-status won't puts over 2 lines.
-
-	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb: Fix test for above.
-
-	* lib/test/*: refactoring.
-
-Sat Feb 26 07:10:05 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb: fix parsing timezone's whose
-	  whose format is (+/-)hhmm.  Thanks Goncalo Silva!
-
-	* test/psych/test_scalar_scanner.rb: test for bug.
-
-Thu Feb 24 23:02:55 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_hmac.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Thu Feb 24 22:53:10 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (love): for the birthday.
-
-Thu Feb 24 22:51:54 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (ruby_vm_destruct): run vm exit hooks after all objects are
-	  destructed.
-
-Thu Feb 24 14:40:33 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* ChangeLog (vim): Modeline for vim
-
-Thu Feb 24 13:39:25 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* common.mk: Use $RUNRUBY for worker process.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: Fix bug.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: @options[:ruby](@opts[:ruby]) is now Array.
-
-	* test/testunit/parallel.rb: Fix for above.
-
-Thu Feb 24 10:05:55 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/misc.rb: Fix bug in r30947.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb, lib/test/unit/assertions.rb: For this test.
-
-Wed Feb 23 23:07:38 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb, test/testunit/parallel/*:
-	  Test for r30939.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: For test.
-
-	* lib/test/parallel.rb: For test.
-
-	* lib/test/unit/testcase.rb: For test.
-
-Wed Feb 23 22:05:13 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_engine.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Feb 22 23:15:17 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: Fix --ruby option doesn't effect.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: Fix typo.
-
-Tue Feb 22 21:39:28 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Feb 22 14:34:26 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: Fix merging miss.
-
-Tue Feb 22 12:27:26 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: Add new options; --jobs,-j,--ruby,--jobs-status,
-	  --no-retry.
-	  [Feature #4415] [ruby-dev:43226],[ruby-dev:43222],[ruby-core:35294]
-
-	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: Used at test/unit --jobs(-j) option.
-
-	* test/csv/test_serialization.rb: test/unit parallel running ready.
-
-	* test/rake/test_file_task.rb: test/unit parallel running ready.
-
-Tue Feb 22 06:09:10 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/syslog/syslog.c: Apply documentation patch from mathew murphy.
-	  [Bug #4149]
-
-Tue Feb 22 03:09:10 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: increase Psych to 1.1.0 for help with
-	  debugging.
-
-Tue Feb 22 03:04:46 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/streaming.rb: refactor streaming methods to a
-	  module.
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/stream.rb: extracted streaming specific methods
-	  to a module.
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/stream.rb: JSON stream inherits from
-	  JSONTree and includes streaming methods.
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/json_tree.rb: JSON does not support
-	  object references, so remove object reference testing when building
-	  JSON trees.
-
-Tue Feb 22 02:41:51 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb (accept): use Hash#key?
-	  when looking up object references to err on the side of cache
-	  misses.
-
-Mon Feb 21 10:58:39 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/yaml_events.rb: refactoring JSON event
-	  handling methods to a module for reuse.
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/tree_builder.rb: AST builder uses JSON
-	  event methods.
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/stream.rb: stream emitter uses JSON event
-	  methods.
-
-Mon Feb 21 10:54:29 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/stream.rb: do not emit custom tags in maps
-	  or sequences when emitting JSON.
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/tree_builder.rb: do not emit custom tags in
-	  sequences when emitting JSON.
-	* test/psych/json/test_stream.rb: tests for custom stream emits.
-	* test/psych/test_json_tree.rb: tests for JSON emits.
-
-Mon Feb 21 10:05:10 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/ruby_events.rb: DRY up ruby event handling
-	  for JSON.
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/json_tree.rb: use ruby events module
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/stream.rb: ditto
-
-Mon Feb 21 10:01:01 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/stream.rb: fix JSON stream emits to use
-	  double quotes during stream.
-	* test/psych/json/test_stream.rb: tests to reflect changes.
-
-Mon Feb 21 00:38:56 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_system.rb (TestSystem#test_system_at):
-	  add testcase for bug4396.
-
-Sun Feb 20 19:59:32 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sun Feb 20 16:26:45 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (exec_recursive): prevent temporary objects from GC.
-
-	* prevent temporary objects from GC, and should not use
-	  RSTRING_PTR() for function calls since it evaluates the argument
-	  a couple of times.
-
-Sun Feb 20 16:22:53 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_flock): use rb_thread_io_blocking_region for the
-	  time being.
-
-Sun Feb 20 05:33:17 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
-
-	* lib/minitest/*.rb: Imported minitest 2.0.2 r6207.
-	* test/minitest/*: ditto
-
-Sun Feb 20 02:14:09 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* signal.c (sig_trap): avoid pthread_sigmask(xx, &mask, &mask) usage
-	  because FreeBSD don't permit it. If it's used, it behave as
-	  pthread_sigmask(xx, NULL, &mask).
-
-	* signal.c (init_sigchld): ditto.
-
-Sun Feb 20 00:46:51 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sat Feb 19 22:37:42 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_check_if_namespace): guard temporary object
-	  from GC.
-
-Sat Feb 19 06:36:27 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: partial revert of r30849. [ruby-core:32864]
-
-	* test/testunit/test_rake_integration.rb: adding an integration test
-	  with the rake loader to prevent regressions.
-
-Fri Feb 18 19:31:31 2011  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils::remove_entry_secure): there is a
-	  race condition in the case where the given path is a directory,
-	  and some other user can move that directory, and create a
-	  symlink while this method is executing.
-	  Reported by: Nicholas Jefferson <nicholas at pythonic.com.au>
-
-Fri Feb 18 00:28:39 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* compile.c (get_exception_sym2type): guard temporary object from GC.
-
-Thu Feb 17 23:54:29 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* iseq.c (prepare_iseq_build): initialize iseq_compile_data::err_info
-	  with nil. this fix exception in rb_iseq_load().
-
-Thu Feb 17 22:32:35 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_marshal.rb (test_marshal_dump_extra_iv):
-	  fix a typo of local variable. [Bug #3720] [ruby-dev:42083]
-
-Thu Feb 17 21:32:53 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Wed Feb 16 20:37:48 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* eval_jump.c (rb_exec_end_proc): changed at_exit and END proc
-	  evaluation order. [Bug #4400] [ruby-core:35237]
-	* eval_jump.c (rb_mark_end_proc): ditto.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_beginendblock.rb (TestBeginEndBlock#test_nested_at_exit):
-	  added a test for nested at_exit.
-	* test/ruby/test_beginendblock.rb (TestBeginEndBlock#test_beginendblock):
-	  changed the test to adopt new spec.
-
-Wed Feb 16 20:17:06 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Feb 15 21:37:45 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/gdbm/gdbm.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Feb 15 20:34:53 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* array.c (ary_join_1): fix array size.
-
-Tue Feb 15 19:43:23 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: fix and resubmit r30621. [ruby-dev:43203]
-
-Tue Feb 15 15:41:30 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (array_join): copy the encoding of the first element as
-	  an initial encoding.
-
-	* array.c (array_join_0): ditto.
-
-	* array.c (array_join_1): ditto.
-
-	* array.c (inspect_ary): ditto.
-
-	* array.c (array_join_1): add an argument to check the appending is
-	  first one or not.
-
-Tue Feb 15 15:40:53 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (inspect_i): copy the encoding of the first key as
-	  an initial encoding.
-
-Mon Feb 14 15:00:16 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (inspect_ary): don't taint the inspected result of a
-	  recursive array.
-
-Tue Feb 15 15:43:29 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* encoding.c (rb_enc_compatible): change the rule for empty strings:
-	  remove the special treatment of the US-ASCII encoded empty string.
-	  Now Encoding.compatible? usually respect the encoding of the
-	  receiver.
-
-Tue Feb 15 15:39:37 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_enc_cr_str_buf_cat): remove special treatment of
-	  ASCII-8BIT receivers.
-
-	* string.c (str_gsub): set initial encoding of the buffer as the
-	  same of the receiver. [ruby-core:35141]
-
-Tue Feb 15 09:49:33 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_system.rb (TestSystem#test_system_at): use findstr
-	  command instead of find command, because the latter is confusing
-	  another famous Unix command.
-
-Mon Feb 14 23:01:19 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_io_blocking_region): reset th->waiting_fd
-	  after blocking region, because remaining waiting_fd might
-	  cause unnecessary IOError.
-
-Mon Feb 14 21:06:50 2011  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: revert r30621.  That revision introduced mkmf test
-	  failures and it turned out to be OK to revert. [ruby-dev:43203]
-
-Mon Feb 14 21:04:01 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/conversions.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Mon Feb 14 18:41:47 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* win32/setup.mak (USE_RUBYGEMS): fixed r30835. It didn't work on
-	  mswin32 port. If you changed win32/configure.bat, you should change
-	  setup.mak too.
-
-Mon Feb 14 17:28:34 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_system.rb (TestSystem#test_system_at):
-	  added test. [ruby-core:35218] (#4393)
-
-Mon Feb 14 13:15:35 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (is_internal_cmd): if the first char of prog is '@',
-	  execute it via shell.  [ruby-core:35218] (#4393)
-
-Mon Feb 14 10:33:45 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: revert r30863, because it causes too many noise.
-
-Mon Feb 14 07:34:55 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/curses/curses.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sun Feb 13 19:41:47 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::RequireFiles#non_options): skip
-	  test suites failed to load instead of mere messages.
-
-Sun Feb 13 09:56:44 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_config.rb (OpenSSL#test_freeze): fix error
-	  message assertion.
-
-	* test/io/nonblock/test_flush.rb (TestIONonblock#flush_test):
-	  return true to finish the test.
-
-	* test/syck/test_string.rb (Syck::TestString#test_non_binary_string):
-	  use assert_not instead of refute, unless required minitest
-	  explicitly.
-
-	* test/test_prime.rb (TestPrime::sieve.Integer): ditto.
-
-	* test/xmlrpc/webrick_testing.rb (WEBrick_Testing#start_server):
-	  catch IOError when server socket was closed.
-
-Sun Feb 13 07:39:51 2011  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enum.c (enum_inject): typo fixed. a patch from Gaku Ueda in
-	  [ruby-core:35216].
-
-Sun Feb 13 00:48:47 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date.rb (Date#===): [ruby-core:35127]
-
-Sun Feb 13 00:29:18 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Options#process_args): always
-	  return options.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::RequireFiles#non_options): return
-	  if any test case get loaded.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::AutoRunner#initialize): do not add
-	  default directory if it is nil.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::AutoRunner#process_args): return
-	  true if any test cases to run.
-
-Sat Feb 12 23:17:43 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (assert_include): add alias.
-
-Sat Feb 12 14:44:20 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_io_blocking_region): new function to run
-	  blocking region with GIL released, for fd.
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_fd_close): implement.  [ruby-core:35203]
-
-	* vm.c (th_init): rename from th_init2.
-
-Sat Feb 12 14:41:36 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::AutoRunner#initialize): use
-	  default_dir if no test case given.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Runner): rename from Test::Unit::Mini.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::GlobOption#non_options): run tests
-	  under base directory if no argument given.
-
-Sat Feb 12 08:03:12 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb (TestSetTraceFunc): ensure to use
-	  method_added hook defined in Module.
-
-Sat Feb 12 01:04:02 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ruby.c (proc_options): enable rubygems if --gem option is given.
-
-	* ruby.c (process_options): load rubygems if it is disabled but
-	  --gem option is given.
-
-Fri Feb 11 23:27:50 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* ruby.c (proc_options): add --gem=enabled as an alias of
-	  --enable=gems and --gem=disabled as an alias of --disable=gems.
-	  Gem named "enabled" or "disabled" has already been reserved
-	  legitimately for this purpose.
-
-Fri Feb 11 23:17:04 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/dl/cfunc.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Fri Feb 11 21:41:53 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bin/testrb, test/runner.rb, lib/test/unit.rb: improve backward
-	  compatibility.
-
-Fri Feb 11 19:45:26 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): use rb_ary_free to free internal object.
-
-	* gc.h (RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL): get rid of double free.
-	  [ruby-core:35192]
-
-Fri Feb 11 16:57:03 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_transcode.rb (test_from_cp50221): fix wrong
-	  assertion and move back.
-
-Fri Feb 11 14:33:18 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb (assert_no_match): alias for
-	  backward compatibility.
-
-Fri Feb 11 12:06:48 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ruby.c (add_gems, require_libraries, proc_options): add
-	  --require and --gem options.
-
-Fri Feb 11 12:03:24 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (rubygems): add --disable-rubygems option.
-
-Fri Feb 11 11:39:03 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* template/fake.rb.in (CROSS_COMPILING): get rid of NameError.
-
-Thu Feb 10 23:12:34 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/dl/dl.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Wed Feb  9 23:11:27 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pty/pty.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Feb  8 11:47:11 2011  Loren Sands-Ramshaw  <lorensr@gmail.com>
-
-	* array.c: documentation clarification in rotate, rotate!,
-	  index, and rindex. [ruby-core:35144]
-
-Wed Feb  9 09:45:43 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_encoding.rb: remove unnecessary (and wrong)
-	  platform-dependent hacks.
-
-Wed Feb  9 00:47:18 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/etc/etc.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Feb  8 19:38:00 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-expr-beg): fix for invalid nest errors.
-
-Tue Feb  8 19:22:59 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in (AC_MSG_CHECKING): fixed typo. the patch is
-	  created by Benoit Daloze. Thanks a lot. [Bug #4384][ruby-core:35148]
-
-Tue Feb  8 16:04:03 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_s_sysopen): use NUM2MODET() instead NUM2UINT().
-
-Tue Feb  8 15:59:23 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* process.c (rb_run_exec_options_err): use MODET2NUM() instead
-	  LONG2NUM().
-
-Tue Feb  8 13:59:56 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: revert r30725. Now we have proper runtime fallback.
-	  Therefore, no need compile time disabling. (see r30762).
-
-Tue Feb  8 01:00:21 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* process.c (proc_setgroups): add GC guard to prevent intermediate
-	  variable from GC.
-
-Tue Feb  8 00:56:33 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-expr-beg, ruby-in-here-doc-p): tell
-	  singleton class definitions from here documents.
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-expr-beg, ruby-parse-partial): keyword
-	  followed by colon is label.
-
-Mon Feb  7 22:56:16 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/benchmark.rb (Benchmark#bmbm): use ensure clause instead of
-	  Object#tap to restore STDOUT.sync.
-
-Mon Feb  7 22:34:20 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP#connect): support SNI (Server Name
-	  Indication) for HTTPS.  [ruby-dev:43164]
-	  http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4685736/openssl-server-name-indication-support-in-ruby
-
-Mon Feb  7 16:05:32 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rdoc: Upgrade to RDoc 3.5.3  Fixes [Bug #4376]
-
-Mon Feb  7 11:46:59 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (rdoc): add --encoding=UTF-8; ruby's rdoc must be UTF-8.
-
-Mon Feb  7 10:21:50 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_options.rb (TestRDocOptions#test_check_files):
-	  there is no easy way to create owner unreadable file on Windows.
-	  So, skip the test.
-
-Sun Feb  6 13:48:29 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/json/lib/json/common.rb (JSON::MissingUnicodeSupport.iconv):
-	  should not drop rest of the result.  use Iconv.conv instead.
-
-Sun Feb  6 12:46:02 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* string.c (gsub): Ensure result encoding is the same as input
-	  encoding.  [Bug #4340].
-
-Sun Feb  6 12:18:25 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (words, qwords): dispatch array events.  based on a
-	  patch from Michael Edgar.  [Bug #4365].
-
-Sun Feb  6 12:12:59 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/fileutils/fileasserts.rb (FileAssertions): separate module.
-
-Sun Feb  6 11:29:23 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/dbm/dbm.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sat Feb  5 22:01:59 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert):
-	  revert r30796. r30797 and r30798 are an alternative fix.
-	  [ruby-dev:43174]
-
-Sat Feb  5 21:47:09 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (mlhs_basic): include mlhs_post for ripper.  a patch
-	  from Michael Edgar at [ruby-core:35078].
-
-Sat Feb  5 21:22:21 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb (assert_block): move from
-	  test/fileutils/fileasserts.rb.
-
-	* test/fileutils/fileasserts.rb (assert_block): pass arguments
-	  as-is.  [ruby-dev:43174]
-
-Sat Feb  5 16:47:54 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert):
-	  msg can be passed nil. [Bug #4371] [ruby-dev:43174]
-
-Sat Feb  5 15:18:25 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rdoc: Upgrade to RDoc 3.5.2
-
-Sat Feb  5 12:05:27 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (syck_node_init_copy): SyckNode is not
-	  copiable.  [ruby-core:35094]
-
-Sat Feb  5 11:48:47 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c (ossl_cipher_alloc): leave data ptr
-	  NULL.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c (ossl_cipher_new, ossl_cipher_initialize):
-	  allocate internal structure.  [ruby-core:35094]
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c (ossl_cipher_copy): ditto.
-
-Sat Feb  5 11:29:10 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/json/parser/parser.h (GET_PARSER): raise TypeError.
-
-	* ext/json/parser/parser.rl (cParser_initialize): ditto.
-
-	* ext/json/parser/parser.h (GET_PARSER): check if initialized.
-	  [ruby-core:35079]
-
-	* ext/json/parser/parser.rl (cParser_initialize): ditto.
-
-Sat Feb  5 10:09:31 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* load.c (rb_get_expanded_load_path): always expand load paths.
-
-Sat Feb  5 09:38:08 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* transcode.c (encoded_dup): extract.
-
-Sat Feb  5 03:37:47 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils::LowMethods): make low level methods
-	  in NoWrite and DryRun to do nothing.  [ruby-dev:43129]
-
-	* test/fileutils/fileasserts.rb: add message arguments.
-
-	* test/fileutils/fileasserts.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert_block):
-	  show the given message.
-
-Sat Feb  5 02:09:39 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (lex_getline, parser_set_encode): set encoding of lines
-	  in SCRIPT_LINES__ as source encoding.  [ruby-dev:43168]
-
-Sat Feb  5 02:08:37 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (ruby_thread_data_type): add prefix.
-
-Sat Feb  5 00:59:54 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_core.h (GetThreadPtr): use TypedData_Get_Struct() instead
-	  CoreDataFromValue() because we need type check. Otherwise,
-	  type mismatch can cause segmentation fault crash.
-	  [ruby-core:35086] [Ruby 1.9-Bug#4367]
-
-	* vm.c (thread_data_type): remove static.
-
-Fri Feb  4 19:14:27 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* enc/trans/utf8_mac.trans: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Fri Feb  4 12:11:51 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* string.c (str_utf8_nth): fixed a condition of optimized lead
-	  byte counting. [Bug #4366][ruby-dev:43170]
-
-Fri Feb  4 01:50:13 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* string.c (count_utf8_lead_bytes_with_word): wrote function
-	  comments.
-
-Fri Feb  4 00:14:55 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (gzfile_reader_get_unused): no need to dup
-	  before rb_str_resurrect.
-
-Thu Feb  3 20:04:44 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/curses/curses.c (CHECK): unused macro removed.
-
-Thu Feb  3 18:33:26 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (gzfile_reader_get_unused): use rb_str_resurrect
-	  because gz->z.input is hidden string. [ruby-core:35057]
-
-Thu Feb  3 16:34:10 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/shift_jis.c (code_to_mbc): cast as int from the subtraction of
-	  pointers.
-
-	* enc/utf_16le.c (utf16le_mbc_enc_len): use ptrdiff_t.
-
-	* enc/utf_32be.c (utf32be_left_adjust_char_head): ditto.
-
-	* enc/utf_32le.c (utf32le_left_adjust_char_head): ditto.
-
-Thu Feb  3 16:31:43 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/missing.h: don't use HAVE_STDDEF_H because it never
-	  defined by configure though configure.bat defines it.
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h: move include stddef.h to defines.h
-
-	* include/ruby/defines.h: ditto.
-
-Wed Feb  2 20:25:04 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/encoding.h (rb_enc_step_back): cast 4th argument 'n'
-	  as int because Ruby usually treats length value as long but
-	  onigenc_step_back's 4th argument is int.
-
-Thu Feb  3 07:20:46 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: use Regexp::NOENCODING
-	  rather than magic number.
-
-	* ext/syck/lib/syck/rubytypes.rb: ditto
-
-Thu Feb  3 07:16:11 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* re.c (Init_Regexp): added a constant for ARG_ENCODING_NONE
-	  [ruby-core:35054]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb: corresponding test.
-
-Thu Feb  3 07:02:16 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: ARG_ENCODING_NONE regular
-	  expressions can round trip. [ruby-core:34969]
-
-	* test/psych/test_yaml.rb: test for ARG_ENCODING_NONE regex
-
-	* ext/sych/lib/syck/rubytypes.rb: ARG_ENCODING_NONE regular
-	  expressions can round trip.
-
-	* test/syck/test_yaml.rb: test for ARG_ENCODING_NONE regex
-
-Wed Feb  2 17:09:22 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_fdatasync): Use fsync(2) if the underlying
-	  operating system does not support fdatasync(2).
-
-Wed Feb  2 14:51:08 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rdoc/markup/to_tt_only.rb: commit miss
-	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_markup_to_tt_only.rb: ditto
-	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_single_class.rb: ditto
-
-Wed Feb  2 09:27:53 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rdoc: Upgrade to RDoc 3.5.1
-
-Wed Feb  2 00:30:43 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* include/ruby/st.h (st_table): Added comment why we need __extension__.
-
-Tue Feb  1 20:45:44 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* enc/encdb.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Feb  1 15:12:26 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_require.rb (TestRequire#test_require_with_unc):
-	  use ``127.0.0.1'' instead of ``localhost'' as host name, because
-	  XP or earlier cannot resolv it as NBT hostname.
-
-Tue Feb  1 13:20:39 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/benchmark/test_benchmark.rb (#capture_bench_output):
-	  Added explicit sleep. Windows have imprecise time support.
-	  Thus Tms.new.Add!{} may be or may be not equal 0. The
-	  test failure started since r30747.
-
-Tue Feb  1 11:03:47 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryan@lust.local>
-
-	* lib/rubygems*: Import rubygems 1.5.0 (released version @ 1fb59d0)
-	* test/rubygems: Ditto
-
-Tue Feb  1 08:01:39 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_set_winsize): new method to set
-	  console size.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
-
-	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_winsize): use GetWriteFD.
-
-Tue Feb  1 02:28:14 2011  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lnag.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/win32.h, win32/win32.c: add rb_w32_inet_ntop.
-	  inet_ntop's minimum supported client is Vista.
-
-Tue Feb  1 00:10:30 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/benchmark.rb: fix benchmark to work with current ruby.
-	  patched by Benoit Daloze [ruby-core:33846] [ruby-dev:43143]
-	  merged from https://github.com/eregon/ruby/commits/benchmark
-
-	*  lib/benchmark (Report#width): update documentation
-	*  lib/benchmark: document the return value of #benchmark and the
-	   :list attribute in Report
-	*  lib/benchmark (Tms#format): rename variables, use String#%
-	   instead of Kernel.format
-	*  lib/benchmark: remove undocumented Benchmark::times (an alias
-	   of Process::times used twice)
-	*  lib/benchmark (#benchmark): use label_width for the caption
-	*  lib/benchmark (Tms#initialize): rename variables
-	*  lib/benchmark: allow title to not be a String and call #to_s
-	*  lib/benchmark (Benchmark#bm): return an Array of the times with
-	   the labels
-	*  lib/benchmark: correct output for Benchmark#bmbm
-	   (remove the extra space)
-	*  lib/benchmark: add a few tests for Benchmark::Tms output
-	*  lib/benchmark: improve style (enumerators, ljust, unused vars)
-	*  lib/benchmark: add spec about output and return value
-	*  lib/benchmark: improve basic style and consistency
-	   no parenthesis for print and use interpolation instead of printf
-	*  lib/benchmark: remove unnecessary conversions and variables
-	*  lib/benchmark: correct indentation
-	*  lib/benchmark: rename the FMTSTR constant and variable to FORMAT
-	*  lib/benchmark: remove useless exception
-
-	*  test/benchmark: remove unused variable warnings
-
-Mon Jan 31 23:27:23 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* node.c (add_id): remove duplicated rb_id2str() call.
-
-Sun Jan 30 17:19:46 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* missing/langinfo.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Mon Jan 31 21:57:39 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: revert r30698.
-
-Mon Jan 31 21:32:44 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (thread_start_func_2): check deadlock condition before
-	  release thread stack. fix memory violation when deadlock detected.
-	  reported by Max Aller. [Bug #4009] [ruby-core:32982]
-
-Mon Jan 31 14:45:47 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* lib/irb/locale.rb (IRB::Locale::#search_file):
-	  Gem might be undefined if --disable-gems. [ruby-core:34990]
-
-Mon Jan 31 12:26:14 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c: suppressed shorten-64-to-32 warnings.
-	* regcomp.c: ditto.
-	* regexec.c: ditto.
-	* regint.h: ditto.
-	* regparse.c: ditto.
-	* regparse.h: ditto.
-	* time.c: ditto.
-	* variable.c: ditto.
-
-Mon Jan 31 04:45:12 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_uniq_bang): call ARY_SET_LEN(ary, 0) before
-	  ary_resize_capa because ary_resize_capa expects resized length is
-	  smaller than current array length. call rb_ary_unshare before
-	  ary_resize_capa because ary_resize_capa lost the reference to
-	  original shared array. [ruby-core:34997]
-
-Sun Jan 30 17:19:46 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* missing/crypt.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sun Jan 30 16:40:27 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rubygems/test_gem_security.rb (TestGemSecurity): valid only
-	  if OpenSSL is available.
-
-	* test/dl/test_dl2.rb (TestDL#test_sin): math functions do not
-	  work on x86_64 due to the design of DL2.
-
-	* test/dl/test_func.rb (DL::TestFunc#test_{sinf,sin): ditto.
-
-Sun Jan 30 16:09:22 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* strftime.c (rb_strftime_with_timespec): %G produces 4 digits.
-
-Sun Jan 30 15:13:19 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/emacs_mule.c (emacsmule_islead): 7bit range is also leading
-	  byte.
-
-Sun Jan 30 13:03:16 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_fetch_m): use useful message for longer key, not a
-	  nonsense id value.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_ellipsize): new function to ellipsize a string.
-
-	* include/ruby/encoding.h (rb_enc_step_back): new function to step
-	  back n characters.
-
-Sun Jan 30 12:53:38 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/emacs_mule.c (emacsmule_islead): fix inverse condition.
-
-Sun Jan 30 09:37:25 2011  Yutaka Kanemoto  <kanemoto@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (struct argf): char behaves like an unsigned char
-	  by default on AIX.
-
-Sun Jan 30 08:02:55 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: Mac OS X wrongly reports it has fdatasync(3).
-
-Sun Jan 30 03:29:47 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c (GetBNPtr): add missing nil case.
-	  patched by Martin Bosslet. [ruby-core:34987]
-
-Sun Jan 30 01:02:28 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h: Added NUM2MODET() and MODET2NUM() default
-	  definition.
-	  Because r30686 introduced win32 build failure.
-
-Sat Jan 29 22:16:26 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_join): [].join.encoding must be US-ASCII.
-	  [ruby-list:47790]
-
-Sat Jan 29 20:22:39 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* benchmark/driver.rb (BenchmarkDriver#measure): Show command line
-	  when abnormal exiting occur.
-
-Sat Jan 29 10:53:16 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_get_ev_const): no-scope reference to toplevel
-	  private constant has been prohibited incorrectly.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_module.rb (test_toplevel_private_constant): add a
-	  test for above.
-
-Sat Jan 29 08:43:23 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
-
-	* lib/rubygems*: Import rubygems 1.5.0 (release candidate @ 09893d9)
-	* test/rubygems: Ditto
-
-Sat Jan 29 02:02:37 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* variable.c (rb_mod_const_of, sv_i): Module#constant should exclude
-	  private constants.  see [ruby-core:32912].
-
-	* test/ruby/test_module.rb (test_constants_with_private_constant): add
-	  a test for above.
-
-Sat Jan 29 01:36:41 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* variable.c (rb_const_set): const_set should preserve constant
-	  visibility.  see [ruby-core:32912].
-
-	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: add a test for above.
-
-Sat Jan 29 01:24:57 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* compile.c (NODE_CLASS, NODE_MODULE), insns.def (defineclass): raise
-	  an exception when "class Foo::Bar" is evaluated and Foo::Bar is
-	  private.  To implement this, define_type of "defineclass" is added
-	  so that the instruction can distinguish whether the class definition
-	  is scoped (class Foo::Bar) or not (class Bar).
-
-	* test/ruby/test_class.rb (test_redefine_private_class),
-	  test/ruby/test_module.rb
-	  (test_define_module_under_private_constant): add tests for above.
-
-Sat Jan 29 01:19:17 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* constant.h, variable.c: to ensure compatibility, rb_const_get_* must
-	  not raise an exception even when the constant is private.  Instead,
-	  rb_public_const_get_* and rb_public_const_defined_* are introduced,
-	  which raise an exception when the referring constant is private.
-	  see [ruby-core:32912].
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_get_ev_const): use rb_public_const_get_* instead
-	  of rb_const_get_* to follow the constant visibility when user code
-	  refers a constant.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_marshal.rb (test_marshal_private_class): add a test.
-	  This test had failed because of incompatibility of rb_const_get.
-
-Sat Jan 29 00:30:44 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* variable.c (set_const_visibility): fix typo.  a patch from Tomoyuki
-	  Chikanaga in [ruby-core:32919].
-
-Fri Jan 28 23:20:28 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/gdbm/test_gdbm.rb (TestGDBM#test_s_open_no_create,
-	  TestGDBM2#test_writer_open_notexist): We only need to skip libgdbm
-	  1.8.0, not all 1.8.x. 1.8.1 or later don't have GDBM_WRITER sickness.
-
-Fri Jan 28 21:56:57 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/dbm/extconf.rb: Added new header places for Fedora13.
-
-Fri Jan 28 21:49:30 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Fri Jan 28 17:47:33 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/gdbm/test_gdbm.rb (TestGDBM2#test_writer_open_notexist):
-	  gdbm 1.8.x changed GDBM::WRITER behavior. Thus our testcase need
-	  to be changed too.
-
-Fri Jan 28 17:33:28 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/gdbm/test_gdbm.rb (TestGDBM#test_s_open_no_create): skip
-	  the test if gdbm version is 1.8.x.
-
-Fri Jan 28 16:30:51 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_require.rb (TestRequire#test_require_too_long_filename):
-	  Added -w option because too long path error don't output a message
-	  by default since r30660. [Bug #4336] [ruby-dev:43134]
-
-Fri Jan 28 16:19:38 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_require.rb (TestRequire#test_require_path_home_{1,2}):
-	  Added -w option because too long path error don't output a message
-	  by default since r30660. [Bug #4336] [ruby-dev:43134]
-
-Fri Jan 28 16:04:54 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_require.rb (TestRequire#test_require_path_home_{1,2,3}):
-	  split from test_require_path_home.
-
-Fri Jan 28 13:04:38 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in (--with-valgrind): Fixed r29683. Now this option
-	  is really default on.
-
-Fri Jan 28 12:05:48 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: Add #include<sys/stat.h> when struct stat is
-	  tested. Otherwise, incomplete type dereference error will occur.
-
-Fri Jan 28 11:53:19 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: redundant variable names made strange conftest
-	  error. Fixed it.
-
-Fri Jan 28 11:47:00 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (TestProcess#test_too_long_path{,2}):
-	  should handle Errno::E2BIG, because this test checks crash of ruby,
-	  not the error type system.
-
-Fri Jan 28 11:23:54 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_open): Use NUM2MODET() instead NUM2UINT().
-	* io.c (rb_scan_open_args): ditto.
-
-Fri Jan 28 10:58:20 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: Added mode_t type checking.
-	* process.c (rb_exec_arg_addopt): Use NUM2MODET() instead
-	  NUM2LONG because clang makes compile error by this narrowing
-	  conversion.
-	* process.c (rb_run_exec_options_err): ditto.
-
-Fri Jan 28 02:37:18 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* re.c (rb_reg_raise): add GC guard to prevent intermediate
-	  variable from GC.
-
-Fri Jan 28 02:35:41 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_fetch_m): add GC guard to prevent intermediate
-	  variable from GC.
-
-Fri Jan 28 01:33:51 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (TestProcess#test_too_long_path)
-	  TestProcess#test_too_long_path): Reduced string size from 100MB
-	  to 10MB. 100MB may cause no memory error. It isn't intended.
-
-Fri Jan 28 01:27:42 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (TestProcess#test_too_long_path2):
-	  Factored out from test_too_long_path. A test should only do
-	  one test.
-
-Thu Jan 27 23:29:36 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* st.c (st_foreach): check if unpacked.
-
-Thu Jan 27 23:14:19 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-mode-map): remove deprecated binding.
-	  use M-; instead.
-
-Thu Jan 27 21:58:32 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_str_to_inum): get rid of too huge alloca().
-
-Thu Jan 27 21:43:29 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* object.c (rb_str_to_dbl): rewrite again. use ALLOCV instead
-	  rb_str_tmp_new().
-
-Thu Jan 27 21:41:47 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* win32/win32.c: get rid of STRNDUPA(). It's dangerous API.
-
-Thu Jan 27 21:31:57 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_aspawn): get rid of too huge alloca().
-	  [Bug #4330] [ruby-core:34898]
-
-Thu Jan 27 20:30:18 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_spawn): get rid of too huge alloca().
-
-Thu Jan 27 18:49:53 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (open_dir_handle): get rid of too huge alloca().
-
-Thu Jan 27 18:34:58 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* file.c (w32_io_info): get rid of too huge alloca().
-	  [Bug #4313] [ruby-core:34830]
-
-Thu Jan 27 18:19:51 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (wstati64): get rid of too huge alloca().
-	  [Bug #4316] [ruby-core:34834]
-
-Thu Jan 27 15:11:52 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_spawn, rb_w32_aspawn): get rid of too huge
-	  alloca(). this is the real fix of [ruby-core:34833].
-
-Thu Jan 27 12:46:25 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c (ALLOC_ARGV_WITH_STR): fix void pointer arithmetic.
-
-Thu Jan 27 08:41:40 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c (proc_exec_v, rb_proc_exec_n, rb_proc_exec)
-	  (proc_spawn_n, proc_spawn): get rid of too huge alloca().
-	  [ruby-core:34827], [ruby-core:34833]
-
-Thu Jan 27 08:32:17 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (ALLOCV): new API for exception-safe
-	  temporary buffer.  [ruby-core:34844]
-
-	* string.c (rb_alloc_tmp_buffer, rb_free_tmp_buffer):
-	  implementation of the API.
-
-Thu Jan 27 08:22:49 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dln_find.c (dln_find_1): use rb_warning and return immediately
-	  if fname is longer than buffer.
-
-Wed Jan 26 22:57:30 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* class.c (clone_method): add GC guard to prevent intermediate
-	  variable from GC. [Bug #4321] [ruby-dev:43107]
-
-Wed Jan 26 22:45:16 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* template/id.h.tmpl: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Wed Jan 26 22:28:49 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_throw_obj): add GC guard to prevent intermediate
-	  variable from GC. [Bug #4322] [ruby-dev:43108]
-
-Wed Jan 26 17:08:59 2011  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (ossl_asn1_decode0): OpenSSL::ASN1.decode
-	  should reject indefinite length primitive encodings as that is
-	  illegal. Patch by Martin Bosslet. See #4324.
-
-Wed Jan 26 10:36:28 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (=~): documentation fix; the return value is nil when
-	  it doesn't match. patched by Andrei Kulakov [ruby-core:34562]
-
-Tue Jan 25 08:41:58 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dln_find.c (dln_find_1): omit too long pathnames.
-
-Tue Jan 25 08:28:19 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_resize): get rid of out-of-bound access.
-
-Tue Jan 25 07:48:22 2011  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb: remove unused variables.
-
-Tue Jan 25 07:45:44 2011  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (TestThread#test_condvar_nolock_2): get
-	  rid of method redefined.
-
-Tue Jan 25 07:00:52 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_string_value_cstr): rb_str_modify can change
-	  RSTRING_PTR.
-
-Tue Jan 25 03:24:28 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb: Added various ConditionVariable tests.
-
-Mon Jan 24 22:26:33 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* object.c (rb_str_to_dbl): Fix again. use rb_str_tmp_new()
-	  instead ALLOC_N.
-
-Mon Jan 24 21:50:48 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Mon Jan 24 21:28:34 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* object.c (rb_str_to_dbl): use ALLOC_N instead ALLOCA_N because
-	  ALLOC_N may cause stack overflow.
-
-Mon Jan 24 21:04:45 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* error.c (rb_invalid_str): prevent intermediate variable from GC.
-	  [ruby-core:34820]
-
-Sun Jan 23 23:01:54 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/io/console/test_io_console.rb: Don't run test if the system
-	  don't support io/console.
-
-Sun Jan 23 22:17:07 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/fiddle/test_fiddle.rb: Don't run test if the system don't support
-	  fiddle.
-
-	* test/fiddle/test_function.rb: ditto.
-	* test/fiddle/test_closure.rb: ditto.
-
-Sun Jan 23 11:39:18 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* vm_exec.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sun Jan 23 10:33:02 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* template/fake.rb.in (ruby): suppress warnings.
-
-Sun Jan 23 08:00:09 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (str_nth_len, str_utf8_nth): return the rest length together.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_substr): get rid of measure the length always
-	  to improve performance for huge string.  [ruby-core:34648]
-
-Sun Jan 23 00:40:10 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/test_syslog.rb: Fix to make a lot of test failure if
-	  the platform doesn't support syslog.
-
-Sat Jan 22 11:49:55 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: fixing merge key support
-	  when multiple merge keys are specified.
-
-	* test/psych/test_merge_keys.rb: tests for multi-merge key support
-
-Sat Jan 22 11:33:04 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: merge keys are actually
-	  part of YAML 1.1, so they should be supported.  Remove warning and
-	  merge keys to parent.  [ruby-core:34679]
-
-	* test/psych/test_merge_keys.rb: test for merge keys
-
-Sat Jan 22 10:25:19 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/parser.c (parse): add the file name to the exception when
-	  parse errors occur.
-
-	* test/psych/test_parser.rb: test for parse error file name
-
-Sat Jan 22 10:12:30 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/parser.c (parse): fix assertion error when reusing a
-	  parser after an exception has been raised
-
-	* test/psych/test_parser.rb: test for assertion error
-
-Sat Jan 22 04:09:22 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/nodes/node.rb: Make Psych::Nodes::Node
-	  enumerable.
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/depth_first.rb: Add a depth-first
-	  visitor to enumerate over a YAML AST in a depth-first fashion
-
-	* test/psych/nodes/test_enumerable.rb: test for enumerating nodes
-
-	* test/psych/visitors/test_depth_first.rb: test for depth-first
-	  visitor
-
-Sat Jan 22 00:53:42 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* vm_core.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Fri Jan 21 18:15:09 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: should not use -Werror=* flags while conftests.
-
-Fri Jan 21 09:17:00 2011  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: Fix incorrectly detected x86_64-w64-mingw32 due
-	  canonalization of target_os. Bug #3889 [ruby-core:32634]
-
-Thu Jan 20 23:44:00 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: Fix rb_cv_va_args_macro was broken. We are using
-	  -Werror=implicit-function-declaration compile option. therefore
-	  we need a function declaration explicitly.
-
-Thu Jan 20 23:58:02 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* node.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Thu Jan 20 23:25:28 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: Add '#include <stdlib.h>' to
-	  rb_cv_localtime_overflow test too. It's reported by Tomoyuki
-	  Chikanaga. Thanks.
-
-Thu Jan 20 16:11:00 2011  Kenta Murata <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* README.EXT, README.EXT.ja: You shouldn't choose ``conftest.c'' as a
-	  name of a source file.
-
-Thu Jan 20 12:15:44 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: Add stdlib.h inclusion into rb_cv_negative_time_t
-	  test because it's required for exit(3). The patch is
-	  created by Tomoyuki Chikanaga. [Bug #4287] [ruby-dev:43060]
-
-Thu Jan 20 11:39:41 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/webrick/utils.rb (TestWEBrick::RubyBin): test CGI does not need
-	  to load rubygems.  if it activated, ruby raises LoadError about
-	  rbconfig.rb.
-
-Thu Jan 20 09:19:42 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/json_tree.rb: Fix JSON emit for
-	  DateTime and Time classes.
-
-	* test/psych/test_json_tree.rb: test for JSON emit
-
-Thu Jan 20 08:02:46 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/coder.rb (represent_object): arbitrary objects
-	  may be passed to the Psych::Coder object.
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: support for visiting
-	  arbitrary objects set on the coder.
-
-	* test/psych/test_coder.rb: supporting test case.
-
-Thu Jan 20 06:03:17 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* method.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Wed Jan 19 13:16:05 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/commands/sources_command.rb: Finish removing code,
-	  (fixes sources command test).
-
-Wed Jan 19 13:04:16 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* proc.c (proc_call): Add gc guard to avoid segfault. The fix
-	  is created by Tomoyuki Chikanaga. [Bug #4238][ruby-dev:42963]
-
-Wed Jan 19 12:31:28 2011  Eric Hodel <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems.rb: Since gem_prelude requires rubygems, enable
-	  custom_require always.
-
-Wed Jan 19 12:08:08 2011  Eric Hodel <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rubygems/commands/dependency_command.rb: Remove require of
-	  deleted file.
-	* lib/rubygems/commands/fetch_command.rb: ditto
-	* lib/rubygems/commands/setup_command.rb: ditto
-	* lib/rubygems/commands/sources_command.rb: ditto
-	* lib/rubygems/commands/specification_command.rb: ditto
-
-Wed Jan 19 08:13:59 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
-
-	* lib/rubygems*: Import rubygems 1.5.0 (release candidate)
-	* test/rubygems: Ditto
-
-Tue Jan 18 23:31:01 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* parse.y: avoid NULL reference.  [ruby-dev:43067]
-
-Wed Jan 19 02:54:04 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vsnprintf.c (cvt): set first byte of buf to NUL for the case when
-	  no bytes are written to the buf. [ruby-dev:43062]
-
-Tue Jan 18 23:04:51 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* gc.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Jan 18 18:31:14 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
-
-	* lib/irb/completion.rb: Irb tab completion support for XX::method
-	  forms.
-
-Tue Jan 18 15:05:55 2011  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/logger.rb: added RDoc document for logging message escape
-	  by Hal Brodigan. See #3869
-
-Tue Jan 18 07:53:52 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* eval_intern.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Jan 18 04:42:44 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/parser.rb (Mark): Adding a class to wrap
-	  marker information
-
-	* ext/psych/parser.c (mark): Add a method to return the mark object
-	  for the parser
-
-	* test/psych/test_parser.rb: tests for the Mark class.
-
-Tue Jan 18 02:46:55 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/json_tree.rb (visit_String): JSON
-	  strings should be dumped with double quotes. [ruby-core:34186]
-
-	* test/psych/test_json_tree.rb: test for double quotes
-
-Mon Jan 17 23:36:33 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_times): less MEMCPY calls.
-
-Mon Jan 17 22:54:33 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* debug.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Mon Jan 17 21:40:25 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ruby.c (process_options): revert r30549.
-
-Sun Jan 16 20:55:45 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* vsnprintf.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sat Jan 15 11:57:30 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (warnflags): add -Werror=implicit-function-declaration
-	  if available.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (init_mkmf): ignore warnings in mkmf tests.
-
-	* test/mkmf/base.rb (setup, teardown): restore config values.
-
-	* test/mkmf/test_flags.rb: split from test_find_executable.rb.
-
-Sat Jan 15 10:04:14 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ruby.c (process_options): autoload rubygems.
-
-	* tool/compile_prelude.rb (Prelude#initialize): ignore empty
-	  preludes.
-
-	* ruby.c (ruby_init_prelude): get rid of global namespace
-	  pollution.
-
-Sat Jan 15 09:42:12 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/io.h: missing prototypes.
-
-Fri Jan 14 23:25:55 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* vm_method.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Fri Jan 14 15:32:29 2011  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/net/imap/test_imap.rb: call neither logout nor disconnect
-	  unless connected.  patch by Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA.  [ruby-dev:42860]
-
-Fri Jan 14 14:56:57 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/imap.rb: use bytesize for binary strings.
-	  patched by Yoshimasa Niwa. [ruby-core:34222]
-
-Fri Jan 14 14:01:12 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* pack.c (pack_unpack): the resulted string of unpack('M') must have
-	  ASCII-8BIT encoding (and ENC_CODERANGE_VALID). [ruby-core:34482]
-
-Fri Jan 14 13:38:58 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (gzfile_check_footer): ISIZE (Input SIZE) in
-	  gzip's header is the size of uncompressed input data modulo 2^32.
-	  [ruby-core:34481] http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1952.txt
-
-Fri Jan 14 11:36:25 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in, win32/Makefile.sub (RUNRUBY): require path should
-	  include "." because rbconfig.rb is there.
-
-Fri Jan 14 10:40:11 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryan@lust.local>
-
-	* gem_prelude.rb: Just require rubygems. Fixes rubygems 1.4.
-	* lib/rubygems.rb: removed all Gem::Quickloader code.
-	* ruby.c: renamed ruby_init_gems to ruby_init_prelude. Set
-	  $disable_rubygems since there is no fine grained mechanism to
-	  skip parts of the prelude. Open to suggestions on how to do this
-	  better.
-	* test/*.rb: Load path isn't set up correctly, so add
-	  --disable-gems as needed to failing tests that are explicitly
-	  testing stderr w/ ==.
-
-Fri Jan 14 07:30:47 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (argf_next_argv): go advance when the next file cannot be
-	  read.  [ruby-core:34446]
-
-Thu Jan 13 20:49:19 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Thu Jan 13 13:21:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* vm_dump.c: delete dashes to make lines 80 chars, Patched by
-	  Shota Fukumori (sora_h).  [Bug #4275] [ruby-dev:43021]
-
-Thu Jan 13 13:21:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* vm_dump.c: fix misspelling of CrashReporter, Patched by Shota
-	  Fukumori (sora_h).  [Bug #4275] [ruby-dev:43021]
-
-Thu Jan 13 06:27:29 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
-
-	* error.c: Exception#to_s should actually call to_s.
-
-Thu Jan 13 00:32:54 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (get_nth_dirname): decrement the directory index
-	  because the index specifies the index of given included_directories
-	  which is separated by NUL and its index is begun from 1.
-	  Note that 0 specifies the current directory of the compilation.
-	  see also http://www.dwarfstd.org/doc/dwarf-2.0.0.pdf
-
-Thu Jan 13 00:06:38 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (rb_f_syscall): Add warning messages. [ruby-core:34062]
-
-Thu Jan 13 00:00:07 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (rb_f_syscall): Some syscall return unsigned or pointer value.
-	  Therefore we should only check the result is -1 or not.
-	  [ruby-core:34062]
-
-Wed Jan 12 23:55:48 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (rb_f_syscall): Add 64bit Linux support. Some syscall takes
-	  long type arguments.
-
-Wed Jan 12 19:37:10 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* vm_dump.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Wed Jan 12 19:28:23 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* vm.c (thread_free): reset ruby_current_thread if it points the
-	  thread to free.
-	* gc.c (slot_sweep): don't call RUBY_VM_SET_FINALIZER_INTERRUPT if
-	  there is no current thread.
-	  [ruby-dev:43000]
-
-Wed Jan 12 19:09:29 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* enum.c (sort_by_i): reenter check more strictly.
-	  (sort_by_cmp): ditto.
-	  [ruby-dev:43003] reported by Usaku NAKAMURA.
-
-Wed Jan 12 16:25:12 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP#connect): makes it timeout during
-	  SSL handshake too. [ruby-core:34203]
-	  Patch by Marc Slemko.
-
-	* test/net/http/test_http.rb (TestNetHTTP_v1_2#test_timeout_during_HTTP_session):
-	  test for [ruby-core:34203]
-
-	* test/net/http/test_https.rb (TestNetHTTPS#test_timeout_during_SSL_handshake):
-	  ditto.
-
-Wed Jan 12 16:24:53 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* ext/readline/extconf.rb: new checks for RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE
-	  and RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE. [ruby-core:34331]
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c: enables USE_INSERT_IGNORE_ESCAPE only if
-	  RL_PROMPT_{START,END}_IGNORE are available to get rid of compilation
-	  error with libedit.
-
-Wed Jan 12 15:53:49 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* README.EXT.ja (rb_ensure): typo.
-
-Wed Jan 12 11:33:46 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c: OpenBSD uses the elf_abi.h header file instead of the
-	  elf.h header file. patched by Jeremy Evans [ruby-core:34384]
-
-Wed Jan 12 03:59:36 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/webrick/test_cgi.rb: Removes usage of deprecated
-	  :RequestHandler option.
-	  patched by Peter Weldon [ruby-core:34010]
-
-	* test/webrick/test_httpproxy.rb: ditto.
-
-	* test/webrick/test_httpserver.rb: Add a test of the deprecation
-	  behaviour.
-
-Wed Jan 12 08:37:07 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (hash_i): return different values for inverse hash.
-	  [ruby-core:34334]
-
-Tue Jan 11 20:32:59 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* variable.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Jan 11 13:06:38 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_resize): should care of embeded array when extending
-	  the array.
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_resize): need to set capa when changing the real
-	  size of the array.
-	  these are latent bugs.
-
-Mon Jan 10 22:46:43 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/defines.h (CASEFOLD_FILESYSTEM): HFS+ is case
-	  insensitive.
-
-	* load.c (loaded_feature_path, rb_feature_p, load_lock): on a
-	  case-insensitive filesystem, loaded features search should
-	  ignore case.  [ruby-core:34297]
-
-Mon Jan 10 21:34:12 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (showflags): show LD commands.
-
-Mon Jan 10 14:32:55 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_method.rb (TestMethod#test_define_method): method
-	  transplanting between class and module is impossible.
-
-Mon Jan 10 13:51:17 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* misc/rdoc-mode.el (rdoc-mode): show trailing whitespace.
-
-Mon Jan 10 11:22:02 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* util.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Mon Jan 10 07:41:31 2011  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* misc/README: mention rdoc-mode.el and ruby-style.el.
-
-Sun Jan  9 20:37:21 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* transcode.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sun Jan  9 16:31:53 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* io.c (Kernel.#syscall): implemented on LP64/LLP64 environments too.
-	  also uses __syscall if available for *BSD on 64bit architecture.
-	  [ruby-core:34062]
-
-Sun Jan  9 16:31:34 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* lib/irb/locale.rb (IRB::Locale::LOCALE_NAME_RE):
-	  some platform has a locale without territory but with
-	  encoding.
-	  (#each_sub_locale): ditto.
-
-Sun Jan  9 14:47:50 2011  TAKAO Kouji  <kouji@takao7.net>
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c: apply a patch from Nobuyoshi Nakada.
-	  fixed #3616 [ruby-core:31484] IRB + readline incorrectly counts
-	  non-printing characters in prompt
-
-Sat Jan  8 21:47:26 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* enum.c (enum_sort_by): use rb_ary_resize.
-	  (ary_cutoff): removed.
-
-Sat Jan  8 21:24:17 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* pack.c (swapf): compilation condition simplified.
-	  (swapd): ditto.
-
-Sat Jan  8 20:51:25 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* pack.c (swapd): remove duplicated code.
-
-Sat Jan  8 19:28:55 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* thread.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Fri Jan  7 23:07:40 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (configuration): backref needs to capture.
-
-Fri Jan  7 21:57:22 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-mode-variables), misc/ruby-style.el:
-	  show trailing whitespace.
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-font-lock-syntactic-keywords): highlight
-	  regexp after open bracket.  [ruby-core:34183]
-
-Fri Jan  7 00:37:35 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* string.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Thu Jan  6 22:42:02 2011  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (bigmul1_karatsuba): avoid overflow that make assertion
-	  fail in certain case.  this patch is contributed from Ray Chason
-	  <chasonr at gmail.com> in personal communication.
-
-Thu Jan  6 20:55:49 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): ignore rest from first dot from
-	  TARGET to generate init function name.
-	  this is followup of r30464.
-
-Thu Jan  6 11:27:01 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/tree_builder.rb (start_mapping): tags
-	  should not be included in JSON mapping
-
-Thu Jan  6 09:23:33 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* lib/net/protocol.rb (eof?): BufferedIO should proxy eof? to the
-	  underlying IO object.
-
-Thu Jan  6 09:12:31 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (configuration): fixing gsub when multiple error flags
-	  are passed to GCC.
-
-Thu Jan  6 05:25:49 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_modify): export.
-
-Thu Jan  6 05:14:41 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (get_strio, strio_set_string)
-	  (strio_reopen): check if frozen.  [ruby-core:33648]
-
-Thu Jan  6 05:10:58 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_resize): new utility function.  [ruby-dev:42912]
-
-Thu Jan  6 05:03:26 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dln.c (init_funcname_len): ignore rest from first dot.
-	  [ruby-dev:41774]
-
-Thu Jan  6 02:55:48 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: use YAML 1.0 output
-	  format for serializing nil values.  Thanks Eric Hodel!
-
-	* test/psych/test_nil.rb: test for nil values
-
-Wed Jan  5 14:21:34 2011  Mark Dodwell  <hi@mkdynamic.co.uk>
-
-	* string.c: fix rdoc typo.
-	  https://github.com/shyouhei/ruby/pull/3
-
-Wed Jan  5 14:06:01 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_options.rb (TestRDocOptions#test_check_files):
-	  skip on Windows because chmod 0 doesn't mean unreadable by owner.
-
-Wed Jan  5 13:56:54 2011  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP#get): A header hash given should not
-	  be modified.
-
-Wed Jan  5 12:10:08 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/dl/{cfunc.c,dl.h,handle.c}, ext/fiddle/fiddle.{h,c}: Use _WIN32
-	  rather than checking for windows.h.  Thanks Jon Forums!
-	  [ruby-core:33977]
-
-Sat Jan  1 17:02:50 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* lib/irb/locale.rb (IRB::Locale#search_file): make it possible
-	  to load a localization from a gem.
-	  (IRB::Locale#lc_path): obsoleted because of the change of #search_file
-	  (IRB::Locale#each_localized_path): new private method, based on
-	  lc_path
-	  (IRB::Locale#find): follows the change of #search_file.
-	  (IRB::Locale#load): removed duplicate with #find.
-
-Sat Jan  1 11:44:42 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* strftime.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sat Jan  1 11:10:29 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c: take care of platforms where long is bigger
-	  than int.
-
-Sat Jan  1 11:03:58 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* NEWS (optparse): shell completion support.
-
-	* misc/README (rb_optparse.{bash,zsh}): for shell completion.
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h (VALUE rb_ary_print_on): I have never seen
-	  this function anywhere.
-
-Sat Jan  1 04:20:11 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_write_console): don't raise exception when
-	  the conversion is for writing to console.
-	  Patched by Heesob Park [ruby-core:33999]
-
-Fri Dec 31 12:02:06 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* enum.c (enum_sort_by): use less temporary objects.
-
-Fri Dec 31 11:46:47 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (warnflags), lib/mkmf.rb (configuration): turn
-	  warnings into errors only for bundled extensions.
-	  [ruby-core:33815]
-
-Fri Dec 31 11:15:57 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (sizeof): zlib.h mistakenly assumes the result
-	  of sizeof to be int, not size_t.
-
-Fri Dec 31 10:27:34 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* st.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Fri Dec 31 03:23:26 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vsnprintf.c (BSD__uqtoa): Fix overflow when long != quad_t.
-	  patched by Peter Weldon <peter.weldon AT null.net>
-	  [ruby-core:33985]
-
-Fri Dec 31 03:00:34 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* Makefile.in: remove unnecessary semicolons.
-
-Thu Dec 30 23:09:47 2010  wanabe  <s.wanabe@gmail.com>
-
-	* vm.c (vm_define_method): guard iseq from GC while method definition.
-	  [ruby-dev:42832]
-
-Thu Dec 30 20:18:32 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub: ditto.
-
-Thu Dec 30 20:57:09 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* Makefile.in: Check V=1 argument if run "make clean" or similar.
-
-Thu Dec 30 20:41:50 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* Makefile.in: Kill ugly line continuation.
-
-Thu Dec 30 11:49:40 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* sprintf.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Wed Dec 29 21:20:13 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (maygvl_copy_stream_wait_readwrite): define if USE_SENDFILE
-
-Wed Dec 29 20:37:43 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/extmk.rb: strip current directory prefix.
-
-	* enc/depend (clean): remove name2ctype.h when out-of-place build.
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (clean-enc): pass V to inferior make.
-
-Wed Dec 29 18:23:46 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (rb_reg_expr_str): need to escape if the coderange is invalid.
-
-Wed Dec 29 10:06:51 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* signal.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Wed Dec 29 07:22:15 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rake/rdoctask.rb: Deprecate in favor of rdoc/task.
-
-Wed Dec 29 07:07:06 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rdoc: Import RDoc 3.1
-
-Tue Dec 28 18:36:38 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* error.c, include/ruby/intern.h (rb_compile_error_with_enc): new
-	  function to raise syntax error, with source encoding'ed message.
-
-	* parse.y (compile_error): use above function.
-	  [ruby-core:33951] (#4217)
-
-Tue Dec 28 07:37:38 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ruby.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Dec 28 07:17:11 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* NEWS: add ARGF.write and so on.
-
-Tue Dec 28 07:12:38 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* NEWS: add new magic-comment. (warn-indent) [ruby-core:25442]
-
-Tue Dec 28 04:32:37 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/extconf.rb: check for windows.h while building fiddle.
-	  Thanks Jon Forums! [ruby-core:33923]
-
-Tue Dec 28 01:45:12 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* NEWS: Add Zlib.deflate and Zlib.inflate.
-	  [ruby-dev:42833]
-
-Mon Dec 27 21:22:33 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* win32/configure.bat: Remove obsoleted coding rule. Now, we
-	  don't support to build on Windows 95/98 and Me.
-
-Mon Dec 27 18:27:13 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* re.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Mon Dec 27 15:22:23 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/README.win32: note to need NT based OS to build ruby.
-
-Mon Dec 27 12:14:46 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (EXTMK_ARGS): specify to pass macro V, because nmake
-	  doesn't pass it via MAKEFLAGS.
-
-Mon Dec 27 10:33:43 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (Init_zlib): Add Zlib.deflate and Zlib.inflate.
-	  [ruby-dev:42833]
-
-Mon Dec 27 07:38:07 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* misc/rb_optparse.zsh: add compdef for generator.
-
-Mon Dec 27 07:32:07 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser#compsys): escape brackets too.
-	  [ruby-dev:42754]
-
-Mon Dec 27 01:30:08 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/mkconstants.rb: add IF_NAMESIZE.
-	  add a default for INET6_ADDRSTRLEN.
-
-Sun Dec 26 23:49:47 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub: suppress a strange error message when RMALL
-	  found no such file.
-	* win32/rmall.bat: new.
-
-Sun Dec 26 21:23:23 2010    <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub: fix 'nmake clean-enc' breakage since r28322.
-
-Sun Dec 26 22:25:07 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/ripper/depend (ripper.y): fix messages with nmake.
-	  [ruby-dev:42896]
-
-Sun Dec 26 22:24:14 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (file_expand_path): get rid of warnings caused by
-	  -Wdeclaration-after-statement on cygwin.
-
-Sun Dec 26 20:28:34 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* process.c (before_exec): add small comment.
-
-Sun Dec 26 20:52:21 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/mkconstants.rb: define INET_ADDRSTRLEN as 16 if not
-	  available.  fix compilation error on mswin32-60.  reported by nobu.
-
-Sun Dec 26 19:37:37 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c: define IFNAMSIZ if not available.
-	  fix compilation error on mingw32.  reported by nobu.
-
-Sun Dec 26 12:16:29 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rdoc/ri/paths.rb (RDoc::RI::Paths::HOMEDIR): no exception if
-	  HOME is not set.  [ruby-core:33867]
-
-Sun Dec 26 11:39:11 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (stmt): missing ripper rule.  i.e., `a::B ||= c 1'.
-	  http://twitter.com/#!/wannabe53/status/18797576396472321
-	  http://twitter.com/#!/wannabe53/status/18798416150663168
-
-Sun Dec 26 11:15:50 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/with_different_ofs.rb (DifferentOFS): should not affect
-	  original classes.
-
-Sun Dec 26 09:35:07 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* rational.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sun Dec 26 09:22:19 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c (rb_if_indextoname): new function to abstract
-	  environments without if_indextoname.
-	  (inspect_ipv6_multicast_if): new function to inspect
-	  IPV6_MULTICAST_IF.
-	  Socket::Option.new(:INET6, :IPV6, :MULTICAST_IF,
-	  [2].pack("I!")).inspect is
-	  "#<Socket::Option: INET6 IPV6 MULTICAST_IF eth0>".
-
-Sun Dec 26 04:31:15 2010  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/dl/win32/registry.rb: Corrected RegCreateKeyExA signature.
-	  Patch by Rafal Michalski [ruby-core:33874] [Ruby 1.9-Bug#4203]
-
-Sun Dec 26 02:31:58 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (advice_arg_check): Change argument check.
-	  Now, an unsupported advice makes NotImplementedError.
-	  [ruby-dev:42887] [Ruby 1.9-Feature#4204]
-
-Sun Dec 26 03:00:53 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: Fix build error which was introduced r30372.
-
-Sun Dec 26 01:37:10 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: check the existence of if_indextoname().
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c: yesterday's akr's commits destroyed the build of
-	  some unrelated platforms (such as Windows).
-
-Sat Dec 25 23:29:11 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c (inspect_ipv4_add_drop_membership): new function
-	  to inspect struct ip_mreq and struct ip_mreqn for
-	  IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP and IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP.
-	  Socket::Option.new(:INET, :IP, :ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
-	  [239,255,99,81, 0,0,0,0].pack("CCCCCCCC")).inspect is now
-	  "#<Socket::Option: INET IP ADD_MEMBERSHIP 239.255.99.81 0.0.0.0>".
-	  (inspect_ipv4_multicast_if): new function to inspect struct in_addr
-	  and struct ip_mreqn for IP_MULTICAST_IF.
-	  Socket::Option.new(:INET, :IP, :MULTICAST_IF,
-	  [192,168,0,7].pack("CCCC")).inspect is now
-	  "#<Socket::Option: INET IP MULTICAST_IF 192.168.0.7>".
-
-	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: check struct ip_mreq and struct ip_mreqn.
-
-Sat Dec 25 22:49:10 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/csv: DifferentOFS needs to be include in each classes.
-
-	* test/digest/test_digest_extend.rb (TestDigestExtend#setup):
-	  should not depend on the result of previous tests
-
-	* test/with_different_ofs.rb (DifferentOFS::WithDifferentOFS): give
-	  name.
-
-	* test/with_different_ofs.rb (DifferentOFS): test suite for test
-	  suites affected by $,.
-
-	* test/digest/test_digest_extend.rb (TestDigestExtend): should not
-	  assume $, invariant.
-
-	* test/csv/test_data_converters.rb, test/csv/test_table.rb: don't
-	  call setup within tests.
-
-Sat Dec 25 20:01:40 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (pipe_open): Added rb_thread_atfork(). We must reinitialize
-	  GVL at new process creation.
-
-Sat Dec 25 18:26:55 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c (inspect_ipv6_mreq): new function to inspect
-	  struct ipv6_mreq for IPV6_JOIN_GROUP and IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP.
-	  Socket::Option.new(:INET6, :IPV6, :JOIN_GROUP,
-	  [0xff12,0,0,0,0,0,0,1, 2].pack("nnnnnnnnI!")).inspect is now
-	  "#<Socket::Option: INET6 IPV6 JOIN_GROUP ff12::1 eth0>".
-
-	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: check struct ipv6_mreq.
-
-Sat Dec 25 18:04:30 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/csv.rb (CSV.foreach): 'rb' mode is defaulted in open.
-
-	* lib/csv.rb (CSV#init_separators): cannonicalize encoding options
-	  as Encoding objects.
-
-Sat Dec 25 18:30:34 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_thread_atfork): Add small comment why we need
-	  reset random seed.
-
-Sat Dec 25 17:33:55 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/csv/base.rb (TestCSV.with_different_ofs): give name to
-	  anonymous classes.
-
-	* lib/csv.rb (CSV#init_separators): use IO#gets with length
-	  parameter to get rid of wrong convertion.
-
-	* lib/csv.rb (CSV::foreach, CSV#initialize): directly use encoding
-
-	* lib/csv.rb, test/csv: should not assume $, invariant.
-
-Sat Dec 25 16:08:06 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* signal.c: change rb_atomic_t definition from uchar to uint.
-
-Sat Dec 25 15:04:05 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/csv/test_encodings.rb (TestEncodings#setup): fix evil test
-	  suite writing to the source directory.
-
-Sat Dec 25 15:08:08 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/pty/pty.c (chfunc): Added rb_thread_atfork_before_exec().
-	  We must reinitialize GVL at new process creation. Otherwise
-	  we may meet an insane deadlock. [Bug#4121][ruby-dev:42686]
-
-Sat Dec 25 14:27:09 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_extract_encoding_option): accept Encoding object as
-	  encoding: optional argument.  [ruby-dev:42884]
-
-Sat Dec 25 13:37:55 2010  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
-
-	* lib/minitest/*.rb: Imported minitest 2.0.2 r6093.
-
-Sat Dec 25 13:05:59 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* random.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sat Dec 25 12:48:50 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* load.c (rb_f_require_relative): don't omit return type.
-
-Sat Dec 25 11:06:00 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* load.c (rb_f_require_relative): Add documentation.
-
-Sat Dec 25 11:02:52 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (gzreader_gets): support optional length
-	  parameter.
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (gzfile_read, gzfile_readpartial): length should
-	  be long.
-
-Sat Dec 25 10:51:03 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/json/generator/generator.{c,h} (fbuffer_free_only_buffer):
-	  unused.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs5.c (ossl_pkcs5_pbkdf2_hmac): add casts.
-
-Fri Dec 24 08:46:04 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Thu Dec 23 19:17:14 2010  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* test/net/imap/cacert.pem: updated because it has been expired.
-
-	* test/net/imap/server.crt: signed again because CA cert was expired.
-
-Thu Dec 23 11:16:52 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* parse.y: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Thu Dec 23 11:00:09 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* error.c (rb_check_type): check for type from extensions for ruby
-	  1.8.  see [ruby-core:33797].
-
-Thu Dec 23 08:12:59 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* lib/net/smtp.rb: refactoring Net::SMTP#esmtp= to use an
-	  attr_accessor
-
-Thu Dec 23 06:35:41 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* lib/net/smtp.rb: Net::SMTP should close the SSL connection if the
-	  connection verification fails.
-
-Thu Dec 23 01:47:58 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* NEWS: remove #object_id. [ruby-dev:42840]
-
-Wed Dec 22 08:56:39 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* NEWS: add Module#private_constant and Module#public_constant.
-	  [ruby-dev:39685][ruby-core:32698]
-
-Wed Dec 22 07:59:23 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* NEWS: add IO#advise. [ruby-core:33110] [Ruby 1.9-Feature#4038]
-
-Tue Dec 21 23:45:31 2010  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (Init_GC): move back object_id to Kernel. [ruby-dev:42840]
-
-Tue Dec 21 12:45:16 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (target_archs): remove temporary objects.
-
-	* enc/Makefile.in, enc/depend (clean): remove work directories.
-
-Tue Dec 21 07:39:12 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* pack.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Dec 21 06:25:43 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_contrib.rb (ContribTester#test_pos): should not
-	  use fixed path name for tests.  [ruby-dev:42827]
-
-	* test/rexml/test_sax.rb (SAX2Tester#test_socket): should not use
-	  fixed port for tests.  [ruby-dev:42828]
-
-Tue Dec 21 06:10:18 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (setup_args), vm.c (invoke_block_from_c),
-	  vm_insnhelper.c (caller_setup_args): reverted r30241 and r30243
-	  except for the test.
-
-Tue Dec 21 01:41:42 2010  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lnag.org>
-
-	* io.c : add an extra byte to buffer for the specification of read
-	  in Windows. see [ruby-core:33460] and r29980. and, we have to
-	  discuss how to do this one byte.
-
-Tue Dec 21 01:18:06 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* error.c: Fix build error for win32. This regression was
-	  introduced by r30271.
-
-Tue Dec 21 00:59:40 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (thread_cleanup_func): Moved interrupted_lock
-	  destroying code from native_thread_destroy() to
-	  thread_cleanup_func() because it's platform independent logic.
-
-	* thread_win32.c (native_thread_destroy): ditto.
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_thread_destroy): ditto.
-
-Tue Dec 21 00:46:20 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread.c (thread_cleanup_func): Don't touch native threading
-	  resource at fork. Sadly this is purely bandaid. We need to
-	  implement proper fix later. [Bug #4169] [ruby-core:33767]
-
-Tue Dec 21 00:22:44 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* error.c (exit_success_p): Check status code more carefully.
-	  status code may have garbage in upper bit.
-
-Mon Dec 20 23:12:37 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* node.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Mon Dec 20 20:04:41 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* NEWS: add #__id__ and #object_id. [ruby-dev:42778]
-
-Mon Dec 20 20:03:21 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_thread_destroy): Fixed gvl_cond leak.
-
-Mon Dec 20 13:49:05 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* NEWS: Add item for RDoc 3.0.1
-
-	* lib/rdoc: Import RDoc 3.0.1, remove require for perl parser.
-
-Mon Dec 20 12:15:32 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rdoc: Import RDoc 3.0.
-
-Mon Dec 20 01:55:03 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (Init_IO): Added O_DIRECT. This feature was proposed by
-	  Run Paint Run Run.
-	  [Feature #4015] [ruby-core:33018]
-
-Sun Dec 19 19:15:23 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* marshal.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sat Dec 18 21:52:37 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): suppress warning: "_WIN32" is not
-	  defined.
-
-Sat Dec 18 16:02:27 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (setup_args), vm.c (invoke_block_from_c),
-	  vm_insnhelper.c (caller_setup_args): fix of r30241. lambda block
-	  should check argument number.
-
-Sat Dec 18 14:42:29 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* load.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sat Dec 18 10:07:04 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (setup_args, iseq_compile_each): optimize AMPER LAMBDA
-	  combination as block.
-
-Fri Dec 17 22:07:16 2010  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (Init_GC): move #__id__ and #object_id to BasicObject.
-	  [ruby-dev:42778]
-
-Fri Dec 17 19:35:13 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/mkmf/base.rb (TestMkmf::FakeLog): capture output from mkmf.
-
-	* test/mkmf/test_find_executable.rb (test_find_executable):
-	  suppress meaningless differences for chkbuild.
-
-Fri Dec 17 13:26:54 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/setup.mak (BASERUBY): quit with an error when BASERUBY was not
-	  able to set, just like configure.in does. [ruby-dev:42782]
-
-Fri Dec 17 07:04:09 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* iseq.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Fri Dec 17 04:18:37 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* transcode.c (str_encode): Alter comment for better wording and ri
-	  output.
-
-Fri Dec 17 00:05:40 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_advise): New API. IO#advise() allows to tell the
-	  ruby runtime how it expects to use a file handle. This feature
-	  can be improved a performance some situations.
-	  Note: This feature is mainly developed by Run Paint Run Run.
-	  Thank you! [ruby-core:33110] [Ruby 1.9-Feature#4038]
-
-	* io.c (do_io_advise): Helper function.
-	* io.c (io_advise_sym_to_const): ditto.
-
-Thu Dec 16 23:29:20 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb (bin-comm): use transformed name.
-	  [ruby-dev:42777]
-
-Thu Dec 16 21:52:07 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* io.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Thu Dec 16 21:46:39 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/mkconfig.rb (RbConfig): honor ARCHFLAGS and RC_ARCHS to
-	  override embedded ARCH_FLAG value on universal-darwin.
-
-Thu Dec 16 19:50:12 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/{configure.bat,setup.mak,Makefile.sub} (PROGRAM_PREFIX,
-	  PROGRAM_SUFFIX): unite the differences of the names of macros of
-	  prefix and suffix.
-	  reported by HANEDA Norikatsu. [ruby-dev:42775]
-
-Thu Dec 16 08:04:47 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* node.h (RNode): match the type of flags to RBasic, and renamed
-	  nd_file as nd_reserved.
-
-	* iseq.c (set_relation), vm_insnhelper.c (vm_cref_push): nd_file
-	  is always zero-cleared.
-
-Thu Dec 16 07:22:30 2010  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
-
-	* lib/minitest/unit.rb: Imported minitest 2.0.1 r6079.
-
-Wed Dec 15 20:45:02 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (process_args): need to setup @help to print options.
-
-Wed Dec 15 11:19:33 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/zlib/test_zlib.rb (test_to_io): forgotten to fix with r30201.
-
-Wed Dec 15 11:07:34 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (simple_sendfile): enable on Mac OS X.
-
-	* io.c (nogvl_copy_stream_sendfile): moved precheck of copy length.
-
-	* io.c (nogvl_copy_stream_sendfile): should wait for both of
-	  read/write fds.
-
-Wed Dec 15 07:11:55 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* hash.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Wed Dec 15 04:02:00 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509ext.c (ossl_x509extfactory_set_config):
-	  fix compile error when !HAVE_X509V3_SET_NCONF. Thanks
-	  Chikanaga-san. [ruby-dev:42761] [Ruby 1.9-Bug#4158]
-
-Wed Dec 15 03:41:31 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* test/ripper/test_parser_events.rb (TestRipper#test_block_variables):
-	  Limit address space 100MB instead 100KB. Quite frankly, This
-	  margin is too narrow to contain ruby. [ruby-dev:42763] [Bug#4159]
-
-Tue Dec 14 23:53:52 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (simple_sendfile): improve linux compatibility on FreeBSD,
-	  and now it works. But without cpuset -l 0, it still gets stuck.
-
-Tue Dec 14 20:31:33 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* gc.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Dec 14 18:31:48 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: help messages.
-
-Tue Dec 14 18:19:03 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (help): there is no reason to use the abbreviation for here.
-
-Tue Dec 14 15:03:46 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_reopen, test_reinitialize): should close
-	  the temporary files.
-
-Tue Dec 14 14:24:15 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (make_tempfile): change the prefix from 'foo'
-	  to 'test_io' because the old one is meaningless and inconvenient.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_binmode_after_closed): the temporary file
-	  maked by make_temfile is already closed.
-
-Tue Dec 14 13:52:19 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_flush_in_finalizer[12]): should close
-	  temporary file because it's only used for taking pathname and
-	  unlinking the file after the end of the test (in GC phase).
-
-Tue Dec 14 13:34:33 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (gzfile_s_open): should close the IO if some error
-	  occurs in initializing.
-
-Tue Dec 14 13:04:16 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTPRequest#send_request_body_data):
-	  set binmode to tempfile.
-
-Tue Dec 14 12:55:46 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/zlib/test_zlib.rb (*): should close files associated with zlib.
-
-Tue Dec 14 11:30:17 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_argf.rb (test_inplace_rename_impossible): unlink
-	  the renamed temporary file on no_safe_rename platforms.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_argf.rb (test_readlines_limit_0,
-	  test_each_line_limit_0): should close argf because the associated
-	  Tempfile object cannot unlink the temporary file when it's gc'ed
-	  on some platforms (Windows, etc.)
-
-Tue Dec 14 11:27:07 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/minitest/unit.rb (Minitest::Unit#_run_suite): split test
-	  name and its time. Thiw allows to know test's name when you are
-	  running tests and meet a test which spends long time at realtime.
-
-Tue Dec 14 11:25:20 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: Add -Werror=declaration-after-statement to default
-	  warning flag. If you are using GCC, this flag is useful to
-	  prevent breaking VC build.
-
-Tue Dec 14 10:25:57 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (ossl_asn1_decode0): how many gcc-c99isms
-	  must a man mend; before he can build with VC? r30178
-
-Mon Dec 13 21:26:33 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (simple_sendfile): disable the use of sendfile(2) on
-	  FreeBSD. It blocks on TestIO#test_copy_stream_socket.
-
-Mon Dec 13 18:35:33 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c: define USE_SENDFILE on FreeBSD or DragonFly BSD.
-	  Remove Mac OS X because its argument is different from them.
-
-Mon Dec 13 12:00:09 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* file.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Mon Dec 13 11:21:14 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (simple_sendfile): added for BSD version of sendfile(2).
-
-Mon Dec 13 09:50:09 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTPRequest#set_form): Added to support
-	  both application/x-www-form-urlencoded and multipart/form-data.
-	  There is a similar API, Net::HTTPRequest#set_form_data, but
-	  to keep its compatibility this is newly added. [ruby-dev:42729]
-
-Sun Dec 12 23:45:27 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): fix for __goto__ and __label__
-	  where were totally broken.
-
-Sun Dec 12 22:45:43 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (ID_H_INCLUDES): now id.h depends on vm_opts.h.
-
-Sun Dec 12 20:42:47 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* template/id.h.tmpl: suppress all warning: "SUPPORT_JOKE" is not
-	  defined.  [ruby-dev:42730]
-
-Sun Dec 12 20:35:07 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* misc/rb_optparse.zsh: update how to install.
-
-	* misc/rb_optparse.zsh: avoid error when setopt noclobber.
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb: fix typo. pointed out at
-	  <http://d.hatena.ne.jp/nagachika/20101207>.
-
-Sun Dec 12 13:27:35 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* eval_error.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sun Dec 12 11:53:24 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* error.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sun Dec 12 04:01:58 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_inspect): fix: extra back slash is added when
-	  the string is dummy encoding and includes \x22 or \x5C.
-
-Sun Dec 12 02:42:24 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: indefinite length BER to DER encoding is
-	  properly supported.  Thanks Martin Bosslet! [ruby-core:33082]
-
-Sat Dec 11 17:43:34 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.h: suppress "warning: 'VPrint' declared
-	  'static' but never defined".
-
-Sat Dec 11 09:24:57 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* encoding.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sat Dec 11 08:12:48 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl.c, ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c: Document RSA, RSA
-	  encryption/decryption and PKCS #5 encryption/decryption.
-
-Sat Dec 11 06:23:41 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c: include Comparable to provide #==.
-	  Document OpenSSL::X509::Name#<=>.  [Ruby 1.9-Feature#4116]
-
-Sat Dec 11 05:48:28 2010  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: infinite loop on method_missing at loading.
-	  [ruby-dev:42716] [Ruby 1.9-Bug#4129]
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: when no eventloop is running, ruby freezes at
-	  exit.
-
-Sat Dec 11 02:23:15 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: try pkgconfig first, then fall back to
-	  normal have_library, etc.  Thanks Erik Hollensbe. [ruby-core:32406]
-
-Fri Dec 10 22:33:39 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* dln_find.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Fri Dec 10 20:05:42 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* template/id.h.tmpl (ruby_method_ids): suppress warnings.
-	  [ruby-dev:42730]
-
-Fri Dec 10 18:29:20 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ruby.c (ruby_init_loadpath_safe): relatively called non-shared
-	  binary cannot be found in PATH, so use given pathname.
-
-Fri Dec 10 18:28:40 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* cygwin/GNUmakefile.in (SCRIPTPROGRAMS): ignore backup files and etc.
-
-	* cygwin/GNUmakefile.in (scriptbin): set executable bit.
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb (install_recursive): always skip default ignored
-	  files.  if block is given, call it instead of calling install.
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb (bin-comm): use install_recursive.
-
-Fri Dec 10 18:12:31 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/mkmf/base.rb (TestMkmf#config_value): extract macro value from
-	  config.h.
-
-	* test/mkmf/test_sizeof.rb (TestMkmf::TestSizeof#test_sizeof_builtin),
-	  (TestMkmf::TestSizeof#test_sizeof_struct): more tests.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (check_signedness): should use the prelude code.
-	  [ruby-dev:42731]
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (Logging.log_close): separate from Logging.logfile.
-
-	* test/mkmf/base.rb (TestMkmf::MKMFLOG): show mkmf.log at failures.
-
-	* test/mkmf/base.rb (TestMkmf#teardown): close log file for each tests.
-
-Fri Dec 10 11:36:43 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* compile.c (enum): remove a comma at end of enumerator list.
-
-	* constant.h (rb_const_flag_t): ditto.
-
-	* iseq.h (enum catch_type): ditto.
-
-	* iseq.h (enum defined_type): ditto.
-
-	* vm_core.h (enum iseq_type): ditto.
-
-	* vm_core.h (enum vm_special_object_type): ditto.
-
-Fri Dec 10 10:47:53 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* sprintf.c (_HAVE_SANE_QUAD_): Don't forget LP64, r30156.
-
-Fri Dec 10 10:37:17 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* sprintf.c (_HAVE_SANE_QUAD_): if a certain platform has LONG_LONG in
-	  8 byte, it might be sane quad. [ruby-core:33634]
-
-Fri Dec 10 10:07:59 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb: remove version 1.1 features.
-
-Fri Dec 10 02:18:02 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c (ossl_x509stctx_cleanup): removing C
-	  implementation of `cleanup`.
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/x509.rb: adding ruby implementation of
-	  `cleanup`.  OpenSSL::X509::StoreContext#cleanup is deprecated since
-	  reusing the underlying struct doesn't make sense. [ruby-dev:42546]
-
-Thu Dec  9 20:14:39 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (lvar_defined_gen, shadowing_lvar_gen, dvar_defined): no
-	  warnings for unused method and block arguments.
-	  [ruby-dev:42718] [ruby-dev:42724]
-
-Thu Dec  9 19:25:49 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* dln.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Thu Dec  9 18:51:06 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/accesslog.rb (WEBrick::AccessLog#format): support
-	  %{remote}p for logging remote (client) port number.
-	  [ruby-dev:42670]
-
-Thu Dec  9 11:00:30 2010  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_dup): should copy contents only.  no instance
-	  variable, no class would be copied.  it would affect methods
-	  #sort, #reject, #transpose, #uniq, #compact, and #shuffle.
-	  [ruby-core:33640]
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_reverse_m): ditto.
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_rotate_m): ditto.
-
-Wed Dec  8 21:38:40 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/dl/lib/dl/struct.rb: clean a warning: assigned but unused
-	  variable. patched by Kouhei Yanagita. [ruby-dev:42722]
-
-	* ext/dl/lib/dl/import.rb: ditto.
-
-Wed Dec  8 21:36:16 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (shadowing_lvar_gen): fix line number.  [ruby-dev:42718]
-
-Wed Dec  8 20:37:11 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* dir.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Dec  7 22:37:15 2010  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lnag.org>
-
-	* io.c (io_read): duplicate string if shared. [ruby-dev:42719]
-
-Tue Dec  7 22:31:08 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser::Officious): separate completion
-	  options from --help.  [ruby-dev:42690]
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser::Completion#candidate),
-	  (OptionParser::Switch#compsys): remove unused variables.
-
-Tue Dec  7 22:05:25 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* transcode.c (transcode_loop): call default handler of the given
-	  hash, method, proc or [] method as fallback.  [ruby-dev:42692]
-
-Tue Dec  7 21:59:37 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/light/node.rb: remove circular require.
-
-Tue Dec  7 21:56:01 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_light.rb: really suppress a warning.
-
-Tue Dec  7 21:51:57 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_light.rb: suppress a warning.
-
-Tue Dec  7 21:14:03 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* debug.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Dec  7 21:06:38 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/doctype.rb, test/rexml/test_doctype.rb: suppress warnings.
-	  [ruby-core:33305]
-	  Reported by Aaron Patterson. Thanks!!!
-
-Tue Dec  7 18:56:52 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/nkf/lib/kconv.rb (String#kconv): fix typo and update rdoc.
-	  patched by Kouhei Yanagita [ruby-dev:42696]
-
-Tue Dec  7 20:32:11 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_doctype.rb: add Accessor to test case name.
-
-Tue Dec  7 20:31:02 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@clear-code.com>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_doctype.rb: Doctype -> DocType.
-
-Tue Dec  7 20:29:23 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@clear-code.com>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_doctype_mixin.rb: rename to ...
-	* test/rexml/test_doctype.rb: ... this to remove needless name.
-
-Tue Dec  7 17:03:16 2010  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/imap.rb (xlist): supported the XLIST command, which is an
-	  extension by Apple and Google.  patch by Geoff Youngs.
-	  [ruby-core:33521]
-
-Tue Dec  7 08:00:44 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in, win32/Makefile.sub (WERRORFLAG): flag to treat
-	  warnings as errors.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (Logging.postpone): yield log file object.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (xsystem): add options, :werror only right now.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (with_werror): check as if warnings are errors.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (convertible_int): make declaration conflict
-	  warnings errors not to pass wrong type.  [ruby-dev:42684]
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (COMMON_MACROS): get rid of conflicts.
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (WARNFLAGS): make declaration conflict
-	  warnings errors if possible.
-
-Sun Dec  7 21:16:10 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* cont.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Tue Dec  7 00:27:14 2010  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lnag.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_read): fixed more for readline,
-	  and so on. [ruby-core:33511]
-
-Mon Dec  6 23:18:22 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/mkmf/base.rb (TestMkmf#setup): run quietly.
-
-	* test/mkmf/test_find_executable.rb (test_find_executable): use
-	  configured results.
-
-	* common.mk (test-build): test for build process.
-
-Mon Dec  6 22:47:15 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser#candidate): skip separators.
-
-	* sample/optparse/opttest.rb: should not override --help.
-	  [ruby-dev:42690]
-
-Mon Dec  6 19:00:48 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* misc/rb_optparse.zsh: fix typos.
-
-Mon Dec  6 18:59:04 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* NEWS: add new encodings.
-
-Mon Dec  6 18:56:42 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_string.rb (TestString#test_scan): add a test for
-	  [ruby-core:33338] #4087.
-
-Mon Dec  6 18:55:36 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* test/uri/test_common.rb (TestCommon#test_encode_www_form): add
-	  tests for r30015.
-
-Mon Dec  6 10:39:54 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI::Parser#initialize_pattern):
-	  refix for restrict the pattern.
-
-Mon Dec  6 09:45:11 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/openssl (OpenSSL): add toplevel documentation
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (SSLContext, SSLSocket: add additional
-	  documentation
-	* ext/openssl: move "let rdoc know about mOSSL" comments so they don't
-	  show up in output
-
-Mon Dec  6 09:16:46 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI::Parser#initialize_pattern):
-	  workaround fix pattern of hostname for RFC 3986. [ruby-dev:42672]
-
-Mon Dec  6 09:14:38 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (check_signedness): rename unused variable prelude.
-
-Sun Dec  5 17:56:36 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* class.c (make_metaclass): fix probable typo.  builtin type flag
-	  cannot be used with FL_TEST.
-
-Sun Dec  5 12:09:27 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/irb/init.rb (IRB.parse_opts): fix typo. [ruby-core:33574]
-
-Sun Dec  5 11:27:08 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ruby.c (load_file_internal): decrement for ungotten line.
-	  [ruby-dev:42680]
-
-Sun Dec  5 10:32:11 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* complex.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sat Dec  4 11:39:17 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509ext.c (initialize): add documentation.
-
-Sat Dec  4 11:21:50 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_update_by): new API for Hash#update.
-
-Sat Dec  4 11:18:10 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* class.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sat Dec  4 11:07:57 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_inc_const_missing_count): missing prototype.
-
-Sat Dec  4 08:50:10 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/iconv/iconv.c (Init_iconv): no warnings if $VERBOSE is nil.
-
-Sat Dec  4 08:25:15 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): revert r30064 and r30071,
-	  because of [ruby-core:26761]. Bug#4106 rejected.
-
-Sat Dec  4 07:46:48 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (String#tr_cpp): substitute * with P like as
-	  autoconf.
-
-Fri Dec  3 22:36:45 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): protected methods should be
-	  checked against the real class.
-
-Fri Dec  3 20:23:31 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (convertible_int): define printf format prefix too.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (convertible_int): detect convertible integer type.
-	  port RUBY_REPLACE_INT from configure.in.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (check_sizeof): should return integer always.
-
-Fri Dec  3 12:54:48 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (RCFLAGS): VC10 and after only. fixed the problem
-	  of r30015. [ruby-core:33530]
-
-Fri Dec  3 12:41:52 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_objspace_free): With our "lazy-sweep" GC engine, it is
-	  possible for an object to survive until its surrounding object
-	  space is about to be freed.  Those objects, if any, remains
-	  leaked for the rest of a process life.  This is problematic
-	  because for instance a T_DATA object may have its own destructor
-	  to terminate something.
-
-	* vm.c (ruby_vm_destruct): ruby_current_vm termination should be
-	  somewhere after rb_objspace_free for above reason.
-
-Fri Dec  3 12:17:19 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): protected singleton methods should
-	  be visible from same real class methods.  [ruby-core:33506]
-
-Fri Dec  3 07:08:42 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_getline): round upto next char
-	  boundary.  [ruby-dev:42674]
-
-Fri Dec  3 06:52:46 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* compile.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Fri Dec  3 04:08:59 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* encoding.c (enc_alias_internal): use st_insert2 and change return
-	  value to int.
-
-	* encoding.c (enc_alias): follow enc_alias_internal.
-
-Fri Dec  3 01:52:43 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* encoding.c (enc_alias_internal): use xfree instead of free.
-
-Thu Dec  2 23:52:26 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* NEWS: entry for ruby_vm_at_exit().
-
-	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): bug fix around at_exit (1) timing was
-	  wrong. (2) execution order was opposite.
-
-Thu Dec  2 23:05:14 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (RCFLAGS): -nologo switch is only available in
-	  newer versions of rc.exe. fixed the problem of r30012.
-
-Thu Dec  2 21:28:07 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/json/lib/json/add/rails.rb: removed.
-
-Thu Dec  2 21:22:05 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* encoding.c (enc_alias_internal): free the copied key and
-	  return NULL when given key is already registered.
-
-	* encoding.c (enc_alias): call set_encoding_const only when the
-	  alias is not registered yet.
-
-Thu Dec  2 19:58:24 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (ruby_vm_at_exit): new API.  This enables extension libs to
-	  hook a VM termination.  Right now, because the VM we have is
-	  process global, most extensions do not deallocate resources and
-	  leave them to Operating System's reaping userland processes.  But
-	  in a future we plan to have multiple VMs to run simultaneously in
-	  a single process (MVM project).  At that stage we can no longer
-	  rely on OSes and have to manage every resources to be reclaimed
-	  properly.  So it is.  For a forward-compatibility reason this API
-	  is introduced now, encouraging you to be as gentle as you can for
-	  your resources; that is, tidy up your room.
-
-	* include/ruby/vm.h: ditto.
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_struct): new field.
-
-	* vm.c (vm_init2): initialize above new field.
-
-	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): trigger those hooks.
-
-Thu Dec  2 17:00:44 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* bignum.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Thu Dec  2 15:31:14 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_read): more fix. [ruby-core:33513]
-
-Thu Dec  2 13:41:43 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_read): workaround for console reading troubles.
-	  fixed [ruby-core:33511]
-
-Thu Dec  2 13:10:42 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI.encode_www_form):
-	  split key-value when the value is Array like object.
-
-Thu Dec  2 10:39:39 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP#set_form_data):
-	  use URI.encode_www_form for application/x-www-form-urlencoded.
-
-Thu Dec  2 10:38:40 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/extmk.rb: remove $makeflags.defined?, it should be $mflags.
-
-Thu Dec  2 10:19:47 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (rc): suppress meaningless message.
-
-Thu Dec  2 10:09:40 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/json/generator/extconf.rb: remove the lines which set -O3
-	  when -O option is not set.
-	  Note that -O3 doesn't always exist.
-
-	* ext/json/parser/extconf.rb: ditto.
-
-Thu Dec  2 10:01:59 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/extmk.rb: define $makeflags.defined? like $mflags.
-
-Thu Dec  2 07:20:20 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::GCStressOption): --gc-stress
-	  option.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Mini#_run_suites): show the result
-	  even when interrupted on the way.
-
-Thu Dec  2 07:08:38 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/io/console/console.c (setattr): should retry on EINTR.
-	  [ruby-dev:42666]
-
-Thu Dec  2 02:30:50 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb: fixed positional wording to match revised order.
-
-Thu Dec  2 01:24:39 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/json/lib/json/common.rb: don't use iconv on 1.9.
-	  patched by Shota Fukumori [ruby-core:33164]
-
-Thu Dec  2 01:02:03 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/json: Update github/flori/json from 1.4.2+ to
-	  e22b2f2bdfe6a9b0. this fixes some bugs.
-
-Thu Dec  2 00:05:44 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb: improve rdoc.
-	  This change the order of chapter because such overview should
-	  begin with simple examples.
-	  patched by Eric Hodel [ruby-core:33469]
-
-Wed Dec  1 22:01:49 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (Init_Numeric): fixed a potential bug when using bccwin32
-	  ruby with Microsoft's dll, though we already gave up of supporting
-	  bccwin32. [ruby-core:33503]
-
-Wed Dec  1 21:43:21 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* array.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Wed Dec  1 21:41:57 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/socket/test_addrinfo.rb: extract Errno::EADDRINUSE as a method.
-
-	* test/socket/test_socket.rb: ditto.
-
-Wed Dec  1 15:08:32 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb (test_not_started_session): non socket
-	  argument of SSLSocket.new is not supported on Windows.
-
-Wed Dec  1 14:36:36 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_memhash): zero-filled strings should return
-	  different values.  [ruby-core:33500]
-
-Wed Dec  1 14:27:49 2010  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
-
-	* lib/minitest/*.rb: Imported minitest 2.0.0 r5952.
-	* test/minitest/*.rb: ditto.
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: Compatibility fix for minitest changes.
-
-Wed Dec  1 10:16:41 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_inspect): fix typo (not 0xFD but 0xFE).
-
-Wed Dec  1 09:28:27 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c: Follow .gnu_debuglink section.
-	  A user of distribution provided ruby will see line
-	  info if s/he has a debug package for ruby.
-	  patched by Shinichiro Hamaji [ruby-dev:42655]
-
-Wed Dec  1 01:29:15 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_inspect): inspect as a dummy encoding string
-	  when a UTF-16/32 (not BE/LE) string does not have a BOM.
-	  Unicode and some RFCs say that a string labeled as UTF-16/32
-	  doesn't have a BOM, it should be considered big endian.
-	  But many Windows programs generates little endian UTF-16
-	  strings without a BOM. So String#inspect treats a string
-	  labeled UTF-16/32 without a BOM as a dummy encoding string.
-	  patched by Martin Duerst. [ruby-core:33461]
-
-Tue Nov 30 17:04:10 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (parse_debug_line_cu): ignore DW_LNE_set_discriminator.
-	  To ignore, it needs to read a single unsigned LEB128 integer.
-
-Tue Nov 30 16:29:19 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_dump.c: undef HAVE_BACKTRACE when the OS is FreeBSD (in other
-	  words backtrace() is libexecinfo) and it is optimized.
-	  This temporary hack may be also applied to other libexecinfo
-	  environments.
-
-Tue Nov 30 16:23:23 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb: improve rdoc.
-	  patched by Eric Hodel ref #4100
-
-Tue Nov 30 12:23:52 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_read): read only 1 byte at once on console.
-	  workaround of Windows bug. see [ruby-core:33460].
-	  this is not the final solution.
-
-Tue Nov 30 11:39:13 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb: improve rdoc.
-	  patched by mathew murphy [ruby-core:33472] ref #4100
-
-Tue Nov 30 05:03:44 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (encode_www_form, encode_www_form_component):
-	  Improve English in documentation.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ssl_version=, ciphers=): Document
-	  #ssl_version=, add documentation for #ciphers=.
-
-Mon Nov 29 22:55:24 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI::WFKV_): get rid of backtrack explosion
-	  by nested repeat operators.  [ruby-core:33464]
-
-Mon Nov 29 22:53:13 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (scriptbin.mk): fix generated rules.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_write_console): fix argument type.
-
-Mon Nov 29 21:12:51 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-forward-sexp): stop after literal hash
-	  key labels.
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-font-lock-keywords): highlight literal
-	  hash key labels as symbols.
-
-Mon Nov 29 18:31:31 2010  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_transcode.rb (test_unicode_public_review_issue_121):
-	  - Removed commented-out options that are no longer under discussion.
-	  - Added two more tests for forthcomming clarifications.
-
-Mon Nov 29 14:31:17 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_isatty): use GetConsoleMode() to determine the
-	  fd is console or not, just like rb_w32_write_console(). [experimental]
-
-Mon Nov 29 14:19:40 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/win32.h (rb_w32_write_console): wrong prototype.
-
-Mon Nov 29 14:10:55 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_write_console): fixed indentation.
-
-Sun Nov 28 22:13:39 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (NATIVE_MUTEX_LOCK_DEBUG): move and use it.
-
-	* ChangeLog: fix my timezone.
-
-Mon Nov 28 21:58:58 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c: remove pthread_atfork().
-
-Mon Nov 28 21:54:22 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (native_cond_*): Check return code.
-	  (Some OSes except Linux return error code).
-
-Sun Nov 28 21:46:21 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (thread_start_func_1): initialize native thread
-	  data immediately before starting.
-
-Sun Nov 28 14:56:32 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (struct argf): make lineno long, and reorder members.
-
-Sun Nov 28 14:55:42 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_win32.c (gvl_release, gvl_init): suppress warnings.
-
-Sun Nov 28 14:48:24 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (gvl_release, gvl_init): suppress warnings.
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_gvl_destroy): add prototype.
-
-Sun Nov 28 14:46:24 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_pthread.c (gvl_reinit): register atfork handler only in
-	  the parent process, to get rid of dead lock.
-
-Sun Nov 28 12:23:57 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* thread.c, vm_core.h: make gvl_acquire/release/init/destruct
-	  APIs to modularize GVL implementation.
-
-	* thread_pthread.c, thread_pthread.h: Two GVL implementations.
-	  (1) Simple locking GVL which is same as existing GVL.
-	  (2) Wake-up queued threads.  The wake-up order is simple FIFO.
-	     (We can make several queues to support exact priorities, however
-	      this causes some issues such as priority inversion and so on.)
-	      This impl. prevents spin-loop (*1) caused on SMP environments.
-	  *1: Only one Ruby thread acquires GVL again and again.
-	      Bug #2359 [ruby-core:26694]
-
-	* thread_win32.c, thread_win32.h: Using simple lock
-	  not by CRITICAL_SECTION but by Mutex.
-	  Bug #3890 [ruby-dev:42315]
-
-	* vm.c (ruby_vm_destruct): ditto.
-
-Sun Nov 28 04:40:00 2010  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
-
-	* io.c (io_fwrite): use rb_w32_write_console under Windows.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_write_console): added to write to write
-	  Unicode using WriteConsoleW for stdout/stderr. [ruby-core:33166]
-
-Sun Nov 28 03:58:47 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb: improve rdoc.
-	  patched by Mike Perham [ruby-core:33433]
-
-Sat Nov 27 19:12:10 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* time.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
-
-Sat Nov 27 18:08:18 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* time.c (leap_year_v_p): fixed typo.  [ruby-dev:42631]
-
-Sat Nov 27 17:57:08 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS): use the same DNS server when retry using
-	  TCP.  reported by Julian Mehnle.  [ruby-core:32970]
-
-Sat Nov 27 15:45:27 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): see CrashReport log on Mac OS X.
-
-	* configure.in: link addr2line only for ELF.
-
-Sat Nov 27 13:58:55 2010  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser#candidate): : was missing.  Thanks,
-	  Shota Fukumori.  [ruby-dev:42634]
-
-Sat Nov 27 12:07:05 2010  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* man/ruby.1: Ruby man page from Arthur Gunn in [ruby-core:33412]
-
-Sat Nov 27 11:29:24 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser#candidate): get rid of 1.9 syntax
-	  so that BASERUBY can be 1.8.
-
-Sat Nov 27 08:16:21 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c (rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines): should close fd on
-	  edge case.
-
-Fri Nov 26 13:33:24 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c: apply a patch from shinichiro.h.
-
-Fri Nov 26 12:21:20 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* addr2line.c: added to show source filename and line number of
-	  functions in backtrace. [ruby-dev:42625]
-	  a patch from shinichiro.h <shinichiro.hamaji AT gmail.com>
-
-	* addr2line.h: ditto.
-
-	* common.mk: add addr2line.$(OBJEXT).
-
-	* configure.in: check dl_iterate_phdr.
-
-	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): use rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines in
-	  addr2line.c when the binary is ELF.
-
-Fri Nov 26 12:12:50 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* regcomp.c (setup_tree): restart setup_tree() for a node whose
-	  AnchorNode's type is ANCHOR_PREC_BEHIND or ANCHOR_PREC_BEHIND_NOT
-	  and divide_look_behind_alternatives() divided it to NT_ALT or
-	  NT_LIST. [ruby-core:33370]
-
-Fri Nov 26 11:40:11 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_dump.c (dump_thread): get only required rights of the target
-	  thread because THREAD_ALL_ACCESS causes an access error on XP.
-	  reported by Masaya TARUI via IRC.
-
-Fri Nov 26 11:09:07 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_dump.c (dump_thread): show the displacement from the beginning
-	  of the symbol.
-
-Fri Nov 26 10:48:23 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_dump.c (dump_thread): follow the output of glibc.
-	  see [ruby-dev:42627]
-
-Fri Nov 26 09:48:45 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (rb_reg_initialize_str): should succeed the taint status from
-	  the origin. [ruby-core:33338]
-
-Fri Nov 26 09:32:37 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_dump.c (dump_thread): seems to be necessary the 3rd argument of
-	  SymGetLineFromAddr64(), even though MSDN says it can be zero.
-
-Fri Nov 26 09:03:38 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* regcomp.c (onig_is_prelude): added to check whether ruby is still
-	  in prelude (or other boot processes) or not.
-
-	* regcomp.c (optimize_node_left): use onig_is_prelude for printing.
-
-	* regcomp.c (set_optimize_info_from_tree): ditto.
-
-	* regcomp.c (onig_compile): ditto.
-
-	* regcomp.c (print_compiled_byte_code_list): print its address.
-
-	* regcomp.c (print_indent_tree): print its contents tree of
-	    ANCHOR_PREC_READ(_NOT) and ANCHOR_PREC_BEHIND(_NOT).
-
-Thu Nov 25 23:10:49 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* regcomp.c (print_distance_range): use PRIuSIZE.
-
-	* regcomp.c (print_optimize_info): use %ld because the type of
-	  calculated value of integers is long.
-
-	* regexec.c (onig_print_compiled_byte_code): add prototype.
-
-	* regexec.c (match_at): add 2nd argument.
-
-Thu Nov 25 10:29:55 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/dl/callback/mkcallback.rb (gencallback): shouldn't assume that
-	  VALUE is the same size with long.
-
-Thu Nov 25 10:03:14 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_err_in_callback.rb (teardown): remove tmp file
-	  only when it exists.
-
-Thu Nov 25 01:38:25 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/trans/big5-hkscs-tbl.rb: Update table as HKSCS-2008.
-	  patched by oCameLo oTnTh [ruby-core:33256]
-
-	* enc/big5.c: add alias Big5-HKSCS:2008 to Big5-HKSCS.
-
-Wed Nov 24 15:18:07 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vsnprintf (BSD_vfprintf): use QUADINT macro only when _HAVE_SANE_QUAD_
-	  macro is defined.
-
-Wed Nov 24 12:47:16 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vsnprintf (BSD_vfprintf): added VC++ compatible size specifications
-	  (I, I32, I64).
-
-Wed Nov 24 11:19:13 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_inspect): treat UTF-16 and UTF-32 as BE or LE.
-
-Wed Nov 24 06:35:32 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/trans/utf_16_32.trans: add the UTF-32 converter.
-
-Wed Nov 24 05:40:33 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-Wed Nov 24 06:13:32 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (filecp, wstr_to_mbstr, mbstr_to_wstr):
-	  refactored.
-
-Wed Nov 24 05:40:33 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/trans/utf_16_32.trans: add a converter from UTF-8 to UTF-16.
-
-Wed Nov 24 03:21:35 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/trans/utf_16_32.trans: raise error on unpaired upper
-	  surrogates.
-
-Wed Nov 24 01:40:23 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/utf_16_32.h: add UTF-16 and UTF-32 as a dummy encoding.
-
-	* enc/trans/utf_16_32.trans: add a converter from UTF-16 to UTF-8.
-
-Tue Nov 23 21:59:47 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (wlink, rb_w32_getppid): use typedef instead of
-	  repeating complicated function prototypes.
-
-Tue Nov 23 18:54:03 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (rb_thread_mark): should mark self in control
-	  frames.  [ruby-core:33289]
-
-Tue Nov 23 07:57:31 2010  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date/delta/parser.{ry,rb}: fixed a bug of token scanner.
-
-Tue Nov 23 07:29:24 2010  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* complex.c, rational.c ({nucomp,nurat}_expt): added a check.
-
-Tue Nov 23 07:27:27 2010  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date.rb (daynum): should be private.
-
-Tue Nov 23 07:22:54 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ChangeLog (change-log-indent-text): hanging indent.
-
-Tue Nov 23 06:30:51 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (SITE_DIR, VENDOR_DIR),
-	  version.c (ruby_initial_load_paths): exclude directories that
-	  are configured without them from $LOAD_PATH. [ruby-core:33267]
-
-	* configure.in (rubylibprefix): No ruby, No libprefix.
-
-Tue Nov 23 01:05:27 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): don't output floating point
-	  when the precision is 0. [ruby-dev:42615]
-
-Mon Nov 22 21:30:57 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_inspect): fix for ascii-compatible external
-	  encoding and different encoding string.  [ruby-core:33283]
-
-Mon Nov 22 18:45:44 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): should not duplicate rules.
-	  bug fix of r29842.
-
-Mon Nov 22 18:04:40 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/big5.c: split CP950 from Big5.
-
-	* enc/big5.c: split CP951 from Big5-HKSCS.
-
-	* enc/trans/big5.trans: import conversion table of Big5, Big5-HKSCS,
-	  CP950, and CP951 from ICU. they need fallback conversions.
-	  ref [ruby-core:33256]
-	  http://source.icu-project.org/repos/icu/data/trunk/charset/data/ucm/
-
-	* tool/transcode-tblgen.rb (import_ucm): add to import ucm files.
-
-Mon Nov 22 18:33:30 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_inspect): append for each chars instead of bulk
-	  copy if encoding conversion is needed.  [ruby-core:33283]
-
-Mon Nov 22 14:22:45 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* time.c (time_zone): use rb_locale_str_new_cstr to set encoding
-	  as locale and convert its content to internal encoding.
-	  [ruby-core:33278]
-
-Mon Nov 22 11:58:11 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_concat): set ENC_CODERANGE_VALID when the
-	  receiver is 7BIT and the argument is non ASCII.
-
-Mon Nov 22 01:48:58 2010  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date.rb: some improvements for performance.
-
-Sat Nov 20 07:45:50 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb: adding compilation support for ObjC/ObjC++ extensions.
-	  Thanks Scott Gonyea! [ruby-core:33260]
-
-Sat Nov 20 01:57:55 2010  Akio Tajima  <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
-
-	* common.mk: add dependency(insns.inc) to compile.obj
-
-Fri Nov 19 23:05:48 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (insns_rules.mk): remove extra backslash.
-
-	* cygwin/GNUmakefile.in, win32/Makefile.sub (clean): rc files are
-	  made at compile time, so should be removed by clean.
-
-Fri Nov 19 22:09:46 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_core.rb
-	  (Tester#test_pretty_format_long_text_finite): skip a test that
-	  uses long string on small memory system. [ruby-dev:42599]
-
-Fri Nov 19 21:07:06 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb: shell completion support for zsh.  based on
-	  <http://d.hatena.ne.jp/rubikitch/20071002/zshcomplete>
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb: shell completion support for bash.
-
-Fri Nov 19 00:00:00 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* cygwin/GNUmakefile.in (SCRIPTPROGRAMS): no needs on cygwin.
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (scriptbin): create script binaries.
-
-Thu Nov 18 23:21:23 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/formatters/pretty.rb (REXML::Formatters::Pretty#wrap):
-	  REXML::Formatters::Pretty#wrap used a recursive method call to
-	  format text.  This switches it to use an iterative approach.
-	  [ruby-core:33245]
-	  Patch by Jeremy Evans. Thanks!!!
-
-	* test/rexml/test_core.rb: add a test for it.
-
-Thu Nov 18 22:58:43 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/io.h (rb_io_buffer_t): extract from rb_io_t.
-
-Thu Nov 18 07:37:44 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* Makefile.in (reconfig): force reconfigure with previous options.
-
-	* common.mk (showconfig): show configure flags, like as
-	  `config.status --config' generated by recent autoconf.
-
-Thu Nov 18 07:16:49 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* missing/langinfo.c (strncasecmp): get rid of redefinition.
-
-Thu Nov 18 00:02:17 2010  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/csv.rb: Upgrading output encoding with ASCII content
-	  as needed.  [ruby-core:33229]
-
-Wed Nov 17 23:19:21 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/configure.bat: remove quotes from arguments to be quoted.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): use forward slashes in messages.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): make extension libraries messages
-	  brief.
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (MAKEDIRS): should not include silent flag.
-
-	* common.mk (ext/ripper/ripper.c, ext/json/parser/parser.c): pass
-	  Q and ECHO.  [ruby-core:33226]
-
-Wed Nov 17 16:09:52 2010  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* test/test_tracer.rb: new test case.
-	  minimal regression test for r29280.
-
-Wed Nov 17 16:04:23 2010  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (Test::Unit::Assersions#assert_warn):
-	  new assertion to assert that a particular warning message is
-	  displayed.
-	  forward port from branches/ruby_1_9_2@29795.
-
-Wed Nov 17 15:16:48 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* regint.h (OnigOpInfoType): constify name.
-
-	* regcomp.c (op2name): constify return value.
-
-	* regcomp.c (onig_print_compiled_byte_code): use PRIuPTR and
-	  uintptr_t to clean warnings.
-
-	* regcomp.c (print_indent_tree): use PRIxPTR and intptr_t.
-
-	* regexec.c (match_at): use PRIdPTR and intptr_t.
-
-Wed Nov 17 09:49:10 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/shift_jis.c (property_name_to_ctype): fix memory leak.
-
-	* enc/euc_jp.c (property_name_to_ctype): ditto.
-
-Wed Nov 17 08:54:04 2010  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/csv.rb: Upgrading output encoding as needed.  [ruby-core:33135]
-
-Tue Nov 16 22:30:39 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_throw): remove fear of undefined behavior :-)
-	  Coverity Scan found this bug.
-
-Tue Nov 16 09:33:00 2010  Kenta Murata <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/util.rb (to_digits): avoid unused
-	  variables warning, reported by Aaron Patterson.
-
-Tue Nov 16 06:39:31 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* pack.c (PACK_ITEM_ADJUST): return nil not result array and yield
-	  values if block is given.  [ruby-core:33193]
-
-Tue Nov 16 00:21:20 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* regparse.c (and_cclass, or_cclass): fix memory leak.  Coverity Scan
-	  found this bug.  [ruby-dev:42579]
-
-Tue Nov 16 00:07:32 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* gc.c (assign_heap_slot): fix fear of memory leak and memory
-	  violation.  Coverity Scan found this bug.
-
-Mon Nov 15 23:54:45 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* eval_intern.h (CHECK_STACK_OVERFLOW): it was not intended to add
-	  size_t to a pointer typed VALUE*.  Coverity Scan found this defect.
-
-Mon Nov 15 23:41:21 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_set_exception_local_table, iseq_set_local_table,
-	  rb_iseq_build_from_ary): fix type inconsistency (which is benign
-	  because sizeof(ID) == sizeof(ID*), though).  Coverity Scan found
-	  these bugs.
-
-Mon Nov 15 22:47:27 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_funcall): ensure va_end after va_init_list.  Coverity
-	  Scan found this bug.
-
-Mon Nov 15 08:36:12 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* lib/racc/parser.rb (do_parse, yyparse): using class eval to define
-	  method and avoid __send__.
-
-Mon Nov 15 06:43:48 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* etc/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_get_cert): raise exception if
-	  pointer is invalid.  Thanks Ippei Obayashi! [ruby-dev:42573]
-
-Sun Nov 14 17:57:45 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/Makefile.in (distclean): should not remove sources which are
-	  distributed in tarball.
-
-Sun Nov 14 16:48:56 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_set_token_info): turn on/off with directives.
-	  [ruby-core:25442]
-
-Sun Nov 14 12:05:24 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (argf_readlines): forward to current_file for arguments
-	  check.  http://twitter.com/nagachika/status/3634254856589312
-
-Sun Nov 14 08:48:06 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/setup.mak (-basic-vars-, -runtime-): suppress trailing
-	  space and compiler command line.
-
-Sun Nov 14 04:22:32 2010  Alexander Zavorine  <alexandre.zavorine@nokia.com>
-
-	* symbian/setup (config.h): Added HAVE_LABS and HAVE_LLABS to config.h.
-
-	* symbian/configure.bat: Changed packaging version in line with API
-	  style 3 versioning.
-
-Sat Nov 13 16:37:56 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (showflags, help): emit messages at once.
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (MSG, EOM): remove surrounding quotes by %~I.
-
-Sat Nov 13 01:31:30 2010  Akio Tajima <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub: reorder variable End Of Message (don't display it)
-
-Fri Nov 12 20:52:34 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (showflags, help): use caret to quote leading spaces on
-	  Windows.
-
-	* Makefile.in, common.mk, cygwin/GNUmakefile.in, enc/depend,
-	  ext/ripper/depend, lib/mkmf.rb, win32/Makefile.sub: caddle up.
-
-Fri Nov 12 16:35:31 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: support C level backtrace information on FreeBSD.
-	  When devel/libexecinfo is installed on FreeBSD, now ruby
-	  can show C level backtrace information.
-	  http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/ports/devel/libexecinfo/
-
-Fri Nov 12 09:58:30 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/setup.mak: use findstr.exe instead of find.exe, because all
-	  target build platforms should have findstr.exe, and, find.exe often
-	  means another command such as cygwin's.
-
-Fri Nov 12 00:30:19 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (config.h): need PRI_LL_PREFIX.
-
-Thu Nov 11 23:38:32 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: ANSI C-conforming const and volatile are mandatory
-
-	* configure.in (AC_C_CONST, AC_C_INLINE, AC_C_VOLATILE): check
-	  before used in other checks.
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX): should not break from
-	  RUBY_WERROR_FLAG, so that ac_c_werror_flag gets restored.
-
-Thu Nov 11 23:04:44 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/iconv/iconv.c (warn_deprecated): show caller position.
-
-Thu Nov 11 23:03:12 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (argf_close): untie tied io before closing.
-
-	* io.c (argf_write): add ARGF.write and so on.
-
-	* io.c (argf_read_nonblock): add ARGF.read_nonblock.
-
-Thu Nov 11 21:49:06 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rdoc/stats.rb (RDoc#print): get rid of NaN.
-
-Thu Nov 11 21:47:12 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (SHOWFLAGS): show compile flags.
-
-	* common.mk: hide long command lines by default.  verbose-mode is
-	  turned on by V=1 as before.
-	  http://jarp.does.notwork.org/diary/200605b.html#200605121
-
-Thu Nov 11 21:32:09 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (try_func): accept variable address.
-
-	* ext/win32ole/extconf.rb: libuuid is needed on cygwin.
-
-Thu Nov 11 21:24:36 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (file_expand_path): use cygwin_conv_path on cygwin 1.7 or
-	  later.
-
-	* ruby.c (push_include_cygwin): ditto.
-
-Thu Nov 11 20:49:48 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (PRI_LL_PREFIX): format type specifier for
-	  LONG_LONG may vary on platforms.
-
-Thu Nov 11 20:45:23 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (SYMBOL_PREFIX): separate from EXPORT_PREFIX.
-
-	* win32/mkexports.rb (Exports#each_export): use SYMBOL_PREFIX.
-
-Wed Nov 10 07:20:10 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* cygwin/GNUmakefile.in (scriptbin): make executable file from
-	  scripts with stub.
-
-	* ruby.c (load_file_internal): assume xflag for exe file as well
-	  as no-shebang file.
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb: install script programs.
-
-	* win32/mkexports.rb (Exports#initialize): alias ruby_sysinit for
-	  stub.
-
-	* win32/stub.c: stub for scripts.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
-
-Tue Nov  9 21:57:45 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dln.c (init_funcname): allocate and build initialization
-	  funciton name at once.
-
-Tue Nov  9 21:14:54 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (AC_FUNC_GETPGRP, AC_FUNC_SETPGRP): no need when
-	  not used.
-
-	* configure.in (EXPORT_PREFIX): check generic prefix.
-
-Tue Nov  9 13:24:33 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* regenc.c (onigenc_minimum_property_name_to_ctype):
-	  \p{...} should be case insensitive. [ruby-core:33000]
-
-	* regenc.c (onigenc_property_list_add_property):
-	  ditto.
-
-	* enc/euc_jp.c (init_property_list, property_name_to_ctype):
-	  to lowercase property names.
-
-	* enc/shift_jis.c (init_property_list, property_name_to_ctype):
-	  ditto.
-
-Tue Nov  9 13:29:36 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (overlapped_socket_io): get rid of a warning of 64bit
-	  mingw.
-
-Tue Nov  9 10:44:19 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* util.c (ruby_strtod): this code uses FPU's rounding system.
-	  But x86's FPU calculates double precision floating-point
-	  numbers in 80bit precision, so it fails to round the value.
-	  So ensure the value is assigned a variable. [ruby-dev:42551]
-	  see also [ruby-math:00802]
-	  http://www.shudo.net/java-grandprix99/strictfp/
-
-Tue Nov  9 07:30:15 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* error.c (rb_syserr_new): new function to make SystemCallError
-	  instance without errno.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
-
-	* error.c (rb_syserr_fail, rb_mod_syserr_fail): ditto.
-
-Tue Nov  9 05:54:57 2010  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* lib/*.rb: Remove unused variable warnings.
-	  Patch by Run Paint [ruby-core:30991]
-
-	* lib/rubygems/*, lib/rdoc/*.rb, lib/rake/*.rb: ditto
-
-Mon Nov  8 18:26:03 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* util.c (ruby_hdtoa): fix type cast and bufsize.
-
-Mon Nov  8 15:40:56 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): fix precision specifier doesn't
-	  work well on %f. [ruby-dev:42552]
-
-Mon Nov  8 14:41:40 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (get_wsa_extension_function): typos.
-
-Mon Nov  8 13:41:33 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/enc-unicode.rb,
-	  enc/unicode/name2ctype.h, enc/unicode/name2ctype.h.blt,
-	  enc/unicode/name2ctype.kwd, enc/unicode/name2ctype.src:
-	  Add Age property to regexp. [ruby-core:33019]
-	  patched by Ammar Ali, tested by Run Paint Run Run
-
-Mon Nov  8 12:16:39 2010  Ben Walton  <bwalton@artsci.utoronto.ca>
-
-	* configure.in: support -h for solaris linker when gcc not used
-
-Mon Nov  8 11:47:39 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (finish_overlapped_socket): refactoring.
-
-Mon Nov  8 11:02:21 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (get_proc_address): refactoring.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (get_wsa_exetinsion_function): refactoring.
-
-Mon Nov  8 09:45:35 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/trans/gbk-tbl.rb: Add euro sign. [ruby-core:33094]
-	  CP936, which is de facto definition of GBK, has it.
-	  http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/cc305153.aspx
-
-Mon Nov  8 07:26:20 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: check only the first symbol to get rid of
-	  duplication.  [ruby-core:33084] #4031
-
-Sun Nov  7 10:13:30 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (NM): check on all platforms.  #4031
-
-Sun Nov  7 06:16:33 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ocsp.rb: adding test for r29699.  Thanks Elise
-	  Huard! [ruby-core:32460]
-
-Sat Nov  6 07:33:08 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (rb_cv_export_prefix): check for prefixed
-	  underscore of exported symbols
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb (bin-comm): prepend prolog shell script if
-	  necessary.
-
-	* configure.in (LIBRUBY_RELATIVE): use rpath token expansion.
-
-Sat Nov  6 07:24:01 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* template/ruby.pc.in (arch, sitearch): reordered.
-
-	* configure.in: keep failed file.
-
-Sat Nov  6 07:03:49 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c (rb_fork_err): save errinfo before fdopen.
-
-Sat Nov  6 00:43:58 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c (ossl_ocspcid_initialize): an optional
-	  parameter may be used to specify the OpenSSL::OCSP::CertificateId on
-	  initialization.  Thanks Elise Huard! [ruby-core:32460]
-
-Fri Nov  5 12:23:01 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_{process,system}.rb (test_fallback_to_sh):
-	  meaningless and wrong tests where /bin/sh does not exist.
-
-	* process.c (proc_spawn_v): should spawn, not exec.
-
-Fri Nov  5 01:21:31 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* process.c (proc_exec_v, proc_spawn_v): try to execute with sh if
-	  no shebang.  [ruby-core:32745] [EXPERIMENTAL]
-
-Fri Nov  5 00:39:00 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_readlines, rb_io_each_line): limit must not be zero.
-	  a patch from Tomoyuki Chikanaga at [ruby-dev:42538].  #4024
-
-Fri Nov  5 00:14:15 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/extconf.rb: fixing ffi library location on windows.
-	  Thanks Usa! [ruby-core:32930]
-
-Thu Nov  4 20:04:44 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_newobj): force garbage_collect() if GC.stress == true.
-
-Thu Nov  4 19:48:22 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* ChangeLog: missed to write a last ChangeLog.
-
-	* gc.c (gc_finalize_deferred): removed.
-
-	* gc.c (rb_gc_finalize_deferred): Do not invoke a free_unused_heaps().
-
-Thu Nov  4 19:45:27 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (run_final): do not need argument obj.
-
-Thu Nov  4 19:26:10 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (before_gc_sweep): fix commit miss.
-
-Thu Nov  4 19:20:46 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (after_gc_sweep, before_gc_sweep):
-	  invoke rb_sweep_method_entry() as soon as possible.
-
-Thu Nov  4 19:13:58 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (after_gc_sweep, slot_sweep): finalizers should be invoked
-	  as soon as possible.
-
-Thu Nov  4 10:30:40 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (--with-valgrind): Now this option is default on.
-	  You can still explicitly disable this feature by specifying
-	  --without-valgrind.
-
-Thu Nov  4 02:06:16 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* cont.c (fiber_t_alloc): raise an error when fiber is going to be
-	  initialized twice.  [ruby-dev:42524]
-
-Thu Nov  4 02:04:25 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* cont.c (rb_fiber_resume): raise an "double resume" error when root
-	  fiber is going to be resumed.  [ruby-dev:42523]
-
-Wed Nov  3 14:17:18 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/ostruct.rb (OpenStruct#delete_field): also undefine
-	  accessor methods.  [ruby-core:33010]
-
-Wed Nov  3 14:13:46 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_enc_cr_str_buf_cat): concatenation of valid
-	  encoding string and invalid encoding string should result
-	  invalid encoding.  [ruby-core:33027]
-
-Wed Nov  3 08:58:59 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c, vm.c, vm_core.h: remove USE_VALUE_CACHE option.
-
-Wed Nov  3 07:47:25 2010  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/irb/ruby-lex.rb (RubyLex#identify_string): parse multiple
-	  regex options.  a patch from Heesob Park in [ruby-core:32988].
-
-Wed Nov  3 07:33:57 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* vm_method.c (rb_clear_cache_by_class): just return if the class has
-	  no method.  reported by Eric Wong.  [ruby-core:32689]
-
-Tue Nov  2 22:50:25 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/visitor.rb (initialize): push accessor
-	  methods to subclass that actually uses them.
-
-Tue Nov  2 22:47:08 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/visitor.rb (accept): switch to
-	  a dispatch cache rather than case / when statement.
-
-Tue Nov  2 21:46:52 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* NEWS: fix a typo.
-
-Tue Nov  2 20:10:32 2010  Tajima Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
-
-	* test/rake/test_tasks.rb: clear env var which is used by the test.
-	  [ruby-dev:42508]
-
-Tue Nov  2 00:25:54 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: win64 is just same with win32 about socket.
-	  notice: but wince is not same.
-
-Mon Nov  1 21:25:57 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* main.c: <stdlib.h> is needed, to introduce the getenv(3)
-	  prototype declaration.  Without it a C compiler shall infer
-	  the getenv type as "int getenv(...);", but this is totally
-	  wrong, especially when your machine's sizeof(int) and
-	  sizeof(char*) differs.  On such environment a return value
-	  of getenv(3), which is in fact a char*, might first casted
-	  into a int (loses data here), and then casted back to char*
-	  by automatic integral promotion to fit to the prototype of
-	  ruby_set_debug_option().
-
-Sun Oct 31 23:27:09 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (finalizer_table, objspace->final.table):
-	  Create finalizer_table at Init_heap().
-	  Remove all null checks of finalizer_table.
-
-	* gc.c (mark_tbl): skip if no table entries.
-
-	* gc.c (slot_swee): remove useless need_call_final check.
-
-Sun Oct 31 22:32:08 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_objspace_free): finalizers should be called separately
-	  from freeing objspace.  [ruby-dev:42479]
-
-Sun Oct 31 22:24:14 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): free current VM and its objspace even
-	  when exiting by SystemExit.
-
-Sun Oct 31 22:10:56 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* compile.c (new_child_iseq): adjust argument types.
-
-	* iseq.c (prepare_iseq_build, rb_iseq_new),
-	  (rb_iseq_new_with_bopt_and_opt, rb_iseq_new_with_opt),
-	  (rb_iseq_new_with_bopt): ditto.
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_set_exception_table): suppress warnings.
-
-	* insns.def (putspecialobject, defined): ditto.
-
-	* iseq.c (iseq_load): ditto.
-
-Sun Oct 31 09:30:51 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_core.h: some refactoring.
-	  - move decl. of rb_compile_option_struct to iseq.h.
-	  - define enum iseq_type.
-	  - define enum vm_special_object_type.
-
-	* compile.c: some refactoring.
-	  - apply above changes.
-	  - (struct iseq_link_element): change value of type.
-	  - remove unused decl.
-	  - fix comment.
-	  - rename iseq_build_body and iseq_build_exception to
-	    iseq_build_from_ary_body and iseq_build_from_ary_exception.
-
-	* iseq.h: define enum catch_type and enum defined_type.
-
-	* insns.def: apply above changes.
-
-	* iseq.c: define ISEQ_MAJOR_VERSION and ISEQ_MINOR_VERSION.
-
-Sat Oct 30 23:38:59 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/encoding.rb: untabify.
-
-Sat Oct 30 21:06:37 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/encoding.rb: use Ruby native encoding mechanism.
-	  [ruby-dev:42464]
-	* lib/rexml/encodings/: remove.
-
-	* lib/rexml/document.rb, lib/rexml/formatters/default.rb,
-	  lib/rexml/output.rb, lib/rexml/parseexception.rb,
-	  lib/rexml/parsers/baseparser.rb, lib/rexml/source.rb,
-	  lib/rexml/xmldecl.rb: use Ruby's native Encoding object.
-
-	* test/rexml/, test/rss/: follow the above encoding changes.
-
-	* NEWS: add REXML's incompatible change about encoding.
-
-Sat Oct 30 17:23:19 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* util.c (ruby_strtod): get rid of overflow/underflow as possible.
-
-Sat Oct 30 14:37:39 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (ruby_pc): erase runtime-defined variables and
-	  check if generated pc file is valid.
-
-	* template/ruby.pc.in (DEFFILE): need for mingw.
-
-	* template/ruby.pc.in (LIBRUBY): fix the order.
-
-Sat Oct 30 11:33:54 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (ruby_pc): ignore missing variables.
-
-	* template/ruby.pc.in: add missing variables for mswin.
-
-Sat Oct 30 10:24:35 2010  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
-
-	* object.c: Make BasicObject.new accept no parameter.
-	  Revert of r26135 [ruby-core:27080], as per [ruby-core:32952].
-
-Sat Oct 30 09:40:54 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enum.c: use constants in id.h.
-
-Sat Oct 30 09:08:27 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/closure.c (fiddle_closure): embed cif not reference
-	  so that the content surely get initialized.  [ruby-dev:42480]
-
-Sat Oct 30 07:01:53 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/resolv-replace.rb: suppress warning.
-
-	* lib/open-uri.rb: ditto.
-
-Sat Oct 30 06:32:52 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* test/pathname/test_pathname.rb (TestPathname#test_grpowned?): the
-	  group of the created file is inherited from the parent
-	  directory on BSDs and MacOS X.  Linux also inherit the group if
-	  the setgid bit of the directory is set.  It causes the test fail.
-	  fixed by Shota Fukumori.  [ruby-dev:42458]
-
-Sat Oct 30 05:58:54 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb: retry via TCP if UDP reply is truncated.
-	  fixed by Julian Mehnle.  [ruby-core:32407]
-
-Sat Oct 30 00:35:13 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* iseq.c (iseq_s_compile): fix optional argument.
-	  a patch from Yutaka HARA [ruby-core:32953] [Ruby 1.9-Bug#4001]
-
-Sat Oct 30 00:24:42 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (memsize_of): take care of
-	  T_CLASS/const_tbl.
-	  a patch from nagachika <nagachika00@gmail.com> [ruby-dev:42490]
-
-Fri Oct 29 23:32:36 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* test/profile_test_all.rb: added.
-	  You can use test-all profiler with the following command:
-	    RUBY_TEST_ALL_PROFILE=true make test-all
-	  This command generates ./test_all_profile and you can analyze
-	  which tests consume memories.
-
-	* test/runner.rb: ditto.
-
-Fri Oct 29 10:02:03 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/enc-unicode.rb,
-	  enc/unicode/name2ctype.h, enc/unicode/name2ctype.h.blt,
-	  enc/unicode/name2ctype.kwd, enc/unicode/name2ctype.src:
-	  Add 'Unknown' Script.
-	  patched by Run Paint Run Run. [ruby-core:32937] #3998
-
-Fri Oct 29 05:13:34 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (ObjectSpace.memsize_of_all): rename
-	  ObjectSpace.total_memsize_of_all_objects() to
-	  ObjectSpace.memsize_of_all([klass]).
-	  Accept Class object to filter the objects.
-
-	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb: fix test for above change.
-
-Fri Oct 29 03:04:16 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_dump): fix expected length. [ruby-core:32935]
-
-Thu Oct 28 23:31:39 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (before_gc_sweep, run_final): fix decrement timing of final_num.
-
-Thu Oct 28 20:11:30 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/enc-unicode.rb,
-	  enc/unicode/name2ctype.h, enc/unicode/name2ctype.h.blt,
-	  enc/unicode/name2ctype.kwd, enc/unicode/name2ctype.src:
-	  Update Oniguruma for Unicode 6.
-	  patched by Run Paint Run Run. [ruby-core:32923] #3989
-
-Thu Oct 28 20:06:25 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/oniguruma.h (ONIGENC_CTYPE_SPECIAL_MASK):
-	  change mask from 128 to 256. [ruby-core:32931]
-
-Thu Oct 28 12:06:54 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/httprequest.rb (read_request_line): extend max
-	  length to 2083. This is from Internet Explorer's max uri
-	  length. http://support.microsoft.com/kb/208427 [ruby-core:32924]
-
-Thu Oct 28 04:00:08 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (GC.stat): added.  [ruby-dev:38607]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: add a test for above.
-
-Thu Oct 28 03:13:06 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (memsize_of): fix rdoc.
-
-	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (total_memsize_of_all_objects): added.
-
-	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb:
-	  - add a test for ObjectSpace.total_memsize_of_all_objects.
-	  - add two tests for ObjectSpace.memsize_of (for nil and Fixnum).
-
-Wed Oct 27 23:55:27 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/iconv/iconv.c (Init_iconv): warn deprecated use.
-
-Wed Oct 27 18:50:17 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_big2long, rb_big2ulong): rb2ulong() returns VALUE, but
-	  its real range is ulong. So, if the size of VALUE is bigger than
-	  ulong, upper bits are always zero even if the actual value is
-	  negative.
-	  fixed #3490
-
-Wed Oct 27 18:27:17 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#pipe): should close write end of pipe
-	  before closing read end, to get rid of timing problem.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb (TestIO_M17N#pipe): ditto.
-
-Wed Oct 27 18:14:27 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_getppid): support Win64.
-
-Wed Oct 27 15:07:19 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_win32.c (w32_error): should get error no only once, because
-	  the result of the second getting will indicate the error of the
-	  first FormatMessage() call.
-
-Wed Oct 27 13:51:25 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#pipe): need to propagate exceptions
-	  in read/write thread. fix r29541.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb (TestIO_M17N#pipe): ditto.
-
-Wed Oct 27 12:05:40 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* class.c (clone_const): need to return value. fix r29602.
-
-Wed Oct 27 11:58:58 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (NUM2LONG_internal): add cast to get rid of a
-	  non GCC compiler warning. this is intentional type conversion.
-
-Wed Oct 27 09:25:46 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* cont.c: apply documentation patch by Run Paint Run Run.
-	  [ruby-core:32915]
-
-Wed Oct 27 02:12:10 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* object.c (Init_Object), constant.h, variable.c
-	  (rb_mod_private_constant, rb_mod_public_constant,
-	  set_const_visibility, rb_const_get_0): add Module#public_constant
-	  and private_constant.  [ruby-dev:39685][ruby-core:32698]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: add tests for above.
-
-Wed Oct 27 02:02:54 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* class.c, constant.h, gc.c, method.h, object.c, variable.c,
-	  vm_insnhelper.c: use struct rb_constant_entry_t as entry of
-	  RCLASS_CONST_TBL.  RCLASS_CONST_TBL has contained VALUE of constant
-	  directly.  Now instead rb_const_entry_t is contained in
-	  RCLASS_CONST_TBL,  rb_const_entry_t is managed by malloc, and
-	  have not only the value itself but also visibility flag.
-	  This is another preparation for private constant (see
-	  [ruby-dev:39685][ruby-core:32698]).
-
-Wed Oct 27 01:56:34 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* class.c, gc.c, object.c, variable.c, vm_insnhelper.c,
-	  include/ruby/ruby.h: separate RCLASS_CONST_TBL from RCLASS_IV_TBL.
-	  RCLASS_IV_TBL has contained not only instance variable table but
-	  also constant table.  Now the two table are separated to
-	  RCLASS_CONST_TBL and RCLASS_IV_TBL.  This is a preparation for
-	  private constant (see [ruby-dev:39685][ruby-core:32698]).
-
-Tue Oct 26 18:51:00 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/scanf.rb (extract_float): allow 2.e+2 style.
-	  [ruby-dev:42452] #3978
-
-Tue Oct 26 18:09:36 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* Makefile.in (ASFLAGS): needs INCFLAGS.
-
-	* configure.in (rb_cv_dynamic_alloca): check if extra source for
-	  dynamic size alloca.
-
-	* missing/x86_64-chkstk.s (___chkstk): necessary for alloca of
-	  amd64-mingw32msvc-gcc on Ubuntu.
-
-	* thread_win32.c (ruby_alloca_chkstk): check stack overflow
-
-Tue Oct 26 18:04:53 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* template/ruby.pc.in (Libs): needs DLDFLAGS.
-
-Tue Oct 26 12:47:10 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (pkgconfig-data): moved from Makefile.in.
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb: install pc file only if non-empty.
-	  [ruby-core:32901] #3983
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (ruby_pc): create pc file.
-
-Tue Oct 26 09:13:34 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins): check for atomic
-	  builtins, all are not available in Apple derivative gcc.
-
-Tue Oct 26 00:29:26 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* Makefile.in (pkgconfig-data): create pkg-config metadata file.
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb: install pkg-config metadata file.
-
-	* template/ruby.pc.in: template of pkg-config metadata file.
-
-Mon Oct 25 16:38:07 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* signal.c  (rb_atomic_t): GCC (of  at least  recent versions)
-	  has  ubiquitous  support  for  atomic operations.   On  that
-	  compiler a C program can  issue a memory barrier using these
-	  dedicated  instructions.  According to  the GCC  manual they
-	  cargo culted  this feature form  the Itanium ABI  so chances
-	  are that  other compilers  could also support  this feature.
-	  But so far GCC is the  only compiler that I know to have it.
-	  Also note that this works on non-Itanium machines.
-
-Mon Oct 25 06:21:35 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): prec digits fractal part should be
-	  appended to 0 if prec is given.  [ruby-dev:42453] #3979
-
-Mon Oct 25 02:57:21 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* common.mk (run.gdb): Quit gdb on 'make gdb' when
-	  no signals are received.
-
-Mon Oct 25 00:25:23 2010  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date.rb: some corrections of documentation.
-
-Sun Oct 24 17:14:00 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c, gc.c, hash.c, object.c, string.c, struct.c,
-	  transcode.c, variable.c, vm.c, vm_insnhelper.c, vm_method.c:
-	  replace calls to rb_error_frozen() with rb_check_frozen().  a
-	  patch from Run Paint Run Run at [ruby-core:32014]
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_check_frozen): optimize.
-	  [ruby-core:32878]
-
-Sun Oct 24 15:16:30 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Mini#run): abort if interrupted.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Mini#run_test_suites): show the
-	  result even when interrupted on the way.
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Mini#run_test_suites): ensure
-	  output sync mode to be restored.
-
-Sun Oct 24 14:11:16 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (vm_define_method): defined method is run with the default
-	  public visibility regardless the visibility context of definition.
-	  [ruby-core:30638]
-
-Sun Oct 24 12:08:54 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb: make test/unit play nicely with the rake test
-	  loader. [ruby-core:32864]
-
-Sun Oct 24 00:25:13 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (test_segv_test): follow up the
-	  change at r29556.
-
-Sat Oct 23 14:39:58 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb: $extmk should be true for test/runner.
-
-Sat Oct 23 10:55:37 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): fix to add bug outputs.
-	  - loaded script ($0)
-	  - loaded features ($")
-	  - process memory map on Linux (/proc/self/maps)
-
-	* vm_dump.c (rb_vmdebug_stack_dump_raw): fix header message.
-
-Fri Oct 22 14:50:13 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert):
-	  assertion message must not be nil.
-
-Fri Oct 22 13:59:50 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert):
-	  treat nil case. Please run test-all before commit such change.
-
-Thu Oct 21 23:58:14 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* gc.c (gc_lazy_sweep): Variable declarations should be at
-	  the head of block.
-
-Thu Oct 21 23:56:54 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (objspace_each_objects, rb_objspace_each_objects): use
-	  struct.
-
-	* gc.c (objspace_each_objects): fix return with no value.
-
-Thu Oct 21 23:47:12 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (dir_initialize): remove useless intermediate variable.
-
-Thu Oct 21 16:07:20 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_f_select): change rdoc.
-	  patched by Eito Katagiri [ruby-core:31805]
-
-Thu Oct 21 15:55:21 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/httpauth/digestauth.rb
-	  (WEBrick::HTTPAuth::ProxyDigestAuth#check_uri): privated.
-	  [ruby-dev:42344]
-
-Thu Oct 21 15:50:25 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_f_select): add correct rdoc.
-	  patched by Dave Thomas [ruby-core:32467]
-
-Thu Oct 21 15:42:01 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/telnet.rb (Net::Telnet#close): added.
-	  patched by Erik Hollensbe [ruby-dev:42260] #3830
-
-Thu Oct 21 13:08:00 2010  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_objspace_each_objects): don't lazy sweep in
-	  rb_objspace_each_objects. [Bug #3940] [ruby-dev:42369]
-
-Thu Oct 21 00:05:45 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#pipe): get rid of deadlock on pipe.
-	  a patch from Tomoyuki Chikanaga at [ruby-dev:42435].  #3970
-
-	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb (TestIO_M17N#pipe): ditto.
-
-Wed Oct 20 23:54:36 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/dbm/dbm.c: rdoc based on a patch by mathew meta AT
-	  pobox.com, at [ruby-core:32853].
-
-Wed Oct 20 10:47:21 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* util.c (ruby_strtod): reject 0x1.p+0. [ruby-dev:42432] #3966
-
-Wed Oct 20 10:00:57 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): print floating point on "%#a".
-	  [ruby-dev:42431] Bug#3965
-
-Tue Oct 19 19:30:11 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): clear ALT flag for %a.
-	  [ruby-core:32841] [ruby-core:32848]
-
-Tue Oct 19 12:19:25 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): fix over-count of field size.
-
-Tue Oct 19 03:08:52 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): use HEXPREFIX flag for prefix of %a.
-	  [ruby-core:32841]
-
-Mon Oct 18 13:18:01 2010  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* ext/digest/digest.c (rb_digest_class_init): Define
-	  Digest::Class.new(). [Feature #3954]
-
-Mon Oct 18 12:58:40 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* pack.c (pack_pack): refine the document.  [ruby-dev:42397]
-	  (pack_unpack): ditto.
-
-Mon Oct 18 10:19:00 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb (transport_request): @socket may be nil.
-	  patched by Egbert Eich [ruby-core:32829]
-
-Mon Oct 18 09:57:28 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* sprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): wrong padding around prefix and
-	  floating point with %a. [ruby-dev:42403] Bug #3956
-
-Sun Oct 17 22:36:33 2010  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date/delta.rb: added an rdoc tag.
-
-Sun Oct 17 10:47:12 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* variable.c (rb_mod_remove_const): update rdoc.
-	  [ruby-core:31957]
-
-Sun Oct 17 10:40:17 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* class.c (rb_define_{class,module}_id_under): register to be
-	  marked, which probably are defined and used internally.
-
-Sat Oct 16 11:10:55 2010  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_encoding2cp): set codepage 20936
-	  according to GB2312. [Bug #3937] [ruby-core:32758]
-
-Sat Oct 16 10:54:57 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* Makefile.in (CPP): already used in .c.i rule.
-
-	* cygwin/GNUmakefile.in (DLLWRAP, WINDRES): add --driver-name and
-	  --preprocessor options explicitly.  [ruby-core:32776]
-
-Sat Oct 16 10:06:08 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/sdbm/_sdbm.c (SEEDUPS, BADMESS): make settable using command
-	  line options.
-
-	* ext/sdbm/_sdbm.c (makroom): suppress unused result warning.
-
-	* ext/sdbm/extconf.rb: disable BADMESS, a library should not emit
-	  messages directly.
-
-Sat Oct 16 08:39:03 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dln.c (dln_strerror): get English message first, instead of
-	  system default. see [ruby-dev:42358].
-
-Sat Oct 16 00:08:00 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_aref): skip calling "default" method
-	  if it is not needed, for speed-up.
-
-Fri Oct 15 23:36:25 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (NUM2DEVT, DEVT2NUM, PRI_DEVT_PREFIX): fallback to
-	  unsigned int.
-
-Fri Oct 15 22:54:46 2010  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_hresult2msg): get English message first,
-	  instead of system default. [ruby-core:32765]
-
-Fri Oct 15 22:47:31 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (VALUE): prefer long over uintptr_t,
-	  FIX2LONG expects VALUE to be long at least.
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (FIX2LONG): parenthesize the argument.
-
-Fri Oct 15 20:30:30 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (dev_t): use RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE.
-
-	* file.c (rb_stat_inspect): use PRI_DEVT_PREFIX.
-
-Fri Oct 15 17:26:57 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* pack.c (pack_pack): simplify comparison of explicit_endian
-	  as pointed by nobu.
-
-	* pack.c (pack_unpack): ditto.
-
-Fri Oct 15 16:40:37 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* pack.c (pack_pack): fix more than one modifiers appear in the
-	  format string. [ruby-core:32793]
-
-	* pack.c (pack_unpack): ditto.
-
-Thu Oct 14 23:20:42 2010  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_folderitem2_invokeverb.rb: refactoring.
-
-Thu Oct 14 22:18:29 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* insns.def, iseq.c, vm_insnhelper.c: rename variable name
-	  (ip -> iseq).
-
-Thu Oct 14 20:41:27 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* pack.c (pack_pack): support endian modifiers: < and >.
-	  [ruby-dev:42376] Feature #3491
-
-	* pack.c (pack_unpack): ditto.
-
-Thu Oct 14 20:50:51 2010  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (reg_get_val): expand environment in
-	  the pathname. [Bug #3907]
-
-Thu Oct 14 07:35:07 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (DEVT2NUM): added. Size of dev_t is depend on the
-	  environment even if POSIX defines dev_t as unsigned integer.
-	  For example, OpenVMS, 64bit Solaris 9, and NetBSD 6 defines
-	  dev_t as 64bit unsigned integer.
-
-	* file.c (rb_stat_dev): use DEVT2NUM.
-
-	* file.c (rb_stat_dev_major): dev_t is not long. major(3)'s return
-	  value is int.
-
-	* file.c (rb_stat_dev_minor): dev_t is not long. minor(3)'s return
-	  value is int.
-
-	* configure.in: check size of dev_t.
-
-Thu Oct 14 07:22:12 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_and, rb_ary_or), class.c (rb_mod_init_copy),
-	  gc.c (undefine_final), time.c (time_mload): get rid of
-	  type-punning casts.
-
-Thu Oct 14 04:16:41 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (ruby_float_step): fix Numeric#step with infinity unit
-	  doesn't works well. [ruby-core:32779]
-
-Wed Oct 13 23:16:46 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/enc-unicode.rb: get rid of lots of warnings.
-
-	* iseq.c (insn_operand_intern, rb_iseq_disasm): fix format specifiers.
-
-	* vm.c (thread_free): ditto.
-
-	* numeric.c (check_uint): get rid of overflow on LLP64 platforms.
-
-	* insns.def (opt_case_dispatch): use st_data_t.
-
-Wed Oct 13 22:32:34 2010  Takeyuki FUJIOKA  <xibbar@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/cgi/util.rb (CGI::unescape): bugfix to unescape the multibyte
-	  string. Thanks nobu and tDiary dev members. [Bug #3909]
-
-Wed Oct 13 21:13:00 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (int_chr): raise error when the value is negative.
-
-Wed Oct 13 19:24:08 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (ruby_vm_destruct): This function type was wrong; correct to the prototype.
-
-Wed Oct 13 14:58:09 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (rb_num_to_uint): fix 32bit logic.
-
-Wed Oct 13 12:53:43 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (rb_num_to_uint): added to check the range of arguments.
-	  Mainly for negative value with NUM2UINT on 32bit environment.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_concat): use rb_num_to_uint.
-
-Wed Oct 13 12:10:02 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread_win32.c (w32_error): get English message first, instead
-	  of system default. see [ruby-core:32765].
-	  [experimental]
-
-Wed Oct 13 11:04:03 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* debug.c (ruby_set_debug_option): define always for binary
-	  compatibility with debug env enabled binary.
-
-	* signal.c (ruby_enable_coredump): ditto.
-
-Wed Oct 13 10:52:51 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (ruby_executable_node): missing prototype.
-
-Wed Oct 13 05:23:04 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* missing/strchr.c: add strlen's prototype.
-
-	* missing/strstr.c: ditto.
-
-Wed Oct 13 00:21:17 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (struct mktime_arg): constified.
-
-	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (mktime_do, mktime_r, rb_syck_mktime): fix
-	  function signatures.
-
-Wed Oct 13 00:18:18 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* st.c (MurmurMagic): get rid of literal overflow.
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX): check for printf format
-	  specifier if possible.
-
-Tue Oct 12 23:58:19 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_open_osfhandle, rb_w32_wopen, rb_w32_pipe):
-	  use uintptr_t instead of long for win64.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (socketpair_internal): suppress warnings.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (ftruncate): use HANDLE instead of long for win64.
-
-	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): fix cast.
-
-	* numeric.c (rb_num2fix): result of rb_num2long is SIGNED_VALUE.
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_build_body), error.c (set_syserr, get_syserr),
-	  (syserr_initialize), gc.c (define_final, rb_gc_copy_finalizer),
-	  (run_final), hash.c (rb_hash_aref, rb_hash_lookup2),
-	  (rb_hash_fetch_m, rb_hash_clear, rb_hash_aset, eql_i),
-	  iseq.c (iseq_load, iseq_data_to_ary), marshal.c (r_symlink),
-	  thread.c (rb_thread_local_aref),
-	  variable.c (generic_ivar_remove, ivar_get, rb_const_get_0),
-	  (rb_cvar_get), vm.c (rb_vm_check_redefinition_opt_method),
-	  vm_insnhelper.c (vm_get_ev_const), vm_method.c (remove_method),
-	  ext/iconv/iconv.c (map_charset): use st_data_t.
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_build_body), insns.def (getglobal, setglobal),
-	  iseq.c (iseq_load, iseq_data_to_ary), util.c (valid_filename):
-	  use VALUE.
-
-	* gc.c (obj_free, rb_objspace_call_finalizer): fix truncating
-	  cast.
-
-	* gc.c (mark_current_machine_context): suppress warnings.
-
-	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): fix truncating cast.
-
-	* cont.c (fiber_setcontext): missing variable definition.
-
-Tue Oct 12 19:25:13 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* error.c (exc_to_s): use OBJ_INFECT.
-
-	* error.c (name_err_to_s): ditto.
-
-	* error.c (name_err_mesg_to_str): ditto.
-
-	* error.c (syserr_initialize): ditto.
-
-Tue Oct 12 19:07:55 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* error.c (syserr_initialize): taint message if mesg is given
-	  and it is tainted.
-
-Tue Oct 12 18:25:43 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_ungetc): always see Bignum. On 32bit valid value
-	  may be a Bignum. On 64bit for errors. [ruby-dev:42366]
-
-Tue Oct 12 18:25:04 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_concat): use unsigned int for GB18030.
-
-Tue Oct 12 17:53:49 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric (check_uint): the mask must refer to VALUE.
-
-Tue Oct 12 17:47:10 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric (check_uint): set MSB for negative value.
-
-	* numeric (rb_num2uint): return value's type of rb_num2ulong
-	  is VALUE.
-
-	* numeric (int_chr): variable i can't be negative.
-
-Tue Oct 12 16:04:37 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_strerror): get English message first, instead
-	  of system default. see [ruby-dev:42358].
-	  [experimental]
-
-Tue Oct 12 15:52:35 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_strerror): unmap some range of errno for
-	  workaround of VC10's strerror() and sys_nerr problem.
-	  based on a patch from Akio Tajima, [ruby-dev:42355].
-
-Tue Oct 12 15:36:09 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_ungetc): use unsigned int for GB18030.
-
-Tue Oct 12 15:14:21 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_putc): support multibyte characters.
-	  [ruby-core:30697]
-
-Tue Oct 12 15:10:31 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (rb_enc_uint_chr): split from int_chr.
-
-	* numeric.c (int_chr): use rb_enc_uint_chr.
-
-	* include/ruby/encoding.h (rb_enc_uint_chr): added.
-
-Tue Oct 12 14:04:41 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (int_chr): a codepoint of Ruby M17N must be 32bit
-	  unsigned int; GB18030 uses MSB. Also note that OnigCodePoint
-	  is defined as unsigned int.
-
-Tue Oct 12 12:20:54 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_dump.c (dump_thread): foolish mistake.
-
-Tue Oct 12 10:39:08 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_MINGW32): canonicalize only on mingw.
-
-Mon Oct 11 20:20:23 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb (HTTP.get): specify ASCII-8BIT as the result
-	  encoding of Zlib::GzipReader.
-	  http://hibari.2ch.net/test/read.cgi/tech/1281473294/271
-
-Mon Oct 11 17:42:54 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* error.c (syserr_initialize): use mesg's encoding when locale
-	  encoding is US-ASCII. If locale encoding is not US-ASCII,
-	  assume err has non ASCII characters. [ruby-dev:42358]
-
-Mon Oct 11 14:03:54 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* error.c (syserr_initialize): set the encoding of Errno::*#message
-	  as locale. [ruby-dev:42358]
-
-Mon Oct 11 06:38:27 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_set_encoding):
-	  StringIO#set_encoding can get 2nd argument and optional hash
-	  for API compatibility to IO. [ruby-dev:42356]
-
-Mon Oct 11 06:11:30 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_set_encoding): use rb_funcall2 when the io is not
-	  a T_FILE. [ruby-dev:42356]
-
-Sun Oct 10 18:42:23 2010  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/set.rb (Set#replace): Apply a bit of optimization.
-
-Sun Oct 10 10:20:07 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_MINGW32): canonicalize as like mswin version.
-
-Sun Oct 10 05:33:14 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_signal_buff_size, rb_signal_exec): moved
-	  declarations from thread.c.
-
-Sat Oct  9 16:54:28 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (RSHIFT): quote to get rid of argument expansion
-	  for autoconf 2.68.
-
-Sat Oct  9 11:00:06 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (thread_reset_event_flags, exec_event_hooks): ignore
-	  hooks marked as removed.
-
-	* thread.c (thread_exec_event_hooks): remove hooks to be removed.
-
-	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_remove_event_hook, rb_remove_event_hook):
-	  defer removing hooks if running the hooks.  [ruby-dev:42350]
-
-Sat Oct  9 10:51:00 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_exec_event_hooks): suppress each event
-	  hooks separately.
-
-	* thread.c (thread_suppress_tracing): split from
-	  ruby_suppress_tracing, accepting thread pointer and event mask.
-
-Sat Oct  9 08:16:01 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_remove_event_hook): fix typo.
-
-Fri Oct  8 10:52:25 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (RBCONFIG): depends on version.h due to
-	  RUBY_PATCHLEVEL.  [ruby-core:32709]
-
-Fri Oct  8 00:24:54 2010  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/csv.rb: Fixing documentation typos.  [ruby-core:32712]
-
-Thu Oct  7 09:14:28 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_exec.c (vm_exec_core):  Treat clang as non gcc on this
-	  context: It has __asm__ but doesn't works well.
-
-Wed Oct  6 12:28:22 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#hostname): new method.
-	  (URI::Generic#hostname=): ditto.
-
-	* lib/open-uri.rb: use URI#hostname
-
-	* lib/net/http.rb: ditto.
-
-	  reported by Adam Majer.  [ruby-core:32056]
-
-Wed Oct  6 11:52:12 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (fptr_finalize): write_mutex might have been destroyed
-	  already in finalization phase, as the order of finalizers is not
-	  guaranteed.  rb_mutex_t should be used in place of Mutex object
-	  in the future.
-
-Tue Oct  5 22:17:02 2010  wanabe  <s.wanabe@gmail.com>
-
-	* win32/mkexports.rb: revert r29320 and r29402.
-
-Mon Oct  4 12:43:47 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (regexp): dregexp has literal string only at the head
-	  and successors are array.  [ruby-core:32682]
-
-Mon Oct  4 10:22:21 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* random.c (rand_init): This checks the value is in 32bit or not,
-	  so use int32_t, not int.
-
-Mon Oct  4 09:47:39 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* random.c (rand_init): remove useless assignment.
-
-	* re.c (update_char_offset): remove unused variable.
-
-	* re.c (read_escaped_byte): ditto.
-
-Mon Oct  4 09:30:42 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/bn.rb (Integer#to_bn): OpenSSL::BN.new
-	  accepts only Strings, so call Integer#to_s(16).
-	  16 is for an optimization. [ruby-dev:42336]
-
-Mon Oct  4 07:57:51 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* cont.c (fiber_memsize): Return size.
-	  Before this change, fiber_memsize always returns 0.
-
-Mon Oct  4 07:16:55 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enc/unicode.c (onigenc_unicode_property_name_to_ctype):
-	  remove useless assignment.
-
-	* vm.c (vm_make_proc_from_block): ditto.
-
-	* variable.c (rb_ivar_count): ditto.
-
-Mon Oct  4 06:40:24 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* Makefile.in (clean-rdoc): Don't use \ in variable expansion.
-	  BSD make treats it as an escape character.
-
-Mon Oct  4 00:01:53 2010  wanabe  <s.wanabe@gmail.com>
-
-	* tool/config.sub: revert r29320, r29324, r29347, r29354, r29365
-	  to automake-1.11.1. [ruby-core:32634]
-
-	* win32/mkexports.rb: no longer use 'mingw64'. a patch from Luis Lavena
-	  at [ruby-core:32678].
-
-Sun Oct  3 20:36:37 2010  Akio Tajima (arton)  <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_folderitem2_invokeverb.rb: Change creating
-	  shortcut verb to 'Link' [Bug #3339]
-
-Sun Oct  3 19:44:23 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (Makefile): get rid of duplicated ruby target when
-	  already there it was.
-
-Sat Oct  2 22:59:32 2010  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
-
-	* test/win32ole/test_thread.rb: add for win32ole with Thread.
-
-Fri Oct  1 17:03:00 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/webrick/test_httpproxy.rb (TestWEBrickHTTPProxy::test_upstream_proxy):
-	  My machine fails this test at this line, saying 503 service unavailable.
-
-Thu Sep 30 16:11:08 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_getenv): should return NULL if specified name
-	  is empty. a patch from Heesob Park at [ruby-core:32650]
-
-Thu Sep 30 15:18:23 2010  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (command_asgn): allow command_call to be right hand side
-	  expression of chained assignment.  [ruby-dev:42313]
-
-Thu Sep 30 10:55:38 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (ruby_setenv): workaround for old Windows. a patch from
-	  Heesob Park. [ruby-core:32353]
-
-Thu Sep 30 09:29:06 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI.encode_www_form): change treatment of
-	  undefined value in given array as latest internet draft for
-	  application/www-form-urlencoded.
-	  http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-hoehrmann-urlencoded-01
-
-Thu Sep 30 09:34:03 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_dump.c (dump_thread): fixed wrong type of return value of
-	  SymGetModuleBase64(). [ruby-dev:42306]
-
-Wed Sep 29 21:04:05 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (TestRubyOptions::test_script_from_stdin):
-	  As usual, PTY is not always available.
-
-Wed Sep 29 18:38:14 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/config.sub (x64): regularize only for pc vendor, and strip
-	  useless 64 suffix.
-
-Wed Sep 29 17:53:02 2010  Kenta Murata <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BIGDECIMAL_ENABLE_VPRINT):
-	  VPrint is usually disabled.  It's only used in debugging.
-
-Wed Sep 29 17:41:34 2010  Kenta Murata <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_save_limit):
-	  return the result of a block.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_save_limit):
-	  add a test for the above change.
-
-Wed Sep 29 16:18:03 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_dump.c (dump_thread): remove unused optional arguments.
-
-Wed Sep 29 13:26:30 2010  Kenta Murata <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_save_rounding_mode):
-	  return the result of a block.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_save_rounding_mode):
-	  add a test for the above change.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_save_exception_mode):
-	  add a test for the return value of BigDecimal.save_exception_mode.
-
-Wed Sep 29 12:45:30 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_div2, BigDecimal_add2,
-	  BigDecimal_sub2, BigDecimal_mult2, VpLimitRound): remove meaningless
-	  casts to get rid of compiler warnings.
-
-Wed Sep 29 12:35:13 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (VPrint, VpToString): fix format.
-
-Wed Sep 29 12:31:12 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rdoc/known_classes.rb (RDoc::KNOWN_CLASSES): add Encoding.
-
-Tue Sep 28 20:50:23 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/config.sub (x64): regularize same as mswin.
-
-Tue Sep 28 20:06:14 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): add windows support.
-	  based on patches from Peter Weldon at [ruby-core:32551]
-
-Mon Sep 27 23:30:34 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* insns.def (opt_case_dispatch), vm_insnhelper.c:
-	  execute the procedures of "when" clauses by bytecode
-	  instead of st_foreach() when the object does not hit
-	  prepared hash.  [ruby-dev:42304]
-
-Mon Sep 27 15:54:03 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/net/http/test_https.rb: As always, localhost is not
-	  guaranteed to be resolved as 127.0.0.1.  But a SSL
-	  certificate needs a socket to listen on a specific address
-	  where a CN resolves to.  On situations where localhost is
-	  not 127.0.0.1, these tests are not possible.
-
-Mon Sep 27 15:25:05 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/net/imap/test_imap.rb: resurrection of r29259.
-	  this change depends on minitest 1.7.1.
-
-	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb: ditto.
-
-Sun Sep 26 22:59:45 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/config.sub (x86_64-pc-mingw64): regularize.
-
-Sun Sep 26 22:21:07 2010  wanabe  <s.wanabe@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_hmac.c (ossl_hmac_hexdigest, ossl_hmac_s_hexdigest),
-	  ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c (ossl_ec_group_set_seed),
-	  ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c (ossl_ssl_session_to_der),
-	  ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c (numberof): suppress warnings.
-	  [ruby-core:31932]
-
-Sun Sep 26 10:25:24 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/config.{guess,sub}: updated to automake-1.11.1.
-
-Sat Sep 25 22:48:30 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS): fix quoting.
-
-Sat Sep 25 10:30:37 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS): use -unexported_symbol only
-	  when available.  http://trac.macports.org/ticket/26341
-
-Sat Sep 25 10:05:49 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
-
-	* configure.in: Always add -mieee for Renesas SH4.
-	  Thanks, Nobuhiro Iwamatsu. [Feature #3874] [ruby-core:32548]
-
-Sat Sep 25 01:34:41 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* Makefile.in (install-cross): target to install cross-compiling
-	  stuff.
-
-Fri Sep 24 23:44:59 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (sym_call), vm.c (invoke_block_from_c),
-	  vm_insnhelper.c (vm_yield_with_cfunc): pass given block.
-	  [ruby-core:32075]
-
-	* vm_eval.c (rb_funcall_passing_block): new function to call
-	  method with passing given block.
-
-Fri Sep 24 15:50:43 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_to_i): fix rdoc: String#to_i raises an
-	  exception when base is invalid. [ruby-core:31685]
-
-Fri Sep 24 15:28:35 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_rindex): use rb_enc_prev_char instead of repeated
-	  str_nth.
-	  patched by Michael Selig [ruby-core:32498]
-
-Fri Sep 24 14:19:12 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/test_pty.rb: Same as 229281; existence of PTY class do not
-	  guarantee a successful pty operation.
-
-Fri Sep 24 06:25:55 2010  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
-
-	* lib/minitest/*.rb: Imported minitest 1.7.2 r5879.
-	* test/minitest/*.rb: ditto.
-
-Thu Sep 23 23:09:08 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_get_cref0): cref is stacked only in normal
-	  iseqs, so check if it is the case first.
-
-Thu Sep 23 23:08:41 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/config.sub: mingw64 should use x86_64.  [ruby-core:32514]
-
-Thu Sep 23 21:40:40 2010  wanabe  <s.wanabe@gmail.com>
-
-	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (init_addrinfo, inspect_sockaddr): suppress
-	  warnings.  see [ruby-core:31932].
-
-Thu Sep 23 19:27:57 2010  wanabe  <s.wanabe@gmail.com>
-
-	* thread_win32.c (w32_wait_events, w32_close_handle): suppress warnings.
-	  see [ruby-core:31932].
-
-Thu Sep 23 18:54:39 2010  wanabe  <s.wanabe@gmail.com>
-
-	* tool/config.sub: add mingw64.
-
-	* win32/mkexports.rb (Exports::Mingw64): added.
-
-	* win32/mkexports.rb (Exports::Mingw32): renamed from Exports::Mingw.
-
-Thu Sep 23 09:01:28 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_cref_push): no outer cref is needed for proc
-	  from method.  Bug #3786, Bug #3860, [ruby-core:32501]
-
-Wed Sep 22 17:12:01 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/utils.rb (OpenSSL#silent): always restore $VERBOSE.
-	  [ruby-dev:42285]
-
-Wed Sep 22 16:59:40 2010  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* test/test_prime.rb (TestPrime#test_new): the warning expected have
-	  not been displayed when $VERBOSE == nil. Patch by Shota Fukumori
-	  a.k.a. sora_h. [ruby-dev:42272]
-	  Recovers $stderr even if StringIO.new fails. Reported by unak.
-
-Wed Sep 22 01:55:48 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* bootstraptest/test_method.rb: fix last commit.
-
-Wed Sep 22 01:49:52 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
-
-	* bootstraptest/test_method.rb: add a test for [ruby-core:30534].
-
-Wed Sep 22 00:52:44 2010  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rdoc/ri/store.rb (save_cache): remove duplicate entries.
-
-Wed Sep 22 00:00:05 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_f_pathname): Pathname() translated
-	  from pathname.rb.
-
-Tue Sep 21 22:18:30 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/mkconfig.rb: fixed build problem on mswin64 introduced in r29278.
-
-Tue Sep 21 02:42:35 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* test/pathname/test_pathname.rb (TestPathname#test_mkdir): fix typo.
-
-Mon Sep 20 23:23:05 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (bracket): get rid of scanning at the end of the pattern
-	  string, not to raise an exception while globbing command line.
-	  [ruby-core:32478]
-
-Mon Sep 20 11:25:49 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (Init_pathname): Pathname#=~ undefinition
-	  translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Mon Sep 20 02:34:11 2010  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (check_rounding_mode, BigDecimal_mode):
-	  raise ArgumentError instead of TypeError passing invalid modes.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_mode, test_round):
-	  change against the above modifications.
-
-Sun Sep 19 22:08:39 2010  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (try_link): rdoc
-	  (try_compile): ditto
-	  (try_cpp): ditto
-	  (try_func): ditto
-	  (try_var): ditto
-	  (try_run): ditto
-	  (egrep_cpp): ditto
-
-Sun Sep 19 20:43:33 2010  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* configure.in (--disable-install-doc): disables capi too, in addition
-	  to rdoc.
-	  (--disable-install-rdoc): a new option for disabling only rdoc.
-	  (--disable-install-capi): a new option for disabling only capi.
-
-Sun Sep 19 20:37:45 2010  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* common.mk (clean): removes all documents on cleaning.o
-	  (CAPIOUT): new variable.
-	  (clean-capi, distclean-capi, realclean-capi): new targets
-
-	* Makefile.in (clean-capi, distclean-capi, realclean-capi): ditto.
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (clean-capi, distclean-capi, realclean-capi):
-	  ditto.
-
-Sun Sep 19 13:44:24 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (LIBRUBY_SO): fix an oversight of replace
-	  RUBY_INSTALL_NAME with RUBY_SO_NAME.  a patch from Jeremy Evans
-	  at [ruby-core:32474].
-
-Sun Sep 19 07:48:20 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_unlink): Pathname#unlink and
-	  Pathname#delete translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Sun Sep 19 06:06:07 2010  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (check_rounding_mode): added for
-	  converting symbol to rounding mode number.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_mode, BigDecimal_round):
-	  support to specify rounding mode by symbol.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_mode, test_round):
-	  add tests for above changes.
-
-Sun Sep 19 05:14:35 2010  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c: fix rounding algorithms for half-down
-	  and half-even.  This change is based on the patch created by Matthew
-	  Willson, the reporter of this bug.  [Bug #3803] [ruby-core:32136]
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb: add tests for above changes.
-
-Sat Sep 18 20:09:51 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_each_entry): Pathname#each_entry
-	  translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Fri Sep 17 23:44:07 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/xpath_parser.rb, test/rexml/test_xpath.rb:
-	  add missing method availability check. [ruby-core:32447]
-	  Reported by Wiebe Cazemier. Thanks!!!
-
-Fri Sep 17 23:23:26 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_sax.rb: don't use thread and sleep to avoid slow test.
-
-Fri Sep 17 23:10:44 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_core.rb: enable.
-
-Fri Sep 17 22:46:02 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/: untabify.
-
-Fri Sep 17 22:29:56 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/: fix fixture data path. All REXML tests are worked.
-
-Fri Sep 17 22:15:15 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/test_listener.rb: remove needless codes.
-
-Fri Sep 17 22:12:23 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rexml/: import REXML tests from
-	  http://www.germane-software.com/repos/rexml/trunk/test/.
-	  Many tests are failed temporary. I'll fix them quickly. Sorry.
-
-Fri Sep 17 16:48:49 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/io/console/test_io_console.rb (TestIO_Console::helper):
-	  PTY.open is not guaranteed to work.  On my machine opening a
-	  pty is prohibited via process control group.  On those cases
-	  exceptions shall occur, and that doesn't mean our fault.
-	  Skip those tests on such situations.
-
-Fri Sep 17 08:30:27 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/tracer.rb: count only non-internal libraries in stack trace,
-	  ignoring custom_require.  [ruby-core:31858]
-
-Fri Sep 17 02:18:41 2010  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* tool/mkconfig.rb: Fix build with m4 1.4.15 generating duplicate
-	  lines in config.status.  According to nobu, the mswin32 port may
-	  depend on the piece of code in question, so the behavior is left
-	  unchanged on mswin32.
-
-Thu Sep 16 23:47:59 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_opendir): Pathname#opendir translated
-	  from pathname.rb.
-
-Thu Sep 16 21:40:37 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::GlobOption): merged RejectOption.
-
-	* test/runner.rb: utilize GlobOption.
-
-Thu Sep 16 21:31:24 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rdoc/ri/driver.rb (RDoc::RI::Driver.setup_options)
-	  (RDoc::RI::Driver.fixup_options): split from process_args.
-	  libraries should not parse ARGV inside, since it's a task of
-	  applications, not libraries.
-
-Thu Sep 16 21:02:30 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rdoc/ri/paths.rb (RDoc::RI::Paths.each): HOMEDIR can be nil
-	  if $HOME is unset.
-
-Thu Sep 16 14:50:42 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb (TestFileExhaustive::test_expand_path):
-	  ENV["HOME"] might not be set.  On those cases without it an
-	  exception raises here, which effectively disables later
-	  tests on this method.
-
-Thu Sep 16 08:30:28 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* sprintf.c (rb_f_sprintf): fix rdoc.  pointed out by Tomoyuki
-	  Chikanaga at [ruby-core:32395], and a patch from Daniel
-	  Bovensiepen at [ruby-core:32403].
-
-Thu Sep 16 08:27:36 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/etc/extconf.rb: use expanded sysconfdir with empty DESTDIR.
-	  [ruby-core:32394]
-
-Thu Sep 16 06:07:24 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_rmdir): Pathname#rmdir translated
-	  from pathname.rb.
-
-Thu Sep 16 00:36:25 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/readline/extconf.rb: Remove Readline 6 check because
-	  Ruby's license is now GPLv3 compatible. [ruby-core:28736]
-
-Thu Sep 16 00:26:00 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* COPYING: change Ruby's License from a dual license with GPLv2
-	  to a dual license with 2-clause BSDL.
-	  [ruby-dev:42166] [ruby-core:31971]
-	  [ruby-dev:39167] [ruby-core:25272]
-
-	* COPYING.ja: ditto.
-
-	* BSDL: added. this is from The FreeBSD License.
-
-Wed Sep 15 21:07:06 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_mkdir): Pathname#mkdir translated
-	  from pathname.rb.
-
-Wed Sep 15 13:37:00 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/net/imap/test_imap.rb: "localhost" not guaranteed to
-	  resolve to "127.0.0.1".  On my machine it is "::1" instead.
-	  The problem is, you have to connect to the imaps server via
-	  the canonical name written in a server certificate, and that
-	  of the server.cert is "localhost".  So you have to listen to
-	  the address of what "localhost" resolves to.  I think this
-	  situation cannot be resolved in a handy manner because the
-	  test "test_imaps_post_connection_check" is actually
-	  expecting to connect to a server via an address other than
-	  the CN.  On my machine several assertions won't pass because
-	  the test cannot connect to the server.
-
-Wed Sep 15 09:12:03 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_puts): fix for wide char encoding strings.
-	  [ruby-dev:42212]
-
-Wed Sep 15 07:27:52 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_format_m): mentioned about Hash argument.  a patch
-	  from Daniel Bovensiepen at [ruby-core:32386].
-
-	* sprintf.c (get_hash): ditto, and fix typo.
-
-Wed Sep 15 07:22:20 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_entries): Pathname#entries translated
-	  from pathname.rb.
-
-Wed Sep 15 02:13:44 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
-
-	* ext/fiddle/closure.c : Don't use FFI closure alloc on OpenBSD.
-	  Thanks Jeremy Evans! [ruby-core:32384]
-
-Tue Sep 14 20:17:48 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_s_getwd): Pathname.getwd and
-	  Pathname.pwd translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Tue Sep 14 05:13:04 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_s_glob): Pathname.glob translated
-	  from pathname.rb.
-
-Tue Sep 14 01:24:51 2010  Yutaka Kanemoto  <kanemoto@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (ruby_getaddrinfo__aix): suppress a
-	  warning.
-
-Mon Sep 13 20:48:30 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_zero_p): Pathname#zero? translated
-	  from pathname.rb.
-
-Mon Sep 13 19:56:50 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/rubysocket.h (__DARWIN_ALIGNBYTES): workaround of a
-	  bug in system header of darwin 9.  [ruby-core:32341]
-
-Mon Sep 13 18:11:55 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (try_do): fix typo.  a patch from Peter Weldon
-	  at [ruby-core:32327].
-
-Mon Sep 13 10:12:09 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* util.c (ruby_strtod): reject Float('0x0.').
-	  [ruby-dev:42239] Bug #3820
-
-Mon Sep 13 09:23:58 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c (ossl_bn_is_prime): fix comparison
-	  with rb_scan_args. Before this fix, OpenSSL::BN#prime?
-	  is fully broken. [ruby-dev:42225]
-
-Mon Sep 13 06:45:24 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_writable_real_p):
-	  Pathname#writable_real? translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Sun Sep 12 21:21:50 2010  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date.rb: [ruby-core:32096]  Thanks Colin Bartlett.
-
-Sun Sep 12 19:30:27 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_world_writable_p):
-	  Pathname#world_writable? translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Sun Sep 12 09:16:06 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_writable_p): Pathname#writable?
-	  translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Sun Sep 12 08:36:15 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (rlimit_resource_name2int): support more limits:
-	  RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE, RLIMIT_NICE, RLIMIT_RTPRIO, RLIMIT_RTTIME and
-	  RLIMIT_SIGPENDING.
-	  (Init_process): ditto.
-	  patch by Run Paint Run Run.  [ruby-core:32262]
-
-Sun Sep 12 04:27:13 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (rlimit_resource_name2int): use STRCASECMP to avoid
-	  ALLOCA_N.
-
-Sat Sep 11 16:47:41 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (ruby_setenv): raise if putenv and SetEnvironmentVariable
-	  failed, because of the restriction of the size on Windows.
-	  based on a patch from Peter Weldon at [ruby-core:32304].  fix:
-	  Bug#3812, [ruby-core:32250]
-
-Sat Sep 11 15:19:57 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/webrick/httpauth/digestauth.rb (WEBrick::Config::DigestAuth):
-	  Add documentation
-
-	* lib/webrick/config.rb (WEBrick::Config::DigestAuth): Add
-	  documentation
-
-Sat Sep 11 12:32:05 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_set_kcode, rb_get_kcode): removed
-	  zombie prototype declarations.  a patch from Eric Hodel
-	  at [ruby-core:32305].
-
-Sat Sep 11 06:53:12 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_symlink_p): Pathname#symlink?
-	  translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Fri Sep 10 23:03:43 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_sticky_p): Pathname#sticky? translated
-	  from pathname.rb.
-
-Fri Sep 10 19:11:13 2010  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/httprequest.rb (WEBrick::HTTPRequest#continue): add
-	  method for generating HTTP/1.1 100 continue response if the client
-	  expects it, otherwise does nothing.  Patch by Brian Candler.
-	  ref #855.
-
-	* test/webrick/test_httprequest.rb: test added.
-
-Fri Sep 10 17:49:34 2010  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/x509-internal.rb: removed unused local
-	  variable.
-
-	* test/openssl/*: less warnings while test running with -w.
-
-Fri Sep 10 16:49:20 2010  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* class.c (rb_scan_args): Add support for optional keyword
-	  argument hash. [ruby-dev:42221] [ruby-dev:38048]
-
-	* README.EXT, README.EXT.ja: Update documentation accordingly.
-
-	* dir.c (dir_initialize): Make use of the new rb_scan_args()
-	  feature.
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_s_popen, rb_scan_open_args, rb_io_initialize)
-	  (rb_io_s_pipe, open_key_args, io_s_foreach, io_s_readlines)
-	  (rb_io_s_read, rb_io_set_encoding): Ditto.
-
-	* transcode.c (str_transcode, econv_args)
-	  (econv_primitive_convert): Ditto.
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (rb_gzreader_initialize): Ditto.
-
-Fri Sep 10 10:33:18 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* random.c (rb_genrand_ulong_limited): renamed from
-	  rb_rand_internal and now this is public API.
-
-	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_genrand_ulong_limited): added.
-
-	* bignum.c (big_sparse_p): use rb_genrand_ulong_limited.
-
-Fri Sep 10 13:07:22 2010  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/digest/lib/digest.rb: removed unused exception variable
-	  assignment to avoid a warning.
-
-Fri Sep 10 07:29:14 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_systmpdir): assume system default tmpdir
-	  safe.  [ruby-dev:42089]
-
-Fri Sep 10 07:03:23 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_size_p): Pathname#size? translated from
-	  pathname.rb.
-
-Fri Sep 10 02:15:29 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/option.c (inspect_peercred): support OpenBSD-current.
-	  patch by Jeremy Evans.  [ruby-core:32240]
-
-Thu Sep  9 23:25:53 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (vm_backtrace_each): skip allocator frames which have no
-	  name.  [ruby-core:32231]
-
-Thu Sep  9 22:39:08 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_size): Pathname#size translated from
-	  pathname.rb.
-
-Thu Sep  9 22:34:48 2010  wanabe  <s.wanabe@gmail.com>
-
-	* compile.c (case_when_optimizable_literal): When float value can be
-	  treated as integer, add to table hash of case that way.
-	  based on a patch from Ikuo KOBORI. [ruby-dev:42038]
-
-	* insns.def (opt_case_dispatch): ditto.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_case.rb: add tests.
-
-Thu Sep  9 17:15:15 2010  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/net/http/test_https.rb (test_identity_verify_failure): follows
-	  the SSL hostname check error message of openssl.
-
-Thu Sep  9 10:44:46 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_env.rb (test_aset): OpenBSD acts like NetBSD in
-	  that it ignores characters after = in ENV.
-	  patched by Jeremy Evans [ruby-core:32184]
-
-Thu Sep  9 09:02:01 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* tool/rbinstall.rb (install?): gemspec filename should include
-	  its version. patched by Luis Lavena [ruby-core:32165]
-
-Wed Sep  8 22:46:31 2010  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ssl_get_error): Thread context switch was
-	  blocked on Windows while blocking call for SSLSocket.  Need to
-	  convert errno for letting rb_io_wait_readable detect EWOULDBLOCK.
-	  Patch by arton. ref #3794.
-
-Wed Sep  8 20:56:57 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_setgid_p): Pathname#setgid? translated
-	  from pathname.rb.
-
-Wed Sep  8 06:25:41 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_setuid_p): Pathname#setuid? translated
-	  from pathname.rb.
-
-Tue Sep  7 21:03:35 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_readable_real_p):
-	  Pathname#readable_real?  translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Mon Sep  6 23:07:25 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_world_readable_p):
-	  Pathname#world_readable?  translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Mon Sep  6 11:03:13 2010  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* Fixed wrong check of missing functions. Patch by Adrian Quark.
-	  ref #3400
-	  The patch contains following comment:
-	    This patch should avoid unnecessary incompatibility with future
-	    versions of Openssl.  Changes suggested by bmaher_at_amazon.com.
-
-Mon Sep  6 10:46:55 2010  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* Fixed exception message for SSL post connection check failure. Patch
-	  by Paul Betteridge. ref [Bug #3704]
-
-Mon Sep  6 10:31:59 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_s_get_line_buffer):
-	  Readline.line_buffer should return locale string.
-	  [ruby-dev:42184] #3791
-
-Mon Sep  6 09:47:24 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* util.c (ruby_strtod): check there is at least 1 digit after
-	  "0x" before ".". [ruby-dev:42183] #3790
-
-Mon Sep  6 09:44:50 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* util.c (ruby_strtod): check integer overflow.
-	  [ruby-dev:42180] #3789
-
-Mon Sep  6 06:17:21 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_readable_p): Pathname#readable?
-	  translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Sun Sep  5 23:02:34 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_owned_p): Pathname#owned?
-	  translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Sat Sep  4 23:48:47 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_s_readlink): symlink target should be in
-	  filesystem encoding.
-
-Sat Sep  4 10:40:50 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* load.c (ruby_init_ext): export for golfers.
-
-	* vm_core.h (rb_iseq_eval, rb_iseq_compile_with_option): ditto.
-
-Sun May 23 17:29:41 2010  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* common.mk (capi): uses a timestamp file to get rid of
-	  generating twice.
-
-Fri Jun 18 01:33:21 2010  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* enc/Makefile.in (realclean): has been missing. necessary
-	  for make realclean-enc.
-
-Fri Sep  3 23:51:26 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_socket_p): Pathname#socket?
-	  translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Fri Sep  3 06:40:44 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/pty/pty.c (chfunc): pass through exceptions.
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_bufwrite, rb_io_bufread): added.
-
-	* process.c (rb_fork_err): protect from exceptions.
-
-Fri Sep  3 06:16:07 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_pipe_p): Pathname#pipe?
-	  translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Fri Sep  3 06:14:40 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/pty/pty.c (chfunc): restore errno from SystemCallError and
-	  propagate proper exception to the parent.  [ruby-dev:41965]
-
-Thu Sep  2 22:10:38 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_file_p): Pathname#file?
-	  translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Thu Sep  2 09:12:02 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_spawn, rb_w32_aspawn): don't forget to free
-	  memory.
-
-Thu Sep  2 09:01:13 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (CreateChild): unicodize.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_spawn, rb_w32_aspawn): convert arguments of
-	  CreateChild() from ACP to WideChar.
-
-Thu Sep  2 06:53:43 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_directory_p): Pathname#directory?
-	  translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Wed Sep  1 22:03:41 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_grpowned_p): Pathname#grpowned?
-	  translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Wed Sep  1 17:39:02 2010  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
-
-	* lib/minitest/*.rb: Imported minitest 1.7.1 r5835.
-	* test/minitest/*.rb: ditto.
-
-Wed Sep  1 16:50:42 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (tr_setup_table): optimized. don't create hash objects
-	  when given pattern is ASCII only.
-
-	* string.c (tr_find): ditto.
-
-Wed Sep  1 14:35:29 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_rotate_m): fix typo of rdoc.
-	  patched by Andrei Kulakov [ruby-core:31975]
-
-Wed Sep  1 14:33:36 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enum.c (enum_zip): fix typo of rdoc.
-	  patched by Andrei Kulakov [ruby-core:31974]
-
-Wed Sep  1 12:56:36 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* thread.c (ruby_suppress_tracing): restore the state and invoke
-	  the func with normal state.  a patch from Satoshi Shiba <shiba
-	  AT rvm.jp> at [ruby-dev:42162].  [ruby-core:31783]
-
-Tue Aug 31 21:10:23 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_exist_p): Pathname#exist? translated
-	  from pathname.rb.
-
-Tue Aug 31 17:32:34 2010  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/stubs.c: fix [Bug #3771] "VC++ can't make ext/tk with enabling
-	  stubs". Thanks, Akio Tajima [ruby-dev:42159].
-
-Tue Aug 31 03:42:14 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (tr_setup_table): fix bug in r29146.
-	  Initialize table even if cflag is 0; tr_find see whether
-	  del is empty or not.
-
-	* string.c (tr_find): nodel can't be NULL; if NULL, it means
-	  it is not specified.
-
-Mon Aug 30 21:29:21 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_executable_real_p):
-	  Pathname#executable_real? translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Mon Aug 30 15:00:13 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (tr_setup_table): initialize negating table when
-	  negating string is given. [ruby-core:31851]
-
-	* string.c (tr_find): add a sentence for the time when
-	  target characters include negating one.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_count): move definition.
-
-Mon Aug 30 07:32:41 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_executable_p): Pathname#executable?
-	  translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Sun Aug 29 23:54:10 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rdoc/parser/ruby.rb (RDoc#parse_call_parameters): don't
-	  include assignment.  [Bug #3759], [ruby-dev:42154]
-
-	* lib/rdoc/parser/ruby.rb (RDoc#parse_class): ignore non-constant
-	  name singleton class.  [Bug #3759], [ruby-dev:42154]
-
-Sun Aug 29 23:25:18 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_get_path_check): clarify error message for
-	  ASCII-incompatible path name.
-
-Sun Aug 29 16:02:54 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (node_name.inc): remove command option -n and give
-	  file as stdin, because IronRuby 1.1 still doesn't support it.
-	  So now we can use ir.exe as BASERUBY.
-
-	* tool/node_name.rb: read stdin with while gets.
-
-Sun Aug 29 13:22:43 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* vm.c (rb_thread_method_id_and_class): curried proc has no
-	  method.  [ruby-core:31871]
-
-Sun Aug 29 12:51:33 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* load.c (rb_provide_feature): clarify error message for frozen
-	  $LOADED_FEATURES.  based on a patch from Run Paint Run Run at
-	  [ruby-core:31913].
-
-Sun Aug 29 12:19:58 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* load.c (load_failed): should honor encoding.  [ruby-core:31915]
-
-Sun Aug 29 09:35:10 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (clean): exclude *.inc. [ruby-dev:41931]
-
-	* common.mk (distclean): include *.inc.
-
-	* common.mk (help): change description about clean and distclean.
-
-Sat Aug 29 06:34:52 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_chardev_p): Pathname#chardev?
-	  translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Sat Aug 28 17:39:33 2010  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_save_exception_mode,
-	  BigDecimal_save_rounding_mode, BigDecimal_save_limit): added.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb: added tests for the above
-	  features.
-
-Sat Aug 28 08:11:05 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_blockdev_p): Pathname#blockdev?
-	  translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Fri Aug 27 16:20:01 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_prepend): new method by Shota Fukumori (sora_h)
-	  [Feature #3765]
-
-Fri Aug 27 15:24:20 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* math.c (math_atan2): you should know that M_PI is not the feature
-	  of C90.
-	  fixed build failure caused by r29115.
-
-Fri Aug 27 15:26:33 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (null_device): move from io.c.
-
-Fri Aug 27 12:47:44 2010  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* math.c (math_atan2): change the behavior when x and y are zero.
-	  [ruby-dev:42090] [Bug #3736] [ruby-dev:42116]
-
-	* test/ruby/test_math.rb (test_atan2): add tests for the above
-	  changes.
-
-Fri Aug 27 12:26:23 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* object.c (rb_obj_class): remove mention of obsolete method.
-	  a patch from Run Paint Run Run at [ruby-core:31842].
-
-Fri Aug 27 12:25:03 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (null_device): the name of null device.  [ruby-dev:41791]
-
-Fri Aug 27 07:57:34 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_shuffle_bang): bail out from modification during
-	  shuffle.
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_sample): ditto.
-
-Fri Aug 27 05:11:51 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_sysopen): Pathname#sysopen translated
-	  from pathname.rb.
-
-Thu Aug 26 22:53:56 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_shuffle): rdoc fix.  argument name was missing.
-	  a patch from Run Paint Run Run at [ruby-core:31848].
-
-Thu Aug 26 21:49:46 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_readlines): Pathname#readlines
-	  translated from pathname.rb.
-
-Thu Aug 26 10:37:00 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* regint.h (OnigStackIndex): the type should be intptr_t.
-	  Original Oniguruma assumes the size of long and that of void *
-	  are equal, but it's not true on LLP64 platform: mswin64.
-	  originally patched by shintaro kuwamoto [ruby-dev:42133]
-
-Thu Aug 26 10:38:11 2010  Yutaka Kanemoto  <kanemoto@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/dl/test_base.rb: AIX does not have dynamically loadable lib[cm].
-
-	* test/fiddle/helper.rb: AIX does not have dynamically loadable lib[cm].
-
-Thu Aug 26 09:49:50 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_shuffle_bang): check number of argument.
-
-Tue Aug 26 09:11:40 2010  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (Init_bigdecimal,
-	  rmpd_set_thread_local_exception_mode, VpGetException,
-	  VpSetException): thread-local exception mode.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (Init_bigdecimal,
-	  rmpd_set_thread_local_precision_limit, VpGetPrecLimit,
-	  VpSetPrecLimit): thread-local precision limit.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (Init_bigdecimal,
-	  rmpd_set_thread_local_rounding_mode, VpGetRoundMode,
-	  VpSetRoundMode, VpException, VpInternalRound):
-	  thread-local rounding mode.
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_mode, BigDecimal_round,
-	  VpIsRoundMode, VpGetRoundMode, VpSetRoundMode, VpActiveRound,
-	  VpMidRound, VpLeftRound), ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.h:
-	  use unsigned short for rounding mode.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_mode): add test for
-	  setting rounding mode.
-
-	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_thread_local_mode):
-	  add test for setting mode thread-locally.
-
-Thu Aug 26 07:29:54 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_{shuffle_bang,sample}): use Random class object.
-
-	* random.c (try_get_rnd): use default_rand for Random as same as
-	  singleton methods.
-
-	* random.c (rb_random_real): check the range of result.
-
-Wed Aug 25 22:11:11 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_binread): Pathname#binread translated
-	  from pathname.rb.
-
-Wed Aug 25 03:42:43 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/dl/cfunc.c (rb_dlcfunc_call): workaround for VC9 for x64.
-	  reported by kuwamoto shintaro in [ruby-dev:42125].
-
-Tue Aug 24 23:28:50 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* .gitignore: updated.
-
-Tue Aug 24 22:07:28 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_read): Pathname#read translated from
-	  pathname.rb.
-
-Tue Aug 24 10:11:04 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: read API version from include/ruby/version.h.
-
-	* {bcc,win}32/setup.mak (-version-): ditto.
-
-	* version.h (RUBY_LIB_VERSION): use API version numbers.
-
-Tue Aug 24 07:07:28 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_shuffle_bang, rb_ary_sample): add optional
-	  argument random.  [ruby-dev:41923] [EXPERIMENTAL]
-
-	* random.c (rb_random_{int32,real,bytes}): fallback to normal
-	  method invocation.
-
-Tue Aug 24 06:08:10 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* include/ruby/version.h (RUBY_API_VERSION_*): renamed and moved
-	  from version.h.  [ruby-dev:42103]
-
-Tue Aug 24 05:58:18 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ChangeLog: flushed.  [ruby-dev:42050]
-
-For the changes before 1.9.3, see doc/ChangeLog-1.9.3
-For the changes before 1.8.0, see doc/ChangeLog-1.8.0
-
-Local variables:
-coding: us-ascii
-add-log-time-format: (lambda ()
-  (let* ((time (current-time))
-	 (system-time-locale "C")
-	 (diff (+ (cadr time) 32400))
-	 (lo (% diff 65536))
-	 (hi (+ (car time) (/ diff 65536))))
-  (format-time-string "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y" (list hi lo) t)))
-indent-tabs-mode: t
-tab-width: 8
-change-log-indent-text: 2
-end:
-vim: tabstop=8 shiftwidth=2
diff --git a/GPL b/GPL
index 5b6e7c66c2..d159169d10 100644
--- a/GPL
+++ b/GPL
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
-		       Version 2, June 1991
+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 2, June 1991
 
- Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-                       59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
  Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
  of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
 
-			    Preamble
+                            Preamble
 
   The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
 freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
 using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
-the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
+the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
 your programs, too.
 
   When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
 
   The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
 modification follow.
-
-		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+
+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
    TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
 
   0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
     License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
     does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
     the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
-
+
 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
-
+
   4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
 except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ impose that choice.
 
 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
-
+
   8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
 
-			    NO WARRANTY
+                            NO WARRANTY
 
   11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
@@ -277,9 +277,9 @@ YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
 
-		     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
-
-	    How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
 
   If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
@@ -303,10 +303,9 @@ the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
     GNU General Public License for more details.
 
-    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
-
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 
 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
 
@@ -336,5 +335,5 @@ necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
 proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
-library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
+library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
 Public License instead of this License.
diff --git a/KNOWNBUGS.rb b/KNOWNBUGS.rb
index b97a08d928..35a8e75876 100644
--- a/KNOWNBUGS.rb
+++ b/KNOWNBUGS.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #
-# This test file concludes tests which point out known bugs.
+# IMPORTANT: Always keep the first 7 lines (comments),
+# even if this file is otherwise empty.
+#
+# This test file includes tests which point out known bugs.
 # So all tests will cause failure.
 #
-
diff --git a/LEGAL b/LEGAL
index 65706459cd..2a7964e771 100644
--- a/LEGAL
+++ b/LEGAL
@@ -1,85 +1,342 @@
-LEGAL NOTICE INFORMATION
-------------------------
+# -*- rdoc -*-
+
+= LEGAL NOTICE INFORMATION
+--------------------------
 
 All the files in this distribution are covered under either the Ruby's
 license (see the file COPYING) or public-domain except some files
 mentioned below.
 
-include/ruby/oniguruma.h:
-regcomp.c:
-regenc.[ch]:
-regerror.c:
-regexec.c:
-regint.h:
-regparse.[ch]:
-enc/ascii.c
-enc/big5.c
-enc/cp949.c
-enc/emacs_mule.c
-enc/encdb.c
-enc/euc_jp.c
-enc/euc_kr.c
-enc/euc_tw.c
-enc/gb18030.c
-enc/gb2312.c
-enc/gbk.c
-enc/iso_8859_1.c
-enc/iso_8859_10.c
-enc/iso_8859_11.c
-enc/iso_8859_13.c
-enc/iso_8859_14.c
-enc/iso_8859_15.c
-enc/iso_8859_16.c
-enc/iso_8859_2.c
-enc/iso_8859_3.c
-enc/iso_8859_4.c
-enc/iso_8859_5.c
-enc/iso_8859_6.c
-enc/iso_8859_7.c
-enc/iso_8859_8.c
-enc/iso_8859_9.c
-enc/koi8_r.c
-enc/koi8_u.c
-enc/shift_jis.c
-enc/unicode.c
-enc/us_ascii.c
-enc/utf_16be.c
-enc/utf_16le.c
-enc/utf_32be.c
-enc/utf_32le.c
-enc/utf_8.c
-enc/windows_1251.c
-
-Oniguruma  ----   (C) K.Kosako <sndgk393 AT ybb DOT ne DOT jp>
-
-http://www.geocities.jp/kosako3/oniguruma/
-http://www.ruby-lang.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/oniguruma/
-http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/ports/devel/oniguruma/
-
-   When this software is partly used or it is distributed with Ruby, 
-   this of Ruby follows the license of Ruby.
-
-configure:
+[addr2line.c]
+
+  A part of this file is from FreeBSD.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 1986, 1988, 1991, 1993::
+    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+
+    (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
+
+    All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
+    to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
+    Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
+    the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+    are met:
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+       may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+       without specific prior written permission.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+    ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+    SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+	@(#)subr_prf.c	8.3 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
+
+
+[ccan/build_assert/build_assert.h]
+[ccan/check_type/check_type.h]
+[ccan/container_of/container_of.h]
+[ccan/str/str.h]
+
+  These files are licensed under the {CC0}[https://creativecommons.org/choose/zero/].
+
+[ccan/list/list.h]
+
+  This file is licensed under the {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License].
+
+[coroutine]
+
+  Unless otherwise specified, these files are licensed under the
+  {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License].
+
+[include/ruby/onigmo.h]
+[include/ruby/oniguruma.h]
+[regcomp.c]
+[regenc.c]
+[regenc.h]
+[regerror.c]
+[regexec.c]
+[regint.h]
+[regparse.c]
+[regparse.h]
+[enc/ascii.c]
+[enc/big5.c]
+[enc/cp949.c]
+[enc/emacs_mule.c]
+[enc/encdb.c]
+[enc/euc_jp.c]
+[enc/euc_kr.c]
+[enc/euc_tw.c]
+[enc/gb18030.c]
+[enc/gb2312.c]
+[enc/gbk.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_1.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_10.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_11.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_13.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_14.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_15.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_16.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_2.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_3.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_4.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_5.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_6.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_7.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_8.c]
+[enc/iso_8859_9.c]
+[enc/koi8_r.c]
+[enc/koi8_u.c]
+[enc/shift_jis.c]
+[enc/unicode.c]
+[enc/us_ascii.c]
+[enc/utf_16be.c]
+[enc/utf_16le.c]
+[enc/utf_32be.c]
+[enc/utf_32le.c]
+[enc/utf_8.c]
+[enc/windows_1251.c]
+[enc/windows_31j.c]
+
+  Onigmo (Oniguruma-mod) LICENSE
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2002-2009::  K.Kosako  <sndgk393 AT ybb DOT ne DOT jp>
+    Copyright (c) 2011-2014::  K.Takata  <kentkt AT csc DOT jp>
+    All rights reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+    are met:
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+    ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+    SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+  Oniguruma LICENSE
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2002-2009::  K.Kosako  <sndgk393 AT ybb DOT ne DOT jp>
+    All rights reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+    are met:
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+    ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+    SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+  * https://github.com/k-takata/Onigmo/
+  * https://github.com/kkos/oniguruma
+  * https://svnweb.freebsd.org/ports/head/devel/oniguruma/
+
+    When this software is partly used or it is distributed with Ruby,
+    this of Ruby follows the license of Ruby.
+
+[enc/windows_1250.c]
+[enc/windows_1252.c]
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2006-2007::  Byte      <byte AT mail DOT kna DOT ru>
+                               K.Kosako  <sndgk393 AT ybb DOT ne DOT jp>
+    All rights reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+    are met:
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+    ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+    SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+[enc/cesu_8.c]
+[enc/windows_1253.c]
+[enc/windows_1254.c]
+[enc/windows_1257.c]
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2002-2007::  K.Kosako  <sndgk393 AT ybb DOT ne DOT jp>
+    All rights reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+    are met:
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+    ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+    SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+[enc/trans/GB/GB12345%UCS.src]
+[enc/trans/GB/UCS%GB12345.src]
+[enc/trans/GB/GB2312%UCS.src]
+[enc/trans/GB/UCS%GB2312.src]
+
+  These files have this explanatory texts.
+
+  >>>
+    This mapping data was created from files provided by Unicode, Inc.
+    (The Unicode Consortium). The files were used to create a product supporting
+    Unicode, as explicitly permitted in the files' copyright notices.
+    Please note that Unicode, Inc. never made any claims as to fitness of these
+    files for any particular purpose, and has ceased to publish the files many
+    years ago.
+
+[enc/trans/JIS/JISX0201-KANA%UCS.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/JISX0208\@1990%UCS.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/JISX0212%UCS.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/UCS%JISX0201-KANA.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/UCS%JISX0208@1990.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/UCS%JISX0212.src]
+
+  These files are copyrighted as the following.
+
+  >>>
+    © 2015 Unicode®, Inc.
+
+    For terms of use, see http://www.unicode.org/terms_of_use.html
+
+[enc/trans/JIS/JISX0213-1%UCS@BMP.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/JISX0213-1%UCS@SIP.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/JISX0213-2%UCS@BMP.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/JISX0213-2%UCS@SIP.src]
+
+  These files are copyrighted as the following.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 2001:: earthian@tama.or.jp, All Rights Reserved.
+    Copyright (C) 2001:: I'O, All Rights Reserved.
+    Copyright (C) 2006:: Project X0213, All Rights Reserved.
+    You can use, modify, distribute this table freely.
+
+[enc/trans/JIS/UCS@BMP%JISX0213-1.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/UCS@BMP%JISX0213-2.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/UCS@SIP%JISX0213-1.src]
+[enc/trans/JIS/UCS@SIP%JISX0213-2.src]
+
+  These files are copyrighted as the following.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 2001:: earthian@tama.or.jp, All Rights Reserved.
+    Copyright (C) 2001:: I'O, All Rights Reserved.
+    You can use, modify, distribute this table freely.
+
+[enc/trans/ucm/glibc-BIG5-2.3.3.ucm]
+[enc/trans/ucm/glibc-BIG5HKSCS-2.3.3.ucm]
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 2001-2005:: International Business Machines
+                              Corporation and others.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+[enc/trans/ucm/windows-950-2000.ucm]
+[enc/trans/ucm/windows-950_hkscs-2001.ucm]
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 2001-2002:: International Business Machines
+                              Corporation and others.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+
+[configure]
 
   This file is free software.
 
-    Copyright (C) 1992, 93, 94, 95, 96 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 1992-1996, 1998-2012:: Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
     This configure script is free software; the Free Software Foundation
     gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it.
 
-tool/config.guess:
-tool/config.sub:
+[aclocal.m4]
+
+  This file is free software.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 1996-2020:: Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+    This file is free software; the Free Software Foundation
+    gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
+    with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
+
+[tool/config.guess]
+[tool/config.sub]
 
   As long as you distribute these files with the file configure, they
   are covered under the Ruby's license.
 
-      Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999
-      Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+  >>>
+    Copyright 1992-2018:: Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
     This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
     under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
     (at your option) any later version.
 
     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
@@ -88,54 +345,57 @@ tool/config.sub:
     General Public License for more details.
 
     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+    along with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
     As a special exception to the GNU General Public License, if you
     distribute this file as part of a program that contains a
     configuration script generated by Autoconf, you may include it under
-    the same distribution terms that you use for the rest of that program.
+    the same distribution terms that you use for the rest of that
+    program.  This Exception is an additional permission under section 7
+    of the GNU General Public License, version 3 ("GPLv3").
 
-parse.c:
+[parse.c]
+[parse.h]
 
-  This file is licensed under the GPL, but is incorporated into Ruby and 
+  These files are licensed under the GPL, but are incorporated into Ruby and
   redistributed under the terms of the Ruby license, as permitted by the
   exception to the GPL below.
 
-     Copyright (C) 1984, 1989, 1990, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006
-     Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 1984, 1989-1990, 2000-2015, 2018:: Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
 
-     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-     the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
-     any later version.
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
 
-     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-     GNU General Public License for more details.
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-     along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-     Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
-     Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  */
+    As a special exception, you may create a larger work that contains
+    part or all of the Bison parser skeleton and distribute that work
+    under terms of your choice, so long as that work isn't itself a
+    parser generator using the skeleton or a modified version thereof
+    as a parser skeleton.  Alternatively, if you modify or redistribute
+    the parser skeleton itself, you may (at your option) remove this
+    special exception, which will cause the skeleton and the resulting
+    Bison output files to be licensed under the GNU General Public
+    License without this special exception.
 
-  /* As a special exception, you may create a larger work that contains
-     part or all of the Bison parser skeleton and distribute that work
-     under terms of your choice, so long as that work isn't itself a
-     parser generator using the skeleton or a modified version thereof
-     as a parser skeleton.  Alternatively, if you modify or redistribute
-     the parser skeleton itself, you may (at your option) remove this
-     special exception, which will cause the skeleton and the resulting
-     Bison output files to be licensed under the GNU General Public
-     License without this special exception.
+    This special exception was added by the Free Software Foundation in
+    version 2.2 of Bison.
 
-     This special exception was added by the Free Software Foundation in
-     version 2.2 of Bison.  */
+[missing/dtoa.c]
 
-util.c (partly):
+  This file is under these licenses.
 
-    Copyright (c) 1991, 2000, 2001 by Lucent Technologies.
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 1991, 2000, 2001:: by Lucent Technologies.
 
     Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
     purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
@@ -148,71 +408,73 @@ util.c (partly):
     REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
     OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
-win32/win32.[ch]:
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2004-2008:: David Schultz <das@FreeBSD.ORG>
+                              All rights reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+    are met:
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+    ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+    SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+[win32/win32.c]
+[include/ruby/win32.h]
 
   You can apply the Artistic License to these files. (or GPL,
   alternatively)
 
-    Copyright (c) 1993, Intergraph Corporation
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 1993:: Intergraph Corporation
 
     You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
     License or the Artistic License, as specified in the perl README file.
 
-util.c (partly):
-
-   Copyright (c) 2004-2008 David Schultz <das@FreeBSD.ORG>
-   All rights reserved.
-
-   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-   are met:
-   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-
-   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-   ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-   IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-   ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-   FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-   DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-   OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-   HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-   LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-   OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-   SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-random.c
+[missing/mt19937.c]
 
   This file is under the new-style BSD license.
 
-    A C-program for MT19937, with initialization improved 2002/2/10.
-    Coded by Takuji Nishimura and Makoto Matsumoto.
+  >>>
+    A C-program for MT19937, with initialization improved 2002/2/10.::
+    Coded by Takuji Nishimura and Makoto Matsumoto.  
     This is a faster version by taking Shawn Cokus's optimization,
     Matthe Bellew's simplification, Isaku Wada's real version.
 
-    Before using, initialize the state by using init_genrand(seed) 
+    Before using, initialize the state by using init_genrand(seed)
     or init_by_array(init_key, key_length).
 
-    Copyright (C) 1997 - 2002, Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura,
-    All rights reserved.                          
+    Copyright (C) 1997 - 2002:: Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura,
+                                All rights reserved.
 
     Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
     are met:
 
-      1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-	 notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 
-      2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-	 notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-	 documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 
-      3. The names of its contributors may not be used to endorse or promote 
-	 products derived from this software without specific prior written 
-	 permission.
+    3. The names of its contributors may not be used to endorse or promote
+       products derived from this software without specific prior written
+       permission.
 
     THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
     "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
@@ -231,16 +493,15 @@ random.c
     http://www.math.keio.ac.jp/matumoto/emt.html
     email: matumoto@math.keio.ac.jp
 
-vsnprintf.c:
+  The Wayback Machine url: http://web.archive.org/web/19990429082237/http://www.math.keio.ac.jp/matumoto/emt.html
 
-  This file is under the old-style BSD license.  Note that the
-  paragraph 3 below is now null and void.
+[missing/procstat_vm.c]
 
-    Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
-         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+  This file is under the new-style BSD license.
 
-    This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
-    Chris Torek.
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2007:: Robert N. M. Watson
+                         All rights reserved.
 
     Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
@@ -250,14 +511,11 @@ vsnprintf.c:
     2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
        notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
        documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-    3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-       may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-       without specific prior written permission.
 
-    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
     ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
     IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
     FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
     DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
     OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
@@ -266,146 +524,104 @@ vsnprintf.c:
     OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-    IMPORTANT NOTE:
-    --------------
-    From ftp://ftp.cs.berkeley.edu/pub/4bsd/README.Impt.License.Change
-    paragraph 3 above is now null and void.
-
-st.[ch]:
-missing/alloca.c:
-missing/dup2.c:
-missing/erf.c:
-missing/finite.c:
-missing/hypot.c:
-missing/isinf.c:
-missing/isnan.c:
-missing/lgamma_r.c:
-missing/memcmp.c:
-missing/memmove.c:
-missing/strchr.c:
-missing/strstr.c:
-missing/strtol.c:
-missing/tgamma.c:
-ext/digest/sha1/sha1.[ch]:
+    $FreeBSD: head/usr.bin/procstat/procstat_vm.c 261780 2014-02-11 21:57:37Z jhb $
+
+[vsnprintf.c]
+
+  This file is under the {old-style BSD license}[rdoc-label:label-Old-style+BSD+license].
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 1990, 1993::
+    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+
+    This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+    Chris Torek.
+
+[st.c]
+[strftime.c]
+[include/ruby/st.h]
+[missing/acosh.c]
+[missing/alloca.c]
+[missing/dup2.c]
+[missing/erf.c]
+[missing/finite.c]
+[missing/hypot.c]
+[missing/isinf.c]
+[missing/isnan.c]
+[missing/lgamma_r.c]
+[missing/memcmp.c]
+[missing/memmove.c]
+[missing/strchr.c]
+[missing/strerror.c]
+[missing/strstr.c]
+[missing/tgamma.c]
+[ext/date/date_strftime.c]
+[ext/digest/sha1/sha1.c]
+[ext/digest/sha1/sha1.h]
 
   These files are all under public domain.
 
-missing/crypt.c:
+[missing/crypt.c]
 
-  This file is under the old-style BSD license.  Note that the
-  paragraph 3 below is now null and void.
+  This file is under the {old-style BSD license}[rdoc-label:label-Old-style+BSD+license].
 
-    Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
-    	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 1989, 1993::
+    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 
     This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
     Tom Truscott.
 
-    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-    are met:
-    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-    3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-       may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-       without specific prior written permission.
-
-    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-    ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-    SUCH DAMAGE.
+[missing/setproctitle.c]
 
-missing/setproctitle.c
+  This file is under the {old-style BSD license}[rdoc-label:label-Old-style+BSD+license].
 
-  This file is under the old-style BSD license.  Note that the
-  paragraph 3 below is now null and void.
+  >>>
+    Copyright 2003:: Damien Miller
+    Copyright (c) 1983, 1995-1997:: Eric P. Allman
+    Copyright (c) 1988, 1993::
+    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 
-    Copyright 2003 Damien Miller
-    Copyright (c) 1983, 1995-1997 Eric P. Allman
-    Copyright (c) 1988, 1993
-    	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+[missing/strlcat.c]
+[missing/strlcpy.c]
 
-    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-    are met:
-    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-    3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-       may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-       without specific prior written permission.
+  These files are under an ISC-style license.
 
-    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-    ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-    SUCH DAMAGE.
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 1998, 2015:: Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
 
-missing/strlcat.c
-missing/strlcpy.c
+    Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+    purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+    copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 
-  These files are under the new-style BSD license.
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+    WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+    MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+    ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+    WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+    ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+    OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 
-   Copyright (c) 1998 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
-   All rights reserved.
-
-   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-   are met:
-   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-   3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
-      derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
-
-   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
-   INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
-   AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
-   THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
-   EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
-   PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
-   OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
-   WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
-   OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
-   ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-missing/langinfo.c
+[missing/langinfo.c]
 
   This file is from http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/langinfo.c.
   Ruby uses a modified version. The file contains the following
   author/copyright notice:
 
-  Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk -- 2002-03-11
-  Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software
-  for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted. The author
-  disclaims all warranties with regard to this software.
+  >>>
+    Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk -- 2002-03-11::
+    Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software
+    for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted. The author
+    disclaims all warranties with regard to this software.
 
-ext/digest/md5/md5.[ch]:
+[ext/digest/md5/md5.c]
+[ext/digest/md5/md5.h]
 
   These files are under the following license.  Ruby uses modified
   versions of them.
 
-    Copyright (C) 1999, 2000 Aladdin Enterprises.  All rights reserved.
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 1999, 2000:: Aladdin Enterprises.  All rights reserved.
 
     This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
     warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
@@ -426,23 +642,27 @@ ext/digest/md5/md5.[ch]:
     L. Peter Deutsch
     ghost@aladdin.com
 
-ext/digest/rmd160/rmd160.[ch]:
+[ext/digest/rmd160/rmd160.c]
+[ext/digest/rmd160/rmd160.h]
 
   These files have the following copyright information, and by the
   author we are allowed to use it under the new-style BSD license.
 
-    AUTHOR:   Antoon Bosselaers, ESAT-COSIC
+  >>>
+    AUTHOR::  Antoon Bosselaers, ESAT-COSIC
               (Arranged for libc by Todd C. Miller)
-    DATE:     1 March 1996
+    DATE::    1 March 1996
 
-    Copyright (c) Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
+    Copyright (c):: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
     1996, All Rights Reserved
 
-ext/digest/sha2/sha2.[ch]:
+[ext/digest/sha2/sha2.c]
+[ext/digest/sha2/sha2.h]
 
   These files are under the new-style BSD license.
 
-    Copyright 2000 Aaron D. Gifford.  All rights reserved.
+  >>>
+    Copyright 2000:: Aaron D. Gifford.  All rights reserved.
 
     Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
@@ -468,29 +688,123 @@ ext/digest/sha2/sha2.[ch]:
     OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/config.h:
-ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c:
-ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/utf8tbl.c:
+[ext/json/generator/generator.c]
+
+  The file contains the following copyright notice.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright 2001-2004:: Unicode, Inc.
+
+    Disclaimer::
+
+      This source code is provided as is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are
+      made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any
+      kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine
+      applicability of information provided. If this file has been
+      purchased on magnetic or optical media from Unicode, Inc., the
+      sole remedy for any claim will be exchange of defective media
+      within 90 days of receipt.
+
+    Limitations on Rights to Redistribute This Code::
+
+      Unicode, Inc. hereby grants the right to freely use the information
+      supplied in this file in the creation of products supporting the
+      Unicode Standard, and to make copies of this file in any form
+      for internal or external distribution as long as this notice
+      remains attached.
+
+[ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/config.h]
+[ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c]
+[ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/utf8tbl.c]
 
   These files are under the following license.  So to speak, it is
   copyrighted semi-public-domain software.
 
-    Copyright (C) 1987, Fujitsu LTD. (Itaru ICHIKAWA)
-       Everyone is permitted to do anything on this program 
-       including copying, modifying, improving,
-       as long as you don't try to pretend that you wrote it.
-       i.e., the above copyright notice has to appear in all copies.
-       Binary distribution requires original version messages.
-       You don't have to ask before copying, redistribution or publishing.
-       THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE.
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 1987:: Fujitsu LTD. (Itaru ICHIKAWA)
+
+    Everyone is permitted to do anything on this program
+    including copying, modifying, improving,
+    as long as you don't try to pretend that you wrote it.
+    i.e., the above copyright notice has to appear in all copies.
+    Binary distribution requires original version messages.
+    You don't have to ask before copying, redistribution or publishing.
+    THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+[ext/psych]
+[test/psych]
+
+  The files under these directories are under the following license, except for
+  ext/psych/yaml.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright 2009:: Aaron Patterson, et al.
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+    this software and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to deal in
+    the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+    use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+    of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+    so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+    copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+    SOFTWARE.
+
+[ext/psych/yaml]
+
+  The files under this directory are under the following license.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2006:: Kirill Simonov
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+    this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+    the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+    use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+    of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+    so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+    copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+    SOFTWARE.
+
+[ext/pty/pty.c]
+
+  >>>
+    C) Copyright 1998:: by Akinori Ito.
+
+    This software may be redistributed freely for this purpose, in full
+    or in part, provided that this entire copyright notice is included
+    on any copies of this software and applications and derivations thereof.
 
-ext/socket/addrinfo.h:
-ext/socket/getaddrinfo.c:
-ext/socket/getnameinfo.c:
+    This software is provided on an "as is" basis, without warranty of any
+    kind, either expressed or implied, as to any matter including, but not
+    limited to warranty of fitness of purpose, or merchantability, or
+    results obtained from use of this software.
+
+[ext/socket/addrinfo.h]
+[ext/socket/getaddrinfo.c]
+[ext/socket/getnameinfo.c]
 
   These files are under the new-style BSD license.
 
-    Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 WIDE Project.
+  >>>
+    Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999:: WIDE Project.
     All rights reserved.
 
     Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -517,17 +831,221 @@ ext/socket/getnameinfo.c:
     OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-ext/win32ole/win32ole.c:
+[ext/win32ole/win32ole.c]
 
   You can apply the Artistic License to this file. (or GPL,
   alternatively)
 
-    (c) 1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+  >>>
+    (c) 1995:: Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
     Developed by ActiveWare Internet Corp., http://www.ActiveWare.com
 
-    Other modifications Copyright (c) 1997, 1998 by Gurusamy Sarathy
+    Other modifications Copyright (c) 1997, 1998:: by Gurusamy Sarathy
     <gsar@umich.edu> and Jan Dubois <jan.dubois@ibm.net>
- 
+
     You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
     License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file
     of the Perl distribution.
+
+  The Wayback Machine url: http://web.archive.org/web/19970607104352/http://www.activeware.com:80/
+
+[lib/rdoc/generator/template/darkfish/css/fonts.css]
+
+  This file is licensed under the {SIL Open Font License}[http://scripts.sil.org/OFL].
+
+[spec/mspec]
+[spec/ruby]
+
+  The files under these directories are under the following license.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2008:: Engine Yard, Inc. All rights reserved.
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+    obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+    files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+    restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+    copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+    Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+    conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+    included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+    EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
+    OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+    NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+    HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+    WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+    FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+    OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+[lib/rubygems.rb]
+[lib/rubygems]
+[test/rubygems]
+
+  RubyGems is under the following license.
+
+  >>>
+    RubyGems is copyrighted free software by Chad Fowler, Rich Kilmer, Jim
+    Weirich and others.  You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+    either the terms of the {MIT license}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License], or the conditions
+    below:
+
+    1. You may make and give away verbatim copies of the source form of the
+       software without restriction, provided that you duplicate all of the
+       original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.
+
+    2. You may modify your copy of the software in any way, provided that
+       you do at least ONE of the following:
+
+       a. place your modifications in the Public Domain or otherwise
+          make them Freely Available, such as by posting said
+          modifications to Usenet or an equivalent medium, or by allowing
+          the author to include your modifications in the software.
+
+       b. use the modified software only within your corporation or
+          organization.
+
+       c. give non-standard executables non-standard names, with
+          instructions on where to get the original software distribution.
+
+       d. make other distribution arrangements with the author.
+
+    3. You may distribute the software in object code or executable
+       form, provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
+
+       a. distribute the executables and library files of the software,
+          together with instructions (in the manual page or equivalent)
+          on where to get the original distribution.
+
+       b. accompany the distribution with the machine-readable source of
+          the software.
+
+       c. give non-standard executables non-standard names, with
+          instructions on where to get the original software distribution.
+
+       d. make other distribution arrangements with the author.
+
+    4. You may modify and include the part of the software into any other
+       software (possibly commercial).
+
+    5. The scripts and library files supplied as input to or produced as
+       output from the software do not automatically fall under the
+       copyright of the software, but belong to whomever generated them,
+       and may be sold commercially, and may be aggregated with this
+       software.
+
+    6. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
+       IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
+       WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+       PURPOSE.
+
+[lib/bundler]
+[lib/bundler.rb]
+[lib/bundler.gemspec]
+[spec/bundler]
+[man/bundle-*,gemfile.*]
+
+  Bundler is under the following license.
+
+  >>>
+    Portions copyright (c) 2010:: Andre Arko
+    Portions copyright (c) 2009:: Engine Yard
+
+    {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License]
+
+[lib/did_you_mean]
+[lib/did_you_mean.rb]
+[test/did_you_mean]
+
+  did_you_mean is under the following license.
+
+  >>>
+    Copyright (c) 2014-2016 Yuki Nishijima
+
+    {MIT License}[rdoc-label:label-MIT+License]
+
+[benchmark/so_ackermann.rb]
+[benchmark/so_array.rb]
+[benchmark/so_binary_trees.rb]
+[benchmark/so_concatenate.rb]
+[benchmark/so_count_words.yml]
+[benchmark/so_exception.rb]
+[benchmark/so_fannkuch.rb]
+[benchmark/so_fasta.rb]
+[benchmark/so_k_nucleotide.yml]
+[benchmark/so_lists.rb]
+[benchmark/so_mandelbrot.rb]
+[benchmark/so_matrix.rb]
+[benchmark/so_meteor_contest.rb]
+[benchmark/so_nbody.rb]
+[benchmark/so_nested_loop.rb]
+[benchmark/so_nsieve.rb]
+[benchmark/so_nsieve_bits.rb]
+[benchmark/so_object.rb]
+[benchmark/so_partial_sums.rb]
+[benchmark/so_pidigits.rb]
+[benchmark/so_random.rb]
+[benchmark/so_reverse_complement.yml]
+[benchmark/so_sieve.rb]
+[benchmark/so_spectralnorm.rb]
+
+  These files are very old copy of then-called "The Great Computer Language
+  Shootout".  LEGAL SITUATION OF THESE FILES ARE UNCLEAR because the original
+  site has been lost.  Upstream diverged to delete several benchmarks listed
+  above.
+
+== MIT License
+>>>
+      Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+      a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+      "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+      without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+      distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+      permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+      the following conditions:
+
+      The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+      included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+      THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+      EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+      MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+      NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+      LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+      OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+      WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+== Old-style BSD license
+>>>
+      Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+      modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+      are met:
+      1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+         notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+      2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+         notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+         documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+      3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+         may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+         without specific prior written permission.
+
+      THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+      ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+      IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+      ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+      FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+      DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+      OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+      HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+      LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+      OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+      SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+      IMPORTANT NOTE::
+
+      From ftp://ftp.cs.berkeley.edu/pub/4bsd/README.Impt.License.Change
+      paragraph 3 above is now null and void.
diff --git a/Makefile.in b/Makefile.in
deleted file mode 100644
index 41ea4122e8..0000000000
--- a/Makefile.in
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,389 +0,0 @@
-SHELL = /bin/sh
-NULLCMD = @NULLCMD@
-RUNCMD = $(SHELL)
-CHDIR = @CHDIR@
-exec = exec
-NULL = /dev/null
-
-#### Start of system configuration section. ####
-
-srcdir = @srcdir@
-top_srcdir = $(srcdir)
-hdrdir = $(srcdir)/include
-PLATFORM_DIR = @PLATFORM_DIR@
-
-CC = @CC@
-CPP = @CPP@
-YACC = bison
-PURIFY =
-AUTOCONF = autoconf
-@SET_MAKE@
-MKFILES = @MAKEFILES@
-BASERUBY = @BASERUBY@
-TEST_RUNNABLE = @TEST_RUNNABLE@
-DOXYGEN = @DOXYGEN@
-
-prefix = @prefix@
-exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
-bindir = @bindir@
-sbindir = @sbindir@
-libdir = @libdir@
-libexecdir = @libexecdir@
-datarootdir = @datarootdir@
-datadir = @datadir@
-arch = @arch@
-sitearch = @sitearch@
-sitedir = @sitedir@
-ruby_version = @ruby_version@
-
-TESTUI = console
-TESTS =
-INSTALLDOC = @INSTALLDOC@
-DOCTARGETS = @RDOCTARGET@ @CAPITARGET@
-
-EXTOUT = @EXTOUT@
-arch_hdrdir = $(EXTOUT)/include/$(arch)
-VPATH = $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby:$(hdrdir)/ruby:$(srcdir):$(srcdir)/enc:$(srcdir)/missing
-
-empty =
-OUTFLAG = @OUTFLAG@$(empty)
-COUTFLAG = @COUTFLAG@$(empty)
-ARCH_FLAG = @ARCH_FLAG@
-CFLAGS = @CFLAGS@ $(ARCH_FLAG)
-cflags = @cflags@
-optflags = @optflags@
-debugflags = @debugflags@
-warnflags = @warnflags@
-INCFLAGS = -I. -I$(arch_hdrdir) -I$(hdrdir) -I$(srcdir)
-XCFLAGS = @XCFLAGS@
-CPPFLAGS = @CPPFLAGS@ $(INCFLAGS)
-LDFLAGS = @STATIC@ $(CFLAGS) @LDFLAGS@
-EXTLDFLAGS =
-XLDFLAGS = @XLDFLAGS@ $(EXTLDFLAGS)
-EXTLIBS =
-LIBS = @LIBS@ $(EXTLIBS)
-MISSING = @LIBOBJS@ @ALLOCA@
-LDSHARED = @LIBRUBY_LDSHARED@
-DLDFLAGS = @LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS@ $(EXTLDFLAGS) $(ARCH_FLAG)
-SOLIBS = @SOLIBS@
-MAINLIBS = @MAINLIBS@
-ARCHMINIOBJS = @MINIOBJS@
-BUILTIN_ENCOBJS = @BUILTIN_ENCOBJS@
-BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS = @BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS@
-BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS = @BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS@
-
-RUBY_BASE_NAME=@RUBY_BASE_NAME@
-RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION=@RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION@
-RUBY_INSTALL_NAME=@RUBY_INSTALL_NAME@
-RUBY_SO_NAME=@RUBY_SO_NAME@
-EXEEXT = @EXEEXT@
-PROGRAM=$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)$(EXEEXT)
-RUBY = $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)
-MINIRUBY = @MINIRUBY@\
-	$(MINIRUBYOPT)
-RUNRUBY = @RUNRUBY@ $(RUNRUBYOPT) -- $(RUN_OPTS)
-XRUBY = @XRUBY@
-INSTALL = @INSTALL@
-INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@
-INSTALL_SCRIPT = @INSTALL_SCRIPT@
-INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@
-XRUBY_LIBDIR = @XRUBY_LIBDIR@
-XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR = @XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR@
-XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR = @XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR@
-
-DEFAULT_PRELUDES = $(@USE_RUBYGEMS@_GEM_PRELUDE)
-
-#### End of system configuration section. ####
-
-MAJOR=	@MAJOR@
-MINOR=	@MINOR@
-TEENY=	@TEENY@
-
-LIBRUBY_A     = @LIBRUBY_A@
-LIBRUBY_SO    = @LIBRUBY_SO@
-LIBRUBY_ALIASES= @LIBRUBY_ALIASES@
-LIBRUBY	      = @LIBRUBY@
-LIBRUBYARG    = @LIBRUBYARG@
-LIBRUBYARG_STATIC = @LIBRUBYARG_STATIC@
-LIBRUBYARG_SHARED = @LIBRUBYARG_SHARED@
-
-THREAD_MODEL  = @THREAD_MODEL@
-
-PREP          = @PREP@
-ARCHFILE      = @ARCHFILE@
-SETUP         =
-EXTSTATIC     = @EXTSTATIC@
-SET_LC_MESSAGES = env LC_MESSAGES=C
-
-MAKEDIRS      = @MKDIR_P@
-CP            = cp
-MV            = mv
-RM            = rm -f
-RMDIR         = @RMDIR@
-RMDIRS        = @RMDIRS@
-RMALL         = @RMALL@
-NM            = @NM@
-AR            = @AR@
-ARFLAGS       = rcu
-RANLIB        = @RANLIB@
-AS            = @AS@
-ASFLAGS       = @ASFLAGS@ $(INCFLAGS)
-IFCHANGE      = $(srcdir)/tool/ifchange
-SET_LC_MESSAGES = env LC_MESSAGES=C
-OBJDUMP       = @OBJDUMP@
-OBJCOPY       = @OBJCOPY@
-VCS           = @VCS@
-VCSUP         = @VCSUP@
-
-OBJEXT        = @OBJEXT@
-ASMEXT        = S
-DLEXT         = @DLEXT@
-MANTYPE	      = @MANTYPE@
-SYMBOL_PREFIX = @SYMBOL_PREFIX@
-
-INSTALLED_LIST= .installed.list
-
-MKMAIN_CMD    = mkmain.sh
-
-SRC_FILE      = $<
-
-MESSAGE_BEGIN = @for line in
-MESSAGE_END = ; do echo "$$line"; done
-
-configure_args = @configure_args@
-#### End of variables
-
-all:
-
-.DEFAULT: all
-
-# Prevent GNU make v3 from overflowing arg limit on SysV.
-.NOEXPORT:
-
-miniruby$(EXEEXT):
-		@-if test -f $@; then $(MV) -f $@ $@.old; $(RM) $@.old; fi
-		$(ECHO) linking $@
-		$(Q) $(PURIFY) $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) $(NORMALMAINOBJ) $(MINIOBJS) $(COMMONOBJS) $(DMYEXT) $(MAINLIBS) $(LIBS) $(OUTFLAG)$@
-
-$(PROGRAM):
-		@$(RM) $@
-		$(ECHO) linking $@
-		$(Q) $(PURIFY) $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) $(MAINOBJ) $(EXTOBJS) $(LIBRUBYARG) $(MAINLIBS) $(LIBS) $(OUTFLAG)$@
-
-# We must `rm' the library each time this rule is invoked because "updating" a
-# MAB library on Apple/NeXT (see --enable-fat-binary in configure) is not
-# supported.
-$(LIBRUBY_A):
-		@$(RM) $@
-		$(ECHO) linking static-library $@
-		$(Q) $(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $(OBJS) $(DMYEXT)
-		@-$(RANLIB) $@ 2> /dev/null || true
-
-$(LIBRUBY_SO):
-		@-$(PRE_LIBRUBY_UPDATE)
-		$(ECHO) linking shared-library $@
-		$(Q) $(LDSHARED) $(DLDFLAGS) $(OBJS) $(DLDOBJS) $(SOLIBS) $(OUTFLAG)$@
-		-$(Q) $(OBJCOPY) -w -L '$(SYMBOL_PREFIX)Init_*' -L '$(SYMBOL_PREFIX)*_threadptr_*' $@
-		@-$(MINIRUBY) -e 'ARGV.each{|link| File.delete link if File.exist? link; \
-						  File.symlink "$(LIBRUBY_SO)", link}' \
-				$(LIBRUBY_ALIASES) || true
-
-fake: $(arch)-fake.rb
-$(arch)-fake.rb: config.status $(srcdir)/template/fake.rb.in
-		@./config.status --file=$@:$(srcdir)/template/fake.rb.in
-		@chmod +x $@
-
-ruby_pc = @ruby_pc@
-$(ruby_pc):
-		@./config.status --file=$@:$(srcdir)/template/ruby.pc.in
-
-install-cross: $(arch)-fake.rb $(RBCONFIG) rbconfig.rb $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h \
-	$(LIBRUBY_A) $(LIBRUBY_SO) $(ARCHFILE)
-	$(ECHO) installing cross-compiling stuff
-	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR)/$(arch) $(XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR)/$(arch)/ruby
-	$(Q) sed '/^\$$:\.unshift/q' $(arch)-fake.rb > fake.rb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -p \
-	-e '~/^\s*CONFIG\["LDFLAGS"\]/ and' \
-	-e '$$_[/(?=\s*"$$)/] = %q[ #{(CONFIG["LIBPATHFLAG"]%File.dirname(__FILE__)).strip}]' \
-	rbconfig.rb > fake-rbconfig.rb
-	$(INSTALL_SCRIPT) fake.rb $(XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR)/$(arch)/fake.rb
-	$(INSTALL_SCRIPT) fake-rbconfig.rb $(XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR)/$(arch)/rbconfig.rb
-	@$(RM) fake.rb fake-rbconfig.rb
-	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h $(XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR)/$(arch)/ruby
-	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(top_srcdir)/include/ruby/win32.h $(XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR)/ruby
-	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(LIBRUBY) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR)/$(arch)
-	$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $(LIBRUBY_SO) $(XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR)/$(arch)
-
-Makefile:	$(srcdir)/Makefile.in $(srcdir)/enc/Makefile.in
-
-$(MKFILES): config.status
-		MAKE=$(MAKE) $(SHELL) ./config.status
-		@{ \
-		    echo "all:; -@rm -f conftest.mk"; \
-		    echo "conftest.mk: .force; @echo AUTO_REMAKE"; \
-		    echo ".force:"; \
-		} > conftest.mk || exit 1; \
-		$(MAKE) -f conftest.mk | grep '^AUTO_REMAKE$$' >/dev/null 2>&1 || \
-		{ echo "Makefile updated, restart."; exit 1; }
-
-uncommon.mk: $(srcdir)/common.mk
-		sed 's/{\$$([^(){}]*)[^{}]*}//g' $< > $@
-
-.PHONY: reconfig
-reconfig-args = $(srcdir)/configure $(configure_args)
-config.status-args = ./config.status --recheck
-reconfig-exec-0 = exec 3>&1; exit `exec 4>&1; { "$$@" 3>&- 4>&-; echo $$? 1>&4; } | fgrep -v '(cached)' 1>&3`
-reconfig-exec-1 = set -x; "$$@"
-
-reconfig config.status:	$(srcdir)/configure $(srcdir)/enc/Makefile.in
-	@PWD= MINIRUBY="$(MINIRUBY)"; export MINIRUBY; \
-	set $(SHELL) $($@-args); $(reconfig-exec-$(V))
-
-$(srcdir)/configure: $(srcdir)/configure.in
-	$(CHDIR) $(srcdir) && exec $(AUTOCONF)
-
-incs: id.h
-
-# Things which should be considered:
-# * with gperf v.s. without gperf
-# * committers may have various versions of gperf
-# * ./configure v.s. ../ruby/configure
-# * GNU make v.s. HP-UX make	# HP-UX make invokes the action if lex.c and keywords has same mtime.
-# * svn checkout generate a file with mtime as current time
-# * ext4 and XFS has a mtime with fractional part
-lex.c: defs/keywords
-	@\
-	if cmp -s $(srcdir)/defs/lex.c.src $?; then \
-	  [ $(Q) ] && echo copying $@ || set -x; \
-	  $(CP) $(srcdir)/lex.c.blt $@; \
-	else \
-	  [ $(Q) ] && echo generating $@ || set -x; \
-	  gperf -C -p -j1 -i 1 -g -o -t -N rb_reserved_word -k1,3,$$ $? > $@.tmp && \
-	  $(MV) $@.tmp $@ && \
-	  $(CP) $? $(srcdir)/defs/lex.c.src && \
-	  $(CP) $@ $(srcdir)/lex.c.blt; \
-	fi
-
-NAME2CTYPE_OPTIONS = -7 -c -j1 -i1 -t -C -P -T -H uniname2ctype_hash -Q uniname2ctype_pool -N uniname2ctype_p
-
-enc/unicode/name2ctype.h: enc/unicode/name2ctype.kwd
-	$(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
-	@set +e; \
-	if cmp -s $(?:.kwd=.src) $?; then \
-	  set -x; \
-	  $(CP) $(?:.kwd=.h.blt) $@; \
-	else \
-	  trap '$(RM) $@-1.h $@-2.h' 0 && \
-	  set -x; \
-	  sed '/^#ifdef USE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES/,/^#endif/d' $? | gperf $(NAME2CTYPE_OPTIONS) > $@-1.h && \
-	  gperf $(NAME2CTYPE_OPTIONS) < $? > $@-2.h && \
-	  diff -DUSE_UNICODE_PROPERTIES $@-1.h $@-2.h > $@.tmp || :; \
-	  $(MV) $@.tmp $@ && \
-	  $(CP) $? $(?:.kwd=.src) && \
-	  $(CP) $@ $(?:.kwd=.h.blt); \
-	fi
-
-.c.@OBJEXT@:
-	@$(ECHO) compiling $<
-	$(Q) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(XCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -c $<
-
-.s.@OBJEXT@:
-	@$(ECHO) assembling $<
-	$(Q) $(AS) $(ASFLAGS) -o $@ $<
-
-.c.S:
-	@$(ECHO) translating $<
-	$(Q) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(XCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -S $<
-
-.c.i:
-	@$(ECHO) preprocessing $<
-	$(Q) $(CPP) $(XCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -E $< > $@
-
-clean-local::
-	$(Q)$(RM) ext/extinit.c ext/extinit.$(OBJEXT) ext/ripper/y.output
-	-$(Q)$(RM) $(pkgconfig_DATA)
-
-distclean-local::
-	$(Q)$(RM) ext/config.cache $(RBCONFIG) Doxyfile
-	-$(Q)$(RM) run.gdb
-	-$(Q)$(RM) $(INSTALLED_LIST) $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
-	-$(Q)$(RMDIRS) $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby 2> /dev/null || true
-
-clean-ext distclean-ext realclean-ext::
-	@cd ext 2>/dev/null || exit 0; set dummy `echo "${EXTS}" | tr , ' '`; shift; \
-	test "$$#" = 0 && set .; \
-	set dummy `\
-	    find "$$@" -name Makefile -print | sed 's:^\./::;s:/Makefile$$:~:' | sort | sed 's:~$$::'; \
-	`; shift; \
-	cd ..; \
-	for dir do \
-	    echo $(@:-ext=)ing "$$dir"; \
-	    (cd "ext/$$dir" && exec $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $(@:-ext=)) && \
-	    case "$@" in \
-	    *distclean-ext*|*realclean-ext*) \
-		$(RMDIRS) "ext/$$dir" 2> /dev/null || true;; \
-	    esac; \
-	done
-
-distclean-ext realclean-ext::
-	-$(Q)$(RMDIR) ext 2> /dev/null || true
-
-clean-extout:
-	-$(Q)$(RMDIRS) $(EXTOUT) 2> /dev/null || true
-
-clean-enc distclean-enc realclean-enc:
-	@test -f "$(ENC_MK)" || exit 0; \
-	echo $(@:-enc=ing) encodings; \
-	exec $(MAKE) -f $(ENC_MK) $(MFLAGS) $(@:-enc=)
-
-clean-rdoc distclean-rdoc realclean-rdoc:
-	@echo $(@:-rdoc=ing) rdoc
-	$(Q)$(RMALL) $(RDOCOUT)
-clean-capi distclean-capi realclean-capi:
-	@echo $(@:-capi=ing) capi
-	$(Q)$(RMALL) $(CAPIOUT)
-
-clean-platform:
-	@$(RM) $(PLATFORM_D)
-	-$(Q) $(RMDIR) $(PLATFORM_DIR) 2> /dev/null || true
-
-ext/extinit.$(OBJEXT): ext/extinit.c $(SETUP)
-	$(ECHO) compiling $@
-	$(Q) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(XCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -c ext/extinit.c
-
-up::
-	@$(CHDIR) "$(srcdir)" && LC_TIME=C exec $(VCSUP)
-
-update-mspec:
-	@$(CHDIR) $(srcdir); \
-	if [ -d spec/mspec ]; then \
-	  cd spec/mspec; \
-	  echo updating mspec ...; \
-	  exec git pull; \
-	else \
-	  echo retrieving mspec ...; \
-	  exec git clone $(MSPEC_GIT_URL) spec/mspec; \
-	fi
-
-update-rubyspec: update-mspec
-	@$(CHDIR) $(srcdir); \
-	if [ -d spec/rubyspec ]; then \
-	  cd spec/rubyspec; \
-	  echo updating rubyspec ...; \
-	  exec git pull; \
-	else \
-	  echo retrieving rubyspec ...; \
-	  exec git clone $(RUBYSPEC_GIT_URL) spec/rubyspec; \
-	fi
-
-test-rubyspec-precheck:
-	@if [ ! -d $(srcdir)/spec/rubyspec ]; then echo No rubyspec here.  make update-rubyspec first.; exit 1; fi
-
-INSNS	= opt_sc.inc optinsn.inc optunifs.inc insns.inc insns_info.inc \
-	  vmtc.inc vm.inc
-
-$(INSNS): $(srcdir)/insns.def vm_opts.h \
-	  $(srcdir)/defs/opt_operand.def $(srcdir)/defs/opt_insn_unif.def \
-	  $(srcdir)/tool/instruction.rb $(srcdir)/tool/insns2vm.rb
-	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -Ks $(srcdir)/tool/insns2vm.rb $(INSNS2VMOPT) $@
diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
deleted file mode 100644
index 30fec33fdd..0000000000
--- a/NEWS
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,341 +0,0 @@
-# -*- rd -*-
-= NEWS
-
-This document is a list of user visible feature changes made between
-releases except for bug fixes.
-
-Note that each entry is kept so brief that no reason behind or
-reference information is supplied with.  For a full list of changes
-with all sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file.
-
-== Changes since the 1.9.2 release
-=== License
-
-* Ruby's License is changed from a dual license with GPLv2
-  to a dual license with 2-clause BSDL.
-
-=== Known platform dependent issues
-==== OS X Lion
-
-* You have to configure ruby with '--with-gcc=gcc-4.2' if you're using
-  Xcode 4.1, or, if you're using Xcode 4.2, you have to configure ruby
-  with '--with-gcc=clang'.
-
-=== C API updates
-
-* rb_scan_args() is enhanced with support for option hash argument
-  extraction.
-
-* ruby_vm_at_exit() added.  This enables extension libs to hook a VM
-  termination.
-
-* rb_reserved_fd_p() added.  If you want to close all file descriptors,
-  check using this API.  [ruby-core:37759]
-
-=== Library updates (outstanding ones only)
-
-* builtin classes
-
-  * ARGF
-    * new methods:
-      * ARGF.print
-      * ARGF.printf
-      * ARGF.putc
-      * ARGF.puts
-      * ARGF.read_nonblock
-      * ARGF.to_write_io
-      * ARGF.write
-
-  * Array
-    * extended method:
-      * Array#pack supports endian modifiers
-
-  * Bignum
-    * Multiplication algorithm for Bignums with a large number of digits over
-      150 BDIGITs is changed in order to reduce its calculation time.
-      Now such large Bignums are multiplied by using Toom-3 algorithm.
-
-  * Encoding
-    * new encodings:
-      * CP950
-      * CP951
-      * UTF-16
-      * UTF-32
-    * change alias:
-      * SJIS is Windows-31J
-
-  * File
-    * new constant:
-      * File::NULL
-        name of NULL device.
-      * File::DIRECT
-        name of O_DIRECT.
-
-  * IO
-    * extended method:
-      * IO#putc supports multibyte characters
-    * new methods:
-      * IO#advise
-      * IO.write(name, string, [offset] )
-        Write `string` to file `name`.
-        Opposite with File.read.
-      * IO.binwrite(name, string, [offset] )
-        binary version of IO.write.
-
-  * Kernel
-    * move #__id__ to BasicObject.
-    * extended method:
-      * Kernel#rand supports range argument
-
-  * Module
-    * new methods:
-      * Module#private_constant
-      * Module#public_constant
-
-  * Random
-    * extended method:
-      * Random.rand supports range argument
-
-  * String
-    * extended method:
-      * String#unpack supports endian modifiers
-    * new method:
-      * String#prepend
-      * String#byteslice
-
-  * Time
-    * extended method:
-      * Time#strftime supports %:z and %::z.
-
-  * Process
-    * Process#maxgroups and Process#maxgroups= now raise NotImplementedError if
-      the platform don't support supplementary groups concept.
-
-* bigdecimal
-
-  * BigDecimal#power and BigDecimal#** support non-integral exponent.
-
-  * Kernel.BigDecimal and BigDecimal.new now accept instances of Integer,
-    Rational, Float, and BigDecimal.  If you pass a Rational or a Float to
-    them, you must specify the precision to produce the digits of a BigDecimal.
-
-  * The behavior of BigDecimal#coerce with a Rational is changed.  It uses
-    the precision of the receiver BigDecimal to produce the digits of a
-    BigDecimal from the given Rational.
-
-* bigdecimal/util
-
-  * BigDecimal#to_d and Integer#to_d are added.
-
-  * Float#to_d accepts a precision.
-
-  * Rational#to_d raises ArgumentError when passing zero or negative
-    precision.
-
-  * Rational#to_d
-
-    * Zero and an implicit precision is deprecated.
-      This feature is removed at the next release of bigdecimal.
-
-    * A negative precision isn't supported.
-      Be careful it is an incompatible change.
-
-* date
-
-  * Accepts flonum explicitly with limitations.
-    * If the given offset is flonum, DateTime assumes its precision is
-      at most second.
-
-      DateTime.new(2001,2,3,0,0,0,3.0/24) ==
-      DateTime.new(2001,2,3,0,0,0,'+03:00')
-        #=> true
-
-    * If the given operand for -/+ is flonum, DateTime assumes its
-      precision is at most nanosecond.
-
-      DateTime.new(2001,2,3) + 0.5 == DateTime.new(2001,2,3,12)
-        #=> true
-
-    * Precision of offset is always at most second.
-
-      Rational('0.5') == Rational('0.500001')  #=> false
-      DateTime.new(2001,2,3,0,0,0,Rational('0.5')) ==
-      DateTime.new(2001,2,3,0,0,0,Rational('0.500001'))
-        #=> true
-
-  * Ignores long offset and far reform day (with warning).
-
-    * Now accepts only:
-
-      -1<=offset<=1 (-24:00..+24:00)
-      2298874<=start<=2426355 or -/+oo
-        (proleptic Gregorian/Julian mean -/+oo)
-
-  * A method strftime cannot produce huge output (same as Time's one).
-
-    * Even though Date/DateTime can handle far dates, the following causes
-      an exception.
-
-      DateTime.new(1<<10000).strftime('%Y')  # Errno::ERANGE
-
-  * Changed the format of inspect.
-  * Changed the format of marshal (but, can load old dumps).
-
-* io/console
-  * new methods:
-    * IO#noecho {|io| }
-    * IO#echo=
-    * IO#echo?
-    * IO#raw {|io| }
-    * IO#raw!
-    * IO#getch
-    * IO#winsize
-    * IO.console
-
-* json
-  * updated to v1.5.4.
-
-* matrix
-  * new classes:
-    * Matrix::EigenvalueDecomposition
-    * Matrix::LUPDecomposition
-  * new methods:
-    * Matrix#diagonal?
-    * Matrix#eigen
-    * Matrix#eigensystem
-    * Matrix#hermitian?
-    * Matrix#lower_triangular?
-    * Matrix#lup
-    * Matrix#lup_decomposition
-    * Matrix#normal?
-    * Matrix#orthogonal?
-    * Matrix#permutation?
-    * Matrix#round
-    * Matrix#symmetric?
-    * Matrix#unitary?
-    * Matrix#upper_triangular?
-    * Matrix#zero?
-    * Vector#magnitude, #norm
-    * Vector#normalize
-  * extended methods:
-    * Matrix#each and #each_with_index can iterate on a subset of the elements
-    * Matrix#find_index returns [row, column] and can iterate on a subset
-      of the elements
-    * Matrix#** implements Numeric exponents (using the eigensystem)
-    * Matrix.zero can build rectangular matrices
-
-* minitest
-  * Minitest has been updated to version 2.2.2.
-  * For full details, see https://github.com/seattlerb/minitest/blob/master/History.txt
-
-* net/http
-  * SNI (Server Name Indication) supported for HTTPS.
-
-  * Allow to configure to wait server returning '100 continue' response
-    before sending HTTP request body. Set Net::HTTP#continue_timeout AND pass
-    'expect' => '100-continue' to a extra HTTP header.
-
-    For example, the following code sends HTTP header and waits for getting
-    '100 continue' response before sending HTTP request body. When 0.5 [sec]
-    timeout occurs or the server send '100 continue', the client sends HTTP
-    request body.
-      http.continue_timeout = 0.5
-      http.request_post('/continue', 'body=BODY', 'expect' => '100-continue')
-
-  * new method:
-    * Net::HTTPRequest#set_form): Added to support
-      both application/x-www-form-urlencoded and multipart/form-data.
-
-* objspace
-  * new method:
-    * ObjectSpace::memsize_of_all
-
-* openssl
-  * PKey::RSA and PKey::DSA now use the generic X.509 encoding scheme
-    (e.g. used in a X.509 certificate's Subject Public Key Info) when
-    exporting public keys to DER or PEM. Backward compatibility is
-    ensured by (already existing) fallbacks during creation.
-  * OpenSSL::ASN1::Constructive#new and OpenSSL::ASN1::Primitive#new
-    (and the constructors of their sub-classes) will no longer force
-    tagging to be set to :EXPLICIT when tag and/or tag_class are passed
-    as parameters. tagging must be set explicitly.
-  * Support for infinite length encodings via infinite_length attribute.
-  * OpenSSL::PKey.read( file | string [, pwd] ) allows to read arbitrary
-    public/private keys in DER-/PEM-encoded form with an optional password
-    for encrypted PEM encodings.
-  * Add new method OpenSSL::X509::Name#hash_old as a wrapper of
-    X509_NAME_hash_old() defined from OpenSSL 1.0.0. It returns OpenSSL 0.9.8
-    compatible hash value.
-
-* optparse
-  * support for bash/zsh completion.
-
-* Rake
-  * Rake has been upgraded from 0.8.7 to 0.9.2.2.  For full release notes see
-    https://github.com/jimweirich/rake/blob/master/CHANGES
-
-* RDoc
-  * RDoc has been upgraded to version 3.9.4.  For full release notes see
-    http://docs.seattlerb.org/rdoc/History_txt.html
-
-* rexml
-  * Support Ruby native encoding mechanism and iconv dependency is dropped.
-
-* RubyGems
-  * RubyGems has been upgraded to version 1.8.10. For full release notes see
-    http://rubygems.rubyforge.org/rubygems-update/History_txt.html
-
-* stringio
-  * extended method:
-    * StringIO#set_encoding can get 2nd argument and optional hash.
-
-* test/unit
-  * New arguments:
-    * -j N, --jobs=N: Allow run N testcases at once.
-    * --jobs-status: Show status of jobs when parallel running.
-    * --no-retry: Don't retry testcases which failed when parallel running.
-    * --ruby=RUBY: path to ruby for job(worker) process. optional.
-    * --hide-skip: Hide skip messages. You'll see the number of skips at end of
-      test result.
-
-* uri
-  * new methods:
-    * URI::Generic#hostname
-    * URI::Generic#hostname=
-
-* webrick
-  * new method:
-    * WEBrick::HTTPRequest#continue for generating '100 continue' response.
-  * new logging directive:
-    * %{remote}p for remote (client) port number.
-
-* yaml
-  * The default YAML engine is now Psych. You may downgrade to syck by setting
-    YAML::ENGINE.yamler = 'syck'.
-
-* zlib
-  * new methods:
-    * Zlib.deflate
-    * Zlib.inflate
-
-* FileUtils
-  * extended method:
-    * FileUtils#chmod supports symbolic mode argument.
-
-=== Language changes
-
-* Regexps now support Unicode 6.0. (new characters and scripts)
-
-* [experimental] Regexps now support Age property.
-  Unlike Perl, current implementation takes interpretation of the
-  interpretation of UTS #18.
-  http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr18/
-
-* Turning on/off indentation warnings with directives.
-  ("# -*- warn-indent: true -*-" / "# -*- warn-indent: false -*-")
-
-=== Compatibility issues (excluding feature bug fixes)
-
-  * Rational#to_d
-
-    See above.
diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2dcfacb6e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -0,0 +1,820 @@
+# NEWS for Ruby 3.0.0
+
+This document is a list of user visible feature changes
+since the **2.7.0** release, except for bug fixes.
+
+Note that each entry is kept so brief that no reason behind or reference
+information is supplied with.  For a full list of changes with all
+sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file or Redmine
+(e.g. `https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/$FEATURE_OR_BUG_NUMBER`).
+
+## Language changes
+
+* Keyword arguments are now separated from positional arguments.
+  Code that resulted in deprecation warnings in Ruby 2.7 will now
+  result in ArgumentError or different behavior. [[Feature #14183]]
+
+* Procs accepting a single rest argument and keywords are no longer
+  subject to autosplatting.  This now matches the behavior of Procs
+  accepting a single rest argument and no keywords.
+  [[Feature #16166]]
+
+    ```ruby
+    pr = proc{|*a, **kw| [a, kw]}
+
+    pr.call([1])
+    # 2.7 => [[1], {}]
+    # 3.0 => [[[1]], {}]
+
+    pr.call([1, {a: 1}])
+    # 2.7 => [[1], {:a=>1}] # and deprecation warning
+    # 3.0 => [[[1, {:a=>1}]], {}]
+    ```
+
+* Arguments forwarding (`...`) now supports leading arguments.
+  [[Feature #16378]]
+
+    ```ruby
+    def method_missing(meth, ...)
+      send(:"do_#{meth}", ...)
+    end
+    ```
+
+* Pattern matching (`case/in`) is no longer experimental. [[Feature #17260]]
+
+* One-line pattern matching is redesigned.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
+
+    * `=>` is added. It can be used like a rightward assignment.
+      [[Feature #17260]]
+
+        ```ruby
+        0 => a
+        p a #=> 0
+
+        {b: 0, c: 1} => {b:}
+        p b #=> 0
+        ```
+
+    * `in` is changed to return `true` or `false`. [[Feature #17371]]
+
+        ```ruby
+        # version 3.0
+        0 in 1 #=> false
+
+        # version 2.7
+        0 in 1 #=> raise NoMatchingPatternError
+        ```
+
+* Find-pattern is added.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
+  [[Feature #16828]]
+
+    ```ruby
+    case ["a", 1, "b", "c", 2, "d", "e", "f", 3]
+    in [*pre, String => x, String => y, *post]
+      p pre  #=> ["a", 1]
+      p x    #=> "b"
+      p y    #=> "c"
+      p post #=> [2, "d", "e", "f", 3]
+    end
+    ```
+
+* Endless method definition is added.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
+  [[Feature #16746]]
+
+    ```ruby
+    def square(x) = x * x
+    ```
+
+* Interpolated String literals are no longer frozen when
+  `# frozen-string-literal: true` is used. [[Feature #17104]]
+
+* Magic comment `shareable_constant_value` added to freeze constants.
+  See {Magic Comments}[rdoc-ref:doc/syntax/comments.rdoc@Magic+Comments] for more details.
+  [[Feature #17273]]
+
+* A {static analysis}[rdoc-label:label-Static+analysis] foundation is
+  introduced.
+    * {RBS}[rdoc-label:label-RBS] is introduced. It is a type definition
+      language for Ruby programs.
+    * {TypeProf}[rdoc-label:label-TypeProf] is experimentally bundled. It is a
+      type analysis tool for Ruby programs.
+
+* Deprecation warnings are no longer shown by default (since Ruby 2.7.2).
+  Turn them on with `-W:deprecated` (or with `-w` to show other warnings too).
+  [[Feature #16345]]
+
+* $SAFE and $KCODE are now normal global variables with no special behavior.
+  C-API methods related to $SAFE have been removed.
+  [[Feature #16131]] [[Feature #17136]]
+
+* yield in singleton class definitions in methods is now a SyntaxError
+  instead of a warning. yield in a class definition outside of a method
+  is now a SyntaxError instead of a LocalJumpError.  [[Feature #15575]]
+
+* When a class variable is overtaken by the same definition in an
+  ancestor class/module, a RuntimeError is now raised (previously,
+  it only issued a warning in verbose mode).  Additionally, accessing a
+  class variable from the toplevel scope is now a RuntimeError.
+  [[Bug #14541]]
+
+* Assigning to a numbered parameter is now a SyntaxError instead of
+  a warning.
+
+## Command line options
+
+### `--help` option
+
+When the environment variable `RUBY_PAGER` or `PAGER` is present and has
+a non-empty value, and the standard input and output are tty, the `--help`
+option shows the help message via the pager designated by the value.
+[[Feature #16754]]
+
+### `--backtrace-limit` option
+
+The `--backtrace-limit` option limits the maximum length of a backtrace.
+[[Feature #8661]]
+
+## Core classes updates
+
+Outstanding ones only.
+
+* Array
+
+    * The following methods now return Array instances instead of
+      subclass instances when called on subclass instances:
+      [[Bug #6087]]
+
+        * Array#drop
+        * Array#drop_while
+        * Array#flatten
+        * Array#slice!
+        * Array#slice / Array#[]
+        * Array#take
+        * Array#take_while
+        * Array#uniq
+        * Array#*
+
+    * Can be sliced with Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence
+
+        ```ruby
+        dirty_data = ['--', 'data1', '--', 'data2', '--', 'data3']
+        dirty_data[(1..).step(2)] # take each second element
+        # => ["data1", "data2", "data3"]
+        ```
+
+* Binding
+
+    * Binding#eval when called with one argument will use "(eval)"
+      for `__FILE__` and 1 for `__LINE__` in the evaluated code.
+      [[Bug #4352]] [[Bug #17419]]
+
+* ConditionVariable
+
+    * ConditionVariable#wait may now invoke the `block`/`unblock` scheduler
+      hooks in a non-blocking context. [[Feature #16786]]
+
+* Dir
+
+    * Dir.glob and Dir.[] now sort the results by default, and
+      accept the `sort:` keyword option.  [[Feature #8709]]
+
+* ENV
+
+    * ENV.except has been added, which returns a hash excluding the
+      given keys and their values.  [[Feature #15822]]
+
+    * Windows: Read ENV names and values as UTF-8 encoded Strings
+      [[Feature #12650]]
+
+* Encoding
+
+    * Added new encoding IBM720.  [[Feature #16233]]
+
+    * Changed default for Encoding.default_external to UTF-8 on Windows
+      [[Feature #16604]]
+
+* Fiber
+
+    * Fiber.new(blocking: true/false) allows you to create non-blocking
+      execution contexts. [[Feature #16786]]
+
+    * Fiber#blocking? tells whether the fiber is non-blocking. [[Feature #16786]]
+
+    * Fiber#backtrace and Fiber#backtrace_locations provide per-fiber backtrace.
+      [[Feature #16815]]
+
+    * The limitation of Fiber#transfer is relaxed. [[Bug #17221]]
+
+* GC
+
+    * GC.auto_compact= and GC.auto_compact have been added to control
+      when compaction runs.  Setting `auto_compact=` to true will cause
+      compaction to occur during major collections.  At the moment,
+      compaction adds significant overhead to major collections, so please
+      test first!  [[Feature #17176]]
+
+* Hash
+
+    * Hash#transform_keys and Hash#transform_keys! now accept a hash that maps
+      keys to new keys.  [[Feature #16274]]
+
+    * Hash#except has been added, which returns a hash excluding the
+      given keys and their values.  [[Feature #15822]]
+
+* IO
+
+    * IO#nonblock? now defaults to `true`. [[Feature #16786]]
+
+    * IO#wait_readable, IO#wait_writable, IO#read, IO#write and other
+      related methods (e.g. IO#puts, IO#gets) may invoke the scheduler hook
+      `#io_wait(io, events, timeout)` in a non-blocking execution context.
+      [[Feature #16786]]
+
+* Kernel
+
+    * Kernel#clone when called with the `freeze: false` keyword will call
+      `#initialize_clone` with the `freeze: false` keyword.
+      [[Bug #14266]]
+
+    * Kernel#clone when called with the `freeze: true` keyword will call
+      `#initialize_clone` with the `freeze: true` keyword, and will
+      return a frozen copy even if the receiver is unfrozen.
+      [[Feature #16175]]
+
+    * Kernel#eval when called with two arguments will use "(eval)"
+      for `__FILE__` and 1 for `__LINE__` in the evaluated code.
+      [[Bug #4352]]
+
+    * Kernel#lambda now warns if called without a literal block.
+      [[Feature #15973]]
+
+    * Kernel.sleep invokes the scheduler hook `#kernel_sleep(...)` in a
+      non-blocking execution context. [[Feature #16786]]
+
+* Module
+
+    * Module#include and Module#prepend now affect classes and modules
+      that have already included or prepended the receiver, mirroring the
+      behavior if the arguments were included in the receiver before
+      the other modules and classes included or prepended the receiver.
+      [[Feature #9573]]
+
+        ```ruby
+        class C; end
+        module M1; end
+        module M2; end
+        C.include M1
+        M1.include M2
+        p C.ancestors #=> [C, M1, M2, Object, Kernel, BasicObject]
+        ```
+
+    * Module#public, Module#protected, Module#private, Module#public_class_method,
+      Module#private_class_method, toplevel "private" and "public" methods
+      now accept single array argument with a list of method names. [[Feature #17314]]
+
+    * Module#attr_accessor, Module#attr_reader, Module#attr_writer and Module#attr
+      methods now return an array of defined method names as symbols.
+      [[Feature #17314]]
+
+    * Module#alias_method now returns the defined alias as a symbol.
+      [[Feature #17314]]
+
+* Mutex
+
+    * `Mutex` is now acquired per-`Fiber` instead of per-`Thread`. This change
+      should be compatible for essentially all usages and avoids blocking when
+      using a scheduler. [[Feature #16792]]
+
+* Proc
+
+    * Proc#== and Proc#eql? are now defined and will return true for
+      separate Proc instances if the procs were created from the same block.
+      [[Feature #14267]]
+
+* Queue / SizedQueue
+
+    * Queue#pop, SizedQueue#push and related methods may now invoke the
+      `block`/`unblock` scheduler hooks in a non-blocking context.
+      [[Feature #16786]]
+
+* Ractor
+
+    * New class added to enable parallel execution. See rdoc-ref:ractor.md for
+      more details.
+
+* Random
+
+    * `Random::DEFAULT` now refers to the `Random` class instead of being a `Random` instance,
+      so it can work with `Ractor`.
+      [[Feature #17322]]
+
+    * `Random::DEFAULT` is deprecated since its value is now confusing and it is no longer global,
+      use `Kernel.rand`/`Random.rand` directly, or create a `Random` instance with `Random.new` instead.
+      [[Feature #17351]]
+
+
+* String
+
+    * The following methods now return or yield String instances
+      instead of subclass instances when called on subclass instances:
+      [[Bug #10845]]
+
+        * String#*
+        * String#capitalize
+        * String#center
+        * String#chomp
+        * String#chop
+        * String#delete
+        * String#delete_prefix
+        * String#delete_suffix
+        * String#downcase
+        * String#dump
+        * String#each_char
+        * String#each_grapheme_cluster
+        * String#each_line
+        * String#gsub
+        * String#ljust
+        * String#lstrip
+        * String#partition
+        * String#reverse
+        * String#rjust
+        * String#rpartition
+        * String#rstrip
+        * String#scrub
+        * String#slice!
+        * String#slice / String#[]
+        * String#split
+        * String#squeeze
+        * String#strip
+        * String#sub
+        * String#succ / String#next
+        * String#swapcase
+        * String#tr
+        * String#tr_s
+        * String#upcase
+
+* Symbol
+
+    * Symbol#to_proc now returns a lambda Proc.  [[Feature #16260]]
+
+    * Symbol#name has been added, which returns the name of the symbol
+      if it is named.  The returned string is frozen.  [[Feature #16150]]
+
+* Fiber
+
+    * Introduce Fiber.set_scheduler for intercepting blocking operations and
+      Fiber.scheduler for accessing the current scheduler. See
+      rdoc-ref:fiber.md for more details about what operations are supported and
+      how to implement the scheduler hooks. [[Feature #16786]]
+
+    * Fiber.blocking? tells whether the current execution context is
+      blocking. [[Feature #16786]]
+
+    * Thread#join invokes the scheduler hooks `block`/`unblock` in a
+      non-blocking execution context. [[Feature #16786]]
+
+* Thread
+
+    * Thread.ignore_deadlock accessor has been added for disabling the
+      default deadlock detection, allowing the use of signal handlers to
+      break deadlock. [[Bug #13768]]
+
+* Warning
+
+    * Warning#warn now supports a category keyword argument.
+      [[Feature #17122]]
+
+## Stdlib updates
+
+Outstanding ones only.
+
+* BigDecimal
+
+    * Update to BigDecimal 3.0.0
+
+    * This version is Ractor compatible.
+
+* Bundler
+
+    * Update to Bundler 2.2.3
+
+* CGI
+
+    * Update to 0.2.0
+
+    * This version is Ractor compatible.
+
+* CSV
+
+    * Update to CSV 3.1.9
+
+* Date
+
+    * Update to Date 3.1.1
+
+    * This version is Ractor compatible.
+
+* Digest
+
+    * Update to Digest 3.0.0
+
+    * This version is Ractor compatible.
+
+* Etc
+
+    * Update to Etc 1.2.0
+
+    * This version is Ractor compatible.
+
+* Fiddle
+
+    * Update to Fiddle 1.0.5
+
+* IRB
+
+    * Update to IRB 1.2.6
+
+* JSON
+
+    * Update to JSON 2.5.0
+
+    * This version is Ractor compatible.
+
+* Set
+
+    * Update to set 1.0.0
+
+    * SortedSet has been removed for dependency and performance reasons.
+
+    * Set#join is added as a shorthand for `.to_a.join`.
+
+    * Set#<=> is added.
+
+* Socket
+
+    * Add :connect_timeout to TCPSocket.new [[Feature #17187]]
+
+* Net::HTTP
+
+    * Net::HTTP#verify_hostname= and Net::HTTP#verify_hostname have been
+      added to skip hostname verification.  [[Feature #16555]]
+
+    * Net::HTTP.get, Net::HTTP.get_response, and Net::HTTP.get_print
+      can take the request headers as a Hash in the second argument when the
+      first argument is a URI.  [[Feature #16686]]
+
+* Net::SMTP
+
+    * Add SNI support.
+
+    * Net::SMTP.start arguments are keyword arguments.
+
+    * TLS should not check the host name by default.
+
+* OpenStruct
+
+    * Initialization is no longer lazy. [[Bug #12136]]
+
+    * Builtin methods can now be overridden safely. [[Bug #15409]]
+
+    * Implementation uses only methods ending with `!`.
+
+    * Ractor compatible.
+
+    * Improved support for YAML. [[Bug #8382]]
+
+    * Use officially discouraged. Read OpenStruct@Caveats section.
+
+* Pathname
+
+    * Ractor compatible.
+
+* Psych
+
+    * Update to Psych 3.3.0
+
+    * This version is Ractor compatible.
+
+* Reline
+
+    * Update to Reline 0.1.5
+
+* RubyGems
+
+    * Update to RubyGems 3.2.3
+
+* StringIO
+
+    * Update to StringIO 3.0.0
+
+    * This version is Ractor compatible.
+
+* StringScanner
+
+    * Update to StringScanner 3.0.0
+
+    * This version is Ractor compatible.
+
+## Compatibility issues
+
+Excluding feature bug fixes.
+
+* Regexp literals and all Range objects are frozen. [[Feature #8948]] [[Feature #16377]] [[Feature #15504]]
+
+    ```ruby
+    /foo/.frozen? #=> true
+    (42...).frozen? # => true
+    ```
+
+* EXPERIMENTAL: Hash#each consistently yields a 2-element array. [[Bug #12706]]
+
+    * Now `{ a: 1 }.each(&->(k, v) { })` raises an ArgumentError
+      due to lambda's arity check.
+
+* When writing to STDOUT redirected to a closed pipe, no broken pipe
+  error message will be shown now.  [[Feature #14413]]
+
+* `TRUE`/`FALSE`/`NIL` constants are no longer defined.
+
+* Integer#zero? overrides Numeric#zero? for optimization.  [[Misc #16961]]
+
+* Enumerable#grep and Enumerable#grep_v when passed a Regexp and no block no longer modify
+  Regexp.last_match. [[Bug #17030]]
+
+* Requiring 'open-uri' no longer redefines `Kernel#open`.
+  Call `URI.open` directly or `use URI#open` instead. [[Misc #15893]]
+
+* SortedSet has been removed for dependency and performance reasons.
+
+## Stdlib compatibility issues
+
+* Default gems
+
+    * The following libraries are promoted to default gems from stdlib.
+
+        * English
+        * abbrev
+        * base64
+        * drb
+        * debug
+        * erb
+        * find
+        * net-ftp
+        * net-http
+        * net-imap
+        * net-protocol
+        * open-uri
+        * optparse
+        * pp
+        * prettyprint
+        * resolv-replace
+        * resolv
+        * rinda
+        * set
+        * securerandom
+        * shellwords
+        * tempfile
+        * tmpdir
+        * time
+        * tsort
+        * un
+        * weakref
+
+    * The following extensions are promoted to default gems from stdlib.
+
+        * digest
+        * io-nonblock
+        * io-wait
+        * nkf
+        * pathname
+        * syslog
+        * win32ole
+
+* Bundled gems
+
+    * net-telnet and xmlrpc have been removed from the bundled gems.
+      If you are interested in maintaining them, please comment on
+      your plan to https://github.com/ruby/xmlrpc
+      or https://github.com/ruby/net-telnet.
+
+* SDBM has been removed from the Ruby standard library. [[Bug #8446]]
+
+    * The issues of sdbm will be handled at https://github.com/ruby/sdbm
+
+* WEBrick has been removed from the Ruby standard library. [[Feature #17303]]
+
+    * The issues of WEBrick will be handled at https://github.com/ruby/webrick
+
+## C API updates
+
+* C API functions related to $SAFE have been removed.
+  [[Feature #16131]]
+
+* C API header file `ruby/ruby.h` was split. [[GH-2991]]
+
+    This should have no impact on extension libraries,
+    but users might experience slow compilations.
+
+* Memory view interface [EXPERIMENTAL]
+
+    * The memory view interface is a C-API set to exchange a raw memory area,
+      such as a numeric array or a bitmap image, between extension libraries.
+      The extension libraries can share also the metadata of the memory area
+      that consists of the shape, the element format, and so on.
+      Using these kinds of metadata, the extension libraries can share even
+      a multidimensional array appropriately.
+      This feature is designed by referring to Python's buffer protocol.
+      [[Feature #13767]] [[Feature #14722]]
+
+* Ractor related C APIs are introduced (experimental) in "include/ruby/ractor.h".
+
+## Implementation improvements
+
+* New method cache mechanism for Ractor. [[Feature #16614]]
+
+    * Inline method caches pointed from ISeq can be accessed by multiple Ractors
+      in parallel and synchronization is needed even for method caches. However,
+      such synchronization can be overhead so introducing new inline method cache
+      mechanisms, (1) Disposable inline method cache (2) per-Class method cache
+      and (3) new invalidation mechanism. (1) can avoid per-method call
+      synchronization because it only uses atomic operations.
+      See the ticket for more details.
+
+* The number of hashes allocated when using a keyword splat in
+  a method call has been reduced to a maximum of 1, and passing
+  a keyword splat to a method that accepts specific keywords
+  does not allocate a hash.
+
+* `super` is optimized when the same type of method is called in the previous call
+  if it's not refinements or an attr reader or writer.
+
+### JIT
+
+* Performance improvements of JIT-ed code
+
+    * Microarchitectural optimizations
+
+        * Native functions shared by multiple methods are deduplicated on JIT compaction.
+
+        * Decrease code size of hot paths by some optimizations and partitioning cold paths.
+
+    * Instance variables
+
+        * Eliminate some redundant checks.
+
+        * Skip checking a class and a object multiple times in a method when possible.
+
+        * Optimize accesses in some core classes like Hash and their subclasses.
+
+    * Method inlining support for some C methods
+
+        * `Kernel`: `#class`, `#frozen?`
+
+        * `Integer`: `#-@`, `#~`, `#abs`, `#bit_length`, `#even?`, `#integer?`, `#magnitude`,
+          `#odd?`, `#ord`, `#to_i`, `#to_int`, `#zero?`
+
+        * `Struct`: reader methods for 10th or later members
+
+    * Constant references are inlined.
+
+    * Always generate appropriate code for `==`, `nil?`, and `!` calls depending on
+      a receiver class.
+
+    * Reduce the number of PC accesses on branches and method returns.
+
+    * Optimize C method calls a little.
+
+* Compilation process improvements
+
+    * It does not keep temporary files in /tmp anymore.
+
+    * Throttle GC and compaction of JIT-ed code.
+
+    * Avoid GC-ing JIT-ed code when not necessary.
+
+    * GC-ing JIT-ed code is executed in a background thread.
+
+    * Reduce the number of locks between Ruby and JIT threads.
+
+## Static analysis
+
+### RBS
+
+* RBS is a new language for type definition of Ruby programs.
+  It allows writing types of classes and modules with advanced
+  types including union types, overloading, generics, and
+  _interface types_ for duck typing.
+
+* Ruby ships with type definitions for core/stdlib classes.
+
+* `rbs` gem is bundled to load and process RBS files.
+
+### TypeProf
+
+* TypeProf is a type analysis tool for Ruby code based on abstract interpretation.
+
+    * It reads non-annotated Ruby code, tries inferring its type signature, and prints
+      the analysis result in RBS format.
+
+    * Though it supports only a subset of the Ruby language yet, we will continuously
+      improve the coverage of language features, analysis performance, and usability.
+
+```ruby
+# test.rb
+def foo(x)
+  if x > 10
+    x.to_s
+  else
+    nil
+  end
+end
+
+foo(42)
+```
+
+```
+$ typeprof test.rb
+# Classes
+class Object
+  def foo : (Integer) -> String?
+end
+```
+
+## Miscellaneous changes
+
+* Methods using `ruby2_keywords` will no longer keep empty keyword
+  splats, those are now removed just as they are for methods not
+  using `ruby2_keywords`.
+
+* When an exception is caught in the default handler, the error
+  message and backtrace are printed in order from the innermost.
+  [[Feature #8661]]
+
+* Accessing an uninitialized instance variable no longer emits a
+  warning in verbose mode. [[Feature #17055]]
+
+[Bug #4352]:      https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/4352
+[Bug #6087]:      https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/6087
+[Bug #8382]:      https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8382
+[Bug #8446]:      https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8446
+[Feature #8661]:  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8661
+[Feature #8709]:  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8709
+[Feature #8948]:  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/8948
+[Feature #9573]:  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/9573
+[Bug #10845]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/10845
+[Bug #12136]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12136
+[Feature #12650]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12650
+[Bug #12706]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12706
+[Feature #13767]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/13767
+[Bug #13768]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/13768
+[Feature #14183]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14183
+[Bug #14266]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14266
+[Feature #14267]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14267
+[Feature #14413]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14413
+[Bug #14541]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14541
+[Feature #14722]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14722
+[Bug #15409]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15409
+[Feature #15504]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15504
+[Feature #15575]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15575
+[Feature #15822]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15822
+[Misc #15893]:    https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15893
+[Feature #15921]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15921
+[Feature #15973]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15973
+[Feature #16131]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16131
+[Feature #16150]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16150
+[Feature #16166]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16166
+[Feature #16175]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16175
+[Feature #16233]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16233
+[Feature #16260]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16260
+[Feature #16274]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16274
+[Feature #16345]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16345
+[Feature #16377]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16377
+[Feature #16378]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16378
+[Feature #16555]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16555
+[Feature #16604]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16604
+[Feature #16614]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16614
+[Feature #16686]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16686
+[Feature #16746]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16746
+[Feature #16754]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16754
+[Feature #16786]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16786
+[Feature #16792]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16792
+[Feature #16815]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16815
+[Feature #16828]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16828
+[Misc #16961]:    https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16961
+[Bug #17030]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17030
+[Feature #17055]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17055
+[Feature #17104]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17104
+[Feature #17122]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17122
+[Feature #17136]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17136
+[Feature #17176]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17176
+[Feature #17187]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17187
+[Bug #17221]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17221
+[Feature #17260]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17260
+[Feature #17273]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17273
+[Feature #17303]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17303
+[Feature #17314]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17314
+[Feature #17322]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17322
+[Feature #17351]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17351
+[Feature #17371]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17371
+[Bug #17419]:     https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17419
+[GH-2991]:        https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/2991
diff --git a/README b/README
deleted file mode 100644
index 3d2e636e4d..0000000000
--- a/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-* What's Ruby
-
-Ruby is the interpreted scripting language for quick and
-easy object-oriented programming.  It has many features to
-process text files and to do system management tasks (as in
-Perl).  It is simple, straight-forward, and extensible.
-
-
-* Features of Ruby
-
-  + Simple Syntax
-  + *Normal* Object-Oriented features(ex. class, method calls)
-  + *Advanced* Object-Oriented features(ex. Mix-in, Singleton-method)
-  + Operator Overloading
-  + Exception Handling
-  + Iterators and Closures
-  + Garbage Collection
-  + Dynamic Loading of Object files(on some architecture)
-  + Highly Portable (works on many Unix-like/POSIX compatible platforms
-    as well as Windows, Mac OS X, BeOS etc.)
-    cf. http://redmine.ruby-lang.org/wiki/ruby-19/SupportedPlatforms
-
-
-* How to get Ruby
-
-The Ruby distribution files can be found in the following FTP site:
-
-  ftp://ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/
-
-The trunk of the Ruby source tree can be checked out with the
-following command:
-
-  $ svn co http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/trunk/ ruby
-
-There are some other branches under development.  Try the following
-command and see the list of branches:
-
-  $ svn ls http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/
-
-
-* Ruby home-page
-
-The URL of the Ruby home-page is:
-
-   http://www.ruby-lang.org/
-
-
-* Mailing list
-
-There is a mailing list to talk about Ruby.
-To subscribe this list, please send the following phrase
-
-	subscribe YourFirstName YourFamilyName
-e.g.
-        subscribe Joseph Smith
-
-in the mail body (not subject) to the address <ruby-talk-ctl@ruby-lang.org>.
-
-
-* How to compile and install
-
-This is what you need to do to compile and install Ruby:
-
-  1. If ./configure does not exist or is older than configure.in,
-     run autoconf to (re)generate configure.
-
-  2. Run ./configure, which will generate config.h and Makefile.
-
-     Some C compiler flags may be added by default depending on your
-     environment.  Specify optflags=.. and warnflags=.. as necessary
-     to override them.
-
-  3. Edit defines.h if you need.  Usually this step will not be needed.
-
-  4. Remove comment mark(#) before the module names from ext/Setup (or
-     add module names if not present), if you want to link modules
-     statically.
-
-     If you don't want to compile non static extension modules
-     (probably on architectures which does not allow dynamic loading),
-     remove comment mark from the line "#option nodynamic" in
-     ext/Setup.
-
-  5. Run make.
-
-  6. Optionally, run 'make test' to check whether the compiled Ruby
-     interpreter works well.  If you see the message "test succeeded",
-     your ruby works as it should (hopefully).
-
-  7. Run 'make install'
-
-     This command will create following directories and install files
-     onto them.
-
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/bin
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/gems/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/man/man1
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/ri/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/system
-
-     If Ruby's API version is `x.y.z', the ((|${MAJOR}|)) is `x', the
-     ((|${MINOR}|)) is `y', and the ((|${TEENY}|)) is `z'.
-
-     NOTE: teeny of the API version may be different from one of
-     Ruby's program version
-
-     You may have to be a super user to install ruby.
-
-If you fail to compile ruby, please send the detailed error report with
-the error log and machine/OS type, to help others.
-
-
-* Copying
-
-See the file COPYING.
-
-
-* The Author
-
-Feel free to send comments and bug reports to the author.  Here is the 
-author's latest mail address:
-
-  matz@netlab.jp
-
--------------------------------------------------------
-created at: Thu Aug  3 11:57:36 JST 1995
-Local variables:
-mode: indented-text
-end:
diff --git a/README.EXT b/README.EXT
index de63f54699..48b8d964c4 100644
--- a/README.EXT
+++ b/README.EXT
@@ -1,1469 +1 @@
-.\" README.EXT -  -*- Text -*- created at: Mon Aug  7 16:45:54 JST 1995
-
-This document explains how to make extension libraries for Ruby.
-
-1. Basic knowledge
-
-In C, variables have types and data do not have types.  In contrast,
-Ruby variables do not have a static type, and data themselves have
-types, so data will need to be converted between the languages.
-
-Data in Ruby are represented by the C type `VALUE'.  Each VALUE data
-has its data-type.
-
-To retrieve C data from a VALUE, you need to:
-
- (1) Identify the VALUE's data type
- (2) Convert the VALUE into C data
-
-Converting to the wrong data type may cause serious problems.
-
-
-1.1 Data-types
-
-The Ruby interpreter has the following data types:
-
-	T_NIL		nil
-	T_OBJECT	ordinary object
-	T_CLASS		class
-	T_MODULE	module
-	T_FLOAT		floating point number
-	T_STRING	string
-	T_REGEXP	regular expression
-	T_ARRAY		array
-	T_HASH		associative array
-	T_STRUCT	(Ruby) structure
-	T_BIGNUM	multi precision integer
-	T_FIXNUM	Fixnum(31bit or 63bit integer)
-	T_COMPLEX       complex number
-	T_RATIONAL      rational number
-	T_FILE		IO
-	T_TRUE		true
-	T_FALSE		false
-	T_DATA		data
-	T_SYMBOL        symbol
-
-In addition, there are several other types used internally:
-
-	T_ICLASS
-	T_MATCH
-	T_UNDEF
-	T_NODE
-	T_ZOMBIE
-
-Most of the types are represented by C structures.
-
-1.2 Check Data Type of the VALUE
-
-The macro TYPE() defined in ruby.h shows the data type of the VALUE.
-TYPE() returns the constant number T_XXXX described above.  To handle
-data types, your code will look something like this:
-
-  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
-    case T_FIXNUM:
-      /* process Fixnum */
-      break;
-    case T_STRING:
-      /* process String */
-      break;
-    case T_ARRAY:
-      /* process Array */
-      break;
-    default:
-      /* raise exception */
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "not valid value");
-      break;
-  }
-
-There is the data-type check function
-
-  void Check_Type(VALUE value, int type)
-
-which raises an exception if the VALUE does not have the type
-specified.
-
-There are also faster check macros for fixnums and nil.
-
-  FIXNUM_P(obj)
-  NIL_P(obj)
-
-1.3 Convert VALUE into C data
-
-The data for type T_NIL, T_FALSE, T_TRUE are nil, false, true
-respectively.  They are singletons for the data type.
-The equivalent C constants are: Qnil, Qfalse, Qtrue.
-Note that Qfalse is false in C also (i.e. 0), but not Qnil.
-
-The T_FIXNUM data is a 31bit or 63bit length fixed integer.
-This size is depend on the size of long: if long is 32bit then
-T_FIXNUM is 31bit, if long is 64bit then T_FIXNUM is 63bit.
-T_FIXNUM can be converted to a C integer by using the
-FIX2INT() macro or FIX2LONG().  Though you have to check that the
-data is really FIXNUM before using them, they are faster.  FIX2LONG()
-never raises exceptions, but FIX2INT() raises RangeError if the
-result is bigger or smaller than the size of int.
-There are also NUM2INT() and NUM2LONG() which converts any Ruby
-numbers into C integers.  These macros includes a type check,
-so an exception will be raised if the conversion failed.  NUM2DBL()
-can be used to retrieve the double float value in the same way.
-
-You can use the macros
-StringValue() and StringValuePtr() to get a char* from a VALUE.
-StringValue(var) replaces var's value with the result of "var.to_str()".
-StringValuePtr(var) does same replacement and returns char*
-representation of var.  These macros will skip the replacement if var
-is a String.  Notice that the macros take only the lvalue as their
-argument, to change the value of var in place.
-
-You can also use the macro named StringValueCStr(). This is just
-like StringValuePtr(), but always add nul character at the end of
-the result. If the result contains nul character, this macro causes
-the ArgumentError exception.
-StringValuePtr() doesn't guarantee the existence of a nul at the end
-of the result, and the result may contain nul.
-
-Other data types have corresponding C structures, e.g. struct RArray
-for T_ARRAY etc. The VALUE of the type which has the corresponding
-structure can be cast to retrieve the pointer to the struct.  The
-casting macro will be of the form RXXXX for each data type; for
-instance, RARRAY(obj).  See "ruby.h".
-
-There are some accessing macros for structure members, for example
-`RSTRING_LEN(str)' to get the size of the Ruby String object.  The
-allocated region can be accessed by `RSTRING_PTR(str)'.  For arrays,
-use `RARRAY_LEN(ary)' and `RARRAY_PTR(ary)' respectively.
-
-Notice: Do not change the value of the structure directly, unless you
-are responsible for the result.  This ends up being the cause of
-interesting bugs.
-
-1.4 Convert C data into VALUE
-
-To convert C data to Ruby values:
-
-  * FIXNUM
-
-    left shift 1 bit, and turn on LSB.
-
-  * Other pointer values
-
-    cast to VALUE.
-
-You can determine whether a VALUE is pointer or not by checking its LSB.  
-
-Notice Ruby does not allow arbitrary pointer values to be a VALUE.  They
-should be pointers to the structures which Ruby knows about.  The known
-structures are defined in <ruby.h>.
-
-To convert C numbers to Ruby values, use these macros.
-
-  INT2FIX()	for integers within 31bits.
-  INT2NUM()	for arbitrary sized integer.
-
-INT2NUM() converts an integer into a Bignum if it is out of the FIXNUM
-range, but is a bit slower.
-
-1.5 Manipulating Ruby data
-
-As I already mentioned, it is not recommended to modify an object's
-internal structure.  To manipulate objects, use the functions supplied
-by the Ruby interpreter. Some (not all) of the useful functions are
-listed below:
-
- String functions
-
-  rb_str_new(const char *ptr, long len)
-
-    Creates a new Ruby string.
-
-  rb_str_new2(const char *ptr)
-  rb_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr)
-
-    Creates a new Ruby string from a C string.  This is equivalent to
-    rb_str_new(ptr, strlen(ptr)).
-
-  rb_tainted_str_new(const char *ptr, long len)
-
-    Creates a new tainted Ruby string.  Strings from external data
-    sources should be tainted.
-
-  rb_tainted_str_new2(const char *ptr)
-  rb_tainted_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr)
-
-    Creates a new tainted Ruby string from a C string.
-
-  rb_sprintf(const char *format, ...)
-  rb_vsprintf(const char *format, va_list ap)
-
-    Creates a new Ruby string with printf(3) format.
-
-  rb_str_cat(VALUE str, const char *ptr, long len)
-
-    Appends len bytes of data from ptr to the Ruby string.
-
-  rb_str_cat2(VALUE str, const char* ptr)
-
-    Appends C string ptr to Ruby string str.  This function is
-    equivalent to rb_str_cat(str, ptr, strlen(ptr)).
-
-  rb_str_catf(VALUE str, const char* format, ...)
-  rb_str_vcatf(VALUE str, const char* format, va_list ap)
-
-    Appends C string format and successive arguments to Ruby string
-    str according to a printf-like format.  These functions are
-    equivalent to rb_str_cat2(str, rb_sprintf(format, ...)) and
-    rb_str_cat2(str, rb_vsprintf(format, ap)), respectively.
-
-  rb_enc_str_new(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc)
-  
-    Creates a new Ruby string with the specified encoding.
-     
-  rb_usascii_str_new(const char *ptr, long len)
-  rb_usascii_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr)
-
-    Creates a new Ruby string with encoding US-ASCII.
-
-  rb_str_resize(VALUE str, long len)
-
-    Resizes Ruby string to len bytes.  If str is not modifiable, this
-    function raises an exception.  The length of str must be set in
-    advance.  If len is less than the old length the content beyond
-    len bytes is discarded, else if len is greater than the old length
-    the content beyond the old length bytes will not be preserved but
-    will be garbage.  Note that RSTRING_PTR(str) may change by calling
-    this function.
-
-  rb_str_set_len(VALUE str, long len)
-
-    Sets the length of Ruby string.  If str is not modifiable, this
-    function raises an exception.  This function preserves the content
-    upto len bytes, regardless RSTRING_LEN(str).  len must not exceed
-    the capacity of str.
-
- Array functions
-
-  rb_ary_new()
-
-    Creates an array with no elements.
-
-  rb_ary_new2(long len)
-
-    Creates an array with no elements, allocating internal buffer
-    for len elements.
-
-  rb_ary_new3(long n, ...)
-
-    Creates an n-element array from the arguments.
-
-  rb_ary_new4(long n, VALUE *elts)
-
-    Creates an n-element array from a C array.
-
-  rb_ary_to_ary(VALUE obj)
-
-    Converts the object into an array.
-    Equivalent to Object#to_ary.
-
- There are many functions to operate an array.
- They may dump core if other types are given.
-
-  rb_ary_aref(argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
-
-    Equivaelent to Array#[].
-
-  rb_ary_entry(VALUE ary, long offset)
-
-    ary[offset]
-
-  rb_ary_subseq(VALUE ary, long beg, long len)
-
-    ary[beg, len]
-
-  rb_ary_push(VALUE ary, VALUE val)
-  rb_ary_pop(VALUE ary)
-  rb_ary_shift(VALUE ary)
-  rb_ary_unshift(VALUE ary, VALUE val)
-
-
-2. Extending Ruby with C
-
-2.1 Adding new features to Ruby
-
-You can add new features (classes, methods, etc.) to the Ruby
-interpreter.  Ruby provides APIs for defining the following things:
-
- * Classes, Modules
- * Methods, Singleton Methods
- * Constants
-
-2.1.1 Class/module definition
-
-To define a class or module, use the functions below:
-
-  VALUE rb_define_class(const char *name, VALUE super)
-  VALUE rb_define_module(const char *name)
-
-These functions return the newly created class or module.  You may
-want to save this reference into a variable to use later.
-
-To define nested classes or modules, use the functions below:
-
-  VALUE rb_define_class_under(VALUE outer, const char *name, VALUE super)
-  VALUE rb_define_module_under(VALUE outer, const char *name)
-
-2.1.2 Method/singleton method definition
-
-To define methods or singleton methods, use these functions:
-
-  void rb_define_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, 
-		        VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-  void rb_define_singleton_method(VALUE object, const char *name, 
-			          VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-The `argc' represents the number of the arguments to the C function,
-which must be less than 17.  But I doubt you'll need that many.
-
-If `argc' is negative, it specifies the calling sequence, not number of
-the arguments.  
-
-If argc is -1, the function will be called as:
-
-  VALUE func(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
-
-where argc is the actual number of arguments, argv is the C array of
-the arguments, and obj is the receiver.
-
-If argc is -2, the arguments are passed in a Ruby array. The function
-will be called like:
-
-  VALUE func(VALUE obj, VALUE args)
-
-where obj is the receiver, and args is the Ruby array containing
-actual arguments.
-
-There are some more functions to define methods. One takes an ID
-as the name of method to be defined. See 2.2.2 for IDs.
-
-  void rb_define_method_id(VALUE klass, ID name, 
-                           VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS), int argc)
-
-There are two functions to define private/protected methods:
-
-  void rb_define_private_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, 
-			        VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-  void rb_define_protected_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, 
-			          VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-At last, rb_define_module_function defines a module functions,
-which are private AND singleton methods of the module.
-For example, sqrt is the module function defined in Math module.
-It can be called in the following way:
-
-  Math.sqrt(4)
-
-or
-
-  include Math
-  sqrt(4)
-
-To define module functions, use:
-
-  void rb_define_module_function(VALUE module, const char *name, 
-				 VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-In addition, function-like methods, which are private methods defined
-in the Kernel module, can be defined using:
-
-  void rb_define_global_function(const char *name, VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-To define an alias for the method,
-
-  void rb_define_alias(VALUE module, const char* new, const char* old);
-
-To define a reader/writer for an attribute,
-
-  void rb_define_attr(VALUE klass, const char *name, int read, int write)
-
-To define and undefine the `allocate' class method,
-
-  void rb_define_alloc_func(VALUE klass, VALUE (*func)(VALUE klass));
-  void rb_undef_alloc_func(VALUE klass);
-
-func has to take the klass as the argument and return a newly
-allocated instance.  This instance should be as empty as possible,
-without any expensive (including external) resources.
-
-2.1.3 Constant definition
-
-We have 2 functions to define constants:
-
-  void rb_define_const(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE val)
-  void rb_define_global_const(const char *name, VALUE val)
-
-The former is to define a constant under specified class/module.  The
-latter is to define a global constant.
-
-2.2 Use Ruby features from C
-
-There are several ways to invoke Ruby's features from C code.
-
-2.2.1 Evaluate Ruby Programs in a String
-
-The easiest way to use Ruby's functionality from a C program is to
-evaluate the string as Ruby program.  This function will do the job:
-
-  VALUE rb_eval_string(const char *str)
-
-Evaluation is done under the current context, thus current local variables
-of the innermost method (which is defined by Ruby) can be accessed.
-
-Note that the evaluation can raise an exception. There is a safer 
-function:
-
-  VALUE rb_eval_string_protect(const char *str, int *state)
-
-It returns nil when an error occur. Moreover, *state is zero if str was
-successfully evaluated, or nonzero otherwise.
-
-
-2.2.2 ID or Symbol
-
-You can invoke methods directly, without parsing the string.  First I
-need to explain about ID.  ID is the integer number to represent
-Ruby's identifiers such as variable names.  The Ruby data type
-corresponding to ID is Symbol.  It can be accessed from Ruby in the
-form:
-
- :Identifier
-or
- :"any kind of string"
-
-You can get the ID value from a string within C code by using
-
-  rb_intern(const char *name)
-
-You can retrieve ID from Ruby object (Symbol or String) given as an
-argument by using
-
-  rb_to_id(VALUE symbol)
-
-You can convert C ID to Ruby Symbol by using
-
-  VALUE ID2SYM(ID id)
-
-and to convert Ruby Symbol object to ID, use
-
-  ID SYM2ID(VALUE symbol)
-
-2.2.3 Invoke Ruby method from C
-
-To invoke methods directly, you can use the function below
-
-  VALUE rb_funcall(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, ...)
-
-This function invokes a method on the recv, with the method name
-specified by the symbol mid.
-
-2.2.4 Accessing the variables and constants
-
-You can access class variables and instance variables using access
-functions.  Also, global variables can be shared between both
-environments.  There's no way to access Ruby's local variables.
-
-The functions to access/modify instance variables are below:
-
-  VALUE rb_ivar_get(VALUE obj, ID id)
-  VALUE rb_ivar_set(VALUE obj, ID id, VALUE val)
-
-id must be the symbol, which can be retrieved by rb_intern().
-
-To access the constants of the class/module:
-
-  VALUE rb_const_get(VALUE obj, ID id)
-
-See 2.1.3 for defining new constant.
-
-3. Information sharing between Ruby and C
-
-3.1 Ruby constants that C can be accessed from C
-
-As stated in section 1.3,
-the following Ruby constants can be referred from C.
-
-  Qtrue
-  Qfalse
-
-Boolean values.  Qfalse is false in C also (i.e. 0).
-
-  Qnil
-
-Ruby nil in C scope.
-
-3.2 Global variables shared between C and Ruby
-
-Information can be shared between the two environments using shared global
-variables.  To define them, you can use functions listed below:
-
-  void rb_define_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var)
-
-This function defines the variable which is shared by both environments.
-The value of the global variable pointed to by `var' can be accessed
-through Ruby's global variable named `name'.
-
-You can define read-only (from Ruby, of course) variables using the
-function below.
-
-  void rb_define_readonly_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var)
-
-You can defined hooked variables.  The accessor functions (getter and
-setter) are called on access to the hooked variables.
-
-  void rb_define_hooked_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var,
-				 VALUE (*getter)(), void (*setter)())
-
-If you need to supply either setter or getter, just supply 0 for the
-hook you don't need.  If both hooks are 0, rb_define_hooked_variable()
-works just like rb_define_variable().
-
-The prototypes of the getter and setter functions are as follows:
-
-  VALUE (*getter)(ID id, VALUE *var);
-  void (*setter)(VALUE val, ID id, VALUE *var);
-
-
-Also you can define a Ruby global variable without a corresponding C
-variable.  The value of the variable will be set/get only by hooks.
-
-  void rb_define_virtual_variable(const char *name,
-				  VALUE (*getter)(), void (*setter)())
-
-The prototypes of the getter and setter functions are as follows:
-
-  VALUE (*getter)(ID id);
-  void (*setter)(VALUE val, ID id);
-
-
-3.3 Encapsulate C data into a Ruby object
-
-To wrap and objectify a C pointer as a Ruby object (so called
-DATA), use Data_Wrap_Struct().
-
-  Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, mark, free, ptr)
-
-Data_Wrap_Struct() returns a created DATA object.  The klass argument
-is the class for the DATA object.  The mark argument is the function
-to mark Ruby objects pointed by this data.  The free argument is the
-function to free the pointer allocation.  If this is -1, the pointer
-will be just freed.  The functions mark and free will be called from
-garbage collector.
-
-These mark / free functions are invoked during GC execution.  No
-object allocations are allowed during it, so do not allocate ruby
-objects inside them.
-
-You can allocate and wrap the structure in one step.
-
-  Data_Make_Struct(klass, type, mark, free, sval)
-
-This macro returns an allocated Data object, wrapping the pointer to
-the structure, which is also allocated.  This macro works like:
-
-  (sval = ALLOC(type), Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, mark, free, sval))
-
-Arguments klass, mark, and free work like their counterparts in
-Data_Wrap_Struct().  A pointer to the allocated structure will be
-assigned to sval, which should be a pointer of the type specified.
-
-To retrieve the C pointer from the Data object, use the macro
-Data_Get_Struct().
-
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, type, sval)
-
-A pointer to the structure will be assigned to the variable sval.
-
-See the example below for details. 
-
-4. Example - Creating dbm extension
-
-OK, here's the example of making an extension library.  This is the
-extension to access DBMs.  The full source is included in the ext/
-directory in the Ruby's source tree.
-
-(1) make the directory
-
-  % mkdir ext/dbm
-
-Make a directory for the extension library under ext directory.
-
-(2) design the library
-
-You need to design the library features, before making it.
-
-(3) write C code.
-
-You need to write C code for your extension library.  If your library
-has only one source file, choosing ``LIBRARY.c'' as a file name is
-preferred.  On the other hand, in case your library has multiple source
-files, avoid choosing ``LIBRARY.c'' for a file name.  It may conflict
-with an intermediate file ``LIBRARY.o'' on some platforms.
-Note that some functions in mkmf library described below generate
-a file ``conftest.c'' for checking with compilation.  You shouldn't
-choose ``conftest.c'' as a name of a source file.
-
-Ruby will execute the initializing function named ``Init_LIBRARY'' in
-the library.  For example, ``Init_dbm()'' will be executed when loading
-the library.
-
-Here's the example of an initializing function.
-
---
-void
-Init_dbm(void)
-{
-    /* define DBM class */
-    cDBM = rb_define_class("DBM", rb_cObject);
-    /* DBM includes Enumerate module */
-    rb_include_module(cDBM, rb_mEnumerable);
-
-    /* DBM has class method open(): arguments are received as C array */
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cDBM, "open", fdbm_s_open, -1);
-
-    /* DBM instance method close(): no args */
-    rb_define_method(cDBM, "close", fdbm_close, 0);
-    /* DBM instance method []: 1 argument */
-    rb_define_method(cDBM, "[]", fdbm_fetch, 1);
-		:
-
-    /* ID for a instance variable to store DBM data */
-    id_dbm = rb_intern("dbm");
-}
---
-
-The dbm extension wraps the dbm struct in the C environment using 
-Data_Make_Struct.
-
---
-struct dbmdata {
-    int  di_size;
-    DBM *di_dbm;
-};
-
-
-obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, struct dbmdata, 0, free_dbm, dbmp);
---
-
-This code wraps the dbmdata structure into a Ruby object.  We avoid
-wrapping DBM* directly, because we want to cache size information.
-
-To retrieve the dbmdata structure from a Ruby object, we define the
-following macro:
-
---
-#define GetDBM(obj, dbmp) {\
-    Data_Get_Struct(obj, struct dbmdata, dbmp);\
-    if (dbmp->di_dbm == 0) closed_dbm();\
-}
---
-
-This sort of complicated macro does the retrieving and close checking for
-the DBM.
-
-There are three kinds of way to receive method arguments.  First,
-methods with a fixed number of arguments receive arguments like this:
-
---
-static VALUE
-fdbm_delete(VALUE obj, VALUE keystr)
-{
-	:
-}
---
-
-The first argument of the C function is the self, the rest are the
-arguments to the method.
-
-Second, methods with an arbitrary number of arguments receive
-arguments like this:
-
---
-static VALUE
-fdbm_s_open(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
-{
-	:
-    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &file, &vmode) == 1) {
-	mode = 0666;		/* default value */
-    }
-	:
-}
---
-
-The first argument is the number of method arguments, the second
-argument is the C array of the method arguments, and the third
-argument is the receiver of the method.
-
-You can use the function rb_scan_args() to check and retrieve the
-arguments.  The third argument is a string that specifies how to
-capture method arguments and assign them to the following VALUE
-references.
-
-
-The following is an example of a method that takes arguments by Ruby's
-array:
-
---
-static VALUE
-thread_initialize(VALUE thread, VALUE args)
-{
-	:
-}
---
-
-The first argument is the receiver, the second one is the Ruby array
-which contains the arguments to the method.
-
-** Notice
-
-GC should know about global variables which refer to Ruby's objects, but
-are not exported to the Ruby world.  You need to protect them by
-
-  void rb_global_variable(VALUE *var)
-
-(4) prepare extconf.rb
-
-If the file named extconf.rb exists, it will be executed to generate
-Makefile.
-
-extconf.rb is the file for checking compilation conditions etc.  You
-need to put
-
-  require 'mkmf'
-
-at the top of the file.  You can use the functions below to check
-various conditions.
-
-  have_library(lib, func): check whether library containing function exists.
-  have_func(func, header): check whether function exists
-  have_header(header): check whether header file exists
-  create_makefile(target): generate Makefile
-
-The value of the variables below will affect the Makefile.
-
-  $CFLAGS: included in CFLAGS make variable (such as -O)
-  $CPPFLAGS: included in CPPFLAGS make variable (such as -I, -D)
-  $LDFLAGS: included in LDFLAGS make variable (such as -L)
-  $objs: list of object file names
-
-Normally, the object files list is automatically generated by searching
-source files, but you must define them explicitly if any sources will
-be generated while building.
-
-If a compilation condition is not fulfilled, you should not call
-``create_makefile''.  The Makefile will not be generated, compilation will
-not be done.
-
-(5) prepare depend (optional)
-
-If the file named depend exists, Makefile will include that file to
-check dependencies.  You can make this file by invoking
-
-  % gcc -MM *.c > depend
-
-It's harmless.  Prepare it.
-
-(6) generate Makefile
-
-Try generating the Makefile by:
-
-  ruby extconf.rb
-
-If the library should be installed under vendor_ruby directory
-instead of site_ruby directory, use --vendor option as follows.
-
-  ruby extconf.rb --vendor
-
-You don't need this step if you put the extension library under the ext
-directory of the ruby source tree.  In that case, compilation of the
-interpreter will do this step for you.
-
-(7) make
-
-Type
-
-  make
-
-to compile your extension.  You don't need this step either if you have
-put the extension library under the ext directory of the ruby source tree.
-
-(8) debug
-
-You may need to rb_debug the extension.  Extensions can be linked
-statically by adding the directory name in the ext/Setup file so that
-you can inspect the extension with the debugger.
-
-(9) done, now you have the extension library
-
-You can do anything you want with your library.  The author of Ruby
-will not claim any restrictions on your code depending on the Ruby API.
-Feel free to use, modify, distribute or sell your program.
-
-Appendix A. Ruby source files overview
-
-ruby language core
-
-  class.c         : classes and modules
-  error.c         : exception classes and exception mechanism
-  gc.c            : memory management
-  load.c          : library loading
-  object.c        : objects
-  variable.c      : variables and constants
-
-ruby syntax parser
-  parse.y
-    -> parse.c    : automatically generated
-  keywords        : reserved keywords
-    -> lex.c      : automatically generated
-
-ruby evaluator (a.k.a. YARV)
-  compile.c
-  eval.c
-  eval_error.c
-  eval_jump.c
-  eval_safe.c
-  insns.def           : definition of VM instructions
-  iseq.c              : implementation of VM::ISeq
-  thread.c            : thread management and context swiching
-  thread_win32.c      : thread implementation
-  thread_pthread.c    : ditto
-  vm.c
-  vm_dump.c
-  vm_eval.c
-  vm_exec.c
-  vm_insnhelper.c
-  vm_method.c
-
-  opt_insns_unif.def  : instruction unification
-  opt_operand.def     : definitions for optimization
-
-    -> insn*.inc      : automatically generated
-    -> opt*.inc       : automatically generated
-    -> vm.inc         : automatically generated
-
-regular expression engine (oniguruma)
-  regex.c
-  regcomp.c
-  regenc.c
-  regerror.c
-  regexec.c
-  regparse.c
-  regsyntax.c
-
-utility functions
-
-  debug.c       : debug symbols for C debuggger
-  dln.c         : dynamic loading
-  st.c          : general purpose hash table
-  strftime.c    : formatting times
-  util.c        : misc utilities
-
-ruby interpreter implementation
-
-  dmyext.c
-  dmydln.c 
-  dmyencoding.c
-  id.c
-  inits.c
-  main.c
-  ruby.c
-  version.c
-
-  gem_prelude.rb
-  prelude.rb
-
-
-class library
-
-  array.c       : Array
-  bignum.c      : Bignum
-  compar.c      : Comparable
-  complex.c     : Complex
-  cont.c        : Fiber, Continuation
-  dir.c         : Dir
-  enum.c        : Enumerable
-  enumerator.c  : Enumerator
-  file.c        : File
-  hash.c        : Hash
-  io.c          : IO
-  marshal.c     : Marshal
-  math.c        : Math
-  numeric.c     : Numeric, Integer, Fixnum, Float
-  pack.c        : Array#pack, String#unpack
-  proc.c        : Binding, Proc
-  process.c     : Process
-  random.c      : random number
-  range.c       : Range
-  rational.c    : Rational
-  re.c          : Regexp, MatchData
-  signal.c      : Signal
-  sprintf.c     : 
-  string.c      : String
-  struct.c      : Struct
-  time.c        : Time
-
-  defs/known_errors.def  : Errno::* exception classes
-    -> known_errors.inc  : automatically generated
-
-multilingualization
-  encoding.c    : Encoding
-  transcode.c   : Encoding::Converter
-  enc/*.c       : encoding classes
-  enc/trans/*   : codepoint mapping tables
-
-goruby interpreter implementation
-  
-  goruby.c
-  golf_prelude.rb     : goruby specific libraries.
-    -> golf_prelude.c : automatically generated
-
-
-Appendix B. Ruby extension API reference
-
-** Types
-
- VALUE
-
-The type for the Ruby object.  Actual structures are defined in ruby.h,
-such as struct RString, etc.  To refer the values in structures, use
-casting macros like RSTRING(obj).
-
-** Variables and constants
-
- Qnil
-
-const: nil object
-
- Qtrue
-
-const: true object(default true value)
-
- Qfalse
-
-const: false object
-
-** C pointer wrapping
-
- Data_Wrap_Struct(VALUE klass, void (*mark)(), void (*free)(), void *sval)
-
-Wrap a C pointer into a Ruby object.  If object has references to other
-Ruby objects, they should be marked by using the mark function during
-the GC process.  Otherwise, mark should be 0.  When this object is no
-longer referred by anywhere, the pointer will be discarded by free
-function.
-
- Data_Make_Struct(klass, type, mark, free, sval)
-
-This macro allocates memory using malloc(), assigns it to the variable
-sval, and returns the DATA encapsulating the pointer to memory region.
-
- Data_Get_Struct(data, type, sval)
-
-This macro retrieves the pointer value from DATA, and assigns it to
-the variable sval. 
-
-** Checking data types
-
-TYPE(value)
-FIXNUM_P(value)
-NIL_P(value)
-void Check_Type(VALUE value, int type)
-void Check_SafeStr(VALUE value)
-
-** Data type conversion
-
-FIX2INT(value), INT2FIX(i)
-FIX2LONG(value), LONG2FIX(l)
-NUM2INT(value), INT2NUM(i)
-NUM2UINT(value), UINT2NUM(ui)
-NUM2LONG(value), LONG2NUM(l)
-NUM2ULONG(value), ULONG2NUM(ul)
-NUM2LL(value), LL2NUM(ll)
-NUM2ULL(value), ULL2NUM(ull)
-NUM2OFFT(value), OFFT2NUM(off)
-NUM2SIZET(value), SIZET2NUM(size)
-NUM2SSIZET(value), SSIZET2NUM(ssize)
-NUM2DBL(value)
-rb_float_new(f)
-StringValue(value)
-StringValuePtr(value)
-StringValueCStr(value)
-rb_str_new2(s)
-
-** defining class/module
-
- VALUE rb_define_class(const char *name, VALUE super)
-
-Defines a new Ruby class as a subclass of super.
-
- VALUE rb_define_class_under(VALUE module, const char *name, VALUE super)
-
-Creates a new Ruby class as a subclass of super, under the module's
-namespace.
-
- VALUE rb_define_module(const char *name)
-
-Defines a new Ruby module.
-
- VALUE rb_define_module_under(VALUE module, const char *name)
-
-Defines a new Ruby module under the module's namespace.
-
- void rb_include_module(VALUE klass, VALUE module)
-
-Includes module into class.  If class already includes it, just
-ignored.
-
- void rb_extend_object(VALUE object, VALUE module)
-
-Extend the object with the module's attributes.
-
-** Defining Global Variables
-
- void rb_define_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var)
-
-Defines a global variable which is shared between C and Ruby.  If name
-contains a character which is not allowed to be part of the symbol,
-it can't be seen from Ruby programs.
-
- void rb_define_readonly_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var)
-
-Defines a read-only global variable.  Works just like
-rb_define_variable(), except the defined variable is read-only.
-
- void rb_define_virtual_variable(const char *name,
-				 VALUE (*getter)(), VALUE (*setter)())
-
-Defines a virtual variable, whose behavior is defined by a pair of C
-functions.  The getter function is called when the variable is
-referenced.  The setter function is called when the variable is set to a
-value.  The prototype for getter/setter functions are:
-
-	VALUE getter(ID id)
-	void setter(VALUE val, ID id)
-
-The getter function must return the value for the access.
-
- void rb_define_hooked_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var,
-				VALUE (*getter)(), VALUE (*setter)())
-
-Defines hooked variable.  It's a virtual variable with a C variable.  
-The getter is called as
-
-	VALUE getter(ID id, VALUE *var)
-
-returning a new value.  The setter is called as
-
-	void setter(VALUE val, ID id, VALUE *var)
-
-GC requires C global variables which hold Ruby values to be marked.
-
- void rb_global_variable(VALUE *var)
-
-Tells GC to protect these variables.
-
-** Constant Definition
-
- void rb_define_const(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE val)
-
-Defines a new constant under the class/module.
-
- void rb_define_global_const(const char *name, VALUE val)
-
-Defines a global constant.  This is just the same as
-
-     rb_define_const(cKernal, name, val)
-
-** Method Definition
-
- rb_define_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-Defines a method for the class.  func is the function pointer.  argc
-is the number of arguments.  if argc is -1, the function will receive
-3 arguments: argc, argv, and self.  if argc is -2, the function will
-receive 2 arguments, self and args, where args is a Ruby array of
-the method arguments.
-
- rb_define_private_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-Defines a private method for the class.  Arguments are same as
-rb_define_method().
-
- rb_define_singleton_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-Defines a singleton method.  Arguments are same as rb_define_method().
-
- rb_scan_args(int argc, VALUE *argv, const char *fmt, ...)
-
-Retrieve argument from argc and argv to given VALUE references
-according to the format string.  The format can be described in ABNF
-as follows:
-
---
-scan-arg-spec  := param-arg-spec [option-hash-arg-spec] [block-arg-spec]
-
-param-arg-spec := pre-arg-spec [post-arg-spec] / post-arg-spec / pre-opt-post-arg-spec
-pre-arg-spec   := num-of-leading-mandatory-args [num-of-optional-args]
-post-arg-spec  := sym-for-variable-length-args [num-of-trailing-mandatory-args]
-pre-opt-post-arg-spec := num-of-leading-mandatory-args num-of-optional-args num-of-trailing-mandatory-args
-option-hash-arg-spec := sym-for-option-hash-arg
-block-arg-spec := sym-for-block-arg
-
-num-of-leading-mandatory-args  := DIGIT ; The number of leading
-                                        ; mandatory arguments
-num-of-optional-args           := DIGIT ; The number of optional
-                                        ; arguments
-sym-for-variable-length-args   := "*"   ; Indicates that variable
-                                        ; length arguments are
-                                        ; captured as a ruby array
-num-of-trailing-mandatory-args := DIGIT ; The number of trailing
-                                        ; mandatory arguments
-sym-for-option-hash-arg        := ":"   ; Indicates that an option
-                                        ; hash is captured if the last
-                                        ; argument is a hash or can be
-                                        ; converted to a hash with
-                                        ; #to_hash.  When the last
-                                        ; argument is nil, it is
-                                        ; captured if it is not
-                                        ; ambiguous to take it as
-                                        ; empty option hash; i.e. '*'
-                                        ; is not specified and
-                                        ; arguments are given more
-                                        ; than sufficient.
-sym-for-block-arg              := "&"   ; Indicates that an iterator
-                                        ; block should be captured if
-                                        ; given
---
-
-For example, "12" means that the method requires at least one
-argument, and at most receives three (1+2) arguments.  So, the format
-string must be followed by three variable references, which are to be
-assigned to captured arguments.  For omitted arguments, variables are
-set to Qnil.  NULL can be put in place of a variable reference, which
-means the corresponding captured argument(s) should be just dropped.
-
-The number of given arguments, excluding an option hash or iterator
-block, is returned.
-
-** Invoking Ruby method
-
- VALUE rb_funcall(VALUE recv, ID mid, int narg, ...)
-
-Invokes a method.  To retrieve mid from a method name, use rb_intern().
-
- VALUE rb_funcall2(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, VALUE *argv)
-
-Invokes a method, passing arguments by an array of values.
-
- VALUE rb_eval_string(const char *str)
-
-Compiles and executes the string as a Ruby program.
-
- ID rb_intern(const char *name)
-
-Returns ID corresponding to the name.
-
- char *rb_id2name(ID id)
-
-Returns the name corresponding ID.
-
- char *rb_class2name(VALUE klass)
-
-Returns the name of the class.
-
- int rb_respond_to(VALUE object, ID id)
-
-Returns true if the object responds to the message specified by id.
-
-** Instance Variables
-
- VALUE rb_iv_get(VALUE obj, const char *name)
-
-Retrieve the value of the instance variable.  If the name is not
-prefixed by `@', that variable shall be inaccessible from Ruby.
-
- VALUE rb_iv_set(VALUE obj, const char *name, VALUE val)
-
-Sets the value of the instance variable.
-
-** Control Structure
-
- VALUE rb_block_call(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, VALUE * argv,
-		     VALUE (*func) (ANYARGS), VALUE data2)
-
-Calls a method on the recv, with the method name specified by the
-symbol mid, with argc arguments in argv, supplying func as the
-block. When func is called as the block, it will receive the value
-from yield as the first argument, and data2 as the second argument.
-When yielded with multiple values (in C, rb_yield_values(),
-rb_yield_values2() and rb_yield_splat()), data2 is packed as an Array,
-whereas yielded values can be gotten via argc/argv of the third/fourth
-arguments.
-
- [OBSOLETE] VALUE rb_iterate(VALUE (*func1)(), void *arg1, VALUE (*func2)(), void *arg2)
-
-Calls the function func1, supplying func2 as the block.  func1 will be
-called with the argument arg1.  func2 receives the value from yield as
-the first argument, arg2 as the second argument.
- 
-When rb_iterate is used in 1.9, func1 has to call some Ruby-level method.
-This function is obsolete since 1.9; use rb_block_call instead.
-
- VALUE rb_yield(VALUE val)
-
-Evaluates the block with value val.
-
- VALUE rb_rescue(VALUE (*func1)(), VALUE arg1, VALUE (*func2)(), VALUE arg2)
-
-Calls the function func1, with arg1 as the argument.  If an exception
-occurs during func1, it calls func2 with arg2 as the argument.  The
-return value of rb_rescue() is the return value from func1 if no
-exception occurs, from func2 otherwise.
-
- VALUE rb_ensure(VALUE (*func1)(), VALUE arg1, VALUE (*func2)(), VALUE arg2)
-
-Calls the function func1 with arg1 as the argument, then calls func2
-with arg2 if execution terminated.  The return value from
-rb_ensure() is that of func1 when no exception occured.
-
- VALUE rb_protect(VALUE (*func) (VALUE), VALUE arg, int *state)
-
-Calls the function func with arg as the argument.  If no exception
-occured during func, it returns the result of func and *state is zero.
-Otherwise, it returns Qnil and sets *state to nonzero.  If state is
-NULL, it is not set in both cases.
-
- void rb_jump_tag(int state)
-
-Continues the exception caught by rb_protect() and rb_eval_string_protect().
-state must be the returned value from those functions.  This function
-never return to the caller.
-
-** Exceptions and Errors
-
- void rb_warn(const char *fmt, ...)
-
-Prints a warning message according to a printf-like format.
-
- void rb_warning(const char *fmt, ...)
-
-Prints a warning message according to a printf-like format, if
-$VERBOSE is true.
-
-void rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, const char *fmt, ...)
-
-Raises RuntimeError.  The fmt is a format string just like printf().
-
- void rb_raise(VALUE exception, const char *fmt, ...)
-
-Raises a class exception.  The fmt is a format string just like printf().
-
- void rb_fatal(const char *fmt, ...)
-
-Raises a fatal error, terminates the interpreter.  No exception handling
-will be done for fatal errors, but ensure blocks will be executed.
-
- void rb_bug(const char *fmt, ...)
-
-Terminates the interpreter immediately.  This function should be
-called under the situation caused by the bug in the interpreter.  No
-exception handling nor ensure execution will be done.
-
-** Initialize and Start the Interpreter
-
-The embedding API functions are below (not needed for extension libraries):
-
- void ruby_init()
-
-Initializes the interpreter.
-
- void ruby_options(int argc, char **argv)
-
-Process command line arguments for the interpreter.
-
- void ruby_run()
-
-Starts execution of the interpreter.
-
- void ruby_script(char *name)
-
-Specifies the name of the script ($0).
-
-** Hooks for the Interpreter Events
-
- void rb_add_event_hook(rb_event_hook_func_t func, rb_event_flag_t events, VALUE data)
-
-Adds a hook function for the specified interpreter events.
-events should be Or'ed value of:
-
-	RUBY_EVENT_LINE
-	RUBY_EVENT_CLASS
-	RUBY_EVENT_END
-	RUBY_EVENT_CALL
-	RUBY_EVENT_RETURN
-	RUBY_EVENT_C_CALL
-	RUBY_EVENT_C_RETURN
-	RUBY_EVENT_RAISE
-	RUBY_EVENT_ALL
-
-The definition of rb_event_hook_func_t is below:
-
- typedef void (*rb_event_hook_func_t)(rb_event_t event, VALUE data,
- 				      VALUE self, ID id, VALUE klass)
-
-The third argument `data' to rb_add_event_hook() is passed to the hook
-function as the second argument, which was the pointer to the current
-NODE in 1.8.  See RB_EVENT_HOOKS_HAVE_CALLBACK_DATA below.
-
- int rb_remove_event_hook(rb_event_hook_func_t func)
-
-Removes the specified hook function.
-
-** Macros for the Compatibilities
-
-Some macros to check API compatibilities are available by default.
-
- NORETURN_STYLE_NEW
-
-Means that NORETURN macro is functional style instead of prefix.
-
- HAVE_RB_DEFINE_ALLOC_FUNC
-
-Means that function rb_define_alloc_func() is provided, that means the
-allocation framework is used.  This is same as the result of
-have_func("rb_define_alloc_func", "ruby.h").
-
- HAVE_RB_REG_NEW_STR
-
-Means that function rb_reg_new_str() is provided, that creates Regexp
-object from String object.  This is same as the result of
-have_func("rb_reg_new_str", "ruby.h").
-
- HAVE_RB_IO_T
-
-Means that type rb_io_t is provided.
-
- USE_SYMBOL_AS_METHOD_NAME
-
-Means that Symbols will be returned as method names, e.g.,
-Module#methods, #singleton_methods and so on.
-
- HAVE_RUBY_*_H
-
-Defined in ruby.h and means correspoinding header is available.  For
-instance, when HAVE_RUBY_ST_H is defined you should use ruby/st.h not
-mere st.h.
-
- RB_EVENT_HOOKS_HAVE_CALLBACK_DATA
-
-Means that rb_add_event_hook() takes the third argument `data', to be
-passed to the given event hook function.
-
-Appendix C. Functions Available in extconf.rb
-
-These functions are available in extconf.rb:
-
- have_macro(macro, headers)
-
-Checks whether macro is defined with header.  Returns true if the macro
-is defined.
-
- have_library(lib, func)
-
-Checks whether the library exists, containing the specified function.
-Returns true if the library exists.
-
- find_library(lib, func, path...)
-
-Checks whether a library which contains the specified function exists in
-path.  Returns true if the library exists.
-
- have_func(func, header)
-
-Checks whether func exists with header.  Returns true if the function
-exists.  To check functions in an additional library, you need to
-check that library first using have_library().
-
- have_var(var, header)
-
-Checks whether var exists with header.  Returns true if the variable
-exists.  To check variables in an additional library, you need to
-check that library first using have_library().
-
- have_header(header)
-
-Checks whether header exists.  Returns true if the header file exists.
-
- find_header(header, path...)
-
-Checks whether header exists in path.  Returns true if the header file
-exists.
-
- have_struct_member(type, member, header)
-
-Checks whether type has member with header.  Returns true if the type
-is defined and has the member.
-
- have_type(type, header, opt)
-
-Checks whether type is defined with header.  Returns true if the type
-is defined.
-
- check_sizeof(type, header)
-
-Checks the size of type in char with header.  Returns the size if the
-type is defined, otherwise nil.
-
- create_makefile(target)
-
-Generates the Makefile for the extension library.  If you don't invoke
-this method, the compilation will not be done.
-
- find_executable(bin, path)
-
-Finds command in path, which is File::PATH_SEPARATOR-separated list of
-directories.  If path is nil or omitted, environment variable PATH
-will be used.  Returns the path name of the command if it is found,
-otherwise nil.
-
- with_config(withval[, default=nil])
-
-Parses the command line options and returns the value specified by
---with-<withval>.
-
- enable_config(config, *defaults)
- disable_config(config, *defaults)
-
-Parses the command line options for boolean.  Returns true if
---enable-<config> is given, or false if --disable-<config> is given.
-Otherwise, yields defaults to the given block and returns the result
-if it is called with a block, or returns defaults.
-
- dir_config(target[, default_dir])
- dir_config(target[, default_include, default_lib])
-
-Parses the command line options and adds the directories specified by
---with-<target>-dir, --with-<target>-include, and/or --with-<target>-lib
-to $CFLAGS and/or $LDFLAGS.  --with-<target>-dir=/path is equivalent to
---with-<target>-include=/path/include --with-<target>-lib=/path/lib.
-Returns an array of the added directories ([include_dir, lib_dir]).
-
- pkg_config(pkg)
-
-Obtains the information for pkg by pkg-config command.  The actual
-command name can be overridden by --with-pkg-config command line
-option.
-
-/*
- * Local variables:
- * fill-column: 70
- * end:
- */
+Moved to doc/extension.rdoc
diff --git a/README.EXT.ja b/README.EXT.ja
index f2d7609ff5..f884ecbb0e 100644
--- a/README.EXT.ja
+++ b/README.EXT.ja
@@ -1,1570 +1 @@
-.\" README.EXT.ja -  -*- Text -*- created at: Mon Aug  7 16:45:54 JST 1995
-
-Ruby�γ�ĥ�饤�֥��κ�������������ޤ���
-
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-
-VALUE����C�ˤȤäư�̣�Τ���ǡ�������Ф�����ˤ�
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- (1) VALUE�Υǡ��������פ��Τ�
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-�ơ��ǰ��ץ�����बcore dump���ޤ���
-
-1.1 �ǡ���������
-
-Ruby�ˤϥ桼�����Ȥ���ǽ���Τ���ʲ��Υ����פ�����ޤ���
-
-	T_NIL		nil
-	T_OBJECT	�̾�Υ��֥�������
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-	T_MODULE	�⥸�塼��
-	T_FLOAT		��ư��������
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-	T_HASH		Ϣ������
-	T_STRUCT	(Ruby��)��¤��
-	T_BIGNUM	¿��Ĺ����
-	T_FIXNUM	Fixnum(31bit�ޤ���63bitĹ����)
-	T_COMPLEX	ʣ�ǿ�
-	T_RATIONAL	ͭ����
-	T_FILE		������
-	T_TRUE		��
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-	T_DATA		�ǡ���
-	T_SYMBOL	����ܥ�
-
-����¾�����������Ѥ���Ƥ���ʲ��Υ����פ�����ޤ���
-
-	T_ICLASS
-	T_MATCH
-	T_UNDEF
-	T_NODE
-	T_ZOMBIE
-
-�ۤȤ�ɤΥ����פ�C�ι�¤�ΤǼ�������Ƥ��ޤ���
-
-1.2 VALUE�Υǡ��������פ�����å�����
-
-ruby.h�Ǥ�TYPE()�Ȥ����ޥ������������Ƥ��ơ�VALUE�Υǡ���
-�����פ��Τ뤳�Ȥ�����ޤ���TYPE()�ޥ����Ͼ�ǾҲ𤷤�T_XXXX
-�η�����������֤��ޤ���VALUE�Υǡ��������פ˱����ƽ�������
-���ˤϡ�TYPE()���ͤ�ʬ�����뤳�Ȥˤʤ�ޤ���
-
-  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
-    case T_FIXNUM:
-      /* FIXNUM�ν��� */
-      break;
-    case T_STRING:
-      /* ʸ����ν��� */
-      break;
-    case T_ARRAY:
-      /* ����ν��� */
-      break;
-    default:
-      /* �㳰��ȯ�������� */
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "not valid value");
-      break;
-  }
-
-����ȥǡ��������פ�����å����ơ��������ʤ�����㳰��ȯ����
-��ؿ����Ѱդ���Ƥ��ޤ���
-
-  void Check_Type(VALUE value, int type)
-
-���δؿ���value��type��̵����С��㳰��ȯ�������ޤ���������
-����Ϳ����줿VALUE�Υǡ��������פ����������ɤ��������å���
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-
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-
-  FIXNUM_P(obj)
-  NIL_P(obj)
-
-1.3 VALUE��C�Υǡ������Ѵ�����
-
-�ǡ��������פ�T_NIL��T_FALSE��T_TRUE�Ǥ�������ǡ����Ϥ��줾
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-��Ȥ��ޤ���
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-�Ǥ���в��⤻���������Ǥʤ���� var �� var.to_str() �η��
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-{
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-
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-		:
-
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-}
---
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-
---
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-
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---
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-}
---
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-{
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---
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-{
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-	:
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---
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-
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-
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-  debug.c       : C�ǥХå��ѤΥǥХå�����ܥ�
-  dln.c         : ưŪ�����ǥ���
-  st.c          : ���ѥϥå���ɽ
-  strftime.c    : ��������
-  util.c        : ����¾�Υ桼�ƥ���ƥ�
-
-Ruby���ޥ�ɤμ���
-
-  dmyext.c
-  dmydln.c
-  dmyencoding.c
-  id.c
-  inits.c
-  main.c
-  ruby.c
-  version.c
-
-  gem_prelude.rb
-  prelude.rb
-
-���饹�饤�֥��
-
-  array.c       : Array
-  bignum.c      : Bignum
-  compar.c      : Comparable
-  complex.c     : Complex
-  cont.c        : Fiber, Continuation
-  dir.c         : Dir
-  enum.c        : Enumerable
-  enumerator.c  : Enumerator
-  file.c        : File
-  hash.c        : Hash
-  io.c          : IO
-  marshal.c     : Marshal
-  math.c        : Math
-  numeric.c     : Numeric, Integer, Fixnum, Float
-  pack.c        : Array#pack, String#unpack
-  proc.c        : Binding, Proc
-  process.c     : Process
-  random.c      : ���
-  range.c       : Range
-  rational.c    : Rational
-  re.c          : Regexp, MatchData
-  signal.c      : Signal
-  sprintf.c     : 
-  string.c      : String
-  struct.c      : Struct
-  time.c        : Time
-
-  defs/known_errors.def  : �㳰���饹 Errno::*
-    -> known_errors.inc  : ��ư����
-
-¿���첽
-  encoding.c    : Encoding
-  transcode.c   : Encoding::Converter
-  enc/*.c       : ���󥳡��ǥ��󥰥��饹��
-  enc/trans/*   : �����ɥݥ�����б�ɽ
-
-goruby���ޥ�ɤμ���
-  
-  goruby.c
-  golf_prelude.rb      : goruby��ͭ�Υ饤�֥��
-    -> golf_prelude.c  : ��ư����
-
-
-Appendix B. ��ĥ�Ѵؿ���ե����
-
-C���줫��Ruby�ε�ǽ�����Ѥ���API�ϰʲ����̤�Ǥ��롥
-
-** ��
-
-VALUE
-
-  Ruby���֥������Ȥ�ɽ�����뷿��ɬ�פ˱����ƥ��㥹�Ȥ����Ѥ��롥
-  �Ȥ߹��߷���ɽ������C�η���ruby.h�˵��Ҥ��Ƥ���R�ǻϤޤ빽¤
-  �ΤǤ��롥VALUE���򤳤��˥��㥹�Ȥ��뤿���R�ǻϤޤ빽¤��
-  ̾��������ʸ���ˤ���̾���Υޥ������Ѱդ���Ƥ��롥
-
-** �ѿ������
-
-Qnil
-
-  ���: nil���֥�������
-
-Qtrue
-
-  ���: true���֥�������(���Υǥե������)
-
-Qfalse
-
-  ���: false���֥�������
-
-** C�ǡ����Υ��ץ��벽
-
-Data_Wrap_Struct(VALUE klass, void (*mark)(), void (*free)(), void *sval)
-
-  C��Ǥ�դΥݥ��󥿤򥫥ץ��벽����Ruby���֥������Ȥ��֤�����
-  �Υݥ��󥿤�Ruby���饢����������ʤ��ʤä�����free�ǻ��ꤷ��
-  �ؿ����ƤФ�롥�ޤ������Υݥ��󥿤λؤ��ǡ�����¾��Ruby����
-  �������Ȥ�ؤ��Ƥ����硤mark�˻��ꤹ��ؿ��ǥޡ�������ɬ��
-  �����롥
-
-Data_Make_Struct(klass, type, mark, free, sval)
-
-  type���Υ����malloc�����ѿ�sval�����������塤����򥫥ץ�
-  �벽�����ǡ������֤��ޥ�����
-
-Data_Get_Struct(data, type, sval)
-
-  data����type���Υݥ��󥿤���Ф��ѿ�sval����������ޥ�����
-
-** �������å�
-
-TYPE(value)
-FIXNUM_P(value)
-NIL_P(value)
-void Check_Type(VALUE value, int type)
-void Check_SafeStr(VALUE value)
-
-** ���Ѵ�
-
-FIX2INT(value), INT2FIX(i)
-FIX2LONG(value), LONG2FIX(l)
-NUM2INT(value), INT2NUM(i)
-NUM2UINT(value), UINT2NUM(ui)
-NUM2LONG(value), LONG2NUM(l)
-NUM2ULONG(value), ULONG2NUM(ul)
-NUM2LL(value), LL2NUM(ll)
-NUM2ULL(value), ULL2NUM(ull)
-NUM2OFFT(value), OFFT2NUM(off)
-NUM2SIZET(value), SIZET2NUM(size)
-NUM2SSIZET(value), SSIZET2NUM(ssize)
-NUM2DBL(value)
-rb_float_new(f)
-StringValue(value)
-StringValuePtr(value)
-StringValueCStr(value)
-rb_str_new2(s)
-
-** ���饹/�⥸�塼�����
-
-VALUE rb_define_class(const char *name, VALUE super)
-
-  super�Υ��֥��饹�Ȥ��ƿ�����Ruby���饹��������롥
-
-VALUE rb_define_class_under(VALUE module, const char *name, VALUE super)
-
-  super�Υ��֥��饹�Ȥ��ƿ�����Ruby���饹���������module��
-  ����Ȥ���������롥
-
-VALUE rb_define_module(const char *name)
-
-  ������Ruby�⥸�塼���������롥
-
-VALUE rb_define_module_under(VALUE module, const char *name)
-
-  ������Ruby�⥸�塼����������module������Ȥ���������롥
-
-void rb_include_module(VALUE klass, VALUE module)
-
-  �⥸�塼��򥤥󥯥롼�ɤ��롥class�����Ǥ�module�򥤥�
-  �롼�ɤ��Ƥ�����ˤϲ��⤷�ʤ�(¿�ť��󥯥롼�ɤζػ�)��
-
-void rb_extend_object(VALUE object, VALUE module)
-
-  ���֥������Ȥ�⥸�塼��(���������Ƥ���᥽�å�)�ǳ�ĥ���롥
-
-** ����ѿ����
-
-void rb_define_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var)
-
-  Ruby��C�ȤǶ�ͭ���륰�����Х��ѿ���������롥�ѿ�̾��`$'��
-  �Ϥޤ�ʤ����ˤϼ�ưŪ���ɲä���롥name�Ȥ���Ruby�μ��̻�
-  �Ȥ��Ƶ�����ʤ�ʸ��(�㤨��` ')��ޤ���ˤ�Ruby�ץ�����
-  �फ��ϸ����ʤ��ʤ롥
-
-void rb_define_readonly_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var)
-
-  Ruby��C�ȤǶ�ͭ����read only�Υ������Х��ѿ���������롥
-  read only�Ǥ��뤳�Ȱʳ���rb_define_variable()��Ʊ����
-
-void rb_define_virtual_variable(const char *name,
-				VALUE (*getter)(), void (*setter)())
-
-  �ؿ��ˤ�äƼ¸������Ruby�ѿ���������롥�ѿ������Ȥ��줿
-  ���ˤ�getter�����ѿ����ͤ����åȤ��줿���ˤ�setter���ƤФ�
-  �롥
-
-void rb_define_hooked_variable(const char *name, VALUE *var,
-			       VALUE (*getter)(), void (*setter)())
-
-  �ؿ��ˤ�ä�hook�ΤĤ���줿�������Х��ѿ���������롥�ѿ�
-  �����Ȥ��줿���ˤ�getter�����ؿ����ͤ����åȤ��줿���ˤ�
-  setter���ƤФ�롥getter��setter��0����ꤷ�����ˤ�hook��
-  ���ꤷ�ʤ��Τ�Ʊ�����ˤʤ롥
-
-void rb_global_variable(VALUE *var)
-
-  GC�Τ��ᡤRuby�ץ�����फ��ϥ�����������ʤ���, Ruby����
-  �������Ȥ�ޤ�����ѿ���ޡ������롥
-
-** ���
-
-void rb_define_const(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE val)
-
-  �����������롥
-
-void rb_define_global_const(const char *name, VALUE val)
-
-  ��������������롥
-
-     rb_define_const(rb_cObject, name, val)
-
-  ��Ʊ����̣��
-
-** �᥽�å����
-
-rb_define_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-  �᥽�åɤ�������롥argc��self����������ο���argc��-1�λ�, 
-  �ؿ��ˤϰ����ο�(self��ޤޤʤ�)����1����, �������������2
-  �����Ȥ��������Ϳ������(��3������self)��argc��-2�λ�, 
-  ��1������self, ��2������args(args�ϰ�����ޤ�Ruby������)��
-  ����������Ϳ�����롥
- 
-rb_define_private_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-  private�᥽�åɤ�������롥������rb_define_method()��Ʊ����
-
-rb_define_singleton_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
-
-  �ðۥ᥽�åɤ�������롥������rb_define_method()��Ʊ����
-
-rb_scan_args(int argc, VALUE *argv, const char *fmt, ...)
-
-  argc, argv������Ϳ����줿���ꤵ�줿�ե����ޥåȤ˽��äư�
-  ����ʬ�򤷡�³��VALUE�ؤλ��Ȥ˥��åȤ��ޤ������Υե����ޥ�
-  �Ȥϡ�ABNF�ǵ��Ҥ���Ȱʲ����̤�Ǥ���
-
---
-scan-arg-spec  := param-arg-spec [option-hash-arg-spec] [block-arg-spec]
-
-param-arg-spec := pre-arg-spec [post-arg-spec] / post-arg-spec / pre-opt-post-arg-spec
-pre-arg-spec   := num-of-leading-mandatory-args [num-of-optional-args]
-post-arg-spec  := sym-for-variable-length-args [num-of-trailing-mandatory-args]
-pre-opt-post-arg-spec := num-of-leading-mandatory-args num-of-optional-args num-of-trailing-mandatory-args
-option-hash-arg-spec := sym-for-option-hash-arg
-block-arg-spec := sym-for-block-arg
-
-num-of-leading-mandatory-args  := DIGIT ; ��Ƭ���֤�����ά��ǽ�ʰ����ο�
-num-of-optional-args           := DIGIT ; ³�����֤�����ά��ǽ�ʰ����ο�
-sym-for-variable-length-args   := "*"   ; ³�����֤�������Ĺ������
-                                        ; Ruby������Ǽ������뤿��λ���
-num-of-trailing-mandatory-args := DIGIT ; ��ü���֤�����ά��ǽ�ʰ����ο�
-sym-for-option-hash-arg        := ":"   ; ���ץ����ϥå�����������
-                                        ; ����λ���; ��ά��ǽ�ʰ�����
-                                        ; ������¿���ΰ��������ꤵ�졤
-                                        ; �Ǹ�ΰ������ϥå���ʤޤ���
-                                        ; #to_hash���Ѵ���ǽ�ˤξ���
-                                        ; ��������롥�Ǹ�ΰ�����nil��
-                                        ; ��硤����Ĺ�������꤬�ʤ���
-                                        ; ��ά��ǽ�����ο�����¿����
-                                        ; ���������ꤵ�줿���˼��������
-sym-for-block-arg              := "&"   ; ���ƥ졼���֥��å���������뤿���
-                                        ; ����
---
-
-  �ե����ޥåȤ�"12"�ξ�硤�����Ϻ���1�Ĥǡ�3��(1+2)�ޤǵ���
-  ���Ȥ�����̣�ˤʤ�ޤ������äơ��ե����ޥå�ʸ�����³��
-  ��3�Ĥ�VALUE�ؤλ��Ȥ��֤�ɬ�פ�����ޤ��������ˤϼ�������
-  �ѿ������åȤ���ޤ����ѿ��ؤλ��Ȥ������NULL����ꤹ��
-  ���Ȥ�Ǥ������ξ��ϼ��������������ͤϼΤƤ��ޤ����ʤ���
-  ��ά��ǽ��������ά���줿�����ѿ����ͤ�nil(C����Υ�٥�Ǥ�
-  Qnil)�ˤʤ�ޤ���
-
-  �֤��ͤ�Ϳ����줿�����ο��Ǥ������ץ����ϥå��太��ӥ�
-  �ƥ졼���֥��å��Ͽ����ޤ���
-
-** Ruby�᥽�åɸƤӽФ�
-
-VALUE rb_funcall(VALUE recv, ID mid, int narg, ...)
-
-  �᥽�åɸƤӽФ���ʸ���󤫤�mid�����뤿��ˤ�rb_intern()��
-  �Ȥ���
-
-VALUE rb_funcall2(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, VALUE *argv)
-
-  �᥽�åɸƤӽФ���������argc, argv�������Ϥ���
-
-VALUE rb_eval_string(const char *str)
-
-  ʸ�����Ruby������ץȤȤ��ƥ���ѥ��롦�¹Ԥ��롥
-
-ID rb_intern(const char *name)
-
-  ʸ������б�����ID���֤���
-
-char *rb_id2name(ID id)
-
-  ID���б�����ʸ������֤�(�ǥХå���)��
-
-char *rb_class2name(VALUE klass)
-
-  ���饹��̾�����֤�(�ǥХå���)�����饹��̾��������ʤ�����
-  ��, ������̤ä�̾������ĥ��饹��̾�����֤���
-
-int rb_respond_to(VALUE obj, ID id)
-
-  obj��id�Ǽ������᥽�åɤ���Ĥ��ɤ������֤���
-
-** ���󥹥����ѿ�
-
-VALUE rb_iv_get(VALUE obj, const char *name)
-
-  obj�Υ��󥹥����ѿ����ͤ����롥`@'�ǻϤޤ�ʤ����󥹥���
-  ���ѿ��� Ruby�ץ�����फ�饢�������Ǥ��ʤ��ֱ��줿�ץ���
-  �������ѿ��ˤʤ롥�������ʸ����̾������ĥ��饹(�ޤ���
-  �⥸�塼��)�Υ��󥹥����ѿ��Ȥ��Ƽ�������Ƥ��롥
-
-VALUE rb_iv_set(VALUE obj, const char *name, VALUE val)
-
-  obj�Υ��󥹥����ѿ���val�˥��åȤ��롥
-
-** ���湽¤
-
-VALUE rb_block_call(VALUE obj, ID mid, int argc, VALUE * argv,
-		    VALUE (*func) (ANYARGS), VALUE data2)
-
-  func��֥��å��Ȥ������ꤷ��obj��쥷���С�argc��argv�����
-  �Ȥ���mid�᥽�åɤ�ƤӽФ���func����������yield���줿�͡�
-  ���������data2�������롥ʣ�����ͤ�yield���줿���(C�Ǥ�
-  rb_yield_values()��rb_yield_values2(), rb_yield_splat())��
-  data2��Array�Ȥ��ƥѥå�����Ƥ��롥�軰, ��Ͱ�����argc��
-  argv�ˤ�ä�yield���줿�ͤ���Ф����Ȥ��Ǥ��롥
-
-[OBSOLETE] VALUE rb_iterate(VALUE (*func1)(), VALUE arg1, VALUE (*func2)(), VALUE arg2)
-
-  func2��֥��å��Ȥ������ꤷ, func1�򥤥ƥ졼���Ȥ��ƸƤ֡� 
-  func1�ˤ� arg1�������Ȥ����Ϥ���, func2�ˤ���1�����˥��ƥ졼
-  ������Ϳ����줿��, ��2������arg2���Ϥ���롥
- 
-  1.9��rb_iterate��Ȥ�����, func1�����Ruby��٥�Υ᥽�å�
-  ��ƤӽФ��ʤ���Фʤ�ʤ�.
-  1.9��obsolete�Ȥʤä�. �����rb_block_call���Ѱդ��줿.
-
-VALUE rb_yield(VALUE val)
-
-  val���ͤȤ��ƥ��ƥ졼���֥��å���ƤӽФ���
-
-VALUE rb_rescue(VALUE (*func1)(), VALUE arg1, VALUE (*func2)(), VALUE arg2)
-
-  �ؿ�func1��arg1������˸ƤӽФ���func1�μ¹�����㳰��ȯ��
-  �������ˤ� func2��arg2������Ȥ��ƸƤ֡�����ͤ��㳰��ȯ��
-  ���ʤ��ä�����func1�������, �㳰��ȯ���������ˤ�func2����
-  ���ͤǤ��롥
-
-VALUE rb_ensure(VALUE (*func1)(), VALUE arg1, VALUE (*func2)(), VALUE arg2)
-
-  �ؿ�func1��arg1������Ȥ��Ƽ¹Ԥ�, �¹Խ�λ��(���Ȥ��㳰��
-  ȯ�����Ƥ�) func2��arg2������Ȥ��Ƽ¹Ԥ��롥����ͤ�func1
-  ������ͤǤ���(�㳰��ȯ�������������ʤ�)��
-
-VALUE rb_protect(VALUE (*func) (VALUE), VALUE arg, int *state)
-
-  �ؿ�func��arg������Ȥ��Ƽ¹Ԥ�, �㳰��ȯ�����ʤ���Ф�����
-  ���ͤ��֤����㳰��ȯ����������, *state����0�򥻥åȤ���
-  Qnil���֤���
-
-void rb_jump_tag(int state)
-
-  rb_protect()��rb_eval_string_protect()����ª���줿�㳰���
-  �����롥state�Ϥ����δؿ������֤��줿�ͤǤʤ���Фʤ�ʤ���
-  ���δؿ���ľ�ܤθƤӽФ��������ʤ���
-
-** �㳰�����顼
-
-void rb_warning(const char *fmt, ...)
-
-  rb_verbose����ɸ�२�顼���Ϥ˷ٹ�����ɽ�����롥������
-  printf()��Ʊ����
-
-void rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, const char *fmt, ...)
-
-  RuntimeError�㳰��ȯ�������롥������printf()��Ʊ����
-
-void rb_raise(VALUE exception, const char *fmt, ...)
-
-  exception�ǻ��ꤷ���㳰��ȯ�������롥fmt�ʲ��ΰ�����
-  printf()��Ʊ����
-
-void rb_fatal(const char *fmt, ...)
-
-  ��̿Ū�㳰��ȯ�������롥�̾���㳰�����ϹԤʤ�줺, ���󥿡�
-  �ץ꥿����λ����(������ensure�ǻ��ꤵ�줿�����ɤϽ�λ����
-  �¹Ԥ����)��
-
-void rb_bug(const char *fmt, ...)
-
-  ���󥿡��ץ꥿�ʤɥץ������ΥХ��Ǥ���ȯ������Ϥ��Τʤ�
-  �����λ��Ƥ֡����󥿡��ץ꥿�ϥ�������פ�ľ���˽�λ���롥
-  �㳰�����ϰ��ڹԤʤ��ʤ���
-
-** Ruby�ν�������¹�
-
-Ruby�򥢥ץꥱ����������������ˤϰʲ��Υ��󥿥ե�����
-��Ȥ����̾�γ�ĥ�饤�֥��ˤ�ɬ�פʤ���
-
-void ruby_init()
-
-  Ruby���󥿥ץ꥿�ν������Ԥʤ���
-
-void ruby_options(int argc, char **argv)
-
-  Ruby���󥿥ץ꥿�Υ��ޥ�ɥ饤������ν�����Ԥʤ���
-
-void ruby_run()
-
-  Ruby���󥿥ץ꥿��¹Ԥ��롥
-
-void ruby_script(char *name)
-
-  Ruby�Υ�����ץ�̾($0)�����ꤹ�롥
-
-** ���󥿥ץ꥿�Υ��٥�ȤΥեå�
-
- void rb_add_event_hook(rb_event_hook_func_t func, rb_event_flag_t events, VALUE data)
-
-���ꤵ�줿���󥿥ץ꥿�Υ��٥�Ȥ��Ф���եå��ؿ����ɲä��ޤ���
-events�ϰʲ����ͤ�or�Ǥʤ���Фʤ�ޤ���:
-
-	RUBY_EVENT_LINE
-	RUBY_EVENT_CLASS
-	RUBY_EVENT_END
-	RUBY_EVENT_CALL
-	RUBY_EVENT_RETURN
-	RUBY_EVENT_C_CALL
-	RUBY_EVENT_C_RETURN
-	RUBY_EVENT_RAISE
-	RUBY_EVENT_ALL
-
-rb_event_hook_func_t������ϰʲ����̤�Ǥ�:
-
- typedef void (*rb_event_hook_func_t)(rb_event_t event, VALUE data,
- 				      VALUE self, ID id, VALUE klass)
-
-rb_add_event_hook() ����3���� data �ϡ��եå��ؿ�����2������
-�����Ϥ���ޤ��������1.8�Ǥϸ��ߤ�NODE�ؤΥݥ��󥿤Ǥ�������
-���� RB_EVENT_HOOKS_HAVE_CALLBACK_DATA �⻲�Ȥ��Ƥ���������
-
- int rb_remove_event_hook(rb_event_hook_func_t func)
-
-���ꤵ�줿�եå��ؿ��������ޤ���
-
-** �ߴ����Τ���Υޥ���
-
-API�θߴ���������å����뤿��˰ʲ��Υޥ������ǥե���Ȥ��������Ƥ��ޤ���
-
-NORETURN_STYLE_NEW
-
-  NORETURN �ޥ������ؿ����ޥ����Ȥ����������Ƥ��뤳�Ȥ��̣���롥
-
-HAVE_RB_DEFINE_ALLOC_FUNC
-
-  rb_define_alloc_func() �ؿ����󶡤���Ƥ��뤳�ȡ��Ĥޤ�
-  allocation framework ���Ȥ��뤳�Ȥ��̣���롥
-  have_func("rb_define_alloc_func", "ruby.h")
-  �η�̤�Ʊ����
-
-HAVE_RB_REG_NEW_STR
-
-  String���֥������Ȥ���Regexp���֥������Ȥ���
-  rb_reg_new_str() �ؿ����󶡤���Ƥ��뤳�Ȥ��̣���롥
-  have_func("rb_reg_new_str", "ruby.h").
-  �η�̤�Ʊ����
-
-HAVE_RB_IO_T
-
-  rb_io_t �����󶡤���Ƥ��뤳�Ȥ��̣���롥
-
-USE_SYMBOL_AS_METHOD_NAME
-
-  �᥽�å�̾���֤��᥽�åɡ�Module#methods, #singleton_methods
-  �ʤɤ�Symbol���֤����Ȥ��̣���롥
-
-HAVE_RUBY_*_H
-
-  ruby.h ���������Ƥ��롥�б�����إå����󶡤���Ƥ��뤳��
-  ���̣���롥���Ȥ��С�HAVE_RUBY_ST_H ���������Ƥ������
-  ñ�ʤ� st.h �ǤϤʤ� ruby/st.h ����Ѥ��롥
-
-RB_EVENT_HOOKS_HAVE_CALLBACK_DATA
-
-  rb_add_event_hook() ���եå��ؿ����Ϥ� data ����3�����Ȥ���
-  ������뤳�Ȥ��̣���롥
-
-Appendix C. extconf.rb�ǻȤ���ؿ�����
-
-extconf.rb����Ǥ����Ѳ�ǽ�ʥ���ѥ���������å��δؿ��ϰ�
-�����̤�Ǥ��롥
-
-have_macro(macro, headers)
-
-  �إå��ե�����header�򥤥󥯥롼�ɤ��ƥޥ���macro�������
-  ��Ƥ��뤫�ɤ��������å����롥�ޥ������������Ƥ����true
-  ���֤���
-
-have_library(lib, func)
-
-  �ؿ�func��������Ƥ���饤�֥��lib��¸�ߤ�����å����롥
-  �饤�֥�꤬¸�ߤ������true���֤���
-
-find_library(lib, func, path...)
-
-  �ؿ�func��������Ƥ���饤�֥��lib��¸�ߤ� -Lpath ���ɲ�
-  ���ʤ�������å����롥�饤�֥�꤬���դ��ä�����true���֤���
-
-have_func(func, header)
-
-  �إå��ե�����header�򥤥󥯥롼�ɤ��ƴؿ�func��¸�ߤ����
-  �å����롥func��ɸ��Ǥϥ�󥯤���ʤ��饤�֥����Τ�Τ�
-  ������ˤ����have_library�Ǥ��Υ饤�֥�������å����Ƥ�
-  �������ؿ���¸�ߤ����true���֤���
-
-have_var(var, header)
-
-  �إå��ե�����header�򥤥󥯥롼�ɤ����ѿ�var��¸�ߤ������
-  �����롥var��ɸ��Ǥϥ�󥯤���ʤ��饤�֥����Τ�ΤǤ�
-  ����ˤ����have_library�Ǥ��Υ饤�֥�������å����Ƥ���
-  �����ѿ���¸�ߤ����true���֤���
-
-have_header(header)
-
-  �إå��ե������¸�ߤ�����å����롥�إå��ե����뤬¸�ߤ�
-  ���true���֤���
-
-find_header(header, path...)
-
-  �إå��ե�����header��¸�ߤ� -Ipath ���ɲä��ʤ�������å�
-  ���롥�إå��ե����뤬���դ��ä�����true���֤���
-
-have_struct_member(type, member, header)
-
-  �إå��ե�����header�򥤥󥯥롼�ɤ��Ʒ�type�˥���member
-  ��¸�ߤ��뤫������å����롥type���������Ƥ��ơ�member��
-  ���Ĥ����true���֤���
-
-have_type(type, header, opt)
-
-  �إå��ե�����header�򥤥󥯥롼�ɤ��Ʒ�type��¸�ߤ��뤫��
-  �����å����롥type���������Ƥ����true���֤���
-
-check_sizeof(type, header)
-
-  �إå��ե�����header�򥤥󥯥롼�ɤ��Ʒ�type��charñ�̥���
-  ����Ĵ�٤롥type���������Ƥ�������Υ��������֤��������
-  ��Ƥ��ʤ��Ȥ���nil���֤���
-
-create_makefile(target)
-
-  ��ĥ�饤�֥���Ѥ�Makefile���������롥���δؿ���ƤФʤ���
-  �Ф��Υ饤�֥��ϥ���ѥ��뤵��ʤ���target�ϥ⥸�塼��̾
-  ��ɽ����
-
-find_executable(command, path)
-
-  ���ޥ��command��File::PATH_SEPARATOR�Ƕ��ڤ�줿�ѥ�̾��
-  �ꥹ��path����õ����path��nil�ޤ��Ͼ�ά���줿���ϡ��Ķ�
-  �ѿ�PATH���ͤ���Ѥ��롥�¹Բ�ǽ�ʥ��ޥ�ɤ����Ĥ��ä����
-  �ϥѥ���ޤ�ե�����̾�����Ĥ���ʤ��ä�����nil���֤���
-
-with_config(withval[, default=nil])
-
-  ���ޥ�ɥ饤����--with-<withval>�ǻ��ꤵ�줿���ץ������
-  �����롥
-
-enable_config(config, *defaults)
-disable_config(config, *defaults)
-
-  ���ޥ�ɥ饤����--enable-<config>�ޤ���
-  --disable-<config>�ǻ��ꤵ�줿�����ͤ����롥
-  --enable-<config>�����ꤵ��Ƥ�������true��
-  --disable-<config>�����ꤵ��Ƥ�������false���֤���
-  �ɤ������ꤵ��Ƥ��ʤ����ϡ��֥��å��Ĥ��ǸƤӽФ����
-  �������*defaults��yield������̡��֥��å��ʤ��ʤ�
-  *defaults���֤���
-
-dir_config(target[, default_dir])
-dir_config(target[, default_include, default_lib])
-
-  ���ޥ�ɥ饤����--with-<target>-dir, --with-<target>-include,
-  --with-<target>-lib�Τ����줫�ǻ��ꤵ���ǥ��쥯�ȥ��
-  $CFLAGS �� $LDFLAGS ���ɲä��롥--with-<target>-dir=/path��
-  --with-<target>-include=/path/include --with-<target>-lib=/path/lib
-  �������Ǥ��롥�ɲä��줿 include �ǥ��쥯�ȥ�� lib �ǥ���
-  ���ȥ��������֤��� ([include_dir, lib_dir])
-
-pkg_config(pkg)
-
-  pkg-config���ޥ�ɤ���ѥå�����pkg�ξ�������롥 
-  pkg-config�μºݤΥ��ޥ��̾�ϡ�--with-pkg-config���ޥ��
-  �饤�󥪥ץ����ǻ����ǽ��
-
-/*
- * Local variables:
- * fill-column: 60
- * end:
- */
+doc/extension.ja.rdocに移動しました
diff --git a/README.ja b/README.ja
deleted file mode 100644
index dd7f67ca59..0000000000
--- a/README.ja
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,185 +0,0 @@
-* Ruby�Ȥ�
-
-Ruby�ϥ���ץ뤫�Ķ��Ϥʥ��֥������Ȼظ�������ץȸ���Ǥ���
-Ruby�Ϻǽ餫����ʥ��֥������Ȼظ�����Ȥ����߷פ���Ƥ���
-�����顤���֥������Ȼظ��ץ�����ߥ󥰤��ڤ˹Ԥ����������
-������������̾�μ�³�����Υץ�����ߥ󥰤��ǽ�Ǥ���
-
-Ruby�ϥƥ����Ƚ����ط���ǽ�Ϥʤɤ�ͥ�졤Perl��Ʊ�����餤����
-�Ǥ�������˥���ץ��ʸˡ�ȡ��㳰�����䥤�ƥ졼���ʤɤε���
-�ˤ�äơ����ʬ����䤹���ץ�����ߥ󥰤�����ޤ���
-
-
-* Ruby����Ĺ
-
-  + ����ץ��ʸˡ
-  + ���̤Υ��֥������Ȼظ���ǽ(���饹���᥽�åɥ�����ʤ�)
-  + �ü�ʥ��֥������Ȼظ���ǽ(Mixin, �ðۥ᥽�åɤʤ�)
-  + �黻�ҥ����С�������
-  + �㳰������ǽ
-  + ���ƥ졼���ȥ���������
-  + �����١������쥯��
-  + �����ʥߥå������ǥ��� (�������ƥ�����ˤ��)
-  + �ܿ������⤤��¿����Unix-like/POSIX�ߴ��ץ�åȥե�������
-    ư�������Ǥʤ���Windows�� Mac OS X��BeOS�ʤɤξ�Ǥ�ư��
-    cf. http://redmine.ruby-lang.org/wiki/ruby-19/SupportedPlatformsJa
-
-* ����ˡ
-
-** FTP��
-
-�ʲ��ξ��ˤ����Ƥ���ޤ���
-
-  ftp://ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/
-
-** Subversion��
-
-��ȯ��ü�Υ����������ɤϼ��Υ��ޥ�ɤǼ����Ǥ��ޤ���
-
-  $ svn co http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/trunk/ ruby
-
-¾�˳�ȯ��Υ֥����ΰ����ϼ��Υ��ޥ�ɤǸ����ޤ���
-
-  $ svn ls http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/
-
-
-* �ۡ���ڡ���
-
-Ruby�Υۡ���ڡ�����URL��
-
-   http://www.ruby-lang.org/
-
-�Ǥ���
-
-
-* �᡼��󥰥ꥹ��
-
-Ruby�Υ᡼��󥰥ꥹ�Ȥ�����ޤ������ô�˾������
-
-   ruby-list-ctl@ruby-lang.org
-
-�ޤ���ʸ��
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-   subscribe YourFirstName YourFamilyName
-   
-�Ƚ񤤤����äƲ������� 
-
-Ruby��ȯ�Ը����᡼��󥰥ꥹ�Ȥ⤢��ޤ���������Ǥ�ruby�Υ�
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-���ô�˾������
-
-   ruby-dev-ctl@ruby-lang.org
-
-�ޤ�ruby-list��Ʊ�ͤ���ˡ�ǥ᡼�뤷�Ƥ��������� 
-
-Ruby��ĥ�⥸�塼��ˤĤ����ä��礦ruby-ext�᡼��󥰥ꥹ�Ȥ�
-���شط�������ˤĤ����ä��礦ruby-math�᡼��󥰥ꥹ�Ȥ�
-�Ѹ���ä��礦ruby-talk�᡼��󥰥ꥹ�Ȥ⤢��ޤ���������ˡ
-�Ϥɤ��Ʊ���Ǥ��� 
-
-
-* ����ѥ��롦���󥹥ȡ���
-
-�ʲ��μ��ǹԤäƤ���������
-
-  1. �⤷configure�ե����뤬���Ĥ���ʤ����⤷����
-     configure.in���Ť��褦�ʤ顢autoconf��¹Ԥ���
-     ������configure����������
-
-  2. configure��¹Ԥ���Makefile�ʤɤ���������
-
-     �Ķ��ˤ�äƤϥǥե���Ȥ�C����ѥ����ѥ��ץ�����դ�
-     �ޤ���configure���ץ����� optflags=.. warnflags=.. ��
-     �Ǿ�񤭤Ǥ��ޤ���
-
-  3. (ɬ�פʤ��)defines.h���Խ�����
-
-     ¿ʬ��ɬ��̵���Ȼפ��ޤ���
-
-  4. (ɬ�פʤ��)ext/Setup����Ū�˥�󥯤����ĥ�⥸�塼���
-     ���ꤹ��
-
-     ext/Setup�˵��Ҥ����⥸�塼�����Ū�˥�󥯤���ޤ���
-
-     �����ʥߥå������ǥ��󥰤򥵥ݡ��Ȥ��Ƥ��ʤ��������ƥ�
-     ����Ǥ�Setup��1���ܤΡ�option nodynamic�פȤ����ԤΥ�
-     ���Ȥ򳰤�ɬ�פ�����ޤ����ޤ������Υ������ƥ������
-     ��ĥ�⥸�塼������Ѥ��뤿��ˤϡ����餫������Ū�˥��
-     �����Ƥ���ɬ�פ�����ޤ���
-
-  5. make��¹Ԥ��ƥ���ѥ��뤹��
-
-  6. make test�ǥƥ��Ȥ�Ԥ���
-
-     ��test succeeded�פ�ɽ�������������Ǥ����������ƥ���
-     ���������Ƥⴰ�������ݾڤ���Ƥ������ǤϤ���ޤ���
-
-  7. make install
-
-     �ʲ��Υǥ��쥯�ȥ���äơ������˥ե�����򥤥󥹥ȡ�
-     �뤷�ޤ���
-
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/bin
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/gems/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/man/man1
-       * ${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/ri/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/system
-
-     Ruby��API�С������`x.y.z'�Ǥ���С�((|${MAJOR}|))��
-     `x'�ǡ�((|${MINOR}|))��`y'��((|${TEENY}|))��`z'�Ǥ���
-
-     ����: API�С�������teeny�ϡ�Ruby�ץ������ΥС�����
-     ��Ȥϰۤʤ뤳�Ȥ�����ޤ���
-
-     root�Ǻ�Ȥ���ɬ�פ����뤫�⤷��ޤ���
-
-�⤷������ѥ�����˥��顼��ȯ���������ˤϥ��顼�Υ����ȥ�
-����OS�μ����ޤ�Ǥ�������ܤ�����ݡ��Ȥ��Ԥ����äƤ�
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-
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-UNIX�Ǥ����configure���ۤȤ�ɤκ��ۤ�ۼ����Ƥ����Ϥ���
-�������פ�̸���Ȥ������ä����(����˰㤤�ʤ�)����Ԥˤ���
-���Ȥ��ݡ��Ȥ���С����Ǥ��뤫���Τ�ޤ���
-
-�������ƥ�����ˤ�äȤ��¸����Τ�GC���Ǥ���Ruby��GC���о�
-�Υ������ƥ����㤬setjmp()�ޤ���getcontext()�ˤ�ä����ƤΥ�
-��������jmp_buf��ucontext_t�˳�Ǽ���뤳�Ȥȡ�jmp_buf��
-ucontext_t�ȥ����å���32bit���饤����Ȥ���Ƥ��뤳�Ȥ���
-���Ƥ��ޤ����ä����Ԥ���Ω���ʤ������б������˺���Ǥ���
-������Ԥβ������Ū��ñ�ǡ�gc.c�ǥ����å���ޡ������Ƥ���
-��ʬ�˥��饤����ȤΥХ��ȿ��������餷�ƥޡ������륳���ɤ�
-�ɲä�������ǺѤߤޤ�����defined(__mc68000__)�פǳ���Ƥ�
-����ʬ�򻲹ͤˤ��Ƥ���������
-
-�쥸����������ɥ������CPU�Ǥϡ��쥸����������ɥ��򥹥���
-���˥ե�å��夹�륢����֥饳���ɤ��ɲä���ɬ�פ����뤫����
-��ޤ���
-
-
-* ���۾��
-
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-
-
-* ����
-
-�����ȡ��Х���ݡ��Ȥ���¾�� matz@netlab.jp �ޤǡ�
--------------------------------------------------------
-created at: Thu Aug  3 11:57:36 JST 1995
-Local variables:
-mode: indented-text
-end:
diff --git a/README.ja.md b/README.ja.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6663b94680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.ja.md
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/ruby/ruby.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/ruby/ruby)
+[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/0sy8rrxut4o0k960/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/ruby/ruby/branch/master)
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/macOS/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"macOS")
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/MinGW/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"MinGW")
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/MJIT/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"MJIT")
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Ubuntu/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Ubuntu")
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Windows/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Windows")
+
+# Rubyとは
+
+Rubyはシンプルかつ強力なオブジェクト指向スクリプト言語です． Rubyは純粋なオブジェクト指向言語として設計されているので，
+オブジェクト指向プログラミングを手軽に行う事が出来ます．もちろん普通の手続き型のプログラミングも可能です．
+
+Rubyはテキスト処理関係の能力などに優れ，Perlと同じくらい強力です．さらにシンプルな文法と，
+例外処理やイテレータなどの機構によって，より分かりやすいプログラミングが出来ます．
+
+## Rubyの特長
+
+*   シンプルな文法
+*   普通のオブジェクト指向機能(クラス，メソッドコールなど)
+*   特殊なオブジェクト指向機能(Mixin，特異メソッドなど)
+*   演算子オーバーロード
+*   例外処理機能
+*   イテレータとクロージャ
+*   ガーベージコレクタ
+*   ダイナミックローディング (アーキテクチャによる)
+*   移植性が高い．多くのUnix-like/POSIX互換プラットフォーム上で動くだけでなく，Windows， macOS，
+    Haikuなどの上でも動く cf.
+    https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/master/doc/contributing.rdoc#platform-maintainers
+
+
+## 入手法
+
+サードパーティーツールを使った方法を含むRubyのインストール方法の一覧は
+
+https://www.ruby-lang.org/ja/downloads/
+
+を参照してください．
+
+### Git
+
+ミラーをGitHubに公開しています． 以下のコマンドでリポジトリを取得できます．
+
+    $ git clone https://github.com/ruby/ruby.git
+
+他のブランチの一覧は次のコマンドで見られます．
+
+    $ git ls-remote https://github.com/ruby/ruby.git
+
+Rubyリポジトリの本来のmasterは https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git にあります．
+コミッタはこちらを使います．
+
+### Subversion
+
+古いRubyのバージョンのソースコードは次のコマンドでも取得できます．
+
+    $ svn co https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/ruby_2_6/ ruby
+
+他のブランチの一覧は次のコマンドで見られます．
+
+    $ svn ls https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/
+
+
+## ホームページ
+
+RubyのホームページのURLは
+
+https://www.ruby-lang.org/
+
+です．
+
+## メーリングリスト
+
+Rubyのメーリングリストがあります．参加希望の方は [ruby-list-request@ruby-lang.org] まで本文に
+
+    subscribe
+
+と書いて送って下さい．
+
+Ruby開発者向けメーリングリストもあります．こちらではrubyのバグ，将来の仕様拡張など実装上の問題について議論されています．
+参加希望の方は [ruby-dev-request@ruby-lang.org] までruby-listと同様の方法でメールしてください．
+
+Ruby拡張モジュールについて話し合うruby-extメーリングリストと数学関係の話題について話し合うruby-mathメーリングリストと
+英語でrubyについて話し合うruby-talkメーリングリストもあります．参加方法はどれも同じです．
+
+[ruby-list-request@ruby-lang.org]: mailto:ruby-list-request@ruby-lang.org?subject=Join%20Ruby%20Mailing%20List&body=subscribe
+[ruby-dev-request@ruby-lang.org]: mailto:ruby-dev-request@ruby-lang.org?subject=Join%20Ruby%20Mailing%20List&body=subscribe
+
+## コンパイル・インストール
+
+以下の手順で行ってください．
+
+1.  (Gitリポジトリから取得したソースをビルドする場合) `./autogen.sh` を実行して新しく `configure` を生成する
+
+2.  `configure` を実行して `Makefile` などを生成する
+
+    環境によってはデフォルトのCコンパイラ用オプションが付きます． `configure` オプションで `optflags=..`
+    `warnflags=..` 等で上書きできます．
+
+3.  (必要ならば)`include/ruby/defines.h` を編集する
+
+    多分，必要無いと思います．
+
+4.  (必要ならば)`ext/Setup` に静的にリンクする拡張モジュールを指定する
+
+    `ext/Setup` に記述したモジュールは静的にリンクされます．
+
+    ダイナミックローディングをサポートしていないアーキテクチャでは `Setup` の1行目の「`option nodynamic`」という行のコ
+    メントを外す必要があります．
+    また，このアーキテクチャで拡張モジュールを利用するためには，あらかじめ静的にリンクをしておく必要があります．
+
+5.  `make` を実行してコンパイルする
+
+6.  `make check`でテストを行う．
+
+    「`check succeeded`」と表示されれば成功です．ただしテストに成功しても完璧だと保証されている訳ではありません．
+
+7.  `make install`
+
+    以下のディレクトリを作って，そこにファイルをインストー ルします．
+
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/bin`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/gems/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/man/man1`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/ri/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/system`
+
+
+    RubyのAPIバージョンが'*x.y.z*'であれば，`${MAJOR}`は
+    '*x*'で，`${MINOR}`は'*y*'，`${TEENY}`は'*z*'です．
+
+    **注意**: APIバージョンの `teeny` は，Rubyプログラムのバージョンとは異なることがあります．
+
+    `root` で作業する必要があるかもしれません．
+
+
+もし，コンパイル時にエラーが発生した場合にはエラーのログとマシン，OSの種類を含むできるだけ詳しいレポートを作者に送って下さると他の方のためにもなります．
+
+## 移植
+
+UNIXであれば `configure` がほとんどの差異を吸収してくれるはずですが，思わぬ見落としがあった場合(ある事が多い)，作者にその
+ことを報告すれば，解決できる可能性があります．
+
+アーキテクチャにもっとも依存するのはGC部です．RubyのGCは対象
+のアーキテクチャが`setjmp()`または`getcontext()`によって全てのレジスタを `jmp_buf` や `ucontext_t`
+に格納することと， `jmp_buf` や `ucontext_t` とスタックが32bitアラインメントされていることを仮定
+しています．特に前者が成立しない場合の対応は非常に困難でしょう． 後者の解決は比較的簡単で， `gc.c` でスタックをマークしている
+部分にアラインメントのバイト数だけずらしてマークするコードを追加するだけで済みます．`defined(__mc68000__)`で括られてい
+る部分を参考にしてください．
+
+レジスタウィンドウを持つCPUでは，レジスタウィンドウをスタックにフラッシュするアセンブラコードを追加する必要があるかもしれません．
+
+## 配布条件
+
+[COPYING.ja](COPYING.ja) ファイルを参照してください．
+
+## フィードバック
+
+Rubyに関する質問は Ruby-Talk（英語）や Ruby-List（日本語） (https://www.ruby-lang.org/ja/community/mailing-lists) や，
+stackoverflow (https://ja.stackoverflow.com/) などのWebサイトに投稿してください．
+
+バグ報告は https://bugs.ruby-lang.org で受け付けています．
+
+
+## 著者
+
+Rubyのオリジナル版は，1995年にまつもとゆきひろ氏によって設計・開発されました．
+
+<mailto:matz@ruby-lang.org>
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd7c7813a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/ruby/ruby.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/ruby/ruby)
+[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/0sy8rrxut4o0k960/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/ruby/ruby/branch/master)
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/macOS/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"macOS")
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/MinGW/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"MinGW")
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/MJIT/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"MJIT")
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Ubuntu/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Ubuntu")
+[![Actions Status](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Windows/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/actions?query=workflow%3A"Windows")
+
+# What's Ruby
+
+Ruby is an interpreted object-oriented programming language often
+used for web development. It also offers many scripting features
+to process plain text and serialized files, or manage system tasks.
+It is simple, straightforward, and extensible.
+
+## Features of Ruby
+
+*   Simple Syntax
+*   **Normal** Object-oriented Features (e.g. class, method calls)
+*   **Advanced** Object-oriented Features (e.g. mix-in, singleton-method)
+*   Operator Overloading
+*   Exception Handling
+*   Iterators and Closures
+*   Garbage Collection
+*   Dynamic Loading of Object Files (on some architectures)
+*   Highly Portable (works on many Unix-like/POSIX compatible platforms as
+    well as Windows, macOS, etc.) cf.
+    https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/master/doc/contributing.rdoc#label-Platform+Maintainers
+
+
+## How to get Ruby
+
+For a complete list of ways to install Ruby, including using third-party tools
+like rvm, see:
+
+https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/
+
+### Git
+
+The mirror of the Ruby source tree can be checked out with the following command:
+
+    $ git clone https://github.com/ruby/ruby.git
+
+There are some other branches under development. Try the following command
+to see the list of branches:
+
+    $ git ls-remote https://github.com/ruby/ruby.git
+
+You may also want to use https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git (actual master of Ruby source)
+if you are a committer.
+
+### Subversion
+
+Stable branches for older Ruby versions can be checked out with also the
+following command:
+
+    $ svn co https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/ruby_2_6/ ruby
+
+Try the following command to see the list of branches:
+
+    $ svn ls https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/
+
+
+## Ruby home page
+
+https://www.ruby-lang.org/
+
+## Mailing list
+
+There is a mailing list to discuss Ruby. To subscribe to this list, please
+send the following phrase:
+
+    subscribe
+
+in the mail body (not subject) to the address [ruby-talk-request@ruby-lang.org].
+
+[ruby-talk-request@ruby-lang.org]: mailto:ruby-talk-request@ruby-lang.org?subject=Join%20Ruby%20Mailing%20List&body=subscribe
+
+## How to compile and install
+
+1.  If you want to use Microsoft Visual C++ to compile Ruby, read
+    [win32/README.win32](win32/README.win32) instead of this document.
+
+2.  Run `./autogen.sh` to generate configure, when you build the source checked
+    out from the Git repository.
+
+3.  Run `./configure`, which will generate `config.h` and `Makefile`.
+
+    Some C compiler flags may be added by default depending on your
+    environment. Specify `optflags=..` and `warnflags=..` as necessary to
+    override them.
+
+4.  Edit `include/ruby/defines.h` if you need. Usually this step will not be needed.
+
+5.  Remove comment mark(`#`) before the module names from `ext/Setup` (or add
+    module names if not present), if you want to link modules statically.
+
+    If you don't want to compile non static extension modules (probably on
+    architectures which do not allow dynamic loading), remove comment mark
+    from the line "`#option nodynamic`" in `ext/Setup`.
+
+    Usually this step will not be needed.
+
+6.  Run `make`.
+
+    * On Mac, set RUBY\_CODESIGN environment variable with a signing identity.
+      It uses the identity to sign `ruby` binary. See also codesign(1).
+
+7.  Optionally, run '`make check`' to check whether the compiled Ruby
+    interpreter works well. If you see the message "`check succeeded`", your
+    Ruby works as it should (hopefully).
+
+8.  Run '`make install`'.
+
+    This command will create the following directories and install files into
+    them.
+
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/bin`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/gems/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/man/man1`
+    *   `${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/ri/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/system`
+
+
+    If Ruby's API version is '*x.y.z*', the `${MAJOR}` is '*x*', the
+    `${MINOR}` is '*y*', and the `${TEENY}` is '*z*'.
+
+    **NOTE**: teeny of the API version may be different from one of Ruby's
+    program version
+
+    You may have to be a super user to install Ruby.
+
+If you fail to compile Ruby, please send the detailed error report with the
+error log and machine/OS type, to help others.
+
+Some extension libraries may not get compiled because of lack of necessary
+external libraries and/or headers, then you will need to run '`make distclean-ext`'
+to remove old configuration after installing them in such case.
+
+## Copying
+
+See the file [COPYING](COPYING).
+
+## Feedback
+
+Questions about the Ruby language can be asked on the Ruby-Talk mailing list
+(https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/community/mailing-lists) or on websites like
+(https://stackoverflow.com).
+
+Bugs should be reported at https://bugs.ruby-lang.org. Read [HowToReport] for more information.
+
+[HowToReport]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby/wiki/HowToReport
+
+## Contributing
+
+See the file [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md)
+
+## The Author
+
+Ruby was originally designed and developed by Yukihiro Matsumoto (Matz) in 1995.
+
+<matz@ruby-lang.org>
diff --git a/ToDo b/ToDo
deleted file mode 100644
index 7e5ef523a8..0000000000
--- a/ToDo
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-Language Spec.
-
-- Class#allocate - basicNew
-- class Foo::Bar<Baz .. end, module Boo::Bar .. end
-- raise exception by `` error
-- a +1 to be a+1, not a(+1).
-- clarify evaluation order of operator argument (=~, .., ...)
-- :symbol => value hash in the form of {symbol: value, ...} ??
-* operator !! for rescue. ???
-* objectify characters
-* ../... outside condition invokes operator method too.
-* ... inside condition turns off just before right condition.???
-* package or access control for global variables??
-* named arguments like foo(nation:="german") or foo(nation: "german").
-* method to retrieve argument information (needs new C API)
-* multiple return values, yield values.  maybe incompatible ???
-* cascading method invocation ???
-* def Class#method .. end ??
-* def Foo::Bar::baz() .. end ??
-* I18N (or M17N) script/string/regexp
-* discourage use of symbol variables (e.g. $/, etc.) in manual
-* discourage use of Perlish features by giving warnings.
-* non confusing in-block local variable (is it possible?)
-  + remove scope by block
-  + variables appears within block may have independent values.
-* Regexp: make /o thread safe.
-* decide whether begin with rescue or ensure make do..while loop.
-* unify == and eql? again
-* to_i returns nil if str contains no digit.
-* jar like combined library package. -> RubyGems?
-* method combination, e.g. before, after, around, etc.
-* .. or something like defadvice in Emacs.
-* property - for methods, or for objects in general.
-* "in" modifier, to annotate, or to encourage assertion.
-* selector namespace - something like generic-flet in CLOS, to help RubyBehavior
-* private instance variable (as in Python?) @_foo in class Foo => @_Foo_foo
-* warn/error "bare word" method, like "foo",  you should type "foo()"
-
-Hacking Interpreter
-
-- generational GC
-* non-blocking open (e.g. for named pipe) for thread
-* avoid blocking with gethostbyname/gethostbyaddr (use fork ???)
-* objectify interpreters ???
-* remove rb_eval() recursions
-* syntax tree -> bytecode ???
-* scrambled script, or script filter
-* setuid ruby
-* performance tune for in-block (dynamic) local variables.
-* give warnings to assign magic variables.
-* export rb_io_{addstr,printf,puts,print}
-* autoload should work with threads [ruby-talk:4589]
-* remove stdio dependency from IOs.
-* warn for inconsistent local variable usage (lv m and method m at the same time). 
-* MicroRuby
-* Built-in Interactive Ruby.
-* Parser API
-* trap every method invocation, which can be enabled by e.g. trap_call :method.
-* unify Errno exceptions of same errno, or new exception comparison scheme.
-* 2.times{|i| if i==0 then a = 15 else puts eval("a") end} should print nil.
-* Thread#max_stack_size attribute (possible??)
-
-Standard Libraries
-
-- Module#define_method which takes a name and a body (block, proc or method).
-- Enume#inject
-- Array#fetch
-- IO::for_fd
-- Process::waitall [ruby-talk:4557]
-- Process::Status
-- File::lchown, File::lchmod; xxx - still need work for non existing platforms
-- move Time::times to Process.
-- Enumerable#sort_by for Schwartzian transformation
-- fork_and_kill_other_threads.
-- signal list (Signal::trap, Signal::list).
-- move NameError under StandardError.
-- Integer#to_s(base)
-- Hash::new{default}
-- hash etc. should handle self referenceing array/hash
-- Array#select(n1,n2...) works like Array#indexes(n1,n2...)
-- use Mersenne Twister RNG for random.
-- deprecate Array#indexes, and Array#indices.
-- remove dependency on MAXPATHLEN.
-- String#scanf(?)
-* Object#fmt(?)
-* Time::strptime
-* Integer[num], Float[num];  Fixnum[num]?
-* method to retrieve non-number trailer for to_i/to_f.
-* Stream or Port, abstract superclass of IO ?
-* String#{pred,prev}, String#downto
-* optional stepsize argument for succ()
-* Ruby module -- Ruby::Version, Ruby::Interpreter
-* introduce Boolean class; super of TrueClass, FalseClass
-* synchronized method - synchronized{...}, synchronized :foo, :bar
-* Array#&, Array#| to allow duplication. ???
-* way to specify immortal (fork endurance) thread;
-* or raise ForkException to every thread but fork caller.
-* new user-defined marshal scheme. _dump(dumper), _load(restorer)
-* library to load per-user profile seeking .ruby_profile or ruby.ini file.
-* warning framework (warn, warning for Ruby level)
-* marshal should not depend on sprintf (works bad with locale).
-* ternary arg pow: a.pow(b,c) == a**b%c
-* new caller(), e.g. call_stack; needs better name.
-* pointer share mechanism similar to one in String for Array.
-* require "1.6" etc. by /usr/lib/ruby/1.6/1.6.rb ;-)
-* save both "feature names" and "normalized path" in $"
-* implement Mutex_m (or MutexMixin) using Mutex.
-
-Extension Libraries
-
-* ptk.rb pTk wrapper that is compatible to tk.rb
-* Berkeley DB extension
-* BitVector
-* thread-safe fcgi
-
-Ruby Libraries
-
-- urllib.rb, nttplib.rb, etc.
-* format like perl's
-
-Tools
-
-* freeze or undump to bundle everything
-* bundle using zlib
diff --git a/aclocal.m4 b/aclocal.m4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/aclocal.m4
diff --git a/addr2line.c b/addr2line.c
index 219d1d4b47..0029cffbca 100644
--- a/addr2line.c
+++ b/addr2line.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**********************************************************************
 
-  addr2line.h -
+  addr2line.c -
 
   $Author$
 
@@ -8,22 +8,31 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#include "ruby/config.h"
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu-empty-initializer"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgcc-compat"
+#endif
+
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
+#include "ruby/defines.h"
+#include "ruby/missing.h"
 #include "addr2line.h"
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
-#ifdef USE_ELF
-
-#ifdef __OpenBSD__
-#include <elf_abi.h>
-#else
-#include <elf.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_LIBPROC_H
+#include <libproc.h>
 #endif
+
+#include "ruby/internal/stdbool.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ELF) || defined(HAVE_MACH_O_LOADER_H)
+
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
@@ -31,15 +40,72 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#if defined(HAVE_ALLOCA_H)
-#include <alloca.h>
+/* Make alloca work the best possible way.  */
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+# ifndef alloca
+#  define alloca __builtin_alloca
+# endif
+#else
+# ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
+#  include <alloca.h>
+# else
+#  ifdef _AIX
+#pragma alloca
+#  else
+#   ifndef alloca		/* predefined by HP cc +Olibcalls */
+void *alloca();
+#   endif
+#  endif /* AIX */
+# endif	/* HAVE_ALLOCA_H */
+#endif /* __GNUC__ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_DLADDR
+# include <dlfcn.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_MACH_O_LOADER_H
+# include <crt_externs.h>
+# include <mach-o/fat.h>
+# include <mach-o/loader.h>
+# include <mach-o/nlist.h>
+# include <mach-o/stab.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_ELF
+# ifdef __OpenBSD__
+#  include <elf_abi.h>
+# else
+#  include <elf.h>
+# endif
+
+#ifndef ElfW
+# if SIZEOF_VOIDP == 8
+#  define ElfW(x) Elf64##_##x
+# else
+#  define ElfW(x) Elf32##_##x
+# endif
+#endif
+#ifndef ELF_ST_TYPE
+# if SIZEOF_VOIDP == 8
+#  define ELF_ST_TYPE ELF64_ST_TYPE
+# else
+#  define ELF_ST_TYPE ELF32_ST_TYPE
+# endif
+#endif
 #endif
 
-#ifdef HAVE_DL_ITERATE_PHDR
-# ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
-#  define _GNU_SOURCE
+#ifdef SHF_COMPRESSED
+# if defined(ELFCOMPRESS_ZLIB) && defined(HAVE_LIBZ)
+   /* FreeBSD 11.0 lacks ELFCOMPRESS_ZLIB */
+#  include <zlib.h>
+#  define SUPPORT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_LINE
 # endif
-# include <link.h>
+#else /* compatibility with glibc < 2.22 */
+# define SHF_COMPRESSED 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PATH_MAX
+#define PATH_MAX 4096
 #endif
 
 #define DW_LNS_copy                     0x01
@@ -61,30 +127,71 @@
 #define DW_LNE_define_file              0x03
 #define DW_LNE_set_discriminator        0x04  /* DWARF4 */
 
-#ifndef ElfW
-# if SIZEOF_VOIDP == 8
-#  define ElfW(x) Elf64##_##x
-# else
-#  define ElfW(x) Elf32##_##x
-# endif
-#endif
+PRINTF_ARGS(static int kprintf(const char *fmt, ...), 1, 2);
 
-typedef struct {
+typedef struct line_info {
     const char *dirname;
     const char *filename;
+    const char *path; /* object path */
     int line;
 
-    int fd;
-    void *mapped;
-    size_t mapped_size;
-    unsigned long base_addr;
+    uintptr_t base_addr;
+    uintptr_t saddr;
+    const char *sname; /* function name */
+
+    struct line_info *next;
 } line_info_t;
 
+struct dwarf_section {
+    char *ptr;
+    size_t size;
+    uint64_t flags;
+};
+
+typedef struct obj_info {
+    const char *path; /* object path */
+    char *mapped;
+    size_t mapped_size;
+    void *uncompressed;
+    uintptr_t base_addr;
+    uintptr_t vmaddr;
+    struct dwarf_section debug_abbrev;
+    struct dwarf_section debug_info;
+    struct dwarf_section debug_line;
+    struct dwarf_section debug_ranges;
+    struct dwarf_section debug_str;
+    struct obj_info *next;
+} obj_info_t;
+
+#define DWARF_SECTION_COUNT 5
+
+static struct dwarf_section *
+obj_dwarf_section_at(obj_info_t *obj, int n)
+{
+    struct dwarf_section *ary[] = {
+        &obj->debug_abbrev,
+        &obj->debug_info,
+        &obj->debug_line,
+        &obj->debug_ranges,
+        &obj->debug_str
+    };
+    if (n < 0 || DWARF_SECTION_COUNT <= n) {
+        abort();
+    }
+    return ary[n];
+}
+
+struct debug_section_definition {
+    const char *name;
+    struct dwarf_section *dwarf;
+};
+
 /* Avoid consuming stack as this module may be used from signal handler */
-static char binary_filename[PATH_MAX];
+static char binary_filename[PATH_MAX + 1];
 
 static unsigned long
-uleb128(char **p) {
+uleb128(char **p)
+{
     unsigned long r = 0;
     int s = 0;
     for (;;) {
@@ -100,7 +207,8 @@ uleb128(char **p) {
 }
 
 static long
-sleb128(char **p) {
+sleb128(char **p)
+{
     long r = 0;
     int s = 0;
     for (;;) {
@@ -130,7 +238,7 @@ get_nth_dirname(unsigned long dir, char *p)
 	while (*p) p++;
 	p++;
 	if (!*p) {
-	    fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected directory number %lu in %s\n",
+	    kprintf("Unexpected directory number %lu in %s\n",
 		    dir, binary_filename);
 	    return "";
 	}
@@ -139,8 +247,7 @@ get_nth_dirname(unsigned long dir, char *p)
 }
 
 static void
-fill_filename(int file, char *include_directories, char *filenames,
-	      line_info_t *line)
+fill_filename(int file, char *include_directories, char *filenames, line_info_t *line, obj_info_t *obj)
 {
     int i;
     char *p = filenames;
@@ -150,8 +257,8 @@ fill_filename(int file, char *include_directories, char *filenames,
 	filename = p;
 	if (!*p) {
 	    /* Need to output binary file name? */
-	    fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected file number %d in %s\n",
-		    file, binary_filename);
+	    kprintf("Unexpected file number %d in %s at %tx\n",
+		    file, binary_filename, filenames - obj->mapped);
 	    return;
 	}
 	while (*p) p++;
@@ -169,124 +276,134 @@ fill_filename(int file, char *include_directories, char *filenames,
     }
 }
 
-static int
-get_path_from_symbol(const char *symbol, const char **p, size_t *len)
-{
-    if (symbol[0] == '0') {
-	/* libexecinfo */
-	*p   = strchr(symbol, '/');
-	if (*p == NULL) return 0;
-	*len = strlen(*p);
-    }
-    else {
-	/* glibc */
-	const char *q;
-	*p   = symbol;
-	q   = strchr(symbol, '(');
-	if (q == NULL) return 0;
-	*len = q - symbol;
-    }
-    return 1;
-}
-
 static void
-fill_line(int num_traces, void **traces,
-	  unsigned long addr, int file, int line,
-	  char *include_directories, char *filenames, line_info_t *lines)
+fill_line(int num_traces, void **traces, uintptr_t addr, int file, int line,
+	  char *include_directories, char *filenames,
+	  obj_info_t *obj, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
 {
     int i;
-    for (i = 0; i < num_traces; i++) {
-	unsigned long a = (unsigned long)traces[i] - lines[i].base_addr;
+    addr += obj->base_addr - obj->vmaddr;
+    for (i = offset; i < num_traces; i++) {
+	uintptr_t a = (uintptr_t)traces[i];
 	/* We assume one line code doesn't result >100 bytes of native code.
        We may want more reliable way eventually... */
 	if (addr < a && a < addr + 100) {
-	    fill_filename(file, include_directories, filenames, &lines[i]);
+	    fill_filename(file, include_directories, filenames, &lines[i], obj);
 	    lines[i].line = line;
 	}
     }
 }
 
-static void
-parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces,
-		    char **debug_line, line_info_t *lines)
-{
-    char *p, *cu_end, *cu_start, *include_directories, *filenames;
-    unsigned long unit_length;
-    int default_is_stmt, line_base;
-    unsigned int header_length, minimum_instruction_length, line_range,
-		 opcode_base;
-    unsigned char *standard_opcode_lengths;
-
-    /* The registers. */
-    unsigned long addr = 0;
-    unsigned int file = 1;
-    unsigned int line = 1;
-    unsigned int column = 0;
-    int is_stmt;
-    int basic_block = 0;
-    int end_sequence = 0;
-    int prologue_end = 0;
-    int epilogue_begin = 0;
-    unsigned int isa = 0;
+struct LineNumberProgramHeader {
+    uint64_t unit_length;
+    uint16_t version;
+    uint8_t format; /* 4 or 8 */
+    uint64_t header_length;
+    uint8_t minimum_instruction_length;
+    uint8_t maximum_operations_per_instruction;
+    uint8_t default_is_stmt;
+    int8_t line_base;
+    uint8_t line_range;
+    uint8_t opcode_base;
+    /* uint8_t standard_opcode_lengths[opcode_base-1]; */
+    const char *include_directories;
+    const char *filenames;
+    const char *cu_start;
+    const char *cu_end;
+};
 
-    p = *debug_line;
-
-    unit_length = *(unsigned int *)p;
-    p += sizeof(unsigned int);
-    if (unit_length == 0xffffffff) {
-	unit_length = *(unsigned long *)p;
-	p += sizeof(unsigned long);
+static int
+parse_debug_line_header(const char **pp, struct LineNumberProgramHeader *header)
+{
+    const char *p = *pp;
+    header->unit_length = *(uint32_t *)p;
+    p += sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+    header->format = 4;
+    if (header->unit_length == 0xffffffff) {
+	header->unit_length = *(uint64_t *)p;
+	p += sizeof(uint64_t);
+        header->format = 8;
     }
 
-    cu_end = p + unit_length;
+    header->cu_end = p + header->unit_length;
 
-    /*dwarf_version = *(unsigned short *)p;*/
-    p += 2;
+    header->version = *(uint16_t *)p;
+    p += sizeof(uint16_t);
+    if (header->version > 4) return -1;
 
-    header_length = *(unsigned int *)p;
-    p += sizeof(unsigned int);
+    header->header_length = header->format == 4 ? *(uint32_t *)p : *(uint64_t *)p;
+    p += header->format;
+    header->cu_start = p + header->header_length;
 
-    cu_start = p + header_length;
+    header->minimum_instruction_length = *(uint8_t *)p++;
 
-    minimum_instruction_length = *(unsigned char *)p;
-    p++;
-
-    is_stmt = default_is_stmt = *(unsigned char *)p;
-    p++;
-
-    line_base = *(char *)p;
-    p++;
-
-    line_range = *(unsigned char *)p;
-    p++;
+    if (header->version >= 4) {
+        /* maximum_operations_per_instruction = *(uint8_t *)p; */
+        if (*p != 1) return -1; /* For non-VLIW architectures, this field is 1 */
+        p++;
+    }
 
-    opcode_base = *(unsigned char *)p;
-    p++;
+    header->default_is_stmt = *(uint8_t *)p++;
+    header->line_base = *(int8_t *)p++;
+    header->line_range = *(uint8_t *)p++;
+    header->opcode_base = *(uint8_t *)p++;
+    /* header->standard_opcode_lengths = (uint8_t *)p - 1; */
+    p += header->opcode_base - 1;
 
-    standard_opcode_lengths = (unsigned char *)p - 1;
-    p += opcode_base - 1;
+    header->include_directories = p;
 
-    include_directories = p;
+    /* temporary measure for compress-debug-sections */
+    if (p >= header->cu_end) return -1;
 
     /* skip include directories */
     while (*p) {
-	while (*p) p++;
+	p = memchr(p, '\0', header->cu_end - p);
+	if (!p) return -1;
 	p++;
     }
     p++;
 
-    filenames = p;
+    header->filenames = p;
+
+    *pp = header->cu_start;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces, char **debug_line,
+		obj_info_t *obj, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
+{
+    const char *p = (const char *)*debug_line;
+    struct LineNumberProgramHeader header;
+
+    /* The registers. */
+    unsigned long addr = 0;
+    unsigned int file = 1;
+    unsigned int line = 1;
+    /* unsigned int column = 0; */
+    int is_stmt;
+    /* int basic_block = 0; */
+    /* int end_sequence = 0; */
+    /* int prologue_end = 0; */
+    /* int epilogue_begin = 0; */
+    /* unsigned int isa = 0; */
 
-    p = cu_start;
+    if (parse_debug_line_header(&p, &header))
+        return -1;
+    is_stmt = header.default_is_stmt;
 
 #define FILL_LINE()						    \
     do {							    \
 	fill_line(num_traces, traces, addr, file, line,		    \
-		  include_directories, filenames, lines);	    \
-	basic_block = prologue_end = epilogue_begin = 0;	    \
+                  (char *)header.include_directories,               \
+                  (char *)header.filenames,                         \
+		  obj, lines, offset);				    \
+	/*basic_block = prologue_end = epilogue_begin = 0;*/	    \
     } while (0)
 
-    while (p < cu_end) {
+    while (p < header.cu_end) {
 	unsigned long a;
 	unsigned char op = *p++;
 	switch (op) {
@@ -294,119 +411,146 @@ parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces,
 	    FILL_LINE();
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_advance_pc:
-	    a = uleb128(&p);
+	    a = uleb128((char **)&p);
 	    addr += a;
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_advance_line: {
-	    long a = sleb128(&p);
+	    long a = sleb128((char **)&p);
 	    line += a;
 	    break;
 	}
 	case DW_LNS_set_file:
-	    file = (unsigned int)uleb128(&p);
+	    file = (unsigned int)uleb128((char **)&p);
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_set_column:
-	    column = (unsigned int)uleb128(&p);
+	    /*column = (unsigned int)*/(void)uleb128((char **)&p);
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_negate_stmt:
 	    is_stmt = !is_stmt;
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_set_basic_block:
-	    basic_block = 1;
+	    /*basic_block = 1; */
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_const_add_pc:
-	    a = ((255 - opcode_base) / line_range) *
-		minimum_instruction_length;
+	    a = ((255UL - header.opcode_base) / header.line_range) *
+		header.minimum_instruction_length;
 	    addr += a;
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_fixed_advance_pc:
-	    a = *(unsigned char *)p++;
+	    a = *(uint16_t *)p;
+	    p += sizeof(uint16_t);
 	    addr += a;
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_set_prologue_end:
-	    prologue_end = 1;
+	    /* prologue_end = 1; */
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_set_epilogue_begin:
-	    epilogue_begin = 1;
+	    /* epilogue_begin = 1; */
 	    break;
 	case DW_LNS_set_isa:
-	    isa = (unsigned int)uleb128(&p);
+	    /* isa = (unsigned int)*/(void)uleb128((char **)&p);
 	    break;
 	case 0:
 	    a = *(unsigned char *)p++;
 	    op = *p++;
 	    switch (op) {
 	    case DW_LNE_end_sequence:
-		end_sequence = 1;
+		/* end_sequence = 1; */
 		FILL_LINE();
 		addr = 0;
 		file = 1;
 		line = 1;
-		column = 0;
-		is_stmt = default_is_stmt;
-		end_sequence = 0;
-		isa = 0;
+		/* column = 0; */
+		is_stmt = header.default_is_stmt;
+		/* end_sequence = 0; */
+		/* isa = 0; */
 		break;
 	    case DW_LNE_set_address:
 		addr = *(unsigned long *)p;
 		p += sizeof(unsigned long);
 		break;
 	    case DW_LNE_define_file:
-		fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported operation in %s\n",
+		kprintf("Unsupported operation in %s\n",
 			binary_filename);
 		break;
 	    case DW_LNE_set_discriminator:
 		/* TODO:currently ignore */
-		uleb128(&p);
+		uleb128((char **)&p);
 		break;
 	    default:
-		fprintf(stderr, "Unknown extended opcode: %d in %s\n",
+		kprintf("Unknown extended opcode: %d in %s\n",
 			op, binary_filename);
 	    }
 	    break;
 	default: {
-	    unsigned long addr_incr;
-	    unsigned long line_incr;
-	    a = op - opcode_base;
-	    addr_incr = (a / line_range) * minimum_instruction_length;
-	    line_incr = line_base + (a % line_range);
-	    addr += (unsigned int)addr_incr;
-	    line += (unsigned int)line_incr;
+            uint8_t adjusted_opcode = op - header.opcode_base;
+            uint8_t operation_advance = adjusted_opcode / header.line_range;
+            /* NOTE: this code doesn't support VLIW */
+            addr += operation_advance * header.minimum_instruction_length;
+            line += header.line_base + (adjusted_opcode % header.line_range);
 	    FILL_LINE();
 	}
 	}
     }
-    *debug_line = p;
+    *debug_line = (char *)p;
+    return 0;
 }
 
-static void
+static int
 parse_debug_line(int num_traces, void **traces,
-		 char *debug_line, unsigned long size, line_info_t *lines)
+		 char *debug_line, unsigned long size,
+		 obj_info_t *obj, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
 {
     char *debug_line_end = debug_line + size;
     while (debug_line < debug_line_end) {
-	parse_debug_line_cu(num_traces, traces, &debug_line, lines);
+	if (parse_debug_line_cu(num_traces, traces, &debug_line, obj, lines, offset))
+	    return -1;
     }
     if (debug_line != debug_line_end) {
-	fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected size of .debug_line in %s\n",
+	kprintf("Unexpected size of .debug_line in %s\n",
 		binary_filename);
     }
+    return 0;
 }
 
 /* read file and fill lines */
+static uintptr_t
+fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, int check_debuglink,
+	   obj_info_t **objp, line_info_t *lines, int offset);
+
 static void
-fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, char **syms, int check_debuglink,
-	   line_info_t *current_line, line_info_t *lines);
+append_obj(obj_info_t **objp)
+{
+    obj_info_t *newobj = calloc(1, sizeof(obj_info_t));
+    if (*objp) (*objp)->next = newobj;
+    *objp = newobj;
+}
 
+#ifdef USE_ELF
+/* Ideally we should check 4 paths to follow gnu_debuglink:
+ *
+ *   - /usr/lib/debug/.build-id/ab/cdef1234.debug
+ *   - /usr/bin/ruby.debug
+ *   - /usr/bin/.debug/ruby.debug
+ *   - /usr/lib/debug/usr/bin/ruby.debug.
+ *
+ * but we handle only two cases for now as the two formats are
+ * used by some linux distributions.
+ *
+ * See GDB's info for detail.
+ * https://sourceware.org/gdb/onlinedocs/gdb/Separate-Debug-Files.html
+ */
+
+// check the path pattern of "/usr/lib/debug/usr/bin/ruby.debug"
 static void
-follow_debuglink(char *debuglink, int num_traces, void **traces, char **syms,
-		 line_info_t *current_line, line_info_t *lines)
+follow_debuglink(const char *debuglink, int num_traces, void **traces,
+		 obj_info_t **objp, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
 {
-    /* Ideally we should check 4 paths to follow gnu_debuglink,
-       but we handle only one case for now as this format is used
-       by some linux distributions. See GDB's info for detail. */
     static const char global_debug_dir[] = "/usr/lib/debug";
-    char *p, *subdir;
+    const size_t global_debug_dir_len = sizeof(global_debug_dir) - 1;
+    char *p;
+    obj_info_t *o1 = *objp, *o2;
+    size_t len;
 
     p = strrchr(binary_filename, '/');
     if (!p) {
@@ -414,197 +558,2166 @@ follow_debuglink(char *debuglink, int num_traces, void **traces, char **syms,
     }
     p[1] = '\0';
 
-    subdir = (char *)alloca(strlen(binary_filename) + 1);
-    strcpy(subdir, binary_filename);
-    strcpy(binary_filename, global_debug_dir);
-    strncat(binary_filename, subdir,
-	    PATH_MAX - strlen(binary_filename) - 1);
-    strncat(binary_filename, debuglink,
-	    PATH_MAX - strlen(binary_filename) - 1);
+    len = strlen(binary_filename);
+    if (len >= PATH_MAX - global_debug_dir_len)
+	len = PATH_MAX - global_debug_dir_len - 1;
+    memmove(binary_filename + global_debug_dir_len, binary_filename, len);
+    memcpy(binary_filename, global_debug_dir, global_debug_dir_len);
+    len += global_debug_dir_len;
+    strlcpy(binary_filename + len, debuglink, PATH_MAX - len);
+
+    append_obj(objp);
+    o2 = *objp;
+    o2->base_addr = o1->base_addr;
+    o2->path = o1->path;
+    fill_lines(num_traces, traces, 0, objp, lines, offset);
+}
 
-    munmap(current_line->mapped, current_line->mapped_size);
-    close(current_line->fd);
-    fill_lines(num_traces, traces, syms, 0, current_line, lines);
+// check the path pattern of "/usr/lib/debug/.build-id/ab/cdef1234.debug"
+static void
+follow_debuglink_build_id(const char *build_id, size_t build_id_size, int num_traces, void **traces,
+                          obj_info_t **objp, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
+{
+    static const char global_debug_dir[] = "/usr/lib/debug/.build-id/";
+    const size_t global_debug_dir_len = sizeof(global_debug_dir) - 1;
+    char *p;
+    obj_info_t *o1 = *objp, *o2;
+    size_t i;
+
+    if (PATH_MAX < global_debug_dir_len + 1 + build_id_size * 2 + 6) return;
+
+    memcpy(binary_filename, global_debug_dir, global_debug_dir_len);
+    p = binary_filename + global_debug_dir_len;
+    for (i = 0; i < build_id_size; i++) {
+        static const char tbl[] = "0123456789abcdef";
+        unsigned char n = build_id[i];
+        *p++ = tbl[n / 16];
+        *p++ = tbl[n % 16];
+        if (i == 0) *p++ = '/';
+    }
+    strcpy(p, ".debug");
+
+    append_obj(objp);
+    o2 = *objp;
+    o2->base_addr = o1->base_addr;
+    o2->path = o1->path;
+    fill_lines(num_traces, traces, 0, objp, lines, offset);
+}
+#endif
+
+enum
+{
+    DW_TAG_compile_unit = 0x11,
+    DW_TAG_inlined_subroutine = 0x1d,
+    DW_TAG_subprogram = 0x2e,
+};
+
+/* Attributes encodings */
+enum
+{
+    DW_AT_sibling = 0x01,
+    DW_AT_location = 0x02,
+    DW_AT_name = 0x03,
+    /* Reserved 0x04 */
+    /* Reserved 0x05 */
+    /* Reserved 0x06 */
+    /* Reserved 0x07 */
+    /* Reserved 0x08 */
+    DW_AT_ordering = 0x09,
+    /* Reserved 0x0a */
+    DW_AT_byte_size = 0x0b,
+    /* Reserved 0x0c */
+    DW_AT_bit_size = 0x0d,
+    /* Reserved 0x0e */
+    /* Reserved 0x0f */
+    DW_AT_stmt_list = 0x10,
+    DW_AT_low_pc = 0x11,
+    DW_AT_high_pc = 0x12,
+    DW_AT_language = 0x13,
+    /* Reserved 0x14 */
+    DW_AT_discr = 0x15,
+    DW_AT_discr_value = 0x16,
+    DW_AT_visibility = 0x17,
+    DW_AT_import = 0x18,
+    DW_AT_string_length = 0x19,
+    DW_AT_common_reference = 0x1a,
+    DW_AT_comp_dir = 0x1b,
+    DW_AT_const_value = 0x1c,
+    DW_AT_containing_type = 0x1d,
+    DW_AT_default_value = 0x1e,
+    /* Reserved 0x1f */
+    DW_AT_inline = 0x20,
+    DW_AT_is_optional = 0x21,
+    DW_AT_lower_bound = 0x22,
+    /* Reserved 0x23 */
+    /* Reserved 0x24 */
+    DW_AT_producer = 0x25,
+    /* Reserved 0x26 */
+    DW_AT_prototyped = 0x27,
+    /* Reserved 0x28 */
+    /* Reserved 0x29 */
+    DW_AT_return_addr = 0x2a,
+    /* Reserved 0x2b */
+    DW_AT_start_scope = 0x2c,
+    /* Reserved 0x2d */
+    DW_AT_bit_stride = 0x2e,
+    DW_AT_upper_bound = 0x2f,
+    /* Reserved 0x30 */
+    DW_AT_abstract_origin = 0x31,
+    DW_AT_accessibility = 0x32,
+    DW_AT_address_class = 0x33,
+    DW_AT_artificial = 0x34,
+    DW_AT_base_types = 0x35,
+    DW_AT_calling_convention = 0x36,
+    DW_AT_count = 0x37,
+    DW_AT_data_member_location = 0x38,
+    DW_AT_decl_column = 0x39,
+    DW_AT_decl_file = 0x3a,
+    DW_AT_decl_line = 0x3b,
+    DW_AT_declaration = 0x3c,
+    DW_AT_discr_list = 0x3d,
+    DW_AT_encoding = 0x3e,
+    DW_AT_external = 0x3f,
+    DW_AT_frame_base = 0x40,
+    DW_AT_friend = 0x41,
+    DW_AT_identifier_case = 0x42,
+    /* Reserved 0x43 */
+    DW_AT_namelist_item = 0x44,
+    DW_AT_priority = 0x45,
+    DW_AT_segment = 0x46,
+    DW_AT_specification = 0x47,
+    DW_AT_static_link = 0x48,
+    DW_AT_type = 0x49,
+    DW_AT_use_location = 0x4a,
+    DW_AT_variable_parameter = 0x4b,
+    DW_AT_virtuality = 0x4c,
+    DW_AT_vtable_elem_location = 0x4d,
+    DW_AT_allocated = 0x4e,
+    DW_AT_associated = 0x4f,
+    DW_AT_data_location = 0x50,
+    DW_AT_byte_stride = 0x51,
+    DW_AT_entry_pc = 0x52,
+    DW_AT_use_UTF8 = 0x53,
+    DW_AT_extension = 0x54,
+    DW_AT_ranges = 0x55,
+    DW_AT_trampoline = 0x56,
+    DW_AT_call_column = 0x57,
+    DW_AT_call_file = 0x58,
+    DW_AT_call_line = 0x59,
+    DW_AT_description = 0x5a,
+    DW_AT_binary_scale = 0x5b,
+    DW_AT_decimal_scale = 0x5c,
+    DW_AT_small = 0x5d,
+    DW_AT_decimal_sign = 0x5e,
+    DW_AT_digit_count = 0x5f,
+    DW_AT_picture_string = 0x60,
+    DW_AT_mutable = 0x61,
+    DW_AT_threads_scaled = 0x62,
+    DW_AT_explicit = 0x63,
+    DW_AT_object_pointer = 0x64,
+    DW_AT_endianity = 0x65,
+    DW_AT_elemental = 0x66,
+    DW_AT_pure = 0x67,
+    DW_AT_recursive = 0x68,
+    DW_AT_signature = 0x69,
+    DW_AT_main_subprogram = 0x6a,
+    DW_AT_data_bit_offset = 0x6b,
+    DW_AT_const_expr = 0x6c,
+    DW_AT_enum_class = 0x6d,
+    DW_AT_linkage_name = 0x6e,
+    DW_AT_string_length_bit_size = 0x6f,
+    DW_AT_string_length_byte_size = 0x70,
+    DW_AT_rank = 0x71,
+    DW_AT_str_offsets_base = 0x72,
+    DW_AT_addr_base = 0x73,
+    DW_AT_rnglists_base = 0x74,
+    /* Reserved 0x75 */
+    DW_AT_dwo_name = 0x76,
+    DW_AT_reference = 0x77,
+    DW_AT_rvalue_reference = 0x78,
+    DW_AT_macros = 0x79,
+    DW_AT_call_all_calls = 0x7a,
+    DW_AT_call_all_source_calls = 0x7b,
+    DW_AT_call_all_tail_calls = 0x7c,
+    DW_AT_call_return_pc = 0x7d,
+    DW_AT_call_value = 0x7e,
+    DW_AT_call_origin = 0x7f,
+    DW_AT_call_parameter = 0x80,
+    DW_AT_call_pc = 0x81,
+    DW_AT_call_tail_call = 0x82,
+    DW_AT_call_target = 0x83,
+    DW_AT_call_target_clobbered = 0x84,
+    DW_AT_call_data_location = 0x85,
+    DW_AT_call_data_value = 0x86,
+    DW_AT_noreturn = 0x87,
+    DW_AT_alignment = 0x88,
+    DW_AT_export_symbols = 0x89,
+    DW_AT_deleted = 0x8a,
+    DW_AT_defaulted = 0x8b,
+    DW_AT_loclists_base = 0x8c,
+    DW_AT_lo_user = 0x2000,
+    DW_AT_hi_user = 0x3fff
+};
+
+/* Attribute form encodings */
+enum
+{
+    DW_FORM_addr = 0x01,
+    /* Reserved 0x02 */
+    DW_FORM_block2 = 0x03,
+    DW_FORM_block4 = 0x04,
+    DW_FORM_data2 = 0x05,
+    DW_FORM_data4 = 0x06,
+    DW_FORM_data8 = 0x07,
+    DW_FORM_string = 0x08,
+    DW_FORM_block = 0x09,
+    DW_FORM_block1 = 0x0a,
+    DW_FORM_data1 = 0x0b,
+    DW_FORM_flag = 0x0c,
+    DW_FORM_sdata = 0x0d,
+    DW_FORM_strp = 0x0e,
+    DW_FORM_udata = 0x0f,
+    DW_FORM_ref_addr = 0x10,
+    DW_FORM_ref1 = 0x11,
+    DW_FORM_ref2 = 0x12,
+    DW_FORM_ref4 = 0x13,
+    DW_FORM_ref8 = 0x14,
+    DW_FORM_ref_udata = 0x15,
+    DW_FORM_indirect = 0x16,
+    DW_FORM_sec_offset = 0x17,
+    DW_FORM_exprloc = 0x18,
+    DW_FORM_flag_present = 0x19,
+    DW_FORM_strx = 0x1a,
+    DW_FORM_addrx = 0x1b,
+    DW_FORM_ref_sup4 = 0x1c,
+    DW_FORM_strp_sup = 0x1d,
+    DW_FORM_data16 = 0x1e,
+    DW_FORM_line_strp = 0x1f,
+    DW_FORM_ref_sig8 = 0x20,
+    DW_FORM_implicit_const = 0x21,
+    DW_FORM_loclistx = 0x22,
+    DW_FORM_rnglistx = 0x23,
+    DW_FORM_ref_sup8 = 0x24,
+    DW_FORM_strx1 = 0x25,
+    DW_FORM_strx2 = 0x26,
+    DW_FORM_strx3 = 0x27,
+    DW_FORM_strx4 = 0x28,
+    DW_FORM_addrx1 = 0x29,
+    DW_FORM_addrx2 = 0x2a,
+    DW_FORM_addrx3 = 0x2b,
+    DW_FORM_addrx4 = 0x2c
+};
+
+enum {
+    VAL_none = 0,
+    VAL_cstr = 1,
+    VAL_data = 2,
+    VAL_uint = 3,
+    VAL_int = 4
+};
+
+# define ABBREV_TABLE_SIZE 256
+typedef struct {
+    obj_info_t *obj;
+    char *file;
+    char *current_cu;
+    uint64_t current_low_pc;
+    char *debug_line_cu_end;
+    char *debug_line_files;
+    char *debug_line_directories;
+    char *p;
+    char *cu_end;
+    char *pend;
+    char *q0;
+    char *q;
+    int format; // 4 or 8
+    uint8_t address_size;
+    int level;
+    char *abbrev_table[ABBREV_TABLE_SIZE];
+} DebugInfoReader;
+
+typedef struct {
+    ptrdiff_t pos;
+    int tag;
+    int has_children;
+} DIE;
+
+typedef struct {
+    union {
+        char *ptr;
+        uint64_t uint64;
+        int64_t int64;
+    } as;
+    uint64_t off;
+    uint64_t at;
+    uint64_t form;
+    size_t size;
+    int type;
+} DebugInfoValue;
+
+/* TODO: Big Endian */
+#define MERGE_2INTS(a,b,sz) (((uint64_t)(b)<<sz)|(a))
+
+static uint16_t
+get_uint16(const uint8_t *p)
+{
+    return (uint16_t)MERGE_2INTS(p[0],p[1],8);
+}
+
+static uint32_t
+get_uint32(const uint8_t *p)
+{
+    return (uint32_t)MERGE_2INTS(get_uint16(p),get_uint16(p+2),16);
+}
+
+static uint64_t
+get_uint64(const uint8_t *p)
+{
+    return MERGE_2INTS(get_uint32(p),get_uint32(p+4),32);
+}
+
+static uint8_t
+read_uint8(char **ptr)
+{
+    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)*ptr;
+    *ptr = (char *)(p + 1);
+    return *p;
+}
+
+static uint16_t
+read_uint16(char **ptr)
+{
+    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)*ptr;
+    *ptr = (char *)(p + 2);
+    return get_uint16(p);
+}
+
+static uint32_t
+read_uint24(char **ptr)
+{
+    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)*ptr;
+    *ptr = (char *)(p + 3);
+    return (*p << 16) | get_uint16(p+1);
+}
+
+static uint32_t
+read_uint32(char **ptr)
+{
+    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)*ptr;
+    *ptr = (char *)(p + 4);
+    return get_uint32(p);
+}
+
+static uint64_t
+read_uint64(char **ptr)
+{
+    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)*ptr;
+    *ptr = (char *)(p + 8);
+    return get_uint64(p);
+}
+
+static uintptr_t
+read_uintptr(char **ptr)
+{
+    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)*ptr;
+    *ptr = (char *)(p + SIZEOF_VOIDP);
+#if SIZEOF_VOIDP == 8
+    return get_uint64(p);
+#else
+    return get_uint32(p);
+#endif
+}
+
+static uint64_t
+read_uint(DebugInfoReader *reader)
+{
+    if (reader->format == 4) {
+        return read_uint32(&reader->p);
+    } else { /* 64 bit */
+        return read_uint64(&reader->p);
+    }
+}
+
+static uint64_t
+read_uleb128(DebugInfoReader *reader)
+{
+    return uleb128(&reader->p);
+}
+
+static int64_t
+read_sleb128(DebugInfoReader *reader)
+{
+    return sleb128(&reader->p);
 }
 
-/* read file and fill lines */
 static void
-fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, char **syms, int check_debuglink,
-	   line_info_t *current_line, line_info_t *lines)
+debug_info_reader_init(DebugInfoReader *reader, obj_info_t *obj)
 {
-    int i;
+    reader->file = obj->mapped;
+    reader->obj = obj;
+    reader->p = obj->debug_info.ptr;
+    reader->pend = obj->debug_info.ptr + obj->debug_info.size;
+    reader->debug_line_cu_end = obj->debug_line.ptr;
+    reader->current_low_pc = 0;
+}
+
+static void
+di_read_debug_abbrev_cu(DebugInfoReader *reader)
+{
+    uint64_t prev = 0;
+    char *p = reader->q0;
+    for (;;) {
+        uint64_t abbrev_number = uleb128(&p);
+        if (abbrev_number <= prev) break;
+        if (abbrev_number < ABBREV_TABLE_SIZE) {
+            reader->abbrev_table[abbrev_number] = p;
+        }
+        prev = abbrev_number;
+        uleb128(&p); /* tag */
+        p++; /* has_children */
+        /* skip content */
+        for (;;) {
+            uint64_t at = uleb128(&p);
+            uint64_t form = uleb128(&p);
+            if (!at && !form) break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+di_read_debug_line_cu(DebugInfoReader *reader)
+{
+    const char *p;
+    struct LineNumberProgramHeader header;
+
+    p = (const char *)reader->debug_line_cu_end;
+    if (parse_debug_line_header(&p, &header))
+        return -1;
+
+    reader->debug_line_cu_end = (char *)header.cu_end;
+    reader->debug_line_directories = (char *)header.include_directories;
+    reader->debug_line_files = (char *)header.filenames;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+set_uint_value(DebugInfoValue *v, uint64_t n)
+{
+    v->as.uint64 = n;
+    v->type = VAL_uint;
+}
+
+static void
+set_int_value(DebugInfoValue *v, int64_t n)
+{
+    v->as.int64 = n;
+    v->type = VAL_int;
+}
+
+static void
+set_cstr_value(DebugInfoValue *v, char *s)
+{
+    v->as.ptr = s;
+    v->off = 0;
+    v->type = VAL_cstr;
+}
+
+static void
+set_cstrp_value(DebugInfoValue *v, char *s, uint64_t off)
+{
+    v->as.ptr = s;
+    v->off = off;
+    v->type = VAL_cstr;
+}
+
+static void
+set_data_value(DebugInfoValue *v, char *s)
+{
+    v->as.ptr = s;
+    v->type = VAL_data;
+}
+
+static const char *
+get_cstr_value(DebugInfoValue *v)
+{
+    if (v->as.ptr) {
+        return v->as.ptr + v->off;
+    } else {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+debug_info_reader_read_value(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t form, DebugInfoValue *v)
+{
+    switch (form) {
+      case DW_FORM_addr:
+        if (reader->address_size == 4) {
+            set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+        } else if (reader->address_size == 8) {
+            set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
+        } else {
+            fprintf(stderr,"unknown address_size:%d", reader->address_size);
+            abort();
+        }
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_block2:
+        v->size = read_uint16(&reader->p);
+        set_data_value(v, reader->p);
+        reader->p += v->size;
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_block4:
+        v->size = read_uint32(&reader->p);
+        set_data_value(v, reader->p);
+        reader->p += v->size;
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_data2:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint16(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_data4:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_data8:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_string:
+        v->size = strlen(reader->p);
+        set_cstr_value(v, reader->p);
+        reader->p += v->size + 1;
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_block:
+        v->size = uleb128(&reader->p);
+        set_data_value(v, reader->p);
+        reader->p += v->size;
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_block1:
+        v->size = read_uint8(&reader->p);
+        set_data_value(v, reader->p);
+        reader->p += v->size;
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_data1:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint8(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_flag:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint8(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_sdata:
+        set_int_value(v, read_sleb128(reader));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_strp:
+        set_cstrp_value(v, reader->obj->debug_str.ptr, read_uint(reader));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_udata:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uleb128(reader));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_ref_addr:
+        if (reader->address_size == 4) {
+            set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+        } else if (reader->address_size == 8) {
+            set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
+        } else {
+            fprintf(stderr,"unknown address_size:%d", reader->address_size);
+            abort();
+        }
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_ref1:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint8(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_ref2:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint16(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_ref4:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_ref8:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_ref_udata:
+        set_uint_value(v, uleb128(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_indirect:
+        /* TODO: read the referred value */
+        set_uint_value(v, uleb128(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_sec_offset:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint(reader)); /* offset */
+        /* addrptr: debug_addr */
+        /* lineptr: debug_line */
+        /* loclist: debug_loclists */
+        /* loclistptr: debug_loclists */
+        /* macptr: debug_macro */
+        /* rnglist: debug_rnglists */
+        /* rnglistptr: debug_rnglists */
+        /* stroffsetsptr: debug_str_offsets */
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_exprloc:
+        v->size = (size_t)read_uleb128(reader);
+        set_data_value(v, reader->p);
+        reader->p += v->size;
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_flag_present:
+        set_uint_value(v, 1);
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_strx:
+        set_uint_value(v, uleb128(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_addrx:
+        /* TODO: read .debug_addr */
+        set_uint_value(v, uleb128(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_ref_sup4:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_strp_sup:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint(reader));
+        /* *p = reader->sup_file + reader->sup_str->sh_offset + ret; */
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_data16:
+        v->size = 16;
+        set_data_value(v, reader->p);
+        reader->p += v->size;
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_line_strp:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint(reader));
+        /* *p = reader->file + reader->line->sh_offset + ret; */
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_ref_sig8:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_implicit_const:
+        set_int_value(v, sleb128(&reader->q));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_loclistx:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uleb128(reader));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_rnglistx:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uleb128(reader));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_ref_sup8:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint64(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_strx1:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint8(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_strx2:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint16(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_strx3:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint24(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_strx4:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_addrx1:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint8(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_addrx2:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint16(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_addrx3:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint24(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case DW_FORM_addrx4:
+        set_uint_value(v, read_uint32(&reader->p));
+        break;
+      case 0:
+        goto fail;
+        break;
+    }
+    return;
+
+  fail:
+    fprintf(stderr, "%d: unsupported form: %#"PRIx64"\n", __LINE__, form);
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+/* find abbrev in current compilation unit */
+static char *
+di_find_abbrev(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t abbrev_number)
+{
+    char *p;
+    if (abbrev_number < ABBREV_TABLE_SIZE) {
+        return reader->abbrev_table[abbrev_number];
+    }
+    p = reader->abbrev_table[ABBREV_TABLE_SIZE-1];
+    /* skip 255th record */
+    uleb128(&p); /* tag */
+    p++; /* has_children */
+    /* skip content */
+    for (;;) {
+        uint64_t at = uleb128(&p);
+        uint64_t form = uleb128(&p);
+        if (!at && !form) break;
+    }
+    for (uint64_t n = uleb128(&p); abbrev_number != n; n = uleb128(&p)) {
+        if (n == 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr,"%d: Abbrev Number %"PRId64" not found\n",__LINE__, abbrev_number);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+        uleb128(&p); /* tag */
+        p++; /* has_children */
+        /* skip content */
+        for (;;) {
+            uint64_t at = uleb128(&p);
+            uint64_t form = uleb128(&p);
+            if (!at && !form) break;
+        }
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+#if 0
+static void
+hexdump0(const unsigned char *p, size_t n)
+{
+    size_t i;
+    fprintf(stderr, "     0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  A  B  C  D  E  F\n");
+    for (i=0; i < n; i++){
+        switch (i & 15) {
+          case 0:
+            fprintf(stderr, "%02zd: %02X ", i/16, p[i]);
+            break;
+          case 15:
+            fprintf(stderr, "%02X\n", p[i]);
+            break;
+          default:
+            fprintf(stderr, "%02X ", p[i]);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if ((i & 15) != 15) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+    }
+}
+#define hexdump(p,n) hexdump0((const unsigned char *)p, n)
+
+static void
+div_inspect(DebugInfoValue *v)
+{
+    switch (v->type) {
+      case VAL_uint:
+        fprintf(stderr,"%d: type:%d size:%zx v:%lx\n",__LINE__,v->type,v->size,v->as.uint64);
+        break;
+      case VAL_int:
+        fprintf(stderr,"%d: type:%d size:%zx v:%ld\n",__LINE__,v->type,v->size,(int64_t)v->as.uint64);
+        break;
+      case VAL_cstr:
+        fprintf(stderr,"%d: type:%d size:%zx v:'%s'\n",__LINE__,v->type,v->size,v->as.ptr);
+        break;
+      case VAL_data:
+        fprintf(stderr,"%d: type:%d size:%zx v:\n",__LINE__,v->type,v->size);
+        hexdump(v->as.ptr, 16);
+        break;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+static DIE *
+di_read_die(DebugInfoReader *reader, DIE *die)
+{
+    uint64_t abbrev_number = uleb128(&reader->p);
+    if (abbrev_number == 0) {
+        reader->level--;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    reader->q = di_find_abbrev(reader, abbrev_number);
+
+    die->pos = reader->p - reader->obj->debug_info.ptr - 1;
+    die->tag = (int)uleb128(&reader->q); /* tag */
+    die->has_children = *reader->q++; /* has_children */
+    if (die->has_children) {
+        reader->level++;
+    }
+    return die;
+}
+
+static DebugInfoValue *
+di_read_record(DebugInfoReader *reader, DebugInfoValue *vp)
+{
+    uint64_t at = uleb128(&reader->q);
+    uint64_t form = uleb128(&reader->q);
+    if (!at || !form) return NULL;
+    vp->at = at;
+    vp->form = form;
+    debug_info_reader_read_value(reader, form, vp);
+    return vp;
+}
+
+static void
+di_skip_records(DebugInfoReader *reader)
+{
+    for (;;) {
+        DebugInfoValue v = {{}};
+        uint64_t at = uleb128(&reader->q);
+        uint64_t form = uleb128(&reader->q);
+        if (!at || !form) return;
+        debug_info_reader_read_value(reader, form, &v);
+    }
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint64_t low_pc;
+    uint64_t high_pc;
+    uint64_t ranges;
+    bool low_pc_set;
+    bool high_pc_set;
+    bool ranges_set;
+} ranges_t;
+
+static void
+ranges_set(ranges_t *ptr, DebugInfoValue *v)
+{
+    switch (v->at) {
+      case DW_AT_low_pc:
+        ptr->low_pc = v->as.uint64;
+        ptr->low_pc_set = true;
+        break;
+      case DW_AT_high_pc:
+        if (v->form == DW_FORM_addr) {
+            ptr->high_pc = v->as.uint64;
+        }
+        else {
+            ptr->high_pc = ptr->low_pc + v->as.uint64;
+        }
+        ptr->high_pc_set = true;
+        break;
+      case DW_AT_ranges:
+        ptr->ranges = v->as.uint64;
+        ptr->ranges_set = true;
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+static uintptr_t
+ranges_include(DebugInfoReader *reader, ranges_t *ptr, uint64_t addr)
+{
+    if (ptr->high_pc_set) {
+        if (ptr->ranges_set || !ptr->low_pc_set) {
+            exit(1);
+        }
+        if (ptr->low_pc <= addr && addr <= ptr->high_pc) {
+            return (uintptr_t)ptr->low_pc;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (ptr->ranges_set) {
+        /* TODO: support base address selection entry */
+        char *p = reader->obj->debug_ranges.ptr + ptr->ranges;
+        uint64_t base = ptr->low_pc_set ? ptr->low_pc : reader->current_low_pc;
+        for (;;) {
+            uintptr_t from = read_uintptr(&p);
+            uintptr_t to = read_uintptr(&p);
+            if (!from && !to) break;
+            if (from == UINTPTR_MAX) {
+                /* base address selection entry */
+                base = to;
+            }
+            else if (base + from <= addr && addr < base + to) {
+                return from;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else if (ptr->low_pc_set) {
+        if (ptr->low_pc == addr) {
+            return (uintptr_t)ptr->low_pc;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+#if 0
+static void
+ranges_inspect(DebugInfoReader *reader, ranges_t *ptr)
+{
+    if (ptr->high_pc_set) {
+        if (ptr->ranges_set || !ptr->low_pc_set) {
+            fprintf(stderr,"low_pc_set:%d high_pc_set:%d ranges_set:%d\n",ptr->low_pc_set,ptr->high_pc_set,ptr->ranges_set);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+        fprintf(stderr,"low_pc:%"PRIx64" high_pc:%"PRIx64"\n",ptr->low_pc,ptr->high_pc);
+    }
+    else if (ptr->ranges_set) {
+        char *p = reader->obj->debug_ranges.ptr + ptr->ranges;
+        fprintf(stderr,"low_pc:%"PRIx64" ranges:%"PRIx64" %lx ",ptr->low_pc,ptr->ranges, p-reader->obj->mapped);
+        for (;;) {
+            uintptr_t from = read_uintptr(&p);
+            uintptr_t to = read_uintptr(&p);
+            if (!from && !to) break;
+            fprintf(stderr,"%"PRIx64"-%"PRIx64" ",ptr->low_pc+from,ptr->low_pc+to);
+        }
+        fprintf(stderr,"\n");
+    }
+    else if (ptr->low_pc_set) {
+        fprintf(stderr,"low_pc:%"PRIx64"\n",ptr->low_pc);
+    }
+    else {
+        fprintf(stderr,"empty\n");
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+static int
+di_read_cu(DebugInfoReader *reader)
+{
+    uint64_t unit_length;
+    uint16_t version;
+    uint64_t debug_abbrev_offset;
+    reader->format = 4;
+    reader->current_cu = reader->p;
+    unit_length = read_uint32(&reader->p);
+    if (unit_length == 0xffffffff) {
+        unit_length = read_uint64(&reader->p);
+        reader->format = 8;
+    }
+    reader->cu_end = reader->p + unit_length;
+    version = read_uint16(&reader->p);
+    if (version > 5) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else if (version == 5) {
+        /* unit_type = */ read_uint8(&reader->p);
+        reader->address_size = read_uint8(&reader->p);
+        debug_abbrev_offset = read_uint(reader);
+    }
+    else {
+        debug_abbrev_offset = read_uint(reader);
+        reader->address_size = read_uint8(&reader->p);
+    }
+    reader->q0 = reader->obj->debug_abbrev.ptr + debug_abbrev_offset;
+
+    reader->level = 0;
+    di_read_debug_abbrev_cu(reader);
+    if (di_read_debug_line_cu(reader)) return -1;
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER_BUILD_DATE)
+    /* Though DWARF specifies "the applicable base address defaults to the base
+       address of the compilation unit", but GCC seems to use zero as default */
+#else
+    do {
+        DIE die;
+
+        if (!di_read_die(reader, &die)) continue;
+
+        if (die.tag != DW_TAG_compile_unit) {
+            di_skip_records(reader);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* enumerate abbrev */
+        for (;;) {
+            DebugInfoValue v = {{}};
+            if (!di_read_record(reader, &v)) break;
+            switch (v.at) {
+              case DW_AT_low_pc:
+                reader->current_low_pc = v.as.uint64;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    } while (0);
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+read_abstract_origin(DebugInfoReader *reader, uint64_t abstract_origin, line_info_t *line)
+{
+    char *p = reader->p;
+    char *q = reader->q;
+    int level = reader->level;
+    DIE die;
+
+    reader->p = reader->current_cu + abstract_origin;
+    if (!di_read_die(reader, &die)) goto finish;
+
+    /* enumerate abbrev */
+    for (;;) {
+        DebugInfoValue v = {{}};
+        if (!di_read_record(reader, &v)) break;
+        switch (v.at) {
+          case DW_AT_name:
+            line->sname = get_cstr_value(&v);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+  finish:
+    reader->p = p;
+    reader->q = q;
+    reader->level = level;
+}
+
+static void
+debug_info_read(DebugInfoReader *reader, int num_traces, void **traces,
+         line_info_t *lines, int offset) {
+    while (reader->p < reader->cu_end) {
+        DIE die;
+        ranges_t ranges = {};
+        line_info_t line = {};
+
+        if (!di_read_die(reader, &die)) continue;
+        /* fprintf(stderr,"%d:%tx: <%d>\n",__LINE__,die.pos,reader->level,die.tag); */
+
+        if (die.tag != DW_TAG_subprogram && die.tag != DW_TAG_inlined_subroutine) {
+          skip_die:
+            di_skip_records(reader);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        /* enumerate abbrev */
+        for (;;) {
+            DebugInfoValue v = {{}};
+            /* ptrdiff_t pos = reader->p - reader->p0; */
+            if (!di_read_record(reader, &v)) break;
+            /* fprintf(stderr,"\n%d:%tx: AT:%lx FORM:%lx\n",__LINE__,pos,v.at,v.form); */
+            /* div_inspect(&v); */
+            switch (v.at) {
+              case DW_AT_name:
+                line.sname = get_cstr_value(&v);
+                break;
+              case DW_AT_call_file:
+                fill_filename((int)v.as.uint64, reader->debug_line_directories, reader->debug_line_files, &line, reader->obj);
+                break;
+              case DW_AT_call_line:
+                line.line = (int)v.as.uint64;
+                break;
+              case DW_AT_low_pc:
+              case DW_AT_high_pc:
+              case DW_AT_ranges:
+                ranges_set(&ranges, &v);
+                break;
+              case DW_AT_declaration:
+                goto skip_die;
+              case DW_AT_inline:
+                /* 1 or 3 */
+                break; /* goto skip_die; */
+              case DW_AT_abstract_origin:
+                read_abstract_origin(reader, v.as.uint64, &line);
+                break; /* goto skip_die; */
+            }
+        }
+        /* ranges_inspect(reader, &ranges); */
+        /* fprintf(stderr,"%d:%tx: %x ",__LINE__,diepos,die.tag); */
+        for (int i=offset; i < num_traces; i++) {
+            uintptr_t addr = (uintptr_t)traces[i];
+            uintptr_t offset = addr - reader->obj->base_addr + reader->obj->vmaddr;
+            uintptr_t saddr = ranges_include(reader, &ranges, offset);
+            if (saddr) {
+                /* fprintf(stderr, "%d:%tx: %d %lx->%lx %x %s: %s/%s %d %s %s %s\n",__LINE__,die.pos, i,addr,offset, die.tag,line.sname,line.dirname,line.filename,line.line,reader->obj->path,line.sname,lines[i].sname); */
+                if (lines[i].sname) {
+                    line_info_t *lp = malloc(sizeof(line_info_t));
+                    memcpy(lp, &lines[i], sizeof(line_info_t));
+                    lines[i].next = lp;
+                    lp->dirname = line.dirname;
+                    lp->filename = line.filename;
+                    lp->line = line.line;
+                    lp->saddr = 0;
+                }
+                lines[i].path = reader->obj->path;
+                lines[i].base_addr = line.base_addr;
+                lines[i].sname = line.sname;
+                lines[i].saddr = saddr + reader->obj->base_addr - reader->obj->vmaddr;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_ELF
+static unsigned long
+uncompress_debug_section(ElfW(Shdr) *shdr, char *file, char **ptr)
+{
+    *ptr = NULL;
+#ifdef SUPPORT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_LINE
+    ElfW(Chdr) *chdr = (ElfW(Chdr) *)(file + shdr->sh_offset);
+    unsigned long destsize = chdr->ch_size;
+    int ret = 0;
+
+    if (chdr->ch_type != ELFCOMPRESS_ZLIB) {
+	/* unsupported compression type */
+	return 0;
+    }
+
+    *ptr = malloc(destsize);
+    if (!*ptr) return 0;
+    ret = uncompress((Bytef *)*ptr, &destsize,
+	    (const Bytef*)chdr + sizeof(ElfW(Chdr)),
+            shdr->sh_size - sizeof(ElfW(Chdr)));
+    if (ret != Z_OK) goto fail;
+    return destsize;
+
+fail:
+    free(*ptr);
+    *ptr = NULL;
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* read file and fill lines */
+static uintptr_t
+fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, int check_debuglink,
+	   obj_info_t **objp, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
+{
+    int i, j;
     char *shstr;
-    char *section_name;
     ElfW(Ehdr) *ehdr;
     ElfW(Shdr) *shdr, *shstr_shdr;
-    ElfW(Shdr) *debug_line_shdr = NULL, *gnu_debuglink_shdr = NULL;
+    ElfW(Shdr) *gnu_debuglink_shdr = NULL;
+    ElfW(Shdr) *note_gnu_build_id = NULL;
     int fd;
     off_t filesize;
     char *file;
+    ElfW(Shdr) *symtab_shdr = NULL, *strtab_shdr = NULL;
+    ElfW(Shdr) *dynsym_shdr = NULL, *dynstr_shdr = NULL;
+    obj_info_t *obj = *objp;
+    uintptr_t dladdr_fbase = 0;
 
     fd = open(binary_filename, O_RDONLY);
     if (fd < 0) {
-	return;
+	goto fail;
     }
     filesize = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
     if (filesize < 0) {
 	int e = errno;
 	close(fd);
-	fprintf(stderr, "lseek: %s\n", strerror(e));
-	return;
+	kprintf("lseek: %s\n", strerror(e));
+	goto fail;
+    }
+#if SIZEOF_OFF_T > SIZEOF_SIZE_T
+    if (filesize > (off_t)SIZE_MAX) {
+	close(fd);
+	kprintf("Too large file %s\n", binary_filename);
+	goto fail;
     }
+#endif
     lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
     /* async-signal unsafe */
-    file = (char *)mmap(NULL, filesize, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
+    file = (char *)mmap(NULL, (size_t)filesize, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
     if (file == MAP_FAILED) {
 	int e = errno;
 	close(fd);
-	fprintf(stderr, "mmap: %s\n", strerror(e));
-	return;
+	kprintf("mmap: %s\n", strerror(e));
+	goto fail;
     }
+    close(fd);
 
-    current_line->fd = fd;
-    current_line->mapped = file;
-    current_line->mapped_size = filesize;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < num_traces; i++) {
-	const char *path;
-	size_t len;
-	if (get_path_from_symbol(syms[i], &path, &len) &&
-		!strncmp(path, binary_filename, len)) {
-	    lines[i].line = -1;
-	}
+    ehdr = (ElfW(Ehdr) *)file;
+    if (memcmp(ehdr->e_ident, "\177ELF", 4) != 0) {
+	/*
+	 * Huh? Maybe filename was overridden by setproctitle() and
+	 * it match non-elf file.
+	 */
+	goto fail;
     }
+    obj->mapped = file;
+    obj->mapped_size = (size_t)filesize;
 
-    ehdr = (ElfW(Ehdr) *)file;
     shdr = (ElfW(Shdr) *)(file + ehdr->e_shoff);
 
     shstr_shdr = shdr + ehdr->e_shstrndx;
     shstr = file + shstr_shdr->sh_offset;
 
     for (i = 0; i < ehdr->e_shnum; i++) {
-	section_name = shstr + shdr[i].sh_name;
-	if (!strcmp(section_name, ".debug_line")) {
-	    debug_line_shdr = shdr + i;
+        char *section_name = shstr + shdr[i].sh_name;
+	switch (shdr[i].sh_type) {
+	  case SHT_STRTAB:
+	    if (!strcmp(section_name, ".strtab")) {
+		strtab_shdr = shdr + i;
+	    }
+	    else if (!strcmp(section_name, ".dynstr")) {
+		dynstr_shdr = shdr + i;
+	    }
+	    break;
+	  case SHT_SYMTAB:
+	    /* if (!strcmp(section_name, ".symtab")) */
+	    symtab_shdr = shdr + i;
+	    break;
+	  case SHT_DYNSYM:
+	    /* if (!strcmp(section_name, ".dynsym")) */
+	    dynsym_shdr = shdr + i;
+	    break;
+          case SHT_NOTE:
+            if (!strcmp(section_name, ".note.gnu.build-id")) {
+                note_gnu_build_id = shdr + i;
+            }
+            break;
+	  case SHT_PROGBITS:
+	    if (!strcmp(section_name, ".gnu_debuglink")) {
+		gnu_debuglink_shdr = shdr + i;
+	    }
+            else {
+                const char *debug_section_names[] = {
+                    ".debug_abbrev",
+                    ".debug_info",
+                    ".debug_line",
+                    ".debug_ranges",
+                    ".debug_str"
+                };
+
+                for (j=0; j < DWARF_SECTION_COUNT; j++) {
+                    struct dwarf_section *s = obj_dwarf_section_at(obj, j);
+
+                    if (strcmp(section_name, debug_section_names[j]) != 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                    s->ptr = file + shdr[i].sh_offset;
+                    s->size = shdr[i].sh_size;
+                    s->flags = shdr[i].sh_flags;
+                    if (s->flags & SHF_COMPRESSED) {
+                        s->size = uncompress_debug_section(&shdr[i], file, &s->ptr);
+                        if (!s->size) goto fail;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
 	    break;
-	} else if (!strcmp(section_name, ".gnu_debuglink")) {
-	    gnu_debuglink_shdr = shdr + i;
 	}
     }
 
-    if (!debug_line_shdr) {
+    if (offset == -1) {
+	/* main executable */
+	offset = 0;
+	if (dynsym_shdr && dynstr_shdr) {
+	    char *strtab = file + dynstr_shdr->sh_offset;
+	    ElfW(Sym) *symtab = (ElfW(Sym) *)(file + dynsym_shdr->sh_offset);
+	    int symtab_count = (int)(dynsym_shdr->sh_size / sizeof(ElfW(Sym)));
+            void *handle = dlopen(NULL, RTLD_NOW|RTLD_LOCAL);
+            if (handle) {
+                for (j = 0; j < symtab_count; j++) {
+                    ElfW(Sym) *sym = &symtab[j];
+                    Dl_info info;
+                    void *s;
+                    if (ELF_ST_TYPE(sym->st_info) != STT_FUNC || sym->st_size == 0) continue;
+                    s = dlsym(handle, strtab + sym->st_name);
+                    if (s && dladdr(s, &info)) {
+                        obj->base_addr = dladdr_fbase;
+                        dladdr_fbase = (uintptr_t)info.dli_fbase;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                dlclose(handle);
+            }
+	    if (ehdr->e_type == ET_EXEC) {
+		obj->base_addr = 0;
+	    }
+	    else {
+		/* PIE (position-independent executable) */
+		obj->base_addr = dladdr_fbase;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (obj->debug_info.ptr && obj->debug_abbrev.ptr) {
+        DebugInfoReader reader;
+        debug_info_reader_init(&reader, obj);
+        i = 0;
+        while (reader.p < reader.pend) {
+            /* fprintf(stderr, "%d:%tx: CU[%d]\n", __LINE__, reader.p - reader.obj->debug_info.ptr, i++); */
+            if (di_read_cu(&reader)) goto use_symtab;
+            debug_info_read(&reader, num_traces, traces, lines, offset);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        /* This file doesn't have dwarf, use symtab or dynsym */
+use_symtab:
+        if (!symtab_shdr) {
+            /* This file doesn't have symtab, use dynsym instead */
+            symtab_shdr = dynsym_shdr;
+            strtab_shdr = dynstr_shdr;
+        }
+
+        if (symtab_shdr && strtab_shdr) {
+            char *strtab = file + strtab_shdr->sh_offset;
+            ElfW(Sym) *symtab = (ElfW(Sym) *)(file + symtab_shdr->sh_offset);
+            int symtab_count = (int)(symtab_shdr->sh_size / sizeof(ElfW(Sym)));
+            for (j = 0; j < symtab_count; j++) {
+                ElfW(Sym) *sym = &symtab[j];
+                uintptr_t saddr = (uintptr_t)sym->st_value + obj->base_addr;
+                if (ELF_ST_TYPE(sym->st_info) != STT_FUNC) continue;
+                for (i = offset; i < num_traces; i++) {
+                    uintptr_t d = (uintptr_t)traces[i] - saddr;
+                    if (lines[i].line > 0 || d > (uintptr_t)sym->st_size)
+                        continue;
+                    /* fill symbol name and addr from .symtab */
+                    if (!lines[i].sname) lines[i].sname = strtab + sym->st_name;
+                    lines[i].saddr = saddr;
+                    lines[i].path  = obj->path;
+                    lines[i].base_addr = obj->base_addr;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!obj->debug_line.ptr) {
 	/* This file doesn't have .debug_line section,
 	   let's check .gnu_debuglink section instead. */
 	if (gnu_debuglink_shdr && check_debuglink) {
 	    follow_debuglink(file + gnu_debuglink_shdr->sh_offset,
-			     num_traces, traces, syms,
-			     current_line, lines);
+			     num_traces, traces,
+			     objp, lines, offset);
 	}
-	return;
+        if (note_gnu_build_id && check_debuglink) {
+            ElfW(Nhdr) *nhdr = (ElfW(Nhdr)*) (file + note_gnu_build_id->sh_offset);
+            const char *build_id = (char *)(nhdr + 1) + nhdr->n_namesz;
+            follow_debuglink_build_id(build_id, nhdr->n_descsz,
+			       num_traces, traces,
+			       objp, lines, offset);
+        }
+	goto finish;
     }
 
-    parse_debug_line(num_traces, traces,
-		     file + debug_line_shdr->sh_offset,
-		     debug_line_shdr->sh_size,
-		     lines);
+    if (parse_debug_line(num_traces, traces,
+            obj->debug_line.ptr,
+            obj->debug_line.size,
+            obj, lines, offset) == -1)
+        goto fail;
+
+finish:
+    return dladdr_fbase;
+fail:
+    return (uintptr_t)-1;
 }
+#else /* Mach-O */
+/* read file and fill lines */
+static uintptr_t
+fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, int check_debuglink,
+        obj_info_t **objp, line_info_t *lines, int offset)
+{
+# ifdef __LP64__
+#  define LP(x) x##_64
+# else
+#  define LP(x) x
+# endif
+    int fd;
+    off_t filesize;
+    char *file, *p = NULL;
+    obj_info_t *obj = *objp;
+    struct LP(mach_header) *header;
+    uintptr_t dladdr_fbase = 0;
+
+    {
+        char *s = binary_filename;
+        char *base = strrchr(binary_filename, '/')+1;
+        size_t max = PATH_MAX;
+        size_t size = strlen(binary_filename);
+        size_t basesize = size - (base - binary_filename);
+        s += size;
+        max -= size;
+        p = s;
+        size = strlcpy(s, ".dSYM/Contents/Resources/DWARF/", max);
+        if (size == 0) goto fail;
+        s += size;
+        max -= size;
+        if (max <= basesize) goto fail;
+        memcpy(s, base, basesize);
+        s[basesize] = 0;
+
+        fd = open(binary_filename, O_RDONLY);
+        if (fd < 0) {
+            *p = 0; /* binary_filename becomes original file name */
+            fd = open(binary_filename, O_RDONLY);
+            if (fd < 0) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    filesize = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
+    if (filesize < 0) {
+        int e = errno;
+        close(fd);
+        kprintf("lseek: %s\n", strerror(e));
+        goto fail;
+    }
+#if SIZEOF_OFF_T > SIZEOF_SIZE_T
+    if (filesize > (off_t)SIZE_MAX) {
+        close(fd);
+        kprintf("Too large file %s\n", binary_filename);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+#endif
+    lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
+    /* async-signal unsafe */
+    file = (char *)mmap(NULL, (size_t)filesize, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
+    if (file == MAP_FAILED) {
+        int e = errno;
+        close(fd);
+        kprintf("mmap: %s\n", strerror(e));
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    close(fd);
 
-#ifdef HAVE_DL_ITERATE_PHDR
+    obj->mapped = file;
+    obj->mapped_size = (size_t)filesize;
 
-typedef struct {
-    int num_traces;
-    char **syms;
-    line_info_t *lines;
-} fill_base_addr_state_t;
+    header = (struct LP(mach_header) *)file;
+    if (header->magic == LP(MH_MAGIC)) {
+        /* non universal binary */
+        p = file;
+    }
+    else if (header->magic == FAT_CIGAM) {
+        struct LP(mach_header) *mhp = _NSGetMachExecuteHeader();
+        struct fat_header *fat = (struct fat_header *)file;
+        char *q = file + sizeof(*fat);
+        uint32_t nfat_arch = __builtin_bswap32(fat->nfat_arch);
+        /* fprintf(stderr,"%d: fat:%s %d\n",__LINE__, binary_filename,nfat_arch); */
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nfat_arch; i++) {
+            struct fat_arch *arch = (struct fat_arch *)q;
+            cpu_type_t cputype = __builtin_bswap32(arch->cputype);
+            cpu_subtype_t cpusubtype = __builtin_bswap32(arch->cpusubtype);
+            uint32_t offset = __builtin_bswap32(arch->offset);
+            /* fprintf(stderr,"%d: fat %d %x/%x %x/%x\n",__LINE__, i, mhp->cputype,mhp->cpusubtype, cputype,cpusubtype); */
+            if (mhp->cputype == cputype &&
+                    (cpu_subtype_t)(mhp->cpusubtype & ~CPU_SUBTYPE_MASK) == cpusubtype) {
+                p = file + offset;
+                file = p;
+                header = (struct LP(mach_header) *)p;
+                if (header->magic == LP(MH_MAGIC)) {
+                    goto found_mach_header;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            q += sizeof(*arch);
+        }
+        kprintf("'%s' is not a Mach-O universal binary file!\n",binary_filename);
+        close(fd);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    else {
+        kprintf("'%s' is not a "
+# ifdef __LP64__
+                "64"
+# else
+                "32"
+# endif
+                "-bit Mach-O file!\n",binary_filename);
+        close(fd);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+found_mach_header:
+    p += sizeof(*header);
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < (uint32_t)header->ncmds; i++) {
+        struct load_command *lcmd = (struct load_command *)p;
+        switch (lcmd->cmd) {
+          case LP(LC_SEGMENT):
+            {
+                static const char *debug_section_names[] = {
+                    "__debug_abbrev",
+                    "__debug_info",
+                    "__debug_line",
+                    "__debug_ranges",
+                    "__debug_str"
+                };
+                struct LP(segment_command) *scmd = (struct LP(segment_command) *)lcmd;
+                if (strcmp(scmd->segname, "__TEXT") == 0) {
+                    obj->vmaddr = scmd->vmaddr;
+                }
+                else if (strcmp(scmd->segname, "__DWARF") == 0) {
+                    p += sizeof(struct LP(segment_command));
+                    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < scmd->nsects; i++) {
+                        struct LP(section) *sect = (struct LP(section) *)p;
+                        p += sizeof(struct LP(section));
+                        for (int j=0; j < DWARF_SECTION_COUNT; j++) {
+                            struct dwarf_section *s = obj_dwarf_section_at(obj, j);
+
+                            if (strcmp(sect->sectname, debug_section_names[j]) != 0)
+                                continue;
+
+                            s->ptr = file + sect->offset;
+                            s->size = sect->size;
+                            s->flags = sect->flags;
+                            if (s->flags & SHF_COMPRESSED) {
+                                goto fail;
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+
+          case LC_SYMTAB:
+            {
+                struct symtab_command *cmd = (struct symtab_command *)lcmd;
+                struct LP(nlist) *nl = (struct LP(nlist) *)(file + cmd->symoff);
+                char *strtab = file + cmd->stroff, *sname = 0;
+                uint32_t j;
+                uintptr_t saddr = 0;
+                /* kprintf("[%2d]: %x/symtab %p\n", i, cmd->cmd, p); */
+                for (j = 0; j < cmd->nsyms; j++) {
+                    uintptr_t symsize, d;
+                    struct LP(nlist) *e = &nl[j];
+                        /* kprintf("[%2d][%4d]: %02x/%x/%x: %s %llx\n", i, j, e->n_type,e->n_sect,e->n_desc,strtab+e->n_un.n_strx,e->n_value); */
+                    if (e->n_type != N_FUN) continue;
+                    if (e->n_sect) {
+                        saddr = (uintptr_t)e->n_value + obj->base_addr - obj->vmaddr;
+                        sname = strtab + e->n_un.n_strx;
+                        /* kprintf("[%2d][%4d]: %02x/%x/%x: %s %llx\n", i, j, e->n_type,e->n_sect,e->n_desc,strtab+e->n_un.n_strx,e->n_value); */
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    for (int k = offset; k < num_traces; k++) {
+                        d = (uintptr_t)traces[k] - saddr;
+                        symsize = e->n_value;
+                        /* kprintf("%lx %lx %lx\n",saddr,symsize,traces[k]); */
+                        if (lines[k].line > 0 || d > (uintptr_t)symsize)
+                            continue;
+                        /* fill symbol name and addr from .symtab */
+                        if (!lines[k].sname) lines[k].sname = sname;
+                        lines[k].saddr = saddr;
+                        lines[k].path  = obj->path;
+                        lines[k].base_addr = obj->base_addr;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        p += lcmd->cmdsize;
+    }
 
-static int
-fill_base_addr(struct dl_phdr_info *info, size_t size, void *data)
+    if (obj->debug_info.ptr && obj->debug_abbrev.ptr) {
+        DebugInfoReader reader;
+        debug_info_reader_init(&reader, obj);
+        while (reader.p < reader.pend) {
+            if (di_read_cu(&reader)) goto fail;
+            debug_info_read(&reader, num_traces, traces, lines, offset);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (parse_debug_line(num_traces, traces,
+            obj->debug_line.ptr,
+            obj->debug_line.size,
+            obj, lines, offset) == -1)
+        goto fail;
+
+    return dladdr_fbase;
+fail:
+    return (uintptr_t)-1;
+}
+#endif
+
+#define HAVE_MAIN_EXE_PATH
+#if defined(__FreeBSD__)
+# include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#endif
+/* ssize_t main_exe_path(void)
+ *
+ * store the path of the main executable to `binary_filename`,
+ * and returns strlen(binary_filename).
+ * it is NUL terminated.
+ */
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__NetBSD__)
+static ssize_t
+main_exe_path(void)
 {
-    int i;
-    fill_base_addr_state_t *st = (fill_base_addr_state_t *)data;
-    for (i = 0; i < st->num_traces; i++) {
-	const char *path;
-	size_t len;
-	size_t name_len = strlen(info->dlpi_name);
-
-	if (get_path_from_symbol(st->syms[i], &path, &len) &&
-		(len == name_len || (len > name_len && path[len-name_len-1] == '/')) &&
-		!strncmp(path+len-name_len, info->dlpi_name, name_len)) {
-	    st->lines[i].base_addr = info->dlpi_addr;
-	}
+# if defined(__linux__)
+#  define PROC_SELF_EXE "/proc/self/exe"
+# elif defined(__NetBSD__)
+#  define PROC_SELF_EXE "/proc/curproc/exe"
+# endif
+    ssize_t len = readlink(PROC_SELF_EXE, binary_filename, PATH_MAX);
+    if (len < 0) return 0;
+    binary_filename[len] = 0;
+    return len;
+}
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
+static ssize_t
+main_exe_path(void)
+{
+    int mib[4] = {CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC, KERN_PROC_PATHNAME, -1};
+    size_t len = PATH_MAX;
+    int err = sysctl(mib, 4, binary_filename, &len, NULL, 0);
+    if (err) {
+	kprintf("Can't get the path of ruby");
+	return -1;
     }
-    return 0;
+    len--; /* sysctl sets strlen+1 */
+    return len;
 }
+#elif defined(HAVE_LIBPROC_H)
+static ssize_t
+main_exe_path(void)
+{
+    int len = proc_pidpath(getpid(), binary_filename, PATH_MAX);
+    if (len == 0) return 0;
+    binary_filename[len] = 0;
+    return len;
+}
+#else
+#undef HAVE_MAIN_EXE_PATH
+#endif
 
-#endif /* HAVE_DL_ITERATE_PHDR */
+static void
+print_line0(line_info_t *line, void *address)
+{
+    uintptr_t addr = (uintptr_t)address;
+    uintptr_t d = addr - line->saddr;
+    if (!address) {
+        /* inlined */
+        if (line->dirname && line->dirname[0]) {
+            kprintf("%s(%s) %s/%s:%d\n", line->path, line->sname, line->dirname, line->filename, line->line);
+        }
+        else {
+            kprintf("%s(%s) %s:%d\n", line->path, line->sname, line->filename, line->line);
+        }
+    }
+    else if (!line->path) {
+        kprintf("[0x%"PRIxPTR"]\n", addr);
+    }
+    else if (!line->saddr || !line->sname) {
+        kprintf("%s(0x%"PRIxPTR") [0x%"PRIxPTR"]\n", line->path, addr-line->base_addr, addr);
+    }
+    else if (line->line <= 0) {
+        kprintf("%s(%s+0x%"PRIxPTR") [0x%"PRIxPTR"]\n", line->path, line->sname,
+                d, addr);
+    }
+    else if (!line->filename) {
+        kprintf("%s(%s+0x%"PRIxPTR") [0x%"PRIxPTR"] ???:%d\n", line->path, line->sname,
+                d, addr, line->line);
+    }
+    else if (line->dirname && line->dirname[0]) {
+        kprintf("%s(%s+0x%"PRIxPTR") [0x%"PRIxPTR"] %s/%s:%d\n", line->path, line->sname,
+                d, addr, line->dirname, line->filename, line->line);
+    }
+    else {
+        kprintf("%s(%s+0x%"PRIxPTR") [0x%"PRIxPTR"] %s:%d\n", line->path, line->sname,
+                d, addr, line->filename, line->line);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+print_line(line_info_t *line, void *address)
+{
+    print_line0(line, address);
+    if (line->next) {
+        print_line(line->next, NULL);
+    }
+}
 
 void
-rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines(int num_traces, void **trace, char **syms)
+rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines(int num_traces, void **traces)
 {
     int i;
     /* async-signal unsafe */
-    line_info_t *lines = (line_info_t *)calloc(num_traces,
-					       sizeof(line_info_t));
-
-    /* Note that line info of shared objects might not be shown
-       if we don't have dl_iterate_phdr */
-#ifdef HAVE_DL_ITERATE_PHDR
-    fill_base_addr_state_t fill_base_addr_state;
-
-    fill_base_addr_state.num_traces = num_traces;
-    fill_base_addr_state.syms = syms;
-    fill_base_addr_state.lines = lines;
-    /* maybe async-signal unsafe */
-    dl_iterate_phdr(fill_base_addr, &fill_base_addr_state);
-#endif /* HAVE_DL_ITERATE_PHDR */
-
-    for (i = 0; i < num_traces; i++) {
-	const char *path;
-	size_t len;
-	if (lines[i].line) {
-	    continue;
-	}
-
-	if (!get_path_from_symbol(syms[i], &path, &len)) {
-	    continue;
+    line_info_t *lines = (line_info_t *)calloc(num_traces, sizeof(line_info_t));
+    obj_info_t *obj = NULL;
+    /* 2 is NULL + main executable */
+    void **dladdr_fbases = (void **)calloc(num_traces+2, sizeof(void *));
+#ifdef HAVE_MAIN_EXE_PATH
+    char *main_path = NULL; /* used on printing backtrace */
+    ssize_t len;
+    if ((len = main_exe_path()) > 0) {
+	main_path = (char *)alloca(len + 1);
+	if (main_path) {
+	    uintptr_t addr;
+	    memcpy(main_path, binary_filename, len+1);
+	    append_obj(&obj);
+	    obj->path = main_path;
+	    addr = fill_lines(num_traces, traces, 1, &obj, lines, -1);
+	    if (addr != (uintptr_t)-1) {
+		dladdr_fbases[0] = (void *)addr;
+	    }
 	}
-
-	strncpy(binary_filename, path, len);
-	binary_filename[len] = '\0';
-
-	fill_lines(num_traces, trace, syms, 1, &lines[i], lines);
     }
+#endif
 
-    /* fprintf may not be async-signal safe */
+    /* fill source lines by reading dwarf */
     for (i = 0; i < num_traces; i++) {
-	line_info_t *line = &lines[i];
-
-	if (line->line > 0) {
-	    fprintf(stderr, "%s ", syms[i]);
-	    if (line->filename) {
-		if (line->dirname && line->dirname[0]) {
-		    fprintf(stderr, "%s/", line->dirname);
+	Dl_info info;
+	if (lines[i].line) continue;
+	if (dladdr(traces[i], &info)) {
+	    const char *path;
+	    void **p;
+
+	    /* skip symbols which is in already checked objects */
+	    /* if the binary is strip-ed, this may effect */
+	    for (p=dladdr_fbases; *p; p++) {
+		if (*p == info.dli_fbase) {
+		    lines[i].path = info.dli_fname;
+		    lines[i].sname = info.dli_sname;
+		    goto next_line;
 		}
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s", line->filename);
-	    } else {
-		fprintf(stderr, "???");
 	    }
-	    fprintf(stderr, ":%d\n", line->line);
-	} else {
-	    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", syms[i]);
+	    *p = info.dli_fbase;
+
+	    append_obj(&obj);
+	    obj->base_addr = (uintptr_t)info.dli_fbase;
+	    path = info.dli_fname;
+	    obj->path = path;
+	    lines[i].path = path;
+            lines[i].sname = info.dli_sname;
+            lines[i].saddr = (uintptr_t)info.dli_saddr;
+	    strlcpy(binary_filename, path, PATH_MAX);
+	    if (fill_lines(num_traces, traces, 1, &obj, lines, i) == (uintptr_t)-1)
+		break;
 	}
+next_line:
+	continue;
     }
 
+    /* output */
     for (i = 0; i < num_traces; i++) {
-	line_info_t *line = &lines[i];
-	if (line->fd) {
-	    munmap(line->mapped, line->mapped_size);
-	    close(line->fd);
+        print_line(&lines[i], traces[i]);
+
+	/* FreeBSD's backtrace may show _start and so on */
+	if (lines[i].sname && strcmp("main", lines[i].sname) == 0)
+	    break;
+    }
+
+    /* free */
+    while (obj) {
+	obj_info_t *o = obj;
+        for (i=0; i < DWARF_SECTION_COUNT; i++) {
+            struct dwarf_section *s = obj_dwarf_section_at(obj, i);
+            if (s->flags & SHF_COMPRESSED) {
+                free(s->ptr);
+            }
+        }
+	if (obj->mapped_size) {
+	    munmap(obj->mapped, obj->mapped_size);
 	}
+	obj = o->next;
+	free(o);
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < num_traces; i++) {
+        line_info_t *line = lines[i].next;
+        while (line) {
+            line_info_t *l = line;
+            line = line->next;
+            free(l);
+        }
     }
     free(lines);
+    free(dladdr_fbases);
+}
+
+/* From FreeBSD's lib/libstand/printf.c */
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1986, 1988, 1991, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
+ * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
+ * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
+ * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
+ * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ *	@(#)subr_prf.c	8.3 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
+ */
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#define MAXNBUF (sizeof(intmax_t) * CHAR_BIT + 1)
+static inline int toupper(int c) { return ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') ? (c&0x5f) : c; }
+#define    hex2ascii(hex)  (hex2ascii_data[hex])
+static const char hex2ascii_data[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+static inline int imax(int a, int b) { return (a > b ? a : b); }
+static int kvprintf(char const *fmt, void (*func)(int), void *arg, int radix, va_list ap);
+
+static void putce(int c)
+{
+    char s[1];
+    ssize_t ret;
+
+    s[0] = (char)c;
+    ret = write(2, s, 1);
+    (void)ret;
+}
+
+static int
+kprintf(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	int retval;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	retval = kvprintf(fmt, putce, NULL, 10, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Put a NUL-terminated ASCII number (base <= 36) in a buffer in reverse
+ * order; return an optional length and a pointer to the last character
+ * written in the buffer (i.e., the first character of the string).
+ * The buffer pointed to by `nbuf' must have length >= MAXNBUF.
+ */
+static char *
+ksprintn(char *nbuf, uintmax_t num, int base, int *lenp, int upper)
+{
+	char *p, c;
+
+	p = nbuf;
+	*p = '\0';
+	do {
+		c = hex2ascii(num % base);
+		*++p = upper ? toupper(c) : c;
+	} while (num /= base);
+	if (lenp)
+		*lenp = (int)(p - nbuf);
+	return (p);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Scaled down version of printf(3).
+ *
+ * Two additional formats:
+ *
+ * The format %b is supported to decode error registers.
+ * Its usage is:
+ *
+ *	printf("reg=%b\n", regval, "<base><arg>*");
+ *
+ * where <base> is the output base expressed as a control character, e.g.
+ * \10 gives octal; \20 gives hex.  Each arg is a sequence of characters,
+ * the first of which gives the bit number to be inspected (origin 1), and
+ * the next characters (up to a control character, i.e. a character <= 32),
+ * give the name of the register.  Thus:
+ *
+ *	kvprintf("reg=%b\n", 3, "\10\2BITTWO\1BITONE\n");
+ *
+ * would produce output:
+ *
+ *	reg=3<BITTWO,BITONE>
+ *
+ * XXX:  %D  -- Hexdump, takes pointer and separator string:
+ *		("%6D", ptr, ":")   -> XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
+ *		("%*D", len, ptr, " " -> XX XX XX XX ...
+ */
+static int
+kvprintf(char const *fmt, void (*func)(int), void *arg, int radix, va_list ap)
+{
+#define PCHAR(c) {int cc=(c); if (func) (*func)(cc); else *d++ = cc; retval++; }
+	char nbuf[MAXNBUF];
+	char *d;
+	const char *p, *percent, *q;
+	unsigned char *up;
+	int ch, n;
+	uintmax_t num;
+	int base, lflag, qflag, tmp, width, ladjust, sharpflag, neg, sign, dot;
+	int cflag, hflag, jflag, tflag, zflag;
+	int dwidth, upper;
+	char padc;
+	int stop = 0, retval = 0;
+
+	num = 0;
+	if (!func)
+		d = (char *) arg;
+	else
+		d = NULL;
+
+	if (fmt == NULL)
+		fmt = "(fmt null)\n";
+
+	if (radix < 2 || radix > 36)
+		radix = 10;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		padc = ' ';
+		width = 0;
+		while ((ch = (unsigned char)*fmt++) != '%' || stop) {
+			if (ch == '\0')
+				return (retval);
+			PCHAR(ch);
+		}
+		percent = fmt - 1;
+		qflag = 0; lflag = 0; ladjust = 0; sharpflag = 0; neg = 0;
+		sign = 0; dot = 0; dwidth = 0; upper = 0;
+		cflag = 0; hflag = 0; jflag = 0; tflag = 0; zflag = 0;
+reswitch:	switch (ch = (unsigned char)*fmt++) {
+		case '.':
+			dot = 1;
+			goto reswitch;
+		case '#':
+			sharpflag = 1;
+			goto reswitch;
+		case '+':
+			sign = 1;
+			goto reswitch;
+		case '-':
+			ladjust = 1;
+			goto reswitch;
+		case '%':
+			PCHAR(ch);
+			break;
+		case '*':
+			if (!dot) {
+				width = va_arg(ap, int);
+				if (width < 0) {
+					ladjust = !ladjust;
+					width = -width;
+				}
+			} else {
+				dwidth = va_arg(ap, int);
+			}
+			goto reswitch;
+		case '0':
+			if (!dot) {
+				padc = '0';
+				goto reswitch;
+			}
+		case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+				for (n = 0;; ++fmt) {
+					n = n * 10 + ch - '0';
+					ch = *fmt;
+					if (ch < '0' || ch > '9')
+						break;
+				}
+			if (dot)
+				dwidth = n;
+			else
+				width = n;
+			goto reswitch;
+		case 'b':
+			num = (unsigned int)va_arg(ap, int);
+			p = va_arg(ap, char *);
+			for (q = ksprintn(nbuf, num, *p++, NULL, 0); *q;)
+				PCHAR(*q--);
+
+			if (num == 0)
+				break;
+
+			for (tmp = 0; *p;) {
+				n = *p++;
+				if (num & (1 << (n - 1))) {
+					PCHAR(tmp ? ',' : '<');
+					for (; (n = *p) > ' '; ++p)
+						PCHAR(n);
+					tmp = 1;
+				} else
+					for (; *p > ' '; ++p)
+						continue;
+			}
+			if (tmp)
+				PCHAR('>');
+			break;
+		case 'c':
+			PCHAR(va_arg(ap, int));
+			break;
+		case 'D':
+			up = va_arg(ap, unsigned char *);
+			p = va_arg(ap, char *);
+			if (!width)
+				width = 16;
+			while(width--) {
+				PCHAR(hex2ascii(*up >> 4));
+				PCHAR(hex2ascii(*up & 0x0f));
+				up++;
+				if (width)
+					for (q=p;*q;q++)
+						PCHAR(*q);
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'd':
+		case 'i':
+			base = 10;
+			sign = 1;
+			goto handle_sign;
+		case 'h':
+			if (hflag) {
+				hflag = 0;
+				cflag = 1;
+			} else
+				hflag = 1;
+			goto reswitch;
+		case 'j':
+			jflag = 1;
+			goto reswitch;
+		case 'l':
+			if (lflag) {
+				lflag = 0;
+				qflag = 1;
+			} else
+				lflag = 1;
+			goto reswitch;
+		case 'n':
+			if (jflag)
+				*(va_arg(ap, intmax_t *)) = retval;
+			else if (qflag)
+				*(va_arg(ap, int64_t *)) = retval;
+			else if (lflag)
+				*(va_arg(ap, long *)) = retval;
+			else if (zflag)
+				*(va_arg(ap, size_t *)) = retval;
+			else if (hflag)
+				*(va_arg(ap, short *)) = retval;
+			else if (cflag)
+				*(va_arg(ap, char *)) = retval;
+			else
+				*(va_arg(ap, int *)) = retval;
+			break;
+		case 'o':
+			base = 8;
+			goto handle_nosign;
+		case 'p':
+			base = 16;
+			sharpflag = (width == 0);
+			sign = 0;
+			num = (uintptr_t)va_arg(ap, void *);
+			goto number;
+		case 'q':
+			qflag = 1;
+			goto reswitch;
+		case 'r':
+			base = radix;
+			if (sign)
+				goto handle_sign;
+			goto handle_nosign;
+		case 's':
+			p = va_arg(ap, char *);
+			if (p == NULL)
+				p = "(null)";
+			if (!dot)
+				n = (int)strlen (p);
+			else
+				for (n = 0; n < dwidth && p[n]; n++)
+					continue;
+
+			width -= n;
+
+			if (!ladjust && width > 0)
+				while (width--)
+					PCHAR(padc);
+			while (n--)
+				PCHAR(*p++);
+			if (ladjust && width > 0)
+				while (width--)
+					PCHAR(padc);
+			break;
+		case 't':
+			tflag = 1;
+			goto reswitch;
+		case 'u':
+			base = 10;
+			goto handle_nosign;
+		case 'X':
+			upper = 1;
+		case 'x':
+			base = 16;
+			goto handle_nosign;
+		case 'y':
+			base = 16;
+			sign = 1;
+			goto handle_sign;
+		case 'z':
+			zflag = 1;
+			goto reswitch;
+handle_nosign:
+			sign = 0;
+			if (jflag)
+				num = va_arg(ap, uintmax_t);
+			else if (qflag)
+				num = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);
+			else if (tflag)
+				num = va_arg(ap, ptrdiff_t);
+			else if (lflag)
+				num = va_arg(ap, unsigned long);
+			else if (zflag)
+				num = va_arg(ap, size_t);
+			else if (hflag)
+				num = (unsigned short)va_arg(ap, int);
+			else if (cflag)
+				num = (unsigned char)va_arg(ap, int);
+			else
+				num = va_arg(ap, unsigned int);
+			goto number;
+handle_sign:
+			if (jflag)
+				num = va_arg(ap, intmax_t);
+			else if (qflag)
+				num = va_arg(ap, int64_t);
+			else if (tflag)
+				num = va_arg(ap, ptrdiff_t);
+			else if (lflag)
+				num = va_arg(ap, long);
+			else if (zflag)
+				num = va_arg(ap, ssize_t);
+			else if (hflag)
+				num = (short)va_arg(ap, int);
+			else if (cflag)
+				num = (char)va_arg(ap, int);
+			else
+				num = va_arg(ap, int);
+number:
+			if (sign && (intmax_t)num < 0) {
+				neg = 1;
+				num = -(intmax_t)num;
+			}
+			p = ksprintn(nbuf, num, base, &n, upper);
+			tmp = 0;
+			if (sharpflag && num != 0) {
+				if (base == 8)
+					tmp++;
+				else if (base == 16)
+					tmp += 2;
+			}
+			if (neg)
+				tmp++;
+
+			if (!ladjust && padc == '0')
+				dwidth = width - tmp;
+			width -= tmp + imax(dwidth, n);
+			dwidth -= n;
+			if (!ladjust)
+				while (width-- > 0)
+					PCHAR(' ');
+			if (neg)
+				PCHAR('-');
+			if (sharpflag && num != 0) {
+				if (base == 8) {
+					PCHAR('0');
+				} else if (base == 16) {
+					PCHAR('0');
+					PCHAR('x');
+				}
+			}
+			while (dwidth-- > 0)
+				PCHAR('0');
+
+			while (*p)
+				PCHAR(*p--);
+
+			if (ladjust)
+				while (width-- > 0)
+					PCHAR(' ');
+
+			break;
+		default:
+			while (percent < fmt)
+				PCHAR(*percent++);
+			/*
+			 * Since we ignore an formatting argument it is no
+			 * longer safe to obey the remaining formatting
+			 * arguments as the arguments will no longer match
+			 * the format specs.
+			 */
+			stop = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+#undef PCHAR
+}
 #else /* defined(USE_ELF) */
 #error not supported
 #endif
diff --git a/addr2line.h b/addr2line.h
index 3782d89e07..f09b665800 100644
--- a/addr2line.h
+++ b/addr2line.h
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#ifndef RUBY_ADDR2LINE_H
+#define RUBY_ADDR2LINE_H
 /**********************************************************************
 
   addr2line.h -
@@ -8,13 +10,10 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#ifndef RUBY_ADDR2LINE_H
-#define RUBY_ADDR2LINE_H
-
-#ifdef USE_ELF
+#if (defined(USE_ELF) || defined(HAVE_MACH_O_LOADER_H))
 
 void
-rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, char **syms);
+rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines(int num_traces, void **traces);
 
 #endif /* USE_ELF */
 
diff --git a/appveyor.yml b/appveyor.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..78e3102008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/appveyor.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+---
+version: '{build}'
+init:
+  - git config --global user.name git
+  - git config --global user.email svn-admin@ruby-lang.org
+clone_depth: 10
+platform:
+  - x64
+environment:
+  ruby_version: "24-%Platform%"
+  matrix:
+    - build: vs
+      vs: 120
+      ssl: OpenSSL
+      APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+      GEMS_FOR_TEST: ""
+    - build: vs
+      vs: 140
+      ssl: OpenSSL-v111
+      APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+      GEMS_FOR_TEST: ""
+  RELINE_TEST_ENCODING: "Windows-31J"
+  UPDATE_UNICODE: "UNICODE_FILES=. UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES=. UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES=. UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES=."
+cache:
+  - c:\Tools\vcpkg\installed\
+for:
+-
+  matrix:
+    only:
+      - build: vs
+  install:
+    - ver
+    - chcp
+    - SET BITS=%Platform:x86=32%
+    - SET BITS=%BITS:x=%
+    - SET OPENSSL_DIR=C:\%ssl%-Win%BITS%
+    - cd C:\Tools\vcpkg
+    - git pull -q
+    - .\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat
+    - cd %APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%
+    - vcpkg --triplet %Platform%-windows install libffi libyaml zlib
+    - set PATH=c:\Tools\vcpkg\installed\%Platform%-windows\bin;%PATH%
+    - CALL SET vcvars=%%^VS%VS%COMNTOOLS^%%..\..\VC\vcvarsall.bat
+    - SET vcvars
+    - '"%vcvars%" %Platform:x64=amd64%'
+    - SET ruby_path=C:\Ruby%ruby_version:-x86=%
+    - SET PATH=\usr\local\bin;%ruby_path%\bin;%PATH%;C:\msys64\mingw64\bin;C:\msys64\usr\bin
+    - ruby --version
+    - 'cl'
+    - echo> Makefile srcdir=.
+    - echo>> Makefile MSC_VER=0
+    - echo>> Makefile RT=none
+    - echo>> Makefile RT_VER=0
+    - echo>> Makefile BUILTIN_ENCOBJS=nul
+    - type win32\Makefile.sub >> Makefile
+    - nmake %mflags% touch-unicode-files
+    - nmake %mflags% %UPDATE_UNICODE% incs
+    - nmake %mflags% extract-extlibs
+    - del Makefile
+    - mkdir \usr\local\bin
+    - mkdir \usr\local\include
+    - mkdir \usr\local\lib
+    - for %%I in (%OPENSSL_DIR%\*.dll) do mklink /h \usr\local\bin\%%~nxI %%I
+    - attrib +r /s /d
+    - mkdir %Platform%-mswin_%vs%
+  build_script:
+    - cd %APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%
+    - cd %Platform%-mswin_%vs%
+    - >-
+      ..\win32\configure.bat
+      --without-ext=+,dbm,gdbm,readline
+      --with-opt-dir="/usr/local;c:/Tools/vcpkg/installed/%Platform%-windows"
+      --with-openssl-dir=%OPENSSL_DIR:\=/%
+    - nmake -l
+    - nmake install-nodoc
+    - \usr\bin\ruby -v -e "p :locale => Encoding.find('locale'), :filesystem => Encoding.find('filesystem')"
+    - if not "%GEMS_FOR_TEST%" == "" \usr\bin\gem install --no-document %GEMS_FOR_TEST%
+    - \usr\bin\ruby -ropenssl -e "puts 'Build    ' + OpenSSL::OPENSSL_VERSION, 'Runtime  ' + OpenSSL::OPENSSL_LIBRARY_VERSION"
+  test_script:
+    - set /a JOBS=%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%
+    - nmake -l "TESTOPTS=-v -q" btest
+    - nmake -l "TESTOPTS=-v -q" test-basic
+    - nmake -l "TESTOPTS=-v --timeout-scale=3.0 --excludes=../test/excludes/_appveyor -j%JOBS% --exclude readline --exclude win32ole --exclude test_bignum --exclude test_syntax --exclude test_open-uri --exclude test_bundled_ca" test-all
+    # separately execute tests without -j which may crash worker with -j.
+    - nmake -l "TESTOPTS=-v --timeout-scale=3.0 --excludes=../test/excludes/_appveyor" test-all TESTS="../test/win32ole ../test/ruby/test_bignum.rb ../test/ruby/test_syntax.rb ../test/open-uri/test_open-uri.rb ../test/rubygems/test_bundled_ca.rb"
+    - nmake -l test-spec MSPECOPT=-fs # not using `-j` because sometimes `mspec -j` silently dies on Windows
+notifications:
+  - provider: Webhook
+    method: POST
+    url:
+      secure: CcFlJNDJ/a6to7u3Z4Fnz6dScEPNx7hTha2GkSRlV+1U6dqmxY/7uBcLXYb9gR3jfQk6w+2o/HrjNAyXMNGU/JOka3s2WRI4VKitzM+lQ08owvJIh0R7LxrGH0J2e81U # ruby-lang slack: ruby/simpler-alerts-bot
+    body: >-
+      {{^isPullRequest}}
+        {
+          "ci": "AppVeyor CI",
+          "env": "Visual Studio 2013 / 2015",
+          "url": "{{buildUrl}}",
+          "commit": "{{commitId}}",
+          "branch": "{{branch}}"
+        }
+      {{/isPullRequest}}
+    on_build_success: false
+    on_build_failure: true
+    on_build_status_changed: false
diff --git a/array.c b/array.c
index 73f7669f94..b48a6431e7 100644
--- a/array.c
+++ b/array.c
@@ -11,63 +11,87 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#include "ruby/ruby.h"
-#include "ruby/util.h"
-#include "ruby/st.h"
-#include "ruby/encoding.h"
+#include "debug_counter.h"
+#include "id.h"
 #include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/array.h"
+#include "internal/compar.h"
+#include "internal/enum.h"
+#include "internal/gc.h"
+#include "internal/hash.h"
+#include "internal/numeric.h"
+#include "internal/object.h"
+#include "internal/proc.h"
+#include "internal/rational.h"
+#include "internal/vm.h"
+#include "probes.h"
+#include "ruby/encoding.h"
+#include "ruby/st.h"
+#include "ruby/util.h"
+#include "transient_heap.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
 
-#ifndef ARRAY_DEBUG
+#if !ARRAY_DEBUG
+# undef NDEBUG
 # define NDEBUG
 #endif
-#include <assert.h>
-
-#define numberof(array) (int)(sizeof(array) / sizeof((array)[0]))
+#include "ruby_assert.h"
 
 VALUE rb_cArray;
 
-static ID id_cmp;
+/* for OPTIMIZED_CMP: */
+#define id_cmp idCmp
 
 #define ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE 16
 #define ARY_MAX_SIZE (LONG_MAX / (int)sizeof(VALUE))
+#define SMALL_ARRAY_LEN 16
 
-void
-rb_mem_clear(register VALUE *mem, register long size)
+RBIMPL_ATTR_MAYBE_UNUSED()
+static int
+should_be_T_ARRAY(VALUE ary)
 {
-    while (size--) {
-	*mem++ = Qnil;
-    }
+    return RB_TYPE_P(ary, T_ARRAY);
 }
 
-static inline void
-memfill(register VALUE *mem, register long size, register VALUE val)
+RBIMPL_ATTR_MAYBE_UNUSED()
+static int
+should_not_be_shared_and_embedded(VALUE ary)
 {
-    while (size--) {
-	*mem++ = val;
-    }
+    return !FL_TEST((ary), ELTS_SHARED) || !FL_TEST((ary), RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG);
 }
 
-# define ARY_SHARED_P(ary) \
-    (assert(!FL_TEST((ary), ELTS_SHARED) || !FL_TEST((ary), RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG)), \
-     FL_TEST((ary),ELTS_SHARED)!=0)
-# define ARY_EMBED_P(ary) \
-    (assert(!FL_TEST((ary), ELTS_SHARED) || !FL_TEST((ary), RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG)), \
-     FL_TEST((ary), RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG)!=0)
+#define ARY_SHARED_P(ary) \
+  (assert(should_be_T_ARRAY((VALUE)(ary))), \
+   assert(should_not_be_shared_and_embedded((VALUE)ary)), \
+   FL_TEST_RAW((ary),ELTS_SHARED)!=0)
+
+#define ARY_EMBED_P(ary) \
+  (assert(should_be_T_ARRAY((VALUE)(ary))), \
+   assert(should_not_be_shared_and_embedded((VALUE)ary)), \
+   FL_TEST_RAW((ary), RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG) != 0)
 
 #define ARY_HEAP_PTR(a) (assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(a)), RARRAY(a)->as.heap.ptr)
 #define ARY_HEAP_LEN(a) (assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(a)), RARRAY(a)->as.heap.len)
+#define ARY_HEAP_CAPA(a) (assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(a)), assert(!ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(a)), \
+                          RARRAY(a)->as.heap.aux.capa)
+
 #define ARY_EMBED_PTR(a) (assert(ARY_EMBED_P(a)), RARRAY(a)->as.ary)
 #define ARY_EMBED_LEN(a) \
     (assert(ARY_EMBED_P(a)), \
      (long)((RBASIC(a)->flags >> RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT) & \
 	 (RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MASK >> RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT)))
+#define ARY_HEAP_SIZE(a) (assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(a)), assert(ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(a)), ARY_CAPA(a) * sizeof(VALUE))
+
+#define ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(a) (assert(should_be_T_ARRAY((VALUE)(a))), \
+                            !FL_TEST_RAW((a), ELTS_SHARED|RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG))
 
-#define ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(a) (!FL_TEST((a), ELTS_SHARED|RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG))
 #define FL_SET_EMBED(a) do { \
     assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(a)); \
-    assert(!OBJ_FROZEN(a)); \
     FL_SET((a), RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG); \
+    RARY_TRANSIENT_UNSET(a); \
+    ary_verify(a); \
 } while (0)
+
 #define FL_UNSET_EMBED(ary) FL_UNSET((ary), RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG|RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MASK)
 #define FL_SET_SHARED(ary) do { \
     assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); \
@@ -116,7 +140,7 @@ memfill(register VALUE *mem, register long size, register VALUE val)
 } while (0)
 
 #define ARY_CAPA(ary) (ARY_EMBED_P(ary) ? RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX : \
-		       ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary) ? RARRAY_LEN(ary) : RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa)
+                       ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary) ? RARRAY_LEN(ary) : ARY_HEAP_CAPA(ary))
 #define ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, n) do { \
     assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); \
     assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(ary)); \
@@ -124,57 +148,343 @@ memfill(register VALUE *mem, register long size, register VALUE val)
     RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa = (n); \
 } while (0)
 
-#define ARY_SHARED(ary) (assert(ARY_SHARED_P(ary)), RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.shared)
+#define ARY_SHARED_ROOT(ary) (assert(ARY_SHARED_P(ary)), RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.shared_root)
 #define ARY_SET_SHARED(ary, value) do { \
-    assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); \
-    assert(ARY_SHARED_P(ary)); \
-    assert(ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(value)); \
-    RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.shared = (value); \
+    const VALUE _ary_ = (ary); \
+    const VALUE _value_ = (value); \
+    assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(_ary_)); \
+    assert(ARY_SHARED_P(_ary_)); \
+    assert(ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(_value_)); \
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(_ary_, &RARRAY(_ary_)->as.heap.aux.shared_root, _value_); \
 } while (0)
 #define RARRAY_SHARED_ROOT_FLAG FL_USER5
-#define ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary) (FL_TEST((ary), RARRAY_SHARED_ROOT_FLAG))
-#define ARY_SHARED_NUM(ary) \
+#define ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary) (assert(should_be_T_ARRAY((VALUE)(ary))), \
+                                FL_TEST_RAW((ary), RARRAY_SHARED_ROOT_FLAG))
+#define ARY_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(ary) \
     (assert(ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary)), RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa)
-#define ARY_SET_SHARED_NUM(ary, value) do { \
+#define ARY_SHARED_ROOT_OCCUPIED(ary) (ARY_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(ary) == 1)
+#define ARY_SET_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(ary, value) do { \
     assert(ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary)); \
     RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa = (value); \
 } while (0)
 #define FL_SET_SHARED_ROOT(ary) do { \
     assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); \
+    assert(!RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary)); \
     FL_SET((ary), RARRAY_SHARED_ROOT_FLAG); \
 } while (0)
 
+static inline void
+ARY_SET(VALUE a, long i, VALUE v)
+{
+    assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(a));
+    assert(!OBJ_FROZEN(a));
+
+    RARRAY_ASET(a, i, v);
+}
+#undef RARRAY_ASET
+
+
+#if ARRAY_DEBUG
+#define ary_verify(ary) ary_verify_(ary, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+static VALUE
+ary_verify_(VALUE ary, const char *file, int line)
+{
+    assert(RB_TYPE_P(ary, T_ARRAY));
+
+    if (FL_TEST(ary, ELTS_SHARED)) {
+        VALUE root = RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.shared_root;
+        const VALUE *ptr = ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary);
+        const VALUE *root_ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(root);
+        long len = ARY_HEAP_LEN(ary), root_len = RARRAY_LEN(root);
+        assert(FL_TEST(root, RARRAY_SHARED_ROOT_FLAG));
+        assert(root_ptr <= ptr && ptr + len <= root_ptr + root_len);
+        ary_verify(root);
+    }
+    else if (ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) {
+        assert(!RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary));
+        assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(ary));
+        assert(RARRAY_LEN(ary) <= RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX);
+    }
+    else {
+#if 1
+        const VALUE *ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
+        long i, len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+        volatile VALUE v;
+        if (len > 1) len = 1; /* check only HEAD */
+        for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
+            v = ptr[i]; /* access check */
+        }
+        v = v;
+#endif
+    }
+
+#if USE_TRANSIENT_HEAP
+    if (RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary)) {
+        assert(rb_transient_heap_managed_ptr_p(RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary)));
+    }
+#endif
+
+    rb_transient_heap_verify();
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
+void
+rb_ary_verify(VALUE ary)
+{
+    ary_verify(ary);
+}
+#else
+#define ary_verify(ary) ((void)0)
+#endif
+
+VALUE *
+rb_ary_ptr_use_start(VALUE ary)
+{
+#if ARRAY_DEBUG
+    FL_SET_RAW(ary, RARRAY_PTR_IN_USE_FLAG);
+#endif
+    return (VALUE *)RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
+}
+
+void
+rb_ary_ptr_use_end(VALUE ary)
+{
+#if ARRAY_DEBUG
+    FL_UNSET_RAW(ary, RARRAY_PTR_IN_USE_FLAG);
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+rb_mem_clear(VALUE *mem, long size)
+{
+    while (size--) {
+	*mem++ = Qnil;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ary_mem_clear(VALUE ary, long beg, long size)
+{
+    RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
+	rb_mem_clear(ptr + beg, size);
+    });
+}
+
+static inline void
+memfill(register VALUE *mem, register long size, register VALUE val)
+{
+    while (size--) {
+	*mem++ = val;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ary_memfill(VALUE ary, long beg, long size, VALUE val)
+{
+    RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
+	memfill(ptr + beg, size, val);
+	RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(ary, Qundef, val);
+    });
+}
+
+static void
+ary_memcpy0(VALUE ary, long beg, long argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE buff_owner_ary)
+{
+    assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(buff_owner_ary));
+
+    if (argc > (int)(128/sizeof(VALUE)) /* is magic number (cache line size) */) {
+        rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(buff_owner_ary);
+        RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
+            MEMCPY(ptr+beg, argv, VALUE, argc);
+        });
+    }
+    else {
+        int i;
+        RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
+            for (i=0; i<argc; i++) {
+                RB_OBJ_WRITE(buff_owner_ary, &ptr[i+beg], argv[i]);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ary_memcpy(VALUE ary, long beg, long argc, const VALUE *argv)
+{
+    ary_memcpy0(ary, beg, argc, argv, ary);
+}
+
+static VALUE *
+ary_heap_alloc(VALUE ary, size_t capa)
+{
+    VALUE *ptr = rb_transient_heap_alloc(ary, sizeof(VALUE) * capa);
+
+    if (ptr != NULL) {
+        RARY_TRANSIENT_SET(ary);
+    }
+    else {
+        RARY_TRANSIENT_UNSET(ary);
+        ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, capa);
+    }
+
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+static void
+ary_heap_free_ptr(VALUE ary, const VALUE *ptr, long size)
+{
+    if (RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary)) {
+        /* ignore it */
+    }
+    else {
+        ruby_sized_xfree((void *)ptr, size);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ary_heap_free(VALUE ary)
+{
+    if (RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary)) {
+        RARY_TRANSIENT_UNSET(ary);
+    }
+    else {
+        ary_heap_free_ptr(ary, ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary), ARY_HEAP_SIZE(ary));
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ary_heap_realloc(VALUE ary, size_t new_capa)
+{
+    size_t old_capa = ARY_HEAP_CAPA(ary);
+
+    if (RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary)) {
+        if (new_capa <= old_capa) {
+            /* do nothing */
+        }
+        else {
+            VALUE *new_ptr = rb_transient_heap_alloc(ary, sizeof(VALUE) * new_capa);
+
+            if (new_ptr == NULL) {
+                new_ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, new_capa);
+                RARY_TRANSIENT_UNSET(ary);
+            }
+
+            MEMCPY(new_ptr, ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary), VALUE, old_capa);
+            ARY_SET_PTR(ary, new_ptr);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        SIZED_REALLOC_N(RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.ptr, VALUE, new_capa, old_capa);
+    }
+    ary_verify(ary);
+}
+
+#if USE_TRANSIENT_HEAP
+static inline void
+rb_ary_transient_heap_evacuate_(VALUE ary, int transient, int promote)
+{
+    if (transient) {
+        VALUE *new_ptr;
+        const VALUE *old_ptr = ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary);
+        long capa = ARY_HEAP_CAPA(ary);
+        long len  = ARY_HEAP_LEN(ary);
+
+        if (ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary)) {
+            capa = len;
+        }
+
+        assert(ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(ary));
+        assert(RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary));
+        assert(!ARY_PTR_USING_P(ary));
+
+        if (promote) {
+            new_ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, capa);
+            RARY_TRANSIENT_UNSET(ary);
+        }
+        else {
+            new_ptr = ary_heap_alloc(ary, capa);
+        }
+
+        MEMCPY(new_ptr, old_ptr, VALUE, capa);
+        /* do not use ARY_SET_PTR() because they assert !frozen */
+        RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.ptr = new_ptr;
+    }
+
+    ary_verify(ary);
+}
+
+void
+rb_ary_transient_heap_evacuate(VALUE ary, int promote)
+{
+    rb_ary_transient_heap_evacuate_(ary, RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary), promote);
+}
+
+void
+rb_ary_detransient(VALUE ary)
+{
+    assert(RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary));
+    rb_ary_transient_heap_evacuate_(ary, TRUE, TRUE);
+}
+#else
+void
+rb_ary_detransient(VALUE ary)
+{
+    /* do nothing */
+}
+#endif
+
 static void
 ary_resize_capa(VALUE ary, long capacity)
 {
     assert(RARRAY_LEN(ary) <= capacity);
     assert(!OBJ_FROZEN(ary));
     assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(ary));
+
     if (capacity > RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
         if (ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) {
             long len = ARY_EMBED_LEN(ary);
-            VALUE *ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, (capacity));
+            VALUE *ptr = ary_heap_alloc(ary, capacity);
+
             MEMCPY(ptr, ARY_EMBED_PTR(ary), VALUE, len);
             FL_UNSET_EMBED(ary);
             ARY_SET_PTR(ary, ptr);
             ARY_SET_HEAP_LEN(ary, len);
         }
         else {
-            REALLOC_N(RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.ptr, VALUE, (capacity));
+            ary_heap_realloc(ary, capacity);
         }
-        ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, (capacity));
+        ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, capacity);
     }
     else {
         if (!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) {
-            long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-            VALUE *ptr = RARRAY_PTR(ary);
+            long len = ARY_HEAP_LEN(ary);
+            long old_capa = ARY_HEAP_CAPA(ary);
+            const VALUE *ptr = ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary);
+
             if (len > capacity) len = capacity;
-            MEMCPY(RARRAY(ary)->as.ary, ptr, VALUE, len);
+            MEMCPY((VALUE *)RARRAY(ary)->as.ary, ptr, VALUE, len);
+            ary_heap_free_ptr(ary, ptr, old_capa);
+
             FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
             ARY_SET_LEN(ary, len);
-            xfree(ptr);
         }
     }
+
+    ary_verify(ary);
+}
+
+static inline void
+ary_shrink_capa(VALUE ary)
+{
+    long capacity = ARY_HEAP_LEN(ary);
+    long old_capa = ARY_HEAP_CAPA(ary);
+    assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(ary));
+    assert(old_capa >= capacity);
+    if (old_capa > capacity) ary_heap_realloc(ary, capacity);
+
+    ary_verify(ary);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -190,19 +500,21 @@ ary_double_capa(VALUE ary, long min)
     }
     new_capa += min;
     ary_resize_capa(ary, new_capa);
+
+    ary_verify(ary);
 }
 
 static void
-rb_ary_decrement_share(VALUE shared)
+rb_ary_decrement_share(VALUE shared_root)
 {
-    if (shared) {
-	long num = ARY_SHARED_NUM(shared) - 1;
+    if (shared_root) {
+        long num = ARY_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(shared_root) - 1;
 	if (num == 0) {
-	    rb_ary_free(shared);
-	    rb_gc_force_recycle(shared);
+            rb_ary_free(shared_root);
+            rb_gc_force_recycle(shared_root);
 	}
 	else if (num > 0) {
-	    ARY_SET_SHARED_NUM(shared, num);
+            ARY_SET_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(shared_root, num);
 	}
     }
 }
@@ -210,8 +522,8 @@ rb_ary_decrement_share(VALUE shared)
 static void
 rb_ary_unshare(VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE shared = RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.shared;
-    rb_ary_decrement_share(shared);
+    VALUE shared_root = RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.shared_root;
+    rb_ary_decrement_share(shared_root);
     FL_UNSET_SHARED(ary);
 }
 
@@ -224,92 +536,187 @@ rb_ary_unshare_safe(VALUE ary)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-rb_ary_increment_share(VALUE shared)
+rb_ary_increment_share(VALUE shared_root)
 {
-    long num = ARY_SHARED_NUM(shared);
+    long num = ARY_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(shared_root);
     if (num >= 0) {
-	ARY_SET_SHARED_NUM(shared, num + 1);
+        ARY_SET_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(shared_root, num + 1);
     }
-    return shared;
+    return shared_root;
 }
 
 static void
-rb_ary_set_shared(VALUE ary, VALUE shared)
+rb_ary_set_shared(VALUE ary, VALUE shared_root)
 {
-    rb_ary_increment_share(shared);
+    rb_ary_increment_share(shared_root);
     FL_SET_SHARED(ary);
-    ARY_SET_SHARED(ary, shared);
+    RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_ary_shared_create);
+    ARY_SET_SHARED(ary, shared_root);
 }
 
 static inline void
 rb_ary_modify_check(VALUE ary)
 {
     rb_check_frozen(ary);
-    if (!OBJ_UNTRUSTED(ary) && rb_safe_level() >= 4)
-	rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure: can't modify array");
+    ary_verify(ary);
 }
 
 void
-rb_ary_modify(VALUE ary)
+rb_ary_cancel_sharing(VALUE ary)
 {
-    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
     if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
-        long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+        long shared_len, len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+        VALUE shared_root = ARY_SHARED_ROOT(ary);
+
+        ary_verify(shared_root);
+
         if (len <= RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
-            VALUE *ptr = ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary);
-            VALUE shared = ARY_SHARED(ary);
+            const VALUE *ptr = ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary);
             FL_UNSET_SHARED(ary);
             FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
-            MEMCPY(ARY_EMBED_PTR(ary), ptr, VALUE, len);
-            rb_ary_decrement_share(shared);
+            MEMCPY((VALUE *)ARY_EMBED_PTR(ary), ptr, VALUE, len);
+            rb_ary_decrement_share(shared_root);
             ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(ary, len);
         }
+        else if (ARY_SHARED_ROOT_OCCUPIED(shared_root) && len > ((shared_len = RARRAY_LEN(shared_root))>>1)) {
+            long shift = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary) - RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(shared_root);
+            FL_UNSET_SHARED(ary);
+            ARY_SET_PTR(ary, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(shared_root));
+            ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, shared_len);
+            RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
+                MEMMOVE(ptr, ptr+shift, VALUE, len);
+            });
+            FL_SET_EMBED(shared_root);
+            rb_ary_decrement_share(shared_root);
+        }
         else {
-            VALUE *ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, len);
-            MEMCPY(ptr, RARRAY_PTR(ary), VALUE, len);
+            VALUE *ptr = ary_heap_alloc(ary, len);
+            MEMCPY(ptr, ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary), VALUE, len);
             rb_ary_unshare(ary);
             ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, len);
             ARY_SET_PTR(ary, ptr);
         }
+
+        rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(ary);
     }
+    ary_verify(ary);
 }
 
-VALUE
-rb_ary_freeze(VALUE ary)
+void
+rb_ary_modify(VALUE ary)
 {
-    return rb_obj_freeze(ary);
+    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+    rb_ary_cancel_sharing(ary);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_ensure_room_for_push(VALUE ary, long add_len)
+{
+    long old_len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    long new_len = old_len + add_len;
+    long capa;
+
+    if (old_len > ARY_MAX_SIZE - add_len) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "index %ld too big", new_len);
+    }
+    if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
+	if (new_len > RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
+            VALUE shared_root = ARY_SHARED_ROOT(ary);
+            if (ARY_SHARED_ROOT_OCCUPIED(shared_root)) {
+                if (ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary) - RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(shared_root) + new_len <= RARRAY_LEN(shared_root)) {
+		    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+
+                    ary_verify(ary);
+                    ary_verify(shared_root);
+                    return shared_root;
+		}
+		else {
+		    /* if array is shared, then it is likely it participate in push/shift pattern */
+		    rb_ary_modify(ary);
+		    capa = ARY_CAPA(ary);
+		    if (new_len > capa - (capa >> 6)) {
+			ary_double_capa(ary, new_len);
+		    }
+                    ary_verify(ary);
+		    return ary;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+        ary_verify(ary);
+        rb_ary_modify(ary);
+    }
+    else {
+	rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+    }
+    capa = ARY_CAPA(ary);
+    if (new_len > capa) {
+	ary_double_capa(ary, new_len);
+    }
+
+    ary_verify(ary);
+    return ary;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.frozen?  -> true or false
+ *    array.freeze -> self
  *
- *  Return <code>true</code> if this array is frozen (or temporarily frozen
- *  while being sorted).
+ *  Freezes +self+; returns +self+:
+ *    a = []
+ *    a.frozen? # => false
+ *    a.freeze
+ *    a.frozen? # => true
+ *
+ *  An attempt to modify a frozen \Array raises FrozenError.
  */
 
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_frozen_p(VALUE ary)
+VALUE
+rb_ary_freeze(VALUE ary)
 {
-    if (OBJ_FROZEN(ary)) return Qtrue;
+    return rb_obj_freeze(ary);
+}
+
+/* This can be used to take a snapshot of an array (with
+   e.g. rb_ary_replace) and check later whether the array has been
+   modified from the snapshot.  The snapshot is cheap, though if
+   something does modify the array it will pay the cost of copying
+   it.  If Array#pop or Array#shift has been called, the array will
+   be still shared with the snapshot, but the array length will
+   differ. */
+VALUE
+rb_ary_shared_with_p(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
+{
+    if (!ARY_EMBED_P(ary1) && ARY_SHARED_P(ary1) &&
+	!ARY_EMBED_P(ary2) && ARY_SHARED_P(ary2) &&
+        RARRAY(ary1)->as.heap.aux.shared_root == RARRAY(ary2)->as.heap.aux.shared_root &&
+	RARRAY(ary1)->as.heap.len == RARRAY(ary2)->as.heap.len) {
+	return Qtrue;
+    }
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
 static VALUE
 ary_alloc(VALUE klass)
 {
-    NEWOBJ(ary, struct RArray);
-    OBJSETUP(ary, klass, T_ARRAY);
-    FL_SET_EMBED((VALUE)ary);
-    ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN((VALUE)ary, 0);
-
+    NEWOBJ_OF(ary, struct RArray, klass, T_ARRAY | RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_ARRAY ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0));
+    /* Created array is:
+     *   FL_SET_EMBED((VALUE)ary);
+     *   ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN((VALUE)ary, 0);
+     */
     return (VALUE)ary;
 }
 
 static VALUE
+empty_ary_alloc(VALUE klass)
+{
+    RUBY_DTRACE_CREATE_HOOK(ARRAY, 0);
+    return ary_alloc(klass);
+}
+
+static VALUE
 ary_new(VALUE klass, long capa)
 {
-    VALUE ary;
+    VALUE ary,*ptr;
 
     if (capa < 0) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative array size (or size too big)");
@@ -317,10 +724,14 @@ ary_new(VALUE klass, long capa)
     if (capa > ARY_MAX_SIZE) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "array size too big");
     }
+
+    RUBY_DTRACE_CREATE_HOOK(ARRAY, capa);
+
     ary = ary_alloc(klass);
     if (capa > RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
+        ptr = ary_heap_alloc(ary, capa);
         FL_UNSET_EMBED(ary);
-        ARY_SET_PTR(ary, ALLOC_N(VALUE, capa));
+        ARY_SET_PTR(ary, ptr);
         ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, capa);
         ARY_SET_HEAP_LEN(ary, 0);
     }
@@ -329,22 +740,19 @@ ary_new(VALUE klass, long capa)
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_ary_new2(long capa)
+rb_ary_new_capa(long capa)
 {
     return ary_new(rb_cArray, capa);
 }
 
-
 VALUE
 rb_ary_new(void)
 {
     return rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX);
 }
 
-#include <stdarg.h>
-
 VALUE
-rb_ary_new3(long n, ...)
+(rb_ary_new_from_args)(long n, ...)
 {
     va_list ar;
     VALUE ary;
@@ -354,7 +762,7 @@ rb_ary_new3(long n, ...)
 
     va_start(ar, n);
     for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
-	RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i] = va_arg(ar, VALUE);
+	ARY_SET(ary, i, va_arg(ar, VALUE));
     }
     va_end(ar);
 
@@ -362,14 +770,72 @@ rb_ary_new3(long n, ...)
     return ary;
 }
 
+MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED VALUE
+rb_ary_tmp_new_from_values(VALUE klass, long n, const VALUE *elts)
+{
+    VALUE ary;
+
+    ary = ary_new(klass, n);
+    if (n > 0 && elts) {
+	ary_memcpy(ary, 0, n, elts);
+	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, n);
+    }
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
 VALUE
-rb_ary_new4(long n, const VALUE *elts)
+rb_ary_new_from_values(long n, const VALUE *elts)
+{
+    return rb_ary_tmp_new_from_values(rb_cArray, n, elts);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ec_ary_alloc(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE klass)
+{
+    RB_EC_NEWOBJ_OF(ec, ary, struct RArray, klass, T_ARRAY | RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_ARRAY ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0));
+    /* Created array is:
+     *   FL_SET_EMBED((VALUE)ary);
+     *   ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN((VALUE)ary, 0);
+     */
+    return (VALUE)ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ec_ary_new(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE klass, long capa)
+{
+    VALUE ary,*ptr;
+
+    if (capa < 0) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative array size (or size too big)");
+    }
+    if (capa > ARY_MAX_SIZE) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "array size too big");
+    }
+
+    RUBY_DTRACE_CREATE_HOOK(ARRAY, capa);
+
+    ary = ec_ary_alloc(ec, klass);
+
+    if (capa > RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
+        ptr = ary_heap_alloc(ary, capa);
+        FL_UNSET_EMBED(ary);
+        ARY_SET_PTR(ary, ptr);
+        ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, capa);
+        ARY_SET_HEAP_LEN(ary, 0);
+    }
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_ec_ary_new_from_values(rb_execution_context_t *ec, long n, const VALUE *elts)
 {
     VALUE ary;
 
-    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    ary = ec_ary_new(ec, rb_cArray, n);
     if (n > 0 && elts) {
-	MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(ary), elts, VALUE, n);
+	ary_memcpy(ary, 0, n, elts);
 	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, n);
     }
 
@@ -379,14 +845,48 @@ rb_ary_new4(long n, const VALUE *elts)
 VALUE
 rb_ary_tmp_new(long capa)
 {
-    return ary_new(0, capa);
+    VALUE ary = ary_new(0, capa);
+    rb_ary_transient_heap_evacuate(ary, TRUE);
+    return ary;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_ary_tmp_new_fill(long capa)
+{
+    VALUE ary = ary_new(0, capa);
+    ary_memfill(ary, 0, capa, Qnil);
+    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, capa);
+    rb_ary_transient_heap_evacuate(ary, TRUE);
+    return ary;
 }
 
 void
 rb_ary_free(VALUE ary)
 {
     if (ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(ary)) {
-	xfree(ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary));
+        if (USE_DEBUG_COUNTER &&
+            !ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary) &&
+            ARY_HEAP_CAPA(ary) > RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
+            RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_ary_extracapa);
+        }
+
+        if (RARRAY_TRANSIENT_P(ary)) {
+            RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_ary_transient);
+        }
+        else {
+            RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_ary_ptr);
+            ary_heap_free(ary);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_ary_embed);
+    }
+
+    if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
+        RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_ary_shared);
+    }
+    if (ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary) && ARY_SHARED_ROOT_OCCUPIED(ary)) {
+        RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_ary_shared_root_occupied);
     }
 }
 
@@ -394,7 +894,7 @@ RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED size_t
 rb_ary_memsize(VALUE ary)
 {
     if (ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(ary)) {
-	return RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.aux.capa * sizeof(VALUE);
+	return ARY_CAPA(ary) * sizeof(VALUE);
     }
     else {
 	return 0;
@@ -406,49 +906,64 @@ ary_discard(VALUE ary)
 {
     rb_ary_free(ary);
     RBASIC(ary)->flags |= RARRAY_EMBED_FLAG;
-    RBASIC(ary)->flags &= ~RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MASK;
+    RBASIC(ary)->flags &= ~(RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MASK | RARRAY_TRANSIENT_FLAG);
 }
 
 static VALUE
 ary_make_shared(VALUE ary)
 {
     assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary));
+    ary_verify(ary);
+
     if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
-	return ARY_SHARED(ary);
+        return ARY_SHARED_ROOT(ary);
     }
     else if (ARY_SHARED_ROOT_P(ary)) {
 	return ary;
     }
     else if (OBJ_FROZEN(ary)) {
-	ary_resize_capa(ary, ARY_HEAP_LEN(ary));
+        rb_ary_transient_heap_evacuate(ary, TRUE);
+	ary_shrink_capa(ary);
 	FL_SET_SHARED_ROOT(ary);
-	ARY_SET_SHARED_NUM(ary, 1);
+        ARY_SET_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(ary, 1);
 	return ary;
     }
     else {
-	NEWOBJ(shared, struct RArray);
-	OBJSETUP(shared, 0, T_ARRAY);
-        FL_UNSET_EMBED(shared);
-
-        ARY_SET_LEN((VALUE)shared, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-        ARY_SET_PTR((VALUE)shared, RARRAY_PTR(ary));
-	FL_SET_SHARED_ROOT(shared);
-	ARY_SET_SHARED_NUM((VALUE)shared, 1);
+	long capa = ARY_CAPA(ary), len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+        const VALUE *ptr;
+	NEWOBJ_OF(shared, struct RArray, 0, T_ARRAY | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_ARRAY ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0));
+        VALUE vshared = (VALUE)shared;
+
+        rb_ary_transient_heap_evacuate(ary, TRUE);
+        ptr = ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary);
+
+        FL_UNSET_EMBED(vshared);
+        ARY_SET_LEN(vshared, capa);
+        ARY_SET_PTR(vshared, ptr);
+        ary_mem_clear(vshared, len, capa - len);
+        FL_SET_SHARED_ROOT(vshared);
+        ARY_SET_SHARED_ROOT_REFCNT(vshared, 1);
 	FL_SET_SHARED(ary);
-	ARY_SET_SHARED(ary, (VALUE)shared);
-	OBJ_FREEZE(shared);
-	return (VALUE)shared;
+        RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(obj_ary_shared_create);
+        ARY_SET_SHARED(ary, vshared);
+        OBJ_FREEZE(vshared);
+
+        ary_verify(vshared);
+        ary_verify(ary);
+
+        return vshared;
     }
 }
 
-
 static VALUE
 ary_make_substitution(VALUE ary)
 {
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) <= RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
-        VALUE subst = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-        MEMCPY(ARY_EMBED_PTR(subst), RARRAY_PTR(ary), VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-        ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(subst, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+    long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+
+    if (len <= RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
+	VALUE subst = rb_ary_new2(len);
+        ary_memcpy(subst, 0, len, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary));
+        ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(subst, len);
         return subst;
     }
     else {
@@ -462,35 +977,37 @@ rb_assoc_new(VALUE car, VALUE cdr)
     return rb_ary_new3(2, car, cdr);
 }
 
-static VALUE
-to_ary(VALUE ary)
+VALUE
+rb_to_array_type(VALUE ary)
 {
-    return rb_convert_type(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
+    return rb_convert_type_with_id(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", idTo_ary);
 }
+#define to_ary rb_to_array_type
 
 VALUE
 rb_check_array_type(VALUE ary)
 {
-    return rb_check_convert_type(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
+    return rb_check_convert_type_with_id(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", idTo_ary);
+}
+
+MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED VALUE
+rb_check_to_array(VALUE ary)
+{
+    return rb_check_convert_type_with_id(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", idTo_a);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     Array.try_convert(obj) -> array or nil
+ *    Array.try_convert(object) -> object, new_array, or nil
  *
- *  Tries to convert +obj+ into an array, using +to_ary+ method.  Returns the
- *  converted array or +nil+ if +obj+ cannot be converted for any reason.
- *  This method can be used to check if an argument is an array.
+ *  If +object+ is an \Array object, returns +object+.
  *
- *     Array.try_convert([1])   #=> [1]
- *     Array.try_convert("1")   #=> nil
+ *  Otherwise if +object+ responds to <tt>:to_ary</tt>,
+ *  calls <tt>object.to_ary</tt> and returns the result.
  *
- *     if tmp = Array.try_convert(arg)
- *       # the argument is an array
- *     elsif tmp = String.try_convert(arg)
- *       # the argument is a string
- *     end
+ *  Returns +nil+ if +object+ does not respond to <tt>:to_ary</tt>
  *
+ *  Raises an exception unless <tt>object.to_ary</tt> returns an \Array object.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -501,58 +1018,46 @@ rb_ary_s_try_convert(VALUE dummy, VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     Array.new(size=0, obj=nil)
- *     Array.new(array)
- *     Array.new(size) {|index| block }
- *
- *  Returns a new array.
- *
- *  In the first form, if no arguments are sent, the new array will be empty.
- *  When a +size+ and an optional +obj+ are sent, an array is created with
- *  +size+ copies of +obj+.  Take notice that all elements will reference the
- *  same object +obj+.
- *
- *  The second form creates a copy of the array passed as a parameter (the
- *  array is generated by calling to_ary on the parameter).
- *
- *    first_array = ["Matz", "Guido"]
- *
- *    second_array = Array.new(first_array) #=> ["Matz", "Guido"]
- *
- *    first_array.equal? second_array       #=> false
- *
- *  In the last form, an array of the given size is created.  Each element in
- *  this array is created by passing the element's index to the given block
- *  and storing the return value.
- *
- *    Array.new(3){ |index| index ** 2 }
- *    # => [0, 1, 4]
- *
- *  == Common gotchas
- *
- *  When sending the second parameter, the same object will be used as the
- *  value for all the array elements:
- *
- *     a = Array.new(2, Hash.new)
- *     # => [{}, {}]
- *
- *     a[0]['cat'] = 'feline'
- *     a # => [{"cat"=>"feline"}, {"cat"=>"feline"}]
- *
- *     a[1]['cat'] = 'Felix'
- *     a # => [{"cat"=>"Felix"}, {"cat"=>"Felix"}]
- *
- *  Since all the Array elements store the same hash, changes to one of them
- *  will affect them all.
- *
- *  If multiple copies are what you want, you should use the block
- *  version which uses the result of that block each time an element
- *  of the array needs to be initialized:
- *
- *     a = Array.new(2) { Hash.new }
- *     a[0]['cat'] = 'feline'
- *     a # => [{"cat"=>"feline"}, {}]
- *
+ *    Array.new -> new_empty_array
+ *    Array.new(array) -> new_array
+ *    Array.new(size) -> new_array
+ *    Array.new(size, default_value) -> new_array
+ *    Array.new(size) {|index| ... } -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array.
+ *
+ *  With no block and no arguments, returns a new empty \Array object.
+ *
+ *  With no block and a single \Array argument +array+,
+ *  returns a new \Array formed from +array+:
+ *    a = Array.new([:foo, 'bar', 2])
+ *    a.class # => Array
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  With no block and a single \Integer argument +size+,
+ *  returns a new \Array of the given size
+ *  whose elements are all +nil+:
+ *    a = Array.new(3)
+ *    a # => [nil, nil, nil]
+ *
+ *  With no block and arguments +size+ and +default_value+,
+ *  returns an \Array of the given size;
+ *  each element is that same +default_value+:
+ *    a = Array.new(3, 'x')
+ *    a # => ['x', 'x', 'x']
+ *
+ *  With a block and argument +size+,
+ *  returns an \Array of the given size;
+ *  the block is called with each successive integer +index+;
+ *  the element for that +index+ is the return value from the block:
+ *    a = Array.new(3) {|index| "Element #{index}" }
+ *    a # => ["Element 0", "Element 1", "Element 2"]
+ *
+ *  Raises ArgumentError if +size+ is negative.
+ *
+ *  With a block and no argument,
+ *  or a single argument +0+,
+ *  ignores the block and returns a new empty \Array.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -563,8 +1068,8 @@ rb_ary_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
     if (argc == 0) {
-	if (ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(ary) && RARRAY_PTR(ary)) {
-	    xfree(RARRAY_PTR(ary));
+        if (ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(ary) && ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary) != NULL) {
+            ary_heap_free(ary);
 	}
         rb_ary_unshare_safe(ary);
         FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
@@ -584,12 +1089,14 @@ rb_ary_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     }
 
     len = NUM2LONG(size);
+    /* NUM2LONG() may call size.to_int, ary can be frozen, modified, etc */
     if (len < 0) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative array size");
     }
     if (len > ARY_MAX_SIZE) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "array size too big");
     }
+    /* recheck after argument conversion */
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
     ary_resize_capa(ary, len);
     if (rb_block_given_p()) {
@@ -604,27 +1111,26 @@ rb_ary_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 	}
     }
     else {
-	memfill(RARRAY_PTR(ary), len, val);
+	ary_memfill(ary, 0, len, val);
 	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, len);
     }
     return ary;
 }
 
-
 /*
-* Returns a new array populated with the given objects.
-*
-*   Array.[]( 1, 'a', /^A/ )
-*   Array[ 1, 'a', /^A/ ]
-*   [ 1, 'a', /^A/ ]
-*/
+ * Returns a new array populated with the given objects.
+ *
+ *   Array.[]( 1, 'a', /^A/)  # => [1, "a", /^A/]
+ *   Array[ 1, 'a', /^A/ ]    # => [1, "a", /^A/]
+ *   [ 1, 'a', /^A/ ]         # => [1, "a", /^A/]
+ */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_s_create(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
     VALUE ary = ary_new(klass, argc);
     if (argc > 0 && argv) {
-        MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(ary), argv, VALUE, argc);
+        ary_memcpy(ary, 0, argc, argv);
         ARY_SET_LEN(ary, argc);
     }
 
@@ -634,11 +1140,13 @@ rb_ary_s_create(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 void
 rb_ary_store(VALUE ary, long idx, VALUE val)
 {
+    long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+
     if (idx < 0) {
-	idx += RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+	idx += len;
 	if (idx < 0) {
 	    rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "index %ld too small for array; minimum: %ld",
-		     idx - RARRAY_LEN(ary), -RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+		     idx - len, -len);
 	}
     }
     else if (idx >= ARY_MAX_SIZE) {
@@ -649,15 +1157,14 @@ rb_ary_store(VALUE ary, long idx, VALUE val)
     if (idx >= ARY_CAPA(ary)) {
 	ary_double_capa(ary, idx);
     }
-    if (idx > RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
-	rb_mem_clear(RARRAY_PTR(ary) + RARRAY_LEN(ary),
-		     idx-RARRAY_LEN(ary) + 1);
+    if (idx > len) {
+	ary_mem_clear(ary, len, idx - len + 1);
     }
 
-    if (idx >= RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
+    if (idx >= len) {
 	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, idx + 1);
     }
-    RARRAY_PTR(ary)[idx] = val;
+    ARY_SET(ary, idx, val);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -669,7 +1176,7 @@ ary_make_partial(VALUE ary, VALUE klass, long offset, long len)
 
     if (len <= RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
         VALUE result = ary_alloc(klass);
-        MEMCPY(ARY_EMBED_PTR(result), RARRAY_PTR(ary) + offset, VALUE, len);
+        ary_memcpy(result, 0, len, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary) + offset);
         ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(result, len);
         return result;
     }
@@ -678,20 +1185,69 @@ ary_make_partial(VALUE ary, VALUE klass, long offset, long len)
         FL_UNSET_EMBED(result);
 
         shared = ary_make_shared(ary);
-        ARY_SET_PTR(result, RARRAY_PTR(ary));
+        ARY_SET_PTR(result, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary));
         ARY_SET_LEN(result, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
         rb_ary_set_shared(result, shared);
 
         ARY_INCREASE_PTR(result, offset);
         ARY_SET_LEN(result, len);
+
+        ary_verify(shared);
+        ary_verify(result);
+        return result;
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_make_partial_step(VALUE ary, VALUE klass, long offset, long len, long step)
+{
+    assert(offset >= 0);
+    assert(len >= 0);
+    assert(offset+len <= RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+    assert(step != 0);
+
+    const VALUE *values = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
+    const long orig_len = len;
+
+    if ((step > 0 && step >= len) || (step < 0 && (step < -len))) {
+        VALUE result = ary_new(klass, 1);
+        VALUE *ptr = (VALUE *)ARY_EMBED_PTR(result);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITE(result, ptr, values[offset]);
+        ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(result, 1);
         return result;
     }
+
+    long ustep = (step < 0) ? -step : step;
+    len = (len + ustep - 1) / ustep;
+
+    long i;
+    long j = offset + ((step > 0) ? 0 : (orig_len - 1));
+    VALUE result = ary_new(klass, len);
+    if (len <= RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
+        VALUE *ptr = (VALUE *)ARY_EMBED_PTR(result);
+        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            RB_OBJ_WRITE(result, ptr+i, values[j]);
+            j += step;
+        }
+        ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(result, len);
+    }
+    else {
+        RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(result, ptr, {
+            for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+                RB_OBJ_WRITE(result, ptr+i, values[j]);
+                j += step;
+            }
+        });
+        ARY_SET_LEN(result, len);
+    }
+
+    return result;
 }
 
 static VALUE
 ary_make_shared_copy(VALUE ary)
 {
-    return ary_make_partial(ary, rb_obj_class(ary), 0, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+    return ary_make_partial(ary, rb_cArray, 0, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
 }
 
 enum ary_take_pos_flags
@@ -701,82 +1257,93 @@ enum ary_take_pos_flags
 };
 
 static VALUE
-ary_take_first_or_last(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary, enum ary_take_pos_flags last)
+ary_take_first_or_last(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE ary, enum ary_take_pos_flags last)
 {
-    VALUE nv;
     long n;
+    long len;
     long offset = 0;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1", &nv);
-    n = NUM2LONG(nv);
-    if (n > RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
-	n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    argc = rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
+    /* the case optional argument is omitted should be handled in
+     * callers of this function.  if another arity case is added,
+     * this arity check needs to rewrite. */
+    RUBY_ASSERT_ALWAYS(argc == 1);
+
+    n = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
+    len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    if (n > len) {
+	n = len;
     }
     else if (n < 0) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative array size");
     }
     if (last) {
-	offset = RARRAY_LEN(ary) - n;
+	offset = len - n;
     }
     return ary_make_partial(ary, rb_cArray, offset, n);
 }
 
-static VALUE rb_ary_push_1(VALUE ary, VALUE item);
-
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary << obj            -> ary
- *
- *  Append---Pushes the given object on to the end of this array. This
- *  expression returns the array itself, so several appends
- *  may be chained together.
+ *    array << object -> self
  *
- *     [ 1, 2 ] << "c" << "d" << [ 3, 4 ]
- *             #=>  [ 1, 2, "c", "d", [ 3, 4 ] ]
+ *  Appends +object+ to +self+; returns +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a << :baz # => [:foo, "bar", 2, :baz]
  *
+ *  Appends +object+ as one element, even if it is another \Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a << [3, 4]
+ *    a1 # => [:foo, "bar", 2, [3, 4]]
  */
 
 VALUE
 rb_ary_push(VALUE ary, VALUE item)
 {
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    return rb_ary_push_1(ary, item);
+    long idx = RARRAY_LEN((ary_verify(ary), ary));
+    VALUE target_ary = ary_ensure_room_for_push(ary, 1);
+    RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
+	RB_OBJ_WRITE(target_ary, &ptr[idx], item);
+    });
+    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, idx + 1);
+    ary_verify(ary);
+    return ary;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_push_1(VALUE ary, VALUE item)
+VALUE
+rb_ary_cat(VALUE ary, const VALUE *argv, long len)
 {
-    long idx = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-
-    if (idx >= ARY_CAPA(ary)) {
-	ary_double_capa(ary, idx);
-    }
-    RARRAY_PTR(ary)[idx] = item;
-    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, idx + 1);
+    long oldlen = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    VALUE target_ary = ary_ensure_room_for_push(ary, len);
+    ary_memcpy0(ary, oldlen, len, argv, target_ary);
+    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, oldlen + len);
     return ary;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.push(obj, ... )   -> ary
+ *    array.push(*objects) -> self
+ *
+ *  Appends trailing elements.
+ *
+ *  Appends each argument in +objects+ to +self+;  returns +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.push(:baz, :bat) # => [:foo, "bar", 2, :baz, :bat]
+ *
+ *  Appends each argument as one element, even if it is another \Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a.push([:baz, :bat], [:bam, :bad])
+ *    a1 # => [:foo, "bar", 2, [:baz, :bat], [:bam, :bad]]
  *
- *  Append---Pushes the given object(s) on to the end of this array. This
- *  expression returns the array itself, so several appends
- *  may be chained together.
+ *  Array#append is an alias for \Array#push.
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.push("d", "e", "f")
- *             #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"]
+ *  Related: #pop, #shift, #unshift.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_push_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    while (argc--) {
-	rb_ary_push_1(ary, *argv++);
-    }
-    return ary;
+    return rb_ary_cat(ary, argv, argc);
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -784,33 +1351,46 @@ rb_ary_pop(VALUE ary)
 {
     long n;
     rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0) return Qnil;
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    if (n == 0) return Qnil;
     if (ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(ary) &&
-	RARRAY_LEN(ary) * 3 < ARY_CAPA(ary) &&
+	n * 3 < ARY_CAPA(ary) &&
 	ARY_CAPA(ary) > ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE)
     {
-	ary_resize_capa(ary, RARRAY_LEN(ary) * 2);
+	ary_resize_capa(ary, n * 2);
     }
-    n = RARRAY_LEN(ary)-1;
+    --n;
     ARY_SET_LEN(ary, n);
-    return RARRAY_PTR(ary)[n];
+    ary_verify(ary);
+    return RARRAY_AREF(ary, n);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.pop    -> obj or nil
- *     ary.pop(n) -> new_ary
+ *    array.pop -> object or nil
+ *    array.pop(n) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Removes and returns trailing elements.
+ *
+ *  When no argument is given and +self+ is not empty,
+ *  removes and returns the last element:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.pop # => 2
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar"]
  *
- *  Removes the last element from +self+ and returns it, or
- *  <code>nil</code> if the array is empty.
+ *  Returns +nil+ if the array is empty.
  *
- *  If a number _n_ is given, returns an array of the last n elements
- *  (or less) just like <code>array.slice!(-n, n)</code> does.
+ *  When a non-negative \Integer argument +n+ is given and is in range,
+ *  removes and returns the last +n+ elements in a new \Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.pop(2) # => ["bar", 2]
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.pop     #=> "d"
- *     a.pop(2)  #=> ["b", "c"]
- *     a         #=> ["a"]
+ *  If +n+ is positive and out of range,
+ *  removes and returns all elements:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.pop(50) # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  Related: #push, #shift, #unshift.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -825,6 +1405,7 @@ rb_ary_pop_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
     result = ary_take_first_or_last(argc, argv, ary, ARY_TAKE_LAST);
     ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -RARRAY_LEN(result));
+    ary_verify(ary);
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -832,49 +1413,64 @@ VALUE
 rb_ary_shift(VALUE ary)
 {
     VALUE top;
+    long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
 
     rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0) return Qnil;
-    top = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[0];
+    if (len == 0) return Qnil;
+    top = RARRAY_AREF(ary, 0);
     if (!ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
-	if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) < ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE) {
-	    MEMMOVE(RARRAY_PTR(ary), RARRAY_PTR(ary)+1, VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(ary)-1);
+	if (len < ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE) {
+            RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
+		MEMMOVE(ptr, ptr+1, VALUE, len-1);
+	    }); /* WB: no new reference */
             ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -1);
+            ary_verify(ary);
 	    return top;
 	}
         assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)); /* ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX < ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE */
 
-	RARRAY_PTR(ary)[0] = Qnil;
+	ARY_SET(ary, 0, Qnil);
 	ary_make_shared(ary);
     }
-    else if (ARY_SHARED_NUM(ARY_SHARED(ary)) == 1) {
-	RARRAY_PTR(ary)[0] = Qnil;
+    else if (ARY_SHARED_ROOT_OCCUPIED(ARY_SHARED_ROOT(ary))) {
+        RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, ptr[0] = Qnil);
     }
     ARY_INCREASE_PTR(ary, 1);		/* shift ptr */
     ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -1);
 
+    ary_verify(ary);
+
     return top;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.shift    -> obj or nil
- *     ary.shift(n) -> new_ary
+ *     array.shift -> object or nil
+ *     array.shift(n) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Removes and returns leading elements.
  *
- *  Returns the first element of +self+ and removes it (shifting all
- *  other elements down by one). Returns <code>nil</code> if the array
- *  is empty.
+ *  When no argument is given, removes and returns the first element:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.shift # => :foo
+ *    a # => ['bar', 2]
  *
- *  If a number _n_ is given, returns an array of the first n elements
- *  (or less) just like <code>array.slice!(0, n)</code> does.
+ *  Returns +nil+ if +self+ is empty.
  *
- *     args = [ "-m", "-q", "filename" ]
- *     args.shift     #=> "-m"
- *     args           #=> ["-q", "filename"]
+ *  When positive \Integer argument +n+ is given, removes the first +n+ elements;
+ *  returns those elements in a new \Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.shift(2) # => [:foo, 'bar']
+ *    a # => [2]
  *
- *     args = [ "-m", "-q", "filename" ]
- *     args.shift(2)  #=> ["-m", "-q"]
- *     args           #=> ["filename"]
+ *  If +n+ is as large as or larger than <tt>self.length</tt>,
+ *  removes all elements; returns those elements in a new \Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.shift(3) # => [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *
+ *  If +n+ is zero, returns a new empty \Array; +self+ is unmodified.
+ *
+ *  Related: #push, #pop, #unshift.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -890,48 +1486,167 @@ rb_ary_shift_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
     result = ary_take_first_or_last(argc, argv, ary, ARY_TAKE_FIRST);
     n = RARRAY_LEN(result);
-    if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
-	if (ARY_SHARED_NUM(ARY_SHARED(ary)) == 1) {
-	    rb_mem_clear(RARRAY_PTR(ary), n);
-	}
-        ARY_INCREASE_PTR(ary, n);
+    rb_ary_behead(ary,n);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+behead_shared(VALUE ary, long n)
+{
+    assert(ARY_SHARED_P(ary));
+    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+    if (ARY_SHARED_ROOT_OCCUPIED(ARY_SHARED_ROOT(ary))) {
+        ary_mem_clear(ary, 0, n);
+    }
+    ARY_INCREASE_PTR(ary, n);
+    ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -n);
+    ary_verify(ary);
+    return ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+behead_transient(VALUE ary, long n)
+{
+    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+    RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
+        MEMMOVE(ptr, ptr+n, VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(ary)-n);
+    }); /* WB: no new reference */
+    ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -n);
+    ary_verify(ary);
+    return ary;
+}
+
+MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED VALUE
+rb_ary_behead(VALUE ary, long n)
+{
+    if (n <= 0) {
+        return ary;
+    }
+    else if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
+        return behead_shared(ary, n);
+    }
+    else if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) >= ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE) {
+        ary_make_shared(ary);
+        return behead_shared(ary, n);
     }
     else {
-	MEMMOVE(RARRAY_PTR(ary), RARRAY_PTR(ary)+n, VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(ary)-n);
+        return behead_transient(ary, n);
     }
-    ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -n);
+}
 
-    return result;
+static VALUE
+make_room_for_unshift(VALUE ary, const VALUE *head, VALUE *sharedp, int argc, long capa, long len)
+{
+    if (head - sharedp < argc) {
+        long room = capa - len - argc;
+
+        room -= room >> 4;
+        MEMMOVE((VALUE *)sharedp + argc + room, head, VALUE, len);
+        head = sharedp + argc + room;
+    }
+    ARY_SET_PTR(ary, head - argc);
+    assert(ARY_SHARED_ROOT_OCCUPIED(ARY_SHARED_ROOT(ary)));
+
+    ary_verify(ary);
+    return ARY_SHARED_ROOT(ary);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_modify_for_unshift(VALUE ary, int argc)
+{
+    long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    long new_len = len + argc;
+    long capa;
+    const VALUE *head, *sharedp;
+
+    rb_ary_modify(ary);
+    capa = ARY_CAPA(ary);
+    if (capa - (capa >> 6) <= new_len) {
+	ary_double_capa(ary, new_len);
+    }
+
+    /* use shared array for big "queues" */
+    if (new_len > ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE * 4) {
+        ary_verify(ary);
+
+        /* make a room for unshifted items */
+	capa = ARY_CAPA(ary);
+	ary_make_shared(ary);
+
+        head = sharedp = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
+        return make_room_for_unshift(ary, head, (void *)sharedp, argc, capa, len);
+    }
+    else {
+	/* sliding items */
+        RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
+	    MEMMOVE(ptr + argc, ptr, VALUE, len);
+	});
+
+        ary_verify(ary);
+	return ary;
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_ensure_room_for_unshift(VALUE ary, int argc)
+{
+    long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    long new_len = len + argc;
+
+    if (len > ARY_MAX_SIZE - argc) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "index %ld too big", new_len);
+    }
+    else if (! ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
+        return ary_modify_for_unshift(ary, argc);
+    }
+    else {
+        VALUE shared_root = ARY_SHARED_ROOT(ary);
+        long capa = RARRAY_LEN(shared_root);
+
+        if (! ARY_SHARED_ROOT_OCCUPIED(shared_root)) {
+            return ary_modify_for_unshift(ary, argc);
+        }
+        else if (new_len > capa) {
+            return ary_modify_for_unshift(ary, argc);
+        }
+        else {
+            const VALUE * head = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
+            void *sharedp = (void *)RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(shared_root);
+
+            rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+            return make_room_for_unshift(ary, head, sharedp, argc, capa, len);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.unshift(obj, ...)  -> ary
+ *    array.unshift(*objects) -> self
+ *
+ *  Prepends the given +objects+ to +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.unshift(:bam, :bat) # => [:bam, :bat, :foo, "bar", 2]
  *
- *  Prepends objects to the front of +self+,
- *  moving other elements upwards.
+ *  Array#prepend is an alias for Array#unshift.
  *
- *     a = [ "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.unshift("a")   #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
- *     a.unshift(1, 2)  #=> [ 1, 2, "a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *  Related: #push, #pop, #shift.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_unshift_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    long len;
+    long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    VALUE target_ary;
 
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    if (argc == 0) return ary;
-    if (ARY_CAPA(ary) <= (len = RARRAY_LEN(ary)) + argc) {
-	ary_double_capa(ary, len + argc);
+    if (argc == 0) {
+	rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+	return ary;
     }
 
-    /* sliding items */
-    MEMMOVE(RARRAY_PTR(ary) + argc, RARRAY_PTR(ary), VALUE, len);
-    MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(ary), argv, VALUE, argc);
-    ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, argc);
-
+    target_ary = ary_ensure_room_for_unshift(ary, argc);
+    ary_memcpy0(ary, 0, argc, argv, target_ary);
+    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, len + argc);
     return ary;
 }
 
@@ -945,119 +1660,198 @@ rb_ary_unshift(VALUE ary, VALUE item)
 static inline VALUE
 rb_ary_elt(VALUE ary, long offset)
 {
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0) return Qnil;
-    if (offset < 0 || RARRAY_LEN(ary) <= offset) {
+    long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    if (len == 0) return Qnil;
+    if (offset < 0 || len <= offset) {
 	return Qnil;
     }
-    return RARRAY_PTR(ary)[offset];
+    return RARRAY_AREF(ary, offset);
 }
 
 VALUE
 rb_ary_entry(VALUE ary, long offset)
 {
-    if (offset < 0) {
-	offset += RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    }
-    return rb_ary_elt(ary, offset);
+    return rb_ary_entry_internal(ary, offset);
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_ary_subseq(VALUE ary, long beg, long len)
+rb_ary_subseq_step(VALUE ary, long beg, long len, long step)
 {
     VALUE klass;
+    long alen = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
 
-    if (beg > RARRAY_LEN(ary)) return Qnil;
+    if (beg > alen) return Qnil;
     if (beg < 0 || len < 0) return Qnil;
 
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) < len || RARRAY_LEN(ary) < beg + len) {
-	len = RARRAY_LEN(ary) - beg;
+    if (alen < len || alen < beg + len) {
+	len = alen - beg;
     }
-    klass = rb_obj_class(ary);
+    klass = rb_cArray;
     if (len == 0) return ary_new(klass, 0);
+    if (step == 0)
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "slice step cannot be zero");
+    if (step == 1)
+        return ary_make_partial(ary, klass, beg, len);
+    else
+        return ary_make_partial_step(ary, klass, beg, len, step);
+}
 
-    return ary_make_partial(ary, klass, beg, len);
+VALUE
+rb_ary_subseq(VALUE ary, long beg, long len)
+{
+    return rb_ary_subseq_step(ary, beg, len, 1);
 }
 
+static VALUE rb_ary_aref2(VALUE ary, VALUE b, VALUE e);
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary[index]                -> obj     or nil
- *     ary[start, length]        -> new_ary or nil
- *     ary[range]                -> new_ary or nil
- *     ary.slice(index)          -> obj     or nil
- *     ary.slice(start, length)  -> new_ary or nil
- *     ary.slice(range)          -> new_ary or nil
- *
- *  Element Reference---Returns the element at _index_,
- *  or returns a subarray starting at _start_ and
- *  continuing for _length_ elements, or returns a subarray
- *  specified by _range_.
- *  Negative indices count backward from the end of the
- *  array (-1 is the last element). Returns +nil+ if the index
- *  (or starting index) are out of range.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
- *     a[2] +  a[0] + a[1]    #=> "cab"
- *     a[6]                   #=> nil
- *     a[1, 2]                #=> [ "b", "c" ]
- *     a[1..3]                #=> [ "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a[4..7]                #=> [ "e" ]
- *     a[6..10]               #=> nil
- *     a[-3, 3]               #=> [ "c", "d", "e" ]
- *     # special cases
- *     a[5]                   #=> nil
- *     a[5, 1]                #=> []
- *     a[5..10]               #=> []
- *
+ *    array[index] -> object or nil
+ *    array[start, length] -> object or nil
+ *    array[range] -> object or nil
+ *    array[aseq] -> object or nil
+ *    array.slice(index) -> object or nil
+ *    array.slice(start, length) -> object or nil
+ *    array.slice(range) -> object or nil
+ *    array.slice(aseq) -> object or nil
+ *
+ *  Returns elements from +self+; does not modify +self+.
+ *
+ *  When a single \Integer argument +index+ is given, returns the element at offset +index+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[0] # => :foo
+ *    a[2] # => 2
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If +index+ is negative, counts relative to the end of +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[-1] # => 2
+ *    a[-2] # => "bar"
+ *
+ *  If +index+ is out of range, returns +nil+.
+ *
+ *  When two \Integer arguments +start+ and +length+ are given,
+ *  returns a new \Array of size +length+ containing successive elements beginning at offset +start+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[0, 2] # => [:foo, "bar"]
+ *    a[1, 2] # => ["bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>start + length</tt> is greater than <tt>self.length</tt>,
+ *  returns all elements from offset +start+ to the end:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[0, 4] # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *    a[1, 3] # => ["bar", 2]
+ *    a[2, 2] # => [2]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>start == self.size</tt> and <tt>length >= 0</tt>,
+ *  returns a new empty \Array.
+ *
+ *  If +length+ is negative, returns +nil+.
+ *
+ *  When a single \Range argument +range+ is given,
+ *  treats <tt>range.min</tt> as +start+ above
+ *  and <tt>range.size</tt> as +length+ above:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[0..1] # => [:foo, "bar"]
+ *    a[1..2] # => ["bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  Special case: If <tt>range.start == a.size</tt>, returns a new empty \Array.
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.end</tt> is negative, calculates the end index from the end:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[0..-1] # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *    a[0..-2] # => [:foo, "bar"]
+ *    a[0..-3] # => [:foo]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.start</tt> is negative, calculates the start index from the end:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[-1..2] # => [2]
+ *    a[-2..2] # => ["bar", 2]
+ *    a[-3..2] # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.start</tt> is larger than the array size, returns +nil+.
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[4..1] # => nil
+ *    a[4..0] # => nil
+ *    a[4..-1] # => nil
+ *
+ *  When a single Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence argument +aseq+ is given,
+ *  returns an Array of elements corresponding to the indexes produced by
+ *  the sequence.
+ *    a = ['--', 'data1', '--', 'data2', '--', 'data3']
+ *    a[(1..).step(2)] # => ["data1", "data2", "data3"]
+ *
+ *  Unlike slicing with range, if the start or the end of the arithmetic sequence
+ *  is larger than array size, throws RangeError.
+ *    a = ['--', 'data1', '--', 'data2', '--', 'data3']
+ *    a[(1..11).step(2)]
+ *    # RangeError (((1..11).step(2)) out of range)
+ *    a[(7..).step(2)]
+ *    # RangeError (((7..).step(2)) out of range)
+ *
+ *  If given a single argument, and its type is not one of the listed, tries to
+ *  convert it to Integer, and raises if it is impossible:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    # Raises TypeError (no implicit conversion of Symbol into Integer):
+ *    a[:foo]
+ *
+ *  Array#slice is an alias for Array#[].
  */
 
 VALUE
-rb_ary_aref(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+rb_ary_aref(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE arg;
-    long beg, len;
-
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2);
     if (argc == 2) {
-	beg = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
-	len = NUM2LONG(argv[1]);
-	if (beg < 0) {
-	    beg += RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-	}
-	return rb_ary_subseq(ary, beg, len);
+	return rb_ary_aref2(ary, argv[0], argv[1]);
     }
-    if (argc != 1) {
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", 0, 0);
+    return rb_ary_aref1(ary, argv[0]);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_aref2(VALUE ary, VALUE b, VALUE e)
+{
+    long beg = NUM2LONG(b);
+    long len = NUM2LONG(e);
+    if (beg < 0) {
+	beg += RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     }
-    arg = argv[0];
+    return rb_ary_subseq(ary, beg, len);
+}
+
+MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED VALUE
+rb_ary_aref1(VALUE ary, VALUE arg)
+{
+    long beg, len, step;
+
     /* special case - speeding up */
     if (FIXNUM_P(arg)) {
 	return rb_ary_entry(ary, FIX2LONG(arg));
     }
-    /* check if idx is Range */
-    switch (rb_range_beg_len(arg, &beg, &len, RARRAY_LEN(ary), 0)) {
+    /* check if idx is Range or ArithmeticSequence */
+    switch (rb_arithmetic_sequence_beg_len_step(arg, &beg, &len, &step, RARRAY_LEN(ary), 0)) {
       case Qfalse:
-	break;
+        break;
       case Qnil:
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
       default:
-	return rb_ary_subseq(ary, beg, len);
+        return rb_ary_subseq_step(ary, beg, len, step);
     }
+
     return rb_ary_entry(ary, NUM2LONG(arg));
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.at(index)   ->   obj  or nil
- *
- *  Returns the element at _index_. A
- *  negative index counts from the end of +self+.  Returns +nil+
- *  if the index is out of range. See also <code>Array#[]</code>.
+ *    array.at(index) -> object
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
- *     a.at(0)     #=> "a"
- *     a.at(-1)    #=> "e"
+ *  Returns the element at \Integer offset +index+; does not modify +self+.
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.at(0) # => :foo
+ *    a.at(2) # => 2
  */
 
-static VALUE
+VALUE
 rb_ary_at(VALUE ary, VALUE pos)
 {
     return rb_ary_entry(ary, NUM2LONG(pos));
@@ -1065,24 +1859,39 @@ rb_ary_at(VALUE ary, VALUE pos)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.first     ->   obj or nil
- *     ary.first(n)  ->   new_ary
+ *    array.first -> object or nil
+ *    array.first(n) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns elements from +self+; does not modify +self+.
+ *
+ *  When no argument is given, returns the first element:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.first # => :foo
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If +self+ is empty, returns +nil+.
+ *
+ *  When non-negative \Integer argument +n+ is given,
+ *  returns the first +n+ elements in a new \Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.first(2) # => [:foo, "bar"]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>n >= array.size</tt>, returns all elements:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.first(50) # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
  *
- *  Returns the first element, or the first +n+ elements, of the array.
- *  If the array is empty, the first form returns <code>nil</code>, and the
- *  second form returns an empty array.
+ *  If <tt>n == 0</tt> returns an new empty \Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.first(0) # []
  *
- *     a = [ "q", "r", "s", "t" ]
- *     a.first     #=> "q"
- *     a.first(2)  #=> ["q", "r"]
+ *  Related: #last.
  */
-
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_first(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
     if (argc == 0) {
 	if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0) return Qnil;
-	return RARRAY_PTR(ary)[0];
+	return RARRAY_AREF(ary, 0);
     }
     else {
 	return ary_take_first_or_last(argc, argv, ary, ARY_TAKE_FIRST);
@@ -1091,23 +1900,41 @@ rb_ary_first(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.last     ->  obj or nil
- *     ary.last(n)  ->  new_ary
+ *    array.last  -> object or nil
+ *    array.last(n) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns elements from +self+; +self+ is not modified.
+ *
+ *  When no argument is given, returns the last element:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.last # => 2
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If +self+ is empty, returns +nil+.
  *
- *  Returns the last element(s) of +self+. If the array is empty,
- *  the first form returns <code>nil</code>.
+ *  When non-negative \Innteger argument +n+ is given,
+ *  returns the last +n+ elements in a new \Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.last(2) # => ["bar", 2]
  *
- *     a = [ "w", "x", "y", "z" ]
- *     a.last     #=> "z"
- *     a.last(2)  #=> ["y", "z"]
+ *  If <tt>n >= array.size</tt>, returns all elements:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.last(50) # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>n == 0</tt>, returns an new empty \Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.last(0) # []
+ *
+ *  Related: #first.
  */
 
 VALUE
-rb_ary_last(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+rb_ary_last(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
     if (argc == 0) {
-	if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0) return Qnil;
-	return RARRAY_PTR(ary)[RARRAY_LEN(ary)-1];
+	long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+	if (len == 0) return Qnil;
+	return RARRAY_AREF(ary, len-1);
     }
     else {
 	return ary_take_first_or_last(argc, argv, ary, ARY_TAKE_LAST);
@@ -1116,22 +1943,35 @@ rb_ary_last(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.fetch(index)                    -> obj
- *     ary.fetch(index, default )          -> obj
- *     ary.fetch(index) {|index| block }   -> obj
- *
- *  Tries to return the element at position <i>index</i>. If the index
- *  lies outside the array, the first form throws an
- *  <code>IndexError</code> exception, the second form returns
- *  <i>default</i>, and the third form returns the value of invoking
- *  the block, passing in the index. Negative values of <i>index</i>
- *  count from the end of the array.
- *
- *     a = [ 11, 22, 33, 44 ]
- *     a.fetch(1)               #=> 22
- *     a.fetch(-1)              #=> 44
- *     a.fetch(4, 'cat')        #=> "cat"
- *     a.fetch(4) { |i| i*i }   #=> 16
+ *    array.fetch(index) -> element
+ *    array.fetch(index, default_value) -> element
+ *    array.fetch(index) {|index| ... } -> element
+ *
+ *  Returns the element at offset  +index+.
+ *
+ *  With the single \Integer argument +index+,
+ *  returns the element at offset +index+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.fetch(1) # => "bar"
+ *
+ *  If +index+ is negative, counts from the end of the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.fetch(-1) # => 2
+ *    a.fetch(-2) # => "bar"
+ *
+ *  With arguments +index+ and +default_value+,
+ *  returns the element at offset +index+ if index is in range,
+ *  otherwise returns +default_value+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.fetch(1, nil) # => "bar"
+ *
+ *  With argument +index+ and a block,
+ *  returns the element at offset +index+ if index is in range
+ *  (and the block is not called); otherwise calls the block with index and returns its return value:
+ *
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.fetch(1) {|index| raise 'Cannot happen' } # => "bar"
+ *    a.fetch(50) {|index| "Value for #{index}" } # => "Value for 50"
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1159,29 +1999,42 @@ rb_ary_fetch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 	}
 	return ifnone;
     }
-    return RARRAY_PTR(ary)[idx];
+    return RARRAY_AREF(ary, idx);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.index(obj)           ->  int or nil
- *     ary.index {|item| block} ->  int or nil
- *     ary.index                ->  an_enumerator
+ *    array.index(object) -> integer or nil
+ *    array.index {|element| ... } -> integer or nil
+ *    array.index -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Returns the index of a specified element.
+ *
+ *  When argument +object+ is given but no block,
+ *  returns the index of the first element +element+
+ *  for which <tt>object == element</tt>:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bar']
+ *    a.index('bar') # => 1
+ *
+ *  Returns +nil+ if no such element found.
+ *
+ *  When both argument +object+ and a block are given,
+ *  calls the block with each successive element;
+ *  returns the index of the first element for which the block returns a truthy value:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bar']
+ *    a.index {|element| element == 'bar' } # => 1
  *
- *  Returns the index of the first object in +self+ such that the object is
- *  <code>==</code> to <i>obj</i>. If a block is given instead of an
- *  argument, returns index of first object for which <em>block</em> is true.
- *  Returns <code>nil</code> if no match is found.
- *  See also <code>Array#rindex</code>.
+ *  Returns +nil+ if the block never returns a truthy value.
  *
- *  If neither block nor argument is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
+ *  When neither an argument nor a block is given, returns a new Enumerator:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    e = a.index
+ *    e # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:index>
+ *    e.each {|element| element == 'bar' } # => 1
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.index("b")        #=> 1
- *     a.index("z")        #=> nil
- *     a.index{|x|x=="b"}  #=> 1
+ *  Array#find_index is an alias for Array#index.
  *
- *  This is an alias of <code>#find_index</code>.
+ *  Related: #rindex.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1193,69 +2046,85 @@ rb_ary_index(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     if (argc == 0) {
 	RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
 	for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	    if (RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]))) {
+	    if (RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) {
 		return LONG2NUM(i);
 	    }
 	}
 	return Qnil;
     }
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1", &val);
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
+    val = argv[0];
     if (rb_block_given_p())
 	rb_warn("given block not used");
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	if (rb_equal(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i], val))
+	VALUE e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+	if (rb_equal(e, val)) {
 	    return LONG2NUM(i);
+	}
     }
     return Qnil;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.rindex(obj)           ->  int or nil
- *     ary.rindex {|item| block} ->  int or nil
- *     ary.rindex                ->  an_enumerator
- *
- *  Returns the index of the last object in +self+
- *  <code>==</code> to <i>obj</i>. If a block is given instead of an
- *  argument, returns index of first object for which <em>block</em> is
- *  true, starting from the last object.
- *  Returns <code>nil</code> if no match is found.
- *  See also <code>Array#index</code>.
- *
- *  If neither block nor argument is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "b", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.rindex("b")             #=> 3
- *     a.rindex("z")             #=> nil
- *     a.rindex { |x| x == "b" } #=> 3
+ *    array.rindex(object) -> integer or nil
+ *    array.rindex {|element| ... } -> integer or nil
+ *    array.rindex -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Returns the index of the last element for which <tt>object == element</tt>.
+ *
+ *  When argument +object+ is given but no block, returns the index of the last such element found:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bar']
+ *    a.rindex('bar') # => 3
+ *
+ *  Returns +nil+ if no such object found.
+ *
+ *  When a block is given but no argument, calls the block with each successive element;
+ *  returns the index of the last element for which the block returns a truthy value:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bar']
+ *    a.rindex {|element| element == 'bar' } # => 3
+ *
+ *  Returns +nil+ if the block never returns a truthy value.
+ *
+ *  When neither an argument nor a block is given, returns a new \Enumerator:
+ *
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bar']
+ *    e = a.rindex
+ *    e # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2, "bar"]:rindex>
+ *    e.each {|element| element == 'bar' } # => 3
+ *
+ *  Related: #index.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_rindex(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
     VALUE val;
-    long i = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    long i = RARRAY_LEN(ary), len;
 
     if (argc == 0) {
 	RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
 	while (i--) {
-	    if (RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i])))
+	    if (RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i))))
 		return LONG2NUM(i);
-	    if (i > RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
-		i = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+	    if (i > (len = RARRAY_LEN(ary))) {
+		i = len;
 	    }
 	}
 	return Qnil;
     }
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1", &val);
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
+    val = argv[0];
     if (rb_block_given_p())
 	rb_warn("given block not used");
     while (i--) {
-	if (rb_equal(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i], val))
+	VALUE e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+	if (rb_equal(e, val)) {
 	    return LONG2NUM(i);
-	if (i > RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
-	    i = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
 	}
+        if (i > RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
+            break;
+        }
     }
     return Qnil;
 }
@@ -1270,63 +2139,90 @@ rb_ary_to_ary(VALUE obj)
 }
 
 static void
-rb_ary_splice(VALUE ary, long beg, long len, VALUE rpl)
+rb_ary_splice(VALUE ary, long beg, long len, const VALUE *rptr, long rlen)
 {
-    long rlen;
+    long olen;
+    long rofs;
 
     if (len < 0) rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "negative length (%ld)", len);
+    olen = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     if (beg < 0) {
-	beg += RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+	beg += olen;
 	if (beg < 0) {
 	    rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "index %ld too small for array; minimum: %ld",
-		     beg - RARRAY_LEN(ary), -RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+		     beg - olen, -olen);
 	}
     }
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) < len || RARRAY_LEN(ary) < beg + len) {
-	len = RARRAY_LEN(ary) - beg;
+    if (olen < len || olen < beg + len) {
+	len = olen - beg;
     }
 
-    if (rpl == Qundef) {
-	rlen = 0;
-    }
-    else {
-	rpl = rb_ary_to_ary(rpl);
-	rlen = RARRAY_LEN(rpl);
+    {
+        const VALUE *optr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
+	rofs = (rptr >= optr && rptr < optr + olen) ? rptr - optr : -1;
     }
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    if (beg >= RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
+
+    if (beg >= olen) {
+	VALUE target_ary;
 	if (beg > ARY_MAX_SIZE - rlen) {
 	    rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "index %ld too big", beg);
 	}
+	target_ary = ary_ensure_room_for_push(ary, rlen-len); /* len is 0 or negative */
 	len = beg + rlen;
-	if (len >= ARY_CAPA(ary)) {
-	    ary_double_capa(ary, len);
-	}
-	rb_mem_clear(RARRAY_PTR(ary) + RARRAY_LEN(ary), beg - RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+	ary_mem_clear(ary, olen, beg - olen);
 	if (rlen > 0) {
-	    MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(ary) + beg, RARRAY_PTR(rpl), VALUE, rlen);
+            if (rofs != -1) rptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary) + rofs;
+	    ary_memcpy0(ary, beg, rlen, rptr, target_ary);
 	}
 	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, len);
     }
     else {
 	long alen;
 
-	alen = RARRAY_LEN(ary) + rlen - len;
+	if (olen - len > ARY_MAX_SIZE - rlen) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "index %ld too big", olen + rlen - len);
+	}
+	rb_ary_modify(ary);
+	alen = olen + rlen - len;
 	if (alen >= ARY_CAPA(ary)) {
 	    ary_double_capa(ary, alen);
 	}
 
 	if (len != rlen) {
-	    MEMMOVE(RARRAY_PTR(ary) + beg + rlen, RARRAY_PTR(ary) + beg + len,
-		    VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(ary) - (beg + len));
+            RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr,
+                                     MEMMOVE(ptr + beg + rlen, ptr + beg + len,
+                                             VALUE, olen - (beg + len)));
 	    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, alen);
 	}
 	if (rlen > 0) {
-	    MEMMOVE(RARRAY_PTR(ary) + beg, RARRAY_PTR(rpl), VALUE, rlen);
+            if (rofs != -1) rptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary) + rofs;
+            /* give up wb-protected ary */
+            RB_OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT_FOR(ARRAY, ary);
+
+            /* do not use RARRAY_PTR() because it can causes GC.
+             * ary can contain T_NONE object because it is not cleared.
+             */
+            RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr,
+                                     MEMMOVE(ptr + beg, rptr, VALUE, rlen));
 	}
     }
 }
 
+void
+rb_ary_set_len(VALUE ary, long len)
+{
+    long capa;
+
+    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+    if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "can't set length of shared ");
+    }
+    if (len > (capa = (long)ARY_CAPA(ary))) {
+	rb_bug("probable buffer overflow: %ld for %ld", len, capa);
+    }
+    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, len);
+}
+
 /*!
  * expands or shrinks \a ary to \a len elements.
  * expanded region will be filled with Qnil.
@@ -1350,8 +2246,8 @@ rb_ary_resize(VALUE ary, long len)
 	if (len >= ARY_CAPA(ary)) {
 	    ary_double_capa(ary, len);
 	}
-	rb_mem_clear(RARRAY_PTR(ary) + olen, len - olen);
-        ARY_SET_LEN(ary, len);
+	ary_mem_clear(ary, olen, len - olen);
+	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, len);
     }
     else if (ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) {
         ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(ary, len);
@@ -1360,45 +2256,133 @@ rb_ary_resize(VALUE ary, long len)
 	VALUE tmp[RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX];
 	MEMCPY(tmp, ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary), VALUE, len);
 	ary_discard(ary);
-	MEMCPY(ARY_EMBED_PTR(ary), tmp, VALUE, len);
+	MEMCPY((VALUE *)ARY_EMBED_PTR(ary), tmp, VALUE, len); /* WB: no new reference */
         ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(ary, len);
     }
     else {
 	if (olen > len + ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE) {
-	    REALLOC_N(RARRAY(ary)->as.heap.ptr, VALUE, len);
+            ary_heap_realloc(ary, len);
 	    ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, len);
 	}
 	ARY_SET_HEAP_LEN(ary, len);
     }
+    ary_verify(ary);
     return ary;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+ary_aset_by_rb_ary_store(VALUE ary, long key, VALUE val)
+{
+    rb_ary_store(ary, key, val);
+    return val;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_aset_by_rb_ary_splice(VALUE ary, long beg, long len, VALUE val)
+{
+    VALUE rpl = rb_ary_to_ary(val);
+    rb_ary_splice(ary, beg, len, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(rpl), RARRAY_LEN(rpl));
+    RB_GC_GUARD(rpl);
+    return val;
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary[index]         = obj                      ->  obj
- *     ary[start, length] = obj or other_ary or nil  ->  obj or other_ary or nil
- *     ary[range]         = obj or other_ary or nil  ->  obj or other_ary or nil
- *
- *  Element Assignment---Sets the element at _index_,
- *  or replaces a subarray starting at _start_ and
- *  continuing for _length_ elements, or replaces a subarray
- *  specified by _range_.  If indices are greater than
- *  the current capacity of the array, the array grows
- *  automatically. A negative indices will count backward
- *  from the end of the array. Inserts elements if _length_ is
- *  zero. An +IndexError+ is raised if a negative index points
- *  past the beginning of the array. See also
- *  <code>Array#push</code>, and <code>Array#unshift</code>.
- *
- *     a = Array.new
- *     a[4] = "4";                 #=> [nil, nil, nil, nil, "4"]
- *     a[0, 3] = [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ] #=> ["a", "b", "c", nil, "4"]
- *     a[1..2] = [ 1, 2 ]          #=> ["a", 1, 2, nil, "4"]
- *     a[0, 2] = "?"               #=> ["?", 2, nil, "4"]
- *     a[0..2] = "A"               #=> ["A", "4"]
- *     a[-1]   = "Z"               #=> ["A", "Z"]
- *     a[1..-1] = nil              #=> ["A", nil]
- *     a[1..-1] = []               #=> ["A"]
+ *    array[index] = object -> object
+ *    array[start, length] = object -> object
+ *    array[range] = object -> object
+ *
+ *  Assigns elements in +self+; returns the given +object+.
+ *
+ *  When \Integer argument +index+ is given, assigns +object+ to an element in +self+.
+ *
+ *  If +index+ is non-negative, assigns +object+ the element at offset +index+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[0] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => ["foo", "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If +index+ is greater than <tt>self.length</tt>, extends the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[7] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2, nil, nil, nil, nil, "foo"]
+ *
+ *  If +index+ is negative, counts backwards from the end of the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[-1] = 'two' # => "two"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", "two"]
+ *
+ *  When \Integer arguments +start+ and +length+ are given and +object+ is not an \Array,
+ *  removes <tt>length - 1</tt> elements beginning at offset +start+,
+ *  and assigns +object+ at offset +start+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[0, 2] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => ["foo", 2]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is negative, counts backwards from the end of the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[-2, 2] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "foo"]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is non-negative and outside the array (<tt> >= self.size</tt>),
+ *  extends the array with +nil+, assigns +object+ at offset +start+,
+ *  and ignores +length+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[6, 50] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2, nil, nil, nil, "foo"]
+ *
+ *  If +length+ is zero, shifts elements at and following offset +start+
+ *  and assigns +object+ at offset +start+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[1, 0] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "foo", "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If +length+ is too large for the existing array, does not extend the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[1, 5] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "foo"]
+ *
+ *  When \Range argument +range+ is given and +object+ is an \Array,
+ *  removes <tt>length - 1</tt> elements beginning at offset +start+,
+ *  and assigns +object+ at offset +start+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[0..1] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => ["foo", 2]
+ *
+ *  if <tt>range.begin</tt> is negative, counts backwards from the end of the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[-2..2] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "foo"]
+ *
+ *  If the array length is less than <tt>range.begin</tt>,
+ *  assigns +object+ at offset <tt>range.begin</tt>, and ignores +length+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[6..50] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2, nil, nil, nil, "foo"]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.end</tt> is zero, shifts elements at and following offset +start+
+ *  and assigns +object+ at offset +start+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[1..0] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "foo", "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.end</tt> is negative, assigns +object+ at offset +start+,
+ *  retains <tt>range.end.abs -1</tt> elements past that, and removes those beyond:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[1..-1] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "foo"]
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[1..-2] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "foo", 2]
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[1..-3] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "foo", "bar", 2]
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.end</tt> is too large for the existing array,
+ *  replaces array elements, but does not extend the array with +nil+ values:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a[1..5] = 'foo' # => "foo"
+ *    a # => [:foo, "foo"]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1406,43 +2390,55 @@ rb_ary_aset(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
     long offset, beg, len;
 
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 2, 3);
+    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
     if (argc == 3) {
-	rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
 	beg = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
 	len = NUM2LONG(argv[1]);
-	rb_ary_splice(ary, beg, len, argv[2]);
-	return argv[2];
+        return ary_aset_by_rb_ary_splice(ary, beg, len, argv[2]);
     }
-    if (argc != 2) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2)", argc);
-    }
-    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
     if (FIXNUM_P(argv[0])) {
 	offset = FIX2LONG(argv[0]);
-	goto fixnum;
+        return ary_aset_by_rb_ary_store(ary, offset, argv[1]);
     }
     if (rb_range_beg_len(argv[0], &beg, &len, RARRAY_LEN(ary), 1)) {
 	/* check if idx is Range */
-	rb_ary_splice(ary, beg, len, argv[1]);
-	return argv[1];
+        return ary_aset_by_rb_ary_splice(ary, beg, len, argv[1]);
     }
 
     offset = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
-fixnum:
-    rb_ary_store(ary, offset, argv[1]);
-    return argv[1];
+    return ary_aset_by_rb_ary_store(ary, offset, argv[1]);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.insert(index, obj...)  -> ary
- *
- *  Inserts the given values before the element with the given index
- *  (which may be negative).
- *
- *     a = %w{ a b c d }
- *     a.insert(2, 99)         #=> ["a", "b", 99, "c", "d"]
- *     a.insert(-2, 1, 2, 3)   #=> ["a", "b", 99, "c", 1, 2, 3, "d"]
+ *    array.insert(index, *objects) -> self
+ *
+ *  Inserts given +objects+ before or after the element at \Integer index +offset+;
+ *  returns +self+.
+ *
+ *  When +index+ is non-negative, inserts all given +objects+
+ *  before the element at offset +index+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.insert(1, :bat, :bam) # => [:foo, :bat, :bam, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  Extends the array if +index+ is beyond the array (<tt>index >= self.size</tt>):
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.insert(5, :bat, :bam)
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2, nil, nil, :bat, :bam]
+ *
+ *  Does nothing if no objects given:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.insert(1)
+ *    a.insert(50)
+ *    a.insert(-50)
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  When +index+ is negative, inserts all given +objects+
+ *  _after_ the element at offset <tt>index+self.size</tt>:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.insert(-2, :bat, :bam)
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", :bat, :bam, 2]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1450,77 +2446,129 @@ rb_ary_insert(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
     long pos;
 
-    if (argc < 1) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (at least 1)");
-    }
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 1, UNLIMITED_ARGUMENTS);
     rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-    if (argc == 1) return ary;
     pos = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
+    if (argc == 1) return ary;
     if (pos == -1) {
 	pos = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     }
-    if (pos < 0) {
+    else if (pos < 0) {
+	long minpos = -RARRAY_LEN(ary) - 1;
+	if (pos < minpos) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "index %ld too small for array; minimum: %ld",
+		     pos, minpos);
+	}
 	pos++;
     }
-    rb_ary_splice(ary, pos, 0, rb_ary_new4(argc - 1, argv + 1));
+    rb_ary_splice(ary, pos, 0, argv + 1, argc - 1);
     return ary;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_length(VALUE ary);
+
+static VALUE
+ary_enum_length(VALUE ary, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
+{
+    return rb_ary_length(ary);
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.each {|item| block }   -> ary
- *     ary.each                   -> an_enumerator
+ *    array.each {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    array.each -> Enumerator
+ *
+ *  Iterates over array elements.
+ *
+ *  When a block given, passes each successive array element to the block;
+ *  returns +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.each {|element|  puts "#{element.class} #{element}" }
  *
- *  Calls <i>block</i> once for each element in +self+, passing that
- *  element as a parameter.
+ *  Output:
+ *    Symbol foo
+ *    String bar
+ *    Integer 2
  *
- *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
+ *  Allows the array to be modified during iteration:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.each {|element| puts element; a.clear if element.to_s.start_with?('b') }
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.each {|x| print x, " -- " }
+ *  Output:
+ *    foo
+ *    bar
  *
- *  produces:
+ *  When no block given, returns a new \Enumerator:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    e = a.each
+ *    e # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:each>
+ *    a1 = e.each {|element|  puts "#{element.class} #{element}" }
  *
- *     a -- b -- c --
+ *  Output:
+ *    Symbol foo
+ *    String bar
+ *    Integer 2
+ *
+ *  Related: #each_index, #reverse_each.
  */
 
 VALUE
-rb_ary_each(VALUE array)
+rb_ary_each(VALUE ary)
 {
     long i;
-    volatile VALUE ary = array;
-
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
+    ary_verify(ary);
+    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0, ary_enum_length);
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]);
+	rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
     }
     return ary;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.each_index {|index| block }  -> ary
- *     ary.each_index                   -> an_enumerator
+ *    array.each_index {|index| ... } -> self
+ *    array.each_index -> Enumerator
  *
- *  Same as <code>Array#each</code>, but passes the index of the element
- *  instead of the element itself.
+ *  Iterates over array indexes.
  *
- *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
+ *  When a block given, passes each successive array index to the block;
+ *  returns +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.each_index {|index|  puts "#{index} #{a[index]}" }
  *
+ *  Output:
+ *    0 foo
+ *    1 bar
+ *    2 2
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.each_index {|x| print x, " -- " }
+ *  Allows the array to be modified during iteration:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.each_index {|index| puts index; a.clear if index > 0 }
  *
- *  produces:
+ *  Output:
+ *    0
+ *    1
  *
- *     0 -- 1 -- 2 --
+ *  When no block given, returns a new \Enumerator:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    e = a.each_index
+ *    e # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:each_index>
+ *    a1 = e.each {|index|  puts "#{index} #{a[index]}"}
+ *
+ *  Output:
+ *    0 foo
+ *    1 bar
+ *    2 2
+ *
+ *  Related: #each, #reverse_each.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_each_index(VALUE ary)
 {
     long i;
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
+    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0, ary_enum_length);
 
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
 	rb_yield(LONG2NUM(i));
@@ -1530,18 +2578,40 @@ rb_ary_each_index(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.reverse_each {|item| block }   -> ary
- *     ary.reverse_each                   -> an_enumerator
- *
- *  Same as <code>Array#each</code>, but traverses +self+ in reverse
- *  order.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.reverse_each {|x| print x, " " }
- *
- *  produces:
- *
- *     c b a
+ *    array.reverse_each {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    array.reverse_each -> Enumerator
+ *
+ *  Iterates backwards over array elements.
+ *
+ *  When a block given, passes, in reverse order, each element to the block;
+ *  returns +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.reverse_each {|element|  puts "#{element.class} #{element}" }
+ *
+ *  Output:
+ *    Integer 2
+ *    String bar
+ *    Symbol foo
+ *
+ *  Allows the array to be modified during iteration:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.reverse_each {|element| puts element; a.clear if element.to_s.start_with?('b') }
+ *
+ *  Output:
+ *    2
+ *    bar
+ *
+ *  When no block given, returns a new \Enumerator:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    e = a.reverse_each
+ *    e # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:reverse_each>
+ *    a1 = e.each {|element|  puts "#{element.class} #{element}" }
+ *  Output:
+ *    Integer 2
+ *    String bar
+ *    Symbol foo
+ *
+ *  Related: #each, #each_index.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1549,12 +2619,14 @@ rb_ary_reverse_each(VALUE ary)
 {
     long len;
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
+    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0, ary_enum_length);
     len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     while (len--) {
-	rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[len]);
-	if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) < len) {
-	    len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+	long nlen;
+	rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, len));
+	nlen = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+	if (nlen < len) {
+	    len = nlen;
 	}
     }
     return ary;
@@ -1562,11 +2634,9 @@ rb_ary_reverse_each(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.length -> int
- *
- *  Returns the number of elements in +self+. May be zero.
+ *    array.length -> an_integer
  *
- *     [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ].length   #=> 5
+ *  Returns the count of elements in +self+.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1578,11 +2648,10 @@ rb_ary_length(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.empty?   -> true or false
+ *    array.empty?  -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns <code>true</code> if +self+ contains no elements.
- *
- *     [].empty?   #=> true
+ *  Returns +true+ if the count of elements in +self+ is zero,
+ *  +false+ otherwise.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1596,16 +2665,20 @@ rb_ary_empty_p(VALUE ary)
 VALUE
 rb_ary_dup(VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE dup = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-    MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(dup), RARRAY_PTR(ary), VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-    ARY_SET_LEN(dup, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+    long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    VALUE dup = rb_ary_new2(len);
+    ary_memcpy(dup, 0, len, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary));
+    ARY_SET_LEN(dup, len);
+
+    ary_verify(ary);
+    ary_verify(dup);
     return dup;
 }
 
 VALUE
 rb_ary_resurrect(VALUE ary)
 {
-    return rb_ary_new4(RARRAY_LEN(ary), RARRAY_PTR(ary));
+    return ary_make_partial(ary, rb_cArray, 0, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
 }
 
 extern VALUE rb_output_fs;
@@ -1630,20 +2703,48 @@ recursive_join(VALUE obj, VALUE argp, int recur)
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-static void
+static long
 ary_join_0(VALUE ary, VALUE sep, long max, VALUE result)
 {
     long i;
     VALUE val;
 
-    if (max > 0) rb_enc_copy(result, RARRAY_PTR(ary)[0]);
+    if (max > 0) rb_enc_copy(result, RARRAY_AREF(ary, 0));
     for (i=0; i<max; i++) {
-	val = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i];
+	val = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+        if (!RB_TYPE_P(val, T_STRING)) break;
 	if (i > 0 && !NIL_P(sep))
 	    rb_str_buf_append(result, sep);
 	rb_str_buf_append(result, val);
-	if (OBJ_TAINTED(val)) OBJ_TAINT(result);
-	if (OBJ_UNTRUSTED(val)) OBJ_TAINT(result);
+    }
+    return i;
+}
+
+static void
+ary_join_1_str(VALUE dst, VALUE src, int *first)
+{
+    rb_str_buf_append(dst, src);
+    if (*first) {
+        rb_enc_copy(dst, src);
+        *first = FALSE;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ary_join_1_ary(VALUE obj, VALUE ary, VALUE sep, VALUE result, VALUE val, int *first)
+{
+    if (val == ary) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "recursive array join");
+    }
+    else {
+        VALUE args[4];
+
+        *first = FALSE;
+        args[0] = val;
+        args[1] = sep;
+        args[2] = result;
+        args[3] = (VALUE)first;
+        rb_exec_recursive(recursive_join, obj, (VALUE)args);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1656,47 +2757,21 @@ ary_join_1(VALUE obj, VALUE ary, VALUE sep, long i, VALUE result, int *first)
 	if (i > 0 && !NIL_P(sep))
 	    rb_str_buf_append(result, sep);
 
-	val = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i];
-	switch (TYPE(val)) {
-	  case T_STRING:
-	  str_join:
-	    rb_str_buf_append(result, val);
-	    *first = FALSE;
-	    break;
-	  case T_ARRAY:
-	    obj = val;
-	  ary_join:
-	    if (val == ary) {
-		rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "recursive array join");
-	    }
-	    else {
-		VALUE args[4];
-
-		args[0] = val;
-		args[1] = sep;
-		args[2] = result;
-		args[3] = (VALUE)first;
-		rb_exec_recursive(recursive_join, obj, (VALUE)args);
-	    }
-	    break;
-	  default:
-	    tmp = rb_check_string_type(val);
-	    if (!NIL_P(tmp)) {
-		val = tmp;
-		goto str_join;
-	    }
-	    tmp = rb_check_convert_type(val, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
-	    if (!NIL_P(tmp)) {
-		obj = val;
-		val = tmp;
-		goto ary_join;
-	    }
-	    val = rb_obj_as_string(val);
-	    if (*first) {
-		rb_enc_copy(result, val);
-		*first = FALSE;
-	    }
-	    goto str_join;
+	val = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+	if (RB_TYPE_P(val, T_STRING)) {
+            ary_join_1_str(result, val, first);
+	}
+	else if (RB_TYPE_P(val, T_ARRAY)) {
+            ary_join_1_ary(val, ary, sep, result, val, first);
+	}
+        else if (!NIL_P(tmp = rb_check_string_type(val))) {
+            ary_join_1_str(result, tmp, first);
+        }
+        else if (!NIL_P(tmp = rb_check_array_type(val))) {
+            ary_join_1_ary(val, ary, sep, result, tmp, first);
+        }
+        else {
+            ary_join_1_str(result, rb_obj_as_string(val), first);
 	}
     }
 }
@@ -1705,29 +2780,25 @@ VALUE
 rb_ary_join(VALUE ary, VALUE sep)
 {
     long len = 1, i;
-    int taint = FALSE;
-    int untrust = FALSE;
     VALUE val, tmp, result;
 
     if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0) return rb_usascii_str_new(0, 0);
-    if (OBJ_TAINTED(ary) || OBJ_TAINTED(sep)) taint = TRUE;
-    if (OBJ_UNTRUSTED(ary) || OBJ_UNTRUSTED(sep)) untrust = TRUE;
 
     if (!NIL_P(sep)) {
 	StringValue(sep);
 	len += RSTRING_LEN(sep) * (RARRAY_LEN(ary) - 1);
     }
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	val = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i];
+	val = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
 	tmp = rb_check_string_type(val);
 
 	if (NIL_P(tmp) || tmp != val) {
 	    int first;
-	    result = rb_str_buf_new(len + (RARRAY_LEN(ary)-i)*10);
+            long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+            if (i > n) i = n;
+            result = rb_str_buf_new(len + (n-i)*10);
 	    rb_enc_associate(result, rb_usascii_encoding());
-	    if (taint) OBJ_TAINT(result);
-	    if (untrust) OBJ_UNTRUST(result);
-	    ary_join_0(ary, sep, i, result);
+            i = ary_join_0(ary, sep, i, result);
 	    first = i == 0;
 	    ary_join_1(ary, ary, sep, i, result, &first);
 	    return result;
@@ -1736,9 +2807,9 @@ rb_ary_join(VALUE ary, VALUE sep)
 	len += RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
     }
 
-    result = rb_str_buf_new(len);
-    if (taint) OBJ_TAINT(result);
-    if (untrust) OBJ_UNTRUST(result);
+    result = rb_str_new(0, len);
+    rb_str_set_len(result, 0);
+
     ary_join_0(ary, sep, RARRAY_LEN(ary), result);
 
     return result;
@@ -1746,22 +2817,38 @@ rb_ary_join(VALUE ary, VALUE sep)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.join(sep=$,)    -> str
- *
- *  Returns a string created by converting each element of the array to
- *  a string, separated by <i>sep</i>.
- *
- *     [ "a", "b", "c" ].join        #=> "abc"
- *     [ "a", "b", "c" ].join("-")   #=> "a-b-c"
+ *    array.join ->new_string
+ *    array.join(separator = $,) -> new_string
+ *
+ *  Returns the new \String formed by joining the array elements after conversion.
+ *  For each element +element+
+ *  - Uses <tt>element.to_s</tt> if +element+ is not a <tt>kind_of?(Array)</tt>.
+ *  - Uses recursive <tt>element.join(separator)</tt> if +element+ is a <tt>kind_of?(Array)</tt>.
+ *
+ *  With no argument, joins using the output field separator, <tt>$,</tt>:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    $, # => nil
+ *    a.join # => "foobar2"
+ *
+ *  With \string argument +separator+, joins using that separator:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.join("\n") # => "foo\nbar\n2"
+ *
+ *  Joins recursively for nested Arrays:
+ *   a = [:foo, [:bar, [:baz, :bat]]]
+ *   a.join # => "foobarbazbat"
  */
-
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_join_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
     VALUE sep;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &sep);
-    if (NIL_P(sep)) sep = rb_output_fs;
+    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) == 0 || NIL_P(sep = argv[0])) {
+        sep = rb_output_fs;
+        if (!NIL_P(sep)) {
+            rb_category_warn(RB_WARN_CATEGORY_DEPRECATED, "$, is set to non-nil value");
+        }
+    }
 
     return rb_ary_join(ary, sep);
 }
@@ -1769,33 +2856,31 @@ rb_ary_join_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 static VALUE
 inspect_ary(VALUE ary, VALUE dummy, int recur)
 {
-    int tainted = OBJ_TAINTED(ary);
-    int untrust = OBJ_UNTRUSTED(ary);
     long i;
     VALUE s, str;
 
     if (recur) return rb_usascii_str_new_cstr("[...]");
     str = rb_str_buf_new2("[");
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	s = rb_inspect(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]);
-	if (OBJ_TAINTED(s)) tainted = TRUE;
-	if (OBJ_UNTRUSTED(s)) untrust = TRUE;
+	s = rb_inspect(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
 	if (i > 0) rb_str_buf_cat2(str, ", ");
 	else rb_enc_copy(str, s);
 	rb_str_buf_append(str, s);
     }
     rb_str_buf_cat2(str, "]");
-    if (tainted) OBJ_TAINT(str);
-    if (untrust) OBJ_UNTRUST(str);
     return str;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.to_s -> string
- *     ary.inspect  -> string
+ *    array.inspect -> new_string
+ *
+ *  Returns the new \String formed by calling method <tt>#inspect</tt>
+ *  on each array element:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.inspect # => "[:foo, \"bar\", 2]"
  *
- *  Creates a string representation of +self+.
+ *  Array#to_s is an alias for Array#inspect.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1813,10 +2898,20 @@ rb_ary_to_s(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.to_a     -> ary
- *
- *  Returns +self+. If called on a subclass of Array, converts
- *  the receiver to an Array object.
+ *    to_a -> self or new_array
+ *
+ *  When +self+ is an instance of \Array, returns +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.to_a # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  Otherwise, returns a new \Array containing the elements of +self+:
+ *    class MyArray < Array; end
+ *    a = MyArray.new(['foo', 'bar', 'two'])
+ *    a.instance_of?(Array) # => false
+ *    a.kind_of?(Array) # => true
+ *    a1 = a.to_a
+ *    a1 # => ["foo", "bar", "two"]
+ *    a1.class # => Array # Not MyArray
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1832,7 +2927,53 @@ rb_ary_to_a(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.to_ary -> ary
+ *    array.to_h -> new_hash
+ *    array.to_h {|item| ... } -> new_hash
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Hash formed from +self+.
+ *
+ *  When a block is given, calls the block with each array element;
+ *  the block must return a 2-element \Array whose two elements
+ *  form a key-value pair in the returned \Hash:
+ *    a = ['foo', :bar, 1, [2, 3], {baz: 4}]
+ *    h = a.to_h {|item| [item, item] }
+ *    h # => {"foo"=>"foo", :bar=>:bar, 1=>1, [2, 3]=>[2, 3], {:baz=>4}=>{:baz=>4}}
+ *
+ *  When no block is given, +self+ must be an \Array of 2-element sub-arrays,
+ *  each sub-array is formed into a key-value pair in the new \Hash:
+ *    [].to_h # => {}
+ *    a = [['foo', 'zero'], ['bar', 'one'], ['baz', 'two']]
+ *    h = a.to_h
+ *    h # => {"foo"=>"zero", "bar"=>"one", "baz"=>"two"}
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_to_h(VALUE ary)
+{
+    long i;
+    VALUE hash = rb_hash_new_with_size(RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+    int block_given = rb_block_given_p();
+
+    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+	const VALUE e = rb_ary_elt(ary, i);
+	const VALUE elt = block_given ? rb_yield_force_blockarg(e) : e;
+	const VALUE key_value_pair = rb_check_array_type(elt);
+	if (NIL_P(key_value_pair)) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong element type %"PRIsVALUE" at %ld (expected array)",
+		     rb_obj_class(elt), i);
+	}
+	if (RARRAY_LEN(key_value_pair) != 2) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong array length at %ld (expected 2, was %ld)",
+		i, RARRAY_LEN(key_value_pair));
+	}
+	rb_hash_aset(hash, RARRAY_AREF(key_value_pair, 0), RARRAY_AREF(key_value_pair, 1));
+    }
+    return hash;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.to_ary -> self
  *
  *  Returns +self+.
  */
@@ -1844,8 +2985,7 @@ rb_ary_to_ary_m(VALUE ary)
 }
 
 static void
-ary_reverse(p1, p2)
-    VALUE *p1, *p2;
+ary_reverse(VALUE *p1, VALUE *p2)
 {
     while (p1 < p2) {
 	VALUE tmp = *p1;
@@ -1857,26 +2997,26 @@ ary_reverse(p1, p2)
 VALUE
 rb_ary_reverse(VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE *p1, *p2;
+    VALUE *p2;
+    long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
 
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) > 1) {
-	p1 = RARRAY_PTR(ary);
-	p2 = p1 + RARRAY_LEN(ary) - 1;	/* points last item */
-	ary_reverse(p1, p2);
+    if (len > 1) {
+        RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, p1, {
+            p2 = p1 + len - 1;	/* points last item */
+            ary_reverse(p1, p2);
+	}); /* WB: no new reference */
     }
     return ary;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.reverse!   -> ary
- *
- *  Reverses +self+ in place.
+ *    array.reverse! -> self
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.reverse!       #=> ["c", "b", "a"]
- *     a                #=> ["c", "b", "a"]
+ *  Reverses +self+ in place:
+ *    a = ['foo', 'bar', 'two']
+ *    a.reverse! # => ["two", "bar", "foo"]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1887,12 +3027,12 @@ rb_ary_reverse_bang(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.reverse -> new_ary
+ *    array.reverse -> new_array
  *
- *  Returns a new array containing +self+'s elements in reverse order.
- *
- *     [ "a", "b", "c" ].reverse   #=> ["c", "b", "a"]
- *     [ 1 ].reverse               #=> [1]
+ *  Returns a new \Array with the elements of +self+ in reverse order.
+ *    a = ['foo', 'bar', 'two']
+ *    a1 = a.reverse
+ *    a1 # => ["two", "bar", "foo"]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1902,8 +3042,8 @@ rb_ary_reverse_m(VALUE ary)
     VALUE dup = rb_ary_new2(len);
 
     if (len > 0) {
-	VALUE *p1 = RARRAY_PTR(ary);
-	VALUE *p2 = RARRAY_PTR(dup) + len - 1;
+        const VALUE *p1 = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
+        VALUE *p2 = (VALUE *)RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(dup) + len - 1;
 	do *p2-- = *p1++; while (--len > 0);
     }
     ARY_SET_LEN(dup, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
@@ -1916,92 +3056,145 @@ rotate_count(long cnt, long len)
     return (cnt < 0) ? (len - (~cnt % len) - 1) : (cnt % len);
 }
 
+static void
+ary_rotate_ptr(VALUE *ptr, long len, long cnt)
+{
+    if (cnt == 1) {
+        VALUE tmp = *ptr;
+        memmove(ptr, ptr + 1, sizeof(VALUE)*(len - 1));
+        *(ptr + len - 1) = tmp;
+    } else if (cnt == len - 1) {
+        VALUE tmp = *(ptr + len - 1);
+        memmove(ptr + 1, ptr, sizeof(VALUE)*(len - 1));
+        *ptr = tmp;
+    } else {
+        --len;
+        if (cnt < len) ary_reverse(ptr + cnt, ptr + len);
+        if (--cnt > 0) ary_reverse(ptr, ptr + cnt);
+        if (len > 0) ary_reverse(ptr, ptr + len);
+    }
+}
+
 VALUE
 rb_ary_rotate(VALUE ary, long cnt)
 {
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
 
     if (cnt != 0) {
-	VALUE *ptr = RARRAY_PTR(ary);
-	long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-
-	if (len > 0 && (cnt = rotate_count(cnt, len)) > 0) {
-	    --len;
-	    if (cnt < len) ary_reverse(ptr + cnt, ptr + len);
-	    if (--cnt > 0) ary_reverse(ptr, ptr + cnt);
-	    if (len > 0) ary_reverse(ptr, ptr + len);
-	    return ary;
-	}
+        long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+        if (len > 1 && (cnt = rotate_count(cnt, len)) > 0) {
+            RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, ary_rotate_ptr(ptr, len, cnt));
+            return ary;
+        }
     }
-
     return Qnil;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.rotate!(cnt=1) -> ary
- *
- *  Rotates +self+ in place so that the element at +cnt+ comes first,
- *  and returns +self+.  If +cnt+ is negative then it rotates in
- *  the opposite direction.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.rotate!        #=> ["b", "c", "d", "a"]
- *     a                #=> ["b", "c", "d", "a"]
- *     a.rotate!(2)     #=> ["d", "a", "b", "c"]
- *     a.rotate!(-3)    #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *    array.rotate! -> self
+ *    array.rotate!(count) -> self
+ *
+ *  Rotates +self+ in place by moving elements from one end to the other; returns +self+.
+ *
+ *  When no argument given, rotates the first element to the last position:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bar']
+ *    a.rotate! # => ["bar", 2, "bar", :foo]
+ *
+ *  When given a non-negative \Integer +count+,
+ *  rotates +count+ elements from the beginning to the end:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.rotate!(2)
+ *    a # => [2, :foo, "bar"]
+ *
+ *  If +count+ is large, uses <tt>count % array.size</tt> as the count:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.rotate!(20)
+ *    a # => [2, :foo, "bar"]
+ *
+ *  If +count+ is zero, returns +self+ unmodified:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.rotate!(0)
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  When given a negative Integer +count+, rotates in the opposite direction,
+ *  from end to beginning:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.rotate!(-2)
+ *    a # => ["bar", 2, :foo]
+ *
+ *  If +count+ is small (far from zero), uses <tt>count % array.size</tt> as the count:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.rotate!(-5)
+ *    a # => ["bar", 2, :foo]
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_rotate_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    long n = 1;
-
-    switch (argc) {
-      case 1: n = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
-      case 0: break;
-      default: rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", NULL);
-    }
+    long n = (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) ? NUM2LONG(argv[0]) : 1);
     rb_ary_rotate(ary, n);
     return ary;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.rotate(cnt=1) -> new_ary
- *
- *  Returns new array by rotating +self+ so that the element at
- *  +cnt+ in +self+ is the first element of the new array. If +cnt+
- *  is negative then it rotates in the opposite direction.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.rotate         #=> ["b", "c", "d", "a"]
- *     a                #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
- *     a.rotate(2)      #=> ["c", "d", "a", "b"]
- *     a.rotate(-3)     #=> ["b", "c", "d", "a"]
+ *    array.rotate -> new_array
+ *    array.rotate(count) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array formed from +self+ with elements
+ *  rotated from one end to the other.
+ *
+ *  When no argument given, returns a new \Array that is like +self+,
+ *  except that the first element has been rotated to the last position:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bar']
+ *    a1 = a.rotate
+ *    a1 # => ["bar", 2, "bar", :foo]
+ *
+ *  When given a non-negative \Integer +count+,
+ *  returns a new \Array with +count+ elements rotated from the beginning to the end:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a.rotate(2)
+ *    a1 # => [2, :foo, "bar"]
+ *
+ *  If +count+ is large, uses <tt>count % array.size</tt> as the count:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a.rotate(20)
+ *    a1 # => [2, :foo, "bar"]
+ *
+ *  If +count+ is zero, returns a copy of +self+, unmodified:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a.rotate(0)
+ *    a1 # => [:foo, "bar", 2]
+ *
+ *  When given a negative \Integer +count+, rotates in the opposite direction,
+ *  from end to beginning:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a.rotate(-2)
+ *    a1 # => ["bar", 2, :foo]
+ *
+ *  If +count+ is small (far from zero), uses <tt>count % array.size</tt> as the count:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a.rotate(-5)
+ *    a1 # => ["bar", 2, :foo]
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_rotate_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE rotated, *ptr, *ptr2;
-    long len, cnt = 1;
-
-    switch (argc) {
-      case 1: cnt = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
-      case 0: break;
-      default: rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", NULL);
-    }
+    VALUE rotated;
+    const VALUE *ptr;
+    long len;
+    long cnt = (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) ? NUM2LONG(argv[0]) : 1);
 
     len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     rotated = rb_ary_new2(len);
     if (len > 0) {
 	cnt = rotate_count(cnt, len);
-	ptr = RARRAY_PTR(ary);
-	ptr2 = RARRAY_PTR(rotated);
+        ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
 	len -= cnt;
-	MEMCPY(ptr2, ptr + cnt, VALUE, len);
-	MEMCPY(ptr2 + len, ptr, VALUE, cnt);
+	ary_memcpy(rotated, 0, len, ptr + cnt);
+	ary_memcpy(rotated, len, cnt, ptr);
     }
     ARY_SET_LEN(rotated, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
     return rotated;
@@ -2009,26 +3202,9 @@ rb_ary_rotate_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 
 struct ary_sort_data {
     VALUE ary;
-    int opt_methods;
-    int opt_inited;
+    struct cmp_opt_data cmp_opt;
 };
 
-enum {
-    sort_opt_Fixnum,
-    sort_opt_String,
-    sort_optimizable_count
-};
-
-#define STRING_P(s) (TYPE(s) == T_STRING && CLASS_OF(s) == rb_cString)
-
-#define SORT_OPTIMIZABLE_BIT(type) (1U << TOKEN_PASTE(sort_opt_,type))
-#define SORT_OPTIMIZABLE(data, type) \
-    (((data)->opt_inited & SORT_OPTIMIZABLE_BIT(type)) ? \
-     ((data)->opt_methods & SORT_OPTIMIZABLE_BIT(type)) : \
-     (((data)->opt_inited |= SORT_OPTIMIZABLE_BIT(type)), \
-      rb_method_basic_definition_p(TOKEN_PASTE(rb_c,type), id_cmp) && \
-      ((data)->opt_methods |= SORT_OPTIMIZABLE_BIT(type))))
-
 static VALUE
 sort_reentered(VALUE ary)
 {
@@ -2044,9 +3220,12 @@ sort_1(const void *ap, const void *bp, void *dummy)
     struct ary_sort_data *data = dummy;
     VALUE retval = sort_reentered(data->ary);
     VALUE a = *(const VALUE *)ap, b = *(const VALUE *)bp;
+    VALUE args[2];
     int n;
 
-    retval = rb_yield_values(2, a, b);
+    args[0] = a;
+    args[1] = b;
+    retval = rb_yield_values2(2, args);
     n = rb_cmpint(retval, a, b);
     sort_reentered(data->ary);
     return n;
@@ -2060,16 +3239,19 @@ sort_2(const void *ap, const void *bp, void *dummy)
     VALUE a = *(const VALUE *)ap, b = *(const VALUE *)bp;
     int n;
 
-    if (FIXNUM_P(a) && FIXNUM_P(b) && SORT_OPTIMIZABLE(data, Fixnum)) {
+    if (FIXNUM_P(a) && FIXNUM_P(b) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(data->cmp_opt, Integer)) {
 	if ((long)a > (long)b) return 1;
 	if ((long)a < (long)b) return -1;
 	return 0;
     }
-    if (STRING_P(a) && STRING_P(b) && SORT_OPTIMIZABLE(data, String)) {
+    if (STRING_P(a) && STRING_P(b) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(data->cmp_opt, String)) {
 	return rb_str_cmp(a, b);
     }
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(a) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(data->cmp_opt, Float)) {
+	return rb_float_cmp(a, b);
+    }
 
-    retval = rb_funcall(a, id_cmp, 1, b);
+    retval = rb_funcallv(a, id_cmp, 1, &b);
     n = rb_cmpint(retval, a, b);
     sort_reentered(data->ary);
 
@@ -2078,18 +3260,38 @@ sort_2(const void *ap, const void *bp, void *dummy)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.sort!                   -> ary
- *     ary.sort! {| a,b | block }  -> ary
- *
- *  Sorts +self+. Comparisons for
- *  the sort will be done using the <code><=></code> operator or using
- *  an optional code block. The block implements a comparison between
- *  <i>a</i> and <i>b</i>, returning -1, 0, or +1. See also
- *  <code>Enumerable#sort_by</code>.
- *
- *     a = [ "d", "a", "e", "c", "b" ]
- *     a.sort!                    #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
- *     a.sort! {|x,y| y <=> x }   #=> ["e", "d", "c", "b", "a"]
+ *    array.sort! -> self
+ *    array.sort! {|a, b| ... } -> self
+ *
+ *  Returns +self+ with its elements sorted in place.
+ *
+ *  With no block, compares elements using operator <tt><=></tt>
+ *  (see Comparable):
+ *    a = 'abcde'.split('').shuffle
+ *    a # => ["e", "b", "d", "a", "c"]
+ *    a.sort!
+ *    a # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
+ *
+ *  With a block, calls the block with each element pair;
+ *  for each element pair +a+ and +b+, the block should return an integer:
+ *  - Negative when +b+ is to follow +a+.
+ *  - Zero when +a+ and +b+ are equivalent.
+ *  - Positive when +a+ is to follow +b+.
+ *
+ *  Example:
+ *    a = 'abcde'.split('').shuffle
+ *    a # => ["e", "b", "d", "a", "c"]
+ *    a.sort! {|a, b| a <=> b }
+ *    a # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
+ *    a.sort! {|a, b| b <=> a }
+ *    a # => ["e", "d", "c", "b", "a"]
+ *
+ *  When the block returns zero, the order for +a+ and +b+ is indeterminate,
+ *  and may be unstable:
+ *    a = 'abcde'.split('').shuffle
+ *    a # => ["e", "b", "d", "a", "c"]
+ *    a.sort! {|a, b| 0 }
+ *    a # => ["d", "e", "c", "a", "b"]
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -2100,29 +3302,28 @@ rb_ary_sort_bang(VALUE ary)
     if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) > 1) {
 	VALUE tmp = ary_make_substitution(ary); /* only ary refers tmp */
 	struct ary_sort_data data;
-
-	RBASIC(tmp)->klass = 0;
+	long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+	RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(tmp);
 	data.ary = tmp;
-	data.opt_methods = 0;
-	data.opt_inited = 0;
-	ruby_qsort(RARRAY_PTR(tmp), RARRAY_LEN(tmp), sizeof(VALUE),
-		   rb_block_given_p()?sort_1:sort_2, &data);
-
+	data.cmp_opt.opt_methods = 0;
+	data.cmp_opt.opt_inited = 0;
+	RARRAY_PTR_USE(tmp, ptr, {
+            ruby_qsort(ptr, len, sizeof(VALUE),
+                       rb_block_given_p()?sort_1:sort_2, &data);
+	}); /* WB: no new reference */
+	rb_ary_modify(ary);
         if (ARY_EMBED_P(tmp)) {
-            assert(ARY_EMBED_P(tmp));
             if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) { /* ary might be destructively operated in the given block */
                 rb_ary_unshare(ary);
+		FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
             }
-            FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
-            MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(ary), ARY_EMBED_PTR(tmp), VALUE, ARY_EMBED_LEN(tmp));
+	    ary_memcpy(ary, 0, ARY_EMBED_LEN(tmp), ARY_EMBED_PTR(tmp));
             ARY_SET_LEN(ary, ARY_EMBED_LEN(tmp));
         }
         else {
-            assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(tmp));
-            if (ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary) == ARY_HEAP_PTR(tmp)) {
-                assert(!ARY_EMBED_P(ary));
+            if (!ARY_EMBED_P(ary) && ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary) == ARY_HEAP_PTR(tmp)) {
                 FL_UNSET_SHARED(ary);
-                ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, ARY_CAPA(tmp));
+                ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, RARRAY_LEN(tmp));
             }
             else {
                 assert(!ARY_SHARED_P(tmp));
@@ -2134,38 +3335,61 @@ rb_ary_sort_bang(VALUE ary)
                     rb_ary_unshare(ary);
                 }
                 else {
-                    xfree(ARY_HEAP_PTR(ary));
+                    ary_heap_free(ary);
                 }
-                ARY_SET_PTR(ary, RARRAY_PTR(tmp));
-                ARY_SET_HEAP_LEN(ary, RARRAY_LEN(tmp));
-                ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, ARY_CAPA(tmp));
+                ARY_SET_PTR(ary, ARY_HEAP_PTR(tmp));
+                ARY_SET_HEAP_LEN(ary, len);
+                ARY_SET_CAPA(ary, ARY_HEAP_LEN(tmp));
             }
             /* tmp was lost ownership for the ptr */
             FL_UNSET(tmp, FL_FREEZE);
             FL_SET_EMBED(tmp);
             ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(tmp, 0);
             FL_SET(tmp, FL_FREEZE);
-	}
+        }
         /* tmp will be GC'ed. */
-        RBASIC(tmp)->klass = rb_cArray;
+        RBASIC_SET_CLASS_RAW(tmp, rb_cArray); /* rb_cArray must be marked */
     }
+    ary_verify(ary);
     return ary;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.sort                   -> new_ary
- *     ary.sort {| a,b | block }  -> new_ary
- *
- *  Returns a new array created by sorting +self+. Comparisons for
- *  the sort will be done using the <code><=></code> operator or using
- *  an optional code block. The block implements a comparison between
- *  <i>a</i> and <i>b</i>, returning -1, 0, or +1. See also
- *  <code>Enumerable#sort_by</code>.
- *
- *     a = [ "d", "a", "e", "c", "b" ]
- *     a.sort                    #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
- *     a.sort {|x,y| y <=> x }   #=> ["e", "d", "c", "b", "a"]
+ *    array.sort -> new_array
+ *    array.sort {|a, b| ... } -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array whose elements are those from +self+, sorted.
+ *
+ *  With no block, compares elements using operator <tt><=></tt>
+ *  (see Comparable):
+ *    a = 'abcde'.split('').shuffle
+ *    a # => ["e", "b", "d", "a", "c"]
+ *    a1 = a.sort
+ *    a1 # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
+ *
+ *  With a block, calls the block with each element pair;
+ *  for each element pair +a+ and +b+, the block should return an integer:
+ *  - Negative when +b+ is to follow +a+.
+ *  - Zero when +a+ and +b+ are equivalent.
+ *  - Positive when +a+ is to follow +b+.
+ *
+ *  Example:
+ *    a = 'abcde'.split('').shuffle
+ *    a # => ["e", "b", "d", "a", "c"]
+ *    a1 = a.sort {|a, b| a <=> b }
+ *    a1 # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
+ *    a2 = a.sort {|a, b| b <=> a }
+ *    a2 # => ["e", "d", "c", "b", "a"]
+ *
+ *  When the block returns zero, the order for +a+ and +b+ is indeterminate,
+ *  and may be unstable:
+ *    a = 'abcde'.split('').shuffle
+ *    a # => ["e", "b", "d", "a", "c"]
+ *    a1 = a.sort {|a, b| 0 }
+ *    a1 # =>  ["c", "e", "b", "d", "a"]
+ *
+ *  Related: Enumerable#sort_by.
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -2176,23 +3400,195 @@ rb_ary_sort(VALUE ary)
     return ary;
 }
 
+static VALUE rb_ary_bsearch_index(VALUE ary);
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.bsearch {|element| ... } -> object
+ *    array.bsearch -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Returns an element from +self+ selected by a binary search.
+ *  +self+ should be sorted, but this is not checked.
+ *
+ *  By using binary search, finds a value from this array which meets
+ *  the given condition in <tt>O(log n)</tt> where +n+ is the size of the array.
+ *
+ *  There are two search modes:
+ *  - <b>Find-minimum mode</b>: the block should return +true+ or +false+.
+ *  - <b>Find-any mode</b>: the block should return a numeric value.
+ *
+ *  The block should not mix the modes by and sometimes returning +true+ or +false+
+ *  and sometimes returning a numeric value, but this is not checked.
+ *
+ *  <b>Find-Minimum Mode</b>
+ *
+ *  In find-minimum mode, the block always returns +true+ or +false+.
+ *  The further requirement (though not checked) is that
+ *  there are no indexes +i+ and +j+ such that:
+ *  - <tt>0 <= i < j <= self.size</tt>.
+ *  - The block returns +true+ for <tt>self[i]</tt> and +false+ for <tt>self[j]</tt>.
+ *
+ *  In find-minimum mode, method bsearch returns the first element for which the block returns true.
+ *
+ *  Examples:
+ *    a = [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]
+ *    a.bsearch {|x| x >= 4 } # => 4
+ *    a.bsearch {|x| x >= 6 } # => 7
+ *    a.bsearch {|x| x >= -1 } # => 0
+ *    a.bsearch {|x| x >= 100 } # => nil
+ *
+ *  Less formally: the block is such that all +false+-evaluating elements
+ *  precede all +true+-evaluating elements.
+ *
+ *  These make sense as blocks in find-minimum mode:
+ *    a = [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]
+ *    a.map {|x| x >= 4 } # => [false, true, true, true, true]
+ *    a.map {|x| x >= 6 } # => [false, false, true, true, true]
+ *    a.map {|x| x >= -1 } # => [true, true, true, true, true]
+ *    a.map {|x| x >= 100 } # => [false, false, false, false, false]
+ *
+ *  This would not make sense:
+ *    a = [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]
+ *    a.map {|x| x == 7 } # => [false, false, true, false, false]
+ *
+ *  <b>Find-Any Mode</b>
+ *
+ *  In find-any mode, the block always returns a numeric value.
+ *  The further requirement (though not checked) is that
+ *  there are no indexes +i+ and +j+ such that:
+ *  - <tt>0 <= i < j <= self.size</tt>.
+ *  - The block returns a negative value for <tt>self[i]</tt>
+ *    and a positive value for <tt>self[j]</tt>.
+ *  - The block returns a negative value for <tt>self[i]</tt> and zero <tt>self[j]</tt>.
+ *  - The block returns zero for <tt>self[i]</tt> and a positive value for <tt>self[j]</tt>.
+ *
+ *  In find-any mode, method bsearch returns some element
+ *  for which the block returns zero, or +nil+ if no such element is found.
+ *
+ *  Examples:
+ *    a = [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]
+ *    a.bsearch {|element| 7 <=> element } # => 7
+ *    a.bsearch {|element| -1 <=> element } # => nil
+ *    a.bsearch {|element| 5 <=> element } # => nil
+ *    a.bsearch {|element| 15 <=> element } # => nil
+ *
+ *  Less formally: the block is such that:
+ *  - All positive-evaluating elements precede all zero-evaluating elements.
+ *  - All positive-evaluating elements precede all negative-evaluating elements.
+ *  - All zero-evaluating elements precede all negative-evaluating elements.
+ *
+ *  These make sense as blocks in find-any mode:
+ *    a = [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]
+ *    a.map {|element| 7 <=> element } # => [1, 1, 0, -1, -1]
+ *    a.map {|element| -1 <=> element } # => [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1]
+ *    a.map {|element| 5 <=> element } # => [1, 1, -1, -1, -1]
+ *    a.map {|element| 15 <=> element } # => [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
+ *
+ *  This would not make sense:
+ *    a = [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]
+ *    a.map {|element| element <=> 7 } # => [-1, -1, 0, 1, 1]
+ *
+ *  Returns an enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]
+ *    a.bsearch # => #<Enumerator: [0, 4, 7, 10, 12]:bsearch>
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_bsearch(VALUE ary)
+{
+    VALUE index_result = rb_ary_bsearch_index(ary);
+
+    if (FIXNUM_P(index_result)) {
+	return rb_ary_entry(ary, FIX2LONG(index_result));
+    }
+    return index_result;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.bsearch_index {|element| ... } -> integer or nil
+ *    array.bsearch_index -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Searches +self+ as described at method #bsearch,
+ *  but returns the _index_ of the found element instead of the element itself.
+ */
 
 static VALUE
-sort_by_i(VALUE i)
+rb_ary_bsearch_index(VALUE ary)
+{
+    long low = 0, high = RARRAY_LEN(ary), mid;
+    int smaller = 0, satisfied = 0;
+    VALUE v, val;
+
+    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
+    while (low < high) {
+	mid = low + ((high - low) / 2);
+	val = rb_ary_entry(ary, mid);
+	v = rb_yield(val);
+	if (FIXNUM_P(v)) {
+	    if (v == INT2FIX(0)) return INT2FIX(mid);
+	    smaller = (SIGNED_VALUE)v < 0; /* Fixnum preserves its sign-bit */
+	}
+	else if (v == Qtrue) {
+	    satisfied = 1;
+	    smaller = 1;
+	}
+	else if (v == Qfalse || v == Qnil) {
+	    smaller = 0;
+	}
+	else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(v, rb_cNumeric)) {
+	    const VALUE zero = INT2FIX(0);
+	    switch (rb_cmpint(rb_funcallv(v, id_cmp, 1, &zero), v, zero)) {
+	      case 0: return INT2FIX(mid);
+	      case 1: smaller = 1; break;
+	      case -1: smaller = 0;
+	    }
+	}
+	else {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %"PRIsVALUE
+		     " (must be numeric, true, false or nil)",
+		     rb_obj_class(v));
+	}
+	if (smaller) {
+	    high = mid;
+	}
+	else {
+	    low = mid + 1;
+	}
+    }
+    if (!satisfied) return Qnil;
+    return INT2FIX(low);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+sort_by_i(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(i, dummy))
 {
     return rb_yield(i);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.sort_by! {| obj | block }    -> ary
- *     ary.sort_by!                     -> an_enumerator
+ *    array.sort_by! {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    array.sort_by! -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Sorts the elements of +self+ in place,
+ *  using an ordering determined by the block; returns self.
+ *
+ *  Calls the block with each successive element;
+ *  sorts elements based on the values returned from the block.
  *
- *  Sorts +self+ in place using a set of keys generated by mapping the
- *  values in +self+ through the given block.
+ *  For duplicates returned by the block, the ordering is indeterminate, and may be unstable.
  *
- *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
+ *  This example sorts strings based on their sizes:
+ *    a = ['aaaa', 'bbb', 'cc', 'd']
+ *    a.sort_by! {|element| element.size }
+ *    a # => ["d", "cc", "bbb", "aaaa"]
  *
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *
+ *    a = ['aaaa', 'bbb', 'cc', 'd']
+ *    a.sort_by! # => #<Enumerator: ["aaaa", "bbb", "cc", "d"]:sort_by!>
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2200,7 +3596,7 @@ rb_ary_sort_by_bang(VALUE ary)
 {
     VALUE sorted;
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
+    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0, ary_enum_length);
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
     sorted = rb_block_call(ary, rb_intern("sort_by"), 0, 0, sort_by_i, 0);
     rb_ary_replace(ary, sorted);
@@ -2210,20 +3606,21 @@ rb_ary_sort_by_bang(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.collect {|item| block }  -> new_ary
- *     ary.map     {|item| block }  -> new_ary
- *     ary.collect                  -> an_enumerator
- *     ary.map                      -> an_enumerator
+ *    array.map {|element| ... } -> new_array
+ *    array.map -> new_enumerator
  *
- *  Invokes <i>block</i> once for each element of +self+. Creates a
- *  new array containing the values returned by the block.
- *  See also <code>Enumerable#collect</code>.
+ *  Calls the block, if given, with each element of +self+;
+ *  returns a new \Array whose elements are the return values from the block:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a.map {|element| element.class }
+ *    a1 # => [Symbol, String, Integer]
  *
- *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a.map
+ *    a1 # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:map>
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.collect {|x| x + "!" }   #=> ["a!", "b!", "c!", "d!"]
- *     a                          #=> ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *  Array#collect is an alias for Array#map.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2232,10 +3629,10 @@ rb_ary_collect(VALUE ary)
     long i;
     VALUE collect;
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
+    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0, ary_enum_length);
     collect = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_LEN(ary));
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	rb_ary_push(collect, rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]));
+        rb_ary_push(collect, rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)));
     }
     return collect;
 }
@@ -2243,20 +3640,20 @@ rb_ary_collect(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.collect! {|item| block }   -> ary
- *     ary.map!     {|item| block }   -> ary
- *     ary.collect                    -> an_enumerator
- *     ary.map                        -> an_enumerator
+ *    array.map! {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    array.map! -> new_enumerator
  *
- *  Invokes the block once for each element of +self+, replacing the
- *  element with the value returned by _block_.
- *  See also <code>Enumerable#collect</code>.
+ *  Calls the block, if given, with each element;
+ *  replaces the element with the block's return value:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.map! { |element| element.class } # => [Symbol, String, Integer]
  *
- *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = a.map!
+ *    a1 # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:map!>
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.collect! {|x| x + "!" }
- *     a             #=>  [ "a!", "b!", "c!", "d!" ]
+ *  Array#collect! is an alias for Array#map!.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2264,16 +3661,16 @@ rb_ary_collect_bang(VALUE ary)
 {
     long i;
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
+    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0, ary_enum_length);
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]));
+	rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)));
     }
     return ary;
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_get_values_at(VALUE obj, long olen, int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE (*func) (VALUE, long))
+rb_get_values_at(VALUE obj, long olen, int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE (*func) (VALUE, long))
 {
     VALUE result = rb_ary_new2(argc);
     long beg, len, i, j;
@@ -2284,15 +3681,13 @@ rb_get_values_at(VALUE obj, long olen, int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE (*func) (VAL
 	    continue;
 	}
 	/* check if idx is Range */
-	switch (rb_range_beg_len(argv[i], &beg, &len, olen, 0)) {
-	  case Qfalse:
-	    break;
-	  case Qnil:
-	    continue;
-	  default:
-	    for (j=0; j<len; j++) {
-		rb_ary_push(result, (*func)(obj, j+beg));
+	if (rb_range_beg_len(argv[i], &beg, &len, olen, 1)) {
+	    long end = olen < beg+len ? olen : beg+len;
+	    for (j = beg; j < end; j++) {
+		rb_ary_push(result, (*func)(obj, j));
 	    }
+	    if (beg + len > j)
+		rb_ary_resize(result, RARRAY_LEN(result) + (beg + len) - j);
 	    continue;
 	}
 	rb_ary_push(result, (*func)(obj, NUM2LONG(argv[i])));
@@ -2300,42 +3695,98 @@ rb_get_values_at(VALUE obj, long olen, int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE (*func) (VAL
     return result;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+append_values_at_single(VALUE result, VALUE ary, long olen, VALUE idx)
+{
+    long beg, len;
+    if (FIXNUM_P(idx)) {
+	beg = FIX2LONG(idx);
+    }
+    /* check if idx is Range */
+    else if (rb_range_beg_len(idx, &beg, &len, olen, 1)) {
+	if (len > 0) {
+            const VALUE *const src = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
+	    const long end = beg + len;
+	    const long prevlen = RARRAY_LEN(result);
+	    if (beg < olen) {
+		rb_ary_cat(result, src + beg, end > olen ? olen-beg : len);
+	    }
+	    if (end > olen) {
+		rb_ary_store(result, prevlen + len - 1, Qnil);
+	    }
+	}
+	return result;
+    }
+    else {
+	beg = NUM2LONG(idx);
+    }
+    return rb_ary_push(result, rb_ary_entry(ary, beg));
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.values_at(selector,... )  -> new_ary
- *
- *  Returns an array containing the elements in
- *  +self+ corresponding to the given selector(s). The selectors
- *  may be either integer indices or ranges.
- *  See also <code>Array#select</code>.
- *
- *     a = %w{ a b c d e f }
- *     a.values_at(1, 3, 5)
- *     a.values_at(1, 3, 5, 7)
- *     a.values_at(-1, -3, -5, -7)
- *     a.values_at(1..3, 2...5)
+ *    array.values_at(*indexes) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array whose elements are the elements
+ *  of +self+ at the given \Integer +indexes+.
+ *
+ *  For each positive +index+, returns the element at offset +index+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.values_at(0, 2) # => [:foo, 2]
+ *
+ *  The given +indexes+ may be in any order, and may repeat:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.values_at(2, 0, 1, 0, 2) # => [2, :foo, "bar", :foo, 2]
+ *
+ *  Assigns +nil+ for an +index+ that is too large:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.values_at(0, 3, 1, 3) # => [:foo, nil, "bar", nil]
+ *
+ *  Returns a new empty \Array if no arguments given.
+ *
+ *  For each negative +index+, counts backward from the end of the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.values_at(-1, -3) # => [2, :foo]
+ *
+ *  Assigns +nil+ for an +index+ that is too small:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.values_at(0, -5, 1, -6, 2) # => [:foo, nil, "bar", nil, 2]
+ *
+ *  The given +indexes+ may have a mixture of signs:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.values_at(0, -2, 1, -1) # => [:foo, "bar", "bar", 2]
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_values_at(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    return rb_get_values_at(ary, RARRAY_LEN(ary), argc, argv, rb_ary_entry);
+    long i, olen = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    VALUE result = rb_ary_new_capa(argc);
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
+	append_values_at_single(result, ary, olen, argv[i]);
+    }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(ary);
+    return result;
 }
 
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.select {|item| block } -> new_ary
- *     ary.select                 -> an_enumerator
+ *    array.select {|element| ... } -> new_array
+ *    array.select -> new_enumerator
  *
- *  Invokes the block passing in successive elements from +self+,
- *  returning an array containing those elements for which the block
- *  returns a true value (equivalent to <code>Enumerable#select</code>).
+ *  Calls the block, if given, with each element of +self+;
+ *  returns a new \Array containing those elements of +self+
+ *  for which the block returns a truthy value:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, :bam]
+ *    a1 = a.select {|element| element.to_s.start_with?('b') }
+ *    a1 # => ["bar", :bam]
  *
- *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, :bam]
+ *    a.select # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2, :bam]:select>
  *
- *     a = %w{ a b c d e f }
- *     a.select {|v| v =~ /[aeiou]/}   #=> ["a", "e"]
+ *  Array#filter is an alias for Array#select.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2344,93 +3795,161 @@ rb_ary_select(VALUE ary)
     VALUE result;
     long i;
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
+    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0, ary_enum_length);
     result = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_LEN(ary));
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	if (RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]))) {
+	if (RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) {
 	    rb_ary_push(result, rb_ary_elt(ary, i));
 	}
     }
     return result;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.select! {|item| block } -> ary or nil
- *     ary.select!                 -> an_enumerator
- *
- *  Invokes the block passing in successive elements from
- *  +self+, deleting elements for which the block returns a
- *  false value. It returns +self+ if changes were made,
- *  otherwise it returns <code>nil</code>.
- *  See also <code>Array#keep_if</code>
- *
- *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- */
+struct select_bang_arg {
+    VALUE ary;
+    long len[2];
+};
 
 static VALUE
-rb_ary_select_bang(VALUE ary)
+select_bang_i(VALUE a)
 {
+    volatile struct select_bang_arg *arg = (void *)a;
+    VALUE ary = arg->ary;
     long i1, i2;
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    for (i1 = i2 = 0; i1 < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i1++) {
-	VALUE v = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i1];
+    for (i1 = i2 = 0; i1 < RARRAY_LEN(ary); arg->len[0] = ++i1) {
+	VALUE v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i1);
 	if (!RTEST(rb_yield(v))) continue;
 	if (i1 != i2) {
 	    rb_ary_store(ary, i2, v);
 	}
-	i2++;
+	arg->len[1] = ++i2;
     }
+    return (i1 == i2) ? Qnil : ary;
+}
 
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == i2) return Qnil;
-    if (i2 < RARRAY_LEN(ary))
-	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, i2);
+static VALUE
+select_bang_ensure(VALUE a)
+{
+    volatile struct select_bang_arg *arg = (void *)a;
+    VALUE ary = arg->ary;
+    long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    long i1 = arg->len[0], i2 = arg->len[1];
+
+    if (i2 < len && i2 < i1) {
+	long tail = 0;
+        rb_ary_modify(ary);
+	if (i1 < len) {
+	    tail = len - i1;
+            RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
+		    MEMMOVE(ptr + i2, ptr + i1, VALUE, tail);
+		});
+	}
+	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, i2 + tail);
+    }
     return ary;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.keep_if {|item| block } -> ary
- *     ary.keep_if                 -> an_enumerator
+ *    array.select! {|element| ... } -> self or nil
+ *    array.select! -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Calls the block, if given  with each element of +self+;
+ *  removes from +self+ those elements for which the block returns +false+ or +nil+.
  *
- *  Deletes every element of +self+ for which <i>block</i> evaluates
- *  to false.
- *  See also <code>Array#select!</code>
+ *  Returns +self+ if any elements were removed:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, :bam]
+ *    a.select! {|element| element.to_s.start_with?('b') } # => ["bar", :bam]
+ *
+ *  Returns +nil+ if no elements were removed.
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, :bam]
+ *    a.select! # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2, :bam]:select!>
+ *
+ *  Array#filter! is an alias for Array#select!.
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_select_bang(VALUE ary)
+{
+    struct select_bang_arg args;
+
+    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0, ary_enum_length);
+    rb_ary_modify(ary);
+
+    args.ary = ary;
+    args.len[0] = args.len[1] = 0;
+    return rb_ensure(select_bang_i, (VALUE)&args, select_bang_ensure, (VALUE)&args);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.keep_if {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    array.keep_if -> new_enumeration
  *
- *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
+ *  Retains those elements for which the block returns a truthy value;
+ *  deletes all other elements; returns +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, :bam]
+ *    a.keep_if {|element| element.to_s.start_with?('b') } # => ["bar", :bam]
  *
- *     a = %w{ a b c d e f }
- *     a.keep_if {|v| v =~ /[aeiou]/}   #=> ["a", "e"]
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, :bam]
+ *    a.keep_if # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2, :bam]:keep_if>
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_keep_if(VALUE ary)
 {
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
+    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0, ary_enum_length);
     rb_ary_select_bang(ary);
     return ary;
 }
 
+static void
+ary_resize_smaller(VALUE ary, long len)
+{
+    rb_ary_modify(ary);
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) > len) {
+	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, len);
+	if (len * 2 < ARY_CAPA(ary) &&
+	    ARY_CAPA(ary) > ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE) {
+	    ary_resize_capa(ary, len * 2);
+	}
+    }
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.delete(obj)            -> obj or nil
- *     ary.delete(obj) { block }  -> obj or nil
- *
- *  Deletes items from +self+ that are equal to <i>obj</i>.
- *  If any items are found, returns <i>obj</i>.   If
- *  the item is not found, returns <code>nil</code>. If the optional
- *  code block is given, returns the result of <i>block</i> if the item
- *  is not found.  (To remove <code>nil</code> elements and
- *  get an informative return value, use #compact!)
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "b", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.delete("b")                   #=> "b"
- *     a                               #=> ["a", "c"]
- *     a.delete("z")                   #=> nil
- *     a.delete("z") { "not found" }   #=> "not found"
+ *    array.delete(obj) -> deleted_object
+ *    array.delete(obj) {|nosuch| ... } -> deleted_object or block_return
+ *
+ *  Removes zero or more elements from +self+; returns +self+.
+ *
+ *  When no block is given,
+ *  removes from +self+ each element +ele+ such that <tt>ele == obj</tt>;
+ *  returns the last deleted element:
+ *    s1 = 'bar'; s2 = 'bar'
+ *    a = [:foo, s1, 2, s2]
+ *    a.delete('bar') # => "bar"
+ *    a # => [:foo, 2]
+ *
+ *  Returns +nil+ if no elements removed.
+ *
+ *  When a block is given,
+ *  removes from +self+ each element +ele+ such that <tt>ele == obj</tt>.
+ *
+ *  If any such elements are found, ignores the block
+ *  and returns the last deleted element:
+ *    s1 = 'bar'; s2 = 'bar'
+ *    a = [:foo, s1, 2, s2]
+ *    deleted_obj = a.delete('bar') {|obj| fail 'Cannot happen' }
+ *    a # => [:foo, 2]
+ *
+ *  If no such elements are found, returns the block's return value:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.delete(:nosuch) {|obj| "#{obj} not found" } # => "nosuch not found"
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -2440,7 +3959,7 @@ rb_ary_delete(VALUE ary, VALUE item)
     long i1, i2;
 
     for (i1 = i2 = 0; i1 < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i1++) {
-	VALUE e = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i1];
+	VALUE e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i1);
 
 	if (rb_equal(e, item)) {
 	    v = e;
@@ -2458,16 +3977,33 @@ rb_ary_delete(VALUE ary, VALUE item)
 	return Qnil;
     }
 
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) > i2) {
-	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, i2);
-	if (i2 * 2 < ARY_CAPA(ary) &&
-	    ARY_CAPA(ary) > ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE) {
-	    ary_resize_capa(ary, i2*2);
+    ary_resize_smaller(ary, i2);
+
+    ary_verify(ary);
+    return v;
+}
+
+void
+rb_ary_delete_same(VALUE ary, VALUE item)
+{
+    long i1, i2;
+
+    for (i1 = i2 = 0; i1 < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i1++) {
+	VALUE e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i1);
+
+	if (e == item) {
+	    continue;
 	}
+	if (i1 != i2) {
+	    rb_ary_store(ary, i2, e);
+	}
+	i2++;
+    }
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == i2) {
+	return;
     }
 
-    return v;
+    ary_resize_smaller(ary, i2);
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -2483,26 +4019,34 @@ rb_ary_delete_at(VALUE ary, long pos)
     }
 
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    del = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[pos];
-    MEMMOVE(RARRAY_PTR(ary)+pos, RARRAY_PTR(ary)+pos+1, VALUE,
-	    RARRAY_LEN(ary)-pos-1);
+    del = RARRAY_AREF(ary, pos);
+    RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr, {
+        MEMMOVE(ptr+pos, ptr+pos+1, VALUE, len-pos-1);
+    });
     ARY_INCREASE_LEN(ary, -1);
-
+    ary_verify(ary);
     return del;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.delete_at(index)  -> obj or nil
+ *    array.delete_at(index) -> deleted_object or nil
+ *
+ *  Deletes an element from +self+, per the given \Integer +index+.
+ *
+ *  When +index+ is non-negative, deletes the element at offset +index+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.delete_at(1) # => "bar"
+ *    a # => [:foo, 2]
+ *
+ *  If index is too large, returns +nil+.
  *
- *  Deletes the element at the specified index, returning that element,
- *  or <code>nil</code> if the index is out of range. See also
- *  <code>Array#slice!</code>.
+ *  When +index+ is negative, counts backward from the end of the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.delete_at(-2) # => "bar"
+ *    a # => [:foo, 2]
  *
- *     a = %w( ant bat cat dog )
- *     a.delete_at(2)    #=> "cat"
- *     a                 #=> ["ant", "bat", "dog"]
- *     a.delete_at(99)   #=> nil
+ *  If +index+ is too small (far from zero), returns nil.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2511,64 +4055,118 @@ rb_ary_delete_at_m(VALUE ary, VALUE pos)
     return rb_ary_delete_at(ary, NUM2LONG(pos));
 }
 
+static VALUE
+ary_slice_bang_by_rb_ary_splice(VALUE ary, long pos, long len)
+{
+    const long orig_len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+
+    if (len < 0) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    else if (pos < -orig_len) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    else if (pos < 0) {
+        pos += orig_len;
+    }
+    else if (orig_len < pos) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    if (orig_len < pos + len) {
+        len = orig_len - pos;
+    }
+    if (len == 0) {
+        return rb_ary_new2(0);
+    }
+    else {
+        VALUE arg2 = rb_ary_new4(len, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary)+pos);
+        rb_ary_splice(ary, pos, len, 0, 0);
+        return arg2;
+    }
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.slice!(index)         -> obj or nil
- *     ary.slice!(start, length) -> new_ary or nil
- *     ary.slice!(range)         -> new_ary or nil
- *
- *  Deletes the element(s) given by an index (optionally with a length)
- *  or by a range. Returns the deleted object (or objects), or
- *  <code>nil</code> if the index is out of range.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.slice!(1)     #=> "b"
- *     a               #=> ["a", "c"]
- *     a.slice!(-1)    #=> "c"
- *     a               #=> ["a"]
- *     a.slice!(100)   #=> nil
- *     a               #=> ["a"]
+ *    array.slice!(n) -> object or nil
+ *    array.slice!(start, length) -> new_array or nil
+ *    array.slice!(range) -> new_array or nil
+ *
+ *  Removes and returns elements from +self+.
+ *
+ *  When the only argument is an \Integer +n+,
+ *  removes and returns the _nth_ element in +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.slice!(1) # => "bar"
+ *    a # => [:foo, 2]
+ *
+ *  If +n+ is negative, counts backwards from the end of +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.slice!(-1) # => 2
+ *    a # => [:foo, "bar"]
+ *
+ *  If +n+ is out of range, returns +nil+.
+ *
+ *  When the only arguments are Integers +start+ and +length+,
+ *  removes +length+ elements from +self+ beginning at offset  +start+;
+ *  returns the deleted objects in a new Array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.slice!(0, 2) # => [:foo, "bar"]
+ *    a # => [2]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>start + length</tt> exceeds the array size,
+ *  removes and returns all elements from offset +start+ to the end:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.slice!(1, 50) # => ["bar", 2]
+ *    a # => [:foo]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>start == a.size</tt> and +length+ is non-negative,
+ *  returns a new empty \Array.
+ *
+ *  If +length+ is negative, returns +nil+.
+ *
+ *  When the only argument is a \Range object +range+,
+ *  treats <tt>range.min</tt> as +start+ above and <tt>range.size</tt> as +length+ above:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *     a.slice!(1..2) # => ["bar", 2]
+ *    a # => [:foo]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.start == a.size</tt>, returns a new empty \Array.
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.start</tt> is larger than the array size, returns +nil+.
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.end</tt> is negative, counts backwards from the end of the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.slice!(0..-2) # => [:foo, "bar"]
+ *    a # => [2]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.start</tt> is negative,
+ *  calculates the start index backwards from the end of the array:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.slice!(-2..2) # => ["bar", 2]
+ *    a # => [:foo]
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_slice_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE arg1, arg2;
-    long pos, len, orig_len;
+    VALUE arg1;
+    long pos, len;
 
     rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2);
+    arg1 = argv[0];
+
     if (argc == 2) {
 	pos = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
 	len = NUM2LONG(argv[1]);
-      delete_pos_len:
-	if (len < 0) return Qnil;
-	orig_len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-	if (pos < 0) {
-	    pos += orig_len;
-	    if (pos < 0) return Qnil;
-	}
-	else if (orig_len < pos) return Qnil;
-	if (orig_len < pos + len) {
-	    len = orig_len - pos;
-	}
-	if (len == 0) return rb_ary_new2(0);
-	arg2 = rb_ary_new4(len, RARRAY_PTR(ary)+pos);
-	RBASIC(arg2)->klass = rb_obj_class(ary);
-	rb_ary_splice(ary, pos, len, Qundef);
-	return arg2;
+        return ary_slice_bang_by_rb_ary_splice(ary, pos, len);
     }
 
-    if (argc != 1) {
-	/* error report */
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", NULL, NULL);
-    }
-    arg1 = argv[0];
-
     if (!FIXNUM_P(arg1)) {
 	switch (rb_range_beg_len(arg1, &pos, &len, RARRAY_LEN(ary), 0)) {
 	  case Qtrue:
 	    /* valid range */
-	    goto delete_pos_len;
+            return ary_slice_bang_by_rb_ary_splice(ary, pos, len);
 	  case Qnil:
 	    /* invalid range */
 	    return Qnil;
@@ -2587,68 +4185,83 @@ ary_reject(VALUE orig, VALUE result)
     long i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(orig); i++) {
-	VALUE v = RARRAY_PTR(orig)[i];
-	if (!RTEST(rb_yield(v))) {
-	    rb_ary_push_1(result, v);
+	VALUE v = RARRAY_AREF(orig, i);
+
+        if (!RTEST(rb_yield(v))) {
+	    rb_ary_push(result, v);
 	}
     }
     return result;
 }
 
 static VALUE
-ary_reject_bang(VALUE ary)
+reject_bang_i(VALUE a)
 {
-    long i;
-    VALUE result = Qnil;
+    volatile struct select_bang_arg *arg = (void *)a;
+    VALUE ary = arg->ary;
+    long i1, i2;
 
-    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ) {
-	VALUE v = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i];
-	if (RTEST(rb_yield(v))) {
-	    rb_ary_delete_at(ary, i);
-	    result = ary;
-	}
-	else {
-	    i++;
+    for (i1 = i2 = 0; i1 < RARRAY_LEN(ary); arg->len[0] = ++i1) {
+	VALUE v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i1);
+	if (RTEST(rb_yield(v))) continue;
+	if (i1 != i2) {
+	    rb_ary_store(ary, i2, v);
 	}
+	arg->len[1] = ++i2;
     }
-    return result;
+    return (i1 == i2) ? Qnil : ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_reject_bang(VALUE ary)
+{
+    struct select_bang_arg args;
+    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+    args.ary = ary;
+    args.len[0] = args.len[1] = 0;
+    return rb_ensure(reject_bang_i, (VALUE)&args, select_bang_ensure, (VALUE)&args);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.reject! {|item| block }  -> ary or nil
- *     ary.reject!                  -> an_enumerator
+ *    array.reject! {|element| ... } -> self or nil
+ *    array.reject! -> new_enumerator
  *
- *  Equivalent to <code>Array#delete_if</code>, deleting elements from
- *  +self+ for which the block evaluates to true, but returns
- *  <code>nil</code> if no changes were made.
- *  The array is changed instantly every time the block is called and
- *  not after the iteration is over.
- *  See also <code>Enumerable#reject</code> and <code>Array#delete_if</code>.
+ *  Removes each element for which the block returns a truthy value.
  *
- *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
+ *  Returns +self+ if any elements removed:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bat']
+ *    a.reject! {|element| element.to_s.start_with?('b') } # => [:foo, 2]
  *
+ *  Returns +nil+ if no elements removed.
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.reject! # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:reject!>
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_reject_bang(VALUE ary)
 {
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
+    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0, ary_enum_length);
+    rb_ary_modify(ary);
     return ary_reject_bang(ary);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.reject {|item| block }  -> new_ary
- *     ary.reject                  -> an_enumerator
- *
- *  Returns a new array containing the items in +self+
- *  for which the block is not true.
- *  See also <code>Array#delete_if</code>
- *
- *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
- *
+ *    array.reject {|element| ... } -> new_array
+ *    array.reject -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array whose elements are all those from +self+
+ *  for which the block returns +false+ or +nil+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bat']
+ *    a1 = a.reject {|element| element.to_s.start_with?('b') }
+ *    a1 # => [:foo, 2]
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *     a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *     a.reject # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:reject>
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2656,7 +4269,7 @@ rb_ary_reject(VALUE ary)
 {
     VALUE rejected_ary;
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
+    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0, ary_enum_length);
     rejected_ary = rb_ary_new();
     ary_reject(ary, rejected_ary);
     return rejected_ary;
@@ -2664,33 +4277,34 @@ rb_ary_reject(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.delete_if {|item| block }  -> ary
- *     ary.delete_if                  -> an_enumerator
+ *    array.delete_if {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    array.delete_if -> Enumerator
  *
- *  Deletes every element of +self+ for which <i>block</i> evaluates
- *  to true.
- *  The array is changed instantly every time the block is called and
- *  not after the iteration is over.
- *  See also <code>Array#reject!</code>
+ *  Removes each element in +self+ for which the block returns a truthy value;
+ *  returns +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2, 'bat']
+ *    a.delete_if {|element| element.to_s.start_with?('b') } # => [:foo, 2]
  *
- *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.delete_if {|x| x >= "b" }   #=> ["a"]
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.delete_if # => #<Enumerator: [:foo, "bar", 2]:delete_if>
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_delete_if(VALUE ary)
 {
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
+    ary_verify(ary);
+    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0, ary_enum_length);
     ary_reject_bang(ary);
     return ary;
 }
 
 static VALUE
-take_i(VALUE val, VALUE *args, int argc, VALUE *argv)
+take_i(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(val, cbarg))
 {
-    if (args[1]-- == 0) rb_iter_break();
+    VALUE *args = (VALUE *)cbarg;
+    if (args[1] == 0) rb_iter_break();
+    else args[1]--;
     if (argc > 1) val = rb_ary_new4(argc, argv);
     rb_ary_push(args[0], val);
     return Qnil;
@@ -2705,73 +4319,128 @@ take_items(VALUE obj, long n)
     if (!NIL_P(result)) return rb_ary_subseq(result, 0, n);
     result = rb_ary_new2(n);
     args[0] = result; args[1] = (VALUE)n;
-    rb_block_call(obj, rb_intern("each"), 0, 0, take_i, (VALUE)args);
+    if (rb_check_block_call(obj, idEach, 0, 0, take_i, (VALUE)args) == Qundef)
+	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %"PRIsVALUE" (must respond to :each)",
+		 rb_obj_class(obj));
     return result;
 }
 
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.zip(arg, ...)                   -> new_ary
- *     ary.zip(arg, ...) {| arr | block }  -> nil
- *
- *  Converts any arguments to arrays, then merges elements of
- *  +self+ with corresponding elements from each argument. This
- *  generates a sequence of <code>self.size</code> <em>n</em>-element
- *  arrays, where <em>n</em> is one more that the count of arguments. If
- *  the size of any argument is less than <code>enumObj.size</code>,
- *  <code>nil</code> values are supplied. If a block is given, it is
- *  invoked for each output array, otherwise an array of arrays is
- *  returned.
- *
- *     a = [ 4, 5, 6 ]
- *     b = [ 7, 8, 9 ]
- *     [1,2,3].zip(a, b)      #=> [[1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8], [3, 6, 9]]
- *     [1,2].zip(a,b)         #=> [[1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8]]
- *     a.zip([1,2],[8])       #=> [[4,1,8], [5,2,nil], [6,nil,nil]]
+ *    array.zip(*other_arrays) -> new_array
+ *    array.zip(*other_arrays) {|other_array| ... } -> nil
+ *
+ *  When no block given, returns a new \Array +new_array+ of size <tt>self.size</tt>
+ *  whose elements are Arrays.
+ *
+ *  Each nested array <tt>new_array[n]</tt> is of size <tt>other_arrays.size+1</tt>,
+ *  and contains:
+ *  - The _nth_ element of +self+.
+ *  - The _nth_ element of each of the +other_arrays+.
+ *
+ *  If all +other_arrays+ and +self+ are the same size:
+ *    a = [:a0, :a1, :a2, :a3]
+ *    b = [:b0, :b1, :b2, :b3]
+ *    c = [:c0, :c1, :c2, :c3]
+ *    d = a.zip(b, c)
+ *    d # => [[:a0, :b0, :c0], [:a1, :b1, :c1], [:a2, :b2, :c2], [:a3, :b3, :c3]]
+ *
+ *  If any array in +other_arrays+ is smaller than +self+,
+ *  fills to <tt>self.size</tt> with +nil+:
+ *    a = [:a0, :a1, :a2, :a3]
+ *    b = [:b0, :b1, :b2]
+ *    c = [:c0, :c1]
+ *    d = a.zip(b, c)
+ *    d # => [[:a0, :b0, :c0], [:a1, :b1, :c1], [:a2, :b2, nil], [:a3, nil, nil]]
+ *
+ *  If any array in +other_arrays+ is larger than +self+,
+ *  its trailing elements are ignored:
+ *    a = [:a0, :a1, :a2, :a3]
+ *    b = [:b0, :b1, :b2, :b3, :b4]
+ *    c = [:c0, :c1, :c2, :c3, :c4, :c5]
+ *    d = a.zip(b, c)
+ *    d # => [[:a0, :b0, :c0], [:a1, :b1, :c1], [:a2, :b2, :c2], [:a3, :b3, :c3]]
+ *
+ *  When a block is given, calls the block with each of the sub-arrays (formed as above); returns nil
+ *    a = [:a0, :a1, :a2, :a3]
+ *    b = [:b0, :b1, :b2, :b3]
+ *    c = [:c0, :c1, :c2, :c3]
+ *    a.zip(b, c) {|sub_array| p sub_array} # => nil
+ *
+ *  Output:
+ *    [:a0, :b0, :c0]
+ *    [:a1, :b1, :c1]
+ *    [:a2, :b2, :c2]
+ *    [:a3, :b3, :c3]
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_zip(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
     int i, j;
-    long len;
+    long len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     VALUE result = Qnil;
 
-    len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     for (i=0; i<argc; i++) {
 	argv[i] = take_items(argv[i], len);
     }
-    if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
-	result = rb_ary_new2(len);
-    }
 
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	VALUE tmp = rb_ary_new2(argc+1);
+    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+	int arity = rb_block_arity();
 
-	rb_ary_push(tmp, rb_ary_elt(ary, i));
-	for (j=0; j<argc; j++) {
-	    rb_ary_push(tmp, rb_ary_elt(argv[j], i));
-	}
-	if (NIL_P(result)) {
-	    rb_yield(tmp);
+	if (arity > 1) {
+	    VALUE work, *tmp;
+
+	    tmp = ALLOCV_N(VALUE, work, argc+1);
+
+	    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+		tmp[0] = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+		for (j=0; j<argc; j++) {
+		    tmp[j+1] = rb_ary_elt(argv[j], i);
+		}
+		rb_yield_values2(argc+1, tmp);
+	    }
+
+	    if (work) ALLOCV_END(work);
 	}
 	else {
+	    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+		VALUE tmp = rb_ary_new2(argc+1);
+
+		rb_ary_push(tmp, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
+		for (j=0; j<argc; j++) {
+		    rb_ary_push(tmp, rb_ary_elt(argv[j], i));
+		}
+		rb_yield(tmp);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    else {
+	result = rb_ary_new_capa(len);
+
+	for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
+	    VALUE tmp = rb_ary_new_capa(argc+1);
+
+	    rb_ary_push(tmp, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
+	    for (j=0; j<argc; j++) {
+		rb_ary_push(tmp, rb_ary_elt(argv[j], i));
+	    }
 	    rb_ary_push(result, tmp);
 	}
     }
+
     return result;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.transpose -> new_ary
+ *    array.transpose -> new_array
  *
- *  Assumes that +self+ is an array of arrays and transposes the
- *  rows and columns.
- *
- *     a = [[1,2], [3,4], [5,6]]
- *     a.transpose   #=> [[1, 3, 5], [2, 4, 6]]
+ *  Transposes the rows and columns in an \Array of Arrays;
+ *  the nested Arrays must all be the same size:
+ *    a = [[:a0, :a1], [:b0, :b1], [:c0, :c1]]
+ *    a.transpose # => [[:a0, :b0, :c0], [:a1, :b1, :c1]]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2804,14 +4473,11 @@ rb_ary_transpose(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.replace(other_ary)  -> ary
- *
- *  Replaces the contents of +self+ with the contents of
- *  <i>other_ary</i>, truncating or expanding if necessary.
+ *    array.replace(other_array) -> self
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
- *     a.replace([ "x", "y", "z" ])   #=> ["x", "y", "z"]
- *     a                              #=> ["x", "y", "z"]
+ *  Replaces the content of +self+ with the content of +other_array+; returns +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.replace(['foo', :bar, 3]) # => ["foo", :bar, 3]
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -2822,102 +4488,245 @@ rb_ary_replace(VALUE copy, VALUE orig)
     if (copy == orig) return copy;
 
     if (RARRAY_LEN(orig) <= RARRAY_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
-        VALUE *ptr;
-        VALUE shared = 0;
+        VALUE shared_root = 0;
 
         if (ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(copy)) {
-            xfree(RARRAY_PTR(copy));
-        }
+            ary_heap_free(copy);
+	}
         else if (ARY_SHARED_P(copy)) {
-            shared = ARY_SHARED(copy);
+            shared_root = ARY_SHARED_ROOT(copy);
             FL_UNSET_SHARED(copy);
         }
         FL_SET_EMBED(copy);
-        ptr = RARRAY_PTR(orig);
-        MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(copy), ptr, VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(orig));
-        if (shared) {
-            rb_ary_decrement_share(shared);
+        ary_memcpy(copy, 0, RARRAY_LEN(orig), RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(orig));
+        if (shared_root) {
+            rb_ary_decrement_share(shared_root);
         }
         ARY_SET_LEN(copy, RARRAY_LEN(orig));
     }
     else {
-        VALUE shared = ary_make_shared(orig);
+        VALUE shared_root = ary_make_shared(orig);
         if (ARY_OWNS_HEAP_P(copy)) {
-            xfree(RARRAY_PTR(copy));
+            ary_heap_free(copy);
         }
         else {
             rb_ary_unshare_safe(copy);
         }
         FL_UNSET_EMBED(copy);
-        ARY_SET_PTR(copy, RARRAY_PTR(orig));
-        ARY_SET_LEN(copy, RARRAY_LEN(orig));
-        rb_ary_set_shared(copy, shared);
+        ARY_SET_PTR(copy, ARY_HEAP_PTR(orig));
+        ARY_SET_LEN(copy, ARY_HEAP_LEN(orig));
+        rb_ary_set_shared(copy, shared_root);
     }
+    ary_verify(copy);
     return copy;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.clear    -> ary
- *
- *  Removes all elements from +self+.
+ *     array.clear -> self
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
- *     a.clear    #=> [ ]
+ *  Removes all elements from +self+:
+ *    a = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a.clear # => []
  */
 
 VALUE
 rb_ary_clear(VALUE ary)
 {
     rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, 0);
     if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary)) {
 	if (!ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) {
 	    rb_ary_unshare(ary);
 	    FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
+            ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(ary, 0);
 	}
     }
-    else if (ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE * 2 < ARY_CAPA(ary)) {
-	ary_resize_capa(ary, ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE * 2);
+    else {
+        ARY_SET_LEN(ary, 0);
+        if (ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE * 2 < ARY_CAPA(ary)) {
+            ary_resize_capa(ary, ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE * 2);
+        }
     }
+    ary_verify(ary);
     return ary;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.fill(obj)                                -> ary
- *     ary.fill(obj, start [, length])              -> ary
- *     ary.fill(obj, range )                        -> ary
- *     ary.fill {|index| block }                    -> ary
- *     ary.fill(start [, length] ) {|index| block } -> ary
- *     ary.fill(range) {|index| block }             -> ary
- *
- *  The first three forms set the selected elements of +self+ (which
- *  may be the entire array) to <i>obj</i>. A <i>start</i> of
- *  <code>nil</code> is equivalent to zero. A <i>length</i> of
- *  <code>nil</code> is equivalent to <i>self.length</i>. The last three
- *  forms fill the array with the value of the block. The block is
- *  passed the absolute index of each element to be filled.
- *  Negative values of <i>start</i> count from the end of the array.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.fill("x")              #=> ["x", "x", "x", "x"]
- *     a.fill("z", 2, 2)        #=> ["x", "x", "z", "z"]
- *     a.fill("y", 0..1)        #=> ["y", "y", "z", "z"]
- *     a.fill {|i| i*i}         #=> [0, 1, 4, 9]
- *     a.fill(-2) {|i| i*i*i}   #=> [0, 1, 8, 27]
+ *    array.fill(obj) -> self
+ *    array.fill(obj, start) -> self
+ *    array.fill(obj, start, length) -> self
+ *    array.fill(obj, range) -> self
+ *    array.fill {|index| ... } -> self
+ *    array.fill(start) {|index| ... } -> self
+ *    array.fill(start, length) {|index| ... } -> self
+ *    array.fill(range) {|index| ... } -> self
+ *
+ *  Replaces specified elements in +self+ with specified objects; returns +self+.
+ *
+ *  With argument +obj+ and no block given, replaces all elements with that one object:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *    a.fill(:X) # => [:X, :X, :X, :X]
+ *
+ *  With arguments +obj+ and \Integer +start+, and no block given,
+ *  replaces elements based on the given start.
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is in range (<tt>0 <= start < array.size</tt>),
+ *  replaces all elements from offset +start+ through the end:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, 2) # => ["a", "b", :X, :X]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is too large (<tt>start >= array.size</tt>), does nothing:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, 4) # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, 5) # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is negative, counts from the end (starting index is <tt>start + array.size</tt>):
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, -2) # => ["a", "b", :X, :X]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is too small (less than and far from zero), replaces all elements:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, -6) # => [:X, :X, :X, :X]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, -50) # => [:X, :X, :X, :X]
+ *
+ *  With arguments +obj+, \Integer +start+, and \Integer +length+, and no block given,
+ *  replaces elements based on the given +start+ and +length+.
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is in range, replaces +length+ elements beginning at offset +start+:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, 1, 1) # => ["a", :X, "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is negative, counts from the end:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, -2, 1) # => ["a", "b", :X, "d"]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is large (<tt>start >= array.size</tt>), extends +self+ with +nil+:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, 5, 0) # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", nil]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, 5, 2) # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", nil, :X, :X]
+ *
+ *  If +length+ is zero or negative, replaces no elements:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, 1, 0) # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *    a.fill(:X, 1, -1) # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  With arguments +obj+ and \Range +range+, and no block given,
+ *  replaces elements based on the given range.
+ *
+ *  If the range is positive and ascending (<tt>0 < range.begin <= range.end</tt>),
+ *  replaces elements from <tt>range.begin</tt> to <tt>range.end</tt>:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, (1..1)) # => ["a", :X, "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.first</tt> is negative, replaces no elements:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, (-1..1)) # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.last</tt> is negative, counts from the end:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, (0..-2)) # => [:X, :X, :X, "d"]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, (1..-2)) # => ["a", :X, :X, "d"]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.last</tt> and <tt>range.last</tt> are both negative,
+ *  both count from the end of the array:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, (-1..-1)) # => ["a", "b", "c", :X]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(:X, (-2..-2)) # => ["a", "b", :X, "d"]
+ *
+ *  With no arguments and a block given, calls the block with each index;
+ *  replaces the corresponding element with the block's return value:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["new_0", "new_1", "new_2", "new_3"]
+ *
+ *  With argument +start+ and a block given, calls the block with each index
+ *  from offset +start+ to the end; replaces the corresponding element
+ *  with the block's return value:
+ *
+ *  If start is in range (<tt>0 <= start < array.size</tt>),
+ *  replaces from offset +start+ to the end:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(1) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "new_1", "new_2", "new_3"]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is too large(<tt>start >= array.size</tt>), does nothing:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(4) { |index| fail 'Cannot happen' } # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(4) { |index| fail 'Cannot happen' } # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is negative, counts from the end:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(-2) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "b", "new_2", "new_3"]
+ *
+ *  If start is too small (<tt>start <= -array.size</tt>, replaces all elements:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(-6) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["new_0", "new_1", "new_2", "new_3"]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(-50) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["new_0", "new_1", "new_2", "new_3"]
+ *
+ *  With arguments +start+ and +length+, and a block given,
+ *  calls the block for each index specified by start length;
+ *  replaces the corresponding element with the block's return value.
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is in range, replaces +length+ elements beginning at offset +start+:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(1, 1) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "new_1", "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If start is negative, counts from the end:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(-2, 1) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "b", "new_2", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If +start+ is large (<tt>start >= array.size</tt>), extends +self+ with +nil+:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(5, 0) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", nil]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(5, 2) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", nil, "new_5", "new_6"]
+ *
+ *  If +length+ is zero or less, replaces no elements:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(1, 0) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *    a.fill(1, -1) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  With arguments +obj+ and +range+, and a block given,
+ *  calls the block with each index in the given range;
+ *  replaces the corresponding element with the block's return value.
+ *
+ *  If the range is positive and ascending (<tt>range 0 < range.begin <= range.end</tt>,
+ *  replaces elements from <tt>range.begin</tt> to <tt>range.end</tt>:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(1..1) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "new_1", "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If +range.first+ is negative, does nothing:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(-1..1) { |index| fail 'Cannot happen' } # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.last</tt> is negative, counts from the end:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(0..-2) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["new_0", "new_1", "new_2", "d"]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(1..-2) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "new_1", "new_2", "d"]
+ *
+ *  If <tt>range.first</tt> and <tt>range.last</tt> are both negative,
+ *  both count from the end:
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(-1..-1) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "b", "c", "new_3"]
+ *    a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+ *    a.fill(-2..-2) { |index| "new_#{index}" } # => ["a", "b", "new_2", "d"]
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_fill(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE item, arg1, arg2;
+    VALUE item = Qundef, arg1, arg2;
     long beg = 0, end = 0, len = 0;
-    VALUE *p, *pend;
-    int block_p = FALSE;
 
     if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	block_p = TRUE;
 	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &arg1, &arg2);
 	argc += 1;		/* hackish */
     }
@@ -2955,96 +4764,123 @@ rb_ary_fill(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 	if (end >= ARY_CAPA(ary)) {
 	    ary_resize_capa(ary, end);
 	}
-	rb_mem_clear(RARRAY_PTR(ary) + RARRAY_LEN(ary), end - RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+	ary_mem_clear(ary, RARRAY_LEN(ary), end - RARRAY_LEN(ary));
 	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, end);
     }
 
-    if (block_p) {
+    if (item == Qundef) {
 	VALUE v;
 	long i;
 
 	for (i=beg; i<end; i++) {
 	    v = rb_yield(LONG2NUM(i));
 	    if (i>=RARRAY_LEN(ary)) break;
-	    RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i] = v;
+	    ARY_SET(ary, i, v);
 	}
     }
     else {
-	p = RARRAY_PTR(ary) + beg;
-	pend = p + len;
-	while (p < pend) {
-	    *p++ = item;
-	}
+	ary_memfill(ary, beg, len, item);
     }
     return ary;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary + other_ary   -> new_ary
+ *    array + other_array -> new_array
  *
- *  Concatenation---Returns a new array built by concatenating the
- *  two arrays together to produce a third array.
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing all elements of +array+
+ *  followed by all elements of +other_array+:
+ *    a = [0, 1] + [2, 3]
+ *    a # => [0, 1, 2, 3]
  *
- *     [ 1, 2, 3 ] + [ 4, 5 ]    #=> [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
+ *  Related: #concat.
  */
 
 VALUE
 rb_ary_plus(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     VALUE z;
-    long len;
+    long len, xlen, ylen;
 
     y = to_ary(y);
-    len = RARRAY_LEN(x) + RARRAY_LEN(y);
+    xlen = RARRAY_LEN(x);
+    ylen = RARRAY_LEN(y);
+    len = xlen + ylen;
     z = rb_ary_new2(len);
-    MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(z), RARRAY_PTR(x), VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(x));
-    MEMCPY(RARRAY_PTR(z) + RARRAY_LEN(x), RARRAY_PTR(y), VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(y));
+
+    ary_memcpy(z, 0, xlen, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(x));
+    ary_memcpy(z, xlen, ylen, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(y));
     ARY_SET_LEN(z, len);
     return z;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+ary_append(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    long n = RARRAY_LEN(y);
+    if (n > 0) {
+        rb_ary_splice(x, RARRAY_LEN(x), 0, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(y), n);
+    }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(y);
+    return x;
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.concat(other_ary)   -> ary
- *
- *  Appends the elements of <i>other_ary</i> to +self+.
+ *    array.concat(*other_arrays) -> self
  *
- *     [ "a", "b" ].concat( ["c", "d"] ) #=> [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
+ *  Adds to +array+ all elements from each \Array in +other_arrays+; returns +self+:
+ *    a = [0, 1]
+ *    a.concat([2, 3], [4, 5]) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
  */
 
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_concat_multi(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+
+    if (argc == 1) {
+	rb_ary_concat(ary, argv[0]);
+    }
+    else if (argc > 1) {
+	int i;
+	VALUE args = rb_ary_tmp_new(argc);
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+	    rb_ary_concat(args, argv[i]);
+	}
+	ary_append(ary, args);
+    }
+
+    ary_verify(ary);
+    return ary;
+}
 
 VALUE
 rb_ary_concat(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    rb_ary_modify_check(x);
-    y = to_ary(y);
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(y) > 0) {
-	rb_ary_splice(x, RARRAY_LEN(x), 0, y);
-    }
-    return x;
+    return ary_append(x, to_ary(y));
 }
 
-
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary * int     -> new_ary
- *     ary * str     -> new_string
+ *    array * n -> new_array
+ *    array * string_separator -> new_string
  *
- *  Repetition---With a String argument, equivalent to
- *  self.join(str). Otherwise, returns a new array
- *  built by concatenating the _int_ copies of +self+.
- *
- *
- *     [ 1, 2, 3 ] * 3    #=> [ 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3 ]
- *     [ 1, 2, 3 ] * ","  #=> "1,2,3"
+ *  When non-negative argument \Integer +n+ is given,
+ *  returns a new \Array built by concatenating the +n+ copies of +self+:
+ *    a = ['x', 'y']
+ *    a * 3 # => ["x", "y", "x", "y", "x", "y"]
  *
+ *  When \String argument +string_separator+ is given,
+ *  equivalent to <tt>array.join(string_separator)</tt>:
+ *    [0, [0, 1], {foo: 0}] * ', ' # => "0, 0, 1, {:foo=>0}"
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_times(VALUE ary, VALUE times)
 {
-    VALUE ary2, tmp, *ptr, *ptr2;
+    VALUE ary2, tmp;
+    const VALUE *ptr;
     long t, len;
 
     tmp = rb_check_string_type(times);
@@ -3054,7 +4890,7 @@ rb_ary_times(VALUE ary, VALUE times)
 
     len = NUM2LONG(times);
     if (len == 0) {
-	ary2 = ary_new(rb_obj_class(ary), 0);
+        ary2 = ary_new(rb_cArray, 0);
 	goto out;
     }
     if (len < 0) {
@@ -3065,46 +4901,37 @@ rb_ary_times(VALUE ary, VALUE times)
     }
     len *= RARRAY_LEN(ary);
 
-    ary2 = ary_new(rb_obj_class(ary), len);
+    ary2 = ary_new(rb_cArray, len);
     ARY_SET_LEN(ary2, len);
 
-    ptr = RARRAY_PTR(ary);
-    ptr2 = RARRAY_PTR(ary2);
+    ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
     t = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     if (0 < t) {
-        MEMCPY(ptr2, ptr, VALUE, t);
-        while (t <= len/2) {
-            MEMCPY(ptr2+t, ptr2, VALUE, t);
+	ary_memcpy(ary2, 0, t, ptr);
+	while (t <= len/2) {
+            ary_memcpy(ary2, t, t, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary2));
             t *= 2;
         }
         if (t < len) {
-            MEMCPY(ptr2+t, ptr2, VALUE, len-t);
+            ary_memcpy(ary2, t, len-t, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary2));
         }
     }
   out:
-    OBJ_INFECT(ary2, ary);
-
     return ary2;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.assoc(obj)   -> new_ary  or  nil
- *
- *  Searches through an array whose elements are also arrays
- *  comparing _obj_ with the first element of each contained array
- *  using obj.==.
- *  Returns the first contained array that matches (that
- *  is, the first associated array),
- *  or +nil+ if no match is found.
- *  See also <code>Array#rassoc</code>.
- *
- *     s1 = [ "colors", "red", "blue", "green" ]
- *     s2 = [ "letters", "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     s3 = "foo"
- *     a  = [ s1, s2, s3 ]
- *     a.assoc("letters")  #=> [ "letters", "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.assoc("foo")      #=> nil
+ *    array.assoc(obj) -> found_array or nil
+ *
+ *  Returns the first element in +self+ that is an \Array
+ *  whose first element <tt>==</tt> +obj+:
+ *    a = [{foo: 0}, [2, 4], [4, 5, 6], [4, 5]]
+ *    a.assoc(4) # => [4, 5, 6]
+ *
+ *  Returns +nil+ if no such element is found.
+ *
+ *  Related: #rassoc.
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -3114,9 +4941,9 @@ rb_ary_assoc(VALUE ary, VALUE key)
     VALUE v;
 
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
-	v = rb_check_array_type(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]);
+	v = rb_check_array_type(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
 	if (!NIL_P(v) && RARRAY_LEN(v) > 0 &&
-	    rb_equal(RARRAY_PTR(v)[0], key))
+	    rb_equal(RARRAY_AREF(v, 0), key))
 	    return v;
     }
     return Qnil;
@@ -3124,16 +4951,16 @@ rb_ary_assoc(VALUE ary, VALUE key)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.rassoc(obj) -> new_ary or nil
+ *    array.rassoc(obj) -> found_array or nil
  *
- *  Searches through the array whose elements are also arrays. Compares
- *  _obj_ with the second element of each contained array using
- *  <code>==</code>. Returns the first contained array that matches. See
- *  also <code>Array#assoc</code>.
+ *  Returns the first element in +self+ that is an \Array
+ *  whose second element <tt>==</tt> +obj+:
+ *    a = [{foo: 0}, [2, 4], [4, 5, 6], [4, 5]]
+ *    a.rassoc(4) # => [2, 4]
  *
- *     a = [ [ 1, "one"], [2, "two"], [3, "three"], ["ii", "two"] ]
- *     a.rassoc("two")    #=> [2, "two"]
- *     a.rassoc("four")   #=> nil
+ *  Returns +nil+ if no such element is found.
+ *
+ *  Related: #assoc.
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -3143,10 +4970,10 @@ rb_ary_rassoc(VALUE ary, VALUE value)
     VALUE v;
 
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
-	v = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i];
-	if (TYPE(v) == T_ARRAY &&
+	v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+	if (RB_TYPE_P(v, T_ARRAY) &&
 	    RARRAY_LEN(v) > 1 &&
-	    rb_equal(RARRAY_PTR(v)[1], value))
+	    rb_equal(RARRAY_AREF(v, 1), value))
 	    return v;
     }
     return Qnil;
@@ -3155,41 +4982,66 @@ rb_ary_rassoc(VALUE ary, VALUE value)
 static VALUE
 recursive_equal(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2, int recur)
 {
-    long i;
+    long i, len1;
+    const VALUE *p1, *p2;
 
     if (recur) return Qtrue; /* Subtle! */
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary1); i++) {
-	if (!rb_equal(rb_ary_elt(ary1, i), rb_ary_elt(ary2, i)))
-	    return Qfalse;
+
+    /* rb_equal() can evacuate ptrs */
+    p1 = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary1);
+    p2 = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary2);
+    len1 = RARRAY_LEN(ary1);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < len1; i++) {
+	if (*p1 != *p2) {
+	    if (rb_equal(*p1, *p2)) {
+		len1 = RARRAY_LEN(ary1);
+		if (len1 != RARRAY_LEN(ary2))
+		    return Qfalse;
+		if (len1 < i)
+		    return Qtrue;
+                p1 = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary1) + i;
+                p2 = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(ary2) + i;
+	    }
+	    else {
+		return Qfalse;
+	    }
+	}
+	p1++;
+	p2++;
     }
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary == other_ary   ->   bool
+ *    array == other_array -> true or false
  *
- *  Equality---Two arrays are equal if they contain the same number
- *  of elements and if each element is equal to (according to
- *  Object.==) the corresponding element in the other array.
+ *  Returns +true+ if both <tt>array.size == other_array.size</tt>
+ *  and for each index +i+ in +array+, <tt>array[i] == other_array[i]</tt>:
+ *    a0 = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = [:foo, 'bar', 2.0]
+ *    a1 == a0 # => true
+ *    [] == [] # => true
  *
- *     [ "a", "c" ]    == [ "a", "c", 7 ]     #=> false
- *     [ "a", "c", 7 ] == [ "a", "c", 7 ]     #=> true
- *     [ "a", "c", 7 ] == [ "a", "d", "f" ]   #=> false
+ *  Otherwise, returns +false+.
  *
+ *  This method is different from method Array#eql?,
+ *  which compares elements using <tt>Object#eql?</tt>.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_equal(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
 {
     if (ary1 == ary2) return Qtrue;
-    if (TYPE(ary2) != T_ARRAY) {
-	if (!rb_respond_to(ary2, rb_intern("to_ary"))) {
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(ary2, T_ARRAY)) {
+	if (!rb_respond_to(ary2, idTo_ary)) {
 	    return Qfalse;
 	}
 	return rb_equal(ary2, ary1);
     }
     if (RARRAY_LEN(ary1) != RARRAY_LEN(ary2)) return Qfalse;
+    if (RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary1) == RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary2)) return Qtrue;
     return rb_exec_recursive_paired(recursive_equal, ary1, ary2, ary2);
 }
 
@@ -3208,82 +5060,97 @@ recursive_eql(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2, int recur)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.eql?(other)  -> true or false
+ *    array.eql? other_array -> true or false
+ *
+ *  Returns +true+ if +self+ and +other_array+ are the same size,
+ *  and if, for each index +i+ in +self+, <tt>self[i].eql? other_array[i]</tt>:
+ *    a0 = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1 = [:foo, 'bar', 2]
+ *    a1.eql?(a0) # => true
  *
- *  Returns <code>true</code> if +self+ and _other_ are the same object,
- *  or are both arrays with the same content.
+ *  Otherwise, returns +false+.
+ *
+ *  This method is different from method {Array#==}[#method-i-3D-3D],
+ *  which compares using method <tt>Object#==</tt>.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_eql(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
 {
     if (ary1 == ary2) return Qtrue;
-    if (TYPE(ary2) != T_ARRAY) return Qfalse;
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(ary2, T_ARRAY)) return Qfalse;
     if (RARRAY_LEN(ary1) != RARRAY_LEN(ary2)) return Qfalse;
+    if (RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary1) == RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary2)) return Qtrue;
     return rb_exec_recursive_paired(recursive_eql, ary1, ary2, ary2);
 }
 
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.hash -> integer
+ *
+ *  Returns the integer hash value for +self+.
+ *
+ *  Two arrays with the same content will have the same hash code (and will compare using eql?):
+ *    [0, 1, 2].hash == [0, 1, 2].hash # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].hash == [0, 1, 3].hash # => false
+ */
+
 static VALUE
-recursive_hash(VALUE ary, VALUE dummy, int recur)
+rb_ary_hash(VALUE ary)
 {
     long i;
     st_index_t h;
     VALUE n;
 
     h = rb_hash_start(RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-    if (recur) {
-	h = rb_hash_uint(h, NUM2LONG(rb_hash(rb_cArray)));
-    }
-    else {
-	for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	    n = rb_hash(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]);
-	    h = rb_hash_uint(h, NUM2LONG(n));
-	}
+    h = rb_hash_uint(h, (st_index_t)rb_ary_hash);
+    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+	n = rb_hash(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
+	h = rb_hash_uint(h, NUM2LONG(n));
     }
     h = rb_hash_end(h);
-    return LONG2FIX(h);
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.hash   -> fixnum
- *
- *  Compute a hash-code for this array. Two arrays with the same content
- *  will have the same hash code (and will compare using <code>eql?</code>).
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_hash(VALUE ary)
-{
-    return rb_exec_recursive_outer(recursive_hash, ary, 0);
+    return ST2FIX(h);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.include?(obj)   -> true or false
- *
- *  Returns <code>true</code> if the given object is present in
- *  +self+ (that is, if any object <code>==</code> <i>anObject</i>),
- *  <code>false</code> otherwise.
+ *    array.include?(obj) -> true or false
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.include?("b")   #=> true
- *     a.include?("z")   #=> false
+ *  Returns +true+ if for some index +i+ in +self+, <tt>obj == self[i]</tt>;
+ *  otherwise +false+:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].include?(2) # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].include?(3) # => false
  */
 
 VALUE
 rb_ary_includes(VALUE ary, VALUE item)
 {
     long i;
+    VALUE e;
 
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	if (rb_equal(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i], item)) {
+	e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+	if (rb_equal(e, item)) {
 	    return Qtrue;
 	}
     }
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_includes_by_eql(VALUE ary, VALUE item)
+{
+    long i;
+    VALUE e;
+
+    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+	e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+	if (rb_eql(item, e)) {
+	    return Qtrue;
+	}
+    }
+    return Qfalse;
+}
 
 static VALUE
 recursive_cmp(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2, int recur)
@@ -3296,7 +5163,8 @@ recursive_cmp(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2, int recur)
 	len = RARRAY_LEN(ary2);
     }
     for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
-	VALUE v = rb_funcall(rb_ary_elt(ary1, i), id_cmp, 1, rb_ary_elt(ary2, i));
+	VALUE e1 = rb_ary_elt(ary1, i), e2 = rb_ary_elt(ary2, i);
+	VALUE v = rb_funcallv(e1, id_cmp, 1, &e2);
 	if (v != INT2FIX(0)) {
 	    return v;
 	}
@@ -3306,22 +5174,24 @@ recursive_cmp(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2, int recur)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary <=> other_ary   ->  -1, 0, +1 or nil
- *
- *  Comparison---Returns an integer (-1, 0,
- *  or +1) if this array is less than, equal to, or greater than
- *  <i>other_ary</i>.  Each object in each array is compared
- *  (using <=>). If any value isn't
- *  equal, then that inequality is the return value. If all the
- *  values found are equal, then the return is based on a
- *  comparison of the array lengths.  Thus, two arrays are
- *  ``equal'' according to <code>Array#<=></code> if and only if they have
- *  the same length and the value of each element is equal to the
- *  value of the corresponding element in the other array.
- *
- *     [ "a", "a", "c" ]    <=> [ "a", "b", "c" ]   #=> -1
- *     [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ] <=> [ 1, 2 ]            #=> +1
+ *    array <=> other_array -> -1, 0, or 1
+ *
+ *  Returns -1, 0, or 1 as +self+ is less than, equal to, or greater than +other_array+.
+ *  For each index +i+ in +self+, evaluates <tt>result = self[i] <=> other_array[i]</tt>.
  *
+ *  Returns -1 if any result is -1:
+ *    [0, 1, 2] <=> [0, 1, 3] # => -1
+ *
+ *  Returns 1 if any result is 1:
+ *    [0, 1, 2] <=> [0, 1, 1] # => 1
+ *
+ *  When all results are zero:
+ *  - Returns -1 if +array+ is smaller than +other_array+:
+ *      [0, 1, 2] <=> [0, 1, 2, 3] # => -1
+ *  - Returns 1 if +array+ is larger than +other_array+:
+ *      [0, 1, 2] <=> [0, 1] # => 1
+ *  - Returns 0 if +array+ and +other_array+ are the same size:
+ *      [0, 1, 2] <=> [0, 1, 2] # => 0
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -3347,24 +5217,26 @@ ary_add_hash(VALUE hash, VALUE ary)
     long i;
 
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	rb_hash_aset(hash, RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i], Qtrue);
+	VALUE elt = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+	rb_hash_add_new_element(hash, elt, elt);
     }
     return hash;
 }
 
 static inline VALUE
-ary_tmp_hash_new(void)
+ary_tmp_hash_new(VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE hash = rb_hash_new();
+    long size = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    VALUE hash = rb_hash_new_with_size(size);
 
-    RBASIC(hash)->klass = 0;
+    RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(hash);
     return hash;
 }
 
 static VALUE
 ary_make_hash(VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE hash = ary_tmp_hash_new();
+    VALUE hash = ary_tmp_hash_new(ary);
     return ary_add_hash(hash, ary);
 }
 
@@ -3375,9 +5247,7 @@ ary_add_hash_by(VALUE hash, VALUE ary)
 
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
 	VALUE v = rb_ary_elt(ary, i), k = rb_yield(v);
-	if (rb_hash_lookup2(hash, k, Qundef) == Qundef) {
-	    rb_hash_aset(hash, k, v);
-	}
+	rb_hash_add_new_element(hash, k, v);
     }
     return hash;
 }
@@ -3385,44 +5255,58 @@ ary_add_hash_by(VALUE hash, VALUE ary)
 static VALUE
 ary_make_hash_by(VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE hash = ary_tmp_hash_new();
+    VALUE hash = ary_tmp_hash_new(ary);
     return ary_add_hash_by(hash, ary);
 }
 
 static inline void
 ary_recycle_hash(VALUE hash)
 {
-    if (RHASH(hash)->ntbl) {
-	st_table *tbl = RHASH(hash)->ntbl;
-	RHASH(hash)->ntbl = 0;
+    assert(RBASIC_CLASS(hash) == 0);
+    if (RHASH_ST_TABLE_P(hash)) {
+        st_table *tbl = RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash);
 	st_free_table(tbl);
+        RHASH_ST_CLEAR(hash);
     }
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary - other_ary    -> new_ary
+ *    array - other_array -> new_array
  *
- *  Array Difference---Returns a new array that is a copy of
- *  the original array, removing any items that also appear in
- *  <i>other_ary</i>. (If you need set-like behavior, see the
- *  library class Set.)
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing only those elements from +array+
+ *  that are not found in \Array +other_array+;
+ *  items are compared using <tt>eql?</tt>;
+ *  the order from +array+ is preserved:
+ *    [0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1] - [1] # => [0, 2, 3]
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3] - [3, 0] # => [1, 2]
+ *    [0, 1, 2] - [4] # => [0, 1, 2]
  *
- *     [ 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5 ] - [ 1, 2, 4 ]  #=>  [ 3, 3, 5 ]
+ *  Related: Array#difference.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_diff(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
 {
     VALUE ary3;
-    volatile VALUE hash;
+    VALUE hash;
     long i;
 
-    hash = ary_make_hash(to_ary(ary2));
+    ary2 = to_ary(ary2);
     ary3 = rb_ary_new();
 
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary1) <= SMALL_ARRAY_LEN || RARRAY_LEN(ary2) <= SMALL_ARRAY_LEN) {
+	for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary1); i++) {
+	    VALUE elt = rb_ary_elt(ary1, i);
+	    if (rb_ary_includes_by_eql(ary2, elt)) continue;
+	    rb_ary_push(ary3, elt);
+	}
+	return ary3;
+    }
+
+    hash = ary_make_hash(ary2);
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary1); i++) {
-	if (st_lookup(RHASH_TBL(hash), RARRAY_PTR(ary1)[i], 0)) continue;
+        if (rb_hash_stlike_lookup(hash, RARRAY_AREF(ary1, i), NULL)) continue;
 	rb_ary_push(ary3, rb_ary_elt(ary1, i));
     }
     ary_recycle_hash(hash);
@@ -3431,12 +5315,70 @@ rb_ary_diff(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary & other_ary      -> new_ary
+ *    array.difference(*other_arrays) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing only those elements from +self+
+ *  that are not found in any of the Arrays +other_arrays+;
+ *  items are compared using <tt>eql?</tt>;  order from +self+ is preserved:
+ *    [0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1].difference([1]) # => [0, 2, 3]
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].difference([3, 0], [1, 3]) # => [2]
+ *    [0, 1, 2].difference([4]) # => [0, 1, 2]
+ *
+ *  Returns a copy of +self+ if no arguments given.
+ *
+ *  Related: Array#-.
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_difference_multi(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    VALUE ary_diff;
+    long i, length;
+    volatile VALUE t0;
+    bool *is_hash = ALLOCV_N(bool, t0, argc);
+    ary_diff = rb_ary_new();
+    length = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+        argv[i] = to_ary(argv[i]);
+        is_hash[i] = (length > SMALL_ARRAY_LEN && RARRAY_LEN(argv[i]) > SMALL_ARRAY_LEN);
+        if (is_hash[i]) argv[i] = ary_make_hash(argv[i]);
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+        int j;
+        VALUE elt = rb_ary_elt(ary, i);
+        for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
+            if (is_hash[j]) {
+                if (rb_hash_stlike_lookup(argv[j], RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), NULL))
+                    break;
+            }
+            else {
+                if (rb_ary_includes_by_eql(argv[j], elt)) break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (j == argc) rb_ary_push(ary_diff, elt);
+    }
+
+    ALLOCV_END(t0);
+
+    return ary_diff;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array & other_array -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing each element found in both +array+ and \Array +other_array+;
+ *  duplicates are omitted; items are compared using <tt>eql?</tt>:
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3] & [1, 2] # => [1, 2]
+ *    [0, 1, 0, 1] & [0, 1] # => [0, 1]
  *
- *  Set Intersection---Returns a new array
- *  containing elements common to the two arrays, with no duplicates.
+ *  Preserves order from +array+:
+ *    [0, 1, 2] & [3, 2, 1, 0] # => [0, 1, 2]
  *
- *     [ 1, 1, 3, 5 ] & [ 1, 2, 3 ]   #=> [ 1, 3 ]
+ *  Related: Array#intersection.
  */
 
 
@@ -3448,16 +5390,25 @@ rb_ary_and(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
     long i;
 
     ary2 = to_ary(ary2);
-    ary3 = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_LEN(ary1) < RARRAY_LEN(ary2) ?
-	    RARRAY_LEN(ary1) : RARRAY_LEN(ary2));
-    hash = ary_make_hash(ary2);
+    ary3 = rb_ary_new();
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary1) == 0 || RARRAY_LEN(ary2) == 0) return ary3;
 
-    if (RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash))
-        return ary3;
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary1) <= SMALL_ARRAY_LEN && RARRAY_LEN(ary2) <= SMALL_ARRAY_LEN) {
+	for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary1); i++) {
+	    v = RARRAY_AREF(ary1, i);
+	    if (!rb_ary_includes_by_eql(ary2, v)) continue;
+	    if (rb_ary_includes_by_eql(ary3, v)) continue;
+	    rb_ary_push(ary3, v);
+	}
+	return ary3;
+    }
+
+    hash = ary_make_hash(ary2);
 
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary1); i++) {
-	vv = (st_data_t)(v = rb_ary_elt(ary1, i));
-	if (st_delete(RHASH_TBL(hash), &vv, 0)) {
+	v = RARRAY_AREF(ary1, i);
+	vv = (st_data_t)v;
+        if (rb_hash_stlike_delete(hash, &vv, 0)) {
 	    rb_ary_push(ary3, v);
 	}
     }
@@ -3468,40 +5419,500 @@ rb_ary_and(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary | other_ary     -> new_ary
+ *    array.intersection(*other_arrays) -> new_array
  *
- *  Set Union---Returns a new array by joining this array with
- *  <i>other_ary</i>, removing duplicates.
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing each element found both in +self+
+ *  and in all of the given Arrays +other_arrays+;
+ *  duplicates are omitted; items are compared using <tt>eql?</tt>:
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].intersection([0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 3]) # => [0, 1]
+ *    [0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3].intersection([0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 3]) # => [0, 1]
  *
- *     [ "a", "b", "c" ] | [ "c", "d", "a" ]
- *            #=> [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
+ *  Preserves order from +self+:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].intersection([2, 1, 0]) # => [0, 1, 2]
+ *
+ *  Returns a copy of +self+ if no arguments given.
+ *
+ *  Related: Array#&.
  */
 
 static VALUE
-rb_ary_or(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
+rb_ary_intersection_multi(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    VALUE result = rb_ary_dup(ary);
+    int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+        result = rb_ary_and(result, argv[i]);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+static int
+ary_hash_orset(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t arg, int existing)
+{
+    if (existing) return ST_STOP;
+    *key = *value = (VALUE)arg;
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+rb_ary_union(VALUE ary_union, VALUE ary)
+{
+    long i;
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+        VALUE elt = rb_ary_elt(ary, i);
+        if (rb_ary_includes_by_eql(ary_union, elt)) continue;
+        rb_ary_push(ary_union, elt);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+rb_ary_union_hash(VALUE hash, VALUE ary2)
 {
-    VALUE hash, ary3, v;
-    st_data_t vv;
     long i;
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary2); i++) {
+        VALUE elt = RARRAY_AREF(ary2, i);
+        if (!rb_hash_stlike_update(hash, (st_data_t)elt, ary_hash_orset, (st_data_t)elt)) {
+            RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(hash, Qundef, elt);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array | other_array -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns the union of +array+ and \Array +other_array+;
+ *  duplicates are removed; order is preserved;
+ *  items are compared using <tt>eql?</tt>:
+ *    [0, 1] | [2, 3] # => [0, 1, 2, 3]
+ *    [0, 1, 1] | [2, 2, 3] # => [0, 1, 2, 3]
+ *    [0, 1, 2] | [3, 2, 1, 0] # => [0, 1, 2, 3]
+ *
+ *  Related: Array#union.
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_or(VALUE ary1, VALUE ary2)
+{
+    VALUE hash, ary3;
 
     ary2 = to_ary(ary2);
-    ary3 = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_LEN(ary1)+RARRAY_LEN(ary2));
-    hash = ary_add_hash(ary_make_hash(ary1), ary2);
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary1) + RARRAY_LEN(ary2) <= SMALL_ARRAY_LEN) {
+	ary3 = rb_ary_new();
+        rb_ary_union(ary3, ary1);
+        rb_ary_union(ary3, ary2);
+	return ary3;
+    }
 
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary1); i++) {
-	vv = (st_data_t)(v = rb_ary_elt(ary1, i));
-	if (st_delete(RHASH_TBL(hash), &vv, 0)) {
-	    rb_ary_push(ary3, v);
+    hash = ary_make_hash(ary1);
+    rb_ary_union_hash(hash, ary2);
+
+    ary3 = rb_hash_values(hash);
+    ary_recycle_hash(hash);
+    return ary3;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.union(*other_arrays) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array that is the union of +self+ and all given Arrays +other_arrays+;
+ *  duplicates are removed;  order is preserved;  items are compared using <tt>eql?</tt>:
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].union([4, 5], [6, 7]) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
+ *    [0, 1, 1].union([2, 1], [3, 1]) # => [0, 1, 2, 3]
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].union([3, 2], [1, 0]) # => [0, 1, 2, 3]
+ *
+ *  Returns a copy of +self+ if no arguments given.
+ *
+ *  Related: Array#|.
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_union_multi(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    int i;
+    long sum;
+    VALUE hash, ary_union;
+
+    sum = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+        argv[i] = to_ary(argv[i]);
+        sum += RARRAY_LEN(argv[i]);
+    }
+
+    if (sum <= SMALL_ARRAY_LEN) {
+        ary_union = rb_ary_new();
+
+        rb_ary_union(ary_union, ary);
+        for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) rb_ary_union(ary_union, argv[i]);
+
+        return ary_union;
+    }
+
+    hash = ary_make_hash(ary);
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) rb_ary_union_hash(hash, argv[i]);
+
+    ary_union = rb_hash_values(hash);
+    ary_recycle_hash(hash);
+    return ary_union;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_max_generic(VALUE ary, long i, VALUE vmax)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(i > 0 && i < RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+
+    VALUE v;
+    for (; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+        v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (rb_cmpint(rb_funcallv(vmax, id_cmp, 1, &v), vmax, v) < 0) {
+            vmax = v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return vmax;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_max_opt_fixnum(VALUE ary, long i, VALUE vmax)
+{
+    const long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(i > 0 && i < n);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(FIXNUM_P(vmax));
+
+    VALUE v;
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (FIXNUM_P(v)) {
+            if ((long)vmax < (long)v) {
+                vmax = v;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            return ary_max_generic(ary, i, vmax);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return vmax;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_max_opt_float(VALUE ary, long i, VALUE vmax)
+{
+    const long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(i > 0 && i < n);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(vmax));
+
+    VALUE v;
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(v)) {
+            if (rb_float_cmp(vmax, v) < 0) {
+                vmax = v;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            return ary_max_generic(ary, i, vmax);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return vmax;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_max_opt_string(VALUE ary, long i, VALUE vmax)
+{
+    const long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(i > 0 && i < n);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(STRING_P(vmax));
+
+    VALUE v;
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (STRING_P(v)) {
+            if (rb_str_cmp(vmax, v) < 0) {
+                vmax = v;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            return ary_max_generic(ary, i, vmax);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return vmax;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.max -> element
+ *    array.max {|a, b| ... } -> element
+ *    array.max(n) -> new_array
+ *    array.max(n) {|a, b| ... } -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns one of the following:
+ *  - The maximum-valued element from +self+.
+ *  - A new \Array of maximum-valued elements selected from +self+.
+ *
+ *  When no block is given, each element in +self+ must respond to method <tt><=></tt>
+ *  with an \Integer.
+ *
+ *  With no argument and no block, returns the element in +self+
+ *  having the maximum value per method <tt><=></tt>:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].max # => 2
+ *
+ *  With an argument \Integer +n+ and no block, returns a new \Array with at most +n+ elements,
+ *  in descending order per method <tt><=></tt>:
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].max(3) # => [3, 2, 1]
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].max(6) # => [3, 2, 1]
+ *
+ *  When a block is given, the block must return an \Integer.
+ *
+ *  With a block and no argument, calls the block <tt>self.size-1</tt> times to compare elements;
+ *  returns the element having the maximum value per the block:
+ *    ['0', '00', '000'].max {|a, b| a.size <=> b.size } # => "000"
+ *
+ *  With an argument +n+ and a block, returns a new \Array with at most +n+ elements,
+ *  in descending order per the block:
+ *    ['0', '00', '000'].max(2) {|a, b| a.size <=> b.size } # => ["000", "00"]
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_max(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    struct cmp_opt_data cmp_opt = { 0, 0 };
+    VALUE result = Qundef, v;
+    VALUE num;
+    long i;
+
+    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) && !NIL_P(num = argv[0]))
+       return rb_nmin_run(ary, num, 0, 1, 1);
+
+    const long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+	   v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+	   if (result == Qundef || rb_cmpint(rb_yield_values(2, v, result), v, result) > 0) {
+	       result = v;
+	   }
 	}
     }
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary2); i++) {
-	vv = (st_data_t)(v = rb_ary_elt(ary2, i));
-	if (st_delete(RHASH_TBL(hash), &vv, 0)) {
-	    rb_ary_push(ary3, v);
+    else if (n > 0) {
+        result = RARRAY_AREF(ary, 0);
+        if (n > 1) {
+            if (FIXNUM_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(cmp_opt, Integer)) {
+                return ary_max_opt_fixnum(ary, 1, result);
+            }
+            else if (STRING_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(cmp_opt, String)) {
+                return ary_max_opt_string(ary, 1, result);
+            }
+            else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(cmp_opt, Float)) {
+                return ary_max_opt_float(ary, 1, result);
+            }
+            else {
+                return ary_max_generic(ary, 1, result);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (result == Qundef) return Qnil;
+    return result;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_min_generic(VALUE ary, long i, VALUE vmin)
+{
+    RUBY_ASSERT(i > 0 && i < RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+
+    VALUE v;
+    for (; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+        v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (rb_cmpint(rb_funcallv(vmin, id_cmp, 1, &v), vmin, v) > 0) {
+            vmin = v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return vmin;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_min_opt_fixnum(VALUE ary, long i, VALUE vmin)
+{
+    const long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(i > 0 && i < n);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(FIXNUM_P(vmin));
+
+    VALUE a;
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        a = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (FIXNUM_P(a)) {
+            if ((long)vmin > (long)a) {
+                vmin = a;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            return ary_min_generic(ary, i, vmin);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return vmin;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_min_opt_float(VALUE ary, long i, VALUE vmin)
+{
+    const long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(i > 0 && i < n);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(vmin));
+
+    VALUE a;
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        a = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(a)) {
+            if (rb_float_cmp(vmin, a) > 0) {
+                vmin = a;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            return ary_min_generic(ary, i, vmin);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return vmin;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ary_min_opt_string(VALUE ary, long i, VALUE vmin)
+{
+    const long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(i > 0 && i < n);
+    RUBY_ASSERT(STRING_P(vmin));
+
+    VALUE a;
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        a = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (STRING_P(a)) {
+            if (rb_str_cmp(vmin, a) > 0) {
+                vmin = a;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            return ary_min_generic(ary, i, vmin);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return vmin;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.min -> element
+ *    array.min { |a, b| ... } -> element
+ *    array.min(n) -> new_array
+ *    array.min(n) { |a, b| ... } -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns one of the following:
+ *  - The minimum-valued element from +self+.
+ *  - A new \Array of minimum-valued elements selected from +self+.
+ *
+ *  When no block is given, each element in +self+ must respond to method <tt><=></tt>
+ *  with an \Integer.
+ *
+ *  With no argument and no block, returns the element in +self+
+ *  having the minimum value per method <tt><=></tt>:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].min # => 0
+ *
+ *  With \Integer argument +n+ and no block, returns a new \Array with at most +n+ elements,
+ *  in ascending order per method <tt><=></tt>:
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].min(3) # => [0, 1, 2]
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].min(6) # => [0, 1, 2, 3]
+ *
+ *  When a block is given, the block must return an Integer.
+ *
+ *  With a block and no argument, calls the block <tt>self.size-1</tt> times to compare elements;
+ *  returns the element having the minimum value per the block:
+ *    ['0', '00', '000'].min { |a, b| a.size <=> b.size } # => "0"
+ *
+ *  With an argument +n+ and a block, returns a new \Array with at most +n+ elements,
+ *  in ascending order per the block:
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].min(3) # => [0, 1, 2]
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].min(6) # => [0, 1, 2, 3]
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_min(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    struct cmp_opt_data cmp_opt = { 0, 0 };
+    VALUE result = Qundef, v;
+    VALUE num;
+    long i;
+
+    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) && !NIL_P(num = argv[0]))
+       return rb_nmin_run(ary, num, 0, 0, 1);
+
+    const long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+	   v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+	   if (result == Qundef || rb_cmpint(rb_yield_values(2, v, result), v, result) < 0) {
+	       result = v;
+	   }
 	}
     }
-    ary_recycle_hash(hash);
-    return ary3;
+    else if (n > 0) {
+        result = RARRAY_AREF(ary, 0);
+        if (n > 1) {
+            if (FIXNUM_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(cmp_opt, Integer)) {
+                return ary_min_opt_fixnum(ary, 1, result);
+            }
+            else if (STRING_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(cmp_opt, String)) {
+                return ary_min_opt_string(ary, 1, result);
+            }
+            else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(result) && CMP_OPTIMIZABLE(cmp_opt, Float)) {
+                return ary_min_opt_float(ary, 1, result);
+            }
+            else {
+                return ary_min_generic(ary, 1, result);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (result == Qundef) return Qnil;
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.minmax -> [min_val, max_val]
+ *    array.minmax {|a, b| ... } -> [min_val, max_val]
+ *
+ *  Returns a new 2-element \Array containing the minimum and maximum values
+ *  from +self+, either per method <tt><=></tt> or per a given block:.
+ *
+ *  When no block is given, each element in +self+ must respond to method <tt><=></tt>
+ *  with an \Integer;
+ *  returns a new 2-element \Array containing the minimum and maximum values
+ *  from +self+, per method <tt><=></tt>:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].minmax # => [0, 2]
+ *
+ *  When a block is given, the block must return an \Integer;
+ *  the block is called <tt>self.size-1</tt> times to compare elements;
+ *  returns a new 2-element \Array containing the minimum and maximum values
+ *  from +self+, per the block:
+ *    ['0', '00', '000'].minmax {|a, b| a.size <=> b.size } # => ["0", "000"]
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_minmax(VALUE ary)
+{
+    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+        return rb_call_super(0, NULL);
+    }
+    return rb_assoc_new(rb_ary_min(0, 0, ary), rb_ary_max(0, 0, ary));
 }
 
 static int
@@ -3513,60 +5924,57 @@ push_value(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.uniq!                -> ary or nil
- *     ary.uniq! { |item| ... } -> ary or nil
+ *    array.uniq! -> self or nil
+ *    array.uniq! {|element| ... } -> self or nil
+ *
+ *  Removes duplicate elements from +self+, the first occurrence always being retained;
+ *  returns +self+ if any elements removed, +nil+ otherwise.
  *
- *  Removes duplicate elements from +self+. If a block is given,
- *  it will use the return value of the block for comparison.
- *  Returns <code>nil</code> if no changes are made (that is, no
- *  duplicates are found).
+ *  With no block given, identifies and removes elements using method <tt>eql?</tt>
+ *  to compare.
  *
- *     a = [ "a", "a", "b", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.uniq!   # => ["a", "b", "c"]
+ *  Returns +self+ if any elements removed:
+ *    a = [0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]
+ *    a.uniq! # => [0, 1, 2]
  *
- *     b = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     b.uniq!   # => nil
+ *  Returns +nil+ if no elements removed.
  *
- *     c = [["student","sam"], ["student","george"], ["teacher","matz"]]
- *     c.uniq! { |s| s.first } # => [["student", "sam"], ["teacher", "matz"]]
+ *  With a block given, calls the block for each element;
+ *  identifies (using method <tt>eql?</tt>) and removes
+ *  elements for which the block returns duplicate values.
  *
+ *  Returns +self+ if any elements removed:
+ *    a = ['a', 'aa', 'aaa', 'b', 'bb', 'bbb']
+ *    a.uniq! {|element| element.size } # => ['a', 'aa', 'aaa']
+ *
+ *  Returns +nil+ if no elements removed.
  */
-
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_uniq_bang(VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE hash, v;
-    long i, j;
+    VALUE hash;
+    long hash_size;
 
     rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
     if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) <= 1)
         return Qnil;
-    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+    if (rb_block_given_p())
 	hash = ary_make_hash_by(ary);
-	if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == (i = RHASH_SIZE(hash))) {
-	    return Qnil;
-	}
-	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, 0);
-	if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary) && !ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) {
-	    rb_ary_unshare(ary);
-	    FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
-	}
-	ary_resize_capa(ary, i);
-	st_foreach(RHASH_TBL(hash), push_value, ary);
-    }
-    else {
+    else
 	hash = ary_make_hash(ary);
-	if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == (long)RHASH_SIZE(hash)) {
-	    return Qnil;
-	}
-	for (i=j=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	    st_data_t vv = (st_data_t)(v = rb_ary_elt(ary, i));
-	    if (st_delete(RHASH_TBL(hash), &vv, 0)) {
-		rb_ary_store(ary, j++, v);
-	    }
-	}
-	ARY_SET_LEN(ary, j);
+
+    hash_size = RHASH_SIZE(hash);
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == hash_size) {
+	return Qnil;
     }
+    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
+    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, 0);
+    if (ARY_SHARED_P(ary) && !ARY_EMBED_P(ary)) {
+	rb_ary_unshare(ary);
+	FL_SET_EMBED(ary);
+    }
+    ary_resize_capa(ary, hash_size);
+    rb_hash_foreach(hash, push_value, ary);
     ary_recycle_hash(hash);
 
     return ary;
@@ -3574,58 +5982,55 @@ rb_ary_uniq_bang(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.uniq                -> new_ary
- *     ary.uniq { |item| ... } -> new_ary
- *
- *  Returns a new array by removing duplicate values in +self+. If a block
- *  is given, it will use the return value of the block for comparison.
- *
- *     a = [ "a", "a", "b", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.uniq   # => ["a", "b", "c"]
- *
- *     b = [["student","sam"], ["student","george"], ["teacher","matz"]]
- *     b.uniq { |s| s.first } # => [["student", "sam"], ["teacher", "matz"]]
- *
+ *    array.uniq -> new_array
+ *    array.uniq {|element| ... } -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing those elements from +self+ that are not duplicates,
+ *  the first occurrence always being retained.
+ *
+ *  With no block given, identifies and omits duplicates using method <tt>eql?</tt>
+ *  to compare.
+ *    a = [0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]
+ *    a.uniq # => [0, 1, 2]
+ *
+ *  With a block given, calls the block for each element;
+ *  identifies (using method <tt>eql?</tt>) and omits duplicate values,
+ *  that is, those elements for which the block returns the same value:
+ *    a = ['a', 'aa', 'aaa', 'b', 'bb', 'bbb']
+ *    a.uniq {|element| element.size } # => ["a", "aa", "aaa"]
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_uniq(VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE hash, uniq, v;
-    long i;
+    VALUE hash, uniq;
 
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) <= 1)
-        return rb_ary_dup(ary);
-    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) <= 1) {
+        hash = 0;
+        uniq = rb_ary_dup(ary);
+    }
+    else if (rb_block_given_p()) {
 	hash = ary_make_hash_by(ary);
-	uniq = ary_new(rb_obj_class(ary), RHASH_SIZE(hash));
-	st_foreach(RHASH_TBL(hash), push_value, uniq);
+	uniq = rb_hash_values(hash);
     }
     else {
 	hash = ary_make_hash(ary);
-	uniq = ary_new(rb_obj_class(ary), RHASH_SIZE(hash));
-	for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	    st_data_t vv = (st_data_t)(v = rb_ary_elt(ary, i));
-	    if (st_delete(RHASH_TBL(hash), &vv, 0)) {
-		rb_ary_push(uniq, v);
-	    }
-	}
+	uniq = rb_hash_values(hash);
+    }
+    if (hash) {
+        ary_recycle_hash(hash);
     }
-    ary_recycle_hash(hash);
 
     return uniq;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.compact!    -> ary  or  nil
+ *    array.compact! -> self or nil
  *
- *  Removes +nil+ elements from the array.
- *  Returns +nil+ if no changes were made, otherwise returns
- *  <i>ary</i>.
+ *  Removes all +nil+ elements from +self+.
  *
- *     [ "a", nil, "b", nil, "c" ].compact! #=> [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     [ "a", "b", "c" ].compact!           #=> nil
+ *  Returns +self+ if any elements removed, otherwise +nil+.
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -3635,33 +6040,29 @@ rb_ary_compact_bang(VALUE ary)
     long n;
 
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    p = t = RARRAY_PTR(ary);
+    p = t = (VALUE *)RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary); /* WB: no new reference */
     end = p + RARRAY_LEN(ary);
 
     while (t < end) {
 	if (NIL_P(*t)) t++;
 	else *p++ = *t++;
     }
-    n = p - RARRAY_PTR(ary);
+    n = p - RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary);
     if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == n) {
 	return Qnil;
     }
-    ARY_SET_LEN(ary, n);
-    if (n * 2 < ARY_CAPA(ary) && ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE * 2 < ARY_CAPA(ary)) {
-	ary_resize_capa(ary, n * 2);
-    }
+    ary_resize_smaller(ary, n);
 
     return ary;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.compact     -> new_ary
- *
- *  Returns a copy of +self+ with all +nil+ elements removed.
+ *    array.compact -> new_array
  *
- *     [ "a", nil, "b", nil, "c", nil ].compact
- *                       #=> [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing all non-+nil+ elements from +self+:
+ *    a = [nil, 0, nil, 1, nil, 2, nil]
+ *    a.compact # => [0, 1, 2]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -3674,19 +6075,26 @@ rb_ary_compact(VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.count      -> int
- *     ary.count(obj) -> int
- *     ary.count { |item| block }  -> int
+ *    array.count -> an_integer
+ *    array.count(obj) -> an_integer
+ *    array.count {|element| ... } -> an_integer
+ *
+ *  Returns a count of specified elements.
  *
- *  Returns the number of elements.  If an argument is given, counts
- *  the number of elements which equals to <i>obj</i>.  If a block is
- *  given, counts the number of elements yielding a true value.
+ *  With no argument and no block, returns the count of all elements:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].count # => 3
+ *    [].count # => 0
  *
- *     ary = [1, 2, 4, 2]
- *     ary.count             #=> 4
- *     ary.count(2)          #=> 2
- *     ary.count{|x|x%2==0}  #=> 3
+ *  With argument +obj+, returns the count of elements <tt>eql?</tt> to +obj+:
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 0].count(0) # => 2
+ *    [0, 1, 2].count(3) # => 0
  *
+ *  With no argument and a block given, calls the block with each element;
+ *  returns the count of elements for which the block returns a truthy value:
+ *    [0, 1, 2, 3].count {|element| element > 1} # => 2
+ *
+ *  With argument +obj+ and a block given, issues a warning, ignores the block,
+ *  and returns the count of elements <tt>eql?</tt> to +obj+:
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -3694,26 +6102,25 @@ rb_ary_count(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
     long i, n = 0;
 
-    if (argc == 0) {
+    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) == 0) {
 	VALUE v;
 
 	if (!rb_block_given_p())
 	    return LONG2NUM(RARRAY_LEN(ary));
 
 	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	    v = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i];
+	    v = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
 	    if (RTEST(rb_yield(v))) n++;
 	}
     }
     else {
-	VALUE obj;
+        VALUE obj = argv[0];
 
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1", &obj);
 	if (rb_block_given_p()) {
 	    rb_warn("given block not used");
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	    if (rb_equal(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i], obj)) n++;
+	    if (rb_equal(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), obj)) n++;
 	}
     }
 
@@ -3721,37 +6128,71 @@ rb_ary_count(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-flatten(VALUE ary, int level, int *modified)
+flatten(VALUE ary, int level)
 {
-    long i = 0;
-    VALUE stack, result, tmp, elt;
-    st_table *memo;
+    long i;
+    VALUE stack, result, tmp = 0, elt, vmemo;
+    st_table *memo = 0;
     st_data_t id;
 
-    stack = ary_new(0, ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE);
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+        elt = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+        tmp = rb_check_array_type(elt);
+        if (!NIL_P(tmp)) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (i == RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
+        return ary;
+    }
+
     result = ary_new(0, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-    memo = st_init_numtable();
-    st_insert(memo, (st_data_t)ary, (st_data_t)Qtrue);
-    *modified = 0;
+    ary_memcpy(result, 0, i, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary));
+    ARY_SET_LEN(result, i);
+
+    stack = ary_new(0, ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE);
+    rb_ary_push(stack, ary);
+    rb_ary_push(stack, LONG2NUM(i + 1));
+
+    if (level < 0) {
+	vmemo = rb_hash_new();
+	RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(vmemo);
+	memo = st_init_numtable();
+	rb_hash_st_table_set(vmemo, memo);
+	st_insert(memo, (st_data_t)ary, (st_data_t)Qtrue);
+	st_insert(memo, (st_data_t)tmp, (st_data_t)Qtrue);
+    }
+
+    ary = tmp;
+    i = 0;
 
     while (1) {
 	while (i < RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
-	    elt = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i++];
+	    elt = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i++);
+	    if (level >= 0 && RARRAY_LEN(stack) / 2 >= level) {
+		rb_ary_push(result, elt);
+		continue;
+	    }
 	    tmp = rb_check_array_type(elt);
 	    if (RBASIC(result)->klass) {
+		if (memo) {
+		    RB_GC_GUARD(vmemo);
+		    st_clear(memo);
+		}
 		rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "flatten reentered");
 	    }
-	    if (NIL_P(tmp) || (level >= 0 && RARRAY_LEN(stack) / 2 >= level)) {
+	    if (NIL_P(tmp)) {
 		rb_ary_push(result, elt);
 	    }
 	    else {
-		*modified = 1;
-		id = (st_data_t)tmp;
-		if (st_lookup(memo, id, 0)) {
-		    st_free_table(memo);
-		    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "tried to flatten recursive array");
+		if (memo) {
+		    id = (st_data_t)tmp;
+		    if (st_is_member(memo, id)) {
+			st_clear(memo);
+			rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "tried to flatten recursive array");
+		    }
+		    st_insert(memo, id, (st_data_t)Qtrue);
 		}
-		st_insert(memo, id, (st_data_t)Qtrue);
 		rb_ary_push(stack, ary);
 		rb_ary_push(stack, LONG2NUM(i));
 		ary = tmp;
@@ -3761,35 +6202,49 @@ flatten(VALUE ary, int level, int *modified)
 	if (RARRAY_LEN(stack) == 0) {
 	    break;
 	}
-	id = (st_data_t)ary;
-	st_delete(memo, &id, 0);
+	if (memo) {
+	    id = (st_data_t)ary;
+	    st_delete(memo, &id, 0);
+	}
 	tmp = rb_ary_pop(stack);
 	i = NUM2LONG(tmp);
 	ary = rb_ary_pop(stack);
     }
 
-    st_free_table(memo);
+    if (memo) {
+	st_clear(memo);
+    }
 
-    RBASIC(result)->klass = rb_class_of(ary);
+    RBASIC_SET_CLASS(result, rb_cArray);
     return result;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.flatten!        -> ary or nil
- *     ary.flatten!(level) -> array or nil
- *
- *  Flattens +self+ in place.
- *  Returns <code>nil</code> if no modifications were made (i.e.,
- *  <i>ary</i> contains no subarrays.)  If the optional <i>level</i>
- *  argument determines the level of recursion to flatten.
- *
- *     a = [ 1, 2, [3, [4, 5] ] ]
- *     a.flatten!   #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- *     a.flatten!   #=> nil
- *     a            #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- *     a = [ 1, 2, [3, [4, 5] ] ]
- *     a.flatten!(1) #=> [1, 2, 3, [4, 5]]
+ *    array.flatten! -> self or nil
+ *    array.flatten!(level) -> self or nil
+ *
+ *  Replaces each nested \Array in +self+ with the elements from that \Array;
+ *  returns +self+ if any changes, +nil+ otherwise.
+ *
+ *  With non-negative \Integer argument +level+, flattens recursively through +level+ levels:
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten!(1) # => [0, 1, [2, 3], 4, 5]
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten!(2) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten!(3) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    [0, 1, 2].flatten!(1) # => nil
+ *
+ *  With no argument, a +nil+ argument, or with negative argument +level+, flattens all levels:
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten! # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    [0, 1, 2].flatten! # => nil
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten!(-1) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten!(-2) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    [0, 1, 2].flatten!(-1) # => nil
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -3798,14 +6253,13 @@ rb_ary_flatten_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     int mod = 0, level = -1;
     VALUE result, lv;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &lv);
+    lv = (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) ? argv[0] : Qnil);
     rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
     if (!NIL_P(lv)) level = NUM2INT(lv);
     if (level == 0) return Qnil;
 
-    result = flatten(ary, level, &mod);
-    if (mod == 0) {
-	ary_discard(result);
+    result = flatten(ary, level);
+    if (result == ary) {
 	return Qnil;
     }
     if (!(mod = ARY_EMBED_P(result))) rb_obj_freeze(result);
@@ -3817,190 +6271,150 @@ rb_ary_flatten_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.flatten -> new_ary
- *     ary.flatten(level) -> new_ary
- *
- *  Returns a new array that is a one-dimensional flattening of this
- *  array (recursively). That is, for every element that is an array,
- *  extract its elements into the new array.  If the optional
- *  <i>level</i> argument determines the level of recursion to flatten.
- *
- *     s = [ 1, 2, 3 ]           #=> [1, 2, 3]
- *     t = [ 4, 5, 6, [7, 8] ]   #=> [4, 5, 6, [7, 8]]
- *     a = [ s, t, 9, 10 ]       #=> [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, [7, 8]], 9, 10]
- *     a.flatten                 #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
- *     a = [ 1, 2, [3, [4, 5] ] ]
- *     a.flatten(1)              #=> [1, 2, 3, [4, 5]]
+ *    array.flatten -> new_array
+ *    array.flatten(level) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array that is a recursive flattening of +self+:
+ *  - Each non-Array element is unchanged.
+ *  - Each \Array is replaced by its individual elements.
+ *
+ *  With non-negative \Integer argument +level+, flattens recursively through +level+ levels:
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten(0) # => [0, [1, [2, 3], 4], 5]
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten(1) # => [0, 1, [2, 3], 4, 5]
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten(2) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten(3) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *
+ *  With no argument, a +nil+ argument, or with negative argument +level+, flattens all levels:
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    [0, 1, 2].flatten # => [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten(-1) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a = [ 0, [ 1, [2, 3], 4 ], 5 ]
+ *    a.flatten(-2) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    [0, 1, 2].flatten(-1) # => [0, 1, 2]
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_flatten(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    int mod = 0, level = -1;
-    VALUE result, lv;
+    int level = -1;
+    VALUE result;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &lv);
-    if (!NIL_P(lv)) level = NUM2INT(lv);
-    if (level == 0) return ary_make_shared_copy(ary);
+    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) && !NIL_P(argv[0])) {
+        level = NUM2INT(argv[0]);
+        if (level == 0) return ary_make_shared_copy(ary);
+    }
 
-    result = flatten(ary, level, &mod);
-    OBJ_INFECT(result, ary);
+    result = flatten(ary, level);
+    if (result == ary) {
+        result = ary_make_shared_copy(ary);
+    }
 
     return result;
 }
 
-#define OPTHASH_GIVEN_P(opts) \
-    (argc > 0 && !NIL_P((opts) = rb_check_hash_type(argv[argc-1])) && (--argc, 1))
-static VALUE sym_random;
-
-#define RAND_UPTO(max) (long)(rb_random_real(randgen)*(max))
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.shuffle!              -> ary
- *     ary.shuffle!(random: rng) -> ary
- *
- *  Shuffles elements in +self+ in place.
- *  If +rng+ is given, it will be used as the random number generator.
- */
+#define RAND_UPTO(max) (long)rb_random_ulong_limited((randgen), (max)-1)
 
 static VALUE
-rb_ary_shuffle_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+rb_ary_shuffle_bang(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE ary, VALUE randgen)
 {
-    VALUE *ptr, opts, *snap_ptr, randgen = rb_cRandom;
-    long i, snap_len;
+    long i, len;
 
-    if (OPTHASH_GIVEN_P(opts)) {
-	randgen = rb_hash_lookup2(opts, sym_random, randgen);
-    }
-    if (argc > 0) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0)", argc);
-    }
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    i = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    ptr = RARRAY_PTR(ary);
-    snap_len = i;
-    snap_ptr = ptr;
-    while (i) {
-	long j = RAND_UPTO(i);
-	VALUE tmp;
-	if (snap_len != RARRAY_LEN(ary) || snap_ptr != RARRAY_PTR(ary)) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "modified during shuffle");
+    i = len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    RARRAY_PTR_USE(ary, ptr, {
+	while (i) {
+	    long j = RAND_UPTO(i);
+	    VALUE tmp;
+            if (len != RARRAY_LEN(ary) || ptr != RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary)) {
+                rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "modified during shuffle");
+	    }
+	    tmp = ptr[--i];
+	    ptr[i] = ptr[j];
+	    ptr[j] = tmp;
 	}
-	tmp = ptr[--i];
-	ptr[i] = ptr[j];
-	ptr[j] = tmp;
-    }
+    }); /* WB: no new reference */
     return ary;
 }
 
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.shuffle              -> new_ary
- *     ary.shuffle(random: rng) -> new_ary
- *
- *  Returns a new array with elements of this array shuffled.
- *
- *     a = [ 1, 2, 3 ]           #=> [1, 2, 3]
- *     a.shuffle                 #=> [2, 3, 1]
- *
- *  If +rng+ is given, it will be used as the random number generator.
- *
- *     a.shuffle(random: Random.new(1))  #=> [1, 3, 2]
- */
-
 static VALUE
-rb_ary_shuffle(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+rb_ary_shuffle(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE ary, VALUE randgen)
 {
     ary = rb_ary_dup(ary);
-    rb_ary_shuffle_bang(argc, argv, ary);
+    rb_ary_shuffle_bang(ec, ary, randgen);
     return ary;
 }
 
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.sample                  -> obj
- *     ary.sample(random: rng)     -> obj
- *     ary.sample(n)               -> new_ary
- *     ary.sample(n, random: rng)  -> new_ary
- *
- *  Choose a random element or +n+ random elements from the array. The elements
- *  are chosen by using random and unique indices into the array in order to
- *  ensure that an element doesn't repeat itself unless the array already
- *  contained duplicate elements. If the array is empty the first form returns
- *  <code>nil</code> and the second form returns an empty array.
- *
- *  If +rng+ is given, it will be used as the random number generator.
- */
-
-
 static VALUE
-rb_ary_sample(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+rb_ary_sample(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE ary, VALUE randgen, VALUE nv, VALUE to_array)
 {
-    VALUE nv, result, *ptr;
-    VALUE opts, randgen = rb_cRandom;
+    VALUE result;
     long n, len, i, j, k, idx[10];
-    double rnds[numberof(idx)];
+    long rnds[numberof(idx)];
+    long memo_threshold;
 
-    if (OPTHASH_GIVEN_P(opts)) {
-	randgen = rb_hash_lookup2(opts, sym_random, randgen);
-    }
-    ptr = RARRAY_PTR(ary);
     len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	if (len == 0) return Qnil;
-	if (len == 1) {
+    if (!to_array) {
+	if (len < 2)
 	    i = 0;
-	}
-	else {
-	    double x = rb_random_real(randgen);
-	    if ((len = RARRAY_LEN(ary)) == 0) return Qnil;
-	    i = (long)(x * len);
-	}
-	return RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i];
+	else
+	    i = RAND_UPTO(len);
+
+	return rb_ary_elt(ary, i);
     }
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1", &nv);
     n = NUM2LONG(nv);
     if (n < 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative sample number");
     if (n > len) n = len;
     if (n <= numberof(idx)) {
 	for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-	    rnds[i] = rb_random_real(randgen);
+	    rnds[i] = RAND_UPTO(len - i);
 	}
     }
+    k = len;
     len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-    ptr = RARRAY_PTR(ary);
+    if (len < k && n <= numberof(idx)) {
+	for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+	    if (rnds[i] >= len) return rb_ary_new_capa(0);
+	}
+    }
     if (n > len) n = len;
     switch (n) {
       case 0:
-	return rb_ary_new2(0);
+	return rb_ary_new_capa(0);
       case 1:
-	i = (long)(rnds[0] * len);
-	return rb_ary_new4(1, &ptr[i]);
+	i = rnds[0];
+	return rb_ary_new_from_args(1, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
       case 2:
-	i = (long)(rnds[0] * len);
-	j = (long)(rnds[1] * (len-1));
+	i = rnds[0];
+	j = rnds[1];
 	if (j >= i) j++;
-	return rb_ary_new3(2, ptr[i], ptr[j]);
+	return rb_ary_new_from_args(2, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), RARRAY_AREF(ary, j));
       case 3:
-	i = (long)(rnds[0] * len);
-	j = (long)(rnds[1] * (len-1));
-	k = (long)(rnds[2] * (len-2));
+	i = rnds[0];
+	j = rnds[1];
+	k = rnds[2];
 	{
 	    long l = j, g = i;
 	    if (j >= i) l = i, g = ++j;
 	    if (k >= l && (++k >= g)) ++k;
 	}
-	return rb_ary_new3(3, ptr[i], ptr[j], ptr[k]);
+	return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), RARRAY_AREF(ary, j), RARRAY_AREF(ary, k));
     }
+    memo_threshold =
+	len < 2560 ? len / 128 :
+	len < 5120 ? len / 64 :
+	len < 10240 ? len / 32 :
+	len / 16;
     if (n <= numberof(idx)) {
-	VALUE *ptr_result;
 	long sorted[numberof(idx)];
-	sorted[0] = idx[0] = (long)(rnds[0] * len);
+	sorted[0] = idx[0] = rnds[0];
 	for (i=1; i<n; i++) {
-	    k = (long)(rnds[i] * --len);
+	    k = rnds[i];
 	    for (j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
 		if (k < sorted[j]) break;
 		++k;
@@ -4008,161 +6422,326 @@ rb_ary_sample(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 	    memmove(&sorted[j+1], &sorted[j], sizeof(sorted[0])*(i-j));
 	    sorted[j] = idx[i] = k;
 	}
-	result = rb_ary_new2(n);
-	ptr_result = RARRAY_PTR(result);
-	for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
-	    ptr_result[i] = ptr[idx[i]];
-	}
+	result = rb_ary_new_capa(n);
+        RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(result, ptr_result, {
+	    for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
+		ptr_result[i] = RARRAY_AREF(ary, idx[i]);
+	    }
+	});
+    }
+    else if (n <= memo_threshold / 2) {
+	long max_idx = 0;
+#undef RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING
+#define RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING 0
+	VALUE vmemo = Data_Wrap_Struct(0, 0, st_free_table, 0);
+	st_table *memo = st_init_numtable_with_size(n);
+	DATA_PTR(vmemo) = memo;
+	result = rb_ary_new_capa(n);
+	RARRAY_PTR_USE(result, ptr_result, {
+	    for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
+		long r = RAND_UPTO(len-i) + i;
+		ptr_result[i] = r;
+		if (r > max_idx) max_idx = r;
+	    }
+	    len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+	    if (len <= max_idx) n = 0;
+	    else if (n > len) n = len;
+            RARRAY_PTR_USE_TRANSIENT(ary, ptr_ary, {
+		for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
+		    long j2 = j = ptr_result[i];
+		    long i2 = i;
+		    st_data_t value;
+		    if (st_lookup(memo, (st_data_t)i, &value)) i2 = (long)value;
+		    if (st_lookup(memo, (st_data_t)j, &value)) j2 = (long)value;
+		    st_insert(memo, (st_data_t)j, (st_data_t)i2);
+		    ptr_result[i] = ptr_ary[j2];
+		}
+	    });
+	});
+	DATA_PTR(vmemo) = 0;
+	st_free_table(memo);
     }
     else {
-	VALUE *ptr_result;
-	result = rb_ary_new4(len, ptr);
-	RBASIC(result)->klass = 0;
-	ptr_result = RARRAY_PTR(result);
+	result = rb_ary_dup(ary);
+	RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(result);
 	RB_GC_GUARD(ary);
-	for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
-	    j = RAND_UPTO(len-i) + i;
-	    nv = ptr_result[j];
-	    ptr_result[j] = ptr_result[i];
-	    ptr_result[i] = nv;
-	}
-	RBASIC(result)->klass = rb_cArray;
+	RARRAY_PTR_USE(result, ptr_result, {
+	    for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
+		j = RAND_UPTO(len-i) + i;
+		nv = ptr_result[j];
+		ptr_result[j] = ptr_result[i];
+		ptr_result[i] = nv;
+	    }
+	});
+	RBASIC_SET_CLASS_RAW(result, rb_cArray);
     }
     ARY_SET_LEN(result, n);
 
     return result;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_cycle_size(VALUE self, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
+{
+    long mul;
+    VALUE n = Qnil;
+    if (args && (RARRAY_LEN(args) > 0)) {
+	n = RARRAY_AREF(args, 0);
+    }
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(self) == 0) return INT2FIX(0);
+    if (n == Qnil) return DBL2NUM(HUGE_VAL);
+    mul = NUM2LONG(n);
+    if (mul <= 0) return INT2FIX(0);
+    n = LONG2FIX(mul);
+    return rb_fix_mul_fix(rb_ary_length(self), n);
+}
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.cycle(n=nil) {|obj| block }  -> nil
- *     ary.cycle(n=nil)                 -> an_enumerator
- *
- *  Calls <i>block</i> for each element repeatedly _n_ times or
- *  forever if none or +nil+ is given.  If a non-positive number is
- *  given or the array is empty, does nothing.  Returns +nil+ if the
- *  loop has finished without getting interrupted.
- *
- *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- *
- *     a = ["a", "b", "c"]
- *     a.cycle {|x| puts x }  # print, a, b, c, a, b, c,.. forever.
- *     a.cycle(2) {|x| puts x }  # print, a, b, c, a, b, c.
- *
+ *    array.cycle {|element| ... } -> nil
+ *    array.cycle(count) {|element| ... } -> nil
+ *    array.cycle -> new_enumerator
+ *    array.cycle(count) -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  When called with positive \Integer argument +count+ and a block,
+ *  calls the block with each element, then does so again,
+ *  until it has done so +count+ times; returns +nil+:
+ *    output = []
+ *    [0, 1].cycle(2) {|element| output.push(element) } # => nil
+ *    output # => [0, 1, 0, 1]
+ *
+ *  If +count+ is zero or negative, does not call the block:
+ *    [0, 1].cycle(0) {|element| fail 'Cannot happen' } # => nil
+ *    [0, 1].cycle(-1) {|element| fail 'Cannot happen' } # => nil
+ *
+ *  When a block is given, and argument is omitted or +nil+, cycles forever:
+ *    # Prints 0 and 1 forever.
+ *    [0, 1].cycle {|element| puts element }
+ *    [0, 1].cycle(nil) {|element| puts element }
+ *
+ *  When no block is given, returns a new \Enumerator:
+ *
+ *    [0, 1].cycle(2) # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1]:cycle(2)>
+ *    [0, 1].cycle # => # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1]:cycle>
+ *    [0, 1].cycle.first(5) # => [0, 1, 0, 1, 0]
  */
-
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_cycle(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
     long n, i;
-    VALUE nv = Qnil;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &nv);
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, argc, argv);
-    if (NIL_P(nv)) {
+    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, argc, argv, rb_ary_cycle_size);
+    if (argc == 0 || NIL_P(argv[0])) {
         n = -1;
     }
     else {
-        n = NUM2LONG(nv);
+        n = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
         if (n <= 0) return Qnil;
     }
 
     while (RARRAY_LEN(ary) > 0 && (n < 0 || 0 < n--)) {
         for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-            rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]);
+            rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
         }
     }
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-#define tmpbuf(n, size) rb_str_tmp_new((n)*(size))
-#define tmpbuf_discard(s) (rb_str_resize((s), 0L), RBASIC(s)->klass = rb_cString)
 #define tmpary(n) rb_ary_tmp_new(n)
-#define tmpary_discard(a) (ary_discard(a), RBASIC(a)->klass = rb_cArray)
+#define tmpary_discard(a) (ary_discard(a), RBASIC_SET_CLASS_RAW(a, rb_cArray))
 
 /*
- * Recursively compute permutations of r elements of the set [0..n-1].
- * When we have a complete permutation of array indexes, copy the values
- * at those indexes into a new array and yield that array.
+ * Build a ruby array of the corresponding values and yield it to the
+ * associated block.
+ * Return the class of +values+ for reentry check.
+ */
+static int
+yield_indexed_values(const VALUE values, const long r, const long *const p)
+{
+    const VALUE result = rb_ary_new2(r);
+    long i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < r; i++) ARY_SET(result, i, RARRAY_AREF(values, p[i]));
+    ARY_SET_LEN(result, r);
+    rb_yield(result);
+    return !RBASIC(values)->klass;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compute permutations of +r+ elements of the set <code>[0..n-1]</code>.
+ *
+ * When we have a complete permutation of array indices, copy the values
+ * at those indices into a new array and yield that array.
  *
  * n: the size of the set
  * r: the number of elements in each permutation
  * p: the array (of size r) that we're filling in
- * index: what index we're filling in now
  * used: an array of booleans: whether a given index is already used
  * values: the Ruby array that holds the actual values to permute
  */
 static void
-permute0(long n, long r, long *p, long index, char *used, VALUE values)
+permute0(const long n, const long r, long *const p, char *const used, const VALUE values)
 {
-    long i,j;
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-	if (used[i] == 0) {
+    long i = 0, index = 0;
+
+    for (;;) {
+	const char *const unused = memchr(&used[i], 0, n-i);
+	if (!unused) {
+	    if (!index) break;
+	    i = p[--index];                /* pop index */
+	    used[i++] = 0;                 /* index unused */
+	}
+	else {
+	    i = unused - used;
 	    p[index] = i;
+	    used[i] = 1;                   /* mark index used */
+	    ++index;
 	    if (index < r-1) {             /* if not done yet */
-		used[i] = 1;               /* mark index used */
-		permute0(n, r, p, index+1, /* recurse */
-			 used, values);
-		used[i] = 0;               /* index unused */
+		p[index] = i = 0;
+		continue;
 	    }
-	    else {
-		/* We have a complete permutation of array indexes */
-		/* Build a ruby array of the corresponding values */
-		/* And yield it to the associated block */
-		VALUE result = rb_ary_new2(r);
-		VALUE *result_array = RARRAY_PTR(result);
-		const VALUE *values_array = RARRAY_PTR(values);
-
-		for (j = 0; j < r; j++) result_array[j] = values_array[p[j]];
-		ARY_SET_LEN(result, r);
-		rb_yield(result);
-		if (RBASIC(values)->klass) {
+	    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+		if (used[i]) continue;
+		p[index] = i;
+		if (!yield_indexed_values(values, r, p)) {
 		    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "permute reentered");
 		}
 	    }
+	    i = p[--index];                /* pop index */
+	    used[i] = 0;                   /* index unused */
+	    p[index] = ++i;
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns the product of from, from-1, ..., from - how_many + 1.
+ * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pochhammer_symbol
+ */
+static VALUE
+descending_factorial(long from, long how_many)
+{
+    VALUE cnt;
+    if (how_many > 0) {
+	cnt = LONG2FIX(from);
+	while (--how_many > 0) {
+	    long v = --from;
+	    cnt = rb_int_mul(cnt, LONG2FIX(v));
 	}
     }
+    else {
+	cnt = LONG2FIX(how_many == 0);
+    }
+    return cnt;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+binomial_coefficient(long comb, long size)
+{
+    VALUE r;
+    long i;
+    if (comb > size-comb) {
+	comb = size-comb;
+    }
+    if (comb < 0) {
+	return LONG2FIX(0);
+    }
+    else if (comb == 0) {
+	return LONG2FIX(1);
+    }
+    r = LONG2FIX(size);
+    for (i = 1; i < comb; ++i) {
+	r = rb_int_mul(r, LONG2FIX(size - i));
+	r = rb_int_idiv(r, LONG2FIX(i + 1));
+    }
+    return r;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_permutation_size(VALUE ary, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
+{
+    long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    long k = (args && (RARRAY_LEN(args) > 0)) ? NUM2LONG(RARRAY_AREF(args, 0)) : n;
+
+    return descending_factorial(n, k);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.permutation { |p| block }          -> ary
- *     ary.permutation                        -> an_enumerator
- *     ary.permutation(n) { |p| block }       -> ary
- *     ary.permutation(n)                     -> an_enumerator
- *
- * When invoked with a block, yield all permutations of length <i>n</i>
- * of the elements of <i>ary</i>, then return the array itself.
- * If <i>n</i> is not specified, yield all permutations of all elements.
- * The implementation makes no guarantees about the order in which
- * the permutations are yielded.
- *
- * If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3]
- *     a.permutation.to_a     #=> [[1,2,3],[1,3,2],[2,1,3],[2,3,1],[3,1,2],[3,2,1]]
- *     a.permutation(1).to_a  #=> [[1],[2],[3]]
- *     a.permutation(2).to_a  #=> [[1,2],[1,3],[2,1],[2,3],[3,1],[3,2]]
- *     a.permutation(3).to_a  #=> [[1,2,3],[1,3,2],[2,1,3],[2,3,1],[3,1,2],[3,2,1]]
- *     a.permutation(0).to_a  #=> [[]] # one permutation of length 0
- *     a.permutation(4).to_a  #=> []   # no permutations of length 4
+ *    array.permutation {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    array.permutation(n) {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    array.permutation -> new_enumerator
+ *    array.permutation(n) -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  When invoked with a block, yield all permutations of elements of +self+; returns +self+.
+ *  The order of permutations is indeterminate.
+ *
+ *  When a block and an in-range positive \Integer argument +n+ (<tt>0 < n <= self.size</tt>)
+ *  are given, calls the block with all +n+-tuple permutations of +self+.
+ *
+ *  Example:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.permutation(2) {|permutation| p permutation }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0, 1]
+ *    [0, 2]
+ *    [1, 0]
+ *    [1, 2]
+ *    [2, 0]
+ *    [2, 1]
+ *  Another example:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.permutation(3) {|permutation| p permutation }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0, 1, 2]
+ *    [0, 2, 1]
+ *    [1, 0, 2]
+ *    [1, 2, 0]
+ *    [2, 0, 1]
+ *    [2, 1, 0]
+ *
+ *  When +n+ is zero, calls the block once with a new empty \Array:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.permutation(0) {|permutation| p permutation }
+ *  Output:
+ *    []
+ *
+ *  When +n+ is out of range (negative or larger than <tt>self.size</tt>),
+ *  does not call the block:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.permutation(-1) {|permutation| fail 'Cannot happen' }
+ *    a.permutation(4) {|permutation| fail 'Cannot happen' }
+ *
+ *  When a block given but no argument,
+ *  behaves the same as <tt>a.permutation(a.size)</tt>:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.permutation {|permutation| p permutation }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0, 1, 2]
+ *    [0, 2, 1]
+ *    [1, 0, 2]
+ *    [1, 2, 0]
+ *    [2, 0, 1]
+ *    [2, 1, 0]
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.permutation # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1, 2]:permutation>
+ *    a.permutation(2) # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1, 2]:permutation(2)>
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_permutation(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
-    VALUE num;
     long r, n, i;
 
     n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);                  /* Array length */
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, argc, argv);   /* Return enumerator if no block */
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &num);
-    r = NIL_P(num) ? n : NUM2LONG(num);   /* Permutation size from argument */
+    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, argc, argv, rb_ary_permutation_size);   /* Return enumerator if no block */
+    r = n;
+    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) && !NIL_P(argv[0]))
+        r = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);            /* Permutation size from argument */
 
     if (r < 0 || n < r) {
 	/* no permutations: yield nothing */
@@ -4172,58 +6751,104 @@ rb_ary_permutation(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     }
     else if (r == 1) { /* this is a special, easy case */
 	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	    rb_yield(rb_ary_new3(1, RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]));
+	    rb_yield(rb_ary_new3(1, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)));
 	}
     }
     else {             /* this is the general case */
-	volatile VALUE t0 = tmpbuf(n,sizeof(long));
-	long *p = (long*)RSTRING_PTR(t0);
-	volatile VALUE t1 = tmpbuf(n,sizeof(char));
-	char *used = (char*)RSTRING_PTR(t1);
+	volatile VALUE t0;
+	long *p = ALLOCV_N(long, t0, r+roomof(n, sizeof(long)));
+	char *used = (char*)(p + r);
 	VALUE ary0 = ary_make_shared_copy(ary); /* private defensive copy of ary */
-	RBASIC(ary0)->klass = 0;
+	RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(ary0);
 
 	MEMZERO(used, char, n); /* initialize array */
 
-	permute0(n, r, p, 0, used, ary0); /* compute and yield permutations */
-	tmpbuf_discard(t0);
-	tmpbuf_discard(t1);
-	RBASIC(ary0)->klass = rb_cArray;
+	permute0(n, r, p, used, ary0); /* compute and yield permutations */
+	ALLOCV_END(t0);
+	RBASIC_SET_CLASS_RAW(ary0, rb_cArray);
     }
     return ary;
 }
 
+static void
+combinate0(const long len, const long n, long *const stack, const VALUE values)
+{
+    long lev = 0;
+
+    MEMZERO(stack+1, long, n);
+    stack[0] = -1;
+    for (;;) {
+	for (lev++; lev < n; lev++) {
+	    stack[lev+1] = stack[lev]+1;
+	}
+	if (!yield_indexed_values(values, n, stack+1)) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "combination reentered");
+	}
+	do {
+	    if (lev == 0) return;
+	    stack[lev--]++;
+	} while (stack[lev+1]+n == len+lev+1);
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_combination_size(VALUE ary, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
+{
+    long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    long k = NUM2LONG(RARRAY_AREF(args, 0));
+
+    return binomial_coefficient(k, n);
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.combination(n) { |c| block }    -> ary
- *     ary.combination(n)                  -> an_enumerator
- *
- * When invoked with a block, yields all combinations of length <i>n</i>
- * of elements from <i>ary</i> and then returns <i>ary</i> itself.
- * The implementation makes no guarantees about the order in which
- * the combinations are yielded.
- *
- * If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
- *     a.combination(1).to_a  #=> [[1],[2],[3],[4]]
- *     a.combination(2).to_a  #=> [[1,2],[1,3],[1,4],[2,3],[2,4],[3,4]]
- *     a.combination(3).to_a  #=> [[1,2,3],[1,2,4],[1,3,4],[2,3,4]]
- *     a.combination(4).to_a  #=> [[1,2,3,4]]
- *     a.combination(0).to_a  #=> [[]] # one combination of length 0
- *     a.combination(5).to_a  #=> []   # no combinations of length 5
- *
+ *    array.combination(n) {|element| ... } -> self
+ *    array.combination(n) -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Calls the block, if given, with combinations of elements of +self+;
+ *  returns +self+. The order of combinations is indeterminate.
+ *
+ *  When a block and an in-range positive \Integer argument +n+ (<tt>0 < n <= self.size</tt>)
+ *  are given, calls the block with all +n+-tuple combinations of +self+.
+ *
+ *  Example:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.combination(2) {|combination| p combination }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0, 1]
+ *    [0, 2]
+ *    [1, 2]
+ *
+ *  Another example:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.combination(3) {|combination| p combination }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0, 1, 2]
+ *
+ *  When +n+ is zero, calls the block once with a new empty \Array:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a1 = a.combination(0) {|combination| p combination }
+ *  Output:
+ *    []
+ *
+ *  When +n+ is out of range (negative or larger than <tt>self.size</tt>),
+ *  does not call the block:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.combination(-1) {|combination| fail 'Cannot happen' }
+ *    a.combination(4) {|combination| fail 'Cannot happen' }
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.combination(2) # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1, 2]:combination(2)>
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_combination(VALUE ary, VALUE num)
 {
-    long n, i, len;
+    long i, n, len;
 
     n = NUM2LONG(num);
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 1, &num);
+    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 1, &num, rb_ary_combination_size);
     len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     if (n < 0 || len < n) {
 	/* yield nothing */
@@ -4232,108 +6857,135 @@ rb_ary_combination(VALUE ary, VALUE num)
 	rb_yield(rb_ary_new2(0));
     }
     else if (n == 1) {
-	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-	    rb_yield(rb_ary_new3(1, RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]));
+	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+	    rb_yield(rb_ary_new3(1, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)));
 	}
     }
     else {
-	volatile VALUE t0 = tmpbuf(n+1, sizeof(long));
-	long *stack = (long*)RSTRING_PTR(t0);
-	volatile VALUE cc = tmpary(n);
-	VALUE *chosen = RARRAY_PTR(cc);
-	long lev = 0;
-
-	MEMZERO(stack, long, n);
-	stack[0] = -1;
-	for (;;) {
-	    chosen[lev] = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[stack[lev+1]];
-	    for (lev++; lev < n; lev++) {
-		chosen[lev] = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[stack[lev+1] = stack[lev]+1];
-	    }
-	    rb_yield(rb_ary_new4(n, chosen));
-	    if (RBASIC(t0)->klass) {
-		rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "combination reentered");
-	    }
-	    do {
-		if (lev == 0) goto done;
-		stack[lev--]++;
-	    } while (stack[lev+1]+n == len+lev+1);
-	}
-    done:
-	tmpbuf_discard(t0);
-	tmpary_discard(cc);
+	VALUE ary0 = ary_make_shared_copy(ary); /* private defensive copy of ary */
+	volatile VALUE t0;
+	long *stack = ALLOCV_N(long, t0, n+1);
+
+	RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(ary0);
+	combinate0(len, n, stack, ary0);
+	ALLOCV_END(t0);
+	RBASIC_SET_CLASS_RAW(ary0, rb_cArray);
     }
     return ary;
 }
 
 /*
- * Recursively compute repeated permutations of r elements of the set
- * [0..n-1].
- * When we have a complete repeated permutation of array indexes, copy the
- * values at those indexes into a new array and yield that array.
+ * Compute repeated permutations of +r+ elements of the set
+ * <code>[0..n-1]</code>.
+ *
+ * When we have a complete repeated permutation of array indices, copy the
+ * values at those indices into a new array and yield that array.
  *
  * n: the size of the set
  * r: the number of elements in each permutation
  * p: the array (of size r) that we're filling in
- * index: what index we're filling in now
  * values: the Ruby array that holds the actual values to permute
  */
 static void
-rpermute0(long n, long r, long *p, long index, VALUE values)
+rpermute0(const long n, const long r, long *const p, const VALUE values)
 {
-    long i, j;
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-	p[index] = i;
-	if (index < r-1) {              /* if not done yet */
-	    rpermute0(n, r, p, index+1, values); /* recurse */
+    long i = 0, index = 0;
+
+    p[index] = i;
+    for (;;) {
+	if (++index < r-1) {
+	    p[index] = i = 0;
+	    continue;
 	}
-	else {
-	    /* We have a complete permutation of array indexes */
-	    /* Build a ruby array of the corresponding values */
-	    /* And yield it to the associated block */
-	    VALUE result = rb_ary_new2(r);
-	    VALUE *result_array = RARRAY_PTR(result);
-	    const VALUE *values_array = RARRAY_PTR(values);
-
-	    for (j = 0; j < r; j++) result_array[j] = values_array[p[j]];
-	    ARY_SET_LEN(result, r);
-	    rb_yield(result);
-	    if (RBASIC(values)->klass) {
+	for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+	    p[index] = i;
+	    if (!yield_indexed_values(values, r, p)) {
 		rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "repeated permute reentered");
 	    }
 	}
+	do {
+	    if (index <= 0) return;
+	} while ((i = ++p[--index]) >= n);
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_repeated_permutation_size(VALUE ary, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
+{
+    long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    long k = NUM2LONG(RARRAY_AREF(args, 0));
+
+    if (k < 0) {
+	return LONG2FIX(0);
+    }
+    if (n <= 0) {
+	return LONG2FIX(!k);
     }
+    return rb_int_positive_pow(n, (unsigned long)k);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.repeated_permutation(n) { |p| block } -> ary
- *     ary.repeated_permutation(n)               -> an_enumerator
- *
- * When invoked with a block, yield all repeated permutations of length
- * <i>n</i> of the elements of <i>ary</i>, then return the array itself.
- * The implementation makes no guarantees about the order in which
- * the repeated permutations are yielded.
- *
- * If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *     a = [1, 2]
- *     a.repeated_permutation(1).to_a  #=> [[1], [2]]
- *     a.repeated_permutation(2).to_a  #=> [[1,1],[1,2],[2,1],[2,2]]
- *     a.repeated_permutation(3).to_a  #=> [[1,1,1],[1,1,2],[1,2,1],[1,2,2],
- *                                     #    [2,1,1],[2,1,2],[2,2,1],[2,2,2]]
- *     a.repeated_permutation(0).to_a  #=> [[]] # one permutation of length 0
+ *    array.repeated_permutation(n) {|permutation| ... } -> self
+ *    array.repeated_permutation(n) -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Calls the block with each repeated permutation of length +n+ of the elements of +self+;
+ *  each permutation is an \Array;
+ *  returns +self+. The order of the permutations is indeterminate.
+ *
+ *  When a block and a positive \Integer argument +n+ are given, calls the block with each
+ *  +n+-tuple repeated permutation of the elements of +self+.
+ *  The number of permutations is <tt>self.size**n</tt>.
+ *
+ *  +n+ = 1:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.repeated_permutation(1) {|permutation| p permutation }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0]
+ *    [1]
+ *    [2]
+ *
+ *  +n+ = 2:
+ *    a.repeated_permutation(2) {|permutation| p permutation }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0, 0]
+ *    [0, 1]
+ *    [0, 2]
+ *    [1, 0]
+ *    [1, 1]
+ *    [1, 2]
+ *    [2, 0]
+ *    [2, 1]
+ *    [2, 2]
+ *
+ *  If +n+ is zero, calls the block once with an empty \Array.
+ *
+ *  If +n+ is negative, does not call the block:
+ *    a.repeated_permutation(-1) {|permutation| fail 'Cannot happen' }
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.repeated_permutation(2) # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1, 2]:permutation(2)>
+ *
+ *  Using Enumerators, it's convenient to show the permutations and counts
+ *  for some values of +n+:
+ *    e = a.repeated_permutation(0)
+ *    e.size # => 1
+ *    e.to_a # => [[]]
+ *    e = a.repeated_permutation(1)
+ *    e.size # => 3
+ *    e.to_a # => [[0], [1], [2]]
+ *    e = a.repeated_permutation(2)
+ *    e.size # => 9
+ *    e.to_a # => [[0, 0], [0, 1], [0, 2], [1, 0], [1, 1], [1, 2], [2, 0], [2, 1], [2, 2]]
  */
-
 static VALUE
 rb_ary_repeated_permutation(VALUE ary, VALUE num)
 {
     long r, n, i;
 
     n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);                  /* Array length */
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 1, &num);      /* Return enumerator if no block */
+    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 1, &num, rb_ary_repeated_permutation_size);      /* Return Enumerator if no block */
     r = NUM2LONG(num);                    /* Permutation size from argument */
 
     if (r < 0) {
@@ -4344,71 +6996,107 @@ rb_ary_repeated_permutation(VALUE ary, VALUE num)
     }
     else if (r == 1) { /* this is a special, easy case */
 	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	    rb_yield(rb_ary_new3(1, RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]));
+	    rb_yield(rb_ary_new3(1, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)));
 	}
     }
     else {             /* this is the general case */
-	volatile VALUE t0 = tmpbuf(r, sizeof(long));
-	long *p = (long*)RSTRING_PTR(t0);
+	volatile VALUE t0;
+	long *p = ALLOCV_N(long, t0, r);
 	VALUE ary0 = ary_make_shared_copy(ary); /* private defensive copy of ary */
-	RBASIC(ary0)->klass = 0;
+	RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(ary0);
 
-	rpermute0(n, r, p, 0, ary0); /* compute and yield repeated permutations */
-	tmpbuf_discard(t0);
-	RBASIC(ary0)->klass = rb_cArray;
+	rpermute0(n, r, p, ary0); /* compute and yield repeated permutations */
+	ALLOCV_END(t0);
+	RBASIC_SET_CLASS_RAW(ary0, rb_cArray);
     }
     return ary;
 }
 
 static void
-rcombinate0(long n, long r, long *p, long index, long rest, VALUE values)
+rcombinate0(const long n, const long r, long *const p, const long rest, const VALUE values)
 {
-    long j;
-    if (rest > 0) {
-	for (; index < n; ++index) {
-	    p[r-rest] = index;
-	    rcombinate0(n, r, p, index, rest-1, values);
+    long i = 0, index = 0;
+
+    p[index] = i;
+    for (;;) {
+	if (++index < r-1) {
+	    p[index] = i;
+	    continue;
 	}
-    }
-    else {
-	VALUE result = rb_ary_new2(r);
-	VALUE *result_array = RARRAY_PTR(result);
-	const VALUE *values_array = RARRAY_PTR(values);
-
-	for (j = 0; j < r; ++j) result_array[j] = values_array[p[j]];
-	ARY_SET_LEN(result, r);
-	rb_yield(result);
-	if (RBASIC(values)->klass) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "repeated combination reentered");
+	for (; i < n; ++i) {
+	    p[index] = i;
+	    if (!yield_indexed_values(values, r, p)) {
+		rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "repeated combination reentered");
+	    }
 	}
+	do {
+	    if (index <= 0) return;
+	} while ((i = ++p[--index]) >= n);
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_repeated_combination_size(VALUE ary, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
+{
+    long n = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    long k = NUM2LONG(RARRAY_AREF(args, 0));
+    if (k == 0) {
+	return LONG2FIX(1);
     }
+    return binomial_coefficient(k, n + k - 1);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.repeated_combination(n) { |c| block } -> ary
- *     ary.repeated_combination(n)               -> an_enumerator
- *
- * When invoked with a block, yields all repeated combinations of
- * length <i>n</i> of elements from <i>ary</i> and then returns
- * <i>ary</i> itself.
- * The implementation makes no guarantees about the order in which
- * the repeated combinations are yielded.
- *
- * If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- * Examples:
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3]
- *     a.repeated_combination(1).to_a  #=> [[1], [2], [3]]
- *     a.repeated_combination(2).to_a  #=> [[1,1],[1,2],[1,3],[2,2],[2,3],[3,3]]
- *     a.repeated_combination(3).to_a  #=> [[1,1,1],[1,1,2],[1,1,3],[1,2,2],[1,2,3],
- *                                     #    [1,3,3],[2,2,2],[2,2,3],[2,3,3],[3,3,3]]
- *     a.repeated_combination(4).to_a  #=> [[1,1,1,1],[1,1,1,2],[1,1,1,3],[1,1,2,2],[1,1,2,3],
- *                                     #    [1,1,3,3],[1,2,2,2],[1,2,2,3],[1,2,3,3],[1,3,3,3],
- *                                     #    [2,2,2,2],[2,2,2,3],[2,2,3,3],[2,3,3,3],[3,3,3,3]]
- *     a.repeated_combination(0).to_a  #=> [[]] # one combination of length 0
- *
+ *    array.repeated_combination(n) {|combination| ... } -> self
+ *    array.repeated_combination(n) -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Calls the block with each repeated combination of length +n+ of the elements of +self+;
+ *  each combination is an \Array;
+ *  returns +self+. The order of the combinations is indeterminate.
+ *
+ *  When a block and a positive \Integer argument +n+ are given, calls the block with each
+ *  +n+-tuple repeated combination of the elements of +self+.
+ *  The number of combinations is <tt>(n+1)(n+2)/2</tt>.
+ *
+ *  +n+ = 1:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.repeated_combination(1) {|combination| p combination }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0]
+ *    [1]
+ *    [2]
+ *
+ *  +n+ = 2:
+ *    a.repeated_combination(2) {|combination| p combination }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0, 0]
+ *    [0, 1]
+ *    [0, 2]
+ *    [1, 1]
+ *    [1, 2]
+ *    [2, 2]
+ *
+ *  If +n+ is zero, calls the block once with an empty \Array.
+ *
+ *  If +n+ is negative, does not call the block:
+ *    a.repeated_combination(-1) {|combination| fail 'Cannot happen' }
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Enumerator if no block given:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.repeated_combination(2) # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1, 2]:combination(2)>
+ *
+ *  Using Enumerators, it's convenient to show the combinations and counts
+ *  for some values of +n+:
+ *    e = a.repeated_combination(0)
+ *    e.size # => 1
+ *    e.to_a # => [[]]
+ *    e = a.repeated_combination(1)
+ *    e.size # => 3
+ *    e.to_a # => [[0], [1], [2]]
+ *    e = a.repeated_combination(2)
+ *    e.size # => 6
+ *    e.to_a # => [[0, 0], [0, 1], [0, 2], [1, 1], [1, 2], [2, 2]]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4417,7 +7105,7 @@ rb_ary_repeated_combination(VALUE ary, VALUE num)
     long n, i, len;
 
     n = NUM2LONG(num);                 /* Combination size from argument */
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 1, &num);   /* Return enumerator if no block */
+    RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ary, 1, &num, rb_ary_repeated_combination_size);   /* Return enumerator if no block */
     len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
     if (n < 0) {
 	/* yield nothing */
@@ -4426,44 +7114,73 @@ rb_ary_repeated_combination(VALUE ary, VALUE num)
 	rb_yield(rb_ary_new2(0));
     }
     else if (n == 1) {
-	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-	    rb_yield(rb_ary_new3(1, RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]));
+	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+	    rb_yield(rb_ary_new3(1, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)));
 	}
     }
     else if (len == 0) {
 	/* yield nothing */
     }
     else {
-	volatile VALUE t0 = tmpbuf(n, sizeof(long));
-	long *p = (long*)RSTRING_PTR(t0);
+	volatile VALUE t0;
+	long *p = ALLOCV_N(long, t0, n);
 	VALUE ary0 = ary_make_shared_copy(ary); /* private defensive copy of ary */
-	RBASIC(ary0)->klass = 0;
+	RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(ary0);
 
-	rcombinate0(len, n, p, 0, n, ary0); /* compute and yield repeated combinations */
-	tmpbuf_discard(t0);
-	RBASIC(ary0)->klass = rb_cArray;
+	rcombinate0(len, n, p, n, ary0); /* compute and yield repeated combinations */
+	ALLOCV_END(t0);
+	RBASIC_SET_CLASS_RAW(ary0, rb_cArray);
     }
     return ary;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.product(other_ary, ...)                -> new_ary
- *     ary.product(other_ary, ...) { |p| block }  -> ary
- *
- *  Returns an array of all combinations of elements from all arrays.
- *  The length of the returned array is the product of the length
- *  of +self+ and the argument arrays.
- *  If given a block, <i>product</i> will yield all combinations
- *  and return +self+ instead.
- *
- *
- *     [1,2,3].product([4,5])     #=> [[1,4],[1,5],[2,4],[2,5],[3,4],[3,5]]
- *     [1,2].product([1,2])       #=> [[1,1],[1,2],[2,1],[2,2]]
- *     [1,2].product([3,4],[5,6]) #=> [[1,3,5],[1,3,6],[1,4,5],[1,4,6],
- *                                #     [2,3,5],[2,3,6],[2,4,5],[2,4,6]]
- *     [1,2].product()            #=> [[1],[2]]
- *     [1,2].product([])          #=> []
+ *    array.product(*other_arrays) -> new_array
+ *    array.product(*other_arrays) {|combination| ... } -> self
+ *
+ *  Computes and returns or yields all combinations of elements from all the Arrays,
+ *  including both +self+ and +other_arrays+.
+ *  - The number of combinations is the product of the sizes of all the arrays,
+ *    including both +self+ and +other_arrays+.
+ *  - The order of the returned combinations is indeterminate.
+ *
+ *  When no block is given, returns the combinations as an \Array of Arrays:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a1 = [3, 4]
+ *    a2 = [5, 6]
+ *    p = a.product(a1)
+ *    p.size # => 6 # a.size * a1.size
+ *    p # => [[0, 3], [0, 4], [1, 3], [1, 4], [2, 3], [2, 4]]
+ *    p = a.product(a1, a2)
+ *    p.size # => 12 # a.size * a1.size * a2.size
+ *    p # => [[0, 3, 5], [0, 3, 6], [0, 4, 5], [0, 4, 6], [1, 3, 5], [1, 3, 6], [1, 4, 5], [1, 4, 6], [2, 3, 5], [2, 3, 6], [2, 4, 5], [2, 4, 6]]
+ *
+ *  If any argument is an empty \Array, returns an empty \Array.
+ *
+ *  If no argument is given, returns an \Array of 1-element Arrays,
+ *  each containing an element of +self+:
+ *    a.product # => [[0], [1], [2]]
+ *
+ *  When a block is given, yields each combination as an \Array; returns +self+:
+ *    a.product(a1) {|combination| p combination }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0, 3]
+ *    [0, 4]
+ *    [1, 3]
+ *    [1, 4]
+ *    [2, 3]
+ *    [2, 4]
+ *
+ *  If any argument is an empty \Array, does not call the block:
+ *    a.product(a1, a2, []) {|combination| fail 'Cannot happen' }
+ *
+ *  If no argument is given, yields each element of +self+ as a 1-element \Array:
+ *    a.product {|combination| p combination }
+ *  Output:
+ *    [0]
+ *    [1]
+ *    [2]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4471,15 +7188,14 @@ rb_ary_product(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 {
     int n = argc+1;    /* How many arrays we're operating on */
     volatile VALUE t0 = tmpary(n);
-    volatile VALUE t1 = tmpbuf(n, sizeof(int));
+    volatile VALUE t1 = Qundef;
     VALUE *arrays = RARRAY_PTR(t0); /* The arrays we're computing the product of */
-    int *counters = (int*)RSTRING_PTR(t1); /* The current position in each one */
+    int *counters = ALLOCV_N(int, t1, n); /* The current position in each one */
     VALUE result = Qnil;      /* The array we'll be returning, when no block given */
     long i,j;
     long resultlen = 1;
 
-    RBASIC(t0)->klass = 0;
-    RBASIC(t1)->klass = 0;
+    RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(t0);
 
     /* initialize the arrays of arrays */
     ARY_SET_LEN(t0, n);
@@ -4501,15 +7217,14 @@ rb_ary_product(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     else {
 	/* Compute the length of the result array; return [] if any is empty */
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-	    long k = RARRAY_LEN(arrays[i]), l = resultlen;
+	    long k = RARRAY_LEN(arrays[i]);
 	    if (k == 0) {
 		result = rb_ary_new2(0);
 		goto done;
 	    }
-	    resultlen *= k;
-	    if (resultlen < k || resultlen < l || resultlen / k != l) {
+            if (MUL_OVERFLOW_LONG_P(resultlen, k))
 		rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "too big to product");
-	    }
+	    resultlen *= k;
 	}
 	result = rb_ary_new2(resultlen);
     }
@@ -4522,7 +7237,7 @@ rb_ary_product(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
 	}
 
 	/* put it on the result array */
-	if(NIL_P(result)) {
+	if (NIL_P(result)) {
 	    FL_SET(t0, FL_USER5);
 	    rb_yield(subarray);
 	    if (! FL_TEST(t0, FL_USER5)) {
@@ -4551,20 +7266,25 @@ rb_ary_product(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
     }
 done:
     tmpary_discard(t0);
-    tmpbuf_discard(t1);
+    ALLOCV_END(t1);
 
     return NIL_P(result) ? ary : result;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.take(n)               -> new_ary
- *
- *  Returns first n elements from <i>ary</i>.
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.take(3)             #=> [1, 2, 3]
- *
+ *    array.take(n) -> new_array
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing the first +n+ element of +self+,
+ *  where +n+ is a non-negative \Integer;
+ *  does not modify +self+.
+ *
+ *  Examples:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a.take(1) # => [0]
+ *    a.take(2) # => [0, 1]
+ *    a.take(50) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4579,17 +7299,22 @@ rb_ary_take(VALUE obj, VALUE n)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.take_while {|arr| block }   -> new_ary
- *     ary.take_while                  -> an_enumerator
- *
- *  Passes elements to the block until the block returns +nil+ or +false+,
- *  then stops iterating and returns an array of all prior elements.
- *
- *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.take_while {|i| i < 3 }   #=> [1, 2]
- *
+ *    array.take_while {|element| ... } -> new_array
+ *    array.take_while -> new_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing zero or more leading elements of +self+;
+ *  does not modify +self+.
+ *
+ *  With a block given, calls the block with each successive element of +self+;
+ *  stops if the block returns +false+ or +nil+;
+ *  returns a new Array containing those elements for which the block returned a truthy value:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a.take_while {|element| element < 3 } # => [0, 1, 2]
+ *    a.take_while {|element| true } # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *
+ *  With no block given, returns a new \Enumerator:
+ *    [0, 1].take_while # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1]:take_while>
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4599,21 +7324,24 @@ rb_ary_take_while(VALUE ary)
 
     RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	if (!RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]))) break;
+	if (!RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) break;
     }
     return rb_ary_take(ary, LONG2FIX(i));
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.drop(n)               -> new_ary
- *
- *  Drops first n elements from +ary+ and returns the rest of
- *  the elements in an array.
+ *    array.drop(n) -> new_array
  *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.drop(3)             #=> [4, 5, 0]
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing all but the first +n+ element of +self+,
+ *  where +n+ is a non-negative \Integer;
+ *  does not modify +self+.
  *
+ *  Examples:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a.drop(0) # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a.drop(1) # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a.drop(2) # => [2, 3, 4, 5]
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4632,18 +7360,20 @@ rb_ary_drop(VALUE ary, VALUE n)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     ary.drop_while {|arr| block }   -> new_ary
- *     ary.drop_while                  -> an_enumerator
- *
- *  Drops elements up to, but not including, the first element for
- *  which the block returns +nil+ or +false+ and returns an array
- *  containing the remaining elements.
- *
- *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
+ *    array.drop_while {|element| ... } -> new_array
+ *    array.drop_while -> new_enumerator
+
+ *  Returns a new \Array containing zero or more trailing elements of +self+;
+ *  does not modify +self+.
  *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.drop_while {|i| i < 3 }   #=> [3, 4, 5, 0]
+ *  With a block given, calls the block with each successive element of +self+;
+ *  stops if the block returns +false+ or +nil+;
+ *  returns a new Array _omitting_ those elements for which the block returned a truthy value:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    a.drop_while {|element| element < 3 } # => [3, 4, 5]
  *
+ *  With no block given, returns a new \Enumerator:
+ *    [0, 1].drop_while # => # => #<Enumerator: [0, 1]:drop_while>
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4653,30 +7383,708 @@ rb_ary_drop_while(VALUE ary)
 
     RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	if (!RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]))) break;
+	if (!RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) break;
     }
     return rb_ary_drop(ary, LONG2FIX(i));
 }
 
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.any? -> true or false
+ *    array.any? {|element| ... } -> true or false
+ *    array.any?(obj) -> true or false
+ *
+ *  Returns +true+ if any element of +self+ meets a given criterion.
+ *
+ *  With no block given and no argument, returns +true+ if +self+ has any truthy element,
+ *  +false+ otherwise:
+ *    [nil, 0, false].any? # => true
+ *    [nil, false].any? # => false
+ *    [].any? # => false
+ *
+ *  With a block given and no argument, calls the block with each element in +self+;
+ *  returns +true+ if the block returns any truthy value, +false+ otherwise:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].any? {|element| element > 1 } # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].any? {|element| element > 2 } # => false
+ *
+ *  If argument +obj+ is given, returns +true+ if +obj+.<tt>===</tt> any element,
+ *  +false+ otherwise:
+ *    ['food', 'drink'].any?(/foo/) # => true
+ *    ['food', 'drink'].any?(/bar/) # => false
+ *    [].any?(/foo/) # => false
+ *    [0, 1, 2].any?(1) # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].any?(3) # => false
+ *
+ *  Related: Enumerable#any?
+ */
 
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_any_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    long i, len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
 
-/* Arrays are ordered, integer-indexed collections of any object.
- * Array indexing starts at 0, as in C or Java.  A negative index is
- * assumed to be relative to the end of the array---that is, an index of -1
- * indicates the last element of the array, -2 is the next to last
- * element in the array, and so on.
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
+    if (!len) return Qfalse;
+    if (argc) {
+        if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+            rb_warn("given block not used");
+        }
+	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+	    if (RTEST(rb_funcall(argv[0], idEqq, 1, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) return Qtrue;
+	}
+    }
+    else if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
+        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            if (RTEST(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i))) return Qtrue;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+	    if (RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) return Qtrue;
+	}
+    }
+    return Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.all? -> true or false
+ *    array.all? {|element| ... } -> true or false
+ *    array.all?(obj) -> true or false
+ *
+ *  Returns +true+ if all elements of +self+ meet a given criterion.
+ *
+ *  With no block given and no argument, returns +true+ if +self+ contains only truthy elements,
+ *  +false+ otherwise:
+ *    [0, 1, :foo].all? # => true
+ *    [0, nil, 2].all? # => false
+ *    [].all? # => true
+ *
+ *  With a block given and no argument, calls the block with each element in +self+;
+ *  returns +true+ if the block returns only truthy values, +false+ otherwise:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].all? { |element| element < 3 } # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].all? { |element| element < 2 } # => false
+ *
+ *  If argument +obj+ is given, returns +true+ if <tt>obj.===</tt> every element, +false+ otherwise:
+ *    ['food', 'fool', 'foot'].all?(/foo/) # => true
+ *    ['food', 'drink'].all?(/bar/) # => false
+ *    [].all?(/foo/) # => true
+ *    [0, 0, 0].all?(0) # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].all?(1) # => false
+ *
+ *  Related: Enumerable#all?
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_all_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    long i, len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
+    if (!len) return Qtrue;
+    if (argc) {
+        if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+            rb_warn("given block not used");
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+            if (!RTEST(rb_funcall(argv[0], idEqq, 1, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) return Qfalse;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
+        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            if (!RTEST(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i))) return Qfalse;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+            if (!RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) return Qfalse;
+        }
+    }
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.none? -> true or false
+ *    array.none? {|element| ... } -> true or false
+ *    array.none?(obj) -> true or false
+ *
+ *  Returns +true+ if no element of +self+ meet a given criterion.
+ *
+ *  With no block given and no argument, returns +true+ if +self+ has no truthy elements,
+ *  +false+ otherwise:
+ *    [nil, false].none? # => true
+ *    [nil, 0, false].none? # => false
+ *    [].none? # => true
+ *
+ *  With a block given and no argument, calls the block with each element in +self+;
+ *  returns +true+ if the block returns no truthy value, +false+ otherwise:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].none? {|element| element > 3 } # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].none? {|element| element > 1 } # => false
+ *
+ *  If argument +obj+ is given, returns +true+ if <tt>obj.===</tt> no element, +false+ otherwise:
+ *    ['food', 'drink'].none?(/bar/) # => true
+ *    ['food', 'drink'].none?(/foo/) # => false
+ *    [].none?(/foo/) # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].none?(3) # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].none?(1) # => false
+ *
+ *  Related: Enumerable#none?
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_none_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    long i, len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
+    if (!len) return Qtrue;
+    if (argc) {
+        if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+            rb_warn("given block not used");
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+            if (RTEST(rb_funcall(argv[0], idEqq, 1, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) return Qfalse;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
+        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            if (RTEST(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i))) return Qfalse;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+            if (RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) return Qfalse;
+        }
+    }
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.one? -> true or false
+ *    array.one? {|element| ... } -> true or false
+ *    array.one?(obj) -> true or false
+ *
+ *  Returns +true+ if exactly one element of +self+ meets a given criterion.
+ *
+ *  With no block given and no argument, returns +true+ if +self+ has exactly one truthy element,
+ *  +false+ otherwise:
+ *    [nil, 0].one? # => true
+ *    [0, 0].one? # => false
+ *    [nil, nil].one? # => false
+ *    [].one? # => false
+ *
+ *  With a block given and no argument, calls the block with each element in +self+;
+ *  returns +true+ if the block a truthy value for exactly one element, +false+ otherwise:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].one? {|element| element > 0 } # => false
+ *    [0, 1, 2].one? {|element| element > 1 } # => true
+ *    [0, 1, 2].one? {|element| element > 2 } # => false
+ *
+ *  If argument +obj+ is given, returns +true+ if <tt>obj.===</tt> exactly one element,
+ *  +false+ otherwise:
+ *    [0, 1, 2].one?(0) # => true
+ *    [0, 0, 1].one?(0) # => false
+ *    [1, 1, 2].one?(0) # => false
+ *    ['food', 'drink'].one?(/bar/) # => false
+ *    ['food', 'drink'].one?(/foo/) # => true
+ *    [].one?(/foo/) # => false
+ *
+ *  Related: Enumerable#one?
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_one_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    long i, len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+    VALUE result = Qfalse;
+
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
+    if (!len) return Qfalse;
+    if (argc) {
+        if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+            rb_warn("given block not used");
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+            if (RTEST(rb_funcall(argv[0], idEqq, 1, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) {
+                if (result) return Qfalse;
+                result = Qtrue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
+        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            if (RTEST(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i))) {
+                if (result) return Qfalse;
+                result = Qtrue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); ++i) {
+            if (RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i)))) {
+                if (result) return Qfalse;
+                result = Qtrue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    array.dig(index, *identifiers) -> object
+ *
+ *  Finds and returns the object in nested objects
+ *  that is specified by +index+ and +identifiers+.
+ *  The nested objects may be instances of various classes.
+ *  See {Dig Methods}[rdoc-ref:doc/dig_methods.rdoc].
+ *
+ *  Examples:
+ *    a = [:foo, [:bar, :baz, [:bat, :bam]]]
+ *    a.dig(1) # => [:bar, :baz, [:bat, :bam]]
+ *    a.dig(1, 2) # => [:bat, :bam]
+ *    a.dig(1, 2, 0) # => :bat
+ *    a.dig(1, 2, 3) # => nil
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_dig(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 1, UNLIMITED_ARGUMENTS);
+    self = rb_ary_at(self, *argv);
+    if (!--argc) return self;
+    ++argv;
+    return rb_obj_dig(argc, argv, self, Qnil);
+}
+
+static inline VALUE
+finish_exact_sum(long n, VALUE r, VALUE v, int z)
+{
+    if (n != 0)
+        v = rb_fix_plus(LONG2FIX(n), v);
+    if (r != Qundef) {
+        v = rb_rational_plus(r, v);
+    }
+    else if (!n && z) {
+        v = rb_fix_plus(LONG2FIX(0), v);
+    }
+    return v;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   array.sum(init = 0) -> object
+ *   array.sum(init = 0) {|element| ... } -> object
+ *
+ *  When no block is given, returns the object equivalent to:
+ *    sum = init
+ *    array.each {|element| sum += element }
+ *    sum
+ *  For example, <tt>[e1, e2, e3].sum</tt> returns </tt>init + e1 + e2 + e3</tt>.
+ *
+ *  Examples:
+ *    a = [0, 1, 2, 3]
+ *    a.sum # => 6
+ *    a.sum(100) # => 106
+ *
+ *  The elements need not be numeric, but must be <tt>+</tt>-compatible
+ *  with each other and with +init+:
+ *    a = ['abc', 'def', 'ghi']
+ *    a.sum('jkl') # => "jklabcdefghi"
+ *
+ *  When a block is given, it is called with each element
+ *  and the block's return value (instead of the element itself) is used as the addend:
+ *    a = ['zero', 1, :two]
+ *    s = a.sum('Coerced and concatenated: ') {|element| element.to_s }
+ *    s # => "Coerced and concatenated: zero1two"
+ *
+ *  Notes:
+ *  - Array#join and Array#flatten may be faster than Array#sum
+ *    for an \Array of Strings or an \Array of Arrays.
+ *  - Array#sum method may not respect method redefinition of "+" methods such as Integer#+.
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_sum(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE ary)
+{
+    VALUE e, v, r;
+    long i, n;
+    int block_given;
+
+    v = (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) ? argv[0] : LONG2FIX(0));
+
+    block_given = rb_block_given_p();
+
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0)
+        return v;
+
+    n = 0;
+    r = Qundef;
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+        e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+        if (block_given)
+            e = rb_yield(e);
+        if (FIXNUM_P(e)) {
+            n += FIX2LONG(e); /* should not overflow long type */
+            if (!FIXABLE(n)) {
+                v = rb_big_plus(LONG2NUM(n), v);
+                n = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (RB_TYPE_P(e, T_BIGNUM))
+            v = rb_big_plus(e, v);
+        else if (RB_TYPE_P(e, T_RATIONAL)) {
+            if (r == Qundef)
+                r = e;
+            else
+                r = rb_rational_plus(r, e);
+        }
+        else
+            goto not_exact;
+    }
+    v = finish_exact_sum(n, r, v, argc!=0);
+    return v;
+
+  not_exact:
+    v = finish_exact_sum(n, r, v, i!=0);
+
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(e)) {
+        /*
+         * Kahan-Babuska balancing compensated summation algorithm
+         * See https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00607-005-0139-x
+         */
+        double f, c;
+        double x, t;
+
+        f = NUM2DBL(v);
+        c = 0.0;
+        goto has_float_value;
+        for (; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+            e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+            if (block_given)
+                e = rb_yield(e);
+            if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(e))
+              has_float_value:
+                x = RFLOAT_VALUE(e);
+            else if (FIXNUM_P(e))
+                x = FIX2LONG(e);
+            else if (RB_TYPE_P(e, T_BIGNUM))
+                x = rb_big2dbl(e);
+            else if (RB_TYPE_P(e, T_RATIONAL))
+                x = rb_num2dbl(e);
+            else
+                goto not_float;
+
+            if (isnan(f)) continue;
+            if (isnan(x)) {
+                f = x;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (isinf(x)) {
+                if (isinf(f) && signbit(x) != signbit(f))
+                    f = NAN;
+                else
+                    f = x;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (isinf(f)) continue;
+
+            t = f + x;
+            if (fabs(f) >= fabs(x))
+                c += ((f - t) + x);
+            else
+                c += ((x - t) + f);
+            f = t;
+        }
+        f += c;
+        return DBL2NUM(f);
+
+      not_float:
+        v = DBL2NUM(f);
+    }
+
+    goto has_some_value;
+    for (; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+        e = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+        if (block_given)
+            e = rb_yield(e);
+      has_some_value:
+        v = rb_funcall(v, idPLUS, 1, e);
+    }
+    return v;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_deconstruct(VALUE ary)
+{
+    return ary;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  An \Array is an ordered, integer-indexed collection of objects,
+ *  called _elements_.  Any object may be an \Array element.
+ *
+ *  == \Array Indexes
+ *
+ *  \Array indexing starts at 0, as in C or Java.
+ *
+ *  A positive index is an offset from the first element:
+ *  - Index 0 indicates the first element.
+ *  - Index 1 indicates the second element.
+ *  - ...
+ *
+ *  A negative index is an offset, backwards, from the end of the array:
+ *  - Index -1 indicates the last element.
+ *  - Index -2 indicates the next-to-last element.
+ *  - ...
+ *
+ *  A non-negative index is <i>in range</i> if it is smaller than
+ *  the size of the array.  For a 3-element array:
+ *  - Indexes 0 through 2 are in range.
+ *  - Index 3 is out of range.
+ *
+ *  A negative index is <i>in range</i> if its absolute value is
+ *  not larger than the size of the array.  For a 3-element array:
+ *  - Indexes -1 through -3 are in range.
+ *  - Index -4 is out of range.
+ *
+ *  == Creating Arrays
+ *
+ *  A new array can be created by using the literal constructor
+ *  <code>[]</code>.  Arrays can contain different types of objects.  For
+ *  example, the array below contains an Integer, a String and a Float:
+ *
+ *     ary = [1, "two", 3.0] #=> [1, "two", 3.0]
+ *
+ *  An array can also be created by explicitly calling Array.new with zero, one
+ *  (the initial size of the Array) or two arguments (the initial size and a
+ *  default object).
+ *
+ *     ary = Array.new    #=> []
+ *     Array.new(3)       #=> [nil, nil, nil]
+ *     Array.new(3, true) #=> [true, true, true]
+ *
+ *  Note that the second argument populates the array with references to the
+ *  same object.  Therefore, it is only recommended in cases when you need to
+ *  instantiate arrays with natively immutable objects such as Symbols,
+ *  numbers, true or false.
+ *
+ *  To create an array with separate objects a block can be passed instead.
+ *  This method is safe to use with mutable objects such as hashes, strings or
+ *  other arrays:
+ *
+ *     Array.new(4) {Hash.new}    #=> [{}, {}, {}, {}]
+ *     Array.new(4) {|i| i.to_s } #=> ["0", "1", "2", "3"]
+ *
+ *  This is also a quick way to build up multi-dimensional arrays:
+ *
+ *     empty_table = Array.new(3) {Array.new(3)}
+ *     #=> [[nil, nil, nil], [nil, nil, nil], [nil, nil, nil]]
+ *
+ *  An array can also be created by using the Array() method, provided by
+ *  Kernel, which tries to call #to_ary, then #to_a on its argument.
+ *
+ *	Array({:a => "a", :b => "b"}) #=> [[:a, "a"], [:b, "b"]]
+ *
+ *  == Example Usage
+ *
+ *  In addition to the methods it mixes in through the Enumerable module, the
+ *  Array class has proprietary methods for accessing, searching and otherwise
+ *  manipulating arrays.
+ *
+ *  Some of the more common ones are illustrated below.
+ *
+ *  == Accessing Elements
+ *
+ *  Elements in an array can be retrieved using the Array#[] method.  It can
+ *  take a single integer argument (a numeric index), a pair of arguments
+ *  (start and length) or a range. Negative indices start counting from the end,
+ *  with -1 being the last element.
+ *
+ *     arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+ *     arr[2]    #=> 3
+ *     arr[100]  #=> nil
+ *     arr[-3]   #=> 4
+ *     arr[2, 3] #=> [3, 4, 5]
+ *     arr[1..4] #=> [2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *     arr[1..-3] #=> [2, 3, 4]
+ *
+ *  Another way to access a particular array element is by using the #at method
+ *
+ *     arr.at(0) #=> 1
+ *
+ *  The #slice method works in an identical manner to Array#[].
+ *
+ *  To raise an error for indices outside of the array bounds or else to
+ *  provide a default value when that happens, you can use #fetch.
+ *
+ *     arr = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']
+ *     arr.fetch(100) #=> IndexError: index 100 outside of array bounds: -6...6
+ *     arr.fetch(100, "oops") #=> "oops"
+ *
+ *  The special methods #first and #last will return the first and last
+ *  elements of an array, respectively.
+ *
+ *     arr.first #=> 1
+ *     arr.last  #=> 6
+ *
+ *  To return the first +n+ elements of an array, use #take
+ *
+ *     arr.take(3) #=> [1, 2, 3]
+ *
+ *  #drop does the opposite of #take, by returning the elements after +n+
+ *  elements have been dropped:
+ *
+ *     arr.drop(3) #=> [4, 5, 6]
+ *
+ *  == Obtaining Information about an Array
+ *
+ *  Arrays keep track of their own length at all times.  To query an array
+ *  about the number of elements it contains, use #length, #count or #size.
+ *
+ *    browsers = ['Chrome', 'Firefox', 'Safari', 'Opera', 'IE']
+ *    browsers.length #=> 5
+ *    browsers.count #=> 5
+ *
+ *  To check whether an array contains any elements at all
+ *
+ *    browsers.empty? #=> false
+ *
+ *  To check whether a particular item is included in the array
+ *
+ *    browsers.include?('Konqueror') #=> false
+ *
+ *  == Adding Items to Arrays
+ *
+ *  Items can be added to the end of an array by using either #push or #<<
+ *
+ *    arr = [1, 2, 3, 4]
+ *    arr.push(5) #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *    arr << 6    #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+ *
+ *  #unshift will add a new item to the beginning of an array.
+ *
+ *     arr.unshift(0) #=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+ *
+ *  With #insert you can add a new element to an array at any position.
+ *
+ *     arr.insert(3, 'apple')  #=> [0, 1, 2, 'apple', 3, 4, 5, 6]
+ *
+ *  Using the #insert method, you can also insert multiple values at once:
+ *
+ *     arr.insert(3, 'orange', 'pear', 'grapefruit')
+ *     #=> [0, 1, 2, "orange", "pear", "grapefruit", "apple", 3, 4, 5, 6]
+ *
+ *  == Removing Items from an Array
+ *
+ *  The method #pop removes the last element in an array and returns it:
+ *
+ *     arr =  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+ *     arr.pop #=> 6
+ *     arr #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *
+ *  To retrieve and at the same time remove the first item, use #shift:
+ *
+ *     arr.shift #=> 1
+ *     arr #=> [2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *
+ *  To delete an element at a particular index:
+ *
+ *     arr.delete_at(2) #=> 4
+ *     arr #=> [2, 3, 5]
+ *
+ *  To delete a particular element anywhere in an array, use #delete:
+ *
+ *     arr = [1, 2, 2, 3]
+ *     arr.delete(2) #=> 2
+ *     arr #=> [1,3]
+ *
+ *  A useful method if you need to remove +nil+ values from an array is
+ *  #compact:
+ *
+ *     arr = ['foo', 0, nil, 'bar', 7, 'baz', nil]
+ *     arr.compact  #=> ['foo', 0, 'bar', 7, 'baz']
+ *     arr          #=> ['foo', 0, nil, 'bar', 7, 'baz', nil]
+ *     arr.compact! #=> ['foo', 0, 'bar', 7, 'baz']
+ *     arr          #=> ['foo', 0, 'bar', 7, 'baz']
+ *
+ *  Another common need is to remove duplicate elements from an array.
+ *
+ *  It has the non-destructive #uniq, and destructive method #uniq!
+ *
+ *     arr = [2, 5, 6, 556, 6, 6, 8, 9, 0, 123, 556]
+ *     arr.uniq #=> [2, 5, 6, 556, 8, 9, 0, 123]
+ *
+ *  == Iterating over Arrays
+ *
+ *  Like all classes that include the Enumerable module, Array has an each
+ *  method, which defines what elements should be iterated over and how.  In
+ *  case of Array's #each, all elements in the Array instance are yielded to
+ *  the supplied block in sequence.
+ *
+ *  Note that this operation leaves the array unchanged.
+ *
+ *     arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *     arr.each {|a| print a -= 10, " "}
+ *     # prints: -9 -8 -7 -6 -5
+ *     #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *
+ *  Another sometimes useful iterator is #reverse_each which will iterate over
+ *  the elements in the array in reverse order.
+ *
+ *     words = %w[first second third fourth fifth sixth]
+ *     str = ""
+ *     words.reverse_each {|word| str += "#{word} "}
+ *     p str #=> "sixth fifth fourth third second first "
+ *
+ *  The #map method can be used to create a new array based on the original
+ *  array, but with the values modified by the supplied block:
+ *
+ *     arr.map {|a| 2*a}     #=> [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
+ *     arr                   #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ *     arr.map! {|a| a**2}   #=> [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
+ *     arr                   #=> [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
+ *
+ *  == Selecting Items from an Array
+ *
+ *  Elements can be selected from an array according to criteria defined in a
+ *  block.  The selection can happen in a destructive or a non-destructive
+ *  manner.  While the destructive operations will modify the array they were
+ *  called on, the non-destructive methods usually return a new array with the
+ *  selected elements, but leave the original array unchanged.
+ *
+ *  === Non-destructive Selection
+ *
+ *     arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+ *     arr.select {|a| a > 3}       #=> [4, 5, 6]
+ *     arr.reject {|a| a < 3}       #=> [3, 4, 5, 6]
+ *     arr.drop_while {|a| a < 4}   #=> [4, 5, 6]
+ *     arr                          #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+ *
+ *  === Destructive Selection
+ *
+ *  #select! and #reject! are the corresponding destructive methods to #select
+ *  and #reject
+ *
+ *  Similar to #select vs. #reject, #delete_if and #keep_if have the exact
+ *  opposite result when supplied with the same block:
+ *
+ *     arr.delete_if {|a| a < 4}   #=> [4, 5, 6]
+ *     arr                         #=> [4, 5, 6]
+ *
+ *     arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+ *     arr.keep_if {|a| a < 4}   #=> [1, 2, 3]
+ *     arr                       #=> [1, 2, 3]
  */
 
 void
 Init_Array(void)
 {
-#undef rb_intern
-#define rb_intern(str) rb_intern_const(str)
-
     rb_cArray  = rb_define_class("Array", rb_cObject);
     rb_include_module(rb_cArray, rb_mEnumerable);
 
-    rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cArray, ary_alloc);
+    rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cArray, empty_ary_alloc);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cArray, "[]", rb_ary_s_create, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cArray, "try_convert", rb_ary_s_try_convert, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "initialize", rb_ary_initialize, -1);
@@ -4685,8 +8093,8 @@ Init_Array(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "inspect", rb_ary_inspect, 0);
     rb_define_alias(rb_cArray,  "to_s", "inspect");
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "to_a", rb_ary_to_a, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "to_h", rb_ary_to_h, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "to_ary", rb_ary_to_ary_m, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "frozen?",  rb_ary_frozen_p, 0);
 
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "==", rb_ary_equal, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "eql?", rb_ary_eql, 1);
@@ -4698,18 +8106,23 @@ Init_Array(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "fetch", rb_ary_fetch, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "first", rb_ary_first, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "last", rb_ary_last, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "concat", rb_ary_concat, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "concat", rb_ary_concat_multi, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "union", rb_ary_union_multi, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "difference", rb_ary_difference_multi, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "intersection", rb_ary_intersection_multi, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "<<", rb_ary_push, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "push", rb_ary_push_m, -1);
+    rb_define_alias(rb_cArray,  "append", "push");
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "pop", rb_ary_pop_m, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "shift", rb_ary_shift_m, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "unshift", rb_ary_unshift_m, -1);
+    rb_define_alias(rb_cArray,  "prepend", "unshift");
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "insert", rb_ary_insert, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "each", rb_ary_each, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "each_index", rb_ary_each_index, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "reverse_each", rb_ary_reverse_each, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "length", rb_ary_length, 0);
-    rb_define_alias(rb_cArray,  "size", "length");
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "size", rb_ary_length, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "empty?", rb_ary_empty_p, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "find_index", rb_ary_index, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "index", rb_ary_index, -1);
@@ -4728,6 +8141,8 @@ Init_Array(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "map!", rb_ary_collect_bang, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "select", rb_ary_select, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "select!", rb_ary_select_bang, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "filter", rb_ary_select, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "filter!", rb_ary_select_bang, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "keep_if", rb_ary_keep_if, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "values_at", rb_ary_values_at, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "delete", rb_ary_delete, 1);
@@ -4756,6 +8171,10 @@ Init_Array(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "&", rb_ary_and, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "|", rb_ary_or, 1);
 
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "max", rb_ary_max, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "min", rb_ary_min, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "minmax", rb_ary_minmax, 0);
+
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "uniq", rb_ary_uniq, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "uniq!", rb_ary_uniq_bang, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "compact", rb_ary_compact, 0);
@@ -4763,9 +8182,6 @@ Init_Array(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "flatten", rb_ary_flatten, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "flatten!", rb_ary_flatten_bang, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "count", rb_ary_count, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "shuffle!", rb_ary_shuffle_bang, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "shuffle", rb_ary_shuffle, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "sample", rb_ary_sample, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "cycle", rb_ary_cycle, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "permutation", rb_ary_permutation, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "combination", rb_ary_combination, 1);
@@ -4777,7 +8193,16 @@ Init_Array(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "take_while", rb_ary_take_while, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "drop", rb_ary_drop, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "drop_while", rb_ary_drop_while, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "bsearch", rb_ary_bsearch, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "bsearch_index", rb_ary_bsearch_index, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "any?", rb_ary_any_p, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "all?", rb_ary_all_p, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "none?", rb_ary_none_p, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "one?", rb_ary_one_p, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "dig", rb_ary_dig, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "sum", rb_ary_sum, -1);
 
-    id_cmp = rb_intern("<=>");
-    sym_random = ID2SYM(rb_intern("random"));
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "deconstruct", rb_ary_deconstruct, 0);
 }
+
+#include "array.rbinc"
diff --git a/array.rb b/array.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a43a3b27b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/array.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+class Array
+  # call-seq:
+  #    array.shuffle!(random: Random) -> array
+  #
+  # Shuffles the elements of +self+ in place.
+  #    a = [1, 2, 3] #=> [1, 2, 3]
+  #    a.shuffle!    #=> [2, 3, 1]
+  #    a             #=> [2, 3, 1]
+  #
+  # The optional +random+ argument will be used as the random number generator:
+  #    a.shuffle!(random: Random.new(1))  #=> [1, 3, 2]
+  def shuffle!(random: Random)
+    Primitive.rb_ary_shuffle_bang(random)
+  end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #    array.shuffle(random: Random) -> new_ary
+  #
+  # Returns a new array with elements of +self+ shuffled.
+  #    a = [1, 2, 3] #=> [1, 2, 3]
+  #    a.shuffle     #=> [2, 3, 1]
+  #    a             #=> [1, 2, 3]
+  #
+  # The optional +random+ argument will be used as the random number generator:
+  #    a.shuffle(random: Random.new(1))  #=> [1, 3, 2]
+  def shuffle(random: Random)
+    Primitive.rb_ary_shuffle(random)
+  end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #    array.sample(random: Random) -> object
+  #    array.sample(n, random: Random) -> new_ary
+  #
+  # Returns random elements from +self+.
+  #
+  # When no arguments are given, returns a random element from +self+:
+  #    a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
+  #    a.sample # => 3
+  #    a.sample # => 8
+  # If +self+ is empty, returns +nil+.
+  #
+  # When argument +n+ is given, returns a new \Array containing +n+ random
+  # elements from +self+:
+  #    a.sample(3) # => [8, 9, 2]
+  #    a.sample(6) # => [9, 6, 10, 3, 1, 4]
+  # Returns no more than <tt>a.size</tt> elements
+  # (because no new duplicates are introduced):
+  #    a.sample(a.size * 2) # => [6, 4, 1, 8, 5, 9, 10, 2, 3, 7]
+  # But +self+ may contain duplicates:
+  #    a = [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3]
+  #    a.sample(a.size * 2) # => [1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2]
+  # Returns a new empty \Array if +self+ is empty.
+  #
+  # The optional +random+ argument will be used as the random number generator:
+  #    a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
+  #    a.sample(random: Random.new(1))     #=> 6
+  #    a.sample(4, random: Random.new(1))  #=> [6, 10, 9, 2]
+  def sample(n = (ary = false), random: Random)
+    Primitive.rb_ary_sample(random, n, ary)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/ast.c b/ast.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2af0b3e530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ast.c
@@ -0,0 +1,699 @@
+/* indent-tabs-mode: nil */
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/parse.h"
+#include "internal/symbol.h"
+#include "internal/warnings.h"
+#include "iseq.h"
+#include "node.h"
+#include "ruby.h"
+#include "ruby/encoding.h"
+#include "ruby/util.h"
+#include "vm_core.h"
+
+#include "builtin.h"
+
+static VALUE rb_mAST;
+static VALUE rb_cNode;
+
+struct ASTNodeData {
+    rb_ast_t *ast;
+    const NODE *node;
+};
+
+static void
+node_gc_mark(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data = (struct ASTNodeData *)ptr;
+    rb_gc_mark((VALUE)data->ast);
+}
+
+static size_t
+node_memsize(const void *ptr)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data = (struct ASTNodeData *)ptr;
+    return rb_ast_memsize(data->ast);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t rb_node_type = {
+    "AST/node",
+    {node_gc_mark, RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE, node_memsize,},
+    0, 0,
+    RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY,
+};
+
+static VALUE rb_ast_node_alloc(VALUE klass);
+
+static void
+setup_node(VALUE obj, rb_ast_t *ast, const NODE *node)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(obj, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+    data->ast = ast;
+    data->node = node;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_new_internal(rb_ast_t *ast, const NODE *node)
+{
+    VALUE obj;
+
+    obj = rb_ast_node_alloc(rb_cNode);
+    setup_node(obj, ast, node);
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_ast_parse_str(VALUE str);
+static VALUE rb_ast_parse_file(VALUE path);
+static VALUE rb_ast_parse_array(VALUE array);
+
+static VALUE
+ast_parse_new(void)
+{
+    return rb_parser_set_context(rb_parser_new(), NULL, 0);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_parse_done(rb_ast_t *ast)
+{
+    if (!ast->body.root) {
+        rb_ast_dispose(ast);
+        rb_exc_raise(GET_EC()->errinfo);
+    }
+
+    return ast_new_internal(ast, (NODE *)ast->body.root);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_s_parse(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE module, VALUE str)
+{
+    return rb_ast_parse_str(str);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ast_parse_str(VALUE str)
+{
+    rb_ast_t *ast = 0;
+
+    StringValue(str);
+    ast = rb_parser_compile_string_path(ast_parse_new(), Qnil, str, 1);
+    return ast_parse_done(ast);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_s_parse_file(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE module, VALUE path)
+{
+    return rb_ast_parse_file(path);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ast_parse_file(VALUE path)
+{
+    VALUE f;
+    rb_ast_t *ast = 0;
+    rb_encoding *enc = rb_utf8_encoding();
+
+    FilePathValue(path);
+    f = rb_file_open_str(path, "r");
+    rb_funcall(f, rb_intern("set_encoding"), 2, rb_enc_from_encoding(enc), rb_str_new_cstr("-"));
+    ast = rb_parser_compile_file_path(ast_parse_new(), Qnil, f, 1);
+    rb_io_close(f);
+    return ast_parse_done(ast);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+lex_array(VALUE array, int index)
+{
+    VALUE str = rb_ary_entry(array, index);
+    if (!NIL_P(str)) {
+        StringValue(str);
+        if (!rb_enc_asciicompat(rb_enc_get(str))) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid source encoding");
+        }
+    }
+    return str;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ast_parse_array(VALUE array)
+{
+    rb_ast_t *ast = 0;
+
+    array = rb_check_array_type(array);
+    ast = rb_parser_compile_generic(ast_parse_new(), lex_array, Qnil, array, 1);
+    return ast_parse_done(ast);
+}
+
+static VALUE node_children(rb_ast_t*, const NODE*);
+
+static VALUE
+node_find(VALUE self, const int node_id)
+{
+    VALUE ary;
+    long i;
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    if (nd_node_id(data->node) == node_id) return self;
+
+    ary = node_children(data->ast, data->node);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+        VALUE child = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
+
+        if (CLASS_OF(child) == rb_cNode) {
+            VALUE result = node_find(child, node_id);
+            if (RTEST(result)) return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+extern VALUE rb_e_script;
+
+static VALUE
+script_lines(VALUE path)
+{
+    VALUE hash, lines;
+    ID script_lines;
+    CONST_ID(script_lines, "SCRIPT_LINES__");
+    if (!rb_const_defined_at(rb_cObject, script_lines)) return Qnil;
+    hash = rb_const_get_at(rb_cObject, script_lines);
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(hash, T_HASH)) return Qnil;
+    lines = rb_hash_lookup(hash, path);
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(lines, T_ARRAY)) return Qnil;
+    return lines;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_s_of(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE module, VALUE body)
+{
+    VALUE path, node, lines;
+    int node_id;
+    const rb_iseq_t *iseq = NULL;
+
+    if (rb_obj_is_proc(body)) {
+        iseq = vm_proc_iseq(body);
+
+        if (!rb_obj_is_iseq((VALUE)iseq)) {
+            iseq = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        iseq = rb_method_iseq(body);
+    }
+
+    if (!iseq) return Qnil;
+
+    path = rb_iseq_path(iseq);
+    node_id = iseq->body->location.node_id;
+    if (!NIL_P(lines = script_lines(path))) {
+        node = rb_ast_parse_array(lines);
+    }
+    else if (RSTRING_LEN(path) == 2 && memcmp(RSTRING_PTR(path), "-e", 2) == 0) {
+        node = rb_ast_parse_str(rb_e_script);
+    }
+    else {
+        node = rb_ast_parse_file(path);
+    }
+
+    return node_find(node, node_id);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ast_node_alloc(VALUE klass)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    VALUE obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static const char*
+node_type_to_str(const NODE *node)
+{
+    return (ruby_node_name(nd_type(node)) + rb_strlen_lit("NODE_"));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_node_type(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    return rb_sym_intern_ascii_cstr(node_type_to_str(data->node));
+}
+
+#define NEW_CHILD(ast, node) node ? ast_new_internal(ast, node) : Qnil
+
+static VALUE
+rb_ary_new_from_node_args(rb_ast_t *ast, long n, ...)
+{
+    va_list ar;
+    VALUE ary;
+    long i;
+
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+
+    va_start(ar, n);
+    for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
+        NODE *node;
+        node = va_arg(ar, NODE *);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, NEW_CHILD(ast, node));
+    }
+    va_end(ar);
+    return ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+dump_block(rb_ast_t *ast, const NODE *node)
+{
+    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
+    do {
+        rb_ary_push(ary, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_head));
+    } while (node->nd_next &&
+        nd_type(node->nd_next) == NODE_BLOCK &&
+        (node = node->nd_next, 1));
+    if (node->nd_next) {
+        rb_ary_push(ary, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_next));
+    }
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+dump_array(rb_ast_t *ast, const NODE *node)
+{
+    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
+    rb_ary_push(ary, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_head));
+
+    while (node->nd_next && nd_type(node->nd_next) == NODE_LIST) {
+        node = node->nd_next;
+        rb_ary_push(ary, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_head));
+    }
+    rb_ary_push(ary, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_next));
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+var_name(ID id)
+{
+    if (!id) return Qnil;
+    if (!rb_id2str(id)) return Qnil;
+    return ID2SYM(id);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+no_name_rest(void)
+{
+    ID rest;
+    CONST_ID(rest, "NODE_SPECIAL_NO_NAME_REST");
+    return ID2SYM(rest);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rest_arg(rb_ast_t *ast, const NODE *rest_arg)
+{
+    return NODE_NAMED_REST_P(rest_arg) ? NEW_CHILD(ast, rest_arg) : no_name_rest();
+}
+
+static VALUE
+node_children(rb_ast_t *ast, const NODE *node)
+{
+    char name[DECIMAL_SIZE_OF_BITS(sizeof(long) * CHAR_BIT) + 2]; /* including '$' */
+
+    enum node_type type = nd_type(node);
+    switch (type) {
+      case NODE_BLOCK:
+        return dump_block(ast, node);
+      case NODE_IF:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 3, node->nd_cond, node->nd_body, node->nd_else);
+      case NODE_UNLESS:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 3, node->nd_cond, node->nd_body, node->nd_else);
+      case NODE_CASE:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_head, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_CASE2:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_head, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_CASE3:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_head, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_WHEN:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 3, node->nd_head, node->nd_body, node->nd_next);
+      case NODE_IN:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 3, node->nd_head, node->nd_body, node->nd_next);
+      case NODE_WHILE:
+      case NODE_UNTIL:
+        return rb_ary_push(rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_cond, node->nd_body),
+                           (node->nd_state ? Qtrue : Qfalse));
+      case NODE_ITER:
+      case NODE_FOR:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_iter, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_FOR_MASGN:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_var);
+      case NODE_BREAK:
+      case NODE_NEXT:
+      case NODE_RETURN:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_stts);
+      case NODE_REDO:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
+      case NODE_RETRY:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
+      case NODE_BEGIN:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_RESCUE:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 3, node->nd_head, node->nd_resq, node->nd_else);
+      case NODE_RESBODY:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 3, node->nd_args, node->nd_body, node->nd_head);
+      case NODE_ENSURE:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_head, node->nd_ensr);
+      case NODE_AND:
+      case NODE_OR:
+        {
+            VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
+
+            while (1) {
+                rb_ary_push(ary, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_1st));
+                if (!node->nd_2nd || nd_type(node->nd_2nd) != (int)type)
+                    break;
+                node = node->nd_2nd;
+            }
+            rb_ary_push(ary, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_2nd));
+            return ary;
+        }
+      case NODE_MASGN:
+        if (NODE_NAMED_REST_P(node->nd_args)) {
+            return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 3, node->nd_value, node->nd_head, node->nd_args);
+        }
+        else {
+            return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_value),
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_head),
+                                        no_name_rest());
+        }
+      case NODE_LASGN:
+      case NODE_DASGN:
+      case NODE_DASGN_CURR:
+      case NODE_IASGN:
+      case NODE_CVASGN:
+      case NODE_GASGN:
+        if (NODE_REQUIRED_KEYWORD_P(node)) {
+            return rb_ary_new_from_args(2, var_name(node->nd_vid), ID2SYM(rb_intern("NODE_SPECIAL_REQUIRED_KEYWORD")));
+        }
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(2, var_name(node->nd_vid), NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_value));
+      case NODE_CDECL:
+        if (node->nd_vid) {
+            return rb_ary_new_from_args(2, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid), NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_value));
+        }
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_else), ID2SYM(node->nd_else->nd_mid), NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_value));
+      case NODE_OP_ASGN1:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(4, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_recv),
+                                    ID2SYM(node->nd_mid),
+                                    NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_args->nd_head),
+                                    NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_args->nd_body));
+      case NODE_OP_ASGN2:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(5, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_recv),
+                                    node->nd_next->nd_aid ? Qtrue : Qfalse,
+                                    ID2SYM(node->nd_next->nd_vid),
+                                    ID2SYM(node->nd_next->nd_mid),
+                                    NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_value));
+      case NODE_OP_ASGN_AND:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_head), ID2SYM(idANDOP),
+                                    NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_value));
+      case NODE_OP_ASGN_OR:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_head), ID2SYM(idOROP),
+                                    NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_value));
+      case NODE_OP_CDECL:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_head),
+                                    ID2SYM(node->nd_aid),
+                                    NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_value));
+      case NODE_CALL:
+      case NODE_OPCALL:
+      case NODE_QCALL:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_recv),
+                                    ID2SYM(node->nd_mid),
+                                    NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_args));
+      case NODE_FCALL:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(2, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid),
+                                    NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_args));
+      case NODE_VCALL:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(1, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
+      case NODE_SUPER:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_args);
+      case NODE_ZSUPER:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
+      case NODE_LIST:
+      case NODE_VALUES:
+        return dump_array(ast, node);
+      case NODE_ZLIST:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
+      case NODE_HASH:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_head);
+      case NODE_YIELD:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_head);
+      case NODE_LVAR:
+      case NODE_DVAR:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(1, var_name(node->nd_vid));
+      case NODE_IVAR:
+      case NODE_CONST:
+      case NODE_CVAR:
+      case NODE_GVAR:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(1, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
+      case NODE_NTH_REF:
+        snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "$%ld", node->nd_nth);
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(1, ID2SYM(rb_intern(name)));
+      case NODE_BACK_REF:
+        name[0] = '$';
+        name[1] = (char)node->nd_nth;
+        name[2] = '\0';
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(1, ID2SYM(rb_intern(name)));
+      case NODE_MATCH2:
+        if (node->nd_args) {
+            return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 3, node->nd_recv, node->nd_value, node->nd_args);
+        }
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_recv, node->nd_value);
+      case NODE_MATCH3:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_recv, node->nd_value);
+      case NODE_MATCH:
+      case NODE_LIT:
+      case NODE_STR:
+      case NODE_XSTR:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(1, node->nd_lit);
+      case NODE_ONCE:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_DSTR:
+      case NODE_DXSTR:
+      case NODE_DREGX:
+      case NODE_DSYM:
+        {
+            NODE *n = node->nd_next;
+            VALUE head = Qnil, next = Qnil;
+            if (n) {
+                head = NEW_CHILD(ast, n->nd_head);
+                next = NEW_CHILD(ast, n->nd_next);
+            }
+            return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, node->nd_lit, head, next);
+        }
+      case NODE_EVSTR:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_ARGSCAT:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_head, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_ARGSPUSH:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_head, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_SPLAT:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_head);
+      case NODE_BLOCK_PASS:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_head, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_DEFN:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(2, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_defn));
+      case NODE_DEFS:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_recv), ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_defn));
+      case NODE_ALIAS:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_1st, node->nd_2nd);
+      case NODE_VALIAS:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(2, ID2SYM(node->nd_alias), ID2SYM(node->nd_orig));
+      case NODE_UNDEF:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_undef);
+      case NODE_CLASS:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 3, node->nd_cpath, node->nd_super, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_MODULE:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_cpath, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_SCLASS:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_recv, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_COLON2:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(2, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_head), ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
+      case NODE_COLON3:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(1, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
+      case NODE_DOT2:
+      case NODE_DOT3:
+      case NODE_FLIP2:
+      case NODE_FLIP3:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_beg, node->nd_end);
+      case NODE_SELF:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
+      case NODE_NIL:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
+      case NODE_TRUE:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
+      case NODE_FALSE:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
+      case NODE_ERRINFO:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 0);
+      case NODE_DEFINED:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_head);
+      case NODE_POSTEXE:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_ATTRASGN:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_recv), ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_args));
+      case NODE_LAMBDA:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 1, node->nd_body);
+      case NODE_OPT_ARG:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_body, node->nd_next);
+      case NODE_KW_ARG:
+        return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_body, node->nd_next);
+      case NODE_POSTARG:
+        if (NODE_NAMED_REST_P(node->nd_1st)) {
+            return rb_ary_new_from_node_args(ast, 2, node->nd_1st, node->nd_2nd);
+        }
+        return rb_ary_new_from_args(2, no_name_rest(),
+                                    NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_2nd));
+      case NODE_ARGS:
+        {
+            struct rb_args_info *ainfo = node->nd_ainfo;
+            return rb_ary_new_from_args(10,
+                                        INT2NUM(ainfo->pre_args_num),
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, ainfo->pre_init),
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, ainfo->opt_args),
+                                        var_name(ainfo->first_post_arg),
+                                        INT2NUM(ainfo->post_args_num),
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, ainfo->post_init),
+                                        (ainfo->rest_arg == NODE_SPECIAL_EXCESSIVE_COMMA
+                                            ? ID2SYM(rb_intern("NODE_SPECIAL_EXCESSIVE_COMMA"))
+                                            : var_name(ainfo->rest_arg)),
+                                        (ainfo->no_kwarg ? Qfalse : NEW_CHILD(ast, ainfo->kw_args)),
+                                        (ainfo->no_kwarg ? Qfalse : NEW_CHILD(ast, ainfo->kw_rest_arg)),
+                                        var_name(ainfo->block_arg));
+        }
+      case NODE_SCOPE:
+        {
+            ID *tbl = node->nd_tbl;
+            int i, size = tbl ? (int)*tbl++ : 0;
+            VALUE locals = rb_ary_new_capa(size);
+            for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                rb_ary_push(locals, var_name(tbl[i]));
+            }
+            return rb_ary_new_from_args(3, locals, NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_args), NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_body));
+        }
+      case NODE_ARYPTN:
+        {
+            struct rb_ary_pattern_info *apinfo = node->nd_apinfo;
+            VALUE rest = rest_arg(ast, apinfo->rest_arg);
+            return rb_ary_new_from_args(4,
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_pconst),
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, apinfo->pre_args),
+                                        rest,
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, apinfo->post_args));
+        }
+      case NODE_FNDPTN:
+        {
+            struct rb_fnd_pattern_info *fpinfo = node->nd_fpinfo;
+            VALUE pre_rest = rest_arg(ast, fpinfo->pre_rest_arg);
+            VALUE post_rest = rest_arg(ast, fpinfo->post_rest_arg);
+            return rb_ary_new_from_args(4,
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_pconst),
+                                        pre_rest,
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, fpinfo->args),
+                                        post_rest);
+        }
+      case NODE_HSHPTN:
+        {
+            VALUE kwrest = node->nd_pkwrestarg == NODE_SPECIAL_NO_REST_KEYWORD ? ID2SYM(rb_intern("NODE_SPECIAL_NO_REST_KEYWORD")) :
+                                                                                 NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_pkwrestarg);
+
+            return rb_ary_new_from_args(3,
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_pconst),
+                                        NEW_CHILD(ast, node->nd_pkwargs),
+                                        kwrest);
+        }
+      case NODE_ARGS_AUX:
+      case NODE_LAST:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    rb_bug("node_children: unknown node: %s", ruby_node_name(type));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_node_children(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    return node_children(data->ast, data->node);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_node_first_lineno(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    return INT2NUM(nd_first_lineno(data->node));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_node_first_column(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    return INT2NUM(nd_first_column(data->node));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_node_last_lineno(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    return INT2NUM(nd_last_lineno(data->node));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_node_last_column(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)
+{
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    return INT2NUM(nd_last_column(data->node));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ast_node_inspect(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE str;
+    VALUE cname;
+    struct ASTNodeData *data;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ASTNodeData, &rb_node_type, data);
+
+    cname = rb_class_path(rb_obj_class(self));
+    str = rb_str_new2("#<");
+
+    rb_str_append(str, cname);
+    rb_str_catf(str, ":%s@%d:%d-%d:%d>",
+                node_type_to_str(data->node),
+                nd_first_lineno(data->node), nd_first_column(data->node),
+                nd_last_lineno(data->node), nd_last_column(data->node));
+
+    return str;
+}
+
+#include "ast.rbinc"
+
+void
+Init_ast(void)
+{
+    rb_mAST = rb_define_module_under(rb_cRubyVM, "AbstractSyntaxTree");
+    rb_cNode = rb_define_class_under(rb_mAST, "Node", rb_cObject);
+    rb_undef_alloc_func(rb_cNode);
+}
diff --git a/ast.rb b/ast.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34fa645671
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ast.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+# for ast.c
+
+class RubyVM
+
+  # AbstractSyntaxTree provides methods to parse Ruby code into
+  # abstract syntax trees. The nodes in the tree
+  # are instances of RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node.
+  #
+  # This module is MRI specific as it exposes implementation details
+  # of the MRI abstract syntax tree.
+  #
+  # This module is experimental and its API is not stable, therefore it might
+  # change without notice. As examples, the order of children nodes is not
+  # guaranteed, the number of children nodes might change, there is no way to
+  # access children nodes by name, etc.
+  #
+  # If you are looking for a stable API or an API working under multiple Ruby
+  # implementations, consider using the _parser_ gem or Ripper. If you would
+  # like to make RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree stable, please join the discussion
+  # at https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14844.
+  #
+  module AbstractSyntaxTree
+
+    #  call-seq:
+    #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse(string) -> RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node
+    #
+    #  Parses the given _string_ into an abstract syntax tree,
+    #  returning the root node of that tree.
+    #
+    #  SyntaxError is raised if the given _string_ is invalid syntax.
+    #
+    #    RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse("x = 1 + 2")
+    #    # => #<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:SCOPE@1:0-1:9>
+    def self.parse string
+      Primitive.ast_s_parse string
+    end
+
+    #  call-seq:
+    #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse_file(pathname) -> RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node
+    #
+    #   Reads the file from _pathname_, then parses it like ::parse,
+    #   returning the root node of the abstract syntax tree.
+    #
+    #   SyntaxError is raised if _pathname_'s contents are not
+    #   valid Ruby syntax.
+    #
+    #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse_file("my-app/app.rb")
+    #     # => #<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:SCOPE@1:0-31:3>
+    def self.parse_file pathname
+      Primitive.ast_s_parse_file pathname
+    end
+
+    #  call-seq:
+    #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.of(proc)   -> RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node
+    #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.of(method) -> RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node
+    #
+    #   Returns AST nodes of the given _proc_ or _method_.
+    #
+    #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.of(proc {1 + 2})
+    #     # => #<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:SCOPE@1:35-1:42>
+    #
+    #     def hello
+    #       puts "hello, world"
+    #     end
+    #
+    #     RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.of(method(:hello))
+    #     # => #<RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node:SCOPE@1:0-3:3>
+    def self.of body
+      Primitive.ast_s_of body
+    end
+
+    # RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node instances are created by parse methods in
+    # RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.
+    #
+    # This class is MRI specific.
+    #
+    class Node
+
+      #  call-seq:
+      #     node.type -> symbol
+      #
+      #  Returns the type of this node as a symbol.
+      #
+      #    root = RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse("x = 1 + 2")
+      #    root.type # => :SCOPE
+      #    lasgn = root.children[2]
+      #    lasgn.type # => :LASGN
+      #    call = lasgn.children[1]
+      #    call.type # => :OPCALL
+      def type
+        Primitive.ast_node_type
+      end
+
+      #  call-seq:
+      #     node.first_lineno -> integer
+      #
+      #  The line number in the source code where this AST's text began.
+      def first_lineno
+        Primitive.ast_node_first_lineno
+      end
+
+      #  call-seq:
+      #     node.first_column -> integer
+      #
+      #  The column number in the source code where this AST's text began.
+      def first_column
+        Primitive.ast_node_first_column
+      end
+
+      #  call-seq:
+      #     node.last_lineno -> integer
+      #
+      #  The line number in the source code where this AST's text ended.
+      def last_lineno
+        Primitive.ast_node_last_lineno
+      end
+
+      #  call-seq:
+      #     node.last_column -> integer
+      #
+      #  The column number in the source code where this AST's text ended.
+      def last_column
+        Primitive.ast_node_last_column
+      end
+
+      #  call-seq:
+      #     node.children -> array
+      #
+      #  Returns AST nodes under this one.  Each kind of node
+      #  has different children, depending on what kind of node it is.
+      #
+      #  The returned array may contain other nodes or <code>nil</code>.
+      def children
+        Primitive.ast_node_children
+      end
+
+      #  call-seq:
+      #     node.inspect -> string
+      #
+      #  Returns debugging information about this node as a string.
+      def inspect
+        Primitive.ast_node_inspect
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/autogen.sh b/autogen.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..44a1922cb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/autogen.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+PWD=
+case "$0" in
+*/*) srcdir=`dirname $0`;;
+*) srcdir="";;
+esac
+
+exec ${AUTORECONF:-autoreconf} --install --symlink "$@" ${srcdir:+"$srcdir"}
diff --git a/basictest/runner.rb b/basictest/runner.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0f398e7acc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basictest/runner.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#! ./miniruby
+
+exit if defined?(CROSS_COMPILING) and CROSS_COMPILING
+ruby = ENV["RUBY"]
+unless ruby
+  load './rbconfig.rb'
+  ruby = "./#{RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_install_name']}#{RbConfig::CONFIG['EXEEXT']}"
+end
+unless File.exist? ruby
+  print "#{ruby} is not found.\n"
+  print "Try `make' first, then `make test', please.\n"
+  exit false
+end
+ARGV[0] and opt = ARGV[0][/\A--run-opt=(.*)/, 1] and ARGV.shift
+
+$stderr.reopen($stdout)
+error = ''
+
+srcdir = File.expand_path('..', File.dirname(__FILE__))
+if env = ENV["RUBYOPT"]
+  ENV["RUBYOPT"] = env + " -W1"
+end
+`#{ruby} #{opt} -W1 #{srcdir}/basictest/test.rb #{ARGV.join(' ')}`.each_line do |line|
+  if line =~ /^end of test/
+    print "\ntest succeeded\n"
+    exit true
+  end
+  error << line if %r:^(basictest/test.rb|not): =~ line
+end
+puts
+print error
+print "test failed\n"
+exit false
diff --git a/basictest/test.rb b/basictest/test.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..52008b78db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basictest/test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2364 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env ruby
+# -*- coding: us-ascii -*-
+
+$testnum=0
+$ntest=0
+$failed = 0
+class Progress
+  def initialize
+    @color = nil
+    @tty = nil
+    @quiet = nil
+    @verbose = nil
+    ARGV.each do |arg|
+      case arg
+      when /\A--color(?:=(?:always|(auto)|(never)|(.*)))?\z/
+        warn "unknown --color argument: #$3" if $3
+        @color = $1 ? nil : !$2
+      when /\A--tty(=(?:yes|(no)|(.*)))?\z/
+        warn "unknown --tty argument: #$3" if $3
+        @tty = !$1 || !$2
+        true
+      when /\A-(q|-quiet)\z/
+        @quiet = true
+      when /\A-(v|-verbose)\z/
+        @verbose = true
+      end
+    end
+    @tty = STDERR.tty? && !STDOUT.tty? && /dumb/ !~ ENV["TERM"] if @tty.nil?
+    @eol = @tty && !@verbose ? "\r\e[K\r" : "\n"
+    case @color
+    when nil
+      @color = @tty
+    end
+    if @color
+      # dircolors-like style
+      colors = (colors = ENV['TEST_COLORS']) ? Hash[colors.scan(/(\w+)=([^:\n]*)/)] : {}
+      begin
+        File.read(File.join(__dir__, "../tool/colors")).scan(/(\w+)=([^:\n]*)/) do |n, c|
+          colors[n] ||= c
+        end
+      rescue
+      end
+      @passed = "\e[;#{colors["pass"] || "32"}m"
+      @failed = "\e[;#{colors["fail"] || "31"}m"
+      @reset = "\e[m"
+    else
+      @passed = @failed = @reset = ""
+    end
+    extend(Rotator) if @tty
+  end
+
+  def passed_string
+    "."
+  end
+  def failed_string
+    "#{@failed}F#{@reset}"
+  end
+  def init_string
+  end
+  def finish_string
+    if @quiet
+      @eol
+    else
+      "#{@passed}#{@ok ? 'OK' : ''} #{$testnum}#{@reset}#{@eol}"
+    end
+  end
+  def pass
+    STDERR.print passed_string
+  end
+  def fail
+    @ok = false
+    STDERR.print failed_string
+  end
+  def init
+    @ok = true
+    STDERR.print init_string
+  end
+  def finish
+    STDERR.print finish_string
+  end
+
+  module Rotator
+    ROTATOR = %w[- \\ | /]
+    BS = "\b" * ROTATOR[0].size
+    def passed_string
+      "#{BS}#{ROTATOR[(@count += 1) % ROTATOR.size]}"
+    end
+    def failed_string
+      "#{BS}#{super}#{ROTATOR[@count % ROTATOR.size]}"
+    end
+    def init_string
+      @count = 0
+      " "
+    end
+    def finish_string
+      s = "#{BS}#{' ' * BS.size}#{BS}#{super}"
+      s.gsub!(/\n/, "\r\e[2K\r") if @quiet
+      s
+    end
+  end
+end
+PROGRESS = Progress.new
+
+def test_check(what)
+  unless $ntest.zero?
+    PROGRESS.finish
+  end
+  STDERR.print "#{$0}:#{what} "
+  PROGRESS.init
+  $what = what
+  $testnum = 0
+end
+
+def test_ok(cond,n=1)
+  $testnum+=1
+  $ntest+=1
+  where = (st = caller(n)) ? st[0] : "caller error! (n=#{n}, trace=#{caller(0).join(', ')}"
+  if cond
+    PROGRESS.pass
+    printf "ok %d (%s)\n", $testnum, where
+  else
+    PROGRESS.fail
+    printf "not ok %s %d -- %s\n", $what, $testnum, where
+    $failed+=1
+  end
+  STDOUT.flush
+  STDERR.flush
+end
+
+# make sure conditional operators work
+
+test_check "assignment"
+
+a=[]; a[0] ||= "bar";
+test_ok(a[0] == "bar")
+h={}; h["foo"] ||= "bar";
+test_ok(h["foo"] == "bar")
+
+aa = 5
+aa ||= 25
+test_ok(aa == 5)
+bb ||= 25
+test_ok(bb == 25)
+cc &&=33
+test_ok(cc == nil)
+cc = 5
+cc &&=44
+test_ok(cc == 44)
+
+a = nil; test_ok(a == nil)
+a = 1; test_ok(a == 1)
+a = []; test_ok(a == [])
+a = [1]; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = [nil]; test_ok(a == [nil])
+a = [[]]; test_ok(a == [[]])
+a = [1,2]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+a = [*[]]; test_ok(a == [])
+a = [*[1]]; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = [*[1,2]]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+a = *[]; test_ok(a == [])
+a = *[1]; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = *[nil]; test_ok(a == [nil])
+a = *[[]]; test_ok(a == [[]])
+a = *[1,2]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+a = *[*[]]; test_ok(a == [])
+a = *[*[1]]; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = *[*[1,2]]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+a, = nil; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = 1; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = []; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = [1]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = [nil]; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = [[]]; test_ok(a == [])
+a, = 1,2; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = [1,2]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = [*[]]; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = [*[1]]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = *[1,2]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = [*[1,2]]; test_ok(a == 1)
+
+a, = *[]; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = *[1]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = *[nil]; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = *[[]]; test_ok(a == [])
+a, = *[1,2]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = *[*[]]; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = *[*[1]]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = *[*[1,2]]; test_ok(a == 1)
+
+*a = nil; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = 1; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = []; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = [1]; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = [nil]; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = [[]]; test_ok(a == [[]])
+*a = [1,2]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+*a = [*[]]; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = [*[1]]; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = [*[1,2]]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+*a = *[]; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = *[1]; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = *[nil]; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = *[[]]; test_ok(a == [[]])
+*a = *[1,2]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+*a = *[*[]]; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = *[*[1]]; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = *[*[1,2]]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+a,b,*c = nil; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = 1; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = []; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = [1]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = [nil]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = [[]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = [1,2]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+a,b,*c = [*[]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = [*[1]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = [*[1,2]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+
+a,b,*c = *[]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[1]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[nil]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[[]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[1,2]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[*[]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[*[1]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[*[1,2]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+
+def f; yield nil; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield 1; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield []; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield [1]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [1])}
+def f; yield [nil]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [nil])}
+def f; yield [[]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [[]])}
+def f; yield [*[]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield [*[1]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [1])}
+def f; yield [*[1,2]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [1,2])}
+def f; yield *[]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[1]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield *[nil]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[[]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield *[*[]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[*[1]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield *[*[1,2]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == 1)}
+
+def f; yield; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield nil; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield 1; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield []; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield [1]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield [nil]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield [[]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield [*[]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield [*[1]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield [*[1,2]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+
+def f; yield *[]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[1]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield *[nil]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[[]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[*[]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[*[1]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield *[*[1,2]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+
+def f; yield; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield nil; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [nil])}
+def f; yield 1; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [1])}
+def f; yield []; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[]])}
+def f; yield [1]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[1]])}
+def f; yield [nil]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[nil]])}
+def f; yield [[]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[[]]])}
+def f; yield [1,2]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[1,2]])}
+def f; yield [*[]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[]])}
+def f; yield [*[1]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[1]])}
+def f; yield [*[1,2]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[1,2]])}
+
+def f; yield *[]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield *[1]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [1])}
+def f; yield *[nil]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [nil])}
+def f; yield *[[]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[]])}
+def f; yield *[*[]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield *[*[1]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [1])}
+def f; yield *[*[1,2]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [1,2])}
+
+def f; yield; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield nil; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield 1; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield []; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield [1]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield [nil]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield [[]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])}
+def f; yield [*[]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield [*[1]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield [*[1,2]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])}
+
+def f; yield *[]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield *[1]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield *[nil]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield *[[]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield *[*[]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield *[*[1]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield *[*[1,2]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])}
+
+def r; return; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == nil)
+def r; return nil; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == nil)
+def r; return 1; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == 1)
+def r; return []; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return [1]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return [nil]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [nil])
+def r; return [[]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [[]])
+def r; return [*[]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return [*[1]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return [*[1,2]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+def r; return *[]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return *[1]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return *[nil]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [nil])
+def r; return *[[]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [[]])
+def r; return *[*[]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return *[*[1]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return *[*[1,2]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+def r; return *[[]]; end; a = *r(); test_ok(a == [[]])
+def r; return *[*[1,2]]; end; a = *r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+def r; return; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [nil])
+def r; return nil; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [nil])
+def r; return 1; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return []; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return [1]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return [nil]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [nil])
+def r; return [[]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [[]])
+def r; return [1,2]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+def r; return [*[]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return [*[1]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return [*[1,2]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+def r; return *[]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return *[1]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return *[nil]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [nil])
+def r; return *[[]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [[]])
+def r; return *[1,2]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+def r; return *[*[]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return *[*[1]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return *[*[1,2]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+def r; return *[[]]; end; *a = *r(); test_ok(a == [[]])
+def r; return *[1,2]; end; *a = *r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+def r; return *[*[1,2]]; end; *a = *r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+def r; return; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return nil; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return 1; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+def r; return []; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return [1]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+def r; return [nil]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return [[]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])
+def r; return [1,2]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+def r; return [*[]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return [*[1]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+def r; return [*[1,2]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+
+def r; return *[]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return *[1]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+def r; return *[nil]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return *[[]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])
+def r; return *[1,2]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+def r; return *[*[]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return *[*[1]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+def r; return *[*[1,2]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+
+f = lambda {|r,| test_ok([] == r)}
+f.call([], *[])
+
+f = lambda {|r,*l| test_ok([] == r); test_ok([1] == l)}
+f.call([], *[1])
+
+f = lambda{|x| x}
+test_ok(f.call(42) == 42)
+test_ok(f.call([42]) == [42])
+test_ok(f.call([[42]]) == [[42]])
+test_ok(f.call([42,55]) == [42,55])
+
+f = lambda{|x,| x}
+test_ok(f.call(42) == 42)
+test_ok(f.call([42]) == [42])
+test_ok(f.call([[42]]) == [[42]])
+test_ok(f.call([42,55]) == [42,55])
+
+f = lambda{|*x| x}
+test_ok(f.call(42) == [42])
+test_ok(f.call([42]) == [[42]])
+test_ok(f.call([[42]]) == [[[42]]])
+test_ok(f.call([42,55]) == [[42,55]])
+test_ok(f.call(42,55) == [42,55])
+
+f = lambda { |a, b=42, *c| [a,b,c] }
+test_ok(f.call(1      ) == [1,42,[  ]] )
+test_ok(f.call(1,43   ) == [1,43,[  ]] )
+test_ok(f.call(1,43,44) == [1,43,[44]] )
+
+f = lambda { |a, b=(a|16), *c, &block| [a,b,c,block&&block[]] }
+test_ok(f.call(8      )     == [8,24,[  ],nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43   )     == [8,43,[  ],nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43,44)     == [8,43,[44],nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(8      ){45} == [8,24,[  ],45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43   ){45} == [8,43,[  ],45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43,44){45} == [8,43,[44],45 ] )
+
+f = lambda { |a, b=42, *c, d| [a,b,c,d] }
+test_ok(f.call(1      ,99) == [1,42,[  ],99] )
+test_ok(f.call(1,43   ,99) == [1,43,[  ],99] )
+test_ok(f.call(1,43,44,99) == [1,43,[44],99] )
+
+f = lambda { |a, b=(a|16), &block| [a,b,block&&block[]] }
+test_ok(f.call(8   )     == [8,24,nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43)     == [8,43,nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43)     == [8,43,nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(8   ){45} == [8,24,45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43){45} == [8,43,45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43){45} == [8,43,45 ] )
+
+f = lambda { |a, b=42, d| [a,b,d] }
+test_ok(f.call(1   ,99) == [1,42,99] )
+test_ok(f.call(1,43,99) == [1,43,99] )
+test_ok(f.call(1,43,99) == [1,43,99] )
+
+f = lambda { |b=42, *c, &block| [b,c,block&&block[]] }
+test_ok(f.call(     )     == [42,[  ],nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(43   )     == [43,[  ],nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(43,44)     == [43,[44],nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(     ){45} == [42,[  ],45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(43   ){45} == [43,[  ],45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(43,44){45} == [43,[44],45 ] )
+
+f = lambda { |b=42, *c, d| [b,c,d] }
+test_ok(f.call(      99) == [42,[  ],99] )
+test_ok(f.call(43   ,99) == [43,[  ],99] )
+test_ok(f.call(43,44,99) == [43,[44],99] )
+
+f = lambda { |b=42, &block| [b,block&&block[]] }
+test_ok(f.call(  )     == [42,nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(43)     == [43,nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(43)     == [43,nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(  ){45} == [42,45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(43){45} == [43,45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(43){45} == [43,45 ] )
+
+f = lambda { |b=42, d| [b,d] }
+test_ok(f.call(   99) == [42,99] )
+test_ok(f.call(43,99) == [43,99] )
+test_ok(f.call(43,99) == [43,99] )
+
+
+a,=*[1]
+test_ok(a == 1)
+a,=*[[1]]
+test_ok(a == [1])
+a,=*[[[1]]]
+test_ok(a == [[1]])
+
+x, (y, z) = 1, 2, 3
+test_ok([1,2,nil] == [x,y,z])
+x, (y, z) = 1, [2,3]
+test_ok([1,2,3] == [x,y,z])
+x, (y, z) = 1, [2]
+test_ok([1,2,nil] == [x,y,z])
+
+a = loop do break; end; test_ok(a == nil)
+a = loop do break nil; end; test_ok(a == nil)
+a = loop do break 1; end; test_ok(a == 1)
+a = loop do break []; end; test_ok(a == [])
+a = loop do break [1]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = loop do break [nil]; end; test_ok(a == [nil])
+a = loop do break [[]]; end; test_ok(a == [[]])
+a = loop do break [*[]]; end; test_ok(a == [])
+a = loop do break [*[1]]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = loop do break [*[1,2]]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+a = loop do break *[]; end; test_ok(a == [])
+a = loop do break *[1]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = loop do break *[nil]; end; test_ok(a == [nil])
+a = loop do break *[[]]; end; test_ok(a == [[]])
+a = loop do break *[*[]]; end; test_ok(a == [])
+a = loop do break *[*[1]]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = loop do break *[*[1,2]]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+*a = loop do break; end; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = loop do break nil; end; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = loop do break 1; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = loop do break []; end; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = loop do break [1]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = loop do break [nil]; end; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = loop do break [[]]; end; test_ok(a == [[]])
+*a = loop do break [1,2]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+*a = loop do break [*[]]; end; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = loop do break [*[1]]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = loop do break [*[1,2]]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+*a = loop do break *[]; end; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = loop do break *[1]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = loop do break *[nil]; end; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = loop do break *[[]]; end; test_ok(a == [[]])
+*a = loop do break *[1,2]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+*a = loop do break *[*[]]; end; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = loop do break *[*[1]]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = loop do break *[*[1,2]]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+*a = *loop do break *[[]]; end; test_ok(a == [[]])
+*a = *loop do break *[1,2]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+*a = *loop do break *[*[1,2]]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+a,b,*c = loop do break; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break nil; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break 1; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break []; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [1]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [nil]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [[]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [1,2]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [*[]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [*[1]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [*[1,2]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[1]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[nil]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[[]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[1,2]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[*[]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[*[1]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[*[1,2]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+
+def r(val); a = yield(); test_ok(a == val, 2); end
+r(nil){next}
+r(nil){next nil}
+r(1){next 1}
+r([]){next []}
+r([1]){next [1]}
+r([nil]){next [nil]}
+r([[]]){next [[]]}
+r([]){next [*[]]}
+r([1]){next [*[1]]}
+r([1,2]){next [*[1,2]]}
+
+r([]){next *[]}
+r([1]){next *[1]}
+r([nil]){next *[nil]}
+r([[]]){next *[[]]}
+r([]){next *[*[]]}
+r([1]){next *[*[1]]}
+r([1,2]){next *[*[1,2]]}
+
+def r(val); *a = yield(); test_ok(a == val, 2); end
+r([nil]){next}
+r([nil]){next nil}
+r([1]){next 1}
+r([]){next []}
+r([1]){next [1]}
+r([nil]){next [nil]}
+r([[]]){next [[]]}
+r([1,2]){next [1,2]}
+r([]){next [*[]]}
+r([1]){next [*[1]]}
+r([1,2]){next [*[1,2]]}
+
+def r(val); *a = *yield(); test_ok(a == val, 2); end
+r([[]]){next *[[]]}
+r([1,2]){next *[1,2]}
+r([1,2]){next *[*[1,2]]}
+
+def r(val); a,b,*c = yield(); test_ok([a,b,c] == val, 2); end
+r([nil,nil,[]]){next}
+r([nil,nil,[]]){next nil}
+r([1,nil,[]]){next 1}
+r([nil,nil,[]]){next []}
+r([1,nil,[]]){next [1]}
+r([nil,nil,[]]){next [nil]}
+r([[],nil,[]]){next [[]]}
+r([1,2,[]]){next [1,2]}
+r([nil,nil,[]]){next [*[]]}
+r([1,nil,[]]){next [*[1]]}
+r([1,2,[]]){next [*[1,2]]}
+
+def r(val); a,b,*c = *yield(); test_ok([a,b,c] == val, 2); end
+r([[],nil,[]]){next *[[]]}
+r([1,2,[]]){next *[1,2]}
+r([1,2,[]]){next *[*[1,2]]}
+
+test_check "condition"
+
+$x = '0';
+
+$x == $x && test_ok(true)
+$x != $x && test_ok(false)
+$x == $x || test_ok(false)
+$x != $x || test_ok(true)
+
+# first test to see if we can run the tests.
+
+test_check "if/unless";
+
+$x = 'test';
+test_ok(if $x == $x then true else false end)
+$bad = false
+unless $x == $x
+  $bad = true
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+test_ok(unless $x != $x then true else false end)
+
+test_check "case"
+
+case 5
+when 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8
+  test_ok(false)
+when 5
+  test_ok(true)
+end
+
+case 5
+when 5
+  test_ok(true)
+when 1..10
+  test_ok(false)
+end
+
+case 5
+when 1..10
+  test_ok(true)
+else
+  test_ok(false)
+end
+
+case 5
+when 5
+  test_ok(true)
+else
+  test_ok(false)
+end
+
+case "foobar"
+when /^f.*r$/
+  test_ok(true)
+else
+  test_ok(false)
+end
+
+test_check "while/until";
+
+while_tmp = "while_tmp.#{$$}"
+tmp = open(while_tmp, "w")
+tmp.print "tvi925\n";
+tmp.print "tvi920\n";
+tmp.print "vt100\n";
+tmp.print "Amiga\n";
+tmp.print "paper\n";
+tmp.close
+
+# test break
+
+tmp = open(while_tmp, "r")
+test_ok(tmp.kind_of?(File))
+
+while line = tmp.gets()
+  break if /vt100/ =~ line
+end
+
+test_ok(!tmp.eof? && /vt100/ =~ line)
+tmp.close
+
+# test next
+$bad = false
+tmp = open(while_tmp, "r")
+while line = tmp.gets()
+  next if /vt100/ =~ line
+  $bad = 1 if /vt100/ =~ line
+end
+test_ok(!(!tmp.eof? || /vt100/ =~ line || $bad))
+tmp.close
+
+# test redo
+$bad = false
+tmp = open(while_tmp, "r")
+while line = tmp.gets()
+  lastline = line
+  line = line.gsub(/vt100/, 'VT100')
+  if lastline != line
+    line.gsub!('VT100', 'Vt100')
+    redo
+  end
+  $bad = 1 if /vt100/ =~ line
+  $bad = 1 if /VT100/ =~ line
+end
+test_ok(tmp.eof? && !$bad)
+tmp.close
+
+sum=0
+for i in 1..10
+  sum += i
+  i -= 1
+  if i > 0
+    redo
+  end
+end
+test_ok(sum == 220)
+
+# test interval
+$bad = false
+tmp = open(while_tmp, "r")
+while line = tmp.gets()
+  break if 3
+  case line
+  when /vt100/, /Amiga/, /paper/
+    $bad = true
+  end
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+tmp.close
+
+File.unlink while_tmp or `/bin/rm -f "#{while_tmp}"`
+test_ok(!File.exist?(while_tmp))
+
+i = 0
+until i>4
+  i+=1
+end
+test_ok(i>4)
+
+
+# exception handling
+test_check "exception";
+
+begin
+  raise "this must be handled"
+  test_ok(false)
+rescue
+  test_ok(true)
+end
+
+$bad = true
+begin
+  raise "this must be handled no.2"
+rescue
+  if $bad
+    $bad = false
+    retry
+    test_ok(false)
+  end
+end
+test_ok(true)
+
+# exception in rescue clause
+$string = "this must be handled no.3"
+begin
+  begin
+    raise "exception in rescue clause"
+  rescue
+    raise $string
+  end
+  test_ok(false)
+rescue => e
+  test_ok($! == e)
+  test_ok(e.message == $string)
+  test_ok(e != $string)
+end
+
+# exception in ensure clause
+begin
+  begin
+    raise "this must be handled no.4"
+  ensure
+    raise "exception in ensure clause"
+  end
+  test_ok(false)
+rescue
+  test_ok(true)
+end
+
+$bad = true
+begin
+  begin
+    raise "this must be handled no.5"
+  ensure
+    $bad = false
+  end
+rescue
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+$bad = true
+begin
+  begin
+    raise "this must be handled no.6"
+  ensure
+    $bad = false
+  end
+rescue
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+$bad = true
+while true
+  begin
+    break
+  ensure
+    $bad = false
+  end
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+test_ok(catch(:foo) {
+     loop do
+       loop do
+	 throw :foo, true
+	 break
+       end
+       break
+       test_ok(false)			# should not reach here
+     end
+     false
+   })
+
+test_check "array"
+test_ok([1, 2] + [3, 4] == [1, 2, 3, 4])
+test_ok([1, 2] * 2 == [1, 2, 1, 2])
+test_ok([1, 2] * ":" == "1:2")
+
+test_ok([1, 2].hash == [1, 2].hash)
+
+test_ok([1,2,3] & [2,3,4] == [2,3])
+test_ok([1,2,3] | [2,3,4] == [1,2,3,4])
+test_ok([1,2,3] - [2,3] == [1])
+
+$x = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+test_ok($x[2] == 2)
+test_ok($x[1..3] == [1, 2, 3])
+test_ok($x[1,3] == [1, 2, 3])
+
+$x[0, 2] = 10
+test_ok($x[0] == 10 && $x[1] == 2)
+
+$x[0, 0] = -1
+test_ok($x[0] == -1 && $x[1] == 10)
+
+$x[-1, 1] = 20
+test_ok($x[-1] == 20 && $x.pop == 20)
+
+# array and/or
+test_ok(([1,2,3]&[2,4,6]) == [2])
+test_ok(([1,2,3]|[2,4,6]) == [1,2,3,4,6])
+
+# compact
+$x = [nil, 1, nil, nil, 5, nil, nil]
+$x.compact!
+test_ok($x == [1, 5])
+
+# uniq
+$x = [1, 1, 4, 2, 5, 4, 5, 1, 2]
+$x.uniq!
+test_ok($x == [1, 4, 2, 5])
+
+# empty?
+test_ok(!$x.empty?)
+$x = []
+test_ok($x.empty?)
+
+# sort
+$x = ["it", "came", "to", "pass", "that", "..."]
+$x = $x.sort.join(" ")
+test_ok($x == "... came it pass that to")
+$x = [2,5,3,1,7]
+$x.sort!{|a,b| a<=>b}		# sort with condition
+test_ok($x == [1,2,3,5,7])
+$x.sort!{|a,b| b-a}		# reverse sort
+test_ok($x == [7,5,3,2,1])
+
+# split test
+$x = "The Book of Mormon"
+test_ok($x.split(//).reverse!.join == $x.reverse)
+test_ok($x.reverse == $x.reverse!)
+test_ok("1 byte string".split(//).reverse.join(":") == "g:n:i:r:t:s: :e:t:y:b: :1")
+$x = "a b c  d"
+test_ok($x.split == ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
+test_ok($x.split(' ') == ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
+test_ok(defined? "a".chomp)
+test_ok("abc".scan(/./) == ["a", "b", "c"])
+test_ok("1a2b3c".scan(/(\d.)/) == [["1a"], ["2b"], ["3c"]])
+# non-greedy match
+test_ok("a=12;b=22".scan(/(.*?)=(\d*);?/) == [["a", "12"], ["b", "22"]])
+
+$x = [1]
+test_ok(($x * 5).join(":") == '1:1:1:1:1')
+test_ok(($x * 1).join(":") == '1')
+test_ok(($x * 0).join(":") == '')
+
+*$x = *(1..7).to_a
+test_ok($x.size == 7)
+test_ok($x == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
+
+$x = [1,2,3]
+$x[1,0] = $x
+test_ok($x == [1,1,2,3,2,3])
+
+$x = [1,2,3]
+$x[-1,0] = $x
+test_ok($x == [1,2,1,2,3,3])
+
+$x = [1,2,3]
+$x.concat($x)
+test_ok($x == [1,2,3,1,2,3])
+
+test_check "hash"
+$x = {1=>2, 2=>4, 3=>6}
+
+test_ok($x[1] == 2)
+
+test_ok(begin
+     for k,v in $x
+       raise if k*2 != v
+     end
+     true
+   rescue
+     false
+   end)
+
+test_ok($x.length == 3)
+test_ok($x.has_key?(1))
+test_ok($x.has_value?(4))
+test_ok($x.values_at(2,3) == [4,6])
+test_ok($x == {1=>2, 2=>4, 3=>6})
+
+$z = $x.keys.sort.join(":")
+test_ok($z == "1:2:3")
+
+$z = $x.values.sort.join(":")
+test_ok($z == "2:4:6")
+test_ok($x == $x)
+
+$x.shift
+test_ok($x.length == 2)
+
+$z = [1,2]
+$x[$z] = 256
+test_ok($x[$z] == 256)
+
+$x = Hash.new(0)
+$x[1] = 1
+test_ok($x[1] == 1)
+test_ok($x[2] == 0)
+
+$x = Hash.new([])
+test_ok($x[22] == [])
+test_ok($x[22].equal?($x[22]))
+
+$x = Hash.new{[]}
+test_ok($x[22] == [])
+test_ok(!$x[22].equal?($x[22]))
+
+$x = Hash.new{|h,k| $z = k; h[k] = k*2}
+$z = 0
+test_ok($x[22] == 44)
+test_ok($z == 22)
+$z = 0
+test_ok($x[22] == 44)
+test_ok($z == 0)
+$x.default = 5
+test_ok($x[23] == 5)
+
+$x = Hash.new
+def $x.default(k)
+  $z = k
+  self[k] = k*2
+end
+$z = 0
+test_ok($x[22] == 44)
+test_ok($z == 22)
+$z = 0
+test_ok($x[22] == 44)
+test_ok($z == 0)
+
+test_check "iterator"
+
+# yield at top level
+test_ok(!defined?(yield))
+
+$x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
+$y = []
+
+# iterator over array
+for i in $x
+  $y.push i
+end
+test_ok($x == $y)
+
+# nested iterator
+def tt
+  1.upto(10) {|i|
+    yield i
+  }
+end
+
+i=0
+tt{|i| break if i == 5}
+test_ok(i == 0)
+
+def tt2(dummy)
+  yield 1
+end
+
+def tt3(&block)
+  tt2(raise(ArgumentError,""),&block)
+end
+
+$x = false
+begin
+  tt3{}
+rescue ArgumentError
+  $x = true
+rescue Exception
+end
+test_ok($x)
+
+def tt4 &block
+  tt2(raise(ArgumentError,""),&block)
+end
+$x = false
+begin
+  tt4{}
+rescue ArgumentError
+  $x = true
+rescue Exception
+end
+test_ok($x)
+
+# iterator break/redo/next/retry
+done = true
+loop{
+  break
+  done = false			# should not reach here
+}
+test_ok(done)
+
+done = false
+$bad = false
+loop {
+  break if done
+  done = true
+  next
+  $bad = true			# should not reach here
+}
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+done = false
+$bad = false
+loop {
+  break if done
+  done = true
+  redo
+  $bad = true			# should not reach here
+}
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+$x = []
+for i in 1 .. 7
+  $x.push i
+end
+test_ok($x.size == 7)
+test_ok($x == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
+
+# append method to built-in class
+class Array
+  def iter_test1
+    collect{|e| [e, yield(e)]}.sort{|a,b|a[1]<=>b[1]}
+  end
+  def iter_test2
+    a = collect{|e| [e, yield(e)]}
+    a.sort{|a,b|a[1]<=>b[1]}
+  end
+end
+$x = [[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]]
+test_ok($x.iter_test1{|x|x} == $x.iter_test2{|x|x})
+
+class IterTest
+  def initialize(e); @body = e; end
+
+  def each0(&block); @body.each(&block); end
+  def each1(&block); @body.each {|*x| block.call(*x) } end
+  def each2(&block); @body.each {|*x| block.call(x) } end
+  def each3(&block); @body.each {|x| block.call(*x) } end
+  def each4(&block); @body.each {|x| block.call(x) } end
+  def each5; @body.each {|*x| yield(*x) } end
+  def each6; @body.each {|*x| yield(x) } end
+  def each7; @body.each {|x| yield(*x) } end
+  def each8; @body.each {|x| yield(x) } end
+
+  def f(a)
+    a
+  end
+end
+test_ok(IterTest.new(nil).method(:f).to_proc.call([1]) == [1])
+m = /\w+/.match("abc")
+test_ok(IterTest.new(nil).method(:f).to_proc.call([m]) == [m])
+
+IterTest.new([0]).each0 {|x| test_ok(x == 0)}
+IterTest.new([1]).each1 {|x| test_ok(x == 1)}
+IterTest.new([2]).each2 {|x| test_ok(x == [2])}
+#IterTest.new([3]).each3 {|x| test_ok(x == 3)}
+IterTest.new([4]).each4 {|x| test_ok(x == 4)}
+IterTest.new([5]).each5 {|x| test_ok(x == 5)}
+IterTest.new([6]).each6 {|x| test_ok(x == [6])}
+#IterTest.new([7]).each7 {|x| test_ok(x == 7)}
+IterTest.new([8]).each8 {|x| test_ok(x == 8)}
+
+IterTest.new([[0]]).each0 {|x| test_ok(x == [0])}
+IterTest.new([[1]]).each1 {|x| test_ok(x == [1])}
+IterTest.new([[2]]).each2 {|x| test_ok(x == [[2]])}
+IterTest.new([[3]]).each3 {|x| test_ok(x == 3)}
+IterTest.new([[4]]).each4 {|x| test_ok(x == [4])}
+IterTest.new([[5]]).each5 {|x| test_ok(x == [5])}
+IterTest.new([[6]]).each6 {|x| test_ok(x == [[6]])}
+IterTest.new([[7]]).each7 {|x| test_ok(x == 7)}
+IterTest.new([[8]]).each8 {|x| test_ok(x == [8])}
+
+IterTest.new([[0,0]]).each0 {|*x| test_ok(x == [[0,0]])}
+IterTest.new([[8,8]]).each8 {|*x| test_ok(x == [[8,8]])}
+
+def m0(v)
+  v
+end
+
+def m1
+  m0(block_given?)
+end
+test_ok(m1{p 'test'})
+test_ok(!m1)
+
+def m
+  m0(block_given?,&Proc.new{})
+end
+test_ok(m1{p 'test'})
+test_ok(!m1)
+
+class C
+  include Enumerable
+  def initialize
+    @a = [1,2,3]
+  end
+  def each(&block)
+    @a.each(&block)
+  end
+end
+
+test_ok(C.new.collect{|n| n} == [1,2,3])
+
+test_ok(Proc == lambda{}.class)
+test_ok(Proc == Proc.new{}.class)
+lambda{|a|test_ok(a==1)}.call(1)
+def block_test(klass, &block)
+  test_ok(klass === block)
+end
+
+block_test(NilClass)
+block_test(Proc){}
+
+def call_argument_test(state, proc, *args)
+  x = state
+  begin
+    proc.call(*args)
+  rescue ArgumentError
+    x = !x
+  end
+  test_ok(x,2)
+end
+
+call_argument_test(true, lambda{||})
+call_argument_test(false, lambda{||}, 1)
+call_argument_test(true, lambda{|a,|}, 1)
+call_argument_test(false, lambda{|a,|})
+call_argument_test(false, lambda{|a,|}, 1,2)
+
+call_argument_test(true, Proc.new{||})
+call_argument_test(true, Proc.new{||}, 1)
+call_argument_test(true, Proc.new{|a,|}, 1)
+call_argument_test(true, Proc.new{|a,|})
+call_argument_test(true, Proc.new{|a,|}, 1,2)
+
+def block_get(&block)
+  block
+end
+
+test_ok(Proc == block_get{}.class)
+call_argument_test(true, block_get{||})
+call_argument_test(true, block_get{||}, 1)
+call_argument_test(true, block_get{|a,|}, 1)
+call_argument_test(true, block_get{|a,|})
+call_argument_test(true, block_get{|a,|}, 1,2)
+
+call_argument_test(true, block_get(&lambda{||}))
+call_argument_test(false, block_get(&lambda{||}),1)
+call_argument_test(true, block_get(&lambda{|a,|}),1)
+call_argument_test(false, block_get(&lambda{|a,|}),1,2)
+
+blk = block_get{11}
+test_ok(blk.class == Proc)
+test_ok(blk.to_proc.class == Proc)
+test_ok(blk.clone.call == 11)
+test_ok(block_get(&blk).class == Proc)
+
+lmd = lambda{44}
+test_ok(lmd.class == Proc)
+test_ok(lmd.to_proc.class == Proc)
+test_ok(lmd.clone.call == 44)
+test_ok(block_get(&lmd).class == Proc)
+
+test_ok(Proc.new{|a,| a}.yield(1,2,3) == 1)
+call_argument_test(true, Proc.new{|a,|}, 1,2)
+
+test_ok(Proc.new{|&b| b.call(10)}.call {|x| x} == 10)
+test_ok(Proc.new{|a,&b| b.call(a)}.call(12) {|x| x} == 12)
+
+def test_return1
+  Proc.new {
+    return 55
+  }.yield + 5
+end
+test_ok(test_return1() == 55)
+def test_return2
+  lambda {
+    return 55
+  }.call + 5
+end
+test_ok(test_return2() == 60)
+
+def proc_call(&b)
+  b.call
+end
+def proc_yield()
+  yield
+end
+def proc_return1
+  lambda{return 42}.call+1
+end
+test_ok(proc_return1() == 43)
+def proc_return2
+  ->{return 42}.call+1
+end
+test_ok(proc_return2() == 43)
+def proc_return3
+  proc_call{return 42}+1
+end
+test_ok(proc_return3() == 42)
+def proc_return4
+  proc_yield{return 42}+1
+end
+test_ok(proc_return4() == 42)
+
+def ljump_test(state, proc, *args)
+  x = state
+  begin
+    proc.call(*args)
+  rescue LocalJumpError
+    x = !x
+  end
+  test_ok(x,2)
+end
+
+ljump_test(false, block_get{break})
+ljump_test(true, lambda{break})
+
+def exit_value_test(&block)
+  block.call
+rescue LocalJumpError
+  $!.exit_value
+end
+
+test_ok(45 == exit_value_test{break 45})
+
+test_ok(55 == begin
+              block_get{break 55}.call
+            rescue LocalJumpError
+              $!.exit_value
+            end)
+
+def block_call(&block)
+  block.call
+end
+
+def test_b1
+  block_call{break 11}
+end
+test_ok(test_b1() == 11)
+
+def ljump_rescue(r)
+  begin
+    yield
+  rescue LocalJumpError => e
+    r if /from proc-closure/ =~ e.message
+  end
+end
+
+def test_b2
+  ljump_rescue(22) do
+    block_get{break 21}.call
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b2() == 22)
+
+def test_b3
+  ljump_rescue(33) do
+    Proc.new{break 31}.yield
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b3() == 33)
+
+def test_b4
+  lambda{break 44}.call
+end
+test_ok(test_b4() == 44)
+
+def test_b5
+  ljump_rescue(55) do
+    b = block_get{break 54}
+    block_call(&b)
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b5() == 55)
+
+def test_b6
+  b = lambda{break 67}
+  block_call(&b)
+  66
+end
+test_ok(test_b6() == 66)
+
+def util_r7
+  block_get{break 78}
+end
+
+def test_b7
+  b = util_r7()
+  ljump_rescue(77) do
+    block_call(&b)
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b7() == 77)
+
+def util_b8(&block)
+  block_call(&block)
+end
+
+def test_b8
+  util_b8{break 88}
+end
+test_ok(test_b8() == 88)
+
+def util_b9(&block)
+  lambda{block.call; 98}.call
+end
+
+def test_b9
+  util_b9{break 99}
+end
+test_ok(test_b9() == 99)
+
+def util_b10
+  util_b9{break 100}
+end
+
+def test_b10
+  util_b10()
+end
+test_ok(test_b10() == 100)
+
+def test_b11
+  ljump_rescue(111) do
+    loop do
+      Proc.new{break 110}.yield
+      break 112
+    end
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b11() == 111)
+
+def test_b12
+  loop do
+    break lambda{break 122}.call
+    break 121
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b12() == 122)
+
+def test_b13
+  ljump_rescue(133) do
+    while true
+      Proc.new{break 130}.yield
+      break 131
+    end
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b13() == 133)
+
+def test_b14
+  while true
+    break lambda{break 144}.call
+    break 143
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b14() == 144)
+
+def test_b15
+  [0].each {|c| yield 1 }
+  156
+end
+test_ok(test_b15{|e| break 155 } == 155)
+
+def marity_test(m)
+  method = method(m)
+  test_ok(method.arity == method.to_proc.arity, 2)
+end
+marity_test(:test_ok)
+marity_test(:marity_test)
+marity_test(:p)
+
+class ITER_TEST1
+   def a
+     block_given?
+   end
+end
+
+class ITER_TEST2 < ITER_TEST1
+   def a
+     test_ok(super)
+     super
+   end
+end
+test_ok(ITER_TEST2.new.a {})
+
+class ITER_TEST3
+  def foo x
+    return yield if block_given?
+    x
+  end
+end
+
+class ITER_TEST4 < ITER_TEST3
+  def foo x
+    test_ok(super == yield)
+    test_ok(super(x, &nil) == x)
+  end
+end
+
+ITER_TEST4.new.foo(44){55}
+
+class ITER_TEST5
+   def tt(aa)
+     aa
+   end
+
+   def uu(a)
+      class << self
+         define_method(:tt) do |sym|
+            super(sym)
+         end
+      end
+   end
+
+   def xx(*x)
+     x.size
+   end
+end
+
+a = ITER_TEST5.new
+a.uu(12)
+test_ok(a.tt(1) == 1)
+
+class ITER_TEST6 < ITER_TEST5
+   def xx(*a)
+      a << 12
+      super
+   end
+end
+
+test_ok(ITER_TEST6.new.xx([24]) == 2)
+
+test_check "float"
+test_ok(2.6.floor == 2)
+test_ok((-2.6).floor == -3)
+test_ok(2.6.ceil == 3)
+test_ok((-2.6).ceil == -2)
+test_ok(2.6.truncate == 2)
+test_ok((-2.6).truncate == -2)
+test_ok(2.6.round == 3)
+test_ok((-2.4).truncate == -2)
+test_ok((13.4 % 1 - 0.4).abs < 0.0001)
+nan = 0.0/0
+def nan_test(x,y)
+  test_ok(x != y)
+  test_ok((x < y) == false)
+  test_ok((x > y) == false)
+  test_ok((x <= y) == false)
+  test_ok((x >= y) == false)
+end
+nan_test(nan, nan)
+nan_test(nan, 0)
+nan_test(nan, 1)
+nan_test(nan, -1)
+nan_test(nan, 1000)
+nan_test(nan, -1000)
+nan_test(nan, 1_000_000_000_000)
+nan_test(nan, -1_000_000_000_000)
+nan_test(nan, 100.0);
+nan_test(nan, -100.0);
+nan_test(nan, 0.001);
+nan_test(nan, -0.001);
+nan_test(nan, 1.0/0);
+nan_test(nan, -1.0/0);
+
+#s = "3.7517675036461267e+17"
+#test_ok(s == sprintf("%.16e", s.to_f))
+f = 3.7517675036461267e+17
+test_ok(f == sprintf("%.16e", f).to_f)
+
+
+test_check "bignum"
+def fact(n)
+  return 1 if n == 0
+  f = 1
+  while n>0
+    f *= n
+    n -= 1
+  end
+  return f
+end
+$x = fact(40)
+test_ok($x == $x)
+test_ok($x == fact(40))
+test_ok($x < $x+2)
+test_ok($x > $x-2)
+test_ok($x == 815915283247897734345611269596115894272000000000)
+test_ok($x != 815915283247897734345611269596115894272000000001)
+test_ok($x+1 == 815915283247897734345611269596115894272000000001)
+test_ok($x/fact(20) == 335367096786357081410764800000)
+$x = -$x
+test_ok($x == -815915283247897734345611269596115894272000000000)
+test_ok(2-(2**32) == -(2**32-2))
+test_ok(2**32 - 5 == (2**32-3)-2)
+
+$good = true;
+for i in 1000..1014
+  $good = false if ((1 << i) != (2**i))
+end
+test_ok($good)
+
+$good = true;
+n1= 1 << 1000
+for i in 1000..1014
+  $good = false if ((1 << i) != n1)
+  n1 *= 2
+end
+test_ok($good)
+
+$good = true;
+n2=n1
+for i in 1..10
+  n1 = n1 / 2
+  n2 = n2 >> 1
+  $good = false if (n1 != n2)
+end
+test_ok($good)
+
+$good = true;
+for i in 4000..4096
+  n1 = 1 << i;
+  if (n1**2-1) / (n1+1) != (n1-1)
+    $good = false
+  end
+end
+test_ok($good)
+
+b = 10**80
+a = b * 9 + 7
+test_ok(7 == a.modulo(b))
+test_ok(-b + 7 == a.modulo(-b))
+test_ok(b + -7 == (-a).modulo(b))
+test_ok(-7 == (-a).modulo(-b))
+test_ok(7 == a.remainder(b))
+test_ok(7 == a.remainder(-b))
+test_ok(-7 == (-a).remainder(b))
+test_ok(-7 == (-a).remainder(-b))
+
+test_ok(10**40+10**20 == 10000000000000000000100000000000000000000)
+test_ok(10**40/10**20 == 100000000000000000000)
+
+a = 677330545177305025495135714080
+b = 14269972710765292560
+test_ok(a % b == 0)
+test_ok(-a % b == 0)
+
+def shift_test(a)
+  b = a / (2 ** 32)
+  c = a >> 32
+  test_ok(b == c)
+
+  b = a * (2 ** 32)
+  c = a << 32
+  test_ok(b == c)
+end
+
+shift_test(-4518325415524767873)
+shift_test(-0xfffffffffffffffff)
+
+test_check "string & char"
+
+test_ok("abcd" == "abcd")
+test_ok("abcd" =~ /abcd/)
+test_ok("abcd" === "abcd")
+# compile time string concatenation
+test_ok("ab" "cd" == "abcd")
+test_ok("#{22}aa" "cd#{44}" == "22aacd44")
+test_ok("#{22}aa" "cd#{44}" "55" "#{66}" == "22aacd445566")
+test_ok("abc" !~ /^$/)
+test_ok("abc\n" !~ /^$/)
+test_ok("abc" !~ /^d*$/)
+test_ok(("abc" =~ /d*$/) == 3)
+test_ok("" =~ /^$/)
+test_ok("\n" =~ /^$/)
+test_ok("a\n\n" =~ /^$/)
+test_ok("abcabc" =~ /.*a/ && $& == "abca")
+test_ok("abcabc" =~ /.*c/ && $& == "abcabc")
+test_ok("abcabc" =~ /.*?a/ && $& == "a")
+test_ok("abcabc" =~ /.*?c/ && $& == "abc")
+test_ok(/(.|\n)*?\n(b|\n)/ =~ "a\nb\n\n" && $& == "a\nb")
+
+test_ok(/^(ab+)+b/ =~ "ababb" && $& == "ababb")
+test_ok(/^(?:ab+)+b/ =~ "ababb" && $& == "ababb")
+test_ok(/^(ab+)+/ =~ "ababb" && $& == "ababb")
+test_ok(/^(?:ab+)+/ =~ "ababb" && $& == "ababb")
+
+test_ok(/(\s+\d+){2}/ =~ " 1 2" && $& == " 1 2")
+test_ok(/(?:\s+\d+){2}/ =~ " 1 2" && $& == " 1 2")
+
+$x = <<END;
+ABCD
+ABCD
+END
+$x.gsub!(/((.|\n)*?)B((.|\n)*?)D/, '\1\3')
+test_ok($x == "AC\nAC\n")
+
+test_ok("foobar" =~ /foo(?=(bar)|(baz))/)
+test_ok("foobaz" =~ /foo(?=(bar)|(baz))/)
+
+$foo = "abc"
+test_ok("#$foo = abc" == "abc = abc")
+test_ok("#{$foo} = abc" == "abc = abc")
+
+foo = "abc"
+test_ok("#{foo} = abc" == "abc = abc")
+
+test_ok('-' * 5 == '-----')
+test_ok('-' * 1 == '-')
+test_ok('-' * 0 == '')
+
+foo = '-'
+test_ok(foo * 5 == '-----')
+test_ok(foo * 1 == '-')
+test_ok(foo * 0 == '')
+
+$x = "a.gif"
+test_ok($x.sub(/.*\.([^\.]+)$/, '\1') == "gif")
+test_ok($x.sub(/.*\.([^\.]+)$/, 'b.\1') == "b.gif")
+test_ok($x.sub(/.*\.([^\.]+)$/, '\2') == "")
+test_ok($x.sub(/.*\.([^\.]+)$/, 'a\2b') == "ab")
+test_ok($x.sub(/.*\.([^\.]+)$/, '<\&>') == "<a.gif>")
+
+# character constants(assumes ASCII)
+test_ok("a"[0] == ?a)
+test_ok(?a == ?a)
+test_ok(?\C-a == "\1")
+test_ok(?\M-a == "\341")
+test_ok(?\M-\C-a == "\201")
+test_ok("a".upcase![0] == ?A)
+test_ok("A".downcase![0] == ?a)
+test_ok("abc".tr!("a-z", "A-Z") == "ABC")
+test_ok("aabbcccc".tr_s!("a-z", "A-Z") == "ABC")
+test_ok("abcc".squeeze!("a-z") == "abc")
+test_ok("abcd".delete!("bc") == "ad")
+
+$x = "abcdef"
+$y = [ ?a, ?b, ?c, ?d, ?e, ?f ]
+$bad = false
+$x.each_byte {|i|
+  if i.chr != $y.shift
+    $bad = true
+    break
+  end
+}
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+s = "a string"
+s[0..s.size]="another string"
+test_ok(s == "another string")
+
+s = <<EOS
+#{
+[1,2,3].join(",")
+}
+EOS
+test_ok(s == "1,2,3\n")
+test_ok("Just".to_i(36) == 926381)
+test_ok("-another".to_i(36) == -23200231779)
+test_ok(1299022.to_s(36) == "ruby")
+test_ok(-1045307475.to_s(36) == "-hacker")
+test_ok("Just_another_Ruby_hacker".to_i(36) == 265419172580680477752431643787347)
+test_ok(-265419172580680477752431643787347.to_s(36) == "-justanotherrubyhacker")
+
+a = []
+(0..255).each {|n|
+  ch = [n].pack("C")
+  a.push ch if /a#{Regexp.quote ch}b/x =~ "ab"
+}
+test_ok(a.size == 0)
+
+test_check "assignment"
+a = nil
+test_ok(defined?(a))
+test_ok(a == nil)
+
+# multiple assignment
+a, b = 1, 2
+test_ok(a == 1 && b == 2)
+
+a, b = b, a
+test_ok(a == 2 && b == 1)
+
+a, = 1,2
+test_ok(a == 1)
+
+a, *b = 1, 2, 3
+test_ok(a == 1 && b == [2, 3])
+
+a, (b, c), d = 1, [2, 3], 4
+test_ok(a == 1 && b == 2 && c == 3 && d == 4)
+
+*a = 1, 2, 3
+test_ok(a == [1, 2, 3])
+
+*a = 4
+test_ok(a == [4])
+
+*a = nil
+test_ok(a == [nil])
+
+test_check "call"
+def aaa(a, b=100, *rest)
+  res = [a, b]
+  res += rest if rest
+  return res
+end
+
+# not enough argument
+begin
+  aaa()				# need at least 1 arg
+  test_ok(false)
+rescue
+  test_ok(true)
+end
+
+begin
+  aaa				# no arg given (exception raised)
+  test_ok(false)
+rescue
+  test_ok(true)
+end
+
+test_ok(aaa(1) == [1, 100])
+test_ok(aaa(1, 2) == [1, 2])
+test_ok(aaa(1, 2, 3, 4) == [1, 2, 3, 4])
+test_ok(aaa(1, *[2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4])
+
+test_check "proc"
+$proc = Proc.new{|i| i}
+test_ok($proc.call(2) == 2)
+test_ok($proc.call(3) == 3)
+
+$proc = Proc.new{|i| i*2}
+test_ok($proc.call(2) == 4)
+test_ok($proc.call(3) == 6)
+
+Proc.new{
+  iii=5				# nested local variable
+  $proc = Proc.new{|i|
+    iii = i
+  }
+  $proc2 = Proc.new {
+    $x = iii			# nested variables shared by procs
+  }
+  # scope of nested variables
+  test_ok(defined?(iii))
+}.call
+test_ok(!defined?(iii))		# out of scope
+
+loop{iii=5; test_ok(eval("defined? iii")); break}
+loop {
+  iii = 10
+  def dyna_var_check
+    loop {
+      test_ok(!defined?(iii))
+      break
+    }
+  end
+  dyna_var_check
+  break
+}
+$x=0
+$proc.call(5)
+$proc2.call
+test_ok($x == 5)
+
+if defined? Process.kill
+  test_check "signal"
+
+  $x = 0
+  trap "SIGINT", Proc.new{|sig| $x = 2}
+  Process.kill "SIGINT", $$
+  100.times {
+    sleep 0.1
+    break if $x != 0
+  }
+  test_ok($x == 2)
+
+  trap "SIGINT", Proc.new{raise "Interrupt"}
+
+  x = false
+  begin
+    Process.kill "SIGINT", $$
+    sleep 0.1
+  rescue
+    x = $!
+  end
+  test_ok(x && /Interrupt/ =~ x.message)
+end
+
+test_check "eval"
+test_ok(eval("") == nil)
+$bad=false
+eval 'while false; $bad = true; print "foo\n" end'
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+test_ok(eval('Object'))
+test_ok(eval('true'))
+test_ok(!eval('nil'))
+test_ok(!eval('false'))
+
+$foo = 'test_ok(true)'
+begin
+  eval $foo
+rescue
+  test_ok(false)
+end
+
+test_ok(eval("$foo") == 'test_ok(true)')
+test_ok(eval("true") == true)
+i = 5
+test_ok(eval("i == 5"))
+test_ok(eval("i") == 5)
+test_ok(eval("defined? i"))
+
+# eval with binding
+def test_ev
+  local1 = "local1"
+  lambda {
+    local2 = "local2"
+    return binding
+  }.call
+end
+
+$x = test_ev
+test_ok(eval("local1", $x) == "local1") # normal local var
+test_ok(eval("local2", $x) == "local2") # nested local var
+$bad = true
+begin
+  p eval("local1")
+rescue NameError		# must raise error
+  $bad = false
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+module EvTest
+  EVTEST1 = 25
+  evtest2 = 125
+  $x = binding
+end
+test_ok(eval("EVTEST1", $x) == 25)	# constant in module
+test_ok(eval("evtest2", $x) == 125)	# local var in module
+$bad = true
+begin
+  eval("EVTEST1")
+rescue NameError		# must raise error
+  $bad = false
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+x = binding #! YARV Limitation: Proc.new{}
+eval "i4 = 1", x
+test_ok(eval("i4", x) == 1)
+x = Proc.new{binding}.call #! YARV Limitation: Proc.new{Proc.new{}}.call
+eval "i4 = 22", x
+test_ok(eval("i4", x) == 22)
+$x = []
+x = Proc.new{binding}.call #! YARV Limitation: Proc.new{Proc.new{}}.call
+eval "(0..9).each{|i5| $x[i5] = Proc.new{i5*2}}", x
+test_ok($x[4].call == 8)
+
+x = binding
+eval "i = 1", x
+test_ok(eval("i", x) == 1)
+x = Proc.new{binding}.call
+eval "i = 22", x
+test_ok(eval("i", x) == 22)
+$x = []
+x = Proc.new{binding}.call
+eval "(0..9).each{|i5| $x[i5] = Proc.new{i5*2}}", x
+test_ok($x[4].call == 8)
+x = Proc.new{binding}.call
+eval "for i6 in 1..1; j6=i6; end", x
+test_ok(eval("defined? i6", x))
+test_ok(eval("defined? j6", x))
+
+Proc.new {
+  p = binding
+  eval "foo11 = 1", p
+  foo22 = 5
+  Proc.new{foo11=22}.call
+  Proc.new{foo22=55}.call
+  test_ok(eval("foo11", p) == eval("foo11"))
+  test_ok(eval("foo11") == 1)
+  test_ok(eval("foo22", p) == eval("foo22"))
+  test_ok(eval("foo22") == 55)
+}.call if false #! YARV Limitation
+
+#! YARV Limitation: p1 = Proc.new{i7 = 0; Proc.new{i7}}.call
+p1 = Proc.new{i7 = 0; binding}.call
+#! YARV Limitation: test_ok(p1.call == 0)
+eval "i7=5", p1
+#! YARV Limitation: test_ok(p1.call == 5)
+test_ok(!defined?(i7))
+
+if false #! YARV Limitation
+p1 = Proc.new{i7 = 0; Proc.new{i7}}.call
+i7 = nil
+test_ok(p1.call == 0)
+eval "i7=1", p1
+test_ok(p1.call == 1)
+eval "i7=5", p1
+test_ok(p1.call == 5)
+test_ok(i7 == nil)
+end
+
+test_check "system"
+test_ok(`echo foobar` == "foobar\n")
+test_ok(`./miniruby -e 'print "foobar"'` == 'foobar')
+
+script_tmp = "script_tmp.#{$$}"
+tmp = open(script_tmp, "w")
+tmp.print "print $zzz\n";
+tmp.close
+
+test_ok(`./miniruby -s #{script_tmp} -zzz` == 'true')
+test_ok(`./miniruby -s #{script_tmp} -zzz=555` == '555')
+
+tmp = open(script_tmp, "w")
+tmp.print "#! /usr/local/bin/ruby -s\n";
+tmp.print "print $zzz\n";
+tmp.close
+
+test_ok(`./miniruby #{script_tmp} -zzz=678` == '678')
+
+tmp = open(script_tmp, "w")
+tmp.print "this is a leading junk\n";
+tmp.print "#! /usr/local/bin/ruby -s\n";
+tmp.print "print $zzz\n";
+tmp.print "__END__\n";
+tmp.print "this is a trailing junk\n";
+tmp.close
+
+test_ok(`./miniruby -x #{script_tmp}` == '')
+test_ok(`./miniruby -x #{script_tmp} -zzz=555` == '555')
+
+tmp = open(script_tmp, "w")
+for i in 1..5
+  tmp.print i, "\n"
+end
+tmp.close
+
+`./miniruby -i.bak -pe '$_.sub!(/^[0-9]+$/){$&.to_i * 5}' #{script_tmp}`
+done = true
+tmp = open(script_tmp, "r")
+while tmp.gets
+  if $_.to_i % 5 != 0
+    done = false
+    break
+  end
+end
+tmp.close
+test_ok(done)
+
+File.unlink script_tmp or `/bin/rm -f "#{script_tmp}"`
+File.unlink "#{script_tmp}.bak" or `/bin/rm -f "#{script_tmp}.bak"`
+
+test_check "const"
+TEST1 = 1
+TEST2 = 2
+
+module Const
+  TEST3 = 3
+  TEST4 = 4
+end
+
+module Const2
+  TEST3 = 6
+  TEST4 = 8
+end
+
+include Const
+
+test_ok([TEST1,TEST2,TEST3,TEST4] == [1,2,3,4])
+
+include Const2
+STDERR.print "intentionally redefines TEST3, TEST4\n" if $VERBOSE
+test_ok([TEST1,TEST2,TEST3,TEST4] == [1,2,6,8])
+
+
+test_ok((String <=> Object) == -1)
+test_ok((Object <=> String) == 1)
+test_ok((Array <=> String) == nil)
+
+test_check "clone"
+foo = Object.new
+def foo.test
+  "test"
+end
+bar = foo.clone
+def bar.test2
+  "test2"
+end
+
+test_ok(bar.test2 == "test2")
+test_ok(bar.test == "test")
+test_ok(foo.test == "test")
+
+begin
+  foo.test2
+  test_ok false
+rescue NoMethodError
+  test_ok true
+end
+
+module M001; end
+module M002; end
+module M003; include M002; end
+module M002; include M001; end
+module M003; include M002; end
+
+test_ok(M003.ancestors == [M003, M002, M001])
+
+test_check "marshal"
+$x = [1,2,3,[4,5,"foo"],{1=>"bar"},2.5,fact(30)]
+$y = Marshal.dump($x)
+test_ok($x == Marshal.load($y))
+
+StrClone=String.clone;
+test_ok(Marshal.load(Marshal.dump(StrClone.new("abc"))).class == StrClone)
+
+[[1,2,3,4], [81, 2, 118, 3146]].each { |w,x,y,z|
+  a = (x.to_f + y.to_f / z.to_f) * Math.exp(w.to_f / (x.to_f + y.to_f / z.to_f))
+  ma = Marshal.dump(a)
+  b = Marshal.load(ma)
+  test_ok(a == b)
+}
+
+test_check "pack"
+
+$format = "c2x5CCxsdils_l_a6";
+# Need the expression in here to force ary[5] to be numeric.  This avoids
+# test2 failing because ary2 goes str->numeric->str and ary does not.
+ary = [1,-100,127,128,32767,987.654321098 / 100.0,12345,123456,-32767,-123456,"abcdef"]
+$x = ary.pack($format)
+ary2 = $x.unpack($format)
+
+test_ok(ary.length == ary2.length)
+test_ok(ary.join(':') == ary2.join(':'))
+test_ok($x =~ /def/)
+
+$x = [-1073741825]
+test_ok($x.pack("q").unpack("q") == $x)
+
+test_check "math"
+test_ok(Math.sqrt(4) == 2)
+
+include Math
+test_ok(sqrt(4) == 2)
+
+test_check "struct"
+struct_test = Struct.new("Test", :foo, :bar)
+test_ok(struct_test == Struct::Test)
+
+test = struct_test.new(1, 2)
+test_ok(test.foo == 1 && test.bar == 2)
+test_ok(test[0] == 1 && test[1] == 2)
+
+a, b = test.to_a
+test_ok(a == 1 && b == 2)
+
+test[0] = 22
+test_ok(test.foo == 22)
+
+test.bar = 47
+test_ok(test.bar == 47)
+
+test_check "variable"
+test_ok($$.instance_of?(Integer))
+
+# read-only variable
+begin
+  $$ = 5
+  test_ok false
+rescue NameError
+  test_ok true
+end
+
+foobar = "foobar"
+$_ = foobar
+test_ok($_ == foobar)
+
+class Gods
+  @@rule = "Uranus"
+  def ruler0
+    @@rule
+  end
+
+  def self.ruler1		# <= per method definition style
+    @@rule
+  end
+  class << self			# <= multiple method definition style
+    def ruler2
+      @@rule
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module Olympians
+  @@rule ="Zeus"
+  def ruler3
+    @@rule
+  end
+end
+
+class Titans < Gods
+  @@rule = "Cronus"		# modifies @@rule in Gods
+  include Olympians
+  def ruler4
+    @@rule
+  end
+end
+
+test_ok(Gods.new.ruler0 == "Cronus")
+test_ok(Gods.ruler1 == "Cronus")
+test_ok(Gods.ruler2 == "Cronus")
+test_ok(Titans.ruler1 == "Cronus")
+test_ok(Titans.ruler2 == "Cronus")
+atlas = Titans.new
+test_ok(atlas.ruler0 == "Cronus")
+test_ok(atlas.ruler3 == "Zeus")
+begin
+  atlas.ruler4
+rescue RuntimeError => e
+  test_ok(e.message.include?("class variable @@rule of Olympians is overtaken by Gods"))
+else
+  test_ok(false)
+end
+test_ok(atlas.ruler3 == "Zeus")
+
+test_check "trace"
+$x = 1234
+$y = 0
+trace_var :$x, Proc.new{$y = $x}
+$x = 40414
+test_ok($y == $x)
+
+untrace_var :$x
+$x = 19660208
+test_ok($y != $x)
+
+trace_var :$x, Proc.new{$x *= 2}
+$x = 5
+test_ok($x == 10)
+
+untrace_var :$x
+
+test_check "defined?"
+
+test_ok(defined?($x))		# global variable
+test_ok(defined?($x) == 'global-variable')# returns description
+
+foo=5
+test_ok(defined?(foo))		# local variable
+
+test_ok(defined?(Array))	# constant
+test_ok(defined?(Object.new))	# method
+test_ok(!defined?(Object.print))# private method
+test_ok(defined?(1 == 2))	# operator expression
+
+class Foo
+  def foo
+    p :foo
+  end
+  protected :foo
+  def bar(f)
+    test_ok(defined?(self.foo))
+    test_ok(defined?(f.foo))
+  end
+end
+f = Foo.new
+test_ok(defined?(f.foo) == nil)
+f.bar(f)
+
+def defined_test
+  return !defined?(yield)
+end
+
+test_ok(defined_test)		# not iterator
+test_ok(!defined_test{})	# called as iterator
+
+test_check "alias"
+class Alias0
+  def foo; "foo" end
+end
+class Alias1 < Alias0
+  alias bar foo
+  def foo; "foo+" + super end
+end
+class Alias2 < Alias1
+  alias baz foo
+  undef foo
+end
+
+x = Alias2.new
+test_ok(x.bar == "foo")
+test_ok(x.baz == "foo+foo")
+
+# test_check for cache
+test_ok(x.baz == "foo+foo")
+
+class Alias3 < Alias2
+  def foo
+    defined? super
+  end
+  def bar
+    defined? super
+  end
+  def quux
+    defined? super
+  end
+end
+x = Alias3.new
+test_ok(!x.foo)
+test_ok(x.bar)
+test_ok(!x.quux)
+
+test_check "path"
+test_ok(File.basename("a") == "a")
+test_ok(File.basename("a/b") == "b")
+test_ok(File.basename("a/b/") == "b")
+test_ok(File.basename("/") == "/")
+test_ok(File.basename("//") == "/")
+test_ok(File.basename("///") == "/")
+test_ok(File.basename("a/b////") == "b")
+test_ok(File.basename("a.rb", ".rb") == "a")
+test_ok(File.basename("a.rb///", ".rb") == "a")
+test_ok(File.basename("a.rb///", ".*") == "a")
+test_ok(File.basename("a.rb///", ".c") == "a.rb")
+test_ok(File.dirname("a") == ".")
+test_ok(File.dirname("/") == "/")
+test_ok(File.dirname("/a") == "/")
+test_ok(File.dirname("a/b") == "a")
+test_ok(File.dirname("a/b/c") == "a/b")
+test_ok(File.dirname("/a/b/c") == "/a/b")
+test_ok(File.dirname("/a/b/") == "/a")
+test_ok(File.dirname("/a/b///") == "/a")
+case Dir.pwd
+when %r'\A\w:'
+  test_ok(/\A\w:\/\z/ =~ File.expand_path(".", "/"))
+  test_ok(/\A\w:\/a\z/ =~ File.expand_path("a", "/"))
+  dosish = true
+when %r'\A//'
+  test_ok(%r'\A//[^/]+/[^/]+\z' =~ File.expand_path(".", "/"))
+  test_ok(%r'\A//[^/]+/[^/]+/a\z' =~ File.expand_path(".", "/"))
+  dosish = true
+else
+  test_ok(File.expand_path(".", "/") == "/")
+  test_ok(File.expand_path("sub", "/") == "/sub")
+end
+if dosish
+  test_ok(File.expand_path("/", "//machine/share/sub") == "//machine/share")
+  test_ok(File.expand_path("/dir", "//machine/share/sub") == "//machine/share/dir")
+  test_ok(File.expand_path("/", "z:/sub") == "z:/")
+  test_ok(File.expand_path("/dir", "z:/sub") == "z:/dir")
+end
+test_ok(File.expand_path(".", "//") == "//")
+test_ok(File.expand_path("sub", "//") == "//sub")
+
+# test_check "Proc#binding"
+ObjectSpace.each_object(Proc){|o|
+  begin
+    b = o.binding
+    eval 'self', b
+  rescue ArgumentError
+  end
+}
+
+test_check "gc"
+begin
+  1.upto(10000) {
+    tmp = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
+  }
+  tmp = nil
+  test_ok true
+rescue
+  test_ok false
+end
+class S
+  def initialize(a)
+    @a = a
+  end
+end
+l=nil
+100000.times {
+  l = S.new(l)
+}
+GC.start
+test_ok true   # reach here or dumps core
+l = []
+100000.times {
+  l.push([l])
+}
+GC.start
+test_ok true   # reach here or dumps core
+
+ObjectSpace.each_object{|o|
+  o.class.name
+}
+
+test_ok true   # reach here or dumps core
+
+PROGRESS.finish
+if $failed > 0
+  printf "not ok/test: %d failed %d\n", $ntest, $failed
+else
+  printf "end of test(test: %d)\n", $ntest
+end
diff --git a/bcc32/Makefile.sub b/bcc32/Makefile.sub
deleted file mode 100644
index 1cd26a8643..0000000000
--- a/bcc32/Makefile.sub
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,617 +0,0 @@
-# -*- makefile -*-
-
-SHELL = $(COMSPEC)
-MKFILES = Makefile
-
-!ifndef MFLAGS
-MFLAGS=-
-!endif
-
-#### Start of system configuration section. ####
-!ifndef OS
-OS = bccwin32
-!endif
-!if !defined(RT)
-!error RT not defined.  Retry from configure pass.
-!endif
-
-arch = $(ARCH)-$(OS)
-
-## variables may be overridden by $(compile_dir)/Makefile
-!ifndef srcdir
-srcdir = ..
-!endif
-!ifndef RUBY_INSTALL_NAME
-RUBY_INSTALL_NAME = ruby
-!endif
-!ifndef RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME
-RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME = $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME:ruby=rubyw)
-!elif "$(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME)" == "$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)"
-RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME = $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME:ruby=rubyw)
-!endif
-!if "$(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME)" == "$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)"
-RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME = $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)w
-!endif
-!ifndef RUBY_SO_NAME
-RUBY_SO_NAME = $(RT)-$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)$(TEENY)
-!endif
-!ifndef icondirs
-!ifdef ICONDIRS
-icondirs=$(ICONDIRS)
-!endif
-!endif
-!ifdef icondirs
-icondirs=$(icondirs:\=/)
-iconinc=-I$(icondirs: = -I)
-!endif
-###############
-
-.SUFFIXES: .y
-
-!ifndef CC
-CC = bcc32
-!endif
-!ifndef CPP
-CPP = cpp32
-!endif
-!ifndef RC
-RC = brcc32
-!endif
-!ifndef YACC
-YACC = bison
-!endif
-!ifndef AR
-AR = tlib
-!endif
-!ifndef BASERUBY
-BASERUBY = ruby
-!endif
-
-PURIFY =
-AUTOCONF = autoconf
-IFCHANGE = $(srcdir:/=\)\win32\ifchange.bat
-RM = $(srcdir:/=\)\win32\rm.bat
-CP = copy > nul
-MV = move > nul
-
-!if !defined(PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE)
-PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE = x86
-!endif
-MACHINE = $(PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE)
-!if "$(PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE)" == "x86"
-!ifndef PROCESSOR_LEVEL
-PROCESSOR_LEVEL = 5
-!endif
-!if 6 < $(PROCESSOR_LEVEL)
-PROCESSOR_LEVEL = 6
-!endif
-PROCESSOR_FLAG = -$(PROCESSOR_LEVEL)
-CPU = i$(PROCESSOR_LEVEL)86
-ARCH = i386
-!else
-CPU = $(PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE)
-ARCH = $(PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE)
-!endif
-!ifndef DEBUGFLAGS
-DEBUGFLAGS = 
-!endif
-!ifndef OPTFLAGS
-OPTFLAGS = -O
-!endif
-
-!ifndef prefix
-prefix = /usr
-!endif
-!ifndef exec_prefix
-exec_prefix = $(prefix)
-!endif
-!ifndef libdir
-libdir = $(exec_prefix)/lib
-!endif
-!if !defined(datadir)
-datadir = $(prefix)/share
-!endif
-!ifndef EXTOUT
-EXTOUT = .ext
-!endif
-!ifndef TESTUI
-TESTUI = console
-!endif
-!ifndef TESTS
-TESTS =
-!endif
-!ifndef RDOCTARGET
-RDOCTARGET = install-doc
-!endif
-
-OUTFLAG       = -o
-COUTFLAG      = -o
-!ifndef CFLAGS
-CFLAGS = -q -tWR -tWC $(DEBUGFLAGS) $(OPTFLAGS) $(PROCESSOR_FLAG) -w- -wsus -wcpt -wdup -wext -wrng -wrpt -wzdi
-!endif
-!ifndef DEFS
-DEFS =
-!endif
-!ifndef CPPFLAGS
-CPPFLAGS =
-!endif
-CPPFLAGS = $(DEFS) $(CPPFLAGS)
-!ifndef CXXFLAGS
-CXXFLAGS = $(CFLAGS)
-!endif
-!ifndef LDFLAGS
-LDFLAGS = -S:$(STACK)
-!endif
-!ifndef RFLAGS
-RFLAGS = $(iconinc)
-!endif
-!ifndef EXTLIBS
-EXTLIBS =
-!endif
-!ifndef MEMLIB
-MEMLIB =
-!endif
-LIBS = $(MEMLIB) cw32i.lib import32.lib ws2_32.lib $(EXTLIBS)
-MISSING = acosh.obj cbrt.obj crypt.obj erf.obj lgamma_r.obj strlcat.obj strlcpy.obj tgamma.obj win32.obj
-
-!ifndef STACK
-STACK = 0x2000000
-!endif
-
-XCFLAGS = -DRUBY_EXPORT -I. -I$(arch_hdrdir) -I$(hdrdir) -I$(srcdir) -I$(srcdir)/missing
-
-ARFLAGS = /a /p32
-LD = ilink32 -q -Gn
-LDSHARED  = $(LD)
-XLDFLAGS  = -Tpe c0x32.obj
-WLDFLAGS  = -aa -Tpe c0w32.obj
-DLDFLAGS  = -Tpd c0d32.obj
-LIBRUBY_LDSHARED = $(LDSHARED)
-LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS = -Gi $(DLDFLAGS) $(EXTLDFLAGS)
-LDOBJECTS = $(MAINOBJ)
-
-SOLIBS = 
-
-EXEEXT = .exe
-PROGRAM=$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)$(EXEEXT)
-WPROGRAM=$(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME)$(EXEEXT)
-RUBYDEF = $(RUBY_SO_NAME).def
-MINIRUBY = .\miniruby$(EXEEXT) -I$(srcdir)/lib $(MINIRUBYOPT)
-RUNRUBY = .\$(PROGRAM) -i"$(EXTOUT)/$(arch)" "$(srcdir)/runruby.rb" --extout="$(EXTOUT)" --
-
-ORGLIBPATH = $(LIB)
-
-#### End of system configuration section. ####
-
-LIBRUBY_A     = $(RUBY_SO_NAME)-static.lib
-LIBRUBY_SO    = $(RUBY_SO_NAME).dll
-LIBRUBY       = $(RUBY_SO_NAME).lib
-LIBRUBYARG    = $(LIBRUBY)
-THREAD_MODEL  = win32
-
-PREP          = miniruby$(EXEEXT)
-
-OBJEXT        = obj
-ASMEXT        = asm
-
-INSTALLED_LIST= .installed.list
-
-MKMAIN_CMD    = mkmain.bat
-
-SRC_FILE      = $(<:\=/)
-
-WINMAINOBJ    = winmain.$(OBJEXT)
-ARCHMINIOBJS  = dmydln.$(OBJEXT)
-
-arch_hdrdir = $(EXTOUT)/include/$(arch)
-hdrdir = $(srcdir)/include
-VPATH = $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby;$(hdrdir)/ruby;$(srcdir);$(srcdir)/enc;$(srcdir)/missing;$(srcdir)/win32
-
-.path.c = .;$(srcdir);$(srcdir)/enc;$(srcdir)/win32;$(srcdir)/missing
-.path.ci = $(srcdir)
-.path.inc = .;$(srcdir)
-.path.def = .;$(srcdir)
-.path.h = .;$(arch_hdrdir)/ruby;$(hdrdir)/ruby;$(srcdir);$(srcdir)/win32;$(srcdir)/missing
-.path.y = $(srcdir)
-.path. = $(srcdir)
-
-.c.obj:
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(XCFLAGS) -I. $(CPPFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -c $(<:/=\)
-
-.c.asm:
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(XCFLAGS) -I. $(CPPFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -S $(<:\=/)
-
-.rc.res:
-	$(RC) $(RFLAGS) -I. -I$(<D). $(iconinc) -I$(srcdir)/win32 $(RFLAGS) -fo$@ $(<:/=\)
-
-all: $(srcdir)/bcc32/Makefile.sub $(srcdir)/common.mk
-
-ruby: $(PROGRAM)
-rubyw: $(WPROGRAM)
-
-!include $(srcdir)/common.mk
-
-$(MKFILES): $(srcdir)/bcc32/Makefile.sub $(srcdir)/bcc32/configure.bat $(srcdir)/bcc32/setup.mak
-	$(COMSPEC) /C $(srcdir:/=\)\bcc32\configure.bat $(configure_args)
-	@echo $(MKFILES) should be updated, re-run $(MAKE).
-	@$(MAKE) > nul -q -f &&|
-PHONY: nul
-	@exit
-|
-
-PHONY: nul
-
-RUBY_CONFIG_H = $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h
-CONFIG_H = ./.config.h.time
-
-config: config.status
-
-config.status: $(CONFIG_H)
-
-guard = INCLUDE_RUBY_CONFIG_H
-
-$(CONFIG_H): $(MKFILES) $(srcdir)/bcc32/Makefile.sub
-	@if not exist $(arch_hdrdir:/=\) md $(arch_hdrdir:/=\)
-	@if not exist $(arch_hdrdir:/=\)\ruby md $(arch_hdrdir:/=\)\ruby
-	@$(IFCHANGE) $(RUBY_CONFIG_H:/=\) &&|
-\#ifndef $(guard)
-\#define $(guard) 1
-\#define NO_BIG_INLINE 1
-\#define HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H 1
-\#define HAVE_SYS_STAT_H 1
-\#define HAVE_STDLIB_H 1
-\#define HAVE_STRING_H 1
-\#define HAVE_MEMORY_H 1
-\#define HAVE_LONG_LONG 1
-\#define HAVE_OFF_T 1
-\#define SIZEOF_INT 4
-\#define SIZEOF_SHORT 2
-\#define SIZEOF_LONG 4
-\#define SIZEOF_LONG_LONG 0
-\#define SIZEOF___INT64 8
-\#define SIZEOF_OFF_T 8
-\#define SIZEOF_VOIDP 4
-\#define SIZEOF_FLOAT 4
-\#define SIZEOF_DOUBLE 8
-\#define SIZEOF_TIME_T 4
-\#define SIZEOF_RLIM_T 0
-\#define SIZEOF_SIZE_T 4
-\#define SIZEOF_PTRDIFF_T 4
-\#define HAVE_PROTOTYPES 1
-\#define TOKEN_PASTE(x,y) x\#\#y
-\#define HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES 1
-\#define NORETURN(x) x
-\#define RUBY_EXTERN extern __declspec(dllimport)
-\#define HAVE_DECL_SYS_NERR 1
-\#define HAVE_LIMITS_H 1
-\#define HAVE_FCNTL_H 1
-\#define HAVE_UTIME_H 1
-\#define HAVE_FLOAT_H 1
-\#define rb_uid_t uid_t
-\#define rb_gid_t gid_t
-\#define rb_pid_t int
-\#define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_RDEV 1
-\#define HAVE_ST_RDEV 1
-!if $(BORLANDC) < 0x0580
-\#define int8_t signed char
-\#define uint8_t unsigned char
-\#define int16_t short
-\#define uint16_t unsigned short
-\#define int32_t int
-\#define uint32_t unsigned int
-\#define int64_t __int64
-\#define uint64_t unsigned __int64
-\#define ssize_t int
-!endif
-\#define HAVE_INT8_T 1
-\#define HAVE_UINT8_T 1
-\#define SIZEOF_INT8_T 1
-\#define HAVE_INT16_T 1
-\#define HAVE_UINT16_T 1
-\#define SIZEOF_INT32_T 2
-\#define HAVE_INT32_T 1
-\#define HAVE_UINT32_T 1
-\#define SIZEOF_INT32_T 4
-\#define HAVE_INT64_T 1
-\#define HAVE_UINT64_T 1
-\#define SIZEOF_INT64_T 8
-\#define HAVE_INTPTR_T 1
-\#define HAVE_UINTPTR_T 1
-\#define HAVE_SSIZE_T 1
-\#define GETGROUPS_T int
-\#define RETSIGTYPE void
-\#define HAVE_ALLOCA 1
-\#define HAVE_DUP2 1
-\#define HAVE_MEMMOVE 1
-\#define HAVE_MKDIR 1
-\#define HAVE_STRCASECMP 1
-\#define HAVE_STRNCASECMP 1
-\#define HAVE_STRERROR 1
-\#define HAVE_STRFTIME 1
-\#define HAVE_STRCHR 1
-\#define HAVE_STRSTR 1
-\#define HAVE_STRTOD 1
-\#define HAVE_STRTOL 1
-\#define HAVE_STRTOUL 1
-\#define HAVE_SNPRINTF 1
-\#define HAVE_VSNPRINTF 1
-\#define HAVE_ISNAN 1
-\#define HAVE_FINITE 1
-\#define HAVE_HYPOT 1
-\#define HAVE_FMOD 1
-\#define HAVE_WAITPID 1
-\#define HAVE_FSYNC 1
-\#define HAVE_GETCWD 1
-\#define HAVE_TRUNCATE 1
-\#define HAVE_FTRUNCATE 1
-\#define HAVE_FSEEKO 1
-\#define HAVE_FTELLO 1
-\#define HAVE_TIMES 1
-\#define HAVE_FCNTL 1
-\#define HAVE_LINK 1
-\#define HAVE_TELLDIR 1
-\#define HAVE_SEEKDIR 1
-\#define HAVE_COSH 1
-\#define HAVE_SINH 1
-\#define HAVE_TANH 1
-\#define RSHIFT(x,y) ((x)>>(int)y)
-\#define FILE_COUNT level
-\#define FILE_READPTR curp
-\#define RUBY_SETJMP(env) setjmp(env)
-\#define RUBY_LONGJMP(env,val) longjmp(env,val)
-\#define RUBY_JMP_BUF jmp_buf
-\#define inline __inline
-\#define NEED_IO_SEEK_BETWEEN_RW 1
-\#define STACK_GROW_DIRECTION -1
-\#define DEFAULT_KCODE KCODE_NONE
-\#define LOAD_RELATIVE 1
-\#define DLEXT ".so"
-\#define RUBY_LIB_PREFIX "/lib/ruby"
-\#define RUBY_PLATFORM "$(ARCH)-$(OS)"
-\#endif /* $(guard) */
-|
-	@exit > $(@:/=\)
-
-config.status: $(MKFILES) $(srcdir)/bcc32/Makefile.sub $(srcdir)/common.mk
-	@echo Creating $@
-	@type > $@ &&|
-# Generated automatically by Makefile.sub.
-s,@SHELL@,$$(COMSPEC),;t t
-s,@BUILD_FILE_SEPARATOR@,\,;t t
-s,@PATH_SEPARATOR@,;,;t t
-s,@CFLAGS@,$(CFLAGS),;t t
-s,@DEFS@,$(DEFS),;t t
-s,@CPPFLAGS@,$(CPPFLAGS),;t t
-s,@CXXFLAGS@,$(CXXFLAGS),;t t
-s,@FFLAGS@,$(FFLAGS),;t t
-s,@LDFLAGS@,,;t t
-s,@LIBS@,$(LIBS),;t t
-s,@exec_prefix@,$${prefix},;t t
-s,@prefix@,$(prefix),;t t
-s,@program_transform_name@,s,,,,;t t
-s,@bindir@,$${exec_prefix}/bin,;t t
-s,@sbindir@,$${exec_prefix}/sbin,;t t
-s,@libexecdir@,$${exec_prefix}/libexec,;t t
-s,@datadir@,$${prefix}/share,;t t
-s,@sysconfdir@,$${prefix}/etc,;t t
-s,@sharedstatedir@,/etc,;t t
-s,@localstatedir@,/var,;t t
-s,@libdir@,$${exec_prefix}/lib,;t t
-s,@includedir@,$${prefix}/include,;t t
-s,@oldincludedir@,/usr/include,;t t
-s,@infodir@,$${prefix}/info,;t t
-s,@mandir@,$${prefix}/man,;t t
-s,@ridir@,$${prefix}/share/ri,;t t
-s,@build@,$(CPU)-pc-$(OS),;t t
-s,@build_alias@,$(CPU)-$(OS),;t t
-s,@build_cpu@,$(CPU),;t t
-s,@build_vendor@,pc,;t t
-s,@build_os@,$(OS),;t t
-s,@host@,$(CPU)-pc-$(OS),;t t
-s,@host_alias@,$(CPU)-$(OS),;t t
-s,@host_cpu@,$(CPU),;t t
-s,@host_vendor@,pc,;t t
-s,@host_os@,$(OS),;t t
-s,@target@,$(ARCH)-pc-$(OS),;t t
-s,@target_alias@,$(ARCH)-$(OS),;t t
-s,@target_cpu@,$(ARCH),;t t
-s,@target_vendor@,pc,;t t
-s,@target_os@,$(OS),;t t
-s,@CC@,$(CC),;t t
-s,@CPP@,cpp32,;t t
-s,@CXX@,$$(CC),;t t
-s,@LD@,$(LD),;t t
-s,@YACC@,$(YACC),;t t
-s,@RANLIB@,,;t t
-s,@AR@,$(AR),;t t
-s,@ARFLAGS@,$(ARFLAGS) ,;t t
-s,@LN_S@,$(LN_S),;t t
-s,@SET_MAKE@,MFLAGS = -$$(MAKEFLAGS),;t t
-s,@RM@,$$(top_srcdir:/=\)\win32\rm.bat,;t t
-s,@CP@,copy > nul,;t t
-s,@LIBOBJS@, $(MISSING),;t t
-s,@ALLOCA@,$(ALLOCA),;t t
-s,@DEFAULT_KCODE@,$(DEFAULT_KCODE),;t t
-s,@EXEEXT@,.exe,;t t
-s,@OBJEXT@,obj,;t t
-s,@XCFLAGS@,$(XCFLAGS),;t t
-s,@XLDFLAGS@,$(XLDFLAGS),;t t
-s,@DLDFLAGS@,$(DLDFLAGS),;t t
-s,@ARCH_FLAG@,$(ARCH_FLAG),;t t
-s,@STATIC@,$(STATIC),;t t
-s,@CCDLFLAGS@,,;t t
-s,@LDSHARED@,$(LDSHARED),;t t
-s,@DLEXT@,so,;t t
-s,@LIBEXT@,lib,;t t
-s,@STRIP@,$(STRIP),;t t
-s,@EXTSTATIC@,$(EXTSTATIC),;t t
-s,@setup@,Setup,;t t
-s,@MINIRUBY@,$(MINIRUBY),;t t
-s,@PREP@,miniruby$(EXEEXT),;t t
-s,@RUNRUBY@,$(RUNRUBY),;t t
-s,@EXTOUT@,$(EXTOUT),;t t
-s,@ARCHFILE@,,;t t
-s,@RDOCTARGET@,,;t t
-s,@LIBRUBY_LDSHARED@,$$(LDSHARED),;t t
-s,@LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS@,-Gi $$(DLDFLAGS),;t t
-s,@RUBY_INSTALL_NAME@,$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME),;t t
-s,@rubyw_install_name@,$(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME),;t t
-s,@RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME@,$(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME),;t t
-s,@RUBY_SO_NAME@,$(RUBY_SO_NAME),;t t
-s,@LIBRUBY_A@,$$(RUBY_SO_NAME)-static.lib,;t t
-s,@LIBRUBY_SO@,$$(RUBY_SO_NAME).dll,;t t
-s,@LIBRUBY_ALIASES@,$(LIBRUBY_ALIASES),;t t
-s,@LIBRUBY@,$$(RUBY_SO_NAME).lib,;t t
-s,@LIBRUBYARG@,$$(LIBRUBYARG_SHARED),;t t
-s,@LIBRUBYARG_STATIC@,$$(LIBRUBY_A),;t t
-s,@LIBRUBYARG_SHARED@,$$(LIBRUBY),;t t
-s,@SOLIBS@,$(SOLIBS),;t t
-s,@DLDLIBS@,$(DLDLIBS),;t t
-s,@ENABLE_SHARED@,yes,;t t
-s,@OUTFLAG@,$(OUTFLAG),;t t
-s,@COUTFLAG@,$(COUTFLAG),;t t
-s,@CPPOUTFILE@,,;t t
-s,@LIBPATHFLAG@, -L"%s",;t t
-s,@RPATHFLAG@,,;t t
-s,@LIBARG@,%s.lib,;t t
-s,@LINK_SO@,$$(LDSHARED) $$(DLDFLAGS) $$(LIBPATH) $$(OBJS:/=\), $$(@:/=\), nul, $$(LIBS) $$(LOCAL_LIBS), $$(DEFFILE:/=\), $$(RESFILE:/=\),;t t
-s,@COMPILE_C@,$$(CC) $$(INCFLAGS) $$(CFLAGS) $$(CPPFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$$(@) -c $$(<:/=\),;t t
-s,@COMPILE_CXX@,$$(CXX) $$(INCFLAGS) $$(CXXFLAGS) $$(CPPFLAGS) -P $(COUTFLAG)$$(@) -c $$(<:/=\),;t t
-s,@COMPILE_RULES@,{$$(srcdir)}.%s{}.%s: {$$(topdir)}.%s{}.%s: {$$(hdrdir)}.%s{}.%s: .%s.%s:,;t t
-s,@RULE_SUBST@,{.;$$(VPATH)}%s,;t t
-s,@COMMON_LIBS@,m advapi32 avicap32 avifil32 cap comctl32 comdlg32 dlcapi gdi32 glu32 imagehlp imm32 inetmib1 kernel32 loadperf lsapi32 lz32 mapi32 mgmtapi mpr msacm32 msvfw32 nddeapi netapi32 ole32 oleaut32 oledlg olepro32 opengl32 pdh pkpd32 rasapi32 rasdlg rassapi rpcrt4 setupapi shell32 shfolder snmpapi sporder tapi32 url user32 vdmdbg version win32spl winmm wintrust wsock32,;t t
-s,@COMMON_MACROS@,WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN WIN32,;t t
-s,@COMMON_HEADERS@,winsock2.h windows.h,;t t
-s,@cleanlibs@,$$*.tds,;t t
-s,@cleanobjs@,$$*-$$(arch).def $$*.il? $$*.lib,;t t
-s,@TRY_LINK@,$$(CC) -oconftest $$(INCFLAGS) -I$$(hdrdir) $$(CPPFLAGS) $$(CFLAGS) $$(LIBPATH) $$(LDFLAGS) $$(src) $$(LOCAL_LIBS) $$(LIBS),;t t
-s,@EXPORT_PREFIX@,_,;t t
-s,@arch@,$(ARCH)-$(OS),;t t
-s,@sitearch@,$(ARCH)-$(OS),;t t
-s,@sitedir@,$${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby,;t t
-s,@vendordir@,$${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby,;t t
-s,@rubyhdrdir@,$$(includedir)/ruby-$$(MAJOR).$$(MINOR).$$(TEENY),;t t
-s,@sitehdrdir@,$$(rubyhdrdir)/site_ruby,;t t
-s,@vendorhdrdir@,$$(rubyhdrdir)/vendor_ruby,;t t
-s,@configure_args@,--enable-shared $(configure_args),;t t
-s,@configure_input@,$$configure_input,;t t
-s,@srcdir@,$(srcdir),;t t
-s,@top_srcdir@,$(srcdir),;t t
-|
-
-miniruby$(EXEEXT):
-		@echo $(LIBS)
-		$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) $(MAINOBJ) $(MINIOBJS) $(COMMONOBJS:/=\) $(DMYEXT),$@,nul,$(LIBS)
-
-$(PROGRAM):	$(MAINOBJ) $(LIBRUBY_SO) $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).res
-		$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) $(MAINOBJ),$@,nul,$(LIBRUBYARG) $(LIBS),,$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).res
-
-$(WPROGRAM):	$(MAINOBJ) $(WINMAINOBJ) $(LIBRUBY_SO) $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME).res
-		$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $(WLDFLAGS) $(MAINOBJ) $(WINMAINOBJ),$@,nul,$(LIBRUBYARG) $(LIBS),,$(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME).res
-
-$(LIBRUBY_A):	$(OBJS) $(DMYEXT)
-		@-if exist $@ del $@
-		$(AR) $(ARFLAGS) "$@" $(OBJS) $(DMYEXT)
-
-# $(LIBRUBY):	$(LIBRUBY_SO)
-#		implib $@ $(LIBRUBY_SO)
-
-$(LIBRUBY_SO): $(LIBRUBY_A) $(DLDOBJS) $(RUBYDEF) $(RUBY_SO_NAME).res
-		@echo $(DLDOBJS)
-		@$(PRE_LIBRUBY_UPDATE)
-		$(LIBRUBY_LDSHARED) $(LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS) $(DLDOBJS:/=\),$(LIBRUBY_SO),nul,$(LIBRUBY_A) $(LIBS),$(RUBYDEF),$(RUBY_SO_NAME).res
-
-$(LIBRUBY): $(LIBRUBY_SO)
-
-$(RUBYDEF):	$(LIBRUBY_A) $(PREP)
-		$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/bcc32/mkexports.rb -output=$@ -base=$(RUBY_SO_NAME) $(LIBRUBY_A)
-
-$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).rc $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME).rc $(RUBY_SO_NAME).rc: rbconfig.rb $(srcdir)/revision.h $(srcdir)/win32/resource.rb
-		@$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/win32/resource.rb \
-			-ruby_name=$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME) \
-			-rubyw_name=$(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME) \
-			-so_name=$(RUBY_SO_NAME) \
-			. $(icondirs) $(srcdir)/win32
-
-lex.c: {$(srcdir)}lex.c.blt
-	copy "$(?:/=\)" $@
-
-post-install-bin::
-	@$(NULLCMD)
-post-install-lib::
-	@$(NULLCMD)
-post-install-ext-comm::
-	@$(NULLCMD)
-post-install-ext-arch::
-	@$(NULLCMD)
-post-install-man::
-	@$(NULLCMD)
-post-install-doc::
-	@$(NULLCMD)
-
-clean-local::
-		@$(RM) $(WINMAINOBJ) ext\extinit.c ext\extinit.$(OBJEXT) *.tds *.il? $(RUBY_SO_NAME).lib
-		@$(RM) $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).res $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME).res $(RUBY_SO_NAME).res
-		@$(RM) *.map *.pdb *.ilk *.exp $(RUBYDEF) ext\ripper\y.output
-
-distclean-local::
-		@$(RM) ext\config.cache $(RBCONFIG:/=\)
-		@$(RM) $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).rc $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME).rc $(RUBY_SO_NAME).rc
-
-clean-ext distclean-ext realclean-ext::
-		@for /R ext %I in (.) do @if exist %I\Makefile ( \
-		    echo $(@:-ext=)ing %~nI & \
-		    cd %I & \
-		    $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $(@:-ext=) & \
-		    cd %CD% \
-		)
-
-ext/extinit.obj: ext/extinit.c $(SETUP)
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(XCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -c ext/extinit.c
-
-main.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-ascii.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-array.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-bignum.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-class.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-compar.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-dir.$(OBJEXT): dir.h win32.h
-dln.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-enum.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-error.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-euc_jp.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-eval.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-file.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-gc.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-hash.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-inits.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-io.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-marshal.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-math.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-numeric.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-object.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-pack.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-parse.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-process.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-prec.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-random.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-range.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-re.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-regcomp.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-regenc.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-regerror.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-regexec.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-reggnu.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-regparse.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-ruby.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-signal.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-sjis.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-sprintf.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-st.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-string.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-struct.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-time.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-utf_8.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-util.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-variable.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
-version.$(OBJEXT): win32.h
diff --git a/bcc32/README.bcc32 b/bcc32/README.bcc32
deleted file mode 100644
index cd33eec0a1..0000000000
--- a/bcc32/README.bcc32
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-=begin
-
-= How to build ruby using Borland C++
-
-== Requirement
-
-(1) Borland C++ 5.0 or later.
-
-(2) Please set environment variable (({PATH}))
-    to run required commands properly from the command line.
-
-    Note: building ruby requires following commands.
-     * make
-     * bcc32
-     * tlib
-     * ilink32
-
-(3) If you want to build from CVS source, following commands are required.
-     * bison ((<URL:http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/bison.htm>))
-     * sed   ((<URL:http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/sed.htm>))
-
-(4) We strongly recommend to build ruby on C++Builder, to link following files.
-     * usebormm.lib
-     * memmgr.lib
-
-    RTL's internal memory manager cannot handle large memory block properly,
-    so we should use borlndmm.dll instead.
-     10000.times { "" << "." * 529671; GC.start } # crash
-
-== How to compile and install
-
-(1) Execute bcc32\configure.bat on your build directory.
-     ex. c:\src\ruby> bcc32\configure.bat
-    You can specify the target platform as an argument.
-    For example, run `((%configure i686-bccwin32%))'
-    You can also specify the install directory.
-    For example, run `((%configure --prefix=<install_directory>%))'
-    Default of the install directory is /usr .
-    The default ((|<PLATFORM>|)) is `(({i386-bccwin32}))'.
-     
-(2) Change ((|RUBY_INSTALL_NAME|)) and ((|RUBY_SO_NAME|)) in (({Makefile}))
-    if you want to change the name of the executable files. 
-    And add ((|RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME|)) to change the name of the
-    executable without console window if also you want.
-
-(3) Run `((%make%))'
-
-(4) Run `((%make test%))'
-
-(5) Run `((%make install%))'
-
-(6) Requires dynamic RTL (cc3250.dll on C++Builder5) and borlndmm.dll (If built with
-    usebormm.lib) to use installed binary. These files are ordinary in bcc32's bin
-    directory.
-
-== Icons
-
-Any icon files(*.ico) in the build directory, directories specified with
-((|icondirs|)) make variable and (({win32})) directory under the ruby
-source directory will be included in DLL or executable files, according
-to their base names.
-    $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).ico or ruby.ico   --> $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).exe
-    $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME).ico or rubyw.ico --> $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME).exe
-    the others                             --> $(RUBY_SO_NAME).dll
-
-Although no icons are distributed with the ruby source or in the official 
-site, you can use anything you like. For example, followings are written 
-in Japanese, but you can download at least.
-
-* ((<URL:http://member.nifty.ne.jp/ueivu/rubyico.html>)) or
-  ((<zipped icons|URL:http://member.nifty.ne.jp/ueivu/Ruby_ico.zip>))
-* ((<URL:http://homepage1.nifty.com/a_nakata/ruby/>)) or
-  ((<icon itself|URL:http://homepage1.nifty.com/a_nakata/ruby/RubyIcon.ico>))
-
-== Build examples
-
-* Build on the ruby source directory.
-
-  ex.)
-    ruby source directory:  C:\ruby
-    build directory:        C:\ruby
-    install directory:      C:\usr\local
-
-    C:
-    cd \ruby
-    bcc32\configure --prefix=/usr/local
-    make
-    make test
-    make install
-
-* Build on the relative directory from the ruby source directory and CPU type 
-  i386.
-
-  ex.)
-    ruby source directory:  C:\ruby
-    build directory:        C:\ruby\bccwin32
-    install directory:      C:\usr\local
-    CPU                     i386
-    
-    C:
-    cd \ruby
-    mkdir bccwin32
-    cd bccwin32
-    ..\bcc32\configure --prefix=/usr/local
-    make
-    make test
-    make install
-
-* Build on the different drive.
-
-  ex.)
-    ruby source directory:  C:\src\ruby
-    build directory:        D:\build\ruby
-    install directory:      C:\usr\local
-
-    D:
-    cd D:\build\ruby
-    C:\src\ruby\bcc32\configure --prefix=C:/usr/local
-    make
-    make test
-    make install
-
-== Bugs
-
-You can ((*NOT*)) use a path name contains any white space characters as
-the ruby source directory, this restriction comes from the behavior of
-(({!INCLUDE})) directives of (({MAKE})).
-((- you may call it a bug. -))
-
-=end
diff --git a/bcc32/configure.bat b/bcc32/configure.bat
deleted file mode 100755
index 8cdfc64b03..0000000000
--- a/bcc32/configure.bat
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-@echo off
-::: Don't set environment variable in batch file other than autoexec.bat
-::: to avoid "Out of environment space" problem on Windows 95/98.
-::: set TMPMAKE=~tmp~.mak
-
-echo> ~tmp~.mak ####
-echo>> ~tmp~.mak conf = %0
-echo>> ~tmp~.mak $(conf:\=/): nul
-echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	@del ~setup~.mak
-echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	@-$(MAKE) -l$(MAKEFLAGS) -f $(@D)setup.mak \
-if exist pathlist.tmp del pathlist.tmp
-if exist confargs.mk del confargs.mk
-:loop
-if "%1" == "" goto :end
-if "%1" == "--prefix" goto :prefix
-if "%1" == "prefix" goto :prefix
-if "%1" == "--srcdir" goto :srcdir
-if "%1" == "srcdir" goto :srcdir
-if "%1" == "--target" goto :target
-if "%1" == "target" goto :target
-if "%1" == "--with-static-linked-ext" goto :extstatic
-if "%1" == "--program-suffix" goto :suffix
-if "%1" == "RUBY_SUFFIX" goto :suffix
-if "%1" == "--program-name" goto :installname
-if "%1" == "--install-name" goto :installname
-if "%1" == "RUBY_INSTALL_NAME" goto :installname
-if "%1" == "--so-name" goto :soname
-if "%1" == "RUBY_SO_NAME" goto :soname
-if "%1" == "--enable-install-doc" goto :enable-rdoc
-if "%1" == "--disable-install-doc" goto :disable-rdoc
-if "%1" == "--extout" goto :extout
-if "%1" == "EXTOUT" goto :extout
-if "%1" == "--with-baseruby" goto :baseruby
-if "%1" == "BASERUBY" goto :baseruby
-if "%1" == "--path" goto :path
-if "%1" == "-h" goto :help
-if "%1" == "--help" goto :help
-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1 \
-  shift
-goto :loop
-:srcdir
-  echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	-Dsrcdir=%2 \
-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	--srcdir=%2 \
-  shift
-  shift
-goto :loop
-:prefix
-  echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	-Dprefix=%2 \
-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1=%2 \
-  shift
-  shift
-goto :loop
-:suffix
-  echo>>confargs.mk !ifndef RUBY_SUFFIX
-  echo>>confargs.mk RUBY_SUFFIX = %2
-  echo>>confargs.mk !endif
-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1=%2 \
-  shift
-  shift
-goto :loop
-:installname
-  echo>>confargs.mk !ifndef RUBY_INSTALL_NAME
-  echo>>confargs.mk RUBY_INSTALL_NAME = %2
-  echo>>confargs.mk !endif
-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1=%2 \
-  shift
-  shift
-goto :loop
-:soname
-  echo>>confargs.mk !ifndef RUBY_SO_NAME
-  echo>>confargs.mk RUBY_SO_NAME = %2
-  echo>>confargs.mk !endif
-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1=%2 \
-  shift
-  shift
-goto :loop
-:target
-  echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	%2 \
-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	--target=%2 \
-  shift
-  shift
-goto :loop
-:extstatic
-  echo>>confargs.mk !ifndef EXTSTATIC
-  echo>>confargs.mk EXTSTATIC = static
-  echo>>confargs.mk !endif
-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1 \
-  shift
-goto :loop
-:enable-rdoc
-  echo>>confargs.mk !ifndef RDOCTARGET
-  echo>>confargs.mk RDOCTARGET = install-doc
-  echo>>confargs.mk !endif
-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1 \
-  shift
-goto :loop
-:disable-rdoc
-  echo>>confargs.mk !ifndef RDOCTARGET
-  echo>>confargs.mk RDOCTARGET = install-nodoc
-  echo>>confargs.mk !endif
-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1 \
-  shift
-goto :loop
-:extout
-  echo>>confargs.mk !ifndef EXTOUT
-  echo>>confargs.mk EXTOUT = %2
-  echo>>confargs.mk !endif
-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1=%2 \
-  shift
-  shift
-goto :loop
-:baseruby
-  echo>>confargs.mk !ifndef BASERUBY
-  echo>>confargs.mk BASERUBY = %2
-  echo>>confargs.mk !endif
-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1=%2 \
-  shift
-  shift
-goto :loop
-:path
-  echo>>pathlist.tmp %2;\
-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1=%2 \
-  shift
-  shift
-goto :loop
-:help
-  echo Configuration:
-  echo   --help                  display this help
-  echo   --srcdir=DIR            find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']
-  echo Installation directories:
-  echo   --prefix=PREFIX         install files in PREFIX (ignored currently)
-  echo System types:
-  echo   --target=TARGET         configure for TARGET [i386-bccwin32]
-  echo Optional Package:
-  echo   --with-baseruby=RUBY    use RUBY as baseruby [ruby]
-  echo   --with-static-linked-ext link external modules statically
-  echo   --enable-install-doc    install rdoc indexes during install
-  del *.tmp
-  del ~tmp~.mak
-goto :exit
-:end
-echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	-Dbcc32dir=$(@D)
-if not exist confargs.tmp goto :noconfargs
-    echo>>confargs.mk configure_args = \
-    type>>confargs.mk confargs.tmp
-    echo.>>confargs.mk
-    echo>>confargs.mk ####
-:noconfargs
-if not exist pathlist.tmp goto :nopathlist
-    echo>>confargs.mk pathlist = \
-    type>>confargs.mk pathlist.tmp
-    echo.>>confargs.mk
-    echo>>confargs.mk ####
-    echo>>confargs.mk PATH = $(pathlist:;=/bin;)$(PATH)
-    echo>>confargs.mk INCLUDE = $(pathlist:;=/include;)
-    echo>>confargs.mk LIB = $(pathlist:;=/lib;)
-:nopathlist
-if exist confargs.mk copy confargs.mk ~setup~.mak > nul
-type>>~setup~.mak ~tmp~.mak
-del *.tmp > nul
-del ~tmp~.mak > nul
-make -s -f ~setup~.mak
-:exit
diff --git a/bcc32/mkexports.rb b/bcc32/mkexports.rb
deleted file mode 100755
index 888ab2e2a6..0000000000
--- a/bcc32/mkexports.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-#!./miniruby -s
-
-$:.unshift(File.expand_path("../..", __FILE__))
-require 'win32/mkexports'
-
-class Exports::Bcc < Exports
-  def forwarding(internal, export)
-    internal[/\A_?/]+export
-  end
-
-  def each_line(objs, &block)
-    objs.each do |obj|
-      opt = /\.(?:so|dll)\z/i =~ obj ? "-ee" : "-oiPUBDEF -oiPUBD32"
-      IO.foreach("|tdump -q #{opt} #{obj.tr('/', '\\')} < nul", &block)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def each_export(objs)
-    objdump(objs) do |l|
-      next unless /(?:PUBDEF|PUBD32|EXPORT)/ =~ l
-      yield $1 if /'(.*?)'/ =~ l
-    end
-    yield "_strcasecmp", "_stricmp"
-    yield "_strncasecmp", "_strnicmp"
-  end
-end
diff --git a/bcc32/setup.mak b/bcc32/setup.mak
deleted file mode 100644
index df2fd3c128..0000000000
--- a/bcc32/setup.mak
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-# -*- makefile -*-
-
-!if "$(srcdir)" != ""
-bcc32dir = $(srcdir)/bcc32
-!elseif "$(bcc32dir)" == "bcc32/"
-srcdir = .
-!elseif "$(bcc32dir:/bcc32/=)/bcc32/" == "$(bcc32dir)"
-srcdir = $(bcc32dir:/bcc32/=)
-!else
-srcdir = $(bcc32dir)/..
-!endif
-!ifndef prefix
-prefix = /usr
-!endif
-OS = bccwin32
-RT = $(OS)
-BANG = !
-APPEND = echo.>>$(MAKEFILE)
-!ifdef MAKEFILE
-MAKE = $(MAKE) -f $(MAKEFILE)
-!else
-MAKEFILE = Makefile
-!endif
-
-all: Makefile
-Makefile: -prologue- -generic- -epilogue-
-i386-$(OS): -prologue- -i386- -epilogue-
-i486-$(OS): -prologue- -i486- -epilogue-
-i586-$(OS): -prologue- -i586- -epilogue-
-i686-$(OS): -prologue- -i686- -epilogue-
-alpha-$(OS): -prologue- -alpha- -epilogue-
-
--prologue-: -basic-vars- -version- -system-vars-
-
--basic-vars-: nul
-	@echo Creating $(MAKEFILE)
-	@type > $(MAKEFILE) &&|
-\#\#\# Makefile for ruby $(OS) \#\#\#
-$(BANG)ifndef srcdir
-srcdir = $(srcdir:\=/)
-$(BANG)endif
-$(BANG)ifndef prefix
-prefix = $(prefix:\=/)
-$(BANG)endif
-$(BANG)if !defined(BASERUBY)
-!if defined(BASERUBY)
-BASERUBY = $(BASERUBY)
-!endif
-|
-!if !defined(BASERUBY)
-	@for %I in (ruby.exe) do @echo BASERUBY = "%~$$PATH:I" >> $(MAKEFILE)
-!endif
-	@type >> $(MAKEFILE) &&|
-$(BANG)endif
-|
-!if exist(confargs.mk)
-	@type confargs.mk >> $(MAKEFILE)
-	@del confargs.mk
-!endif
-
--system-vars-: -runtime- -bormm-
-
--bormm-: nul
-	@-ilink32 -q -Gn -x usebormm.lib > nul
-	@-if exist usebormm.tds $(APPEND) MEMLIB = usebormm.lib
-	@if exist usebormm.* del usebormm.*
-
--osname-: nul
-	@echo OS =  >>$(MAKEFILE)
-
--runtime-: nul
-	type > conftest.c &&|
-\#include <stdio.h>
-int main(){printf("");return 0;}
-|
-	bcc32 conftest.c cw32i.lib > nul
-	tdump conftest.exe < nul > conftest.i
-	grep "^Imports from CC" conftest.i > conftest.c
-	cpp32 -P- -DFile=\# -DImports=RTNAME -Dfrom== conftest.c > nul
-	$(MAKE) > nul -DBANG=$(BANG) -f &&|
--runtime-: nul
-$(BANG)include conftest.i
-RT = $$(RTNAME:.DLL=)
-OS = $$(RT:CC32=)
--runtime-:
-	del conftest.*
-$(BANG)if "$$(OS)" == "50"
-	echo OS = bccwin32 >> $(MAKEFILE)
-$(BANG)else
-	echo OS = bccwin32_$$(OS) >> $(MAKEFILE)
-$(BANG)endif
-|
-	@echo RT = $$(OS) >> $(MAKEFILE)
-
--version-: nul
-	@cpp32 -I$(srcdir) -P- -o$(MAKEFILE) > nul &&|
-\#define RUBY_REVISION 0
-\#include "version.h"
-MAJOR = RUBY_API_VERSION_MAJOR
-MINOR = RUBY_API_VERSION_MINOR
-TEENY = RUBY_API_VERSION_TEENY
-
-BORLANDC = __BORLANDC__
-|
-	@$(MAKE) > nul -DBANG=$(BANG) -f &&,
--version-: nul
-$(BANG)include $(MAKEFILE)
-$(BANG)include $(MAKEFILE).i
--version-:
-	@del $(MAKEFILE).i
-	@type >> $(MAKEFILE) &&|
-MAJOR = $$(MAJOR)
-MINOR = $$(MINOR)
-TEENY = $$(TEENY)
-BORLANDC = $$(BORLANDC)
-|
-,
-
--generic-: nul
-!if defined(PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE) ||  defined(PROCESSOR_LEVEL)
-	@type >> $(MAKEFILE) &&|
-!if defined(PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE)
-$(BANG)ifndef PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE
-PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE = $(PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE)
-$(BANG)endif
-!endif
-!if defined(PROCESSOR_LEVEL)
-$(BANG)ifndef PROCESSOR_LEVEL
-PROCESSOR_LEVEL = $(PROCESSOR_LEVEL)
-$(BANG)endif
-!endif
-|
-!endif
-
--alpha-: nul
-	@$(APPEND) !ifndef PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE
-	@$(APPEND) PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE = alpha
-	@$(APPEND) !endif
--ix86-: nul
-	@$(APPEND) !ifndef PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE
-	@$(APPEND) PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE = x86
-	@$(APPEND) !endif
-
--i386-: -ix86-
-	@$(APPEND) !ifndef PROCESSOR_LEVEL
-	@$(APPEND) PROCESSOR_LEVEL = 3
-	@$(APPEND) !endif
--i486-: -ix86-
-	@$(APPEND) !ifndef PROCESSOR_LEVEL
-	@$(APPEND) PROCESSOR_LEVEL = 4
-	@$(APPEND) !endif
--i586-: -ix86-
-	@$(APPEND) !ifndef PROCESSOR_LEVEL
-	@$(APPEND) PROCESSOR_LEVEL = 5
-	@$(APPEND) !endif
--i686-: -ix86-
-	@$(APPEND) !ifndef PROCESSOR_LEVEL
-	@$(APPEND) PROCESSOR_LEVEL = 6
-	@$(APPEND) !endif
-
--epilogue-: -encs-
-
--encs-: nul
-	@$(MAKE) -f $(srcdir)/win32/enc-setup.mak srcdir="$(srcdir)" MAKEFILE=$(MAKEFILE)
-
--epilogue-: nul
-	@type >> $(MAKEFILE) &&|
-
-\# RUBY_INSTALL_NAME = ruby
-\# RUBY_SO_NAME = $$(RT)-$$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)$$(MAJOR)$$(MINOR)
-\# CFLAGS = -q $$(DEBUGFLAGS) $$(OPTFLAGS) $$(PROCESSOR_FLAG) -w- -wsus -wcpt -wdup -wext -wrng -wrpt -wzdi
-\# CPPFLAGS = -I. -I$$(srcdir) -I$$(srcdir)/missing -DLIBRUBY_SO=\"$$(LIBRUBY_SO)\"
-\# STACK = 0x2000000
-\# LDFLAGS = -S:$$(STACK)
-\# RFLAGS = $$(iconinc)
-\# EXTLIBS = cw32.lib import32.lib user32.lib kernel32.lib
-$(BANG)include $$(srcdir)/bcc32/Makefile.sub
-|
-	@echo type "`$(MAKE)'" to make ruby for $(OS).
diff --git a/benchmark/README.md b/benchmark/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39a5aa139b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# ruby/benchmark
+
+This directory has benchmark definitions to be run with
+[benchmark\_driver.gem](https://github.com/benchmark-driver/benchmark-driver).
+
+## Normal usage
+
+Execute `gem install benchmark_driver` and run a command like:
+
+```bash
+# Run a benchmark script with the ruby in the $PATH
+benchmark-driver benchmark/app_fib.rb
+
+# Run benchmark scripts with multiple Ruby executables or options
+benchmark-driver benchmark/*.rb -e /path/to/ruby -e '/path/to/ruby --jit'
+
+# Or compare Ruby versions managed by rbenv
+benchmark-driver benchmark/*.rb --rbenv '2.5.1;2.6.0-preview2 --jit'
+
+# You can collect many metrics in many ways
+benchmark-driver benchmark/*.rb --runner memory --output markdown
+
+# Some are defined with YAML for complex setup or accurate measurement
+benchmark-driver benchmark/*.yml
+```
+
+See also:
+
+```console
+Usage: benchmark-driver [options] RUBY|YAML...
+    -r, --runner TYPE                Specify runner type: ips, time, memory, once (default: ips)
+    -o, --output TYPE                Specify output type: compare, simple, markdown, record (default: compare)
+    -e, --executables EXECS          Ruby executables (e1::path1 arg1; e2::path2 arg2;...)
+        --rbenv VERSIONS             Ruby executables in rbenv (x.x.x arg1;y.y.y arg2;...)
+        --repeat-count NUM           Try benchmark NUM times and use the fastest result or the worst memory usage
+        --repeat-result TYPE         Yield "best", "average" or "worst" result with --repeat-count (default: best)
+        --bundler                    Install and use gems specified in Gemfile
+        --filter REGEXP              Filter out benchmarks with given regexp
+        --run-duration SECONDS       Warmup estimates loop_count to run for this duration (default: 3)
+    -v, --verbose                    Verbose mode. Multiple -v options increase visilibity (max: 2)
+```
+
+## make benchmark
+
+Using `make benchmark`, `make update-benchmark-driver` automatically downloads
+the supported version of benchmark\_driver, and it runs benchmarks with the downloaded
+benchmark\_driver.
+
+```bash
+# Run all benchmarks with the ruby in the $PATH and the built ruby
+make benchmark
+
+# Or compare with specific ruby binary
+make benchmark COMPARE_RUBY="/path/to/ruby --jit"
+
+# Run vm benchmarks
+make benchmark ITEM=vm
+
+# Run some limited benchmarks in ITEM-matched files
+make benchmark ITEM=vm OPTS=--filter=block
+
+# You can specify the benchmark by an exact filename instead of using the default argument:
+# ARGS = $$(find $(srcdir)/benchmark -maxdepth 1 -name '*$(ITEM)*.yml' -o -name '*$(ITEM)*.rb')
+make benchmark ARGS=benchmark/erb_render.yml
+
+# You can specify any option via $OPTS
+make benchmark OPTS="--help"
+
+# With `make benchmark`, some special runner plugins are available:
+#   -r peak, -r size, -r total, -r utime, -r stime, -r cutime, -r cstime
+make benchmark ITEM=vm_bigarray OPTS="-r peak"
+```
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_answer.rb b/benchmark/app_answer.rb
index 3cd8a8fd37..3cd8a8fd37 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_answer.rb
+++ b/benchmark/app_answer.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/app_aobench.rb b/benchmark/app_aobench.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16296af12b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/app_aobench.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+# coding: US-ASCII
+
+# AO render benchmark
+# Original program (C) Syoyo Fujita in Javascript (and other languages)
+#      https://code.google.com/p/aobench/
+# Ruby(yarv2llvm) version by Hideki Miura
+#
+
+IMAGE_WIDTH = 256
+IMAGE_HEIGHT = 256
+NSUBSAMPLES = 2
+NAO_SAMPLES = 8
+
+srand(0)
+
+class Vec
+  def initialize(x, y, z)
+    @x = x
+    @y = y
+    @z = z
+  end
+
+  attr_accessor :x, :y, :z
+
+  def vadd(b)
+    Vec.new(@x + b.x, @y + b.y, @z + b.z)
+  end
+
+  def vsub(b)
+    Vec.new(@x - b.x, @y - b.y, @z - b.z)
+  end
+
+  def vcross(b)
+    Vec.new(@y * b.z - @z * b.y,
+            @z * b.x - @x * b.z,
+            @x * b.y - @y * b.x)
+  end
+
+  def vdot(b)
+    @x * b.x + @y * b.y + @z * b.z
+  end
+
+  def vlength
+    Math.sqrt(@x * @x + @y * @y + @z * @z)
+  end
+
+  def vnormalize
+    len = vlength
+    v = Vec.new(@x, @y, @z)
+    if len > 1.0e-17 then
+      v.x = v.x / len
+      v.y = v.y / len
+      v.z = v.z / len
+    end
+    v
+  end
+end
+
+
+class Sphere
+  def initialize(center, radius)
+    @center = center
+    @radius = radius
+  end
+
+  attr_reader :center, :radius
+
+  def intersect(ray, isect)
+    rs = ray.org.vsub(@center)
+    b = rs.vdot(ray.dir)
+    c = rs.vdot(rs) - (@radius * @radius)
+    d = b * b - c
+    if d > 0.0 then
+      t = - b - Math.sqrt(d)
+
+      if t > 0.0 and t < isect.t then
+        isect.t = t
+        isect.hit = true
+        isect.pl = Vec.new(ray.org.x + ray.dir.x * t,
+                          ray.org.y + ray.dir.y * t,
+                          ray.org.z + ray.dir.z * t)
+        n = isect.pl.vsub(@center)
+        isect.n = n.vnormalize
+      else
+        0.0
+      end
+    end
+    nil
+  end
+end
+
+class Plane
+  def initialize(p, n)
+    @p = p
+    @n = n
+  end
+
+  def intersect(ray, isect)
+    d = -@p.vdot(@n)
+    v = ray.dir.vdot(@n)
+    v0 = v
+    if v < 0.0 then
+      v0 = -v
+    end
+    if v0 < 1.0e-17 then
+      return
+    end
+
+    t = -(ray.org.vdot(@n) + d) / v
+
+    if t > 0.0 and t < isect.t then
+      isect.hit = true
+      isect.t = t
+      isect.n = @n
+      isect.pl = Vec.new(ray.org.x + t * ray.dir.x,
+                        ray.org.y + t * ray.dir.y,
+                        ray.org.z + t * ray.dir.z)
+    end
+    nil
+  end
+end
+
+class Ray
+  def initialize(org, dir)
+    @org = org
+    @dir = dir
+  end
+
+  attr_accessor :org, :dir
+end
+
+class Isect
+  def initialize
+    @t = 10000000.0
+    @hit = false
+    @pl = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+    @n = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+  end
+
+  attr_accessor :t, :hit, :pl, :n
+end
+
+def clamp(f)
+  i = f * 255.5
+  if i > 255.0 then
+    i = 255.0
+  end
+  if i < 0.0 then
+    i = 0.0
+  end
+  i.to_i
+end
+
+def otherBasis(basis, n)
+  basis[2] = Vec.new(n.x, n.y, n.z)
+  basis[1] = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+
+  if n.x < 0.6 and n.x > -0.6 then
+    basis[1].x = 1.0
+  elsif n.y < 0.6 and n.y > -0.6 then
+    basis[1].y = 1.0
+  elsif n.z < 0.6 and n.z > -0.6 then
+    basis[1].z = 1.0
+  else
+    basis[1].x = 1.0
+  end
+
+  basis[0] = basis[1].vcross(basis[2])
+  basis[0] = basis[0].vnormalize
+
+  basis[1] = basis[2].vcross(basis[0])
+  basis[1] = basis[1].vnormalize
+end
+
+class Scene
+  def initialize
+    @spheres = Array.new
+    @spheres[0] = Sphere.new(Vec.new(-2.0, 0.0, -3.5), 0.5)
+    @spheres[1] = Sphere.new(Vec.new(-0.5, 0.0, -3.0), 0.5)
+    @spheres[2] = Sphere.new(Vec.new(1.0, 0.0, -2.2), 0.5)
+    @plane = Plane.new(Vec.new(0.0, -0.5, 0.0), Vec.new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0))
+  end
+
+  def ambient_occlusion(isect)
+    basis = Array.new
+    otherBasis(basis, isect.n)
+
+    ntheta    = NAO_SAMPLES
+    nphi      = NAO_SAMPLES
+    eps       = 0.0001
+    occlusion = 0.0
+
+    p0 = Vec.new(isect.pl.x + eps * isect.n.x,
+                isect.pl.y + eps * isect.n.y,
+                isect.pl.z + eps * isect.n.z)
+    nphi.times do |j|
+      ntheta.times do |i|
+        r = rand
+        phi = 2.0 * 3.14159265 * rand
+        x = Math.cos(phi) * Math.sqrt(1.0 - r)
+        y = Math.sin(phi) * Math.sqrt(1.0 - r)
+        z = Math.sqrt(r)
+
+        rx = x * basis[0].x + y * basis[1].x + z * basis[2].x
+        ry = x * basis[0].y + y * basis[1].y + z * basis[2].y
+        rz = x * basis[0].z + y * basis[1].z + z * basis[2].z
+
+        raydir = Vec.new(rx, ry, rz)
+        ray = Ray.new(p0, raydir)
+
+        occisect = Isect.new
+        @spheres[0].intersect(ray, occisect)
+        @spheres[1].intersect(ray, occisect)
+        @spheres[2].intersect(ray, occisect)
+        @plane.intersect(ray, occisect)
+        if occisect.hit then
+          occlusion = occlusion + 1.0
+        else
+          0.0
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    occlusion = (ntheta.to_f * nphi.to_f - occlusion) / (ntheta.to_f * nphi.to_f)
+
+    Vec.new(occlusion, occlusion, occlusion)
+  end
+
+  def render(w, h, nsubsamples)
+    cnt = 0
+    nsf = nsubsamples.to_f
+    h.times do |y|
+      w.times do |x|
+        rad = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+
+        # Subsampling
+        nsubsamples.times do |v|
+          nsubsamples.times do |u|
+
+            cnt = cnt + 1
+            wf = w.to_f
+            hf = h.to_f
+            xf = x.to_f
+            yf = y.to_f
+            uf = u.to_f
+            vf = v.to_f
+
+            px = (xf + (uf / nsf) - (wf / 2.0)) / (wf / 2.0)
+            py = -(yf + (vf / nsf) - (hf / 2.0)) / (hf / 2.0)
+
+            eye = Vec.new(px, py, -1.0).vnormalize
+
+            ray = Ray.new(Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), eye)
+
+            isect = Isect.new
+            @spheres[0].intersect(ray, isect)
+            @spheres[1].intersect(ray, isect)
+            @spheres[2].intersect(ray, isect)
+            @plane.intersect(ray, isect)
+            if isect.hit then
+              col = ambient_occlusion(isect)
+              rad.x = rad.x + col.x
+              rad.y = rad.y + col.y
+              rad.z = rad.z + col.z
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        r = rad.x / (nsf * nsf)
+        g = rad.y / (nsf * nsf)
+        b = rad.z / (nsf * nsf)
+        printf("%c", clamp(r))
+        printf("%c", clamp(g))
+        printf("%c", clamp(b))
+      end
+      nil
+    end
+
+    nil
+  end
+end
+
+alias printf_orig printf
+def printf *args
+  # $fp.printf(*args)
+end
+
+# File.open("ao.ppm", "w") do |fp|
+  # $fp = fp
+  printf("P6\n")
+  printf("%d %d\n", IMAGE_WIDTH, IMAGE_HEIGHT)
+  printf("255\n")
+  Scene.new.render(IMAGE_WIDTH, IMAGE_HEIGHT, NSUBSAMPLES)
+# end
+
+undef printf
+alias printf printf_orig
diff --git a/benchmark/app_erb.yml b/benchmark/app_erb.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..31e29b7644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/app_erb.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#
+# Create many HTML strings with ERB.
+#
+prelude: |
+  require 'erb'
+
+  data = <<erb
+  <html>
+    <head> <%= title %> </head>
+    <body>
+      <h1> <%= title %> </h1>
+      <p>
+        <%= content %>
+      </p>
+    </body>
+  </html>
+  erb
+
+  title = "hello world!"
+  content = "hello world!\n" * 10
+benchmark:
+  app_erb: ERB.new(data).result(binding)
+loop_count: 15000
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_factorial.rb b/benchmark/app_factorial.rb
index 45f471dfdb..45f471dfdb 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_factorial.rb
+++ b/benchmark/app_factorial.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_fib.rb b/benchmark/app_fib.rb
index 34a7b2e725..34a7b2e725 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_fib.rb
+++ b/benchmark/app_fib.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/app_lc_fizzbuzz.rb b/benchmark/app_lc_fizzbuzz.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f09574bbeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/app_lc_fizzbuzz.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#
+# FizzBuzz program using only lambda calculus
+#
+# This program is quoted from
+#   "Understanding Computation" by Tom Stuart
+#   http://computationbook.com/
+#
+# You can understand why this program works fine by reading this book.
+#
+
+solution = -> k { -> f { -> f { -> x { f[-> y { x[x][y] }] }[-> x { f[-> y { x[x][y] }] }] }[-> f { -> l { -> x { -> g { -> b { b }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { x } }] }[l]][x][-> y { g[f[-> l { -> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[l]] }[l]][x][g]][-> l { -> p { p[-> x { -> y { x } }] }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[l]] }[l]][y] }] } } } }][k][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { x } }][-> x { -> y { x } }]][-> l { -> x { -> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[l][f[x]] } }] } }[-> f { -> x { f[-> y { x[x][y] }] }[-> x { f[-> y { x[x][y] }] }] }[-> f { -> m { -> n { -> b { b }[-> m { -> n { -> n { n[-> x { -> x { -> y { y } } }][-> x { -> y { x } }] }[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { p[-> x { -> y { x } }] }[n[-> p { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]]] }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { -> x { x } }][-> p { -> x { x } }]]] }][m] } }[m][n]] } }[m][n]][-> x { -> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[f[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[m]][n]][m][x] }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { x } }][-> x { -> y { x } }]] } } }][-> p { -> x { p[x] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] } }]][-> n { -> b { b }[-> n { n[-> x { -> x { -> y { y } } }][-> x { -> y { x } }] }[-> f { -> x { f[-> y { x[x][y] }] }[-> x { f[-> y { x[x][y] }] }] }[-> f { -> m { -> n { -> b { b }[-> m { -> n { -> n { n[-> x { -> x { -> y { y } } }][-> x { -> y { x } }] }[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { p[-> x { -> y { x } }] }[n[-> p { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]]] }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { -> x { x } }][-> p { -> x { x } }]]] }][m] } }[m][n]] } }[n][m]][-> x { f[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { p[-> x { -> y { x } }] }[n[-> p { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]]] }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { -> x { x } }][-> p { -> x { x } }]]] }][m] } }[m][n]][n][x] }][m] } } }][n][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] } }]]][-> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[-> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[-> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[-> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[-> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[-> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[-> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[-> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { x } }][-> x { -> y { x } }]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]]]]]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]]]]]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]]]]][-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]]]]]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]]]]]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]]]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]]][-> b { b }[-> n { n[-> x { -> x { -> y { y } } }][-> x { -> y { x } }] }[-> f { -> x { f[-> y { x[x][y] }] }[-> x { f[-> y { x[x][y] }] }] }[-> f { -> m { -> n { -> b { b }[-> m { -> n { -> n { n[-> x { -> x { -> y { y } } }][-> x { -> y { x } }] }[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { p[-> x { -> y { x } }] }[n[-> p { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]]] }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { -> x { x } }][-> p { -> x { x } }]]] }][m] } }[m][n]] } }[n][m]][-> x { f[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { p[-> x { -> y { x } }] }[n[-> p { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]]] }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { -> x { x } }][-> p { -> x { x } }]]] }][m] } }[m][n]][n][x] }][m] } } }][n][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[x]]] } }]]][-> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[-> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[-> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[-> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { x } }][-> x { -> y { x } }]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]]]]]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]]]]]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]]]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]]][-> b { b }[-> n { n[-> x { -> x { -> y { y } } }][-> x { -> y { x } }] }[-> f { -> x { f[-> y { x[x][y] }] }[-> x { f[-> y { x[x][y] }] }] }[-> f { -> m { -> n { -> b { b }[-> m { -> n { -> n { n[-> x { -> x { -> y { y } } }][-> x { -> y { x } }] }[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { p[-> x { -> y { x } }] }[n[-> p { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]]] }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { -> x { x } }][-> p { -> x { x } }]]] }][m] } }[m][n]] } }[n][m]][-> x { f[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { p[-> x { -> y { x } }] }[n[-> p { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]]] }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { -> x { x } }][-> p { -> x { x } }]]] }][m] } }[m][n]][n][x] }][m] } } }][n][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]][-> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[-> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[-> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[-> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { x } }][-> x { -> y { x } }]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]]]]]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]]]]]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]]]]][-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]][-> f { -> x { f[-> y { x[x][y] }] }[-> x { f[-> y { x[x][y] }] }] }[-> f { -> n { -> l { -> x { -> f { -> x { f[-> y { x[x][y] }] }[-> x { f[-> y { x[x][y] }] }] }[-> f { -> l { -> x { -> g { -> b { b }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { x } }] }[l]][x][-> y { g[f[-> l { -> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[l]] }[l]][x][g]][-> l { -> p { p[-> x { -> y { x } }] }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[l]] }[l]][y] }] } } } }][l][-> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }[-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { x } }][-> x { -> y { x } }]][x]][-> l { -> x { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { y } }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[x][l]] } }] } }[-> b { b }[-> m { -> n { -> n { n[-> x { -> x { -> y { y } } }][-> x { -> y { x } }] }[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { p[-> x { -> y { x } }] }[n[-> p { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]]] }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { -> x { x } }][-> p { -> x { x } }]]] }][m] } }[m][n]] } }[n][-> n { -> p { p[-> x { -> y { x } }] }[n[-> p { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]]] }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { -> x { x } }][-> p { -> x { x } }]]] }[-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]]][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> x { -> y { x } }][-> x { -> y { x } }]][-> x { f[-> f { -> x { f[-> y { x[x][y] }] }[-> x { f[-> y { x[x][y] }] }] }[-> f { -> m { -> n { -> b { b }[-> m { -> n { -> n { n[-> x { -> x { -> y { y } } }][-> x { -> y { x } }] }[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { p[-> x { -> y { x } }] }[n[-> p { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]]] }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { -> x { x } }][-> p { -> x { x } }]]] }][m] } }[m][n]] } }[n][m]][-> x { -> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[f[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { p[-> x { -> y { x } }] }[n[-> p { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]]] }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { -> x { x } }][-> p { -> x { x } }]]] }][m] } }[m][n]][n]][x] }][-> p { -> x { x } }] } } }][n][-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]][x] }]][-> f { -> x { f[-> y { x[x][y] }] }[-> x { f[-> y { x[x][y] }] }] }[-> f { -> m { -> n { -> b { b }[-> m { -> n { -> n { n[-> x { -> x { -> y { y } } }][-> x { -> y { x } }] }[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { p[-> x { -> y { x } }] }[n[-> p { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]]] }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { -> x { x } }][-> p { -> x { x } }]]] }][m] } }[m][n]] } }[n][m]][-> x { f[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { p[-> x { -> y { x } }] }[n[-> p { -> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]][-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }[-> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } }] }[p]]] }][-> x { -> y { -> f { f[x][y] } } }[-> p { -> x { x } }][-> p { -> x { x } }]]] }][m] } }[m][n]][n][x] }][m] } } }][n][-> m { -> n { n[-> m { -> n { n[-> n { -> p { -> x { p[n[p][x]] } } }][m] } }[m]][-> p { -> x { x } }] } }[-> p { -> x { p[p[x]] } }][-> p { -> x { p[p[p[p[p[x]]]]] } }]]] } }][n]]]] }]
+
+FIRST     = -> l { LEFT[RIGHT[l]] }
+IF        = -> b { b }
+LEFT      = -> p { p[-> x { -> y { x } } ] }
+RIGHT     = -> p { p[-> x { -> y { y } } ] }
+IS_EMPTY  = LEFT
+REST      = -> l { RIGHT[RIGHT[l]] }
+
+def to_integer(proc)
+  proc[-> n { n + 1 }][0]
+end
+
+def to_boolean(proc)
+  IF[proc][true][false]
+end
+
+def to_array(proc)
+  array = []
+
+  until to_boolean(IS_EMPTY[proc])
+    array.push(FIRST[proc])
+    proc = REST[proc]
+  end
+
+  array
+end
+
+def to_char(c)
+  '0123456789BFiuz'.slice(to_integer(c))
+end
+
+def to_string(s)
+  to_array(s).map { |c| to_char(c) }.join
+end
+
+answer = to_array(solution).map do |p|
+  to_string(p)
+end
+
+answer_ary = answer.to_a
+# puts answer_ary
diff --git a/benchmark/app_mandelbrot.rb b/benchmark/app_mandelbrot.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..801b75e8e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/app_mandelbrot.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+require 'complex'
+
+def mandelbrot? z
+  i = 0
+  while i<100
+    i += 1
+    z = z * z
+    return false if z.abs > 2
+  end
+  true
+end
+
+ary = []
+
+(0..1000).each{|dx|
+  (0..1000).each{|dy|
+    x = dx / 50.0
+    y = dy / 50.0
+    c = Complex(x, y)
+    ary << c if mandelbrot?(c)
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/benchmark/app_pentomino.rb b/benchmark/app_pentomino.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47be7b203f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/app_pentomino.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#!/usr/local/bin/ruby
+# This program is contributed by Shin Nishiyama
+
+
+# modified by K.Sasada
+
+NP = 5
+ROW = 8 + NP
+COL = 8
+
+$p = []
+$b = []
+$no = 0
+
+def piece(n, a, nb)
+  nb.each{|x|
+    a[n] = x
+    if n == NP-1
+      $p << [a.sort]
+    else
+      nbc=nb.dup
+      [-ROW, -1, 1, ROW].each{|d|
+        if x+d > 0 and not a.include?(x+d) and not nbc.include?(x+d)
+          nbc << x+d
+        end
+      }
+      nbc.delete x
+      piece(n+1,a[0..n],nbc)
+    end
+  }
+end
+
+def kikaku(a)
+  a.collect {|x| x - a[0]}
+end
+def ud(a)
+  kikaku(a.collect {|x| ((x+NP)%ROW)-ROW*((x+NP)/ROW) }.sort)
+end
+def rl(a)
+  kikaku(a.collect {|x| ROW*((x+NP)/ROW)+ROW-((x+NP)%ROW)}.sort)
+end
+def xy(a)
+  kikaku(a.collect {|x| ROW*((x+NP)%ROW) + (x+NP)/ROW }.sort)
+end
+
+def mkpieces
+  piece(0,[],[0])
+  $p.each do |a|
+    a0 = a[0]
+    a[1] = ud(a0)
+    a[2] = rl(a0)
+    a[3] = ud(rl(a0))
+    a[4] = xy(a0)
+    a[5] = ud(xy(a0))
+    a[6] = rl(xy(a0))
+    a[7] = ud(rl(xy(a0)))
+    a.sort!
+    a.uniq!
+  end
+  $p.uniq!.sort! {|x,y| x[0] <=> y[0] }
+end
+
+def mkboard
+  (0...ROW*COL).each{|i|
+    if i % ROW >= ROW-NP
+      $b[i] = -2
+    else
+      $b[i] = -1
+    end
+    $b[3*ROW+3]=$b[3*ROW+4]=$b[4*ROW+3]=$b[4*ROW+4]=-2
+  }
+end
+
+def pboard
+  return # skip print
+  print "No. #$no\n"
+  (0...COL).each{|i|
+    print "|"
+    (0...ROW-NP).each{|j|
+      x = $b[i*ROW+j]
+      if x < 0
+        print "..|"
+      else
+        printf "%2d|",x+1
+      end
+    }
+    print "\n"
+  }
+  print "\n"
+end
+
+$pnum=[]
+def setpiece(a,pos)
+  if a.length == $p.length then
+    $no += 1
+    pboard
+    return
+  end
+  while $b[pos] != -1
+    pos += 1
+  end
+  ($pnum - a).each do |i|
+    $p[i].each do |x|
+      f = 0
+      x.each{|s|
+        if $b[pos+s] != -1
+          f=1
+          break
+        end
+      }
+      if f == 0 then
+        x.each{|s|
+          $b[pos+s] = i
+        }
+        a << i
+        setpiece(a.dup, pos)
+        a.pop
+        x.each{|s|
+          $b[pos+s] = -1
+        }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+mkpieces
+mkboard
+$p[4] = [$p[4][0]]
+$pnum = (0...$p.length).to_a
+setpiece([],0)
diff --git a/benchmark/app_raise.rb b/benchmark/app_raise.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5db8f95d50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/app_raise.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+i = 0
+while i<300000
+  i += 1
+  begin
+    raise
+  rescue
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/app_strconcat.rb b/benchmark/app_strconcat.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7eed7c1aed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/app_strconcat.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+i = 0
+while i<2_000_000
+  "#{1+1} #{1+1} #{1+1}"
+  i += 1
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_tak.rb b/benchmark/app_tak.rb
index efe5380f4e..efe5380f4e 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_tak.rb
+++ b/benchmark/app_tak.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_tarai.rb b/benchmark/app_tarai.rb
index 4c146f5ccf..4c146f5ccf 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_tarai.rb
+++ b/benchmark/app_tarai.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_uri.rb b/benchmark/app_uri.rb
index 586edfd5dc..586edfd5dc 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_uri.rb
+++ b/benchmark/app_uri.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/array_flatten.yml b/benchmark/array_flatten.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88ef544ba0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_flatten.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+prelude: |
+  small_flat_ary = 5.times.to_a
+  large_flat_ary = 100.times.to_a
+  small_pairs_ary = [[1, 2]] * 5
+  large_pairs_ary = [[1, 2]] * 100
+  mostly_flat_ary = 100.times.to_a.push([101, 102])
+
+benchmark:
+  small_flat_ary.flatten: small_flat_ary.flatten
+  small_flat_ary.flatten!: small_flat_ary.flatten!
+  large_flat_ary.flatten: large_flat_ary.flatten
+  large_flat_ary.flatten!: large_flat_ary.flatten!
+  small_pairs_ary.flatten: small_pairs_ary.flatten
+  small_pairs_ary.flatten!: small_pairs_ary.dup.flatten!
+  large_pairs_ary.flatten: large_pairs_ary.flatten
+  large_pairs_ary.flatten!: large_pairs_ary.dup.flatten!
+  mostly_flat_ary.flatten: mostly_flat_ary.flatten
+  mostly_flat_ary.flatten!: mostly_flat_ary.dup.flatten!
+loop_count: 10000
diff --git a/benchmark/array_intersection.yml b/benchmark/array_intersection.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26705323fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_intersection.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+prelude: |
+  small1 = [1, 2, 3]
+  small2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+  small3 = [2, 3, 4, 5]
+  small4 = [2]
+  big1 = [1, 2, 3, 4] * 64
+  big2 = [1, 2, 3] * 64
+  big3 = [1, 2] * 64
+
+benchmark:
+  small-&: small1 & small2 & small3 & small4
+  small-intersection: small1.intersection(small2, small3, small4)
+  big-&: big1 & big2 & big3
+  big-intersection: big1.intersection(big2, big3)
diff --git a/benchmark/array_max_float.yml b/benchmark/array_max_float.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ace1ae2e14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_max_float.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+prelude: |
+  ary2 = 2.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary10 = 10.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary100 = 100.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary500 = 500.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary1000 = 1000.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary2000 = 2500.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary3000 = 2500.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary5000 = 5000.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary10000 = 10000.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary20000 = 20000.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary50000 = 50000.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+  ary100000 = 100000.times.map(&:to_f).shuffle
+
+benchmark:
+  ary2.max: ary2.max
+  ary10.max: ary10.max
+  ary100.max: ary100.max
+  ary500.max: ary500.max
+  ary1000.max: ary1000.max
+  ary2000.max: ary2000.max
+  ary3000.max: ary3000.max
+  ary5000.max: ary5000.max
+  ary10000.max: ary10000.max
+  ary20000.max: ary20000.max
+  ary50000.max: ary50000.max
+  ary100000.max: ary100000.max
+
+loop_count: 10000
+
diff --git a/benchmark/array_max_int.yml b/benchmark/array_max_int.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..acd83684d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_max_int.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+prelude: |
+  ary2 = 2.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary10 = 10.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary100 = 100.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary500 = 500.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary1000 = 1000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary2000 = 2500.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary3000 = 2500.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary5000 = 5000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary10000 = 10000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary20000 = 20000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary50000 = 50000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary100000 = 100000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary1000000 = 1000000.times.to_a.shuffle
+
+benchmark:
+  ary2.max: ary2.max
+  ary10.max: ary10.max
+  ary100.max: ary100.max
+  ary500.max: ary500.max
+  ary1000.max: ary1000.max
+  ary2000.max: ary2000.max
+  ary3000.max: ary3000.max
+  ary5000.max: ary5000.max
+  ary10000.max: ary10000.max
+  ary20000.max: ary20000.max
+  ary50000.max: ary50000.max
+  ary100000.max: ary100000.max
+  ary1000000.max: ary1000000.max
+
+loop_count: 10000
diff --git a/benchmark/array_max_str.yml b/benchmark/array_max_str.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2aeed010f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_max_str.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+prelude: |
+  ary2 = 2.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary10 = 10.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary100 = 100.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary500 = 500.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary1000 = 1000.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary2000 = 2500.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary3000 = 2500.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary5000 = 5000.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary10000 = 10000.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary20000 = 20000.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary50000 = 50000.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+  ary100000 = 100000.times.map(&:to_s).shuffle
+
+benchmark:
+  ary2.max: ary2.max
+  ary10.max: ary10.max
+  ary100.max: ary100.max
+  ary500.max: ary500.max
+  ary1000.max: ary1000.max
+  ary2000.max: ary2000.max
+  ary3000.max: ary3000.max
+  ary5000.max: ary5000.max
+  ary10000.max: ary10000.max
+  ary20000.max: ary20000.max
+  ary50000.max: ary50000.max
+  ary100000.max: ary100000.max
+
+loop_count: 10000
+
diff --git a/benchmark/array_min.yml b/benchmark/array_min.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..53e5072b14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_min.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+prelude: |
+  ary2 = 2.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary10 = 10.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary100 = 100.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary500 = 500.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary1000 = 1000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary2000 = 2500.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary3000 = 2500.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary5000 = 5000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary10000 = 10000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary20000 = 20000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary50000 = 50000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary100000 = 100000.times.to_a.shuffle
+  ary1000000 = 1000000.times.to_a.shuffle
+
+benchmark:
+  ary2.min: ary2.min
+  ary10.min: ary10.min
+  ary100.min: ary100.min
+  ary500.min: ary500.min
+  ary1000.min: ary1000.min
+  ary2000.min: ary2000.min
+  ary3000.min: ary3000.min
+  ary5000.min: ary5000.min
+  ary10000.min: ary10000.min
+  ary20000.min: ary20000.min
+  ary50000.min: ary50000.min
+  ary100000.min: ary100000.min
+  ary1000000.min: ary1000000.min
+
+loop_count: 10000
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sample_100k_10.rb b/benchmark/array_sample_100k_10.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f41ecc32b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sample_100k_10.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+arr = [*0...100000]
+10_000.times {arr.sample 10}
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sample_100k_11.rb b/benchmark/array_sample_100k_11.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18b1715319
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sample_100k_11.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+arr = [*0...100000]
+10_000.times {arr.sample 11}
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sample_100k__100.rb b/benchmark/array_sample_100k__100.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22863afe89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sample_100k__100.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+arr = [*0...100000]
+10_000.times {arr.sample 100}
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sample_100k__1k.rb b/benchmark/array_sample_100k__1k.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4cd79e6c67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sample_100k__1k.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+arr = [*0...100000]
+10_000.times {arr.sample 1000}
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sample_100k__6k.rb b/benchmark/array_sample_100k__6k.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3d264249e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sample_100k__6k.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+arr = [*0...100000]
+10_000.times {arr.sample 6000}
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sample_100k___10k.rb b/benchmark/array_sample_100k___10k.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5dd55ec058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sample_100k___10k.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+arr = [*0...100000]
+10_000.times {arr.sample 10_000}
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sample_100k___50k.rb b/benchmark/array_sample_100k___50k.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1506732c3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sample_100k___50k.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+arr = [*0...100000]
+10_000.times {arr.sample 50_000}
diff --git a/benchmark/array_shift.rb b/benchmark/array_shift.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..798bb9e3f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_shift.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+require 'benchmark'
+
+Benchmark.bm do |x|
+  [10_000,1_000_000,100_000_000].each do |n|
+    ary = Array.new(n,0)
+    GC.start
+    x.report("#{n}:shift"){ ary.shift }
+    (0..4).each do |i|
+      ary = Array.new(n,0)
+      GC.start
+      x.report("#{n}:shift(#{i})"){ ary.shift(i) }
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/array_small_and.rb b/benchmark/array_small_and.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e53a6edae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_small_and.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+MIN_SIZE = ENV.fetch('SMALL_ARRAY_MIN', 0).to_i
+MAX_SIZE = ENV.fetch('SMALL_ARRAY_MAX', 16).to_i
+ITERATIONS = ENV.fetch('SMALL_ARRAY_ITERATIONS', 100).to_i
+
+ARRAYS = (MIN_SIZE..MAX_SIZE).map do |size1|
+  (MIN_SIZE..MAX_SIZE).map do |size2|
+    [Array.new(size1) { rand(MAX_SIZE) }, Array.new(size2) { rand(MAX_SIZE) }]
+  end
+end
+
+ITERATIONS.times do
+  ARRAYS.each do |group|
+    group.each do |arr1, arr2|
+      arr1 & arr2
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/array_small_diff.rb b/benchmark/array_small_diff.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9661ee48db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_small_diff.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+MIN_SIZE = ENV.fetch('SMALL_ARRAY_MIN', 0).to_i
+MAX_SIZE = ENV.fetch('SMALL_ARRAY_MAX', 16).to_i
+ITERATIONS = ENV.fetch('SMALL_ARRAY_ITERATIONS', 100).to_i
+
+ARRAYS = (MIN_SIZE..MAX_SIZE).map do |size1|
+  (MIN_SIZE..MAX_SIZE).map do |size2|
+    [Array.new(size1) { rand(MAX_SIZE) }, Array.new(size2) { rand(MAX_SIZE) }]
+  end
+end
+
+ITERATIONS.times do
+  ARRAYS.each do |group|
+    group.each do |arr1, arr2|
+      arr1 - arr2
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/array_small_or.rb b/benchmark/array_small_or.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c58b5fd1ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_small_or.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+MIN_SIZE = ENV.fetch('SMALL_ARRAY_MIN', 0).to_i
+MAX_SIZE = ENV.fetch('SMALL_ARRAY_MAX', 16).to_i
+ITERATIONS = ENV.fetch('SMALL_ARRAY_ITERATIONS', 100).to_i
+
+ARRAYS = (MIN_SIZE..MAX_SIZE).map do |size1|
+  (MIN_SIZE..MAX_SIZE).map do |size2|
+    [Array.new(size1) { rand(MAX_SIZE) }, Array.new(size2) { rand(MAX_SIZE) }]
+  end
+end
+
+ITERATIONS.times do
+  ARRAYS.each do |group|
+    group.each do |arr1, arr2|
+      arr1 | arr2
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sort_block.rb b/benchmark/array_sort_block.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3579786056
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sort_block.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ary = Array.new(1000) { rand(1000) }
+10000.times { ary.sort { |a, b| a <=> b } }
diff --git a/benchmark/array_sort_float.rb b/benchmark/array_sort_float.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a6e2f8bd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_sort_float.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+arr = Array.new(1000) { rand }
+10000.times { arr.sort }
diff --git a/benchmark/array_values_at_int.rb b/benchmark/array_values_at_int.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6cb394cb9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_values_at_int.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ary = Array.new(10000) {|i| i}
+100000.times { ary.values_at(500) }
diff --git a/benchmark/array_values_at_range.rb b/benchmark/array_values_at_range.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b53806d1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/array_values_at_range.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ary = Array.new(10000) {|i| i}
+100000.times { ary.values_at(1..2000) }
diff --git a/benchmark/bighash.rb b/benchmark/bighash.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2ad5a5c94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/bighash.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+h = {}; 5000000.times {|n| h[n] = n }
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_erb.rb b/benchmark/bm_app_erb.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 77c66a7949..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_erb.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Create many HTML strings with ERB.
-#
-
-require 'erb'
-
-data = DATA.read
-max = 15_000
-title = "hello world!"
-content = "hello world!\n" * 10
-
-max.times{
-  ERB.new(data).result(binding)
-}
-
-__END__
-
-<html>
-  <head> <%= title %> </head>
-  <body>
-    <h1> <%= title %> </h1>
-    <p>
-      <%= content %>
-    </p>
-  </body>
-</html>
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_mandelbrot.rb b/benchmark/bm_app_mandelbrot.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 89069db7ab..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_mandelbrot.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-require 'complex'
-
-def mandelbrot? z
-  i = 0
-  while i<100
-    i+=1
-    z = z * z
-    return false if z.abs > 2
-  end
-  true
-end
-
-ary = []
-
-(0..1000).each{|dx|
-  (0..1000).each{|dy|
-    x = dx / 50.0
-    y = dy / 50.0
-    c = Complex(x, y)
-    ary << c if mandelbrot?(c)
-  }
-}
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_pentomino.rb b/benchmark/bm_app_pentomino.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 59c63f358e..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_pentomino.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,259 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/local/bin/ruby
-# This program is contributed by Shin Nishiyama
-
-
-# modified by K.Sasada
-
-NP = 5
-ROW = 8 + NP
-COL = 8
-
-$p = []
-$b = []
-$no = 0
-
-def piece(n, a, nb)
-  nb.each{|x|
-    a[n] = x
-    if n == NP-1
-      $p << [a.sort]
-    else
-      nbc=nb.dup
-      [-ROW, -1, 1, ROW].each{|d|
-        if x+d > 0 and not a.include?(x+d) and not nbc.include?(x+d)
-          nbc << x+d
-        end
-      }
-      nbc.delete x
-      piece(n+1,a[0..n],nbc)
-    end
-  }
-end
-
-def kikaku(a)
-  a.collect {|x| x - a[0]}
-end
-def ud(a)
-  kikaku(a.collect {|x| ((x+NP)%ROW)-ROW*((x+NP)/ROW) }.sort)
-end
-def rl(a)
-  kikaku(a.collect {|x| ROW*((x+NP)/ROW)+ROW-((x+NP)%ROW)}.sort)
-end
-def xy(a)
-  kikaku(a.collect {|x| ROW*((x+NP)%ROW) + (x+NP)/ROW }.sort)
-end
-
-def mkpieces
-  piece(0,[],[0])
-  $p.each do |a|
-    a0 = a[0]
-    a[1] = ud(a0)
-    a[2] = rl(a0)
-    a[3] = ud(rl(a0))
-    a[4] = xy(a0)
-    a[5] = ud(xy(a0))
-    a[6] = rl(xy(a0))
-    a[7] = ud(rl(xy(a0)))
-    a.sort!
-    a.uniq!
-  end
-  $p.uniq!.sort! {|x,y| x[0] <=> y[0] }
-end
-
-def mkboard
-  (0...ROW*COL).each{|i|
-    if i % ROW >= ROW-NP
-      $b[i] = -2
-    else
-      $b[i] = -1
-    end
-    $b[3*ROW+3]=$b[3*ROW+4]=$b[4*ROW+3]=$b[4*ROW+4]=-2
-  }
-end
-
-def pboard
-  return # skip print
-  print "No. #$no\n"
-  (0...COL).each{|i|
-    print "|"
-    (0...ROW-NP).each{|j|
-      x = $b[i*ROW+j]
-      if x < 0
-        print "..|"
-      else
-        printf "%2d|",x+1
-      end
-    }
-    print "\n"
-  }
-  print "\n"
-end
-
-$pnum=[]
-def setpiece(a,pos)
-  if a.length == $p.length then
-    $no += 1
-    pboard
-    return
-  end
-  while $b[pos] != -1
-    pos += 1
-  end
-  ($pnum - a).each do |i|
-    $p[i].each do |x|
-      f = 0
-      x.each{|s|
-        if $b[pos+s] != -1
-          f=1
-          break
-        end
-      }
-      if f == 0 then
-        x.each{|s|
-          $b[pos+s] = i
-        }
-        a << i
-        setpiece(a.dup, pos)
-        a.pop
-        x.each{|s|
-          $b[pos+s] = -1
-        }
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-mkpieces
-mkboard
-$p[4] = [$p[4][0]]
-$pnum = (0...$p.length).to_a
-setpiece([],0)
-
-
-__END__
-
-# original
-
-NP = 5
-ROW = 8 + NP
-COL = 8
-
-$p = []
-$b = []
-$no = 0
-
-def piece(n,a,nb)
-  for x in nb
-    a[n] = x
-    if n == NP-1
-      $p << [a.sort]
-    else
-      nbc=nb.dup
-      for d in [-ROW, -1, 1, ROW]
-        if x+d > 0 and not a.include?(x+d) and not nbc.include?(x+d)
-          nbc << x+d
-        end
-      end
-      nbc.delete x
-      piece(n+1,a[0..n],nbc)
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-def kikaku(a)
-  a.collect {|x| x - a[0]}
-end
-def ud(a)
-  kikaku(a.collect {|x| ((x+NP)%ROW)-ROW*((x+NP)/ROW) }.sort)
-end
-def rl(a)
-  kikaku(a.collect {|x| ROW*((x+NP)/ROW)+ROW-((x+NP)%ROW)}.sort)
-end
-def xy(a)
-  kikaku(a.collect {|x| ROW*((x+NP)%ROW) + (x+NP)/ROW }.sort)
-end
-
-def mkpieces
-  piece(0,[],[0])
-  $p.each do |a|
-    a0 = a[0]
-    a[1] = ud(a0)
-    a[2] = rl(a0)
-    a[3] = ud(rl(a0))
-    a[4] = xy(a0)
-    a[5] = ud(xy(a0))
-    a[6] = rl(xy(a0))
-    a[7] = ud(rl(xy(a0)))
-    a.sort!
-    a.uniq!
-  end
-  $p.uniq!.sort! {|x,y| x[0] <=> y[0] }
-end
-
-def mkboard
-  for i in 0...ROW*COL
-    if i % ROW >= ROW-NP
-      $b[i] = -2
-    else
-      $b[i] = -1
-    end
-    $b[3*ROW+3]=$b[3*ROW+4]=$b[4*ROW+3]=$b[4*ROW+4]=-2
-  end
-end
-
-def pboard
-  print "No. #$no\n"
-  for i in 0...COL
-    print "|"
-    for j in 0...ROW-NP
-      x = $b[i*ROW+j]
-      if x < 0
-        print "..|"
-      else
-        printf "%2d|",x+1
-      end
-    end
-    print "\n"
-  end
-  print "\n"
-end
-
-$pnum=[]
-def setpiece(a,pos)
-  if a.length == $p.length then
-    $no += 1
-    pboard
-    return
-  end
-  while $b[pos] != -1
-    pos += 1
-  end
-  ($pnum - a).each do |i|
-    $p[i].each do |x|
-      f = 0
-      for s in x do
-        if $b[pos+s] != -1
-          f=1
-          break
-        end
-      end
-      if f == 0 then
-        for s in x do
-          $b[pos+s] = i
-        end
-        a << i
-        setpiece(a.dup, pos)
-        a.pop
-        for s in x do
-          $b[pos+s] = -1
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-mkpieces
-mkboard
-$p[4] = [$p[4][0]]
-$pnum = (0...$p.length).to_a
-setpiece([],0)
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_raise.rb b/benchmark/bm_app_raise.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 01d2ae3219..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_raise.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-i=0
-while i<300000
-  i+=1
-  begin
-    raise
-  rescue
-  end
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_app_strconcat.rb b/benchmark/bm_app_strconcat.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 7b2f2da5a7..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_app_strconcat.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-i=0
-while i<2_000_000
-  "#{1+1} #{1+1} #{1+1}"
-  i+=1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_io_select2.rb b/benchmark/bm_io_select2.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 7b167af774..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_io_select2.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-# IO.select performance. worst case of single fd.
-
-ios = []
-nr = 1000000
-max = Process.getrlimit(Process::RLIMIT_NOFILE)[0]
-puts "max fd: #{max} (results not apparent with <= 1024 max fd)"
-
-((max / 2) - 10).times do
-  ios.concat IO.pipe
-end
-
-last = [ ios[-1] ]
-puts "last IO: #{last[0].inspect}"
-
-nr.times do
-  IO.select nil, last
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_io_select3.rb b/benchmark/bm_io_select3.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index fcdbb96e0e..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_io_select3.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# IO.select performance. a lot of fd
-
-ios = []
-nr = 100
-max = Process.getrlimit(Process::RLIMIT_NOFILE)[0]
-puts "max fd: #{max} (results not apparent with <= 1024 max fd)"
-
-(max - 10).times do
-  r, w = IO.pipe
-  r.close
-  ios.push w
-end
-
-nr.times do
-  IO.select nil, ios
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_loop_whileloop.rb b/benchmark/bm_loop_whileloop.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 43d35e1131..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_loop_whileloop.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-i=0
-while i<30_000_000 # benchmark loop 1
-  i+=1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_loop_whileloop2.rb b/benchmark/bm_loop_whileloop2.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index e514989661..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_loop_whileloop2.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-i=0
-while i< 6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i+=1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_ackermann.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_ackermann.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 7db5be9050..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_ackermann.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby -*-
-# $Id: ackermann-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:40:41 bfulgham Exp $
-# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
-
-def ack(m, n)
-    if m == 0 then
-        n + 1
-    elsif n == 0 then
-        ack(m - 1, 1)
-    else
-        ack(m - 1, ack(m, n - 1))
-    end
-end
-
-NUM = 9
-ack(3, NUM)
-
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_array.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_array.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 2b8fce8f99..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_array.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby -*-
-# $Id: ary-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:41:27 bfulgham Exp $
-# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
-# with help from Paul Brannan and Mark Hubbart
-
-n = 9000 # Integer(ARGV.shift || 1)
-
-x = Array.new(n)
-y = Array.new(n, 0)
-
-n.times{|bi|
-  x[bi] = bi + 1
-}
-
-(0 .. 999).each do |e|
-  (n-1).step(0,-1) do |bi|
-    y[bi] += x.at(bi)
-  end
-end
-# puts "#{y.first} #{y.last}"
-
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_binary_trees.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_binary_trees.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 6a26465578..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_binary_trees.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-# The Computer Language Shootout Benchmarks
-# http://shootout.alioth.debian.org
-#
-# contributed by Jesse Millikan
-
-# disable output
-def STDOUT.write_ *args
-end
-
-def item_check(tree)
- if tree[0] == nil
-  tree[1]
- else
-  tree[1] + item_check(tree[0]) - item_check(tree[2])
- end
-end
-
-def bottom_up_tree(item, depth)
- if depth > 0
-  item_item = 2 * item
-  depth -= 1
-  [bottom_up_tree(item_item - 1, depth), item, bottom_up_tree(item_item, depth)]
- else
-  [nil, item, nil]
- end
-end
-
-max_depth = 12 # 16 # ARGV[0].to_i
-min_depth = 4
-
-max_depth = min_depth + 2 if min_depth + 2 > max_depth
-
-stretch_depth = max_depth + 1
-stretch_tree = bottom_up_tree(0, stretch_depth)
-
-puts "stretch tree of depth #{stretch_depth}\t check: #{item_check(stretch_tree)}"
-stretch_tree = nil
-
-long_lived_tree = bottom_up_tree(0, max_depth)
-
-min_depth.step(max_depth + 1, 2) do |depth|
- iterations = 2**(max_depth - depth + min_depth)
-
- check = 0
-
- for i in 1..iterations
-  temp_tree = bottom_up_tree(i, depth)
-  check += item_check(temp_tree)
-
-  temp_tree = bottom_up_tree(-i, depth)
-  check += item_check(temp_tree)
- end
-
- puts "#{iterations * 2}\t trees of depth #{depth}\t check: #{check}"
-end
-
-puts "long lived tree of depth #{max_depth}\t check: #{item_check(long_lived_tree)}"
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_concatenate.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_concatenate.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 56b9410632..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_concatenate.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby -*-
-# $Id: strcat-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:43:28 bfulgham Exp $
-# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
-# based on code from Aristarkh A Zagorodnikov and Dat Nguyen
-
-STUFF = "hello\n"
-i=0
-while i<10
-  i+=1
-  hello = ''
-  4_000_000.times do |e|
-    hello << STUFF
-  end
-end
-# puts hello.length
-
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_count_words.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_count_words.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 65f6337a4a..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_count_words.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby -*-
-# $Id: wc-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:43:32 bfulgham Exp $
-# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
-# with help from Paul Brannan
-
-input = open(File.join(File.dirname($0), 'wc.input'), 'rb')
-
-nl = nw = nc = 0
-while true
-  tmp = input.read(4096) or break
-  data = tmp << (input.gets || "")
-  nc += data.length
-  nl += data.count("\n")
-  ((data.strip! || data).tr!("\n", " ") || data).squeeze!
-  nw += data.count(" ") + 1
-end
-# STDERR.puts "#{nl} #{nw} #{nc}"
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_exception.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_exception.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index d8b461290c..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_exception.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby -*-
-# $Id: except-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:41:33 bfulgham Exp $
-# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
-
-$HI = 0
-$LO = 0
-NUM = 250000 # Integer(ARGV[0] || 1)
-
-
-class Lo_Exception < Exception
-  def initialize(num)
-    @value = num
-  end
-end
-
-class Hi_Exception < Exception
-  def initialize(num)
-    @value = num
-  end
-end
-
-def some_function(num)
-  begin
-    hi_function(num)
-  rescue
-    print "We shouldn't get here, exception is: #{$!.type}\n"
-  end
-end
-
-def hi_function(num)
-  begin
-    lo_function(num)
-  rescue Hi_Exception
-    $HI = $HI + 1
-  end
-end
-
-def lo_function(num)
-  begin
-    blowup(num)
-  rescue Lo_Exception
-    $LO = $LO + 1
-  end
-end
-
-def blowup(num)
-  if num % 2 == 0
-    raise Lo_Exception.new(num)
-  else
-    raise Hi_Exception.new(num)
-  end
-end
-
-
-i = 1
-max = NUM+1
-while i < max
-  i+=1
-  some_function(i+1)
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_fasta.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_fasta.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 3f759ba7ae..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_fasta.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-# The Computer Language Shootout
-# http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
-# Contributed by Sokolov Yura
-
-$last = 42.0
-def gen_random (max,im=139968,ia=3877,ic=29573)
-    (max * ($last = ($last * ia + ic) % im)) / im
-end
-
-alu =
-   "GGCCGGGCGCGGTGGCTCACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGG"+
-   "GAGGCCGAGGCGGGCGGATCACCTGAGGTCAGGAGTTCGAGA"+
-   "CCAGCCTGGCCAACATGGTGAAACCCCGTCTCTACTAAAAAT"+
-   "ACAAAAATTAGCCGGGCGTGGTGGCGCGCGCCTGTAATCCCA"+
-   "GCTACTCGGGAGGCTGAGGCAGGAGAATCGCTTGAACCCGGG"+
-   "AGGCGGAGGTTGCAGTGAGCCGAGATCGCGCCACTGCACTCC"+
-   "AGCCTGGGCGACAGAGCGAGACTCCGTCTCAAAAA"
-
-iub = [
-    ["a", 0.27],
-    ["c", 0.12],
-    ["g", 0.12],
-    ["t", 0.27],
-
-    ["B", 0.02],
-    ["D", 0.02],
-    ["H", 0.02],
-    ["K", 0.02],
-    ["M", 0.02],
-    ["N", 0.02],
-    ["R", 0.02],
-    ["S", 0.02],
-    ["V", 0.02],
-    ["W", 0.02],
-    ["Y", 0.02],
-]
-homosapiens = [
-    ["a", 0.3029549426680],
-    ["c", 0.1979883004921],
-    ["g", 0.1975473066391],
-    ["t", 0.3015094502008],
-]
-
-def make_repeat_fasta(id, desc, src, n)
-    puts ">#{id} #{desc}"
-    v = nil
-    width = 60
-    l = src.length
-    s = src * ((n / l) + 1)
-    s.slice!(n, l)
-    puts(s.scan(/.{1,#{width}}/).join("\n"))
-end
-
-def make_random_fasta(id, desc, table, n)
-    puts ">#{id} #{desc}"
-    rand, v = nil,nil
-    width = 60
-    chunk = 1 * width
-    prob = 0.0
-    table.each{|v| v[1]= (prob += v[1])}
-    for i in 1..(n/width)
-        puts((1..width).collect{
-            rand = gen_random(1.0)
-            table.find{|v| v[1]>rand}[0]
-        }.join)
-    end
-    if n%width != 0
-        puts((1..(n%width)).collect{
-            rand = gen_random(1.0)
-            table.find{|v| v[1]>rand}[0]
-        }.join)
-    end
-end
-
-
-n = (ARGV[0] or 250_000).to_i
-
-make_repeat_fasta('ONE', 'Homo sapiens alu', alu, n*2)
-make_random_fasta('TWO', 'IUB ambiguity codes', iub, n*3)
-make_random_fasta('THREE', 'Homo sapiens frequency', homosapiens, n*5)
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_k_nucleotide.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_k_nucleotide.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index dadab3e79c..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_k_nucleotide.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-# The Computer Language Shootout
-# http://shootout.alioth.debian.org
-#
-# contributed by jose fco. gonzalez
-# modified by Sokolov Yura
-
-seq = String.new
-
-def frecuency( seq,length )
-    n, table = seq.length - length + 1, Hash.new(0)
-    f, i = nil, nil
-    (0 ... length).each do |f|
-        (f ... n).step(length) do |i|
-            table[seq[i,length]] += 1
-        end
-    end
-    [n,table]
-
-end
-
-def sort_by_freq( seq,length )
-    n,table = frecuency( seq,length )
-    a, b, v = nil, nil, nil
-    table.sort{|a,b| b[1] <=> a[1]}.each do |v|
-        puts "%s %.3f" % [v[0].upcase,((v[1]*100).to_f/n)]
-    end
-    puts
-end
-
-def find_seq( seq,s )
-    n,table = frecuency( seq,s.length )
-    puts "#{table[s].to_s}\t#{s.upcase}"
-end
-
-input = open(File.join(File.dirname($0), 'fasta.output.100000'), 'rb')
-
-line = input.gets while line !~ /^>THREE/
-line = input.gets
-
-while (line !~ /^>/) & line do
-    seq << line.chomp
-    line = input.gets
-end
-
-[1,2].each {|i| sort_by_freq( seq,i ) }
-
-%w(ggt ggta ggtatt ggtattttaatt ggtattttaatttatagt).each{|s| find_seq( seq,s) }
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_lists.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_lists.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index f8d26797aa..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_lists.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-#from http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/bench/lists/lists.ruby
-
-NUM = 300
-SIZE = 10000
-
-def test_lists()
-  # create a list of integers (Li1) from 1 to SIZE
-  li1 = (1..SIZE).to_a
-  # copy the list to li2 (not by individual items)
-  li2 = li1.dup
-  # remove each individual item from left side of li2 and
-  # append to right side of li3 (preserving order)
-  li3 = Array.new
-  while (not li2.empty?)
-    li3.push(li2.shift)
-  end
-  # li2 must now be empty
-  # remove each individual item from right side of li3 and
-  # append to right side of li2 (reversing list)
-  while (not li3.empty?)
-    li2.push(li3.pop)
-  end
-  # li3 must now be empty
-  # reverse li1 in place
-  li1.reverse!
-  # check that first item is now SIZE
-  if li1[0] != SIZE then
-    p "not SIZE"
-    0
-  else
-    # compare li1 and li2 for equality
-    if li1 != li2 then
-      return(0)
-    else
-      # return the length of the list
-      li1.length
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-i = 0
-while i<NUM
-  i+=1
-  result = test_lists()
-end
-
-result
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_matrix.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_matrix.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index e2c5c8e559..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_matrix.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby -*-
-# $Id: matrix-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:42:14 bfulgham Exp $
-# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
-
-n = 60 #Integer(ARGV.shift || 1)
-
-size = 40
-
-def mkmatrix(rows, cols)
-    count = 1
-    mx = Array.new(rows)
-    (0 .. (rows - 1)).each do |bi|
-        row = Array.new(cols, 0)
-        (0 .. (cols - 1)).each do |j|
-            row[j] = count
-            count += 1
-        end
-        mx[bi] = row
-    end
-    mx
-end
-
-def mmult(rows, cols, m1, m2)
-    m3 = Array.new(rows)
-    (0 .. (rows - 1)).each do |bi|
-        row = Array.new(cols, 0)
-        (0 .. (cols - 1)).each do |j|
-            val = 0
-            (0 .. (cols - 1)).each do |k|
-                val += m1.at(bi).at(k) * m2.at(k).at(j)
-            end
-            row[j] = val
-        end
-        m3[bi] = row
-    end
-    m3
-end
-
-m1 = mkmatrix(size, size)
-m2 = mkmatrix(size, size)
-mm = Array.new
-n.times do
-    mm = mmult(size, size, m1, m2)
-end
-# puts "#{mm[0][0]} #{mm[2][3]} #{mm[3][2]} #{mm[4][4]}"
-
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_meteor_contest.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_meteor_contest.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 99cf6a91cc..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_meteor_contest.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,564 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-#
-# The Computer Language Shootout
-#   http://shootout.alioth.debian.org
-#   contributed by Kevin Barnes (Ruby novice)
-
-# PROGRAM:  the main body is at the bottom.
-#   1) read about the problem here: http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-javaopt/
-#   2) see how I represent a board as a bitmask by reading the blank_board comments
-#   3) read as your mental paths take you
-
-def print *args
-end
-
-# class to represent all information about a particular rotation of a particular piece
-class Rotation
-  # an array (by location) containing a bit mask for how the piece maps at the given location.
-  # if the rotation is invalid at that location the mask will contain false
-  attr_reader :start_masks
-
-  # maps a direction to a relative location.  these differ depending on whether it is an even or
-  # odd row being mapped from
-  @@rotation_even_adder = { :west => -1, :east => 1, :nw => -7, :ne => -6, :sw => 5, :se => 6 }
-  @@rotation_odd_adder = { :west => -1, :east => 1, :nw => -6, :ne => -5, :sw => 6, :se => 7 }
-
-  def initialize( directions )
-    @even_offsets, @odd_offsets = normalize_offsets( get_values( directions ))
-
-    @even_mask = mask_for_offsets( @even_offsets)
-    @odd_mask = mask_for_offsets( @odd_offsets)
-
-    @start_masks = Array.new(60)
-
-    # create the rotational masks by placing the base mask at the location and seeing if
-    # 1) it overlaps the boundries and 2) it produces a prunable board.  if either of these
-    # is true the piece cannot be placed
-    0.upto(59) do | offset |
-      mask = is_even(offset) ? (@even_mask << offset) : (@odd_mask << offset)
-      if (blank_board & mask == 0 && !prunable(blank_board | mask, 0, true)) then
-        imask = compute_required( mask, offset)
-        @start_masks[offset] = [ mask, imask, imask | mask ]
-      else
-        @start_masks[offset] = false
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def compute_required( mask, offset )
-    board = blank_board
-    0.upto(offset) { | i | board |= 1 << i }
-    board |= mask
-    return 0 if (!prunable(board | mask, offset))
-    board = flood_fill(board,58)
-    count = 0
-    imask = 0
-    0.upto(59) do | i |
-      if (board[i] == 0) then
-        imask |= (1 << i)
-        count += 1
-      end
-    end
-    (count > 0 && count < 5) ? imask : 0
-  end
-
-  def flood_fill( board, location)
-    return board if (board[location] == 1)
-    board |= 1 << location
-    row, col = location.divmod(6)
-    board = flood_fill( board, location - 1) if (col > 0)
-    board = flood_fill( board, location + 1) if (col < 4)
-    if (row % 2 == 0) then
-      board = flood_fill( board, location - 7) if (col > 0 && row > 0)
-      board = flood_fill( board, location - 6) if (row > 0)
-      board = flood_fill( board, location + 6) if (row < 9)
-      board = flood_fill( board, location + 5) if (col > 0 && row < 9)
-    else
-      board = flood_fill( board, location - 5) if (col < 4 && row > 0)
-      board = flood_fill( board, location - 6) if (row > 0)
-      board = flood_fill( board, location + 6) if (row < 9)
-      board = flood_fill( board, location + 7) if (col < 4 && row < 9)
-    end
-    board
-  end
-
-  # given a location, produces a list of relative locations covered by the piece at this rotation
-  def offsets( location)
-    if is_even( location) then
-      @even_offsets.collect { | value | value + location }
-    else
-      @odd_offsets.collect { | value | value + location }
-    end
-  end
-
-  # returns a set of offsets relative to the top-left most piece of the rotation (by even or odd rows)
-  # this is hard to explain. imagine we have this partial board:
-  #   0 0 0 0 0 x        [positions 0-5]
-  #    0 0 1 1 0 x       [positions 6-11]
-  #   0 0 1 0 0 x        [positions 12-17]
-  #    0 1 0 0 0 x       [positions 18-23]
-  #   0 1 0 0 0 x        [positions 24-29]
-  #    0 0 0 0 0 x       [positions 30-35]
-  #       ...
-  # The top-left of the piece is at position 8, the
-  # board would be passed as a set of positions (values array) containing [8,9,14,19,25] not necessarily in that
-  # sorted order.  Since that array starts on an odd row, the offsets for an odd row are: [0,1,6,11,17] obtained
-  # by subtracting 8 from everything.  Now imagine the piece shifted up and to the right so it's on an even row:
-  #   0 0 0 1 1 x        [positions 0-5]
-  #    0 0 1 0 0 x       [positions 6-11]
-  #   0 0 1 0 0 x        [positions 12-17]
-  #    0 1 0 0 0 x       [positions 18-23]
-  #   0 0 0 0 0 x        [positions 24-29]
-  #    0 0 0 0 0 x       [positions 30-35]
-  #       ...
-  # Now the positions are [3,4,8,14,19] which after subtracting the lowest value (3) gives [0,1,5,11,16] thus, the
-  # offsets for this particular piece are (in even, odd order) [0,1,5,11,16],[0,1,6,11,17] which is what
-  # this function would return
-  def normalize_offsets( values)
-    min = values.min
-    even_min = is_even(min)
-    other_min = even_min ? min + 6 : min + 7
-    other_values = values.collect do | value |
-      if is_even(value) then
-        value + 6 - other_min
-      else
-        value + 7 - other_min
-      end
-    end
-    values.collect! { | value | value - min }
-
-    if even_min then
-      [values, other_values]
-    else
-      [other_values, values]
-    end
-  end
-
-  # produce a bitmask representation of an array of offset locations
-  def mask_for_offsets( offsets )
-    mask = 0
-    offsets.each { | value | mask = mask + ( 1 << value ) }
-    mask
-  end
-
-  # finds a "safe" position that a position as described by a list of directions can be placed
-  # without falling off any edge of the board.  the values returned a location to place the first piece
-  # at so it will fit after making the described moves
-  def start_adjust( directions )
-    south = east = 0;
-    directions.each do | direction |
-      east += 1 if ( direction == :sw || direction == :nw || direction == :west )
-      south += 1 if ( direction == :nw || direction == :ne )
-    end
-    south * 6 + east
-  end
-
-  # given a set of directions places the piece (as defined by a set of directions) on the board at
-  # a location that will not take it off the edge
-  def get_values ( directions )
-    start = start_adjust(directions)
-    values = [ start ]
-    directions.each do | direction |
-      if (start % 12 >= 6) then
-        start += @@rotation_odd_adder[direction]
-      else
-        start += @@rotation_even_adder[direction]
-      end
-      values += [ start ]
-    end
-
-    # some moves take you back to an existing location, we'll strip duplicates
-    values.uniq
-  end
-end
-
-# describes a piece and caches information about its rotations to as to be efficient for iteration
-# ATTRIBUTES:
-#   rotations -- all the rotations of the piece
-#   type -- a numeic "name" of the piece
-#   masks -- an array by location of all legal rotational masks (a n inner array) for that location
-#   placed -- the mask that this piece was last placed at (not a location, but the actual mask used)
-class Piece
-  attr_reader :rotations, :type, :masks
-  attr_accessor :placed
-
-  # transform hashes that change one direction into another when you either flip or rotate a set of directions
-  @@flip_converter = { :west => :west, :east => :east, :nw => :sw, :ne => :se, :sw => :nw, :se => :ne }
-  @@rotate_converter = { :west => :nw, :east => :se, :nw => :ne, :ne => :east, :sw => :west, :se => :sw }
-
-  def initialize( directions, type )
-    @type = type
-    @rotations = Array.new();
-    @map = {}
-
-    generate_rotations( directions )
-    directions.collect! { | value | @@flip_converter[value] }
-    generate_rotations( directions )
-
-    # creates the masks AND a map that returns [location, rotation] for any given mask
-    # this is used when a board is found and we want to draw it, otherwise the map is unused
-    @masks = Array.new();
-    0.upto(59) do | i |
-      even = true
-      @masks[i] = @rotations.collect do | rotation |
-        mask = rotation.start_masks[i]
-        @map[mask[0]] = [ i, rotation ] if (mask)
-        mask || nil
-      end
-      @masks[i].compact!
-    end
-  end
-
-  # rotates a set of directions through all six angles and adds a Rotation to the list for each one
-  def generate_rotations( directions )
-    6.times do
-      rotations.push( Rotation.new(directions))
-      directions.collect! { | value | @@rotate_converter[value] }
-    end
-  end
-
-  # given a board string, adds this piece to the board at whatever location/rotation
-  # important: the outbound board string is 5 wide, the normal location notation is six wide (padded)
-  def fill_string( board_string)
-    location, rotation = @map[@placed]
-    rotation.offsets(location).each do | offset |
-      row, col = offset.divmod(6)
-      board_string[ row*5 + col, 1 ] = @type.to_s
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-# a blank bit board having this form:
-#
-#    0 0 0 0 0 1
-#     0 0 0 0 0 1
-#    0 0 0 0 0 1
-#     0 0 0 0 0 1
-#    0 0 0 0 0 1
-#     0 0 0 0 0 1
-#    0 0 0 0 0 1
-#     0 0 0 0 0 1
-#    0 0 0 0 0 1
-#     0 0 0 0 0 1
-#    1 1 1 1 1 1
-#
-# where left lest significant bit is the top left and the most significant is the lower right
-# the actual board only consists of the 0 places, the 1 places are blockers to keep things from running
-# off the edges or bottom
-def blank_board
-  0b111111100000100000100000100000100000100000100000100000100000100000
-end
-
-def full_board
-  0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
-end
-
-# determines if a location (bit position) is in an even row
-def is_even( location)
-  (location % 12) < 6
-end
-
-# support function that create three utility maps:
-#  $converter -- for each row an array that maps a five bit row (via array mapping)
-#                to the a a five bit representation of the bits below it
-#  $bit_count -- maps a five bit row (via array mapping) to the number of 1s in the row
-#  @@new_regions -- maps a five bit row (via array mapping) to an array of "region" arrays
-#                   a region array has three values the first is a mask of bits in the region,
-#                   the second is the count of those bits and the third is identical to the first
-#                   examples:
-#                           0b10010 => [ 0b01100, 2, 0b01100 ], [ 0b00001, 1, 0b00001]
-#                           0b01010 => [ 0b10000, 1, 0b10000 ], [ 0b00100, 1, 0b00100 ], [ 0b00001, 1, 0b00001]
-#                           0b10001 => [ 0b01110, 3, 0b01110 ]
-def create_collector_support
-  odd_map = [0b11, 0b110, 0b1100, 0b11000, 0b10000]
-  even_map = [0b1, 0b11, 0b110, 0b1100, 0b11000]
-
-  all_odds = Array.new(0b100000)
-  all_evens = Array.new(0b100000)
-  bit_counts = Array.new(0b100000)
-  new_regions = Array.new(0b100000)
-  0.upto(0b11111) do | i |
-    bit_count = odd = even = 0
-    0.upto(4) do | bit |
-      if (i[bit] == 1) then
-        bit_count += 1
-        odd |= odd_map[bit]
-        even |= even_map[bit]
-      end
-    end
-    all_odds[i] = odd
-    all_evens[i] = even
-    bit_counts[i] = bit_count
-    new_regions[i] = create_regions( i)
-  end
-
-  $converter = []
-  10.times { | row | $converter.push((row % 2 == 0) ? all_evens : all_odds) }
-  $bit_counts = bit_counts
-  $regions = new_regions.collect { | set | set.collect { | value | [ value, bit_counts[value], value] } }
-end
-
-# determines if a board is punable, meaning that there is no possibility that it
-# can be filled up with pieces.  A board is prunable if there is a grouping of unfilled spaces
-# that are not a multiple of five.  The following board is an example of a prunable board:
-#    0 0 1 0 0
-#     0 1 0 0 0
-#    1 1 0 0 0
-#     0 1 0 0 0
-#    0 0 0 0 0
-#       ...
-#
-# This board is prunable because the top left corner is only 3 bits in area, no piece will ever fit it
-# parameters:
-#   board -- an initial bit board (6 bit padded rows, see blank_board for format)
-#   location -- starting location, everything above and to the left is already full
-#   slotting -- set to true only when testing initial pieces, when filling normally
-#               additional assumptions are possible
-#
-# Algorithm:
-#    The algorithm starts at the top row (as determined by location) and iterates a row at a time
-#    maintainng counts of active open areas (kept in the collector array) each collector contains
-#    three values at the start of an iteration:
-#          0: mask of bits that would be adjacent to the collector in this row
-#          1: the number of bits collected so far
-#          2: a scratch space starting as zero, but used during the computation to represent
-#             the empty bits in the new row that are adjacent (position 0)
-#  The exact procedure is described in-code
-def prunable( board, location, slotting = false)
-  collectors = []
-  # loop accross the rows
-  (location / 6).to_i.upto(9) do | row_on |
-    # obtain a set of regions representing the bits of the curent row.
-    regions = $regions[(board >> (row_on * 6)) & 0b11111]
-    converter = $converter[row_on]
-
-    # track the number of collectors at the start of the cycle so that
-    # we don't compute against newly created collectors, only existing collectors
-    initial_collector_count = collectors.length
-
-    # loop against the regions.  For each region of the row
-    # we will see if it connects to one or more existing collectors.
-    # if it connects to 1 collector, the bits from the region are added to the
-    # bits of the collector and the mask is placed in collector[2]
-    # If the region overlaps more than one collector then all the collectors
-    # it overlaps with are merged into the first one (the others are set to nil in the array)
-    # if NO collectors are found then the region is copied as a new collector
-    regions.each do | region |
-      collector_found = nil
-      region_mask = region[2]
-      initial_collector_count.times do | collector_num |
-        collector = collectors[collector_num]
-        if (collector) then
-          collector_mask = collector[0]
-          if (collector_mask & region_mask != 0) then
-            if (collector_found) then
-              collector_found[0] |= collector_mask
-              collector_found[1] += collector[1]
-              collector_found[2] |= collector[2]
-              collectors[collector_num] = nil
-            else
-              collector_found = collector
-              collector[1] += region[1]
-              collector[2] |= region_mask
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-      if (collector_found == nil) then
-        collectors.push(Array.new(region))
-      end
-    end
-
-    # check the existing collectors, if any collector overlapped no bits in the region its [2] value will
-    # be zero.  The size of any such reaason is tested if it is not a muliple of five true is returned since
-    # the board is prunable.  if it is a multiple of five it is removed.
-    # Collector that are still active have a new adjacent value [0] set based n the matched bits
-    # and have [2] cleared out for the next cycle.
-    collectors.length.times do | collector_num |
-      collector = collectors[collector_num]
-      if (collector) then
-        if (collector[2] == 0) then
-          return true if (collector[1] % 5 != 0)
-          collectors[collector_num] = nil
-        else
-          # if a collector matches all bits in the row then we can return unprunable early for the
-          # follwing reasons:
-          #    1) there can be no more unavailable bits bince we fill from the top left downward
-          #    2) all previous regions have been closed or joined so only this region can fail
-          #    3) this region must be good since there can never be only 1 region that is nuot
-          #       a multiple of five
-          # this rule only applies when filling normally, so we ignore the rule if we are "slotting"
-          # in pieces to see what configurations work for them (the only other time this algorithm is used).
-          return false if (collector[2] == 0b11111 && !slotting)
-          collector[0] = converter[collector[2]]
-          collector[2] = 0
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # get rid of all the empty converters for the next round
-    collectors.compact!
-  end
-  return false if (collectors.length <= 1) # 1 collector or less and the region is fine
-  collectors.any? { | collector | (collector[1] % 5) != 0 } # more than 1 and we test them all for bad size
-end
-
-# creates a region given a row mask.  see prunable for what a "region" is
-def create_regions( value )
-  regions = []
-  cur_region = 0
-  5.times do | bit |
-    if (value[bit] == 0) then
-      cur_region |= 1 << bit
-    else
-      if (cur_region != 0 ) then
-        regions.push( cur_region)
-        cur_region = 0;
-      end
-    end
-  end
-  regions.push(cur_region) if (cur_region != 0)
-  regions
-end
-
-# find up to the counted number of solutions (or all solutions) and prints the final result
-def find_all
-  find_top( 1)
-  find_top( 0)
-  print_results
-end
-
-# show the board
-def print_results
-  print "#{@boards_found} solutions found\n\n"
-  print_full_board( @min_board)
-  print "\n"
-  print_full_board( @max_board)
-  print "\n"
-end
-
-# finds solutions.  This special version of the main function is only used for the top level
-# the reason for it is basically to force a particular ordering on how the rotations are tested for
-# the first piece.  It is called twice, first looking for placements of the odd rotations and then
-# looking for placements of the even locations.
-#
-# WHY?
-#   Since any found solution has an inverse we want to maximize finding solutions that are not already found
-#   as an inverse.  The inverse will ALWAYS be 3 one of the piece configurations that is exactly 3 rotations away
-#   (an odd number).  Checking even vs odd then produces a higher probability of finding more pieces earlier
-#   in the cycle.  We still need to keep checking all the permutations, but our probability of finding one will
-#   diminsh over time.  Since we are TOLD how many to search for this lets us exit before checking all pieces
-#   this bennifit is very great when seeking small numbers of solutions and is 0 when looking for more than the
-#   maximum number
-def find_top( rotation_skip)
-  board = blank_board
-  (@pieces.length-1).times do
-    piece = @pieces.shift
-    piece.masks[0].each do | mask, imask, cmask |
-      if ((rotation_skip += 1) % 2 == 0) then
-        piece.placed = mask
-        find( 1, 1, board | mask)
-      end
-    end
-    @pieces.push(piece)
-  end
-  piece = @pieces.shift
-  @pieces.push(piece)
-end
-
-# the normail find routine, iterates through the available pieces, checks all rotations at the current location
-# and adds any boards found.  depth is acheived via recursion.  the overall approach is described
-# here: http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-javaopt/
-# parameters:
-#  start_location -- where to start looking for place for the next piece at
-#  placed -- number of pieces placed
-#  board -- current state of the board
-#
-# see in-code comments
-def find( start_location, placed, board)
-  # find the next location to place a piece by looking for an empty bit
-  while board[start_location] == 1
-    start_location += 1
-  end
-
-  @pieces.length.times do
-    piece = @pieces.shift
-    piece.masks[start_location].each do | mask, imask, cmask |
-      if ( board & cmask == imask) then
-        piece.placed = mask
-        if (placed == 9) then
-          add_board
-        else
-          find( start_location + 1, placed + 1, board | mask)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-    @pieces.push(piece)
-  end
-end
-
-# print the board
-def print_full_board( board_string)
-  10.times do | row |
-    print " " if (row % 2 == 1)
-    5.times do | col |
-      print "#{board_string[row*5 + col,1]} "
-    end
-    print "\n"
-  end
-end
-
-# when a board is found we "draw it" into a string and then flip that string, adding both to
-# the list (hash) of solutions if they are unique.
-def add_board
-  board_string = "99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"
-  @all_pieces.each {  | piece | piece.fill_string( board_string ) }
-  save( board_string)
-  save( board_string.reverse)
-end
-
-# adds a board string to the list (if new) and updates the current best/worst board
-def save( board_string)
-  if (@all_boards[board_string] == nil) then
-    @min_board = board_string if (board_string < @min_board)
-    @max_board = board_string if (board_string > @max_board)
-    @all_boards.store(board_string,true)
-    @boards_found += 1
-
-    # the exit motif is a time saver.  Ideally the function should return, but those tests
-    # take noticable time (performance).
-    if (@boards_found == @stop_count) then
-      print_results
-      exit(0)
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-
-##
-## MAIN BODY :)
-##
-create_collector_support
-@pieces = [
-  Piece.new( [ :nw, :ne, :east, :east ], 2),
-  Piece.new( [ :ne, :se, :east, :ne ], 7),
-  Piece.new( [ :ne, :east, :ne, :nw ], 1),
-  Piece.new( [ :east, :sw, :sw, :se ], 6),
-  Piece.new( [ :east, :ne, :se, :ne ], 5),
-  Piece.new( [ :east, :east, :east, :se ], 0),
-  Piece.new( [ :ne, :nw, :se, :east, :se ], 4),
-  Piece.new( [ :se, :se, :se, :west ], 9),
-  Piece.new( [ :se, :se, :east, :se ], 8),
-  Piece.new( [ :east, :east, :sw, :se ], 3)
-  ];
-
-@all_pieces = Array.new( @pieces)
-
-@min_board = "99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"
-@max_board = "00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
-@stop_count = ARGV[0].to_i || 2089
-@all_boards = {}
-@boards_found = 0
-
-find_all ######## DO IT!!!
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_nested_loop.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_nested_loop.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index a0513f8c47..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_nested_loop.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby -*-
-# $Id: nestedloop-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:42:22 bfulgham Exp $
-# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
-# from Avi Bryant
-
-n = 16 # Integer(ARGV.shift || 1)
-x = 0
-n.times do
-    n.times do
-        n.times do
-            n.times do
-                n.times do
-                    n.times do
-                        x += 1
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-        end
-    end
-end
-# puts x
-
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_nsieve_bits.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_nsieve_bits.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 019b8b6382..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_nsieve_bits.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-#
-# The Great Computer Language Shootout
-# http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
-#
-# nsieve-bits in Ruby
-# Contributed by Glenn Parker, March 2005
-
-CharExponent = 3
-BitsPerChar = 1 << CharExponent
-LowMask = BitsPerChar - 1
-
-def sieve(m)
-  items = "\xFF" * ((m / BitsPerChar) + 1)
-  masks = ""
-  BitsPerChar.times do |b|
-    masks << (1 << b).chr
-  end
-
-  count = 0
-  pmax = m - 1
-  2.step(pmax, 1) do |p|
-    if items[p >> CharExponent][p & LowMask] == 1
-      count += 1
-      p.step(pmax, p) do |mult|
-	a = mult >> CharExponent
-	b = mult & LowMask
-	items[a] -= masks[b] if items[a][b] != 0
-      end
-    end
-  end
-  count
-end
-
-n = 9 # (ARGV[0] || 2).to_i
-n.step(n - 2, -1) do |exponent|
-  break if exponent < 0
-  m = 2 ** exponent * 10_000
-  count = sieve(m)
-  printf "Primes up to %8d %8d\n", m, count
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_object.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_object.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index e8607c7199..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_object.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby -*-
-# $Id: objinst-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:42:25 bfulgham Exp $
-# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
-# with help from Aristarkh Zagorodnikov
-
-class Toggle
-    def initialize(start_state)
-        @bool = start_state
-    end
-
-    def value
-        @bool
-    end
-
-    def activate
-        @bool = !@bool
-        self
-    end
-end
-
-class NthToggle < Toggle
-    def initialize(start_state, max_counter)
-        super start_state
-        @count_max = max_counter
-        @counter = 0
-    end
-
-    def activate
-        @counter += 1
-        if @counter >= @count_max
-            @bool = !@bool
-            @counter = 0
-        end
-        self
-    end
-end
-
-n = 1500000 # (ARGV.shift || 1).to_i
-
-toggle = Toggle.new 1
-5.times do
-    toggle.activate.value ? 'true' : 'false'
-end
-n.times do
-    toggle = Toggle.new 1
-end
-
-ntoggle = NthToggle.new 1, 3
-8.times do
-    ntoggle.activate.value ? 'true' : 'false'
-end
-n.times do
-    ntoggle = NthToggle.new 1, 3
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_pidigits.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_pidigits.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index c7d6fbfb4d..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_pidigits.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-# The Great Computer Language Shootout
-# http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
-#
-# contributed by Gabriele Renzi
-
-class PiDigitSpigot
-
-    def initialize()
-        @z = Transformation.new 1,0,0,1
-        @x = Transformation.new 0,0,0,0
-        @inverse = Transformation.new 0,0,0,0
-    end
-
-    def next!
-        @y = @z.extract(3)
-        if safe? @y
-            @z = produce(@y)
-            @y
-        else
-            @z = consume @x.next!()
-            next!()
-        end
-    end
-
-    def safe?(digit)
-        digit == @z.extract(4)
-    end
-
-    def produce(i)
-        @inverse.qrst(10,-10*i,0,1).compose(@z)
-    end
-
-    def consume(a)
-        @z.compose(a)
-    end
-end
-
-
-class Transformation
-    attr_reader :q, :r, :s, :t
-    def initialize (q, r, s, t)
-        @q,@r,@s,@t,@k = q,r,s,t,0
-    end
-
-    def next!()
-        @q = @k = @k + 1
-        @r = 4 * @k + 2
-        @s = 0
-        @t = 2 * @k + 1
-        self
-    end
-
-    def extract(j)
-        (@q * j + @r) / (@s * j + @t)
-    end
-
-    def compose(a)
-        self.class.new( @q * a.q,
-                        @q * a.r + r * a.t,
-                        @s * a.q + t * a.s,
-                        @s * a.r + t * a.t
-                    )
-    end
-
-    def qrst *args
-        initialize *args
-        self
-    end
-
-
-end
-
-
-WIDTH = 10
-n = 2_500 # Integer(ARGV[0])
-j = 0
-
-digits = PiDigitSpigot.new
-
-while n > 0
-    if n >= WIDTH
-        WIDTH.times {print digits.next!}
-        j += WIDTH
-    else
-        n.times {print digits.next!}
-        (WIDTH-n).times {print " "}
-        j += n
-    end
-    puts "\t:"+j.to_s
-    n -= WIDTH
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_random.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_random.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 57f700b863..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_random.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-# from http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/bench/random/random.ruby
-
-IM = 139968.0
-IA = 3877.0
-IC = 29573.0
-
-$last = 42.0
-
-def gen_random(max)
-  (max * ($last = ($last * IA + IC) % IM)) / IM
-end
-
-N = 3_000_000
-
-i=0
-while i<N
-  i+=1
-  gen_random(100.0)
-end
-# "%.9f" % gen_random(100.0)
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_reverse_complement.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_reverse_complement.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 82ea666994..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_reverse_complement.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/ruby
-# The Great Computer Language Shootout
-# http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
-#
-# Contributed by Peter Bjarke Olsen
-# Modified by Doug King
-
-seq=Array.new
-
-def revcomp(seq)
-  seq.reverse!.tr!('wsatugcyrkmbdhvnATUGCYRKMBDHVN','WSTAACGRYMKVHDBNTAACGRYMKVHDBN')
-  stringlen=seq.length
-  0.step(stringlen-1,60) {|x| print seq.slice(x,60) , "\n"}
-end
-
-input = open(File.join(File.dirname($0), 'fasta.output.2500000'), 'rb')
-
-while input.gets
-  if $_ =~ />/
-    if seq.length != 0
-      revcomp(seq.join)
-      seq=Array.new
-    end
-    puts $_
-  else
-    $_.sub(/\n/,'')
-    seq.push $_
-  end
-end
-revcomp(seq.join)
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_sieve.rb b/benchmark/bm_so_sieve.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 3f1b138bd1..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_sieve.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-# from http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/bench/sieve/sieve.ruby
-num = 500
-count = i = j = 0
-flags0 = Array.new(8192,1)
-k = 0
-while k < num
-  k+=1
-  count = 0
-  flags = flags0.dup
-  i = 2
-  while i<8192
-    i+=1
-    if flags[i]
-      # remove all multiples of prime: i
-      j = i*i
-      while j < 8192
-        j += i
-        flags[j] = nil
-      end
-      count += 1
-    end
-  end
-end
-count
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_block.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_block.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 0a97883974..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_block.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-def m
-  yield
-end
-
-i=0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i+=1
-  m{
-  }
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_const.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_const.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 066916dc31..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_const.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-Const = 1
-
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i+= 1
-  j = Const
-  k = Const
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_ensure.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_ensure.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b1948f7621..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_ensure.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-i=0
-while i<30_000_000 # benchmark loop 1
-  i+=1
-  begin
-    begin
-    ensure
-    end
-  ensure
-  end
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_ivar.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_ivar.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ba56427f4..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_ivar.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-@a = 1
-
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i+= 1
-  j = @a
-  k = @a
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_ivar_set.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_ivar_set.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index c8076c6ab6..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_ivar_set.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i+= 1
-  @a = 1
-  @b = 2
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_length.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_length.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index ccb773278f..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_length.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-a = 'abc'
-b = [1, 2, 3]
-i=0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i+=1
-  a.length
-  b.length
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_neq.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_neq.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 9254a0ca9b..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_neq.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-obj1 = Object.new
-obj2 = Object.new
-
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i+= 1
-  obj1 != obj2
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_not.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_not.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index ee9d0f3605..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_not.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-obj = Object.new
-
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i+= 1
-  !obj
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_rescue.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_rescue.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 3af12bb0f3..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_rescue.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-i=0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i+=1
-  begin
-  rescue
-  end
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_simplereturn.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_simplereturn.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 8e9bcb0129..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_simplereturn.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-def m
-  return 1
-end
-i=0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i+=1
-  m
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm1_swap.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm1_swap.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 611baf6b99..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm1_swap.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-a = 1
-b = 2
-i=0
-while i<30_000_000 # while loop 1
-  i+=1
-  a, b = b, a
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_array.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_array.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 7713ae9f25..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_array.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-i=0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i+=1
-  a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_case.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_case.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index cd09788a85..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_case.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-i=0
-while i<6_000_000 # while loop 2
-  case :foo
-  when :bar
-    raise
-  when :baz
-    raise
-  when :boo
-    raise
-  when :foo
-    i+=1
-  end
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_defined_method.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_defined_method.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 06c0d01baa..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_defined_method.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-class Object
-  define_method(:m){}
-end
-
-i=0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i+=1
-  m; m; m; m; m; m; m; m;
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_eval.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_eval.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index e72b4661ac..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_eval.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-i=0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i+=1
-  eval("1")
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_method.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_method.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index f92e39a73f..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_method.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-def m
-  nil
-end
-
-i=0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i+=1
-  m; m; m; m; m; m; m; m;
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_mutex.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_mutex.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 01b1c478cb..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_mutex.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-require 'thread'
-
-m = Mutex.new
-
-i=0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i+=1
-  m.synchronize{}
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_poly_method.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_poly_method.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 921457d817..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_poly_method.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-class C1
-  def m
-    1
-  end
-end
-class C2
-  def m
-    2
-  end
-end
-
-o1 = C1.new
-o2 = C2.new
-
-i=0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  o = (i % 2 == 0) ? o1 : o2
-  o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m
-  i+=1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_poly_method_ov.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_poly_method_ov.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index bf09837dd7..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_poly_method_ov.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-class C1
-  def m
-    1
-  end
-end
-class C2
-  def m
-    2
-  end
-end
-
-o1 = C1.new
-o2 = C2.new
-
-i=0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  o = (i % 2 == 0) ? o1 : o2
-#  o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m
-  i+=1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_proc.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_proc.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 3f51056bf9..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_proc.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-def m &b
-  b
-end
-
-pr = m{
-  a = 1
-}
-
-i=0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i+=1
-  pr.call
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_regexp.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_regexp.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 428099e55a..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_regexp.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-i=0
-str = 'xxxhogexxx'
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  /hoge/ =~ str
-  i+=1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_send.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_send.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 37c79fb1c3..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_send.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-class C
-  def m
-  end
-end
-
-o = C.new
-
-i=0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i+=1
-  o.__send__ :m
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_super.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_super.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index d4f0b647de..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_super.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-
-class C
-  def m
-    1
-  end
-end
-
-class CC < C
-  def m
-    super()
-  end
-end
-
-obj = CC.new
-
-i = 0
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  obj.m
-  i+=1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_unif1.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_unif1.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 775f4d37e6..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_unif1.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-def m a, b
-end
-
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i+=1
-  m 100, 200
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm2_zsuper.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm2_zsuper.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 7e90df1822..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm2_zsuper.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-i = 0
-
-class C
-  def m a
-    1
-  end
-end
-
-class CC < C
-  def m a
-    super
-  end
-end
-
-obj = CC.new
-
-while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
-  obj.m 10
-  i+=1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm3_clearmethodcache.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm3_clearmethodcache.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index a25c372f06..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm3_clearmethodcache.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-i=0
-while i<200_000
-  i+=1
-
-  Class.new{
-    def m; end
-  }
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm3_gc.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm3_gc.rb
deleted file mode 100755
index 7db9829d44..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm3_gc.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#! /usr/bin/ruby
-5000.times do
-  100.times do
-    {"xxxx"=>"yyyy"}
-  end
-  GC.start
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_alive_check1.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_alive_check1.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index c993accdda..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_alive_check1.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-5_000.times{
-  t = Thread.new{}
-  while t.alive?
-    Thread.pass
-  end
-}
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_create_join.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_create_join.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 325a66d587..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_create_join.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-i=0
-while i<100_000 # benchmark loop 3
-  i+=1
-  Thread.new{
-  }.join
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex1.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex1.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 588506e87c..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex1.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-# one thread, one mutex (no contention)
-
-require 'thread'
-m = Mutex.new
-r = 0
-max = 2000
-lmax = max * max
-(1..1).map{
-  Thread.new{
-    i=0
-    while i<lmax
-      i+=1
-      m.synchronize{
-        r += 1
-      }
-    end
-  }
-}.each{|e|
-  e.join
-}
-raise r.to_s if r != max * max
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex2.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex2.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index d700b146d4..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex2.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-# two threads, one mutex
-
-require 'thread'
-m = Mutex.new
-r = 0
-max = 2000
-lmax = (max * max)/2
-(1..2).map{
-  Thread.new{
-    i=0
-    while i<lmax
-      i+=1
-      m.synchronize{
-        r += 1
-      }
-    end
-  }
-}.each{|e|
-  e.join
-}
-raise r.to_s if r != max * max
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex3.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex3.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index f502b6ac84..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex3.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-# 1000 threads, one mutex
-
-require 'thread'
-m = Mutex.new
-r = 0
-max = 2000
-(1..max).map{
-  Thread.new{
-    i=0
-    while i<max
-      i+=1
-      m.synchronize{
-        r += 1
-      }
-    end
-  }
-}.each{|e|
-  e.join
-}
-raise r.to_s if r != max * max
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pass.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pass.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b5b3c0bc85..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pass.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-# Plenty Thtread.pass
-# A performance may depend on GVL implementation.
-
-tmax = (ARGV.shift || 2).to_i
-lmax = 200_000 / tmax
-
-(1..tmax).map{
-  Thread.new{
-    lmax.times{
-      Thread.pass
-    }
-  }
-}.each{|t| t.join}
-
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pass_flood.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pass_flood.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 56b5b0a956..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pass_flood.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-1000.times{
-  Thread.new{loop{Thread.pass}}
-}
-
-i=0
-while i<10000
-  i += 1
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pipe.rb b/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pipe.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 272d231eba..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bm_vm_thread_pipe.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# Mesure small and plenty pipe read/write.
-# A performance may depend on GVL implementation.
-
-lmax = 100_000
-r, w = IO.pipe
-[Thread.new{
-  lmax.times{
-    w.write('a')
-  }
-  p "w:exit"
-}, Thread.new{
-  lmax.times{
-    r.read(1)
-  }
-  p "r:exit"
-}].each{|t| t.join}
-
diff --git a/benchmark/bmx_temp.rb b/benchmark/bmx_temp.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 0b4b219ca2..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/bmx_temp.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-def m
-  nil
-end
-
-i=0
-while i<800000 # benchmark loop 2
-  i+=1
-  m; m; m; m; m; m; m; m;
-end
diff --git a/benchmark/cgi_escape_html.yml b/benchmark/cgi_escape_html.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..af6abd08ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/cgi_escape_html.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+prelude: require 'cgi/escape'
+benchmark:
+  - name: escape_html_blank
+    prelude: str = ""
+    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+    loop_count: 20000000
+  - name: escape_html_short_none
+    prelude: str = "abcde"
+    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+    loop_count: 20000000
+  - name: escape_html_short_one
+    prelude: str = "abcd<"
+    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+    loop_count: 20000000
+  - name: escape_html_short_all
+    prelude: str = "'&\"<>"
+    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+    loop_count: 5000000
+  - name: escape_html_long_none
+    prelude: str = "abcde" * 300
+    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+    loop_count: 1000000
+  - name: escape_html_long_all
+    prelude: str = "'&\"<>" * 10
+    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+    loop_count: 1000000
+  - name: escape_html_real
+    prelude: | # http://example.com/
+      str = <<~HTML
+        <body>
+        <div>
+            <h1>Example Domain</h1>
+            <p>This domain is established to be used for illustrative examples in documents. You may use this
+            domain in examples without prior coordination or asking for permission.</p>
+            <p><a href="http://www.iana.org/domains/example">More information...</a></p>
+        </div>
+        </body>
+      HTML
+    script: CGI.escapeHTML(str)
+    loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/complex_float_add.yml b/benchmark/complex_float_add.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d0150c5e5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/complex_float_add.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  max, min = 1000.0, -1000.0
+  a = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+  b = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+benchmark:
+  complex_float_add: c = a + b
+loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/complex_float_div.yml b/benchmark/complex_float_div.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9f5e1d51c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/complex_float_div.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  max, min = 1000.0, -1000.0
+  a = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+  b = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+benchmark:
+  complex_float_div: c = a / b
+loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/complex_float_mul.yml b/benchmark/complex_float_mul.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59b096a6dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/complex_float_mul.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  max, min = 1000.0, -1000.0
+  a = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+  b = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+benchmark:
+  complex_float_mul: c = a * b
+loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/complex_float_new.yml b/benchmark/complex_float_new.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6fcde3125b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/complex_float_new.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  max, min = 1000.0, -1000.0
+  a = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+  b = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+benchmark:
+  complex_float_new: c = Complex(a, b)
+loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/complex_float_power.yml b/benchmark/complex_float_power.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c40a31ab55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/complex_float_power.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  max, min = 1000.0, -1000.0
+  a = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+  b = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+benchmark:
+  complex_float_power: c = a ** b
+loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/complex_float_sub.yml b/benchmark/complex_float_sub.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3fafe7cdbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/complex_float_sub.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  max, min = 1000.0, -1000.0
+  a = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+  b = Complex(rand(max)+min, rand(max)+min)
+benchmark:
+  complex_float_sub: c = a - b
+loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/dir_empty_p.rb b/benchmark/dir_empty_p.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8329c757cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/dir_empty_p.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+require 'tmpdir'
+max = 100_000
+Dir.mktmpdir('bm_dir_empty_p') do |dir|
+  max.times { Dir.empty?(dir) }
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/driver.rb b/benchmark/driver.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 7dab292a15..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/driver.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,270 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Ruby Benchmark driver
-#
-
-first = true
-
-begin
-  require 'optparse'
-rescue LoadError
-  if first
-    first = false
-    $:.unshift File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '../lib')
-    retry
-  else
-    raise
-  end
-end
-
-require 'benchmark'
-require 'pp'
-
-class BenchmarkDriver
-  def self.benchmark(opt)
-    driver = self.new(opt[:execs], opt[:dir], opt)
-    begin
-      driver.run
-    ensure
-      driver.show_results
-    end
-  end
-
-  def output *args
-    puts(*args)
-    @output and @output.puts(*args)
-  end
-
-  def message *args
-    output(*args) if @verbose
-  end
-
-  def message_print *args
-    if @verbose
-      print(*args)
-      STDOUT.flush
-      @output and @output.print(*args)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def progress_message *args
-    unless STDOUT.tty?
-      STDERR.print(*args)
-      STDERR.flush
-    end
-  end
-
-  def initialize execs, dir, opt = {}
-    @execs = execs.map{|e|
-      e.strip!
-      next if e.empty?
-
-      if /(.+)::(.+)/ =~ e
-        # ex) ruby-a::/path/to/ruby-a
-        v = $1.strip
-        e = $2
-      else
-        v =  `#{e} -v`.chomp
-        v.sub!(/ patchlevel \d+/, '')
-      end
-      [e, v]
-    }.compact
-
-    @dir = dir
-    @repeat = opt[:repeat] || 1
-    @repeat = 1 if @repeat < 1
-    @pattern = opt[:pattern] || nil
-    @verbose = opt[:quiet] ? false : (opt[:verbose] || false)
-    @output = opt[:output] ? open(opt[:output], 'w') : nil
-    @loop_wl1 = @loop_wl2 = nil
-    @opt = opt
-
-    # [[name, [[r-1-1, r-1-2, ...], [r-2-1, r-2-2, ...]]], ...]
-    @results = []
-
-    if @verbose
-      @start_time = Time.now
-      message @start_time
-      @execs.each_with_index{|(e, v), i|
-        message "target #{i}: #{v}"
-      }
-    end
-  end
-
-  def average results
-    results.inject(:+) / results.length
-  end
-
-  def show_results
-    output
-
-    if @verbose
-      message '-----------------------------------------------------------'
-      message 'raw data:'
-      message
-      message PP.pp(@results, "", 79)
-      message
-      message "Elapesed time: #{Time.now - @start_time} (sec)"
-    end
-
-    output '-----------------------------------------------------------'
-    output 'benchmark results:'
-
-    if @verbose and @repeat > 1
-      output "minimum results in each #{@repeat} measurements."
-    end
-
-    difference = "\taverage difference" if @execs.length == 2
-    total_difference = 0
-
-    output "name\t#{@execs.map{|(e, v)| v}.join("\t")}#{difference}"
-    @results.each{|v, result|
-      rets = []
-      s = nil
-      result.each_with_index{|e, i|
-        r = e.min
-        case v
-        when /^vm1_/
-          if @loop_wl1
-            r -= @loop_wl1[i]
-            s = '*'
-          end
-        when /^vm2_/
-          if @loop_wl2
-            r -= @loop_wl2[i]
-            s = '*'
-          end
-        end
-        rets << sprintf("%.3f", r)
-      }
-
-      if difference
-        diff = average(result.last) - average(result.first)
-        total_difference += diff
-        rets << sprintf("%.3f", diff)
-      end
-
-      output "#{v}#{s}\t#{rets.join("\t")}"
-    }
-
-    if difference and @verbose
-      output '-----------------------------------------------------------'
-      output "average total difference is #{total_difference}"
-    end
-  end
-
-  def files
-    flag = {}
-    vm1 = vm2 = wl1 = wl2 = false
-    @files = Dir.glob(File.join(@dir, 'bm*.rb')).map{|file|
-      next if @pattern && /#{@pattern}/ !~ File.basename(file)
-      case file
-      when /bm_(vm[12])_/, /bm_loop_(whileloop2?).rb/
-        flag[$1] = true
-      end
-      file
-    }.compact
-
-    if flag['vm1'] && !flag['whileloop']
-      @files << File.join(@dir, 'bm_loop_whileloop.rb')
-    elsif flag['vm2'] && !flag['whileloop2']
-      @files << File.join(@dir, 'bm_loop_whileloop2.rb')
-    end
-
-    @files.sort!
-    progress_message "total: #{@files.size * @repeat} trial(s) (#{@repeat} trial(s) for #{@files.size} benchmark(s))\n"
-    @files
-  end
-
-  def run
-    files.each_with_index{|file, i|
-      @i = i
-      r = measure_file(file)
-
-      if /bm_loop_whileloop.rb/ =~ file
-        @loop_wl1 = r[1].map{|e| e.min}
-      elsif /bm_loop_whileloop2.rb/ =~ file
-        @loop_wl2 = r[1].map{|e| e.min}
-      end
-    }
-  end
-
-  def measure_file file
-    name = File.basename(file, '.rb').sub(/^bm_/, '')
-    prepare_file = File.join(File.dirname(file), "prepare_#{name}.rb")
-    load prepare_file if FileTest.exist?(prepare_file)
-
-    if @verbose
-      output
-      output '-----------------------------------------------------------'
-      output name
-      output
-      output File.read(file)
-      output
-    end
-
-    result = [name]
-    result << @execs.map{|(e, v)|
-      (0...@repeat).map{
-        message_print "#{v}\t"
-        progress_message '.'
-
-        m = measure(e, file)
-        message "#{m}"
-        m
-      }
-    }
-    @results << result
-    result
-  end
-
-  def measure executable, file
-    cmd = "#{executable} #{file}"
-    m = Benchmark.measure{
-      `#{cmd}`
-    }
-
-    if $? != 0
-      raise "\`#{cmd}\' exited with abnormal status (#{$?})"
-    end
-
-    m.real
-  end
-end
-
-if __FILE__ == $0
-  opt = {
-    :execs => ['ruby'],
-    :dir => './',
-    :repeat => 1,
-    :output => "bmlog-#{Time.now.strftime('%Y%m%d-%H%M%S')}.#{$$}",
-  }
-
-  parser = OptionParser.new{|o|
-    o.on('-e', '--executables [EXECS]',
-         "Specify benchmark one or more targets. (exec1; exec2; exec3, ...)"){|e|
-      opt[:execs] = e.split(/;/)
-    }
-    o.on('-d', '--directory [DIRECTORY]', "Benchmark suites directory"){|d|
-      opt[:dir] = d
-    }
-    o.on('-p', '--pattern [PATTERN]', "Benchmark name pattern"){|p|
-      opt[:pattern] = p
-    }
-    o.on('-r', '--repeat-count [NUM]', "Repeat count"){|n|
-      opt[:repeat] = n.to_i
-    }
-    o.on('-o', '--output-file [FILE]', "Output file"){|o|
-      opt[:output] = o
-    }
-    o.on('-q', '--quiet', "Run without notify information except result table."){|q|
-      opt[:quiet] = q
-    }
-    o.on('-v', '--verbose'){|v|
-      opt[:verbose] = v
-    }
-  }
-
-  parser.parse!(ARGV)
-  BenchmarkDriver.benchmark(opt)
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/enum_lazy_flat_map.yml b/benchmark/enum_lazy_flat_map.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0ee390a441
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/enum_lazy_flat_map.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+prelude: |
+  num = (1..).lazy.take(100)
+  ary2 = [[1,2]].cycle.lazy.take(10)
+  ary10 = [[*1..10]].cycle.lazy.take(10)
+  ary20 = [[*1..20]].cycle.lazy.take(10)
+  ary50 = [[*1..50]].cycle.lazy.take(10)
+  ary100 = [[*1..100]].cycle.lazy.take(10)
+
+benchmark:
+  num3: num.flat_map {|x| x}.take(3).to_a
+  num10: num.flat_map {|x| x}.take(3).to_a
+  ary2:  ary2.flat_map {|x| x}.take(3).to_a
+  ary10: ary10.flat_map {|x| x}.take(3).to_a
+  ary20: ary20.flat_map {|x| x}.take(3).to_a
+  ary50: ary50.flat_map {|x| x}.take(3).to_a
+  ary100: ary100.flat_map {|x| x}.take(3).to_a
diff --git a/benchmark/enum_lazy_grep_v_100.rb b/benchmark/enum_lazy_grep_v_100.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8832392e65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/enum_lazy_grep_v_100.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+grep_data = (1..10).to_a * 1000
+N = 100
+enum = grep_data.lazy.grep_v(->(i){i == 0}).grep_v(->(i){i == 0})
+N.times {enum.each {}}
diff --git a/benchmark/enum_lazy_grep_v_20.rb b/benchmark/enum_lazy_grep_v_20.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..329509fa8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/enum_lazy_grep_v_20.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+grep_data = (1..10).to_a * 1000
+N = 100
+enum = grep_data.lazy.grep_v(->(i){i > 2}).grep_v(->(i){i > 2})
+N.times {enum.each {}}
diff --git a/benchmark/enum_lazy_grep_v_50.rb b/benchmark/enum_lazy_grep_v_50.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02ea4d4e71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/enum_lazy_grep_v_50.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+grep_data = (1..10).to_a * 1000
+N = 100
+enum = grep_data.lazy.grep_v(->(i){i > 5}).grep_v(->(i){i > 5})
+N.times {enum.each {}}
diff --git a/benchmark/enum_lazy_uniq_100.rb b/benchmark/enum_lazy_uniq_100.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2e6434d9c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/enum_lazy_uniq_100.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+uniq_data = (1..10_000).to_a
+N = 100
+enum = uniq_data.lazy.uniq {|i| i % 10000}.uniq {|i| i % 10000}
+N.times {enum.each {}}
diff --git a/benchmark/enum_lazy_uniq_20.rb b/benchmark/enum_lazy_uniq_20.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75e6398fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/enum_lazy_uniq_20.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+uniq_data = (1..10_000).to_a
+N = 100
+enum = uniq_data.lazy.uniq {|i| i % 2000}.uniq {|i| i % 2000}
+N.times {enum.each {}}
diff --git a/benchmark/enum_lazy_uniq_50.rb b/benchmark/enum_lazy_uniq_50.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59a39b78ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/enum_lazy_uniq_50.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+uniq_data = (1..10_000).to_a
+N = 100
+enum = uniq_data.lazy.uniq {|i| i % 5000}.uniq {|i| i % 5000}
+N.times {enum.each {}}
diff --git a/benchmark/enum_lazy_zip.yml b/benchmark/enum_lazy_zip.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4566ff0261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/enum_lazy_zip.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+prelude: |
+  a = (1..3).lazy
+  b = a.map {|x| x}
+
+benchmark:
+  first_ary: a.zip(["a", "b", "c"]).first
+  first_nonary: a.zip("a".."c").first
+  first_noarg: a.zip.first
+
+  take3_ary: a.zip(["a", "b", "c"]).take(3).force
+  take3_nonary: a.zip("a".."c").take(3).force
+  take3_noarg: a.zip.take(3).force
+
+  chain-first_ary: b.zip(["a", "b", "c"]).first
+  chain-first_nonary: b.zip("a".."c").first
+  chain-first_noarg: b.zip.first
+
+  chain-take3_ary: b.zip(["a", "b", "c"]).take(3).force
+  chain-take3_nonary: b.zip("a".."c").take(3).force
+  chain-take3_noarg: b.zip.take(3).force
+
+  block: a.zip("a".."c") {|x, y| [x, y]}
diff --git a/benchmark/erb_render.yml b/benchmark/erb_render.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..15f6c3880b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/erb_render.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+prelude: |
+  require 'erb'
+
+  data = <<erb
+  <html>
+    <head> <%= title %> </head>
+    <body>
+      <h1> <%= title %> </h1>
+      <p>
+        <%= content %>
+      </p>
+    </body>
+  </html>
+  erb
+
+  title = "hello world!"
+  content = "hello world!\n" * 10
+
+  src = "def self.render(title, content); #{ERB.new(data).src}; end"
+  mod = Module.new
+  mod.instance_eval(src, "(ERB)")
+benchmark:
+  erb_render: mod.render(title, content)
+loop_count: 1500000
diff --git a/benchmark/fiber_chain.yml b/benchmark/fiber_chain.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a36c759f8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/fiber_chain.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+prelude: |
+  def make_link(previous)
+    Fiber.new do
+      while message = previous.resume
+        Fiber.yield(message)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def make_chain(length = 1000, &block)
+    chain = Fiber.new(&block)
+
+    (length - 1).times do
+      chain = make_link(chain)
+    end
+
+    return chain
+  end
+
+  message = "Hello World!"
+
+  chain = make_chain do
+    while true
+      Fiber.yield(message)
+    end
+  end
+benchmark:
+  make_chain: |
+    make_chain(100) do
+      while true
+        Fiber.yield(message)
+      end
+    end
+  resume_chain: |
+    chain.resume
+loop_count: 5000
diff --git a/benchmark/fiber_locals.yml b/benchmark/fiber_locals.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8588686477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/fiber_locals.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  th = Thread.current
+  th[:key] = :val
+benchmark:
+  key?: th.key?(:key)
+  []: th[:key]
+  keys: th.keys
+loop_count: 1_000_000
diff --git a/benchmark/file_chmod.rb b/benchmark/file_chmod.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1cd4760c9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/file_chmod.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# chmod file
+require 'tempfile'
+max = 200_000
+tmp = Tempfile.new('chmod')
+path = tmp.path
+max.times do
+  File.chmod(0777, path)
+end
+tmp.close!
diff --git a/benchmark/file_rename.rb b/benchmark/file_rename.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bbb44aebac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/file_rename.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# rename file
+require 'tempfile'
+
+max = 100_000
+tmp = [ Tempfile.new('rename-a'), Tempfile.new('rename-b') ]
+a, b = tmp.map { |x| x.path }
+tmp.each { |t| t.close } # Windows can't rename files without closing them
+max.times do
+  File.rename(a, b)
+  File.rename(b, a)
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/gc/aobench.rb b/benchmark/gc/aobench.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..275f58b924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/gc/aobench.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+require_relative '../app_aobench'
diff --git a/benchmark/gc/binary_trees.rb b/benchmark/gc/binary_trees.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83347cdd20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/gc/binary_trees.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+require_relative '../so_binary_trees'
diff --git a/benchmark/gc/gcbench.rb b/benchmark/gc/gcbench.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23d0b91c6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/gc/gcbench.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+require 'benchmark'
+require 'pp'
+require 'optparse'
+
+$list = true
+$gcprof = false
+
+opt = OptionParser.new
+opt.on('-q'){$list = false}
+opt.on('-d'){$gcprof = false}
+opt.on('-p'){$gcprof = true}
+opt.parse!(ARGV)
+
+script = File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), ARGV.shift)
+script += '.rb' unless FileTest.exist?(script)
+raise "#{script} not found" unless FileTest.exist?(script)
+
+puts "Script: #{script}"
+
+if $gcprof
+  GC::Profiler.enable
+end
+
+tms = Benchmark.measure{|x|
+  load script
+}
+
+gc_time = 0
+
+if $gcprof
+  gc_time = GC::Profiler.total_time
+  GC::Profiler.report if $list and RUBY_VERSION >= '2.0.0' # before 1.9.3, report() may run infinite loop
+  GC::Profiler.disable
+end
+
+pp GC.stat
+
+puts "#{RUBY_DESCRIPTION} #{GC::OPTS.inspect}" if defined?(GC::OPTS)
+
+desc = "#{RUBY_VERSION}#{RUBY_PATCHLEVEL >= 0 ? "p#{RUBY_PATCHLEVEL}" : "dev"}"
+name = File.basename(script, '.rb')
+
+puts
+puts script
+puts Benchmark::CAPTION
+puts tms
+puts "GC total time (sec): #{gc_time}"
+
+# show High-Water Mark on Linux
+if File.exist?('/proc/self/status') && /VmHWM:\s*(\d+.+)/ =~ File.read('/proc/self/status')
+  puts
+  puts "VmHWM: #{$1.chomp}"
+end
+
+puts
+puts "Summary of #{name} on #{desc}\t#{tms.real}\t#{gc_time}\t#{GC.count}"
+puts "         (real time in sec, GC time in sec, GC count)"
diff --git a/benchmark/gc/hash1.rb b/benchmark/gc/hash1.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb030d458d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/gc/hash1.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+value = 0.01
+h = {}
+n = 50_000
+
+1.upto(n){|i|
+  h["%020d" % i] = "v-#{i}"
+}
+
+(n * 1_000).times{
+  ''
+}
diff --git a/benchmark/gc/hash2.rb b/benchmark/gc/hash2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8c943fb21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/gc/hash2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+value = 0.01
+h = {}
+n = 4*(10**6)
+
+1.upto(n){|i|
+  h["%020d" % i] = value * i
+}
diff --git a/benchmark/gc/null.rb b/benchmark/gc/null.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c05a79f561
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/gc/null.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# null
diff --git a/benchmark/gc/pentomino.rb b/benchmark/gc/pentomino.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ebdff7d1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/gc/pentomino.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+require_relative '../app_pentomino'
diff --git a/benchmark/gc/rdoc.rb b/benchmark/gc/rdoc.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14c89f5611
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/gc/rdoc.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+require 'rdoc/rdoc'
+require 'tmpdir'
+
+srcdir = File.expand_path('../..', __dir__)
+
+Dir.mktmpdir('rdocbench-'){|d|
+  dir = File.join(d, 'rdocbench')
+  args = %W(--root #{srcdir} --page-dir #{srcdir}/doc --encoding=UTF-8 --no-force-update --all --ri --debug --quiet #{srcdir})
+  args << '--op' << dir
+
+  r = RDoc::RDoc.new
+  r.document args
+}
diff --git a/benchmark/gc/redblack.rb b/benchmark/gc/redblack.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c66290140a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/gc/redblack.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+# This benchmark is imported from https://github.com/jruby/rubybench/blob/master/time/bench_red_black.rb
+# License is License is Apache-2
+
+require 'benchmark'
+
+# Algorithm based on "Introduction to Algorithms" by Cormen and others
+class RedBlackTree
+  class Node
+    attr_accessor :color
+    attr_accessor :key
+    attr_accessor :left
+    attr_accessor :right
+    attr_accessor :parent
+
+    RED = :red
+    BLACK = :black
+    COLORS = [RED, BLACK].freeze
+
+    def initialize(key, color = RED)
+      raise ArgumentError, "Bad value for color parameter" unless COLORS.include?(color)
+      @color = color
+      @key = key
+      @left = @right = @parent = NilNode.instance
+    end
+
+    def black?
+      return color == BLACK
+    end
+
+    def red?
+      return color == RED
+    end
+  end
+
+  class NilNode < Node
+    class << self
+      private :new
+
+      # it's not thread safe
+      def instance
+        @instance ||= begin
+          def instance
+            return @instance
+          end
+
+          new
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def initialize
+      self.color = BLACK
+      self.key = 0
+      self.left = nil
+      self.right = nil
+      self.parent = nil
+    end
+
+    def nil?
+      return true
+    end
+  end
+
+  include Enumerable
+
+  attr_accessor :root
+  attr_accessor :size
+
+  def initialize
+    self.root = NilNode.instance
+    self.size = 0
+  end
+
+  def add(key)
+    insert(Node.new(key))
+  end
+
+  def insert(x)
+    insert_helper(x)
+
+    x.color = Node::RED
+    while x != root && x.parent.color == Node::RED
+      if x.parent == x.parent.parent.left
+        y = x.parent.parent.right
+        if !y.nil? && y.color == Node::RED
+          x.parent.color = Node::BLACK
+          y.color = Node::BLACK
+          x.parent.parent.color = Node::RED
+          x = x.parent.parent
+        else
+          if x == x.parent.right
+            x = x.parent
+            left_rotate(x)
+          end
+          x.parent.color = Node::BLACK
+          x.parent.parent.color = Node::RED
+          right_rotate(x.parent.parent)
+        end
+      else
+        y = x.parent.parent.left
+        if !y.nil? && y.color == Node::RED
+          x.parent.color = Node::BLACK
+          y.color = Node::BLACK
+          x.parent.parent.color = Node::RED
+          x = x.parent.parent
+        else
+          if x == x.parent.left
+            x = x.parent
+            right_rotate(x)
+          end
+          x.parent.color = Node::BLACK
+          x.parent.parent.color = Node::RED
+          left_rotate(x.parent.parent)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    root.color = Node::BLACK
+  end
+
+  alias << insert
+
+  def delete(z)
+    y = (z.left.nil? || z.right.nil?) ? z : successor(z)
+    x = y.left.nil? ? y.right : y.left
+    x.parent = y.parent
+
+    if y.parent.nil?
+      self.root = x
+    else
+      if y == y.parent.left
+        y.parent.left = x
+      else
+        y.parent.right = x
+      end
+    end
+
+    z.key = y.key if y != z
+
+    if y.color == Node::BLACK
+      delete_fixup(x)
+    end
+
+    self.size -= 1
+    return y
+  end
+
+  def minimum(x = root)
+    while !x.left.nil?
+      x = x.left
+    end
+    return x
+  end
+
+  def maximum(x = root)
+    while !x.right.nil?
+      x = x.right
+    end
+    return x
+  end
+
+  def successor(x)
+    if !x.right.nil?
+      return minimum(x.right)
+    end
+    y = x.parent
+    while !y.nil? && x == y.right
+      x = y
+      y = y.parent
+    end
+    return y
+  end
+
+  def predecessor(x)
+    if !x.left.nil?
+      return maximum(x.left)
+    end
+    y = x.parent
+    while !y.nil? && x == y.left
+      x = y
+      y = y.parent
+    end
+    return y
+  end
+
+  def inorder_walk(x = root)
+    x = self.minimum
+    while !x.nil?
+      yield x.key
+      x = successor(x)
+    end
+  end
+
+  alias each inorder_walk
+
+  def reverse_inorder_walk(x = root)
+    x = self.maximum
+    while !x.nil?
+      yield x.key
+      x = predecessor(x)
+    end
+  end
+
+  alias reverse_each reverse_inorder_walk
+
+  def search(key, x = root)
+    while !x.nil? && x.key != key
+      key < x.key ? x = x.left : x = x.right
+    end
+    return x
+  end
+
+  def empty?
+    return self.root.nil?
+  end
+
+  def black_height(x = root)
+    height = 0
+    while !x.nil?
+      x = x.left
+      height +=1 if x.nil? || x.black?
+    end
+    return height
+  end
+
+private
+
+  def left_rotate(x)
+    raise "x.right is nil!" if x.right.nil?
+    y = x.right
+    x.right = y.left
+    y.left.parent = x if !y.left.nil?
+    y.parent = x.parent
+    if x.parent.nil?
+      self.root = y
+    else
+      if x == x.parent.left
+        x.parent.left = y
+      else
+        x.parent.right = y
+      end
+    end
+    y.left = x
+    x.parent = y
+  end
+
+  def right_rotate(x)
+    raise "x.left is nil!" if x.left.nil?
+    y = x.left
+    x.left = y.right
+    y.right.parent = x if !y.right.nil?
+    y.parent = x.parent
+    if x.parent.nil?
+      self.root = y
+    else
+      if x == x.parent.left
+        x.parent.left = y
+      else
+        x.parent.right = y
+      end
+    end
+    y.right = x
+    x.parent = y
+  end
+
+  def insert_helper(z)
+    y = NilNode.instance
+    x = root
+    while !x.nil?
+      y = x
+      z.key < x.key ? x = x.left : x = x.right
+    end
+    z.parent = y
+    if y.nil?
+      self.root = z
+    else
+      z.key < y.key ? y.left = z : y.right = z
+    end
+    self.size += 1
+  end
+
+  def delete_fixup(x)
+    while x != root && x.color == Node::BLACK
+      if x == x.parent.left
+        w = x.parent.right
+        if w.color == Node::RED
+          w.color = Node::BLACK
+          x.parent.color = Node::RED
+          left_rotate(x.parent)
+          w = x.parent.right
+        end
+        if w.left.color == Node::BLACK && w.right.color == Node::BLACK
+          w.color = Node::RED
+          x = x.parent
+        else
+          if w.right.color == Node::BLACK
+            w.left.color = Node::BLACK
+            w.color = Node::RED
+            right_rotate(w)
+            w = x.parent.right
+          end
+          w.color = x.parent.color
+          x.parent.color = Node::BLACK
+          w.right.color = Node::BLACK
+          left_rotate(x.parent)
+          x = root
+        end
+      else
+        w = x.parent.left
+        if w.color == Node::RED
+          w.color = Node::BLACK
+          x.parent.color = Node::RED
+          right_rotate(x.parent)
+          w = x.parent.left
+        end
+        if w.right.color == Node::BLACK && w.left.color == Node::BLACK
+          w.color = Node::RED
+          x = x.parent
+        else
+          if w.left.color == Node::BLACK
+            w.right.color = Node::BLACK
+            w.color = Node::RED
+            left_rotate(w)
+            w = x.parent.left
+          end
+          w.color = x.parent.color
+          x.parent.color = Node::BLACK
+          w.left.color = Node::BLACK
+          right_rotate(x.parent)
+          x = root
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    x.color = Node::BLACK
+  end
+end
+
+def rbt_bm
+  n = 100_000
+  a1 = []; n.times { a1 << rand(999_999) }
+  a2 = []; n.times { a2 << rand(999_999) }
+
+  start = Time.now
+
+  tree = RedBlackTree.new
+
+  n.times {|i| tree.add(i) }
+  n.times { tree.delete(tree.root) }
+
+  tree = RedBlackTree.new
+  a1.each {|e| tree.add(e) }
+  a2.each {|e| tree.search(e) }
+  tree.inorder_walk {|key| key + 1 }
+  tree.reverse_inorder_walk {|key| key + 1 }
+  n.times { tree.minimum }
+  n.times { tree.maximum }
+
+  return Time.now - start
+end
+
+N = (ARGV[0] || 10).to_i
+
+N.times do
+  # puts rbt_bm.to_f
+  rbt_bm.to_f
+  # puts "GC.count = #{GC.count}" if GC.respond_to?(:count)
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/gc/ring.rb b/benchmark/gc/ring.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be2c7b7250
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/gc/ring.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# create many old objects
+
+max = 30_000_000
+
+class Ring
+  attr_reader :next_ring
+  def initialize n = nil
+    @next_ring = n
+  end
+
+
+  def size
+    s = 1
+    ring = self
+    while ring.next_ring
+      s += 1
+      ring = ring.next_ring
+    end
+    s
+  end
+end
+
+ring = Ring.new
+
+max.times{
+  ring = Ring.new(ring)
+}
+
+# p ring.size
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_aref_dsym.rb b/benchmark/hash_aref_dsym.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..af4f8c36d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_aref_dsym.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+h = {}
+syms = ('a'..'z').map { |s| s.to_sym }
+syms.each { |s| h[s] = 1 }
+200_000.times { syms.each { |s| h[s] } }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_aref_dsym_long.rb b/benchmark/hash_aref_dsym_long.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d7759379e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_aref_dsym_long.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# [ruby-core:70129] [Bug #11396]
+collection_size = 200000
+sample_size = 10000
+
+values = (1..collection_size).to_a.map do |x|
+  "THIS IS A LONGER STRING THAT IS ALSO UNIQUE #{x}"
+end
+
+symbol_hash = {}
+
+values.each do |x|
+  symbol_hash[x.to_sym] = 1
+end
+
+# use the same samples each time to minimize deviations
+rng = Random.new(0)
+symbol_sample_array = values.sample(sample_size, random: rng).map(&:to_sym)
+
+3000.times do
+  symbol_sample_array.each { |x| symbol_hash[x] }
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_aref_fix.rb b/benchmark/hash_aref_fix.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1346890582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_aref_fix.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+h = {}
+nums = (1..26).to_a
+nums.each { |i| h[i] = i }
+200_000.times { nums.each { |s| h[s] } }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_aref_flo.rb b/benchmark/hash_aref_flo.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2217274c82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_aref_flo.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+h = {}
+strs = [*1..10000].map! {|i| i.fdiv(10)}
+strs.each { |s| h[s] = s }
+50.times { strs.each { |s| h[s] } }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_aref_miss.rb b/benchmark/hash_aref_miss.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0913dd4bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_aref_miss.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+h = {}
+strs = ('a'..'z').to_a.map!(&:freeze)
+strs.each { |s| h[s] = s }
+strs = ('A'..'Z').to_a
+200_000.times { strs.each { |s| h[s] } }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_aref_str.rb b/benchmark/hash_aref_str.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..19439b061b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_aref_str.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+h = {}
+strs = ('a'..'z').to_a.map!(&:freeze)
+strs.each { |s| h[s] = s }
+200_000.times { strs.each { |s| h[s] } }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_aref_sym.rb b/benchmark/hash_aref_sym.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f75d163fe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_aref_sym.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+h = {}
+syms = ('a'..'z').to_a
+begin
+  syms = eval("%i[#{syms.join(' ')}]")
+rescue SyntaxError # <= 1.9.3
+  syms.map!(&:to_sym)
+end
+syms.each { |s| h[s] = s }
+200_000.times { syms.each { |s| h[s] } }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_aref_sym_long.rb b/benchmark/hash_aref_sym_long.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9dab8df7be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_aref_sym_long.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+h = {}
+syms = %w[puts warn syswrite write stat bacon lettuce tomato
+some symbols in this array may already be interned  others should not be
+hash browns make good breakfast but not cooked using prime numbers
+shift for division entries delete_if keys exist?
+]
+begin
+  syms = eval("%i[#{syms.join(' ')}]")
+rescue SyntaxError # <= 1.9.3
+  syms.map!(&:to_sym)
+end
+syms.each { |s| h[s] = s }
+200_000.times { syms.each { |s| h[s] } }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_defaults.yml b/benchmark/hash_defaults.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..833f10e1c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_defaults.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+prelude: |
+  h = Hash.new { :foo }
+benchmark:
+  default_aref: h[1]
+  default_method: h.default(1)
+loop_count: 1000000
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_dup.yml b/benchmark/hash_dup.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..65f521ec94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_dup.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  small_hash = { a: 1 }
+  larger_hash = 20.times.map { |i| [('a'.ord + i).chr.to_sym, i] }.to_h
+
+benchmark:
+  dup_small: small_hash.dup
+  dup_larger: larger_hash.dup
+loop_count: 10000
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_flatten.rb b/benchmark/hash_flatten.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e944aae9f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_flatten.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+h = {}
+
+10000.times do |i|
+  h[i] = nil
+end
+
+1000.times do
+  h.flatten
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_ident_flo.rb b/benchmark/hash_ident_flo.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c7edfed3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_ident_flo.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+h = {}.compare_by_identity
+strs = (1..10000).to_a.map!(&:to_f)
+strs.each { |s| h[s] = s }
+50.times { strs.each { |s| h[s] } }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_ident_num.rb b/benchmark/hash_ident_num.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b226736c6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_ident_num.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+h = {}.compare_by_identity
+nums = (1..26).to_a
+nums.each { |n| h[n] = n }
+200_000.times { nums.each { |n| h[n] } }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_ident_obj.rb b/benchmark/hash_ident_obj.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b3b58edec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_ident_obj.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+h = {}.compare_by_identity
+objs = 26.times.map { Object.new }
+objs.each { |o| h[o] = o }
+200_000.times { objs.each { |o| h[o] } }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_ident_str.rb b/benchmark/hash_ident_str.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8582b38e31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_ident_str.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+h = {}.compare_by_identity
+strs = ('a'..'z').to_a
+strs.each { |s| h[s] = s }
+200_000.times { strs.each { |s| h[s] } }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_ident_sym.rb b/benchmark/hash_ident_sym.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c81e3d28e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_ident_sym.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+h = {}.compare_by_identity
+syms = ('a'..'z').to_a.map(&:to_sym)
+syms.each { |s| h[s] = s }
+200_000.times { syms.each { |s| h[s] } }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_keys.rb b/benchmark/hash_keys.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6863cd01f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_keys.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+h = {}
+
+10000.times do |i|
+  h[i] = nil
+end
+
+5000.times do
+  h.keys
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_literal_small2.rb b/benchmark/hash_literal_small2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c188529260
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_literal_small2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+1_000_000.times.map { { "foo" => "bar", "bar" => "baz" }  }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_literal_small4.rb b/benchmark/hash_literal_small4.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..739f71b5b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_literal_small4.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+1_000_000.times.map { { "foo" => "bar", "bar" => "baz", "baz" => "lol", "lol" => "lgtm" } }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_literal_small8.rb b/benchmark/hash_literal_small8.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..53d80af535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_literal_small8.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+1_000_000.times.map { { "foo" => "bar", "bar" => "baz", "baz" => "lol", "lol" => "lgtm", "lgtm" => "nope", "nope" => "ok", "ok" => "again", "again" => "wait" } }
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_long.rb b/benchmark/hash_long.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03d9109602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_long.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+k1 = "Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong";
+k2 = "Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping Pong Ping";
+h = {k1 => 0, k2 => 0};
+3000000.times{|i| k = i % 2 ? k2 : k1; h [k] = h[k] + 1}
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_shift.rb b/benchmark/hash_shift.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a645671a5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_shift.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+h = {}
+
+10000.times do |i|
+  h[i] = nil
+end
+
+50000.times do
+  k, v = h.shift
+  h[k] = v
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_shift_u16.rb b/benchmark/hash_shift_u16.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec800d0342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_shift_u16.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+h = {}
+
+(16384..65536).each do |i|
+  h[i] = nil
+end
+
+300000.times do
+  k, v = h.shift
+  h[k] = v
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_shift_u24.rb b/benchmark/hash_shift_u24.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de4e0fa696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_shift_u24.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+h = {}
+
+(0xff4000..0xffffff).each do |i|
+  h[i] = nil
+end
+
+300000.times do
+  k, v = h.shift
+  h[k] = v
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_shift_u32.rb b/benchmark/hash_shift_u32.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..656aa55583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_shift_u32.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+h = {}
+
+(0xffff4000..0xffffffff).each do |i|
+  h[i] = nil
+end
+
+300000.times do
+  k, v = h.shift
+  h[k] = v
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_small2.rb b/benchmark/hash_small2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..45485d9c71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_small2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1000000.times.map{|i| a={}; 2.times{|j| a[j]=j}; a}
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_small4.rb b/benchmark/hash_small4.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..acd4084334
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_small4.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1000000.times.map{|i| a={}; 4.times{|j| a[j]=j}; a}
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_small8.rb b/benchmark/hash_small8.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9cffcc91b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_small8.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1000000.times.map{|i| a={}; 8.times{|j| a[j]=j}; a}
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_to_proc.rb b/benchmark/hash_to_proc.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b675bf509
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_to_proc.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+h = {}
+
+10000.times do |i|
+  h[i] = nil
+end
+
+5000.times do |i|
+  [i].map(&h)
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/hash_values.rb b/benchmark/hash_values.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..069441302f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/hash_values.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+h = {}
+
+10000.times do |i|
+  h[i] = nil
+end
+
+5000.times do
+  h.values
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/int_quo.rb b/benchmark/int_quo.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e22a3f8c30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/int_quo.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+5000000.times { 42.quo(3) }
diff --git a/benchmark/io_copy_stream_write.rb b/benchmark/io_copy_stream_write.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3fd87250a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/io_copy_stream_write.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# The goal of this is to use a synthetic (non-IO) reader
+# to trigger the read/write loop of IO.copy_stream,
+# bypassing in-kernel mechanisms like sendfile for zero copy,
+# so we wrap the /dev/zero IO object:
+
+class Zero
+  def initialize
+    @n = 100000
+    @in = File.open('/dev/zero', 'rb')
+  end
+
+  def read(len, buf)
+    return if (@n -= 1) == 0
+    @in.read(len, buf)
+  end
+end
+
+begin
+  src = Zero.new
+  dst = File.open(IO::NULL, 'wb')
+  n = IO.copy_stream(src, dst)
+rescue Errno::ENOENT
+  # not *nix
+end if IO.respond_to?(:copy_stream) && IO.const_defined?(:NULL)
diff --git a/benchmark/io_copy_stream_write_socket.rb b/benchmark/io_copy_stream_write_socket.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11f369bd0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/io_copy_stream_write_socket.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# The goal of this is to use a synthetic (non-IO) reader
+# to trigger the read/write loop of IO.copy_stream,
+# bypassing in-kernel mechanisms like sendfile for zero copy,
+# so we wrap the /dev/zero IO object:
+class Zero
+  def initialize
+    @n = 100000
+    @in = File.open('/dev/zero', 'rb')
+  end
+
+  def read(len, buf)
+    return if (@n -= 1) == 0
+    @in.read(len, buf)
+  end
+end
+
+begin
+  require 'socket'
+  src = Zero.new
+  rd, wr = UNIXSocket.pair
+  pid = fork do
+    wr.close
+    buf = String.new
+    while rd.read(16384, buf)
+    end
+  end
+  rd.close
+  IO.copy_stream(src, wr)
+rescue Errno::ENOENT, NotImplementedError, NameError
+  # not *nix: missing /dev/zero, fork, or UNIXSocket
+rescue LoadError # no socket?
+ensure
+  wr.close if wr
+  Process.waitpid(pid) if pid
+end if IO.respond_to?(:copy_stream)
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_io_file_create.rb b/benchmark/io_file_create.rb
index 2f205c1333..2f205c1333 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_io_file_create.rb
+++ b/benchmark/io_file_create.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_io_file_read.rb b/benchmark/io_file_read.rb
index b9e796ed30..b9e796ed30 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_io_file_read.rb
+++ b/benchmark/io_file_read.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_io_file_write.rb b/benchmark/io_file_write.rb
index aa1be0e5fe..aa1be0e5fe 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_io_file_write.rb
+++ b/benchmark/io_file_write.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/io_nonblock_noex.rb b/benchmark/io_nonblock_noex.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da9357fdc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/io_nonblock_noex.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+nr = 1_000_000
+i = 0
+msg = '.'
+buf = '.'
+noex = { exception: false }
+begin
+  r, w = IO.pipe
+  while i < nr
+    i += 1
+    w.write_nonblock(msg, noex)
+    r.read_nonblock(1, buf, noex)
+  end
+rescue ArgumentError # old Rubies
+  while i < nr
+    i += 1
+    w.write_nonblock(msg)
+    r.read_nonblock(1, buf)
+  end
+ensure
+  r.close
+  w.close
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/io_nonblock_noex2.rb b/benchmark/io_nonblock_noex2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..56819d049b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/io_nonblock_noex2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+nr = 1_000_000
+i = 0
+msg = '.'
+buf = '.'
+begin
+  r, w = IO.pipe
+  while i < nr
+    i += 1
+    w.write_nonblock(msg, exception: false)
+    r.read_nonblock(1, buf, exception: false)
+  end
+rescue ArgumentError # old Rubies
+  while i < nr
+    i += 1
+    w.write_nonblock(msg)
+    r.read_nonblock(1, buf)
+  end
+ensure
+  r.close
+  w.close
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/io_pipe_rw.rb b/benchmark/io_pipe_rw.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6862a8ae61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/io_pipe_rw.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Measure uncontended GVL performance via read/write with 1:1 threading
+# If we switch to M:N threading, this will benchmark something else...
+r, w = IO.pipe
+src = '0'.freeze
+dst = String.new
+i = 0
+while i < 1_000_000
+  i += 1
+  w.write(src)
+  r.read(1, dst)
+end
+w.close
+r.close
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_io_select.rb b/benchmark/io_select.rb
index 19248daeb1..19248daeb1 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_io_select.rb
+++ b/benchmark/io_select.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/io_select2.rb b/benchmark/io_select2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10e37d71b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/io_select2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# IO.select performance. worst case of single fd.
+
+ios = []
+nr = 1000000
+if defined?(Process::RLIMIT_NOFILE)
+  max = Process.getrlimit(Process::RLIMIT_NOFILE)[0]
+else
+  max = 64
+end
+puts "max fd: #{max} (results not apparent with <= 1024 max fd)"
+
+((max / 2) - 10).times do
+  ios.concat IO.pipe
+end
+
+last = [ ios[-1] ]
+puts "last IO: #{last[0].inspect}"
+
+nr.times do
+  IO.select nil, last
+end
+
diff --git a/benchmark/io_select3.rb b/benchmark/io_select3.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d0ba1f092
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/io_select3.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# IO.select performance. a lot of fd
+
+ios = []
+nr = 100
+if defined?(Process::RLIMIT_NOFILE)
+  max = Process.getrlimit(Process::RLIMIT_NOFILE)[0]
+else
+  max = 64
+end
+puts "max fd: #{max} (results not apparent with <= 1024 max fd)"
+
+(max - 10).times do
+  r, w = IO.pipe
+  r.close
+  ios.push w
+end
+
+nr.times do
+  IO.select nil, ios
+end
+
diff --git a/benchmark/irb_color.yml b/benchmark/irb_color.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ebdc8d7e8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/irb_color.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+prelude: |
+  require 'irb/color'
+  code = <<~'CODE'
+    def self.foo # bar
+      :"erb #{ERB.new("<%= self %>", trim_mode: ?-).result}"
+    end
+  CODE
+benchmark:
+  irb_color_complete: |
+    IRB::Color.colorize_code(code, complete: true)
+  irb_color_incomplete: |
+    IRB::Color.colorize_code(code, complete: false)
+loop_count: 2000000
diff --git a/benchmark/irb_exec.yml b/benchmark/irb_exec.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28933f8b38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/irb_exec.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+prelude: |
+  # frozen_string_literal: true
+  require 'rbconfig'
+  irb_f = [File.join(File.dirname(RbConfig.ruby), 'irb'), '-f']
+benchmark:
+  irb_exec: |
+    IO.popen(irb_f, 'w') do |io|
+      io.write('exit')
+    end
+loop_count: 30
diff --git a/benchmark/kernel_clone.yml b/benchmark/kernel_clone.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..069b23abcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/kernel_clone.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+prelude: "object = Object.new"
+benchmark:
+  clone: "object.clone"
+  clone_true: "object.clone(freeze: true)"
+  clone_false: "object.clone(freeze: false)"
+loop_count: 10000
diff --git a/benchmark/kernel_float.yml b/benchmark/kernel_float.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..215f6750fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/kernel_float.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+benchmark:
+  float: "Float(42)"
+  float_true: "Float(42, exception: true)"
+  float_false: "Float(42, exception: false)"
+loop_count: 10000
diff --git a/benchmark/kernel_tap.yml b/benchmark/kernel_tap.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dcbb31b4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/kernel_tap.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+prelude: |
+  obj = Object.new
+  x = nil
+benchmark:
+  kernel_tap: obj.tap { |o| x = o }
+loop_count: 20000000
diff --git a/benchmark/kernel_then.yml b/benchmark/kernel_then.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..85f7341e33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/kernel_then.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+benchmark:
+  kernel_then: 1.then { |i| i + 1 }
+  kernel_then_enum: 1.then
+  kernel_yield_self: 1.yield_self { |i| i + 1 }
+  kernel_yield_self_enum: 1.yield_self
+loop_count: 20000000
diff --git a/benchmark/keyword_arguments.yml b/benchmark/keyword_arguments.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fce6bce0b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/keyword_arguments.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+prelude: |
+  h = {a: 1}
+  def kw(a: 1) a end
+  def kws(**kw) kw end
+benchmark:
+  kw_to_kw: "kw(a: 1)"
+  kw_splat_to_kw: "kw(**h)"
+  kw_to_kw_splat: "kws(a: 1)"
+  kw_splat_to_kw_splat: "kws(**h)"
+  kw_and_splat_to_kw: "kw(a: 1, **h)"
+  kw_splats_to_kw: "kw(**h, **h)"
+  kw_and_splat_to_kw_splat: "kws(a: 1, **h)"
+  kw_splats_to_kw_splat: "kws(**h, **h)"
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/output/driver.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/output/driver.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d22236e9fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/output/driver.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/output/simple'
+
+# This replicates the legacy benchmark/driver.rb behavior.
+class BenchmarkDriver::Output::Driver < BenchmarkDriver::Output::Simple
+  def initialize(*)
+    super
+    @stdout = $stdout
+    @strio  = StringIO.new
+    $stdout = IOMultiplexer.new(@stdout, @strio)
+  end
+
+  def with_benchmark(*)
+    super
+  ensure
+    logfile = "bmlog-#{Time.now.strftime('%Y%m%d-%H%M%S')}.#{$$}.log"
+    puts "\nLog file: #{logfile}"
+
+    $stdout = @stdout
+    File.write(logfile, @strio.tap(&:rewind).read)
+  end
+
+  class IOMultiplexer
+    def initialize(io1, io2)
+      @io1 = io1
+      @io2 = io2
+    end
+
+    [:write, :sync, :sync=, :puts, :print, :flush].each do |method|
+      define_method(method) do |*args|
+        @io1.send(method, *args)
+        @io2.send(method, *args)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  private_constant :IOMultiplexer
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/cstime.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/cstime.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c3453e527
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/cstime.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/runner/total'
+
+class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Cstime < BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total
+  METRIC = BenchmarkDriver::Metric.new(name: 'cstime', unit: 's', larger_better: false)
+
+  # JobParser returns this, `BenchmarkDriver::Runner.runner_for` searches "*::Job"
+  Job = Class.new(BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJob)
+  # Dynamically fetched and used by `BenchmarkDriver::JobParser.parse`
+  JobParser = BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJobParser.for(klass: Job, metrics: [METRIC])
+
+  private
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total#metric
+  def metric
+    METRIC
+  end
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total#target
+  def target
+    :cstime
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/cutime.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/cutime.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e139962ef2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/cutime.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/runner/total'
+
+class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Cutime < BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total
+  METRIC = BenchmarkDriver::Metric.new(name: 'cutime', unit: 's', larger_better: false)
+
+  # JobParser returns this, `BenchmarkDriver::Runner.runner_for` searches "*::Job"
+  Job = Class.new(BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJob)
+  # Dynamically fetched and used by `BenchmarkDriver::JobParser.parse`
+  JobParser = BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJobParser.for(klass: Job, metrics: [METRIC])
+
+  private
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total#metric
+  def metric
+    METRIC
+  end
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total#target
+  def target
+    :cutime
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d4693e8be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/struct'
+require 'benchmark_driver/metric'
+require 'erb'
+
+# A runner to measure after-JIT performance easily
+class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Mjit < BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Ips
+  # JobParser returns this, `BenchmarkDriver::Runner.runner_for` searches "*::Job"
+  Job = Class.new(BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJob)
+
+  # Dynamically fetched and used by `BenchmarkDriver::JobParser.parse`
+  JobParser = BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJobParser.for(klass: Job, metrics: [METRIC]).extend(Module.new{
+    def parse(**)
+      jobs = super
+      jobs.map do |job|
+        job = job.dup
+        job.prelude = "#{job.prelude}\n#{<<~EOS}"
+          if defined?(RubyVM::MJIT) && RubyVM::MJIT.enabled?
+            __bmdv_ruby_i = 0
+            while __bmdv_ruby_i < 10000 # jit_min_calls
+              #{job.script}
+              __bmdv_ruby_i += 1
+            end
+            RubyVM::MJIT.pause # compile
+            #{job.script}
+            RubyVM::MJIT.resume; RubyVM::MJIT.pause # recompile
+            #{job.script}
+            RubyVM::MJIT.resume; RubyVM::MJIT.pause # recompile 2
+          end
+        EOS
+        job
+      end
+    end
+  })
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit_exec.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit_exec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eac3dfba84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit_exec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/struct'
+require 'benchmark_driver/metric'
+require 'erb'
+
+# A special runner dedicated for measuring mjit_exec overhead.
+class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::MjitExec
+  METRIC = BenchmarkDriver::Metric.new(name: 'Iteration per second', unit: 'i/s')
+
+  # JobParser returns this, `BenchmarkDriver::Runner.runner_for` searches "*::Job"
+  Job = ::BenchmarkDriver::Struct.new(
+    :name,        # @param [String] name - This is mandatory for all runner
+    :metrics,     # @param [Array<BenchmarkDriver::Metric>]
+    :num_methods, # @param [Integer] num_methods - The number of methods to be defined
+    :loop_count,  # @param [Integer] loop_count
+    :from_jit,    # @param [TrueClass,FalseClass] from_jit - Whether the mjit_exec() is from JIT or not
+    :to_jit,      # @param [TrueClass,FalseClass] to_jit - Whether the mjit_exec() is to JIT or not
+  )
+  # Dynamically fetched and used by `BenchmarkDriver::JobParser.parse`
+  class << JobParser = Module.new
+    # @param [Array,String] num_methods
+    # @param [Integer] loop_count
+    # @param [TrueClass,FalseClass] from_jit
+    # @param [TrueClass,FalseClass] to_jit
+    def parse(num_methods:, loop_count:, from_jit:, to_jit:)
+      if num_methods.is_a?(String)
+        num_methods = eval(num_methods)
+      end
+
+      num_methods.map do |num|
+        if num_methods.size > 1
+          suffix = "[#{'%4d' % num}]"
+        else
+          suffix = "_#{num}"
+        end
+        Job.new(
+          name: "mjit_exec_#{from_jit ? 'JT' : 'VM'}2#{to_jit ? 'JT' : 'VM'}#{suffix}",
+          metrics: [METRIC],
+          num_methods: num,
+          loop_count: loop_count,
+          from_jit: from_jit,
+          to_jit: to_jit,
+        )
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Config::RunnerConfig] config
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Output] output
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Context] contexts
+  def initialize(config:, output:, contexts:)
+    @config = config
+    @output = output
+    @contexts = contexts
+  end
+
+  # This method is dynamically called by `BenchmarkDriver::JobRunner.run`
+  # @param [Array<BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Peak::Job>] jobs
+  def run(jobs)
+    @output.with_benchmark do
+      jobs.each do |job|
+        @output.with_job(name: job.name) do
+          @contexts.each do |context|
+            result = BenchmarkDriver::Repeater.with_repeat(config: @config, larger_better: true, rest_on_average: :average) do
+              run_benchmark(job, context: context)
+            end
+            value, duration = result.value
+            @output.with_context(name: context.name, executable: context.executable, gems: context.gems, prelude: context.prelude) do
+              @output.report(values: { METRIC => value }, duration: duration, loop_count: job.loop_count)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Ips::Job] job - loop_count is not nil
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Context] context
+  # @return [BenchmarkDriver::Metrics]
+  def run_benchmark(job, context:)
+    if job.from_jit
+      if job.to_jit
+        benchmark = BenchmarkJT2JT.new(num_methods: job.num_methods, loop_count: job.loop_count)
+      else
+        raise NotImplementedError, "JT2VM is not implemented yet"
+      end
+    else
+      if job.to_jit
+        benchmark = BenchmarkVM2JT.new(num_methods: job.num_methods, loop_count: job.loop_count)
+      else
+        benchmark = BenchmarkVM2VM.new(num_methods: job.num_methods, loop_count: job.loop_count)
+      end
+    end
+
+    duration = Tempfile.open(['benchmark_driver-result', '.txt']) do |f|
+      with_script(benchmark.render(result: f.path)) do |path|
+        opt = []
+        if context.executable.command.any? { |c| c.start_with?('--jit') }
+          opt << '--jit-min-calls=2'
+        end
+        IO.popen([*context.executable.command, '--disable-gems', *opt, path], &:read)
+        if $?.success?
+          Float(f.read)
+        else
+          BenchmarkDriver::Result::ERROR
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    [job.loop_count.to_f / duration, duration]
+  end
+
+  def with_script(script)
+    if @config.verbose >= 2
+      sep = '-' * 30
+      $stdout.puts "\n\n#{sep}[Script begin]#{sep}\n#{script}#{sep}[Script end]#{sep}\n\n"
+    end
+
+    Tempfile.open(['benchmark_driver-', '.rb']) do |f|
+      f.puts script
+      f.close
+      return yield(f.path)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # @param [Integer] num_methods
+  # @param [Integer] loop_count
+  BenchmarkVM2VM = ::BenchmarkDriver::Struct.new(:num_methods, :loop_count) do
+    # @param [String] result - A file to write result
+    def render(result:)
+      ERB.new(<<~EOS, trim_mode: '%').result(binding)
+        % num_methods.times do |i|
+        def a<%= i %>
+          nil
+        end
+        % end
+        RubyVM::MJIT.pause if defined?(RubyVM::MJIT) && RubyVM::MJIT.enabled?
+
+        def vm
+          t = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+          i = 0
+          while i < <%= loop_count / 1000 %>
+        % 1000.times do |i|
+            a<%= i % num_methods %>
+        % end
+            i += 1
+          end
+        % (loop_count % 1000).times do |i|
+          a<%= i % num_methods %>
+        % end
+          Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - t
+        end
+
+        vm # warmup call cache
+        File.write(<%= result.dump %>, vm)
+      EOS
+    end
+  end
+  private_constant :BenchmarkVM2VM
+
+  # @param [Integer] num_methods
+  # @param [Integer] loop_count
+  BenchmarkVM2JT = ::BenchmarkDriver::Struct.new(:num_methods, :loop_count) do
+    # @param [String] result - A file to write result
+    def render(result:)
+      ERB.new(<<~EOS, trim_mode: '%').result(binding)
+        % num_methods.times do |i|
+        def a<%= i %>
+          nil
+        end
+        a<%= i %>
+        a<%= i %> # --jit-min-calls=2
+        % end
+        RubyVM::MJIT.pause if defined?(RubyVM::MJIT) && RubyVM::MJIT.enabled?
+
+        def vm
+          t = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+          i = 0
+          while i < <%= loop_count / 1000 %>
+        % 1000.times do |i|
+            a<%= i % num_methods %>
+        % end
+            i += 1
+          end
+        % (loop_count % 1000).times do |i|
+          a<%= i % num_methods %>
+        % end
+          Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - t
+        end
+
+        vm # warmup call cache
+        File.write(<%= result.dump %>, vm)
+      EOS
+    end
+  end
+  private_constant :BenchmarkVM2JT
+
+  # @param [Integer] num_methods
+  # @param [Integer] loop_count
+  BenchmarkJT2JT = ::BenchmarkDriver::Struct.new(:num_methods, :loop_count) do
+    # @param [String] result - A file to write result
+    def render(result:)
+      ERB.new(<<~EOS, trim_mode: '%').result(binding)
+        % num_methods.times do |i|
+        def a<%= i %>
+          nil
+        end
+        % end
+
+        # You may need to:
+        #   * Increase `JIT_ISEQ_SIZE_THRESHOLD` to 10000000 in mjit.h
+        #   * Always return false in `inlinable_iseq_p()` of mjit_compile.c
+        def jit
+          t = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+          i = 0
+          while i < <%= loop_count / 1000 %>
+        % 1000.times do |i|
+            a<%= i % num_methods %>
+        % end
+            i += 1
+          end
+        % (loop_count % 1000).times do |i|
+          a<%= i % num_methods %>
+        % end
+          Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - t
+        end
+
+        jit
+        jit
+        RubyVM::MJIT.pause if defined?(RubyVM::MJIT) && RubyVM::MJIT.enabled?
+        File.write(<%= result.dump %>, jit)
+      EOS
+    end
+  end
+  private_constant :BenchmarkJT2JT
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/peak.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/peak.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d04f2e51ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/peak.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/struct'
+require 'benchmark_driver/metric'
+require 'benchmark_driver/default_job'
+require 'benchmark_driver/default_job_parser'
+require 'tempfile'
+
+class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Peak
+  METRIC = BenchmarkDriver::Metric.new(
+    name: 'Peak memory usage', unit: 'bytes', larger_better: false, worse_word: 'larger',
+  )
+
+  # JobParser returns this, `BenchmarkDriver::Runner.runner_for` searches "*::Job"
+  Job = Class.new(BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJob)
+  # Dynamically fetched and used by `BenchmarkDriver::JobParser.parse`
+  JobParser = BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJobParser.for(klass: Job, metrics: [METRIC])
+
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Config::RunnerConfig] config
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Output] output
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Context] contexts
+  def initialize(config:, output:, contexts:)
+    @config = config
+    @output = output
+    @contexts = contexts
+  end
+
+  # This method is dynamically called by `BenchmarkDriver::JobRunner.run`
+  # @param [Array<BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Peak::Job>] jobs
+  def run(jobs)
+    if jobs.any? { |job| job.loop_count.nil? }
+      jobs = jobs.map do |job|
+        job.loop_count ? job : Job.new(job.to_h.merge(loop_count: 1))
+      end
+    end
+
+    @output.with_benchmark do
+      jobs.each do |job|
+        @output.with_job(name: job.name) do
+          job.runnable_contexts(@contexts).each do |context|
+            value = BenchmarkDriver::Repeater.with_repeat(config: @config, larger_better: false) do
+              run_benchmark(job, context: context)
+            end
+            @output.with_context(name: context.name, executable: context.executable, gems: context.gems, prelude: context.prelude) do
+              @output.report(values: { metric => value }, loop_count: job.loop_count)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Ips::Job] job - loop_count is not nil
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Context] context
+  # @return [BenchmarkDriver::Metrics]
+  def run_benchmark(job, context:)
+    benchmark = BenchmarkScript.new(
+      preludes:   [context.prelude, job.prelude],
+      script:     job.script,
+      teardown:   job.teardown,
+      loop_count: job.loop_count,
+    )
+
+    memory_status = File.expand_path('../../../../tool/lib/memory_status', __dir__)
+    Tempfile.open(['benchmark_driver-', '.rb']) do |f|
+      with_script(benchmark.render) do |path|
+        output = IO.popen([*context.executable.command, path, f.path, target, memory_status], &:read)
+        if $?.success?
+          Integer(f.read)
+        else
+          $stdout.print(output)
+          BenchmarkDriver::Result::ERROR
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Overridden by BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Size
+  def target
+    'peak'
+  end
+
+  # Overridden by BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Size
+  def metric
+    METRIC
+  end
+
+  def with_script(script)
+    if @config.verbose >= 2
+      sep = '-' * 30
+      $stdout.puts "\n\n#{sep}[Script begin]#{sep}\n#{script}#{sep}[Script end]#{sep}\n\n"
+    end
+
+    Tempfile.open(['benchmark_driver-', '.rb']) do |f|
+      f.puts script
+      f.close
+      return yield(f.path)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # @param [String] prelude
+  # @param [String] script
+  # @param [String] teardown
+  # @param [Integer] loop_count
+  BenchmarkScript = ::BenchmarkDriver::Struct.new(:preludes, :script, :teardown, :loop_count) do
+    def render
+      prelude = preludes.reject(&:nil?).reject(&:empty?).join("\n")
+      <<-RUBY
+#{prelude}
+#{while_loop(script, loop_count)}
+#{teardown}
+
+result_file, target, memory_status = ARGV
+require_relative memory_status
+
+ms = Memory::Status.new
+case target.to_sym
+when :peak
+  key = ms.respond_to?(:hwm) ? :hwm : :peak
+when :size
+  key = ms.respond_to?(:rss) ? :rss : :size
+else
+  raise('unexpected target: ' + target)
+end
+
+File.write(result_file, ms[key])
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def while_loop(content, times)
+      if !times.is_a?(Integer) || times <= 0
+        raise ArgumentError.new("Unexpected times: #{times.inspect}")
+      end
+
+      if times > 1
+        <<-RUBY
+__bmdv_i = 0
+while __bmdv_i < #{times}
+  #{content}
+  __bmdv_i += 1
+end
+        RUBY
+      else
+        content
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  private_constant :BenchmarkScript
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/size.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/size.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b31f901c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/size.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/runner/peak'
+
+# Actually the same as BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Memory
+class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Size < BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Peak
+  METRIC = BenchmarkDriver::Metric.new(
+    name: 'Max resident set size', unit: 'bytes', larger_better: false, worse_word: 'larger',
+  )
+
+  # JobParser returns this, `BenchmarkDriver::Runner.runner_for` searches "*::Job"
+  Job = Class.new(BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJob)
+  # Dynamically fetched and used by `BenchmarkDriver::JobParser.parse`
+  JobParser = BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJobParser.for(klass: Job, metrics: [METRIC])
+
+  private
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Peak#metric
+  def metric
+    METRIC
+  end
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Peak#target
+  def target
+    'size'
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/stime.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/stime.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4577fb0bf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/stime.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/runner/total'
+
+class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Stime < BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total
+  METRIC = BenchmarkDriver::Metric.new(name: 'stime', unit: 's', larger_better: false)
+
+  # JobParser returns this, `BenchmarkDriver::Runner.runner_for` searches "*::Job"
+  Job = Class.new(BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJob)
+  # Dynamically fetched and used by `BenchmarkDriver::JobParser.parse`
+  JobParser = BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJobParser.for(klass: Job, metrics: [METRIC])
+
+  private
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total#metric
+  def metric
+    METRIC
+  end
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total#target
+  def target
+    :stime
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/total.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/total.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64dc14f84e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/total.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/struct'
+require 'benchmark_driver/metric'
+require 'benchmark_driver/default_job'
+require 'benchmark_driver/default_job_parser'
+require 'tempfile'
+
+class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total
+  METRIC = BenchmarkDriver::Metric.new(name: 'Total time', unit: 's', larger_better: false)
+
+  # JobParser returns this, `BenchmarkDriver::Runner.runner_for` searches "*::Job"
+  Job = Class.new(BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJob)
+  # Dynamically fetched and used by `BenchmarkDriver::JobParser.parse`
+  JobParser = BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJobParser.for(klass: Job, metrics: [METRIC])
+
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Config::RunnerConfig] config
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Output] output
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Context] contexts
+  def initialize(config:, output:, contexts:)
+    @config = config
+    @output = output
+    @contexts = contexts
+  end
+
+  # This method is dynamically called by `BenchmarkDriver::JobRunner.run`
+  # @param [Array<BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total::Job>] jobs
+  def run(jobs)
+    if jobs.any? { |job| job.loop_count.nil? }
+      raise 'missing loop_count is not supported in Ruby repository'
+    end
+
+    @output.with_benchmark do
+      jobs.each do |job|
+        @output.with_job(name: job.name) do
+          job.runnable_contexts(@contexts).each do |context|
+            duration = BenchmarkDriver::Repeater.with_repeat(config: @config, larger_better: false) do
+              run_benchmark(job, context: context)
+            end
+            @output.with_context(name: context.name, executable: context.executable, gems: context.gems, prelude: context.prelude) do
+              @output.report(values: { metric => duration }, duration: duration, loop_count: job.loop_count)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Ips::Job] job - loop_count is not nil
+  # @param [BenchmarkDriver::Context] context
+  # @return [BenchmarkDriver::Metrics]
+  def run_benchmark(job, context:)
+    benchmark = BenchmarkScript.new(
+      preludes:   [context.prelude, job.prelude],
+      script:     job.script,
+      teardown:   job.teardown,
+      loop_count: job.loop_count,
+    )
+
+    Tempfile.open(['benchmark_driver-', '.rb']) do |f|
+      with_script(benchmark.render(result: f.path, target: target)) do |path|
+        IO.popen([*context.executable.command, path], &:read) # TODO: print stdout if verbose=2
+        if $?.success?
+          Float(f.read)
+        else
+          BenchmarkDriver::Result::ERROR
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # This method is overridden by some subclasses
+  def metric
+    METRIC
+  end
+
+  # This method is overridden by some subclasses
+  def target
+    :total
+  end
+
+  def with_script(script)
+    if @config.verbose >= 2
+      sep = '-' * 30
+      $stdout.puts "\n\n#{sep}[Script begin]#{sep}\n#{script}#{sep}[Script end]#{sep}\n\n"
+    end
+
+    Tempfile.open(['benchmark_driver-', '.rb']) do |f|
+      f.puts script
+      f.close
+      return yield(f.path)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # @param [String] prelude
+  # @param [String] script
+  # @param [String] teardown
+  # @param [Integer] loop_count
+  BenchmarkScript = ::BenchmarkDriver::Struct.new(:preludes, :script, :teardown, :loop_count) do
+    # @param [String] result - A file to write result
+    def render(result:, target:)
+      prelude = preludes.reject(&:nil?).reject(&:empty?).join("\n")
+      <<-RUBY
+#{prelude}
+
+require 'benchmark'
+__bmdv_result = Benchmark.measure {
+  #{while_loop(script, loop_count)}
+}
+
+#{teardown}
+
+File.write(#{result.dump}, __bmdv_result.#{target})
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def while_loop(content, times)
+      if !times.is_a?(Integer) || times <= 0
+        raise ArgumentError.new("Unexpected times: #{times.inspect}")
+      elsif times == 1
+        return content
+      end
+
+      # TODO: execute in batch
+      <<-RUBY
+__bmdv_i = 0
+while __bmdv_i < #{times}
+  #{content}
+  __bmdv_i += 1
+end
+      RUBY
+    end
+  end
+  private_constant :BenchmarkScript
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/utime.rb b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/utime.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b61d83a188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/benchmark_driver/runner/utime.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+require 'benchmark_driver/runner/total'
+
+class BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Utime < BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total
+  METRIC = BenchmarkDriver::Metric.new(name: 'utime', unit: 's', larger_better: false)
+
+  # JobParser returns this, `BenchmarkDriver::Runner.runner_for` searches "*::Job"
+  Job = Class.new(BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJob)
+  # Dynamically fetched and used by `BenchmarkDriver::JobParser.parse`
+  JobParser = BenchmarkDriver::DefaultJobParser.for(klass: Job, metrics: [METRIC])
+
+  private
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total#metric
+  def metric
+    METRIC
+  end
+
+  # Overriding BenchmarkDriver::Runner::Total#target
+  def target
+    :utime
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/lib/load.rb b/benchmark/lib/load.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..31b770c484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/lib/load.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# How to use this file:
+#   1. write a `$(srcdir)/test.rb` like:
+=begin
+require_relative 'benchmark/lib/load'
+
+Benchmark.driver(repeat_count: 5){|x|
+  x.executable name: 'clean-miniruby', command: %w'../clean-trunk/miniruby'
+  x.executable name: 'modif-miniruby', command: %w'./miniruby'
+
+  x.report %q{
+    h = {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4}
+  }
+}
+=end
+#
+#  2. `make run`
+$:.unshift(File.join(__dir__, '../benchmark-driver/lib'))
+require 'benchmark_driver'
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_loop_for.rb b/benchmark/loop_for.rb
index 0fc4cc1511..0fc4cc1511 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_loop_for.rb
+++ b/benchmark/loop_for.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_loop_generator.rb b/benchmark/loop_generator.rb
index d3375c744c..d3375c744c 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_loop_generator.rb
+++ b/benchmark/loop_generator.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_loop_times.rb b/benchmark/loop_times.rb
index 521f72ad1a..521f72ad1a 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_loop_times.rb
+++ b/benchmark/loop_times.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/loop_whileloop.rb b/benchmark/loop_whileloop.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0072822c06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/loop_whileloop.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+i = 0
+while i<30_000_000 # benchmark loop 1
+  i += 1
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/loop_whileloop2.rb b/benchmark/loop_whileloop2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47d02dffc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/loop_whileloop2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+i = 0
+while i< 6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
+  i += 1
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/make_fasta_output.rb b/benchmark/make_fasta_output.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b6d787ae27..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/make_fasta_output.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-# prepare 'fasta.output'
-
-def prepare_fasta_output n
-  filebase = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'fasta.output')
-  script = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'bm_so_fasta.rb')
-  file = "#{filebase}.#{n}"
-
-  unless FileTest.exist?(file)
-    STDERR.puts "preparing #{file}"
-
-    open(file, 'w'){|f|
-      ARGV[0] = n
-      $stdout = f
-      load script
-      $stdout = STDOUT
-    }
-  end
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/marshal_dump_flo.rb b/benchmark/marshal_dump_flo.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b8d0c6afb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/marshal_dump_flo.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+bug10761 = 10000.times.map { |x| x.to_f }
+100.times { Marshal.dump(bug10761) }
diff --git a/benchmark/marshal_dump_load_geniv.rb b/benchmark/marshal_dump_load_geniv.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8252ad90fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/marshal_dump_load_geniv.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+a = ''
+a.instance_eval do
+  @a = :a
+  @b = :b
+  @c = :c
+end
+100000.times do
+  a = Marshal.load(Marshal.dump(a))
+end
+#p(a.instance_eval { @a == :a && @b == :b && @c == :c })
diff --git a/benchmark/marshal_dump_load_time.rb b/benchmark/marshal_dump_load_time.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e29743b791
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/marshal_dump_load_time.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+100000.times { Marshal.load(Marshal.dump(Time.now)) }
diff --git a/benchmark/match_gt4.rb b/benchmark/match_gt4.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ffda109912
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/match_gt4.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1000000.times { /(.)(.)(\d+)(\d)/.match("THX1138.") }
diff --git a/benchmark/match_small.rb b/benchmark/match_small.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b743d484a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/match_small.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1000000.times { 'haystack'.match(/hay/) }
diff --git a/benchmark/mjit_exec_jt2jt.yml b/benchmark/mjit_exec_jt2jt.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c303c7a44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/mjit_exec_jt2jt.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit_exec
+num_methods: [1]
+#num_methods: (1..100).to_a + [200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000]
+loop_count: 50000000
+from_jit: true
+to_jit: true
diff --git a/benchmark/mjit_exec_vm2jt.yml b/benchmark/mjit_exec_vm2jt.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..764883f070
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/mjit_exec_vm2jt.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit_exec
+num_methods: [1]
+#num_methods: (1..100).to_a + [200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000]
+loop_count: 50000000
+from_jit: false
+to_jit: true
diff --git a/benchmark/mjit_exec_vm2vm.yml b/benchmark/mjit_exec_vm2vm.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..030aa76c1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/mjit_exec_vm2vm.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit_exec
+num_methods: [1]
+#num_methods: (1..100).to_a + [200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000]
+loop_count: 50000000
+from_jit: false
+to_jit: false
diff --git a/benchmark/mjit_exivar.yml b/benchmark/mjit_exivar.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2584fa6410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/mjit_exivar.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit
+prelude: |
+  class Bench < Hash
+    def initialize
+      @exivar = nil
+    end
+
+    def exivar
+      @exivar
+    end
+  end
+
+  bench = Bench.new
+
+benchmark:
+  mjit_exivar: bench.exivar
+
+loop_count: 200000000
diff --git a/benchmark/mjit_integer.yml b/benchmark/mjit_integer.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..edc3556479
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/mjit_integer.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit
+prelude: |
+  def mjit_abs(int)        int.abs        end
+  def mjit_bit_length(int) int.bit_length end
+  def mjit_comp(int)       ~int           end
+  def mjit_even?(int)      int.even?      end
+  def mjit_integer?(int)   int.integer?   end
+  def mjit_magnitude(int)  int.magnitude  end
+  def mjit_odd?(int)       int.odd?       end
+  def mjit_ord(int)        int.ord        end
+  def mjit_to_i(int)       int.to_i       end
+  def mjit_to_int(int)     int.to_int     end
+  def mjit_uminus(int)     -int           end
+  def mjit_zero?(int)      int.zero?      end
+
+benchmark:
+  - mjit_abs(-1)
+  - mjit_bit_length(100)
+  - mjit_comp(1)
+  - mjit_even?(2)
+  - mjit_integer?(0)
+  - mjit_magnitude(-1)
+  - mjit_odd?(1)
+  - mjit_ord(1)
+  - mjit_to_i(1)
+  - mjit_to_int(1)
+  - mjit_uminus(1)
+  - mjit_zero?(0)
+
+loop_count: 40000000
diff --git a/benchmark/mjit_kernel.yml b/benchmark/mjit_kernel.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7720e65c2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/mjit_kernel.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit
+prelude: |
+  def mjit_class(obj)
+    obj.class
+  end
+
+  def mjit_frozen?(obj)
+    obj.frozen?
+  end
+
+  str = ""
+  fstr = "".freeze
+
+benchmark:
+  - mjit_class(self)
+  - mjit_class(1)
+  - mjit_frozen?(str)
+  - mjit_frozen?(fstr)
+
+loop_count: 40000000
diff --git a/benchmark/mjit_leave.yml b/benchmark/mjit_leave.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ac68b164b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/mjit_leave.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit
+prelude: |
+  def leave
+    nil
+  end
+benchmark:
+  mjit_leave: leave
+loop_count: 200000000
diff --git a/benchmark/mjit_opt_cc_insns.yml b/benchmark/mjit_opt_cc_insns.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fed6d34bd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/mjit_opt_cc_insns.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# opt_* insns using vm_method_cfunc_is with send-compatible operands:
+#   * opt_nil_p
+#   * opt_not
+#   * opt_eq
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit
+prelude: |
+  def mjit_nil?(obj)
+    obj.nil?
+  end
+
+  def mjit_not(obj)
+    !obj
+  end
+
+  def mjit_eq(a, b)
+    a == b
+  end
+
+benchmark:
+  - script: mjit_nil?(1)
+    loop_count: 40000000
+  - script: mjit_not(1)
+    loop_count: 40000000
+  - script: mjit_eq(1, nil)
+    loop_count: 8000000
+  - script: mjit_eq(nil, 1)
+    loop_count: 8000000
diff --git a/benchmark/mjit_struct_aref.yml b/benchmark/mjit_struct_aref.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bfba1323f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/mjit_struct_aref.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+type: lib/benchmark_driver/runner/mjit
+prelude: |
+  def mjit_struct_aref(struct)
+    struct.aa
+  end
+  struct = Struct.new(:a0, :a1, :a2, :a3, :a4, :a5, :a6, :a7, :a8, :a9, :aa).new
+
+benchmark: mjit_struct_aref(struct)
+
+loop_count: 40000000
diff --git a/benchmark/nil_p.yml b/benchmark/nil_p.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79ba4f2177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/nil_p.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+prelude: |
+  class Niller; def nil?; true; end; end
+  xnil, notnil = nil, Object.new
+  niller = Niller.new
+benchmark:
+  - xnil.nil?
+  - notnil.nil?
+  - niller.nil?
+loop_count: 10000000
diff --git a/benchmark/num_zero_p.yml b/benchmark/num_zero_p.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2195963433
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/num_zero_p.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+benchmark:
+  - 0.zero?
+  - 1.zero?
+  - 0r.zero?
+  - 1r.zero?
+  - 0i.zero?
+  - 1i.zero?
+loop_count: 50000000
diff --git a/benchmark/object_allocate.yml b/benchmark/object_allocate.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93ff463e41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/object_allocate.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+prelude: |
+  class Eight
+    8.times { include(Module.new) }
+  end
+  class ThirtyTwo
+    32.times { include(Module.new) }
+  end
+  class SixtyFour
+    64.times { include(Module.new) }
+  end
+  class OneTwentyEight
+    128.times { include(Module.new) }
+  end
+  # Disable GC to see raw throughput:
+  GC.disable
+benchmark:
+  allocate_8_deep: Eight.new
+  allocate_32_deep: ThirtyTwo.new
+  allocate_64_deep: SixtyFour.new
+  allocate_128_deep: OneTwentyEight.new
+loop_count: 100000
diff --git a/benchmark/objspace_dump_all.yml b/benchmark/objspace_dump_all.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ebab562d2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/objspace_dump_all.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+prelude: |
+  require 'objspace'
+  require 'tempfile'
+  $objs = 1_000.times.map { Object.new }
+  $strings = 1_000.times.map { |i| "string #{i}" }
+  $file = Tempfile.new('heap')
+  $dev_null = File.open(File::NULL, 'w+')
+
+benchmark:
+  dump_all_string: "ObjectSpace.dump_all(output: :string)"
+  dump_all_file: "ObjectSpace.dump_all(output: $file)"
+  dump_all_dev_null: "ObjectSpace.dump_all(output: $dev_null)"
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/other-lang/fact.py b/benchmark/other-lang/fact.py
index 01593965d9..1ce9f76275 100644
--- a/benchmark/other-lang/fact.py
+++ b/benchmark/other-lang/fact.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 def factL(n):
 	r = 1
-	for x in range(2, n):
+	for x in range(2, n+1):
 		r *= x
 	return r
 
diff --git a/benchmark/other-lang/fact.rb b/benchmark/other-lang/fact.rb
index 7e97b22b39..6cedc752cd 100644
--- a/benchmark/other-lang/fact.rb
+++ b/benchmark/other-lang/fact.rb
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ def fact(n)
   end
 end
 
-i=0
+i = 0
 while i<10000
-  i+=1
+  i += 1
   fact(100)
 end
diff --git a/benchmark/other-lang/loop.rb b/benchmark/other-lang/loop.rb
index d43cef61f3..b367b9dbf3 100644
--- a/benchmark/other-lang/loop.rb
+++ b/benchmark/other-lang/loop.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-i=0
+i = 0
 while i<30000000
-  i+=1
+  i += 1
 end
diff --git a/benchmark/pm_array.yml b/benchmark/pm_array.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..babb65a289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/pm_array.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+prelude: |
+  def call(*val)
+    case val
+      in [String => body]
+        [200, {}, [body]]
+      in [Integer => status]
+        [status, {}, [""]]
+      in [Integer, String] => response
+        [response[0], {}, [response[1]]]
+      in [Integer, Hash, String] => response
+        [response[0], response[1], [response[2]]]
+    end
+  end
+
+benchmark:
+  first_match: call("ok")
+  second_match: call(401)
+  third_match: call(200, "ok")
+  fourth_match: call(201, {}, "created")
diff --git a/benchmark/prepare_so_count_words.rb b/benchmark/prepare_so_count_words.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index ee2138cdb2..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/prepare_so_count_words.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-# prepare 'wc.input'
-
-def prepare_wc_input
-  wcinput = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'wc.input')
-  wcbase  = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'wc.input.base')
-  unless FileTest.exist?(wcinput)
-    data = File.read(wcbase)
-    13.times{
-      data << data
-    }
-    open(wcinput, 'w'){|f| f.write data}
-  end
-end
-
-prepare_wc_input
diff --git a/benchmark/prepare_so_k_nucleotide.rb b/benchmark/prepare_so_k_nucleotide.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index f28f4460a1..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/prepare_so_k_nucleotide.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'make_fasta_output')
-prepare_fasta_output(100_000)
diff --git a/benchmark/prepare_so_reverse_complement.rb b/benchmark/prepare_so_reverse_complement.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 7f089109de..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/prepare_so_reverse_complement.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'make_fasta_output')
-prepare_fasta_output(2_500_000)
diff --git a/benchmark/range_last.yml b/benchmark/range_last.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6674f82ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/range_last.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  - (1..1_000_000).last(100)
+  - (1..1_000_000).last(1000)
+  - (1..1_000_000).last(10000)
diff --git a/benchmark/realpath.yml b/benchmark/realpath.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..90a029d5b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/realpath.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+prelude: |
+  f = File
+  pwd = Dir.pwd
+  Dir.mkdir('b') unless f.directory?('b')
+  f.write('b/a', '') unless f.file?('b/a')
+
+  relative = 'b/a'
+  absolute = File.join(pwd, relative)
+  dir = 'b'
+  file = 'a'
+
+  relative_dir = 'b/c'
+  absolute_dir = File.join(pwd, relative_dir)
+  file_dir = 'c'
+benchmark:
+  relative_nil: "f.realpath(relative, nil)"
+  absolute_nil: "f.realpath(absolute, nil)"
+  relative_relative: "f.realpath(file, dir)"
+  absolute_relative: "f.realpath(absolute, dir)"
+  relative_absolute: "f.realpath(relative, pwd)"
+  relative_nil_dir: "f.realdirpath(relative_dir, nil)"
+  absolute_nil_dir: "f.realdirpath(absolute_dir, nil)"
+  relative_relative_dir: "f.realdirpath(file_dir, dir)"
+  absolute_relative_dir: "f.realdirpath(absolute_dir, dir)"
+  relative_absolute_dir: "f.realdirpath(relative_dir, pwd)"
+  relative_nil_notexist: "f.realpath(relative_dir, nil) rescue nil"
+  absolute_nil_notexist: "f.realpath(absolute_dir, nil) rescue nil"
+  relative_relative_notexist: "f.realpath(file_dir, dir) rescue nil"
+  absolute_relative_notexist: "f.realpath(absolute_dir, dir) rescue nil"
+  relative_absolute_notexist: "f.realpath(relative_dir, pwd) rescue nil"
diff --git a/benchmark/report.rb b/benchmark/report.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index d2dc56b1e1..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/report.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-#
-# YARV benchmark driver
-#
-
-require 'yarvutil'
-require 'benchmark'
-require 'rbconfig'
-
-def exec_command type, file, w
-  <<-EOP
-  $DRIVER_PATH = '#{File.dirname($0)}'
-  $LOAD_PATH.replace $LOAD_PATH | #{$LOAD_PATH.inspect}
-  require 'benchmark'
-  require 'yarvutil'
-#  print '#{type}'
-  begin
-    puts Benchmark.measure{
-      #{w}('#{file}')
-    }.utime
-  rescue Exception => exec_command_error_variable
-    puts "\t" + exec_command_error_variable.message
-  end
-  EOP
-end
-
-def benchmark cmd
-  rubybin = ENV['RUBY'] || RbConfig.ruby
-
-  IO.popen(rubybin, 'r+'){|io|
-    io.write cmd
-    io.close_write
-    return io.gets
-  }
-end
-
-def ruby_exec file
-  prog = exec_command 'ruby', file, 'load'
-  benchmark prog
-end
-
-def yarv_exec file
-  prog = exec_command 'yarv', file, 'YARVUtil.load_bm'
-  benchmark prog
-end
-
-$wr = $wy = nil
-
-def measure bench
-  file = File.dirname($0) + "/bm_#{bench}.rb"
-  r = ruby_exec(file).to_f
-  y = yarv_exec(file).to_f
-  puts "#{bench}\t#{r}\t#{y}"
-end
-
-def measure2
-  r = ruby_exec.to_f
-  y = yarv_exec.to_f
-  puts r/y
-end
-
-if $0 == __FILE__
-  %w{
-    whileloop
-    whileloop2
-    times
-    const
-    method
-    poly_method
-    block
-    rescue
-    rescue2
-  }.each{|bench|
-    measure bench
-  }
-end
-
-
-
-
diff --git a/benchmark/require.yml b/benchmark/require.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09f218cf08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/require.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+prelude: |
+  require "fileutils"
+
+  def prepare
+    num_files = 10000
+
+    basename = File.dirname($0)
+    data_dir = File.join(basename, "bm_require.data")
+
+    # skip if all of files exists
+    if File.exist?(File.join(data_dir, "c#{num_files}.rb"))
+      return
+    end
+
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p(data_dir)
+
+    1.upto(num_files) do |i|
+      File.write("#{data_dir}/c#{i}.rb", "class C#{i}\n""end\n")
+    end
+  end
+
+  prepare
+benchmark:
+  require: |
+    $:.push File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), "bm_require.data")
+
+    1.upto(10000) do |i|
+      require "c#{i}"
+    end
+
+    $:.pop
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/require_thread.yml b/benchmark/require_thread.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c63257106
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/require_thread.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+prelude: |
+  require "fileutils"
+
+  def prepare
+    num_files = 10000
+
+    basename = File.dirname($0)
+    data_dir = File.join(basename, "bm_require.data")
+
+    # skip if all of files exists
+    if File.exist?(File.join(data_dir, "c#{num_files}.rb"))
+      return
+    end
+
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p(data_dir)
+
+    1.upto(num_files) do |i|
+      File.write("#{data_dir}/c#{i}.rb", "class C#{i}\n""end\n")
+    end
+  end
+
+  prepare
+benchmark:
+  require_thread: |
+    $:.push File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), "bm_require.data")
+
+    i=0
+    t = Thread.new do
+      while true
+        i = i+1 # dummy loop
+      end
+    end
+
+    1.upto(100) do |i|
+      require "c#{i}"
+    end
+
+    $:.pop
+    t.kill
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/run.rb b/benchmark/run.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 0cd2363849..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/run.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Ruby benchmark driver
-#
-
-require 'benchmark'
-require 'rbconfig'
-
-$matzrubyonly = false
-$rubyonly = false
-
-$results  = []
-
-# prepare 'wc.input'
-def prepare_wc_input
-  wcinput = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'wc.input')
-  wcbase  = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'wc.input.base')
-  unless FileTest.exist?(wcinput)
-    data = File.read(wcbase)
-    13.times{
-      data << data
-    }
-    open(wcinput, 'w'){|f| f.write data}
-  end
-end
-
-prepare_wc_input
-
-def bm file
-  prog = File.readlines(file).map{|e| e.rstrip}.join("\n")
-  return if prog.empty?
-
-  /[a-z]+_(.+)\.rb/ =~ file
-  bm_name = $1
-  puts '-----------------------------------------------------------' unless $rubyonly || $matzrubyonly
-  puts "#{bm_name}: "
-
-
-puts <<EOS unless $matzrubyonly || $rubyonly
-#{prog}
---
-EOS
-  begin
-    result = [bm_name]
-    result << matzruby_exec(file) unless $rubyonly
-    result << ruby_exec(file) unless $matzrubyonly
-    $results << result
-
-  rescue Exception => e
-    puts
-    puts "** benchmark failure: #{e}"
-    puts e.backtrace
-  end
-end
-
-def benchmark file, bin
-  m = Benchmark.measure{
-    `#{bin} #{$opts} #{file}`
-  }
-  sec = '%.3f' % m.real
-  puts " #{sec}"
-  sec
-end
-
-def ruby_exec file
-  print 'ruby'
-  benchmark file, $ruby_program
-end
-
-def matzruby_exec file
-  print 'matz'
-  rubylib = ENV['RUBYLIB']
-  ENV['RUBYLIB'] = ''
-  r = benchmark file, $matzruby_program
-  ENV['RUBYLIB'] = rubylib
-  r
-end
-
-if $0 == __FILE__
-  ARGV.each{|arg|
-    case arg
-    when /\A--ruby=(.+)/
-      $ruby_program = $1
-    when /\A--matzruby=(.+)/
-      $matzruby_program = $1
-    when /\A--opts=(.+)/
-      $opts = $1
-    when /\A(-r|--only-ruby)\z/
-      $rubyonly = true
-    when /\A(-m|--only-matzruby)\z/
-      $matzrubyonly = true
-    end
-  }
-  ARGV.delete_if{|arg|
-    /\A-/ =~ arg
-  }
-
-  puts "MatzRuby:"
-  system("#{$matzruby_program} -v")
-  puts "Ruby:"
-  system("#{$ruby_program} -v")
-  puts
-
-  if ARGV.empty?
-    Dir.glob(File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/bm_*.rb').sort.each{|file|
-      bm file
-    }
-  else
-    ARGV.each{|file|
-      Dir.glob(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), file + '*')){|ef|
-        # file = "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/#{file}.rb"
-        bm ef
-      }
-    }
-  end
-
-  puts
-  puts "-- benchmark summary ---------------------------"
-  $results.each{|res|
-    print res.shift, "\t"
-    (res||[]).each{|result|
-      /([\d\.]+)/ =~ result
-      print $1 + "\t" if $1
-    }
-    puts
-  }
-end
-
diff --git a/benchmark/runc.rb b/benchmark/runc.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 97c5cef045..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/runc.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-#
-#
-#
-
-require 'benchmark'
-require 'rbconfig'
-
-$rubybin = ENV['RUBY'] || RbConfig.ruby
-
-def runfile file
-  puts file
-  file = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'contrib', file)
-  Benchmark.bm{|x|
-    x.report('ruby'){
-      system("#{$rubybin} #{file}")
-    }
-    x.report('yarv'){
-      system("#{$rubybin} -rite -I.. #{file}")
-    }
-  }
-end
-
-ARGV.each{|file|
-  runfile file
-}
-
-
diff --git a/benchmark/securerandom.rb b/benchmark/securerandom.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a082ea6d5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/securerandom.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+require "securerandom"
+
+20_0000.times do
+  SecureRandom.random_number(100)
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/so_ackermann.rb b/benchmark/so_ackermann.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4effa1ecaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_ackermann.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# -*- Ruby -*-
+# $Id: ackermann-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:40:41 bfulgham Exp $
+# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
+
+def ack(m, n)
+    if m == 0 then
+        n + 1
+    elsif n == 0 then
+        ack(m - 1, 1)
+    else
+        ack(m - 1, ack(m, n - 1))
+    end
+end
+
+NUM = 9
+ack(3, NUM)
+
+
diff --git a/benchmark/so_array.rb b/benchmark/so_array.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..767e03db5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_array.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# -*- Ruby -*-
+# $Id: ary-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:41:27 bfulgham Exp $
+# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
+# with help from Paul Brannan and Mark Hubbart
+
+n = 9000 # Integer(ARGV.shift || 1)
+
+x = Array.new(n)
+y = Array.new(n, 0)
+
+n.times{|bi|
+  x[bi] = bi + 1
+}
+
+(0 .. 999).each do |e|
+  (n-1).step(0,-1) do |bi|
+    y[bi] += x.at(bi)
+  end
+end
+# puts "#{y.first} #{y.last}"
+
+
diff --git a/benchmark/so_binary_trees.rb b/benchmark/so_binary_trees.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b1693e4109
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_binary_trees.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# The Computer Language Shootout Benchmarks
+# http://shootout.alioth.debian.org
+#
+# contributed by Jesse Millikan
+
+# disable output
+alias puts_orig puts
+def puts str
+  # disable puts
+end
+
+def item_check(tree)
+ if tree[0] == nil
+  tree[1]
+ else
+  tree[1] + item_check(tree[0]) - item_check(tree[2])
+ end
+end
+
+def bottom_up_tree(item, depth)
+ if depth > 0
+  item_item = 2 * item
+  depth -= 1
+  [bottom_up_tree(item_item - 1, depth), item, bottom_up_tree(item_item, depth)]
+ else
+  [nil, item, nil]
+ end
+end
+
+max_depth = 16 # ARGV[0].to_i
+min_depth = 4
+
+max_depth = min_depth + 2 if min_depth + 2 > max_depth
+
+stretch_depth = max_depth + 1
+stretch_tree = bottom_up_tree(0, stretch_depth)
+
+puts "stretch tree of depth #{stretch_depth}\t check: #{item_check(stretch_tree)}"
+stretch_tree = nil
+
+long_lived_tree = bottom_up_tree(0, max_depth)
+
+min_depth.step(max_depth + 1, 2) do |depth|
+ iterations = 2**(max_depth - depth + min_depth)
+
+ check = 0
+
+ for i in 1..iterations
+  temp_tree = bottom_up_tree(i, depth)
+  check += item_check(temp_tree)
+
+  temp_tree = bottom_up_tree(-i, depth)
+  check += item_check(temp_tree)
+ end
+
+ puts "#{iterations * 2}\t trees of depth #{depth}\t check: #{check}"
+end
+
+puts "long lived tree of depth #{max_depth}\t check: #{item_check(long_lived_tree)}"
+
+undef puts
+alias puts puts_orig
diff --git a/benchmark/so_concatenate.rb b/benchmark/so_concatenate.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4468e20ac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_concatenate.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# -*- Ruby -*-
+# $Id: strcat-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:43:28 bfulgham Exp $
+# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
+# based on code from Aristarkh A Zagorodnikov and Dat Nguyen
+
+STUFF = "hello\n"
+i = 0
+while i<10
+  i += 1
+  hello = ''
+  4_000_000.times do |e|
+    hello << STUFF
+  end
+end
+# puts hello.length
+
+
diff --git a/benchmark/so_count_words.yml b/benchmark/so_count_words.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..99683505f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_count_words.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+prelude: |
+  #!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+  wc_input_base = <<EOS
+  Subject:      Re: Who was Izchak Miller?
+  From:         "Jane D. Anonymous" <nobody@yale.edu>
+  Date:         1996/04/28
+  Message-Id:   <4lv7bc$oh@news.ycc.yale.edu>
+  References:   <317C405E.5DFA@panix.com> <4lk6vl$gde@ns.oar.net>
+  To:           75176.2330@compuserve.com
+  Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
+  Organization: Yale University
+  X-Url:        news:4lk6vl$gde@ns.oar.net
+  Mime-Version: 1.0
+  Newsgroups:   rec.games.roguelike.nethack
+  X-Mailer:     Mozilla 1.1N (Macintosh; I; 68K)
+
+  Hello there, Izchak Miller was my father.  When I was younger I spent 
+  many a night, hunched over the keyboard with a cup of tea, playing 
+  nethack with him and my brother.  my dad was a philosopher with a strong 
+  weakness for fantasy/sci fi.  I remember when he started to get involved 
+  with the Nethack team- my brother's Dungeons and Dragons monster book 
+  found a regular place beside my dad's desk. it's nice to see him living 
+  on in the game he loved so much :-).  
+                                                                    Tamar Miller
+
+  The following is a really long word of 5000 characters:
+
+  wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww
+  EOS
+
+  # prepare 'wc.input'
+
+  def prepare_wc_input(wcbase)
+    wcinput = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'wc.input')
+    unless FileTest.exist?(wcinput)
+      data = wcbase.dup
+      13.times{
+        data << data
+      }
+      open(wcinput, 'w'){|f| f.write data}
+    end
+  end
+
+  prepare_wc_input(wc_input_base)
+
+benchmark:
+  so_count_words: |
+    # $Id: wc-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:43:32 bfulgham Exp $
+    # http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
+    # with help from Paul Brannan
+    input = open(File.join(File.dirname($0), 'wc.input'), 'rb')
+
+    nl = nw = nc = 0
+    while true
+      tmp = input.read(4096) or break
+      data = tmp << (input.gets || "")
+      nc += data.length
+      nl += data.count("\n")
+      ((data.strip! || data).tr!("\n", " ") || data).squeeze!
+      nw += data.count(" ") + 1
+    end
+    # STDERR.puts "#{nl} #{nw} #{nc}"
+
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/so_exception.rb b/benchmark/so_exception.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb205b4df1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_exception.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# -*- Ruby -*-
+# $Id: except-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:41:33 bfulgham Exp $
+# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
+
+$HI = 0
+$LO = 0
+NUM = 250000 # Integer(ARGV[0] || 1)
+
+
+class Lo_Exception < Exception
+  def initialize(num)
+    @value = num
+  end
+end
+
+class Hi_Exception < Exception
+  def initialize(num)
+    @value = num
+  end
+end
+
+def some_function(num)
+  begin
+    hi_function(num)
+  rescue
+    print "We shouldn't get here, exception is: #{$!.type}\n"
+  end
+end
+
+def hi_function(num)
+  begin
+    lo_function(num)
+  rescue Hi_Exception
+    $HI = $HI + 1
+  end
+end
+
+def lo_function(num)
+  begin
+    blowup(num)
+  rescue Lo_Exception
+    $LO = $LO + 1
+  end
+end
+
+def blowup(num)
+  if num % 2 == 0
+    raise Lo_Exception.new(num)
+  else
+    raise Hi_Exception.new(num)
+  end
+end
+
+
+i = 1
+max = NUM+1
+while i < max
+  i += 1
+  some_function(i+1)
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_fannkuch.rb b/benchmark/so_fannkuch.rb
index bac5ecd44c..bac5ecd44c 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_fannkuch.rb
+++ b/benchmark/so_fannkuch.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/so_fasta.rb b/benchmark/so_fasta.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dcc6b39507
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_fasta.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# The Computer Language Shootout
+# http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
+# Contributed by Sokolov Yura
+
+$last = 42.0
+def gen_random(max, im=139968, ia=3877, ic=29573)
+    (max * ($last = ($last * ia + ic) % im)) / im
+end
+
+alu =
+   "GGCCGGGCGCGGTGGCTCACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGG"+
+   "GAGGCCGAGGCGGGCGGATCACCTGAGGTCAGGAGTTCGAGA"+
+   "CCAGCCTGGCCAACATGGTGAAACCCCGTCTCTACTAAAAAT"+
+   "ACAAAAATTAGCCGGGCGTGGTGGCGCGCGCCTGTAATCCCA"+
+   "GCTACTCGGGAGGCTGAGGCAGGAGAATCGCTTGAACCCGGG"+
+   "AGGCGGAGGTTGCAGTGAGCCGAGATCGCGCCACTGCACTCC"+
+   "AGCCTGGGCGACAGAGCGAGACTCCGTCTCAAAAA"
+
+iub = [
+    ["a", 0.27],
+    ["c", 0.12],
+    ["g", 0.12],
+    ["t", 0.27],
+
+    ["B", 0.02],
+    ["D", 0.02],
+    ["H", 0.02],
+    ["K", 0.02],
+    ["M", 0.02],
+    ["N", 0.02],
+    ["R", 0.02],
+    ["S", 0.02],
+    ["V", 0.02],
+    ["W", 0.02],
+    ["Y", 0.02],
+]
+homosapiens = [
+    ["a", 0.3029549426680],
+    ["c", 0.1979883004921],
+    ["g", 0.1975473066391],
+    ["t", 0.3015094502008],
+]
+
+def make_repeat_fasta(id, desc, src, n)
+    puts ">#{id} #{desc}"
+    v = nil
+    width = 60
+    l = src.length
+    s = src * ((n / l) + 1)
+    s.slice!(n, l)
+    puts(s.scan(/.{1,#{width}}/).join("\n"))
+end
+
+def make_random_fasta(id, desc, table, n)
+    puts ">#{id} #{desc}"
+    rand, v = nil,nil
+    width = 60
+    chunk = 1 * width
+    prob = 0.0
+    table.each{|v| v[1]= (prob += v[1])}
+    for i in 1..(n/width)
+        puts((1..width).collect{
+            rand = gen_random(1.0)
+            table.find{|v| v[1]>rand}[0]
+        }.join)
+    end
+    if n%width != 0
+        puts((1..(n%width)).collect{
+            rand = gen_random(1.0)
+            table.find{|v| v[1]>rand}[0]
+        }.join)
+    end
+end
+
+
+n = (ARGV[0] or 250_000).to_i
+
+make_repeat_fasta('ONE', 'Homo sapiens alu', alu, n*2)
+make_random_fasta('TWO', 'IUB ambiguity codes', iub, n*3)
+make_random_fasta('THREE', 'Homo sapiens frequency', homosapiens, n*5)
+
diff --git a/benchmark/so_k_nucleotide.yml b/benchmark/so_k_nucleotide.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7df086c39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_k_nucleotide.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+prelude: |
+  bm_so_fasta = <<'EOS'
+  # The Computer Language Shootout
+  # http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
+  # Contributed by Sokolov Yura
+
+  $last = 42.0
+  def gen_random(max, im=139968, ia=3877, ic=29573)
+      (max * ($last = ($last * ia + ic) % im)) / im
+  end
+
+  alu =
+     "GGCCGGGCGCGGTGGCTCACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGG"+
+     "GAGGCCGAGGCGGGCGGATCACCTGAGGTCAGGAGTTCGAGA"+
+     "CCAGCCTGGCCAACATGGTGAAACCCCGTCTCTACTAAAAAT"+
+     "ACAAAAATTAGCCGGGCGTGGTGGCGCGCGCCTGTAATCCCA"+
+     "GCTACTCGGGAGGCTGAGGCAGGAGAATCGCTTGAACCCGGG"+
+     "AGGCGGAGGTTGCAGTGAGCCGAGATCGCGCCACTGCACTCC"+
+     "AGCCTGGGCGACAGAGCGAGACTCCGTCTCAAAAA"
+
+  iub = [
+      ["a", 0.27],
+      ["c", 0.12],
+      ["g", 0.12],
+      ["t", 0.27],
+
+      ["B", 0.02],
+      ["D", 0.02],
+      ["H", 0.02],
+      ["K", 0.02],
+      ["M", 0.02],
+      ["N", 0.02],
+      ["R", 0.02],
+      ["S", 0.02],
+      ["V", 0.02],
+      ["W", 0.02],
+      ["Y", 0.02],
+  ]
+  homosapiens = [
+      ["a", 0.3029549426680],
+      ["c", 0.1979883004921],
+      ["g", 0.1975473066391],
+      ["t", 0.3015094502008],
+  ]
+
+  def make_repeat_fasta(id, desc, src, n)
+      puts ">#{id} #{desc}"
+      v = nil
+      width = 60
+      l = src.length
+      s = src * ((n / l) + 1)
+      s.slice!(n, l)
+      puts(s.scan(/.{1,#{width}}/).join("\n"))
+  end
+
+  def make_random_fasta(id, desc, table, n)
+      puts ">#{id} #{desc}"
+      rand, v = nil,nil
+      width = 60
+      chunk = 1 * width
+      prob = 0.0
+      table.each{|v| v[1]= (prob += v[1])}
+      for i in 1..(n/width)
+          puts((1..width).collect{
+              rand = gen_random(1.0)
+              table.find{|v| v[1]>rand}[0]
+          }.join)
+      end
+      if n%width != 0
+          puts((1..(n%width)).collect{
+              rand = gen_random(1.0)
+              table.find{|v| v[1]>rand}[0]
+          }.join)
+      end
+  end
+
+
+  n = (ARGV[0] or 250_000).to_i
+
+  make_repeat_fasta('ONE', 'Homo sapiens alu', alu, n*2)
+  make_random_fasta('TWO', 'IUB ambiguity codes', iub, n*3)
+  make_random_fasta('THREE', 'Homo sapiens frequency', homosapiens, n*5)
+  EOS
+benchmark:
+  - name: so_k_nucleotide
+    prelude: |
+      script = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'bm_so_fasta.rb')
+      File.write(script, bm_so_fasta)
+
+      def prepare_fasta_output n
+        filebase = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'fasta.output')
+        script = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'bm_so_fasta.rb')
+        file = "#{filebase}.#{n}"
+
+        unless FileTest.exist?(file)
+          STDERR.puts "preparing #{file}"
+
+          open(file, 'w'){|f|
+            ARGV[0] = n
+            $stdout = f
+            load script
+            $stdout = STDOUT
+          }
+        end
+      end
+      prepare_fasta_output(100_000)
+    script: |
+      # The Computer Language Shootout
+      # http://shootout.alioth.debian.org
+      #
+      # contributed by jose fco. gonzalez
+      # modified by Sokolov Yura
+
+      seq = String.new
+
+      def frecuency( seq,length )
+          n, table = seq.length - length + 1, Hash.new(0)
+          f, i = nil, nil
+          (0 ... length).each do |f|
+              (f ... n).step(length) do |i|
+                  table[seq[i,length]] += 1
+              end
+          end
+          [n,table]
+
+      end
+
+      def sort_by_freq( seq,length )
+          n,table = frecuency( seq,length )
+          a, b, v = nil, nil, nil
+          table.sort{|a,b| b[1] <=> a[1]}.each do |v|
+              puts "%s %.3f" % [v[0].upcase,((v[1]*100).to_f/n)]
+          end
+          puts
+      end
+
+      def find_seq( seq,s )
+          n,table = frecuency( seq,s.length )
+          puts "#{table[s].to_s}\t#{s.upcase}"
+      end
+
+      input = open(File.join(File.dirname($0), 'fasta.output.100000'), 'rb')
+
+      line = input.gets while line !~ /^>THREE/
+      line = input.gets
+
+      while (line !~ /^>/) & line do
+          seq << line.chomp
+          line = input.gets
+      end
+
+      [1,2].each {|i| sort_by_freq( seq,i ) }
+
+      %w(ggt ggta ggtatt ggtattttaatt ggtattttaatttatagt).each{|s| find_seq( seq,s) }
+    loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/so_lists.rb b/benchmark/so_lists.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8f4a2a5f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_lists.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#from http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/bench/lists/lists.ruby
+
+NUM = 300
+SIZE = 10000
+
+def test_lists()
+  # create a list of integers (Li1) from 1 to SIZE
+  li1 = (1..SIZE).to_a
+  # copy the list to li2 (not by individual items)
+  li2 = li1.dup
+  # remove each individual item from left side of li2 and
+  # append to right side of li3 (preserving order)
+  li3 = Array.new
+  while (not li2.empty?)
+    li3.push(li2.shift)
+  end
+  # li2 must now be empty
+  # remove each individual item from right side of li3 and
+  # append to right side of li2 (reversing list)
+  while (not li3.empty?)
+    li2.push(li3.pop)
+  end
+  # li3 must now be empty
+  # reverse li1 in place
+  li1.reverse!
+  # check that first item is now SIZE
+  if li1[0] != SIZE then
+    p "not SIZE"
+    0
+  else
+    # compare li1 and li2 for equality
+    if li1 != li2 then
+      return(0)
+    else
+      # return the length of the list
+      li1.length
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+i = 0
+while i<NUM
+  i += 1
+  result = test_lists()
+end
+
+result
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_mandelbrot.rb b/benchmark/so_mandelbrot.rb
index 76331c64b8..76331c64b8 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_mandelbrot.rb
+++ b/benchmark/so_mandelbrot.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/so_matrix.rb b/benchmark/so_matrix.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d1e72bda9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_matrix.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# -*- Ruby -*-
+# $Id: matrix-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:42:14 bfulgham Exp $
+# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
+
+n = 60 #Integer(ARGV.shift || 1)
+
+size = 40
+
+def mkmatrix(rows, cols)
+    count = 1
+    mx = Array.new(rows)
+    (0 .. (rows - 1)).each do |bi|
+        row = Array.new(cols, 0)
+        (0 .. (cols - 1)).each do |j|
+            row[j] = count
+            count += 1
+        end
+        mx[bi] = row
+    end
+    mx
+end
+
+def mmult(rows, cols, m1, m2)
+    m3 = Array.new(rows)
+    (0 .. (rows - 1)).each do |bi|
+        row = Array.new(cols, 0)
+        (0 .. (cols - 1)).each do |j|
+            val = 0
+            (0 .. (cols - 1)).each do |k|
+                val += m1.at(bi).at(k) * m2.at(k).at(j)
+            end
+            row[j] = val
+        end
+        m3[bi] = row
+    end
+    m3
+end
+
+m1 = mkmatrix(size, size)
+m2 = mkmatrix(size, size)
+mm = Array.new
+n.times do
+    mm = mmult(size, size, m1, m2)
+end
+# puts "#{mm[0][0]} #{mm[2][3]} #{mm[3][2]} #{mm[4][4]}"
+
+
diff --git a/benchmark/so_meteor_contest.rb b/benchmark/so_meteor_contest.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c136baa6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_meteor_contest.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# The Computer Language Shootout
+#   http://shootout.alioth.debian.org
+#   contributed by Kevin Barnes (Ruby novice)
+
+# PROGRAM:  the main body is at the bottom.
+#   1) read about the problem here: http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-javaopt/
+#   2) see how I represent a board as a bitmask by reading the blank_board comments
+#   3) read as your mental paths take you
+
+def print *args
+end
+
+# class to represent all information about a particular rotation of a particular piece
+class Rotation
+  # an array (by location) containing a bit mask for how the piece maps at the given location.
+  # if the rotation is invalid at that location the mask will contain false
+  attr_reader :start_masks
+
+  # maps a direction to a relative location.  these differ depending on whether it is an even or
+  # odd row being mapped from
+  @@rotation_even_adder = { :west => -1, :east => 1, :nw => -7, :ne => -6, :sw => 5, :se => 6 }
+  @@rotation_odd_adder = { :west => -1, :east => 1, :nw => -6, :ne => -5, :sw => 6, :se => 7 }
+
+  def initialize( directions )
+    @even_offsets, @odd_offsets = normalize_offsets( get_values( directions ))
+
+    @even_mask = mask_for_offsets( @even_offsets)
+    @odd_mask = mask_for_offsets( @odd_offsets)
+
+    @start_masks = Array.new(60)
+
+    # create the rotational masks by placing the base mask at the location and seeing if
+    # 1) it overlaps the boundaries and 2) it produces a prunable board.  if either of these
+    # is true the piece cannot be placed
+    0.upto(59) do | offset |
+      mask = is_even(offset) ? (@even_mask << offset) : (@odd_mask << offset)
+      if (blank_board & mask == 0 && !prunable(blank_board | mask, 0, true)) then
+        imask = compute_required( mask, offset)
+        @start_masks[offset] = [ mask, imask, imask | mask ]
+      else
+        @start_masks[offset] = false
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def compute_required( mask, offset )
+    board = blank_board
+    0.upto(offset) { | i | board |= 1 << i }
+    board |= mask
+    return 0 if (!prunable(board | mask, offset))
+    board = flood_fill(board,58)
+    count = 0
+    imask = 0
+    0.upto(59) do | i |
+      if (board[i] == 0) then
+        imask |= (1 << i)
+        count += 1
+      end
+    end
+    (count > 0 && count < 5) ? imask : 0
+  end
+
+  def flood_fill( board, location)
+    return board if (board[location] == 1)
+    board |= 1 << location
+    row, col = location.divmod(6)
+    board = flood_fill( board, location - 1) if (col > 0)
+    board = flood_fill( board, location + 1) if (col < 4)
+    if (row % 2 == 0) then
+      board = flood_fill( board, location - 7) if (col > 0 && row > 0)
+      board = flood_fill( board, location - 6) if (row > 0)
+      board = flood_fill( board, location + 6) if (row < 9)
+      board = flood_fill( board, location + 5) if (col > 0 && row < 9)
+    else
+      board = flood_fill( board, location - 5) if (col < 4 && row > 0)
+      board = flood_fill( board, location - 6) if (row > 0)
+      board = flood_fill( board, location + 6) if (row < 9)
+      board = flood_fill( board, location + 7) if (col < 4 && row < 9)
+    end
+    board
+  end
+
+  # given a location, produces a list of relative locations covered by the piece at this rotation
+  def offsets( location)
+    if is_even( location) then
+      @even_offsets.collect { | value | value + location }
+    else
+      @odd_offsets.collect { | value | value + location }
+    end
+  end
+
+  # returns a set of offsets relative to the top-left most piece of the rotation (by even or odd rows)
+  # this is hard to explain. imagine we have this partial board:
+  #   0 0 0 0 0 x        [positions 0-5]
+  #    0 0 1 1 0 x       [positions 6-11]
+  #   0 0 1 0 0 x        [positions 12-17]
+  #    0 1 0 0 0 x       [positions 18-23]
+  #   0 1 0 0 0 x        [positions 24-29]
+  #    0 0 0 0 0 x       [positions 30-35]
+  #       ...
+  # The top-left of the piece is at position 8, the
+  # board would be passed as a set of positions (values array) containing [8,9,14,19,25] not necessarily in that
+  # sorted order.  Since that array starts on an odd row, the offsets for an odd row are: [0,1,6,11,17] obtained
+  # by subtracting 8 from everything.  Now imagine the piece shifted up and to the right so it's on an even row:
+  #   0 0 0 1 1 x        [positions 0-5]
+  #    0 0 1 0 0 x       [positions 6-11]
+  #   0 0 1 0 0 x        [positions 12-17]
+  #    0 1 0 0 0 x       [positions 18-23]
+  #   0 0 0 0 0 x        [positions 24-29]
+  #    0 0 0 0 0 x       [positions 30-35]
+  #       ...
+  # Now the positions are [3,4,8,14,19] which after subtracting the lowest value (3) gives [0,1,5,11,16] thus, the
+  # offsets for this particular piece are (in even, odd order) [0,1,5,11,16],[0,1,6,11,17] which is what
+  # this function would return
+  def normalize_offsets( values)
+    min = values.min
+    even_min = is_even(min)
+    other_min = even_min ? min + 6 : min + 7
+    other_values = values.collect do | value |
+      if is_even(value) then
+        value + 6 - other_min
+      else
+        value + 7 - other_min
+      end
+    end
+    values.collect! { | value | value - min }
+
+    if even_min then
+      [values, other_values]
+    else
+      [other_values, values]
+    end
+  end
+
+  # produce a bitmask representation of an array of offset locations
+  def mask_for_offsets( offsets )
+    mask = 0
+    offsets.each { | value | mask = mask + ( 1 << value ) }
+    mask
+  end
+
+  # finds a "safe" position that a position as described by a list of directions can be placed
+  # without falling off any edge of the board.  the values returned a location to place the first piece
+  # at so it will fit after making the described moves
+  def start_adjust( directions )
+    south = east = 0;
+    directions.each do | direction |
+      east += 1 if ( direction == :sw || direction == :nw || direction == :west )
+      south += 1 if ( direction == :nw || direction == :ne )
+    end
+    south * 6 + east
+  end
+
+  # given a set of directions places the piece (as defined by a set of directions) on the board at
+  # a location that will not take it off the edge
+  def get_values( directions )
+    start = start_adjust(directions)
+    values = [ start ]
+    directions.each do | direction |
+      if (start % 12 >= 6) then
+        start += @@rotation_odd_adder[direction]
+      else
+        start += @@rotation_even_adder[direction]
+      end
+      values += [ start ]
+    end
+
+    # some moves take you back to an existing location, we'll strip duplicates
+    values.uniq
+  end
+end
+
+# describes a piece and caches information about its rotations to as to be efficient for iteration
+# ATTRIBUTES:
+#   rotations -- all the rotations of the piece
+#   type -- a numeic "name" of the piece
+#   masks -- an array by location of all legal rotational masks (a n inner array) for that location
+#   placed -- the mask that this piece was last placed at (not a location, but the actual mask used)
+class Piece
+  attr_reader :rotations, :type, :masks
+  attr_accessor :placed
+
+  # transform hashes that change one direction into another when you either flip or rotate a set of directions
+  @@flip_converter = { :west => :west, :east => :east, :nw => :sw, :ne => :se, :sw => :nw, :se => :ne }
+  @@rotate_converter = { :west => :nw, :east => :se, :nw => :ne, :ne => :east, :sw => :west, :se => :sw }
+
+  def initialize( directions, type )
+    @type = type
+    @rotations = Array.new();
+    @map = {}
+
+    generate_rotations( directions )
+    directions.collect! { | value | @@flip_converter[value] }
+    generate_rotations( directions )
+
+    # creates the masks AND a map that returns [location, rotation] for any given mask
+    # this is used when a board is found and we want to draw it, otherwise the map is unused
+    @masks = Array.new();
+    0.upto(59) do | i |
+      even = true
+      @masks[i] = @rotations.collect do | rotation |
+        mask = rotation.start_masks[i]
+        @map[mask[0]] = [ i, rotation ] if (mask)
+        mask || nil
+      end
+      @masks[i].compact!
+    end
+  end
+
+  # rotates a set of directions through all six angles and adds a Rotation to the list for each one
+  def generate_rotations( directions )
+    6.times do
+      rotations.push( Rotation.new(directions))
+      directions.collect! { | value | @@rotate_converter[value] }
+    end
+  end
+
+  # given a board string, adds this piece to the board at whatever location/rotation
+  # important: the outbound board string is 5 wide, the normal location notation is six wide (padded)
+  def fill_string( board_string)
+    location, rotation = @map[@placed]
+    rotation.offsets(location).each do | offset |
+      row, col = offset.divmod(6)
+      board_string[ row*5 + col, 1 ] = @type.to_s
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# a blank bit board having this form:
+#
+#    0 0 0 0 0 1
+#     0 0 0 0 0 1
+#    0 0 0 0 0 1
+#     0 0 0 0 0 1
+#    0 0 0 0 0 1
+#     0 0 0 0 0 1
+#    0 0 0 0 0 1
+#     0 0 0 0 0 1
+#    0 0 0 0 0 1
+#     0 0 0 0 0 1
+#    1 1 1 1 1 1
+#
+# where left lest significant bit is the top left and the most significant is the lower right
+# the actual board only consists of the 0 places, the 1 places are blockers to keep things from running
+# off the edges or bottom
+def blank_board
+  0b111111100000100000100000100000100000100000100000100000100000100000
+end
+
+def full_board
+  0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
+end
+
+# determines if a location (bit position) is in an even row
+def is_even( location)
+  (location % 12) < 6
+end
+
+# support function that create three utility maps:
+#  $converter -- for each row an array that maps a five bit row (via array mapping)
+#                to the a five bit representation of the bits below it
+#  $bit_count -- maps a five bit row (via array mapping) to the number of 1s in the row
+#  @@new_regions -- maps a five bit row (via array mapping) to an array of "region" arrays
+#                   a region array has three values the first is a mask of bits in the region,
+#                   the second is the count of those bits and the third is identical to the first
+#                   examples:
+#                           0b10010 => [ 0b01100, 2, 0b01100 ], [ 0b00001, 1, 0b00001]
+#                           0b01010 => [ 0b10000, 1, 0b10000 ], [ 0b00100, 1, 0b00100 ], [ 0b00001, 1, 0b00001]
+#                           0b10001 => [ 0b01110, 3, 0b01110 ]
+def create_collector_support
+  odd_map = [0b11, 0b110, 0b1100, 0b11000, 0b10000]
+  even_map = [0b1, 0b11, 0b110, 0b1100, 0b11000]
+
+  all_odds = Array.new(0b100000)
+  all_evens = Array.new(0b100000)
+  bit_counts = Array.new(0b100000)
+  new_regions = Array.new(0b100000)
+  0.upto(0b11111) do | i |
+    bit_count = odd = even = 0
+    0.upto(4) do | bit |
+      if (i[bit] == 1) then
+        bit_count += 1
+        odd |= odd_map[bit]
+        even |= even_map[bit]
+      end
+    end
+    all_odds[i] = odd
+    all_evens[i] = even
+    bit_counts[i] = bit_count
+    new_regions[i] = create_regions( i)
+  end
+
+  $converter = []
+  10.times { | row | $converter.push((row % 2 == 0) ? all_evens : all_odds) }
+  $bit_counts = bit_counts
+  $regions = new_regions.collect { | set | set.collect { | value | [ value, bit_counts[value], value] } }
+end
+
+# determines if a board is punable, meaning that there is no possibility that it
+# can be filled up with pieces.  A board is prunable if there is a grouping of unfilled spaces
+# that are not a multiple of five.  The following board is an example of a prunable board:
+#    0 0 1 0 0
+#     0 1 0 0 0
+#    1 1 0 0 0
+#     0 1 0 0 0
+#    0 0 0 0 0
+#       ...
+#
+# This board is prunable because the top left corner is only 3 bits in area, no piece will ever fit it
+# parameters:
+#   board -- an initial bit board (6 bit padded rows, see blank_board for format)
+#   location -- starting location, everything above and to the left is already full
+#   slotting -- set to true only when testing initial pieces, when filling normally
+#               additional assumptions are possible
+#
+# Algorithm:
+#    The algorithm starts at the top row (as determined by location) and iterates a row at a time
+#    maintainng counts of active open areas (kept in the collector array) each collector contains
+#    three values at the start of an iteration:
+#          0: mask of bits that would be adjacent to the collector in this row
+#          1: the number of bits collected so far
+#          2: a scratch space starting as zero, but used during the computation to represent
+#             the empty bits in the new row that are adjacent (position 0)
+#  The exact procedure is described in-code
+def prunable( board, location, slotting = false)
+  collectors = []
+  # loop across the rows
+  (location / 6).to_i.upto(9) do | row_on |
+    # obtain a set of regions representing the bits of the current row.
+    regions = $regions[(board >> (row_on * 6)) & 0b11111]
+    converter = $converter[row_on]
+
+    # track the number of collectors at the start of the cycle so that
+    # we don't compute against newly created collectors, only existing collectors
+    initial_collector_count = collectors.length
+
+    # loop against the regions.  For each region of the row
+    # we will see if it connects to one or more existing collectors.
+    # if it connects to 1 collector, the bits from the region are added to the
+    # bits of the collector and the mask is placed in collector[2]
+    # If the region overlaps more than one collector then all the collectors
+    # it overlaps with are merged into the first one (the others are set to nil in the array)
+    # if NO collectors are found then the region is copied as a new collector
+    regions.each do | region |
+      collector_found = nil
+      region_mask = region[2]
+      initial_collector_count.times do | collector_num |
+        collector = collectors[collector_num]
+        if (collector) then
+          collector_mask = collector[0]
+          if (collector_mask & region_mask != 0) then
+            if (collector_found) then
+              collector_found[0] |= collector_mask
+              collector_found[1] += collector[1]
+              collector_found[2] |= collector[2]
+              collectors[collector_num] = nil
+            else
+              collector_found = collector
+              collector[1] += region[1]
+              collector[2] |= region_mask
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      if (collector_found == nil) then
+        collectors.push(Array.new(region))
+      end
+    end
+
+    # check the existing collectors, if any collector overlapped no bits in the region its [2] value will
+    # be zero.  The size of any such reaason is tested if it is not a multiple of five true is returned since
+    # the board is prunable.  if it is a multiple of five it is removed.
+    # Collector that are still active have a new adjacent value [0] set based n the matched bits
+    # and have [2] cleared out for the next cycle.
+    collectors.length.times do | collector_num |
+      collector = collectors[collector_num]
+      if (collector) then
+        if (collector[2] == 0) then
+          return true if (collector[1] % 5 != 0)
+          collectors[collector_num] = nil
+        else
+          # if a collector matches all bits in the row then we can return unprunable early for the
+          # following reasons:
+          #    1) there can be no more unavailable bits bince we fill from the top left downward
+          #    2) all previous regions have been closed or joined so only this region can fail
+          #    3) this region must be good since there can never be only 1 region that is nuot
+          #       a multiple of five
+          # this rule only applies when filling normally, so we ignore the rule if we are "slotting"
+          # in pieces to see what configurations work for them (the only other time this algorithm is used).
+          return false if (collector[2] == 0b11111 && !slotting)
+          collector[0] = converter[collector[2]]
+          collector[2] = 0
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # get rid of all the empty converters for the next round
+    collectors.compact!
+  end
+  return false if (collectors.length <= 1) # 1 collector or less and the region is fine
+  collectors.any? { | collector | (collector[1] % 5) != 0 } # more than 1 and we test them all for bad size
+end
+
+# creates a region given a row mask.  see prunable for what a "region" is
+def create_regions( value )
+  regions = []
+  cur_region = 0
+  5.times do | bit |
+    if (value[bit] == 0) then
+      cur_region |= 1 << bit
+    else
+      if (cur_region != 0 ) then
+        regions.push( cur_region)
+        cur_region = 0;
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  regions.push(cur_region) if (cur_region != 0)
+  regions
+end
+
+# find up to the counted number of solutions (or all solutions) and prints the final result
+def find_all
+  find_top( 1)
+  find_top( 0)
+  print_results
+end
+
+# show the board
+def print_results
+  print "#{@boards_found} solutions found\n\n"
+  print_full_board( @min_board)
+  print "\n"
+  print_full_board( @max_board)
+  print "\n"
+end
+
+# finds solutions.  This special version of the main function is only used for the top level
+# the reason for it is basically to force a particular ordering on how the rotations are tested for
+# the first piece.  It is called twice, first looking for placements of the odd rotations and then
+# looking for placements of the even locations.
+#
+# WHY?
+#   Since any found solution has an inverse we want to maximize finding solutions that are not already found
+#   as an inverse.  The inverse will ALWAYS be 3 one of the piece configurations that is exactly 3 rotations away
+#   (an odd number).  Checking even vs odd then produces a higher probability of finding more pieces earlier
+#   in the cycle.  We still need to keep checking all the permutations, but our probability of finding one will
+#   diminsh over time.  Since we are TOLD how many to search for this lets us exit before checking all pieces
+#   this bennifit is very great when seeking small numbers of solutions and is 0 when looking for more than the
+#   maximum number
+def find_top( rotation_skip)
+  board = blank_board
+  (@pieces.length-1).times do
+    piece = @pieces.shift
+    piece.masks[0].each do | mask, imask, cmask |
+      if ((rotation_skip += 1) % 2 == 0) then
+        piece.placed = mask
+        find( 1, 1, board | mask)
+      end
+    end
+    @pieces.push(piece)
+  end
+  piece = @pieces.shift
+  @pieces.push(piece)
+end
+
+# the normail find routine, iterates through the available pieces, checks all rotations at the current location
+# and adds any boards found.  depth is achieved via recursion.  the overall approach is described
+# here: http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-javaopt/
+# parameters:
+#  start_location -- where to start looking for place for the next piece at
+#  placed -- number of pieces placed
+#  board -- current state of the board
+#
+# see in-code comments
+def find( start_location, placed, board)
+  # find the next location to place a piece by looking for an empty bit
+  while board[start_location] == 1
+    start_location += 1
+  end
+
+  @pieces.length.times do
+    piece = @pieces.shift
+    piece.masks[start_location].each do | mask, imask, cmask |
+      if ( board & cmask == imask) then
+        piece.placed = mask
+        if (placed == 9) then
+          add_board
+        else
+          find( start_location + 1, placed + 1, board | mask)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    @pieces.push(piece)
+  end
+end
+
+# print the board
+def print_full_board( board_string)
+  10.times do | row |
+    print " " if (row % 2 == 1)
+    5.times do | col |
+      print "#{board_string[row*5 + col,1]} "
+    end
+    print "\n"
+  end
+end
+
+# when a board is found we "draw it" into a string and then flip that string, adding both to
+# the list (hash) of solutions if they are unique.
+def add_board
+  board_string = "99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"
+  @all_pieces.each {  | piece | piece.fill_string( board_string ) }
+  save( board_string)
+  save( board_string.reverse)
+end
+
+# adds a board string to the list (if new) and updates the current best/worst board
+def save( board_string)
+  if (@all_boards[board_string] == nil) then
+    @min_board = board_string if (board_string < @min_board)
+    @max_board = board_string if (board_string > @max_board)
+    @all_boards.store(board_string,true)
+    @boards_found += 1
+
+    # the exit motif is a time saver.  Ideally the function should return, but those tests
+    # take noticeable time (performance).
+    if (@boards_found == @stop_count) then
+      print_results
+      exit(0)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+
+##
+## MAIN BODY :)
+##
+create_collector_support
+@pieces = [
+  Piece.new( [ :nw, :ne, :east, :east ], 2),
+  Piece.new( [ :ne, :se, :east, :ne ], 7),
+  Piece.new( [ :ne, :east, :ne, :nw ], 1),
+  Piece.new( [ :east, :sw, :sw, :se ], 6),
+  Piece.new( [ :east, :ne, :se, :ne ], 5),
+  Piece.new( [ :east, :east, :east, :se ], 0),
+  Piece.new( [ :ne, :nw, :se, :east, :se ], 4),
+  Piece.new( [ :se, :se, :se, :west ], 9),
+  Piece.new( [ :se, :se, :east, :se ], 8),
+  Piece.new( [ :east, :east, :sw, :se ], 3)
+  ];
+
+@all_pieces = Array.new( @pieces)
+
+@min_board = "99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999"
+@max_board = "00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+@stop_count = ARGV[0].to_i || 2089
+@all_boards = {}
+@boards_found = 0
+
+find_all ######## DO IT!!!
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_nbody.rb b/benchmark/so_nbody.rb
index d6c5bb9e61..d6c5bb9e61 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_nbody.rb
+++ b/benchmark/so_nbody.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/so_nested_loop.rb b/benchmark/so_nested_loop.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..766fcf7b84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_nested_loop.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# -*- Ruby -*-
+# $Id: nestedloop-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:42:22 bfulgham Exp $
+# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
+# from Avi Bryant
+
+n = 16 # Integer(ARGV.shift || 1)
+x = 0
+n.times do
+    n.times do
+        n.times do
+            n.times do
+                n.times do
+                    n.times do
+                        x += 1
+                    end
+                end
+            end
+        end
+    end
+end
+# puts x
+
+
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_nsieve.rb b/benchmark/so_nsieve.rb
index a65cc78233..a65cc78233 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_nsieve.rb
+++ b/benchmark/so_nsieve.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/so_nsieve_bits.rb b/benchmark/so_nsieve_bits.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f958ee44e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_nsieve_bits.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+#coding: us-ascii
+#
+# The Great Computer Language Shootout
+# http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
+#
+# nsieve-bits in Ruby
+# Contributed by Glenn Parker, March 2005
+
+CharExponent = 3
+BitsPerChar = 1 << CharExponent
+LowMask = BitsPerChar - 1
+
+def sieve(m)
+  items = "\xFF" * ((m / BitsPerChar) + 1)
+  masks = ""
+  BitsPerChar.times do |b|
+    masks << (1 << b).chr
+  end
+
+  count = 0
+  pmax = m - 1
+  2.step(pmax, 1) do |p|
+    if items[p >> CharExponent][p & LowMask] == 1
+      count += 1
+      p.step(pmax, p) do |mult|
+	a = mult >> CharExponent
+	b = mult & LowMask
+	items[a] -= masks[b] if items[a][b] != 0
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  count
+end
+
+n = 9 # (ARGV[0] || 2).to_i
+n.step(n - 2, -1) do |exponent|
+  break if exponent < 0
+  m = 2 ** exponent * 10_000
+  count = sieve(m)
+  printf "Primes up to %8d %8d\n", m, count
+end
+
diff --git a/benchmark/so_object.rb b/benchmark/so_object.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..131f44624c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_object.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# -*- Ruby -*-
+# $Id: objinst-ruby.code,v 1.4 2004/11/13 07:42:25 bfulgham Exp $
+# http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/
+# with help from Aristarkh Zagorodnikov
+
+class Toggle
+    def initialize(start_state)
+        @bool = start_state
+    end
+
+    def value
+        @bool
+    end
+
+    def activate
+        @bool = !@bool
+        self
+    end
+end
+
+class NthToggle < Toggle
+    def initialize(start_state, max_counter)
+        super start_state
+        @count_max = max_counter
+        @counter = 0
+    end
+
+    def activate
+        @counter += 1
+        if @counter >= @count_max
+            @bool = !@bool
+            @counter = 0
+        end
+        self
+    end
+end
+
+n = 1500000 # (ARGV.shift || 1).to_i
+
+toggle = Toggle.new 1
+5.times do
+    toggle.activate.value ? 'true' : 'false'
+end
+n.times do
+    toggle = Toggle.new 1
+end
+
+ntoggle = NthToggle.new 1, 3
+8.times do
+    ntoggle.activate.value ? 'true' : 'false'
+end
+n.times do
+    ntoggle = NthToggle.new 1, 3
+end
+
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_partial_sums.rb b/benchmark/so_partial_sums.rb
index 630b45cb8d..630b45cb8d 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_partial_sums.rb
+++ b/benchmark/so_partial_sums.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/so_pidigits.rb b/benchmark/so_pidigits.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a537b2d1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_pidigits.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+# The Great Computer Language Shootout
+# http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
+#
+# contributed by Gabriele Renzi
+
+class PiDigitSpigot
+
+    def initialize()
+        @z = Transformation.new 1,0,0,1
+        @x = Transformation.new 0,0,0,0
+        @inverse = Transformation.new 0,0,0,0
+    end
+
+    def next!
+        @y = @z.extract(3)
+        if safe? @y
+            @z = produce(@y)
+            @y
+        else
+            @z = consume @x.next!()
+            next!()
+        end
+    end
+
+    def safe?(digit)
+        digit == @z.extract(4)
+    end
+
+    def produce(i)
+        @inverse.qrst(10,-10*i,0,1).compose(@z)
+    end
+
+    def consume(a)
+        @z.compose(a)
+    end
+end
+
+
+class Transformation
+    attr_reader :q, :r, :s, :t
+    def initialize(q, r, s, t)
+        @q,@r,@s,@t,@k = q,r,s,t,0
+    end
+
+    def next!()
+        @q = @k = @k + 1
+        @r = 4 * @k + 2
+        @s = 0
+        @t = 2 * @k + 1
+        self
+    end
+
+    def extract(j)
+        (@q * j + @r) / (@s * j + @t)
+    end
+
+    def compose(a)
+        self.class.new( @q * a.q,
+                        @q * a.r + r * a.t,
+                        @s * a.q + t * a.s,
+                        @s * a.r + t * a.t
+                    )
+    end
+
+    def qrst *args
+        initialize *args
+        self
+    end
+
+
+end
+
+
+WIDTH = 10
+n = 2_500 # Integer(ARGV[0])
+j = 0
+
+digits = PiDigitSpigot.new
+
+while n > 0
+    if n >= WIDTH
+        WIDTH.times {print digits.next!}
+        j += WIDTH
+    else
+        n.times {print digits.next!}
+        (WIDTH-n).times {print " "}
+        j += n
+    end
+    puts "\t:"+j.to_s
+    n -= WIDTH
+end
+
diff --git a/benchmark/so_random.rb b/benchmark/so_random.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a66b9e8e63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_random.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# from http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/bench/random/random.ruby
+
+IM = 139968.0
+IA = 3877.0
+IC = 29573.0
+
+$last = 42.0
+
+def gen_random(max)
+  (max * ($last = ($last * IA + IC) % IM)) / IM
+end
+
+N = 3_000_000
+
+i = 0
+while i<N
+  i +=1
+  gen_random(100.0)
+end
+# "%.9f" % gen_random(100.0)
diff --git a/benchmark/so_reverse_complement.yml b/benchmark/so_reverse_complement.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de05eedfc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_reverse_complement.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+prelude: |
+  bm_so_fasta = <<'EOS'
+  # The Computer Language Shootout
+  # http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
+  # Contributed by Sokolov Yura
+
+  $last = 42.0
+  def gen_random(max, im=139968, ia=3877, ic=29573)
+      (max * ($last = ($last * ia + ic) % im)) / im
+  end
+
+  alu =
+     "GGCCGGGCGCGGTGGCTCACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGG"+
+     "GAGGCCGAGGCGGGCGGATCACCTGAGGTCAGGAGTTCGAGA"+
+     "CCAGCCTGGCCAACATGGTGAAACCCCGTCTCTACTAAAAAT"+
+     "ACAAAAATTAGCCGGGCGTGGTGGCGCGCGCCTGTAATCCCA"+
+     "GCTACTCGGGAGGCTGAGGCAGGAGAATCGCTTGAACCCGGG"+
+     "AGGCGGAGGTTGCAGTGAGCCGAGATCGCGCCACTGCACTCC"+
+     "AGCCTGGGCGACAGAGCGAGACTCCGTCTCAAAAA"
+
+  iub = [
+      ["a", 0.27],
+      ["c", 0.12],
+      ["g", 0.12],
+      ["t", 0.27],
+
+      ["B", 0.02],
+      ["D", 0.02],
+      ["H", 0.02],
+      ["K", 0.02],
+      ["M", 0.02],
+      ["N", 0.02],
+      ["R", 0.02],
+      ["S", 0.02],
+      ["V", 0.02],
+      ["W", 0.02],
+      ["Y", 0.02],
+  ]
+  homosapiens = [
+      ["a", 0.3029549426680],
+      ["c", 0.1979883004921],
+      ["g", 0.1975473066391],
+      ["t", 0.3015094502008],
+  ]
+
+  def make_repeat_fasta(id, desc, src, n)
+      puts ">#{id} #{desc}"
+      v = nil
+      width = 60
+      l = src.length
+      s = src * ((n / l) + 1)
+      s.slice!(n, l)
+      puts(s.scan(/.{1,#{width}}/).join("\n"))
+  end
+
+  def make_random_fasta(id, desc, table, n)
+      puts ">#{id} #{desc}"
+      rand, v = nil,nil
+      width = 60
+      chunk = 1 * width
+      prob = 0.0
+      table.each{|v| v[1]= (prob += v[1])}
+      for i in 1..(n/width)
+          puts((1..width).collect{
+              rand = gen_random(1.0)
+              table.find{|v| v[1]>rand}[0]
+          }.join)
+      end
+      if n%width != 0
+          puts((1..(n%width)).collect{
+              rand = gen_random(1.0)
+              table.find{|v| v[1]>rand}[0]
+          }.join)
+      end
+  end
+
+
+  n = (ARGV[0] or 250_000).to_i
+
+  make_repeat_fasta('ONE', 'Homo sapiens alu', alu, n*2)
+  make_random_fasta('TWO', 'IUB ambiguity codes', iub, n*3)
+  make_random_fasta('THREE', 'Homo sapiens frequency', homosapiens, n*5)
+  EOS
+benchmark:
+  - name: so_reverse_complement
+    prelude: |
+      script = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'bm_so_fasta.rb')
+      File.write(script, bm_so_fasta)
+
+      def prepare_fasta_output n
+        filebase = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'fasta.output')
+        script = File.join(File.dirname($0), 'bm_so_fasta.rb')
+        file = "#{filebase}.#{n}"
+
+        unless FileTest.exist?(file)
+          STDERR.puts "preparing #{file}"
+
+          open(file, 'w'){|f|
+            ARGV[0] = n
+            $stdout = f
+            load script
+            $stdout = STDOUT
+          }
+        end
+      end
+      prepare_fasta_output(2_500_000)
+    script: |
+      # The Great Computer Language Shootout
+      # http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
+      #
+      # Contributed by Peter Bjarke Olsen
+      # Modified by Doug King
+
+      seq=Array.new
+
+      def revcomp(seq)
+        seq.reverse!.tr!('wsatugcyrkmbdhvnATUGCYRKMBDHVN','WSTAACGRYMKVHDBNTAACGRYMKVHDBN')
+        stringlen=seq.length
+        0.step(stringlen-1,60) {|x| print seq.slice(x,60) , "\n"}
+      end
+
+      input = open(File.join(File.dirname($0), 'fasta.output.2500000'), 'rb')
+
+      while input.gets
+        if $_ =~ />/
+          if seq.length != 0
+            revcomp(seq.join)
+            seq=Array.new
+          end
+          puts $_
+        else
+          $_.sub(/\n/,'')
+          seq.push $_
+        end
+      end
+      revcomp(seq.join)
+    loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/so_sieve.rb b/benchmark/so_sieve.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43dc302648
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/so_sieve.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# from http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/bench/sieve/sieve.ruby
+num = 500
+count = i = j = 0
+flags0 = Array.new(8192,1)
+k = 0
+while k < num
+  k += 1
+  count = 0
+  flags = flags0.dup
+  i = 2
+  while i<8192
+    i += 1
+    if flags[i]
+      # remove all multiples of prime: i
+      j = i*i
+      while j < 8192
+        j += i
+        flags[j] = nil
+      end
+      count += 1
+    end
+  end
+end
+count
diff --git a/benchmark/bm_so_spectralnorm.rb b/benchmark/so_spectralnorm.rb
index 6b97206689..6b97206689 100644
--- a/benchmark/bm_so_spectralnorm.rb
+++ b/benchmark/so_spectralnorm.rb
diff --git a/benchmark/string_capitalize.yml b/benchmark/string_capitalize.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d23fd3d35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_capitalize.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+prelude: |
+  str1 = [*"a".."m",*"N".."Z",*"0".."9"].join("")
+  str10 = str1 * 10
+  str100 = str10 * 10
+  str1000 = str100 * 10
+benchmark:
+  capitalize-1: str1.capitalize
+  capitalize-10: str10.capitalize
+  capitalize-100: str100.capitalize
+  capitalize-1000: str1000.capitalize
diff --git a/benchmark/string_casecmp.yml b/benchmark/string_casecmp.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2354040a04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_casecmp.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+prelude: |
+  lstr1 = [*"a".."z",*"0".."9"].join("")
+  lstr10 = lstr1 * 10
+  lstr100 = lstr10 * 10
+  lstr1000 = lstr100 * 10
+  lnonascii1 = [*"\u{e0}".."\u{ff}"].join("")
+  lnonascii10 = lnonascii1 * 10
+  lnonascii100 = lnonascii10 * 10
+  lnonascii1000 = lnonascii100 * 10
+  ustr1 = [*"A".."Z",*"0".."9"].join("")
+  ustr10 = ustr1 * 10
+  ustr100 = ustr10 * 10
+  ustr1000 = ustr100 * 10
+  unonascii1 = [*"\u{c0}".."\u{df}"].join("")
+  unonascii10 = unonascii1 * 10
+  unonascii100 = unonascii10 * 10
+  unonascii1000 = unonascii100 * 10
+benchmark:
+  casecmp-1: lstr1.casecmp(ustr1)
+  casecmp-10: lstr10.casecmp(ustr10)
+  casecmp-100: lstr100.casecmp(ustr100)
+  casecmp-1000: lstr1000.casecmp(ustr1000)
+  casecmp-nonascii1: lnonascii1.casecmp(unonascii1)
+  casecmp-nonascii10: lnonascii10.casecmp(unonascii10)
+  casecmp-nonascii100: lnonascii100.casecmp(unonascii100)
+  casecmp-nonascii1000: lnonascii1000.casecmp(unonascii1000)
diff --git a/benchmark/string_casecmp_p.yml b/benchmark/string_casecmp_p.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a790ce7d55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_casecmp_p.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+prelude: |
+  lstr1 = [*"a".."z",*"0".."9"].join("")
+  lstr10 = lstr1 * 10
+  lstr100 = lstr10 * 10
+  lstr1000 = lstr100 * 10
+  lnonascii1 = [*"\u{e0}".."\u{ff}"].join("")
+  lnonascii10 = lnonascii1 * 10
+  lnonascii100 = lnonascii10 * 10
+  lnonascii1000 = lnonascii100 * 10
+  ustr1 = [*"A".."Z",*"0".."9"].join("")
+  ustr10 = ustr1 * 10
+  ustr100 = ustr10 * 10
+  ustr1000 = ustr100 * 10
+  unonascii1 = [*"\u{c0}".."\u{df}"].join("")
+  unonascii10 = unonascii1 * 10
+  unonascii100 = unonascii10 * 10
+  unonascii1000 = unonascii100 * 10
+benchmark:
+  casecmp_p-1: lstr1.casecmp?(ustr1)
+  casecmp_p-10: lstr10.casecmp?(ustr10)
+  casecmp_p-100: lstr100.casecmp?(ustr100)
+  casecmp_p-1000: lstr1000.casecmp?(ustr1000)
+  casecmp_p-nonascii1: lnonascii1.casecmp?(unonascii1)
+  casecmp_p-nonascii10: lnonascii10.casecmp?(unonascii10)
+  casecmp_p-nonascii100: lnonascii100.casecmp?(unonascii100)
+  casecmp_p-nonascii1000: lnonascii1000.casecmp?(unonascii1000)
diff --git a/benchmark/string_downcase.yml b/benchmark/string_downcase.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1fea6afbec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_downcase.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+prelude: |
+  str1 = [*"A".."Z",*"0".."9"].join("")
+  str10 = str1 * 10
+  str100 = str10 * 10
+  str1000 = str100 * 10
+  nonascii1 = [*"\u{c0}".."\u{df}"].join("")
+  nonascii10 = nonascii1 * 10
+  nonascii100 = nonascii10 * 10
+  nonascii1000 = nonascii100 * 10
+benchmark:
+  downcase-1: str1.upcase
+  downcase-10: str10.upcase
+  downcase-100: str100.upcase
+  downcase-1000: str1000.upcase
+  downcase-nonascii1: nonascii1.downcase
+  downcase-nonascii10: nonascii10.downcase
+  downcase-nonascii100: nonascii100.downcase
+  downcase-nonascii1000: nonascii1000.downcase
diff --git a/benchmark/string_index.rb b/benchmark/string_index.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7783111082
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_index.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+str1 = "あ" * 1024 + "い" # not single byte optimizable
+str2 = "い"
+100_000.times { str1.index(str2) }
diff --git a/benchmark/string_scan_re.rb b/benchmark/string_scan_re.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0d60201a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_scan_re.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+str = Array.new(1_000, 'abc').join(',')
+1_000.times { str.scan(/abc/) }
diff --git a/benchmark/string_scan_str.rb b/benchmark/string_scan_str.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..42440bd948
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_scan_str.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+str = Array.new(1_000, 'abc').join(',')
+1_000.times { str.scan('abc') }
diff --git a/benchmark/string_slice.yml b/benchmark/string_slice.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc2393c5d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_slice.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+prelude: |
+  long_string = "x"*1000+"-hår"
+benchmark:
+  regexp-short: |
+    "x-hår".slice!(/-(.)(.)(.)/, 3)
+  regexp-long: |
+    long_string.dup.slice!(/-(.)(.)(.)/, 3)
+  string-short: |
+    "x-hår".slice!("r")
+  string-long: |
+    long_string.dup.slice!("r")
diff --git a/benchmark/string_split.yml b/benchmark/string_split.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cc2c7d7855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_split.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+prelude: |
+  str1 = [*0..5].join(" ") + " "
+  str10 = str1 * 10
+  str100 = str10 * 10
+  str1000 = str100 * 10
+benchmark:
+  to_chars-1: str1.split('')
+  to_chars-10: str10.split('')
+  to_chars-100: str100.split('')
+  to_chars-1000: str1000.split('')
+  to_words-1: str1.split(' ')
+  to_words-10: str10.split(' ')
+  to_words-100: str100.split(' ')
+  to_words-1000: str1000.split(' ')
+  re_chars-1: str1.split(//)
+  re_chars-10: str10.split(//)
+  re_chars-100: str100.split(//)
+  re_chars-1000: str1000.split(//)
+  re_space-1: str1.split(/ /)
+  re_space-10: str10.split(/ /)
+  re_space-100: str100.split(/ /)
+  re_space-1000: str1000.split(/ /)
diff --git a/benchmark/string_swapcase.yml b/benchmark/string_swapcase.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eeb5928907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_swapcase.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+prelude: |
+  str1 = [*"A".."M",*"n".."z",*"0".."9"].join("")
+  str10 = str1 * 10
+  str100 = str10 * 10
+  str1000 = str100 * 10
+  nonascii1 = [*"\u{c0}".."\u{cf}",*"\u{f0}".."\u{ff}"].join("")
+  nonascii10 = nonascii1 * 10
+  nonascii100 = nonascii10 * 10
+  nonascii1000 = nonascii100 * 10
+benchmark:
+  swapcase-1: str1.swapcase
+  swapcase-10: str10.swapcase
+  swapcase-100: str100.swapcase
+  swapcase-1000: str1000.swapcase
+  swapcase-nonascii1: nonascii1.swapcase
+  swapcase-nonascii10: nonascii10.swapcase
+  swapcase-nonascii100: nonascii100.swapcase
+  swapcase-nonascii1000: nonascii1000.swapcase
diff --git a/benchmark/string_upcase.yml b/benchmark/string_upcase.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dab84bbde2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/string_upcase.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+prelude: |
+  str1 = [*"a".."z",*"0".."9"].join("")
+  str10 = str1 * 10
+  str100 = str10 * 10
+  str1000 = str100 * 10
+  nonascii1 = [*"\u{e0}".."\u{ff}"].join("")
+  nonascii10 = nonascii1 * 10
+  nonascii100 = nonascii10 * 10
+  nonascii1000 = nonascii100 * 10
+benchmark:
+  upcase-1: str1.upcase
+  upcase-10: str10.upcase
+  upcase-100: str100.upcase
+  upcase-1000: str1000.upcase
+  upcase-nonascii1: nonascii1.upcase
+  upcase-nonascii10: nonascii10.upcase
+  upcase-nonascii100: nonascii100.upcase
+  upcase-nonascii1000: nonascii1000.upcase
diff --git a/benchmark/time_strptime.yml b/benchmark/time_strptime.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d89ebb7a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/time_strptime.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+prelude: |
+  require 'time'
+benchmark:
+  - Time.strptime("28/Aug/2005:06:54:20 +0000", "%d/%b/%Y:%T %z")
+  - Time.strptime("1", "%s")
+  - Time.strptime("0 +0100", "%s %z")
+  - Time.strptime("0 UTC", "%s %z")
+  - Time.strptime("1.5", "%s.%N")
+  - Time.strptime("1.000000000001", "%s.%N")
+  - Time.strptime("20010203 -0200", "%Y%m%d %z")
+  - Time.strptime("20010203 UTC", "%Y%m%d %z")
+  - Time.strptime("2018-365", "%Y-%j")
+  - Time.strptime("2018-091", "%Y-%j")
diff --git a/benchmark/time_subsec.rb b/benchmark/time_subsec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..505021c701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/time_subsec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+t = Time.now
+4000000.times { t.subsec }
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_array.yml b/benchmark/vm_array.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a177237ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_array.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_array: |
+    a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_attr_ivar.yml b/benchmark/vm_attr_ivar.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75b803478e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_attr_ivar.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    attr_reader :a, :b
+    def initialize
+      @a = nil
+      @b = nil
+    end
+  end
+  obj = C.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_attr_ivar: |
+    j = obj.a
+    k = obj.b
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_attr_ivar_set.yml b/benchmark/vm_attr_ivar_set.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0d379b18a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_attr_ivar_set.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    attr_accessor :a, :b
+    def initialize
+      @a = nil
+      @b = nil
+    end
+  end
+  obj = C.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_attr_ivar_set: |
+    obj.a = 1
+    obj.b = 2
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_backtrace.rb b/benchmark/vm_backtrace.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0fbf73e1ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_backtrace.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# get last backtrace
+
+begin
+  caller(0, 0)
+rescue ArgumentError
+  alias caller_orig caller
+  def caller lev, n
+    caller_orig(lev)[0..n]
+  end
+end
+
+def rec n
+  if n < 0
+    100_000.times{
+      caller(0, 1)
+    }
+  else
+    rec(n-1)
+  end
+end
+
+rec 50
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_bigarray.yml b/benchmark/vm_bigarray.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b2d3f3443
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_bigarray.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_bigarray: |
+    a = [
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+      1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
+    ]
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_bighash.yml b/benchmark/vm_bighash.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dacfde793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_bighash.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_bighash: |
+    a = {0=>0, 1=>1, 2=>2, 3=>3, 4=>4, 5=>5, 6=>6, 7=>7, 8=>8, 9=>9, 10=>10, 11=>11, 12=>12, 13=>13, 14=>14, 15=>15, 16=>16, 17=>17, 18=>18, 19=>19, 20=>20, 21=>21, 22=>22, 23=>23, 24=>24, 25=>25, 26=>26, 27=>27, 28=>28, 29=>29, 30=>30, 31=>31, 32=>32, 33=>33, 34=>34, 35=>35, 36=>36, 37=>37, 38=>38, 39=>39, 40=>40, 41=>41, 42=>42, 43=>43, 44=>44, 45=>45, 46=>46, 47=>47, 48=>48, 49=>49, 50=>50, 51=>51, 52=>52, 53=>53, 54=>54, 55=>55, 56=>56, 57=>57, 58=>58, 59=>59, 60=>60, 61=>61, 62=>62, 63=>63, 64=>64, 65=>65, 66=>66, 67=>67, 68=>68, 69=>69, 70=>70, 71=>71, 72=>72, 73=>73, 74=>74, 75=>75, 76=>76, 77=>77, 78=>78, 79=>79, 80=>80, 81=>81, 82=>82, 83=>83, 84=>84, 85=>85, 86=>86, 87=>87, 88=>88, 89=>89, 90=>90, 91=>91, 92=>92, 93=>93, 94=>94, 95=>95, 96=>96, 97=>97, 98=>98, 99=>99, 100=>100, 101=>101, 102=>102, 103=>103, 104=>104, 105=>105, 106=>106, 107=>107, 108=>108, 109=>109, 110=>110, 111=>111, 112=>112, 113=>113, 114=>114, 115=>115, 116=>116, 117=>117, 118=>118, 119=>119, 120=>120, 121=>121, 122=>122, 123=>123, 124=>124, 125=>125, 126=>126, 127=>127, 128=>128, 129=>129, 130=>130, 131=>131, 132=>132, 133=>133, 134=>134, 135=>135, 136=>136, 137=>137, 138=>138, 139=>139, 140=>140, 141=>141, 142=>142, 143=>143, 144=>144, 145=>145, 146=>146, 147=>147, 148=>148, 149=>149, 150=>150, 151=>151, 152=>152, 153=>153, 154=>154, 155=>155, 156=>156, 157=>157, 158=>158, 159=>159, 160=>160, 161=>161, 162=>162, 163=>163, 164=>164, 165=>165, 166=>166, 167=>167, 168=>168, 169=>169, 170=>170, 171=>171, 172=>172, 173=>173, 174=>174, 175=>175, 176=>176, 177=>177, 178=>178, 179=>179, 180=>180, 181=>181, 182=>182, 183=>183, 184=>184, 185=>185, 186=>186, 187=>187, 188=>188, 189=>189, 190=>190, 191=>191, 192=>192, 193=>193, 194=>194, 195=>195, 196=>196, 197=>197, 198=>198, 199=>199, 200=>200, 201=>201, 202=>202, 203=>203, 204=>204, 205=>205, 206=>206, 207=>207, 208=>208, 209=>209, 210=>210, 211=>211, 212=>212, 213=>213, 214=>214, 215=>215, 216=>216, 217=>217, 218=>218, 219=>219, 220=>220, 221=>221, 222=>222, 223=>223, 224=>224, 225=>225, 226=>226, 227=>227, 228=>228, 229=>229, 230=>230, 231=>231, 232=>232, 233=>233, 234=>234, 235=>235, 236=>236, 237=>237, 238=>238, 239=>239, 240=>240, 241=>241, 242=>242, 243=>243, 244=>244, 245=>245, 246=>246, 247=>247, 248=>248, 249=>249, 250=>250, 251=>251, 252=>252, 253=>253, 254=>254, 255=>255, 256=>256, 257=>257, 258=>258, 259=>259, 260=>260, 261=>261, 262=>262, 263=>263, 264=>264, 265=>265, 266=>266, 267=>267, 268=>268, 269=>269, 270=>270, 271=>271, 272=>272, 273=>273, 274=>274, 275=>275, 276=>276, 277=>277, 278=>278, 279=>279, 280=>280, 281=>281, 282=>282, 283=>283, 284=>284, 285=>285, 286=>286, 287=>287, 288=>288, 289=>289, 290=>290, 291=>291, 292=>292, 293=>293, 294=>294, 295=>295, 296=>296, 297=>297, 298=>298, 299=>299, 300=>300, 301=>301, 302=>302, 303=>303, 304=>304, 305=>305, 306=>306, 307=>307, 308=>308, 309=>309, 310=>310, 311=>311, 312=>312, 313=>313, 314=>314, 315=>315, 316=>316, 317=>317, 318=>318, 319=>319, 320=>320, 321=>321, 322=>322, 323=>323, 324=>324, 325=>325, 326=>326, 327=>327, 328=>328, 329=>329, 330=>330, 331=>331, 332=>332, 333=>333, 334=>334, 335=>335, 336=>336, 337=>337, 338=>338, 339=>339, 340=>340, 341=>341, 342=>342, 343=>343, 344=>344, 345=>345, 346=>346, 347=>347, 348=>348, 349=>349, 350=>350, 351=>351, 352=>352, 353=>353, 354=>354, 355=>355, 356=>356, 357=>357, 358=>358, 359=>359, 360=>360, 361=>361, 362=>362, 363=>363, 364=>364, 365=>365, 366=>366, 367=>367, 368=>368, 369=>369, 370=>370, 371=>371, 372=>372, 373=>373, 374=>374, 375=>375, 376=>376, 377=>377, 378=>378, 379=>379, 380=>380, 381=>381, 382=>382, 383=>383, 384=>384, 385=>385, 386=>386, 387=>387, 388=>388, 389=>389, 390=>390, 391=>391, 392=>392, 393=>393, 394=>394, 395=>395, 396=>396, 397=>397, 398=>398, 399=>399, 400=>400, 401=>401, 402=>402, 403=>403, 404=>404, 405=>405, 406=>406, 407=>407, 408=>408, 409=>409, 410=>410, 411=>411, 412=>412, 413=>413, 414=>414, 415=>415, 416=>416, 417=>417, 418=>418, 419=>419, 420=>420, 421=>421, 422=>422, 423=>423, 424=>424, 425=>425, 426=>426, 427=>427, 428=>428, 429=>429, 430=>430, 431=>431, 432=>432, 433=>433, 434=>434, 435=>435, 436=>436, 437=>437, 438=>438, 439=>439, 440=>440, 441=>441, 442=>442, 443=>443, 444=>444, 445=>445, 446=>446, 447=>447, 448=>448, 449=>449, 450=>450, 451=>451, 452=>452, 453=>453, 454=>454, 455=>455, 456=>456, 457=>457, 458=>458, 459=>459, 460=>460, 461=>461, 462=>462, 463=>463, 464=>464, 465=>465, 466=>466, 467=>467, 468=>468, 469=>469, 470=>470, 471=>471, 472=>472, 473=>473, 474=>474, 475=>475, 476=>476, 477=>477, 478=>478, 479=>479, 480=>480, 481=>481, 482=>482, 483=>483, 484=>484, 485=>485, 486=>486, 487=>487, 488=>488, 489=>489, 490=>490, 491=>491, 492=>492, 493=>493, 494=>494, 495=>495, 496=>496, 497=>497, 498=>498, 499=>499, 500=>500,}
+loop_count: 60000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_block.yml b/benchmark/vm_block.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68b3e40bf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_block.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+prelude: |
+  def m
+    yield
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_block: |
+    m{
+    }
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_block_handler.yml b/benchmark/vm_block_handler.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..461d7953ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_block_handler.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# :FIXME: is there a way to benchmark block_handler_type_ifunc?
+
+prelude: |
+  p = proc{_1}
+  o = Object.new
+  def o.each
+    i = 0
+    while i < 3_000_000 do
+      yield i
+      i += 1
+    end
+  end
+
+benchmark:
+  - name: block_handler_type_iseq
+    script: |
+      o.each{_1}
+
+  - name: block_handler_type_symbol
+    script: |
+      o.each(&:itself)
+
+  - name: block_handler_type_proc
+    script: |
+      o.each(&p)
+
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_blockparam.yml b/benchmark/vm_blockparam.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e5a0170a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_blockparam.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  def m &b
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_blockparam: |
+    m{}
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_blockparam_call.yml b/benchmark/vm_blockparam_call.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a7d8d366ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_blockparam_call.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  def m &b
+    b.call
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_blockparam_call: |
+    m{}
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_blockparam_pass.yml b/benchmark/vm_blockparam_pass.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..841f5e7a63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_blockparam_pass.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+prelude: |
+  def bp_yield
+    yield
+  end
+
+  def bp_pass &b
+    bp_yield &b
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_blockparam_pass: |
+    bp_pass{}
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_blockparam_yield.yml b/benchmark/vm_blockparam_yield.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ea9b46ed2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_blockparam_yield.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  def bp_yield &b
+    yield
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_blockparam_yield: |
+    bp_yield{}
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_case.yml b/benchmark/vm_case.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b26a491a15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_case.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_case: |
+    case :foo
+    when :bar
+      raise
+    when :baz
+      raise
+    when :boo
+      raise
+    when :foo
+      # noop
+    end
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_case_lit.yml b/benchmark/vm_case_lit.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9f91801544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_case_lit.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# loop_count is not utilized since `i` is involved in the script
+benchmark:
+  vm_case_lit: |
+    i = 0
+    @ret = [ "foo", true, false, :sym, 6, nil, 0.1, 0xffffffffffffffff ]
+    def foo(i)
+      @ret[i % @ret.size]
+    end
+
+    while i<6_000_000
+      case foo(i)
+      when "foo" then :foo
+      when true then true
+      when false then false
+      when :sym then :sym
+      when 6 then :fix
+      when nil then nil
+      when 0.1 then :float
+      when 0xffffffffffffffff then :big
+      end
+      i += 1
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_clearmethodcache.rb b/benchmark/vm_clearmethodcache.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9661323cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_clearmethodcache.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+i = 0
+while i<200_000
+  i += 1
+
+  Class.new{
+    def m; end
+  }
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_const.yml b/benchmark/vm_const.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6064d4eed0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_const.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  Const = 1
+benchmark:
+  vm_const: |
+    j = Const
+    k = Const
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_defined_method.yml b/benchmark/vm_defined_method.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..347e0cfd33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_defined_method.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  class Object
+    define_method(:m){}
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_defined_method: |
+    m; m; m; m; m; m; m; m;
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_dstr.yml b/benchmark/vm_dstr.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30c7a3193c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_dstr.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+prelude: |
+  x = y = 'z'
+benchmark:
+  vm_dstr: |
+    str = "foo#{x}bar#{y}baz"
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_ensure.yml b/benchmark/vm_ensure.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4ea62f30de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_ensure.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Not utilizing loop_count since using it for this is too unstable for now
+benchmark:
+  vm_ensure: |
+    i = 0
+    while i<30_000_000
+      i += 1
+      begin
+        begin
+        ensure
+        end
+      ensure
+      end
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_eval.yml b/benchmark/vm_eval.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ba1a8d1de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_eval.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_eval: |
+    eval("1")
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_fiber_allocate.yml b/benchmark/vm_fiber_allocate.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5a54e1ddf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_fiber_allocate.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  # Disable GC to see raw throughput:
+  GC.disable
+benchmark:
+  vm_fiber_allocate: |
+    fiber = Fiber.new{Fiber.yield}
+    fiber.resume
+loop_count: 100000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_fiber_count.yml b/benchmark/vm_fiber_count.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b83d3152d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_fiber_count.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# On Linux, you will need to increase the maximum number of memory maps:
+# sudo sysctl -w vm.max_map_count=200000
+prelude: |
+  fibers = []
+benchmark:
+  vm_fiber_count: |
+    fiber = Fiber.new{Fiber.yield}
+    fibers << fiber
+    fiber.resume
+loop_count: 100000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_fiber_reuse.yml b/benchmark/vm_fiber_reuse.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4ca41085b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_fiber_reuse.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+prelude: |
+  GC.disable
+  fibers = []
+benchmark:
+  vm_fiber_reuse: |
+    1024.times do
+      fiber = Fiber.new{Fiber.yield}
+      fibers << fiber
+      fiber.resume
+    end
+
+    fibers.clear
+    GC.start
+loop_count: 200
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_fiber_reuse_gc.yml b/benchmark/vm_fiber_reuse_gc.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..892622f121
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_fiber_reuse_gc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16009
+prelude: |
+  fibers = []
+benchmark:
+  vm_fiber_reuse_gc: |
+    2000.times do
+      fiber = Fiber.new{Fiber.yield}
+      fibers << fiber
+      fiber.resume
+    end
+    fibers.clear
+loop_count: 100
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_fiber_switch.yml b/benchmark/vm_fiber_switch.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3de36b66eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_fiber_switch.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+prelude: |
+  # based on benchmark for [ruby-core:65518] [Feature #10341] by Knut Franke
+  fib = Fiber.new do
+    loop { Fiber.yield }
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_fiber_switch: |
+    fib.resume
+loop_count: 20000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_float_simple.yml b/benchmark/vm_float_simple.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92f5fd52ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_float_simple.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  f = 0.0
+benchmark:
+  vm_float_simple: |
+    f += 0.1; f -= 0.1
+    f += 0.1; f -= 0.1
+    f += 0.1; f -= 0.1
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_freezestring.yml b/benchmark/vm_freezestring.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..facc9aa043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_freezestring.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+prelude: |
+  class String
+    def freeze
+      -self
+    end
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_freezestring: |
+    "tXnL1BP5T1WPXMjuFNLQtallEtRcay1t2lHtJSrlVsDgvunlbtfpr/DGdH0NGYE9".freeze
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc.rb b/benchmark/vm_gc.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e668026915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+5000.times do
+  100.times do
+    {"xxxx"=>"yyyy"}
+  end
+  GC.start
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_old_full.rb b/benchmark/vm_gc_old_full.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cfdfc8c5a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_old_full.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+old_object = Array.new(1_000_000){''}
+100.times do
+  GC.start
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_old_immediate.rb b/benchmark/vm_gc_old_immediate.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad22feb655
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_old_immediate.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+old_object = Array.new(1_000_000){''}
+30_000.times do
+  GC.start(full_mark: false, immediate_sweep: true)
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_old_lazy.rb b/benchmark/vm_gc_old_lazy.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b74d44baf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_old_lazy.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+old_object = Array.new(1_000_000){''}
+30_000.times do
+  GC.start(full_mark: false, immediate_sweep: false)
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_short_lived.yml b/benchmark/vm_gc_short_lived.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..29c803fee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_short_lived.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_gc_short_lived: |
+    a = '' # short-lived String
+    b = ''
+    c = ''
+    d = ''
+    e = ''
+    f = ''
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_short_with_complex_long.yml b/benchmark/vm_gc_short_with_complex_long.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b6c3ed7b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_short_with_complex_long.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+prelude: |
+  def nested_hash h, n
+    if n == 0
+      ''
+    else
+      10.times{
+        h[Object.new] = nested_hash(h, n-1)
+      }
+    end
+  end
+
+  long_lived = Hash.new
+  nested_hash long_lived, 6
+
+  GC.start
+  GC.start
+benchmark:
+  vm_gc_short_with_complex_long: |
+    a = '' # short-lived String
+    b = ''
+    c = ''
+    d = ''
+    e = ''
+    f = ''
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_short_with_long.yml b/benchmark/vm_gc_short_with_long.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03ba0f95a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_short_with_long.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+prelude: |
+  long_lived = Array.new(1_000_000){|i| "#{i}"}
+  GC.start
+  GC.start
+benchmark:
+  vm_gc_short_with_long: |
+    a = '' # short-lived String
+    b = ''
+    c = ''
+    d = ''
+    e = ''
+    f = ''
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_short_with_symbol.yml b/benchmark/vm_gc_short_with_symbol.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..129b8bf4ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_short_with_symbol.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+prelude: |
+  50_000.times{|i| sym = "sym#{i}".to_sym}
+  GC.start
+  GC.start
+benchmark:
+  vm_gc_short_with_symbol: |
+    a = '' # short-lived String
+    b = ''
+    c = ''
+    d = ''
+    e = ''
+    f = ''
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_ary.yml b/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_ary.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e3293e72d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_ary.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+prelude: |
+  short_lived_ary = []
+
+  if RUBY_VERSION >= "2.2.0"
+    GC.start(full_mark: false, immediate_mark: true, immediate_sweep: true)
+  end
+
+  short_lived = ''
+benchmark:
+  vm_gc_wb_ary: |
+    short_lived_ary[0] = short_lived # write barrier
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_ary_promoted.yml b/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_ary_promoted.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..003995945b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_ary_promoted.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+prelude: |
+  long_lived = []
+
+  if RUBY_VERSION > "2.2.0"
+    3.times{ GC.start(full_mark: false, immediate_mark: true, immediate_sweep: true) }
+  elsif
+    GC.start
+  end
+
+  short_lived = ''
+
+benchmark:
+  vm_gc_wb_ary_promoted: |
+    long_lived[0] = short_lived # write barrier
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_obj.yml b/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_obj.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2a2ce2d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_obj.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    attr_accessor :foo
+  end
+  short_lived_obj = C.new
+
+  if RUBY_VERSION >= "2.2.0"
+    GC.start(full_mark: false, immediate_mark: true, immediate_sweep: true)
+  end
+
+  short_lived = ''
+benchmark:
+  vm_gc_wb_obj: |
+    short_lived_obj.foo = short_lived # write barrier
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_obj_promoted.yml b/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_obj_promoted.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00a454ba72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_gc_wb_obj_promoted.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    attr_accessor :foo
+  end
+  long_lived = C.new
+
+  if RUBY_VERSION >= "2.2.0"
+    3.times{ GC.start(full_mark: false, immediate_mark: true, immediate_sweep: true) }
+  elsif
+    GC.start
+  end
+
+  short_lived = ''
+benchmark:
+  vm_gc_wb_obj_promoted: |
+    long_lived.foo = short_lived # write barrier
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_iclass_super.yml b/benchmark/vm_iclass_super.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..21bb7db247
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_iclass_super.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    def m
+      1
+    end
+
+    ("A".."M").each do |module_name|
+      eval <<-EOM
+          module #{module_name}
+            def m; super; end
+          end
+          prepend #{module_name}
+      EOM
+    end
+  end
+
+  obj = C.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_iclass_super: obj.m
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_ivar.yml b/benchmark/vm_ivar.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..119531d5ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_ivar.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+prelude: "@a = 1\n"
+benchmark:
+  vm_ivar: |
+    j = @a
+    k = @a
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_ivar_init.yml b/benchmark/vm_ivar_init.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6f1633907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_ivar_init.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    def initialize
+      @a = nil
+      @b = nil
+      @c = nil
+      @d = nil
+      @e = nil
+    end
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_ivar_init: |
+    C.new
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_ivar_set.yml b/benchmark/vm_ivar_set.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8bbb60043b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_ivar_set.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_ivar_set: |
+    @a = 1
+    @b = 2
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_ivar_set_subclass.yml b/benchmark/vm_ivar_set_subclass.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2653d36ded
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_ivar_set_subclass.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+prelude: |
+  class A
+    def initialize
+      @a = nil
+      @b = nil
+      @c = nil
+      @d = nil
+      @e = nil
+    end
+  end
+  class B < A; end
+  class C < A; end
+benchmark:
+  vm_ivar_init_subclass: |
+    B.new
+    C.new
+loop_count: 3000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_length.yml b/benchmark/vm_length.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5fd94e7d86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_length.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  a = 'abc'
+  b = [1, 2, 3]
+benchmark:
+  vm_length: |
+    a.length
+    b.length
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_lvar_init.yml b/benchmark/vm_lvar_init.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..70a9b1c0ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_lvar_init.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# while loop cost is not removed because `i` is used in the script
+benchmark:
+  vm_lvar_init: |
+    def m v
+      unless v
+        # unreachable code
+        v1 = v2 = v3 = v4 = v5 = v6 = v7 = v8 = v9 = v10 =
+        v11 = v12 = v13 = v14 = v15 = v16 = v17 = v18 = v19 = v20 =
+        v21 = v22 = v23 = v24 = v25 = v26 = v27 = v28 = v29 = v30 =
+        v31 = v32 = v33 = v34 = v35 = v36 = v37 = v38 = v39 = v40 =
+        v41 = v42 = v43 = v44 = v45 = v46 = v47 = v48 = v49 = v50 = 1
+      end
+    end
+
+    i = 0
+
+    while i<30_000_000
+      i += 1
+      m i
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_lvar_set.yml b/benchmark/vm_lvar_set.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f29f763d81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_lvar_set.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_lvar_set: |
+    a = b = c = d = e = f = g = h = j = k = l = m = n = o = p = q = r = 1
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_method.yml b/benchmark/vm_method.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d45e4ec572
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_method.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  def m
+    nil
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_method: |
+    m; m; m; m; m; m; m; m;
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_method_missing.yml b/benchmark/vm_method_missing.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3da456c0bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_method_missing.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    def method_missing mid
+    end
+  end
+
+  obj = C.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_method_missing: |
+    obj.m; obj.m; obj.m; obj.m; obj.m; obj.m; obj.m; obj.m;
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_method_with_block.yml b/benchmark/vm_method_with_block.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..281a481394
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_method_with_block.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  def m
+    nil
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_method_with_block: |
+    m{}; m{}; m{}; m{}; m{}; m{}; m{}; m{};
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_module_ann_const_set.yml b/benchmark/vm_module_ann_const_set.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..243229ba4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_module_ann_const_set.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_module_ann_const_set: |
+    Module.new.const_set(:X, Module.new)
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_module_const_set.yml b/benchmark/vm_module_const_set.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5a24181a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_module_const_set.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  module M
+  end
+  $VERBOSE = nil
+benchmark:
+  vm_module_const_set: |
+    M.const_set(:X, Module.new)
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_mutex.yml b/benchmark/vm_mutex.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..abcf1e28ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_mutex.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  require 'thread'
+
+  m = Thread::Mutex.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_mutex: |
+    m.synchronize{}
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_neq.yml b/benchmark/vm_neq.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fb04d15ae8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_neq.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  obj1 = Object.new
+  obj2 = Object.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_neq: |
+    obj1 != obj2
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_newlambda.yml b/benchmark/vm_newlambda.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b9787d91a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_newlambda.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_newlambda: |
+    lambda {}
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_not.yml b/benchmark/vm_not.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c68dde3c50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_not.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+prelude: |
+  obj = Object.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_not: |
+    !obj
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_poly_method.yml b/benchmark/vm_poly_method.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd2f4e71de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_poly_method.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# loop_count is not utilized since `i` is involved in the script
+benchmark:
+  vm_poly_method: |
+    class C1
+      def m
+        1
+      end
+    end
+    class C2
+      def m
+        2
+      end
+    end
+
+    o1 = C1.new
+    o2 = C2.new
+
+    i = 0
+    while i<6_000_000
+      o = (i % 2 == 0) ? o1 : o2
+      o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m
+      i += 1
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_poly_method_ov.yml b/benchmark/vm_poly_method_ov.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bca1b62729
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_poly_method_ov.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# loop_count is not utilized since `i` is involved in the script
+benchmark:
+  vm_poly_method_ov: |
+    class C1
+      def m
+        1
+      end
+    end
+    class C2
+      def m
+        2
+      end
+    end
+
+    o1 = C1.new
+    o2 = C2.new
+
+    i = 0
+    while i<6_000_000
+      o = (i % 2 == 0) ? o1 : o2
+    #  o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m
+      i += 1
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_poly_same_method.yml b/benchmark/vm_poly_same_method.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c5404ac84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_poly_same_method.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+prelude: |
+  module AR; end
+  class AR::Base
+    def create_or_update
+      nil
+    end
+    def save
+      create_or_update
+    end
+  end
+  class Foo < AR::Base; end
+  class Bar < AR::Base; end
+  o1 = Foo.new
+  o2 = Bar.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_poly_same_method: |
+    o1.save; o2.save;
+    o1.save; o2.save;
+    o1.save; o2.save;
+    o1.save; o2.save;
+    o1.save; o2.save;
+    o1.save; o2.save;
+    o1.save; o2.save;
+    o1.save; o2.save;
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_poly_singleton.yml b/benchmark/vm_poly_singleton.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c7923160fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_poly_singleton.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# loop_count is not utilized since `i` is involved in the script
+benchmark:
+  vm_poly_singleton: |
+    class C1
+      def m; 1; end
+    end
+
+    o1 = C1.new
+    o2 = C1.new
+    o2.singleton_class
+
+    i = 0
+    while i<6_000_000 # benchmark loop 2
+      o = (i % 2 == 0) ? o1 : o2
+      o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m; o.m
+      i += 1
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_proc.yml b/benchmark/vm_proc.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f8de6c272
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_proc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+prelude: |
+  def m &b
+    b
+  end
+
+  pr = m{
+    a = 1
+  }
+benchmark:
+  vm_proc: |
+    pr.call
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_raise1.yml b/benchmark/vm_raise1.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..247d9f70ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_raise1.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+prelude: |
+  def rec n
+    if n > 0
+      rec n-1
+    else
+      raise
+    end
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_raise1: |
+    begin
+      rec 1
+    rescue
+      # ignore
+    end
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_raise2.yml b/benchmark/vm_raise2.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0fa047b3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_raise2.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+prelude: |
+  def rec n
+    if n > 0
+      rec n-1
+    else
+      raise
+    end
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_raise2: |
+    begin
+      rec 10
+    rescue
+      # ignore
+    end
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_regexp.yml b/benchmark/vm_regexp.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2aa3d94dbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_regexp.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+prelude: |
+  str = 'xxxhogexxx'
+benchmark:
+  vm_regexp: |
+    /hoge/ =~ str
+  vm_regexp_invert: |
+    str =~ /hoge/
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_rescue.yml b/benchmark/vm_rescue.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b4a0af521f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_rescue.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_rescue: |
+    begin
+    rescue
+    end
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_send.yml b/benchmark/vm_send.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f31bc7ac89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_send.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    def m
+    end
+  end
+
+  o = C.new
+  m = :m
+benchmark:
+  vm_send: |
+    o.__send__ :m
+  vm_send_var: |
+    o.__send__ m
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_send_cfunc.yml b/benchmark/vm_send_cfunc.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b114ac317d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_send_cfunc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_send_cfunc: self.class
+loop_count: 100000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_simplereturn.yml b/benchmark/vm_simplereturn.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c9829cff0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_simplereturn.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  def m
+    return 1
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_simplereturn: m
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_string_literal.yml b/benchmark/vm_string_literal.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64439c7980
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_string_literal.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_string_literal: |
+    x = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_big_aref_hi.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_aref_hi.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4cf78970cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_aref_hi.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  s = Struct.new(*('a'..'z').map { |x| x.to_sym })
+  x = s.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_big_aref_hi: |
+    x.z # x[25]
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_big_aref_lo.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_aref_lo.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c91af27fa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_aref_lo.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  s = Struct.new(*('a'..'z').map { |x| x.to_sym })
+  x = s.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_big_aref_lo: |
+    x.k # x[10]
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_big_aset.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_aset.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..69550d14ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_aset.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# loop_count is not utilized since `i` is involved in the script
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_big_aset: |
+    s = Struct.new(*('a'..'z').map { |x| x.to_sym })
+    x = s.new
+    i = 0
+    while i<6_000_000
+      i += 1
+      x.k = i # x[10] = i
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_big_href_hi.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_href_hi.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09b764dd13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_href_hi.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  s = Struct.new(*('a'..'z').map { |x| x.to_sym })
+  x = s.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_big_href_hi: |
+    x[:z]
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_big_href_lo.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_href_lo.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d2f00b220f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_href_lo.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  s = Struct.new(*('a'..'z').map { |x| x.to_sym })
+  x = s.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_big_href_lo: |
+    x[:k]
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_big_hset.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_hset.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc45cbee9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_big_hset.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# loop_count is not utilized since `i` is involved in the script
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_big_hset: |
+    s = Struct.new(*('a'..'z').map { |x| x.to_sym })
+    x = s.new
+    i = 0
+    while i<6_000_000
+      i += 1
+      x[:k] = i
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_small_aref.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_small_aref.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a83251d1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_small_aref.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  s = Struct.new(:a, :b, :c)
+  x = s.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_small_aref: |
+    x.a
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_small_aset.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_small_aset.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74f435f126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_small_aset.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# loop_count is not utilized since `i` is involved in the script
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_small_aset: |
+    s = Struct.new(:a, :b, :c)
+    x = s.new
+    i = 0
+    while i<6_000_000
+      i += 1
+      x.a = i
+    end
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_small_href.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_small_href.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b7d7f39e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_small_href.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  s = Struct.new(:a, :b, :c)
+  x = s.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_small_href: |
+    x[:a]
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_struct_small_hset.yml b/benchmark/vm_struct_small_hset.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d43b150de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_struct_small_hset.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  s = Struct.new(:a, :b, :c)
+  x = s.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_struct_small_hset: |
+    x[:a] = 1
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_super.yml b/benchmark/vm_super.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d1e965c6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_super.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    def m
+      1
+    end
+  end
+
+  class CC < C
+    def m
+      super()
+    end
+  end
+
+  obj = CC.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_super: obj.m
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_swap.yml b/benchmark/vm_swap.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e824a65e0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_swap.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  a = 1
+  b = 2
+benchmark:
+  vm_swap: |
+    a, b = b, a
+loop_count: 30000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_symbol_block_pass.rb b/benchmark/vm_symbol_block_pass.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d433353e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_symbol_block_pass.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+class C
+  1000.times {|i|
+    eval("def i#{i};end")
+  }
+end
+
+c = C.new
+m = C.instance_methods(false)
+5_000.times do
+  m.each do |n|
+    c.tap(&n)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_alive_check.yml b/benchmark/vm_thread_alive_check.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d21737d3e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_alive_check.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_thread_alive_check: |
+    t = Thread.new{}
+    while t.alive?
+      Thread.pass
+    end
+loop_count: 50_000
+
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_close.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_close.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e9a265ce8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_close.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+1000.times { Thread.new { sleep } }
+i = 0
+while i<100_000 # benchmark loop 3
+  i += 1
+  IO.pipe.each(&:close)
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_condvar1.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_condvar1.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf5706b23e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_condvar1.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# two threads, two mutex, two condvar ping-pong
+require 'thread'
+m1 = Mutex.new
+m2 = Mutex.new
+cv1 = ConditionVariable.new
+cv2 = ConditionVariable.new
+max = 100000
+i = 0
+wait = nil
+m2.synchronize do
+  wait = Thread.new do
+    m1.synchronize do
+      m2.synchronize { cv2.signal }
+      while (i += 1) < max
+        cv1.wait(m1)
+        cv2.signal
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  cv2.wait(m2)
+end
+m1.synchronize do
+  while i < max
+    cv1.signal
+    cv2.wait(m1)
+  end
+end
+wait.join
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_condvar2.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_condvar2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c8dc19481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_condvar2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# many threads, one mutex, many condvars
+require 'thread'
+m = Mutex.new
+cv1 = ConditionVariable.new
+cv2 = ConditionVariable.new
+max = 1000
+n = 100
+waiting = 0
+scvs = []
+waiters = n.times.map do |i|
+  start_cv = ConditionVariable.new
+  scvs << start_cv
+  start_mtx = Mutex.new
+  start_mtx.synchronize do
+    th = Thread.new(start_mtx, start_cv) do |sm, scv|
+      m.synchronize do
+        sm.synchronize { scv.signal }
+        max.times do
+          cv2.signal if (waiting += 1) == n
+          cv1.wait(m)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    start_cv.wait(start_mtx)
+    th
+  end
+end
+m.synchronize do
+  max.times do
+    cv2.wait(m) until waiting == n
+    waiting = 0
+    cv1.broadcast
+  end
+end
+waiters.each(&:join)
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_create_join.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_create_join.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..393cd45df9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_create_join.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+i = 0
+while i<100_000 # benchmark loop 3
+  i += 1
+  Thread.new{
+  }.join
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_mutex1.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_mutex1.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..66e42c85e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_mutex1.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# one thread, one mutex (no contention)
+
+require 'thread'
+m = Thread::Mutex.new
+r = 0
+max = 2000
+lmax = max * max
+(1..1).map{
+  Thread.new{
+    i = 0
+    while i<lmax
+      i += 1
+      m.synchronize{
+        r += 1
+      }
+    end
+  }
+}.each{|e|
+  e.join
+}
+raise r.to_s if r != max * max
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_mutex2.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_mutex2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e6c804c31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_mutex2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# two threads, one mutex
+
+require 'thread'
+m = Thread::Mutex.new
+r = 0
+max = 2000
+lmax = (max * max)/2
+(1..2).map{
+  Thread.new{
+    i = 0
+    while i<lmax
+      i += 1
+      m.synchronize{
+        r += 1
+      }
+    end
+  }
+}.each{|e|
+  e.join
+}
+raise r.to_s if r != max * max
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_mutex3.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_mutex3.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c750dc542a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_mutex3.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# 1000 threads, one mutex
+
+require 'thread'
+m = Thread::Mutex.new
+r = 0
+max = 2000
+(1..max).map{
+  Thread.new{
+    i = 0
+    while i<max
+      i += 1
+      m.synchronize{
+        r += 1
+      }
+    end
+  }
+}.each{|e|
+  e.join
+}
+raise r.to_s if r != max * max
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_pass.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_pass.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..438bd08d45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_pass.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Plenty Thread.pass
+# A performance may depend on GVL implementation.
+
+tmax = (ARGV.shift || 8).to_i
+lmax = 400_000 / tmax
+
+(1..tmax).map{
+  Thread.new{
+    lmax.times{
+      Thread.pass
+    }
+  }
+}.each{|t| t.join}
+
+
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_pass_flood.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_pass_flood.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..65df8e6154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_pass_flood.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# n.b. this is a good test for GVL when pinned to a single CPU
+
+5_000.times{
+  Thread.new{loop{Thread.pass}}
+}
+
+i = 0
+while i<10_000
+  i += 1
+end
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_pipe.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_pipe.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..112a621905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_pipe.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Measure small and plenty pipe read/write.
+# A performance may depend on GVL implementation.
+
+lmax = 100_000
+r, w = IO.pipe
+[Thread.new{
+  lmax.times{
+    w.write('a')
+  }
+  p "w:exit"
+}, Thread.new{
+  lmax.times{
+    r.read(1)
+  }
+  p "r:exit"
+}].each{|t| t.join}
+
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_queue.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_queue.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1dd3696a3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_queue.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+require 'thread'
+
+n = 10_000_000
+q = Thread::Queue.new
+consumer = Thread.new{
+  while q.pop
+    # consuming
+  end
+}
+
+producer = Thread.new{
+  n.times{
+    q.push true
+  }
+  q.push nil
+}
+
+consumer.join
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7b9af5482b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+require 'thread'
+# on producer, one consumer
+
+n = 1_000_000
+q = Thread::SizedQueue.new(100)
+consumer = Thread.new{
+  while q.pop
+    # consuming
+  end
+}
+
+producer = Thread.new{
+  while n > 0
+    q.push true
+    n -= 1
+  end
+  q.push nil
+}
+
+consumer.join
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue2.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de9f55e978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+require 'thread'
+# one producer, many consumers
+n = 1_000_000
+m = 10
+q = Thread::SizedQueue.new(100)
+consumers = m.times.map do
+  Thread.new do
+    while q.pop
+      # consuming
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+producer = Thread.new do
+  while n > 0
+    q.push true
+    n -= 1
+  end
+  m.times { q.push nil }
+end
+
+producer.join
+consumers.each(&:join)
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue3.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue3.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce5f1796d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue3.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+require 'thread'
+# many producers, one consumer
+n = 1_000_000
+m = 10
+q = Thread::SizedQueue.new(100)
+consumer = Thread.new do
+  while q.pop
+    # consuming
+  end
+end
+
+producers = m.times.map do
+  Thread.new do
+    while n > 0
+      q.push true
+      n -= 1
+    end
+  end
+end
+producers.each(&:join)
+q.push nil
+consumer.join
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue4.rb b/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue4.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9b7d80ec0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_sized_queue4.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+require 'thread'
+# many producers, many consumers
+nr = 1_000_000
+n = 10
+m = 10
+q = Thread::SizedQueue.new(100)
+consumers = n.times.map do
+  Thread.new do
+    while q.pop
+      # consuming
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+producers = m.times.map do
+  Thread.new do
+    while nr > 0
+      q.push true
+      nr -= 1
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+producers.each(&:join)
+n.times { q.push nil }
+consumers.each(&:join)
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_thread_sleep.yml b/benchmark/vm_thread_sleep.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96901d8466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_thread_sleep.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+benchmark:
+  vm_thread_sleep: |
+    Thread.new { sleep }
+loop_count: 10_000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_unif1.yml b/benchmark/vm_unif1.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04187bb0e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_unif1.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prelude: |
+  def m a, b
+  end
+benchmark:
+  vm_unif1: |
+    m 100, 200
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_yield.yml b/benchmark/vm_yield.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..230be3d84f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_yield.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# while loop cost is not removed due to benchmark_driver.gem's limitation
+benchmark:
+  vm_yield: |
+    def m
+      i = 0
+      while i<30_000_000
+        i += 1
+        yield
+      end
+    end
+
+    m{}
+loop_count: 1
diff --git a/benchmark/vm_zsuper.yml b/benchmark/vm_zsuper.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bfb5837578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/vm_zsuper.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+prelude: |
+  class C
+    def m a
+      1
+    end
+  end
+
+  class CC < C
+    def m a
+      super
+    end
+  end
+
+  obj = CC.new
+benchmark:
+  vm_zsuper: |
+    obj.m 10
+loop_count: 6000000
diff --git a/benchmark/wc.input.base b/benchmark/wc.input.base
deleted file mode 100644
index 41143fbac0..0000000000
--- a/benchmark/wc.input.base
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-Subject:      Re: Who was Izchak Miller?
-From:         "Jane D. Anonymous" <nobody@yale.edu>
-Date:         1996/04/28
-Message-Id:   <4lv7bc$oh@news.ycc.yale.edu>
-References:   <317C405E.5DFA@panix.com> <4lk6vl$gde@ns.oar.net>
-To:           75176.2330@compuserve.com
-Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
-Organization: Yale University
-X-Url:        news:4lk6vl$gde@ns.oar.net
-Mime-Version: 1.0
-Newsgroups:   rec.games.roguelike.nethack
-X-Mailer:     Mozilla 1.1N (Macintosh; I; 68K)
-
-Hello there, Izchak Miller was my father.  When I was younger I spent 
-many a night, hunched over the keyboard with a cup of tea, playing 
-nethack with him and my brother.  my dad was a philosopher with a strong 
-weakness for fantasy/sci fi.  I remember when he started to get involved 
-with the Nethack team- my brother's Dungeons and Dragons monster book 
-found a regular place beside my dad's desk. it's nice to see him living 
-on in the game he loved so much :-).  
-                                                                  Tamar Miller
-
-The following is a really long word of 5000 characters:
-
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diff --git a/bignum.c b/bignum.c
index 2f0eca7fca..7c55366ecb 100644
--- a/bignum.c
+++ b/bignum.c
@@ -9,83 +9,2917 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#include "ruby/ruby.h"
-#include "ruby/util.h"
-#include "internal.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <float.h>
+#include <math.h>
 
 #ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
-#include <strings.h>
+# include <strings.h>
 #endif
-#include <math.h>
-#include <float.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
+
 #ifdef HAVE_IEEEFP_H
-#include <ieeefp.h>
+# include <ieeefp.h>
 #endif
-#include <assert.h>
 
-VALUE rb_cBignum;
+#if defined(HAVE_LIBGMP) && defined(HAVE_GMP_H)
+# define USE_GMP
+# include <gmp.h>
+#endif
 
-static VALUE big_three = Qnil;
+#include "id.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/bignum.h"
+#include "internal/complex.h"
+#include "internal/gc.h"
+#include "internal/numeric.h"
+#include "internal/object.h"
+#include "internal/sanitizers.h"
+#include "internal/util.h"
+#include "internal/variable.h"
+#include "internal/warnings.h"
+#include "ruby/thread.h"
+#include "ruby/util.h"
+#include "ruby_assert.h"
+
+#define RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(x) RB_TYPE_P((x), T_BIGNUM)
+
+const char ruby_digitmap[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+
+#ifndef SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL
+# if SIZEOF_INT*2 <= SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+#  define SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+# else
+#  define SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL SIZEOF_LONG
+# endif
+#endif
+
+STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_bdigit_dbl, sizeof(BDIGIT_DBL) == SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL);
+STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_bdigit_dbl_signed, sizeof(BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED) == SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL);
+STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_bdigit, SIZEOF_BDIGIT <= sizeof(BDIGIT));
+STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_bdigit_and_dbl, SIZEOF_BDIGIT*2 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL);
+STATIC_ASSERT(bdigit_signedness, 0 < (BDIGIT)-1);
+STATIC_ASSERT(bdigit_dbl_signedness, 0 < (BDIGIT_DBL)-1);
+STATIC_ASSERT(bdigit_dbl_signed_signedness, 0 > (BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)-1);
+STATIC_ASSERT(rbignum_embed_len_max, BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX <= (BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK >> BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT));
+
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT < SIZEOF_LONG
+STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_long_and_sizeof_bdigit, SIZEOF_LONG % SIZEOF_BDIGIT == 0);
+#else
+STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof_long_and_sizeof_bdigit, SIZEOF_BDIGIT % SIZEOF_LONG == 0);
+#endif
 
-#if defined __MINGW32__
-#define USHORT _USHORT
+#ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
+#   define HOST_BIGENDIAN_P 1
+#else
+#   define HOST_BIGENDIAN_P 0
 #endif
+/* (!LSHIFTABLE(d, n) ? 0 : (n)) is same as n but suppress a warning, C4293, by Visual Studio.  */
+#define LSHIFTABLE(d, n) ((n) < sizeof(d) * CHAR_BIT)
+#define LSHIFTX(d, n) (!LSHIFTABLE(d, n) ? 0 : ((d) << (!LSHIFTABLE(d, n) ? 0 : (n))))
+#define CLEAR_LOWBITS(d, numbits) ((d) & LSHIFTX(~((d)*0), (numbits)))
+#define FILL_LOWBITS(d, numbits) ((d) | (LSHIFTX(((d)*0+1), (numbits))-1))
+#define POW2_P(x) (((x)&((x)-1))==0)
 
-#define BDIGITS(x) (RBIGNUM_DIGITS(x))
-#define BITSPERDIG (SIZEOF_BDIGITS*CHAR_BIT)
+#define BDIGITS(x) (BIGNUM_DIGITS(x))
+#define BITSPERDIG (SIZEOF_BDIGIT*CHAR_BIT)
 #define BIGRAD ((BDIGIT_DBL)1 << BITSPERDIG)
 #define BIGRAD_HALF ((BDIGIT)(BIGRAD >> 1))
-#define DIGSPERLONG (SIZEOF_LONG/SIZEOF_BDIGITS)
-#if HAVE_LONG_LONG
-# define DIGSPERLL (SIZEOF_LONG_LONG/SIZEOF_BDIGITS)
-#endif
-#define BIGUP(x) ((BDIGIT_DBL)(x) << BITSPERDIG)
+#define BDIGIT_MSB(d) (((d) & BIGRAD_HALF) != 0)
+#define BIGUP(x) LSHIFTX(((x) + (BDIGIT_DBL)0), BITSPERDIG)
 #define BIGDN(x) RSHIFT((x),BITSPERDIG)
-#define BIGLO(x) ((BDIGIT)((x) & (BIGRAD-1)))
-#define BDIGMAX ((BDIGIT)-1)
+#define BIGLO(x) ((BDIGIT)((x) & BDIGMAX))
+#define BDIGMAX ((BDIGIT)(BIGRAD-1))
+#define BDIGIT_DBL_MAX (~(BDIGIT_DBL)0)
+
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT == 2
+#   define swap_bdigit(x) swap16(x)
+#elif SIZEOF_BDIGIT == 4
+#   define swap_bdigit(x) swap32(x)
+#elif SIZEOF_BDIGIT == 8
+#   define swap_bdigit(x) swap64(x)
+#endif
 
-#define BIGZEROP(x) (RBIGNUM_LEN(x) == 0 || \
+#define BIGZEROP(x) (BIGNUM_LEN(x) == 0 || \
 		     (BDIGITS(x)[0] == 0 && \
-		      (RBIGNUM_LEN(x) == 1 || bigzero_p(x))))
+		      (BIGNUM_LEN(x) == 1 || bigzero_p(x))))
+#define BIGSIZE(x) (BIGNUM_LEN(x) == 0 ? (size_t)0 : \
+    BDIGITS(x)[BIGNUM_LEN(x)-1] ? \
+        (size_t)(BIGNUM_LEN(x)*SIZEOF_BDIGIT - nlz(BDIGITS(x)[BIGNUM_LEN(x)-1])/CHAR_BIT) : \
+    rb_absint_size(x, NULL))
+
+#define BIGDIVREM_EXTRA_WORDS 1
+#define bdigit_roomof(n) roomof(n, SIZEOF_BDIGIT)
+#define BARY_ARGS(ary) ary, numberof(ary)
+
+#define BARY_ADD(z, x, y) bary_add(BARY_ARGS(z), BARY_ARGS(x), BARY_ARGS(y))
+#define BARY_SUB(z, x, y) bary_sub(BARY_ARGS(z), BARY_ARGS(x), BARY_ARGS(y))
+#define BARY_SHORT_MUL(z, x, y) bary_short_mul(BARY_ARGS(z), BARY_ARGS(x), BARY_ARGS(y))
+#define BARY_DIVMOD(q, r, x, y) bary_divmod(BARY_ARGS(q), BARY_ARGS(r), BARY_ARGS(x), BARY_ARGS(y))
+#define BARY_ZERO_P(x) bary_zero_p(BARY_ARGS(x))
+
+#define BIGNUM_SET_NEGATIVE_SIGN(b) BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(b, 0)
+#define BIGNUM_SET_POSITIVE_SIGN(b) BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(b, 1)
+
+#define bignew(len,sign) bignew_1(rb_cInteger,(len),(sign))
+
+#define BDIGITS_ZERO(ptr, n) do { \
+  BDIGIT *bdigitz_zero_ptr = (ptr); \
+  size_t bdigitz_zero_n = (n); \
+  while (bdigitz_zero_n) { \
+    *bdigitz_zero_ptr++ = 0; \
+    bdigitz_zero_n--; \
+  } \
+} while (0)
+
+#define BARY_TRUNC(ds, n) do { \
+        while (0 < (n) && (ds)[(n)-1] == 0) \
+            (n)--; \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define KARATSUBA_BALANCED(xn, yn) ((yn)/2 < (xn))
+#define TOOM3_BALANCED(xn, yn) (((yn)+2)/3 * 2 < (xn))
+
+#define GMP_MUL_DIGITS 20
+#define KARATSUBA_MUL_DIGITS 70
+#define TOOM3_MUL_DIGITS 150
+
+#define GMP_DIV_DIGITS 20
+#define GMP_BIG2STR_DIGITS 20
+#define GMP_STR2BIG_DIGITS 20
+#ifdef USE_GMP
+# define NAIVE_MUL_DIGITS GMP_MUL_DIGITS
+#else
+# define NAIVE_MUL_DIGITS KARATSUBA_MUL_DIGITS
+#endif
+
+typedef void (mulfunc_t)(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn, BDIGIT *wds, size_t wn);
+
+static mulfunc_t bary_mul_toom3_start;
+static mulfunc_t bary_mul_karatsuba_start;
+static BDIGIT bigdivrem_single(BDIGIT *qds, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, BDIGIT y);
+static void bary_divmod(BDIGIT *qds, size_t qn, BDIGIT *rds, size_t rn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn);
+
+static VALUE bigmul0(VALUE x, VALUE y);
+static void bary_mul_toom3(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn, BDIGIT *wds, size_t wn);
+static VALUE bignew_1(VALUE klass, size_t len, int sign);
+static inline VALUE bigtrunc(VALUE x);
+
+static VALUE bigsq(VALUE x);
+static void bigdivmod(VALUE x, VALUE y, volatile VALUE *divp, volatile VALUE *modp);
+static inline VALUE power_cache_get_power(int base, int power_level, size_t *numdigits_ret);
+
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT <= SIZEOF_INT
+static int nlz(BDIGIT x) { return nlz_int((unsigned int)x) - (SIZEOF_INT-SIZEOF_BDIGIT) * CHAR_BIT; }
+#elif SIZEOF_BDIGIT <= SIZEOF_LONG
+static int nlz(BDIGIT x) { return nlz_long((unsigned long)x) - (SIZEOF_LONG-SIZEOF_BDIGIT) * CHAR_BIT; }
+#elif SIZEOF_BDIGIT <= SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+static int nlz(BDIGIT x) { return nlz_long_long((unsigned LONG_LONG)x) - (SIZEOF_LONG_LONG-SIZEOF_BDIGIT) * CHAR_BIT; }
+#elif SIZEOF_BDIGIT <= SIZEOF_INT128_T
+static int nlz(BDIGIT x) { return nlz_int128((uint128_t)x) - (SIZEOF_INT128_T-SIZEOF_BDIGIT) * CHAR_BIT; }
+#endif
+
+#define U16(a) ((uint16_t)(a))
+#define U32(a) ((uint32_t)(a))
+#ifdef HAVE_UINT64_T
+#define U64(a,b) (((uint64_t)(a) << 32) | (b))
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_UINT128_T
+#define U128(a,b,c,d) (((uint128_t)U64(a,b) << 64) | U64(c,d))
+#endif
+
+/* The following script, maxpow.rb, generates the tables follows.
+
+def big(n, bits)
+  ns = []
+  ((bits+31)/32).times {
+    ns << sprintf("0x%08x", n & 0xffff_ffff)
+    n >>= 32
+  }
+  "U#{bits}(" + ns.reverse.join(",") + ")"
+end
+def values(ary, width, indent)
+  lines = [""]
+  ary.each {|e|
+    lines << "" if !ary.last.empty? && width < (lines.last + e + ", ").length
+    lines.last << e + ", "
+  }
+  lines.map {|line| " " * indent + line.chomp(" ") + "\n" }.join
+end
+[16,32,64,128].each {|bits|
+  max = 2**bits-1
+  exps = []
+  nums = []
+  2.upto(36) {|base|
+    exp = 0
+    n = 1
+    while n * base <= max
+      exp += 1
+      n *= base
+    end
+    exps << exp.to_s
+    nums << big(n, bits)
+  }
+  puts "#ifdef HAVE_UINT#{bits}_T"
+  puts "static const int maxpow#{bits}_exp[35] = {"
+  print values(exps, 70, 4)
+  puts "};"
+  puts "static const uint#{bits}_t maxpow#{bits}_num[35] = {"
+  print values(nums, 70, 4)
+  puts "};"
+  puts "#endif"
+}
+
+ */
+
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL == 2
+static const int maxpow16_exp[35] = {
+    15, 10, 7, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
+};
+static const uint16_t maxpow16_num[35] = {
+    U16(0x00008000), U16(0x0000e6a9), U16(0x00004000), U16(0x00003d09),
+    U16(0x0000b640), U16(0x000041a7), U16(0x00008000), U16(0x0000e6a9),
+    U16(0x00002710), U16(0x00003931), U16(0x00005100), U16(0x00006f91),
+    U16(0x00009610), U16(0x0000c5c1), U16(0x00001000), U16(0x00001331),
+    U16(0x000016c8), U16(0x00001acb), U16(0x00001f40), U16(0x0000242d),
+    U16(0x00002998), U16(0x00002f87), U16(0x00003600), U16(0x00003d09),
+    U16(0x000044a8), U16(0x00004ce3), U16(0x000055c0), U16(0x00005f45),
+    U16(0x00006978), U16(0x0000745f), U16(0x00008000), U16(0x00008c61),
+    U16(0x00009988), U16(0x0000a77b), U16(0x0000b640),
+};
+#elif SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL == 4
+static const int maxpow32_exp[35] = {
+    31, 20, 15, 13, 12, 11, 10, 10, 9, 9, 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,
+    7, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,
+};
+static const uint32_t maxpow32_num[35] = {
+    U32(0x80000000), U32(0xcfd41b91), U32(0x40000000), U32(0x48c27395),
+    U32(0x81bf1000), U32(0x75db9c97), U32(0x40000000), U32(0xcfd41b91),
+    U32(0x3b9aca00), U32(0x8c8b6d2b), U32(0x19a10000), U32(0x309f1021),
+    U32(0x57f6c100), U32(0x98c29b81), U32(0x10000000), U32(0x18754571),
+    U32(0x247dbc80), U32(0x3547667b), U32(0x4c4b4000), U32(0x6b5a6e1d),
+    U32(0x94ace180), U32(0xcaf18367), U32(0x0b640000), U32(0x0e8d4a51),
+    U32(0x1269ae40), U32(0x17179149), U32(0x1cb91000), U32(0x23744899),
+    U32(0x2b73a840), U32(0x34e63b41), U32(0x40000000), U32(0x4cfa3cc1),
+    U32(0x5c13d840), U32(0x6d91b519), U32(0x81bf1000),
+};
+#elif SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL == 8 && defined HAVE_UINT64_T
+static const int maxpow64_exp[35] = {
+    63, 40, 31, 27, 24, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 17, 16, 16, 15, 15, 15,
+    15, 14, 14, 14, 14, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12,
+    12,
+};
+static const uint64_t maxpow64_num[35] = {
+    U64(0x80000000,0x00000000), U64(0xa8b8b452,0x291fe821),
+    U64(0x40000000,0x00000000), U64(0x6765c793,0xfa10079d),
+    U64(0x41c21cb8,0xe1000000), U64(0x36427987,0x50226111),
+    U64(0x80000000,0x00000000), U64(0xa8b8b452,0x291fe821),
+    U64(0x8ac72304,0x89e80000), U64(0x4d28cb56,0xc33fa539),
+    U64(0x1eca170c,0x00000000), U64(0x780c7372,0x621bd74d),
+    U64(0x1e39a505,0x7d810000), U64(0x5b27ac99,0x3df97701),
+    U64(0x10000000,0x00000000), U64(0x27b95e99,0x7e21d9f1),
+    U64(0x5da0e1e5,0x3c5c8000), U64(0xd2ae3299,0xc1c4aedb),
+    U64(0x16bcc41e,0x90000000), U64(0x2d04b7fd,0xd9c0ef49),
+    U64(0x5658597b,0xcaa24000), U64(0xa0e20737,0x37609371),
+    U64(0x0c29e980,0x00000000), U64(0x14adf4b7,0x320334b9),
+    U64(0x226ed364,0x78bfa000), U64(0x383d9170,0xb85ff80b),
+    U64(0x5a3c23e3,0x9c000000), U64(0x8e651373,0x88122bcd),
+    U64(0xdd41bb36,0xd259e000), U64(0x0aee5720,0xee830681),
+    U64(0x10000000,0x00000000), U64(0x172588ad,0x4f5f0981),
+    U64(0x211e44f7,0xd02c1000), U64(0x2ee56725,0xf06e5c71),
+    U64(0x41c21cb8,0xe1000000),
+};
+#elif SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL == 16 && defined HAVE_UINT128_T
+static const int maxpow128_exp[35] = {
+    127, 80, 63, 55, 49, 45, 42, 40, 38, 37, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 31, 30,
+    30, 29, 29, 28, 28, 27, 27, 27, 26, 26, 26, 26, 25, 25, 25, 25, 24,
+    24,
+};
+static const uint128_t maxpow128_num[35] = {
+    U128(0x80000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000),
+    U128(0x6f32f1ef,0x8b18a2bc,0x3cea5978,0x9c79d441),
+    U128(0x40000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000),
+    U128(0xd0cf4b50,0xcfe20765,0xfff4b4e3,0xf741cf6d),
+    U128(0x6558e2a0,0x921fe069,0x42860000,0x00000000),
+    U128(0x5080c7b7,0xd0e31ba7,0x5911a67d,0xdd3d35e7),
+    U128(0x40000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000),
+    U128(0x6f32f1ef,0x8b18a2bc,0x3cea5978,0x9c79d441),
+    U128(0x4b3b4ca8,0x5a86c47a,0x098a2240,0x00000000),
+    U128(0xffd1390a,0x0adc2fb8,0xdabbb817,0x4d95c99b),
+    U128(0x2c6fdb36,0x4c25e6c0,0x00000000,0x00000000),
+    U128(0x384bacd6,0x42c343b4,0xe90c4272,0x13506d29),
+    U128(0x31f5db32,0xa34aced6,0x0bf13a0e,0x00000000),
+    U128(0x20753ada,0xfd1e839f,0x53686d01,0x3143ee01),
+    U128(0x10000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000),
+    U128(0x68ca11d6,0xb4f6d1d1,0xfaa82667,0x8073c2f1),
+    U128(0x223e493b,0xb3bb69ff,0xa4b87d6c,0x40000000),
+    U128(0xad62418d,0x14ea8247,0x01c4b488,0x6cc66f59),
+    U128(0x2863c1f5,0xcdae42f9,0x54000000,0x00000000),
+    U128(0xa63fd833,0xb9386b07,0x36039e82,0xbe651b25),
+    U128(0x1d1f7a9c,0xd087a14d,0x28cdf3d5,0x10000000),
+    U128(0x651b5095,0xc2ea8fc1,0xb30e2c57,0x77aaf7e1),
+    U128(0x0ddef20e,0xff760000,0x00000000,0x00000000),
+    U128(0x29c30f10,0x29939b14,0x6664242d,0x97d9f649),
+    U128(0x786a435a,0xe9558b0e,0x6aaf6d63,0xa8000000),
+    U128(0x0c5afe6f,0xf302bcbf,0x94fd9829,0xd87f5079),
+    U128(0x1fce575c,0xe1692706,0x07100000,0x00000000),
+    U128(0x4f34497c,0x8597e144,0x36e91802,0x00528229),
+    U128(0xbf3a8e1d,0x41ef2170,0x7802130d,0x84000000),
+    U128(0x0e7819e1,0x7f1eb0fb,0x6ee4fb89,0x01d9531f),
+    U128(0x20000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000),
+    U128(0x4510460d,0xd9e879c0,0x14a82375,0x2f22b321),
+    U128(0x91abce3c,0x4b4117ad,0xe76d35db,0x22000000),
+    U128(0x08973ea3,0x55d75bc2,0x2e42c391,0x727d69e1),
+    U128(0x10e425c5,0x6daffabc,0x35c10000,0x00000000),
+};
+#endif
+
+static BDIGIT_DBL
+maxpow_in_bdigit_dbl(int base, int *exp_ret)
+{
+    BDIGIT_DBL maxpow;
+    int exponent;
+
+    assert(2 <= base && base <= 36);
+
+    {
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL == 2
+        maxpow = maxpow16_num[base-2];
+        exponent = maxpow16_exp[base-2];
+#elif SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL == 4
+        maxpow = maxpow32_num[base-2];
+        exponent = maxpow32_exp[base-2];
+#elif SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL == 8 && defined HAVE_UINT64_T
+        maxpow = maxpow64_num[base-2];
+        exponent = maxpow64_exp[base-2];
+#elif SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL == 16 && defined HAVE_UINT128_T
+        maxpow = maxpow128_num[base-2];
+        exponent = maxpow128_exp[base-2];
+#else
+        maxpow = base;
+        exponent = 1;
+        while (maxpow <= BDIGIT_DBL_MAX / base) {
+            maxpow *= base;
+            exponent++;
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    *exp_ret = exponent;
+    return maxpow;
+}
+
+static inline BDIGIT_DBL
+bary2bdigitdbl(const BDIGIT *ds, size_t n)
+{
+    assert(n <= 2);
+
+    if (n == 2)
+        return ds[0] | BIGUP(ds[1]);
+    if (n == 1)
+        return ds[0];
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void
+bdigitdbl2bary(BDIGIT *ds, size_t n, BDIGIT_DBL num)
+{
+    assert(n == 2);
+
+    ds[0] = BIGLO(num);
+    ds[1] = (BDIGIT)BIGDN(num);
+}
+
+static int
+bary_cmp(const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
+{
+    size_t i;
+    BARY_TRUNC(xds, xn);
+    BARY_TRUNC(yds, yn);
+
+    if (xn < yn)
+        return -1;
+    if (xn > yn)
+        return 1;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < xn; i++)
+        if (xds[xn - i - 1] != yds[yn - i - 1])
+            break;
+    if (i == xn)
+        return 0;
+    return xds[xn - i - 1] < yds[yn - i - 1] ? -1 : 1;
+}
+
+static BDIGIT
+bary_small_lshift(BDIGIT *zds, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t n, int shift)
+{
+    size_t i;
+    BDIGIT_DBL num = 0;
+    assert(0 <= shift && shift < BITSPERDIG);
+
+    for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
+	num = num | (BDIGIT_DBL)*xds++ << shift;
+	*zds++ = BIGLO(num);
+	num = BIGDN(num);
+    }
+    return BIGLO(num);
+}
 
-#define BIGNUM_DEBUG 0
-#if BIGNUM_DEBUG
-#define ON_DEBUG(x) do { x; } while (0)
 static void
-dump_bignum(VALUE x)
+bary_small_rshift(BDIGIT *zds, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t n, int shift, BDIGIT higher_bdigit)
 {
-    long i;
-    printf("%c0x0", RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) ? '+' : '-');
-    for (i = RBIGNUM_LEN(x); i--; ) {
-	printf("_%08"PRIxBDIGIT, BDIGITS(x)[i]);
+    size_t i;
+    BDIGIT_DBL num = 0;
+
+    assert(0 <= shift && shift < BITSPERDIG);
+
+    num = BIGUP(higher_bdigit);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        BDIGIT x = xds[n - i - 1];
+	num = (num | x) >> shift;
+        zds[n - i - 1] = BIGLO(num);
+	num = BIGUP(x);
     }
-    printf(", len=%lu", RBIGNUM_LEN(x));
-    puts("");
 }
 
-static VALUE
-rb_big_dump(VALUE x)
+static int
+bary_zero_p(const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn)
 {
-    dump_bignum(x);
-    return x;
+    if (xn == 0)
+        return 1;
+    do {
+	if (xds[--xn]) return 0;
+    } while (xn);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static void
+bary_neg(BDIGIT *ds, size_t n)
+{
+    size_t i;
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+        ds[n - i - 1] = BIGLO(~ds[n - i - 1]);
+}
+
+static int
+bary_2comp(BDIGIT *ds, size_t n)
+{
+    size_t i;
+    i = 0;
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        if (ds[i] != 0) {
+            goto non_zero;
+        }
+    }
+    return 1;
+
+  non_zero:
+    ds[i] = BIGLO(~ds[i] + 1);
+    i++;
+    for (; i < n; i++) {
+        ds[i] = BIGLO(~ds[i]);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+bary_swap(BDIGIT *ds, size_t num_bdigits)
+{
+    BDIGIT *p1 = ds;
+    BDIGIT *p2 = ds + num_bdigits - 1;
+    for (; p1 < p2; p1++, p2--) {
+        BDIGIT tmp = *p1;
+        *p1 = *p2;
+        *p2 = tmp;
+    }
+}
+
+#define INTEGER_PACK_WORDORDER_MASK \
+    (INTEGER_PACK_MSWORD_FIRST | \
+     INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST)
+#define INTEGER_PACK_BYTEORDER_MASK \
+    (INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST | \
+     INTEGER_PACK_LSBYTE_FIRST | \
+     INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER)
+
+static void
+validate_integer_pack_format(size_t numwords, size_t wordsize, size_t nails, int flags, int supported_flags)
+{
+    int wordorder_bits = flags & INTEGER_PACK_WORDORDER_MASK;
+    int byteorder_bits = flags & INTEGER_PACK_BYTEORDER_MASK;
+
+    if (flags & ~supported_flags) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unsupported flags specified");
+    }
+    if (wordorder_bits == 0) {
+        if (1 < numwords)
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "word order not specified");
+    }
+    else if (wordorder_bits != INTEGER_PACK_MSWORD_FIRST &&
+        wordorder_bits != INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST)
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unexpected word order");
+    if (byteorder_bits == 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "byte order not specified");
+    }
+    else if (byteorder_bits != INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST &&
+        byteorder_bits != INTEGER_PACK_LSBYTE_FIRST &&
+        byteorder_bits != INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER)
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unexpected byte order");
+    if (wordsize == 0)
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid wordsize: %"PRI_SIZE_PREFIX"u", wordsize);
+    if (SSIZE_MAX < wordsize)
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too big wordsize: %"PRI_SIZE_PREFIX"u", wordsize);
+    if (wordsize <= nails / CHAR_BIT)
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too big nails: %"PRI_SIZE_PREFIX"u", nails);
+    if (SIZE_MAX / wordsize < numwords)
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too big numwords * wordsize: %"PRI_SIZE_PREFIX"u * %"PRI_SIZE_PREFIX"u", numwords, wordsize);
 }
+
+static void
+integer_pack_loop_setup(
+    size_t numwords, size_t wordsize, size_t nails, int flags,
+    size_t *word_num_fullbytes_ret,
+    int *word_num_partialbits_ret,
+    size_t *word_start_ret,
+    ssize_t *word_step_ret,
+    size_t *word_last_ret,
+    size_t *byte_start_ret,
+    int *byte_step_ret)
+{
+    int wordorder_bits = flags & INTEGER_PACK_WORDORDER_MASK;
+    int byteorder_bits = flags & INTEGER_PACK_BYTEORDER_MASK;
+    size_t word_num_fullbytes;
+    int word_num_partialbits;
+    size_t word_start;
+    ssize_t word_step;
+    size_t word_last;
+    size_t byte_start;
+    int byte_step;
+
+    word_num_partialbits = CHAR_BIT - (int)(nails % CHAR_BIT);
+    if (word_num_partialbits == CHAR_BIT)
+        word_num_partialbits = 0;
+    word_num_fullbytes = wordsize - (nails / CHAR_BIT);
+    if (word_num_partialbits != 0) {
+        word_num_fullbytes--;
+    }
+
+    if (wordorder_bits == INTEGER_PACK_MSWORD_FIRST) {
+        word_start = wordsize*(numwords-1);
+        word_step = -(ssize_t)wordsize;
+        word_last = 0;
+    }
+    else {
+        word_start = 0;
+        word_step = wordsize;
+        word_last = wordsize*(numwords-1);
+    }
+
+    if (byteorder_bits == INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER) {
+#ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
+        byteorder_bits = INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST;
 #else
-#define ON_DEBUG(x)
+        byteorder_bits = INTEGER_PACK_LSBYTE_FIRST;
+#endif
+    }
+    if (byteorder_bits == INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST) {
+        byte_start = wordsize-1;
+        byte_step = -1;
+    }
+    else {
+        byte_start = 0;
+        byte_step = 1;
+    }
+
+    *word_num_partialbits_ret = word_num_partialbits;
+    *word_num_fullbytes_ret = word_num_fullbytes;
+    *word_start_ret = word_start;
+    *word_step_ret = word_step;
+    *word_last_ret = word_last;
+    *byte_start_ret = byte_start;
+    *byte_step_ret = byte_step;
+}
+
+static inline void
+integer_pack_fill_dd(BDIGIT **dpp, BDIGIT **dep, BDIGIT_DBL *ddp, int *numbits_in_dd_p)
+{
+    if (*dpp < *dep && BITSPERDIG <= (int)sizeof(*ddp) * CHAR_BIT - *numbits_in_dd_p) {
+        *ddp |= (BDIGIT_DBL)(*(*dpp)++) << *numbits_in_dd_p;
+        *numbits_in_dd_p += BITSPERDIG;
+    }
+    else if (*dpp == *dep) {
+        /* higher bits are infinity zeros */
+        *numbits_in_dd_p = (int)sizeof(*ddp) * CHAR_BIT;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline BDIGIT_DBL
+integer_pack_take_lowbits(int n, BDIGIT_DBL *ddp, int *numbits_in_dd_p)
+{
+    BDIGIT_DBL ret;
+    ret = (*ddp) & (((BDIGIT_DBL)1 << n) - 1);
+    *ddp >>= n;
+    *numbits_in_dd_p -= n;
+    return ret;
+}
+
+#if !defined(WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
+static int
+bytes_2comp(unsigned char *buf, size_t len)
+{
+    size_t i;
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        signed char c = buf[i];
+        signed int d = ~c;
+        unsigned int e = d & 0xFF;
+        buf[i] = e;
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        buf[i]++;
+        if (buf[i] != 0)
+            return 0;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
 #endif
 
 static int
-bigzero_p(VALUE x)
+bary_pack(int sign, BDIGIT *ds, size_t num_bdigits, void *words, size_t numwords, size_t wordsize, size_t nails, int flags)
 {
-    long i;
-    BDIGIT *ds = BDIGITS(x);
+    BDIGIT *dp, *de;
+    unsigned char *buf, *bufend;
+
+    dp = ds;
+    de = ds + num_bdigits;
+
+    validate_integer_pack_format(numwords, wordsize, nails, flags,
+            INTEGER_PACK_MSWORD_FIRST|
+            INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST|
+            INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST|
+            INTEGER_PACK_LSBYTE_FIRST|
+            INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER|
+            INTEGER_PACK_2COMP|
+            INTEGER_PACK_FORCE_GENERIC_IMPLEMENTATION);
+
+    while (dp < de && de[-1] == 0)
+        de--;
+    if (dp == de) {
+        sign = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (!(flags & INTEGER_PACK_FORCE_GENERIC_IMPLEMENTATION)) {
+        if (sign == 0) {
+            MEMZERO(words, unsigned char, numwords * wordsize);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if (nails == 0 && numwords == 1) {
+            int need_swap = wordsize != 1 &&
+                (flags & INTEGER_PACK_BYTEORDER_MASK) != INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER &&
+                ((flags & INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST) ? !HOST_BIGENDIAN_P : HOST_BIGENDIAN_P);
+            if (0 < sign || !(flags & INTEGER_PACK_2COMP)) {
+                BDIGIT d;
+                if (wordsize == 1) {
+                    *((unsigned char *)words) = (unsigned char)(d = dp[0]);
+                    return ((1 < de - dp || CLEAR_LOWBITS(d, 8) != 0) ? 2 : 1) * sign;
+                }
+#if defined(HAVE_UINT16_T) && 2 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
+                if (wordsize == 2 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(uint16_t) == 0) {
+                    uint16_t u = (uint16_t)(d = dp[0]);
+                    if (need_swap) u = swap16(u);
+                    *((uint16_t *)words) = u;
+                    return ((1 < de - dp || CLEAR_LOWBITS(d, 16) != 0) ? 2 : 1) * sign;
+                }
+#endif
+#if defined(HAVE_UINT32_T) && 4 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
+                if (wordsize == 4 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(uint32_t) == 0) {
+                    uint32_t u = (uint32_t)(d = dp[0]);
+                    if (need_swap) u = swap32(u);
+                    *((uint32_t *)words) = u;
+                    return ((1 < de - dp || CLEAR_LOWBITS(d, 32) != 0) ? 2 : 1) * sign;
+                }
+#endif
+#if defined(HAVE_UINT64_T) && 8 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
+                if (wordsize == 8 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(uint64_t) == 0) {
+                    uint64_t u = (uint64_t)(d = dp[0]);
+                    if (need_swap) u = swap64(u);
+                    *((uint64_t *)words) = u;
+                    return ((1 < de - dp || CLEAR_LOWBITS(d, 64) != 0) ? 2 : 1) * sign;
+                }
+#endif
+            }
+            else { /* sign < 0 && (flags & INTEGER_PACK_2COMP) */
+                BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED d;
+                if (wordsize == 1) {
+                    *((unsigned char *)words) = (unsigned char)(d = -(BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)dp[0]);
+                    return (1 < de - dp || FILL_LOWBITS(d, 8) != -1) ? -2 : -1;
+                }
+#if defined(HAVE_UINT16_T) && 2 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
+                if (wordsize == 2 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(uint16_t) == 0) {
+                    uint16_t u = (uint16_t)(d = -(BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)dp[0]);
+                    if (need_swap) u = swap16(u);
+                    *((uint16_t *)words) = u;
+                    return (wordsize == SIZEOF_BDIGIT && de - dp == 2 && dp[1] == 1 && dp[0] == 0) ? -1 :
+                        (1 < de - dp || FILL_LOWBITS(d, 16) != -1) ? -2 : -1;
+                }
+#endif
+#if defined(HAVE_UINT32_T) && 4 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
+                if (wordsize == 4 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(uint32_t) == 0) {
+                    uint32_t u = (uint32_t)(d = -(BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)dp[0]);
+                    if (need_swap) u = swap32(u);
+                    *((uint32_t *)words) = u;
+                    return (wordsize == SIZEOF_BDIGIT && de - dp == 2 && dp[1] == 1 && dp[0] == 0) ? -1 :
+                        (1 < de - dp || FILL_LOWBITS(d, 32) != -1) ? -2 : -1;
+                }
+#endif
+#if defined(HAVE_UINT64_T) && 8 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
+                if (wordsize == 8 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(uint64_t) == 0) {
+                    uint64_t u = (uint64_t)(d = -(BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)dp[0]);
+                    if (need_swap) u = swap64(u);
+                    *((uint64_t *)words) = u;
+                    return (wordsize == SIZEOF_BDIGIT && de - dp == 2 && dp[1] == 1 && dp[0] == 0) ? -1 :
+                        (1 < de - dp || FILL_LOWBITS(d, 64) != -1) ? -2 : -1;
+                }
+#endif
+            }
+        }
+#if !defined(WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
+        if (nails == 0 && SIZEOF_BDIGIT == sizeof(BDIGIT) &&
+            (flags & INTEGER_PACK_WORDORDER_MASK) == INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST &&
+            (flags & INTEGER_PACK_BYTEORDER_MASK) != INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST) {
+            size_t src_size = (de - dp) * SIZEOF_BDIGIT;
+            size_t dst_size = numwords * wordsize;
+            int overflow = 0;
+            while (0 < src_size && ((unsigned char *)ds)[src_size-1] == 0)
+                src_size--;
+            if (src_size <= dst_size) {
+                MEMCPY(words, dp, char, src_size);
+                MEMZERO((char*)words + src_size, char, dst_size - src_size);
+            }
+            else {
+                MEMCPY(words, dp, char, dst_size);
+                overflow = 1;
+            }
+            if (sign < 0 && (flags & INTEGER_PACK_2COMP)) {
+                int zero_p = bytes_2comp(words, dst_size);
+                if (zero_p && overflow) {
+                    unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)dp;
+                    if (dst_size == src_size-1 &&
+                        p[dst_size] == 1) {
+                        overflow = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (overflow)
+                sign *= 2;
+            return sign;
+        }
+#endif
+        if (nails == 0 && SIZEOF_BDIGIT == sizeof(BDIGIT) &&
+            wordsize % SIZEOF_BDIGIT == 0 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(BDIGIT) == 0) {
+            size_t bdigits_per_word = wordsize / SIZEOF_BDIGIT;
+            size_t src_num_bdigits = de - dp;
+            size_t dst_num_bdigits = numwords * bdigits_per_word;
+            int overflow = 0;
+            int mswordfirst_p = (flags & INTEGER_PACK_MSWORD_FIRST) != 0;
+            int msbytefirst_p = (flags & INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER) ? HOST_BIGENDIAN_P :
+                (flags & INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST) != 0;
+            if (src_num_bdigits <= dst_num_bdigits) {
+                MEMCPY(words, dp, BDIGIT, src_num_bdigits);
+                BDIGITS_ZERO((BDIGIT*)words + src_num_bdigits, dst_num_bdigits - src_num_bdigits);
+            }
+            else {
+                MEMCPY(words, dp, BDIGIT, dst_num_bdigits);
+                overflow = 1;
+            }
+            if (sign < 0 && (flags & INTEGER_PACK_2COMP)) {
+                int zero_p = bary_2comp(words, dst_num_bdigits);
+                if (zero_p && overflow &&
+                    dst_num_bdigits == src_num_bdigits-1 &&
+                    dp[dst_num_bdigits] == 1)
+                    overflow = 0;
+            }
+            if (msbytefirst_p != HOST_BIGENDIAN_P) {
+                size_t i;
+                for (i = 0; i < dst_num_bdigits; i++) {
+                    BDIGIT d = ((BDIGIT*)words)[i];
+                    ((BDIGIT*)words)[i] = swap_bdigit(d);
+                }
+            }
+            if (mswordfirst_p ? !msbytefirst_p : msbytefirst_p) {
+                size_t i;
+                BDIGIT *p = words;
+                for (i = 0; i < numwords; i++) {
+                    bary_swap(p, bdigits_per_word);
+                    p += bdigits_per_word;
+                }
+            }
+            if (mswordfirst_p) {
+                bary_swap(words, dst_num_bdigits);
+            }
+            if (overflow)
+                sign *= 2;
+            return sign;
+        }
+    }
+
+    buf = words;
+    bufend = buf + numwords * wordsize;
+
+    if (buf == bufend) {
+        /* overflow if non-zero*/
+        if (!(flags & INTEGER_PACK_2COMP) || 0 <= sign)
+            sign *= 2;
+        else {
+            if (de - dp == 1 && dp[0] == 1)
+                sign = -1; /* val == -1 == -2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails)) */
+            else
+                sign = -2; /* val < -1 == -2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails)) */
+        }
+    }
+    else if (dp == de) {
+        memset(buf, '\0', bufend - buf);
+    }
+    else if (dp < de && buf < bufend) {
+        int word_num_partialbits;
+        size_t word_num_fullbytes;
+
+        ssize_t word_step;
+        size_t byte_start;
+        int byte_step;
+
+        size_t word_start, word_last;
+        unsigned char *wordp, *last_wordp;
+        BDIGIT_DBL dd;
+        int numbits_in_dd;
+
+        integer_pack_loop_setup(numwords, wordsize, nails, flags,
+            &word_num_fullbytes, &word_num_partialbits,
+            &word_start, &word_step, &word_last, &byte_start, &byte_step);
+
+        wordp = buf + word_start;
+        last_wordp = buf + word_last;
+
+        dd = 0;
+        numbits_in_dd = 0;
+
+#define FILL_DD \
+    integer_pack_fill_dd(&dp, &de, &dd, &numbits_in_dd)
+#define TAKE_LOWBITS(n) \
+    integer_pack_take_lowbits(n, &dd, &numbits_in_dd)
+
+        while (1) {
+            size_t index_in_word = 0;
+            unsigned char *bytep = wordp + byte_start;
+            while (index_in_word < word_num_fullbytes) {
+                FILL_DD;
+                *bytep = TAKE_LOWBITS(CHAR_BIT);
+                bytep += byte_step;
+                index_in_word++;
+            }
+            if (word_num_partialbits) {
+                FILL_DD;
+                *bytep = TAKE_LOWBITS(word_num_partialbits);
+                bytep += byte_step;
+                index_in_word++;
+            }
+            while (index_in_word < wordsize) {
+                *bytep = 0;
+                bytep += byte_step;
+                index_in_word++;
+            }
+
+            if (wordp == last_wordp)
+                break;
+
+            wordp += word_step;
+        }
+        FILL_DD;
+        /* overflow tests */
+        if (dp != de || 1 < dd) {
+            /* 2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails)+1) <= abs(val) */
+            sign *= 2;
+        }
+        else if (dd == 1) {
+            /* 2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails)) <= abs(val) < 2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails)+1) */
+            if (!(flags & INTEGER_PACK_2COMP) || 0 <= sign)
+                sign *= 2;
+            else { /* overflow_2comp && sign == -1 */
+                /* test lower bits are all zero. */
+                dp = ds;
+                while (dp < de && *dp == 0)
+                    dp++;
+                if (de - dp == 1 && /* only one non-zero word. */
+                    POW2_P(*dp)) /* *dp contains only one bit set. */
+                    sign = -1; /* val == -2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails)) */
+                else
+                    sign = -2; /* val < -2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails)) */
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ((flags & INTEGER_PACK_2COMP) && (sign < 0 && numwords != 0)) {
+        int word_num_partialbits;
+        size_t word_num_fullbytes;
+
+        ssize_t word_step;
+        size_t byte_start;
+        int byte_step;
+
+        size_t word_start, word_last;
+        unsigned char *wordp, *last_wordp;
+
+        unsigned int partialbits_mask;
+        int carry;
+
+        integer_pack_loop_setup(numwords, wordsize, nails, flags,
+            &word_num_fullbytes, &word_num_partialbits,
+            &word_start, &word_step, &word_last, &byte_start, &byte_step);
+
+        partialbits_mask = (1 << word_num_partialbits) - 1;
+
+        buf = words;
+        wordp = buf + word_start;
+        last_wordp = buf + word_last;
+
+        carry = 1;
+        while (1) {
+            size_t index_in_word = 0;
+            unsigned char *bytep = wordp + byte_start;
+            while (index_in_word < word_num_fullbytes) {
+                carry += (unsigned char)~*bytep;
+                *bytep = (unsigned char)carry;
+                carry >>= CHAR_BIT;
+                bytep += byte_step;
+                index_in_word++;
+            }
+            if (word_num_partialbits) {
+                carry += (*bytep & partialbits_mask) ^ partialbits_mask;
+                *bytep = carry & partialbits_mask;
+                carry >>= word_num_partialbits;
+                bytep += byte_step;
+                index_in_word++;
+            }
+
+            if (wordp == last_wordp)
+                break;
+
+            wordp += word_step;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return sign;
+#undef FILL_DD
+#undef TAKE_LOWBITS
+}
+
+static size_t
+integer_unpack_num_bdigits_small(size_t numwords, size_t wordsize, size_t nails, int *nlp_bits_ret)
+{
+    /* nlp_bits stands for number of leading padding bits */
+    size_t num_bits = (wordsize * CHAR_BIT - nails) * numwords;
+    size_t num_bdigits = (num_bits + BITSPERDIG - 1) / BITSPERDIG;
+    *nlp_bits_ret = (int)(num_bdigits * BITSPERDIG - num_bits);
+    return num_bdigits;
+}
+
+static size_t
+integer_unpack_num_bdigits_generic(size_t numwords, size_t wordsize, size_t nails, int *nlp_bits_ret)
+{
+    /* BITSPERDIG = SIZEOF_BDIGIT * CHAR_BIT */
+    /* num_bits = (wordsize * CHAR_BIT - nails) * numwords */
+    /* num_bdigits = (num_bits + BITSPERDIG - 1) / BITSPERDIG */
+
+    /* num_bits = CHAR_BIT * (wordsize * numwords) - nails * numwords = CHAR_BIT * num_bytes1 - nails * numwords */
+    size_t num_bytes1 = wordsize * numwords;
+
+    /* q1 * CHAR_BIT + r1 = numwords */
+    size_t q1 = numwords / CHAR_BIT;
+    size_t r1 = numwords % CHAR_BIT;
+
+    /* num_bits = CHAR_BIT * num_bytes1 - nails * (q1 * CHAR_BIT + r1) = CHAR_BIT * num_bytes2 - nails * r1 */
+    size_t num_bytes2 = num_bytes1 - nails * q1;
+
+    /* q2 * CHAR_BIT + r2 = nails */
+    size_t q2 = nails / CHAR_BIT;
+    size_t r2 = nails % CHAR_BIT;
+
+    /* num_bits = CHAR_BIT * num_bytes2 - (q2 * CHAR_BIT + r2) * r1 = CHAR_BIT * num_bytes3 - r1 * r2 */
+    size_t num_bytes3 = num_bytes2 - q2 * r1;
+
+    /* q3 * BITSPERDIG + r3 = num_bytes3 */
+    size_t q3 = num_bytes3 / BITSPERDIG;
+    size_t r3 = num_bytes3 % BITSPERDIG;
+
+    /* num_bits = CHAR_BIT * (q3 * BITSPERDIG + r3) - r1 * r2 = BITSPERDIG * num_digits1 + CHAR_BIT * r3 - r1 * r2 */
+    size_t num_digits1 = CHAR_BIT * q3;
+
+    /*
+     * if CHAR_BIT * r3 >= r1 * r2
+     *   CHAR_BIT * r3 - r1 * r2 = CHAR_BIT * BITSPERDIG - (CHAR_BIT * BITSPERDIG - (CHAR_BIT * r3 - r1 * r2))
+     *   q4 * BITSPERDIG + r4 = CHAR_BIT * BITSPERDIG - (CHAR_BIT * r3 - r1 * r2)
+     *   num_bits = BITSPERDIG * num_digits1 + CHAR_BIT * BITSPERDIG - (q4 * BITSPERDIG + r4) = BITSPERDIG * num_digits2 - r4
+     * else
+     *   q4 * BITSPERDIG + r4 = -(CHAR_BIT * r3 - r1 * r2)
+     *   num_bits = BITSPERDIG * num_digits1 - (q4 * BITSPERDIG + r4) = BITSPERDIG * num_digits2 - r4
+     * end
+     */
+
+    if (CHAR_BIT * r3 >= r1 * r2) {
+        size_t tmp1 = CHAR_BIT * BITSPERDIG - (CHAR_BIT * r3 - r1 * r2);
+        size_t q4 = tmp1 / BITSPERDIG;
+        int r4 = (int)(tmp1 % BITSPERDIG);
+        size_t num_digits2 = num_digits1 + CHAR_BIT - q4;
+        *nlp_bits_ret = r4;
+        return num_digits2;
+    }
+    else {
+        size_t tmp1 = r1 * r2 - CHAR_BIT * r3;
+        size_t q4 = tmp1 / BITSPERDIG;
+        int r4 = (int)(tmp1 % BITSPERDIG);
+        size_t num_digits2 = num_digits1 - q4;
+        *nlp_bits_ret = r4;
+        return num_digits2;
+    }
+}
+
+static size_t
+integer_unpack_num_bdigits(size_t numwords, size_t wordsize, size_t nails, int *nlp_bits_ret)
+{
+    size_t num_bdigits;
+
+    if (numwords <= (SIZE_MAX - (BITSPERDIG-1)) / CHAR_BIT / wordsize) {
+        num_bdigits = integer_unpack_num_bdigits_small(numwords, wordsize, nails, nlp_bits_ret);
+#ifdef DEBUG_INTEGER_PACK
+        {
+            int nlp_bits1;
+            size_t num_bdigits1 = integer_unpack_num_bdigits_generic(numwords, wordsize, nails, &nlp_bits1);
+            assert(num_bdigits == num_bdigits1);
+            assert(*nlp_bits_ret == nlp_bits1);
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+    else {
+        num_bdigits = integer_unpack_num_bdigits_generic(numwords, wordsize, nails, nlp_bits_ret);
+    }
+    return num_bdigits;
+}
+
+static inline void
+integer_unpack_push_bits(int data, int numbits, BDIGIT_DBL *ddp, int *numbits_in_dd_p, BDIGIT **dpp)
+{
+    (*ddp) |= ((BDIGIT_DBL)data) << (*numbits_in_dd_p);
+    *numbits_in_dd_p += numbits;
+    while (BITSPERDIG <= *numbits_in_dd_p) {
+        *(*dpp)++ = BIGLO(*ddp);
+        *ddp = BIGDN(*ddp);
+        *numbits_in_dd_p -= BITSPERDIG;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+integer_unpack_single_bdigit(BDIGIT u, size_t size, int flags, BDIGIT *dp)
+{
+    int sign;
+    if (flags & INTEGER_PACK_2COMP) {
+        sign = (flags & INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE) ?
+            ((size == SIZEOF_BDIGIT && u == 0) ? -2 : -1) :
+            ((u >> (size * CHAR_BIT - 1)) ? -1 : 1);
+        if (sign < 0) {
+            u |= LSHIFTX(BDIGMAX, size * CHAR_BIT);
+            u = BIGLO(1 + ~u);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+        sign = (flags & INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE) ? -1 : 1;
+    *dp = u;
+    return sign;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_BUILTIN___BUILTIN_ASSUME_ALIGNED
+#define reinterpret_cast(type, value) (type) \
+    __builtin_assume_aligned((value), sizeof(*(type)NULL));
+#else
+#define reinterpret_cast(type, value) (type)value
+#endif
+
+static int
+bary_unpack_internal(BDIGIT *bdigits, size_t num_bdigits, const void *words, size_t numwords, size_t wordsize, size_t nails, int flags, int nlp_bits)
+{
+    int sign;
+    const unsigned char *buf = words;
+    BDIGIT *dp;
+    BDIGIT *de;
+
+    dp = bdigits;
+    de = dp + num_bdigits;
+
+    if (!(flags & INTEGER_PACK_FORCE_GENERIC_IMPLEMENTATION)) {
+        if (nails == 0 && numwords == 1) {
+            int need_swap = wordsize != 1 &&
+                (flags & INTEGER_PACK_BYTEORDER_MASK) != INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER &&
+                ((flags & INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST) ? !HOST_BIGENDIAN_P : HOST_BIGENDIAN_P);
+            if (wordsize == 1) {
+                return integer_unpack_single_bdigit(*(uint8_t *)buf, sizeof(uint8_t), flags, dp);
+            }
+#if defined(HAVE_UINT16_T) && 2 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
+            if (wordsize == 2 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(uint16_t) == 0) {
+                uint16_t u = *reinterpret_cast(const uint16_t *, buf);
+                return integer_unpack_single_bdigit(need_swap ? swap16(u) : u, sizeof(uint16_t), flags, dp);
+            }
+#endif
+#if defined(HAVE_UINT32_T) && 4 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
+            if (wordsize == 4 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(uint32_t) == 0) {
+                uint32_t u = *reinterpret_cast(const uint32_t *, buf);
+                return integer_unpack_single_bdigit(need_swap ? swap32(u) : u, sizeof(uint32_t), flags, dp);
+            }
+#endif
+#if defined(HAVE_UINT64_T) && 8 <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
+            if (wordsize == 8 && (uintptr_t)words % RUBY_ALIGNOF(uint64_t) == 0) {
+                uint64_t u = *reinterpret_cast(const uint64_t *, buf);
+                return integer_unpack_single_bdigit(need_swap ? swap64(u) : u, sizeof(uint64_t), flags, dp);
+            }
+#endif
+#undef reinterpret_cast
+        }
+#if !defined(WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
+        if (nails == 0 && SIZEOF_BDIGIT == sizeof(BDIGIT) &&
+            (flags & INTEGER_PACK_WORDORDER_MASK) == INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST &&
+            (flags & INTEGER_PACK_BYTEORDER_MASK) != INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST) {
+            size_t src_size = numwords * wordsize;
+            size_t dst_size = num_bdigits * SIZEOF_BDIGIT;
+            MEMCPY(dp, words, char, src_size);
+            if (flags & INTEGER_PACK_2COMP) {
+                if (flags & INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE) {
+                    int zero_p;
+                    memset((char*)dp + src_size, 0xff, dst_size - src_size);
+                    zero_p = bary_2comp(dp, num_bdigits);
+                    sign = zero_p ? -2 : -1;
+                }
+                else if (buf[src_size-1] >> (CHAR_BIT-1)) {
+                    memset((char*)dp + src_size, 0xff, dst_size - src_size);
+                    bary_2comp(dp, num_bdigits);
+                    sign = -1;
+                }
+                else {
+                    MEMZERO((char*)dp + src_size, char, dst_size - src_size);
+                    sign = 1;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                MEMZERO((char*)dp + src_size, char, dst_size - src_size);
+                sign = (flags & INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE) ? -1 : 1;
+            }
+            return sign;
+        }
+#endif
+        if (nails == 0 && SIZEOF_BDIGIT == sizeof(BDIGIT) &&
+            wordsize % SIZEOF_BDIGIT == 0) {
+            size_t bdigits_per_word = wordsize / SIZEOF_BDIGIT;
+            int mswordfirst_p = (flags & INTEGER_PACK_MSWORD_FIRST) != 0;
+            int msbytefirst_p = (flags & INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER) ? HOST_BIGENDIAN_P :
+                (flags & INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST) != 0;
+            MEMCPY(dp, words, BDIGIT, numwords*bdigits_per_word);
+            if (mswordfirst_p) {
+                bary_swap(dp, num_bdigits);
+            }
+            if (mswordfirst_p ? !msbytefirst_p : msbytefirst_p) {
+                size_t i;
+                BDIGIT *p = dp;
+                for (i = 0; i < numwords; i++) {
+                    bary_swap(p, bdigits_per_word);
+                    p += bdigits_per_word;
+                }
+            }
+            if (msbytefirst_p != HOST_BIGENDIAN_P) {
+                BDIGIT *p;
+                for (p = dp; p < de; p++) {
+                    BDIGIT d = *p;
+                    *p = swap_bdigit(d);
+                }
+            }
+            if (flags & INTEGER_PACK_2COMP) {
+                if (flags & INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE) {
+                    int zero_p = bary_2comp(dp, num_bdigits);
+                    sign = zero_p ? -2 : -1;
+                }
+                else if (BDIGIT_MSB(de[-1])) {
+                    bary_2comp(dp, num_bdigits);
+                    sign = -1;
+                }
+                else {
+                    sign = 1;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                sign = (flags & INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE) ? -1 : 1;
+            }
+            return sign;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (num_bdigits != 0) {
+        int word_num_partialbits;
+        size_t word_num_fullbytes;
+
+        ssize_t word_step;
+        size_t byte_start;
+        int byte_step;
+
+        size_t word_start, word_last;
+        const unsigned char *wordp, *last_wordp;
+        BDIGIT_DBL dd;
+        int numbits_in_dd;
+
+        integer_pack_loop_setup(numwords, wordsize, nails, flags,
+            &word_num_fullbytes, &word_num_partialbits,
+            &word_start, &word_step, &word_last, &byte_start, &byte_step);
+
+        wordp = buf + word_start;
+        last_wordp = buf + word_last;
+
+        dd = 0;
+        numbits_in_dd = 0;
+
+#define PUSH_BITS(data, numbits) \
+        integer_unpack_push_bits(data, numbits, &dd, &numbits_in_dd, &dp)
+
+        while (1) {
+            size_t index_in_word = 0;
+            const unsigned char *bytep = wordp + byte_start;
+            while (index_in_word < word_num_fullbytes) {
+                PUSH_BITS(*bytep, CHAR_BIT);
+                bytep += byte_step;
+                index_in_word++;
+            }
+            if (word_num_partialbits) {
+                PUSH_BITS(*bytep & ((1 << word_num_partialbits) - 1), word_num_partialbits);
+                bytep += byte_step;
+                index_in_word++;
+            }
+
+            if (wordp == last_wordp)
+                break;
+
+            wordp += word_step;
+        }
+        if (dd)
+            *dp++ = (BDIGIT)dd;
+        assert(dp <= de);
+        while (dp < de)
+            *dp++ = 0;
+#undef PUSH_BITS
+    }
+
+    if (!(flags & INTEGER_PACK_2COMP)) {
+        sign = (flags & INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE) ? -1 : 1;
+    }
+    else {
+        if (nlp_bits) {
+            if ((flags & INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE) ||
+                (bdigits[num_bdigits-1] >> (BITSPERDIG - nlp_bits - 1))) {
+                bdigits[num_bdigits-1] |= BIGLO(BDIGMAX << (BITSPERDIG - nlp_bits));
+                sign = -1;
+            }
+            else {
+                sign = 1;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            if (flags & INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE) {
+                sign = bary_zero_p(bdigits, num_bdigits) ? -2 : -1;
+            }
+            else {
+                if (num_bdigits != 0 && BDIGIT_MSB(bdigits[num_bdigits-1]))
+                    sign = -1;
+                else
+                    sign = 1;
+            }
+        }
+        if (sign == -1 && num_bdigits != 0) {
+            bary_2comp(bdigits, num_bdigits);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return sign;
+}
+
+static void
+bary_unpack(BDIGIT *bdigits, size_t num_bdigits, const void *words, size_t numwords, size_t wordsize, size_t nails, int flags)
+{
+    size_t num_bdigits0;
+    int nlp_bits;
+    int sign;
+
+    validate_integer_pack_format(numwords, wordsize, nails, flags,
+            INTEGER_PACK_MSWORD_FIRST|
+            INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST|
+            INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST|
+            INTEGER_PACK_LSBYTE_FIRST|
+            INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER|
+            INTEGER_PACK_2COMP|
+            INTEGER_PACK_FORCE_BIGNUM|
+            INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE|
+            INTEGER_PACK_FORCE_GENERIC_IMPLEMENTATION);
+
+    num_bdigits0 = integer_unpack_num_bdigits(numwords, wordsize, nails, &nlp_bits);
+
+    assert(num_bdigits0 <= num_bdigits);
+
+    sign = bary_unpack_internal(bdigits, num_bdigits0, words, numwords, wordsize, nails, flags, nlp_bits);
+
+    if (num_bdigits0 < num_bdigits) {
+        BDIGITS_ZERO(bdigits + num_bdigits0, num_bdigits - num_bdigits0);
+        if (sign == -2) {
+            bdigits[num_bdigits0] = 1;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+bary_subb(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn, int borrow)
+{
+    BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED num;
+    size_t i;
+    size_t sn;
+
+    assert(xn <= zn);
+    assert(yn <= zn);
+
+    sn = xn < yn ? xn : yn;
+
+    num = borrow ? -1 : 0;
+    for (i = 0; i < sn; i++) {
+	num += (BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)xds[i] - yds[i];
+	zds[i] = BIGLO(num);
+	num = BIGDN(num);
+    }
+    if (yn <= xn) {
+        for (; i < xn; i++) {
+            if (num == 0) goto num_is_zero;
+            num += xds[i];
+            zds[i] = BIGLO(num);
+            num = BIGDN(num);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        for (; i < yn; i++) {
+            num -= yds[i];
+            zds[i] = BIGLO(num);
+            num = BIGDN(num);
+        }
+    }
+    if (num == 0) goto num_is_zero;
+    for (; i < zn; i++) {
+	zds[i] = BDIGMAX;
+    }
+    return 1;
+
+  num_is_zero:
+    if (xds == zds && xn == zn)
+        return 0;
+    for (; i < xn; i++) {
+	zds[i] = xds[i];
+    }
+    for (; i < zn; i++) {
+	zds[i] = 0;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+bary_sub(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
+{
+    return bary_subb(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn, 0);
+}
+
+static int
+bary_sub_one(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn)
+{
+    return bary_subb(zds, zn, zds, zn, NULL, 0, 1);
+}
+
+static int
+bary_addc(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn, int carry)
+{
+    BDIGIT_DBL num;
+    size_t i;
+
+    assert(xn <= zn);
+    assert(yn <= zn);
+
+    if (xn > yn) {
+	const BDIGIT *tds;
+	tds = xds; xds = yds; yds = tds;
+	i = xn; xn = yn; yn = i;
+    }
+
+    num = carry ? 1 : 0;
+    for (i = 0; i < xn; i++) {
+	num += (BDIGIT_DBL)xds[i] + yds[i];
+	zds[i] = BIGLO(num);
+	num = BIGDN(num);
+    }
+    for (; i < yn; i++) {
+        if (num == 0) goto num_is_zero;
+	num += yds[i];
+	zds[i] = BIGLO(num);
+	num = BIGDN(num);
+    }
+    for (; i < zn; i++) {
+        if (num == 0) goto num_is_zero;
+	zds[i] = BIGLO(num);
+	num = BIGDN(num);
+    }
+    return num != 0;
 
-    for (i = RBIGNUM_LEN(x) - 1; 0 <= i; i--) {
-	if (ds[i]) return 0;
+  num_is_zero:
+    if (yds == zds && yn == zn)
+        return 0;
+    for (; i < yn; i++) {
+	zds[i] = yds[i];
+    }
+    for (; i < zn; i++) {
+	zds[i] = 0;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+bary_add(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
+{
+    return bary_addc(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn, 0);
+}
+
+static int
+bary_add_one(BDIGIT *ds, size_t n)
+{
+    size_t i;
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        BDIGIT_DBL n = ds[i];
+        n += 1;
+        ds[i] = BIGLO(n);
+        if (ds[i] != 0)
+            return 0;
     }
     return 1;
 }
 
+static void
+bary_mul_single(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, BDIGIT x, BDIGIT y)
+{
+    BDIGIT_DBL n;
+
+    assert(2 <= zn);
+
+    n = (BDIGIT_DBL)x * y;
+    bdigitdbl2bary(zds, 2, n);
+    BDIGITS_ZERO(zds + 2, zn - 2);
+}
+
+static int
+bary_muladd_1xN(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, BDIGIT x, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
+{
+    BDIGIT_DBL n;
+    BDIGIT_DBL dd;
+    size_t j;
+
+    assert(zn > yn);
+
+    if (x == 0)
+        return 0;
+    dd = x;
+    n = 0;
+    for (j = 0; j < yn; j++) {
+        BDIGIT_DBL ee = n + dd * yds[j];
+        if (ee) {
+            n = zds[j] + ee;
+            zds[j] = BIGLO(n);
+            n = BIGDN(n);
+        }
+        else {
+            n = 0;
+        }
+
+    }
+    for (; j < zn; j++) {
+        if (n == 0)
+            break;
+        n += zds[j];
+        zds[j] = BIGLO(n);
+        n = BIGDN(n);
+    }
+    return n != 0;
+}
+
+static BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED
+bigdivrem_mulsub(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, BDIGIT x, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
+{
+    size_t i;
+    BDIGIT_DBL t2;
+    BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED num;
+
+    assert(zn == yn + 1);
+
+    num = 0;
+    t2 = 0;
+    i = 0;
+
+    do {
+        BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED ee;
+        t2 += (BDIGIT_DBL)yds[i] * x;
+        ee = num - BIGLO(t2);
+        num = (BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)zds[i] + ee;
+        if (ee) zds[i] = BIGLO(num);
+        num = BIGDN(num);
+        t2 = BIGDN(t2);
+    } while (++i < yn);
+    num -= (BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)t2;
+    num += (BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)zds[yn]; /* borrow from high digit; don't update */
+    return num;
+}
+
+static int
+bary_mulsub_1xN(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, BDIGIT x, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
+{
+    BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED num;
+
+    assert(zn == yn + 1);
+
+    num = bigdivrem_mulsub(zds, zn, x, yds, yn);
+    zds[yn] = BIGLO(num);
+    if (BIGDN(num))
+        return 1;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+bary_mul_normal(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
+{
+    size_t i;
+
+    assert(xn + yn <= zn);
+
+    BDIGITS_ZERO(zds, zn);
+    for (i = 0; i < xn; i++) {
+        bary_muladd_1xN(zds+i, zn-i, xds[i], yds, yn);
+    }
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_big_mul_normal(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    size_t xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x), yn = BIGNUM_LEN(y), zn = xn + yn;
+    VALUE z = bignew(zn, BIGNUM_SIGN(x)==BIGNUM_SIGN(y));
+    bary_mul_normal(BDIGITS(z), zn, BDIGITS(x), xn, BDIGITS(y), yn);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(y);
+    return z;
+}
+
+/* efficient squaring (2 times faster than normal multiplication)
+ * ref: Handbook of Applied Cryptography, Algorithm 14.16
+ *      http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap14.pdf
+ */
+static void
+bary_sq_fast(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn)
+{
+    size_t i, j;
+    BDIGIT_DBL c, v, w;
+    BDIGIT vl;
+    int vh;
+
+    assert(xn * 2 <= zn);
+
+    BDIGITS_ZERO(zds, zn);
+
+    if (xn == 0)
+        return;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < xn-1; i++) {
+	v = (BDIGIT_DBL)xds[i];
+	if (!v)
+            continue;
+	c = (BDIGIT_DBL)zds[i + i] + v * v;
+	zds[i + i] = BIGLO(c);
+	c = BIGDN(c);
+	v *= 2;
+        vl = BIGLO(v);
+        vh = (int)BIGDN(v);
+	for (j = i + 1; j < xn; j++) {
+	    w = (BDIGIT_DBL)xds[j];
+	    c += (BDIGIT_DBL)zds[i + j] + vl * w;
+	    zds[i + j] = BIGLO(c);
+	    c = BIGDN(c);
+	    if (vh)
+                c += w;
+	}
+	if (c) {
+	    c += (BDIGIT_DBL)zds[i + xn];
+	    zds[i + xn] = BIGLO(c);
+	    c = BIGDN(c);
+            if (c)
+                zds[i + xn + 1] += (BDIGIT)c;
+	}
+    }
+
+    /* i == xn-1 */
+    v = (BDIGIT_DBL)xds[i];
+    if (!v)
+        return;
+    c = (BDIGIT_DBL)zds[i + i] + v * v;
+    zds[i + i] = BIGLO(c);
+    c = BIGDN(c);
+    if (c) {
+        zds[i + xn] += BIGLO(c);
+    }
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_big_sq_fast(VALUE x)
+{
+    size_t xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x), zn = 2 * xn;
+    VALUE z = bignew(zn, 1);
+    bary_sq_fast(BDIGITS(z), zn, BDIGITS(x), xn);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    return z;
+}
+
+/* balancing multiplication by slicing larger argument */
+static void
+bary_mul_balance_with_mulfunc(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn, BDIGIT *wds, size_t wn, mulfunc_t *mulfunc)
+{
+    VALUE work = 0;
+    size_t yn0 = yn;
+    size_t r, n;
+
+    assert(xn + yn <= zn);
+    assert(xn <= yn);
+    assert(!KARATSUBA_BALANCED(xn, yn) || !TOOM3_BALANCED(xn, yn));
+
+    BDIGITS_ZERO(zds, xn);
+
+    n = 0;
+    while (yn > 0) {
+        BDIGIT *tds;
+        size_t tn;
+	r = xn > yn ? yn : xn;
+        tn = xn + r;
+        if (2 * (xn + r) <= zn - n) {
+            tds = zds + n + xn + r;
+            mulfunc(tds, tn, xds, xn, yds + n, r, wds, wn);
+            BDIGITS_ZERO(zds + n + xn, r);
+            bary_add(zds + n, tn,
+                     zds + n, tn,
+                     tds, tn);
+        }
+        else {
+            if (wn < xn) {
+                wn = xn;
+                wds = ALLOCV_N(BDIGIT, work, wn);
+            }
+            tds = zds + n;
+            MEMCPY(wds, zds + n, BDIGIT, xn);
+            mulfunc(tds, tn, xds, xn, yds + n, r, wds+xn, wn-xn);
+            bary_add(zds + n, tn,
+                     zds + n, tn,
+                     wds, xn);
+        }
+	yn -= r;
+	n += r;
+    }
+    BDIGITS_ZERO(zds+xn+yn0, zn - (xn+yn0));
+
+    if (work)
+        ALLOCV_END(work);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_big_mul_balance(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    size_t xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x), yn = BIGNUM_LEN(y), zn = xn + yn;
+    VALUE z = bignew(zn, BIGNUM_SIGN(x)==BIGNUM_SIGN(y));
+    bary_mul_balance_with_mulfunc(BDIGITS(z), zn, BDIGITS(x), xn, BDIGITS(y), yn, NULL, 0, bary_mul_toom3_start);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(y);
+    return z;
+}
+
+/* multiplication by karatsuba method */
+static void
+bary_mul_karatsuba(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn, BDIGIT *wds, size_t wn)
+{
+    VALUE work = 0;
+
+    size_t n;
+    int sub_p, borrow, carry1, carry2, carry3;
+
+    int odd_y = 0;
+    int odd_xy = 0;
+    int sq;
+
+    const BDIGIT *xds0, *xds1, *yds0, *yds1;
+    BDIGIT *zds0, *zds1, *zds2, *zds3;
+
+    assert(xn + yn <= zn);
+    assert(xn <= yn);
+    assert(yn < 2 * xn);
+
+    sq = xds == yds && xn == yn;
+
+    if (yn & 1) {
+        odd_y = 1;
+        yn--;
+        if (yn < xn) {
+            odd_xy = 1;
+            xn--;
+        }
+    }
+
+    n = yn / 2;
+
+    assert(n < xn);
+
+    if (wn < n) {
+        /* This function itself needs only n BDIGITs for work area.
+         * However this function calls bary_mul_karatsuba and
+         * bary_mul_balance recursively.
+         * 2n BDIGITs are enough to avoid allocations in
+         * the recursively called functions.
+         */
+        wn = 2*n;
+        wds = ALLOCV_N(BDIGIT, work, wn);
+    }
+
+    /* Karatsuba algorithm:
+     *
+     * x = x0 + r*x1
+     * y = y0 + r*y1
+     * z = x*y
+     *   = (x0 + r*x1) * (y0 + r*y1)
+     *   = x0*y0 + r*(x1*y0 + x0*y1) + r*r*x1*y1
+     *   = x0*y0 + r*(x0*y0 + x1*y1 - (x1-x0)*(y1-y0)) + r*r*x1*y1
+     *   = x0*y0 + r*(x0*y0 + x1*y1 - (x0-x1)*(y0-y1)) + r*r*x1*y1
+     */
+
+    xds0 = xds;
+    xds1 = xds + n;
+    yds0 = yds;
+    yds1 = yds + n;
+    zds0 = zds;
+    zds1 = zds + n;
+    zds2 = zds + 2*n;
+    zds3 = zds + 3*n;
+
+    sub_p = 1;
+
+    /* zds0:? zds1:? zds2:? zds3:? wds:? */
+
+    if (bary_sub(zds0, n, xds, n, xds+n, xn-n)) {
+        bary_2comp(zds0, n);
+        sub_p = !sub_p;
+    }
+
+    /* zds0:|x1-x0| zds1:? zds2:? zds3:? wds:? */
+
+    if (sq) {
+        sub_p = 1;
+        bary_mul_karatsuba_start(zds1, 2*n, zds0, n, zds0, n, wds, wn);
+    }
+    else {
+        if (bary_sub(wds, n, yds, n, yds+n, n)) {
+            bary_2comp(wds, n);
+            sub_p = !sub_p;
+        }
+
+        /* zds0:|x1-x0| zds1:? zds2:? zds3:? wds:|y1-y0| */
+
+        bary_mul_karatsuba_start(zds1, 2*n, zds0, n, wds, n, wds+n, wn-n);
+    }
+
+    /* zds0:|x1-x0| zds1,zds2:|x1-x0|*|y1-y0| zds3:? wds:|y1-y0| */
+
+    borrow = 0;
+    if (sub_p) {
+        borrow = !bary_2comp(zds1, 2*n);
+    }
+    /* zds0:|x1-x0| zds1,zds2:-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0| zds3:? wds:|y1-y0| */
+
+    MEMCPY(wds, zds1, BDIGIT, n);
+
+    /* zds0:|x1-x0| zds1,zds2:-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0| zds3:? wds:lo(-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0|) */
+
+    bary_mul_karatsuba_start(zds0, 2*n, xds0, n, yds0, n, wds+n, wn-n);
+
+    /* zds0,zds1:x0*y0 zds2:hi(-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0|) zds3:? wds:lo(-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0|) */
+
+    carry1 = bary_add(wds, n, wds, n, zds0, n);
+    carry1 = bary_addc(zds2, n, zds2, n, zds1, n, carry1);
+
+    /* zds0,zds1:x0*y0 zds2:hi(x0*y0-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0|) zds3:? wds:lo(x0*y0-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0|) */
+
+    carry2 = bary_add(zds1, n, zds1, n, wds, n);
+
+    /* zds0:lo(x0*y0) zds1:hi(x0*y0)+lo(x0*y0-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0|) zds2:hi(x0*y0-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0|) zds3:? wds:lo(x0*y0-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0|) */
+
+    MEMCPY(wds, zds2, BDIGIT, n);
+
+    /* zds0:lo(x0*y0) zds1:hi(x0*y0)+lo(x0*y0-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0|) zds2:_ zds3:? wds:hi(x0*y0-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0|) */
+
+    bary_mul_karatsuba_start(zds2, zn-2*n, xds1, xn-n, yds1, n, wds+n, wn-n);
+
+    /* zds0:lo(x0*y0) zds1:hi(x0*y0)+lo(x0*y0-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0|) zds2,zds3:x1*y1 wds:hi(x0*y0-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0|) */
+
+    carry3 = bary_add(zds1, n, zds1, n, zds2, n);
+
+    /* zds0:lo(x0*y0) zds1:hi(x0*y0)+lo(x0*y0-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0|)+lo(x1*y1) zds2,zds3:x1*y1 wds:hi(x0*y0-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0|) */
+
+    carry3 = bary_addc(zds2, n, zds2, n, zds3, (4*n < zn ? n : zn-3*n), carry3);
+
+    /* zds0:lo(x0*y0) zds1:hi(x0*y0)+lo(x0*y0-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0|)+lo(x1*y1) zds2,zds3:x1*y1+hi(x1*y1) wds:hi(x0*y0-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0|) */
+
+    bary_add(zds2, zn-2*n, zds2, zn-2*n, wds, n);
+
+    /* zds0:lo(x0*y0) zds1:hi(x0*y0)+lo(x0*y0-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0|)+lo(x1*y1) zds2,zds3:x1*y1+hi(x1*y1)+hi(x0*y0-?|x1-x0|*|y1-y0|) wds:_ */
+
+    if (carry2)
+        bary_add_one(zds2, zn-2*n);
+
+    if (carry1 + carry3 - borrow < 0)
+        bary_sub_one(zds3, zn-3*n);
+    else if (carry1 + carry3 - borrow > 0) {
+        BDIGIT c = carry1 + carry3 - borrow;
+        bary_add(zds3, zn-3*n, zds3, zn-3*n, &c, 1);
+    }
+
+    /*
+    if (SIZEOF_BDIGIT * zn <= 16) {
+        uint128_t z, x, y;
+        ssize_t i;
+        for (x = 0, i = xn-1; 0 <= i; i--) { x <<= SIZEOF_BDIGIT*CHAR_BIT; x |= xds[i]; }
+        for (y = 0, i = yn-1; 0 <= i; i--) { y <<= SIZEOF_BDIGIT*CHAR_BIT; y |= yds[i]; }
+        for (z = 0, i = zn-1; 0 <= i; i--) { z <<= SIZEOF_BDIGIT*CHAR_BIT; z |= zds[i]; }
+        assert(z == x * y);
+    }
+    */
+
+    if (odd_xy) {
+        bary_muladd_1xN(zds+yn, zn-yn, yds[yn], xds, xn);
+        bary_muladd_1xN(zds+xn, zn-xn, xds[xn], yds, yn+1);
+    }
+    else if (odd_y) {
+        bary_muladd_1xN(zds+yn, zn-yn, yds[yn], xds, xn);
+    }
+
+    if (work)
+        ALLOCV_END(work);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_big_mul_karatsuba(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    size_t xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x), yn = BIGNUM_LEN(y), zn = xn + yn;
+    VALUE z = bignew(zn, BIGNUM_SIGN(x)==BIGNUM_SIGN(y));
+    if (!((xn <= yn && yn < 2) || KARATSUBA_BALANCED(xn, yn)))
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unexpected bignum length for karatsuba");
+    bary_mul_karatsuba(BDIGITS(z), zn, BDIGITS(x), xn, BDIGITS(y), yn, NULL, 0);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(y);
+    return z;
+}
+
+static void
+bary_mul_toom3(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn, BDIGIT *wds, size_t wn)
+{
+    size_t n;
+    size_t wnc;
+    VALUE work = 0;
+
+    /* "p" stands for "positive".  Actually it means "non-negative", though. */
+    size_t x0n; const BDIGIT *x0ds;
+    size_t x1n; const BDIGIT *x1ds;
+    size_t x2n; const BDIGIT *x2ds;
+    size_t y0n; const BDIGIT *y0ds;
+    size_t y1n; const BDIGIT *y1ds;
+    size_t y2n; const BDIGIT *y2ds;
+
+    size_t u1n; BDIGIT *u1ds; int u1p;
+    size_t u2n; BDIGIT *u2ds; int u2p;
+    size_t u3n; BDIGIT *u3ds; int u3p;
+
+    size_t v1n; BDIGIT *v1ds; int v1p;
+    size_t v2n; BDIGIT *v2ds; int v2p;
+    size_t v3n; BDIGIT *v3ds; int v3p;
+
+    size_t t0n; BDIGIT *t0ds; int t0p;
+    size_t t1n; BDIGIT *t1ds; int t1p;
+    size_t t2n; BDIGIT *t2ds; int t2p;
+    size_t t3n; BDIGIT *t3ds; int t3p;
+    size_t t4n; BDIGIT *t4ds; int t4p;
+
+    size_t z0n; BDIGIT *z0ds;
+    size_t z1n; BDIGIT *z1ds; int z1p;
+    size_t z2n; BDIGIT *z2ds; int z2p;
+    size_t z3n; BDIGIT *z3ds; int z3p;
+    size_t z4n; BDIGIT *z4ds;
+
+    size_t zzn; BDIGIT *zzds;
+
+    int sq = xds == yds && xn == yn;
+
+    assert(xn <= yn);  /* assume y >= x */
+    assert(xn + yn <= zn);
+
+    n = (yn + 2) / 3;
+    assert(2*n < xn);
+
+    wnc = 0;
+
+    wnc += (u1n = n+1); /* BITSPERDIG*n+2 bits */
+    wnc += (u2n = n+1); /* BITSPERDIG*n+1 bits */
+    wnc += (u3n = n+1); /* BITSPERDIG*n+3 bits */
+    wnc += (v1n = n+1); /* BITSPERDIG*n+2 bits */
+    wnc += (v2n = n+1); /* BITSPERDIG*n+1 bits */
+    wnc += (v3n = n+1); /* BITSPERDIG*n+3 bits */
+
+    wnc += (t0n = 2*n); /* BITSPERDIG*2*n bits */
+    wnc += (t1n = 2*n+2); /* BITSPERDIG*2*n+4 bits but bary_mul needs u1n+v1n */
+    wnc += (t2n = 2*n+2); /* BITSPERDIG*2*n+2 bits but bary_mul needs u2n+v2n */
+    wnc += (t3n = 2*n+2); /* BITSPERDIG*2*n+6 bits but bary_mul needs u3n+v3n */
+    wnc += (t4n = 2*n); /* BITSPERDIG*2*n bits */
+
+    wnc += (z1n = 2*n+1); /* BITSPERDIG*2*n+5 bits */
+    wnc += (z2n = 2*n+1); /* BITSPERDIG*2*n+6 bits */
+    wnc += (z3n = 2*n+1); /* BITSPERDIG*2*n+8 bits */
+
+    if (wn < wnc) {
+        wn = wnc * 3 / 2; /* Allocate working memory for whole recursion at once. */
+        wds = ALLOCV_N(BDIGIT, work, wn);
+    }
+
+    u1ds = wds; wds += u1n;
+    u2ds = wds; wds += u2n;
+    u3ds = wds; wds += u3n;
+
+    v1ds = wds; wds += v1n;
+    v2ds = wds; wds += v2n;
+    v3ds = wds; wds += v3n;
+
+    t0ds = wds; wds += t0n;
+    t1ds = wds; wds += t1n;
+    t2ds = wds; wds += t2n;
+    t3ds = wds; wds += t3n;
+    t4ds = wds; wds += t4n;
+
+    z1ds = wds; wds += z1n;
+    z2ds = wds; wds += z2n;
+    z3ds = wds; wds += z3n;
+
+    wn -= wnc;
+
+    zzds = u1ds;
+    zzn = 6*n+1;
+
+    x0n = n;
+    x1n = n;
+    x2n = xn - 2*n;
+    x0ds = xds;
+    x1ds = xds + n;
+    x2ds = xds + 2*n;
+
+    if (sq) {
+        y0n = x0n;
+        y1n = x1n;
+        y2n = x2n;
+        y0ds = x0ds;
+        y1ds = x1ds;
+        y2ds = x2ds;
+    }
+    else {
+        y0n = n;
+        y1n = n;
+        y2n = yn - 2*n;
+        y0ds = yds;
+        y1ds = yds + n;
+        y2ds = yds + 2*n;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * ref. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toom%E2%80%93Cook_multiplication
+     *
+     * x(b) = x0 * b^0 + x1 * b^1 + x2 * b^2
+     * y(b) = y0 * b^0 + y1 * b^1 + y2 * b^2
+     *
+     * z(b) = x(b) * y(b)
+     * z(b) = z0 * b^0 + z1 * b^1 + z2 * b^2 + z3 * b^3 + z4 * b^4
+     * where:
+     *   z0 = x0 * y0
+     *   z1 = x0 * y1 + x1 * y0
+     *   z2 = x0 * y2 + x1 * y1 + x2 * y0
+     *   z3 = x1 * y2 + x2 * y1
+     *   z4 = x2 * y2
+     *
+     * Toom3 method (a.k.a. Toom-Cook method):
+     * (Step1) calculating 5 points z(b0), z(b1), z(b2), z(b3), z(b4),
+     * where:
+     *   b0 = 0, b1 = 1, b2 = -1, b3 = -2, b4 = inf,
+     *   z(0)   = x(0)   * y(0)   = x0 * y0
+     *   z(1)   = x(1)   * y(1)   = (x0 + x1 + x2) * (y0 + y1 + y2)
+     *   z(-1)  = x(-1)  * y(-1)  = (x0 - x1 + x2) * (y0 - y1 + y2)
+     *   z(-2)  = x(-2)  * y(-2)  = (x0 - 2 * (x1 - 2 * x2)) * (y0 - 2 * (y1 - 2 * y2))
+     *   z(inf) = x(inf) * y(inf) = x2 * y2
+     *
+     * (Step2) interpolating z0, z1, z2, z3 and z4.
+     *
+     * (Step3) Substituting base value into b of the polynomial z(b),
+     */
+
+    /*
+     * [Step1] calculating 5 points z(b0), z(b1), z(b2), z(b3), z(b4)
+     */
+
+    /* u1 <- x0 + x2 */
+    bary_add(u1ds, u1n, x0ds, x0n, x2ds, x2n);
+    u1p = 1;
+
+    /* x(-1) : u2 <- u1 - x1 = x0 - x1 + x2 */
+    if (bary_sub(u2ds, u2n, u1ds, u1n, x1ds, x1n)) {
+        bary_2comp(u2ds, u2n);
+        u2p = 0;
+    }
+    else {
+        u2p = 1;
+    }
+
+    /* x(1) : u1 <- u1 + x1 = x0 + x1 + x2 */
+    bary_add(u1ds, u1n, u1ds, u1n, x1ds, x1n);
+
+    /* x(-2) : u3 <- 2 * (u2 + x2) - x0 = x0 - 2 * (x1 - 2 * x2) */
+    u3p = 1;
+    if (u2p) {
+        bary_add(u3ds, u3n, u2ds, u2n, x2ds, x2n);
+    }
+    else if (bary_sub(u3ds, u3n, x2ds, x2n, u2ds, u2n)) {
+        bary_2comp(u3ds, u3n);
+        u3p = 0;
+    }
+    bary_small_lshift(u3ds, u3ds, u3n, 1);
+    if (!u3p) {
+        bary_add(u3ds, u3n, u3ds, u3n, x0ds, x0n);
+    }
+    else if (bary_sub(u3ds, u3n, u3ds, u3n, x0ds, x0n)) {
+        bary_2comp(u3ds, u3n);
+        u3p = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (sq) {
+        v1n = u1n; v1ds = u1ds; v1p = u1p;
+        v2n = u2n; v2ds = u2ds; v2p = u2p;
+        v3n = u3n; v3ds = u3ds; v3p = u3p;
+    }
+    else {
+	/* v1 <- y0 + y2 */
+        bary_add(v1ds, v1n, y0ds, y0n, y2ds, y2n);
+        v1p = 1;
+
+	/* y(-1) : v2 <- v1 - y1 = y0 - y1 + y2 */
+        v2p = 1;
+        if (bary_sub(v2ds, v2n, v1ds, v1n, y1ds, y1n)) {
+            bary_2comp(v2ds, v2n);
+            v2p = 0;
+        }
+
+	/* y(1) : v1 <- v1 + y1 = y0 + y1 + y2 */
+        bary_add(v1ds, v1n, v1ds, v1n, y1ds, y1n);
+
+	/* y(-2) : v3 <- 2 * (v2 + y2) - y0 = y0 - 2 * (y1 - 2 * y2) */
+        v3p = 1;
+        if (v2p) {
+            bary_add(v3ds, v3n, v2ds, v2n, y2ds, y2n);
+        }
+        else if (bary_sub(v3ds, v3n, y2ds, y2n, v2ds, v2n)) {
+            bary_2comp(v3ds, v3n);
+            v3p = 0;
+        }
+        bary_small_lshift(v3ds, v3ds, v3n, 1);
+        if (!v3p) {
+            bary_add(v3ds, v3n, v3ds, v3n, y0ds, y0n);
+        }
+        else if (bary_sub(v3ds, v3n, v3ds, v3n, y0ds, y0n)) {
+            bary_2comp(v3ds, v3n);
+            v3p = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* z(0) : t0 <- x0 * y0 */
+    bary_mul_toom3_start(t0ds, t0n, x0ds, x0n, y0ds, y0n, wds, wn);
+    t0p = 1;
+
+    /* z(1) : t1 <- u1 * v1 */
+    bary_mul_toom3_start(t1ds, t1n, u1ds, u1n, v1ds, v1n, wds, wn);
+    t1p = u1p == v1p;
+    assert(t1ds[t1n-1] == 0);
+    t1n--;
+
+    /* z(-1) : t2 <- u2 * v2 */
+    bary_mul_toom3_start(t2ds, t2n, u2ds, u2n, v2ds, v2n, wds, wn);
+    t2p = u2p == v2p;
+    assert(t2ds[t2n-1] == 0);
+    t2n--;
+
+    /* z(-2) : t3 <- u3 * v3 */
+    bary_mul_toom3_start(t3ds, t3n, u3ds, u3n, v3ds, v3n, wds, wn);
+    t3p = u3p == v3p;
+    assert(t3ds[t3n-1] == 0);
+    t3n--;
+
+    /* z(inf) : t4 <- x2 * y2 */
+    bary_mul_toom3_start(t4ds, t4n, x2ds, x2n, y2ds, y2n, wds, wn);
+    t4p = 1;
+
+    /*
+     * [Step2] interpolating z0, z1, z2, z3 and z4.
+     */
+
+    /* z0 <- z(0) == t0 */
+    z0n = t0n; z0ds = t0ds;
+
+    /* z4 <- z(inf) == t4 */
+    z4n = t4n; z4ds = t4ds;
+
+    /* z3 <- (z(-2) - z(1)) / 3 == (t3 - t1) / 3 */
+    if (t3p == t1p) {
+        z3p = t3p;
+        if (bary_sub(z3ds, z3n, t3ds, t3n, t1ds, t1n)) {
+            bary_2comp(z3ds, z3n);
+            z3p = !z3p;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        z3p = t3p;
+        bary_add(z3ds, z3n, t3ds, t3n, t1ds, t1n);
+    }
+    bigdivrem_single(z3ds, z3ds, z3n, 3);
+
+    /* z1 <- (z(1) - z(-1)) / 2 == (t1 - t2) / 2 */
+    if (t1p == t2p) {
+        z1p = t1p;
+        if (bary_sub(z1ds, z1n, t1ds, t1n, t2ds, t2n)) {
+            bary_2comp(z1ds, z1n);
+            z1p = !z1p;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        z1p = t1p;
+        bary_add(z1ds, z1n, t1ds, t1n, t2ds, t2n);
+    }
+    bary_small_rshift(z1ds, z1ds, z1n, 1, 0);
+
+    /* z2 <- z(-1) - z(0) == t2 - t0 */
+    if (t2p == t0p) {
+        z2p = t2p;
+        if (bary_sub(z2ds, z2n, t2ds, t2n, t0ds, t0n)) {
+            bary_2comp(z2ds, z2n);
+            z2p = !z2p;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        z2p = t2p;
+        bary_add(z2ds, z2n, t2ds, t2n, t0ds, t0n);
+    }
+
+    /* z3 <- (z2 - z3) / 2 + 2 * z(inf) == (z2 - z3) / 2 + 2 * t4 */
+    if (z2p == z3p) {
+        z3p = z2p;
+        if (bary_sub(z3ds, z3n, z2ds, z2n, z3ds, z3n)) {
+            bary_2comp(z3ds, z3n);
+            z3p = !z3p;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        z3p = z2p;
+        bary_add(z3ds, z3n, z2ds, z2n, z3ds, z3n);
+    }
+    bary_small_rshift(z3ds, z3ds, z3n, 1, 0);
+    if (z3p == t4p) {
+        bary_muladd_1xN(z3ds, z3n, 2, t4ds, t4n);
+    }
+    else {
+        if (bary_mulsub_1xN(z3ds, z3n, 2, t4ds, t4n)) {
+            bary_2comp(z3ds, z3n);
+            z3p = !z3p;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* z2 <- z2 + z1 - z(inf) == z2 + z1 - t4 */
+    if (z2p == z1p) {
+        bary_add(z2ds, z2n, z2ds, z2n, z1ds, z1n);
+    }
+    else {
+        if (bary_sub(z2ds, z2n, z2ds, z2n, z1ds, z1n)) {
+            bary_2comp(z2ds, z2n);
+            z2p = !z2p;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (z2p == t4p) {
+        if (bary_sub(z2ds, z2n, z2ds, z2n, t4ds, t4n)) {
+            bary_2comp(z2ds, z2n);
+            z2p = !z2p;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        bary_add(z2ds, z2n, z2ds, z2n, t4ds, t4n);
+    }
+
+    /* z1 <- z1 - z3 */
+    if (z1p == z3p) {
+        if (bary_sub(z1ds, z1n, z1ds, z1n, z3ds, z3n)) {
+            bary_2comp(z1ds, z1n);
+            z1p = !z1p;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        bary_add(z1ds, z1n, z1ds, z1n, z3ds, z3n);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * [Step3] Substituting base value into b of the polynomial z(b),
+     */
+
+    MEMCPY(zzds, z0ds, BDIGIT, z0n);
+    BDIGITS_ZERO(zzds + z0n, 4*n - z0n);
+    MEMCPY(zzds + 4*n, z4ds, BDIGIT, z4n);
+    BDIGITS_ZERO(zzds + 4*n + z4n, zzn - (4*n + z4n));
+    if (z1p)
+        bary_add(zzds +   n, zzn -   n, zzds +   n, zzn -   n, z1ds, z1n);
+    else
+        bary_sub(zzds +   n, zzn -   n, zzds +   n, zzn -   n, z1ds, z1n);
+    if (z2p)
+        bary_add(zzds + 2*n, zzn - 2*n, zzds + 2*n, zzn - 2*n, z2ds, z2n);
+    else
+        bary_sub(zzds + 2*n, zzn - 2*n, zzds + 2*n, zzn - 2*n, z2ds, z2n);
+    if (z3p)
+        bary_add(zzds + 3*n, zzn - 3*n, zzds + 3*n, zzn - 3*n, z3ds, z3n);
+    else
+        bary_sub(zzds + 3*n, zzn - 3*n, zzds + 3*n, zzn - 3*n, z3ds, z3n);
+
+    BARY_TRUNC(zzds, zzn);
+    MEMCPY(zds, zzds, BDIGIT, zzn);
+    BDIGITS_ZERO(zds + zzn, zn - zzn);
+
+    if (work)
+        ALLOCV_END(work);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_big_mul_toom3(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    size_t xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x), yn = BIGNUM_LEN(y), zn = xn + yn;
+    VALUE z = bignew(zn, BIGNUM_SIGN(x)==BIGNUM_SIGN(y));
+    if (xn > yn || yn < 3 || !TOOM3_BALANCED(xn,yn))
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unexpected bignum length for toom3");
+    bary_mul_toom3(BDIGITS(z), zn, BDIGITS(x), xn, BDIGITS(y), yn, NULL, 0);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(y);
+    return z;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_GMP
+static inline void
+bdigits_to_mpz(mpz_t mp, const BDIGIT *digits, size_t len)
+{
+    const size_t nails = (sizeof(BDIGIT)-SIZEOF_BDIGIT)*CHAR_BIT;
+    mpz_import(mp, len, -1, sizeof(BDIGIT), 0, nails, digits);
+}
+
+static inline void
+bdigits_from_mpz(mpz_t mp, BDIGIT *digits, size_t *len)
+{
+    const size_t nails = (sizeof(BDIGIT)-SIZEOF_BDIGIT)*CHAR_BIT;
+    mpz_export(digits, len, -1, sizeof(BDIGIT), 0, nails, mp);
+}
+
+static void
+bary_mul_gmp(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
+{
+    mpz_t x, y, z;
+    size_t count;
+
+    assert(xn + yn <= zn);
+
+    mpz_init(x);
+    mpz_init(y);
+    mpz_init(z);
+    bdigits_to_mpz(x, xds, xn);
+    if (xds == yds && xn == yn) {
+        mpz_mul(z, x, x);
+    }
+    else {
+        bdigits_to_mpz(y, yds, yn);
+        mpz_mul(z, x, y);
+    }
+    bdigits_from_mpz(z, zds, &count);
+    BDIGITS_ZERO(zds+count, zn-count);
+    mpz_clear(x);
+    mpz_clear(y);
+    mpz_clear(z);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_big_mul_gmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    size_t xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x), yn = BIGNUM_LEN(y), zn = xn + yn;
+    VALUE z = bignew(zn, BIGNUM_SIGN(x)==BIGNUM_SIGN(y));
+    bary_mul_gmp(BDIGITS(z), zn, BDIGITS(x), xn, BDIGITS(y), yn);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(y);
+    return z;
+}
+#endif
+
+static void
+bary_short_mul(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
+{
+    assert(xn + yn <= zn);
+
+    if (xn == 1 && yn == 1) {
+        bary_mul_single(zds, zn, xds[0], yds[0]);
+    }
+    else {
+        bary_mul_normal(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn);
+        rb_thread_check_ints();
+    }
+}
+
+/* determine whether a bignum is sparse or not by random sampling */
+static inline int
+bary_sparse_p(const BDIGIT *ds, size_t n)
+{
+    long c = 0;
+
+    if (          ds[2 * n / 5]) c++;
+    if (c <= 1 && ds[    n / 2]) c++;
+    if (c <= 1 && ds[3 * n / 5]) c++;
+
+    return (c <= 1) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+static int
+bary_mul_precheck(BDIGIT **zdsp, size_t *znp, const BDIGIT **xdsp, size_t *xnp, const BDIGIT **ydsp, size_t *ynp)
+{
+    size_t nlsz; /* number of least significant zero BDIGITs */
+
+    BDIGIT *zds = *zdsp;
+    size_t zn = *znp;
+    const BDIGIT *xds = *xdsp;
+    size_t xn = *xnp;
+    const BDIGIT *yds = *ydsp;
+    size_t yn = *ynp;
+
+    assert(xn + yn <= zn);
+
+    nlsz = 0;
+
+    while (0 < xn) {
+        if (xds[xn-1] == 0) {
+            xn--;
+        }
+        else {
+            do {
+                if (xds[0] != 0)
+                    break;
+                xds++;
+                xn--;
+                nlsz++;
+            } while (0 < xn);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    while (0 < yn) {
+        if (yds[yn-1] == 0) {
+            yn--;
+        }
+        else {
+            do {
+                if (yds[0] != 0)
+                    break;
+                yds++;
+                yn--;
+                nlsz++;
+            } while (0 < yn);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (nlsz) {
+        BDIGITS_ZERO(zds, nlsz);
+        zds += nlsz;
+        zn -= nlsz;
+    }
+
+    /* make sure that y is longer than x */
+    if (xn > yn) {
+        const BDIGIT *tds;
+        size_t tn;
+	tds = xds; xds = yds; yds = tds;
+	tn = xn; xn = yn; yn = tn;
+    }
+    assert(xn <= yn);
+
+    if (xn <= 1) {
+        if (xn == 0) {
+            BDIGITS_ZERO(zds, zn);
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        if (xds[0] == 1) {
+            MEMCPY(zds, yds, BDIGIT, yn);
+            BDIGITS_ZERO(zds+yn, zn-yn);
+            return 1;
+        }
+        if (POW2_P(xds[0])) {
+            zds[yn] = bary_small_lshift(zds, yds, yn, bit_length(xds[0])-1);
+            BDIGITS_ZERO(zds+yn+1, zn-yn-1);
+            return 1;
+        }
+        if (yn == 1 && yds[0] == 1) {
+            zds[0] = xds[0];
+            BDIGITS_ZERO(zds+1, zn-1);
+            return 1;
+        }
+        bary_mul_normal(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    *zdsp = zds;
+    *znp = zn;
+    *xdsp = xds;
+    *xnp = xn;
+    *ydsp = yds;
+    *ynp = yn;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+bary_mul_karatsuba_branch(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn, BDIGIT *wds, size_t wn)
+{
+    /* normal multiplication when x is small */
+    if (xn < KARATSUBA_MUL_DIGITS) {
+        goto normal;
+    }
+
+    /* normal multiplication when x or y is a sparse bignum */
+    if (bary_sparse_p(xds, xn)) goto normal;
+    if (bary_sparse_p(yds, yn)) {
+        bary_short_mul(zds, zn, yds, yn, xds, xn);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* balance multiplication by slicing y when x is much smaller than y */
+    if (!KARATSUBA_BALANCED(xn, yn)) {
+        bary_mul_balance_with_mulfunc(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn, wds, wn, bary_mul_karatsuba_start);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* multiplication by karatsuba method */
+    bary_mul_karatsuba(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn, wds, wn);
+    return;
+
+  normal:
+    if (xds == yds && xn == yn) {
+        bary_sq_fast(zds, zn, xds, xn);
+    }
+    else {
+        bary_short_mul(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+bary_mul_karatsuba_start(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn, BDIGIT *wds, size_t wn)
+{
+    if (bary_mul_precheck(&zds, &zn, &xds, &xn, &yds, &yn))
+        return;
+
+    bary_mul_karatsuba_branch(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn, wds, wn);
+}
+
+static void
+bary_mul_toom3_branch(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn, BDIGIT *wds, size_t wn)
+{
+    if (xn < TOOM3_MUL_DIGITS) {
+        bary_mul_karatsuba_branch(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn, wds, wn);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!TOOM3_BALANCED(xn, yn)) {
+        bary_mul_balance_with_mulfunc(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn, wds, wn, bary_mul_toom3_start);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    bary_mul_toom3(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn, wds, wn);
+}
+
+static void
+bary_mul_toom3_start(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn, BDIGIT *wds, size_t wn)
+{
+    if (bary_mul_precheck(&zds, &zn, &xds, &xn, &yds, &yn))
+        return;
+
+    bary_mul_toom3_branch(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn, wds, wn);
+}
+
+static void
+bary_mul(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
+{
+    if (xn <= yn) {
+        if (xn < NAIVE_MUL_DIGITS) {
+            if (xds == yds && xn == yn)
+                bary_sq_fast(zds, zn, xds, xn);
+            else
+                bary_short_mul(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        if (yn < NAIVE_MUL_DIGITS) {
+            bary_short_mul(zds, zn, yds, yn, xds, xn);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifdef USE_GMP
+    bary_mul_gmp(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn);
+#else
+    bary_mul_toom3_start(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn, NULL, 0);
+#endif
+}
+
+struct big_div_struct {
+    size_t yn, zn;
+    BDIGIT *yds, *zds;
+    volatile VALUE stop;
+};
+
+static void *
+bigdivrem1(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct big_div_struct *bds = (struct big_div_struct*)ptr;
+    size_t yn = bds->yn;
+    size_t zn = bds->zn;
+    BDIGIT *yds = bds->yds, *zds = bds->zds;
+    BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED num;
+    BDIGIT q;
+
+    do {
+	if (bds->stop) {
+	    bds->zn = zn;
+	    return 0;
+        }
+	if (zds[zn-1] == yds[yn-1]) q = BDIGMAX;
+	else q = (BDIGIT)((BIGUP(zds[zn-1]) + zds[zn-2])/yds[yn-1]);
+	if (q) {
+            num = bigdivrem_mulsub(zds+zn-(yn+1), yn+1,
+                                   q,
+                                   yds, yn);
+	    while (num) { /* "add back" required */
+		q--;
+                num = bary_add(zds+zn-(yn+1), yn,
+                               zds+zn-(yn+1), yn,
+                               yds, yn);
+                num--;
+	    }
+	}
+        zn--;
+	zds[zn] = q;
+    } while (zn > yn);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* async-signal-safe */
+static void
+rb_big_stop(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct big_div_struct *bds = ptr;
+    bds->stop = Qtrue;
+}
+
+static BDIGIT
+bigdivrem_single1(BDIGIT *qds, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, BDIGIT x_higher_bdigit, BDIGIT y)
+{
+    assert(0 < xn);
+    assert(x_higher_bdigit < y);
+    if (POW2_P(y)) {
+        BDIGIT r;
+        r = xds[0] & (y-1);
+        bary_small_rshift(qds, xds, xn, bit_length(y)-1, x_higher_bdigit);
+        return r;
+    }
+    else {
+        size_t i;
+        BDIGIT_DBL t2;
+        t2 = x_higher_bdigit;
+        for (i = 0; i < xn; i++) {
+            t2 = BIGUP(t2) + xds[xn - i - 1];
+            qds[xn - i - 1] = (BDIGIT)(t2 / y);
+            t2 %= y;
+        }
+        return (BDIGIT)t2;
+    }
+}
+
+static BDIGIT
+bigdivrem_single(BDIGIT *qds, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, BDIGIT y)
+{
+    return bigdivrem_single1(qds, xds, xn, 0, y);
+}
+
+static void
+bigdivrem_restoring(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
+{
+    struct big_div_struct bds;
+    size_t ynzero;
+
+    assert(yn < zn);
+    assert(BDIGIT_MSB(yds[yn-1]));
+    assert(zds[zn-1] < yds[yn-1]);
+
+    for (ynzero = 0; !yds[ynzero]; ynzero++);
+
+    if (ynzero+1 == yn) {
+        BDIGIT r;
+        r = bigdivrem_single1(zds+yn, zds+ynzero, zn-yn, zds[zn-1], yds[ynzero]);
+        zds[ynzero] = r;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    bds.yn = yn - ynzero;
+    bds.zds = zds + ynzero;
+    bds.yds = yds + ynzero;
+    bds.stop = Qfalse;
+    bds.zn = zn - ynzero;
+    if (bds.zn > 10000 || bds.yn > 10000) {
+      retry:
+	bds.stop = Qfalse;
+        rb_nogvl(bigdivrem1, &bds, rb_big_stop, &bds, RB_NOGVL_UBF_ASYNC_SAFE);
+
+	if (bds.stop == Qtrue) {
+	    /* execute trap handler, but exception was not raised. */
+	    goto retry;
+	}
+    }
+    else {
+	bigdivrem1(&bds);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+bary_divmod_normal(BDIGIT *qds, size_t qn, BDIGIT *rds, size_t rn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
+{
+    int shift;
+    BDIGIT *zds, *yyds;
+    size_t zn;
+    VALUE tmpyz = 0;
+
+    assert(yn < xn || (xn == yn && yds[yn - 1] <= xds[xn - 1]));
+    assert(qds ? (xn - yn + 1) <= qn : 1);
+    assert(rds ? yn <= rn : 1);
+
+    zn = xn + BIGDIVREM_EXTRA_WORDS;
+
+    shift = nlz(yds[yn-1]);
+    if (shift) {
+        int alloc_y = !rds;
+        int alloc_z = !qds || qn < zn;
+        if (alloc_y && alloc_z) {
+            yyds = ALLOCV_N(BDIGIT, tmpyz, yn+zn);
+            zds = yyds + yn;
+        }
+        else {
+            yyds = alloc_y ? ALLOCV_N(BDIGIT, tmpyz, yn) : rds;
+            zds = alloc_z ? ALLOCV_N(BDIGIT, tmpyz, zn) : qds;
+        }
+        zds[xn] = bary_small_lshift(zds, xds, xn, shift);
+        bary_small_lshift(yyds, yds, yn, shift);
+    }
+    else {
+        if (qds && zn <= qn)
+            zds = qds;
+        else
+            zds = ALLOCV_N(BDIGIT, tmpyz, zn);
+        MEMCPY(zds, xds, BDIGIT, xn);
+        zds[xn] = 0;
+        /* bigdivrem_restoring will not modify y.
+         * So use yds directly.  */
+        yyds = (BDIGIT *)yds;
+    }
+
+    bigdivrem_restoring(zds, zn, yyds, yn);
+
+    if (rds) {
+        if (shift)
+            bary_small_rshift(rds, zds, yn, shift, 0);
+        else
+            MEMCPY(rds, zds, BDIGIT, yn);
+        BDIGITS_ZERO(rds+yn, rn-yn);
+    }
+
+    if (qds) {
+        size_t j = zn - yn;
+        MEMMOVE(qds, zds+yn, BDIGIT, j);
+        BDIGITS_ZERO(qds+j, qn-j);
+    }
+
+    if (tmpyz)
+        ALLOCV_END(tmpyz);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_big_divrem_normal(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    size_t xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x), yn = BIGNUM_LEN(y), qn, rn;
+    BDIGIT *xds = BDIGITS(x), *yds = BDIGITS(y), *qds, *rds;
+    VALUE q, r;
+
+    BARY_TRUNC(yds, yn);
+    if (yn == 0)
+        rb_num_zerodiv();
+    BARY_TRUNC(xds, xn);
+
+    if (xn < yn || (xn == yn && xds[xn - 1] < yds[yn - 1]))
+        return rb_assoc_new(LONG2FIX(0), x);
+
+    qn = xn + BIGDIVREM_EXTRA_WORDS;
+    q = bignew(qn, BIGNUM_SIGN(x)==BIGNUM_SIGN(y));
+    qds = BDIGITS(q);
+
+    rn = yn;
+    r = bignew(rn, BIGNUM_SIGN(x));
+    rds = BDIGITS(r);
+
+    bary_divmod_normal(qds, qn, rds, rn, xds, xn, yds, yn);
+
+    bigtrunc(q);
+    bigtrunc(r);
+
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(y);
+
+    return rb_assoc_new(q, r);
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_GMP
+static void
+bary_divmod_gmp(BDIGIT *qds, size_t qn, BDIGIT *rds, size_t rn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
+{
+    mpz_t x, y, q, r;
+    size_t count;
+
+    assert(yn < xn || (xn == yn && yds[yn - 1] <= xds[xn - 1]));
+    assert(qds ? (xn - yn + 1) <= qn : 1);
+    assert(rds ? yn <= rn : 1);
+    assert(qds || rds);
+
+    mpz_init(x);
+    mpz_init(y);
+    if (qds) mpz_init(q);
+    if (rds) mpz_init(r);
+
+    bdigits_to_mpz(x, xds, xn);
+    bdigits_to_mpz(y, yds, yn);
+
+    if (!rds) {
+        mpz_fdiv_q(q, x, y);
+    }
+    else if (!qds) {
+        mpz_fdiv_r(r, x, y);
+    }
+    else {
+        mpz_fdiv_qr(q, r, x, y);
+    }
+
+    mpz_clear(x);
+    mpz_clear(y);
+
+    if (qds) {
+        bdigits_from_mpz(q, qds, &count);
+        BDIGITS_ZERO(qds+count, qn-count);
+        mpz_clear(q);
+    }
+
+    if (rds) {
+        bdigits_from_mpz(r, rds, &count);
+        BDIGITS_ZERO(rds+count, rn-count);
+        mpz_clear(r);
+    }
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_big_divrem_gmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    size_t xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x), yn = BIGNUM_LEN(y), qn, rn;
+    BDIGIT *xds = BDIGITS(x), *yds = BDIGITS(y), *qds, *rds;
+    VALUE q, r;
+
+    BARY_TRUNC(yds, yn);
+    if (yn == 0)
+        rb_num_zerodiv();
+    BARY_TRUNC(xds, xn);
+
+    if (xn < yn || (xn == yn && xds[xn - 1] < yds[yn - 1]))
+        return rb_assoc_new(LONG2FIX(0), x);
+
+    qn = xn - yn + 1;
+    q = bignew(qn, BIGNUM_SIGN(x)==BIGNUM_SIGN(y));
+    qds = BDIGITS(q);
+
+    rn = yn;
+    r = bignew(rn, BIGNUM_SIGN(x));
+    rds = BDIGITS(r);
+
+    bary_divmod_gmp(qds, qn, rds, rn, xds, xn, yds, yn);
+
+    bigtrunc(q);
+    bigtrunc(r);
+
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(y);
+
+    return rb_assoc_new(q, r);
+}
+#endif
+
+static void
+bary_divmod_branch(BDIGIT *qds, size_t qn, BDIGIT *rds, size_t rn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
+{
+#ifdef USE_GMP
+    if (GMP_DIV_DIGITS < xn) {
+        bary_divmod_gmp(qds, qn, rds, rn, xds, xn, yds, yn);
+        return;
+    }
+#endif
+    bary_divmod_normal(qds, qn, rds, rn, xds, xn, yds, yn);
+}
+
+static void
+bary_divmod(BDIGIT *qds, size_t qn, BDIGIT *rds, size_t rn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn)
+{
+    assert(xn <= qn);
+    assert(yn <= rn);
+
+    BARY_TRUNC(yds, yn);
+    if (yn == 0)
+        rb_num_zerodiv();
+
+    BARY_TRUNC(xds, xn);
+    if (xn == 0) {
+        BDIGITS_ZERO(qds, qn);
+        BDIGITS_ZERO(rds, rn);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (xn < yn || (xn == yn && xds[xn - 1] < yds[yn - 1])) {
+        MEMCPY(rds, xds, BDIGIT, xn);
+        BDIGITS_ZERO(rds+xn, rn-xn);
+        BDIGITS_ZERO(qds, qn);
+    }
+    else if (yn == 1) {
+        MEMCPY(qds, xds, BDIGIT, xn);
+        BDIGITS_ZERO(qds+xn, qn-xn);
+        rds[0] = bigdivrem_single(qds, xds, xn, yds[0]);
+        BDIGITS_ZERO(rds+1, rn-1);
+    }
+    else if (xn == 2 && yn == 2) {
+        BDIGIT_DBL x = bary2bdigitdbl(xds, 2);
+        BDIGIT_DBL y = bary2bdigitdbl(yds, 2);
+        BDIGIT_DBL q = x / y;
+        BDIGIT_DBL r = x % y;
+        qds[0] = BIGLO(q);
+        qds[1] = BIGLO(BIGDN(q));
+        BDIGITS_ZERO(qds+2, qn-2);
+        rds[0] = BIGLO(r);
+        rds[1] = BIGLO(BIGDN(r));
+        BDIGITS_ZERO(rds+2, rn-2);
+    }
+    else {
+        bary_divmod_branch(qds, qn, rds, rn, xds, xn, yds, yn);
+    }
+}
+
+
+#ifndef BIGNUM_DEBUG
+# define BIGNUM_DEBUG (0+RUBY_DEBUG)
+#endif
+
+static int
+bigzero_p(VALUE x)
+{
+    return bary_zero_p(BDIGITS(x), BIGNUM_LEN(x));
+}
+
 int
 rb_bigzero_p(VALUE x)
 {
@@ -104,9 +2938,9 @@ rb_cmpint(VALUE val, VALUE a, VALUE b)
         if (l < 0) return -1;
         return 0;
     }
-    if (TYPE(val) == T_BIGNUM) {
+    if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(val)) {
 	if (BIGZEROP(val)) return 0;
-	if (RBIGNUM_SIGN(val)) return 1;
+	if (BIGNUM_SIGN(val)) return 1;
 	return -1;
     }
     if (RTEST(rb_funcall(val, '>', 1, INT2FIX(0)))) return 1;
@@ -114,38 +2948,39 @@ rb_cmpint(VALUE val, VALUE a, VALUE b)
     return 0;
 }
 
-#define RBIGNUM_SET_LEN(b,l) \
-    ((RBASIC(b)->flags & RBIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG) ? \
+#define BIGNUM_SET_LEN(b,l) \
+    (BIGNUM_EMBED_P(b) ? \
      (void)(RBASIC(b)->flags = \
-	    (RBASIC(b)->flags & ~RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK) | \
-	    ((l) << RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT)) : \
+	    (RBASIC(b)->flags & ~BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK) | \
+	    ((l) << BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT)) : \
      (void)(RBIGNUM(b)->as.heap.len = (l)))
 
 static void
-rb_big_realloc(VALUE big, long len)
+rb_big_realloc(VALUE big, size_t len)
 {
     BDIGIT *ds;
-    if (RBASIC(big)->flags & RBIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG) {
-	if (RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX < len) {
+    if (BIGNUM_EMBED_P(big)) {
+	if (BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX < len) {
 	    ds = ALLOC_N(BDIGIT, len);
-	    MEMCPY(ds, RBIGNUM(big)->as.ary, BDIGIT, RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX);
-	    RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.len = RBIGNUM_LEN(big);
+	    MEMCPY(ds, RBIGNUM(big)->as.ary, BDIGIT, BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX);
+	    RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.len = BIGNUM_LEN(big);
 	    RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.digits = ds;
-	    RBASIC(big)->flags &= ~RBIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG;
+            FL_UNSET_RAW(big, BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG);
 	}
     }
     else {
-	if (len <= RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
+	if (len <= BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
 	    ds = RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.digits;
-	    RBASIC(big)->flags |= RBIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG;
-	    RBIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, len);
+            FL_SET_RAW(big, BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG);
+	    BIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, len);
+            (void)VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED((void*)RBIGNUM(big)->as.ary, sizeof(RBIGNUM(big)->as.ary));
 	    if (ds) {
 		MEMCPY(RBIGNUM(big)->as.ary, ds, BDIGIT, len);
 		xfree(ds);
 	    }
 	}
 	else {
-	    if (RBIGNUM_LEN(big) == 0) {
+	    if (BIGNUM_LEN(big) == 0) {
 		RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.digits = ALLOC_N(BDIGIT, len);
 	    }
 	    else {
@@ -156,34 +2991,33 @@ rb_big_realloc(VALUE big, long len)
 }
 
 void
-rb_big_resize(VALUE big, long len)
+rb_big_resize(VALUE big, size_t len)
 {
     rb_big_realloc(big, len);
-    RBIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, len);
+    BIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, len);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-bignew_1(VALUE klass, long len, int sign)
+bignew_1(VALUE klass, size_t len, int sign)
 {
-    NEWOBJ(big, struct RBignum);
-    OBJSETUP(big, klass, T_BIGNUM);
-    RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(big, sign?1:0);
-    if (len <= RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
-	RBASIC(big)->flags |= RBIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG;
-	RBIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, len);
+    NEWOBJ_OF(big, struct RBignum, klass, T_BIGNUM | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_BIGNUM ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0));
+    VALUE bigv = (VALUE)big;
+    BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(bigv, sign);
+    if (len <= BIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
+        FL_SET_RAW(bigv, BIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG);
+        BIGNUM_SET_LEN(bigv, len);
+        (void)VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED((void*)big->as.ary, sizeof(big->as.ary));
     }
     else {
-	RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.digits = ALLOC_N(BDIGIT, len);
-	RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.len = len;
+        big->as.heap.digits = ALLOC_N(BDIGIT, len);
+        big->as.heap.len = len;
     }
-
-    return (VALUE)big;
+    OBJ_FREEZE(bigv);
+    return bigv;
 }
 
-#define bignew(len,sign) bignew_1(rb_cBignum,(len),(sign))
-
 VALUE
-rb_big_new(long len, int sign)
+rb_big_new(size_t len, int sign)
 {
     return bignew(len, sign != 0);
 }
@@ -191,33 +3025,29 @@ rb_big_new(long len, int sign)
 VALUE
 rb_big_clone(VALUE x)
 {
-    long len = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-    VALUE z = bignew_1(CLASS_OF(x), len, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x));
+    size_t len = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+    VALUE z = bignew_1(CLASS_OF(x), len, BIGNUM_SIGN(x));
 
     MEMCPY(BDIGITS(z), BDIGITS(x), BDIGIT, len);
     return z;
 }
 
+static void
+big_extend_carry(VALUE x)
+{
+    rb_big_resize(x, BIGNUM_LEN(x)+1);
+    BDIGITS(x)[BIGNUM_LEN(x)-1] = 1;
+}
+
 /* modify a bignum by 2's complement */
 static void
 get2comp(VALUE x)
 {
-    long i = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
+    long i = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
     BDIGIT *ds = BDIGITS(x);
-    BDIGIT_DBL num;
 
-    if (!i) return;
-    while (i--) ds[i] = ~ds[i];
-    i = 0; num = 1;
-    do {
-	num += ds[i];
-	ds[i++] = BIGLO(num);
-	num = BIGDN(num);
-    } while (i < RBIGNUM_LEN(x));
-    if (num != 0) {
-	rb_big_resize(x, RBIGNUM_LEN(x)+1);
-	ds = BDIGITS(x);
-	ds[RBIGNUM_LEN(x)-1] = 1;
+    if (bary_2comp(ds, i)) {
+        big_extend_carry(x);
     }
 }
 
@@ -227,15 +3057,45 @@ rb_big_2comp(VALUE x)			/* get 2's complement */
     get2comp(x);
 }
 
+static BDIGIT
+abs2twocomp(VALUE *xp, long *n_ret)
+{
+    VALUE x = *xp;
+    long n = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+    BDIGIT *ds = BDIGITS(x);
+    BDIGIT hibits = 0;
+
+    BARY_TRUNC(ds, n);
+
+    if (n != 0 && BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(x)) {
+        VALUE z = bignew_1(CLASS_OF(x), n, 0);
+        MEMCPY(BDIGITS(z), ds, BDIGIT, n);
+        bary_2comp(BDIGITS(z), n);
+        hibits = BDIGMAX;
+	*xp = z;
+    }
+    *n_ret = n;
+    return hibits;
+}
+
+static void
+twocomp2abs_bang(VALUE x, int hibits)
+{
+    BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(x, !hibits);
+    if (hibits) {
+        get2comp(x);
+    }
+}
+
 static inline VALUE
 bigtrunc(VALUE x)
 {
-    long len = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
+    size_t len = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
     BDIGIT *ds = BDIGITS(x);
 
     if (len == 0) return x;
     while (--len && !ds[len]);
-    if (RBIGNUM_LEN(x) > len+1) {
+    if (BIGNUM_LEN(x) > len+1) {
 	rb_big_resize(x, len+1);
     }
     return x;
@@ -244,36 +3104,52 @@ bigtrunc(VALUE x)
 static inline VALUE
 bigfixize(VALUE x)
 {
-    long len = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
+    size_t n = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
     BDIGIT *ds = BDIGITS(x);
-
-    if (len == 0) return INT2FIX(0);
-    if ((size_t)(len*SIZEOF_BDIGITS) <= sizeof(long)) {
-	long num = 0;
-#if 2*SIZEOF_BDIGITS > SIZEOF_LONG
-	num = (long)ds[0];
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT < SIZEOF_LONG
+    unsigned long u;
 #else
-	while (len--) {
-	    num = (long)(BIGUP(num) + ds[len]);
-	}
+    BDIGIT u;
 #endif
-	if (num >= 0) {
-	    if (RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) {
-		if (POSFIXABLE(num)) return LONG2FIX(num);
-	    }
-	    else {
-		if (NEGFIXABLE(-num)) return LONG2FIX(-num);
-	    }
-	}
+
+    BARY_TRUNC(ds, n);
+
+    if (n == 0) return INT2FIX(0);
+
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT < SIZEOF_LONG
+    if (sizeof(long)/SIZEOF_BDIGIT < n)
+        goto return_big;
+    else {
+        int i = (int)n;
+        u = 0;
+        while (i--) {
+            u = (unsigned long)(BIGUP(u) + ds[i]);
+        }
+    }
+#else /* SIZEOF_BDIGIT >= SIZEOF_LONG */
+    if (1 < n)
+        goto return_big;
+    else
+        u = ds[0];
+#endif
+
+    if (BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(x)) {
+        if (POSFIXABLE(u)) return LONG2FIX((long)u);
+    }
+    else {
+        if (u <= -FIXNUM_MIN) return LONG2FIX(-(long)u);
     }
+
+  return_big:
+    rb_big_resize(x, n);
     return x;
 }
 
 static VALUE
 bignorm(VALUE x)
 {
-    if (!FIXNUM_P(x) && TYPE(x) == T_BIGNUM) {
-	x = bigfixize(bigtrunc(x));
+    if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(x)) {
+	x = bigfixize(x);
     }
     return x;
 }
@@ -285,337 +3161,947 @@ rb_big_norm(VALUE x)
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_uint2big(VALUE n)
+rb_uint2big(uintptr_t n)
 {
-    BDIGIT_DBL num = n;
-    long i = 0;
-    BDIGIT *digits;
-    VALUE big;
+    long i;
+    VALUE big = bignew(bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_VALUE), 1);
+    BDIGIT *digits = BDIGITS(big);
 
-    big = bignew(DIGSPERLONG, 1);
-    digits = BDIGITS(big);
-    while (i < DIGSPERLONG) {
-	digits[i++] = BIGLO(num);
-	num = BIGDN(num);
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT >= SIZEOF_VALUE
+    digits[0] = n;
+#else
+    for (i = 0; i < bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_VALUE); i++) {
+	digits[i] = BIGLO(n);
+	n = BIGDN(n);
     }
+#endif
 
-    i = DIGSPERLONG;
+    i = bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_VALUE);
     while (--i && !digits[i]) ;
-    RBIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, i+1);
+    BIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, i+1);
     return big;
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_int2big(SIGNED_VALUE n)
+rb_int2big(intptr_t n)
 {
     long neg = 0;
+    VALUE u;
     VALUE big;
 
     if (n < 0) {
-	n = -n;
+        u = 1 + (VALUE)(-(n + 1)); /* u = -n avoiding overflow */
 	neg = 1;
     }
-    big = rb_uint2big(n);
+    else {
+        u = n;
+    }
+    big = rb_uint2big(u);
     if (neg) {
-	RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(big, 0);
+	BIGNUM_SET_NEGATIVE_SIGN(big);
     }
     return big;
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_uint2inum(VALUE n)
+rb_uint2inum(uintptr_t n)
 {
     if (POSFIXABLE(n)) return LONG2FIX(n);
     return rb_uint2big(n);
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_int2inum(SIGNED_VALUE n)
+rb_int2inum(intptr_t n)
 {
     if (FIXABLE(n)) return LONG2FIX(n);
     return rb_int2big(n);
 }
 
-#if SIZEOF_LONG % SIZEOF_BDIGITS != 0
-# error unexpected SIZEOF_LONG : SIZEOF_BDIGITS ratio
-#endif
+void
+rb_big_pack(VALUE val, unsigned long *buf, long num_longs)
+{
+    rb_integer_pack(val, buf, num_longs, sizeof(long), 0,
+            INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST|INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER|
+            INTEGER_PACK_2COMP);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_big_unpack(unsigned long *buf, long num_longs)
+{
+    return rb_integer_unpack(buf, num_longs, sizeof(long), 0,
+            INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST|INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER|
+            INTEGER_PACK_2COMP);
+}
 
 /*
- * buf is an array of long integers.
- * buf is ordered from least significant word to most significant word.
- * buf[0] is the least significant word and
- * buf[num_longs-1] is the most significant word.
- * This means words in buf is little endian.
- * However each word in buf is native endian.
- * (buf[i]&1) is the least significant bit and
- * (buf[i]&(1<<(SIZEOF_LONG*CHAR_BIT-1))) is the most significant bit
- * for each 0 <= i < num_longs.
- * So buf is little endian at whole on a little endian machine.
- * But buf is mixed endian on a big endian machine.
+ * Calculate the number of bytes to be required to represent
+ * the absolute value of the integer given as _val_.
+ *
+ * [val] an integer.
+ * [nlz_bits_ret] number of leading zero bits in the most significant byte is returned if not NULL.
+ *
+ * This function returns ((val_numbits * CHAR_BIT + CHAR_BIT - 1) / CHAR_BIT)
+ * where val_numbits is the number of bits of abs(val).
+ * This function should not overflow.
+ *
+ * If nlz_bits_ret is not NULL,
+ * (return_value * CHAR_BIT - val_numbits) is stored in *nlz_bits_ret.
+ * In this case, 0 <= *nlz_bits_ret < CHAR_BIT.
+ *
  */
-void
-rb_big_pack(VALUE val, unsigned long *buf, long num_longs)
+size_t
+rb_absint_size(VALUE val, int *nlz_bits_ret)
 {
+    BDIGIT *dp;
+    BDIGIT *de;
+    BDIGIT fixbuf[bdigit_roomof(sizeof(long))];
+
+    int num_leading_zeros;
+
     val = rb_to_int(val);
-    if (num_longs == 0)
-        return;
+
     if (FIXNUM_P(val)) {
-        long i;
-        long tmp = FIX2LONG(val);
-        buf[0] = (unsigned long)tmp;
-        tmp = tmp < 0 ? ~0L : 0;
-        for (i = 1; i < num_longs; i++)
-            buf[i] = (unsigned long)tmp;
-        return;
-    }
-    else {
-        long len = RBIGNUM_LEN(val);
-        BDIGIT *ds = BDIGITS(val), *dend = ds + len;
-        long i, j;
-        for (i = 0; i < num_longs && ds < dend; i++) {
-            unsigned long l = 0;
-            for (j = 0; j < DIGSPERLONG && ds < dend; j++, ds++) {
-                l |= ((unsigned long)*ds << (j * BITSPERDIG));
-            }
-            buf[i] = l;
+        long v = FIX2LONG(val);
+        if (v < 0) {
+            v = -v;
         }
-        for (; i < num_longs; i++)
-            buf[i] = 0;
-        if (RBIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(val)) {
-            for (i = 0; i < num_longs; i++) {
-                buf[i] = ~buf[i];
-            }
-            for (i = 0; i < num_longs; i++) {
-                buf[i]++;
-                if (buf[i] != 0)
-                    return;
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT >= SIZEOF_LONG
+        fixbuf[0] = v;
+#else
+        {
+            int i;
+            for (i = 0; i < numberof(fixbuf); i++) {
+                fixbuf[i] = BIGLO(v);
+                v = BIGDN(v);
             }
         }
+#endif
+        dp = fixbuf;
+        de = fixbuf + numberof(fixbuf);
+    }
+    else {
+        dp = BDIGITS(val);
+        de = dp + BIGNUM_LEN(val);
+    }
+    while (dp < de && de[-1] == 0)
+        de--;
+    if (dp == de) {
+        if (nlz_bits_ret)
+            *nlz_bits_ret = 0;
+        return 0;
     }
+    num_leading_zeros = nlz(de[-1]);
+    if (nlz_bits_ret)
+        *nlz_bits_ret = num_leading_zeros % CHAR_BIT;
+    return (de - dp) * SIZEOF_BDIGIT - num_leading_zeros / CHAR_BIT;
 }
 
-/* See rb_big_pack comment for endianness of buf. */
-VALUE
-rb_big_unpack(unsigned long *buf, long num_longs)
+static size_t
+absint_numwords_small(size_t numbytes, int nlz_bits_in_msbyte, size_t word_numbits, size_t *nlz_bits_ret)
 {
-    while (2 <= num_longs) {
-        if (buf[num_longs-1] == 0 && (long)buf[num_longs-2] >= 0)
-            num_longs--;
-        else if (buf[num_longs-1] == ~0UL && (long)buf[num_longs-2] < 0)
-            num_longs--;
-        else
-            break;
+    size_t val_numbits = numbytes * CHAR_BIT - nlz_bits_in_msbyte;
+    size_t div = val_numbits / word_numbits;
+    size_t mod = val_numbits % word_numbits;
+    size_t numwords;
+    size_t nlz_bits;
+    numwords = mod == 0 ? div : div + 1;
+    nlz_bits = mod == 0 ? 0 : word_numbits - mod;
+    *nlz_bits_ret = nlz_bits;
+    return numwords;
+}
+
+static size_t
+absint_numwords_generic(size_t numbytes, int nlz_bits_in_msbyte, size_t word_numbits, size_t *nlz_bits_ret)
+{
+    static const BDIGIT char_bit[1] = { CHAR_BIT };
+    BDIGIT numbytes_bary[bdigit_roomof(sizeof(numbytes))];
+    BDIGIT val_numbits_bary[bdigit_roomof(sizeof(numbytes) + 1)];
+    BDIGIT nlz_bits_in_msbyte_bary[1];
+    BDIGIT word_numbits_bary[bdigit_roomof(sizeof(word_numbits))];
+    BDIGIT div_bary[numberof(val_numbits_bary) + BIGDIVREM_EXTRA_WORDS];
+    BDIGIT mod_bary[numberof(word_numbits_bary)];
+    BDIGIT one[1] = { 1 };
+    size_t nlz_bits;
+    size_t mod;
+    int sign;
+    size_t numwords;
+
+    nlz_bits_in_msbyte_bary[0] = nlz_bits_in_msbyte;
+
+    /*
+     * val_numbits = numbytes * CHAR_BIT - nlz_bits_in_msbyte
+     * div, mod = val_numbits.divmod(word_numbits)
+     * numwords = mod == 0 ? div : div + 1
+     * nlz_bits = mod == 0 ? 0 : word_numbits - mod
+     */
+
+    bary_unpack(BARY_ARGS(numbytes_bary), &numbytes, 1, sizeof(numbytes), 0,
+        INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER);
+    BARY_SHORT_MUL(val_numbits_bary, numbytes_bary, char_bit);
+    if (nlz_bits_in_msbyte)
+        BARY_SUB(val_numbits_bary, val_numbits_bary, nlz_bits_in_msbyte_bary);
+    bary_unpack(BARY_ARGS(word_numbits_bary), &word_numbits, 1, sizeof(word_numbits), 0,
+        INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER);
+    BARY_DIVMOD(div_bary, mod_bary, val_numbits_bary, word_numbits_bary);
+    if (BARY_ZERO_P(mod_bary)) {
+        nlz_bits = 0;
     }
-    if (num_longs == 0)
-        return INT2FIX(0);
-    else if (num_longs == 1)
-        return LONG2NUM((long)buf[0]);
-    else {
-        VALUE big;
-        BDIGIT *ds;
-        long len = num_longs * DIGSPERLONG;
-        long i;
-        big = bignew(len, 1);
-        ds = BDIGITS(big);
-        for (i = 0; i < num_longs; i++) {
-            unsigned long d = buf[i];
-#if SIZEOF_LONG == SIZEOF_BDIGITS
-            *ds++ = d;
-#else
-            int j;
-            for (j = 0; j < DIGSPERLONG; j++) {
-                *ds++ = BIGLO(d);
-                d = BIGDN(d);
-            }
+    else {
+        BARY_ADD(div_bary, div_bary, one);
+        bary_pack(+1, BARY_ARGS(mod_bary), &mod, 1, sizeof(mod), 0,
+            INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER);
+        nlz_bits = word_numbits - mod;
+    }
+    sign = bary_pack(+1, BARY_ARGS(div_bary), &numwords, 1, sizeof(numwords), 0,
+        INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER);
+
+    if (sign == 2) {
+#if defined __GNUC__ && (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ == 4)
+	*nlz_bits_ret = 0;
 #endif
-        }
-        if ((long)buf[num_longs-1] < 0) {
-            get2comp(big);
-            RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(big, 0);
-        }
-        return bignorm(big);
+        return (size_t)-1;
     }
+    *nlz_bits_ret = nlz_bits;
+    return numwords;
 }
 
-#define QUAD_SIZE 8
+/*
+ * Calculate the number of words to be required to represent
+ * the absolute value of the integer given as _val_.
+ *
+ * [val] an integer.
+ * [word_numbits] number of bits in a word.
+ * [nlz_bits_ret] number of leading zero bits in the most significant word is returned if not NULL.
+ *
+ * This function returns ((val_numbits * CHAR_BIT + word_numbits - 1) / word_numbits)
+ * where val_numbits is the number of bits of abs(val).
+ *
+ * This function can overflow.
+ * When overflow occur, (size_t)-1 is returned.
+ *
+ * If nlz_bits_ret is not NULL and overflow is not occur,
+ * (return_value * word_numbits - val_numbits) is stored in *nlz_bits_ret.
+ * In this case, 0 <= *nlz_bits_ret < word_numbits.
+ *
+ */
+size_t
+rb_absint_numwords(VALUE val, size_t word_numbits, size_t *nlz_bits_ret)
+{
+    size_t numbytes;
+    int nlz_bits_in_msbyte;
+    size_t numwords;
+    size_t nlz_bits = 0;
+
+    if (word_numbits == 0)
+        return (size_t)-1;
+
+    numbytes = rb_absint_size(val, &nlz_bits_in_msbyte);
+
+    if (numbytes <= SIZE_MAX / CHAR_BIT) {
+        numwords = absint_numwords_small(numbytes, nlz_bits_in_msbyte, word_numbits, &nlz_bits);
+#ifdef DEBUG_INTEGER_PACK
+        {
+            size_t numwords0, nlz_bits0;
+            numwords0 = absint_numwords_generic(numbytes, nlz_bits_in_msbyte, word_numbits, &nlz_bits0);
+            assert(numwords0 == numwords);
+            assert(nlz_bits0 == nlz_bits);
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+    else {
+        numwords = absint_numwords_generic(numbytes, nlz_bits_in_msbyte, word_numbits, &nlz_bits);
+    }
+    if (numwords == (size_t)-1)
+        return numwords;
 
-#if SIZEOF_LONG_LONG == QUAD_SIZE && SIZEOF_BDIGITS*2 == SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+    if (nlz_bits_ret)
+        *nlz_bits_ret = nlz_bits;
 
-void
-rb_quad_pack(char *buf, VALUE val)
+    return numwords;
+}
+
+/* Test abs(val) consists only a bit or not.
+ *
+ * Returns 1 if abs(val) == 1 << n for some n >= 0.
+ * Returns 0 otherwise.
+ *
+ * rb_absint_singlebit_p can be used to determine required buffer size
+ * for rb_integer_pack used with INTEGER_PACK_2COMP (two's complement).
+ *
+ * Following example calculates number of bits required to
+ * represent val in two's complement number, without sign bit.
+ *
+ *   size_t size;
+ *   int neg = FIXNUM_P(val) ? FIX2LONG(val) < 0 : BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(val);
+ *   size = rb_absint_numwords(val, 1, NULL)
+ *   if (size == (size_t)-1) ...overflow...
+ *   if (neg && rb_absint_singlebit_p(val))
+ *     size--;
+ *
+ * Following example calculates number of bytes required to
+ * represent val in two's complement number, with sign bit.
+ *
+ *   size_t size;
+ *   int neg = FIXNUM_P(val) ? FIX2LONG(val) < 0 : BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(val);
+ *   int nlz_bits;
+ *   size = rb_absint_size(val, &nlz_bits);
+ *   if (nlz_bits == 0 && !(neg && rb_absint_singlebit_p(val)))
+ *     size++;
+ */
+int
+rb_absint_singlebit_p(VALUE val)
 {
-    LONG_LONG q;
+    BDIGIT *dp;
+    BDIGIT *de;
+    BDIGIT fixbuf[bdigit_roomof(sizeof(long))];
+    BDIGIT d;
 
     val = rb_to_int(val);
+
     if (FIXNUM_P(val)) {
-	q = FIX2LONG(val);
+        long v = FIX2LONG(val);
+        if (v < 0) {
+            v = -v;
+        }
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT >= SIZEOF_LONG
+        fixbuf[0] = v;
+#else
+        {
+            int i;
+            for (i = 0; i < numberof(fixbuf); i++) {
+                fixbuf[i] = BIGLO(v);
+                v = BIGDN(v);
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+        dp = fixbuf;
+        de = fixbuf + numberof(fixbuf);
     }
     else {
-	long len = RBIGNUM_LEN(val);
-	BDIGIT *ds;
+        dp = BDIGITS(val);
+        de = dp + BIGNUM_LEN(val);
+    }
+    while (dp < de && de[-1] == 0)
+        de--;
+    while (dp < de && dp[0] == 0)
+        dp++;
+    if (dp == de) /* no bit set. */
+        return 0;
+    if (dp != de-1) /* two non-zero words. two bits set, at least. */
+        return 0;
+    d = *dp;
+    return POW2_P(d);
+}
 
-	if (len > SIZEOF_LONG_LONG/SIZEOF_BDIGITS) {
-	    len = SIZEOF_LONG_LONG/SIZEOF_BDIGITS;
-	}
-	ds = BDIGITS(val);
-	q = 0;
-	while (len--) {
-	    q = BIGUP(q);
-	    q += ds[len];
-	}
-	if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(val)) q = -q;
+
+/*
+ * Export an integer into a buffer.
+ *
+ * This function fills the buffer specified by _words_ and _numwords_ as
+ * val in the format specified by _wordsize_, _nails_ and _flags_.
+ *
+ * [val] Fixnum, Bignum or another integer like object which has to_int method.
+ * [words] buffer to export abs(val).
+ * [numwords] the size of given buffer as number of words.
+ * [wordsize] the size of word as number of bytes.
+ * [nails] number of padding bits in a word.
+ *   Most significant nails bits of each word are filled by zero.
+ * [flags] bitwise or of constants which name starts "INTEGER_PACK_".
+ *
+ * flags:
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_MSWORD_FIRST] Store the most significant word as the first word.
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST] Store the least significant word as the first word.
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST] Store the most significant byte in a word as the first byte in the word.
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_LSBYTE_FIRST] Store the least significant byte in a word as the first byte in the word.
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER] INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST or INTEGER_PACK_LSBYTE_FIRST corresponding to the host's endian.
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_2COMP] Use 2's complement representation.
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_LITTLE_ENDIAN] Same as INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST|INTEGER_PACK_LSBYTE_FIRST
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_BIG_ENDIAN] Same as INTEGER_PACK_MSWORD_FIRST|INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_FORCE_GENERIC_IMPLEMENTATION] Use generic implementation (for test and debug).
+ *
+ * This function fills the buffer specified by _words_
+ * as abs(val) if INTEGER_PACK_2COMP is not specified in _flags_.
+ * If INTEGER_PACK_2COMP is specified, 2's complement representation of val is
+ * filled in the buffer.
+ *
+ * This function returns the signedness and overflow condition.
+ * The overflow condition depends on INTEGER_PACK_2COMP.
+ *
+ * INTEGER_PACK_2COMP is not specified:
+ *   -2 : negative overflow.  val <= -2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails))
+ *   -1 : negative without overflow.  -2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails)) < val < 0
+ *   0 : zero.  val == 0
+ *   1 : positive without overflow.  0 < val < 2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails))
+ *   2 : positive overflow.  2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails)) <= val
+ *
+ * INTEGER_PACK_2COMP is specified:
+ *   -2 : negative overflow.  val < -2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails))
+ *   -1 : negative without overflow.  -2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails)) <= val < 0
+ *   0 : zero.  val == 0
+ *   1 : positive without overflow.  0 < val < 2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails))
+ *   2 : positive overflow.  2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails)) <= val
+ *
+ * The value, -2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails)), is representable
+ * in 2's complement representation but not representable in absolute value.
+ * So -1 is returned for the value if INTEGER_PACK_2COMP is specified
+ * but returns -2 if INTEGER_PACK_2COMP is not specified.
+ *
+ * The least significant words are filled in the buffer when overflow occur.
+ */
+
+int
+rb_integer_pack(VALUE val, void *words, size_t numwords, size_t wordsize, size_t nails, int flags)
+{
+    int sign;
+    BDIGIT *ds;
+    size_t num_bdigits;
+    BDIGIT fixbuf[bdigit_roomof(sizeof(long))];
+
+    RB_GC_GUARD(val) = rb_to_int(val);
+
+    if (FIXNUM_P(val)) {
+        long v = FIX2LONG(val);
+        if (v < 0) {
+            sign = -1;
+            v = -v;
+        }
+        else {
+            sign = 1;
+        }
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT >= SIZEOF_LONG
+        fixbuf[0] = v;
+#else
+        {
+            int i;
+            for (i = 0; i < numberof(fixbuf); i++) {
+                fixbuf[i] = BIGLO(v);
+                v = BIGDN(v);
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+        ds = fixbuf;
+        num_bdigits = numberof(fixbuf);
     }
-    memcpy(buf, (char*)&q, SIZEOF_LONG_LONG);
+    else {
+        sign = BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(val) ? 1 : -1;
+        ds = BDIGITS(val);
+        num_bdigits = BIGNUM_LEN(val);
+    }
+
+    return bary_pack(sign, ds, num_bdigits, words, numwords, wordsize, nails, flags);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Import an integer from a buffer.
+ *
+ * [words] buffer to import.
+ * [numwords] the size of given buffer as number of words.
+ * [wordsize] the size of word as number of bytes.
+ * [nails] number of padding bits in a word.
+ *   Most significant nails bits of each word are ignored.
+ * [flags] bitwise or of constants which name starts "INTEGER_PACK_".
+ *
+ * flags:
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_MSWORD_FIRST] Interpret the first word as the most significant word.
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST] Interpret the first word as the least significant word.
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST] Interpret the first byte in a word as the most significant byte in the word.
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_LSBYTE_FIRST] Interpret the first byte in a word as the least significant byte in the word.
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER] INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST or INTEGER_PACK_LSBYTE_FIRST corresponding to the host's endian.
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_2COMP] Use 2's complement representation.
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_LITTLE_ENDIAN] Same as INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST|INTEGER_PACK_LSBYTE_FIRST
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_BIG_ENDIAN] Same as INTEGER_PACK_MSWORD_FIRST|INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_FORCE_BIGNUM] the result will be a Bignum
+ *   even if it is representable as a Fixnum.
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE] Returns non-positive value.
+ *   (Returns non-negative value if not specified.)
+ * [INTEGER_PACK_FORCE_GENERIC_IMPLEMENTATION] Use generic implementation (for test and debug).
+ *
+ * This function returns the imported integer as Fixnum or Bignum.
+ *
+ * The range of the result value depends on INTEGER_PACK_2COMP and INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE.
+ *
+ * INTEGER_PACK_2COMP is not set:
+ *   0 <= val < 2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails)) if !INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE
+ *   -2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails)) < val <= 0 if INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE
+ *
+ * INTEGER_PACK_2COMP is set:
+ *   -2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails)-1) <= val <= 2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails)-1)-1 if !INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE
+ *   -2**(numwords*(wordsize*CHAR_BIT-nails)) <= val <= -1 if INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE
+ *
+ * INTEGER_PACK_2COMP without INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE means sign extension.
+ * INTEGER_PACK_2COMP with INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE mean assuming the higher bits are 1.
+ *
+ * Note that this function returns 0 when numwords is zero and
+ * INTEGER_PACK_2COMP is set but INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE is not set.
+ */
+
 VALUE
-rb_quad_unpack(const char *buf, int sign)
+rb_integer_unpack(const void *words, size_t numwords, size_t wordsize, size_t nails, int flags)
 {
-    unsigned LONG_LONG q;
-    long neg = 0;
-    long i;
-    BDIGIT *digits;
-    VALUE big;
-
-    memcpy(&q, buf, SIZEOF_LONG_LONG);
-    if (sign) {
-	if (FIXABLE((LONG_LONG)q)) return LONG2FIX((LONG_LONG)q);
-	if ((LONG_LONG)q < 0) {
-	    q = -(LONG_LONG)q;
-	    neg = 1;
-	}
+    VALUE val;
+    size_t num_bdigits;
+    int sign;
+    int nlp_bits;
+    BDIGIT *ds;
+    BDIGIT fixbuf[2] = { 0, 0 };
+
+    validate_integer_pack_format(numwords, wordsize, nails, flags,
+            INTEGER_PACK_MSWORD_FIRST|
+            INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST|
+            INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST|
+            INTEGER_PACK_LSBYTE_FIRST|
+            INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER|
+            INTEGER_PACK_2COMP|
+            INTEGER_PACK_FORCE_BIGNUM|
+            INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE|
+            INTEGER_PACK_FORCE_GENERIC_IMPLEMENTATION);
+
+    num_bdigits = integer_unpack_num_bdigits(numwords, wordsize, nails, &nlp_bits);
+
+    if (LONG_MAX-1 < num_bdigits)
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too big to unpack as an integer");
+    if (num_bdigits <= numberof(fixbuf) && !(flags & INTEGER_PACK_FORCE_BIGNUM)) {
+        val = Qfalse;
+        ds = fixbuf;
     }
     else {
-	if (POSFIXABLE(q)) return LONG2FIX(q);
+        val = bignew((long)num_bdigits, 0);
+        ds = BDIGITS(val);
     }
+    sign = bary_unpack_internal(ds, num_bdigits, words, numwords, wordsize, nails, flags, nlp_bits);
 
-    i = 0;
-    big = bignew(DIGSPERLL, 1);
-    digits = BDIGITS(big);
-    while (i < DIGSPERLL) {
-	digits[i++] = BIGLO(q);
-	q = BIGDN(q);
+    if (sign == -2) {
+        if (val) {
+            big_extend_carry(val);
+        }
+        else if (num_bdigits == numberof(fixbuf)) {
+            val = bignew((long)num_bdigits+1, 0);
+	    MEMCPY(BDIGITS(val), fixbuf, BDIGIT, num_bdigits);
+            BDIGITS(val)[num_bdigits++] = 1;
+        }
+        else {
+            ds[num_bdigits++] = 1;
+        }
     }
 
-    i = DIGSPERLL;
-    while (i-- && !digits[i]) ;
-    RBIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, i+1);
-
-    if (neg) {
-	RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(big, 0);
+    if (!val) {
+        BDIGIT_DBL u = fixbuf[0] + BIGUP(fixbuf[1]);
+        if (u == 0)
+            return LONG2FIX(0);
+	if (0 < sign && POSFIXABLE(u))
+            return LONG2FIX(u);
+	if (sign < 0 && BDIGIT_MSB(fixbuf[1]) == 0 &&
+                NEGFIXABLE(-(BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)u))
+            return LONG2FIX(-(BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)u);
+        val = bignew((long)num_bdigits, 0 <= sign);
+        MEMCPY(BDIGITS(val), fixbuf, BDIGIT, num_bdigits);
     }
-    return bignorm(big);
+
+    if ((flags & INTEGER_PACK_FORCE_BIGNUM) && sign != 0 &&
+        bary_zero_p(BDIGITS(val), BIGNUM_LEN(val)))
+        sign = 0;
+    BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(val, 0 <= sign);
+
+    if (flags & INTEGER_PACK_FORCE_BIGNUM)
+        return bigtrunc(val);
+    return bignorm(val);
 }
 
-#else
+#define conv_digit(c) (ruby_digit36_to_number_table[(unsigned char)(c)])
+
+NORETURN(static inline void invalid_radix(int base));
+NORETURN(static inline void invalid_integer(VALUE s));
+
+static inline int
+valid_radix_p(int base)
+{
+    return (1 < base && base <= 36);
+}
+
+static inline void
+invalid_radix(int base)
+{
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid radix %d", base);
+}
+
+static inline void
+invalid_integer(VALUE s)
+{
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid value for Integer(): %+"PRIsVALUE, s);
+}
 
 static int
-quad_buf_complement(char *buf, size_t len)
+str2big_scan_digits(const char *s, const char *str, int base, int badcheck, size_t *num_digits_p, ssize_t *len_p)
 {
-    size_t i;
-    for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
-        buf[i] = ~buf[i];
-    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-        buf[i]++;
-        if (buf[i] != 0)
-            return 0;
+    char nondigit = 0;
+    size_t num_digits = 0;
+    const char *digits_start = str;
+    const char *digits_end = str;
+    ssize_t len = *len_p;
+
+    int c;
+
+    if (!len) {
+	*num_digits_p = 0;
+	*len_p = 0;
+	return TRUE;
     }
-    return 1;
+
+    if (badcheck && *str == '_') return FALSE;
+
+    while ((c = *str++) != 0) {
+	if (c == '_') {
+	    if (nondigit) {
+                if (badcheck) return FALSE;
+		break;
+	    }
+	    nondigit = (char) c;
+	}
+	else if ((c = conv_digit(c)) < 0 || c >= base) {
+	    break;
+	}
+	else {
+	    nondigit = 0;
+	    num_digits++;
+	    digits_end = str;
+	}
+	if (len > 0 && !--len) break;
+    }
+    if (badcheck && nondigit) return FALSE;
+    if (badcheck && len) {
+	str--;
+	while (*str && ISSPACE(*str)) {
+	    str++;
+	    if (len > 0 && !--len) break;
+	}
+	if (len && *str) {
+	    return FALSE;
+	}
+    }
+    *num_digits_p = num_digits;
+    *len_p = digits_end - digits_start;
+    return TRUE;
 }
 
-void
-rb_quad_pack(char *buf, VALUE val)
-{
-    long len;
+static VALUE
+str2big_poweroftwo(
+    int sign,
+    const char *digits_start,
+    const char *digits_end,
+    size_t num_digits,
+    int bits_per_digit)
+{
+    BDIGIT *dp;
+    BDIGIT_DBL dd;
+    int numbits;
+
+    size_t num_bdigits;
+    const char *p;
+    int c;
+    VALUE z;
 
-    memset(buf, 0, QUAD_SIZE);
-    val = rb_to_int(val);
-    if (FIXNUM_P(val)) {
-	val = rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(val));
+    num_bdigits = (num_digits / BITSPERDIG) * bits_per_digit + roomof((num_digits % BITSPERDIG) * bits_per_digit, BITSPERDIG);
+    z = bignew(num_bdigits, sign);
+    dp = BDIGITS(z);
+    dd = 0;
+    numbits = 0;
+    for (p = digits_end; digits_start < p; p--) {
+        if ((c = conv_digit(p[-1])) < 0)
+            continue;
+        dd |= (BDIGIT_DBL)c << numbits;
+        numbits += bits_per_digit;
+        if (BITSPERDIG <= numbits) {
+            *dp++ = BIGLO(dd);
+            dd = BIGDN(dd);
+            numbits -= BITSPERDIG;
+        }
     }
-    len = RBIGNUM_LEN(val) * SIZEOF_BDIGITS;
-    if (len > QUAD_SIZE) {
-        len = QUAD_SIZE;
+    if (numbits) {
+        *dp++ = BIGLO(dd);
     }
-    memcpy(buf, (char*)BDIGITS(val), len);
-    if (RBIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(val)) {
-        quad_buf_complement(buf, QUAD_SIZE);
+    assert((size_t)(dp - BDIGITS(z)) == num_bdigits);
+
+    return z;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+str2big_normal(
+    int sign,
+    const char *digits_start,
+    const char *digits_end,
+    size_t num_bdigits,
+    int base)
+{
+    size_t blen = 1;
+    BDIGIT *zds;
+    BDIGIT_DBL num;
+
+    size_t i;
+    const char *p;
+    int c;
+    VALUE z;
+
+    z = bignew(num_bdigits, sign);
+    zds = BDIGITS(z);
+    BDIGITS_ZERO(zds, num_bdigits);
+
+    for (p = digits_start; p < digits_end; p++) {
+        if ((c = conv_digit(*p)) < 0)
+            continue;
+        num = c;
+        i = 0;
+        for (;;) {
+            while (i<blen) {
+                num += (BDIGIT_DBL)zds[i]*base;
+                zds[i++] = BIGLO(num);
+                num = BIGDN(num);
+            }
+            if (num) {
+                blen++;
+                continue;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        assert(blen <= num_bdigits);
     }
+
+    return z;
 }
 
-#define BNEG(b) (RSHIFT(((BDIGIT*)(b))[QUAD_SIZE/SIZEOF_BDIGITS-1],BITSPERDIG-1) != 0)
+static VALUE
+str2big_karatsuba(
+    int sign,
+    const char *digits_start,
+    const char *digits_end,
+    size_t num_digits,
+    size_t num_bdigits,
+    int digits_per_bdigits_dbl,
+    int base)
+{
+    VALUE powerv;
+    size_t unit;
+    VALUE tmpuv = 0;
+    BDIGIT *uds, *vds, *tds;
+    BDIGIT_DBL dd;
+    BDIGIT_DBL current_base;
+    int m;
+    int power_level = 0;
 
-VALUE
-rb_quad_unpack(const char *buf, int sign)
-{
-    VALUE big = bignew(QUAD_SIZE/SIZEOF_BDIGITS, 1);
+    size_t i;
+    const char *p;
+    int c;
+    VALUE z;
 
-    memcpy((char*)BDIGITS(big), buf, QUAD_SIZE);
-    if (sign && BNEG(buf)) {
-	char *tmp = (char*)BDIGITS(big);
+    uds = ALLOCV_N(BDIGIT, tmpuv, 2*num_bdigits);
+    vds = uds + num_bdigits;
 
-	RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(big, 0);
-        quad_buf_complement(tmp, QUAD_SIZE);
+    powerv = power_cache_get_power(base, power_level, NULL);
+
+    i = 0;
+    dd = 0;
+    current_base = 1;
+    m = digits_per_bdigits_dbl;
+    if (num_digits < (size_t)m)
+        m = (int)num_digits;
+    for (p = digits_end; digits_start < p; p--) {
+        if ((c = conv_digit(p[-1])) < 0)
+            continue;
+        dd = dd + c * current_base;
+        current_base *= base;
+        num_digits--;
+        m--;
+        if (m == 0) {
+            uds[i++] = BIGLO(dd);
+            uds[i++] = (BDIGIT)BIGDN(dd);
+            dd = 0;
+            m = digits_per_bdigits_dbl;
+            if (num_digits < (size_t)m)
+                m = (int)num_digits;
+            current_base = 1;
+        }
     }
+    assert(i == num_bdigits);
+    for (unit = 2; unit < num_bdigits; unit *= 2) {
+        for (i = 0; i < num_bdigits; i += unit*2) {
+            if (2*unit <= num_bdigits - i) {
+                bary_mul(vds+i, unit*2, BDIGITS(powerv), BIGNUM_LEN(powerv), uds+i+unit, unit);
+                bary_add(vds+i, unit*2, vds+i, unit*2, uds+i, unit);
+            }
+            else if (unit <= num_bdigits - i) {
+                bary_mul(vds+i, num_bdigits-i, BDIGITS(powerv), BIGNUM_LEN(powerv), uds+i+unit, num_bdigits-(i+unit));
+                bary_add(vds+i, num_bdigits-i, vds+i, num_bdigits-i, uds+i, unit);
+            }
+            else {
+                MEMCPY(vds+i, uds+i, BDIGIT, num_bdigits-i);
+            }
+        }
+        power_level++;
+        powerv = power_cache_get_power(base, power_level, NULL);
+        tds = vds;
+        vds = uds;
+        uds = tds;
+    }
+    BARY_TRUNC(uds, num_bdigits);
+    z = bignew(num_bdigits, sign);
+    MEMCPY(BDIGITS(z), uds, BDIGIT, num_bdigits);
+
+    if (tmpuv)
+        ALLOCV_END(tmpuv);
 
-    return bignorm(big);
+    return z;
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_GMP
+static VALUE
+str2big_gmp(
+    int sign,
+    const char *digits_start,
+    const char *digits_end,
+    size_t num_digits,
+    size_t num_bdigits,
+    int base)
+{
+    char *buf, *p;
+    const char *q;
+    VALUE tmps;
+    mpz_t mz;
+    VALUE z;
+    BDIGIT *zds;
+    size_t zn, count;
+
+    buf = ALLOCV_N(char, tmps, num_digits+1);
+    p = buf;
+    for (q = digits_start; q < digits_end; q++) {
+        if (conv_digit(*q) < 0)
+            continue;
+        *p++ = *q;
+    }
+    *p = '\0';
+
+    mpz_init(mz);
+    mpz_set_str(mz, buf, base);
+    zn = num_bdigits;
+    z = bignew(zn, sign);
+    zds = BDIGITS(z);
+    bdigits_from_mpz(mz, BDIGITS(z), &count);
+    BDIGITS_ZERO(zds+count, zn-count);
+    mpz_clear(mz);
+
+    if (tmps)
+        ALLOCV_END(tmps);
+
+    return z;
+}
 #endif
 
+static VALUE rb_cstr_parse_inum(const char *str, ssize_t len, char **endp, int base);
+
+/*
+ * Parse +str+ as Ruby Integer, i.e., underscores, 0d and 0b prefixes.
+ *
+ * str:      pointer to the string to be parsed.
+ *	     should be NUL-terminated.
+ * base:     base of conversion, must be 2..36, or -36..0.
+ *           if +base+ > 0, the conversion is done according to the +base+
+ *           and unmatched prefix is parsed as a part of the result if
+ *           present.
+ *           if +base+ <= 0, the conversion is done according to the
+ *           prefix if present, in base <code>-base</code> if +base+ < -1,
+ *           or in base 10.
+ * badcheck: if non-zero, +ArgumentError+ is raised when +str+ is not
+ *           valid as an Integer.  if zero, Fixnum 0 is returned in
+ *           that case.
+ */
 VALUE
 rb_cstr_to_inum(const char *str, int base, int badcheck)
 {
-    const char *s = str;
     char *end;
-    char sign = 1, nondigit = 0;
-    int c;
-    BDIGIT_DBL num;
-    long len, blen = 1;
-    long i;
-    VALUE z;
-    BDIGIT *zds;
+    VALUE ret = rb_cstr_parse_inum(str, -1, (badcheck ? NULL : &end), base);
+    if (NIL_P(ret)) {
+	if (badcheck) rb_invalid_str(str, "Integer()");
+	ret = INT2FIX(0);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
 
-#undef ISDIGIT
-#define ISDIGIT(c) ('0' <= (c) && (c) <= '9')
-#define conv_digit(c) \
-    (!ISASCII(c) ? -1 : \
-     ISDIGIT(c) ? ((c) - '0') : \
-     ISLOWER(c) ? ((c) - 'a' + 10) : \
-     ISUPPER(c) ? ((c) - 'A' + 10) : \
-     -1)
+/*
+ * Parse +str+ as Ruby Integer, i.e., underscores, 0d and 0b prefixes.
+ *
+ * str:  pointer to the string to be parsed.
+ *       should be NUL-terminated if +len+ is negative.
+ * len:  length of +str+ if >= 0.  if +len+ is negative, +str+ should
+ *       be NUL-terminated.
+ * endp: if non-NULL, the address after parsed part is stored.  if
+ *       NULL, Qnil is returned when +str+ is not valid as an Integer.
+ * ndigits: if non-NULL, the number of parsed digits is stored.
+ * base: see +rb_cstr_to_inum+
+ * flags: bitwise OR of below flags:
+ *       RB_INT_PARSE_SIGN: allow preceding spaces and +/- sign
+ *       RB_INT_PARSE_UNDERSCORE: allow an underscore between digits
+ *       RB_INT_PARSE_PREFIX: allow preceding prefix
+ */
+
+VALUE
+rb_int_parse_cstr(const char *str, ssize_t len, char **endp, size_t *ndigits,
+		  int base, int flags)
+{
+    const char *const s = str;
+    char sign = 1;
+    int c;
+    VALUE z = Qnil;
+
+    unsigned long val;
+    int ov;
+
+    const char *digits_start, *digits_end;
+    size_t num_digits = 0;
+    size_t num_bdigits;
+    const ssize_t len0 = len;
+    const int badcheck = !endp;
+
+#define ADV(n) do {\
+	if (len > 0 && len <= (n)) goto bad; \
+	str += (n); \
+	len -= (n); \
+    } while (0)
+#define ASSERT_LEN() do {\
+	assert(len != 0); \
+	if (len0 >= 0) assert(s + len0 == str + len); \
+    } while (0)
 
     if (!str) {
-	if (badcheck) goto bad;
-	return INT2FIX(0);
+        goto bad;
     }
-    while (ISSPACE(*str)) str++;
+    if (len && (flags & RB_INT_PARSE_SIGN)) {
+	while (ISSPACE(*str)) ADV(1);
 
-    if (str[0] == '+') {
-	str++;
-    }
-    else if (str[0] == '-') {
-	str++;
-	sign = 0;
-    }
-    if (str[0] == '+' || str[0] == '-') {
-	if (badcheck) goto bad;
-	return INT2FIX(0);
+	if (str[0] == '+') {
+	    ADV(1);
+	}
+	else if (str[0] == '-') {
+	    ADV(1);
+	    sign = 0;
+	}
+	ASSERT_LEN();
     }
     if (base <= 0) {
-	if (str[0] == '0') {
+	if (str[0] == '0' && len > 1) {
 	    switch (str[1]) {
 	      case 'x': case 'X':
 		base = 16;
+		ADV(2);
 		break;
 	      case 'b': case 'B':
 		base = 2;
+		ADV(2);
 		break;
 	      case 'o': case 'O':
 		base = 8;
+		ADV(2);
 		break;
 	      case 'd': case 'D':
 		base = 10;
+		ADV(2);
 		break;
 	      default:
 		base = 8;
@@ -628,75 +4114,75 @@ rb_cstr_to_inum(const char *str, int base, int badcheck)
 	    base = 10;
 	}
     }
-    switch (base) {
-      case 2:
-	len = 1;
+    else if (len == 1 || !(flags & RB_INT_PARSE_PREFIX)) {
+	/* no prefix */
+    }
+    else if (base == 2) {
 	if (str[0] == '0' && (str[1] == 'b'||str[1] == 'B')) {
-	    str += 2;
+	    ADV(2);
 	}
-	break;
-      case 3:
-	len = 2;
-	break;
-      case 8:
+    }
+    else if (base == 8) {
 	if (str[0] == '0' && (str[1] == 'o'||str[1] == 'O')) {
-	    str += 2;
+	    ADV(2);
 	}
-      case 4: case 5: case 6: case 7:
-	len = 3;
-	break;
-      case 10:
+    }
+    else if (base == 10) {
 	if (str[0] == '0' && (str[1] == 'd'||str[1] == 'D')) {
-	    str += 2;
+	    ADV(2);
 	}
-      case 9: case 11: case 12: case 13: case 14: case 15:
-	len = 4;
-	break;
-      case 16:
-	len = 4;
+    }
+    else if (base == 16) {
 	if (str[0] == '0' && (str[1] == 'x'||str[1] == 'X')) {
-	    str += 2;
-	}
-	break;
-      default:
-	if (base < 2 || 36 < base) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid radix %d", base);
+	    ADV(2);
 	}
-	if (base <= 32) {
-	    len = 5;
-	}
-	else {
-	    len = 6;
-	}
-	break;
     }
-    if (*str == '0') {		/* squeeze preceding 0s */
+    if (!valid_radix_p(base)) {
+        invalid_radix(base);
+    }
+    if (!len) goto bad;
+    num_digits = str - s;
+    if (*str == '0' && len != 1) { /* squeeze preceding 0s */
 	int us = 0;
-	while ((c = *++str) == '0' || c == '_') {
+	const char *end = len < 0 ? NULL : str + len;
+	++num_digits;
+	while ((c = *++str) == '0' ||
+	       ((flags & RB_INT_PARSE_UNDERSCORE) && c == '_')) {
 	    if (c == '_') {
 		if (++us >= 2)
 		    break;
-	    } else
+	    }
+	    else {
+		++num_digits;
 		us = 0;
+	    }
+	    if (str == end) break;
 	}
-	if (!(c = *str) || ISSPACE(c)) --str;
+	if (!c || ISSPACE(c)) --str;
+	if (end) len = end - str;
+	ASSERT_LEN();
     }
     c = *str;
     c = conv_digit(c);
     if (c < 0 || c >= base) {
-	if (badcheck) goto bad;
-	return INT2FIX(0);
-    }
-    len *= strlen(str)*sizeof(char);
-
-    if ((size_t)len <= (sizeof(long)*CHAR_BIT)) {
-	unsigned long val = STRTOUL(str, &end, base);
-
-	if (str < end && *end == '_') goto bigparse;
+	if (!badcheck && num_digits) z = INT2FIX(0);
+	goto bad;
+    }
+
+    if (ndigits) *ndigits = num_digits;
+    val = ruby_scan_digits(str, len, base, &num_digits, &ov);
+    if (!ov) {
+	const char *end = &str[num_digits];
+	if (num_digits > 0 && *end == '_' && (flags & RB_INT_PARSE_UNDERSCORE))
+	    goto bigparse;
+	if (endp) *endp = (char *)end;
+	if (ndigits) *ndigits += num_digits;
 	if (badcheck) {
-	    if (end == str) goto bad; /* no number */
-	    while (*end && ISSPACE(*end)) end++;
-	    if (*end) goto bad;	      /* trailing garbage */
+	    if (num_digits == 0) return Qnil; /* no number */
+	    while (len < 0 ? *end : end < str + len) {
+		if (!ISSPACE(*end)) return Qnil; /* trailing garbage */
+		end++;
+	    }
 	}
 
 	if (POSFIXABLE(val)) {
@@ -708,110 +4194,272 @@ rb_cstr_to_inum(const char *str, int base, int badcheck)
 	}
 	else {
 	    VALUE big = rb_uint2big(val);
-	    RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(big, sign);
+	    BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(big, sign);
 	    return bignorm(big);
 	}
     }
+
   bigparse:
-    len = (len/BITSPERDIG)+1;
-    if (badcheck && *str == '_') goto bad;
+    digits_start = str;
+    if (!str2big_scan_digits(s, str, base, badcheck, &num_digits, &len))
+	goto bad;
+    if (endp) *endp = (char *)(str + len);
+    if (ndigits) *ndigits += num_digits;
+    digits_end = digits_start + len;
 
-    z = bignew(len, sign);
-    zds = BDIGITS(z);
-    for (i=len;i--;) zds[i]=0;
-    while ((c = *str++) != 0) {
-	if (c == '_') {
-	    if (nondigit) {
-		if (badcheck) goto bad;
-		break;
-	    }
-	    nondigit = c;
-	    continue;
-	}
-	else if ((c = conv_digit(c)) < 0) {
-	    break;
-	}
-	if (c >= base) break;
-	nondigit = 0;
-	i = 0;
-	num = c;
-	for (;;) {
-	    while (i<blen) {
-		num += (BDIGIT_DBL)zds[i]*base;
-		zds[i++] = BIGLO(num);
-		num = BIGDN(num);
-	    }
-	    if (num) {
-		blen++;
-		continue;
-	    }
-	    break;
-	}
+    if (POW2_P(base)) {
+        z = str2big_poweroftwo(sign, digits_start, digits_end, num_digits,
+			       bit_length(base-1));
     }
-    if (badcheck) {
-	str--;
-	if (s+1 < str && str[-1] == '_') goto bad;
-	while (*str && ISSPACE(*str)) str++;
-	if (*str) {
-	  bad:
-	    rb_invalid_str(s, "Integer()");
-	}
+    else {
+        int digits_per_bdigits_dbl;
+        maxpow_in_bdigit_dbl(base, &digits_per_bdigits_dbl);
+        num_bdigits = roomof(num_digits, digits_per_bdigits_dbl)*2;
+
+#ifdef USE_GMP
+        if (GMP_STR2BIG_DIGITS < num_bdigits) {
+            z = str2big_gmp(sign, digits_start, digits_end, num_digits,
+                    num_bdigits, base);
+        }
+        else
+#endif
+        if (num_bdigits < KARATSUBA_MUL_DIGITS) {
+            z = str2big_normal(sign, digits_start, digits_end,
+                    num_bdigits, base);
+        }
+        else {
+            z = str2big_karatsuba(sign, digits_start, digits_end, num_digits,
+                    num_bdigits, digits_per_bdigits_dbl, base);
+        }
     }
 
     return bignorm(z);
+
+  bad:
+    if (endp) *endp = (char *)str;
+    if (ndigits) *ndigits = num_digits;
+    return z;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_cstr_parse_inum(const char *str, ssize_t len, char **endp, int base)
+{
+    return rb_int_parse_cstr(str, len, endp, NULL, base,
+			     RB_INT_PARSE_DEFAULT);
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_str_to_inum(VALUE str, int base, int badcheck)
+rb_str_convert_to_inum(VALUE str, int base, int badcheck, int raise_exception)
 {
-    char *s;
-    long len;
-    VALUE v = 0;
     VALUE ret;
+    const char *s;
+    long len;
+    char *end;
 
     StringValue(str);
-    if (badcheck) {
-	s = StringValueCStr(str);
+    rb_must_asciicompat(str);
+    RSTRING_GETMEM(str, s, len);
+    ret = rb_cstr_parse_inum(s, len, (badcheck ? NULL : &end), base);
+    if (NIL_P(ret)) {
+        if (badcheck) {
+            if (!raise_exception) return Qnil;
+            invalid_integer(str);
+        }
+        ret = INT2FIX(0);
     }
-    else {
-	s = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_str_to_inum(VALUE str, int base, int badcheck)
+{
+    return rb_str_convert_to_inum(str, base, badcheck, TRUE);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_str2big_poweroftwo(VALUE arg, int base, int badcheck)
+{
+    int positive_p = 1;
+    const char *s, *str;
+    const char *digits_start, *digits_end;
+    size_t num_digits;
+    ssize_t len;
+    VALUE z;
+
+    if (!valid_radix_p(base) || !POW2_P(base)) {
+        invalid_radix(base);
     }
-    if (s) {
-	len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
-	if (s[len]) {		/* no sentinel somehow */
-	    char *p = ALLOCV(v, len+1);
 
-	    MEMCPY(p, s, char, len);
-	    p[len] = '\0';
-	    s = p;
-	}
+    rb_must_asciicompat(arg);
+    s = str = StringValueCStr(arg);
+    len = RSTRING_LEN(arg);
+    if (*str == '-') {
+	len--;
+        str++;
+        positive_p = 0;
     }
-    ret = rb_cstr_to_inum(s, base, badcheck);
-    if (v)
-	ALLOCV_END(v);
-    return ret;
+
+    digits_start = str;
+    if (!str2big_scan_digits(s, str, base, badcheck, &num_digits, &len))
+	invalid_integer(arg);
+    digits_end = digits_start + len;
+
+    z = str2big_poweroftwo(positive_p, digits_start, digits_end, num_digits,
+            bit_length(base-1));
+
+    RB_GC_GUARD(arg);
+
+    return bignorm(z);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_str2big_normal(VALUE arg, int base, int badcheck)
+{
+    int positive_p = 1;
+    const char *s, *str;
+    const char *digits_start, *digits_end;
+    size_t num_digits;
+    ssize_t len;
+    VALUE z;
+
+    int digits_per_bdigits_dbl;
+    size_t num_bdigits;
+
+    if (!valid_radix_p(base)) {
+        invalid_radix(base);
+    }
+
+    rb_must_asciicompat(arg);
+    s = str = StringValuePtr(arg);
+    len = RSTRING_LEN(arg);
+    if (len > 0 && *str == '-') {
+	len--;
+        str++;
+        positive_p = 0;
+    }
+
+    digits_start = str;
+    if (!str2big_scan_digits(s, str, base, badcheck, &num_digits, &len))
+	invalid_integer(arg);
+    digits_end = digits_start + len;
+
+    maxpow_in_bdigit_dbl(base, &digits_per_bdigits_dbl);
+    num_bdigits = roomof(num_digits, digits_per_bdigits_dbl)*2;
+
+    z = str2big_normal(positive_p, digits_start, digits_end,
+            num_bdigits, base);
+
+    RB_GC_GUARD(arg);
+
+    return bignorm(z);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_str2big_karatsuba(VALUE arg, int base, int badcheck)
+{
+    int positive_p = 1;
+    const char *s, *str;
+    const char *digits_start, *digits_end;
+    size_t num_digits;
+    ssize_t len;
+    VALUE z;
+
+    int digits_per_bdigits_dbl;
+    size_t num_bdigits;
+
+    if (!valid_radix_p(base)) {
+        invalid_radix(base);
+    }
+
+    rb_must_asciicompat(arg);
+    s = str = StringValuePtr(arg);
+    len = RSTRING_LEN(arg);
+    if (len > 0 && *str == '-') {
+	len--;
+        str++;
+        positive_p = 0;
+    }
+
+    digits_start = str;
+    if (!str2big_scan_digits(s, str, base, badcheck, &num_digits, &len))
+	invalid_integer(arg);
+    digits_end = digits_start + len;
+
+    maxpow_in_bdigit_dbl(base, &digits_per_bdigits_dbl);
+    num_bdigits = roomof(num_digits, digits_per_bdigits_dbl)*2;
+
+    z = str2big_karatsuba(positive_p, digits_start, digits_end, num_digits,
+            num_bdigits, digits_per_bdigits_dbl, base);
+
+    RB_GC_GUARD(arg);
+
+    return bignorm(z);
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_GMP
+VALUE
+rb_str2big_gmp(VALUE arg, int base, int badcheck)
+{
+    int positive_p = 1;
+    const char *s, *str;
+    const char *digits_start, *digits_end;
+    size_t num_digits;
+    ssize_t len;
+    VALUE z;
+
+    int digits_per_bdigits_dbl;
+    size_t num_bdigits;
+
+    if (!valid_radix_p(base)) {
+        invalid_radix(base);
+    }
+
+    rb_must_asciicompat(arg);
+    s = str = StringValuePtr(arg);
+    len = RSTRING_LEN(arg);
+    if (len > 0 && *str == '-') {
+	len--;
+        str++;
+        positive_p = 0;
+    }
+
+    digits_start = str;
+    if (!str2big_scan_digits(s, str, base, badcheck, &num_digits, &len))
+	invalid_integer(arg);
+    digits_end = digits_start + len;
+
+    maxpow_in_bdigit_dbl(base, &digits_per_bdigits_dbl);
+    num_bdigits = roomof(num_digits, digits_per_bdigits_dbl)*2;
+
+    z = str2big_gmp(positive_p, digits_start, digits_end, num_digits, num_bdigits, base);
+
+    RB_GC_GUARD(arg);
+
+    return bignorm(z);
 }
+#endif
 
 #if HAVE_LONG_LONG
 
 static VALUE
 rb_ull2big(unsigned LONG_LONG n)
 {
-    BDIGIT_DBL num = n;
-    long i = 0;
-    BDIGIT *digits;
-    VALUE big;
+    long i;
+    VALUE big = bignew(bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_LONG_LONG), 1);
+    BDIGIT *digits = BDIGITS(big);
 
-    big = bignew(DIGSPERLL, 1);
-    digits = BDIGITS(big);
-    while (i < DIGSPERLL) {
-	digits[i++] = BIGLO(num);
-	num = BIGDN(num);
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT >= SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+    digits[0] = n;
+#else
+    for (i = 0; i < bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_LONG_LONG); i++) {
+	digits[i] = BIGLO(n);
+	n = BIGDN(n);
     }
+#endif
 
-    i = DIGSPERLL;
+    i = bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_LONG_LONG);
     while (i-- && !digits[i]) ;
-    RBIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, i+1);
+    BIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, i+1);
     return big;
 }
 
@@ -819,15 +4467,19 @@ static VALUE
 rb_ll2big(LONG_LONG n)
 {
     long neg = 0;
+    unsigned LONG_LONG u;
     VALUE big;
 
     if (n < 0) {
-	n = -n;
+        u = 1 + (unsigned LONG_LONG)(-(n + 1)); /* u = -n avoiding overflow */
 	neg = 1;
     }
-    big = rb_ull2big(n);
+    else {
+        u = n;
+    }
+    big = rb_ull2big(u);
     if (neg) {
-	RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(big, 0);
+	BIGNUM_SET_NEGATIVE_SIGN(big);
     }
     return big;
 }
@@ -848,6 +4500,46 @@ rb_ll2inum(LONG_LONG n)
 
 #endif  /* HAVE_LONG_LONG */
 
+#ifdef HAVE_INT128_T
+static VALUE
+rb_uint128t2big(uint128_t n)
+{
+    long i;
+    VALUE big = bignew(bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_INT128_T), 1);
+    BDIGIT *digits = BDIGITS(big);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_INT128_T); i++) {
+	digits[i] = BIGLO(RSHIFT(n ,BITSPERDIG*i));
+    }
+
+    i = bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_INT128_T);
+    while (i-- && !digits[i]) ;
+    BIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, i+1);
+    return big;
+}
+
+MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED VALUE
+rb_int128t2big(int128_t n)
+{
+    int neg = 0;
+    uint128_t u;
+    VALUE big;
+
+    if (n < 0) {
+        u = 1 + (uint128_t)(-(n + 1)); /* u = -n avoiding overflow */
+	neg = 1;
+    }
+    else {
+        u = n;
+    }
+    big = rb_uint128t2big(u);
+    if (neg) {
+	BIGNUM_SET_NEGATIVE_SIGN(big);
+    }
+    return big;
+}
+#endif
+
 VALUE
 rb_cstr2inum(const char *str, int base)
 {
@@ -860,378 +4552,603 @@ rb_str2inum(VALUE str, int base)
     return rb_str_to_inum(str, base, base==0);
 }
 
-const char ruby_digitmap[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
-
-static VALUE bigsqr(VALUE x);
-static void bigdivmod(VALUE x, VALUE y, volatile VALUE *divp, volatile VALUE *modp);
-
-#define POW2_P(x) (((x)&((x)-1))==0)
-
-static inline int
-ones(register unsigned long x)
+static VALUE
+big_shift3(VALUE x, int lshift_p, size_t shift_numdigits, int shift_numbits)
 {
-#if SIZEOF_LONG == 8
-# define MASK_55 0x5555555555555555UL
-# define MASK_33 0x3333333333333333UL
-# define MASK_0f 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0fUL
-#else
-# define MASK_55 0x55555555UL
-# define MASK_33 0x33333333UL
-# define MASK_0f 0x0f0f0f0fUL
-#endif
-    x -= (x >> 1) & MASK_55;
-    x = ((x >> 2) & MASK_33) + (x & MASK_33);
-    x = ((x >> 4) + x) & MASK_0f;
-    x += (x >> 8);
-    x += (x >> 16);
-#if SIZEOF_LONG == 8
-    x += (x >> 32);
-#endif
-    return (int)(x & 0x7f);
-#undef MASK_0f
-#undef MASK_33
-#undef MASK_55
+    BDIGIT *xds, *zds;
+    long s1;
+    int s2;
+    VALUE z;
+    long xn;
+
+    if (lshift_p) {
+        if (LONG_MAX < shift_numdigits) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too big number");
+        }
+        s1 = shift_numdigits;
+        s2 = shift_numbits;
+        xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+        z = bignew(xn+s1+1, BIGNUM_SIGN(x));
+        zds = BDIGITS(z);
+        BDIGITS_ZERO(zds, s1);
+        xds = BDIGITS(x);
+        zds[xn+s1] = bary_small_lshift(zds+s1, xds, xn, s2);
+    }
+    else {
+        long zn;
+        BDIGIT hibitsx;
+        if (LONG_MAX < shift_numdigits || (size_t)BIGNUM_LEN(x) <= shift_numdigits) {
+            if (BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(x) ||
+                bary_zero_p(BDIGITS(x), BIGNUM_LEN(x)))
+                return INT2FIX(0);
+            else
+                return INT2FIX(-1);
+        }
+        s1 = shift_numdigits;
+        s2 = shift_numbits;
+        hibitsx = abs2twocomp(&x, &xn);
+        xds = BDIGITS(x);
+        if (xn <= s1) {
+            return hibitsx ? INT2FIX(-1) : INT2FIX(0);
+        }
+        zn = xn - s1;
+        z = bignew(zn, 0);
+        zds = BDIGITS(z);
+        bary_small_rshift(zds, xds+s1, zn, s2, hibitsx != 0 ? BDIGMAX : 0);
+        twocomp2abs_bang(z, hibitsx != 0);
+    }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    return z;
 }
 
-static inline unsigned long
-next_pow2(register unsigned long x)
+static VALUE
+big_shift2(VALUE x, int lshift_p, VALUE y)
 {
-    x |= x >> 1;
-    x |= x >> 2;
-    x |= x >> 4;
-    x |= x >> 8;
-    x |= x >> 16;
-#if SIZEOF_LONG == 8
-    x |= x >> 32;
-#endif
-    return x + 1;
+    int sign;
+    size_t lens[2];
+    size_t shift_numdigits;
+    int shift_numbits;
+
+    assert(POW2_P(CHAR_BIT));
+    assert(POW2_P(BITSPERDIG));
+
+    if (BIGZEROP(x))
+        return INT2FIX(0);
+    sign = rb_integer_pack(y, lens, numberof(lens), sizeof(size_t), 0,
+        INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST|INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER);
+    if (sign < 0) {
+        lshift_p = !lshift_p;
+        sign = -sign;
+    }
+    if (lshift_p) {
+        if (1 < sign || CHAR_BIT <= lens[1])
+            rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "shift width too big");
+    }
+    else {
+        if (1 < sign || CHAR_BIT <= lens[1])
+            return BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(x) ? INT2FIX(0) : INT2FIX(-1);
+    }
+    shift_numbits = (int)(lens[0] & (BITSPERDIG-1));
+    shift_numdigits = (lens[0] >> bit_length(BITSPERDIG-1)) |
+      (lens[1] << (CHAR_BIT*SIZEOF_SIZE_T - bit_length(BITSPERDIG-1)));
+    return big_shift3(x, lshift_p, shift_numdigits, shift_numbits);
 }
 
-static inline int
-floor_log2(register unsigned long x)
+static VALUE
+big_lshift(VALUE x, unsigned long shift)
 {
-    x |= x >> 1;
-    x |= x >> 2;
-    x |= x >> 4;
-    x |= x >> 8;
-    x |= x >> 16;
-#if SIZEOF_LONG == 8
-    x |= x >> 32;
-#endif
-    return (int)ones(x) - 1;
+    long s1 = shift/BITSPERDIG;
+    int s2 = (int)(shift%BITSPERDIG);
+    return big_shift3(x, 1, s1, s2);
 }
 
-static inline int
-ceil_log2(register unsigned long x)
+static VALUE
+big_rshift(VALUE x, unsigned long shift)
 {
-    return floor_log2(x) + !POW2_P(x);
+    long s1 = shift/BITSPERDIG;
+    int s2 = (int)(shift%BITSPERDIG);
+    return big_shift3(x, 0, s1, s2);
 }
 
-#define LOG2_KARATSUBA_DIGITS 7
-#define KARATSUBA_DIGITS (1L<<LOG2_KARATSUBA_DIGITS)
-#define MAX_BIG2STR_TABLE_ENTRIES 64
+#define MAX_BASE36_POWER_TABLE_ENTRIES (SIZEOF_SIZE_T * CHAR_BIT + 1)
 
-static VALUE big2str_power_cache[35][MAX_BIG2STR_TABLE_ENTRIES];
+static VALUE base36_power_cache[35][MAX_BASE36_POWER_TABLE_ENTRIES];
+static size_t base36_numdigits_cache[35][MAX_BASE36_POWER_TABLE_ENTRIES];
 
 static void
 power_cache_init(void)
 {
-    int i, j;
-    for (i = 0; i < 35; ++i) {
-	for (j = 0; j < MAX_BIG2STR_TABLE_ENTRIES; ++j) {
-	    big2str_power_cache[i][j] = Qnil;
-	}
-    }
 }
 
 static inline VALUE
-power_cache_get_power0(int base, int i)
+power_cache_get_power(int base, int power_level, size_t *numdigits_ret)
 {
-    if (NIL_P(big2str_power_cache[base - 2][i])) {
-	big2str_power_cache[base - 2][i] =
-	    i == 0 ? rb_big_pow(rb_int2big(base), INT2FIX(KARATSUBA_DIGITS))
-		   : bigsqr(power_cache_get_power0(base, i - 1));
-	rb_gc_register_mark_object(big2str_power_cache[base - 2][i]);
+    /*
+     * MAX_BASE36_POWER_TABLE_ENTRIES is big enough to that
+     * base36_power_cache[base][MAX_BASE36_POWER_TABLE_ENTRIES-1] fills whole memory.
+     * So MAX_BASE36_POWER_TABLE_ENTRIES <= power_level is not possible to calculate.
+     *
+     * number-of-bytes =
+     * log256(base36_power_cache[base][MAX_BASE36_POWER_TABLE_ENTRIES-1]) =
+     * log256(maxpow_in_bdigit_dbl(base)**(2**(MAX_BASE36_POWER_TABLE_ENTRIES-1))) =
+     * log256(maxpow_in_bdigit_dbl(base)**(2**(SIZEOF_SIZE_T*CHAR_BIT))) =
+     * (2**(SIZEOF_SIZE_T*CHAR_BIT))*log256(maxpow_in_bdigit_dbl(base)) =
+     * (256**SIZEOF_SIZE_T)*log256(maxpow_in_bdigit_dbl(base)) >
+     * (256**SIZEOF_SIZE_T)*(sizeof(BDIGIT_DBL)-1) >
+     * 256**SIZEOF_SIZE_T
+     */
+    if (MAX_BASE36_POWER_TABLE_ENTRIES <= power_level)
+        rb_bug("too big power number requested: maxpow_in_bdigit_dbl(%d)**(2**%d)", base, power_level);
+
+    VALUE power = base36_power_cache[base - 2][power_level];
+    if (!power) {
+        size_t numdigits;
+        if (power_level == 0) {
+            int numdigits0;
+            BDIGIT_DBL dd = maxpow_in_bdigit_dbl(base, &numdigits0);
+            power = bignew(2, 1);
+            bdigitdbl2bary(BDIGITS(power), 2, dd);
+            numdigits = numdigits0;
+        }
+        else {
+            power = bigtrunc(bigsq(power_cache_get_power(base, power_level - 1, &numdigits)));
+            numdigits *= 2;
+        }
+        rb_obj_hide(power);
+        base36_power_cache[base - 2][power_level] = power;
+        base36_numdigits_cache[base - 2][power_level] = numdigits;
+	rb_gc_register_mark_object(power);
     }
-    return big2str_power_cache[base - 2][i];
+    if (numdigits_ret)
+        *numdigits_ret = base36_numdigits_cache[base - 2][power_level];
+    return power;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-power_cache_get_power(int base, long n1, long* m1)
-{
-    int i, m;
-    long j;
-    VALUE t;
-
-    if (n1 <= KARATSUBA_DIGITS)
-	rb_bug("n1 > KARATSUBA_DIGITS");
-
-    m = ceil_log2(n1);
-    if (m1) *m1 = 1 << m;
-    i = m - LOG2_KARATSUBA_DIGITS;
-    if (i >= MAX_BIG2STR_TABLE_ENTRIES)
-	i = MAX_BIG2STR_TABLE_ENTRIES - 1;
-    t = power_cache_get_power0(base, i);
+struct big2str_struct {
+    int negative;
+    int base;
+    BDIGIT_DBL hbase2;
+    int hbase2_numdigits;
+    VALUE result;
+    char *ptr;
+};
 
-    j = KARATSUBA_DIGITS*(1 << i);
-    while (n1 > j) {
-	t = bigsqr(t);
-	j *= 2;
-    }
-    return t;
+static void
+big2str_alloc(struct big2str_struct *b2s, size_t len)
+{
+    if (LONG_MAX-1 < len)
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too big number");
+    b2s->result = rb_usascii_str_new(0, (long)(len + 1)); /* plus one for sign */
+    b2s->ptr = RSTRING_PTR(b2s->result);
+    if (b2s->negative)
+        *b2s->ptr++ = '-';
 }
 
-/* big2str_muraken_find_n1
- *
- * Let a natural number x is given by:
- * x = 2^0 * x_0 + 2^1 * x_1 + ... + 2^(B*n_0 - 1) * x_{B*n_0 - 1},
- * where B is BITSPERDIG (i.e. BDIGITS*CHAR_BIT) and n_0 is
- * RBIGNUM_LEN(x).
- *
- * Now, we assume n_1 = min_n \{ n | 2^(B*n_0/2) <= b_1^(n_1) \}, so
- * it is realized that 2^(B*n_0) <= {b_1}^{2*n_1}, where b_1 is a
- * given radix number. And then, we have n_1 <= (B*n_0) /
- * (2*log_2(b_1)), therefore n_1 is given by ceil((B*n_0) /
- * (2*log_2(b_1))).
- */
-static long
-big2str_find_n1(VALUE x, int base)
-{
-    static const double log_2[] = {
-	1.0,              1.58496250072116, 2.0,
-	2.32192809488736, 2.58496250072116, 2.8073549220576,
-	3.0,              3.16992500144231, 3.32192809488736,
-	3.4594316186373,  3.58496250072116, 3.70043971814109,
-	3.8073549220576,  3.90689059560852, 4.0,
-	4.08746284125034, 4.16992500144231, 4.24792751344359,
-	4.32192809488736, 4.39231742277876, 4.4594316186373,
-	4.52356195605701, 4.58496250072116, 4.64385618977472,
-	4.70043971814109, 4.75488750216347, 4.8073549220576,
-	4.85798099512757, 4.90689059560852, 4.95419631038688,
-	5.0,              5.04439411935845, 5.08746284125034,
-	5.12928301694497, 5.16992500144231
-    };
-    long bits;
-
-    if (base < 2 || 36 < base)
-	rb_bug("invalid radix %d", base);
-
-    if (FIXNUM_P(x)) {
-	bits = (SIZEOF_LONG*CHAR_BIT - 1)/2 + 1;
-    }
-    else if (BIGZEROP(x)) {
-	return 0;
-    }
-    else if (RBIGNUM_LEN(x) >= LONG_MAX/BITSPERDIG) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `string'");
+static void
+big2str_2bdigits(struct big2str_struct *b2s, BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, size_t taillen)
+{
+    size_t j;
+    BDIGIT_DBL num;
+    char buf[SIZEOF_BDIGIT_DBL*CHAR_BIT], *p;
+    int beginning = !b2s->ptr;
+    size_t len = 0;
+
+    assert(xn <= 2);
+    num = bary2bdigitdbl(xds, xn);
+
+    if (beginning) {
+        if (num == 0)
+            return;
+        p = buf;
+        j = sizeof(buf);
+        do {
+            BDIGIT_DBL idx = num % b2s->base;
+            num /= b2s->base;
+            p[--j] = ruby_digitmap[idx];
+        } while (num);
+        len = sizeof(buf) - j;
+        big2str_alloc(b2s, len + taillen);
+	MEMCPY(b2s->ptr, buf + j, char, len);
     }
     else {
-	bits = BITSPERDIG*RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
+        p = b2s->ptr;
+        j = b2s->hbase2_numdigits;
+        do {
+            BDIGIT_DBL idx = num % b2s->base;
+            num /= b2s->base;
+            p[--j] = ruby_digitmap[idx];
+        } while (j);
+        len = b2s->hbase2_numdigits;
     }
-
-    return (long)ceil(bits/log_2[base - 2]);
+    b2s->ptr += len;
 }
 
-static long
-big2str_orig(VALUE x, int base, char* ptr, long len, long hbase, int trim)
+static void
+big2str_karatsuba(struct big2str_struct *b2s, BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, size_t wn,
+		  int power_level, size_t taillen)
 {
-    long i = RBIGNUM_LEN(x), j = len;
-    BDIGIT* ds = BDIGITS(x);
+    VALUE b;
+    size_t half_numdigits, lower_numdigits;
+    int lower_power_level;
+    size_t bn;
+    const BDIGIT *bds;
+    size_t len;
 
-    while (i && j > 0) {
-	long k = i;
-	BDIGIT_DBL num = 0;
+    /*
+     * Precondition:
+     * abs(x) < maxpow**(2**power_level)
+     * where
+     *   maxpow = maxpow_in_bdigit_dbl(base, &numdigits)
+     *
+     * This function generates sequence of zeros, and then stringized abs(x) into b2s->ptr.
+     *
+     * b2s->ptr can be NULL.
+     * It is allocated when the first character is generated via big2str_alloc.
+     *
+     * The prefix zeros should be generated if and only if b2s->ptr is not NULL.
+     * When the zeros are generated, the zeros and abs(x) consists
+     * numdigits*(2**power_level) characters at total.
+     *
+     * Note:
+     * power_cache_get_power(base, power_level, &len) may not be cached yet. It should not be called.
+     * power_cache_get_power(base, power_level-1, &len) should be cached already if 0 <= power_level-1.
+     */
 
-	while (k--) {               /* x / hbase */
-	    num = BIGUP(num) + ds[k];
-	    ds[k] = (BDIGIT)(num / hbase);
-	    num %= hbase;
-	}
-	if (trim && ds[i-1] == 0) i--;
-	k = SIZEOF_BDIGITS;
-	while (k--) {
-	    ptr[--j] = ruby_digitmap[num % base];
-	    num /= base;
-	    if (j <= 0) break;
-	    if (trim && i == 0 && num == 0) break;
+    if (xn == 0 || bary_zero_p(xds, xn)) {
+	if (b2s->ptr) {
+            /* When x is zero, power_cache_get_power(base, power_level) should be cached already. */
+            power_cache_get_power(b2s->base, power_level, &len);
+	    memset(b2s->ptr, '0', len);
+            b2s->ptr += len;
 	}
+        return;
     }
-    if (trim) {
-	while (j < len && ptr[j] == '0') j++;
-	MEMMOVE(ptr, ptr + j, char, len - j);
-	len -= j;
+
+    if (power_level == 0) {
+	big2str_2bdigits(b2s, xds, xn, taillen);
+        return;
     }
-    return len;
-}
 
-static long
-big2str_karatsuba(VALUE x, int base, char* ptr,
-		  long n1, long len, long hbase, int trim)
-{
-    long lh, ll, m1;
-    VALUE b, q, r;
+    lower_power_level = power_level-1;
+    b = power_cache_get_power(b2s->base, lower_power_level, &lower_numdigits);
+    bn = BIGNUM_LEN(b);
+    bds = BDIGITS(b);
 
-    if (BIGZEROP(x)) {
-	if (trim) return 0;
-	else {
-	    memset(ptr, '0', len);
-	    return len;
-	}
+    half_numdigits = lower_numdigits;
+
+    while (0 < lower_power_level &&
+            (xn < bn ||
+             (xn == bn && bary_cmp(xds, xn, bds, bn) < 0))) {
+        lower_power_level--;
+        b = power_cache_get_power(b2s->base, lower_power_level, &lower_numdigits);
+        bn = BIGNUM_LEN(b);
+        bds = BDIGITS(b);
     }
 
-    if (n1 <= KARATSUBA_DIGITS) {
-	return big2str_orig(x, base, ptr, len, hbase, trim);
+    if (lower_power_level == 0 &&
+            (xn < bn ||
+             (xn == bn && bary_cmp(xds, xn, bds, bn) < 0))) {
+        if (b2s->ptr) {
+            len = half_numdigits * 2 - lower_numdigits;
+            memset(b2s->ptr, '0', len);
+            b2s->ptr += len;
+        }
+	big2str_2bdigits(b2s, xds, xn, taillen);
     }
+    else {
+        BDIGIT *qds, *rds;
+        size_t qn, rn;
+        BDIGIT *tds;
+        int shift;
+
+        if (lower_power_level != power_level-1 && b2s->ptr) {
+            len = (half_numdigits - lower_numdigits) * 2;
+            memset(b2s->ptr, '0', len);
+            b2s->ptr += len;
+        }
+
+        shift = nlz(bds[bn-1]);
+
+        qn = xn + BIGDIVREM_EXTRA_WORDS;
+
+        if (shift == 0) {
+            /* bigdivrem_restoring will not modify y.
+             * So use bds directly.  */
+            tds = (BDIGIT *)bds;
+            xds[xn] = 0;
+        }
+        else {
+            /* bigdivrem_restoring will modify y.
+             * So use temporary buffer.  */
+            tds = xds + qn;
+            assert(qn + bn <= xn + wn);
+            bary_small_lshift(tds, bds, bn, shift);
+            xds[xn] = bary_small_lshift(xds, xds, xn, shift);
+        }
+
+        bigdivrem_restoring(xds, qn, tds, bn);
+
+        rds = xds;
+        rn = bn;
+
+        qds = xds + bn;
+        qn = qn - bn;
 
-    b = power_cache_get_power(base, n1, &m1);
-    bigdivmod(x, b, &q, &r);
-    lh = big2str_karatsuba(q, base, ptr, (len - m1)/2,
-			   len - m1, hbase, trim);
-    rb_big_resize(q, 0);
-    ll = big2str_karatsuba(r, base, ptr + lh, m1/2,
-			   m1, hbase, !lh && trim);
-    rb_big_resize(r, 0);
+        if (shift) {
+            bary_small_rshift(rds, rds, rn, shift, 0);
+        }
 
-    return lh + ll;
+        BARY_TRUNC(qds, qn);
+        assert(qn <= bn);
+        big2str_karatsuba(b2s, qds, qn, xn+wn - (rn+qn), lower_power_level, lower_numdigits+taillen);
+        BARY_TRUNC(rds, rn);
+        big2str_karatsuba(b2s, rds, rn, xn+wn - rn, lower_power_level, taillen);
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+big2str_base_poweroftwo(VALUE x, int base)
+{
+    int word_numbits = ffs(base) - 1;
+    size_t numwords;
+    VALUE result;
+    char *ptr;
+    numwords = rb_absint_numwords(x, word_numbits, NULL);
+    if (BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(x)) {
+        if (LONG_MAX-1 < numwords)
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too big number");
+        result = rb_usascii_str_new(0, 1+numwords);
+        ptr = RSTRING_PTR(result);
+        *ptr++ = BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(x) ? '+' : '-';
+    }
+    else {
+        if (LONG_MAX < numwords)
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too big number");
+        result = rb_usascii_str_new(0, numwords);
+        ptr = RSTRING_PTR(result);
+    }
+    rb_integer_pack(x, ptr, numwords, 1, CHAR_BIT-word_numbits,
+                    INTEGER_PACK_BIG_ENDIAN);
+    while (0 < numwords) {
+        *ptr = ruby_digitmap[*(unsigned char *)ptr];
+        ptr++;
+        numwords--;
+    }
+    return result;
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_big2str0(VALUE x, int base, int trim)
+rb_big2str_poweroftwo(VALUE x, int base)
 {
-    int off;
-    VALUE ss, xx;
-    long n1, n2, len, hbase;
-    char* ptr;
+    return big2str_base_poweroftwo(x, base);
+}
 
-    if (FIXNUM_P(x)) {
-	return rb_fix2str(x, base);
-    }
-    if (BIGZEROP(x)) {
+static VALUE
+big2str_generic(VALUE x, int base)
+{
+    BDIGIT *xds;
+    size_t xn;
+    struct big2str_struct b2s_data;
+    int power_level;
+    VALUE power;
+
+    xds = BDIGITS(x);
+    xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+    BARY_TRUNC(xds, xn);
+
+    if (xn == 0) {
 	return rb_usascii_str_new2("0");
     }
 
-    if (base < 2 || 36 < base)
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid radix %d", base);
+    if (!valid_radix_p(base))
+	invalid_radix(base);
 
-    n2 = big2str_find_n1(x, base);
-    n1 = (n2 + 1) / 2;
-    ss = rb_usascii_str_new(0, n2 + 1); /* plus one for sign */
-    ptr = RSTRING_PTR(ss);
-    ptr[0] = RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) ? '+' : '-';
+    if (xn >= LONG_MAX/BITSPERDIG) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `string'");
+    }
 
-    hbase = base*base;
-#if SIZEOF_BDIGITS > 2
-    hbase *= hbase;
-#endif
-    off = !(trim && RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)); /* erase plus sign if trim */
-    xx = rb_big_clone(x);
-    RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(xx, 1);
-    if (n1 <= KARATSUBA_DIGITS) {
-	len = off + big2str_orig(xx, base, ptr + off, n2, hbase, trim);
+    power_level = 0;
+    power = power_cache_get_power(base, power_level, NULL);
+    while (power_level < MAX_BASE36_POWER_TABLE_ENTRIES &&
+           (size_t)BIGNUM_LEN(power) <= (xn+1)/2) {
+        power_level++;
+        power = power_cache_get_power(base, power_level, NULL);
+    }
+    assert(power_level != MAX_BASE36_POWER_TABLE_ENTRIES);
+
+    if ((size_t)BIGNUM_LEN(power) <= xn) {
+        /*
+         * This increment guarantees x < power_cache_get_power(base, power_level)
+         * without invoking it actually.
+         * (power_cache_get_power(base, power_level) can be slow and not used
+         * in big2str_karatsuba.)
+         *
+         * Although it is possible that x < power_cache_get_power(base, power_level-1),
+         * it is no problem because big2str_karatsuba checks it and
+         * doesn't affect the result when b2s_data.ptr is NULL.
+         */
+        power_level++;
+    }
+
+    b2s_data.negative = BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(x);
+    b2s_data.base = base;
+    b2s_data.hbase2 = maxpow_in_bdigit_dbl(base, &b2s_data.hbase2_numdigits);
+
+    b2s_data.result = Qnil;
+    b2s_data.ptr = NULL;
+
+    if (power_level == 0) {
+	big2str_2bdigits(&b2s_data, xds, xn, 0);
     }
     else {
-	len = off + big2str_karatsuba(xx, base, ptr + off, n1,
-				      n2, hbase, trim);
+        VALUE tmpw = 0;
+        BDIGIT *wds;
+        size_t wn;
+        wn = power_level * BIGDIVREM_EXTRA_WORDS + BIGNUM_LEN(power);
+        wds = ALLOCV_N(BDIGIT, tmpw, xn + wn);
+        MEMCPY(wds, xds, BDIGIT, xn);
+	big2str_karatsuba(&b2s_data, wds, xn, wn, power_level, 0);
+        if (tmpw)
+            ALLOCV_END(tmpw);
     }
-    rb_big_resize(xx, 0);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
 
-    ptr[len] = '\0';
-    rb_str_resize(ss, len);
+    *b2s_data.ptr = '\0';
+    rb_str_resize(b2s_data.result, (long)(b2s_data.ptr - RSTRING_PTR(b2s_data.result)));
 
-    return ss;
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    return b2s_data.result;
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_big2str(VALUE x, int base)
+rb_big2str_generic(VALUE x, int base)
 {
-    return rb_big2str0(x, base, 1);
+    return big2str_generic(x, base);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.to_s(base=10)   ->  string
- *
- *  Returns a string containing the representation of <i>big</i> radix
- *  <i>base</i> (2 through 36).
- *
- *     12345654321.to_s         #=> "12345654321"
- *     12345654321.to_s(2)      #=> "1011011111110110111011110000110001"
- *     12345654321.to_s(8)      #=> "133766736061"
- *     12345654321.to_s(16)     #=> "2dfdbbc31"
- *     78546939656932.to_s(36)  #=> "rubyrules"
- */
-
+#ifdef USE_GMP
 static VALUE
-rb_big_to_s(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE x)
+big2str_gmp(VALUE x, int base)
 {
-    int base;
+    mpz_t mx;
+    size_t size;
+    VALUE str;
+    BDIGIT *xds = BDIGITS(x);
+    size_t xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+
+    mpz_init(mx);
+    bdigits_to_mpz(mx, xds, xn);
+
+    size = mpz_sizeinbase(mx, base);
 
-    if (argc == 0) base = 10;
+    if (BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(x)) {
+        mpz_neg(mx, mx);
+        str = rb_usascii_str_new(0, size+1);
+    }
     else {
-	VALUE b;
+        str = rb_usascii_str_new(0, size);
+    }
+    mpz_get_str(RSTRING_PTR(str), base, mx);
+    mpz_clear(mx);
 
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &b);
-	base = NUM2INT(b);
+    if (RSTRING_PTR(str)[RSTRING_LEN(str)-1] == '\0') {
+        rb_str_set_len(str, RSTRING_LEN(str)-1);
     }
-    return rb_big2str(x, base);
+
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    return str;
 }
 
+VALUE
+rb_big2str_gmp(VALUE x, int base)
+{
+    return big2str_gmp(x, base);
+}
+#endif
+
 static VALUE
-big2ulong(VALUE x, const char *type, int check)
+rb_big2str1(VALUE x, int base)
 {
-    long len = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-    BDIGIT_DBL num;
-    BDIGIT *ds;
+    BDIGIT *xds;
+    size_t xn;
 
-    if (len > DIGSPERLONG) {
-	if (check)
-	    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `%s'", type);
-	len = DIGSPERLONG;
+    if (FIXNUM_P(x)) {
+	return rb_fix2str(x, base);
     }
-    ds = BDIGITS(x);
-    num = 0;
-    while (len--) {
-	num = BIGUP(num);
-	num += ds[len];
+
+    bigtrunc(x);
+    xds = BDIGITS(x);
+    xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+    BARY_TRUNC(xds, xn);
+
+    if (xn == 0) {
+	return rb_usascii_str_new2("0");
+    }
+
+    if (!valid_radix_p(base))
+	invalid_radix(base);
+
+    if (xn >= LONG_MAX/BITSPERDIG) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `string'");
+    }
+
+    if (POW2_P(base)) {
+        /* base == 2 || base == 4 || base == 8 || base == 16 || base == 32 */
+        return big2str_base_poweroftwo(x, base);
+    }
+
+#ifdef USE_GMP
+    if (GMP_BIG2STR_DIGITS < xn) {
+        return big2str_gmp(x, base);
     }
-    return (VALUE)num;
+#endif
+
+    return big2str_generic(x, base);
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_big2ulong_pack(VALUE x)
+rb_big2str(VALUE x, int base)
 {
-    VALUE num = big2ulong(x, "unsigned long", FALSE);
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) {
-	return (VALUE)(-(SIGNED_VALUE)num);
+    return rb_big2str1(x, base);
+}
+
+static unsigned long
+big2ulong(VALUE x, const char *type)
+{
+#if SIZEOF_LONG > SIZEOF_BDIGIT
+    size_t i;
+#endif
+    size_t len = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+    unsigned long num;
+    BDIGIT *ds;
+
+    if (len == 0)
+        return 0;
+    if (BIGSIZE(x) > sizeof(long)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `%s'", type);
     }
+    ds = BDIGITS(x);
+#if SIZEOF_LONG <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
+    num = (unsigned long)ds[0];
+#else
+    num = 0;
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+	num <<= BITSPERDIG;
+        num += (unsigned long)ds[len - i - 1]; /* overflow is already checked */
+    }
+#endif
     return num;
 }
 
-VALUE
+unsigned long
 rb_big2ulong(VALUE x)
 {
-    VALUE num = big2ulong(x, "unsigned long", TRUE);
+    unsigned long num = big2ulong(x, "unsigned long");
 
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) {
-	if ((long)num < 0) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum out of range of unsigned long");
-	}
-	return (VALUE)(-(SIGNED_VALUE)num);
+    if (BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(x)) {
+        return num;
     }
-    return num;
+    else {
+        if (num <= 1+(unsigned long)(-(LONG_MIN+1)))
+            return -(long)(num-1)-1;
+    }
+    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum out of range of unsigned long");
 }
 
-SIGNED_VALUE
+long
 rb_big2long(VALUE x)
 {
-    VALUE num = big2ulong(x, "long", TRUE);
+    unsigned long num = big2ulong(x, "long");
 
-    if ((long)num < 0 &&
-	(RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) || (long)num != LONG_MIN)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `long'");
+    if (BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(x)) {
+        if (num <= LONG_MAX)
+            return num;
     }
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) return -(SIGNED_VALUE)num;
-    return num;
+    else {
+        if (num <= 1+(unsigned long)(-(LONG_MIN+1)))
+            return -(long)(num-1)-1;
+    }
+    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `long'");
 }
 
 #if HAVE_LONG_LONG
@@ -1239,18 +5156,26 @@ rb_big2long(VALUE x)
 static unsigned LONG_LONG
 big2ull(VALUE x, const char *type)
 {
-    long len = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-    BDIGIT_DBL num;
-    BDIGIT *ds;
+#if SIZEOF_LONG_LONG > SIZEOF_BDIGIT
+    size_t i;
+#endif
+    size_t len = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+    unsigned LONG_LONG num;
+    BDIGIT *ds = BDIGITS(x);
 
-    if (len > SIZEOF_LONG_LONG/SIZEOF_BDIGITS)
+    if (len == 0)
+        return 0;
+    if (BIGSIZE(x) > SIZEOF_LONG_LONG)
 	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `%s'", type);
-    ds = BDIGITS(x);
+#if SIZEOF_LONG_LONG <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
+    num = (unsigned LONG_LONG)ds[0];
+#else
     num = 0;
-    while (len--) {
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 	num = BIGUP(num);
-	num += ds[len];
+        num += ds[len - i - 1];
     }
+#endif
     return num;
 }
 
@@ -1259,9 +5184,14 @@ rb_big2ull(VALUE x)
 {
     unsigned LONG_LONG num = big2ull(x, "unsigned long long");
 
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(x))
-	return (VALUE)(-(SIGNED_VALUE)num);
-    return num;
+    if (BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(x)) {
+        return num;
+    }
+    else {
+        if (num <= 1+(unsigned LONG_LONG)(-(LLONG_MIN+1)))
+            return -(LONG_LONG)(num-1)-1;
+    }
+    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum out of range of unsigned long long");
 }
 
 LONG_LONG
@@ -1269,12 +5199,15 @@ rb_big2ll(VALUE x)
 {
     unsigned LONG_LONG num = big2ull(x, "long long");
 
-    if ((LONG_LONG)num < 0 && (RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)
-			       || (LONG_LONG)num != LLONG_MIN)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `long long'");
+    if (BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(x)) {
+        if (num <= LLONG_MAX)
+            return num;
     }
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) return -(LONG_LONG)num;
-    return num;
+    else {
+        if (num <= 1+(unsigned LONG_LONG)(-(LLONG_MIN+1)))
+            return -(LONG_LONG)(num-1)-1;
+    }
+    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `long long'");
 }
 
 #endif  /* HAVE_LONG_LONG */
@@ -1295,7 +5228,7 @@ dbl2big(double d)
 	rb_raise(rb_eFloatDomainError, "NaN");
     }
 
-    while (!POSFIXABLE(u) || 0 != (long)u) {
+    while (1.0 <= u) {
 	u /= (double)(BIGRAD);
 	i++;
     }
@@ -1317,32 +5250,11 @@ rb_dbl2big(double d)
     return bignorm(dbl2big(d));
 }
 
-static int
-nlz(BDIGIT x)
-{
-    BDIGIT y;
-    int n = BITSPERDIG;
-#if BITSPERDIG > 64
-    y = x >> 64; if (y) {n -= 64; x = y;}
-#endif
-#if BITSPERDIG > 32
-    y = x >> 32; if (y) {n -= 32; x = y;}
-#endif
-#if BITSPERDIG > 16
-    y = x >> 16; if (y) {n -= 16; x = y;}
-#endif
-    y = x >>  8; if (y) {n -=  8; x = y;}
-    y = x >>  4; if (y) {n -=  4; x = y;}
-    y = x >>  2; if (y) {n -=  2; x = y;}
-    y = x >>  1; if (y) {return n - 2;}
-    return n - x;
-}
-
 static double
 big2dbl(VALUE x)
 {
     double d = 0.0;
-    long i = (bigtrunc(x), RBIGNUM_LEN(x)), lo = 0, bits;
+    long i = (bigtrunc(x), BIGNUM_LEN(x)), lo = 0, bits;
     BDIGIT *ds = BDIGITS(x), dl;
 
     if (i) {
@@ -1359,16 +5271,22 @@ big2dbl(VALUE x)
 		d = ds[i] + BIGRAD*d;
 	    }
 	    dl = ds[i];
-	    if (bits && (dl & (1UL << (bits %= BITSPERDIG)))) {
-		int carry = dl & ~(~(BDIGIT)0 << bits);
+	    if (bits && (dl & ((BDIGIT)1 << (bits %= BITSPERDIG)))) {
+		int carry = (dl & ~(BDIGMAX << bits)) != 0;
 		if (!carry) {
 		    while (i-- > 0) {
-			if ((carry = ds[i]) != 0) break;
+			carry = ds[i] != 0;
+			if (carry) break;
 		    }
 		}
 		if (carry) {
-		    dl &= (BDIGIT)~0 << bits;
-		    dl += (BDIGIT)1 << bits;
+                    BDIGIT mask = BDIGMAX;
+                    BDIGIT bit = 1;
+                    mask <<= bits;
+                    bit <<= bits;
+                    dl &= mask;
+                    dl += bit;
+                    dl = BIGLO(dl);
 		    if (!dl) d += 1;
 		}
 	    }
@@ -1383,7 +5301,7 @@ big2dbl(VALUE x)
 	    }
 	}
     }
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) d = -d;
+    if (BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(x)) d = -d;
     return d;
 }
 
@@ -1402,181 +5320,190 @@ rb_big2dbl(VALUE x)
     return d;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.to_f -> float
- *
- *  Converts <i>big</i> to a <code>Float</code>. If <i>big</i> doesn't
- *  fit in a <code>Float</code>, the result is infinity.
- *
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_big_to_f(VALUE x)
+VALUE
+rb_integer_float_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    return DBL2NUM(rb_big2dbl(x));
+    double yd = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
+    double yi, yf;
+    VALUE rel;
+
+    if (isnan(yd))
+        return Qnil;
+    if (isinf(yd)) {
+        if (yd > 0.0) return INT2FIX(-1);
+        else return INT2FIX(1);
+    }
+    yf = modf(yd, &yi);
+    if (FIXNUM_P(x)) {
+#if SIZEOF_LONG * CHAR_BIT < DBL_MANT_DIG /* assume FLT_RADIX == 2 */
+        double xd = (double)FIX2LONG(x);
+        if (xd < yd)
+            return INT2FIX(-1);
+        if (xd > yd)
+            return INT2FIX(1);
+        return INT2FIX(0);
+#else
+        long xn, yn;
+        if (yi < FIXNUM_MIN)
+            return INT2FIX(1);
+        if (FIXNUM_MAX+1 <= yi)
+            return INT2FIX(-1);
+        xn = FIX2LONG(x);
+        yn = (long)yi;
+        if (xn < yn)
+            return INT2FIX(-1);
+        if (xn > yn)
+            return INT2FIX(1);
+        if (yf < 0.0)
+            return INT2FIX(1);
+        if (0.0 < yf)
+            return INT2FIX(-1);
+        return INT2FIX(0);
+#endif
+    }
+    y = rb_dbl2big(yi);
+    rel = rb_big_cmp(x, y);
+    if (yf == 0.0 || rel != INT2FIX(0))
+        return rel;
+    if (yf < 0.0)
+        return INT2FIX(1);
+    return INT2FIX(-1);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big <=> numeric   -> -1, 0, +1 or nil
- *
- *  Comparison---Returns -1, 0, or +1 depending on whether <i>big</i> is
- *  less than, equal to, or greater than <i>numeric</i>. This is the
- *  basis for the tests in <code>Comparable</code>.
- *
- */
+#if SIZEOF_LONG * CHAR_BIT >= DBL_MANT_DIG /* assume FLT_RADIX == 2 */
+COMPILER_WARNING_PUSH
+#if __has_warning("-Wimplicit-int-float-conversion")
+COMPILER_WARNING_IGNORED(-Wimplicit-int-float-conversion)
+#endif
+static const double LONG_MAX_as_double = LONG_MAX;
+COMPILER_WARNING_POP
+#endif
 
 VALUE
-rb_big_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+rb_integer_float_eq(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    long xlen = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-    BDIGIT *xds, *yds;
+    double yd = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
+    double yi, yf;
 
-    switch (TYPE(y)) {
-      case T_FIXNUM:
-	y = rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(y));
-	break;
-
-      case T_BIGNUM:
-	break;
+    if (isnan(yd) || isinf(yd))
+        return Qfalse;
+    yf = modf(yd, &yi);
+    if (yf != 0)
+        return Qfalse;
+    if (FIXNUM_P(x)) {
+#if SIZEOF_LONG * CHAR_BIT < DBL_MANT_DIG /* assume FLT_RADIX == 2 */
+        double xd = (double)FIX2LONG(x);
+        if (xd != yd)
+            return Qfalse;
+        return Qtrue;
+#else
+        long xn, yn;
+        if (yi < LONG_MIN || LONG_MAX_as_double <= yi)
+            return Qfalse;
+        xn = FIX2LONG(x);
+        yn = (long)yi;
+        if (xn != yn)
+            return Qfalse;
+        return Qtrue;
+#endif
+    }
+    y = rb_dbl2big(yi);
+    return rb_big_eq(x, y);
+}
 
-      case T_FLOAT:
-	{
-	    double a = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
 
-	    if (isinf(a)) {
-		if (a > 0.0) return INT2FIX(-1);
-		else return INT2FIX(1);
-	    }
-	    return rb_dbl_cmp(rb_big2dbl(x), a);
+VALUE
+rb_big_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
+	x = bigfixize(x);
+        if (FIXNUM_P(x)) {
+	    /* SIGNED_VALUE and Fixnum have same sign-bits, same
+	     * order */
+	    SIGNED_VALUE sx = (SIGNED_VALUE)x, sy = (SIGNED_VALUE)y;
+	    if (sx < sy) return INT2FIX(-1);
+	    return INT2FIX(sx > sy);
+        }
+    }
+    else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
+	if (BIGNUM_SIGN(x) == BIGNUM_SIGN(y)) {
+	    int cmp = bary_cmp(BDIGITS(x), BIGNUM_LEN(x), BDIGITS(y), BIGNUM_LEN(y));
+	    return INT2FIX(BIGNUM_SIGN(x) ? cmp : -cmp);
 	}
-
-      default:
-	return rb_num_coerce_cmp(x, y, rb_intern("<=>"));
     }
-
-    if (RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) > RBIGNUM_SIGN(y)) return INT2FIX(1);
-    if (RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) < RBIGNUM_SIGN(y)) return INT2FIX(-1);
-    if (xlen < RBIGNUM_LEN(y))
-	return (RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) ? INT2FIX(-1) : INT2FIX(1);
-    if (xlen > RBIGNUM_LEN(y))
-	return (RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) ? INT2FIX(1) : INT2FIX(-1);
-
-    xds = BDIGITS(x);
-    yds = BDIGITS(y);
-
-    while(xlen-- && (xds[xlen]==yds[xlen]));
-    if (-1 == xlen) return INT2FIX(0);
-    return (xds[xlen] > yds[xlen]) ?
-	(RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) ? INT2FIX(1) : INT2FIX(-1)) :
-	    (RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) ? INT2FIX(-1) : INT2FIX(1));
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
+        return rb_integer_float_cmp(x, y);
+    }
+    else {
+	return rb_num_coerce_cmp(x, y, idCmp);
+    }
+    return INT2FIX(BIGNUM_SIGN(x) ? 1 : -1);
 }
 
+enum big_op_t {
+    big_op_gt,
+    big_op_ge,
+    big_op_lt,
+    big_op_le
+};
+
 static VALUE
-big_op(VALUE x, VALUE y, int op)
+big_op(VALUE x, VALUE y, enum big_op_t op)
 {
     VALUE rel;
     int n;
 
-    switch (TYPE(y)) {
-      case T_FIXNUM:
-      case T_BIGNUM:
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(y)) {
 	rel = rb_big_cmp(x, y);
-	break;
-
-      case T_FLOAT:
-	{
-	    double a = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
-
-	    if (isinf(a)) {
-		if (a > 0.0) rel = INT2FIX(-1);
-		else rel = INT2FIX(1);
-		break;
-	    }
-	    rel = rb_dbl_cmp(rb_big2dbl(x), a);
-	    break;
-	}
-
-      default:
-	{
-	    ID id = 0;
-	    switch (op) {
-		case 0: id = '>'; break;
-		case 1: id = rb_intern(">="); break;
-		case 2: id = '<'; break;
-		case 3: id = rb_intern("<="); break;
-	    }
-	    return rb_num_coerce_relop(x, y, id);
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
+        rel = rb_integer_float_cmp(x, y);
+    }
+    else {
+	ID id = 0;
+	switch (op) {
+	  case big_op_gt: id = '>'; break;
+	  case big_op_ge: id = idGE; break;
+	  case big_op_lt: id = '<'; break;
+	  case big_op_le: id = idLE; break;
 	}
+	return rb_num_coerce_relop(x, y, id);
     }
 
     if (NIL_P(rel)) return Qfalse;
     n = FIX2INT(rel);
 
     switch (op) {
-	case 0: return n >  0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-	case 1: return n >= 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-	case 2: return n <  0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-	case 3: return n <= 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+	case big_op_gt: return n >  0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+	case big_op_ge: return n >= 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+	case big_op_lt: return n <  0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+	case big_op_le: return n <= 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
     }
     return Qundef;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   big > real  ->  true or false
- *
- * Returns <code>true</code> if the value of <code>big</code> is
- * greater than that of <code>real</code>.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-big_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+VALUE
+rb_big_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    return big_op(x, y, 0);
+    return big_op(x, y, big_op_gt);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   big >= real  ->  true or false
- *
- * Returns <code>true</code> if the value of <code>big</code> is
- * greater than or equal to that of <code>real</code>.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-big_ge(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+VALUE
+rb_big_ge(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    return big_op(x, y, 1);
+    return big_op(x, y, big_op_ge);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   big < real  ->  true or false
- *
- * Returns <code>true</code> if the value of <code>big</code> is
- * less than that of <code>real</code>.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-big_lt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+VALUE
+rb_big_lt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    return big_op(x, y, 2);
+    return big_op(x, y, big_op_lt);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   big <= real  ->  true or false
- *
- * Returns <code>true</code> if the value of <code>big</code> is
- * less than or equal to that of <code>real</code>.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-big_le(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+VALUE
+rb_big_le(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    return big_op(x, y, 3);
+    return big_op(x, y, big_op_le);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1584,8 +5511,8 @@ big_le(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *     big == obj  -> true or false
  *
  *  Returns <code>true</code> only if <i>obj</i> has the same value
- *  as <i>big</i>. Contrast this with <code>Bignum#eql?</code>, which
- *  requires <i>obj</i> to be a <code>Bignum</code>.
+ *  as <i>big</i>. Contrast this with Integer#eql?, which requires
+ *  <i>obj</i> to be an Integer.
  *
  *     68719476736 == 68719476736.0   #=> true
  */
@@ -1593,156 +5520,90 @@ big_le(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 VALUE
 rb_big_eq(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    switch (TYPE(y)) {
-      case T_FIXNUM:
-	y = rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(y));
-	break;
-      case T_BIGNUM:
-	break;
-      case T_FLOAT:
-	{
-	    volatile double a, b;
-
-	    a = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
-	    if (isnan(a) || isinf(a)) return Qfalse;
-	    b = rb_big2dbl(x);
-	    return (a == b)?Qtrue:Qfalse;
-	}
-      default:
+    if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
+	return bignorm(x) == y ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+    }
+    else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
+        return rb_integer_float_eq(x, y);
+    }
+    else {
 	return rb_equal(y, x);
     }
-    if (RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) != RBIGNUM_SIGN(y)) return Qfalse;
-    if (RBIGNUM_LEN(x) != RBIGNUM_LEN(y)) return Qfalse;
-    if (MEMCMP(BDIGITS(x),BDIGITS(y),BDIGIT,RBIGNUM_LEN(y)) != 0) return Qfalse;
+    if (BIGNUM_SIGN(x) != BIGNUM_SIGN(y)) return Qfalse;
+    if (BIGNUM_LEN(x) != BIGNUM_LEN(y)) return Qfalse;
+    if (MEMCMP(BDIGITS(x),BDIGITS(y),BDIGIT,BIGNUM_LEN(y)) != 0) return Qfalse;
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.eql?(obj)   -> true or false
- *
- *  Returns <code>true</code> only if <i>obj</i> is a
- *  <code>Bignum</code> with the same value as <i>big</i>. Contrast this
- *  with <code>Bignum#==</code>, which performs type conversions.
- *
- *     68719476736.eql?(68719476736.0)   #=> false
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_eql(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    if (TYPE(y) != T_BIGNUM) return Qfalse;
-    if (RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) != RBIGNUM_SIGN(y)) return Qfalse;
-    if (RBIGNUM_LEN(x) != RBIGNUM_LEN(y)) return Qfalse;
-    if (MEMCMP(BDIGITS(x),BDIGITS(y),BDIGIT,RBIGNUM_LEN(y)) != 0) return Qfalse;
+    if (!RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) return Qfalse;
+    if (BIGNUM_SIGN(x) != BIGNUM_SIGN(y)) return Qfalse;
+    if (BIGNUM_LEN(x) != BIGNUM_LEN(y)) return Qfalse;
+    if (MEMCMP(BDIGITS(x),BDIGITS(y),BDIGIT,BIGNUM_LEN(y)) != 0) return Qfalse;
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    -big   ->  integer
- *
- * Unary minus (returns an integer whose value is 0-big)
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_uminus(VALUE x)
 {
     VALUE z = rb_big_clone(x);
 
-    RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(z, !RBIGNUM_SIGN(x));
+    BIGNUM_NEGATE(z);
 
     return bignorm(z);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *     ~big  ->  integer
- *
- * Inverts the bits in big. As Bignums are conceptually infinite
- * length, the result acts as if it had an infinite number of one
- * bits to the left. In hex representations, this is displayed
- * as two periods to the left of the digits.
- *
- *   sprintf("%X", ~0x1122334455)    #=> "..FEEDDCCBBAA"
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_big_neg(VALUE x)
+VALUE
+rb_big_comp(VALUE x)
 {
     VALUE z = rb_big_clone(x);
-    BDIGIT *ds;
-    long i;
+    BDIGIT *ds = BDIGITS(z);
+    long n = BIGNUM_LEN(z);
 
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) get2comp(z);
-    ds = BDIGITS(z);
-    i = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-    if (!i) return INT2FIX(~(SIGNED_VALUE)0);
-    while (i--) {
-	ds[i] = ~ds[i];
-    }
-    RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(z, !RBIGNUM_SIGN(z));
-    if (RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) get2comp(z);
+    if (!n) return INT2FIX(-1);
 
-    return bignorm(z);
-}
-
-static void
-bigsub_core(BDIGIT *xds, long xn, BDIGIT *yds, long yn, BDIGIT *zds, long zn)
-{
-    BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED num;
-    long i;
-
-    for (i = 0, num = 0; i < yn; i++) {
-	num += (BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)xds[i] - yds[i];
-	zds[i] = BIGLO(num);
-	num = BIGDN(num);
-    }
-    while (num && i < xn) {
-	num += xds[i];
-	zds[i++] = BIGLO(num);
-	num = BIGDN(num);
-    }
-    while (i < xn) {
-	zds[i] = xds[i];
-	i++;
+    if (BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(z)) {
+        if (bary_add_one(ds, n)) {
+            big_extend_carry(z);
+        }
+        BIGNUM_SET_NEGATIVE_SIGN(z);
     }
-    assert(i <= zn);
-    while (i < zn) {
-	zds[i++] = 0;
+    else {
+        bary_neg(ds, n);
+        if (bary_add_one(ds, n))
+            return INT2FIX(-1);
+        bary_neg(ds, n);
+        BIGNUM_SET_POSITIVE_SIGN(z);
     }
+
+    return bignorm(z);
 }
 
 static VALUE
 bigsub(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    VALUE z = 0;
-    long i = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-    BDIGIT *xds, *yds;
+    VALUE z;
+    BDIGIT *xds, *yds, *zds;
+    long xn, yn, zn;
 
-    /* if x is smaller than y, swap */
-    if (RBIGNUM_LEN(x) < RBIGNUM_LEN(y)) {
-	z = x; x = y; y = z;	/* swap x y */
-    }
-    else if (RBIGNUM_LEN(x) == RBIGNUM_LEN(y)) {
-	xds = BDIGITS(x);
-	yds = BDIGITS(y);
-	while (i > 0) {
-	    i--;
-	    if (xds[i] > yds[i]) {
-		break;
-	    }
-	    if (xds[i] < yds[i]) {
-		z = x; x = y; y = z;	/* swap x y */
-		break;
-	    }
-	}
-    }
+    xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+    yn = BIGNUM_LEN(y);
+    zn = xn < yn ? yn : xn;
+
+    z = bignew(zn, 1);
+
+    xds = BDIGITS(x);
+    yds = BDIGITS(y);
+    zds = BDIGITS(z);
 
-    z = bignew(RBIGNUM_LEN(x), z==0);
-    bigsub_core(BDIGITS(x), RBIGNUM_LEN(x),
-		BDIGITS(y), RBIGNUM_LEN(y),
-		BDIGITS(z), RBIGNUM_LEN(z));
+    if (bary_sub(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn)) {
+        bary_2comp(zds, zn);
+        BIGNUM_SET_NEGATIVE_SIGN(z);
+    }
 
     return z;
 }
@@ -1754,21 +5615,30 @@ bigsub_int(VALUE x, long y0)
 {
     VALUE z;
     BDIGIT *xds, *zds;
-    long xn;
+    long xn, zn;
     BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED num;
     long i, y;
 
     y = y0;
     xds = BDIGITS(x);
-    xn = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
+    xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
 
-    z = bignew(xn, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x));
+    if (xn == 0)
+        return LONG2NUM(-y0);
+
+    zn = xn;
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT < SIZEOF_LONG
+    if (zn < bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_LONG))
+        zn = bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_LONG);
+#endif
+    z = bignew(zn, BIGNUM_SIGN(x));
     zds = BDIGITS(z);
 
-#if SIZEOF_BDIGITS == SIZEOF_LONG
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT >= SIZEOF_LONG
+    assert(xn == zn);
     num = (BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)xds[0] - y;
     if (xn == 1 && num < 0) {
-	RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(z, !RBIGNUM_SIGN(x));
+	BIGNUM_NEGATE(z);
 	zds[0] = (BDIGIT)-num;
 	RB_GC_GUARD(x);
 	return bignorm(z);
@@ -1776,26 +5646,62 @@ bigsub_int(VALUE x, long y0)
     zds[0] = BIGLO(num);
     num = BIGDN(num);
     i = 1;
+    if (i < xn)
+        goto y_is_zero_x;
+    goto finish;
 #else
     num = 0;
-    for (i=0; i<(int)(sizeof(y)/sizeof(BDIGIT)); i++) {
+    for (i=0; i < xn; i++) {
+        if (y == 0) goto y_is_zero_x;
 	num += (BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)xds[i] - BIGLO(y);
 	zds[i] = BIGLO(num);
 	num = BIGDN(num);
 	y = BIGDN(y);
     }
+    for (; i < zn; i++) {
+        if (y == 0) goto y_is_zero_z;
+        num -= BIGLO(y);
+        zds[i] = BIGLO(num);
+        num = BIGDN(num);
+        y = BIGDN(y);
+    }
+    goto finish;
 #endif
-    while (num && i < xn) {
+
+    for (; i < xn; i++) {
+      y_is_zero_x:
+        if (num == 0) goto num_is_zero_x;
 	num += xds[i];
-	zds[i++] = BIGLO(num);
+	zds[i] = BIGLO(num);
 	num = BIGDN(num);
     }
-    while (i < xn) {
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT < SIZEOF_LONG
+    for (; i < zn; i++) {
+      y_is_zero_z:
+        if (num == 0) goto num_is_zero_z;
+        zds[i] = BIGLO(num);
+        num = BIGDN(num);
+    }
+#endif
+    goto finish;
+
+    for (; i < xn; i++) {
+      num_is_zero_x:
 	zds[i] = xds[i];
-	i++;
     }
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT < SIZEOF_LONG
+    for (; i < zn; i++) {
+      num_is_zero_z:
+        zds[i] = 0;
+    }
+#endif
+    goto finish;
+
+  finish:
+    assert(num == 0 || num == -1);
     if (num < 0) {
-	z = bigsub(x, rb_int2big(y0));
+        get2comp(z);
+	BIGNUM_NEGATE(z);
     }
     RB_GC_GUARD(x);
     return bignorm(z);
@@ -1811,126 +5717,114 @@ bigadd_int(VALUE x, long y)
     long i;
 
     xds = BDIGITS(x);
-    xn = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
+    xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
 
-    if (xn < 2) {
-	zn = 3;
-    }
-    else {
-	zn = xn + 1;
-    }
-    z = bignew(zn, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x));
+    if (xn == 0)
+        return LONG2NUM(y);
+
+    zn = xn;
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT < SIZEOF_LONG
+    if (zn < bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_LONG))
+        zn = bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_LONG);
+#endif
+    zn++;
+
+    z = bignew(zn, BIGNUM_SIGN(x));
     zds = BDIGITS(z);
 
-#if SIZEOF_BDIGITS == SIZEOF_LONG
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT >= SIZEOF_LONG
     num = (BDIGIT_DBL)xds[0] + y;
     zds[0] = BIGLO(num);
     num = BIGDN(num);
     i = 1;
+    if (i < xn)
+        goto y_is_zero_x;
+    goto y_is_zero_z;
 #else
     num = 0;
-    for (i=0; i<(int)(sizeof(y)/sizeof(BDIGIT)); i++) {
+    for (i=0; i < xn; i++) {
+        if (y == 0) goto y_is_zero_x;
 	num += (BDIGIT_DBL)xds[i] + BIGLO(y);
 	zds[i] = BIGLO(num);
 	num = BIGDN(num);
 	y = BIGDN(y);
     }
-#endif
-    while (num && i < xn) {
-	num += xds[i];
-	zds[i++] = BIGLO(num);
+    for (; i < zn; i++) {
+        if (y == 0) goto y_is_zero_z;
+	num += BIGLO(y);
+	zds[i] = BIGLO(num);
 	num = BIGDN(num);
+	y = BIGDN(y);
     }
-    if (num) zds[i++] = (BDIGIT)num;
-    else while (i < xn) {
-	zds[i] = xds[i];
-	i++;
-    }
-    assert(i <= zn);
-    while (i < zn) {
-	zds[i++] = 0;
-    }
-    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
-    return bignorm(z);
-}
+    goto finish;
 
-static void
-bigadd_core(BDIGIT *xds, long xn, BDIGIT *yds, long yn, BDIGIT *zds, long zn)
-{
-    BDIGIT_DBL num = 0;
-    long i;
-
-    if (xn > yn) {
-	BDIGIT *tds;
-	tds = xds; xds = yds; yds = tds;
-	i = xn; xn = yn; yn = i;
-    }
+#endif
 
-    i = 0;
-    while (i < xn) {
-	num += (BDIGIT_DBL)xds[i] + yds[i];
-	zds[i++] = BIGLO(num);
+    for (;i < xn; i++) {
+      y_is_zero_x:
+        if (num == 0) goto num_is_zero_x;
+	num += (BDIGIT_DBL)xds[i];
+	zds[i] = BIGLO(num);
 	num = BIGDN(num);
     }
-    while (num && i < yn) {
-	num += yds[i];
-	zds[i++] = BIGLO(num);
+    for (; i < zn; i++) {
+      y_is_zero_z:
+        if (num == 0) goto num_is_zero_z;
+	zds[i] = BIGLO(num);
 	num = BIGDN(num);
     }
-    while (i < yn) {
-	zds[i] = yds[i];
-	i++;
+    goto finish;
+
+    for (;i < xn; i++) {
+      num_is_zero_x:
+	zds[i] = xds[i];
     }
-    if (num) zds[i++] = (BDIGIT)num;
-    assert(i <= zn);
-    while (i < zn) {
-	zds[i++] = 0;
+    for (; i < zn; i++) {
+      num_is_zero_z:
+	zds[i] = 0;
     }
+    goto finish;
+
+  finish:
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    return bignorm(z);
 }
 
 static VALUE
 bigadd(VALUE x, VALUE y, int sign)
 {
     VALUE z;
-    long len;
+    size_t len;
 
-    sign = (sign == RBIGNUM_SIGN(y));
-    if (RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) != sign) {
+    sign = (sign == BIGNUM_SIGN(y));
+    if (BIGNUM_SIGN(x) != sign) {
 	if (sign) return bigsub(y, x);
 	return bigsub(x, y);
     }
 
-    if (RBIGNUM_LEN(x) > RBIGNUM_LEN(y)) {
-	len = RBIGNUM_LEN(x) + 1;
+    if (BIGNUM_LEN(x) > BIGNUM_LEN(y)) {
+	len = BIGNUM_LEN(x) + 1;
     }
     else {
-	len = RBIGNUM_LEN(y) + 1;
+	len = BIGNUM_LEN(y) + 1;
     }
     z = bignew(len, sign);
 
-    bigadd_core(BDIGITS(x), RBIGNUM_LEN(x),
-		BDIGITS(y), RBIGNUM_LEN(y),
-		BDIGITS(z), RBIGNUM_LEN(z));
+    bary_add(BDIGITS(z), BIGNUM_LEN(z),
+             BDIGITS(x), BIGNUM_LEN(x),
+             BDIGITS(y), BIGNUM_LEN(y));
 
     return z;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big + other  -> Numeric
- *
- *  Adds big and other, returning the result.
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_plus(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     long n;
 
-    switch (TYPE(y)) {
-      case T_FIXNUM:
+    if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
 	n = FIX2LONG(y);
-	if ((n > 0) != RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) {
+	if ((n > 0) != BIGNUM_SIGN(x)) {
 	    if (n < 0) {
 		n = -n;
 	    }
@@ -1940,34 +5834,26 @@ rb_big_plus(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 	    n = -n;
 	}
 	return bigadd_int(x, n);
-
-      case T_BIGNUM:
+    }
+    else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
 	return bignorm(bigadd(x, y, 1));
-
-      case T_FLOAT:
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
 	return DBL2NUM(rb_big2dbl(x) + RFLOAT_VALUE(y));
-
-      default:
+    }
+    else {
 	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, '+');
     }
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big - other  -> Numeric
- *
- *  Subtracts other from big, returning the result.
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_minus(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     long n;
 
-    switch (TYPE(y)) {
-      case T_FIXNUM:
+    if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
 	n = FIX2LONG(y);
-	if ((n > 0) != RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) {
+	if ((n > 0) != BIGNUM_SIGN(x)) {
 	    if (n < 0) {
 		n = -n;
 	    }
@@ -1977,773 +5863,178 @@ rb_big_minus(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 	    n = -n;
 	}
 	return bigsub_int(x, n);
-
-      case T_BIGNUM:
+    }
+    else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
 	return bignorm(bigadd(x, y, 0));
-
-      case T_FLOAT:
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
 	return DBL2NUM(rb_big2dbl(x) - RFLOAT_VALUE(y));
-
-      default:
+    }
+    else {
 	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, '-');
     }
 }
 
-static long
-big_real_len(VALUE x)
-{
-    long i = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-    BDIGIT *xds = BDIGITS(x);
-    while (--i && !xds[i]);
-    return i + 1;
-}
-
 static VALUE
-bigmul1_single(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+bigsq(VALUE x)
 {
-    BDIGIT_DBL n;
-    VALUE z = bignew(2, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)==RBIGNUM_SIGN(y));
-    BDIGIT *xds, *yds, *zds;
+    long xn, zn;
+    VALUE z;
+    BDIGIT *xds, *zds;
 
-    xds = BDIGITS(x);
-    yds = BDIGITS(y);
-    zds = BDIGITS(z);
+    xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+    zn = 2 * xn;
 
-    n = (BDIGIT_DBL)xds[0] * yds[0];
-    zds[0] = BIGLO(n);
-    zds[1] = (BDIGIT)BIGDN(n);
-
-    return z;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-bigmul1_normal(VALUE x, VALUE y)
-{
-    long xl = RBIGNUM_LEN(x), yl = RBIGNUM_LEN(y), i, j = xl + yl + 1;
-    BDIGIT_DBL n = 0;
-    VALUE z = bignew(j, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)==RBIGNUM_SIGN(y));
-    BDIGIT *xds, *yds, *zds;
+    z = bignew(zn, 1);
 
     xds = BDIGITS(x);
-    yds = BDIGITS(y);
     zds = BDIGITS(z);
-    while (j--) zds[j] = 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < xl; i++) {
-	BDIGIT_DBL dd;
-	dd = xds[i];
-	if (dd == 0) continue;
-	n = 0;
-	for (j = 0; j < yl; j++) {
-	    BDIGIT_DBL ee = n + (BDIGIT_DBL)dd * yds[j];
-	    n = zds[i + j] + ee;
-	    if (ee) zds[i + j] = BIGLO(n);
-	    n = BIGDN(n);
-	}
-	if (n) {
-	    zds[i + j] = (BDIGIT)n;
-	}
-    }
-    rb_thread_check_ints();
-    return z;
-}
-
-static VALUE bigmul0(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 
-/* balancing multiplication by slicing larger argument */
-static VALUE
-bigmul1_balance(VALUE x, VALUE y)
-{
-    VALUE z, t1, t2;
-    long i, xn, yn, r, n;
-    BDIGIT *yds, *zds, *t1ds;
-
-    xn = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-    yn = RBIGNUM_LEN(y);
-    assert(2 * xn <= yn || 3 * xn <= 2*(yn+2));
-
-    z = bignew(xn + yn, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)==RBIGNUM_SIGN(y));
-    t1 = bignew(xn, 1);
-
-    yds = BDIGITS(y);
-    zds = BDIGITS(z);
-    t1ds = BDIGITS(t1);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < xn + yn; i++) zds[i] = 0;
-
-    n = 0;
-    while (yn > 0) {
-	r = xn > yn ? yn : xn;
-	MEMCPY(t1ds, yds + n, BDIGIT, r);
-	RBIGNUM_SET_LEN(t1, r);
-	t2 = bigmul0(x, t1);
-	bigadd_core(zds + n, RBIGNUM_LEN(z) - n,
-		    BDIGITS(t2), big_real_len(t2),
-		    zds + n, RBIGNUM_LEN(z) - n);
-	yn -= r;
-	n += r;
-    }
+    if (xn < NAIVE_MUL_DIGITS)
+        bary_sq_fast(zds, zn, xds, xn);
+    else
+        bary_mul(zds, zn, xds, xn, xds, xn);
 
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
     return z;
 }
 
-/* split a bignum into high and low bignums */
-static void
-big_split(VALUE v, long n, volatile VALUE *ph, volatile VALUE *pl)
-{
-    long hn = 0, ln = RBIGNUM_LEN(v);
-    VALUE h, l;
-    BDIGIT *vds = BDIGITS(v);
-
-    if (ln > n) {
-	hn = ln - n;
-	ln = n;
-    }
-
-    if (!hn) {
-	h = rb_uint2big(0);
-    }
-    else {
-	while (--hn && !vds[hn + ln]);
-	h = bignew(hn += 2, 1);
-	MEMCPY(BDIGITS(h), vds + ln, BDIGIT, hn - 1);
-	BDIGITS(h)[hn - 1] = 0; /* margin for carry */
-    }
-
-    while (--ln && !vds[ln]);
-    l = bignew(ln += 2, 1);
-    MEMCPY(BDIGITS(l), vds, BDIGIT, ln - 1);
-    BDIGITS(l)[ln - 1] = 0; /* margin for carry */
-
-    *pl = l;
-    *ph = h;
-}
-
-/* multiplication by karatsuba method */
 static VALUE
-bigmul1_karatsuba(VALUE x, VALUE y)
-{
-    long i, n, xn, yn, t1n, t2n;
-    VALUE xh, xl, yh, yl, z, t1, t2, t3;
-    BDIGIT *zds;
-
-    xn = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-    yn = RBIGNUM_LEN(y);
-    n = yn / 2;
-    big_split(x, n, &xh, &xl);
-    if (x == y) {
-	yh = xh; yl = xl;
-    }
-    else big_split(y, n, &yh, &yl);
-
-    /* x = xh * b + xl
-     * y = yh * b + yl
-     *
-     * Karatsuba method:
-     *   x * y = z2 * b^2 + z1 * b + z0
-     *   where
-     *     z2 = xh * yh
-     *     z0 = xl * yl
-     *     z1 = (xh + xl) * (yh + yl) - z2 - z0
-     *
-     *  ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karatsuba_algorithm
-     */
-
-    /* allocate a result bignum */
-    z = bignew(xn + yn, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)==RBIGNUM_SIGN(y));
-    zds = BDIGITS(z);
-
-    /* t1 <- xh * yh */
-    t1 = bigmul0(xh, yh);
-    t1n = big_real_len(t1);
-
-    /* copy t1 into high bytes of the result (z2) */
-    MEMCPY(zds + 2 * n, BDIGITS(t1), BDIGIT, t1n);
-    for (i = 2 * n + t1n; i < xn + yn; i++) zds[i] = 0;
-
-    if (!BIGZEROP(xl) && !BIGZEROP(yl)) {
-	/* t2 <- xl * yl */
-	t2 = bigmul0(xl, yl);
-	t2n = big_real_len(t2);
-
-	/* copy t2 into low bytes of the result (z0) */
-	MEMCPY(zds, BDIGITS(t2), BDIGIT, t2n);
-	for (i = t2n; i < 2 * n; i++) zds[i] = 0;
-    }
-    else {
-	t2 = Qundef;
-	t2n = 0;
-
-	/* copy 0 into low bytes of the result (z0) */
-	for (i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) zds[i] = 0;
-    }
-
-    /* xh <- xh + xl */
-    if (RBIGNUM_LEN(xl) > RBIGNUM_LEN(xh)) {
-	t3 = xl; xl = xh; xh = t3;
-    }
-    /* xh has a margin for carry */
-    bigadd_core(BDIGITS(xh), RBIGNUM_LEN(xh),
-		BDIGITS(xl), RBIGNUM_LEN(xl),
-		BDIGITS(xh), RBIGNUM_LEN(xh));
-
-    /* yh <- yh + yl */
-    if (x != y) {
-	if (RBIGNUM_LEN(yl) > RBIGNUM_LEN(yh)) {
-	    t3 = yl; yl = yh; yh = t3;
-	}
-	/* yh has a margin for carry */
-	bigadd_core(BDIGITS(yh), RBIGNUM_LEN(yh),
-		    BDIGITS(yl), RBIGNUM_LEN(yl),
-		    BDIGITS(yh), RBIGNUM_LEN(yh));
-    }
-    else yh = xh;
-
-    /* t3 <- xh * yh */
-    t3 = bigmul0(xh, yh);
-
-    i = xn + yn - n;
-    /* subtract t1 from t3 */
-    bigsub_core(BDIGITS(t3), big_real_len(t3), BDIGITS(t1), t1n, BDIGITS(t3), big_real_len(t3));
-
-    /* subtract t2 from t3; t3 is now the middle term of the product */
-    if (t2 != Qundef) bigsub_core(BDIGITS(t3), big_real_len(t3), BDIGITS(t2), t2n, BDIGITS(t3), big_real_len(t3));
-
-    /* add t3 to middle bytes of the result (z1) */
-    bigadd_core(zds + n, i, BDIGITS(t3), big_real_len(t3), zds + n, i);
-
-    return z;
-}
-
-static void
-biglsh_bang(BDIGIT *xds, long xn, unsigned long shift)
-{
-    long const s1 = shift/BITSPERDIG;
-    int const s2 = (int)(shift%BITSPERDIG);
-    int const s3 = BITSPERDIG-s2;
-    BDIGIT* zds;
-    BDIGIT num;
-    long i;
-    if (s1 >= xn) {
-	MEMZERO(xds, BDIGIT, xn);
-	return;
-    }
-    zds = xds + xn - 1;
-    xn -= s1 + 1;
-    num = xds[xn]<<s2;
-    do {
-	*zds-- = num | xds[--xn]>>s3;
-	num = xds[xn]<<s2;
-    }
-    while (xn > 0);
-    *zds = num;
-    for (i = s1; i > 0; --i)
-	*zds-- = 0;
-}
-
-static void
-bigrsh_bang(BDIGIT* xds, long xn, unsigned long shift)
-{
-    long s1 = shift/BITSPERDIG;
-    int s2 = (int)(shift%BITSPERDIG);
-    int s3 = BITSPERDIG - s2;
-    int i;
-    BDIGIT num;
-    BDIGIT* zds;
-    if (s1 >= xn) {
-	MEMZERO(xds, BDIGIT, xn);
-	return;
-    }
-
-    i = 0;
-    zds = xds + s1;
-    num = *zds++>>s2;
-    do {
-	xds[i++] = (BDIGIT)(*zds<<s3) | num;
-	num = *zds++>>s2;
-    }
-    while (i < xn - s1 - 1);
-    xds[i] = num;
-    MEMZERO(xds + xn - s1, BDIGIT, s1);
-}
-
-static void
-big_split3(VALUE v, long n, volatile VALUE* p0, volatile VALUE* p1, volatile VALUE* p2)
-{
-    VALUE v0, v12, v1, v2;
-
-    big_split(v, n, &v12, &v0);
-    big_split(v12, n, &v2, &v1);
-
-    *p0 = bigtrunc(v0);
-    *p1 = bigtrunc(v1);
-    *p2 = bigtrunc(v2);
-}
-
-static VALUE big_lshift(VALUE, unsigned long);
-static VALUE big_rshift(VALUE, unsigned long);
-static VALUE bigdivrem(VALUE, VALUE, volatile VALUE*, volatile VALUE*);
-
-static VALUE
-bigmul1_toom3(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+bigmul0(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    long n, xn, yn, zn;
-    VALUE x0, x1, x2, y0, y1, y2;
-    VALUE u0, u1, u2, u3, u4, v1, v2, v3;
-    VALUE z0, z1, z2, z3, z4, z, t;
-    BDIGIT* zds;
-
-    xn = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-    yn = RBIGNUM_LEN(y);
-    assert(xn <= yn);  /* assume y >= x */
-
-    n = (yn + 2) / 3;
-    big_split3(x, n, &x0, &x1, &x2);
-    if (x == y) {
-	y0 = x0; y1 = x1; y2 = x2;
-    }
-    else big_split3(y, n, &y0, &y1, &y2);
-
-    /*
-     * ref. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toom%E2%80%93Cook_multiplication
-     *
-     * x(b) = x0 * b^0 + x1 * b^1 + x2 * b^2
-     * y(b) = y0 * b^0 + y1 * b^1 + y2 * b^2
-     *
-     * z(b) = x(b) * y(b)
-     * z(b) = z0 * b^0 + z1 * b^1 + z2 * b^2 + z3 * b^3 + z4 * b^4
-     * where:
-     *   z0 = x0 * y0
-     *   z1 = x0 * y1 + x1 * y0
-     *   z2 = x0 * y2 + x1 * y1 + x2 * y0
-     *   z3 = x1 * y2 + x2 * y1
-     *   z4 = x2 * y2
-     *
-     * Toom3 method (a.k.a. Toom-Cook method):
-     * (Step1) calculating 5 points z(b0), z(b1), z(b2), z(b3), z(b4),
-     * where:
-     *   b0 = 0, b1 = 1, b2 = -1, b3 = -2, b4 = inf,
-     *   z(0)   = x(0)   * y(0)   = x0 * y0
-     *   z(1)   = x(1)   * y(1)   = (x0 + x1 + x2) * (y0 + y1 + y2)
-     *   z(-1)  = x(-1)  * y(-1)  = (x0 - x1 + x2) * (y0 - y1 + y2)
-     *   z(-2)  = x(-2)  * y(-2)  = (x0 - 2 * (x1 - 2 * x2)) * (y0 - 2 * (y1 - 2 * y2))
-     *   z(inf) = x(inf) * y(inf) = x2 * y2
-     *
-     * (Step2) interpolating z0, z1, z2, z3, z4, and z5.
-     *
-     * (Step3) Substituting base value into b of the polynomial z(b),
-     */
-
-    /*
-     * [Step1] calculating 5 points z(b0), z(b1), z(b2), z(b3), z(b4)
-     */
-
-    /* u1 <- x0 + x2 */
-    u1 = bigtrunc(bigadd(x0, x2, 1));
-
-    /* x(-1) : u2 <- u1 - x1 = x0 - x1 + x2 */
-    u2 = bigtrunc(bigsub(u1, x1));
-
-    /* x(1) : u1 <- u1 + x1 = x0 + x1 + x2 */
-    u1 = bigtrunc(bigadd(u1, x1, 1));
-
-    /* x(-2) : u3 <- 2 * (u2 + x2) - x0 = x0 - 2 * (x1 - 2 * x2) */
-    u3 = bigadd(u2, x2, 1);
-    if (BDIGITS(u3)[RBIGNUM_LEN(u3)-1] & BIGRAD_HALF) {
-	rb_big_resize(u3, RBIGNUM_LEN(u3) + 1);
-	BDIGITS(u3)[RBIGNUM_LEN(u3)-1] = 0;
-    }
-    biglsh_bang(BDIGITS(u3), RBIGNUM_LEN(u3), 1);
-    u3 = bigtrunc(bigadd(bigtrunc(u3), x0, 0));
-
-    if (x == y) {
-	v1 = u1; v2 = u2; v3 = u3;
-    }
-    else {
-	/* v1 <- y0 + y2 */
-	v1 = bigtrunc(bigadd(y0, y2, 1));
-
-	/* y(-1) : v2 <- v1 - y1 = y0 - y1 + y2 */
-	v2 = bigtrunc(bigsub(v1, y1));
-
-	/* y(1) : v1 <- v1 + y1 = y0 + y1 + y2 */
-	v1 = bigtrunc(bigadd(v1, y1, 1));
-
-	/* y(-2) : v3 <- 2 * (v2 + y2) - y0 = y0 - 2 * (y1 - 2 * y2) */
-	v3 = bigadd(v2, y2, 1);
-	if (BDIGITS(v3)[RBIGNUM_LEN(v3)-1] & BIGRAD_HALF) {
-	    rb_big_resize(v3, RBIGNUM_LEN(v3) + 1);
-	    BDIGITS(v3)[RBIGNUM_LEN(v3)-1] = 0;
-	}
-	biglsh_bang(BDIGITS(v3), RBIGNUM_LEN(v3), 1);
-	v3 = bigtrunc(bigadd(bigtrunc(v3), y0, 0));
-    }
-
-    /* z(0) : u0 <- x0 * y0 */
-    u0 = bigtrunc(bigmul0(x0, y0));
-
-    /* z(1) : u1 <- u1 * v1 */
-    u1 = bigtrunc(bigmul0(u1, v1));
-
-    /* z(-1) : u2 <- u2 * v2 */
-    u2 = bigtrunc(bigmul0(u2, v2));
-
-    /* z(-2) : u3 <- u3 * v3 */
-    u3 = bigtrunc(bigmul0(u3, v3));
-
-    /* z(inf) : u4 <- x2 * y2 */
-    u4 = bigtrunc(bigmul0(x2, y2));
-
-    /* for GC */
-    v1 = v2 = v3 = Qnil;
-
-    /*
-     * [Step2] interpolating z0, z1, z2, z3, z4, and z5.
-     */
-
-    /* z0 <- z(0) == u0 */
-    z0 = u0;
-
-    /* z4 <- z(inf) == u4 */
-    z4 = u4;
-
-    /* z3 <- (z(-2) - z(1)) / 3 == (u3 - u1) / 3 */
-    z3 = bigadd(u3, u1, 0);
-    bigdivrem(z3, big_three, &z3, NULL); /* TODO: optimize */
-    bigtrunc(z3);
-
-    /* z1 <- (z(1) - z(-1)) / 2 == (u1 - u2) / 2 */
-    z1 = bigtrunc(bigadd(u1, u2, 0));
-    bigrsh_bang(BDIGITS(z1), RBIGNUM_LEN(z1), 1);
-
-    /* z2 <- z(-1) - z(0) == u2 - u0 */
-    z2 = bigtrunc(bigadd(u2, u0, 0));
-
-    /* z3 <- (z2 - z3) / 2 + 2 * z(inf) == (z2 - z3) / 2 + 2 * u4 */
-    z3 = bigtrunc(bigadd(z2, z3, 0));
-    bigrsh_bang(BDIGITS(z3), RBIGNUM_LEN(z3), 1);
-    t = big_lshift(u4, 1); /* TODO: combining with next addition */
-    z3 = bigtrunc(bigadd(z3, t, 1));
+    long xn, yn, zn;
+    VALUE z;
+    BDIGIT *xds, *yds, *zds;
 
-    /* z2 <- z2 + z1 - z(inf) == z2 + z1 - u4 */
-    z2 = bigtrunc(bigadd(z2, z1, 1));
-    z2 = bigtrunc(bigadd(z2, u4, 0));
+    if (x == y)
+        return bigsq(x);
 
-    /* z1 <- z1 - z3 */
-    z1 = bigtrunc(bigadd(z1, z3, 0));
+    xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+    yn = BIGNUM_LEN(y);
+    zn = xn + yn;
 
-    /*
-     * [Step3] Substituting base value into b of the polynomial z(b),
-     */
+    z = bignew(zn, BIGNUM_SIGN(x)==BIGNUM_SIGN(y));
 
-    zn = 6*n + 1;
-    z = bignew(zn, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)==RBIGNUM_SIGN(y));
+    xds = BDIGITS(x);
+    yds = BDIGITS(y);
     zds = BDIGITS(z);
-    MEMCPY(zds, BDIGITS(z0), BDIGIT, RBIGNUM_LEN(z0));
-    MEMZERO(zds + RBIGNUM_LEN(z0), BDIGIT, zn - RBIGNUM_LEN(z0));
-    bigadd_core(zds +   n, zn -   n, BDIGITS(z1), big_real_len(z1), zds +   n, zn -   n);
-    bigadd_core(zds + 2*n, zn - 2*n, BDIGITS(z2), big_real_len(z2), zds + 2*n, zn - 2*n);
-    bigadd_core(zds + 3*n, zn - 3*n, BDIGITS(z3), big_real_len(z3), zds + 3*n, zn - 3*n);
-    bigadd_core(zds + 4*n, zn - 4*n, BDIGITS(z4), big_real_len(z4), zds + 4*n, zn - 4*n);
-    z = bignorm(z);
 
-    return bignorm(z);
-}
+    bary_mul(zds, zn, xds, xn, yds, yn);
 
-/* efficient squaring (2 times faster than normal multiplication)
- * ref: Handbook of Applied Cryptography, Algorithm 14.16
- *      http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap14.pdf
- */
-static VALUE
-bigsqr_fast(VALUE x)
-{
-    long len = RBIGNUM_LEN(x), i, j;
-    VALUE z = bignew(2 * len + 1, 1);
-    BDIGIT *xds = BDIGITS(x), *zds = BDIGITS(z);
-    BDIGIT_DBL c, v, w;
-
-    for (i = 2 * len + 1; i--; ) zds[i] = 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-	v = (BDIGIT_DBL)xds[i];
-	if (!v) continue;
-	c = (BDIGIT_DBL)zds[i + i] + v * v;
-	zds[i + i] = BIGLO(c);
-	c = BIGDN(c);
-	v *= 2;
-	for (j = i + 1; j < len; j++) {
-	    w = (BDIGIT_DBL)xds[j];
-	    c += (BDIGIT_DBL)zds[i + j] + BIGLO(v) * w;
-	    zds[i + j] = BIGLO(c);
-	    c = BIGDN(c);
-	    if (BIGDN(v)) c += w;
-	}
-	if (c) {
-	    c += (BDIGIT_DBL)zds[i + len];
-	    zds[i + len] = BIGLO(c);
-	    c = BIGDN(c);
-	}
-	if (c) zds[i + len + 1] += (BDIGIT)c;
-    }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(y);
     return z;
 }
 
-#define KARATSUBA_MUL_DIGITS 70
-#define TOOM3_MUL_DIGITS 150
-
-
-/* determine whether a bignum is sparse or not by random sampling */
-static inline VALUE
-big_sparse_p(VALUE x)
-{
-    long c = 0, n = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-
-    if (          BDIGITS(x)[rb_genrand_ulong_limited(n / 2) + n / 4]) c++;
-    if (c <= 1 && BDIGITS(x)[rb_genrand_ulong_limited(n / 2) + n / 4]) c++;
-    if (c <= 1 && BDIGITS(x)[rb_genrand_ulong_limited(n / 2) + n / 4]) c++;
-
-    return (c <= 1) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-bigmul0(VALUE x, VALUE y)
-{
-    long xn, yn;
-
-    xn = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-    yn = RBIGNUM_LEN(y);
-
-    /* make sure that y is longer than x */
-    if (xn > yn) {
-	VALUE t;
-	long tn;
-	t = x; x = y; y = t;
-	tn = xn; xn = yn; yn = tn;
-    }
-    assert(xn <= yn);
-
-    /* normal multiplication when x is small */
-    if (xn < KARATSUBA_MUL_DIGITS) {
-      normal:
-	if (x == y) return bigsqr_fast(x);
-	if (xn == 1 && yn == 1) return bigmul1_single(x, y);
-	return bigmul1_normal(x, y);
-    }
-
-    /* normal multiplication when x or y is a sparse bignum */
-    if (big_sparse_p(x)) goto normal;
-    if (big_sparse_p(y)) return bigmul1_normal(y, x);
-
-    /* balance multiplication by slicing y when x is much smaller than y */
-    if (2 * xn <= yn) return bigmul1_balance(x, y);
-
-    if (xn < TOOM3_MUL_DIGITS) {
-	/* multiplication by karatsuba method */
-	return bigmul1_karatsuba(x, y);
-    }
-    else if (3*xn <= 2*(yn + 2))
-	return bigmul1_balance(x, y);
-    return bigmul1_toom3(x, y);
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big * other  -> Numeric
- *
- *  Multiplies big and other, returning the result.
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_mul(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    switch (TYPE(y)) {
-      case T_FIXNUM:
+    if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
 	y = rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(y));
-	break;
-
-      case T_BIGNUM:
-	break;
-
-      case T_FLOAT:
+    }
+    else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
 	return DBL2NUM(rb_big2dbl(x) * RFLOAT_VALUE(y));
-
-      default:
+    }
+    else {
 	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, '*');
     }
 
     return bignorm(bigmul0(x, y));
 }
 
-struct big_div_struct {
-    long nx, ny;
-    BDIGIT *yds, *zds;
-    VALUE stop;
-};
-
 static VALUE
-bigdivrem1(void *ptr)
+bigdivrem(VALUE x, VALUE y, volatile VALUE *divp, volatile VALUE *modp)
 {
-    struct big_div_struct *bds = (struct big_div_struct*)ptr;
-    long nx = bds->nx, ny = bds->ny;
-    long i, j, nyzero;
-    BDIGIT *yds = bds->yds, *zds = bds->zds;
-    BDIGIT_DBL t2;
-    BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED num;
-    BDIGIT q;
-
-    j = nx==ny?nx+1:nx;
-    for (nyzero = 0; !yds[nyzero]; nyzero++);
-    do {
-	if (bds->stop) return Qnil;
-	if (zds[j] ==  yds[ny-1]) q = (BDIGIT)BIGRAD-1;
-	else q = (BDIGIT)((BIGUP(zds[j]) + zds[j-1])/yds[ny-1]);
-	if (q) {
-           i = nyzero; num = 0; t2 = 0;
-	    do {			/* multiply and subtract */
-		BDIGIT_DBL ee;
-		t2 += (BDIGIT_DBL)yds[i] * q;
-		ee = num - BIGLO(t2);
-		num = (BDIGIT_DBL)zds[j - ny + i] + ee;
-		if (ee) zds[j - ny + i] = BIGLO(num);
-		num = BIGDN(num);
-		t2 = BIGDN(t2);
-	    } while (++i < ny);
-	    num += zds[j - ny + i] - t2;/* borrow from high digit; don't update */
-	    while (num) {		/* "add back" required */
-		i = 0; num = 0; q--;
-		do {
-		    BDIGIT_DBL ee = num + yds[i];
-		    num = (BDIGIT_DBL)zds[j - ny + i] + ee;
-		    if (ee) zds[j - ny + i] = BIGLO(num);
-		    num = BIGDN(num);
-		} while (++i < ny);
-		num--;
-	    }
-	}
-	zds[j] = q;
-    } while (--j >= ny);
-    return Qnil;
-}
+    long xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x), yn = BIGNUM_LEN(y);
+    VALUE z;
+    BDIGIT *xds, *yds, *zds;
+    BDIGIT dd;
 
-static void
-rb_big_stop(void *ptr)
-{
-    VALUE *stop = (VALUE*)ptr;
-    *stop = Qtrue;
-}
+    VALUE q = Qnil, r = Qnil;
+    BDIGIT *qds, *rds;
+    long qn, rn;
 
-static VALUE
-bigdivrem(VALUE x, VALUE y, volatile VALUE *divp, volatile VALUE *modp)
-{
-    struct big_div_struct bds;
-    long nx = RBIGNUM_LEN(x), ny = RBIGNUM_LEN(y);
-    long i, j;
-    VALUE z, yy, zz;
-    BDIGIT *xds, *yds, *zds, *tds;
-    BDIGIT_DBL t2;
-    BDIGIT dd, q;
+    yds = BDIGITS(y);
+    BARY_TRUNC(yds, yn);
+    if (yn == 0)
+        rb_num_zerodiv();
 
-    if (BIGZEROP(y)) rb_num_zerodiv();
     xds = BDIGITS(x);
-    yds = BDIGITS(y);
-    if (nx < ny || (nx == ny && xds[nx - 1] < yds[ny - 1])) {
+    BARY_TRUNC(xds, xn);
+
+    if (xn < yn || (xn == yn && xds[xn - 1] < yds[yn - 1])) {
 	if (divp) *divp = rb_int2big(0);
 	if (modp) *modp = x;
 	return Qnil;
     }
-    if (ny == 1) {
+    if (yn == 1) {
 	dd = yds[0];
-	z = rb_big_clone(x);
+	z = bignew(xn, BIGNUM_SIGN(x)==BIGNUM_SIGN(y));
 	zds = BDIGITS(z);
-	t2 = 0; i = nx;
-	while (i--) {
-	    t2 = BIGUP(t2) + zds[i];
-	    zds[i] = (BDIGIT)(t2 / dd);
-	    t2 %= dd;
-	}
-	RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(z, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)==RBIGNUM_SIGN(y));
+        dd = bigdivrem_single(zds, xds, xn, dd);
 	if (modp) {
-	    *modp = rb_uint2big((VALUE)t2);
-	    RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(*modp, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x));
+	    *modp = rb_uint2big((uintptr_t)dd);
+	    BIGNUM_SET_SIGN(*modp, BIGNUM_SIGN(x));
 	}
 	if (divp) *divp = z;
 	return Qnil;
     }
+    if (xn == 2 && yn == 2) {
+        BDIGIT_DBL x0 = bary2bdigitdbl(xds, 2);
+        BDIGIT_DBL y0 = bary2bdigitdbl(yds, 2);
+        BDIGIT_DBL q0 = x0 / y0;
+        BDIGIT_DBL r0 = x0 % y0;
+        if (divp) {
+            z = bignew(bdigit_roomof(sizeof(BDIGIT_DBL)), BIGNUM_SIGN(x)==BIGNUM_SIGN(y));
+            zds = BDIGITS(z);
+            zds[0] = BIGLO(q0);
+            zds[1] = BIGLO(BIGDN(q0));
+            *divp = z;
+        }
+        if (modp) {
+            z = bignew(bdigit_roomof(sizeof(BDIGIT_DBL)), BIGNUM_SIGN(x));
+            zds = BDIGITS(z);
+            zds[0] = BIGLO(r0);
+            zds[1] = BIGLO(BIGDN(r0));
+            *modp = z;
+        }
+        return Qnil;
+    }
 
-    z = bignew(nx==ny?nx+2:nx+1, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)==RBIGNUM_SIGN(y));
-    zds = BDIGITS(z);
-    if (nx==ny) zds[nx+1] = 0;
-    while (!yds[ny-1]) ny--;
-
-    dd = 0;
-    q = yds[ny-1];
-    while ((q & (BDIGIT)(1UL<<(BITSPERDIG-1))) == 0) {
-	q <<= 1UL;
-	dd++;
-    }
-    if (dd) {
-	yy = rb_big_clone(y);
-	tds = BDIGITS(yy);
-	j = 0;
-	t2 = 0;
-	while (j<ny) {
-	    t2 += (BDIGIT_DBL)yds[j]<<dd;
-	    tds[j++] = BIGLO(t2);
-	    t2 = BIGDN(t2);
-	}
-	yds = tds;
-	RB_GC_GUARD(y) = yy;
-	j = 0;
-	t2 = 0;
-	while (j<nx) {
-	    t2 += (BDIGIT_DBL)xds[j]<<dd;
-	    zds[j++] = BIGLO(t2);
-	    t2 = BIGDN(t2);
-	}
-	zds[j] = (BDIGIT)t2;
+    if (divp) {
+        qn = xn + BIGDIVREM_EXTRA_WORDS;
+        q = bignew(qn, BIGNUM_SIGN(x)==BIGNUM_SIGN(y));
+        qds = BDIGITS(q);
     }
     else {
-	zds[nx] = 0;
-	j = nx;
-	while (j--) zds[j] = xds[j];
+        qn = 0;
+        qds = NULL;
     }
 
-    bds.nx = nx;
-    bds.ny = ny;
-    bds.zds = zds;
-    bds.yds = yds;
-    bds.stop = Qfalse;
-    if (nx > 10000 || ny > 10000) {
-	rb_thread_blocking_region(bigdivrem1, &bds, rb_big_stop, &bds.stop);
+    if (modp) {
+        rn = yn;
+        r = bignew(rn, BIGNUM_SIGN(x));
+        rds = BDIGITS(r);
     }
     else {
-	bigdivrem1(&bds);
+        rn = 0;
+        rds = NULL;
     }
 
-    if (divp) {			/* move quotient down in z */
-	*divp = zz = rb_big_clone(z);
-	zds = BDIGITS(zz);
-	j = (nx==ny ? nx+2 : nx+1) - ny;
-	for (i = 0;i < j;i++) zds[i] = zds[i+ny];
-	if (!zds[i-1]) i--;
-	RBIGNUM_SET_LEN(zz, i);
-    }
-    if (modp) {			/* normalize remainder */
-	*modp = zz = rb_big_clone(z);
-	zds = BDIGITS(zz);
-	while (ny > 1 && !zds[ny-1]) --ny;
-	if (dd) {
-	    t2 = 0; i = ny;
-	    while(i--) {
-		t2 = (t2 | zds[i]) >> dd;
-		q = zds[i];
-		zds[i] = BIGLO(t2);
-		t2 = BIGUP(q);
-	    }
-	}
-	if (!zds[ny-1]) ny--;
-	RBIGNUM_SET_LEN(zz, ny);
-	RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(zz, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x));
+    bary_divmod_branch(qds, qn, rds, rn, xds, xn, yds, yn);
+
+    if (divp) {
+        bigtrunc(q);
+        *divp = q;
     }
-    return z;
+    if (modp) {
+        bigtrunc(r);
+        *modp = r;
+    }
+
+    return Qnil;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -2752,7 +6043,7 @@ bigdivmod(VALUE x, VALUE y, volatile VALUE *divp, volatile VALUE *modp)
     VALUE mod;
 
     bigdivrem(x, y, divp, &mod);
-    if (RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) != RBIGNUM_SIGN(y) && !BIGZEROP(mod)) {
+    if (BIGNUM_SIGN(x) != BIGNUM_SIGN(y) && !BIGZEROP(mod)) {
 	if (divp) *divp = bigadd(*divp, rb_int2big(1), 0);
 	if (modp) *modp = bigadd(mod, y, 1);
     }
@@ -2767,26 +6058,25 @@ rb_big_divide(VALUE x, VALUE y, ID op)
 {
     VALUE z;
 
-    switch (TYPE(y)) {
-      case T_FIXNUM:
+    if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
 	y = rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(y));
-	break;
-
-      case T_BIGNUM:
-	break;
-
-      case T_FLOAT:
-	{
-	    double div = rb_big2dbl(x) / RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
-	    if (op == '/') {
-		return DBL2NUM(div);
-	    }
-	    else {
-		return rb_dbl2big(div);
-	    }
+    }
+    else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
+	if (op == '/') {
+            double dx = rb_big2dbl(x);
+            return rb_flo_div_flo(DBL2NUM(dx), y);
 	}
-
-      default:
+	else {
+            VALUE v;
+	    double dy = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
+	    if (dy == 0.0) rb_num_zerodiv();
+            v = rb_big_divide(x, y, '/');
+            return rb_dbl2big(RFLOAT_VALUE(v));
+	}
+    }
+    else {
 	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, op);
     }
     bigdivmod(x, y, &z, 0);
@@ -2794,57 +6084,27 @@ rb_big_divide(VALUE x, VALUE y, ID op)
     return bignorm(z);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big / other     -> Numeric
- *
- * Performs division: the class of the resulting object depends on
- * the class of <code>numeric</code> and on the magnitude of the
- * result.
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_div(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     return rb_big_divide(x, y, '/');
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.div(other)  -> integer
- *
- * Performs integer division: returns integer value.
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_idiv(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    return rb_big_divide(x, y, rb_intern("div"));
+    return rb_big_divide(x, y, idDiv);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big % other         -> Numeric
- *     big.modulo(other)   -> Numeric
- *
- *  Returns big modulo other. See Numeric.divmod for more
- *  information.
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_modulo(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     VALUE z;
 
-    switch (TYPE(y)) {
-      case T_FIXNUM:
+    if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
 	y = rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(y));
-	break;
-
-      case T_BIGNUM:
-	break;
-
-      default:
+    }
+    else if (!RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
 	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, '%');
     }
     bigdivmod(x, y, 0, &z);
@@ -2852,29 +6112,15 @@ rb_big_modulo(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return bignorm(z);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.remainder(numeric)    -> number
- *
- *  Returns the remainder after dividing <i>big</i> by <i>numeric</i>.
- *
- *     -1234567890987654321.remainder(13731)      #=> -6966
- *     -1234567890987654321.remainder(13731.24)   #=> -9906.22531493148
- */
-static VALUE
+VALUE
 rb_big_remainder(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     VALUE z;
 
-    switch (TYPE(y)) {
-      case T_FIXNUM:
+    if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
 	y = rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(y));
-	break;
-
-      case T_BIGNUM:
-	break;
-
-      default:
+    }
+    else if (!RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
 	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, rb_intern("remainder"));
     }
     bigdivrem(x, y, 0, &z);
@@ -2882,852 +6128,1029 @@ rb_big_remainder(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return bignorm(z);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.divmod(numeric)   -> array
- *
- *  See <code>Numeric#divmod</code>.
- *
- */
 VALUE
 rb_big_divmod(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     VALUE div, mod;
 
-    switch (TYPE(y)) {
-      case T_FIXNUM:
+    if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
 	y = rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(y));
-	break;
-
-      case T_BIGNUM:
-	break;
-
-      default:
-	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, rb_intern("divmod"));
+    }
+    else if (!RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
+        return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, idDivmod);
     }
     bigdivmod(x, y, &div, &mod);
 
     return rb_assoc_new(bignorm(div), bignorm(mod));
 }
 
-static int
-bdigbitsize(BDIGIT x)
-{
-    int size = 1;
-    int nb = BITSPERDIG / 2;
-    BDIGIT bits = (~0 << nb);
-
-    if (!x) return 0;
-    while (x > 1) {
-	if (x & bits) {
-	    size += nb;
-	    x >>= nb;
-	}
-	x &= ~bits;
-	nb /= 2;
-	bits >>= nb;
-    }
-
-    return size;
-}
-
-static VALUE big_lshift(VALUE, unsigned long);
-static VALUE big_rshift(VALUE, unsigned long);
-
 static VALUE
 big_shift(VALUE x, long n)
 {
     if (n < 0)
-	return big_lshift(x, (unsigned long)-n);
+	return big_lshift(x, 1+(unsigned long)(-(n+1)));
     else if (n > 0)
 	return big_rshift(x, (unsigned long)n);
     return x;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-big_fdiv(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+enum {DBL_BIGDIG = ((DBL_MANT_DIG + BITSPERDIG) / BITSPERDIG)};
+
+static double
+big_fdiv(VALUE x, VALUE y, long ey)
 {
-#define DBL_BIGDIG ((DBL_MANT_DIG + BITSPERDIG) / BITSPERDIG)
     VALUE z;
-    long l, ex, ey;
-    int i;
+    long l, ex;
 
     bigtrunc(x);
-    l = RBIGNUM_LEN(x) - 1;
-    ex = l * BITSPERDIG;
-    ex += bdigbitsize(BDIGITS(x)[l]);
+    l = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+    ex = l * BITSPERDIG - nlz(BDIGITS(x)[l-1]);
     ex -= 2 * DBL_BIGDIG * BITSPERDIG;
+    if (ex > BITSPERDIG) ex -= BITSPERDIG;
+    else if (ex > 0) ex = 0;
     if (ex) x = big_shift(x, ex);
 
-    switch (TYPE(y)) {
-      case T_FIXNUM:
-	y = rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(y));
-      case T_BIGNUM: {
-	bigtrunc(y);
-	l = RBIGNUM_LEN(y) - 1;
-	ey = l * BITSPERDIG;
-	ey += bdigbitsize(BDIGITS(y)[l]);
-	ey -= DBL_BIGDIG * BITSPERDIG;
-	if (ey) y = big_shift(y, ey);
-      bignum:
-	bigdivrem(x, y, &z, 0);
-	l = ex - ey;
+    bigdivrem(x, y, &z, 0);
+    l = ex - ey;
 #if SIZEOF_LONG > SIZEOF_INT
-	{
-	    /* Visual C++ can't be here */
-	    if (l > INT_MAX) return DBL2NUM(INFINITY);
-	    if (l < INT_MIN) return DBL2NUM(0.0);
-	}
-#endif
-	return DBL2NUM(ldexp(big2dbl(z), (int)l));
-      }
-      case T_FLOAT:
-	y = dbl2big(ldexp(frexp(RFLOAT_VALUE(y), &i), DBL_MANT_DIG));
-	ey = i - DBL_MANT_DIG;
-	goto bignum;
+    {
+	/* Visual C++ can't be here */
+	if (l > INT_MAX) return HUGE_VAL;
+	if (l < INT_MIN) return 0.0;
     }
-    rb_bug("big_fdiv");
-    /* NOTREACHED */
+#endif
+    return ldexp(big2dbl(z), (int)l);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
-  *     big.fdiv(numeric) -> float
- *
- *  Returns the floating point result of dividing <i>big</i> by
- *  <i>numeric</i>.
- *
- *     -1234567890987654321.fdiv(13731)      #=> -89910996357705.5
- *     -1234567890987654321.fdiv(13731.24)   #=> -89909424858035.7
- *
- */
+static double
+big_fdiv_int(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    long l, ey;
+    bigtrunc(y);
+    l = BIGNUM_LEN(y);
+    ey = l * BITSPERDIG - nlz(BDIGITS(y)[l-1]);
+    ey -= DBL_BIGDIG * BITSPERDIG;
+    if (ey) y = big_shift(y, ey);
+    return big_fdiv(x, y, ey);
+}
 
+static double
+big_fdiv_float(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    int i;
+    y = dbl2big(ldexp(frexp(RFLOAT_VALUE(y), &i), DBL_MANT_DIG));
+    return big_fdiv(x, y, i - DBL_MANT_DIG);
+}
 
-VALUE
-rb_big_fdiv(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+double
+rb_big_fdiv_double(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     double dx, dy;
+    VALUE v;
 
     dx = big2dbl(x);
-    switch (TYPE(y)) {
-      case T_FIXNUM:
+    if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
 	dy = (double)FIX2LONG(y);
 	if (isinf(dx))
-	    return big_fdiv(x, y);
-	break;
-
-      case T_BIGNUM:
-	dy = rb_big2dbl(y);
-	if (isinf(dx) || isinf(dy))
-	    return big_fdiv(x, y);
-	break;
-
-      case T_FLOAT:
+	    return big_fdiv_int(x, rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(y)));
+    }
+    else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
+	return big_fdiv_int(x, y);
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
 	dy = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
 	if (isnan(dy))
-	    return y;
+	    return dy;
 	if (isinf(dx))
-	    return big_fdiv(x, y);
-	break;
-
-      default:
-	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, rb_intern("fdiv"));
+	    return big_fdiv_float(x, y);
     }
-    return DBL2NUM(dx / dy);
+    else {
+        return NUM2DBL(rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, idFdiv));
+    }
+    v = rb_flo_div_flo(DBL2NUM(dx), DBL2NUM(dy));
+    return NUM2DBL(v);
 }
 
-static VALUE
-bigsqr(VALUE x)
+VALUE
+rb_big_fdiv(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    return bigtrunc(bigmul0(x, x));
+    return DBL2NUM(rb_big_fdiv_double(x, y));
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big ** exponent   -> numeric
- *
- *  Raises _big_ to the _exponent_ power (which may be an integer, float,
- *  or anything that will coerce to a number). The result may be
- *  a Fixnum, Bignum, or Float
- *
- *    123456789 ** 2      #=> 15241578750190521
- *    123456789 ** 1.2    #=> 5126464716.09932
- *    123456789 ** -2     #=> 6.5610001194102e-17
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_pow(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     double d;
     SIGNED_VALUE yy;
 
+  again:
     if (y == INT2FIX(0)) return INT2FIX(1);
-    switch (TYPE(y)) {
-      case T_FLOAT:
+    if (y == INT2FIX(1)) return x;
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
 	d = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
-	if ((!RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) && !BIGZEROP(x)) && d != round(d))
-	    return rb_funcall(rb_complex_raw1(x), rb_intern("**"), 1, y);
-	break;
-
-      case T_BIGNUM:
+	if ((BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(x) && !BIGZEROP(x))) {
+            return rb_dbl_complex_new_polar_pi(pow(-rb_big2dbl(x), d), d);
+	}
+    }
+    else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
+	y = bignorm(y);
+	if (FIXNUM_P(y))
+	    goto again;
 	rb_warn("in a**b, b may be too big");
 	d = rb_big2dbl(y);
-	break;
-
-      case T_FIXNUM:
+    }
+    else if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
 	yy = FIX2LONG(y);
 
-	if (yy < 0)
-	    return rb_funcall(rb_rational_raw1(x), rb_intern("**"), 1, y);
+        if (yy < 0) {
+            x = rb_big_pow(x, LONG2NUM(-yy));
+            if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x))
+                return rb_rational_raw(INT2FIX(1), x);
+            else
+                return DBL2NUM(1.0 / NUM2DBL(x));
+        }
 	else {
 	    VALUE z = 0;
 	    SIGNED_VALUE mask;
-	    const long xlen = RBIGNUM_LEN(x) - 1;
-	    const long xbits = ffs(RBIGNUM_DIGITS(x)[xlen]) + SIZEOF_BDIGITS*BITSPERDIG*xlen;
-	    const long BIGLEN_LIMIT = BITSPERDIG*1024*1024;
+            const size_t xbits = rb_absint_numwords(x, 1, NULL);
+	    const size_t BIGLEN_LIMIT = 32*1024*1024;
 
-	    if ((xbits > BIGLEN_LIMIT) || (xbits * yy > BIGLEN_LIMIT)) {
+	    if (xbits == (size_t)-1 ||
+                (xbits > BIGLEN_LIMIT) ||
+                (xbits * yy > BIGLEN_LIMIT)) {
 		rb_warn("in a**b, b may be too big");
 		d = (double)yy;
-		break;
 	    }
-	    for (mask = FIXNUM_MAX + 1; mask; mask >>= 1) {
-		if (z) z = bigsqr(z);
-		if (yy & mask) {
-		    z = z ? bigtrunc(bigmul0(z, x)) : x;
+	    else {
+		for (mask = FIXNUM_MAX + 1; mask; mask >>= 1) {
+		    if (z) z = bigsq(z);
+		    if (yy & mask) {
+			z = z ? bigtrunc(bigmul0(z, x)) : x;
+		    }
 		}
+		return bignorm(z);
 	    }
-	    return bignorm(z);
 	}
-	/* NOTREACHED */
-	break;
-
-      default:
-	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, rb_intern("**"));
     }
-    return DBL2NUM(pow(rb_big2dbl(x), d));
-}
-
-static inline VALUE
-bit_coerce(VALUE x)
-{
-    while (!FIXNUM_P(x) && TYPE(x) != T_BIGNUM) {
-	if (TYPE(x) == T_FLOAT) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't convert Float into Integer");
-	}
-	x = rb_to_int(x);
+    else {
+	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, idPow);
     }
-    return x;
+    return DBL2NUM(pow(rb_big2dbl(x), d));
 }
 
 static VALUE
-bigand_int(VALUE x, long y)
+bigand_int(VALUE x, long xn, BDIGIT hibitsx, long y)
 {
     VALUE z;
     BDIGIT *xds, *zds;
-    long xn, zn;
+    long zn;
     long i;
-    char sign;
+    BDIGIT hibitsy;
 
     if (y == 0) return INT2FIX(0);
-    sign = (y > 0);
+    if (xn == 0) return hibitsx ? LONG2NUM(y) : 0;
+    hibitsy = 0 <= y ? 0 : BDIGMAX;
     xds = BDIGITS(x);
-    zn = xn = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-#if SIZEOF_BDIGITS == SIZEOF_LONG
-    if (sign) {
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT >= SIZEOF_LONG
+    if (!hibitsy) {
 	y &= xds[0];
 	return LONG2NUM(y);
     }
 #endif
 
-    z = bignew(zn, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) || sign);
+    zn = xn;
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT < SIZEOF_LONG
+    if (hibitsx && zn < bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_LONG))
+        zn = bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_LONG);
+#endif
+
+    z = bignew(zn, 0);
     zds = BDIGITS(z);
 
-#if SIZEOF_BDIGITS == SIZEOF_LONG
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT >= SIZEOF_LONG
     i = 1;
-    zds[0] = xds[0] & y;
+    zds[0] = xds[0] & BIGLO(y);
 #else
-    {
-	BDIGIT_DBL num = y;
-
-	for (i=0; i<(int)(sizeof(y)/sizeof(BDIGIT)); i++) {
-	    zds[i] = xds[i] & BIGLO(num);
-	    num = BIGDN(num);
-	}
+    for (i=0; i < xn; i++) {
+        if (y == 0 || y == -1) break;
+        zds[i] = xds[i] & BIGLO(y);
+        y = BIGDN(y);
+    }
+    for (; i < zn; i++) {
+        if (y == 0 || y == -1) break;
+        zds[i] = hibitsx & BIGLO(y);
+        y = BIGDN(y);
     }
 #endif
-    while (i < xn) {
-	zds[i] = sign?0:xds[i];
-	i++;
+    for (;i < xn; i++) {
+	zds[i] = xds[i] & hibitsy;
+    }
+    for (;i < zn; i++) {
+	zds[i] = hibitsx & hibitsy;
     }
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(z)) get2comp(z);
+    twocomp2abs_bang(z, hibitsx && hibitsy);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
     return bignorm(z);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *     big & numeric   ->  integer
- *
- * Performs bitwise +and+ between _big_ and _numeric_.
- */
-
 VALUE
-rb_big_and(VALUE xx, VALUE yy)
+rb_big_and(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    volatile VALUE x, y, z;
+    VALUE z;
     BDIGIT *ds1, *ds2, *zds;
-    long i, l1, l2;
-    char sign;
+    long i, xn, yn, n1, n2;
+    BDIGIT hibitsx, hibitsy;
+    BDIGIT hibits1, hibits2;
+    VALUE tmpv;
+    BDIGIT tmph;
+    long tmpn;
 
-    x = xx;
-    y = bit_coerce(yy);
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) {
-	x = rb_big_clone(x);
-	get2comp(x);
+    if (!RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(y)) {
+	return rb_num_coerce_bit(x, y, '&');
     }
+
+    hibitsx = abs2twocomp(&x, &xn);
     if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
-	return bigand_int(x, FIX2LONG(y));
-    }
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(y)) {
-	y = rb_big_clone(y);
-	get2comp(y);
+	return bigand_int(x, xn, hibitsx, FIX2LONG(y));
     }
-    if (RBIGNUM_LEN(x) > RBIGNUM_LEN(y)) {
-	l1 = RBIGNUM_LEN(y);
-	l2 = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-	ds1 = BDIGITS(y);
-	ds2 = BDIGITS(x);
-	sign = RBIGNUM_SIGN(y);
-    }
-    else {
-	l1 = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-	l2 = RBIGNUM_LEN(y);
-	ds1 = BDIGITS(x);
-	ds2 = BDIGITS(y);
-	sign = RBIGNUM_SIGN(x);
+    hibitsy = abs2twocomp(&y, &yn);
+    if (xn > yn) {
+        tmpv = x; x = y; y = tmpv;
+        tmpn = xn; xn = yn; yn = tmpn;
+        tmph = hibitsx; hibitsx = hibitsy; hibitsy = tmph;
     }
-    z = bignew(l2, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) || RBIGNUM_SIGN(y));
+    n1 = xn;
+    n2 = yn;
+    ds1 = BDIGITS(x);
+    ds2 = BDIGITS(y);
+    hibits1 = hibitsx;
+    hibits2 = hibitsy;
+
+    if (!hibits1)
+        n2 = n1;
+
+    z = bignew(n2, 0);
     zds = BDIGITS(z);
 
-    for (i=0; i<l1; i++) {
+    for (i=0; i<n1; i++) {
 	zds[i] = ds1[i] & ds2[i];
     }
-    for (; i<l2; i++) {
-	zds[i] = sign?0:ds2[i];
+    for (; i<n2; i++) {
+	zds[i] = hibits1 & ds2[i];
     }
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(z)) get2comp(z);
+    twocomp2abs_bang(z, hibits1 && hibits2);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(y);
     return bignorm(z);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-bigor_int(VALUE x, long y)
+bigor_int(VALUE x, long xn, BDIGIT hibitsx, long y)
 {
     VALUE z;
     BDIGIT *xds, *zds;
-    long xn, zn;
+    long zn;
     long i;
-    char sign;
+    BDIGIT hibitsy;
 
-    sign = (y >= 0);
+    if (y == -1) return INT2FIX(-1);
+    if (xn == 0) return hibitsx ? INT2FIX(-1) : LONG2FIX(y);
+    hibitsy = 0 <= y ? 0 : BDIGMAX;
     xds = BDIGITS(x);
-    zn = xn = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-    z = bignew(zn, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) && sign);
+
+    zn = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT < SIZEOF_LONG
+    if (zn < bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_LONG))
+        zn = bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_LONG);
+#endif
+    z = bignew(zn, 0);
     zds = BDIGITS(z);
 
-#if SIZEOF_BDIGITS == SIZEOF_LONG
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT >= SIZEOF_LONG
     i = 1;
-    zds[0] = xds[0] | y;
+    zds[0] = xds[0] | BIGLO(y);
+    if (i < zn)
+        goto y_is_fixed_point;
+    goto finish;
 #else
-    {
-	BDIGIT_DBL num = y;
+    for (i=0; i < xn; i++) {
+        if (y == 0 || y == -1) goto y_is_fixed_point;
+        zds[i] = xds[i] | BIGLO(y);
+        y = BIGDN(y);
+    }
+    if (hibitsx)
+        goto fill_hibits;
+    for (; i < zn; i++) {
+        if (y == 0 || y == -1) goto y_is_fixed_point;
+        zds[i] = BIGLO(y);
+        y = BIGDN(y);
+    }
+  goto finish;
+#endif
 
-	for (i=0; i<(int)(sizeof(y)/sizeof(BDIGIT)); i++) {
-	    zds[i] = xds[i] | BIGLO(num);
-	    num = BIGDN(num);
-	}
+  y_is_fixed_point:
+    if (hibitsy)
+        goto fill_hibits;
+    for (; i < xn; i++) {
+        zds[i] = xds[i];
     }
-#endif
-    while (i < xn) {
-	zds[i] = sign?xds[i]:(BDIGIT)(BIGRAD-1);
-	i++;
+    if (hibitsx)
+        goto fill_hibits;
+    for (; i < zn; i++) {
+        zds[i] = 0;
+    }
+  goto finish;
+
+  fill_hibits:
+    for (; i < zn; i++) {
+        zds[i] = BDIGMAX;
     }
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(z)) get2comp(z);
+
+  finish:
+    twocomp2abs_bang(z, hibitsx || hibitsy);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
     return bignorm(z);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *     big | numeric   ->  integer
- *
- * Performs bitwise +or+ between _big_ and _numeric_.
- */
-
 VALUE
-rb_big_or(VALUE xx, VALUE yy)
+rb_big_or(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    volatile VALUE x, y, z;
+    VALUE z;
     BDIGIT *ds1, *ds2, *zds;
-    long i, l1, l2;
-    char sign;
+    long i, xn, yn, n1, n2;
+    BDIGIT hibitsx, hibitsy;
+    BDIGIT hibits1, hibits2;
+    VALUE tmpv;
+    BDIGIT tmph;
+    long tmpn;
 
-    x = xx;
-    y = bit_coerce(yy);
-
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) {
-	x = rb_big_clone(x);
-	get2comp(x);
+    if (!RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(y)) {
+	return rb_num_coerce_bit(x, y, '|');
     }
+
+    hibitsx = abs2twocomp(&x, &xn);
     if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
-	return bigor_int(x, FIX2LONG(y));
+	return bigor_int(x, xn, hibitsx, FIX2LONG(y));
     }
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(y)) {
-	y = rb_big_clone(y);
-	get2comp(y);
-    }
-    if (RBIGNUM_LEN(x) > RBIGNUM_LEN(y)) {
-	l1 = RBIGNUM_LEN(y);
-	l2 = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-	ds1 = BDIGITS(y);
-	ds2 = BDIGITS(x);
-	sign = RBIGNUM_SIGN(y);
-    }
-    else {
-	l1 = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-	l2 = RBIGNUM_LEN(y);
-	ds1 = BDIGITS(x);
-	ds2 = BDIGITS(y);
-	sign = RBIGNUM_SIGN(x);
+    hibitsy = abs2twocomp(&y, &yn);
+    if (xn > yn) {
+        tmpv = x; x = y; y = tmpv;
+        tmpn = xn; xn = yn; yn = tmpn;
+        tmph = hibitsx; hibitsx = hibitsy; hibitsy = tmph;
     }
-    z = bignew(l2, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) && RBIGNUM_SIGN(y));
+    n1 = xn;
+    n2 = yn;
+    ds1 = BDIGITS(x);
+    ds2 = BDIGITS(y);
+    hibits1 = hibitsx;
+    hibits2 = hibitsy;
+
+    if (hibits1)
+        n2 = n1;
+
+    z = bignew(n2, 0);
     zds = BDIGITS(z);
 
-    for (i=0; i<l1; i++) {
+    for (i=0; i<n1; i++) {
 	zds[i] = ds1[i] | ds2[i];
     }
-    for (; i<l2; i++) {
-	zds[i] = sign?ds2[i]:(BDIGIT)(BIGRAD-1);
+    for (; i<n2; i++) {
+	zds[i] = hibits1 | ds2[i];
     }
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(z)) get2comp(z);
+    twocomp2abs_bang(z, hibits1 || hibits2);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(y);
     return bignorm(z);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-bigxor_int(VALUE x, long y)
+bigxor_int(VALUE x, long xn, BDIGIT hibitsx, long y)
 {
     VALUE z;
     BDIGIT *xds, *zds;
-    long xn, zn;
+    long zn;
     long i;
-    char sign;
+    BDIGIT hibitsy;
 
-    sign = (y >= 0) ? 1 : 0;
+    hibitsy = 0 <= y ? 0 : BDIGMAX;
     xds = BDIGITS(x);
-    zn = xn = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-    z = bignew(zn, !(RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) ^ sign));
+    zn = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT < SIZEOF_LONG
+    if (zn < bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_LONG))
+        zn = bdigit_roomof(SIZEOF_LONG);
+#endif
+    z = bignew(zn, 0);
     zds = BDIGITS(z);
 
-#if SIZEOF_BDIGITS == SIZEOF_LONG
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT >= SIZEOF_LONG
     i = 1;
-    zds[0] = xds[0] ^ y;
+    zds[0] = xds[0] ^ BIGLO(y);
 #else
-    {
-	BDIGIT_DBL num = y;
-
-	for (i=0; i<(int)(sizeof(y)/sizeof(BDIGIT)); i++) {
-	    zds[i] = xds[i] ^ BIGLO(num);
-	    num = BIGDN(num);
-	}
+    for (i = 0; i < xn; i++) {
+        zds[i] = xds[i] ^ BIGLO(y);
+        y = BIGDN(y);
+    }
+    for (; i < zn; i++) {
+        zds[i] = hibitsx ^ BIGLO(y);
+        y = BIGDN(y);
     }
 #endif
-    while (i < xn) {
-	zds[i] = sign?xds[i]:~xds[i];
-	i++;
+    for (; i < xn; i++) {
+        zds[i] = xds[i] ^ hibitsy;
+    }
+    for (; i < zn; i++) {
+        zds[i] = hibitsx ^ hibitsy;
     }
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(z)) get2comp(z);
+    twocomp2abs_bang(z, (hibitsx ^ hibitsy) != 0);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
     return bignorm(z);
 }
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *     big ^ numeric   ->  integer
- *
- * Performs bitwise +exclusive or+ between _big_ and _numeric_.
- */
 
 VALUE
-rb_big_xor(VALUE xx, VALUE yy)
+rb_big_xor(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    volatile VALUE x, y;
     VALUE z;
     BDIGIT *ds1, *ds2, *zds;
-    long i, l1, l2;
-    char sign;
-
-    x = xx;
-    y = bit_coerce(yy);
+    long i, xn, yn, n1, n2;
+    BDIGIT hibitsx, hibitsy;
+    BDIGIT hibits1, hibits2;
+    VALUE tmpv;
+    BDIGIT tmph;
+    long tmpn;
 
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) {
-	x = rb_big_clone(x);
-	get2comp(x);
+    if (!RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(y)) {
+	return rb_num_coerce_bit(x, y, '^');
     }
+
+    hibitsx = abs2twocomp(&x, &xn);
     if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
-	return bigxor_int(x, FIX2LONG(y));
-    }
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(y)) {
-	y = rb_big_clone(y);
-	get2comp(y);
+	return bigxor_int(x, xn, hibitsx, FIX2LONG(y));
     }
-    if (RBIGNUM_LEN(x) > RBIGNUM_LEN(y)) {
-	l1 = RBIGNUM_LEN(y);
-	l2 = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-	ds1 = BDIGITS(y);
-	ds2 = BDIGITS(x);
-	sign = RBIGNUM_SIGN(y);
-    }
-    else {
-	l1 = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-	l2 = RBIGNUM_LEN(y);
-	ds1 = BDIGITS(x);
-	ds2 = BDIGITS(y);
-	sign = RBIGNUM_SIGN(x);
-    }
-    RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(x, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)?1:0);
-    RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(y, RBIGNUM_SIGN(y)?1:0);
-    z = bignew(l2, !(RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) ^ RBIGNUM_SIGN(y)));
+    hibitsy = abs2twocomp(&y, &yn);
+    if (xn > yn) {
+        tmpv = x; x = y; y = tmpv;
+        tmpn = xn; xn = yn; yn = tmpn;
+        tmph = hibitsx; hibitsx = hibitsy; hibitsy = tmph;
+    }
+    n1 = xn;
+    n2 = yn;
+    ds1 = BDIGITS(x);
+    ds2 = BDIGITS(y);
+    hibits1 = hibitsx;
+    hibits2 = hibitsy;
+
+    z = bignew(n2, 0);
     zds = BDIGITS(z);
 
-    for (i=0; i<l1; i++) {
+    for (i=0; i<n1; i++) {
 	zds[i] = ds1[i] ^ ds2[i];
     }
-    for (; i<l2; i++) {
-	zds[i] = sign?ds2[i]:~ds2[i];
+    for (; i<n2; i++) {
+	zds[i] = hibitsx ^ ds2[i];
     }
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(z)) get2comp(z);
-
+    twocomp2abs_bang(z, (hibits1 ^ hibits2) != 0);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(y);
     return bignorm(z);
 }
 
-static VALUE
-check_shiftdown(VALUE y, VALUE x)
-{
-    if (!RBIGNUM_LEN(x)) return INT2FIX(0);
-    if (RBIGNUM_LEN(y) > SIZEOF_LONG / SIZEOF_BDIGITS) {
-	return RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) ? INT2FIX(0) : INT2FIX(-1);
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *     big << numeric   ->  integer
- *
- * Shifts big left _numeric_ positions (right if _numeric_ is negative).
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_lshift(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    long shift;
-    int neg = 0;
+    int lshift_p;
+    size_t shift_numdigits;
+    int shift_numbits;
 
     for (;;) {
 	if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
-	    shift = FIX2LONG(y);
-	    if (shift < 0) {
-		neg = 1;
-		shift = -shift;
+	    long l = FIX2LONG(y);
+            unsigned long shift;
+	    if (0 <= l) {
+		lshift_p = 1;
+                shift = l;
+            }
+            else {
+		lshift_p = 0;
+		shift = 1+(unsigned long)(-(l+1));
 	    }
-	    break;
+            shift_numbits = (int)(shift & (BITSPERDIG-1));
+            shift_numdigits = shift >> bit_length(BITSPERDIG-1);
+            return bignorm(big_shift3(x, lshift_p, shift_numdigits, shift_numbits));
 	}
-	else if (TYPE(y) == T_BIGNUM) {
-	    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(y)) {
-		VALUE t = check_shiftdown(y, x);
-		if (!NIL_P(t)) return t;
-		neg = 1;
-	    }
-	    shift = big2ulong(y, "long", TRUE);
-	    break;
+	else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
+            return bignorm(big_shift2(x, 1, y));
 	}
 	y = rb_to_int(y);
     }
-
-    x = neg ? big_rshift(x, shift) : big_lshift(x, shift);
-    return bignorm(x);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-big_lshift(VALUE x, unsigned long shift)
-{
-    BDIGIT *xds, *zds;
-    long s1 = shift/BITSPERDIG;
-    int s2 = (int)(shift%BITSPERDIG);
-    VALUE z;
-    BDIGIT_DBL num = 0;
-    long len, i;
-
-    len = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
-    z = bignew(len+s1+1, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x));
-    zds = BDIGITS(z);
-    for (i=0; i<s1; i++) {
-	*zds++ = 0;
-    }
-    xds = BDIGITS(x);
-    for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
-	num = num | (BDIGIT_DBL)*xds++<<s2;
-	*zds++ = BIGLO(num);
-	num = BIGDN(num);
-    }
-    *zds = BIGLO(num);
-    return z;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *     big >> numeric   ->  integer
- *
- * Shifts big right _numeric_ positions (left if _numeric_ is negative).
- */
-
 VALUE
 rb_big_rshift(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    long shift;
-    int neg = 0;
+    int lshift_p;
+    size_t shift_numdigits;
+    int shift_numbits;
 
     for (;;) {
 	if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
-	    shift = FIX2LONG(y);
-	    if (shift < 0) {
-		neg = 1;
-		shift = -shift;
+	    long l = FIX2LONG(y);
+            unsigned long shift;
+            if (0 <= l) {
+                lshift_p = 0;
+                shift = l;
+            }
+            else {
+                lshift_p = 1;
+		shift = 1+(unsigned long)(-(l+1));
 	    }
-	    break;
+            shift_numbits = (int)(shift & (BITSPERDIG-1));
+            shift_numdigits = shift >> bit_length(BITSPERDIG-1);
+            return bignorm(big_shift3(x, lshift_p, shift_numdigits, shift_numbits));
 	}
-	else if (TYPE(y) == T_BIGNUM) {
-	    if (RBIGNUM_SIGN(y)) {
-		VALUE t = check_shiftdown(y, x);
-		if (!NIL_P(t)) return t;
-	    }
-	    else {
-		neg = 1;
-	    }
-	    shift = big2ulong(y, "long", TRUE);
-	    break;
+	else if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
+            return bignorm(big_shift2(x, 0, y));
 	}
 	y = rb_to_int(y);
     }
-
-    x = neg ? big_lshift(x, shift) : big_rshift(x, shift);
-    return bignorm(x);
 }
 
-static VALUE
-big_rshift(VALUE x, unsigned long shift)
+VALUE
+rb_big_aref(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    BDIGIT *xds, *zds;
-    long s1 = shift/BITSPERDIG;
-    int s2 = (int)(shift%BITSPERDIG);
-    VALUE z;
-    BDIGIT_DBL num = 0;
-    long i, j;
-    volatile VALUE save_x;
+    BDIGIT *xds;
+    size_t shift;
+    size_t i, s1, s2;
+    long l;
+    BDIGIT bit;
 
-    if (s1 > RBIGNUM_LEN(x)) {
-	if (RBIGNUM_SIGN(x))
+    if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(y)) {
+	if (BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(y))
 	    return INT2FIX(0);
-	else
-	    return INT2FIX(-1);
+	bigtrunc(y);
+	if (BIGSIZE(y) > sizeof(size_t)) {
+	    return BIGNUM_SIGN(x) ? INT2FIX(0) : INT2FIX(1);
+	}
+#if SIZEOF_SIZE_T <= SIZEOF_LONG
+	shift = big2ulong(y, "long");
+#else
+	shift = big2ull(y, "long long");
+#endif
     }
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) {
-	save_x = x = rb_big_clone(x);
-	get2comp(x);
+    else {
+	l = NUM2LONG(y);
+	if (l < 0) return INT2FIX(0);
+	shift = (size_t)l;
     }
+    s1 = shift/BITSPERDIG;
+    s2 = shift%BITSPERDIG;
+    bit = (BDIGIT)1 << s2;
+
+    if (s1 >= BIGNUM_LEN(x))
+        return BIGNUM_SIGN(x) ? INT2FIX(0) : INT2FIX(1);
+
     xds = BDIGITS(x);
-    i = RBIGNUM_LEN(x); j = i - s1;
-    if (j == 0) {
-	if (RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) return INT2FIX(0);
-	else return INT2FIX(-1);
-    }
-    z = bignew(j, RBIGNUM_SIGN(x));
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) {
-	num = ((BDIGIT_DBL)~0) << BITSPERDIG;
-    }
-    zds = BDIGITS(z);
-    while (i--, j--) {
-	num = (num | xds[i]) >> s2;
-	zds[j] = BIGLO(num);
-	num = BIGUP(xds[i]);
-    }
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) {
-	get2comp(z);
-    }
-    return z;
+    if (BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(x))
+        return (xds[s1] & bit) ? INT2FIX(1) : INT2FIX(0);
+    if (xds[s1] & (bit-1))
+        return (xds[s1] & bit) ? INT2FIX(0) : INT2FIX(1);
+    for (i = 0; i < s1; i++)
+        if (xds[i])
+            return (xds[s1] & bit) ? INT2FIX(0) : INT2FIX(1);
+    return (xds[s1] & bit) ? INT2FIX(1) : INT2FIX(0);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_big_hash(VALUE x)
+{
+    st_index_t hash;
+
+    hash = rb_memhash(BDIGITS(x), sizeof(BDIGIT)*BIGNUM_LEN(x)) ^ BIGNUM_SIGN(x);
+    return ST2FIX(hash);
 }
 
 /*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big[n] -> 0, 1
- *
- *  Bit Reference---Returns the <em>n</em>th bit in the (assumed) binary
- *  representation of <i>big</i>, where <i>big</i>[0] is the least
- *  significant bit.
+ * call-seq:
+ *   big.coerce(numeric)  ->  array
  *
- *     a = 9**15
- *     50.downto(0) do |n|
- *       print a[n]
- *     end
+ * Returns an array with both a +numeric+ and a +big+ represented as Bignum
+ * objects.
  *
- *  <em>produces:</em>
+ * This is achieved by converting +numeric+ to a Bignum.
  *
- *     000101110110100000111000011110010100111100010111001
+ * A TypeError is raised if the +numeric+ is not a Fixnum or Bignum type.
  *
+ *     (0x3FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF+1).coerce(42)   #=> [42, 4611686018427387904]
  */
 
 static VALUE
-rb_big_aref(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+rb_int_coerce(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    BDIGIT *xds;
-    BDIGIT_DBL num;
-    VALUE shift;
-    long i, s1, s2;
-
-    if (TYPE(y) == T_BIGNUM) {
-	if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(y))
-	    return INT2FIX(0);
-	bigtrunc(y);
-	if (RBIGNUM_LEN(y) > DIGSPERLONG) {
-	  out_of_range:
-	    return RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) ? INT2FIX(0) : INT2FIX(1);
-	}
-	shift = big2ulong(y, "long", FALSE);
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(y)) {
+        return rb_assoc_new(y, x);
     }
     else {
-	i = NUM2LONG(y);
-	if (i < 0) return INT2FIX(0);
-	shift = (VALUE)i;
+        x = rb_Float(x);
+        y = rb_Float(y);
+        return rb_assoc_new(y, x);
     }
-    s1 = shift/BITSPERDIG;
-    s2 = shift%BITSPERDIG;
+}
 
-    if (s1 >= RBIGNUM_LEN(x)) goto out_of_range;
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) {
-	xds = BDIGITS(x);
-	i = 0; num = 1;
-	while (num += ~xds[i], ++i <= s1) {
-	    num = BIGDN(num);
-	}
-    }
-    else {
-	num = BDIGITS(x)[s1];
+VALUE
+rb_big_abs(VALUE x)
+{
+    if (BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(x)) {
+	x = rb_big_clone(x);
+	BIGNUM_SET_POSITIVE_SIGN(x);
     }
-    if (num & ((BDIGIT_DBL)1<<s2))
-	return INT2FIX(1);
-    return INT2FIX(0);
+    return x;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   big.hash   -> fixnum
- *
- * Compute a hash based on the value of _big_.
- */
+int
+rb_big_sign(VALUE x)
+{
+    return BIGNUM_SIGN(x);
+}
 
-static VALUE
-rb_big_hash(VALUE x)
+size_t
+rb_big_size(VALUE big)
 {
-    st_index_t hash;
+    return BIGSIZE(big);
+}
 
-    hash = rb_memhash(BDIGITS(x), sizeof(BDIGIT)*RBIGNUM_LEN(x)) ^ RBIGNUM_SIGN(x);
-    return INT2FIX(hash);
+VALUE
+rb_big_size_m(VALUE big)
+{
+    return SIZET2NUM(rb_big_size(big));
 }
 
-/*
- * MISSING: documentation
- */
+VALUE
+rb_big_bit_length(VALUE big)
+{
+    int nlz_bits;
+    size_t numbytes;
 
-static VALUE
-rb_big_coerce(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+    static const BDIGIT char_bit[1] = { CHAR_BIT };
+    BDIGIT numbytes_bary[bdigit_roomof(sizeof(size_t))];
+    BDIGIT nlz_bary[1];
+    BDIGIT result_bary[bdigit_roomof(sizeof(size_t)+1)];
+
+    numbytes = rb_absint_size(big, &nlz_bits);
+
+    if (numbytes == 0)
+        return LONG2FIX(0);
+
+    if (BIGNUM_NEGATIVE_P(big) && rb_absint_singlebit_p(big)) {
+        if (nlz_bits != CHAR_BIT-1) {
+            nlz_bits++;
+        }
+        else {
+            nlz_bits = 0;
+            numbytes--;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (numbytes <= SIZE_MAX / CHAR_BIT) {
+        return SIZET2NUM(numbytes * CHAR_BIT - nlz_bits);
+    }
+
+    nlz_bary[0] = nlz_bits;
+
+    bary_unpack(BARY_ARGS(numbytes_bary), &numbytes, 1, sizeof(numbytes), 0,
+            INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER);
+    BARY_SHORT_MUL(result_bary, numbytes_bary, char_bit);
+    BARY_SUB(result_bary, result_bary, nlz_bary);
+
+    return rb_integer_unpack(result_bary, numberof(result_bary), sizeof(BDIGIT), 0,
+            INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST|INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_big_odd_p(VALUE num)
 {
-    if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
-	return rb_assoc_new(rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(y)), x);
+    if (BIGNUM_LEN(num) != 0 && BDIGITS(num)[0] & 1) {
+	return Qtrue;
+    }
+    return Qfalse;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_big_even_p(VALUE num)
+{
+    if (BIGNUM_LEN(num) != 0 && BDIGITS(num)[0] & 1) {
+	return Qfalse;
+    }
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
+unsigned long rb_ulong_isqrt(unsigned long);
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT*2 > SIZEOF_LONG
+BDIGIT rb_bdigit_dbl_isqrt(BDIGIT_DBL);
+# ifdef ULL_TO_DOUBLE
+#   define BDIGIT_DBL_TO_DOUBLE(n) ULL_TO_DOUBLE(n)
+# endif
+#else
+# define rb_bdigit_dbl_isqrt(x) (BDIGIT)rb_ulong_isqrt(x)
+#endif
+#ifndef BDIGIT_DBL_TO_DOUBLE
+# define BDIGIT_DBL_TO_DOUBLE(n) (double)(n)
+#endif
+
+static BDIGIT *
+estimate_initial_sqrt(VALUE *xp, const size_t xn, const BDIGIT *nds, size_t len)
+{
+    enum {dbl_per_bdig = roomof(DBL_MANT_DIG,BITSPERDIG)};
+    const int zbits = nlz(nds[len-1]);
+    VALUE x = *xp = bignew_1(0, xn, 1); /* division may release the GVL */
+    BDIGIT *xds = BDIGITS(x);
+    BDIGIT_DBL d = bary2bdigitdbl(nds+len-dbl_per_bdig, dbl_per_bdig);
+    BDIGIT lowbits = 1;
+    int rshift = (int)((BITSPERDIG*2-zbits+(len&BITSPERDIG&1) - DBL_MANT_DIG + 1) & ~1);
+    double f;
+
+    if (rshift > 0) {
+	lowbits = (BDIGIT)d & ~(~(BDIGIT)1U << rshift);
+	d >>= rshift;
+    }
+    else if (rshift < 0) {
+	d <<= -rshift;
+	d |= nds[len-dbl_per_bdig-1] >> (BITSPERDIG+rshift);
     }
-    else if (TYPE(y) == T_BIGNUM) {
-       return rb_assoc_new(y, x);
+    f = sqrt(BDIGIT_DBL_TO_DOUBLE(d));
+    d = (BDIGIT_DBL)ceil(f);
+    if (BDIGIT_DBL_TO_DOUBLE(d) == f) {
+	if (lowbits || (lowbits = !bary_zero_p(nds, len-dbl_per_bdig)))
+	    ++d;
     }
     else {
-	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't coerce %s to Bignum",
-		 rb_obj_classname(y));
+	lowbits = 1;
+    }
+    rshift /= 2;
+    rshift += (2-(len&1))*BITSPERDIG/2;
+    if (rshift >= 0) {
+        if (nlz((BDIGIT)d) + rshift >= BITSPERDIG) {
+            /* (d << rshift) does cause overflow.
+             * example: Integer.sqrt(0xffff_ffff_ffff_ffff ** 2)
+             */
+            d = ~(BDIGIT_DBL)0;
+        }
+        else {
+            d <<= rshift;
+        }
     }
-    /* not reached */
-    return Qnil;
-}
+    BDIGITS_ZERO(xds, xn-2);
+    bdigitdbl2bary(&xds[xn-2], 2, d);
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.abs -> aBignum
- *
- *  Returns the absolute value of <i>big</i>.
- *
- *     -1234567890987654321.abs   #=> 1234567890987654321
- */
+    if (!lowbits) return NULL; /* special case, exact result */
+    return xds;
+}
 
-static VALUE
-rb_big_abs(VALUE x)
+VALUE
+rb_big_isqrt(VALUE n)
 {
-    if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) {
-	x = rb_big_clone(x);
-	RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(x, 1);
+    BDIGIT *nds = BDIGITS(n);
+    size_t len = BIGNUM_LEN(n);
+    size_t xn = (len+1) / 2;
+    VALUE x;
+    BDIGIT *xds;
+
+    if (len <= 2) {
+	BDIGIT sq = rb_bdigit_dbl_isqrt(bary2bdigitdbl(nds, len));
+#if SIZEOF_BDIGIT > SIZEOF_LONG
+	return ULL2NUM(sq);
+#else
+	return ULONG2NUM(sq);
+#endif
     }
+    else if ((xds = estimate_initial_sqrt(&x, xn, nds, len)) != 0) {
+	size_t tn = xn + BIGDIVREM_EXTRA_WORDS;
+	VALUE t = bignew_1(0, tn, 1);
+	BDIGIT *tds = BDIGITS(t);
+	tn = BIGNUM_LEN(t);
+
+	/* t = n/x */
+	while (bary_divmod_branch(tds, tn, NULL, 0, nds, len, xds, xn),
+	       bary_cmp(tds, tn, xds, xn) < 0) {
+	    int carry;
+	    BARY_TRUNC(tds, tn);
+	    /* x = (x+t)/2 */
+	    carry = bary_add(xds, xn, xds, xn, tds, tn);
+	    bary_small_rshift(xds, xds, xn, 1, carry);
+	    tn = BIGNUM_LEN(t);
+	}
+	rb_big_realloc(t, 0);
+	rb_gc_force_recycle(t);
+    }
+    RBASIC_SET_CLASS_RAW(x, rb_cInteger);
     return x;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.size -> integer
- *
- *  Returns the number of bytes in the machine representation of
- *  <i>big</i>.
- *
- *     (256**10 - 1).size   #=> 12
- *     (256**20 - 1).size   #=> 20
- *     (256**40 - 1).size   #=> 40
- */
+#ifdef USE_GMP
+static void
+bary_powm_gmp(BDIGIT *zds, size_t zn, const BDIGIT *xds, size_t xn, const BDIGIT *yds, size_t yn, const BDIGIT *mds, size_t mn)
+{
+    mpz_t z, x, y, m;
+    size_t count;
+    mpz_init(x);
+    mpz_init(y);
+    mpz_init(m);
+    mpz_init(z);
+    bdigits_to_mpz(x, xds, xn);
+    bdigits_to_mpz(y, yds, yn);
+    bdigits_to_mpz(m, mds, mn);
+    mpz_powm(z, x, y, m);
+    bdigits_from_mpz(z, zds, &count);
+    BDIGITS_ZERO(zds+count, zn-count);
+    mpz_clear(x);
+    mpz_clear(y);
+    mpz_clear(m);
+    mpz_clear(z);
+}
+#endif
 
 static VALUE
-rb_big_size(VALUE big)
+int_pow_tmp3(VALUE x, VALUE y, VALUE m, int nega_flg)
 {
-    return LONG2FIX(RBIGNUM_LEN(big)*SIZEOF_BDIGITS);
+#ifdef USE_GMP
+    VALUE z;
+    size_t xn, yn, mn, zn;
+
+    if (FIXNUM_P(x)) {
+       x = rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(x));
+    }
+    if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
+       y = rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(y));
+    }
+    assert(RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(m));
+    xn = BIGNUM_LEN(x);
+    yn = BIGNUM_LEN(y);
+    mn = BIGNUM_LEN(m);
+    zn = mn;
+    z = bignew(zn, 1);
+    bary_powm_gmp(BDIGITS(z), zn, BDIGITS(x), xn, BDIGITS(y), yn, BDIGITS(m), mn);
+    if (nega_flg & BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(z)) {
+        z = rb_big_minus(z, m);
+    }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(y);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(m);
+    return rb_big_norm(z);
+#else
+    VALUE tmp = LONG2FIX(1L);
+    long yy;
+
+    for (/*NOP*/; ! FIXNUM_P(y); y = rb_big_rshift(y, LONG2FIX(1L))) {
+        if (RTEST(rb_int_odd_p(y))) {
+            tmp = rb_int_mul(tmp, x);
+            tmp = rb_int_modulo(tmp, m);
+        }
+        x = rb_int_mul(x, x);
+        x = rb_int_modulo(x, m);
+    }
+    for (yy = FIX2LONG(y); yy; yy >>= 1L) {
+        if (yy & 1L) {
+            tmp = rb_int_mul(tmp, x);
+            tmp = rb_int_modulo(tmp, m);
+        }
+        x = rb_int_mul(x, x);
+        x = rb_int_modulo(x, m);
+    }
+
+    if (nega_flg && rb_int_positive_p(tmp)) {
+        tmp = rb_int_minus(tmp, m);
+    }
+    return tmp;
+#endif
 }
 
 /*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.odd? -> true or false
- *
- *  Returns <code>true</code> if <i>big</i> is an odd number.
+ * Integer#pow
  */
 
 static VALUE
-rb_big_odd_p(VALUE num)
+int_pow_tmp1(VALUE x, VALUE y, long mm, int nega_flg)
 {
-    if (BDIGITS(num)[0] & 1) {
-	return Qtrue;
+    long xx = FIX2LONG(x);
+    long tmp = 1L;
+    long yy;
+
+    for (/*NOP*/; ! FIXNUM_P(y); y = rb_big_rshift(y, LONG2FIX(1L))) {
+        if (RTEST(rb_int_odd_p(y))) {
+            tmp = (tmp * xx) % mm;
+        }
+        xx = (xx * xx) % mm;
     }
-    return Qfalse;
+    for (yy = FIX2LONG(y); yy; yy >>= 1L) {
+        if (yy & 1L) {
+            tmp = (tmp * xx) % mm;
+        }
+        xx = (xx * xx) % mm;
+    }
+
+    if (nega_flg && tmp) {
+        tmp -= mm;
+    }
+    return LONG2FIX(tmp);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+int_pow_tmp2(VALUE x, VALUE y, long mm, int nega_flg)
+{
+    long tmp = 1L;
+    long yy;
+#ifdef DLONG
+    const DLONG m = mm;
+    long tmp2 = tmp;
+    long xx = FIX2LONG(x);
+# define MUL_MODULO(a, b, c) (long)(((DLONG)(a) * (DLONG)(b)) % (c))
+#else
+    const VALUE m = LONG2FIX(mm);
+    VALUE tmp2 = LONG2FIX(tmp);
+    VALUE xx = x;
+# define MUL_MODULO(a, b, c) rb_int_modulo(rb_fix_mul_fix((a), (b)), (c))
+#endif
+
+    for (/*NOP*/; ! FIXNUM_P(y); y = rb_big_rshift(y, LONG2FIX(1L))) {
+        if (RTEST(rb_int_odd_p(y))) {
+            tmp2 = MUL_MODULO(tmp2, xx, m);
+        }
+        xx = MUL_MODULO(xx, xx, m);
+    }
+    for (yy = FIX2LONG(y); yy; yy >>= 1L) {
+        if (yy & 1L) {
+            tmp2 = MUL_MODULO(tmp2, xx, m);
+        }
+        xx = MUL_MODULO(xx, xx, m);
+    }
+
+#ifdef DLONG
+    tmp = tmp2;
+#else
+    tmp = FIX2LONG(tmp2);
+#endif
+    if (nega_flg && tmp) {
+        tmp -= mm;
+    }
+    return LONG2FIX(tmp);
 }
 
 /*
- *  call-seq:
- *     big.even? -> true or false
+ * Document-method: Integer#pow
+ * call-seq:
+ *    integer.pow(numeric)           ->  numeric
+ *    integer.pow(integer, integer)  ->  integer
+ *
+ * Returns (modular) exponentiation as:
  *
- *  Returns <code>true</code> if <i>big</i> is an even number.
+ *   a.pow(b)     #=> same as a**b
+ *   a.pow(b, m)  #=> same as (a**b) % m, but avoids huge temporary values
  */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_big_even_p(VALUE num)
+VALUE
+rb_int_powm(int const argc, VALUE * const argv, VALUE const num)
 {
-    if (BDIGITS(num)[0] & 1) {
-	return Qfalse;
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2);
+
+    if (argc == 1) {
+        return rb_int_pow(num, argv[0]);
     }
-    return Qtrue;
+    else {
+        VALUE const a = num;
+        VALUE const b = argv[0];
+        VALUE m = argv[1];
+        int nega_flg = 0;
+        if ( ! RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(b)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Integer#pow() 2nd argument not allowed unless a 1st argument is integer");
+        }
+        if (rb_int_negative_p(b)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "Integer#pow() 1st argument cannot be negative when 2nd argument specified");
+        }
+        if (!RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(m)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Integer#pow() 2nd argument not allowed unless all arguments are integers");
+        }
+
+        if (rb_int_negative_p(m)) {
+            m = rb_int_uminus(m);
+            nega_flg = 1;
+        }
+
+        if (FIXNUM_P(m)) {
+            long const half_val = (long)HALF_LONG_MSB;
+            long const mm = FIX2LONG(m);
+            if (!mm) rb_num_zerodiv();
+            if (mm == 1) return INT2FIX(0);
+            if (mm <= half_val) {
+                return int_pow_tmp1(rb_int_modulo(a, m), b, mm, nega_flg);
+            }
+            else {
+                return int_pow_tmp2(rb_int_modulo(a, m), b, mm, nega_flg);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            if (rb_bigzero_p(m)) rb_num_zerodiv();
+	    if (bignorm(m) == INT2FIX(1)) return INT2FIX(0);
+            return int_pow_tmp3(rb_int_modulo(a, m), b, m, nega_flg);
+        }
+    }
+    UNREACHABLE_RETURN(Qnil);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3751,48 +7174,16 @@ rb_big_even_p(VALUE num)
 void
 Init_Bignum(void)
 {
-    rb_cBignum = rb_define_class("Bignum", rb_cInteger);
-
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "to_s", rb_big_to_s, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "coerce", rb_big_coerce, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "-@", rb_big_uminus, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "+", rb_big_plus, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "-", rb_big_minus, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "*", rb_big_mul, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "/", rb_big_div, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "%", rb_big_modulo, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "div", rb_big_idiv, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "divmod", rb_big_divmod, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "modulo", rb_big_modulo, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "remainder", rb_big_remainder, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "fdiv", rb_big_fdiv, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "**", rb_big_pow, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "&", rb_big_and, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "|", rb_big_or, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "^", rb_big_xor, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "~", rb_big_neg, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "<<", rb_big_lshift, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, ">>", rb_big_rshift, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "[]", rb_big_aref, 1);
-
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "<=>", rb_big_cmp, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "==", rb_big_eq, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, ">", big_gt, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, ">=", big_ge, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "<", big_lt, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "<=", big_le, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "===", rb_big_eq, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "eql?", rb_big_eql, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "hash", rb_big_hash, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "to_f", rb_big_to_f, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "abs", rb_big_abs, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "magnitude", rb_big_abs, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "size", rb_big_size, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "odd?", rb_big_odd_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "even?", rb_big_even_p, 0);
+    /* An obsolete class, use Integer */
+    rb_define_const(rb_cObject, "Bignum", rb_cInteger);
+    rb_deprecate_constant(rb_cObject, "Bignum");
 
-    power_cache_init();
+    rb_define_method(rb_cInteger, "coerce", rb_int_coerce, 1);
 
-    big_three = rb_uint2big(3);
-    rb_gc_register_mark_object(big_three);
+#ifdef USE_GMP
+    /* The version of loaded GMP. */
+    rb_define_const(rb_cInteger, "GMP_VERSION", rb_sprintf("GMP %s", gmp_version));
+#endif
+
+    power_cache_init();
 }
diff --git a/bin/bundle b/bin/bundle
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1a0b06b005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/bundle
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'bundler' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
+
+str = ARGV.first
+if str
+  str = str.b[/\A_(.*)_\z/, 1]
+  if str and Gem::Version.correct?(str)
+    version = str
+    ARGV.shift
+  end
+end
+
+if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_bin_path)
+load Gem.activate_bin_path('bundler', 'bundle', version)
+else
+gem "bundler", version
+load Gem.bin_path("bundler", "bundle", version)
+end
diff --git a/bin/bundler b/bin/bundler
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..e15eb39ed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/bundler
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'bundler' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
+
+str = ARGV.first
+if str
+  str = str.b[/\A_(.*)_\z/, 1]
+  if str and Gem::Version.correct?(str)
+    version = str
+    ARGV.shift
+  end
+end
+
+if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_bin_path)
+load Gem.activate_bin_path('bundler', 'bundler', version)
+else
+gem "bundler", version
+load Gem.bin_path("bundler", "bundler", version)
+end
diff --git a/bin/erb b/bin/erb
index 6b92ac2284..89d74fc525 100755
--- a/bin/erb
+++ b/bin/erb
@@ -1,155 +1,27 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
-# Tiny eRuby --- ERB2
-# Copyright (c) 1999-2000,2002 Masatoshi SEKI
-# You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Ruby.
-
-require 'erb'
-
-class ERB
-  module Main
-    def ARGV.switch
-      return nil if self.empty?
-      arg = self.shift
-      return nil if arg == '--'
-      if arg =~ /^-(.)(.*)/
-        if $1 == '-'
-          arg, @maybe_arg = arg.split(/=/, 2)
-          return arg
-        end
-        raise 'unknown switch "-"' if $2[0] == ?- and $1 != 'T'
-        if $2.size > 0
-          self.unshift "-#{$2}"
-          @maybe_arg = $2
-        else
-          @maybe_arg = nil
-        end
-        "-#{$1}"
-      else
-        self.unshift arg
-        nil
-      end
-    end
-
-    def ARGV.req_arg
-      (@maybe_arg || self.shift || raise('missing argument')).tap {
-        @maybe_arg = nil
-      }
-    end
-
-    def trim_mode_opt(trim_mode, disable_percent)
-      return trim_mode if disable_percent
-      case trim_mode
-      when 0
-        return '%'
-      when 1
-        return '%>'
-      when 2
-        return '%<>'
-      when '-'
-        return '%-'
-      end
-    end
-    module_function :trim_mode_opt
-
-    def run(factory=ERB)
-      trim_mode = 0
-      disable_percent = false
-      begin
-        while switch = ARGV.switch
-          case switch
-          when '-x'                        # ruby source
-            output = true
-          when '-n'                        # line number
-            number = true
-          when '-v'                        # verbose
-            $VERBOSE = true
-          when '--version'                 # version
-            STDERR.puts factory.version
-            exit
-          when '-d', '--debug'             # debug
-            $DEBUG = true
-          when '-r'                        # require
-            require ARGV.req_arg
-          when '-S'                        # security level
-            arg = ARGV.req_arg
-            raise "invalid safe_level #{arg.dump}" unless arg =~ /^[0-4]$/
-            safe_level = arg.to_i
-          when '-T'                        # trim mode
-            arg = ARGV.req_arg
-            if arg == '-'
-              trim_mode = arg
-              next
-            end
-            raise "invalid trim mode #{arg.dump}" unless arg =~ /^[0-2]$/
-            trim_mode = arg.to_i
-          when '-E', '--encoding'
-            arg = ARGV.req_arg
-            set_encoding(*arg.split(/:/, 2))
-          when '-U'
-            set_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8, Encoding::UTF_8)
-          when '-P'
-            disable_percent = true
-          when '--help'
-            raise "print this help"
-          else
-            raise "unknown switch #{switch.dump}"
-          end
-        end
-      rescue                               # usage
-        STDERR.puts $!.to_s
-        STDERR.puts File.basename($0) +
-          " [switches] [inputfile]"
-        STDERR.puts <<EOU
-  -x               print ruby script
-  -n               print ruby script with line number
-  -v               enable verbose mode
-  -d               set $DEBUG to true
-  -r library       load a library
-  -S safe_level    set $SAFE (0..4)
-  -E ex[:in]       set default external/internal encodings
-  -U               set default encoding to UTF-8.
-  -T trim_mode     specify trim_mode (0..2, -)
-  -P               ignore lines which start with "%"
-EOU
-        exit 1
-      end
-
-      $<.set_encoding(Encoding::ASCII_8BIT, nil)
-      src = $<.read
-      filename = $FILENAME
-      exit 2 unless src
-      trim = trim_mode_opt(trim_mode, disable_percent)
-      erb = factory.new(src.untaint, safe_level, trim)
-      erb.filename = filename
-      if output
-        if number
-          erb.src.each_line.with_index do |line, l|
-            puts "%3d %s"%[l+1, line]
-          end
-        else
-          puts erb.src
-        end
-      else
-        erb.run(TOPLEVEL_BINDING.taint)
-      end
-    end
-    module_function :run
-
-    def set_encoding(extern, intern = nil)
-      verbose, $VERBOSE = $VERBOSE, nil
-      Encoding.default_external = extern unless extern.nil? || extern.empty?
-      Encoding.default_internal = intern unless intern.nil? || intern.empty?
-      [$stdin, $stdout, $stderr].each do |io|
-        io.set_encoding(extern, intern)
-      end
-    ensure
-      $VERBOSE = verbose
-    end
-    module_function :set_encoding
-    class << self; private :set_encoding; end
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'erb' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
+
+str = ARGV.first
+if str
+  str = str.b[/\A_(.*)_\z/, 1]
+  if str and Gem::Version.correct?(str)
+    version = str
+    ARGV.shift
   end
 end
 
-if __FILE__ == $0
-  ERB::Main.run
+if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_bin_path)
+load Gem.activate_bin_path('erb', 'erb', version)
+else
+gem "erb", version
+load Gem.bin_path("erb", "erb", version)
 end
diff --git a/bin/irb b/bin/irb
index 6c8465c802..ae6d358c9d 100755
--- a/bin/irb
+++ b/bin/irb
@@ -1,20 +1,27 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
 #
-#   irb.rb - interactive ruby
-#   	$Release Version: 0.9.6 $
-#   	$Revision$
-#   	by Keiju ISHITSUKA(keiju@ruby-lang.org)
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'irb' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "irb"
+require 'rubygems'
 
-if __FILE__ == $0
-  IRB.start(__FILE__)
-else
-  # check -e option
-  if /^-e$/ =~ $0
-    IRB.start(__FILE__)
-  else
-    IRB.setup(__FILE__)
+version = ">= 0.a"
+
+str = ARGV.first
+if str
+  str = str.b[/\A_(.*)_\z/, 1]
+  if str and Gem::Version.correct?(str)
+    version = str
+    ARGV.shift
   end
 end
+
+if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_bin_path)
+load Gem.activate_bin_path('irb', 'irb', version)
+else
+gem "irb", version
+load Gem.bin_path("irb", "irb", version)
+end
diff --git a/bin/racc b/bin/racc
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3ddac532b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/racc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'racc' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
+
+if ARGV.first
+  str = ARGV.first
+  str = str.dup.force_encoding("BINARY") if str.respond_to? :force_encoding
+  if str =~ /\A_(.*)_\z/ and Gem::Version.correct?($1) then
+    version = $1
+    ARGV.shift
+  end
+end
+
+if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_bin_path)
+load Gem.activate_bin_path('racc', 'racc', version)
+else
+gem "racc", version
+load Gem.bin_path("racc", "racc", version)
+end
diff --git a/bin/rake b/bin/rake
deleted file mode 100755
index 0de43c97ec..0000000000
--- a/bin/rake
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-
-#--
-# Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007  Jim Weirich
-#
-# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
-# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
-# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
-# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-#
-# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-#
-# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
-# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
-# IN THE SOFTWARE.
-#++
-
-begin
-  require 'rubygems'
-rescue LoadError
-end
-
-require 'rake'
-
-Rake.application.run
diff --git a/bin/rdoc b/bin/rdoc
index 20d866c220..8fa948cddb 100755
--- a/bin/rdoc
+++ b/bin/rdoc
@@ -1,40 +1,27 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
 #
-#  RDoc: Documentation tool for source code
-#        (see lib/rdoc/rdoc.rb for more information)
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'rdoc' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
-#  Copyright (c) 2003 Dave Thomas
-#  Released under the same terms as Ruby
 
-begin
-  gem 'rdoc'
-rescue NameError => e # --disable-gems
-  raise unless e.name == :gem
-rescue Gem::LoadError
-end
+require 'rubygems'
 
-require 'rdoc/rdoc'
+version = ">= 0.a"
 
-begin
-  r = RDoc::RDoc.new
-  r.document ARGV
-rescue SystemExit
-  raise
-rescue Exception => e
-  if $DEBUG_RDOC then
-    $stderr.puts e.message
-    $stderr.puts "#{e.backtrace.join "\n\t"}"
-    $stderr.puts
-  elsif Interrupt === e then
-    $stderr.puts
-    $stderr.puts 'Interrupted'
-  else
-    $stderr.puts "uh-oh! RDoc had a problem:"
-    $stderr.puts e.message
-    $stderr.puts
-    $stderr.puts "run with --debug for full backtrace"
+str = ARGV.first
+if str
+  str = str.b[/\A_(.*)_\z/, 1]
+  if str and Gem::Version.correct?(str)
+    version = str
+    ARGV.shift
   end
-
-  exit 1
 end
 
+if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_bin_path)
+load Gem.activate_bin_path('rdoc', 'rdoc', version)
+else
+gem "rdoc", version
+load Gem.bin_path("rdoc", "rdoc", version)
+end
diff --git a/bin/ri b/bin/ri
index 7fbed0c099..0cc2f73bb6 100755
--- a/bin/ri
+++ b/bin/ri
@@ -1,12 +1,27 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'rdoc' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
 
-begin
-  gem 'rdoc'
-rescue NameError => e # --disable-gems
-  raise unless e.name == :gem
-rescue Gem::LoadError
-end
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
 
-require 'rdoc/ri/driver'
+str = ARGV.first
+if str
+  str = str.b[/\A_(.*)_\z/, 1]
+  if str and Gem::Version.correct?(str)
+    version = str
+    ARGV.shift
+  end
+end
 
-RDoc::RI::Driver.run ARGV
+if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_bin_path)
+load Gem.activate_bin_path('rdoc', 'ri', version)
+else
+gem "rdoc", version
+load Gem.bin_path("rdoc", "ri", version)
+end
diff --git a/bin/testrb b/bin/testrb
deleted file mode 100755
index e9046eb147..0000000000
--- a/bin/testrb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-require 'test/unit'
-tests = Test::Unit::AutoRunner.new(true)
-tests.options.banner.sub!(/\[options\]/, '\& tests...')
-unless tests.process_args(ARGV)
-  abort tests.options.banner
-end
-files = tests.to_run
-$0 = files.size == 1 ? File.basename(files[0]) : files.to_s
-exit tests.run
diff --git a/bootstraptest/pending.rb b/bootstraptest/pending.rb
index 744c0adac1..2c4b85a419 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/pending.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/pending.rb
@@ -1,19 +1,3 @@
-assert_equal 'A', %q{
-  class A
-    @@a = 'A'
-    def a=(x)
-      @@a = x
-    end
-    def a
-      @@a
-    end
-  end
-
-  B = A.dup
-  B.new.a = 'B'
-  A.new.a
-}, '[ruby-core:17019]'
-
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   def m
     lambda{
@@ -31,9 +15,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   end
 }
 
-assert_normal_exit %q{
-  r = Range.allocate
-  def r.<=>(o) true end
-  r.instance_eval { initialize r, r }
-  r.inspect
+# This randomly fails on mswin.
+assert_equal %q{[]}, %q{
+  Thread.new{sleep}.backtrace
 }
diff --git a/bootstraptest/runner.rb b/bootstraptest/runner.rb
index df58ca58f3..2cd91ffd07 100755
--- a/bootstraptest/runner.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/runner.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"exec" "${RUBY-ruby}" "-x" "$0" "$@"; true # -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8 -*-
+"exec" "${RUBY-ruby}" "-x" "$0" "$@" || true # -*- Ruby -*-
 #!./ruby
 # $Id$
 
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 # Never use optparse in this file.
 # Never use test/unit in this file.
 # Never use Ruby extensions in this file.
+# Maintain Ruby 1.8 compatibility for now
 
 begin
   require 'fileutils'
@@ -60,7 +61,11 @@ end
 def main
   @ruby = File.expand_path('miniruby')
   @verbose = false
+  $VERBOSE = false
   $stress = false
+  @color = nil
+  @tty = nil
+  @quiet = false
   dir = nil
   quiet = false
   tests = nil
@@ -81,8 +86,17 @@ def main
       true
     when /\A(--stress|-s)/
       $stress = true
+    when /\A--color(?:=(?:always|(auto)|(never)|(.*)))?\z/
+      warn "unknown --color argument: #$3" if $3
+      @color = $1 ? nil : !$2
+      true
+    when /\A--tty(=(?:yes|(no)|(.*)))?\z/
+      warn "unknown --tty argument: #$3" if $3
+      @tty = !$1 || !$2
+      true
     when /\A(-q|--q(uiet))\z/
       quiet = true
+      @quiet = true
       true
     when /\A(-v|--v(erbose))\z/
       @verbose = true
@@ -92,12 +106,16 @@ Usage: #{File.basename($0, '.*')} --ruby=PATH [--sets=NAME,NAME,...]
         --sets=NAME,NAME,...        Name of test sets.
         --dir=DIRECTORY             Working directory.
                                     default: /tmp/bootstraptestXXXXX.tmpwd
+        --color[=WHEN]              Colorize the output.  WHEN defaults to 'always'
+                                    or can be 'never' or 'auto'.
     -s, --stress                    stress test.
     -v, --verbose                   Output test name before exec.
     -q, --quiet                     Don\'t print header message.
     -h, --help                      Print this message and quit.
 End
       exit true
+    when /\A-j/
+      true
     else
       false
     end
@@ -110,6 +128,29 @@ End
   tests = Dir.glob("#{File.dirname($0)}/test_*.rb").sort if tests.empty?
   pathes = tests.map {|path| File.expand_path(path) }
 
+  @progress = %w[- \\ | /]
+  @progress_bs = "\b" * @progress[0].size
+  @tty = $stderr.tty? if @tty.nil?
+  case @color
+  when nil
+    @color = @tty && /dumb/ !~ ENV["TERM"]
+  end
+  @tty &&= !@verbose
+  if @color
+    # dircolors-like style
+    colors = (colors = ENV['TEST_COLORS']) ? Hash[colors.scan(/(\w+)=([^:\n]*)/)] : {}
+    begin
+      File.read(File.join(__dir__, "../tool/colors")).scan(/(\w+)=([^:\n]*)/) do |n, c|
+        colors[n] ||= c
+      end
+    rescue
+    end
+    @passed = "\e[;#{colors["pass"] || "32"}m"
+    @failed = "\e[;#{colors["fail"] || "31"}m"
+    @reset = "\e[m"
+  else
+    @passed = @failed = @reset = ""
+  end
   unless quiet
     puts Time.now
     if defined?(RUBY_DESCRIPTION)
@@ -129,29 +170,56 @@ End
   }
 end
 
+def erase(e = true)
+  if e and @columns > 0 and @tty and !@verbose
+    "\e[1K\r"
+  else
+    ""
+  end
+end
+
 def exec_test(pathes)
   @count = 0
   @error = 0
   @errbuf = []
   @location = nil
+  @columns = 0
+  @width = pathes.map {|path| File.basename(path).size}.max + 2
   pathes.each do |path|
-    $stderr.print "\n#{File.basename(path)} "
+    @basename = File.basename(path)
+    $stderr.printf("%s%-*s ", erase(@quiet), @width, @basename)
+    $stderr.flush
+    @columns = @width + 1
     $stderr.puts if @verbose
+    count = @count
+    error = @error
     load File.expand_path(path)
+    if @tty
+      if @error == error
+        msg = "PASS #{@count-count}"
+        @columns += msg.size - 1
+        $stderr.print "#{@progress_bs}#{@passed}#{msg}#{@reset}"
+      else
+        msg = "FAIL #{@error-error}/#{@count-count}"
+        $stderr.print "#{@progress_bs}#{@failed}#{msg}#{@reset}"
+        @columns = 0
+      end
+    end
+    $stderr.puts unless @quiet and @tty and @error == error
+  end
+  $stderr.print(erase) if @quiet
+  @errbuf.each do |msg|
+    $stderr.puts msg
   end
-  $stderr.puts
   if @error == 0
     if @count == 0
       $stderr.puts "No tests, no problem"
     else
-      $stderr.puts "PASS all #{@count} tests"
+      $stderr.puts "#{@passed}PASS#{@reset} all #{@count} tests"
     end
     exit true
   else
-    @errbuf.each do |msg|
-      $stderr.puts msg
-    end
-    $stderr.puts "FAIL #{@error}/#{@count} tests failed"
+    $stderr.puts "#{@failed}FAIL#{@reset} #{@error}/#{@count} tests failed"
     exit false
   end
 end
@@ -159,33 +227,69 @@ end
 def show_progress(message = '')
   if @verbose
     $stderr.print "\##{@count} #{@location} "
+  elsif @tty
+    $stderr.print "#{@progress_bs}#{@progress[@count % @progress.size]}"
   end
-  faildesc = yield
+  t = Time.now if @verbose
+  faildesc, errout = with_stderr {yield}
+  t = Time.now - t if @verbose
   if !faildesc
-    $stderr.print '.'
-    $stderr.puts if @verbose
+    if @tty
+      $stderr.print "#{@progress_bs}#{@progress[@count % @progress.size]}"
+    elsif @verbose
+      $stderr.printf(". %.3f\n", t)
+    else
+      $stderr.print '.'
+    end
   else
-    $stderr.print 'F'
+    $stderr.print "#{@failed}F"
+    $stderr.printf(" %.3f", t) if @verbose
+    $stderr.print @reset
     $stderr.puts if @verbose
     error faildesc, message
+    unless errout.empty?
+      $stderr.print "#{@failed}stderr output is not empty#{@reset}\n", adjust_indent(errout)
+    end
+    if @tty and !@verbose
+      $stderr.printf("%-*s%s", @width, @basename, @progress[@count % @progress.size])
+    end
   end
+rescue Interrupt
+  $stderr.puts "\##{@count} #{@location}"
+  raise
 rescue Exception => err
   $stderr.print 'E'
   $stderr.puts if @verbose
   error err.message, message
+ensure
+  begin
+    check_coredump
+  rescue CoreDumpError => err
+    $stderr.print 'E'
+    $stderr.puts if @verbose
+    error err.message, message
+  end
+end
+
+def show_limit(testsrc, opt = '', **argh)
+  result = get_result_string(testsrc, opt, **argh)
+  if @tty and @verbose
+    $stderr.puts ".{#@reset}\n#{erase}#{result}"
+  else
+    @errbuf.push result
+  end
 end
 
-def assert_check(testsrc, message = '', opt = '')
+def assert_check(testsrc, message = '', opt = '', **argh)
   show_progress(message) {
-    result = get_result_string(testsrc, opt)
-    check_coredump
+    result = get_result_string(testsrc, opt, **argh)
     yield(result)
   }
 end
 
-def assert_equal(expected, testsrc, message = '')
+def assert_equal(expected, testsrc, message = '', opt = '', **argh)
   newtest
-  assert_check(testsrc, message) {|result|
+  assert_check(testsrc, message, opt, **argh) {|result|
     if expected == result
       nil
     else
@@ -226,13 +330,10 @@ def assert_valid_syntax(testsrc, message = '')
   }
 end
 
-def assert_normal_exit(testsrc, *rest)
+def assert_normal_exit(testsrc, *rest, timeout: nil, **opt)
   newtest
-  opt = {}
-  opt = rest.pop if Hash === rest.last
   message, ignore_signals = rest
   message ||= ''
-  timeout = opt[:timeout]
   show_progress(message) {
     faildesc = nil
     filename = make_srcfile(testsrc)
@@ -256,7 +357,7 @@ def assert_normal_exit(testsrc, *rest)
       $stderr.reopen(old_stderr)
       old_stderr.close
     end
-    if status.signaled?
+    if status && status.signaled?
       signo = status.termsig
       signame = Signal.list.invert[signo]
       unless ignore_signals and ignore_signals.include?(signame)
@@ -282,6 +383,9 @@ def assert_normal_exit(testsrc, *rest)
 end
 
 def assert_finish(timeout_seconds, testsrc, message = '')
+  if defined?(RubyVM::MJIT) && RubyVM::MJIT.enabled? # for --jit-wait
+    timeout_seconds *= 3
+  end
   newtest
   show_progress(message) {
     faildesc = nil
@@ -290,12 +394,24 @@ def assert_finish(timeout_seconds, testsrc, message = '')
     pid = io.pid
     waited = false
     tlimit = Time.now + timeout_seconds
-    while Time.now < tlimit
+    diff = timeout_seconds
+    while diff > 0
       if Process.waitpid pid, Process::WNOHANG
         waited = true
         break
       end
-      sleep 0.1
+      if io.respond_to?(:read_nonblock)
+        if IO.select([io], nil, nil, diff)
+          begin
+            io.read_nonblock(1024)
+          rescue Errno::EAGAIN, IO::WaitReadable, EOFError
+            break
+          end while true
+        end
+      else
+        sleep 0.1
+      end
+      diff = tlimit - Time.now
     end
     if !waited
       Process.kill(:KILL, pid)
@@ -313,42 +429,64 @@ def flunk(message = '')
 end
 
 def pretty(src, desc, result)
-  src = src.sub(/\A.*\n/, '')
+  src = src.sub(/\A\s*\n/, '')
   (/\n/ =~ src ? "\n#{adjust_indent(src)}" : src) + "  #=> #{desc}"
 end
 
 INDENT = 27
 
 def adjust_indent(src)
-  untabify(src).gsub(/^ {#{INDENT}}/o, '').gsub(/^/, '   ')
+  untabify(src).gsub(/^ {#{INDENT}}/o, '').gsub(/^/, '   ').sub(/\s*\z/, "\n")
 end
 
 def untabify(str)
   str.gsub(/^\t+/) {' ' * (8 * $&.size) }
 end
 
-def make_srcfile(src)
+def make_srcfile(src, frozen_string_literal: nil)
   filename = 'bootstraptest.tmp.rb'
   File.open(filename, 'w') {|f|
+    f.puts "#frozen_string_literal:true" if frozen_string_literal
     f.puts "GC.stress = true" if $stress
     f.puts "print(begin; #{src}; end)"
   }
   filename
 end
 
-def get_result_string(src, opt = '')
+def get_result_string(src, opt = '', **argh)
   if @ruby
-    filename = make_srcfile(src)
+    filename = make_srcfile(src, **argh)
     begin
       `#{@ruby} -W0 #{opt} #{filename}`
     ensure
-      raise CoreDumpError, "core dumped" if $? and $?.coredump?
+      raise Interrupt if $? and $?.signaled? && $?.termsig == Signal.list["INT"]
     end
   else
     eval(src).to_s
   end
 end
 
+def with_stderr
+  out = err = nil
+  begin
+    r, w = IO.pipe
+    stderr = $stderr.dup
+    $stderr.reopen(w)
+    w.close
+    reader = Thread.start {r.read}
+    begin
+      out = yield
+    ensure
+      $stderr.reopen(stderr)
+      err = reader.value
+    end
+  ensure
+    w.close rescue nil
+    r.close rescue nil
+  end
+  return out, err
+end
+
 def newtest
   @location = File.basename(caller(2).first)
   @count += 1
@@ -356,7 +494,12 @@ def newtest
 end
 
 def error(msg, additional_message)
-  @errbuf.push "\##{@count} #{@location}: #{msg}  #{additional_message}"
+  msg = "#{@failed}\##{@count} #{@location}#{@reset}: #{msg}  #{additional_message}"
+  if @tty
+    $stderr.puts "#{erase}#{msg}"
+  else
+    @errbuf.push msg
+  end
   @error += 1
 end
 
@@ -376,7 +519,21 @@ def in_temporary_working_directory(dir)
 end
 
 def cleanup_coredump
-  FileUtils.rm_f 'core'
+  if File.file?('core')
+    require 'time'
+    Dir.glob('/tmp/bootstraptest-core.*').each do |f|
+      if Time.now - File.mtime(f) > 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 # 7 days
+        warn "Deleting an old core file: #{f}"
+        FileUtils.rm(f)
+      end
+    end
+    core_path = "/tmp/bootstraptest-core.#{Time.now.utc.iso8601}"
+    warn "A core file is found. Saving it at: #{core_path.dump}"
+    FileUtils.mv('core', core_path)
+    cmd = ['gdb', @ruby, '-c', core_path, '-ex', 'bt', '-batch']
+    p cmd # debugging why it's not working
+    system(*cmd)
+  end
   FileUtils.rm_f Dir.glob('core.*')
   FileUtils.rm_f @ruby+'.stackdump' if @ruby
 end
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_autoload.rb b/bootstraptest/test_autoload.rb
index e8df6684b6..a9f8e6dacd 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_autoload.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_autoload.rb
@@ -43,46 +43,6 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   ZZZ.ok
 }
 
-assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  open("zzz.rb", "w") {|f| f.puts "class ZZZ; def self.ok;:ok;end;end"}
-  autoload :ZZZ, "./zzz.rb"
-  proc{$SAFE=4; ZZZ.ok}.call
-}
-
-assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  open("zzz.rb", "w") {|f| f.puts "class ZZZ; def self.ok;:ok;end;end"}
-  autoload :ZZZ, "./zzz.rb"
-  require "./zzz.rb"
-  proc{$SAFE=4; ZZZ.ok}.call
-}
-
-assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  open("zzz.rb", "w") {|f| f.puts "class ZZZ; def hoge;:ok;end;end"}
-  autoload :ZZZ, File.join(Dir.pwd, 'zzz.rb')
-  module M; end
-  Thread.new{M.instance_eval('$SAFE=4; ZZZ.new.hoge')}.value
-}
-
-assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  open("zzz.rb", "w") {|f| f.puts "class ZZZ; def hoge;:ok;end;end"}
-  autoload :ZZZ, File.join(Dir.pwd, 'zzz.rb')
-  module M; end
-  Thread.new{$SAFE=4; M.instance_eval('ZZZ.new.hoge')}.value
-}
-
-assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  open("zzz.rb", "w") {|f| f.puts "class ZZZ; def hoge;:ok;end;end"}
-  autoload :ZZZ, File.join(Dir.pwd, 'zzz.rb')
-  Thread.new{$SAFE=4; eval('ZZZ.new.hoge')}.value
-}
-
-assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  open("zzz.rb", "w") {|f| f.puts "class ZZZ; def hoge;:ok;end;end"}
-  autoload :ZZZ, File.join(Dir.pwd, 'zzz.rb')
-  module M; end
-  Thread.new{eval('$SAFE=4; ZZZ.new.hoge')}.value
-}
-
 assert_equal 'okok', %q{
   open("zzz.rb", "w") {|f| f.puts "class ZZZ; def self.ok;:ok;end;end"}
   autoload :ZZZ, "./zzz.rb"
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_block.rb b/bootstraptest/test_block.rb
index ea6768cc25..cdc5960a59 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_block.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_block.rb
@@ -565,3 +565,49 @@ assert_normal_exit %q{
   t.test_for_bug
 }, '[ruby-core:14395]'
 
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  class C0
+    def foo
+      block_given?
+    end
+  end
+
+  class C1 < C0
+    def foo
+      super
+    end
+  end
+
+  C1.new.foo{}
+}
+
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  class C0
+    def foo
+      block_given?
+    end
+  end
+
+  class C1 < C0
+    def foo
+      super()
+    end
+  end
+
+  C1.new.foo{}
+}
+
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  1.times do
+    begin
+      raise
+    rescue
+      begin
+        raise
+      rescue
+        break
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  'ok'
+}
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_class.rb b/bootstraptest/test_class.rb
index 664dd2f166..b7fe0a1acd 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_class.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_class.rb
@@ -11,6 +11,16 @@ assert_equal 'C',       %q( class C; end
                             C.new.class.name )
 assert_equal 'Class',   %q( class C; end
                             C.new.class.class )
+assert_equal 'true',    %q( Object.__send__(:remove_const, :TrueClass)
+                            GC.start
+                            true.inspect)
+assert_equal 'false',   %q( Object.__send__(:remove_const, :FalseClass)
+                            GC.start
+                            false.inspect)
+assert_equal 'nil',     %q( Object.__send__(:remove_const, :NilClass)
+                            GC.start
+                            nil.inspect)
+
 
 # inherited class
 assert_equal 'true',    %q( class A; end
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_env.rb b/bootstraptest/test_env.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d1b45b75e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_env.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+assert_equal "true", %q{
+  ENV["ENVTEST"] = "\u{e9 3042 d76c}"
+  env = ENV["ENVTEST"]
+  env.valid_encoding?
+}
+
+# different encoding is used for PATH
+assert_equal "true", %q{
+  ENV["PATH"] = "\u{e9 3042 d76c}"
+  env = ENV["PATH"]
+  env.valid_encoding?
+}
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_eval.rb b/bootstraptest/test_eval.rb
index c347d50ac9..5d2593c306 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_eval.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_eval.rb
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ assert_equal %q{foo}, %q{
   }
 }
 assert_equal %q{1}, %q{
-  class Fixnum
+  class Integer
     Const = 1
   end
   1.instance_eval %{
@@ -190,7 +190,8 @@ assert_equal %q{[10, main]}, %q{
 }
 
 %w[break next redo].each do |keyword|
-  assert_match %r"Can't escape from eval with #{keyword}\z", %{
+  assert_match %r"Can't escape from eval with #{keyword}\b", %{
+    STDERR.reopen(STDOUT)
     begin
       eval "0 rescue #{keyword}"
     rescue SyntaxError => e
@@ -249,7 +250,9 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   begin
-    12.instance_eval { @@a }
+    class A
+      12.instance_eval { @@a }
+    end
   rescue NameError
     :ok
   end
@@ -257,31 +260,27 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   begin
-    12.instance_exec { @@a }
+    class A
+      12.instance_exec { @@a }
+    end
   rescue NameError
     :ok
   end
 }, '[ruby-core:16794]'
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  begin
-    nil.instance_eval {
-      def a() :a end
-    }
-  rescue TypeError
-    :ok
-  end
-}, '[ruby-core:16796]'
+  nil.instance_eval {
+    def defd_using_instance_eval() :ok end
+  }
+  nil.defd_using_instance_eval
+}, '[ruby-core:28324]'
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  begin
-    nil.instance_exec {
-      def a() :a end
-    }
-  rescue TypeError
-    :ok
-  end
-}, '[ruby-core:16796]'
+  nil.instance_exec {
+    def defd_using_instance_exec() :ok end
+  }
+  nil.defd_using_instance_exec
+}, '[ruby-core:28324]'
 
 assert_normal_exit %q{
   eval("", method(:proc).call {}.binding)
@@ -316,6 +315,15 @@ assert_normal_exit %q{
   end
   begin
     eval "class C; @@h = #{hash.inspect}; end"
-  rescue SystemStackError
   end
 }, '[ruby-core:25714]'
+
+assert_normal_exit %q{
+  begin
+    eval("# encoding:utf-16le\nfoo")
+  rescue Exception => e
+    p e
+    RubyVM::InstructionSequence.compile("p:hello")
+  end
+}, 'check escaping the internal value th->base_block'
+
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_exception.rb b/bootstraptest/test_exception.rb
index f7d5eeaa07..0fb6f552b8 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_exception.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_exception.rb
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ assert_equal 'nil', %q{
   exc.inspect
 }, '[ruby-dev:32608]'
 
-assert_equal 'exception class/object expected', %q{
+assert_equal 'divided by 0', %q{
   class ZeroDivisionError
     def self.new(message)
       42
@@ -414,3 +414,19 @@ assert_equal 'exception class/object expected', %q{
     e.message
   end
 }, '[ruby-core:24767]'
+
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  class C
+    def ===(o)
+      true
+    end
+  end
+  begin
+    begin
+      raise
+    rescue C.new
+    end
+  rescue TypeError
+    :ok
+  end
+}
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_fiber.rb b/bootstraptest/test_fiber.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35e1bf6851
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_fiber.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+show_limit %q{
+  fibers = []
+  begin
+    fiber = Fiber.new{Fiber.yield}
+    fiber.resume
+    fibers << fiber
+
+    raise Exception, "skipping" if fibers.count >= 10_000
+  rescue Exception => error
+    puts "Fiber count: #{fibers.count} (#{error})"
+    break
+  end while true
+}
+
+assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
+  Fiber.new{
+  }.resume
+  :ok
+}
+
+assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
+  10_000.times.collect{Fiber.new{}}
+  :ok
+}
+
+assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
+  fibers = 100.times.collect{Fiber.new{Fiber.yield}}
+  fibers.each(&:resume)
+  fibers.each(&:resume)
+  :ok
+}
+
+assert_normal_exit %q{
+  at_exit { Fiber.new{}.resume }
+}
+
+assert_normal_exit %q{
+  Fiber.new(&Object.method(:class_eval)).resume("foo")
+}, '[ruby-dev:34128]'
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_flow.rb b/bootstraptest/test_flow.rb
index 6b3ef749c3..35f19db588 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_flow.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_flow.rb
@@ -534,11 +534,11 @@ assert_equal %Q{ENSURE\n}, %q{
  ['[ruby-core:39125]', %q{
   class Bug5234
     include Enumerable
-    def each
+    def each(&block)
       begin
         yield :foo
       ensure
-        proc
+        proc(&block)
       end
     end
   end
@@ -547,11 +547,11 @@ assert_equal %Q{ENSURE\n}, %q{
  ['[ruby-dev:45656]', %q{
   class Bug6460
     include Enumerable
-    def each
+    def each(&block)
       begin
         yield :foo
       ensure
-        1.times { Proc.new }
+        1.times { Proc.new(&block) }
       end
     end
   end
@@ -563,16 +563,39 @@ assert_equal %Q{ENSURE\n}, %q{
   assert_equal "true", src + %q{e.include?(:foo)}, bug
 end
 
-assert_equal('ok', %q{
-  class FOO < RuntimeError; end
-  class BAR < RuntimeError; end
-  def m
-    raise FOO
+assert_equal "foo", %q{
+  class Bug6460
+    def m1
+      m2 {|e|
+        return e
+      }
+    end
+
+    def m2
+      begin
+        yield :foo
+      ensure
+        begin
+          begin
+            yield :foo
+          ensure
+            Proc.new
+            raise ''
+          end
+        rescue
+        end
+      end
+    end
   end
-  set_trace_func(proc{|t,| raise BAR if t == 'return'})
-  begin
-    m
-  rescue BAR
-    'ok'
+  Bug6460.new.m1
+}, '[ruby-dev:46372]'
+
+assert_equal "foo", %q{
+  obj = "foo"
+  if obj || any1
+    any2 = any2
+  else
+    raise obj.inspect
   end
-}, '[ruby-core:51128] [ruby-trunk - Bug #7624]')
+  obj
+}, '[ruby-core:87830]'
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_fork.rb b/bootstraptest/test_fork.rb
index 384294727f..83923dad97 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_fork.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_fork.rb
@@ -21,27 +21,35 @@ assert_finish 10, %q{
   end
 }, '[ruby-core:22158]'
 
-assert_normal_exit(<<'End', '[ruby-dev:37934]')
-  Thread.new { sleep 1; Thread.kill Thread.main }
-  Process.setrlimit(:NPROC, 1)
+# temporarily stop this test to enable explicit failure when
+# timer thread couldn't be created (r61706 and r61717).
+assert_normal_exit(<<'End', '[ruby-dev:37934]') if false
+  main = Thread.current
+  Thread.new { sleep 0.01 until main.stop?; Thread.kill main }
+  Process.setrlimit(:NPROC, 1) if defined?(Process::RLIMIT_NPROC)
   fork {}
 End
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   begin
+    r, w = IO.pipe
     if pid1 = fork
-      sleep 1
+      w.close
+      r.read(1)
       Process.kill("USR1", pid1)
       _, s = Process.wait2(pid1)
       s.success? ? :ok : :ng
     else
+      r.close
       if pid2 = fork
-        trap("USR1") { Time.now.to_s }
+        trap("USR1") { Time.now.to_s; Process.kill("USR2", pid2) }
+        w.close
         Process.wait2(pid2)
       else
-        sleep 2
+        w.close
+        sleep 0.2
       end
-      exit 0
+      exit true
     end
   rescue NotImplementedError
     :ok
@@ -50,17 +58,17 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 
 assert_equal '[1, 2]', %q{
   a = []
-  trap(:INT) { a.push(1) }
-  trap(:TERM) { a.push(2) }
+  main = Thread.current
+  trap(:INT) { a.push(1).size == 2 and main.wakeup }
+  trap(:TERM) { a.push(2).size == 2 and main.wakeup }
   pid = $$
   begin
-    fork do
-      sleep 0.5
+    pid = fork do
       Process.kill(:INT, pid)
       Process.kill(:TERM, pid)
     end
-
-    sleep 1
+    Process.wait(pid)
+    100.times {break if a.size > 1; sleep 0.001}
     a.sort
   rescue NotImplementedError
     [1, 2]
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_insns.rb b/bootstraptest/test_insns.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9052cad7bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_insns.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+# C0 coverage of each instructions
+
+# :NOTE: This is for development purpose; never consider this file as
+# ISeq compilation specification.
+
+begin
+  # This library brings some additional coverage.
+  # Not mandatory.
+  require 'rbconfig/sizeof'
+rescue LoadError
+  # OK, just skip
+else
+  if defined? RbConfig::LIMITS
+    $FIXNUM_MAX = RbConfig::LIMITS["FIXNUM_MAX"]
+    $FIXNUM_MIN = RbConfig::LIMITS["FIXNUM_MIN"]
+  end
+end
+
+fsl   = { frozen_string_literal: true } # used later
+tests = [
+  # insn ,   expression to generate such insn
+  [ 'nop',   %q{ raise rescue true }, ],
+
+  [ 'setlocal *, 0', %q{ x = true }, ],
+  [ 'setlocal *, 1', %q{ x = nil; -> { x = true }.call }, ],
+  [ 'setlocal',      %q{ x = nil; -> { -> { x = true }.() }.() }, ],
+  [ 'getlocal *, 0', %q{ x = true; x }, ],
+  [ 'getlocal *, 1', %q{ x = true; -> { x }.call }, ],
+  [ 'getlocal',      %q{ x = true; -> { -> { x }.() }.() }, ],
+
+  [ 'setblockparam', <<-'},', ], # {
+    def m&b
+      b = # here
+        proc { true }
+    end
+    m { false }.call
+  },
+  [ 'getblockparam', <<-'},', ], # {
+    def m&b
+      b # here
+    end
+    m { true }.call
+  },
+  [ 'getblockparamproxy', <<-'},', ], # {
+    def m&b
+      b # here
+        .call
+    end
+    m { true }
+  },
+
+  [ 'setspecial', %q{ true if true..true }, ],
+  [ 'getspecial', %q{ $&.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'getspecial', %q{ $`.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'getspecial', %q{ $'.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'getspecial', %q{ $+.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'getspecial', %q{ $1.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'getspecial', %q{ $128.nil? }, ],
+
+  [ 'getglobal', %q{ String === $0 }, ],
+  [ 'getglobal', %q{ $_.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'setglobal', %q{ $0 = "true" }, ],
+
+  [ 'setinstancevariable', %q{ @x = true }, ],
+  [ 'getinstancevariable', %q{ @x = true; @x }, ],
+
+  [ 'setclassvariable', %q{ class A; @@x = true; end }, ],
+  [ 'getclassvariable', %q{ class A; @@x = true; @@x end }, ],
+
+  [ 'setconstant', %q{ X = true }, ],
+  [ 'setconstant', %q{ Object::X = true }, ],
+  [ 'getconstant', %q{ X = true; X }, ],
+  [ 'getconstant', %q{ X = true; Object::X }, ],
+
+  [ 'getinlinecache / setinlinecache', %q{ def x; X; end; X = true; x; x; x }, ],
+
+  [ 'putnil',               %q{ $~ == nil }, ],
+  [ 'putself',              %q{ $~ != self }, ],
+  [ 'putobject INT2FIX(0)', %q{ $~ != 0 }, ],
+  [ 'putobject INT2FIX(1)', %q{ $~ != 1 }, ],
+  [ 'putobject',            %q{ $~ != -1 }, ],
+  [ 'putobject',            %q{ $~ != /x/ }, ],
+  [ 'putobject',            %q{ $~ != :x }, ],
+  [ 'putobject',            %q{ $~ != (1..2) }, ],
+  [ 'putobject',            %q{ $~ != true }, ],
+  [ 'putobject',            %q{ /(?<x>x)/ =~ "x"; x == "x" }, ],
+
+  [ 'putspecialobject',         %q{ {//=>true}[//] }, ],
+  [ 'putstring',                %q{ "true" }, ],
+  [ 'tostring / concatstrings', %q{ "#{true}" }, ],
+  [ 'toregexp',                 %q{ /#{true}/ =~ "true" && $~ }, ],
+  [ 'intern',                   %q{ :"#{true}" }, ],
+
+  [ 'newarray',    %q{ ["true"][0] }, ],
+  [ 'newarraykwsplat', %q{ [**{x:'true'}][0][:x] }, ],
+  [ 'duparray',    %q{ [ true ][0] }, ],
+  [ 'expandarray', %q{ y = [ true, false, nil ]; x, = y; x }, ],
+  [ 'expandarray', %q{ y = [ true, false, nil ]; x, *z = y; x }, ],
+  [ 'expandarray', %q{ y = [ true, false, nil ]; x, *z, w = y; x }, ],
+  [ 'splatarray',  %q{ x, = *(y = true), false; x }, ],
+  [ 'concatarray', %q{ ["t", "r", *x = "u", "e"].join }, ],
+  [ 'concatarray', <<-'},', ],  # {
+    class X; def to_a; ['u']; end; end
+    ['t', 'r', *X.new, 'e'].join
+  },
+  [ 'concatarray', <<-'},', ],  # {
+    r = false
+    t = [true, nil]
+    q, w, e = r, *t             # here
+    w
+  },
+
+  [ 'newhash',  %q{ x = {}; x[x] = true }, ],
+  [ 'newhash',  %q{ x = true; { x => x }[x] }, ],
+  [ 'newhashfromarray', %q{ { a: true }[:a] }, ],
+  [ 'newrange', %q{ x = 1; [*(0..x)][0] == 0 }, ],
+  [ 'newrange', %q{ x = 1; [*(0...x)][0] == 0 }, ],
+
+  [ 'pop',     %q{ def x; true; end; x }, ],
+  [ 'dup',     %q{ x = y = true; x }, ],
+  [ 'dupn',    %q{ Object::X ||= true }, ],
+  [ 'reverse', %q{ q, (w, e), r = 1, [2, 3], 4; e == 3 }, ],
+  [ 'swap',    <<-'},', ],      # {
+    x = [[false, true]]
+    for i, j in x               # here
+      ;
+    end
+    j
+  },
+
+  [ 'topn',        %q{ x, y = [], 0; x[*y], = [true, false]; x[0] }, ],
+  [ 'setn',        %q{ x, y = [], 0; x[*y]  =  true        ; x[0] }, ],
+  [ 'adjuststack', %q{ x = [true]; x[0] ||= nil; x[0] }, ],
+
+  [ 'defined',      %q{ !defined?(x) }, ],
+  [ 'checkkeyword', %q{ def x x:rand;x end; x x: true }, ],
+  [ 'checktype',    %q{ x = true; "#{x}" }, ],
+  [ 'checkmatch',   <<-'},', ], # {
+    x = y = true
+    case x
+    when false
+      y = false
+    when true                   # here
+      y = nil
+    end
+    y == nil
+  },
+  [ 'checkmatch',   <<-'},', ], # {
+    x, y = true, [false]
+    case x
+    when *y                     # here
+      z = false
+    else
+      z = true
+    end
+    z
+  },
+  [ 'checkmatch',   <<-'},', ], # {
+    x = false
+    begin
+      raise
+    rescue                      # here
+      x = true
+    end
+    x
+  },
+
+  [ 'defineclass', %q{                 module X;    true end }, ],
+  [ 'defineclass', %q{ X = Module.new; module X;    true end }, ],
+  [ 'defineclass', %q{                 class X;     true end }, ],
+  [ 'defineclass', %q{ X = Class.new;  class X;     true end }, ],
+  [ 'defineclass', %q{ X = Class.new;  class Y < X; true end }, ],
+  [ 'defineclass', %q{ X = Class.new;  class << X;  true end }, ],
+  [ 'defineclass', <<-'},', ], # {
+    X = Class.new
+    Y = Class.new(X)
+    class Y < X
+      true
+    end
+  },
+
+  [ 'opt_send_without_block', %q{ true.to_s }, ],
+  [ 'send',                   %q{ true.tap {|i| i.to_s } }, ],
+  [ 'leave',                  %q{ def x; true; end; x }, ],
+  [ 'invokesuper',            <<-'},', ], # {
+    class X < String
+      def empty?
+        super                   # here
+      end
+    end
+   X.new.empty?
+  },
+  [ 'invokeblock',            <<-'},', ], # {
+    def x
+      return yield self         # here
+    end
+    x do
+      true
+    end
+  },
+
+  [ 'opt_str_freeze', %q{ 'true'.freeze }, ],
+  [ 'opt_nil_p',      %q{ nil.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'opt_nil_p',      %q{ !Object.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'opt_nil_p',      %q{ Class.new{def nil?; true end}.new.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'opt_str_uminus', %q{ -'true' }, ],
+  [ 'opt_str_freeze', <<-'},', ], # {
+    class String
+      def freeze
+        true
+      end
+    end
+    'true'.freeze
+  },
+
+  [ 'opt_newarray_max', %q{ [ ].max.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'opt_newarray_max', %q{ [1, x = 2, 3].max == 3 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_newarray_max', <<-'},', ], # {
+    class Array
+      def max
+        true
+      end
+    end
+    [1, x = 2, 3].max
+  },
+  [ 'opt_newarray_min', %q{ [ ].min.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'opt_newarray_min', %q{ [3, x = 2, 1].min == 1 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_newarray_min', <<-'},', ], # {
+    class Array
+      def min
+        true
+      end
+    end
+    [3, x = 2, 1].min
+  },
+
+  [ 'throw',        %q{ false.tap { break true } }, ],
+  [ 'branchif',     %q{ x = nil;  x ||= true }, ],
+  [ 'branchif',     %q{ x = true; x ||= nil; x }, ],
+  [ 'branchunless', %q{ x = 1;    x &&= true }, ],
+  [ 'branchunless', %q{ x = nil;  x &&= true; x.nil? }, ],
+  [ 'branchnil',    %q{ x = true; x&.to_s }, ],
+  [ 'branchnil',    %q{ x = nil;  (x&.to_s).nil? }, ],
+  [ 'jump',         <<-'},', ], # {
+    y = 1
+    x = if y == 0 then nil elsif y == 1 then true else nil end
+    x
+  },
+  [ 'jump',         <<-'},', ], # {
+    # ultra complicated situation: this ||= assignment only generates
+    # 15 instructions, not including the class definition.
+    class X; attr_accessor :x; end
+    x = X.new
+    x&.x ||= true               # here
+  },
+
+  [ 'once', %q{ /#{true}/o =~ "true" && $~ }, ],
+  [ 'once', <<-'},', ],         # {
+    def once expr
+      return /#{expr}/o         # here
+    end
+    x = once(true); x = once(false); x = once(nil);
+    x =~ "true" && $~
+  },
+  [ 'once', <<-'},', ],         # {
+    # recursive once
+    def once n
+      return %r/#{
+        if n == 0
+          true
+        else
+          once(n-1)             # here
+        end
+      }/ox
+    end
+    x = once(128); x = once(7); x = once(16);
+    x =~ "true" && $~
+  },
+  [ 'once', <<-'},', ],         # {
+    # inter-thread lockup situation
+    def once n
+      return Thread.start n do |m|
+        Thread.pass
+        next %r/#{
+          sleep m               # here
+          true
+        }/ox
+      end
+    end
+    x = once(1); y = once(0.1); z = y.value
+    z =~ "true" && $~
+  },
+
+  [ 'opt_case_dispatch', %q{ case   0 when 1.1 then false else true end }, ],
+  [ 'opt_case_dispatch', %q{ case 1.0 when 1.1 then false else true end }, ],
+
+  [ 'opt_plus',    %q{ 1 + 1 == 2 }, ],
+  if defined? $FIXNUM_MAX then
+    [ 'opt_plus',  %Q{ #{ $FIXNUM_MAX } + 1 == #{ $FIXNUM_MAX + 1 } }, ]
+  end,
+  [ 'opt_plus',    %q{ 1.0 + 1.0 == 2.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_plus',    %q{ x = +0.0.next_float; x + x >= x }, ],
+  [ 'opt_plus',    %q{ 't' + 'rue' }, ],
+  [ 'opt_plus',    %q{ ( ['t'] + ['r', ['u', ['e'], ], ] ).join }, ],
+  [ 'opt_plus',    %q{ Time.at(1) + 1 == Time.at(2) }, ],
+  [ 'opt_minus',   %q{ 1 - 1 == 0 }, ],
+  if defined? $FIXNUM_MIN then
+    [ 'opt_minus', %Q{ #{ $FIXNUM_MIN } - 1 == #{ $FIXNUM_MIN - 1 } }, ]
+  end,
+  [ 'opt_minus',   %q{ 1.0 - 1.0 == 0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_minus',   %q{ x = -0.0.prev_float; x - x == 0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_minus',   %q{ ( [false, true] - [false] )[0] }, ],
+  [ 'opt_mult',    %q{ 1 * 1 == 1 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_mult',    %q{ 1.0 * 1.0 == 1.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_mult',    %q{ x = +0.0.next_float; x * x <= x }, ],
+  [ 'opt_mult',    %q{ ( "ruet" * 3 )[7,4] }, ],
+  [ 'opt_div',     %q{ 1 / 1 == 1 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_div',     %q{ 1.0 / 1.0 == 1.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_div',     %q{ x = +0.0.next_float; x / x >= x }, ],
+  [ 'opt_div',     %q{ x = 1/2r; x / x == 1 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_mod',     %q{ 1 % 1 == 0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_mod',     %q{ 1.0 % 1.0 == 0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_mod',     %q{ x = +0.0.next_float; x % x == 0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_mod',     %q{ '%s' % [ true ] }, ],
+
+  [ 'opt_eq', %q{ 1 == 1 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_eq', <<-'},', ],       # {
+    class X; def == other; true; end; end
+    X.new == true
+  },
+  [ 'opt_neq', %q{ 1 != 0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_neq', <<-'},', ],       # {
+    class X; def != other; true; end; end
+    X.new != true
+  },
+
+  [ 'opt_lt', %q{            -1   <  0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_lt', %q{            -1.0 <  0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_lt', %q{ -0.0.prev_float <  0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_lt', %q{              ?a <  ?z }, ],
+  [ 'opt_le', %q{            -1   <= 0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_le', %q{            -1.0 <= 0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_le', %q{ -0.0.prev_float <= 0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_le', %q{              ?a <= ?z }, ],
+  [ 'opt_gt', %q{             1   >  0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_gt', %q{             1.0 >  0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_gt', %q{ +0.0.next_float >  0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_gt', %q{              ?z >  ?a }, ],
+  [ 'opt_ge', %q{             1   >= 0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_ge', %q{             1.0 >= 0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_ge', %q{ +0.0.next_float >= 0.0 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_ge', %q{              ?z >= ?a }, ],
+
+  [ 'opt_ltlt', %q{  '' << 'true' }, ],
+  [ 'opt_ltlt', %q{ ([] << 'true').join }, ],
+  [ 'opt_ltlt', %q{ (1 << 31) == 2147483648 }, ],
+
+  [ 'opt_aref', %q{ ['true'][0] }, ],
+  [ 'opt_aref', %q{ { 0 => 'true'}[0] }, ],
+  [ 'opt_aref', %q{ 'true'[0] == ?t }, ],
+  [ 'opt_aset', %q{ [][0] = true }, ],
+  [ 'opt_aset', %q{ {}[0] = true }, ],
+  [ 'opt_aset', %q{ x = 'frue'; x[0] = 't'; x }, ],
+  [ 'opt_aset', <<-'},', ], # {
+    # opt_aref / opt_aset mixup situation
+    class X; def x; {}; end; end
+    x = X.new
+    x&.x[true] ||= true         # here
+  },
+
+  [ 'opt_aref_with', %q{ { 'true' => true }['true'] }, ],
+  [ 'opt_aref_with', %q{ Struct.new(:nil).new['nil'].nil? }, ],
+  [ 'opt_aset_with', %q{ {}['true'] = true }, ],
+  [ 'opt_aset_with', %q{ Struct.new(:true).new['true'] = true }, ],
+
+  [ 'opt_length',  %q{   'true'       .length == 4 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_length',  %q{   :true        .length == 4 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_length',  %q{ [ 'true' ]     .length == 1 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_length',  %q{ { 'true' => 1 }.length == 1 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_size',    %q{   'true'       .size   == 4 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_size',    %q{               1.size   >= 4 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_size',    %q{ [ 'true' ]     .size   == 1 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_size',    %q{ { 'true' => 1 }.size   == 1 }, ],
+  [ 'opt_empty_p', %q{ ''.empty? }, ],
+  [ 'opt_empty_p', %q{ [].empty? }, ],
+  [ 'opt_empty_p', %q{ {}.empty? }, ],
+  [ 'opt_empty_p', %q{ Queue.new.empty? }, ],
+
+  [ 'opt_succ',  %q{ 1.succ == 2 }, ],
+  if defined? $FIXNUM_MAX then
+    [ 'opt_succ',%Q{ #{ $FIXNUM_MAX }.succ == #{ $FIXNUM_MAX + 1 } }, ]
+  end,
+  [ 'opt_succ',  %q{ '1'.succ == '2' }, ],
+
+  [ 'opt_not',  %q{ ! false }, ],
+  [ 'opt_neq', <<-'},', ],       # {
+    class X; def !; true; end; end
+    ! X.new
+  },
+
+  [ 'opt_regexpmatch2',  %q{ /true/ =~ 'true' && $~ }, ],
+  [ 'opt_regexpmatch2', <<-'},', ],       # {
+    class Regexp; def =~ other; true; end; end
+    /true/ =~ 'true'
+  },
+  [ 'opt_regexpmatch2',  %q{ 'true' =~ /true/ && $~ }, ],
+  [ 'opt_regexpmatch2', <<-'},', ],       # {
+    class String; def =~ other; true; end; end
+    'true' =~ /true/
+  },
+]
+
+# normal path
+tests.compact.each do |(insn, expr, *a)|
+  if a.last.is_a?(Hash)
+    a = a.dup
+    kw = a.pop
+    assert_equal 'true', expr, insn, *a, **kw
+  else
+    assert_equal 'true', expr, insn, *a
+  end
+end
+
+# with trace
+tests.compact.each {|(insn, expr, *a)|
+  progn = "set_trace_func(proc{})\n" + expr
+  if a.last.is_a?(Hash)
+    a = a.dup
+    kw = a.pop
+    assert_equal 'true', progn, 'trace_' + insn, *a, **kw
+  else
+    assert_equal 'true', progn, 'trace_' + insn, *a
+  end
+}
+
+assert_normal_exit("#{<<-"begin;"}\n#{<<-'end;'}")
+begin;
+  RubyVM::InstructionSequence.compile("", debug_level: 5)
+end;
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_io.rb b/bootstraptest/test_io.rb
index 7304aebc26..89c00d0b88 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_io.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_io.rb
@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ assert_finish 5, %q{
   r, w = IO.pipe
   t1 = Thread.new { r.sysread(1) }
   t2 = Thread.new { r.sysread(1) }
-  sleep 0.1
+  sleep 0.01 until t1.stop? and t2.stop?
   w.write "a"
-  sleep 0.1
   w.write "a"
 }, '[ruby-dev:31866]'
 
@@ -27,16 +26,16 @@ assert_finish 10, %q{
       t1.join
       t2.join
     end
-  rescue LoadError, TimeoutError, NotImplementedError
+  rescue LoadError, Timeout::Error, NotImplementedError
   end
 }, '[ruby-dev:32566]'
 
 assert_finish 1, %q{
   r, w = IO.pipe
   Thread.new {
-  w << "ab"
-  sleep 0.1
-  w << "ab"
+    w << "ab"
+    sleep 0.01
+    w << "ab"
   }
   r.gets("abab")
 }
@@ -74,6 +73,12 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   :ok
 }
 
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  dup = STDIN.dup
+  dupfd = dup.fileno
+  dupfd == STDIN.dup.fileno ? :ng : :ok
+}, '[ruby-dev:46834]'
+
 assert_normal_exit %q{
   ARGF.set_encoding "foo"
 }
@@ -85,7 +90,8 @@ assert_normal_exit %q{
     megacontent = "abc" * 12345678
     #File.open("megasrc", "w") {|f| f << megacontent }
 
-    Thread.new { sleep rand*0.2; Process.kill(:INT, $$) }
+    t0 = Thread.main
+    Thread.new { sleep 0.001 until t0.stop?; Process.kill(:INT, $$) }
 
     r1, w1 = IO.pipe
     r2, w2 = IO.pipe
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_jump.rb b/bootstraptest/test_jump.rb
index 595aaa7c4b..18a2737ea3 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_jump.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_jump.rb
@@ -146,15 +146,16 @@ assert_equal %q{131}, %q{
     end
   }
 }
-assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
+assert_match %r{Invalid retry}, %q{
+STDERR.reopen(STDOUT)
 begin
   eval %q{
     1.times{
       retry
     }
   }
-rescue SyntaxError
-  :ok
+rescue SyntaxError => e
+  e.message
 end
 }
 assert_equal %q{3}, %q{
@@ -295,14 +296,19 @@ assert_equal "true", %q{
   s.return_eigenclass == class << s; self; end
 }, '[ruby-core:21379]'
 
-assert_equal "true", %q{
-  class Object
-    def yield_eigenclass
-      class << self
-        yield self
+assert_match %r{Invalid yield}, %q{
+STDERR.reopen(STDOUT)
+begin
+  eval %q{
+    class Object
+      def yield_eigenclass
+        class << self
+          yield self
+        end
       end
     end
-  end
-  s = "foo"
-  s.yield_eigenclass {|c| c == class << s; self; end }
-}, '[ruby-dev:40975]'
+  }
+rescue SyntaxError => e
+  e.message
+end
+}
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_literal.rb b/bootstraptest/test_literal.rb
index ab028e2c1e..9b3c10d519 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_literal.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_literal.rb
@@ -15,17 +15,17 @@ assert_equal 'sym',             ':sym'
 assert_equal ':sym',            ':sym.inspect'
 assert_equal 'Symbol',          ':sym.class'
 assert_equal '1234',            '1234'
-assert_equal 'Fixnum',          '1234.class'
+assert_equal 'Integer',         '1234.class'
 assert_equal '1234',            '1_2_3_4'
-assert_equal 'Fixnum',          '1_2_3_4.class'
+assert_equal 'Integer',         '1_2_3_4.class'
 assert_equal '18',              '0x12'
-assert_equal 'Fixnum',          '0x12.class'
+assert_equal 'Integer',         '0x12.class'
 assert_equal '15',              '0o17'
-assert_equal 'Fixnum',          '0o17.class'
+assert_equal 'Integer',         '0o17.class'
 assert_equal '5',               '0b101'
-assert_equal 'Fixnum',          '0b101.class'
+assert_equal 'Integer',         '0b101.class'
 assert_equal '123456789012345678901234567890', '123456789012345678901234567890'
-assert_equal 'Bignum',          '123456789012345678901234567890.class'
+assert_equal 'Integer',         '123456789012345678901234567890.class'
 assert_equal '2.0',             '2.0'
 assert_equal 'Float',           '1.3.class'
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ assert_equal '0',               're = /test/; re =~ "test"'
 assert_equal '0',               'str = "test"; /test/ =~ str'
 assert_equal '0',               're = /test/; str = "test"; re =~ str'
 
-# dynacmi regexp
+# dynamic regexp
 assert_equal 'regexp',          %q(/re#{'ge'}xp/.source)
 assert_equal 'Regexp',          %q(/re#{'ge'}xp/.class)
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ assert_equal '[3]',             '[3].inspect'
 assert_equal '3',               'a = [3]; a[0]'
 assert_equal 'Array',           '[1,2].class'
 assert_equal '2',               '[1,2].size'
-assert_equal '[1, 2]',           '[1,2].inspect'
+assert_equal '[1, 2]',          '[1,2].inspect'
 assert_equal 'Array',           '[1,2,3,4,5].class'
 assert_equal '5',               '[1,2,3,4,5].size'
 assert_equal '[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]', '[1,2,3,4,5].inspect'
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ assert_equal 'a',               'r = ("a".."c"); r.begin'
 assert_equal 'c',               'r = ("a".."c"); r.end'
 
 assert_equal 'String',          '__FILE__.class'
-assert_equal 'Fixnum',          '__LINE__.class'
+assert_equal 'Integer',         '__LINE__.class'
 
 ###
 
@@ -200,3 +200,48 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   "#{}o""#{}k""#{}"
 }, '[ruby-core:25284]'
+
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{ #  long array literal
+  x = nil
+  eval "a = [#{(1..10_000).map{'x'}.join(", ")}]"
+  :ok
+}
+
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{ #  long array literal (optimized)
+  eval "a = [#{(1..10_000).to_a.join(", ")}]"
+  :ok
+}
+
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{ #  long hash literal
+  x = nil
+  eval "a = {#{(1..10_000).map{|n| "#{n} => x"}.join(', ')}}"
+  :ok
+}
+
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{ #  long hash literal (optimized)
+  eval "a = {#{(1..10_000).map{|n| "#{n} => #{n}"}.join(', ')}}"
+  :ok
+}
+
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{ #  Bug #15536
+  eval <<-END
+    {
+      **{
+        a0: nil, a1: nil, a2: nil, a3: nil, a4: nil, a5: nil, a6: nil, a7: nil, a8: nil,
+      },
+      a0: nil, a1: nil, a2: nil, a3: nil, a4: nil, a5: nil, a6: nil, a7: nil, a8: nil,
+      **{
+        c: nil
+      },
+      b0: nil, b1: nil, b2: nil, b3: nil, b4: nil, b5: nil, b6: nil, b7: nil, b8: nil,
+      b9: nil, b10: nil, b11: nil, b12: nil, b13: nil, b14: nil, b15: nil, b16: nil,
+      b17: nil, b18: nil, b19: nil, b20: nil, b21: nil,
+    }
+  END
+  :ok
+}
+
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  [print(:ok), exit] # void literal with side-effect
+  :dummy
+}
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_literal_suffix.rb b/bootstraptest/test_literal_suffix.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c36fa7078f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_literal_suffix.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# numbers with suffix
+assert_equal '0/1',             '0r'
+assert_equal 'Rational',        '0r.class'
+assert_equal '1/1',             '1r'
+assert_equal 'Rational',        '1r.class'
+assert_equal '-1/1',            '-1r'
+assert_equal 'Rational',        '(-1r).class'
+assert_equal '1/1',             '0x1r'
+assert_equal 'Rational',        '0x1r.class'
+assert_equal '1/1',             '0b1r'
+assert_equal 'Rational',        '0b1r.class'
+assert_equal '1/1',             '0d1r'
+assert_equal 'Rational',        '0d1r.class'
+assert_equal '1/1',             '0o1r'
+assert_equal 'Rational',        '0o1r.class'
+assert_equal '1/1',             '01r'
+assert_equal 'Rational',        '01r.class'
+assert_equal '6/5',             '1.2r'
+assert_equal 'Rational',        '1.2r.class'
+assert_equal '-6/5',            '-1.2r'
+assert_equal 'Rational',        '(-1.2r).class'
+assert_equal '0+0i',            '0i'
+assert_equal 'Complex',         '0i.class'
+assert_equal '0+1i',            '1i'
+assert_equal 'Complex',         '1i.class'
+assert_equal '0+1i',            '0x1i'
+assert_equal 'Complex',         '0x1i.class'
+assert_equal '0+1i',            '0b1i'
+assert_equal 'Complex',         '0b1i.class'
+assert_equal '0+1i',            '0d1i'
+assert_equal 'Complex',         '0d1i.class'
+assert_equal '0+1i',            '0o1i'
+assert_equal 'Complex',         '0o1i.class'
+assert_equal '0+1i',            '01i'
+assert_equal 'Complex',         '01i.class'
+assert_equal '0+1.2i',          '1.2i'
+assert_equal 'Complex',         '1.2i.class'
+assert_equal '0+1/1i',          '1ri'
+assert_equal 'Complex',         '1ri.class'
+assert_equal '0+6/5i',          '1.2ri'
+assert_equal 'Complex',         '1.2ri.class'
+assert_equal '0+10.0i',         '1e1i'
+assert_equal 'Complex',         '1e1i.class'
+assert_equal '1',               '1if true'
+assert_equal '1',               '1rescue nil'
+assert_equal '10000000000000000001/10000000000000000000',
+             '1.0000000000000000001r'
+
+assert_equal 'syntax error, unexpected local variable or method, expecting end-of-input',
+             %q{begin eval('1ir', nil, '', 0); rescue SyntaxError => e; e.message[/\A:(?:\d+:)? (.*)/, 1] end}
+assert_equal 'syntax error, unexpected local variable or method, expecting end-of-input',
+             %q{begin eval('1.2ir', nil, '', 0); rescue SyntaxError => e; e.message[/\A:(?:\d+:)? (.*)/, 1] end}
+assert_equal 'syntax error, unexpected local variable or method, expecting end-of-input',
+             %q{begin eval('1e1r', nil, '', 0); rescue SyntaxError => e; e.message[/\A:(?:\d+:)? (.*)/, 1] end}
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_method.rb b/bootstraptest/test_method.rb
index 2baf33539d..3462aa9434 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_method.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_method.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ assert_equal '1',       'def m() 1 end; m()'
 assert_equal '1',       'def m(a) a end; m(1)'
 assert_equal '[1, 2]',  'def m(a,b) [a, b] end; m(1,2)'
 assert_equal '[1, 2, 3]', 'def m(a,b,c) [a, b, c] end; m(1,2,3)'
-assert_equal 'wrong number of arguments (1 for 0)', %q{
+assert_match /\Awrong number of arguments \(.*\b1\b.* 0\)\z/, %q{
   def m; end
   begin
     m(1)
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ assert_equal 'wrong number of arguments (1 for 0)', %q{
   end
 }
 
-assert_equal 'wrong number of arguments (0 for 1)', %q{
+assert_match /\Awrong number of arguments \(.*\b0\b.* 1\)\z/, %q{
   def m a; end
   begin
     m
@@ -886,50 +886,6 @@ class C0; def m *args; [:C0_m, args]; end; end
 class C1 < C0; def m a, o=:o; super; end; end
 ; C1.new.m 1, 2}
 
-assert_equal %q{[:ok, :ok, :ok, :ok, :ok, :ok, :ng, :ng]}, %q{
-  $ans = []
-  class Foo
-    def m
-    end
-  end
-
-  c1 = c2 = nil
-
-  lambda{
-    $SAFE = 4
-    c1 = Class.new{
-      def m
-      end
-    }
-    c2 = Class.new(Foo){
-      alias mm m
-    }
-  }.call
-
-  def test
-    begin
-      yield
-    rescue SecurityError
-      $ans << :ok
-    else
-      $ans << :ng
-    end
-  end
-
-  o1 = c1.new
-  o2 = c2.new
-
-  test{o1.m}
-  test{o2.mm}
-  test{o1.send :m}
-  test{o2.send :mm}
-  test{o1.public_send :m}
-  test{o2.public_send :mm}
-  test{o1.method(:m).call}
-  test{o2.method(:mm).call}
-  $ans
-}
-
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   class C
     def x=(n)
@@ -954,34 +910,6 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 }, '[ruby-core:11998]'
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  proc{
-    $SAFE = 2
-    class C
-      def m
-        :ok
-      end
-    end
-  }.call
-  C.new.m
-}, '[ruby-core:11998]'
-
-assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  proc{
-    $SAFE = 3
-    class C
-      def m
-        :ng
-      end
-    end
-  }.call
-  begin
-    C.new.m
-  rescue SecurityError
-    :ok
-  end
-}, '[ruby-core:11998]'
-
-assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   class B
     def m() :fail end
   end
@@ -1001,8 +929,8 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 
 assert_normal_exit %q{
   begin
-    Process.setrlimit(Process::RLIMIT_STACK, 4_202_496)
-    # FreeBSD fails this less than 4M + 8K bytes.
+    Process.setrlimit(Process::RLIMIT_STACK, 4_206_592)
+    # FreeBSD SEGVs this less than 4M + 12K bytes.
   rescue Exception
     exit
   end
@@ -1184,3 +1112,81 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   'ok'
 }, '[ruby-core:30534]'
 
+# should not cache when splat
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  class C
+    attr_reader :a
+    def initialize
+      @a = 1
+    end
+  end
+
+  def m *args
+    C.new.a(*args)
+  end
+
+  m()
+  begin
+    m(1)
+  rescue ArgumentError
+    'ok'
+  end
+}
+
+assert_equal 'DC', %q{
+  $result = []
+
+  class C
+    def foo *args
+      $result << 'C'
+    end
+  end
+  class D
+    def foo *args
+      $result << 'D'
+    end
+  end
+
+  o1 = $o1 = C.new
+  o2 = $o2 = D.new
+
+  args = Object.new
+  def args.to_a
+    test1 $o2, nil
+    []
+  end
+  def test1 o, args
+    o.foo(*args)
+  end
+  test1 o1, args
+  $result.join
+}
+
+assert_equal 'DC', %q{
+  $result = []
+
+  class C
+    def foo *args
+      $result << 'C'
+    end
+  end
+  class D
+    def foo *args
+      $result << 'D'
+    end
+  end
+
+  o1 = $o1 = C.new
+  o2 = $o2 = D.new
+
+  block = Object.new
+  def block.to_proc
+    test2 $o2, %w(a, b, c), nil
+    Proc.new{}
+  end
+  def test2 o, args, block
+    o.foo(*args, &block)
+  end
+  test2 o1, [], block
+  $result.join
+}
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_objectspace.rb b/bootstraptest/test_objectspace.rb
index 862a94e376..63a8d99322 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_objectspace.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_objectspace.rb
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ assert_normal_exit %q{
 
 assert_normal_exit %q{
   ObjectSpace.define_finalizer("") do
-    Mutex.new.lock
+    Thread::Mutex.new.lock
   end
 }, '[ruby-dev:44049]'
 
@@ -44,3 +44,12 @@ assert_normal_exit %q{
     Thread.new {}
   end
 }, '[ruby-core:37858]'
+
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  objects_and_ids = 1000.times.map { o = Object.new; [o, o.object_id] }
+  objects_and_ids.each { |expected, id|
+    actual = ObjectSpace._id2ref(id)
+    raise "expected #{expected.inspect}, got #{actual.inspect}" unless actual.equal?(expected)
+  }
+  'ok'
+}
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_proc.rb b/bootstraptest/test_proc.rb
index dfe89033d8..637603243d 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_proc.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_proc.rb
@@ -224,19 +224,6 @@ assert_equal %q{[[nil, []], [1, []], [1, [2]], [1, [2, 3]]]}, %q{
   Proc.new{|a, *b| [a, b]}.call(1, 2, 3),
   ]
 }
-assert_equal %q{0}, %q{
-  pr = proc{
-    $SAFE
-  }
-  $SAFE = 1
-  pr.call
-}
-assert_equal %q{[1, 0]}, %q{
-  pr = proc{
-    $SAFE += 1
-  }
-  [pr.call, $SAFE]
-}
 assert_equal %q{1}, %q{
   def m(&b)
     b
@@ -380,8 +367,8 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   class Foo
-    def call_it
-      p = Proc.new
+    def call_it(&block)
+      p = Proc.new(&block)
       p.call
     end
   end
@@ -480,3 +467,4 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   end
   eval('yield', m)
 }, '[Bug #5634]'
+
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_ractor.rb b/bootstraptest/test_ractor.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d920c31b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_ractor.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,1444 @@
+# Ractor.current returns a current ractor
+assert_equal 'Ractor', %q{
+  Ractor.current.class
+}
+
+# Ractor.new returns new Ractor
+assert_equal 'Ractor', %q{
+  Ractor.new{}.class
+}
+
+# Ractor.allocate is not supported
+assert_equal "[:ok, :ok]", %q{
+  rs = []
+  begin
+    Ractor.allocate
+  rescue => e
+    rs << :ok if e.message == 'allocator undefined for Ractor'
+  end
+
+  begin
+    Ractor.new{}.dup
+  rescue
+    rs << :ok if e.message == 'allocator undefined for Ractor'
+  end
+
+  rs
+}
+
+# A Ractor can have a name
+assert_equal 'test-name', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new name: 'test-name' do
+  end
+  r.name
+}
+
+# If Ractor doesn't have a name, Ractor#name returns nil.
+assert_equal 'nil', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+  end
+  r.name.inspect
+}
+
+# Raises exceptions if initialize with an invalid name
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  begin
+    r = Ractor.new(name: [{}]) {}
+  rescue TypeError => e
+    'ok'
+  end
+}
+
+# Ractor.new must call with a block
+assert_equal "must be called with a block", %q{
+  begin
+    Ractor.new
+  rescue ArgumentError => e
+    e.message
+  end
+}
+
+# Ractor#inspect
+# Return only id and status for main ractor
+assert_equal "#<Ractor:#1 running>", %q{
+  Ractor.current.inspect
+}
+
+# Return id, loc, and status for no-name ractor
+assert_match /^#<Ractor:#([^ ]*?) .+:[0-9]+ terminated>$/, %q{
+  r = Ractor.new { '' }
+  r.take
+  sleep 0.1 until r.inspect =~ /terminated/
+  r.inspect
+}
+
+# Return id, name, loc, and status for named ractor
+assert_match /^#<Ractor:#([^ ]*?) Test Ractor .+:[0-9]+ terminated>$/, %q{
+  r = Ractor.new(name: 'Test Ractor') { '' }
+  r.take
+  sleep 0.1 until r.inspect =~ /terminated/
+  r.inspect
+}
+
+# A return value of a Ractor block will be a message from the Ractor.
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  # join
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    'ok'
+  end
+  r.take
+}
+
+# Passed arguments to Ractor.new will be a block parameter
+# The values are passed with Ractor-communication pass.
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  # ping-pong with arg
+  r = Ractor.new 'ok' do |msg|
+    msg
+  end
+  r.take
+}
+
+# Pass multiple arguments to Ractor.new
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  # ping-pong with two args
+  r =  Ractor.new 'ping', 'pong' do |msg, msg2|
+    [msg, msg2]
+  end
+  'ok' if r.take == ['ping', 'pong']
+}
+
+# Ractor#send passes an object with copy to a Ractor
+# and Ractor.receive in the Ractor block can receive the passed value.
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    msg = Ractor.receive
+  end
+  r.send 'ok'
+  r.take
+}
+
+# Ractor#receive_if can filter the message
+assert_equal '[2, 3, 1]', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new Ractor.current do |main|
+    main << 1
+    main << 2
+    main << 3
+  end
+  a = []
+  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 2}
+  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 3}
+  a << Ractor.receive
+}
+
+# Ractor#receive_if with break
+assert_equal '[2, [1, :break], 3]', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new Ractor.current do |main|
+    main << 1
+    main << 2
+    main << 3
+  end
+
+  a = []
+  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| msg == 2}
+  a << Ractor.receive_if{|msg| break [msg, :break]}
+  a << Ractor.receive
+}
+
+# Ractor#receive_if can't be called recursively
+assert_equal '[[:e1, 1], [:e2, 2]]', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new Ractor.current do |main|
+    main << 1
+    main << 2
+    main << 3
+  end
+
+  a = []
+
+  Ractor.receive_if do |msg|
+    begin
+      Ractor.receive
+    rescue Ractor::Error
+      a << [:e1, msg]
+    end
+    true # delete 1 from queue
+  end
+
+  Ractor.receive_if do |msg|
+    begin
+      Ractor.receive_if{}
+    rescue Ractor::Error
+      a << [:e2, msg]
+    end
+    true # delete 2 from queue
+  end
+
+  a #
+}
+
+# dtoa race condition
+assert_equal '[:ok, :ok, :ok]', %q{
+  n = 3
+  n.times.map{
+    Ractor.new{
+      10_000.times{ rand.to_s }
+      :ok
+    }
+  }.map(&:take)
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable issue for locals in proc [Bug #18023]
+assert_equal '[:a, :b, :c, :d, :e]', %q{
+  v1, v2, v3, v4, v5 = :a, :b, :c, :d, :e
+  closure = Proc.new { [v1, v2, v3, v4, v5] }
+
+  Ractor.make_shareable(closure).call
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable issue for locals in proc [Bug #18023]
+assert_equal '[:a, :b, :c, :d, :e, :f, :g]', %q{
+  a = :a
+  closure = -> {
+    b, c, d = :b, :c, :d
+    -> {
+      e, f, g = :e, :f, :g
+      -> { [a, b, c, d, e, f, g] }
+    }.call
+  }.call
+
+  Ractor.make_shareable(closure).call
+}
+
+###
+###
+# Ractor still has several memory corruption so skip huge number of tests
+if ENV['GITHUB_WORKFLOW'] &&
+   ENV['GITHUB_WORKFLOW'] == 'Compilations'
+   # ignore the follow
+else
+
+# Ractor.select(*ractors) receives a values from a ractors.
+# It is similar to select(2) and Go's select syntax.
+# The return value is [ch, received_value]
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  # select 1
+  r1 = Ractor.new{'r1'}
+  r, obj = Ractor.select(r1)
+  'ok' if r == r1 and obj == 'r1'
+}
+
+# Ractor.select from two ractors.
+assert_equal '["r1", "r2"]', %q{
+  # select 2
+  r1 = Ractor.new{'r1'}
+  r2 = Ractor.new{'r2'}
+  rs = [r1, r2]
+  as = []
+  r, obj = Ractor.select(*rs)
+  rs.delete(r)
+  as << obj
+  r, obj = Ractor.select(*rs)
+  as << obj
+  as.sort #=> ["r1", "r2"]
+}
+
+# Ractor.select from multiple ractors.
+assert_equal 30.times.map { 'ok' }.to_s, %q{
+  def test n
+    rs = (1..n).map do |i|
+      Ractor.new(i) do |i|
+        "r#{i}"
+      end
+    end
+    as = []
+    all_rs = rs.dup
+
+    n.times{
+      r, obj = Ractor.select(*rs)
+      as << [r, obj]
+      rs.delete(r)
+    }
+
+    if as.map{|r, o| r.object_id}.sort == all_rs.map{|r| r.object_id}.sort &&
+       as.map{|r, o| o}.sort == (1..n).map{|i| "r#{i}"}.sort
+      'ok'
+    else
+      'ng'
+    end
+  end
+
+  30.times.map{|i|
+    test i
+  }
+} unless ENV['RUN_OPTS'] =~ /--jit-min-calls=5/ # This always fails with --jit-wait --jit-min-calls=5
+
+# Exception for empty select
+assert_match /specify at least one ractor/, %q{
+  begin
+    Ractor.select
+  rescue ArgumentError => e
+    e.message
+  end
+}
+
+# Outgoing port of a ractor will be closed when the Ractor is terminated.
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    'finish'
+  end
+
+  r.take
+  sleep 0.1 until r.inspect =~ /terminated/
+
+  begin
+    o = r.take
+  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
+    'ok'
+  else
+    "ng: #{o}"
+  end
+}
+
+# Raise Ractor::ClosedError when try to send into a terminated ractor
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+  end
+
+  r.take # closed
+  sleep 0.1 until r.inspect =~ /terminated/
+
+  begin
+    r.send(1)
+  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
+    'ok'
+  else
+    'ng'
+  end
+}
+
+# Raise Ractor::ClosedError when try to send into a closed actor
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  r.close_incoming
+
+  begin
+    r.send(1)
+  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
+    'ok'
+  else
+    'ng'
+  end
+}
+
+# Raise Ractor::ClosedError when try to take from closed actor
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    Ractor.yield 1
+    Ractor.receive
+  end
+
+  r.close_outgoing
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
+    'ok'
+  else
+    'ng'
+  end
+}
+
+# Can mix with Thread#interrupt and Ractor#take [Bug #17366]
+assert_equal 'err', %q{
+  Ractor.new{
+    t = Thread.current
+    begin
+      Thread.new{ t.raise "err" }.join
+    rescue => e
+      e.message
+    end
+  }.take
+}
+
+# Killed Ractor's thread yields nil
+assert_equal 'nil', %q{
+  Ractor.new{
+    t = Thread.current
+    Thread.new{ t.kill }.join
+  }.take.inspect #=> nil
+}
+
+# Ractor.yield raises Ractor::ClosedError when outgoing port is closed.
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new Ractor.current do |main|
+    Ractor.receive
+    main << true
+    Ractor.yield 1
+  end
+
+  r.close_outgoing
+  r << true
+  Ractor.receive
+
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
+    'ok'
+  else
+    'ng'
+  end
+}
+
+# Raise Ractor::ClosedError when try to send into a ractor with closed incoming port
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new { Ractor.receive }
+  r.close_incoming
+
+  begin
+    r.send(1)
+  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
+    'ok'
+  else
+    'ng'
+  end
+}
+
+# A ractor with closed incoming port still can send messages out
+assert_equal '[1, 2]', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    Ractor.yield 1
+    2
+  end
+  r.close_incoming
+
+  [r.take, r.take]
+}
+
+# Raise Ractor::ClosedError when try to take from a ractor with closed outgoing port
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    Ractor.yield 1
+    Ractor.receive
+  end
+
+  sleep 0.01 # wait for Ractor.yield in r
+  r.close_outgoing
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
+    'ok'
+  else
+    'ng'
+  end
+}
+
+# A ractor with closed outgoing port still can receive messages from incoming port
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    Ractor.receive
+  end
+
+  r.close_outgoing
+  begin
+    r.send(1)
+  rescue Ractor::ClosedError
+    'ng'
+  else
+    'ok'
+  end
+}
+
+# Ractor.main returns main ractor
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  Ractor.new{
+    Ractor.main
+  }.take == Ractor.current
+}
+
+# a ractor with closed outgoing port should terminate
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  Ractor.new do
+    close_outgoing
+  end
+
+  true until Ractor.count == 1
+  :ok
+}
+
+# multiple Ractors can receive (wait) from one Ractor
+assert_equal '[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]', %q{
+  pipe = Ractor.new do
+    loop do
+      Ractor.yield Ractor.receive
+    end
+  end
+
+  RN = 10
+  rs = RN.times.map{|i|
+    Ractor.new pipe, i do |pipe, i|
+      msg = pipe.take
+      msg # ping-pong
+    end
+  }
+  RN.times{|i|
+    pipe << i
+  }
+  RN.times.map{
+    r, n = Ractor.select(*rs)
+    rs.delete r
+    n
+  }.sort
+}
+
+# Ractor.select also support multiple take, receive and yield
+assert_equal '[true, true, true]', %q{
+  RN = 10
+  CR = Ractor.current
+
+  rs = (1..RN).map{
+    Ractor.new do
+      CR.send 'send' + CR.take #=> 'sendyield'
+      'take'
+    end
+  }
+  received = []
+  take = []
+  yielded = []
+  until rs.empty?
+    r, v = Ractor.select(CR, *rs, yield_value: 'yield')
+    case r
+    when :receive
+      received << v
+    when :yield
+      yielded << v
+    else
+      take << v
+      rs.delete r
+    end
+  end
+  [received.all?('sendyield'), yielded.all?(nil), take.all?('take')]
+}
+
+# multiple Ractors can send to one Ractor
+assert_equal '[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]', %q{
+  pipe = Ractor.new do
+    loop do
+      Ractor.yield Ractor.receive
+    end
+  end
+
+  RN = 10
+  RN.times.map{|i|
+    Ractor.new pipe, i do |pipe, i|
+      pipe << i
+    end
+  }
+  RN.times.map{
+    pipe.take
+  }.sort
+}
+
+# an exception in a Ractor will be re-raised at Ractor#receive
+assert_equal '[RuntimeError, "ok", true]', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    raise 'ok' # exception will be transferred receiver
+  end
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    [e.cause.class,   #=> RuntimeError
+     e.cause.message, #=> 'ok'
+     e.ractor == r]   #=> true
+  end
+}
+
+# threads in a ractor will killed
+assert_equal '{:ok=>3}', %q{
+  Ractor.new Ractor.current do |main|
+    q = Queue.new
+    Thread.new do
+      q << true
+      loop{}
+    ensure
+      main << :ok
+    end
+
+    Thread.new do
+      q << true
+      while true
+      end
+    ensure
+      main << :ok
+    end
+
+    Thread.new do
+      q << true
+      sleep 1
+    ensure
+      main << :ok
+    end
+
+    # wait for the start of all threads
+    3.times{q.pop}
+  end
+
+  3.times.map{Ractor.receive}.tally
+}
+
+# unshareable object are copied
+assert_equal 'false', %q{
+  obj = 'str'.dup
+  r = Ractor.new obj do |msg|
+    msg.object_id
+  end
+
+  obj.object_id == r.take
+}
+
+# To copy the object, now Marshal#dump is used
+assert_equal "allocator undefined for Thread", %q{
+  obj = Thread.new{}
+  begin
+    r = Ractor.new obj do |msg|
+      msg
+    end
+  rescue TypeError => e
+    e.message #=> no _dump_data is defined for class Thread
+  else
+    'ng'
+  end
+}
+
+# send shareable and unshareable objects
+assert_equal "ok", %q{
+  echo_ractor = Ractor.new do
+    loop do
+      v = Ractor.receive
+      Ractor.yield v
+    end
+  end
+
+  class C; end
+  module M; end
+  S = Struct.new(:a, :b, :c, :d)
+
+  shareable_objects = [
+    true,
+    false,
+    nil,
+    1,
+    1.1,    # Float
+    1+2r,   # Rational
+    3+4i,   # Complex
+    2**128, # Bignum
+    :sym,   # Symbol
+    'xyzzy'.to_sym, # dynamic symbol
+    'frozen'.freeze, # frozen String
+    /regexp/, # regexp literal
+    /reg{true}exp/.freeze, # frozen dregexp
+    [1, 2].freeze,   # frozen Array which only refers to shareable
+    {a: 1}.freeze,   # frozen Hash which only refers to shareable
+    [{a: 1}.freeze, 'str'.freeze].freeze, # nested frozen container
+    S.new(1, 2).freeze, # frozen Struct
+    S.new(1, 2, 3, 4).freeze, # frozen Struct
+    (1..2), # Range on Struct
+    (1..),  # Range on Struct
+    (..1),  # Range on Struct
+    C, # class
+    M, # module
+    Ractor.current, # Ractor
+  ]
+
+  unshareable_objects = [
+    'mutable str'.dup,
+    [:array],
+    {hash: true},
+    S.new(1, 2),
+    S.new(1, 2, 3, 4),
+    S.new("a", 2).freeze, # frozen, but refers to an unshareable object
+  ]
+
+  results = []
+
+  shareable_objects.map{|o|
+    echo_ractor << o
+    o2 = echo_ractor.take
+    results << "#{o} is copied" unless o.object_id == o2.object_id
+  }
+
+  unshareable_objects.map{|o|
+    echo_ractor << o
+    o2 = echo_ractor.take
+    results << "#{o.inspect} is not copied" if o.object_id == o2.object_id
+  }
+
+  if results.empty?
+    :ok
+  else
+    results.inspect
+  end
+}
+
+# frozen Objects are shareable
+assert_equal [false, true, false].inspect, %q{
+  class C
+    def initialize freeze
+      @a = 1
+      @b = :sym
+      @c = 'frozen_str'
+      @c.freeze if freeze
+      @d = true
+    end
+  end
+
+  def check obj1
+    obj2 = Ractor.new obj1 do |obj|
+      obj
+    end.take
+
+    obj1.object_id == obj2.object_id
+  end
+
+  results = []
+  results << check(C.new(true))         # false
+  results << check(C.new(true).freeze)  # true
+  results << check(C.new(false).freeze) # false
+}
+
+# move example2: String
+# touching moved object causes an error
+assert_equal 'hello world', %q{
+  # move
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    obj = Ractor.receive
+    obj << ' world'
+  end
+
+  str = 'hello'
+  r.send str, move: true
+  modified = r.take
+
+  begin
+    str << ' exception' # raise Ractor::MovedError
+  rescue Ractor::MovedError
+    modified #=> 'hello world'
+  else
+    raise 'unreachable'
+  end
+}
+
+# move example2: Array
+assert_equal '[0, 1]', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    ary = Ractor.receive
+    ary << 1
+  end
+
+  a1 = [0]
+  r.send a1, move: true
+  a2 = r.take
+  begin
+    a1 << 2 # raise Ractor::MovedError
+  rescue Ractor::MovedError
+    a2.inspect
+  end
+}
+
+# move with yield
+assert_equal 'hello', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    Thread.current.report_on_exception = false
+    obj = 'hello'
+    Ractor.yield obj, move: true
+    obj << 'world'
+  end
+
+  str = r.take
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError
+    str #=> "hello"
+  end
+}
+
+# yield/move should not make moved object when the yield is not succeeded
+assert_equal '"str"', %q{
+  R = Ractor.new{}
+  M = Ractor.current
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    s = 'str'
+    selected_r, v = Ractor.select R, yield_value: s, move: true
+    raise if selected_r != R # taken from R
+    M.send s.inspect # s should not be a moved object
+  end
+
+  Ractor.receive
+}
+
+# yield/move can fail
+assert_equal "allocator undefined for Thread", %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    obj = Thread.new{}
+    Ractor.yield obj
+  rescue => e
+    e.message
+  end
+  r.take
+}
+
+# Access to global-variables are prohibited
+assert_equal 'can not access global variables $gv from non-main Ractors', %q{
+  $gv = 1
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    $gv
+  end
+
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# Access to global-variables are prohibited
+assert_equal 'can not access global variables $gv from non-main Ractors', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    $gv = 1
+  end
+
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# $stdin,out,err is Ractor local, but shared fds
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    [$stdin, $stdout, $stderr].map{|io|
+      [io.object_id, io.fileno]
+    }
+  end
+
+  [$stdin, $stdout, $stderr].zip(r.take){|io, (oid, fno)|
+    raise "should not be different object" if io.object_id == oid
+    raise "fd should be same" unless io.fileno == fno
+  }
+  'ok'
+}
+
+# $stdin,out,err belong to Ractor
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    $stdin.itself
+    $stdout.itself
+    $stderr.itself
+    'ok'
+  end
+
+  r.take
+}
+
+# $DEBUG, $VERBOSE are Ractor local
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  $DEBUG = true
+  $VERBOSE = true
+
+  def ractor_local_globals
+    /a(b)(c)d/ =~ 'abcd' # for $~
+    `echo foo` unless  /solaris/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM
+
+    {
+     # ractor-local (derived from created ractor): debug
+     '$DEBUG' => $DEBUG,
+     '$-d' => $-d,
+
+     # ractor-local (derived from created ractor): verbose
+     '$VERBOSE' => $VERBOSE,
+     '$-w' => $-w,
+     '$-W' => $-W,
+     '$-v' => $-v,
+
+     # process-local (readonly): other commandline parameters
+     '$-p' => $-p,
+     '$-l' => $-l,
+     '$-a' => $-a,
+
+     # process-local (readonly): getpid
+     '$$'  => $$,
+
+     # thread local: process result
+     '$?'  => $?,
+
+     # scope local: match
+     '$~'  => $~.inspect,
+     '$&'  => $&,
+     '$`'  => $`,
+     '$\''  => $',
+     '$+'  => $+,
+     '$1'  => $1,
+
+     # scope local: last line
+     '$_' => $_,
+
+     # scope local: last backtrace
+     '$@' => $@,
+     '$!' => $!,
+
+     # ractor local: stdin, out, err
+     '$stdin'  => $stdin.inspect,
+     '$stdout' => $stdout.inspect,
+     '$stderr' => $stderr.inspect,
+    }
+  end
+
+  h = Ractor.new do
+    ractor_local_globals
+  end.take
+  ractor_local_globals == h #=> true
+}
+
+# selfs are different objects
+assert_equal 'false', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    self.object_id
+  end
+  r.take == self.object_id #=> false
+}
+
+# self is a Ractor instance
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    self.object_id
+  end
+  r.object_id == r.take #=> true
+}
+
+# given block Proc will be isolated, so can not access outer variables.
+assert_equal 'ArgumentError', %q{
+  begin
+    a = true
+    r = Ractor.new do
+      a
+    end
+  rescue => e
+    e.class
+  end
+}
+
+# ivar in shareable-objects are not allowed to access from non-main Ractor
+assert_equal 'can not access instance variables of classes/modules from non-main Ractors', %q{
+  class C
+    @iv = 'str'
+  end
+
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    class C
+      p @iv
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# ivar in shareable-objects are not allowed to access from non-main Ractor
+assert_equal 'can not access instance variables of shareable objects from non-main Ractors', %q{
+  shared = Ractor.new{}
+  shared.instance_variable_set(:@iv, 'str')
+
+  r = Ractor.new shared do |shared|
+    p shared.instance_variable_get(:@iv)
+  end
+
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# ivar in shareable-objects are not allowed to access from non-main Ractor, by @iv (get)
+assert_equal 'can not access instance variables of shareable objects from non-main Ractors', %q{
+  class Ractor
+    def setup
+      @foo = ''
+    end
+
+    def foo
+      @foo
+    end
+  end
+
+  shared = Ractor.new{}
+  shared.setup
+
+  r = Ractor.new shared do |shared|
+    p shared.foo
+  end
+
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# ivar in shareable-objects are not allowed to access from non-main Ractor, by @iv (set)
+assert_equal 'can not access instance variables of shareable objects from non-main Ractors', %q{
+  class Ractor
+    def setup
+      @foo = ''
+    end
+  end
+
+  shared = Ractor.new{}
+
+  r = Ractor.new shared do |shared|
+    p shared.setup
+  end
+
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# But a shareable object is frozen, it is allowed to access ivars from non-main Ractor
+assert_equal '11', %q{
+  [Object.new, [], ].map{|obj|
+    obj.instance_variable_set('@a', 1)
+    Ractor.make_shareable obj = obj.freeze
+
+    Ractor.new obj do |obj|
+      obj.instance_variable_get('@a')
+    end.take.to_s
+  }.join
+}
+
+# cvar in shareable-objects are not allowed to access from non-main Ractor
+assert_equal 'can not access class variables from non-main Ractors', %q{
+  class C
+    @@cv = 'str'
+  end
+
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    class C
+      p @@cv
+    end
+  end
+
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# Getting non-shareable objects via constants by other Ractors is not allowed
+assert_equal 'can not access non-shareable objects in constant C::CONST by non-main Ractor.', %q{
+  class C
+    CONST = 'str'
+  end
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    C::CONST
+  end
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# Constant cache should care about non-sharable constants
+assert_equal "can not access non-shareable objects in constant Object::STR by non-main Ractor.", %q{
+  STR = "hello"
+  def str; STR; end
+  s = str() # fill const cache
+  begin
+    Ractor.new{ str() }.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# Setting non-shareable objects into constants by other Ractors is not allowed
+assert_equal 'can not set constants with non-shareable objects by non-main Ractors', %q{
+  class C
+  end
+  r = Ractor.new do
+    C::CONST = 'str'
+  end
+  begin
+    r.take
+  rescue Ractor::RemoteError => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# define_method is not allowed
+assert_equal "defined in a different Ractor", %q{
+  str = "foo"
+  define_method(:buggy){|i| str << "#{i}"}
+  begin
+    Ractor.new{buggy(10)}.take
+  rescue => e
+    e.cause.message
+  end
+}
+
+# Immutable Array and Hash are shareable, so it can be shared with constants
+assert_equal '[1000, 3]', %q{
+  A = Array.new(1000).freeze # [nil, ...]
+  H = {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}.freeze
+
+  Ractor.new{ [A.size, H.size] }.take
+}
+
+# Ractor.count
+assert_equal '[1, 4, 3, 2, 1]', %q{
+  counts = []
+  counts << Ractor.count
+  ractors = (1..3).map { Ractor.new { Ractor.receive } }
+  counts << Ractor.count
+
+  ractors[0].send('End 0').take
+  sleep 0.1 until ractors[0].inspect =~ /terminated/
+  counts << Ractor.count
+
+  ractors[1].send('End 1').take
+  sleep 0.1 until ractors[1].inspect =~ /terminated/
+  counts << Ractor.count
+
+  ractors[2].send('End 2').take
+  sleep 0.1 until ractors[2].inspect =~ /terminated/
+  counts << Ractor.count
+
+  counts.inspect
+}
+
+# ObjectSpace.each_object can not handle unshareable objects with Ractors
+assert_equal '0', %q{
+  Ractor.new{
+    n = 0
+    ObjectSpace.each_object{|o| n += 1 unless Ractor.shareable?(o)}
+    n
+  }.take
+}
+
+# ObjectSpace._id2ref can not handle unshareable objects with Ractors
+assert_equal 'ok', %q{
+  s = 'hello'
+
+  Ractor.new s.object_id do |id ;s|
+    begin
+      s = ObjectSpace._id2ref(id)
+    rescue => e
+      :ok
+    end
+  end.take
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable(obj)
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  class C
+    def initialize
+      @a = 'foo'
+      @b = 'bar'
+    end
+
+    def freeze
+      @c = [:freeze_called]
+      super
+    end
+
+    attr_reader :a, :b, :c
+  end
+  S = Struct.new(:s1, :s2)
+  str = "hello"
+  str.instance_variable_set("@iv", "hello")
+  /a/ =~ 'a'
+  m = $~
+  class N < Numeric
+    def /(other)
+      1
+    end
+  end
+  ary = []; ary << ary
+
+  a = [[1, ['2', '3']],
+       {Object.new => "hello"},
+       C.new,
+       S.new("x", "y"),
+       ("a".."b"),
+       str,
+       ary,             # cycle
+       /regexp/,
+       /#{'r'.upcase}/,
+       m,
+       Complex(N.new,0),
+       Rational(N.new,0),
+       true,
+       false,
+       nil,
+       1, 1.2, 1+3r, 1+4i, # Numeric
+  ]
+  Ractor.make_shareable(a)
+
+  # check all frozen
+  a.each{|o|
+    raise o.inspect unless o.frozen?
+
+    case o
+    when C
+      raise o.a.inspect unless o.a.frozen?
+      raise o.b.inspect unless o.b.frozen?
+      raise o.c.inspect unless o.c.frozen? && o.c == [:freeze_called]
+    when Rational
+      raise o.numerator.inspect unless o.numerator.frozen?
+    when Complex
+      raise o.real.inspect unless o.real.frozen?
+    when Array
+      if o[0] == 1
+        raise o[1][1].inspect unless o[1][1].frozen?
+      end
+    when Hash
+      o.each{|k, v|
+        raise k.inspect unless k.frozen?
+        raise v.inspect unless v.frozen?
+      }
+    end
+  }
+
+  Ractor.shareable?(a)
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable(obj) doesn't freeze shareable objects
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  r = Ractor.new{}
+  Ractor.make_shareable(a = [r])
+  [a.frozen?, a[0].frozen?] == [true, false]
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable(a_proc) makes a proc shareable.
+assert_equal 'true', %q{
+  a = [1, [2, 3], {a: "4"}]
+  pr = Proc.new do
+    a
+  end
+  Ractor.make_shareable(a) # referred value should be shareable
+  Ractor.make_shareable(pr)
+  Ractor.shareable?(pr)
+}
+
+# Ractor.shareable?(recursive_objects)
+assert_equal '[false, false]', %q{
+  y = []
+  x = [y, {}].freeze
+  y << x
+  y.freeze
+  [Ractor.shareable?(x), Ractor.shareable?(y)]
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable(recursive_objects)
+assert_equal '[:ok, false, false]', %q{
+  o = Object.new
+  def o.freeze; raise; end
+  y = []
+  x = [y, o].freeze
+  y << x
+  y.freeze
+  [(Ractor.make_shareable(x) rescue :ok), Ractor.shareable?(x), Ractor.shareable?(y)]
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable with Class/Module
+assert_equal '[C, M]', %q{
+  class C; end
+  module M; end
+
+  Ractor.make_shareable(ary = [C, M])
+}
+
+# define_method() can invoke different Ractor's proc if the proc is shareable.
+assert_equal '1', %q{
+  class C
+    a = 1
+    define_method "foo", Ractor.make_shareable(Proc.new{ a })
+    a = 2
+  end
+
+  Ractor.new{ C.new.foo }.take
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable(a_proc) makes a proc shareable.
+assert_equal 'can not make a Proc shareable because it accesses outer variables (a).', %q{
+  a = b = nil
+  pr = Proc.new do
+    c = b # assign to a is okay because c is block local variable
+          # reading b is okay
+    a = b # assign to a is not allowed #=> Ractor::Error
+  end
+
+  begin
+    Ractor.make_shareable(pr)
+  rescue => e
+    e.message
+  end
+}
+
+# Ractor.make_shareable(obj, copy: true) makes copied shareable object.
+assert_equal '[false, false, true, true]', %q{
+  r = []
+  o1 = [1, 2, ["3"]]
+
+  o2 = Ractor.make_shareable(o1, copy: true)
+  r << Ractor.shareable?(o1) # false
+  r << (o1.object_id == o2.object_id) # false
+
+  o3 = Ractor.make_shareable(o1)
+  r << Ractor.shareable?(o1) # true
+  r << (o1.object_id == o3.object_id) # false
+  r
+}
+
+# TracePoint with normal Proc should be Ractor local
+assert_equal '[4, 8]', %q{
+  rs = []
+  TracePoint.new(:line){|tp| rs << tp.lineno if tp.path == __FILE__}.enable do
+    Ractor.new{ # line 4
+      a = 1
+      b = 2
+    }.take
+    c = 3       # line 8
+  end
+  rs
+}
+
+# Ractor deep copies frozen objects (ary)
+assert_equal '[true, false]', %q{
+  Ractor.new([[]].freeze) { |ary|
+    [ary.frozen?, ary.first.frozen? ]
+  }.take
+}
+
+# Ractor deep copies frozen objects (str)
+assert_equal '[true, false]', %q{
+  s = String.new.instance_eval { @x = []; freeze}
+  Ractor.new(s) { |s|
+    [s.frozen?, s.instance_variable_get(:@x).frozen?]
+  }.take
+}
+
+# Can not trap with not isolated Proc on non-main ractor
+assert_equal '[:ok, :ok]', %q{
+  a = []
+  Ractor.new{
+    trap(:INT){p :ok}
+  }.take
+  a << :ok
+
+  begin
+    Ractor.new{
+      s = 'str'
+      trap(:INT){p s}
+    }.take
+  rescue => Ractor::RemoteError
+    a << :ok
+  end
+}
+
+# Ractor-local storage
+assert_equal '[nil, "b", "a"]', %q{
+  ans = []
+  Ractor.current[:key] = 'a'
+  r = Ractor.new{
+    Ractor.yield self[:key]
+    self[:key] = 'b'
+    self[:key]
+  }
+  ans << r.take
+  ans << r.take
+  ans << Ractor.current[:key]
+}
+
+###
+### Synchronization tests
+###
+
+N = 100_000
+
+# fstring pool
+assert_equal "#{N}#{N}", %Q{
+  N = #{N}
+  2.times.map{
+    Ractor.new{
+      N.times{|i| -(i.to_s)}
+    }
+  }.map{|r| r.take}.join
+}
+
+# enc_table
+assert_equal "#{N/10}", %Q{
+  Ractor.new do
+    loop do
+      Encoding.find("test-enc-#{rand(5_000)}").inspect
+    rescue ArgumentError => e
+    end
+  end
+
+  src = Encoding.find("UTF-8")
+  #{N/10}.times{|i|
+    src.replicate("test-enc-\#{i}")
+  }
+}
+
+# Generic ivtbl
+n = N/2
+assert_equal "#{n}#{n}", %Q{
+  2.times.map{
+    Ractor.new do
+      #{n}.times do
+        obj = ''
+        obj.instance_variable_set("@a", 1)
+        obj.instance_variable_set("@b", 1)
+        obj.instance_variable_set("@c", 1)
+        obj.instance_variable_defined?("@a")
+      end
+    end
+  }.map{|r| r.take}.join
+}
+
+# NameError
+assert_equal "ok", %q{
+  begin
+    bar
+  rescue => err
+  end
+  begin
+    Ractor.new{} << err
+  rescue TypeError
+    'ok'
+  end
+}
+
+# Can yield back values while GC is sweeping [Bug #18117]
+assert_equal "ok", %q{
+  workers = (0...8).map do
+    Ractor.new do
+      loop do
+        10_000.times.map { Object.new }
+        Ractor.yield Time.now
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  1_000.times { idle_worker, tmp_reporter = Ractor.select(*workers) }
+  "ok"
+}
+
+end # if !ENV['GITHUB_WORKFLOW']
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_string.rb b/bootstraptest/test_string.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..849dcd45b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_string.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+assert_normal_exit %q{
+  inspect.clear
+}, '[ruby-core:68110]'
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_syntax.rb b/bootstraptest/test_syntax.rb
index ef1c622ace..fa27bf2aeb 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_syntax.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_syntax.rb
@@ -268,8 +268,10 @@ assert_equal %q{}, %q{
   defined?(@@a)
 }
 assert_equal %q{class variable}, %q{
-  @@a = 1
-  defined?(@@a)
+  class A
+    @@a = 1
+    defined?(@@a)
+  end
 }
 assert_equal %q{}, %q{
   defined?($a)
@@ -376,6 +378,8 @@ assert_equal %q{1}, %q{1 or 2 or 3 or 4}
 assert_equal %q{1}, %q{1 or false or 3 or 4}
 assert_equal %q{2}, %q{nil or 2 or 3 or 4}
 assert_equal %q{2}, %q{false or 2 or 3 or 4}
+assert_equal %q{1}, %q{if true && ""; then 1; end}
+assert_equal %q{1}, %q{if nil || true; then 1; end}
 assert_equal %q{false}, %q{nil or false or nil or false}
 assert_equal %q{elseng}, %q{
   case
@@ -529,7 +533,7 @@ def assert_syntax_error expected, code, message = ''
 end
 assert_syntax_error "unterminated string meets end of file", '().."', '[ruby-dev:29732]'
 assert_equal %q{[]}, %q{$&;[]}, '[ruby-dev:31068]'
-assert_syntax_error "syntax error, unexpected tSTAR, expecting '}'", %q{{*0}}, '[ruby-dev:31072]'
+assert_syntax_error "syntax error, unexpected *, expecting '}'", %q{{*0}}, '[ruby-dev:31072]'
 assert_syntax_error "`@0' is not allowed as an instance variable name", %q{@0..0}, '[ruby-dev:31095]'
 assert_syntax_error "identifier $00 is not valid to get", %q{$00..0}, '[ruby-dev:31100]'
 assert_syntax_error "identifier $00 is not valid to set", %q{0..$00=1}
@@ -541,7 +545,7 @@ assert_equal %q{1}, %q{
 assert_syntax_error "Can't set variable $1", %q{0..$1=1}, '[ruby-dev:31118]'
 assert_valid_syntax %q{1.times{1+(1&&next)}}, '[ruby-dev:31119]'
 assert_valid_syntax %q{x=-1;loop{x+=1&&redo if (x+=1).zero?}}, '[ruby-dev:31119]'
-assert_syntax_error %q{syntax error, unexpected $end}, %q{!}, '[ruby-dev:31243]'
+assert_syntax_error %q{syntax error, unexpected end-of-input}, %q{!}, '[ruby-dev:31243]'
 assert_equal %q{[nil]}, %q{[()]}, '[ruby-dev:31252]'
 assert_equal %q{true}, %q{!_=()}, '[ruby-dev:31263]'
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{while true; redo; end if 1 == 2; :ok}, '[ruby-dev:31360]'
diff --git a/bootstraptest/test_thread.rb b/bootstraptest/test_thread.rb
index 2494cccbf3..38a55ff229 100644
--- a/bootstraptest/test_thread.rb
+++ b/bootstraptest/test_thread.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,14 @@
-# Thread and Fiber
+show_limit %q{
+  threads = []
+  begin
+    threads << Thread.new{sleep}
+
+    raise Exception, "skipping" if threads.count >= 10_000
+  rescue Exception => error
+    puts "Thread count: #{threads.count} (#{error})"
+    break
+  end while true
+} if false # disable to pass CI
 
 assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
   Thread.new{
@@ -10,7 +20,8 @@ assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
     :ok
   }.value
 }
-assert_equal %q{20100}, %q{
+assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
+begin
   v = 0
   (1..200).map{|i|
     Thread.new{
@@ -19,10 +30,14 @@ assert_equal %q{20100}, %q{
   }.each{|t|
     v += t.value
   }
-  v
+  v == 20100 ? :ok : v
+rescue ThreadError => e
+  :ok if /can't create Thread/ =~ e.message
+end
 }
-assert_equal %q{5000}, %q{
-  5000.times{|e|
+assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
+begin
+  :ok if 5000 == 5000.times{|e|
     (1..2).map{
       Thread.new{
       }
@@ -30,9 +45,13 @@ assert_equal %q{5000}, %q{
       e.join()
     }
   }
+rescue ThreadError => e
+  /can't create Thread/ =~ e.message ? :ok : e.message
+end
 }
-assert_equal %q{5000}, %q{
-  5000.times{|e|
+assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
+begin
+  :ok if 5000 == 5000.times{|e|
     (1..2).map{
       Thread.new{
       }
@@ -40,14 +59,21 @@ assert_equal %q{5000}, %q{
       e.join(1000000000)
     }
   }
+rescue ThreadError => e
+  /can't create Thread/ =~ e.message ? :ok : e.message
+end
 }
-assert_equal %q{5000}, %q{
-  5000.times{
+assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
+begin
+  :ok if 5000 == 5000.times{
     t = Thread.new{}
     while t.alive?
       Thread.pass
     end
   }
+rescue NoMemoryError
+  :ok
+end
 }
 assert_equal %q{100}, %q{
   100.times{
@@ -77,7 +103,7 @@ assert_equal %q{ok}, %q{
       ans = :ok
     end
   }
-  Thread.pass
+  Thread.pass until t.stop?
   t.kill
   t.join
   ans
@@ -189,18 +215,18 @@ assert_equal %q{11}, %q{
   }.value + Thread.current[:a]
 }
 assert_normal_exit %q{
-begin
-  100.times do |i|
-    begin
-      th = Thread.start(Thread.current) {|u| u.raise }
-      raise
-    rescue
-    ensure
-      th.join
+  begin
+    100.times do |i|
+      begin
+        th = Thread.start(Thread.current) {|u| u.raise }
+        raise
+      rescue
+      ensure
+        th.join
+      end
     end
+  rescue
   end
-rescue
-end
 }, '[ruby-dev:31371]'
 
 assert_equal 'true', %{
@@ -233,16 +259,16 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %{
 }
 
 assert_finish 3, %{
-  th = Thread.new {sleep 2}
-  th.join(1)
+  th = Thread.new {sleep 0.2}
+  th.join(0.1)
   th.join
 }
 
 assert_finish 3, %{
   require 'timeout'
-  th = Thread.new {sleep 2}
+  th = Thread.new {sleep 0.2}
   begin
-    Timeout.timeout(1) {th.join}
+    Timeout.timeout(0.1) {th.join}
   rescue Timeout::Error
   end
   th.join
@@ -267,8 +293,8 @@ assert_normal_exit %q{
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   def m
-    t = Thread.new { while true do // =~ "" end }
-    sleep 0.1
+    t = Thread.new { while true; // =~ "" end }
+    sleep 0.01
     10.times {
       if /((ab)*(ab)*)*(b)/ =~ "ab"*7
         return :ng if !$4
@@ -283,10 +309,6 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 }, '[ruby-dev:34492]'
 
 assert_normal_exit %q{
-  at_exit { Fiber.new{}.resume }
-}
-
-assert_normal_exit %q{
   g = enum_for(:local_variables)
   loop { g.next }
 }, '[ruby-dev:34128]'
@@ -312,10 +334,6 @@ assert_normal_exit %q{
 }, '[ruby-dev:34128]'
 
 assert_normal_exit %q{
-  Fiber.new(&Object.method(:class_eval)).resume("foo")
-}, '[ruby-dev:34128]'
-
-assert_normal_exit %q{
   Thread.new("foo", &Object.method(:class_eval)).join
 }, '[ruby-dev:34128]'
 
@@ -331,9 +349,10 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   begin
-    m1, m2 = Mutex.new, Mutex.new
-    Thread.new { m1.lock; sleep 1; m2.lock }
-    m2.lock; sleep 1; m1.lock
+    m1, m2 = Thread::Mutex.new, Thread::Mutex.new
+    f1 = f2 = false
+    Thread.new { m1.lock; f2 = true; sleep 0.001 until f1; m2.lock }
+    m2.lock; f1 = true; sleep 0.001 until f2; m1.lock
     :ng
   rescue Exception
     :ok
@@ -341,34 +360,34 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 }
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  m = Mutex.new
-  Thread.new { m.lock }; sleep 1; m.lock
+  m = Thread::Mutex.new
+  Thread.new { m.lock }; sleep 0.1; m.lock
   :ok
 }
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  m = Mutex.new
+  m = Thread::Mutex.new
   Thread.new { m.lock }; m.lock
   :ok
 }
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  m = Mutex.new
+  m = Thread::Mutex.new
   Thread.new { m.lock }.join; m.lock
   :ok
 }
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  m = Mutex.new
-  Thread.new { m.lock; sleep 2 }
-  sleep 1; m.lock
+  m = Thread::Mutex.new
+  Thread.new { m.lock; sleep 0.2 }
+  sleep 0.1; m.lock
   :ok
 }
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
-  m = Mutex.new
-  Thread.new { m.lock; sleep 2; m.unlock }
-  sleep 1; m.lock
+  m = Thread::Mutex.new
+  Thread.new { m.lock; sleep 0.2; m.unlock }
+  sleep 0.1; m.lock
   :ok
 }
 
@@ -380,7 +399,9 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   begin
-    10000.times { Thread.new(true) {|x| x == false } }
+    100.times{
+      (1..100).map{ Thread.new(true) {|x| x == false } }.each{|th| th.join}
+    }
   rescue NoMemoryError, StandardError
   end
   :ok
@@ -388,19 +409,20 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %q{
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %{
   open("zzz.rb", "w") do |f|
-    f.puts <<-END
+    f.puts <<-'end;' # do
       begin
-        m = Mutex.new
-        Thread.new { m.lock; sleep 1 }
-        sleep 0.3
+        m = Thread::Mutex.new
         parent = Thread.current
+        th1 = Thread.new { m.lock; sleep }
+        sleep 0.01 until th1.stop?
         Thread.new do
-          sleep 0.3
+          sleep 0.01 until parent.stop?
           begin
             fork { GC.start }
           rescue Exception
             parent.raise $!
           end
+          th1.run
         end
         m.lock
         pid, status = Process.wait2
@@ -408,7 +430,7 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %{
       rescue NotImplementedError
         $result = :ok
       end
-    END
+    end;
   end
   require "./zzz.rb"
   $result
@@ -417,8 +439,8 @@ assert_equal 'ok', %{
 assert_finish 3, %q{
   require 'thread'
 
-  lock = Mutex.new
-  cond = ConditionVariable.new
+  lock = Thread::Mutex.new
+  cond = Thread::ConditionVariable.new
   t = Thread.new do
     lock.synchronize do
       cond.wait(lock)
@@ -438,17 +460,41 @@ assert_finish 3, %q{
 
 assert_equal 'ok', %q{
   begin
-    Process.waitpid2(fork {sleep 1})[1].success? ? 'ok' : 'ng'
+    Process.waitpid2(fork {})[1].success? ? 'ok' : 'ng'
   rescue NotImplementedError
     'ok'
   end
 }
 
 assert_equal 'foo', %q{
-  f = proc {|s| /#{ sleep 1; s }/o }
-  [ Thread.new {            f.call("foo"); nil },
-    Thread.new { sleep 0.5; f.call("bar"); nil },
-  ].each {|t| t.join }
+  i = 0
+  Thread.start {sleep 1; exit!}
+  f = proc {|s, c| /#{c.call; s}/o }
+  th2 = Thread.new {
+    sleep 0.01 until i == 1
+    i = 2
+    f.call("bar", proc {sleep 2});
+    nil
+  }
+  th1 = Thread.new {
+    f.call("foo", proc {i = 1; sleep 0.01 until i == 2; sleep 0.01})
+    nil
+  }
+  [th1, th2].each {|t| t.join }
   GC.start
   f.call.source
 }
+assert_normal_exit %q{
+  class C
+    def inspect
+      sleep 0.5
+      'C!!'
+    end
+  end
+  Thread.new{
+    loop{
+      p C.new
+    }
+  }
+  sleep 0.1
+}, timeout: 5
diff --git a/builtin.c b/builtin.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c3653dab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin.c
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "vm_core.h"
+#include "iseq.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+
+#if CROSS_COMPILING
+
+#define INCLUDED_BY_BUILTIN_C 1
+#include "mini_builtin.c"
+
+#else
+
+#include "builtin_binary.inc"
+
+static const unsigned char *
+bin4feature(const struct builtin_binary *bb, const char *feature, size_t *psize)
+{
+    *psize = bb->bin_size;
+    return strcmp(bb->feature, feature) ? NULL : bb->bin;
+}
+
+static const unsigned char*
+builtin_lookup(const char *feature, size_t *psize)
+{
+    static int index = 0;
+    const unsigned char *bin = bin4feature(&builtin_binary[index++], feature, psize);
+
+    // usually, `builtin_binary` order is loading order at miniruby.
+    for (const struct builtin_binary *bb = &builtin_binary[0]; bb->feature &&! bin; bb++) {
+        bin = bin4feature(bb++, feature, psize);
+    }
+    return bin;
+}
+
+void
+rb_load_with_builtin_functions(const char *feature_name, const struct rb_builtin_function *table)
+{
+    // search binary
+    size_t size;
+    const unsigned char *bin = builtin_lookup(feature_name, &size);
+    if (! bin) {
+        rb_bug("builtin_lookup: can not find %s\n", feature_name);
+    }
+
+    // load binary
+    rb_vm_t *vm = GET_VM();
+    if (vm->builtin_function_table != NULL) rb_bug("vm->builtin_function_table should be NULL.");
+    vm->builtin_function_table = table;
+    vm->builtin_inline_index = 0;
+    const rb_iseq_t *iseq = rb_iseq_ibf_load_bytes((const char *)bin, size);
+    vm->builtin_function_table = NULL;
+
+    // exec
+    rb_iseq_eval(rb_iseq_check(iseq));
+}
+
+#endif
+
+void
+Init_builtin(void)
+{
+    // nothing
+}
+
+void
+Init_builtin_features(void)
+{
+    rb_load_with_builtin_functions("gem_prelude", NULL);
+}
diff --git a/builtin.h b/builtin.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b2f477654
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin.h
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#ifndef BUILTIN_H_INCLUDED
+#define BUILTIN_H_INCLUDED
+
+// invoke
+
+struct rb_builtin_function {
+    // for invocation
+    const void * const func_ptr;
+    const int argc;
+
+    // for load
+    const int index;
+    const char * const name;
+
+    // for jit
+    void (*compiler)(FILE *, long, unsigned, bool);
+};
+
+#define RB_BUILTIN_FUNCTION(_i, _name, _fname, _arity, _compiler) {\
+  .name = #_name, \
+  .func_ptr = (void *)_fname, \
+  .argc = _arity, \
+  .index = _i, \
+  .compiler = _compiler, \
+}
+
+void rb_load_with_builtin_functions(const char *feature_name, const struct rb_builtin_function *table);
+
+#ifndef rb_execution_context_t
+typedef struct rb_execution_context_struct rb_execution_context_t;
+#define rb_execution_context_t rb_execution_context_t
+#endif
+
+/* The following code is generated by the following Ruby script:
+
+16.times{|i|
+  args = (i > 0 ? ', ' : '') + (0...i).map{"VALUE"}.join(', ')
+  puts "static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity#{i}(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self#{args})){}"
+}
+*/
+
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity0(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity1(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity2(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity3(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity4(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity5(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity6(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity7(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity8(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity9(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity10(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity11(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity12(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity13(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity14(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+static inline void rb_builtin_function_check_arity15(VALUE (*f)(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE self, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)){}
+
+VALUE rb_vm_lvar_exposed(rb_execution_context_t *ec, int index);
+
+// __builtin_inline!
+
+PUREFUNC(static inline VALUE rb_vm_lvar(rb_execution_context_t *ec, int index));
+
+static inline VALUE
+rb_vm_lvar(rb_execution_context_t *ec, int index)
+{
+#if VM_CORE_H_EC_DEFINED
+    return ec->cfp->ep[index];
+#else
+    return rb_vm_lvar_exposed(ec, index);
+#endif
+}
+
+// dump/load
+
+struct builtin_binary {
+    const char *feature;          // feature name
+    const unsigned char *bin;     // binary by ISeq#to_binary
+    size_t bin_size;
+};
+
+#endif // BUILTIN_H_INCLUDED
diff --git a/ccan/build_assert/build_assert.h b/ccan/build_assert/build_assert.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a04d1d4709
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ccan/build_assert/build_assert.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/* CC0 (Public domain) - see ccan/licenses/CC0 file for details */
+#ifndef CCAN_BUILD_ASSERT_H
+#define CCAN_BUILD_ASSERT_H
+
+/**
+ * BUILD_ASSERT - assert a build-time dependency.
+ * @cond: the compile-time condition which must be true.
+ *
+ * Your compile will fail if the condition isn't true, or can't be evaluated
+ * by the compiler.  This can only be used within a function.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	#include <stddef.h>
+ *	...
+ *	static char *foo_to_char(struct foo *foo)
+ *	{
+ *		// This code needs string to be at start of foo.
+ *		BUILD_ASSERT(offsetof(struct foo, string) == 0);
+ *		return (char *)foo;
+ *	}
+ */
+#define BUILD_ASSERT(cond) \
+	do { (void) sizeof(char [1 - 2*!(cond)]); } while(0)
+
+/**
+ * BUILD_ASSERT_OR_ZERO - assert a build-time dependency, as an expression.
+ * @cond: the compile-time condition which must be true.
+ *
+ * Your compile will fail if the condition isn't true, or can't be evaluated
+ * by the compiler.  This can be used in an expression: its value is "0".
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	#define foo_to_char(foo)					\
+ *		 ((char *)(foo)						\
+ *		  + BUILD_ASSERT_OR_ZERO(offsetof(struct foo, string) == 0))
+ */
+#define BUILD_ASSERT_OR_ZERO(cond) \
+	(sizeof(char [1 - 2*!(cond)]) - 1)
+
+#endif /* CCAN_BUILD_ASSERT_H */
diff --git a/ccan/check_type/check_type.h b/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f77a535e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ccan/check_type/check_type.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/* CC0 (Public domain) - see ccan/licenses/CC0 file for details */
+#ifndef CCAN_CHECK_TYPE_H
+#define CCAN_CHECK_TYPE_H
+
+/**
+ * check_type - issue a warning or build failure if type is not correct.
+ * @expr: the expression whose type we should check (not evaluated).
+ * @type: the exact type we expect the expression to be.
+ *
+ * This macro is usually used within other macros to try to ensure that a macro
+ * argument is of the expected type.  No type promotion of the expression is
+ * done: an unsigned int is not the same as an int!
+ *
+ * check_type() always evaluates to 0.
+ *
+ * If your compiler does not support typeof, then the best we can do is fail
+ * to compile if the sizes of the types are unequal (a less complete check).
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	// They should always pass a 64-bit value to _set_some_value!
+ *	#define set_some_value(expr)			\
+ *		_set_some_value((check_type((expr), uint64_t), (expr)))
+ */
+
+/**
+ * check_types_match - issue a warning or build failure if types are not same.
+ * @expr1: the first expression (not evaluated).
+ * @expr2: the second expression (not evaluated).
+ *
+ * This macro is usually used within other macros to try to ensure that
+ * arguments are of identical types.  No type promotion of the expressions is
+ * done: an unsigned int is not the same as an int!
+ *
+ * check_types_match() always evaluates to 0.
+ *
+ * If your compiler does not support typeof, then the best we can do is fail
+ * to compile if the sizes of the types are unequal (a less complete check).
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	// Do subtraction to get to enclosing type, but make sure that
+ *	// pointer is of correct type for that member.
+ *	#define container_of(mbr_ptr, encl_type, mbr)			\
+ *		(check_types_match((mbr_ptr), &((encl_type *)0)->mbr),	\
+ *		 ((encl_type *)						\
+ *		  ((char *)(mbr_ptr) - offsetof(enclosing_type, mbr))))
+ */
+#if HAVE_TYPEOF
+#define check_type(expr, type)			\
+	((typeof(expr) *)0 != (type *)0)
+
+#define check_types_match(expr1, expr2)		\
+	((typeof(expr1) *)0 != (typeof(expr2) *)0)
+#else
+#include "ccan/build_assert/build_assert.h"
+/* Without typeof, we can only test the sizes. */
+#define check_type(expr, type)					\
+	BUILD_ASSERT_OR_ZERO(sizeof(expr) == sizeof(type))
+
+#define check_types_match(expr1, expr2)				\
+	BUILD_ASSERT_OR_ZERO(sizeof(expr1) == sizeof(expr2))
+#endif /* HAVE_TYPEOF */
+
+#endif /* CCAN_CHECK_TYPE_H */
diff --git a/ccan/container_of/container_of.h b/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae3e1fc81f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ccan/container_of/container_of.h
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/* CC0 (Public domain) - see ccan/licenses/CC0 file for details */
+#ifndef CCAN_CONTAINER_OF_H
+#define CCAN_CONTAINER_OF_H
+#include "ccan/check_type/check_type.h"
+
+/**
+ * container_of - get pointer to enclosing structure
+ * @member_ptr: pointer to the structure member
+ * @containing_type: the type this member is within
+ * @member: the name of this member within the structure.
+ *
+ * Given a pointer to a member of a structure, this macro does pointer
+ * subtraction to return the pointer to the enclosing type.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	struct foo {
+ *		int fielda, fieldb;
+ *		// ...
+ *	};
+ *	struct info {
+ *		int some_other_field;
+ *		struct foo my_foo;
+ *	};
+ *
+ *	static struct info *foo_to_info(struct foo *foo)
+ *	{
+ *		return container_of(foo, struct info, my_foo);
+ *	}
+ */
+#define container_of(member_ptr, containing_type, member)		\
+	 ((containing_type *)						\
+	  ((char *)(member_ptr)						\
+	   - container_off(containing_type, member))			\
+	  + check_types_match(*(member_ptr), ((containing_type *)0)->member))
+
+
+/**
+ * container_of_or_null - get pointer to enclosing structure, or NULL
+ * @member_ptr: pointer to the structure member
+ * @containing_type: the type this member is within
+ * @member: the name of this member within the structure.
+ *
+ * Given a pointer to a member of a structure, this macro does pointer
+ * subtraction to return the pointer to the enclosing type, unless it
+ * is given NULL, in which case it also returns NULL.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	struct foo {
+ *		int fielda, fieldb;
+ *		// ...
+ *	};
+ *	struct info {
+ *		int some_other_field;
+ *		struct foo my_foo;
+ *	};
+ *
+ *	static struct info *foo_to_info_allowing_null(struct foo *foo)
+ *	{
+ *		return container_of_or_null(foo, struct info, my_foo);
+ *	}
+ */
+static inline char *container_of_or_null_(void *member_ptr, size_t offset)
+{
+	return member_ptr ? (char *)member_ptr - offset : NULL;
+}
+#define container_of_or_null(member_ptr, containing_type, member)	\
+	((containing_type *)						\
+	 container_of_or_null_(member_ptr,				\
+			       container_off(containing_type, member))	\
+	 + check_types_match(*(member_ptr), ((containing_type *)0)->member))
+
+/**
+ * container_off - get offset to enclosing structure
+ * @containing_type: the type this member is within
+ * @member: the name of this member within the structure.
+ *
+ * Given a pointer to a member of a structure, this macro does
+ * typechecking and figures out the offset to the enclosing type.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	struct foo {
+ *		int fielda, fieldb;
+ *		// ...
+ *	};
+ *	struct info {
+ *		int some_other_field;
+ *		struct foo my_foo;
+ *	};
+ *
+ *	static struct info *foo_to_info(struct foo *foo)
+ *	{
+ *		size_t off = container_off(struct info, my_foo);
+ *		return (void *)((char *)foo - off);
+ *	}
+ */
+#define container_off(containing_type, member)	\
+	offsetof(containing_type, member)
+
+/**
+ * container_of_var - get pointer to enclosing structure using a variable
+ * @member_ptr: pointer to the structure member
+ * @container_var: a pointer of same type as this member's container
+ * @member: the name of this member within the structure.
+ *
+ * Given a pointer to a member of a structure, this macro does pointer
+ * subtraction to return the pointer to the enclosing type.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	static struct info *foo_to_i(struct foo *foo)
+ *	{
+ *		struct info *i = container_of_var(foo, i, my_foo);
+ *		return i;
+ *	}
+ */
+#if HAVE_TYPEOF
+#define container_of_var(member_ptr, container_var, member) \
+	container_of(member_ptr, typeof(*container_var), member)
+#else
+#define container_of_var(member_ptr, container_var, member)	\
+	((void *)((char *)(member_ptr)	-			\
+		  container_off_var(container_var, member)))
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * container_off_var - get offset of a field in enclosing structure
+ * @container_var: a pointer to a container structure
+ * @member: the name of a member within the structure.
+ *
+ * Given (any) pointer to a structure and a its member name, this
+ * macro does pointer subtraction to return offset of member in a
+ * structure memory layout.
+ *
+ */
+#if HAVE_TYPEOF
+#define container_off_var(var, member)		\
+	container_off(typeof(*var), member)
+#else
+#define container_off_var(var, member)			\
+	((const char *)&(var)->member - (const char *)(var))
+#endif
+
+#endif /* CCAN_CONTAINER_OF_H */
diff --git a/ccan/licenses/BSD-MIT b/ccan/licenses/BSD-MIT
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..89de354795
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ccan/licenses/BSD-MIT
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/ccan/licenses/CC0 b/ccan/licenses/CC0
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..feb9b118e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ccan/licenses/CC0
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Statement of Purpose
+
+The laws of most jurisdictions throughout the world automatically confer exclusive Copyright and Related Rights (defined below) upon the creator and subsequent owner(s) (each and all, an "owner") of an original work of authorship and/or a database (each, a "Work").
+
+Certain owners wish to permanently relinquish those rights to a Work for the purpose of contributing to a commons of creative, cultural and scientific works ("Commons") that the public can reliably and without fear of later claims of infringement build upon, modify, incorporate in other works, reuse and redistribute as freely as possible in any form whatsoever and for any purposes, including without limitation commercial purposes. These owners may contribute to the Commons to promote the ideal of a free culture and the further production of creative, cultural and scientific works, or to gain reputation or greater distribution for their Work in part through the use and efforts of others.
+
+For these and/or other purposes and motivations, and without any expectation of additional consideration or compensation, the person associating CC0 with a Work (the "Affirmer"), to the extent that he or she is an owner of Copyright and Related Rights in the Work, voluntarily elects to apply CC0 to the Work and publicly distribute the Work under its terms, with knowledge of his or her Copyright and Related Rights in the Work and the meaning and intended legal effect of CC0 on those rights.
+
+1. Copyright and Related Rights. A Work made available under CC0 may be protected by copyright and related or neighboring rights ("Copyright and Related Rights"). Copyright and Related Rights include, but are not limited to, the following:
+
+    the right to reproduce, adapt, distribute, perform, display, communicate, and translate a Work;
+    moral rights retained by the original author(s) and/or performer(s);
+    publicity and privacy rights pertaining to a person's image or likeness depicted in a Work;
+    rights protecting against unfair competition in regards to a Work, subject to the limitations in paragraph 4(a), below;
+    rights protecting the extraction, dissemination, use and reuse of data in a Work;
+    database rights (such as those arising under Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, and under any national implementation thereof, including any amended or successor version of such directive); and
+    other similar, equivalent or corresponding rights throughout the world based on applicable law or treaty, and any national implementations thereof.
+
+2. Waiver. To the greatest extent permitted by, but not in contravention of, applicable law, Affirmer hereby overtly, fully, permanently, irrevocably and unconditionally waives, abandons, and surrenders all of Affirmer's Copyright and Related Rights and associated claims and causes of action, whether now known or unknown (including existing as well as future claims and causes of action), in the Work (i) in all territories worldwide, (ii) for the maximum duration provided by applicable law or treaty (including future time extensions), (iii) in any current or future medium and for any number of copies, and (iv) for any purpose whatsoever, including without limitation commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the "Waiver"). Affirmer makes the Waiver for the benefit of each member of the public at large and to the detriment of Affirmer's heirs and successors, fully intending that such Waiver shall not be subject to revocation, rescission, cancellation, termination, or any other legal or equitable action to disrupt the quiet enjoyment of the Work by the public as contemplated by Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose.
+
+3. Public License Fallback. Should any part of the Waiver for any reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, then the Waiver shall be preserved to the maximum extent permitted taking into account Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose. In addition, to the extent the Waiver is so judged Affirmer hereby grants to each affected person a royalty-free, non transferable, non sublicensable, non exclusive, irrevocable and unconditional license to exercise Affirmer's Copyright and Related Rights in the Work (i) in all territories worldwide, (ii) for the maximum duration provided by applicable law or treaty (including future time extensions), (iii) in any current or future medium and for any number of copies, and (iv) for any purpose whatsoever, including without limitation commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the "License"). The License shall be deemed effective as of the date CC0 was applied by Affirmer to the Work. Should any part of the License for any reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, such partial invalidity or ineffectiveness shall not invalidate the remainder of the License, and in such case Affirmer hereby affirms that he or she will not (i) exercise any of his or her remaining Copyright and Related Rights in the Work or (ii) assert any associated claims and causes of action with respect to the Work, in either case contrary to Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose.
+
+4. Limitations and Disclaimers.
+
+    No trademark or patent rights held by Affirmer are waived, abandoned, surrendered, licensed or otherwise affected by this document.
+    Affirmer offers the Work as-is and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Work, express, implied, statutory or otherwise, including without limitation warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non infringement, or the absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the present or absence of errors, whether or not discoverable, all to the greatest extent permissible under applicable law.
+    Affirmer disclaims responsibility for clearing rights of other persons that may apply to the Work or any use thereof, including without limitation any person's Copyright and Related Rights in the Work. Further, Affirmer disclaims responsibility for obtaining any necessary consents, permissions or other rights required for any use of the Work.
+    Affirmer understands and acknowledges that Creative Commons is not a party to this document and has no duty or obligation with respect to this CC0 or use of the Work.
diff --git a/ccan/list/list.h b/ccan/list/list.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d219307bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ccan/list/list.h
@@ -0,0 +1,788 @@
+/* Licensed under BSD-MIT - see ccan/licenses/BSD-MIT file for details */
+#ifndef CCAN_LIST_H
+#define CCAN_LIST_H
+#include <assert.h>
+#include "ccan/str/str.h"
+#include "ccan/container_of/container_of.h"
+#include "ccan/check_type/check_type.h"
+
+/**
+ * struct list_node - an entry in a doubly-linked list
+ * @next: next entry (self if empty)
+ * @prev: previous entry (self if empty)
+ *
+ * This is used as an entry in a linked list.
+ * Example:
+ *	struct child {
+ *		const char *name;
+ *		// Linked list of all us children.
+ *		struct list_node list;
+ *	};
+ */
+struct list_node
+{
+	struct list_node *next, *prev;
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct list_head - the head of a doubly-linked list
+ * @h: the list_head (containing next and prev pointers)
+ *
+ * This is used as the head of a linked list.
+ * Example:
+ *	struct parent {
+ *		const char *name;
+ *		struct list_head children;
+ *		unsigned int num_children;
+ *	};
+ */
+struct list_head
+{
+	struct list_node n;
+};
+
+#define LIST_LOC __FILE__  ":" stringify(__LINE__)
+#define list_debug(h, loc) ((void)loc, h)
+#define list_debug_node(n, loc) ((void)loc, n)
+
+/**
+ * LIST_HEAD_INIT - initializer for an empty list_head
+ * @name: the name of the list.
+ *
+ * Explicit initializer for an empty list.
+ *
+ * See also:
+ *	LIST_HEAD, list_head_init()
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	static struct list_head my_list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(my_list);
+ */
+#define LIST_HEAD_INIT(name) { { &(name).n, &(name).n } }
+
+/**
+ * LIST_HEAD - define and initialize an empty list_head
+ * @name: the name of the list.
+ *
+ * The LIST_HEAD macro defines a list_head and initializes it to an empty
+ * list.  It can be prepended by "static" to define a static list_head.
+ *
+ * See also:
+ *	LIST_HEAD_INIT, list_head_init()
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	static LIST_HEAD(my_global_list);
+ */
+#define LIST_HEAD(name) \
+	struct list_head name = LIST_HEAD_INIT(name)
+
+/**
+ * list_head_init - initialize a list_head
+ * @h: the list_head to set to the empty list
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	...
+ *	struct parent *parent = malloc(sizeof(*parent));
+ *
+ *	list_head_init(&parent->children);
+ *	parent->num_children = 0;
+ */
+static inline void list_head_init(struct list_head *h)
+{
+	h->n.next = h->n.prev = &h->n;
+}
+
+/**
+ * list_node_init - initialize a list_node
+ * @n: the list_node to link to itself.
+ *
+ * You don't need to use this normally!  But it lets you list_del(@n)
+ * safely.
+ */
+static inline void list_node_init(struct list_node *n)
+{
+	n->next = n->prev = n;
+}
+
+/**
+ * list_add_after - add an entry after an existing node in a linked list
+ * @h: the list_head to add the node to (for debugging)
+ * @p: the existing list_node to add the node after
+ * @n: the new list_node to add to the list.
+ *
+ * The existing list_node must already be a member of the list.
+ * The new list_node does not need to be initialized; it will be overwritten.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	struct child c1, c2, c3;
+ *	LIST_HEAD(h);
+ *
+ *	list_add_tail(&h, &c1.list);
+ *	list_add_tail(&h, &c3.list);
+ *	list_add_after(&h, &c1.list, &c2.list);
+ */
+#define list_add_after(h, p, n) list_add_after_(h, p, n, LIST_LOC)
+static inline void list_add_after_(struct list_head *h,
+				   struct list_node *p,
+				   struct list_node *n,
+				   const char *abortstr)
+{
+	n->next = p->next;
+	n->prev = p;
+	p->next->prev = n;
+	p->next = n;
+	(void)list_debug(h, abortstr);
+}
+
+/**
+ * list_add - add an entry at the start of a linked list.
+ * @h: the list_head to add the node to
+ * @n: the list_node to add to the list.
+ *
+ * The list_node does not need to be initialized; it will be overwritten.
+ * Example:
+ *	struct child *child = malloc(sizeof(*child));
+ *
+ *	child->name = "marvin";
+ *	list_add(&parent->children, &child->list);
+ *	parent->num_children++;
+ */
+#define list_add(h, n) list_add_(h, n, LIST_LOC)
+static inline void list_add_(struct list_head *h,
+			     struct list_node *n,
+			     const char *abortstr)
+{
+	list_add_after_(h, &h->n, n, abortstr);
+}
+
+/**
+ * list_add_before - add an entry before an existing node in a linked list
+ * @h: the list_head to add the node to (for debugging)
+ * @p: the existing list_node to add the node before
+ * @n: the new list_node to add to the list.
+ *
+ * The existing list_node must already be a member of the list.
+ * The new list_node does not need to be initialized; it will be overwritten.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	list_head_init(&h);
+ *	list_add_tail(&h, &c1.list);
+ *	list_add_tail(&h, &c3.list);
+ *	list_add_before(&h, &c3.list, &c2.list);
+ */
+#define list_add_before(h, p, n) list_add_before_(h, p, n, LIST_LOC)
+static inline void list_add_before_(struct list_head *h,
+				    struct list_node *p,
+				    struct list_node *n,
+				    const char *abortstr)
+{
+	n->next = p;
+	n->prev = p->prev;
+	p->prev->next = n;
+	p->prev = n;
+	(void)list_debug(h, abortstr);
+}
+
+/**
+ * list_add_tail - add an entry at the end of a linked list.
+ * @h: the list_head to add the node to
+ * @n: the list_node to add to the list.
+ *
+ * The list_node does not need to be initialized; it will be overwritten.
+ * Example:
+ *	list_add_tail(&parent->children, &child->list);
+ *	parent->num_children++;
+ */
+#define list_add_tail(h, n) list_add_tail_(h, n, LIST_LOC)
+static inline void list_add_tail_(struct list_head *h,
+				  struct list_node *n,
+				  const char *abortstr)
+{
+	list_add_before_(h, &h->n, n, abortstr);
+}
+
+/**
+ * list_empty - is a list empty?
+ * @h: the list_head
+ *
+ * If the list is empty, returns true.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	assert(list_empty(&parent->children) == (parent->num_children == 0));
+ */
+#define list_empty(h) list_empty_(h, LIST_LOC)
+static inline int list_empty_(const struct list_head *h, const char* abortstr)
+{
+	(void)list_debug(h, abortstr);
+	return h->n.next == &h->n;
+}
+
+/**
+ * list_empty_nodebug - is a list empty (and don't perform debug checks)?
+ * @h: the list_head
+ *
+ * If the list is empty, returns true.
+ * This differs from list_empty() in that if CCAN_LIST_DEBUG is set it
+ * will NOT perform debug checks. Only use this function if you REALLY
+ * know what you're doing.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	assert(list_empty_nodebug(&parent->children) == (parent->num_children == 0));
+ */
+#ifndef CCAN_LIST_DEBUG
+#define list_empty_nodebug(h) list_empty(h)
+#else
+static inline int list_empty_nodebug(const struct list_head *h)
+{
+	return h->n.next == &h->n;
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * list_empty_nocheck - is a list empty?
+ * @h: the list_head
+ *
+ * If the list is empty, returns true. This doesn't perform any
+ * debug check for list consistency, so it can be called without
+ * locks, racing with the list being modified. This is ok for
+ * checks where an incorrect result is not an issue (optimized
+ * bail out path for example).
+ */
+static inline bool list_empty_nocheck(const struct list_head *h)
+{
+	return h->n.next == &h->n;
+}
+
+/**
+ * list_del - delete an entry from an (unknown) linked list.
+ * @n: the list_node to delete from the list.
+ *
+ * Note that this leaves @n in an undefined state; it can be added to
+ * another list, but not deleted again.
+ *
+ * See also:
+ *	list_del_from(), list_del_init()
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	list_del(&child->list);
+ *	parent->num_children--;
+ */
+#define list_del(n) list_del_(n, LIST_LOC)
+static inline void list_del_(struct list_node *n, const char* abortstr)
+{
+	(void)list_debug_node(n, abortstr);
+	n->next->prev = n->prev;
+	n->prev->next = n->next;
+#ifdef CCAN_LIST_DEBUG
+	/* Catch use-after-del. */
+	n->next = n->prev = NULL;
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * list_del_init - delete a node, and reset it so it can be deleted again.
+ * @n: the list_node to be deleted.
+ *
+ * list_del(@n) or list_del_init() again after this will be safe,
+ * which can be useful in some cases.
+ *
+ * See also:
+ *	list_del_from(), list_del()
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	list_del_init(&child->list);
+ *	parent->num_children--;
+ */
+#define list_del_init(n) list_del_init_(n, LIST_LOC)
+static inline void list_del_init_(struct list_node *n, const char *abortstr)
+{
+	list_del_(n, abortstr);
+	list_node_init(n);
+}
+
+/**
+ * list_del_from - delete an entry from a known linked list.
+ * @h: the list_head the node is in.
+ * @n: the list_node to delete from the list.
+ *
+ * This explicitly indicates which list a node is expected to be in,
+ * which is better documentation and can catch more bugs.
+ *
+ * See also: list_del()
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	list_del_from(&parent->children, &child->list);
+ *	parent->num_children--;
+ */
+static inline void list_del_from(struct list_head *h, struct list_node *n)
+{
+#ifdef CCAN_LIST_DEBUG
+	{
+		/* Thorough check: make sure it was in list! */
+		struct list_node *i;
+		for (i = h->n.next; i != n; i = i->next)
+			assert(i != &h->n);
+	}
+#endif /* CCAN_LIST_DEBUG */
+
+	/* Quick test that catches a surprising number of bugs. */
+	assert(!list_empty(h));
+	list_del(n);
+}
+
+/**
+ * list_swap - swap out an entry from an (unknown) linked list for a new one.
+ * @o: the list_node to replace from the list.
+ * @n: the list_node to insert in place of the old one.
+ *
+ * Note that this leaves @o in an undefined state; it can be added to
+ * another list, but not deleted/swapped again.
+ *
+ * See also:
+ *	list_del()
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	struct child x1, x2;
+ *	LIST_HEAD(xh);
+ *
+ *	list_add(&xh, &x1.list);
+ *	list_swap(&x1.list, &x2.list);
+ */
+#define list_swap(o, n) list_swap_(o, n, LIST_LOC)
+static inline void list_swap_(struct list_node *o,
+			      struct list_node *n,
+			      const char* abortstr)
+{
+	(void)list_debug_node(o, abortstr);
+	*n = *o;
+	n->next->prev = n;
+	n->prev->next = n;
+#ifdef CCAN_LIST_DEBUG
+	/* Catch use-after-del. */
+	o->next = o->prev = NULL;
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * list_entry - convert a list_node back into the structure containing it.
+ * @n: the list_node
+ * @type: the type of the entry
+ * @member: the list_node member of the type
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	// First list entry is children.next; convert back to child.
+ *	child = list_entry(parent->children.n.next, struct child, list);
+ *
+ * See Also:
+ *	list_top(), list_for_each()
+ */
+#define list_entry(n, type, member) container_of(n, type, member)
+
+/**
+ * list_top - get the first entry in a list
+ * @h: the list_head
+ * @type: the type of the entry
+ * @member: the list_node member of the type
+ *
+ * If the list is empty, returns NULL.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	struct child *first;
+ *	first = list_top(&parent->children, struct child, list);
+ *	if (!first)
+ *		printf("Empty list!\n");
+ */
+#define list_top(h, type, member)					\
+	((type *)list_top_((h), list_off_(type, member)))
+
+static inline const void *list_top_(const struct list_head *h, size_t off)
+{
+	if (list_empty(h))
+		return NULL;
+	return (const char *)h->n.next - off;
+}
+
+/**
+ * list_pop - remove the first entry in a list
+ * @h: the list_head
+ * @type: the type of the entry
+ * @member: the list_node member of the type
+ *
+ * If the list is empty, returns NULL.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	struct child *one;
+ *	one = list_pop(&parent->children, struct child, list);
+ *	if (!one)
+ *		printf("Empty list!\n");
+ */
+#define list_pop(h, type, member)					\
+	((type *)list_pop_((h), list_off_(type, member)))
+
+static inline const void *list_pop_(const struct list_head *h, size_t off)
+{
+	struct list_node *n;
+
+	if (list_empty(h))
+		return NULL;
+	n = h->n.next;
+	list_del(n);
+	return (const char *)n - off;
+}
+
+/**
+ * list_tail - get the last entry in a list
+ * @h: the list_head
+ * @type: the type of the entry
+ * @member: the list_node member of the type
+ *
+ * If the list is empty, returns NULL.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	struct child *last;
+ *	last = list_tail(&parent->children, struct child, list);
+ *	if (!last)
+ *		printf("Empty list!\n");
+ */
+#define list_tail(h, type, member) \
+	((type *)list_tail_((h), list_off_(type, member)))
+
+static inline const void *list_tail_(const struct list_head *h, size_t off)
+{
+	if (list_empty(h))
+		return NULL;
+	return (const char *)h->n.prev - off;
+}
+
+/**
+ * list_for_each - iterate through a list.
+ * @h: the list_head (warning: evaluated multiple times!)
+ * @i: the structure containing the list_node
+ * @member: the list_node member of the structure
+ *
+ * This is a convenient wrapper to iterate @i over the entire list.  It's
+ * a for loop, so you can break and continue as normal.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	list_for_each(&parent->children, child, list)
+ *		printf("Name: %s\n", child->name);
+ */
+#define list_for_each(h, i, member)					\
+	list_for_each_off(h, i, list_off_var_(i, member))
+
+/**
+ * list_for_each_rev - iterate through a list backwards.
+ * @h: the list_head
+ * @i: the structure containing the list_node
+ * @member: the list_node member of the structure
+ *
+ * This is a convenient wrapper to iterate @i over the entire list.  It's
+ * a for loop, so you can break and continue as normal.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	list_for_each_rev(&parent->children, child, list)
+ *		printf("Name: %s\n", child->name);
+ */
+#define list_for_each_rev(h, i, member)					\
+	list_for_each_rev_off(h, i, list_off_var_(i, member))
+
+/**
+ * list_for_each_rev_safe - iterate through a list backwards,
+ * maybe during deletion
+ * @h: the list_head
+ * @i: the structure containing the list_node
+ * @nxt: the structure containing the list_node
+ * @member: the list_node member of the structure
+ *
+ * This is a convenient wrapper to iterate @i over the entire list backwards.
+ * It's a for loop, so you can break and continue as normal.  The extra
+ * variable * @nxt is used to hold the next element, so you can delete @i
+ * from the list.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	struct child *next;
+ *	list_for_each_rev_safe(&parent->children, child, next, list) {
+ *		printf("Name: %s\n", child->name);
+ *	}
+ */
+#define list_for_each_rev_safe(h, i, nxt, member)			\
+	list_for_each_rev_safe_off(h, i, nxt, list_off_var_(i, member))
+
+/**
+ * list_for_each_safe - iterate through a list, maybe during deletion
+ * @h: the list_head
+ * @i: the structure containing the list_node
+ * @nxt: the structure containing the list_node
+ * @member: the list_node member of the structure
+ *
+ * This is a convenient wrapper to iterate @i over the entire list.  It's
+ * a for loop, so you can break and continue as normal.  The extra variable
+ * @nxt is used to hold the next element, so you can delete @i from the list.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	list_for_each_safe(&parent->children, child, next, list) {
+ *		list_del(&child->list);
+ *		parent->num_children--;
+ *	}
+ */
+#define list_for_each_safe(h, i, nxt, member)				\
+	list_for_each_safe_off(h, i, nxt, list_off_var_(i, member))
+
+/**
+ * list_next - get the next entry in a list
+ * @h: the list_head
+ * @i: a pointer to an entry in the list.
+ * @member: the list_node member of the structure
+ *
+ * If @i was the last entry in the list, returns NULL.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	struct child *second;
+ *	second = list_next(&parent->children, first, list);
+ *	if (!second)
+ *		printf("No second child!\n");
+ */
+#define list_next(h, i, member)						\
+	((list_typeof(i))list_entry_or_null(list_debug(h,		\
+					    __FILE__ ":" stringify(__LINE__)), \
+					    (i)->member.next,		\
+					    list_off_var_((i), member)))
+
+/**
+ * list_prev - get the previous entry in a list
+ * @h: the list_head
+ * @i: a pointer to an entry in the list.
+ * @member: the list_node member of the structure
+ *
+ * If @i was the first entry in the list, returns NULL.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	first = list_prev(&parent->children, second, list);
+ *	if (!first)
+ *		printf("Can't go back to first child?!\n");
+ */
+#define list_prev(h, i, member)						\
+	((list_typeof(i))list_entry_or_null(list_debug(h,		\
+					    __FILE__ ":" stringify(__LINE__)), \
+					    (i)->member.prev,		\
+					    list_off_var_((i), member)))
+
+/**
+ * list_append_list - empty one list onto the end of another.
+ * @to: the list to append into
+ * @from: the list to empty.
+ *
+ * This takes the entire contents of @from and moves it to the end of
+ * @to.  After this @from will be empty.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	struct list_head adopter;
+ *
+ *	list_append_list(&adopter, &parent->children);
+ *	assert(list_empty(&parent->children));
+ *	parent->num_children = 0;
+ */
+#define list_append_list(t, f) list_append_list_(t, f,			\
+				   __FILE__ ":" stringify(__LINE__))
+static inline void list_append_list_(struct list_head *to,
+				     struct list_head *from,
+				     const char *abortstr)
+{
+	struct list_node *from_tail = list_debug(from, abortstr)->n.prev;
+	struct list_node *to_tail = list_debug(to, abortstr)->n.prev;
+
+	/* Sew in head and entire list. */
+	to->n.prev = from_tail;
+	from_tail->next = &to->n;
+	to_tail->next = &from->n;
+	from->n.prev = to_tail;
+
+	/* Now remove head. */
+	list_del(&from->n);
+	list_head_init(from);
+}
+
+/**
+ * list_prepend_list - empty one list into the start of another.
+ * @to: the list to prepend into
+ * @from: the list to empty.
+ *
+ * This takes the entire contents of @from and moves it to the start
+ * of @to.  After this @from will be empty.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	list_prepend_list(&adopter, &parent->children);
+ *	assert(list_empty(&parent->children));
+ *	parent->num_children = 0;
+ */
+#define list_prepend_list(t, f) list_prepend_list_(t, f, LIST_LOC)
+static inline void list_prepend_list_(struct list_head *to,
+				      struct list_head *from,
+				      const char *abortstr)
+{
+	struct list_node *from_tail = list_debug(from, abortstr)->n.prev;
+	struct list_node *to_head = list_debug(to, abortstr)->n.next;
+
+	/* Sew in head and entire list. */
+	to->n.next = &from->n;
+	from->n.prev = &to->n;
+	to_head->prev = from_tail;
+	from_tail->next = to_head;
+
+	/* Now remove head. */
+	list_del(&from->n);
+	list_head_init(from);
+}
+
+/* internal macros, do not use directly */
+#define list_for_each_off_dir_(h, i, off, dir)				\
+	for (i = list_node_to_off_(list_debug(h, LIST_LOC)->n.dir,	\
+				   (off));				\
+	list_node_from_off_((void *)i, (off)) != &(h)->n;		\
+	i = list_node_to_off_(list_node_from_off_((void *)i, (off))->dir, \
+			      (off)))
+
+#define list_for_each_safe_off_dir_(h, i, nxt, off, dir)		\
+	for (i = list_node_to_off_(list_debug(h, LIST_LOC)->n.dir,	\
+				   (off)),				\
+	nxt = list_node_to_off_(list_node_from_off_(i, (off))->dir,	\
+				(off));					\
+	list_node_from_off_(i, (off)) != &(h)->n;			\
+	i = nxt,							\
+	nxt = list_node_to_off_(list_node_from_off_(i, (off))->dir,	\
+				(off)))
+
+/**
+ * list_for_each_off - iterate through a list of memory regions.
+ * @h: the list_head
+ * @i: the pointer to a memory region which contains list node data.
+ * @off: offset(relative to @i) at which list node data resides.
+ *
+ * This is a low-level wrapper to iterate @i over the entire list, used to
+ * implement all oher, more high-level, for-each constructs. It's a for loop,
+ * so you can break and continue as normal.
+ *
+ * WARNING! Being the low-level macro that it is, this wrapper doesn't know
+ * nor care about the type of @i. The only assumption made is that @i points
+ * to a chunk of memory that at some @offset, relative to @i, contains a
+ * properly filled `struct list_node' which in turn contains pointers to
+ * memory chunks and it's turtles all the way down. With all that in mind
+ * remember that given the wrong pointer/offset couple this macro will
+ * happily churn all you memory until SEGFAULT stops it, in other words
+ * caveat emptor.
+ *
+ * It is worth mentioning that one of legitimate use-cases for that wrapper
+ * is operation on opaque types with known offset for `struct list_node'
+ * member(preferably 0), because it allows you not to disclose the type of
+ * @i.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	list_for_each_off(&parent->children, child,
+ *				offsetof(struct child, list))
+ *		printf("Name: %s\n", child->name);
+ */
+#define list_for_each_off(h, i, off)                                    \
+	list_for_each_off_dir_((h),(i),(off),next)
+
+/**
+ * list_for_each_rev_off - iterate through a list of memory regions backwards
+ * @h: the list_head
+ * @i: the pointer to a memory region which contains list node data.
+ * @off: offset(relative to @i) at which list node data resides.
+ *
+ * See list_for_each_off for details
+ */
+#define list_for_each_rev_off(h, i, off)                                    \
+	list_for_each_off_dir_((h),(i),(off),prev)
+
+/**
+ * list_for_each_safe_off - iterate through a list of memory regions, maybe
+ * during deletion
+ * @h: the list_head
+ * @i: the pointer to a memory region which contains list node data.
+ * @nxt: the structure containing the list_node
+ * @off: offset(relative to @i) at which list node data resides.
+ *
+ * For details see `list_for_each_off' and `list_for_each_safe'
+ * descriptions.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	list_for_each_safe_off(&parent->children, child,
+ *		next, offsetof(struct child, list))
+ *		printf("Name: %s\n", child->name);
+ */
+#define list_for_each_safe_off(h, i, nxt, off)                          \
+	list_for_each_safe_off_dir_((h),(i),(nxt),(off),next)
+
+/**
+ * list_for_each_rev_safe_off - iterate backwards through a list of
+ * memory regions, maybe during deletion
+ * @h: the list_head
+ * @i: the pointer to a memory region which contains list node data.
+ * @nxt: the structure containing the list_node
+ * @off: offset(relative to @i) at which list node data resides.
+ *
+ * For details see `list_for_each_rev_off' and `list_for_each_rev_safe'
+ * descriptions.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	list_for_each_rev_safe_off(&parent->children, child,
+ *		next, offsetof(struct child, list))
+ *		printf("Name: %s\n", child->name);
+ */
+#define list_for_each_rev_safe_off(h, i, nxt, off)                      \
+	list_for_each_safe_off_dir_((h),(i),(nxt),(off),prev)
+
+/* Other -off variants. */
+#define list_entry_off(n, type, off)		\
+	((type *)list_node_from_off_((n), (off)))
+
+#define list_head_off(h, type, off)		\
+	((type *)list_head_off((h), (off)))
+
+#define list_tail_off(h, type, off)		\
+	((type *)list_tail_((h), (off)))
+
+#define list_add_off(h, n, off)                 \
+	list_add((h), list_node_from_off_((n), (off)))
+
+#define list_del_off(n, off)                    \
+	list_del(list_node_from_off_((n), (off)))
+
+#define list_del_from_off(h, n, off)			\
+	list_del_from(h, list_node_from_off_((n), (off)))
+
+/* Offset helper functions so we only single-evaluate. */
+static inline void *list_node_to_off_(struct list_node *node, size_t off)
+{
+	return (void *)((char *)node - off);
+}
+static inline struct list_node *list_node_from_off_(void *ptr, size_t off)
+{
+	return (struct list_node *)((char *)ptr + off);
+}
+
+/* Get the offset of the member, but make sure it's a list_node. */
+#define list_off_(type, member)					\
+	(container_off(type, member) +				\
+	 check_type(((type *)0)->member, struct list_node))
+
+#define list_off_var_(var, member)			\
+	(container_off_var(var, member) +		\
+	 check_type(var->member, struct list_node))
+
+#if HAVE_TYPEOF
+#define list_typeof(var) typeof(var)
+#else
+#define list_typeof(var) void *
+#endif
+
+/* Returns member, or NULL if at end of list. */
+static inline void *list_entry_or_null(const struct list_head *h,
+				       const struct list_node *n,
+				       size_t off)
+{
+	if (n == &h->n)
+		return NULL;
+	return (char *)n - off;
+}
+#endif /* CCAN_LIST_H */
diff --git a/ccan/str/str.h b/ccan/str/str.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a9da9cd3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ccan/str/str.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* CC0 (Public domain) - see ccan/licenses/CC0 file for details */
+#ifndef CCAN_STR_H
+#define CCAN_STR_H
+/**
+ * stringify - Turn expression into a string literal
+ * @expr: any C expression
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *	#define PRINT_COND_IF_FALSE(cond) \
+ *		((cond) || printf("%s is false!", stringify(cond)))
+ */
+#define stringify(expr)		stringify_1(expr)
+/* Double-indirection required to stringify expansions */
+#define stringify_1(expr)	#expr
+
+#endif /* CCAN_STR_H */
diff --git a/class.c b/class.c
index 02e682688c..682a21d488 100644
--- a/class.c
+++ b/class.c
@@ -23,16 +23,141 @@
  * \{
  */
 
-#include "ruby/ruby.h"
-#include "ruby/st.h"
-#include "method.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#include "gc.h"
 #include "constant.h"
-#include "vm_core.h"
+#include "id_table.h"
 #include "internal.h"
-#include <ctype.h>
+#include "internal/class.h"
+#include "internal/eval.h"
+#include "internal/hash.h"
+#include "internal/object.h"
+#include "internal/string.h"
+#include "internal/variable.h"
+#include "ruby/st.h"
+#include "vm_core.h"
+
+#define id_attached id__attached__
+
+#define METACLASS_OF(k) RBASIC(k)->klass
+#define SET_METACLASS_OF(k, cls) RBASIC_SET_CLASS(k, cls)
+
+void
+rb_class_subclass_add(VALUE super, VALUE klass)
+{
+    rb_subclass_entry_t *entry, *head;
+
+    if (super && super != Qundef) {
+	entry = ALLOC(rb_subclass_entry_t);
+	entry->klass = klass;
+	entry->next = NULL;
+
+	head = RCLASS_EXT(super)->subclasses;
+	if (head) {
+	    entry->next = head;
+	    RCLASS_EXT(head->klass)->parent_subclasses = &entry->next;
+	}
+
+	RCLASS_EXT(super)->subclasses = entry;
+	RCLASS_EXT(klass)->parent_subclasses = &RCLASS_EXT(super)->subclasses;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+rb_module_add_to_subclasses_list(VALUE module, VALUE iclass)
+{
+    rb_subclass_entry_t *entry, *head;
+
+    entry = ALLOC(rb_subclass_entry_t);
+    entry->klass = iclass;
+    entry->next = NULL;
+
+    head = RCLASS_EXT(module)->subclasses;
+    if (head) {
+	entry->next = head;
+	RCLASS_EXT(head->klass)->module_subclasses = &entry->next;
+    }
+
+    RCLASS_EXT(module)->subclasses = entry;
+    RCLASS_EXT(iclass)->module_subclasses = &RCLASS_EXT(module)->subclasses;
+}
+
+void
+rb_class_remove_from_super_subclasses(VALUE klass)
+{
+    rb_subclass_entry_t *entry;
+
+    if (RCLASS_EXT(klass)->parent_subclasses) {
+	entry = *RCLASS_EXT(klass)->parent_subclasses;
+
+	*RCLASS_EXT(klass)->parent_subclasses = entry->next;
+	if (entry->next) {
+	    RCLASS_EXT(entry->next->klass)->parent_subclasses = RCLASS_EXT(klass)->parent_subclasses;
+	}
+	xfree(entry);
+    }
+
+    RCLASS_EXT(klass)->parent_subclasses = NULL;
+}
+
+void
+rb_class_remove_from_module_subclasses(VALUE klass)
+{
+    rb_subclass_entry_t *entry;
+
+    if (RCLASS_EXT(klass)->module_subclasses) {
+	entry = *RCLASS_EXT(klass)->module_subclasses;
+	*RCLASS_EXT(klass)->module_subclasses = entry->next;
+
+	if (entry->next) {
+	    RCLASS_EXT(entry->next->klass)->module_subclasses = RCLASS_EXT(klass)->module_subclasses;
+	}
+
+	xfree(entry);
+    }
+
+    RCLASS_EXT(klass)->module_subclasses = NULL;
+}
+
+void
+rb_class_foreach_subclass(VALUE klass, void (*f)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE arg)
+{
+    rb_subclass_entry_t *cur = RCLASS_EXT(klass)->subclasses;
+
+    /* do not be tempted to simplify this loop into a for loop, the order of
+       operations is important here if `f` modifies the linked list */
+    while (cur) {
+	VALUE curklass = cur->klass;
+	cur = cur->next;
+	f(curklass, arg);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+class_detach_subclasses(VALUE klass, VALUE arg)
+{
+    rb_class_remove_from_super_subclasses(klass);
+}
+
+void
+rb_class_detach_subclasses(VALUE klass)
+{
+    rb_class_foreach_subclass(klass, class_detach_subclasses, Qnil);
+}
+
+static void
+class_detach_module_subclasses(VALUE klass, VALUE arg)
+{
+    rb_class_remove_from_module_subclasses(klass);
+}
 
-extern st_table *rb_class_tbl;
-static ID id_attached;
+void
+rb_class_detach_module_subclasses(VALUE klass)
+{
+    rb_class_foreach_subclass(klass, class_detach_module_subclasses, Qnil);
+}
 
 /**
  * Allocates a struct RClass for a new class.
@@ -49,18 +174,31 @@ static ID id_attached;
 static VALUE
 class_alloc(VALUE flags, VALUE klass)
 {
-    rb_classext_t *ext = ALLOC(rb_classext_t);
-    NEWOBJ(obj, struct RClass);
-    OBJSETUP(obj, klass, flags);
-    obj->ptr = ext;
-    RCLASS_IV_TBL(obj) = 0;
-    RCLASS_CONST_TBL(obj) = 0;
-    RCLASS_M_TBL(obj) = 0;
-    RCLASS_SUPER(obj) = 0;
-    RCLASS_IV_INDEX_TBL(obj) = 0;
+    NEWOBJ_OF(obj, struct RClass, klass, (flags & T_MASK) | FL_PROMOTED1 /* start from age == 2 */ | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_CLASS ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0));
+    obj->ptr = ZALLOC(rb_classext_t);
+    /* ZALLOC
+      RCLASS_IV_TBL(obj) = 0;
+      RCLASS_CONST_TBL(obj) = 0;
+      RCLASS_M_TBL(obj) = 0;
+      RCLASS_IV_INDEX_TBL(obj) = 0;
+      RCLASS_SET_SUPER((VALUE)obj, 0);
+      RCLASS_EXT(obj)->subclasses = NULL;
+      RCLASS_EXT(obj)->parent_subclasses = NULL;
+      RCLASS_EXT(obj)->module_subclasses = NULL;
+     */
+    RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN((VALUE)obj, (VALUE)obj);
+    RCLASS_SERIAL(obj) = rb_next_class_serial();
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(obj, &RCLASS_REFINED_CLASS(obj), Qnil);
+    RCLASS_EXT(obj)->allocator = 0;
+
     return (VALUE)obj;
 }
 
+static void
+RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(VALUE c)
+{
+    RCLASS_M_TBL(c) = rb_id_table_create(0);
+}
 
 /*!
  * A utility function that wraps class_alloc.
@@ -76,10 +214,9 @@ rb_class_boot(VALUE super)
 {
     VALUE klass = class_alloc(T_CLASS, rb_cClass);
 
-    RCLASS_SUPER(klass) = super;
-    RCLASS_M_TBL(klass) = st_init_numtable();
+    RCLASS_SET_SUPER(klass, super);
+    RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(klass);
 
-    OBJ_INFECT(klass, super);
     return (VALUE)klass;
 }
 
@@ -93,9 +230,9 @@ rb_class_boot(VALUE super)
 void
 rb_check_inheritable(VALUE super)
 {
-    if (TYPE(super) != T_CLASS) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "superclass must be a Class (%s given)",
-		 rb_obj_classname(super));
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(super, T_CLASS)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "superclass must be an instance of Class (given an instance of %"PRIsVALUE")",
+		 rb_obj_class(super));
     }
     if (RBASIC(super)->flags & FL_SINGLETON) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't make subclass of singleton class");
@@ -120,43 +257,53 @@ rb_class_new(VALUE super)
     return rb_class_boot(super);
 }
 
-struct clone_method_data {
-    st_table *tbl;
-    VALUE klass;
-};
-
-VALUE rb_iseq_clone(VALUE iseqval, VALUE newcbase);
-
-static int
-clone_method(ID mid, const rb_method_entry_t *me, struct clone_method_data *data)
+static void
+clone_method(VALUE old_klass, VALUE new_klass, ID mid, const rb_method_entry_t *me)
 {
-    VALUE newiseqval;
-    if (me->def && me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_ISEQ) {
-	rb_iseq_t *iseq;
-	newiseqval = rb_iseq_clone(me->def->body.iseq->self, data->klass);
-	GetISeqPtr(newiseqval, iseq);
-	rb_add_method(data->klass, mid, VM_METHOD_TYPE_ISEQ, iseq, me->flag);
-	RB_GC_GUARD(newiseqval);
+    if (me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_ISEQ) {
+	rb_cref_t *new_cref;
+	rb_vm_rewrite_cref(me->def->body.iseq.cref, old_klass, new_klass, &new_cref);
+	rb_add_method_iseq(new_klass, mid, me->def->body.iseq.iseqptr, new_cref, METHOD_ENTRY_VISI(me));
     }
     else {
-	rb_method_entry_set(data->klass, mid, me, me->flag);
+	rb_method_entry_set(new_klass, mid, me, METHOD_ENTRY_VISI(me));
     }
-    return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
+struct clone_method_arg {
+    VALUE new_klass;
+    VALUE old_klass;
+};
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+clone_method_i(ID key, VALUE value, void *data)
+{
+    const struct clone_method_arg *arg = (struct clone_method_arg *)data;
+    clone_method(arg->old_klass, arg->new_klass, key, (const rb_method_entry_t *)value);
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+struct clone_const_arg {
+    VALUE klass;
+    struct rb_id_table *tbl;
+};
+
 static int
-clone_const(ID key, const rb_const_entry_t *ce, st_table *tbl)
+clone_const(ID key, const rb_const_entry_t *ce, struct clone_const_arg *arg)
 {
     rb_const_entry_t *nce = ALLOC(rb_const_entry_t);
-    *nce = *ce;
-    st_insert(tbl, key, (st_data_t)nce);
-    return ST_CONTINUE;
+    MEMCPY(nce, ce, rb_const_entry_t, 1);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(arg->klass, Qundef, ce->value);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(arg->klass, Qundef, ce->file);
+
+    rb_id_table_insert(arg->tbl, key, (VALUE)nce);
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
 }
 
-static int
-clone_const_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data)
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+clone_const_i(ID key, VALUE value, void *data)
 {
-    return clone_const((ID)key, (const rb_const_entry_t *)value, (st_table *)data);
+    return clone_const(key, (const rb_const_entry_t *)value, data);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -173,48 +320,136 @@ class_init_copy_check(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
     }
 }
 
-/* :nodoc: */
-VALUE
-rb_mod_init_copy(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
+static void
+copy_tables(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
 {
-    if (RB_TYPE_P(clone, T_CLASS)) {
-	class_init_copy_check(clone, orig);
+    if (RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone)) {
+	st_free_table(RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone));
+	RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone) = 0;
     }
-    rb_obj_init_copy(clone, orig);
-    if (!FL_TEST(CLASS_OF(clone), FL_SINGLETON)) {
-	RBASIC(clone)->klass = rb_singleton_class_clone(orig);
-	rb_singleton_class_attached(RBASIC(clone)->klass, (VALUE)clone);
+    if (RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone)) {
+	rb_free_const_table(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone));
+	RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone) = 0;
     }
-    RCLASS_SUPER(clone) = RCLASS_SUPER(orig);
+    RCLASS_M_TBL(clone) = 0;
     if (RCLASS_IV_TBL(orig)) {
 	st_data_t id;
 
-	if (RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone)) {
-	    st_free_table(RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone));
-	}
-	RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone) = st_copy(RCLASS_IV_TBL(orig));
+	rb_iv_tbl_copy(clone, orig);
+	CONST_ID(id, "__tmp_classpath__");
+	st_delete(RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone), &id, 0);
 	CONST_ID(id, "__classpath__");
 	st_delete(RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone), &id, 0);
 	CONST_ID(id, "__classid__");
 	st_delete(RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone), &id, 0);
     }
     if (RCLASS_CONST_TBL(orig)) {
-	if (RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone)) {
-	    rb_free_const_table(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone));
-	}
-	RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone) = st_init_numtable();
-	st_foreach(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(orig), clone_const_i, (st_data_t)RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone));
+	struct clone_const_arg arg;
+
+	arg.tbl = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone) = rb_id_table_create(0);
+	arg.klass = clone;
+	rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(orig), clone_const_i, &arg);
     }
+}
+
+static void ensure_origin(VALUE klass);
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+VALUE
+rb_mod_init_copy(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
+{
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(clone, T_CLASS)) {
+        class_init_copy_check(clone, orig);
+    }
+    if (!OBJ_INIT_COPY(clone, orig)) return clone;
+
+    /* cloned flag is refer at constant inline cache
+     * see vm_get_const_key_cref() in vm_insnhelper.c
+     */
+    FL_SET(clone, RCLASS_CLONED);
+    FL_SET(orig , RCLASS_CLONED);
+
+    if (!FL_TEST(CLASS_OF(clone), FL_SINGLETON)) {
+        RBASIC_SET_CLASS(clone, rb_singleton_class_clone(orig));
+        rb_singleton_class_attached(RBASIC(clone)->klass, (VALUE)clone);
+    }
+    RCLASS_EXT(clone)->allocator = RCLASS_EXT(orig)->allocator;
+    copy_tables(clone, orig);
     if (RCLASS_M_TBL(orig)) {
-	struct clone_method_data data;
+	struct clone_method_arg arg;
+	arg.old_klass = orig;
+	arg.new_klass = clone;
+	RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(clone);
+	rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(orig), clone_method_i, &arg);
+    }
 
-	if (RCLASS_M_TBL(clone)) {
-	    rb_free_m_table(RCLASS_M_TBL(clone));
-	}
-	data.tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(clone) = st_init_numtable();
-	data.klass = clone;
-	st_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(orig), clone_method,
-		   (st_data_t)&data);
+    if (RCLASS_ORIGIN(orig) == orig) {
+        RCLASS_SET_SUPER(clone, RCLASS_SUPER(orig));
+    }
+    else {
+        VALUE p = RCLASS_SUPER(orig);
+        VALUE orig_origin = RCLASS_ORIGIN(orig);
+        VALUE prev_clone_p = clone;
+        VALUE origin_stack = rb_ary_tmp_new(2);
+        VALUE origin[2];
+        VALUE clone_p = 0;
+        long origin_len;
+        int add_subclass;
+        VALUE clone_origin;
+
+        ensure_origin(clone);
+        clone_origin = RCLASS_ORIGIN(clone);
+
+        while (p && p != orig_origin) {
+            if (BUILTIN_TYPE(p) != T_ICLASS) {
+                rb_bug("non iclass between module/class and origin");
+            }
+            clone_p = class_alloc(RBASIC(p)->flags, RBASIC(p)->klass);
+            RCLASS_SET_SUPER(prev_clone_p, clone_p);
+            prev_clone_p = clone_p;
+            RCLASS_M_TBL(clone_p) = RCLASS_M_TBL(p);
+            RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone_p) = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(p);
+            RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone_p) = RCLASS_IV_TBL(p);
+            RCLASS_EXT(clone_p)->allocator = RCLASS_EXT(p)->allocator;
+            if (RB_TYPE_P(clone, T_CLASS)) {
+                RCLASS_SET_INCLUDER(clone_p, clone);
+            }
+            add_subclass = TRUE;
+            if (p != RCLASS_ORIGIN(p)) {
+                origin[0] = clone_p;
+                origin[1] = RCLASS_ORIGIN(p);
+                rb_ary_cat(origin_stack, origin, 2);
+            }
+            else if ((origin_len = RARRAY_LEN(origin_stack)) > 1 &&
+                     RARRAY_AREF(origin_stack, origin_len - 1) == p) {
+                RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(RARRAY_AREF(origin_stack, (origin_len -= 2)), clone_p);
+                RICLASS_SET_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(clone_p);
+                rb_ary_resize(origin_stack, origin_len);
+                add_subclass = FALSE;
+            }
+            if (add_subclass) {
+                rb_module_add_to_subclasses_list(RBASIC(p)->klass, clone_p);
+            }
+            p = RCLASS_SUPER(p);
+        }
+
+        if (p == orig_origin) {
+            if (clone_p) {
+                RCLASS_SET_SUPER(clone_p, clone_origin);
+                RCLASS_SET_SUPER(clone_origin, RCLASS_SUPER(orig_origin));
+            }
+            copy_tables(clone_origin, orig_origin);
+            if (RCLASS_M_TBL(orig_origin)) {
+                struct clone_method_arg arg;
+                arg.old_klass = orig;
+                arg.new_klass = clone;
+                RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(clone_origin);
+                rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(orig_origin), clone_method_i, &arg);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            rb_bug("no origin for class that has origin");
+        }
     }
 
     return clone;
@@ -223,38 +458,67 @@ rb_mod_init_copy(VALUE clone, VALUE orig)
 VALUE
 rb_singleton_class_clone(VALUE obj)
 {
-    VALUE klass = RBASIC(obj)->klass;
+    return rb_singleton_class_clone_and_attach(obj, Qundef);
+}
 
-    if (!FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON))
-	return klass;
+// Clone and return the singleton class of `obj` if it has been created and is attached to `obj`.
+VALUE
+rb_singleton_class_clone_and_attach(VALUE obj, VALUE attach)
+{
+    const VALUE klass = RBASIC(obj)->klass;
+
+    // Note that `rb_singleton_class()` can create situations where `klass` is
+    // attached to an object other than `obj`. In which case `obj` does not have
+    // a material singleton class attached yet and there is no singleton class
+    // to clone.
+    if (!(FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON) && rb_attr_get(klass, id_attached) == obj)) {
+        // nothing to clone
+        return klass;
+    }
     else {
-	struct clone_method_data data;
 	/* copy singleton(unnamed) class */
-	VALUE clone = class_alloc((RBASIC(klass)->flags & ~(FL_MARK)), 0);
+        bool klass_of_clone_is_new;
+	VALUE clone = class_alloc(RBASIC(klass)->flags, 0);
 
 	if (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj) == T_CLASS) {
-	    RBASIC(clone)->klass = (VALUE)clone;
+            klass_of_clone_is_new = true;
+	    RBASIC_SET_CLASS(clone, clone);
 	}
 	else {
-	    RBASIC(clone)->klass = rb_singleton_class_clone(klass);
+            VALUE klass_metaclass_clone = rb_singleton_class_clone(klass);
+            // When `METACLASS_OF(klass) == klass_metaclass_clone`, it means the
+            // recursive call did not clone `METACLASS_OF(klass)`.
+            klass_of_clone_is_new = (METACLASS_OF(klass) != klass_metaclass_clone);
+            RBASIC_SET_CLASS(clone, klass_metaclass_clone);
 	}
 
-	RCLASS_SUPER(clone) = RCLASS_SUPER(klass);
+	RCLASS_SET_SUPER(clone, RCLASS_SUPER(klass));
+	RCLASS_EXT(clone)->allocator = RCLASS_EXT(klass)->allocator;
 	if (RCLASS_IV_TBL(klass)) {
-	    RCLASS_IV_TBL(clone) = st_copy(RCLASS_IV_TBL(klass));
+	    rb_iv_tbl_copy(clone, klass);
 	}
 	if (RCLASS_CONST_TBL(klass)) {
-	    RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone) = st_init_numtable();
-	    st_foreach(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(klass), clone_const_i, (st_data_t)RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone));
+	    struct clone_const_arg arg;
+	    arg.tbl = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(clone) = rb_id_table_create(0);
+	    arg.klass = clone;
+	    rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_CONST_TBL(klass), clone_const_i, &arg);
 	}
-	RCLASS_M_TBL(clone) = st_init_numtable();
-	data.tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(clone);
-	data.klass = (VALUE)clone;
-	st_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(klass), clone_method,
-		   (st_data_t)&data);
-	rb_singleton_class_attached(RBASIC(clone)->klass, (VALUE)clone);
+	if (attach != Qundef) {
+	    rb_singleton_class_attached(clone, attach);
+	}
+	RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(clone);
+	{
+	    struct clone_method_arg arg;
+	    arg.old_klass = klass;
+	    arg.new_klass = clone;
+	    rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(klass), clone_method_i, &arg);
+	}
+        if (klass_of_clone_is_new) {
+            rb_singleton_class_attached(RBASIC(clone)->klass, clone);
+        }
 	FL_SET(clone, FL_SINGLETON);
-	return (VALUE)clone;
+
+	return clone;
     }
 }
 
@@ -269,14 +533,10 @@ rb_singleton_class_attached(VALUE klass, VALUE obj)
 	if (!RCLASS_IV_TBL(klass)) {
 	    RCLASS_IV_TBL(klass) = st_init_numtable();
 	}
-	st_insert(RCLASS_IV_TBL(klass), id_attached, obj);
+	rb_class_ivar_set(klass, id_attached, obj);
     }
 }
 
-
-
-#define METACLASS_OF(k) RBASIC(k)->klass
-
 /*!
  * whether k is a meta^(n)-class of Class class
  * @retval 1 if \a k is a meta^(n)-class of Class class (n >= 0)
@@ -284,6 +544,27 @@ rb_singleton_class_attached(VALUE klass, VALUE obj)
  */
 #define META_CLASS_OF_CLASS_CLASS_P(k)  (METACLASS_OF(k) == (k))
 
+static int
+rb_singleton_class_has_metaclass_p(VALUE sklass)
+{
+    return rb_attr_get(METACLASS_OF(sklass), id_attached) == sklass;
+}
+
+int
+rb_singleton_class_internal_p(VALUE sklass)
+{
+    return (RB_TYPE_P(rb_attr_get(sklass, id_attached), T_CLASS) &&
+	    !rb_singleton_class_has_metaclass_p(sklass));
+}
+
+/*!
+ * whether k has a metaclass
+ * @retval 1 if \a k has a metaclass
+ * @retval 0 otherwise
+ */
+#define HAVE_METACLASS_P(k) \
+    (FL_TEST(METACLASS_OF(k), FL_SINGLETON) && \
+     rb_singleton_class_has_metaclass_p(k))
 
 /*!
  * ensures \a klass belongs to its own eigenclass.
@@ -293,7 +574,7 @@ rb_singleton_class_attached(VALUE klass, VALUE obj)
  * @note this macro creates a new eigenclass if necessary.
  */
 #define ENSURE_EIGENCLASS(klass) \
- (rb_ivar_get(METACLASS_OF(klass), id_attached) == (klass) ? METACLASS_OF(klass) : make_metaclass(klass))
+    (HAVE_METACLASS_P(klass) ? METACLASS_OF(klass) : make_metaclass(klass))
 
 
 /*!
@@ -315,19 +596,18 @@ make_metaclass(VALUE klass)
     rb_singleton_class_attached(metaclass, klass);
 
     if (META_CLASS_OF_CLASS_CLASS_P(klass)) {
-	METACLASS_OF(klass) = METACLASS_OF(metaclass) = metaclass;
+	SET_METACLASS_OF(klass, metaclass);
+	SET_METACLASS_OF(metaclass, metaclass);
     }
     else {
 	VALUE tmp = METACLASS_OF(klass); /* for a meta^(n)-class klass, tmp is meta^(n)-class of Class class */
-	METACLASS_OF(klass) = metaclass;
-	METACLASS_OF(metaclass) = ENSURE_EIGENCLASS(tmp);
+	SET_METACLASS_OF(klass, metaclass);
+	SET_METACLASS_OF(metaclass, ENSURE_EIGENCLASS(tmp));
     }
 
     super = RCLASS_SUPER(klass);
     while (RB_TYPE_P(super, T_ICLASS)) super = RCLASS_SUPER(super);
-    RCLASS_SUPER(metaclass) = super ? ENSURE_EIGENCLASS(super) : rb_cClass;
-
-    OBJ_INFECT(metaclass, RCLASS_SUPER(metaclass));
+    RCLASS_SET_SUPER(metaclass, super ? ENSURE_EIGENCLASS(super) : rb_cClass);
 
     return metaclass;
 }
@@ -345,10 +625,10 @@ make_singleton_class(VALUE obj)
     VALUE klass = rb_class_boot(orig_class);
 
     FL_SET(klass, FL_SINGLETON);
-    RBASIC(obj)->klass = klass;
+    RBASIC_SET_CLASS(obj, klass);
     rb_singleton_class_attached(klass, obj);
 
-    METACLASS_OF(klass) = METACLASS_OF(rb_class_real(orig_class));
+    SET_METACLASS_OF(klass, METACLASS_OF(rb_class_real(orig_class)));
     return klass;
 }
 
@@ -356,32 +636,32 @@ make_singleton_class(VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 boot_defclass(const char *name, VALUE super)
 {
-    extern st_table *rb_class_tbl;
     VALUE obj = rb_class_boot(super);
     ID id = rb_intern(name);
 
-    rb_name_class(obj, id);
-    st_add_direct(rb_class_tbl, id, obj);
     rb_const_set((rb_cObject ? rb_cObject : obj), id, obj);
+    rb_vm_add_root_module(obj);
     return obj;
 }
 
 void
 Init_class_hierarchy(void)
 {
-    id_attached = rb_intern("__attached__");
-
     rb_cBasicObject = boot_defclass("BasicObject", 0);
     rb_cObject = boot_defclass("Object", rb_cBasicObject);
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(rb_cObject);
+
+    /* resolve class name ASAP for order-independence */
+    rb_set_class_path_string(rb_cObject, rb_cObject, rb_fstring_lit("Object"));
+
     rb_cModule = boot_defclass("Module", rb_cObject);
     rb_cClass =  boot_defclass("Class",  rb_cModule);
 
-    rb_const_set(rb_cObject, rb_intern("BasicObject"), rb_cBasicObject);
-    RBASIC(rb_cClass)->klass
-	= RBASIC(rb_cModule)->klass
-	= RBASIC(rb_cObject)->klass
-	= RBASIC(rb_cBasicObject)->klass
-	= rb_cClass;
+    rb_const_set(rb_cObject, rb_intern_const("BasicObject"), rb_cBasicObject);
+    RBASIC_SET_CLASS(rb_cClass, rb_cClass);
+    RBASIC_SET_CLASS(rb_cModule, rb_cClass);
+    RBASIC_SET_CLASS(rb_cObject, rb_cClass);
+    RBASIC_SET_CLASS(rb_cBasicObject, rb_cClass);
 }
 
 
@@ -438,7 +718,7 @@ rb_define_class_id(ID id, VALUE super)
  * \return the value \c Class#inherited's returns
  * \pre Each of \a super and \a klass must be a \c Class object.
  */
-VALUE
+MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED VALUE
 rb_class_inherited(VALUE super, VALUE klass)
 {
     ID inherited;
@@ -453,12 +733,12 @@ rb_class_inherited(VALUE super, VALUE klass)
  * Defines a top-level class.
  * \param name   name of the class
  * \param super  a class from which the new class will derive.
- *               NULL means \c Object class.
  * \return the created class
  * \throw TypeError if the constant name \a name is already taken but
  *                  the constant is not a \c Class.
- * \throw NameError if the class is already defined but the class can not
+ * \throw TypeError if the class is already defined but the class can not
  *                  be reopened because its superclass is not \a super.
+ * \throw ArgumentError if the \a super is NULL.
  * \post top-level constant named \a name refers the returned class.
  *
  * \note if a class named \a name is already defined and its superclass is
@@ -473,20 +753,23 @@ rb_define_class(const char *name, VALUE super)
     id = rb_intern(name);
     if (rb_const_defined(rb_cObject, id)) {
 	klass = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id);
-	if (TYPE(klass) != T_CLASS) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s is not a class", name);
+	if (!RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS)) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s is not a class (%"PRIsVALUE")",
+		     name, rb_obj_class(klass));
 	}
 	if (rb_class_real(RCLASS_SUPER(klass)) != super) {
 	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "superclass mismatch for class %s", name);
 	}
+
+        /* Class may have been defined in Ruby and not pin-rooted */
+        rb_vm_add_root_module(klass);
 	return klass;
     }
     if (!super) {
-	rb_warn("no super class for `%s', Object assumed", name);
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "no super class for `%s'", name);
     }
     klass = rb_define_class_id(id, super);
-    st_add_direct(rb_class_tbl, id, klass);
-    rb_name_class(klass, id);
+    rb_vm_add_root_module(klass);
     rb_const_set(rb_cObject, id, klass);
     rb_class_inherited(super, klass);
 
@@ -503,7 +786,7 @@ rb_define_class(const char *name, VALUE super)
  * \return the created class
  * \throw TypeError if the constant name \a name is already taken but
  *                  the constant is not a \c Class.
- * \throw NameError if the class is already defined but the class can not
+ * \throw TypeError if the class is already defined but the class can not
  *                  be reopened because its superclass is not \a super.
  * \post top-level constant named \a name refers the returned class.
  *
@@ -526,7 +809,7 @@ rb_define_class_under(VALUE outer, const char *name, VALUE super)
  * \return the created class
  * \throw TypeError if the constant name \a name is already taken but
  *                  the constant is not a \c Class.
- * \throw NameError if the class is already defined but the class can not
+ * \throw TypeError if the class is already defined but the class can not
  *                  be reopened because its superclass is not \a super.
  * \post top-level constant named \a name refers the returned class.
  *
@@ -540,23 +823,31 @@ rb_define_class_id_under(VALUE outer, ID id, VALUE super)
 
     if (rb_const_defined_at(outer, id)) {
 	klass = rb_const_get_at(outer, id);
-	if (TYPE(klass) != T_CLASS) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s is not a class", rb_id2name(id));
+	if (!RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS)) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%"PRIsVALUE"::%"PRIsVALUE" is not a class"
+		     " (%"PRIsVALUE")",
+		     outer, rb_id2str(id), rb_obj_class(klass));
 	}
 	if (rb_class_real(RCLASS_SUPER(klass)) != super) {
-	    rb_name_error(id, "%s is already defined", rb_id2name(id));
+	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "superclass mismatch for class "
+		     "%"PRIsVALUE"::%"PRIsVALUE""
+		     " (%"PRIsVALUE" is given but was %"PRIsVALUE")",
+		     outer, rb_id2str(id), RCLASS_SUPER(klass), super);
 	}
+        /* Class may have been defined in Ruby and not pin-rooted */
+        rb_vm_add_root_module(klass);
+
 	return klass;
     }
     if (!super) {
-	rb_warn("no super class for `%s::%s', Object assumed",
-		rb_class2name(outer), rb_id2name(id));
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "no super class for `%"PRIsVALUE"::%"PRIsVALUE"'",
+		 rb_class_path(outer), rb_id2str(id));
     }
     klass = rb_define_class_id(id, super);
     rb_set_class_path_string(klass, outer, rb_id2str(id));
     rb_const_set(outer, id, klass);
     rb_class_inherited(super, klass);
-    rb_gc_register_mark_object(klass);
+    rb_vm_add_root_module(klass);
 
     return klass;
 }
@@ -565,21 +856,15 @@ VALUE
 rb_module_new(void)
 {
     VALUE mdl = class_alloc(T_MODULE, rb_cModule);
-
-    RCLASS_M_TBL(mdl) = st_init_numtable();
-
+    RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(mdl);
     return (VALUE)mdl;
 }
 
+// Kept for compatibility. Use rb_module_new() instead.
 VALUE
 rb_define_module_id(ID id)
 {
-    VALUE mdl;
-
-    mdl = rb_module_new();
-    rb_name_class(mdl, id);
-
-    return mdl;
+    return rb_module_new();
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -591,12 +876,16 @@ rb_define_module(const char *name)
     id = rb_intern(name);
     if (rb_const_defined(rb_cObject, id)) {
 	module = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id);
-	if (TYPE(module) == T_MODULE)
-	    return module;
-	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s is not a module", rb_obj_classname(module));
+	if (!RB_TYPE_P(module, T_MODULE)) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s is not a module (%"PRIsVALUE")",
+		     name, rb_obj_class(module));
+	}
+        /* Module may have been defined in Ruby and not pin-rooted */
+        rb_vm_add_root_module(module);
+	return module;
     }
-    module = rb_define_module_id(id);
-    st_add_direct(rb_class_tbl, id, module);
+    module = rb_module_new();
+    rb_vm_add_root_module(module);
     rb_const_set(rb_cObject, id, module);
 
     return module;
@@ -615,12 +904,14 @@ rb_define_module_id_under(VALUE outer, ID id)
 
     if (rb_const_defined_at(outer, id)) {
 	module = rb_const_get_at(outer, id);
-	if (TYPE(module) == T_MODULE)
-	    return module;
-	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s::%s is not a module",
-		 rb_class2name(outer), rb_obj_classname(module));
+	if (!RB_TYPE_P(module, T_MODULE)) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%"PRIsVALUE"::%"PRIsVALUE" is not a module"
+		     " (%"PRIsVALUE")",
+		     outer, rb_id2str(id), rb_obj_class(module));
+	}
+	return module;
     }
-    module = rb_define_module_id(id);
+    module = rb_module_new();
     rb_const_set(outer, id, module);
     rb_set_class_path_string(module, outer, rb_id2str(id));
     rb_gc_register_mark_object(module);
@@ -628,100 +919,314 @@ rb_define_module_id_under(VALUE outer, ID id)
     return module;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-include_class_new(VALUE module, VALUE super)
+VALUE
+rb_include_class_new(VALUE module, VALUE super)
 {
     VALUE klass = class_alloc(T_ICLASS, rb_cClass);
 
+    RCLASS_M_TBL(klass) = RCLASS_M_TBL(module);
+
+    RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(klass, klass);
     if (BUILTIN_TYPE(module) == T_ICLASS) {
 	module = RBASIC(module)->klass;
     }
+    RUBY_ASSERT(!RB_TYPE_P(module, T_ICLASS));
     if (!RCLASS_IV_TBL(module)) {
 	RCLASS_IV_TBL(module) = st_init_numtable();
     }
     if (!RCLASS_CONST_TBL(module)) {
-	RCLASS_CONST_TBL(module) = st_init_numtable();
+	RCLASS_CONST_TBL(module) = rb_id_table_create(0);
     }
     RCLASS_IV_TBL(klass) = RCLASS_IV_TBL(module);
     RCLASS_CONST_TBL(klass) = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(module);
-    RCLASS_M_TBL(klass) = RCLASS_M_TBL(module);
-    RCLASS_SUPER(klass) = super;
-    if (TYPE(module) == T_ICLASS) {
-	RBASIC(klass)->klass = RBASIC(module)->klass;
-    }
-    else {
-	RBASIC(klass)->klass = module;
-    }
-    OBJ_INFECT(klass, module);
-    OBJ_INFECT(klass, super);
+
+    RCLASS_SET_SUPER(klass, super);
+    RBASIC_SET_CLASS(klass, module);
 
     return (VALUE)klass;
 }
 
+static int include_modules_at(const VALUE klass, VALUE c, VALUE module, int search_super);
+
+static void
+ensure_includable(VALUE klass, VALUE module)
+{
+    rb_class_modify_check(klass);
+    Check_Type(module, T_MODULE);
+    if (!NIL_P(rb_refinement_module_get_refined_class(module))) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "refinement module is not allowed");
+    }
+}
+
 void
 rb_include_module(VALUE klass, VALUE module)
 {
-    VALUE p, c;
     int changed = 0;
 
-    rb_frozen_class_p(klass);
-    if (!OBJ_UNTRUSTED(klass)) {
-	rb_secure(4);
+    ensure_includable(klass, module);
+
+    changed = include_modules_at(klass, RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass), module, TRUE);
+    if (changed < 0)
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "cyclic include detected");
+
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE)) {
+        rb_subclass_entry_t *iclass = RCLASS_EXT(klass)->subclasses;
+        int do_include = 1;
+        while (iclass) {
+            VALUE check_class = iclass->klass;
+            /* During lazy sweeping, iclass->klass could be a dead object that
+             * has not yet been swept. */
+            if (!rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(check_class)) {
+                while (check_class) {
+                    if (RB_TYPE_P(check_class, T_ICLASS) &&
+                            (RBASIC(check_class)->klass == module)) {
+                        do_include = 0;
+                    }
+                    check_class = RCLASS_SUPER(check_class);
+                }
+
+                if (do_include) {
+                    include_modules_at(iclass->klass, RCLASS_ORIGIN(iclass->klass), module, TRUE);
+                }
+            }
+
+            iclass = iclass->next;
+        }
     }
+}
 
-    if (TYPE(module) != T_MODULE) {
-	Check_Type(module, T_MODULE);
-    }
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+add_refined_method_entry_i(ID key, VALUE value, void *data)
+{
+    rb_add_refined_method_entry((VALUE)data, key);
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+clear_module_cache_i(ID id, VALUE val, void *data)
+{
+    VALUE klass = (VALUE)data;
+    rb_clear_method_cache(klass, id);
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static int
+include_modules_at(const VALUE klass, VALUE c, VALUE module, int search_super)
+{
+    VALUE p, iclass, origin_stack = 0;
+    int method_changed = 0, constant_changed = 0, add_subclass;
+    long origin_len;
+    struct rb_id_table *const klass_m_tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass));
+    VALUE original_klass = klass;
 
-    OBJ_INFECT(klass, module);
-    c = klass;
     while (module) {
+        int origin_seen = FALSE;
 	int superclass_seen = FALSE;
+	struct rb_id_table *tbl;
 
-	if (RCLASS_M_TBL(klass) == RCLASS_M_TBL(module))
-	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "cyclic include detected");
+        if (klass == c)
+            origin_seen = TRUE;
+	if (klass_m_tbl && klass_m_tbl == RCLASS_M_TBL(module))
+	    return -1;
 	/* ignore if the module included already in superclasses */
-	for (p = RCLASS_SUPER(klass); p; p = RCLASS_SUPER(p)) {
-	    switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(p)) {
-	      case T_ICLASS:
+        for (p = RCLASS_SUPER(klass); p; p = RCLASS_SUPER(p)) {
+	    int type = BUILTIN_TYPE(p);
+            if (c == p)
+                origin_seen = TRUE;
+	    if (type == T_ICLASS) {
 		if (RCLASS_M_TBL(p) == RCLASS_M_TBL(module)) {
-		    if (!superclass_seen) {
+                    if (!superclass_seen && origin_seen) {
 			c = p;  /* move insertion point */
 		    }
 		    goto skip;
 		}
-		break;
-	      case T_CLASS:
-		superclass_seen = TRUE;
-		break;
 	    }
+	    else if (type == T_CLASS) {
+		if (!search_super) break;
+                superclass_seen = TRUE;
+	    }
+	}
+
+        VALUE super_class = RCLASS_SUPER(c);
+
+        // invalidate inline method cache
+        tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(module);
+        if (tbl && rb_id_table_size(tbl)) {
+            if (search_super) { // include
+                if (super_class && !RB_TYPE_P(super_class, T_MODULE)) {
+                    rb_id_table_foreach(tbl, clear_module_cache_i, (void *)super_class);
+                }
+            }
+            else { // prepend
+                if (!RB_TYPE_P(original_klass, T_MODULE)) {
+                    rb_id_table_foreach(tbl, clear_module_cache_i, (void *)original_klass);
+                }
+            }
+            method_changed = 1;
+        }
+
+        // setup T_ICLASS for the include/prepend module
+	iclass = rb_include_class_new(module, super_class);
+	c = RCLASS_SET_SUPER(c, iclass);
+        RCLASS_SET_INCLUDER(iclass, klass);
+        add_subclass = TRUE;
+        if (module != RCLASS_ORIGIN(module)) {
+            if (!origin_stack) origin_stack = rb_ary_tmp_new(2);
+            VALUE origin[2] = {iclass, RCLASS_ORIGIN(module)};
+            rb_ary_cat(origin_stack, origin, 2);
+        }
+        else if (origin_stack && (origin_len = RARRAY_LEN(origin_stack)) > 1 &&
+                 RARRAY_AREF(origin_stack, origin_len - 1) == module) {
+            RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(RARRAY_AREF(origin_stack, (origin_len -= 2)), iclass);
+            RICLASS_SET_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(iclass);
+            rb_ary_resize(origin_stack, origin_len);
+            add_subclass = FALSE;
+        }
+
+	{
+	    VALUE m = module;
+            if (BUILTIN_TYPE(m) == T_ICLASS) m = RBASIC(m)->klass;
+            if (add_subclass) rb_module_add_to_subclasses_list(m, iclass);
+	}
+
+	if (FL_TEST(klass, RMODULE_IS_REFINEMENT)) {
+	    VALUE refined_class =
+		rb_refinement_module_get_refined_class(klass);
+
+            rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(module), add_refined_method_entry_i, (void *)refined_class);
+	    FL_SET(c, RMODULE_INCLUDED_INTO_REFINEMENT);
 	}
-	c = RCLASS_SUPER(c) = include_class_new(module, RCLASS_SUPER(c));
-	if (RMODULE_M_TBL(module) && RMODULE_M_TBL(module)->num_entries)
-	    changed = 1;
-	if (RMODULE_CONST_TBL(module) && RMODULE_CONST_TBL(module)->num_entries)
-	    changed = 1;
+
+        tbl = RCLASS_CONST_TBL(module);
+	if (tbl && rb_id_table_size(tbl)) constant_changed = 1;
       skip:
 	module = RCLASS_SUPER(module);
     }
-    if (changed) rb_clear_cache();
+
+    if (constant_changed) rb_clear_constant_cache();
+
+    return method_changed;
+}
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+move_refined_method(ID key, VALUE value, void *data)
+{
+    rb_method_entry_t *me = (rb_method_entry_t *)value;
+
+    if (me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
+        VALUE klass = (VALUE)data;
+        struct rb_id_table *tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(klass);
+
+        if (me->def->body.refined.orig_me) {
+	    const rb_method_entry_t *orig_me = me->def->body.refined.orig_me, *new_me;
+	    RB_OBJ_WRITE(me, &me->def->body.refined.orig_me, NULL);
+	    new_me = rb_method_entry_clone(me);
+            rb_method_table_insert(klass, tbl, key, new_me);
+	    rb_method_entry_copy(me, orig_me);
+	    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+	}
+	else {
+            rb_method_table_insert(klass, tbl, key, me);
+	    return ID_TABLE_DELETE;
+	}
+    }
+    else {
+	return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+    }
+}
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+cache_clear_refined_method(ID key, VALUE value, void *data)
+{
+    rb_method_entry_t *me = (rb_method_entry_t *) value;
+
+    if (me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED && me->def->body.refined.orig_me) {
+        VALUE klass = (VALUE)data;
+        rb_clear_method_cache(klass, me->called_id);
+    }
+    // Refined method entries without an orig_me is going to stay in the method
+    // table of klass, like before the move, so no need to clear the cache.
+
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+ensure_origin(VALUE klass)
+{
+    VALUE origin = RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass);
+    if (origin == klass) {
+	origin = class_alloc(T_ICLASS, klass);
+	RCLASS_SET_SUPER(origin, RCLASS_SUPER(klass));
+	RCLASS_SET_SUPER(klass, origin);
+	RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(klass, origin);
+	RCLASS_M_TBL(origin) = RCLASS_M_TBL(klass);
+	RCLASS_M_TBL_INIT(klass);
+        rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(origin), cache_clear_refined_method, (void *)klass);
+	rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(origin), move_refined_method, (void *)klass);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+rb_prepend_module(VALUE klass, VALUE module)
+{
+    int changed = 0;
+    bool klass_had_no_origin = RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass) == klass;
+
+    ensure_includable(klass, module);
+    ensure_origin(klass);
+    changed = include_modules_at(klass, klass, module, FALSE);
+    if (changed < 0)
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "cyclic prepend detected");
+    if (changed) {
+	rb_vm_check_redefinition_by_prepend(klass);
+    }
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE)) {
+        rb_subclass_entry_t *iclass = RCLASS_EXT(klass)->subclasses;
+        VALUE klass_origin = RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass);
+        struct rb_id_table *klass_m_tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(klass);
+        struct rb_id_table *klass_origin_m_tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(klass_origin);
+        while (iclass) {
+            /* During lazy sweeping, iclass->klass could be a dead object that
+             * has not yet been swept. */
+            if (!rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(iclass->klass)) {
+                if (klass_had_no_origin && klass_origin_m_tbl == RCLASS_M_TBL(iclass->klass)) {
+                    // backfill an origin iclass to handle refinements and future prepends
+                    rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(iclass->klass), clear_module_cache_i, (void *)iclass->klass);
+                    RCLASS_M_TBL(iclass->klass) = klass_m_tbl;
+                    VALUE origin = rb_include_class_new(klass_origin, RCLASS_SUPER(iclass->klass));
+                    RCLASS_SET_SUPER(iclass->klass, origin);
+                    RCLASS_SET_INCLUDER(origin, RCLASS_INCLUDER(iclass->klass));
+                    RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(iclass->klass, origin);
+                    RICLASS_SET_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(origin);
+                }
+                include_modules_at(iclass->klass, iclass->klass, module, FALSE);
+            }
+
+            iclass = iclass->next;
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     mod.included_modules -> array
  *
- *  Returns the list of modules included in <i>mod</i>.
+ *  Returns the list of modules included or prepended in <i>mod</i>
+ *  or one of <i>mod</i>'s ancestors.
+ *
+ *     module Sub
+ *     end
  *
  *     module Mixin
+ *       prepend Sub
  *     end
  *
  *     module Outer
  *       include Mixin
  *     end
  *
- *     Mixin.included_modules   #=> []
- *     Outer.included_modules   #=> [Mixin]
+ *     Mixin.included_modules   #=> [Sub]
+ *     Outer.included_modules   #=> [Sub, Mixin]
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -729,10 +1234,13 @@ rb_mod_included_modules(VALUE mod)
 {
     VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
     VALUE p;
+    VALUE origin = RCLASS_ORIGIN(mod);
 
     for (p = RCLASS_SUPER(mod); p; p = RCLASS_SUPER(p)) {
-	if (BUILTIN_TYPE(p) == T_ICLASS) {
-	    rb_ary_push(ary, RBASIC(p)->klass);
+        if (p != origin && RCLASS_ORIGIN(p) == p && BUILTIN_TYPE(p) == T_ICLASS) {
+	    VALUE m = RBASIC(p)->klass;
+	    if (RB_TYPE_P(m, T_MODULE))
+		rb_ary_push(ary, m);
 	}
     }
     return ary;
@@ -742,8 +1250,8 @@ rb_mod_included_modules(VALUE mod)
  *  call-seq:
  *     mod.include?(module)    -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns <code>true</code> if <i>module</i> is included in
- *  <i>mod</i> or one of <i>mod</i>'s ancestors.
+ *  Returns <code>true</code> if <i>module</i> is included
+ *  or prepended in <i>mod</i> or one of <i>mod</i>'s ancestors.
  *
  *     module A
  *     end
@@ -764,7 +1272,7 @@ rb_mod_include_p(VALUE mod, VALUE mod2)
 
     Check_Type(mod2, T_MODULE);
     for (p = RCLASS_SUPER(mod); p; p = RCLASS_SUPER(p)) {
-	if (BUILTIN_TYPE(p) == T_ICLASS) {
+        if (BUILTIN_TYPE(p) == T_ICLASS && !FL_TEST(p, RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN)) {
 	    if (RBASIC(p)->klass == mod2) return Qtrue;
 	}
     }
@@ -775,16 +1283,18 @@ rb_mod_include_p(VALUE mod, VALUE mod2)
  *  call-seq:
  *     mod.ancestors -> array
  *
- *  Returns a list of modules included in <i>mod</i> (including
- *  <i>mod</i> itself).
+ *  Returns a list of modules included/prepended in <i>mod</i>
+ *  (including <i>mod</i> itself).
  *
  *     module Mod
  *       include Math
  *       include Comparable
+ *       prepend Enumerable
  *     end
  *
- *     Mod.ancestors    #=> [Mod, Comparable, Math]
- *     Math.ancestors   #=> [Math]
+ *     Mod.ancestors        #=> [Enumerable, Mod, Comparable, Math]
+ *     Math.ancestors       #=> [Math]
+ *     Enumerable.ancestors #=> [Enumerable]
  */
 
 VALUE
@@ -793,115 +1303,142 @@ rb_mod_ancestors(VALUE mod)
     VALUE p, ary = rb_ary_new();
 
     for (p = mod; p; p = RCLASS_SUPER(p)) {
-	if (FL_TEST(p, FL_SINGLETON))
-	    continue;
+        if (p != RCLASS_ORIGIN(p)) continue;
 	if (BUILTIN_TYPE(p) == T_ICLASS) {
 	    rb_ary_push(ary, RBASIC(p)->klass);
 	}
-	else {
+        else {
 	    rb_ary_push(ary, p);
 	}
     }
     return ary;
 }
 
-#define VISI(x) ((x)&NOEX_MASK)
-#define VISI_CHECK(x,f) (VISI(x) == (f))
+static void
+ins_methods_push(st_data_t name, st_data_t ary)
+{
+    rb_ary_push((VALUE)ary, ID2SYM((ID)name));
+}
 
 static int
-ins_methods_push(ID name, long type, VALUE ary, long visi)
+ins_methods_i(st_data_t name, st_data_t type, st_data_t ary)
 {
-    if (type == -1) return ST_CONTINUE;
-
-    switch (visi) {
-      case NOEX_PRIVATE:
-      case NOEX_PROTECTED:
-      case NOEX_PUBLIC:
-	visi = (type == visi);
+    switch ((rb_method_visibility_t)type) {
+      case METHOD_VISI_UNDEF:
+      case METHOD_VISI_PRIVATE:
 	break;
-      default:
-	visi = (type != NOEX_PRIVATE);
+      default: /* everything but private */
+	ins_methods_push(name, ary);
 	break;
     }
-    if (visi) {
-	rb_ary_push(ary, ID2SYM(name));
-    }
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 static int
-ins_methods_i(st_data_t name, st_data_t type, st_data_t ary)
-{
-    return ins_methods_push((ID)name, (long)type, (VALUE)ary, -1); /* everything but private */
-}
-
-static int
 ins_methods_prot_i(st_data_t name, st_data_t type, st_data_t ary)
 {
-    return ins_methods_push((ID)name, (long)type, (VALUE)ary, NOEX_PROTECTED);
+    if ((rb_method_visibility_t)type == METHOD_VISI_PROTECTED) {
+	ins_methods_push(name, ary);
+    }
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 static int
 ins_methods_priv_i(st_data_t name, st_data_t type, st_data_t ary)
 {
-    return ins_methods_push((ID)name, (long)type, (VALUE)ary, NOEX_PRIVATE);
+    if ((rb_method_visibility_t)type == METHOD_VISI_PRIVATE) {
+	ins_methods_push(name, ary);
+    }
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
 static int
 ins_methods_pub_i(st_data_t name, st_data_t type, st_data_t ary)
 {
-    return ins_methods_push((ID)name, (long)type, (VALUE)ary, NOEX_PUBLIC);
+    if ((rb_method_visibility_t)type == METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC) {
+	ins_methods_push(name, ary);
+    }
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
-static int
-method_entry_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t data)
+struct method_entry_arg {
+    st_table *list;
+    int recur;
+};
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+method_entry_i(ID key, VALUE value, void *data)
 {
     const rb_method_entry_t *me = (const rb_method_entry_t *)value;
-    st_table *list = (st_table *)data;
-    long type;
+    struct method_entry_arg *arg = (struct method_entry_arg *)data;
+    rb_method_visibility_t type;
 
-    if ((ID)key == ID_ALLOCATOR) {
-	return ST_CONTINUE;
+    if (me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
+	VALUE owner = me->owner;
+	me = rb_resolve_refined_method(Qnil, me);
+	if (!me) return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+	if (!arg->recur && me->owner != owner) return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
     }
-
-    if (!st_lookup(list, key, 0)) {
+    if (!st_is_member(arg->list, key)) {
 	if (UNDEFINED_METHOD_ENTRY_P(me)) {
-	    type = -1; /* none */
+	    type = METHOD_VISI_UNDEF; /* none */
 	}
 	else {
-	    type = VISI(me->flag);
+	    type = METHOD_ENTRY_VISI(me);
 	}
-	st_add_direct(list, key, type);
+	st_add_direct(arg->list, key, (st_data_t)type);
     }
-    return ST_CONTINUE;
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+add_instance_method_list(VALUE mod, struct method_entry_arg *me_arg)
+{
+    struct rb_id_table *m_tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(mod);
+    if (!m_tbl) return;
+    rb_id_table_foreach(m_tbl, method_entry_i, me_arg);
+}
+
+static bool
+particular_class_p(VALUE mod)
+{
+    if (!mod) return false;
+    if (FL_TEST(mod, FL_SINGLETON)) return true;
+    if (BUILTIN_TYPE(mod) == T_ICLASS) return true;
+    return false;
 }
 
 static VALUE
-class_instance_method_list(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod, int obj, int (*func) (st_data_t, st_data_t, st_data_t))
+class_instance_method_list(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE mod, int obj, int (*func) (st_data_t, st_data_t, st_data_t))
 {
     VALUE ary;
-    int recur;
-    st_table *list;
+    int recur = TRUE, prepended = 0;
+    struct method_entry_arg me_arg;
+
+    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1)) recur = RTEST(argv[0]);
 
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	recur = TRUE;
+    me_arg.list = st_init_numtable();
+    me_arg.recur = recur;
+
+    if (obj) {
+        for (; particular_class_p(mod); mod = RCLASS_SUPER(mod)) {
+            add_instance_method_list(mod, &me_arg);
+        }
     }
-    else {
-	VALUE r;
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &r);
-	recur = RTEST(r);
+
+    if (!recur && RCLASS_ORIGIN(mod) != mod) {
+	mod = RCLASS_ORIGIN(mod);
+	prepended = 1;
     }
 
-    list = st_init_numtable();
     for (; mod; mod = RCLASS_SUPER(mod)) {
-	st_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(mod), method_entry_i, (st_data_t)list);
-	if (BUILTIN_TYPE(mod) == T_ICLASS) continue;
-	if (obj && FL_TEST(mod, FL_SINGLETON)) continue;
+        add_instance_method_list(mod, &me_arg);
+	if (BUILTIN_TYPE(mod) == T_ICLASS && !prepended) continue;
 	if (!recur) break;
     }
-    ary = rb_ary_new();
-    st_foreach(list, func, ary);
-    st_free_table(list);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(me_arg.list->num_entries);
+    st_foreach(me_arg.list, func, ary);
+    st_free_table(me_arg.list);
 
     return ary;
 }
@@ -912,29 +1449,29 @@ class_instance_method_list(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod, int obj, int (*func
  *
  *  Returns an array containing the names of the public and protected instance
  *  methods in the receiver. For a module, these are the public and protected methods;
- *  for a class, they are the instance (not singleton) methods. With no
- *  argument, or with an argument that is <code>false</code>, the
- *  instance methods in <i>mod</i> are returned, otherwise the methods
- *  in <i>mod</i> and <i>mod</i>'s superclasses are returned.
+ *  for a class, they are the instance (not singleton) methods. If the optional
+ *  parameter is <code>false</code>, the methods of any ancestors are not included.
  *
  *     module A
  *       def method1()  end
  *     end
  *     class B
+ *       include A
  *       def method2()  end
  *     end
  *     class C < B
  *       def method3()  end
  *     end
  *
- *     A.instance_methods                #=> [:method1]
- *     B.instance_methods(false)         #=> [:method2]
- *     C.instance_methods(false)         #=> [:method3]
- *     C.instance_methods(true).length   #=> 43
+ *     A.instance_methods(false)                   #=> [:method1]
+ *     B.instance_methods(false)                   #=> [:method2]
+ *     B.instance_methods(true).include?(:method1) #=> true
+ *     C.instance_methods(false)                   #=> [:method3]
+ *     C.instance_methods.include?(:method2)       #=> true
  */
 
 VALUE
-rb_class_instance_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
+rb_class_instance_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
 {
     return class_instance_method_list(argc, argv, mod, 0, ins_methods_i);
 }
@@ -944,12 +1481,12 @@ rb_class_instance_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
  *     mod.protected_instance_methods(include_super=true)   -> array
  *
  *  Returns a list of the protected instance methods defined in
- *  <i>mod</i>. If the optional parameter is not <code>false</code>, the
- *  methods of any ancestors are included.
+ *  <i>mod</i>. If the optional parameter is <code>false</code>, the
+ *  methods of any ancestors are not included.
  */
 
 VALUE
-rb_class_protected_instance_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
+rb_class_protected_instance_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
 {
     return class_instance_method_list(argc, argv, mod, 0, ins_methods_prot_i);
 }
@@ -959,8 +1496,8 @@ rb_class_protected_instance_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
  *     mod.private_instance_methods(include_super=true)    -> array
  *
  *  Returns a list of the private instance methods defined in
- *  <i>mod</i>. If the optional parameter is not <code>false</code>, the
- *  methods of any ancestors are included.
+ *  <i>mod</i>. If the optional parameter is <code>false</code>, the
+ *  methods of any ancestors are not included.
  *
  *     module Mod
  *       def method1()  end
@@ -972,7 +1509,7 @@ rb_class_protected_instance_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
  */
 
 VALUE
-rb_class_private_instance_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
+rb_class_private_instance_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
 {
     return class_instance_method_list(argc, argv, mod, 0, ins_methods_priv_i);
 }
@@ -982,23 +1519,26 @@ rb_class_private_instance_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
  *     mod.public_instance_methods(include_super=true)   -> array
  *
  *  Returns a list of the public instance methods defined in <i>mod</i>.
- *  If the optional parameter is not <code>false</code>, the methods of
- *  any ancestors are included.
+ *  If the optional parameter is <code>false</code>, the methods of
+ *  any ancestors are not included.
  */
 
 VALUE
-rb_class_public_instance_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
+rb_class_public_instance_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
 {
     return class_instance_method_list(argc, argv, mod, 0, ins_methods_pub_i);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     obj.methods    -> array
+ *     obj.methods(regular=true)    -> array
  *
  *  Returns a list of the names of public and protected methods of
  *  <i>obj</i>. This will include all the methods accessible in
  *  <i>obj</i>'s ancestors.
+ *  If the optional parameter is <code>false</code>, it
+ *  returns an array of <i>obj</i>'s public and protected singleton methods,
+ *  the array will not include methods in modules included in <i>obj</i>.
  *
  *     class Klass
  *       def klass_method()
@@ -1008,29 +1548,25 @@ rb_class_public_instance_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
  *     k.methods[0..9]    #=> [:klass_method, :nil?, :===,
  *                        #    :==~, :!, :eql?
  *                        #    :hash, :<=>, :class, :singleton_class]
- *     k.methods.length   #=> 57
+ *     k.methods.length   #=> 56
+ *
+ *     k.methods(false)   #=> []
+ *     def k.singleton_method; end
+ *     k.methods(false)   #=> [:singleton_method]
+ *
+ *     module M123; def m123; end end
+ *     k.extend M123
+ *     k.methods(false)   #=> [:singleton_method]
  */
 
 VALUE
-rb_obj_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+rb_obj_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 {
-  retry:
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	VALUE args[1];
-
-	args[0] = Qtrue;
-	return class_instance_method_list(argc, argv, CLASS_OF(obj), 1, ins_methods_i);
-    }
-    else {
-	VALUE recur;
-
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1", &recur);
-	if (RTEST(recur)) {
-	    argc = 0;
-	    goto retry;
-	}
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
+    if (argc > 0 && !RTEST(argv[0])) {
 	return rb_obj_singleton_methods(argc, argv, obj);
     }
+    return class_instance_method_list(argc, argv, CLASS_OF(obj), 1, ins_methods_i);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1043,7 +1579,7 @@ rb_obj_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
  */
 
 VALUE
-rb_obj_protected_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+rb_obj_protected_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 {
     return class_instance_method_list(argc, argv, CLASS_OF(obj), 1, ins_methods_prot_i);
 }
@@ -1058,7 +1594,7 @@ rb_obj_protected_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
  */
 
 VALUE
-rb_obj_private_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+rb_obj_private_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 {
     return class_instance_method_list(argc, argv, CLASS_OF(obj), 1, ins_methods_priv_i);
 }
@@ -1073,7 +1609,7 @@ rb_obj_private_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
  */
 
 VALUE
-rb_obj_public_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+rb_obj_public_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 {
     return class_instance_method_list(argc, argv, CLASS_OF(obj), 1, ins_methods_pub_i);
 }
@@ -1112,32 +1648,34 @@ rb_obj_public_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
  */
 
 VALUE
-rb_obj_singleton_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+rb_obj_singleton_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 {
-    VALUE recur, ary, klass;
-    st_table *list;
+    VALUE ary, klass, origin;
+    struct method_entry_arg me_arg;
+    struct rb_id_table *mtbl;
+    int recur = TRUE;
 
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	recur = Qtrue;
-    }
-    else {
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &recur);
+    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1)) recur = RTEST(argv[0]);
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_CLASS) && FL_TEST(obj, FL_SINGLETON)) {
+        rb_singleton_class(obj);
     }
     klass = CLASS_OF(obj);
-    list = st_init_numtable();
+    origin = RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass);
+    me_arg.list = st_init_numtable();
+    me_arg.recur = recur;
     if (klass && FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON)) {
-	st_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(klass), method_entry_i, (st_data_t)list);
+	if ((mtbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(origin)) != 0) rb_id_table_foreach(mtbl, method_entry_i, &me_arg);
 	klass = RCLASS_SUPER(klass);
     }
-    if (RTEST(recur)) {
-	while (klass && (FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON) || TYPE(klass) == T_ICLASS)) {
-	    st_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(klass), method_entry_i, (st_data_t)list);
+    if (recur) {
+	while (klass && (FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_ICLASS))) {
+	    if (klass != origin && (mtbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(klass)) != 0) rb_id_table_foreach(mtbl, method_entry_i, &me_arg);
 	    klass = RCLASS_SUPER(klass);
 	}
     }
-    ary = rb_ary_new();
-    st_foreach(list, ins_methods_i, ary);
-    st_free_table(list);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(me_arg.list->num_entries);
+    st_foreach(me_arg.list, ins_methods_i, ary);
+    st_free_table(me_arg.list);
 
     return ary;
 }
@@ -1199,34 +1737,63 @@ rb_obj_singleton_methods(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
  * \{
  */
 
+#ifdef rb_define_method_id
+#undef rb_define_method_id
+#endif
 void
 rb_define_method_id(VALUE klass, ID mid, VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS), int argc)
 {
-    rb_add_method_cfunc(klass, mid, func, argc, NOEX_PUBLIC);
+    rb_add_method_cfunc(klass, mid, func, argc, METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC);
 }
 
+#ifdef rb_define_method
+#undef rb_define_method
+#endif
 void
 rb_define_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS), int argc)
 {
-    rb_add_method_cfunc(klass, rb_intern(name), func, argc, NOEX_PUBLIC);
+    rb_add_method_cfunc(klass, rb_intern(name), func, argc, METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC);
 }
 
+#ifdef rb_define_protected_method
+#undef rb_define_protected_method
+#endif
 void
 rb_define_protected_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS), int argc)
 {
-    rb_add_method_cfunc(klass, rb_intern(name), func, argc, NOEX_PROTECTED);
+    rb_add_method_cfunc(klass, rb_intern(name), func, argc, METHOD_VISI_PROTECTED);
 }
 
+#ifdef rb_define_private_method
+#undef rb_define_private_method
+#endif
 void
 rb_define_private_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS), int argc)
 {
-    rb_add_method_cfunc(klass, rb_intern(name), func, argc, NOEX_PRIVATE);
+    rb_add_method_cfunc(klass, rb_intern(name), func, argc, METHOD_VISI_PRIVATE);
 }
 
 void
 rb_undef_method(VALUE klass, const char *name)
 {
-    rb_add_method(klass, rb_intern(name), VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF, 0, NOEX_UNDEF);
+    rb_add_method(klass, rb_intern(name), VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF, 0, METHOD_VISI_UNDEF);
+}
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+undef_method_i(ID name, VALUE value, void *data)
+{
+    VALUE klass = (VALUE)data;
+    rb_add_method(klass, name, VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF, 0, METHOD_VISI_UNDEF);
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+void
+rb_undef_methods_from(VALUE klass, VALUE super)
+{
+    struct rb_id_table *mtbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(super);
+    if (mtbl) {
+	rb_id_table_foreach(mtbl, undef_method_i, (void *)klass);
+    }
 }
 
 /*!
@@ -1237,12 +1804,22 @@ rb_undef_method(VALUE klass, const char *name)
  * \{
  */
 
-#define SPECIAL_SINGLETON(x,c) do {\
-    if (obj == (x)) {\
-	return (c);\
-    }\
-} while (0)
+static inline VALUE
+special_singleton_class_of(VALUE obj)
+{
+    switch (obj) {
+      case Qnil:   return rb_cNilClass;
+      case Qfalse: return rb_cFalseClass;
+      case Qtrue:  return rb_cTrueClass;
+      default:     return Qnil;
+    }
+}
 
+VALUE
+rb_special_singleton_class(VALUE obj)
+{
+    return special_singleton_class_of(obj);
+}
 
 /*!
  * \internal
@@ -1258,47 +1835,79 @@ singleton_class_of(VALUE obj)
 {
     VALUE klass;
 
-    if (FIXNUM_P(obj) || SYMBOL_P(obj)) {
+    switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+      case T_FIXNUM:
+      case T_BIGNUM:
+      case T_FLOAT:
+      case T_SYMBOL:
 	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't define singleton");
-    }
-    if (rb_special_const_p(obj)) {
-	SPECIAL_SINGLETON(Qnil, rb_cNilClass);
-	SPECIAL_SINGLETON(Qfalse, rb_cFalseClass);
-	SPECIAL_SINGLETON(Qtrue, rb_cTrueClass);
-	rb_bug("unknown immediate %p", (void *)obj);
-    }
 
-    if (FL_TEST(RBASIC(obj)->klass, FL_SINGLETON) &&
-	rb_ivar_get(RBASIC(obj)->klass, id_attached) == obj) {
-	klass = RBASIC(obj)->klass;
-    }
-    else {
-	klass = rb_make_metaclass(obj, RBASIC(obj)->klass);
-    }
+      case T_FALSE:
+      case T_TRUE:
+      case T_NIL:
+	klass = special_singleton_class_of(obj);
+	if (NIL_P(klass))
+	    rb_bug("unknown immediate %p", (void *)obj);
+	return klass;
 
-    if (OBJ_TAINTED(obj)) {
-	OBJ_TAINT(klass);
-    }
-    else {
-	FL_UNSET(klass, FL_TAINT);
-    }
-    if (OBJ_UNTRUSTED(obj)) {
-	OBJ_UNTRUST(klass);
+      case T_STRING:
+        if (FL_TEST_RAW(obj, RSTRING_FSTR)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't define singleton");
+        }
     }
-    else {
-	FL_UNSET(klass, FL_UNTRUSTED);
+
+    klass = RBASIC(obj)->klass;
+    if (!(FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON) &&
+          rb_attr_get(klass, id_attached) == obj)) {
+	rb_serial_t serial = RCLASS_SERIAL(klass);
+	klass = rb_make_metaclass(obj, klass);
+	RCLASS_SERIAL(klass) = serial;
     }
-    if (OBJ_FROZEN(obj)) OBJ_FREEZE(klass);
+
+    RB_FL_SET_RAW(klass, RB_OBJ_FROZEN_RAW(obj));
 
     return klass;
 }
 
+void
+rb_freeze_singleton_class(VALUE x)
+{
+    /* should not propagate to meta-meta-class, and so on */
+    if (!(RBASIC(x)->flags & FL_SINGLETON)) {
+	VALUE klass = RBASIC_CLASS(x);
+	if (klass && (klass = RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass)) != 0 &&
+	    FL_TEST(klass, (FL_SINGLETON|FL_FREEZE)) == FL_SINGLETON) {
+	    OBJ_FREEZE_RAW(klass);
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Returns the singleton class of \a obj, or nil if obj is not a
+ * singleton object.
+ *
+ * \param obj an arbitrary object.
+ * \return the singleton class or nil.
+ */
+VALUE
+rb_singleton_class_get(VALUE obj)
+{
+    VALUE klass;
+
+    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj)) {
+	return rb_special_singleton_class(obj);
+    }
+    klass = RBASIC(obj)->klass;
+    if (!FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON)) return Qnil;
+    if (rb_attr_get(klass, id_attached) != obj) return Qnil;
+    return klass;
+}
 
 /*!
  * Returns the singleton class of \a obj. Creates it if necessary.
  *
  * \param obj an arbitrary object.
- * \throw TypeError if \a obj is a Fixnum or a Symbol.
+ * \throw TypeError if \a obj is an Integer or a Symbol.
  * \return the singleton class.
  *
  * \post \a obj has its own singleton class.
@@ -1317,7 +1926,7 @@ rb_singleton_class(VALUE obj)
     VALUE klass = singleton_class_of(obj);
 
     /* ensures an exposed class belongs to its own eigenclass */
-    if (TYPE(obj) == T_CLASS) (void)ENSURE_EIGENCLASS(klass);
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_CLASS)) (void)ENSURE_EIGENCLASS(klass);
 
     return klass;
 }
@@ -1331,6 +1940,9 @@ rb_singleton_class(VALUE obj)
  * \{
  */
 
+#ifdef rb_define_singleton_method
+#undef rb_define_singleton_method
+#endif
 /*!
  * Defines a singleton method for \a obj.
  * \param obj    an arbitrary object
@@ -1344,8 +1956,9 @@ rb_define_singleton_method(VALUE obj, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS),
     rb_define_method(singleton_class_of(obj), name, func, argc);
 }
 
-
-
+#ifdef rb_define_module_function
+#undef rb_define_module_function
+#endif
 /*!
  * Defines a module function for \a module.
  * \param module  an module or a class.
@@ -1360,7 +1973,9 @@ rb_define_module_function(VALUE module, const char *name, VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS)
     rb_define_singleton_method(module, name, func, argc);
 }
 
-
+#ifdef rb_define_global_function
+#undef rb_define_global_function
+#endif
 /*!
  * Defines a global function
  * \param name    name of the function
@@ -1399,98 +2014,215 @@ rb_define_attr(VALUE klass, const char *name, int read, int write)
     rb_attr(klass, rb_intern(name), read, write, FALSE);
 }
 
-int
-rb_obj_basic_to_s_p(VALUE obj)
+MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED VALUE
+rb_keyword_error_new(const char *error, VALUE keys)
 {
-    const rb_method_entry_t *me = rb_method_entry(CLASS_OF(obj), rb_intern("to_s"));
-    if (me && me->def && me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_CFUNC &&
-	me->def->body.cfunc.func == rb_any_to_s)
-	return 1;
-    return 0;
+    long i = 0, len = RARRAY_LEN(keys);
+    VALUE error_message = rb_sprintf("%s keyword%.*s", error, len > 1, "s");
+
+    if (len > 0) {
+	rb_str_cat_cstr(error_message, ": ");
+	while (1) {
+            const VALUE k = RARRAY_AREF(keys, i);
+	    rb_str_append(error_message, rb_inspect(k));
+	    if (++i >= len) break;
+	    rb_str_cat_cstr(error_message, ", ");
+	}
+    }
+
+    return rb_exc_new_str(rb_eArgError, error_message);
 }
 
-#include <stdarg.h>
+NORETURN(static void rb_keyword_error(const char *error, VALUE keys));
+static void
+rb_keyword_error(const char *error, VALUE keys)
+{
+    rb_exc_raise(rb_keyword_error_new(error, keys));
+}
 
-int
-rb_scan_args(int argc, const VALUE *argv, const char *fmt, ...)
+NORETURN(static void unknown_keyword_error(VALUE hash, const ID *table, int keywords));
+static void
+unknown_keyword_error(VALUE hash, const ID *table, int keywords)
 {
     int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < keywords; i++) {
+	st_data_t key = ID2SYM(table[i]);
+        rb_hash_stlike_delete(hash, &key, NULL);
+    }
+    rb_keyword_error("unknown", rb_hash_keys(hash));
+}
+
+
+static int
+separate_symbol(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t arg)
+{
+    VALUE *kwdhash = (VALUE *)arg;
+    if (!SYMBOL_P(key)) kwdhash++;
+    if (!*kwdhash) *kwdhash = rb_hash_new();
+    rb_hash_aset(*kwdhash, (VALUE)key, (VALUE)value);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_extract_keywords(VALUE *orighash)
+{
+    VALUE parthash[2] = {0, 0};
+    VALUE hash = *orighash;
+
+    if (RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash)) {
+	*orighash = 0;
+	return hash;
+    }
+    rb_hash_foreach(hash, separate_symbol, (st_data_t)&parthash);
+    *orighash = parthash[1];
+    if (parthash[1] && RBASIC_CLASS(hash) != rb_cHash) {
+        RBASIC_SET_CLASS(parthash[1], RBASIC_CLASS(hash));
+    }
+    return parthash[0];
+}
+
+int
+rb_get_kwargs(VALUE keyword_hash, const ID *table, int required, int optional, VALUE *values)
+{
+    int i = 0, j;
+    int rest = 0;
+    VALUE missing = Qnil;
+    st_data_t key;
+
+#define extract_kwarg(keyword, val) \
+    (key = (st_data_t)(keyword), values ? \
+     (rb_hash_stlike_delete(keyword_hash, &key, &(val)) || ((val) = Qundef, 0)) : \
+     rb_hash_stlike_lookup(keyword_hash, key, NULL))
+
+    if (NIL_P(keyword_hash)) keyword_hash = 0;
+
+    if (optional < 0) {
+	rest = 1;
+	optional = -1-optional;
+    }
+    if (required) {
+	for (; i < required; i++) {
+	    VALUE keyword = ID2SYM(table[i]);
+	    if (keyword_hash) {
+                if (extract_kwarg(keyword, values[i])) {
+		    continue;
+		}
+	    }
+	    if (NIL_P(missing)) missing = rb_ary_tmp_new(1);
+	    rb_ary_push(missing, keyword);
+	}
+	if (!NIL_P(missing)) {
+	    rb_keyword_error("missing", missing);
+	}
+    }
+    j = i;
+    if (optional && keyword_hash) {
+	for (i = 0; i < optional; i++) {
+            if (extract_kwarg(ID2SYM(table[required+i]), values[required+i])) {
+		j++;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    if (!rest && keyword_hash) {
+	if (RHASH_SIZE(keyword_hash) > (unsigned int)(values ? 0 : j)) {
+	    unknown_keyword_error(keyword_hash, table, required+optional);
+	}
+    }
+    if (values && !keyword_hash) {
+        for (i = 0; i < required + optional; i++) {
+            values[i] = Qundef;
+        }
+    }
+    return j;
+#undef extract_kwarg
+}
+
+struct rb_scan_args_t {
+    int kw_flag;
+    int n_lead;
+    int n_opt;
+    int n_trail;
+    bool f_var;
+    bool f_hash;
+    bool f_block;
+};
+
+static void
+rb_scan_args_parse(int kw_flag, const char *fmt, struct rb_scan_args_t *arg)
+{
     const char *p = fmt;
-    VALUE *var;
-    va_list vargs;
-    int f_var = 0, f_hash = 0, f_block = 0;
-    int n_lead = 0, n_opt = 0, n_trail = 0, n_mand;
-    int argi = 0;
-    VALUE hash = Qnil;
+
+    memset(arg, 0, sizeof(*arg));
+    arg->kw_flag = kw_flag;
 
     if (ISDIGIT(*p)) {
-	n_lead = *p - '0';
+        arg->n_lead = *p - '0';
 	p++;
 	if (ISDIGIT(*p)) {
-	    n_opt = *p - '0';
+            arg->n_opt = *p - '0';
 	    p++;
-	    if (ISDIGIT(*p)) {
-		n_trail = *p - '0';
-		p++;
-		goto block_arg;
-	    }
 	}
     }
     if (*p == '*') {
-	f_var = 1;
+        arg->f_var = 1;
+	p++;
+    }
+    if (ISDIGIT(*p)) {
+        arg->n_trail = *p - '0';
 	p++;
-	if (ISDIGIT(*p)) {
-	    n_trail = *p - '0';
-	    p++;
-	}
     }
-  block_arg:
     if (*p == ':') {
-	f_hash = 1;
+        arg->f_hash = 1;
 	p++;
     }
     if (*p == '&') {
-	f_block = 1;
+        arg->f_block = 1;
 	p++;
     }
     if (*p != '\0') {
 	rb_fatal("bad scan arg format: %s", fmt);
     }
-    n_mand = n_lead + n_trail;
-
-    if (argc < n_mand)
-	goto argc_error;
-
-    va_start(vargs, fmt);
-
-    /* capture an option hash - phase 1: pop */
-    if (f_hash && n_mand < argc) {
-	VALUE last = argv[argc - 1];
+}
 
-	if (NIL_P(last)) {
-	    /* nil is taken as an empty option hash only if it is not
-	       ambiguous; i.e. '*' is not specified and arguments are
-	       given more than sufficient */
-	    if (!f_var && n_mand + n_opt < argc)
-		argc--;
-	}
-	else {
-	    hash = rb_check_convert_type(last, T_HASH, "Hash", "to_hash");
-	    if (!NIL_P(hash))
-		argc--;
-	}
+static int
+rb_scan_args_assign(const struct rb_scan_args_t *arg, int argc, const VALUE *const argv, va_list vargs)
+{
+    int i, argi = 0;
+    VALUE *var, hash = Qnil;
+#define rb_scan_args_next_param() va_arg(vargs, VALUE *)
+    const int kw_flag = arg->kw_flag;
+    const int n_lead = arg->n_lead;
+    const int n_opt = arg->n_opt;
+    const int n_trail = arg->n_trail;
+    const int n_mand = n_lead + n_trail;
+    const bool f_var = arg->f_var;
+    const bool f_hash = arg->f_hash;
+    const bool f_block = arg->f_block;
+
+    /* capture an option hash - phase 1: pop from the argv */
+    if (f_hash && argc > 0) {
+        VALUE last = argv[argc - 1];
+        if (rb_scan_args_keyword_p(kw_flag, last)) {
+            hash = rb_hash_dup(last);
+            argc--;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (argc < n_mand) {
+        goto argc_error;
     }
+
     /* capture leading mandatory arguments */
-    for (i = n_lead; i-- > 0; ) {
-	var = va_arg(vargs, VALUE *);
-	if (var) *var = argv[argi];
+    for (i = 0; i < n_lead; i++) {
+        var = rb_scan_args_next_param();
+        if (var) *var = argv[argi];
 	argi++;
     }
     /* capture optional arguments */
-    for (i = n_opt; i-- > 0; ) {
-	var = va_arg(vargs, VALUE *);
-	if (argi < argc - n_trail) {
-	    if (var) *var = argv[argi];
+    for (i = 0; i < n_opt; i++) {
+        var = rb_scan_args_next_param();
+        if (argi < argc - n_trail) {
+            if (var) *var = argv[argi];
 	    argi++;
 	}
 	else {
@@ -1499,11 +2231,11 @@ rb_scan_args(int argc, const VALUE *argv, const char *fmt, ...)
     }
     /* capture variable length arguments */
     if (f_var) {
-	int n_var = argc - argi - n_trail;
+        int n_var = argc - argi - n_trail;
 
-	var = va_arg(vargs, VALUE *);
+        var = rb_scan_args_next_param();
 	if (0 < n_var) {
-	    if (var) *var = rb_ary_new4(n_var, &argv[argi]);
+            if (var) *var = rb_ary_new_from_values(n_var, &argv[argi]);
 	    argi += n_var;
 	}
 	else {
@@ -1511,19 +2243,19 @@ rb_scan_args(int argc, const VALUE *argv, const char *fmt, ...)
 	}
     }
     /* capture trailing mandatory arguments */
-    for (i = n_trail; i-- > 0; ) {
-	var = va_arg(vargs, VALUE *);
-	if (var) *var = argv[argi];
+    for (i = 0; i < n_trail; i++) {
+        var = rb_scan_args_next_param();
+        if (var) *var = argv[argi];
 	argi++;
     }
     /* capture an option hash - phase 2: assignment */
     if (f_hash) {
-	var = va_arg(vargs, VALUE *);
-	if (var) *var = hash;
+        var = rb_scan_args_next_param();
+        if (var) *var = hash;
     }
     /* capture iterator block */
     if (f_block) {
-	var = va_arg(vargs, VALUE *);
+        var = rb_scan_args_next_param();
 	if (rb_block_given_p()) {
 	    *var = rb_block_proc();
 	}
@@ -1531,20 +2263,64 @@ rb_scan_args(int argc, const VALUE *argv, const char *fmt, ...)
 	    *var = Qnil;
 	}
     }
-    va_end(vargs);
-
-    if (argi < argc)
-	goto argc_error;
 
-    return argc;
+    if (argi == argc) {
+        return argc;
+    }
 
   argc_error:
-    if (0 < n_opt)
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for %d..%d%s)",
-		 argc, n_mand, n_mand + n_opt, f_var ? "+" : "");
-    else
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for %d%s)",
-		 argc, n_mand, f_var ? "+" : "");
+    return -(argc + 1);
+#undef rb_scan_args_next_param
+}
+
+static int
+rb_scan_args_result(const struct rb_scan_args_t *const arg, int argc)
+{
+    const int n_lead = arg->n_lead;
+    const int n_opt = arg->n_opt;
+    const int n_trail = arg->n_trail;
+    const int n_mand = n_lead + n_trail;
+    const bool f_var = arg->f_var;
+
+    if (argc >= 0) {
+        return argc;
+    }
+
+    argc = -argc - 1;
+    rb_error_arity(argc, n_mand, f_var ? UNLIMITED_ARGUMENTS : n_mand + n_opt);
+    UNREACHABLE_RETURN(-1);
+}
+
+#undef rb_scan_args
+int
+rb_scan_args(int argc, const VALUE *argv, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list vargs;
+    struct rb_scan_args_t arg;
+    rb_scan_args_parse(RB_SCAN_ARGS_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS, fmt, &arg);
+    va_start(vargs,fmt);
+    argc = rb_scan_args_assign(&arg, argc, argv, vargs);
+    va_end(vargs);
+    return rb_scan_args_result(&arg, argc);
+}
+
+#undef rb_scan_args_kw
+int
+rb_scan_args_kw(int kw_flag, int argc, const VALUE *argv, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list vargs;
+    struct rb_scan_args_t arg;
+    rb_scan_args_parse(kw_flag, fmt, &arg);
+    va_start(vargs,fmt);
+    argc = rb_scan_args_assign(&arg, argc, argv, vargs);
+    va_end(vargs);
+    return rb_scan_args_result(&arg, argc);
+}
+
+int
+rb_class_has_methods(VALUE c)
+{
+    return rb_id_table_size(RCLASS_M_TBL(c)) == 0 ? FALSE : TRUE;
 }
 
 /*!
diff --git a/common.mk b/common.mk
index ccc964701e..6372cbf92c 100644
--- a/common.mk
+++ b/common.mk
@@ -1,70 +1,123 @@
+# -*- mode: makefile-gmake; indent-tabs-mode: t -*-
+
 bin: $(PROGRAM) $(WPROGRAM)
 lib: $(LIBRUBY)
 dll: $(LIBRUBY_SO)
 
-.SUFFIXES: .inc .h .c .y .i
+.SUFFIXES: .rbinc .rb .inc .h .c .y .i .$(ASMEXT) .$(DTRACE_EXT)
 
 # V=0 quiet, V=1 verbose.  other values don't work.
 V = 0
 Q1 = $(V:1=)
 Q = $(Q1:0=@)
-n=$(NULLCMD)
-ECHO1 = $(V:1=@$n)
-ECHO = $(ECHO1:0=@echo)
-
-RUBYLIB       = -
+ECHO0 = $(ECHO1:0=echo)
+ECHO = @$(ECHO0)
+
+mflags = $(MFLAGS)
+gnumake_recursive =
+enable_shared = $(ENABLE_SHARED:no=)
+
+UNICODE_VERSION = 12.1.0
+UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION = 12.1
+UNICODE_BETA = NO
+
+### set the following environment variable or uncomment the line if
+### the Unicode data files should be updated completely on every update ('make up',...).
+# ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE = yes
+UNICODE_DATA_DIR = enc/unicode/data/$(UNICODE_VERSION)/ucd
+UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR = $(srcdir)/$(UNICODE_DATA_DIR)
+UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR = $(srcdir)/enc/unicode/data/emoji/$(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION)
+UNICODE_HDR_DIR = $(srcdir)/enc/unicode/$(UNICODE_VERSION)
+UNICODE_DATA_HEADERS = \
+	$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)/casefold.h \
+	$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)/name2ctype.h \
+	$(empty)
+
+RUBY_RELEASE_DATE = $(RUBY_RELEASE_YEAR)-$(RUBY_RELEASE_MONTH)-$(RUBY_RELEASE_DAY)
+RUBYLIB       = $(PATH_SEPARATOR)
 RUBYOPT       = -
 RUN_OPTS      = --disable-gems
 
-SPEC_GIT_BASE = git://github.com/rubyspec
-MSPEC_GIT_URL = $(SPEC_GIT_BASE)/mspec.git
-RUBYSPEC_GIT_URL = $(SPEC_GIT_BASE)/rubyspec.git
+# GITPULLOPTIONS = --no-tags
+
+INCFLAGS = -I. -I$(arch_hdrdir) -I$(hdrdir) -I$(srcdir) -I$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)
+
+GEM_HOME =
+GEM_PATH =
+GEM_VENDOR =
+
+BENCHMARK_DRIVER_GIT_URL = https://github.com/benchmark-driver/benchmark-driver
+BENCHMARK_DRIVER_GIT_REF = v0.15.15
+SIMPLECOV_GIT_URL = https://github.com/colszowka/simplecov.git
+SIMPLECOV_GIT_REF = v0.17.0
+SIMPLECOV_HTML_GIT_URL = https://github.com/colszowka/simplecov-html.git
+SIMPLECOV_HTML_GIT_REF = v0.10.2
+DOCLIE_GIT_URL = https://github.com/ms-ati/docile.git
+DOCLIE_GIT_REF = v1.3.2
 
 STATIC_RUBY   = static-ruby
 
+TIMESTAMPDIR  = $(EXTOUT)/.timestamp
+RUBYCOMMONDIR = $(EXTOUT)/common
 EXTCONF       = extconf.rb
-RBCONFIG      = ./.rbconfig.time
 LIBRUBY_EXTS  = ./.libruby-with-ext.time
 REVISION_H    = ./.revision.time
-PLATFORM_D    = ./$(PLATFORM_DIR)/.time
+PLATFORM_D    = $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.$(PLATFORM_DIR).time
+ENC_TRANS_D   = $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.enc-trans.time
+RDOC          = $(XRUBY) "$(srcdir)/libexec/rdoc" --root "$(srcdir)" --encoding=UTF-8 --all
 RDOCOUT       = $(EXTOUT)/rdoc
+HTMLOUT       = $(EXTOUT)/html
 CAPIOUT       = doc/capi
-ID_H_TARGET   = -id.h-
+INSTALL_DOC_OPTS = --rdoc-output="$(RDOCOUT)" --html-output="$(HTMLOUT)"
+RDOC_GEN_OPTS = --page-dir "$(srcdir)/doc" --no-force-update
 
-DMYEXT	      = dmyext.$(OBJEXT)
+INITOBJS      = dmyext.$(OBJEXT) dmyenc.$(OBJEXT)
 NORMALMAINOBJ = main.$(OBJEXT)
 MAINOBJ       = $(NORMALMAINOBJ)
-EXTOBJS	      = 
-DLDOBJS	      = $(DMYEXT)
-MINIOBJS      = $(ARCHMINIOBJS) dmyencoding.$(OBJEXT) dmyversion.$(OBJEXT) miniprelude.$(OBJEXT)
+DLDOBJS	      = $(INITOBJS)
+EXTSOLIBS     =
+MINIOBJS      = $(ARCHMINIOBJS) miniinit.$(OBJEXT) dmyext.$(OBJEXT)
 ENC_MK        = enc.mk
+MAKE_ENC      = -f $(ENC_MK) V="$(V)" UNICODE_HDR_DIR="$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)" \
+		RUBY="$(MINIRUBY)" MINIRUBY="$(MINIRUBY)" $(mflags)
 
 COMMONOBJS    = array.$(OBJEXT) \
+		ast.$(OBJEXT) \
 		bignum.$(OBJEXT) \
 		class.$(OBJEXT) \
 		compar.$(OBJEXT) \
+		compile.$(OBJEXT) \
 		complex.$(OBJEXT) \
+		cont.$(OBJEXT) \
+		debug.$(OBJEXT) \
+		debug_counter.$(OBJEXT) \
 		dir.$(OBJEXT) \
 		dln_find.$(OBJEXT) \
+		encoding.$(OBJEXT) \
 		enum.$(OBJEXT) \
 		enumerator.$(OBJEXT) \
 		error.$(OBJEXT) \
 		eval.$(OBJEXT) \
-		load.$(OBJEXT) \
-		proc.$(OBJEXT) \
 		file.$(OBJEXT) \
 		gc.$(OBJEXT) \
 		hash.$(OBJEXT) \
 		inits.$(OBJEXT) \
 		io.$(OBJEXT) \
+		iseq.$(OBJEXT) \
+		load.$(OBJEXT) \
 		marshal.$(OBJEXT) \
 		math.$(OBJEXT) \
+		memory_view.$(OBJEXT) \
+		mjit.$(OBJEXT) \
+		mjit_compile.$(OBJEXT) \
 		node.$(OBJEXT) \
 		numeric.$(OBJEXT) \
 		object.$(OBJEXT) \
 		pack.$(OBJEXT) \
 		parse.$(OBJEXT) \
+		proc.$(OBJEXT) \
 		process.$(OBJEXT) \
+		ractor.$(OBJEXT) \
 		random.$(OBJEXT) \
 		range.$(OBJEXT) \
 		rational.$(OBJEXT) \
@@ -76,51 +129,57 @@ COMMONOBJS    = array.$(OBJEXT) \
 		regparse.$(OBJEXT) \
 		regsyntax.$(OBJEXT) \
 		ruby.$(OBJEXT) \
-		safe.$(OBJEXT) \
+		scheduler.$(OBJEXT) \
 		signal.$(OBJEXT) \
 		sprintf.$(OBJEXT) \
 		st.$(OBJEXT) \
 		strftime.$(OBJEXT) \
 		string.$(OBJEXT) \
 		struct.$(OBJEXT) \
+		symbol.$(OBJEXT) \
+		thread.$(OBJEXT) \
 		time.$(OBJEXT) \
 		transcode.$(OBJEXT) \
+		transient_heap.$(OBJEXT) \
 		util.$(OBJEXT) \
 		variable.$(OBJEXT) \
-		compile.$(OBJEXT) \
-		debug.$(OBJEXT) \
-		iseq.$(OBJEXT) \
+		version.$(OBJEXT) \
 		vm.$(OBJEXT) \
+		vm_backtrace.$(OBJEXT) \
 		vm_dump.$(OBJEXT) \
-		thread.$(OBJEXT) \
-		cont.$(OBJEXT) \
+		vm_sync.$(OBJEXT) \
+		vm_trace.$(OBJEXT) \
+		$(COROUTINE_OBJ) \
+		$(DTRACE_OBJ) \
 		$(BUILTIN_ENCOBJS) \
 		$(BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS) \
 		$(MISSING)
 
-EXPORTOBJS    = dln.$(OBJEXT) \
-		encoding.$(OBJEXT) \
-		version.$(OBJEXT) \
+EXPORTOBJS    = $(DLNOBJ) \
+		localeinit.$(OBJEXT) \
+		loadpath.$(OBJEXT) \
 		$(COMMONOBJS)
 
-OBJS          = $(EXPORTOBJS) prelude.$(OBJEXT)
+OBJS          = $(EXPORTOBJS) builtin.$(OBJEXT)
+ALLOBJS       = $(NORMALMAINOBJ) $(MINIOBJS) $(COMMONOBJS) $(INITOBJS)
 
 GOLFOBJS      = goruby.$(OBJEXT) golf_prelude.$(OBJEXT)
 
-PRELUDE_SCRIPTS = $(srcdir)/prelude.rb $(srcdir)/enc/prelude.rb $(DEFAULT_PRELUDES)
-GEM_PRELUDE = $(srcdir)/gem_prelude.rb
-YES_GEM_PRELUDE = $(GEM_PRELUDE)
-NO_GEM_PRELUDE =
-PRELUDES      = prelude.c miniprelude.c
-GOLFPRELUDES = golf_prelude.c
+DEFAULT_PRELUDES = $(GEM_PRELUDE)
+PRELUDE_SCRIPTS = $(DEFAULT_PRELUDES)
+GEM_PRELUDE   =
+PRELUDES      = {$(srcdir)}miniprelude.c
+GOLFPRELUDES  = {$(srcdir)}golf_prelude.c
 
 SCRIPT_ARGS   =	--dest-dir="$(DESTDIR)" \
 		--extout="$(EXTOUT)" \
 		--mflags="$(MFLAGS)" \
 		--make-flags="$(MAKEFLAGS)"
 EXTMK_ARGS    =	$(SCRIPT_ARGS) --extension $(EXTS) --extstatic $(EXTSTATIC) \
-		--make-flags="V=$(V) MINIRUBY='$(MINIRUBY)'" --
-INSTRUBY      =	$(SUDO) $(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/rbinstall.rb
+		--make-flags="V=$(V) MINIRUBY='$(MINIRUBY)'" \
+		--gnumake=$(gnumake) --extflags="$(EXTLDFLAGS)" \
+		--
+INSTRUBY      =	$(SUDO) $(RUNRUBY) -r./$(arch)-fake $(tooldir)/rbinstall.rb
 INSTRUBY_ARGS =	$(SCRIPT_ARGS) \
 		--data-mode=$(INSTALL_DATA_MODE) \
 		--prog-mode=$(INSTALL_PROG_MODE) \
@@ -129,27 +188,69 @@ INSTRUBY_ARGS =	$(SCRIPT_ARGS) \
 INSTALL_PROG_MODE = 0755
 INSTALL_DATA_MODE = 0644
 
-PRE_LIBRUBY_UPDATE = $(MINIRUBY) -e 'ARGV[1] or File.unlink(ARGV[0]) rescue nil' -- \
-			$(LIBRUBY_EXTS) $(LIBRUBY_SO_UPDATE)
-
 TESTSDIR      = $(srcdir)/test
+TOOL_TESTSDIR = $(tooldir)/test
+TEST_EXCLUDES = --excludes-dir=$(TESTSDIR)/excludes --name=!/memory_leak/
 TESTWORKDIR   = testwork
+TESTOPTS      = $(RUBY_TESTOPTS)
 
 TESTRUN_SCRIPT = $(srcdir)/test.rb
 
-BOOTSTRAPRUBY = $(BASERUBY)
+COMPILE_PRELUDE = $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/prelude.c.tmpl \
+	$(tooldir)/ruby_vm/helpers/c_escape.rb
 
-COMPILE_PRELUDE = $(MINIRUBY) -I$(srcdir) $(srcdir)/tool/compile_prelude.rb
+SHOWFLAGS = showflags
 
-all: showflags main docs
+MAKE_LINK = $(MINIRUBY) -rfileutils -e "include FileUtils::Verbose" \
+	  -e "src, dest = ARGV" \
+	  -e "exit if File.identical?(src, dest) or cmp(src, dest) rescue nil" \
+	  -e "def noraise; yield; rescue; rescue NotImplementedError; end" \
+	  -e "noraise {ln_sf('../'*dest.count('/')+src, dest)} or" \
+	  -e "noraise {ln(src, dest)} or" \
+	  -e "cp(src, dest)"
 
-main: showflags encs exts
+
+all: $(SHOWFLAGS) main docs
+
+main: $(SHOWFLAGS) exts $(ENCSTATIC:static=lib)encs programs
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
+mjit-headers: $(MJIT_SUPPORT)-mjit-headers
+no-mjit-headers: PHONY
+yes-mjit-headers: mjit_config.h PHONY
+
+mjit.$(OBJEXT): mjit_config.h
+mjit_config.h: Makefile
+
+
+# These rules using MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX must be in common.mk, not
+# Makefile.in, in order to override the macro in defs/universal.mk.
+
+# Other `-Dxxx`s preceding `-DMJIT_HEADER` will be removed in transform_mjit_header.rb.
+# So `-DMJIT_HEADER` should be passed first when rb_mjit_header.h is generated.
+$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)$(MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX).time: probes.h vm.$(OBJEXT) \
+		$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(arch)/.time $(tooldir)/mjit_tabs.rb $(PREP) $(RBCONFIG)
+	$(ECHO) building $(@F:.time=.h)
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/mjit_tabs.rb "$(MJIT_TABS)" \
+		$(CPP) -DMJIT_HEADER $(MJIT_HEADER_FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(XCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(srcdir)/vm.c $(CPPOUTFLAG)$(@F:.time=.h).new
+	$(Q) $(IFCHANGE) "--timestamp=$@" $(@F:.time=.h) $(@F:.time=.h).new
+
+$(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)$(MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX).h: $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)$(MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX).time
+
+$(MJIT_MIN_HEADER:.h=)$(MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX).h: \
+		$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)$(MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX).time \
+		$(tooldir)/transform_mjit_header.rb $(PREP) \
+		$(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)$(MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX).h
+	$(ECHO) building $@
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/transform_mjit_header.rb "$(CC) $(ARCH_FLAG) $(CFLAGS)" $(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)$(MJIT_HEADER_ARCH).h $@
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(MJIT_HEADER_INSTALL_DIR)
+	$(Q) $(MAKE_LINK) $@ $(MJIT_HEADER_INSTALL_DIR)/$(@F)
+
 .PHONY: showflags
-exts enc trans: showflags
+exts enc trans: $(SHOWFLAGS)
 showflags:
 	$(MESSAGE_BEGIN) \
+	"	BASERUBY = $(BASERUBY)" \
 	"	CC = $(CC)" \
 	"	LD = $(LD)" \
 	"	LDSHARED = $(LDSHARED)" \
@@ -158,72 +259,112 @@ showflags:
 	"	CPPFLAGS = $(CPPFLAGS)" \
 	"	DLDFLAGS = $(DLDFLAGS)" \
 	"	SOLIBS = $(SOLIBS)" \
+	"	LANG = $(LANG)" \
+	"	LC_ALL = $(LC_ALL)" \
+	"	LC_CTYPE = $(LC_CTYPE)" \
+	"	MFLAGS = $(MFLAGS)" \
 	$(MESSAGE_END)
+	-@$(CC_VERSION)
 
 .PHONY: showconfig
 showconfig:
-	@$(MESSAGE_BEGIN) \
-	"$(configure_args)" \
-	$(MESSAGE_END)
+	@$(ECHO_BEGIN) \
+	$(configure_args) \
+	$(ECHO_END)
+
+EXTS_NOTE = -f $(EXTS_MK) $(mflags) RUBY="$(MINIRUBY)" top_srcdir="$(srcdir)" note
 
 exts: build-ext
 
 EXTS_MK = exts.mk
-$(EXTS_MK): $(MKFILES) incs $(PREP) $(RBCONFIG) $(LIBRUBY)
-	@$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/ext/extmk.rb --make="$(MAKE)" --command-output=$(EXTS_MK) $(EXTMK_ARGS) configure
+$(EXTS_MK): ext/configure-ext.mk $(srcdir)/template/exts.mk.tmpl \
+	    $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(arch)/.time $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.RUBYCOMMONDIR.time
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f ext/configure-ext.mk $(mflags) V=$(V) EXTSTATIC=$(EXTSTATIC) \
+		gnumake=$(gnumake) MINIRUBY="$(MINIRUBY)" \
+		EXTLDFLAGS="$(EXTLDFLAGS)" srcdir="$(srcdir)"
+	$(ECHO) generating makefile $@
+	$(Q)$(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -o $@ -c \
+	    $(srcdir)/template/exts.mk.tmpl --gnumake=$(gnumake) --configure-exts=ext/configure-ext.mk
+
+ext/configure-ext.mk: $(PREP) all-incs $(MKFILES) $(RBCONFIG) $(LIBRUBY) \
+		$(srcdir)/template/configure-ext.mk.tmpl
+	$(ECHO) generating makefiles $@
+	$(Q)$(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	$(Q)$(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -o $@ -c \
+	    $(srcdir)/template/$(@F).tmpl --srcdir="$(srcdir)" \
+	    --miniruby="$(MINIRUBY)" --script-args='$(SCRIPT_ARGS)'
 
 configure-ext: $(EXTS_MK)
 
 build-ext: $(EXTS_MK)
-	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(EXTS_MK) $(MFLAGS)
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(EXTS_MK) $(mflags) libdir="$(libdir)" LIBRUBY_EXTS=$(LIBRUBY_EXTS) \
+	    EXTENCS="$(ENCOBJS)" UPDATE_LIBRARIES=no $(EXTSTATIC)
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(EXTS_NOTE)
 
-$(MKMAIN_CMD): $(MKFILES) incs $(PREP) $(RBCONFIG) $(LIBRUBY)
-	@$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/ext/extmk.rb --make="$(MAKE)" --command-output=$@ $(EXTMK_ARGS)
+exts-note: $(EXTS_MK)
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(EXTS_NOTE)
 
-prog: program wprogram
+ext/extinit.c: $(srcdir)/template/extinit.c.tmpl $(PREP)
+	$(Q)$(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -o $@ -c \
+	    $(srcdir)/template/extinit.c.tmpl $(EXTINITS)
 
-loadpath: $(PREP) PHONY
-	$(MINIRUBY) -e 'p $$:'
+prog: program wprogram
+programs: $(PROGRAM) $(WPROGRAM) $(arch)-fake.rb
 
 $(PREP): $(MKFILES)
 
-miniruby$(EXEEXT): config.status $(NORMALMAINOBJ) $(MINIOBJS) $(COMMONOBJS) $(DMYEXT) $(ARCHFILE)
+miniruby$(EXEEXT): config.status $(ALLOBJS) $(ARCHFILE)
+
+objs: $(ALLOBJS)
 
 GORUBY = go$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)
-golf: $(LIBRUBY) $(GOLFOBJS) PHONY
-	$(Q) $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) MAINOBJ="$(GOLFOBJS)" PROGRAM=$(GORUBY)$(EXEEXT) program
+GOLF = $(GORUBY)
+golf: $(GOLF)
+$(GOLF): $(LIBRUBY) $(GOLFOBJS) PHONY
+	$(Q) $(MAKE) $(mflags) \
+		GOLF=_dummy_golf_target_to_avoid_conflict_just_in_case_ \
+		MAINOBJ=goruby.$(OBJEXT) \
+		EXTOBJS="golf_prelude.$(OBJEXT) $(EXTOBJS)" \
+		PROGRAM=$(GORUBY)$(EXEEXT) \
+		V=$(V) \
+	program
 capi: $(CAPIOUT)/.timestamp PHONY
 
-doc/capi/.timestamp: Doxyfile $(PREP)
-	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) doc/capi
+$(CAPIOUT)/.timestamp: Doxyfile $(PREP)
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(@D)"
 	$(ECHO) generating capi
-	$(Q) $(DOXYGEN) -b
-	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) -e 'File.open("$(CAPIOUT)/.timestamp", "w"){|f| f.puts(Time.now)}'
+	-$(Q) $(DOXYGEN) -b
+	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) -e 'File.open(ARGV[0], "w"){'"|f|"' f.puts(Time.now)}' "$@"
 
-Doxyfile: $(srcdir)/template/Doxyfile.tmpl $(PREP) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb $(RBCONFIG)
+Doxyfile: $(srcdir)/template/Doxyfile.tmpl $(PREP) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(RBCONFIG)
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/Doxyfile.tmpl \
+	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/Doxyfile.tmpl \
 	--srcdir="$(srcdir)" --miniruby="$(MINIRUBY)"
 
-program: showflags $(PROGRAM)
-wprogram: showflags $(WPROGRAM)
+program: $(SHOWFLAGS) $(PROGRAM)
+wprogram: $(SHOWFLAGS) $(WPROGRAM)
+mini: PHONY miniruby$(EXEEXT)
 
-$(PROGRAM): $(LIBRUBY) $(MAINOBJ) $(OBJS) $(EXTOBJS) $(SETUP) $(PREP)
+$(PROGRAM) $(WPROGRAM): $(LIBRUBY) $(MAINOBJ) $(OBJS) $(EXTOBJS) $(SETUP) $(PREP)
 
-$(LIBRUBY_A):	$(OBJS) $(DMYEXT) $(ARCHFILE)
+$(LIBRUBY_A):	$(LIBRUBY_A_OBJS) $(MAINOBJ) $(INITOBJS) $(ARCHFILE)
 
-$(LIBRUBY_SO):	$(OBJS) $(DLDOBJS) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(PREP) $(LIBRUBY_SO_UPDATE) $(BUILTIN_ENCOBJS)
+$(LIBRUBY_SO):	$(OBJS) $(DLDOBJS) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(PREP) $(BUILTIN_ENCOBJS)
 
 $(LIBRUBY_EXTS):
-	@exit > $@
+	@$(NULLCMD) > $@
 
 $(STATIC_RUBY)$(EXEEXT): $(MAINOBJ) $(DLDOBJS) $(EXTOBJS) $(LIBRUBY_A)
-	@$(RM) $@
-	$(PURIFY) $(CC) $(MAINOBJ) $(DLDOBJS) $(EXTOBJS) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(MAINLIBS) $(EXTLIBS) $(LIBS) $(OUTFLAG)$@ $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS)
-
-ruby.imp: $(EXPORTOBJS)
-	@$(NM) -Pgp $(EXPORTOBJS) | \
-	awk 'BEGIN{print "#!"}; $$2~/^[BDT]$$/&&$$1!~/^(Init_|.*_threadptr_|\.)/{print $$1}' | \
+	$(Q)$(RM) $@
+	$(PURIFY) $(CC) $(MAINOBJ) $(DLDOBJS) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(MAINLIBS) $(EXTLIBS) $(LIBS) $(OUTFLAG)$@ $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS)
+
+ruby.imp: $(COMMONOBJS)
+	$(Q){ \
+	$(NM) -Pgp $(COMMONOBJS) | \
+	awk 'BEGIN{print "#!"}; $$2~/^[A-TV-Z]$$/&&$$1!~/^$(SYMBOL_PREFIX)(Init_|InitVM_|ruby_static_id_|.*_threadptr_|rb_ec_)|^\./{print $$1}'; \
+	($(CHDIR) $(srcdir) && \
+	 exec sed -n '/^MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED/!d;N;s/.*\n\(rb_[a-zA-Z_0-9]*\).*/$(SYMBOL_PREFIX)\1/p' cont.c gc.c thread*c vm*.c) \
+	} | \
 	sort -u -o $@
 
 install: install-$(INSTALLDOC)
@@ -232,80 +373,80 @@ pkgconfig-data: $(ruby_pc)
 $(ruby_pc): $(srcdir)/template/ruby.pc.in config.status
 
 install-all: docs pre-install-all do-install-all post-install-all
-pre-install-all:: pre-install-local pre-install-ext pre-install-doc
-do-install-all: all
-	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=all --rdoc-output="$(RDOCOUT)"
-post-install-all:: post-install-local post-install-ext post-install-doc
+pre-install-all:: all pre-install-local pre-install-ext pre-install-gem pre-install-doc
+do-install-all: pre-install-all
+	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) $(INSTALL_DOC_OPTS)
+post-install-all:: post-install-local post-install-ext post-install-gem post-install-doc
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
 install-nodoc: pre-install-nodoc do-install-nodoc post-install-nodoc
-pre-install-nodoc:: pre-install-local pre-install-ext
-do-install-nodoc: main
-	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS)
-post-install-nodoc:: post-install-local post-install-ext
+pre-install-nodoc:: pre-install-local pre-install-ext pre-install-gem
+do-install-nodoc: main pre-install-nodoc
+	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --exclude=doc
+post-install-nodoc:: post-install-local post-install-ext post-install-gem
 
 install-local: pre-install-local do-install-local post-install-local
 pre-install-local:: pre-install-bin pre-install-lib pre-install-man
-do-install-local: $(PREP)
+do-install-local: $(PROGRAM) pre-install-local
 	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=local
 post-install-local:: post-install-bin post-install-lib post-install-man
 
 install-ext: pre-install-ext do-install-ext post-install-ext
 pre-install-ext:: pre-install-ext-arch pre-install-ext-comm
-do-install-ext: $(PREP)
+do-install-ext: exts pre-install-ext
 	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=ext
 post-install-ext:: post-install-ext-arch post-install-ext-comm
 
 install-arch: pre-install-arch do-install-arch post-install-arch
 pre-install-arch:: pre-install-bin pre-install-ext-arch
-do-install-arch: main
-	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=bin --install=ext-arch
+do-install-arch: main do-install-arch
+	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=arch
 post-install-arch:: post-install-bin post-install-ext-arch
 
 install-comm: pre-install-comm do-install-comm post-install-comm
 pre-install-comm:: pre-install-lib pre-install-ext-comm pre-install-man
-do-install-comm: $(PREP)
+do-install-comm: $(PREP) pre-install-comm
 	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=lib --install=ext-comm --install=man
 post-install-comm:: post-install-lib post-install-ext-comm post-install-man
 
 install-bin: pre-install-bin do-install-bin post-install-bin
 pre-install-bin:: install-prereq
-do-install-bin: $(PREP)
+do-install-bin: $(PROGRAM) pre-install-bin
 	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=bin
 post-install-bin::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
 install-lib: pre-install-lib do-install-lib post-install-lib
 pre-install-lib:: install-prereq
-do-install-lib: $(PREP)
+do-install-lib: $(PREP) pre-install-lib
 	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=lib
 post-install-lib::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
 install-ext-comm: pre-install-ext-comm do-install-ext-comm post-install-ext-comm
 pre-install-ext-comm:: install-prereq
-do-install-ext-comm: $(PREP)
+do-install-ext-comm: exts pre-install-ext-comm
 	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=ext-comm
 post-install-ext-comm::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
 install-ext-arch: pre-install-ext-arch do-install-ext-arch post-install-ext-arch
 pre-install-ext-arch:: install-prereq
-do-install-ext-arch: $(PREP)
+do-install-ext-arch: exts pre-install-ext-arch
 	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=ext-arch
 post-install-ext-arch::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
 install-man: pre-install-man do-install-man post-install-man
 pre-install-man:: install-prereq
-do-install-man: $(PREP)
+do-install-man: $(PREP) pre-install-man
 	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=man
 post-install-man::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
 install-capi: capi pre-install-capi do-install-capi post-install-capi
 pre-install-capi:: install-prereq
-do-install-capi: $(PREP)
+do-install-capi: $(PREP) pre-install-capi
 	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=capi
 post-install-capi::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
@@ -316,10 +457,15 @@ what-where-all: no-install-all
 no-install-all: pre-no-install-all dont-install-all post-no-install-all
 pre-no-install-all:: pre-no-install-local pre-no-install-ext pre-no-install-doc
 dont-install-all: $(PROGRAM)
-	$(INSTRUBY) -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=all --rdoc-output="$(RDOCOUT)"
+	$(INSTRUBY) -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=all $(INSTALL_DOC_OPTS)
 post-no-install-all:: post-no-install-local post-no-install-ext post-no-install-doc
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
+uninstall: $(INSTALLED_LIST) sudo-precheck
+	$(Q)$(SUDO) $(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/rbuninstall.rb --destdir=$(DESTDIR) $(INSTALLED_LIST)
+
+reinstall: all uninstall install
+
 what-where-nodoc: no-install-nodoc
 no-install-nodoc: pre-no-install-nodoc dont-install-nodoc post-no-install-nodoc
 pre-no-install-nodoc:: pre-no-install-local pre-no-install-ext
@@ -397,18 +543,46 @@ post-no-install-man::
 
 install-doc: rdoc pre-install-doc do-install-doc post-install-doc
 pre-install-doc:: install-prereq
-do-install-doc: $(PROGRAM)
-	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=rdoc --rdoc-output="$(RDOCOUT)"
+do-install-doc: $(PROGRAM) pre-install-doc
+	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=rdoc $(INSTALL_DOC_OPTS)
 post-install-doc::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
+install-gem: pre-install-gem do-install-gem post-install-gem
+pre-install-gem:: prepare-gems pre-install-bin pre-install-lib pre-install-man
+do-install-gem: $(PROGRAM) pre-install-gem
+	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=gem
+post-install-gem::
+	@$(NULLCMD)
+
+install-dbg: pre-install-dbg do-install-dbg post-install-dbg
+pre-install-dbg::
+do-install-dbg: $(PROGRAM) pre-install-dbg
+	$(INSTRUBY) --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=dbg
+post-install-dbg::
+	@$(NULLCMD)
+
 rdoc: PHONY main
 	@echo Generating RDoc documentation
-	$(Q) $(XRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bin/rdoc" --encoding=UTF-8 --no-force-update --all --ri --op "$(RDOCOUT)" $(RDOCFLAGS) "$(srcdir)"
+	$(Q) $(RDOC) --ri --op "$(RDOCOUT)" $(RDOC_GEN_OPTS) $(RDOCFLAGS) "$(srcdir)"
+
+html: PHONY main
+	@echo Generating RDoc HTML files
+	$(Q) $(RDOC) --op "$(HTMLOUT)" $(RDOC_GEN_OPTS) $(RDOCFLAGS) "$(srcdir)"
 
 rdoc-coverage: PHONY main
 	@echo Generating RDoc coverage report
-	$(Q) $(XRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bin/rdoc" --encoding=UTF-8 --all --quiet -C $(RDOCFLAGS) "$(srcdir)"
+	$(Q) $(RDOC) --quiet -C $(RDOCFLAGS) "$(srcdir)"
+
+RDOCBENCHOUT=/tmp/rdocbench
+
+GCBENCH_ITEM=null
+
+gcbench: PHONY
+	$(Q) $(XRUBY) "$(srcdir)/benchmark/gc/gcbench.rb" $(GCBENCH_ITEM)
+
+gcbench-rdoc: PHONY
+	$(Q) $(XRUBY) "$(srcdir)/benchmark/gc/gcbench.rb" rdoc
 
 nodoc: PHONY
 
@@ -416,491 +590,656 @@ what-where-doc: no-install-doc
 no-install-doc: pre-no-install-doc dont-install-doc post-no-install-doc
 pre-no-install-doc:: install-prereq
 dont-install-doc:: $(PREP)
-	$(INSTRUBY) -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=rdoc --rdoc-output="$(RDOCOUT)"
+	$(INSTRUBY) -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=rdoc $(INSTALL_DOC_OPTS)
 post-no-install-doc::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
 CLEAR_INSTALLED_LIST = clear-installed-list
 
-install-prereq: $(CLEAR_INSTALLED_LIST) PHONY
+install-prereq: $(CLEAR_INSTALLED_LIST) yes-fake sudo-precheck PHONY
 
 clear-installed-list: PHONY
 	@> $(INSTALLED_LIST) set MAKE="$(MAKE)"
 
-clean: clean-ext clean-local clean-enc clean-golf clean-rdoc clean-capi clean-extout clean-platform
-clean-local:: PHONY
-	@$(RM) $(OBJS) $(MINIOBJS) $(MAINOBJ) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(LIBRUBY_SO) $(LIBRUBY) $(LIBRUBY_ALIASES)
-	@$(RM) $(PROGRAM) $(WPROGRAM) miniruby$(EXEEXT) dmyext.$(OBJEXT) $(ARCHFILE) .*.time
-	@$(RM) y.tab.c y.output encdb.h transdb.h prelude.c config.log rbconfig.rb $(ruby_pc)
+clean: clean-ext clean-enc clean-golf clean-docs clean-extout clean-local clean-platform clean-spec
+clean-local:: clean-runnable
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(OBJS) $(MINIOBJS) $(MAINOBJ) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(LIBRUBY_SO) $(LIBRUBY) $(LIBRUBY_ALIASES)
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(PROGRAM) $(WPROGRAM) miniruby$(EXEEXT) dmyext.$(OBJEXT) dmyenc.$(OBJEXT) $(ARCHFILE) .*.time
+	$(Q)$(RM) y.tab.c y.output encdb.h transdb.h config.log rbconfig.rb $(ruby_pc) $(COROUTINE_H:/Context.h=/.time)
+	$(Q)$(RM) probes.h probes.$(OBJEXT) probes.stamp ruby-glommed.$(OBJEXT) ruby.imp ChangeLog $(STATIC_RUBY)$(EXEEXT)
+	$(Q)$(RM) GNUmakefile.old Makefile.old $(arch)-fake.rb bisect.sh $(ENC_TRANS_D) builtin_binary.inc
+	-$(Q) $(RMDIR) enc/jis enc/trans enc $(COROUTINE_H:/Context.h=) coroutine 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
+
+bin/clean-runnable:: PHONY
+	$(Q)$(CHDIR) bin 2>$(NULL) && $(RM) $(PROGRAM) $(WPROGRAM) $(GORUBY)$(EXEEXT) bin/*.$(DLEXT) 2>$(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
+lib/clean-runnable:: PHONY
+	$(Q)$(CHDIR) lib 2>$(NULL) && $(RM) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(LIBRUBY) $(LIBRUBY_ALIASES) $(RUBY_BASE_NAME)/$(RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION) $(RUBY_BASE_NAME)/vendor_ruby 2>$(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
+clean-runnable:: bin/clean-runnable lib/clean-runnable PHONY
+	$(Q)$(RMDIR) lib/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME) lib bin 2>$(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
 clean-ext:: PHONY
 clean-golf: PHONY
-	@$(RM) $(GORUBY)$(EXEEXT) $(GOLFOBJS)
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(GORUBY)$(EXEEXT) $(GOLFOBJS)
 clean-rdoc: PHONY
+clean-html: PHONY
 clean-capi: PHONY
 clean-platform: PHONY
 clean-extout: PHONY
-clean-docs: clean-rdoc clean-capi
+	-$(Q)$(RMDIR) $(EXTOUT)/$(arch) $(EXTOUT) 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
+clean-docs: clean-rdoc clean-html clean-capi
+clean-spec: PHONY
+clean-rubyspec: clean-spec
 
-distclean: distclean-ext distclean-local distclean-enc distclean-golf distclean-extout distclean-platform
+distclean: distclean-ext distclean-enc distclean-golf distclean-docs distclean-extout distclean-local distclean-platform distclean-spec
 distclean-local:: clean-local
-	@$(RM) $(MKFILES) yasmdata.rb *.inc
-	@$(RM) config.cache config.status config.status.lineno $(PRELUDES)
-	@$(RM) *~ *.bak *.stackdump core *.core gmon.out $(PREP)
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(MKFILES) yasmdata.rb *.inc $(PRELUDES) *.rbinc
+	$(Q)$(RM) config.cache config.status config.status.lineno
+	$(Q)$(RM) *~ *.bak *.stackdump core *.core gmon.out $(PREP)
+	-$(Q)$(RMALL) $(srcdir)/autom4te.cache
 distclean-ext:: PHONY
 distclean-golf: clean-golf
-	@$(RM) $(GOLFPRELUDES)
-distclean-rdoc: PHONY
-distclean-capi: PHONY
+distclean-rdoc: clean-rdoc
+distclean-html: clean-html
+distclean-capi: clean-capi
+distclean-docs: clean-docs
 distclean-extout: clean-extout
 distclean-platform: clean-platform
+distclean-spec: clean-spec
+distclean-rubyspec: distclean-spec
 
 realclean:: realclean-ext realclean-local realclean-enc realclean-golf realclean-extout
-realclean-local:: distclean-local
-	@$(RM) parse.c parse.h lex.c newline.c revision.h
-realclean-ext::
+realclean-local:: distclean-local realclean-srcs-local
+
+clean-srcs:: clean-srcs-local clean-srcs-ext
+realclean-srcs:: realclean-srcs-local realclean-srcs-ext
+
+clean-srcs-local::
+	$(Q)$(RM) parse.c parse.h lex.c enc/trans/newline.c revision.h
+	$(Q)$(RM) id.c id.h probes.dmyh probes.h
+	$(Q)$(RM) encdb.h transdb.h verconf.h ruby-runner.h
+	$(Q)$(RM) mjit_config.h rb_mjit_header.h
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(MJIT_MIN_HEADER) $(MJIT_MIN_HEADER:.h=)$(MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX:%=*).h
+
+realclean-srcs-local:: clean-srcs-local
+	$(Q)$(CHDIR) $(srcdir) && $(RM) \
+	  parse.c parse.h lex.c enc/trans/newline.c $(PRELUDES) revision.h \
+	  id.c id.h probes.dmyh configure aclocal.m4 tool/config.guess tool/config.sub gems/*.gem \
+	|| $(NULLCMD)
+
+clean-srcs-ext::
+realclean-srcs-ext:: clean-srcs-ext
+
+realclean-ext:: PHONY
 realclean-golf: distclean-golf
-realclean-capi: PHONY
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(GOLFPRELUDES)
+realclean-rdoc: distclean-rdoc
+realclean-html: distclean-html
+realclean-capi: distclean-capi
+realclean-docs: distclean-docs
 realclean-extout: distclean-extout
+realclean-platform: distclean-platform
+realclean-spec: distclean-spec
+realclean-rubyspec: realclean-spec
+
+clean-ext:: ext/clean gems/clean timestamp/clean
+distclean-ext:: ext/distclean gems/distclean timestamp/distclean
+realclean-ext:: ext/realclean gems/realclean timestamp/realclean
+
+ext/clean.mk ext/distclean.mk ext/realclean.mk::
+ext/clean:: ext/clean.mk
+ext/distclean:: ext/distclean.mk
+ext/realclean:: ext/realclean.mk
+
+timestamp/clean:: ext/clean gems/clean
+timestamp/distclean:: ext/distclean gems/distclean
+timestamp/realclean:: ext/realclean gems/realclean
+
+timestamp/clean timestamp/distclean timestamp/realclean::
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.*.time $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(arch)/.time
+	$(Q)$(RMDIRS) $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(arch) $(TIMESTAMPDIR) 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
+
+clean-ext::
+	-$(Q)$(RM) ext/extinit.$(OBJEXT)
+
+distclean-ext realclean-ext::
+	-$(Q)$(RM) $(EXTS_MK) ext/extinit.* ext/configure-ext.mk
+	-$(Q)$(RMDIR) ext 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
 
 clean-enc distclean-enc realclean-enc: PHONY
 
-check: test test-all
+clean-enc: clean-enc.d
+
+clean-enc.d: PHONY
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(ENC_TRANS_D)
+	-$(Q) $(RMDIR) enc/jis enc/trans enc 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
+
+clean-rdoc distclean-rdoc realclean-rdoc:
+	@echo $(@:-rdoc=ing) rdoc
+	$(Q)$(RMALL) $(RDOCOUT)
+
+clean-html distclean-html realclean-html:
+	@echo $(@:-html=ing) HTML
+	$(Q)$(RMALL) $(HTMLOUT)
+
+clean-capi distclean-capi realclean-capi:
+	@echo $(@:-capi=ing) capi
+	$(Q)$(RMALL) $(CAPIOUT)
+
+clean-platform distclean-platform realclean-platform:
+	$(Q) $(RM) $(PLATFORM_D)
+	-$(Q) $(RMDIR) $(PLATFORM_DIR) 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
+
+RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT = spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext
+clean-spec: PHONY
+	-$(Q) $(RM) $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/*.$(OBJEXT) $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/*.$(DLEXT)
+	-$(Q) $(RMDIRS) $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT) 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
+	-$(Q) $(RMALL) rubyspec_temp
+
+check: main test test-tool test-all test-spec
+	$(ECHO) check succeeded
+	-$(Q) if [ x"$(GIT)" != x ] && $(CHDIR) "$(srcdir)" && \
+	    b=`$(GIT) symbolic-ref --short HEAD 2>&1` && \
+	    u=`$(GIT) branch --list --format='%(upstream:short)' $$b`; then \
+	  set -x; $(GIT) --no-pager log --format=oneline -G "^ *# *include" $$u..HEAD --; \
+	fi
 check-ruby: test test-ruby
 
-btest: miniruby$(EXEEXT) $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-btest
+fake: $(CROSS_COMPILING)-fake
+yes-fake: $(arch)-fake.rb $(RBCONFIG) PHONY
+no-fake -fake: PHONY
+
+# really doesn't depend on .o, just ensure newer than headers which
+# version.o depends on.
+$(arch)-fake.rb: $(srcdir)/template/fake.rb.in $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb version.$(OBJEXT) miniruby$(EXEEXT)
+	$(ECHO) generating $@
+	$(Q) $(CPP) -DRUBY_EXPORT $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) "$(srcdir)/version.c" | \
+	$(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) "$(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb" -o $@ "$(srcdir)/template/fake.rb.in" \
+		i=- srcdir="$(srcdir)" BASERUBY="$(BASERUBY)"
+
+btest: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-btest
 no-btest: PHONY
-yes-btest: PHONY
-	$(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bootstraptest/runner.rb" --ruby="$(MINIRUBY)" $(OPTS)
+yes-btest: fake miniruby$(EXEEXT) PHONY
+	$(Q)$(exec) $(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bootstraptest/runner.rb" --ruby="$(BTESTRUBY) $(RUN_OPTS)" $(OPTS) $(TESTOPTS) $(BTESTS)
 
-btest-ruby: miniruby$(EXEEXT) $(RBCONFIG) $(PROGRAM) $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-btest-ruby
+btest-ruby: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-btest-ruby
 no-btest-ruby: PHONY
-yes-btest-ruby: PHONY
-	@$(RUNRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bootstraptest/runner.rb" --ruby="$(PROGRAM) -I$(srcdir)/lib" -q $(OPTS)
+yes-btest-ruby: prog PHONY
+	$(Q)$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bootstraptest/runner.rb" --ruby="$(PROGRAM) -I$(srcdir)/lib $(RUN_OPTS)" -q $(OPTS) $(TESTOPTS) $(BTESTS)
+
+rtest: fake miniruby$(EXEEXT) PHONY
+	$(Q)$(exec) $(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bootstraptest/runner.rb" --ruby="$(BTESTRUBY) $(RUN_OPTS)" --sets=ractor -v
 
-test-sample: miniruby$(EXEEXT) $(RBCONFIG) $(PROGRAM) $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-sample
-no-test-sample: PHONY
-yes-test-sample: PHONY
-	@$(RUNRUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/rubytest.rb
+test-basic: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-basic
+no-test-basic: PHONY
+yes-test-basic: prog PHONY
+	$(Q)$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(srcdir)/basictest/runner.rb" --run-opt=$(RUN_OPTS) $(OPTS) $(TESTOPTS)
 
 test-knownbugs: test-knownbug
-test-knownbug: miniruby$(EXEEXT) $(PROGRAM) $(RBCONFIG) $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-knownbug
+test-knownbug: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-knownbug
 no-test-knownbug: PHONY
-yes-test-knownbug: PHONY
-	-$(RUNRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bootstraptest/runner.rb" --ruby="$(PROGRAM)" $(OPTS) $(srcdir)/KNOWNBUGS.rb
+yes-test-knownbug: prog PHONY
+	-$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(srcdir)/bootstraptest/runner.rb" --ruby="$(PROGRAM) $(RUN_OPTS)" $(OPTS) $(TESTOPTS) $(srcdir)/KNOWNBUGS.rb
+
+test-testframework: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-testframework
+yes-test-testframework: prog PHONY
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(Q)$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(TOOL_TESTSDIR)/runner.rb" --ruby="$(RUNRUBY)" $(TESTOPTS) testunit minitest
+no-test-testframework: PHONY
+
+test-tool: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-tool
+yes-test-tool: prog PHONY
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(Q)$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(TOOL_TESTSDIR)/runner.rb" --ruby="$(RUNRUBY)" $(TESTOPTS)
+no-test-tool: PHONY
 
-test: test-sample btest-ruby test-knownbug
+test-sample: test-basic # backward compatibility for mswin-build
+test-short: btest-ruby test-knownbug test-basic
+test: test-short
 
+# $ make test-all TESTOPTS="--help" displays more detail
+# for example, make test-all TESTOPTS="-j2 -v -n test-name -- test-file-name"
 test-all: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-all
-yes-test-all: PHONY
-	$(RUNRUBY) "$(srcdir)/test/runner.rb" --ruby="$(RUNRUBY)" $(TESTS)
+yes-test-all: programs PHONY
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(Q)$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(TESTSDIR)/runner.rb" --ruby="$(RUNRUBY)" $(TEST_EXCLUDES) $(TESTOPTS) $(TESTS)
 TESTS_BUILD = mkmf
 no-test-all: PHONY
-	$(MINIRUBY) -I"$(srcdir)/lib" "$(srcdir)/test/runner.rb" $(TESTS_BUILD)
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(MINIRUBY) -I"$(srcdir)/lib" "$(TESTSDIR)/runner.rb" $(TESTOPTS) $(TESTS_BUILD)
+
+test-almost: test-all
+yes-test-almost: yes-test-all
+no-test-almost: no-test-all
 
 test-ruby: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-ruby
 no-test-ruby: PHONY
-yes-test-ruby: PHONY
-	$(RUNRUBY) "$(srcdir)/test/runner.rb" ruby
+yes-test-ruby: prog encs PHONY
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(RUNRUBY) "$(TESTSDIR)/runner.rb" $(TEST_EXCLUDES) $(TESTOPTS) -- ruby -ext-
 
 extconf: $(PREP)
 	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(EXTCONFDIR)"
 	$(RUNRUBY) -C "$(EXTCONFDIR)" $(EXTCONF) $(EXTCONFARGS)
 
-$(RBCONFIG): $(srcdir)/tool/mkconfig.rb config.status $(srcdir)/version.h $(PREP)
-	@$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/mkconfig.rb -timestamp=$@ \
+$(RBCONFIG): $(tooldir)/mkconfig.rb config.status $(srcdir)/version.h
+	$(Q)$(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) -n \
+	-e 'BEGIN{version=ARGV.shift;mis=ARGV.dup}' \
+	-e 'END{abort "UNICODE version mismatch: #{mis}" unless mis.empty?}' \
+	-e '(mis.delete(ARGF.path); ARGF.close) if /ONIG_UNICODE_VERSION_STRING +"#{Regexp.quote(version)}"/o' \
+	$(UNICODE_VERSION) $(UNICODE_DATA_HEADERS)
+	$(Q)$(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) $(tooldir)/mkconfig.rb \
+		-arch=$(arch) -version=$(RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION) \
 		-install_name=$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME) \
-		-so_name=$(RUBY_SO_NAME) rbconfig.rb
+		-so_name=$(RUBY_SO_NAME) \
+		-unicode_version=$(UNICODE_VERSION) \
+		-unicode_emoji_version=$(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION) \
+	> rbconfig.tmp
+	$(IFCHANGE) "--timestamp=$@" rbconfig.rb rbconfig.tmp
+
+test-rubyspec: test-spec
+yes-test-rubyspec: yes-test-spec
 
-test-rubyspec-precheck:
+test-spec-precheck: main
 
-test-rubyspec: test-rubyspec-precheck
-	$(RUNRUBY) $(srcdir)/spec/mspec/bin/mspec run -B $(srcdir)/spec/default.mspec $(MSPECOPT)
+test-spec: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-spec
+yes-test-spec: test-spec-precheck
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(Q) \
+	$(RUNRUBY) -r./$(arch)-fake $(srcdir)/spec/mspec/bin/mspec run -B $(srcdir)/spec/default.mspec -I$(srcdir)/tool/lib $(MSPECOPT) $(SPECOPTS)
+no-test-spec:
+
+RUNNABLE = $(LIBRUBY_RELATIVE:no=un)-runnable
+runnable: $(RUNNABLE) prog $(tooldir)/mkrunnable.rb PHONY
+	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/mkrunnable.rb -v $(EXTOUT)
+yes-runnable: PHONY
 
 encs: enc trans
-encs enc trans: showflags $(ENC_MK) $(LIBRUBY) $(PREP)
+libencs: libenc libtrans
+encs enc trans libencs libenc libtrans: $(SHOWFLAGS) $(ENC_MK) $(LIBRUBY) $(PREP) PHONY
 	$(ECHO) making $@
-	$(Q) $(MAKE) -f $(ENC_MK) RUBY="$(MINIRUBY)" MINIRUBY="$(MINIRUBY)" $(MFLAGS) $@
+	$(Q) $(MAKE) $(MAKE_ENC) $@
+
 
-enc: {$(VPATH)}encdb.h
-trans: {$(VPATH)}transdb.h
+libenc enc: {$(VPATH)}encdb.h
+libtrans trans: {$(VPATH)}transdb.h
 
+# Use MINIRUBY which loads fake.rb for cross compiling
 $(ENC_MK): $(srcdir)/enc/make_encmake.rb $(srcdir)/enc/Makefile.in $(srcdir)/enc/depend \
-	$(srcdir)/lib/mkmf.rb $(RBCONFIG)
+	$(srcdir)/enc/encinit.c.erb $(srcdir)/lib/mkmf.rb $(RBCONFIG) fake
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/enc/make_encmake.rb --builtin-encs="$(BUILTIN_ENCOBJS)" --builtin-transes="$(BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS)" $@ $(ENCS)
+	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/enc/make_encmake.rb --builtin-encs="$(BUILTIN_ENCOBJS)" --builtin-transes="$(BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS)" --module$(ENCSTATIC) $(ENCS) $@
 
 .PRECIOUS: $(MKFILES)
 
 .PHONY: PHONY all fake prereq incs srcs preludes help
 .PHONY: test install install-nodoc install-doc dist
 .PHONY: loadpath golf capi rdoc install-prereq clear-installed-list
-.PHONY: clean clean-ext clean-local clean-enc clean-golf clean-rdoc clean-extout
+.PHONY: clean clean-ext clean-local clean-enc clean-golf clean-rdoc clean-html clean-extout
 .PHONY: distclean distclean-ext distclean-local distclean-enc distclean-golf distclean-extout
 .PHONY: realclean realclean-ext realclean-local realclean-enc realclean-golf realclean-extout
-.PHONY: check test test-all btest btest-ruby test-sample test-knownbug
-.PHONY: run runruby parse benchmark benchmark-each tbench gdb gdb-ruby
-.PHONY: update-mspec update-rubyspec test-rubyspec
+.PHONY: exam check test test-short test-all btest btest-ruby test-basic test-knownbug
+.PHONY: run runruby parse benchmark gdb gdb-ruby
+.PHONY: update-mspec update-rubyspec test-rubyspec test-spec
+.PHONY: touch-unicode-files
 
 PHONY:
 
-{$(VPATH)}parse.c: {$(VPATH)}parse.y $(srcdir)/tool/ytab.sed
-parse.h {$(VPATH)}parse.h: {$(VPATH)}parse.c
+{$(VPATH)}parse.c: {$(VPATH)}parse.y $(tooldir)/ytab.sed {$(VPATH)}id.h
+{$(VPATH)}parse.h: {$(VPATH)}parse.c
 
 {$(srcdir)}.y.c:
-	$(YACC) -d $(YFLAGS) -o y.tab.c $(SRC_FILE)
-	sed -f $(srcdir)/tool/ytab.sed -e "/^#/s!y\.tab\.c!$@!" y.tab.c > $@.new
-	@$(MV) $@.new $@
-	sed -e "/^#line.*y\.tab\.h/d;/^#line.*parse\.y/d" y.tab.h > $(@:.c=.h).new
-	@$(IFCHANGE) $(@:.c=.h) $(@:.c=.h).new
-	@$(RM) y.tab.c y.tab.h
+	$(ECHO) generating $@
+	$(Q)$(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/id2token.rb --path-separator=.$(PATH_SEPARATOR)./ --vpath=$(VPATH) id.h $(SRC_FILE) > parse.tmp.y
+	$(Q)$(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/pure_parser.rb parse.tmp.y $(YACC)
+	$(Q)$(RM) parse.tmp.y.bak
+	$(Q)$(YACC) -d $(YFLAGS) -o y.tab.c parse.tmp.y
+	$(Q)$(RM) parse.tmp.y
+	$(Q)sed -f $(tooldir)/ytab.sed -e "/^#/s|parse\.tmp\.[iy]|$(SRC_FILE)|" -e "/^#/s!y\.tab\.c!$@!" y.tab.c > $@.new
+	$(Q)$(MV) $@.new $@
+	$(Q)sed -e "/^#line.*y\.tab\.h/d;/^#line.*parse.*\.y/d" y.tab.h > $(@:.c=.h)
+	$(Q)$(RM) y.tab.c y.tab.h
+
+$(PLATFORM_D):
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(PLATFORM_DIR) $(@D)
+	@$(NULLCMD) > $@
+
+exe/$(PROGRAM): ruby-runner.c ruby-runner.h exe/.time miniruby$(EXEEXT) {$(VPATH)}config.h
+	$(Q) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -DRUBY_INSTALL_NAME=$(@F) $(COUTFLAG)ruby-runner.$(OBJEXT) -c $(CSRCFLAG)$(srcdir)/ruby-runner.c
+	$(Q) $(PURIFY) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(OUTFLAG)$@ ruby-runner.$(OBJEXT) $(LIBS)
+	$(Q) $(POSTLINK)
+	$(Q) ./miniruby$(EXEEXT) \
+	    -e 'prog, dest, inst = ARGV; dest += "/ruby"' \
+	    -e 'exit unless prog==inst' \
+	    -e 'unless prog=="ruby"' \
+	    -e '  begin File.unlink(dest); rescue Errno::ENOENT; end' \
+	    -e '  File.symlink(prog, dest)' \
+	    -e 'end' \
+	$(@F) $(@D) $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)$(EXEEXT)
+
+exe/.time:
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	@$(NULLCMD) > $@
+
+$(BUILTIN_ENCOBJS) $(BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS): $(ENC_TRANS_D)
+
+$(ENC_TRANS_D):
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) enc/trans $(@D)
+	@$(NULLCMD) > $@
+
+$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(arch)/.time:
+	$(Q)$(MAKEDIRS) $(@D) $(EXTOUT)/$(arch)
+	@$(NULLCMD) > $@
+
+$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.RUBYCOMMONDIR.time:
+	$(Q)$(MAKEDIRS) $(@D) $(RUBYCOMMONDIR)
+	@$(NULLCMD) > $@
+
+###
+CCAN_DIR = {$(VPATH)}ccan
+
+RUBY_H_INCLUDES    = {$(VPATH)}ruby.h {$(VPATH)}config.h {$(VPATH)}defines.h \
+		     {$(VPATH)}intern.h {$(VPATH)}missing.h {$(VPATH)}st.h \
+		     {$(VPATH)}assert.h {$(VPATH)}subst.h
+
+###
 
 acosh.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}acosh.c
 alloca.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}alloca.c {$(VPATH)}config.h
-crypt.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}crypt.c
+crypt.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}crypt.c {$(VPATH)}crypt.h {$(VPATH)}missing/des_tables.c
 dup2.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dup2.c
 erf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}erf.c
+explicit_bzero.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}explicit_bzero.c
 finite.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}finite.c
 flock.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}flock.c
 memcmp.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}memcmp.c
 memmove.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}memmove.c
 mkdir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mkdir.c
+setproctitle.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}setproctitle.c
 strchr.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}strchr.c
 strdup.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}strdup.c
 strerror.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}strerror.c
+strlcat.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}strlcat.c
+strlcpy.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}strlcpy.c
 strstr.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}strstr.c
-strtod.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}strtod.c
-strtol.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}strtol.c
 nt.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}nt.c
-os2.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}os2.c
-dl_os2.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dl_os2.c
-ia64.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ia64.s
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $<
-
-$(PLATFORM_D):
-	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(PLATFORM_DIR)
-	@exit > $@
 
-win32/win32.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}win32/win32.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) $(PLATFORM_D)
-win32/file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}win32/file.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) $(PLATFORM_D)
+.coroutine_obj $(COROUTINE_OBJ): \
+	{$(VPATH)}$(COROUTINE_SRC) \
+	$(COROUTINE_H:/Context.h=/.time)
+$(COROUTINE_H:/Context.h=/.time):
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	@$(NULLCMD) > $@
 
 ###
 
-RUBY_H_INCLUDES    = {$(VPATH)}ruby.h {$(VPATH)}config.h {$(VPATH)}defines.h \
-		     {$(VPATH)}intern.h {$(VPATH)}missing.h {$(VPATH)}st.h \
-		     {$(VPATH)}subst.h
-ENCODING_H_INCLUDES= {$(VPATH)}encoding.h {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
-ID_H_INCLUDES      = {$(VPATH)}id.h {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
-VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES = {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h \
-		     {$(VPATH)}node.h {$(VPATH)}method.h {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h \
-		     $(ID_H_INCLUDES)
-
-array.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}array.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}util.h \
-  $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-bignum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}bignum.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}util.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-class.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}class.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}debug.h {$(VPATH)}internal.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}constant.h
-compar.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}compar.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES)
-complex.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}complex.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dir.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}util.h \
-  $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-dln.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dln.c {$(VPATH)}dln.h $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES)
-dln_find.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dln_find.c {$(VPATH)}dln.h $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES)
-dmydln.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dmydln.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES)
-dmyext.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dmyext.c
-dmyencoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dmyencoding.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}regenc.h {$(VPATH)}util.h $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}encoding.c {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-encoding.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}regenc.h {$(VPATH)}util.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}enum.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}node.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}util.h $(ID_H_INCLUDES)
-enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}enumerator.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES)
-error.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}error.c {$(VPATH)}known_errors.inc \
-  $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}debug.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-eval.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}eval.c {$(VPATH)}eval_intern.h {$(VPATH)}vm.h \
-  $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}eval_error.c \
-  {$(VPATH)}eval_jump.c {$(VPATH)}debug.h {$(VPATH)}gc.h {$(VPATH)}iseq.h \
-  $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-load.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}load.c {$(VPATH)}eval_intern.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}util.h $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}dln.h {$(VPATH)}debug.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}file.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}io.h \
-  $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}util.h {$(VPATH)}dln.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-gc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}gc.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}re.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}regex.h $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}gc.h {$(VPATH)}io.h {$(VPATH)}eval_intern.h {$(VPATH)}util.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}debug.h {$(VPATH)}internal.h {$(VPATH)}constant.h
-hash.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}hash.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}util.h \
-  $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES)
-inits.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}inits.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-io.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}io.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}io.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}util.h $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}dln.h {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-main.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}main.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}debug.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}node.h
-marshal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}marshal.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}io.h \
-  $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}util.h {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-math.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}math.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-node.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}debug.h
-numeric.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}numeric.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}util.h $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-object.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}object.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}util.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}internal.h {$(VPATH)}constant.h
-pack.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}pack.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}encoding.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
-parse.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}parse.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}node.h \
-  $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) $(ID_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}regenc.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}regex.h {$(VPATH)}util.h {$(VPATH)}lex.c \
-  {$(VPATH)}defs/keywords {$(VPATH)}id.c {$(VPATH)}parse.y \
-  {$(VPATH)}parse.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-proc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}proc.c {$(VPATH)}eval_intern.h \
-  $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}gc.h $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}debug.h {$(VPATH)}internal.h {$(VPATH)}iseq.h
-process.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}process.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}util.h {$(VPATH)}io.h $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}dln.h \
-  $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}debug.h {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-random.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}random.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}siphash.c {$(VPATH)}siphash.h
-range.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}range.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-rational.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}rational.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-re.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}re.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}re.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}regex.h $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}util.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}regint.h {$(VPATH)}regenc.h {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-regcomp.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}regcomp.c {$(VPATH)}regparse.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}regint.h {$(VPATH)}regenc.h {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h \
-  $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES)
-regenc.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}regenc.c {$(VPATH)}regint.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}regenc.h {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES)
-regerror.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}regerror.c {$(VPATH)}regint.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}regenc.h {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES)
-regexec.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}regexec.c {$(VPATH)}regint.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}regenc.h {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES)
-regparse.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}regparse.c {$(VPATH)}regparse.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}regint.h {$(VPATH)}regenc.h {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h \
-  $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES)
-regsyntax.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}regsyntax.c {$(VPATH)}regint.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}regenc.h {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES)
-ruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}util.h \
-  $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}eval_intern.h $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}dln.h {$(VPATH)}debug.h {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-safe.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}safe.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}debug.h
-signal.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}signal.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}debug.h
-sprintf.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}sprintf.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}re.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}regex.h {$(VPATH)}vsnprintf.c $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES)
-st.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES)
-strftime.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}strftime.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}timev.h
-string.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}string.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}re.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}regex.h $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-struct.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}struct.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-thread.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread.c {$(VPATH)}eval_intern.h \
-  $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}gc.h $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}debug.h {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).c $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}internal.h {$(VPATH)}io.h
-transcode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}transcode.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}transcode_data.h {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-cont.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}cont.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}gc.h {$(VPATH)}eval_intern.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}debug.h {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-time.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}time.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}timev.h {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-util.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}util.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}util.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-variable.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}variable.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}node.h {$(VPATH)}util.h {$(VPATH)}encoding.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h {$(VPATH)}internal.h {$(VPATH)}constant.h
-version.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}version.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}version.h $(srcdir)/version.h $(srcdir)/revision.h {$(VPATH)}config.h
-dmyversion.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dmyversion.c version.$(OBJEXT)
-
-compile.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}compile.c {$(VPATH)}iseq.h \
-  $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}insns.inc \
-  {$(VPATH)}insns_info.inc {$(VPATH)}optinsn.inc {$(VPATH)}debug.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}optunifs.inc {$(VPATH)}opt_sc.inc {$(VPATH)}insns.inc \
-  {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-iseq.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}iseq.c {$(VPATH)}gc.h {$(VPATH)}iseq.h \
-  $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}insns.inc \
-  {$(VPATH)}insns_info.inc {$(VPATH)}node_name.inc {$(VPATH)}debug.h {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-vm.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm.c {$(VPATH)}gc.h {$(VPATH)}iseq.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}eval_intern.h $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) \
-  $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}vm_method.c {$(VPATH)}vm_eval.c \
-  {$(VPATH)}vm_insnhelper.c {$(VPATH)}vm_insnhelper.h {$(VPATH)}vm_exec.c \
-  {$(VPATH)}vm_exec.h {$(VPATH)}insns.def {$(VPATH)}vmtc.inc \
-  {$(VPATH)}vm.inc {$(VPATH)}insns.inc {$(VPATH)}debug.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}internal.h {$(VPATH)}vm.h {$(VPATH)}constant.h
-vm_dump.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_dump.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}debug.h {$(VPATH)}addr2line.h
-debug.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  $(ENCODING_H_INCLUDES) $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}eval_intern.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}util.h {$(VPATH)}debug.h
-id.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) $(ID_H_INCLUDES)
-miniprelude.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}miniprelude.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}debug.h {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-prelude.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}prelude.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}debug.h {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-golf_prelude.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}golf_prelude.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  $(VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES) {$(VPATH)}debug.h {$(VPATH)}internal.h
-goruby.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}goruby.c {$(VPATH)}main.c $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
-  {$(VPATH)}debug.h {$(VPATH)}node.h
-
-ascii.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ascii.c {$(VPATH)}regenc.h {$(VPATH)}config.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h {$(VPATH)}missing.h
-us_ascii.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}us_ascii.c {$(VPATH)}regenc.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}config.h {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h {$(VPATH)}missing.h
-unicode.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}unicode.c {$(VPATH)}regint.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}config.h {$(VPATH)}defines.h {$(VPATH)}regenc.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h {$(VPATH)}st.h {$(VPATH)}ruby.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}missing.h {$(VPATH)}intern.h {$(VPATH)}enc/unicode/name2ctype.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}subst.h
-
-utf_8.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}utf_8.c {$(VPATH)}regenc.h {$(VPATH)}config.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h {$(VPATH)}missing.h
-
-newline.c: $(srcdir)/enc/trans/newline.trans $(srcdir)/tool/transcode-tblgen.rb
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) "$(srcdir)/tool/transcode-tblgen.rb" -vo newline.c $(srcdir)/enc/trans/newline.trans
-newline.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}newline.c {$(VPATH)}defines.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}intern.h {$(VPATH)}missing.h {$(VPATH)}st.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}transcode_data.h {$(VPATH)}ruby.h {$(VPATH)}config.h {$(VPATH)}subst.h
+# dependencies for generated C sources.
+parse.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}parse.c
+miniprelude.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}miniprelude.c
 
-$(OBJS):  {$(VPATH)}config.h {$(VPATH)}missing.h
+# dependencies for optional sources.
+compile.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}opt_sc.inc {$(VPATH)}optunifs.inc
 
-INSNS2VMOPT = --srcdir="$(srcdir)"
+win32/win32.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}win32/win32.c {$(VPATH)}win32/file.h \
+  {$(VPATH)}dln.h {$(VPATH)}dln_find.c {$(VPATH)}encindex.h \
+  {$(VPATH)}internal.h {$(VPATH)}util.h $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) \
+  {$(VPATH)}vm.h $(PLATFORM_D)
+win32/file.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}win32/file.c {$(VPATH)}win32/file.h \
+  $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) $(PLATFORM_D)
 
-{$(VPATH)}minsns.inc: $(srcdir)/template/minsns.inc.tmpl
+$(NEWLINE_C): $(srcdir)/enc/trans/newline.trans $(tooldir)/transcode-tblgen.rb
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) "$(tooldir)/transcode-tblgen.rb" -vo $@ $(srcdir)/enc/trans/newline.trans
+enc/trans/newline.$(OBJEXT): $(NEWLINE_C)
 
-{$(VPATH)}opt_sc.inc: $(srcdir)/template/opt_sc.inc.tmpl
+verconf.h: $(srcdir)/template/verconf.h.tmpl $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb
+	$(ECHO) creating $@
+	$(Q) $(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) "$(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb" -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/verconf.h.tmpl
 
-{$(VPATH)}optinsn.inc: $(srcdir)/template/optinsn.inc.tmpl
+ruby-glommed.$(OBJEXT): $(OBJS)
 
-{$(VPATH)}optunifs.inc: $(srcdir)/template/optunifs.inc.tmpl
+$(OBJS):  {$(VPATH)}config.h {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 
-{$(VPATH)}insns.inc: $(srcdir)/template/insns.inc.tmpl
+INSNS2VMOPT = --srcdir="$(srcdir)"
 
-{$(VPATH)}insns_info.inc: $(srcdir)/template/insns_info.inc.tmpl
+srcs_vpath = {$(VPATH)}
+
+inc_common_headers = $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_copyright.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_notice.erb
+$(srcs_vpath)opt_sc.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/opt_sc.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers)
+$(srcs_vpath)optinsn.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/optinsn.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers)
+$(srcs_vpath)optunifs.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/optunifs.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers)
+$(srcs_vpath)insns.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/insns.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers)
+$(srcs_vpath)insns_info.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/insns_info.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers) \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_type_chars.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_name_info.erb \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_len_info.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_operand_info.erb \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_attributes.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_comptime_insn_stack_increase.erb \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_sp_pc_dependency.erb
+$(srcs_vpath)vmtc.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/vmtc.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers)
+$(srcs_vpath)vm.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/vm.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers) \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_insn_entry.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_trace_instruction.erb
+$(srcs_vpath)mjit_compile.inc: $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/mjit_compile.inc.erb $(inc_common_headers) \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_mjit_compile_insn.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_mjit_compile_send.erb \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_mjit_compile_ivar.erb \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_mjit_compile_insn_body.erb $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_mjit_compile_pc_and_sp.erb \
+  $(tooldir)/ruby_vm/views/_mjit_compile_invokebuiltin.erb
+
+BUILTIN_RB_SRCS = \
+		$(srcdir)/ast.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/dir.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/gc.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/integer.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/io.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/pack.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/trace_point.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/warning.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/array.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/kernel.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/ractor.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/prelude.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/gem_prelude.rb \
+		$(empty)
+BUILTIN_RB_INCS = $(BUILTIN_RB_SRCS:.rb=.rbinc)
+
+common-srcs: $(srcs_vpath)parse.c $(srcs_vpath)lex.c $(srcs_vpath)enc/trans/newline.c $(srcs_vpath)id.c \
+	     $(BUILTIN_RB_INCS) \
+	     srcs-lib srcs-ext incs
+
+missing-srcs: $(srcdir)/missing/des_tables.c
+
+srcs: common-srcs missing-srcs srcs-enc
+
+EXT_SRCS = $(srcdir)/ext/ripper/ripper.c \
+	   $(srcdir)/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/sizes.c \
+	   $(srcdir)/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/limits.c \
+	   $(srcdir)/ext/socket/constdefs.c \
+	   $(srcdir)/ext/etc/constdefs.h \
+	   # EXT_SRCS
 
-{$(VPATH)}vmtc.inc: $(srcdir)/template/vmtc.inc.tmpl
+srcs-ext: $(EXT_SRCS)
+realclean-srcs-ext::
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(EXT_SRCS)
 
-{$(VPATH)}vm.inc: $(srcdir)/template/vm.inc.tmpl
+EXTRA_SRCS = $(srcdir)/ext/json/parser/parser.c \
+	     $(srcdir)/ext/date/zonetab.h \
+	     $(empty)
 
-srcs: {$(VPATH)}parse.c {$(VPATH)}lex.c {$(VPATH)}newline.c srcs-ext srcs-enc
+srcs-extra: $(EXTRA_SRCS)
+realclean-srcs-extra::
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(EXTRA_SRCS)
 
-EXT_SRCS = $(srcdir)/ext/ripper/ripper.c $(srcdir)/ext/json/parser/parser.c
+LIB_SRCS = $(srcdir)/lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb
 
-srcs-ext: $(EXT_SRCS)
+srcs-lib: $(LIB_SRCS)
 
 srcs-enc: $(ENC_MK)
 	$(ECHO) making srcs under enc
-	$(Q) $(MAKE) -f $(ENC_MK) RUBY="$(MINIRUBY)" MINIRUBY="$(MINIRUBY)" $(MFLAGS) srcs
+	$(Q) $(MAKE) $(MAKE_ENC) srcs
 
-incs: $(INSNS) {$(VPATH)}node_name.inc {$(VPATH)}encdb.h {$(VPATH)}transdb.h {$(VPATH)}known_errors.inc \
-      $(srcdir)/revision.h $(REVISION_H) enc/unicode/name2ctype.h
+all-incs: incs {$(VPATH)}encdb.h {$(VPATH)}transdb.h
+incs: $(INSNS) {$(VPATH)}node_name.inc {$(VPATH)}known_errors.inc \
+      {$(VPATH)}vm_call_iseq_optimized.inc $(srcdir)/revision.h \
+      $(REVISION_H) \
+      $(UNICODE_DATA_HEADERS) $(srcdir)/enc/jis/props.h \
+      {$(VPATH)}id.h {$(VPATH)}probes.dmyh
 
 insns: $(INSNS)
 
-id.h: parse.h $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/id.h.tmpl
+id.h: $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/id.h.tmpl $(srcdir)/defs/id.def
+	$(ECHO) generating $@
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb --output=$@ \
+		$(srcdir)/template/id.h.tmpl
+
+id.c: $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/id.c.tmpl $(srcdir)/defs/id.def
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb --output=$@ \
-		$(srcdir)/template/id.h.tmpl --vpath=$(VPATH) parse.h
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb --output=$@ \
+		$(srcdir)/template/id.c.tmpl
 
-node_name.inc: {$(VPATH)}node.h
+node_name.inc: $(tooldir)/node_name.rb $(srcdir)/node.h
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -n $(srcdir)/tool/node_name.rb < $? > $@
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -n $(tooldir)/node_name.rb < $(srcdir)/node.h > $@
 
-encdb.h: $(PREP) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/encdb.h.tmpl
+encdb.h: $(PREP) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/encdb.h.tmpl
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb -c -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/encdb.h.tmpl $(srcdir)/enc enc
+	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -c -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/encdb.h.tmpl $(srcdir)/enc enc
 
-transdb.h: $(PREP) srcs-enc $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/transdb.h.tmpl
+transdb.h: $(PREP) srcs-enc $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/transdb.h.tmpl
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb -c -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/transdb.h.tmpl $(srcdir)/enc/trans enc/trans
+	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -c -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/transdb.h.tmpl $(srcdir)/enc/trans enc/trans
+
+enc/encinit.c: $(ENC_MK) $(srcdir)/enc/encinit.c.erb
 
 known_errors.inc: $(srcdir)/template/known_errors.inc.tmpl $(srcdir)/defs/known_errors.def
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/generic_erb.rb -c -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/known_errors.inc.tmpl $(srcdir)/defs/known_errors.def
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -c -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/known_errors.inc.tmpl $(srcdir)/defs/known_errors.def
 
-miniprelude.c: $(srcdir)/tool/compile_prelude.rb $(srcdir)/prelude.rb
+vm_call_iseq_optimized.inc: $(srcdir)/template/call_iseq_optimized.inc.tmpl
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -I$(srcdir) $(srcdir)/tool/compile_prelude.rb $(srcdir)/prelude.rb $@
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -c -o $@ $(srcdir)/template/call_iseq_optimized.inc.tmpl
 
-prelude.c: $(srcdir)/tool/compile_prelude.rb $(RBCONFIG) \
-	   $(srcdir)/lib/rubygems/defaults.rb $(srcdir)/lib/rubygems/custom_require.rb \
-	   $(PRELUDE_SCRIPTS) $(PREP)
+$(MINIPRELUDE_C): $(COMPILE_PRELUDE) $(BUILTIN_RB_SRCS)
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(COMPILE_PRELUDE) $(PRELUDE_SCRIPTS) $@
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -I$(srcdir) -o $@ \
+		$(srcdir)/template/prelude.c.tmpl $(BUILTIN_RB_SRCS)
 
-golf_prelude.c: $(srcdir)/tool/compile_prelude.rb $(RBCONFIG) $(srcdir)/prelude.rb $(srcdir)/golf_prelude.rb $(PREP)
+$(GOLF_PRELUDE_C): $(COMPILE_PRELUDE) {$(srcdir)}golf_prelude.rb
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(COMPILE_PRELUDE) $(srcdir)/golf_prelude.rb $@
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -I$(srcdir) -c -o $@ \
+		$(srcdir)/template/prelude.c.tmpl golf_prelude.rb
+
+MAINCPPFLAGS = $(ENABLE_DEBUG_ENV:yes=-DRUBY_DEBUG_ENV=1)
+
+$(MAINOBJ): $(srcdir)/$(MAINSRC)
+	$(ECHO) compiling $(srcdir)/$(MAINSRC)
+	$(Q) $(CC) $(MAINCPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(XCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -c $(CSRCFLAG)$(srcdir)/$(MAINSRC)
+
+{$(VPATH)}probes.dmyh: {$(srcdir)}probes.d $(tooldir)/gen_dummy_probes.rb
+
+probes.dmyh:
+	$(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/gen_dummy_probes.rb $(srcdir)/probes.d > $@
+
+probes.h: {$(VPATH)}probes.$(DTRACE_EXT)
 
 prereq: incs srcs preludes PHONY
 
 preludes: {$(VPATH)}miniprelude.c
 preludes: {$(srcdir)}golf_prelude.c
 
+{$(srcdir)}.rb.rbinc:
+	$(ECHO) making $@
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/mk_builtin_loader.rb $<
+
+builtin_binary.inc: $(PREP) $(BUILTIN_RB_SRCS) $(srcdir)/template/builtin_binary.inc.tmpl
+	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb -o $@ \
+		$(srcdir)/template/builtin_binary.inc.tmpl -- --cross=$(CROSS_COMPILING)
+
+$(BUILTIN_RB_INCS): $(top_srcdir)/tool/mk_builtin_loader.rb
+
 $(srcdir)/revision.h:
-	@exit > $@
+	$(Q)$(gnumake:yes=#) $(RM) $(@F)
+	$(Q)$(gnumake:yes=#) $(NULLCMD) > $@ || $(NULLCMD) > $(@F)
+
+revision.tmp::
+	$(Q) $(NULLCMD) > $@
+revision.$(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=tmp):: $(srcdir)/version.h $(tooldir)/file2lastrev.rb $(REVISION_FORCE)
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/file2lastrev.rb -q --revision.h --srcdir="$(srcdir)" > $@
+
+$(REVISION_H): revision.tmp
+	$(Q)$(IFCHANGE) "--timestamp=$@" "$(srcdir)/revision.h" revision.tmp
+
+$(srcdir)/ext/ripper/ripper.c: $(srcdir)/ext/ripper/tools/preproc.rb $(srcdir)/parse.y id.h $(srcdir)/ext/ripper/depend
+	$(ECHO) generating $@
+	$(Q) VPATH=$${PWD-`pwd`} && $(CHDIR) $(@D) && \
+	sed -e 's/{\$$([^(){}]*)[^{}]*}//g' -e /AUTOGENERATED/q depend | \
+	$(exec) $(MAKE) -f - $(mflags) \
+		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) RM="$(RM)" BISON=$(YACC) top_srcdir=../.. srcdir=. VPATH="$${VPATH}" \
+		RUBY="$(BASERUBY)" PATH_SEPARATOR="$(PATH_SEPARATOR)" LANG=C
+
+$(srcdir)/ext/json/parser/parser.c: $(srcdir)/ext/json/parser/parser.rl $(srcdir)/ext/json/parser/prereq.mk
+	$(ECHO) generating $@
+	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && $(exec) $(MAKE) -f prereq.mk $(mflags) \
+		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../../.. BASERUBY="$(BASERUBY)"
 
-$(REVISION_H): $(srcdir)/version.h $(srcdir)/ChangeLog $(srcdir)/tool/file2lastrev.rb $(REVISION_FORCE)
-	@-$(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/file2lastrev.rb --revision.h "$(srcdir)" > "$(srcdir)/revision.tmp"
-	@$(IFCHANGE) "--timestamp=$@" "$(srcdir)/revision.h" "$(srcdir)/revision.tmp"
+$(srcdir)/ext/date/zonetab.h: $(srcdir)/ext/date/zonetab.list $(srcdir)/ext/date/prereq.mk
+	$(ECHO) generating $@
+	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && $(exec) $(MAKE) -f prereq.mk $(mflags) \
+		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../.. BASERUBY="$(BASERUBY)"
 
-$(srcdir)/ext/ripper/ripper.c: parse.y
+$(srcdir)/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/sizes.c: $(srcdir)/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/depend \
+		$(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/sizes.c.tmpl $(srcdir)/configure.ac
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && $(exec) $(MAKE) -f depend $(MFLAGS) \
-		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../.. srcdir=. RUBY=$(BASERUBY)
+	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && \
+	sed '/AUTOGENERATED/q' depend | \
+	$(exec) $(MAKE) -f - $(mflags) \
+		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../../.. RUBY="$(BASERUBY)" $(@F)
 
-$(srcdir)/ext/json/parser/parser.c: $(srcdir)/ext/json/parser/parser.rl
+$(srcdir)/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/limits.c: $(srcdir)/ext/rbconfig/sizeof/depend \
+		$(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb $(srcdir)/template/limits.c.tmpl
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && $(exec) $(MAKE) -f prereq.mk $(MFLAGS) \
-		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../../.. srcdir=.
+	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && \
+	sed '/AUTOGENERATED/q' depend | \
+	$(exec) $(MAKE) -f - $(mflags) \
+		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../../.. RUBY="$(BASERUBY)" $(@F)
+
+$(srcdir)/ext/socket/constdefs.c: $(srcdir)/ext/socket/depend
+	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && \
+	sed '/AUTOGENERATED/q' depend | \
+	$(exec) $(MAKE) -f - $(mflags) \
+		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../.. RUBY="$(BASERUBY)"
+
+$(srcdir)/ext/etc/constdefs.h: $(srcdir)/ext/etc/depend
+	$(Q) $(CHDIR) $(@D) && \
+	sed '/AUTOGENERATED/q' depend | \
+	$(exec) $(MAKE) -f - $(mflags) \
+		Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) top_srcdir=../.. srcdir=. VPATH=../.. RUBY="$(BASERUBY)"
 
 ##
 
-run: miniruby$(EXEEXT) PHONY
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT) $(RUNOPT)
+run: fake miniruby$(EXEEXT) PHONY
+	$(BTESTRUBY) $(RUNOPT0) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT) $(RUNOPT)
 
 runruby: $(PROGRAM) PHONY
-	$(RUNRUBY) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT)
+	$(RUNRUBY) $(RUNOPT0) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT) $(RUNOPT)
 
-parse: miniruby$(EXEEXT) PHONY
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/parse.rb $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT)
+parse: fake miniruby$(EXEEXT) PHONY
+	$(BTESTRUBY) --dump=parsetree_with_comment,insns $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT)
 
-COMPARE_RUBY = $(BASERUBY)
-ITEM = 
-OPTS = 
-
-benchmark: $(PROGRAM) PHONY
-	$(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/benchmark/driver.rb -v \
-	            --executables="$(COMPARE_RUBY); $(RUNRUBY)" \
-	            --pattern='bm_' --directory=$(srcdir)/benchmark $(OPTS)
+bisect: PHONY
+	$(tooldir)/bisect.sh miniruby $(srcdir)
 
-benchmark-each: $(PROGRAM) PHONY
-	$(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/benchmark/driver.rb -v \
-	            --executables="$(COMPARE_RUBY); $(RUNRUBY)" \
-	            --pattern=$(ITEM) --directory=$(srcdir)/benchmark $(OPTS)
+bisect-ruby: PHONY
+	$(tooldir)/bisect.sh ruby $(srcdir)
 
-tbench: $(PROGRAM) PHONY
-	$(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/benchmark/driver.rb -v \
-	            --executables="$(COMPARE_RUBY); $(RUNRUBY)" \
-	            --pattern='bmx_' --directory=$(srcdir)/benchmark $(OPTS)
+COMPARE_RUBY = $(BASERUBY)
+BENCH_RUBY = $(RUNRUBY)
+BENCH_OPTS = --output=markdown --output-compare
+ITEM =
+ARGS = $$(find $(srcdir)/benchmark -maxdepth 1 -name '$(ITEM)' -o -name '*$(ITEM)*.yml' -o -name '*$(ITEM)*.rb' | sort)
+OPTS =
+
+# See benchmark/README.md for details.
+benchmark: miniruby$(EXEEXT) update-benchmark-driver PHONY
+	$(BASERUBY) -rrubygems -I$(srcdir)/benchmark/lib $(srcdir)/benchmark/benchmark-driver/exe/benchmark-driver \
+	            --executables="compare-ruby::$(COMPARE_RUBY) -I$(EXTOUT)/common --disable-gem" \
+	            --executables="built-ruby::$(BENCH_RUBY) --disable-gem" \
+	            $(BENCH_OPTS) $(ARGS) $(OPTS)
 
 run.gdb:
-	echo b ruby_debug_breakpoint           > run.gdb
+	echo set breakpoint pending on         > run.gdb
+	echo b rb_assert_failure              >> run.gdb
+	echo b rb_bug                         >> run.gdb
+	echo b ruby_debug_breakpoint          >> run.gdb
 	echo '# handle SIGINT nostop'         >> run.gdb
 	echo '# handle SIGPIPE nostop'        >> run.gdb
 	echo '# b rb_longjmp'                 >> run.gdb
@@ -914,65 +1253,15124 @@ run.gdb:
 
 
 gdb: miniruby$(EXEEXT) run.gdb PHONY
-	gdb -x run.gdb --quiet --args $(MINIRUBY) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT)
+	gdb -x run.gdb --quiet --args $(MINIRUBY) $(RUNOPT0) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT) $(RUNOPT)
 
 gdb-ruby: $(PROGRAM) run.gdb PHONY
-	gdb -x run.gdb --quiet --args $(PROGRAM) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT)
+	$(Q) $(RUNRUBY_COMMAND) $(RUNRUBY_DEBUGGER) -- $(RUNOPT0) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT) $(RUNOPT)
+
+LLDB_INIT = command script import -r $(srcdir)/misc/lldb_cruby.py
 
+lldb: miniruby$(EXEEXT) PHONY
+	lldb -o '$(LLDB_INIT)' miniruby$(EXEEXT) -- $(RUNOPT0) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT) $(RUNOPT)
+
+lldb-ruby: $(PROGRAM) PHONY
+	lldb $(enable_shared:yes=-o 'target modules add ${LIBRUBY_SO}') -o '$(LLDB_INIT)' $(PROGRAM) -- $(RUNOPT0) $(TESTRUN_SCRIPT) $(RUNOPT)
+
+DISTPKGS = gzip,zip,all
+PKGSDIR = tmp
 dist:
-	$(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/make-snapshot tmp $(RELNAME)
+	$(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/make-snapshot \
+	-srcdir=$(srcdir) -packages=$(DISTPKGS) \
+	-unicode-version=$(UNICODE_VERSION) \
+	$(DISTOPTS) $(PKGSDIR) $(RELNAME)
+
+up:: update-remote
 
 up::
-	-@$(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) REVISION_FORCE=PHONY "$(REVISION_H)"
+	-$(Q)$(MAKE) $(mflags) Q=$(Q) REVISION_FORCE=PHONY after-update
+
+yes::
+no::
+
+after-update:: $(REVISION_H)
+after-update:: extract-extlibs
+after-update:: extract-gems
+
+update-remote:: update-src update-download
+update-download:: $(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=update-unicode)
+update-download:: update-gems
+update-download:: download-extlibs
+
+update-mspec:
+update-rubyspec:
+
+update-config_files: PHONY
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" tool/downloader.rb -d tool --cache-dir=$(CACHE_DIR) -e gnu \
+	    config.guess config.sub
+
+refresh-gems: update-bundled_gems prepare-gems
+prepare-gems: $(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=update-gems) $(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=extract-gems)
+
+update-gems$(gnumake:yes=-nongnumake): PHONY
+	$(ECHO) Downloading bundled gem files...
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" \
+	    -I./tool -rdownloader -answ \
+	    -e 'gem, ver = *$$F' \
+	    -e 'next if !ver or /^#/=~gem' \
+	    -e 'old = Dir.glob("gems/#{gem}-*.gem")' \
+	    -e 'gem = "#{gem}-#{ver}.gem"' \
+	    -e 'Downloader::RubyGems.download(gem, "gems", nil) and' \
+	    -e '(old.delete("gems/#{gem}"); !old.empty?) and' \
+	    -e 'File.unlink(*old) and' \
+	    -e 'FileUtils.rm_rf(old.map{'"|n|"'n.chomp(".gem")})' \
+	    gems/bundled_gems
+
+extract-gems$(gnumake:yes=-nongnumake): PHONY
+	$(ECHO) Extracting bundled gem files...
+	$(Q) $(RUNRUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" \
+	    -Itool -rgem-unpack -answ \
+	    -e 'BEGIN {FileUtils.mkdir_p(d = ".bundle/gems")}' \
+	    -e 'gem, ver = *$$F' \
+	    -e 'next if !ver or /^#/=~gem' \
+	    -e 'g = "#{gem}-#{ver}"' \
+	    -e 'File.directory?("#{d}/#{g}") or Gem.unpack("gems/#{g}.gem", d)' \
+	    gems/bundled_gems
+
+update-bundled_gems: PHONY
+	$(Q) $(RUNRUBY) -rrubygems \
+	     $(tooldir)/update-bundled_gems.rb \
+	     "$(srcdir)/gems/bundled_gems" | \
+	"$(IFCHANGE)" "$(srcdir)/gems/bundled_gems" -
+
+test-bundled-gems-precheck: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundled-gems-precheck
+yes-test-bundled-gems-precheck: main
+no-test-bundled-gems-precheck:
+
+test-bundled-gems-fetch: $(PREP)
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C $(srcdir)/gems ../tool/fetch-bundled_gems.rb src bundled_gems
+
+test-bundled-gems-prepare: test-bundled-gems-precheck test-bundled-gems-fetch
+test-bundled-gems-prepare: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundled-gems-prepare
+no-test-bundled-gems-prepare: no-test-bundled-gems-precheck
+yes-test-bundled-gems-prepare: yes-test-bundled-gems-precheck
+	$(XRUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" bin/gem install --no-document \
+		--install-dir .bundle --conservative "bundler" "minitest:~> 5" "test-unit" "rake" "hoe" "rexml" "json-schema" "rbs:~> 1.6.2"
+
+PREPARE_BUNDLED_GEMS = test-bundled-gems-prepare
+test-bundled-gems: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundled-gems
+yes-test-bundled-gems: test-bundled-gems-run
+no-test-bundled-gems:
+
+# Override this to allow failure of specific gems on CI
+# TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES =
+
+BUNDLED_GEMS =
+test-bundled-gems-run: $(PREPARE_BUNDLED_GEMS)
+	$(Q) $(XRUBY) $(tooldir)/test-bundled-gems.rb $(BUNDLED_GEMS)
+
+test-bundler-precheck: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundler-precheck
+no-test-bundler-precheck:
+yes-test-bundler-precheck: main
+
+no-test-bundler-prepare: no-test-bundler-precheck
+yes-test-bundler-prepare: yes-test-bundler-precheck
+	$(XRUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" bin/gem install --no-document \
+		--install-dir .bundle --conservative "rspec:~> 3.8" "rake:~> 13.0" "parallel_tests:~> 2.29"
+
+RSPECOPTS =
+BUNDLER_SPECS =
+test-bundler: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundler
+yes-test-bundler: yes-test-bundler-prepare
+	$(XRUBY) -C $(srcdir) -Ispec/bundler .bundle/bin/rspec \
+		--require spec_helper $(RSPECOPTS) spec/bundler/$(BUNDLER_SPECS)
+no-test-bundler:
+
+PARALLELRSPECOPTS = --runtime-log $(srcdir)/tmp/parallel_runtime_rspec.log
+test-bundler-parallel: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundler-parallel
+yes-test-bundler-parallel: yes-test-bundler-prepare
+	$(XRUBY) -I$(srcdir)/spec/bundler \
+		-e "ENV['PARALLEL_TESTS_EXECUTABLE'] = ARGV.shift" \
+		-e "load ARGV.shift" \
+		"$(XRUBY) -C $(srcdir) -Ispec/bundler .bundle/bin/rspec" \
+		$(srcdir)/.bundle/bin/parallel_rspec \
+		-o "--require spec_helper" \
+		$(PARALLELRSPECOPTS) $(srcdir)/spec/bundler/$(BUNDLER_SPECS)
+no-test-bundler-parallel:
+
+GEM = up
+sync-default-gems:
+	$(Q) $(XRUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" tool/sync_default_gems.rb $(GEM)
+
+UNICODE_FILES = $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/UnicodeData.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/CompositionExclusions.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/NormalizationTest.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/CaseFolding.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/SpecialCasing.txt \
+		$(empty)
+
+UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES =  \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/Blocks.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/DerivedAge.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/DerivedCoreProperties.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/PropList.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/PropertyAliases.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/PropertyValueAliases.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/Scripts.txt \
+		$(empty)
+
+UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES =  \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/auxiliary/GraphemeBreakProperty.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/auxiliary/GraphemeBreakTest.txt \
+		$(empty)
+
+UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES = \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR)/emoji-data.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR)/emoji-sequences.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR)/emoji-test.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR)/emoji-variation-sequences.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR)/emoji-zwj-sequences.txt \
+		$(empty)
+
+update-unicode: $(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES) \
+		$(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES) $(UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES)
+
+CACHE_DIR = $(srcdir)/.downloaded-cache
+UNICODE_DOWNLOAD = \
+	$(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/downloader.rb \
+	    --cache-dir=$(CACHE_DIR) \
+	    --unicode-beta $(UNICODE_BETA) \
+	    -d $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR) \
+	    -p $(UNICODE_VERSION)/ucd \
+	    -e $(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=-a) unicode
+UNICODE_AUXILIARY_DOWNLOAD = \
+	$(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/downloader.rb \
+	    --cache-dir=$(CACHE_DIR) \
+	    --unicode-beta $(UNICODE_BETA) \
+	    -d $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/auxiliary \
+	    -p $(UNICODE_VERSION)/ucd/auxiliary \
+	    -e $(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=-a) unicode
+UNICODE_EMOJI_DOWNLOAD = \
+	$(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/downloader.rb \
+	    --cache-dir=$(CACHE_DIR) \
+	    --unicode-beta $(UNICODE_BETA) \
+	    -d $(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR) \
+	    -p emoji/$(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION) \
+	    -e $(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=-a) unicode
+
+$(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES): update-unicode-files
+update-unicode-files:
+	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode $(UNICODE_VERSION) data and  property files...
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)"
+	$(Q) $(UNICODE_DOWNLOAD) $(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES)
+
+$(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES): update-unicode-auxiliary-files
+update-unicode-auxiliary-files:
+	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode $(UNICODE_VERSION) auxiliary files...
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/auxiliary"
+	$(Q) $(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_DOWNLOAD) $(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES)
+
+$(UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES): update-unicode-emoji-files
+update-unicode-emoji-files:
+	$(ECHO) Downloading Unicode emoji $(UNICODE_EMOJI_VERSION) files...
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) "$(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR)"
+	$(Q) $(UNICODE_EMOJI_DOWNLOAD) $(UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES)
+
+$(srcdir)/lib/unicode_normalize/$(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=tables.rb): \
+	$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/.unicode-tables.time
+
+$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/$(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=.unicode-tables.time): \
+	$(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES) \
+	$(UNICODE_AUXILIARY_FILES) $(UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES)
+
+touch-unicode-files:
+	$(MAKEDIRS) $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)
+	touch $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/.unicode-tables.time $(UNICODE_DATA_HEADERS)
+
+UNICODE_TABLES_TIMESTAMP = yes
+$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/.unicode-tables.time: $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb \
+		$(srcdir)/template/unicode_norm_gen.tmpl \
+		$(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=update-unicode)
+	$(Q) $(MAKE) $(@D)
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/generic_erb.rb \
+		-c $(UNICODE_TABLES_TIMESTAMP:yes=-t$@) \
+		-o $(srcdir)/lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb \
+		-I $(srcdir) \
+		$(srcdir)/template/unicode_norm_gen.tmpl \
+		$(UNICODE_DATA_DIR) lib/unicode_normalize
+
+$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR):
+	$(gnumake_recursive)$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $@
+
+$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)/$(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=name2ctype.h): \
+		$(tooldir)/enc-unicode.rb \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/UnicodeData.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES) \
+		$(UNICODE_EMOJI_FILES)
+
+$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)/name2ctype.h:
+	$(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	$(BOOTSTRAPRUBY) $(tooldir)/enc-unicode.rb --header \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR) $(UNICODE_SRC_EMOJI_DATA_DIR) > $@.new
+	$(MV) $@.new $@
+
+# the next non-comment line was:
+# $(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)/casefold.h: $(srcdir)/enc/unicode/case-folding.rb \
+# but was changed to make sure CI works on systems that don't have gperf
+unicode-up: $(UNICODE_DATA_HEADERS)
+
+$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)/$(ALWAYS_UPDATE_UNICODE:yes=casefold.h): \
+		$(srcdir)/enc/unicode/case-folding.rb \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/UnicodeData.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/SpecialCasing.txt \
+		$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/CaseFolding.txt
+
+$(UNICODE_HDR_DIR)/casefold.h:
+	$(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) $(srcdir)/enc/unicode/case-folding.rb \
+		--output-file=$@ \
+		--mapping-data-directory=$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)
+
+download-extlibs:
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C $(srcdir) -w tool/extlibs.rb --download ext
+
+extract-extlibs:
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C $(srcdir) -w tool/extlibs.rb --all ext
+
+clean-extlibs:
+	$(Q) $(RMALL) $(srcdir)/.downloaded-cache
+
+clean-gems:
+	$(Q) $(RM) gems/*.gem
+
+CLEAN_CACHE = clean-extlibs
 
 info: info-program info-libruby_a info-libruby_so info-arch
-info-program:
+info-program: PHONY
 	@echo PROGRAM=$(PROGRAM)
-info-libruby_a:
+info-libruby_a: PHONY
 	@echo LIBRUBY_A=$(LIBRUBY_A)
-info-libruby_so:
+info-libruby_so: PHONY
 	@echo LIBRUBY_SO=$(LIBRUBY_SO)
-info-arch:
+info-arch: PHONY
 	@echo arch=$(arch)
 
-change: PHONY
-	$(BASERUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" ./tool/change_maker.rb $(CHANGES) > change.log
+exam: check
 
-love: sudo-precheck up all test install test-all
+love: sudo-precheck up all test exam install
 	@echo love is all you need
 
-sudo-precheck:
+great: exam
+
+yes-test-all no-test-all: sudo-precheck
+
+sudo-precheck: PHONY
 	@$(SUDO) echo > $(NULL)
 
+update-man-date: PHONY
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+	-e 'BEGIN{@vcs=VCS.detect(ARGV.shift)}' \
+	-e '$$_.sub!(/^(\.Dd ).*/){$$1+@vcs.modified(ARGF.path).strftime("%B %d, %Y")}' \
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 help: PHONY
 	$(MESSAGE_BEGIN) \
 	"                Makefile of Ruby" \
 	"" \
 	"targets:" \
-	"  all (default):   builds all of below" \
-	"  miniruby:        builds only miniruby" \
-	"  encs:            builds encodings" \
-	"  exts:            builds extensions" \
-	"  main:            builds encodings, extensions and ruby" \
-	"  docs:            builds documents" \
-	"  run:             runs test.rb by miniruby" \
-	"  runruby:         runs test.rb by ruby you just built" \
-	"  gdb:             runs test.rb by miniruby under gdb" \
-	"  gdb-ruby:        runs test.rb by ruby under gdb" \
-	"  check:           equals make test test-all" \
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-	"  test-rubyspec:   run RubySpec test suite" \
-	"  update-rubyspec: update local copy of RubySpec" \
-	"  benchmark:       benchmark this ruby and COMPARE_RUBY" \
-	"  install:         install all ruby distributions" \
-	"  install-nodoc:   install without rdoc" \
-	"  install-cross:   install cross compiling staff" \
-	"  clean:           clean for tarball" \
-	"  distclean:       clean for repository" \
-	"  change:          make change log template" \
-	"  golf:            for golfers" \
-	"" \
+	"  all (default):       builds all of below" \
+	"  miniruby:            builds only miniruby" \
+	"  encs:                builds encodings" \
+	"  exts:                builds extensions" \
+	"  main:                builds encodings, extensions and ruby" \
+	"  docs:                builds documents" \
+	"  install-capi:        builds C API documents" \
+	"  run:                 runs test.rb by miniruby" \
+	"  runruby:             runs test.rb by ruby you just built" \
+	"  gdb:                 runs test.rb by miniruby under gdb" \
+	"  gdb-ruby:            runs test.rb by ruby under gdb" \
+	"  check:               equals make test test-tool test-all test-spec" \
+	"  test:                ruby core tests [BTESTS=<bootstraptest files>]" \
+	"  test-all:            all ruby tests [TESTOPTS=-j4 TESTS=<test files>]" \
+	"  test-spec:           run the Ruby spec suite [SPECOPTS=<specs, opts>]" \
+	"  test-bundler:        run the Bundler spec" \
+	"  test-bundled-gems:   run the test suite of bundled gems" \
+	"  test-tool:           tests under the tool/test" \
+	"  update-gems:         download files of the bundled gems" \
+	"  update-bundled_gems: update the latest version of bundled gems" \
+	"  sync-default-gems:   sync default gems from upstream [GEM=<gem_name>]" \
+	"  up:                  update local copy and autogenerated files" \
+	"  benchmark:           benchmark this ruby and COMPARE_RUBY." \
+	"  gcbench:             gc benchmark [GCBENCH_ITEM=<item_name>]" \
+	"  install:             install all ruby distributions" \
+	"  install-nodoc:       install without rdoc" \
+	"  install-cross:       install cross compiling stuff" \
+	"  clean:               clean for tarball" \
+	"  distclean:           clean for repository" \
+	"  golf:                build goruby for golfers" \
+	$(HELP_EXTRA_TASKS) \
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-	"  http://redmine.ruby-lang.org/wiki/ruby/DeveloperHowto" \
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+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/object.h
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+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/process.h
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+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/range.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/rational.h
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+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/select.h
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+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/variable.h
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+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/iterator.h
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+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/module.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/newobj.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/rgengc.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/scan_args.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/serial.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/special_consts.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/static_assert.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/stdalign.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/stdbool.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/symbol.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/token_paste.h
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+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/vm.h
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+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}procstat_vm.c
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor_core.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_native.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_debug.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_sync.c
+vm_sync.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_sync.h
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+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/container_of/container_of.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/list/list.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(CCAN_DIR)/str/str.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/array.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/compilers.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/gc.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/hash.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/imemo.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/serial.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/static_assert.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/symbol.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/vm.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): $(top_srcdir)/internal/warnings.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}assert.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}atomic.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/assume.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/attributes.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/bool.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/gcc_version_since.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/inttypes.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/limits.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/long_long.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdalign.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}backward/2/stdarg.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}builtin.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}config.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}debug_counter.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}defines.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}encoding.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}eval_intern.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}id.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}intern.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/anyargs.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/char.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/double.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/fixnum.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/gid_t.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/int.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/intptr_t.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/long.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/long_long.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/mode_t.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/off_t.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/pid_t.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/short.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/size_t.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/st_data_t.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/arithmetic/uid_t.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/assume.h
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+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/artificial.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/cold.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/const.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/constexpr.h
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+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/diagnose_if.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/enum_extensibility.h
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+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/flag_enum.h
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+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/format.h
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+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noalias.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/nodiscard.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noexcept.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noinline.h
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+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/noreturn.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/pure.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/restrict.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/returns_nonnull.h
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+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/attr/weakref.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/cast.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_is.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_is/apple.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_is/clang.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_is/gcc.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_is/intel.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_is/msvc.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_is/sunpro.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/compiler_since.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/config.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/constant_p.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rarray.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rbasic.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rbignum.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rclass.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rdata.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rfile.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rhash.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/robject.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rregexp.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rstring.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rstruct.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/core/rtypeddata.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/ctype.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/dllexport.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/dosish.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/error.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/eval.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/event.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/fl_type.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/gc.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/glob.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/globals.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/has/attribute.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/has/builtin.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/has/c_attribute.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/has/cpp_attribute.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/has/declspec_attribute.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/has/extension.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/has/feature.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/has/warning.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/array.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/bignum.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/class.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/compar.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/complex.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/cont.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/dir.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/enum.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/enumerator.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/error.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/eval.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/file.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/gc.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/hash.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/io.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/load.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/marshal.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/numeric.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/object.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/parse.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/proc.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/process.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/random.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/range.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/rational.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/re.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/ruby.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/select.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/select/largesize.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/signal.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/sprintf.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/string.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/struct.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/thread.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/time.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/variable.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/intern/vm.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/interpreter.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/iterator.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/memory.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/method.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/module.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/newobj.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/rgengc.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/scan_args.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/special_consts.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/static_assert.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/stdalign.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/stdbool.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/symbol.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/token_paste.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/value.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/value_type.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/variable.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/warning_push.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}internal/xmalloc.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}iseq.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}method.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}missing.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}mjit.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}node.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}onigmo.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}oniguruma.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ractor.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_assert.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}ruby_atomic.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_native.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}trace_point.rbinc
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_core.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h
+vm_trace.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}vm_trace.c
+# AUTOGENERATED DEPENDENCIES END
diff --git a/compar.c b/compar.c
index 65def78484..04d4ff8c70 100644
--- a/compar.c
+++ b/compar.c
@@ -9,42 +9,61 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
+#include "id.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/compar.h"
+#include "internal/error.h"
+#include "internal/vm.h"
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"
 
 VALUE rb_mComparable;
 
-static ID cmp;
+static VALUE
+rb_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    return rb_funcallv(x, idCmp, 1, &y);
+}
 
 void
 rb_cmperr(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    const char *classname;
+    VALUE classname;
 
-    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(y)) {
-	y = rb_inspect(y);
-	classname = StringValuePtr(y);
+    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(y) || BUILTIN_TYPE(y) == T_FLOAT) {
+	classname = rb_inspect(y);
     }
     else {
-	classname = rb_obj_classname(y);
+	classname = rb_obj_class(y);
     }
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "comparison of %s with %s failed",
-	     rb_obj_classname(x), classname);
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "comparison of %"PRIsVALUE" with %"PRIsVALUE" failed",
+	     rb_obj_class(x), classname);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-cmp_eq(VALUE *a)
+invcmp_recursive(VALUE x, VALUE y, int recursive)
 {
-    VALUE c = rb_funcall(a[0], cmp, 1, a[1]);
+    if (recursive) return Qnil;
+    return rb_cmp(y, x);
+}
 
-    if (NIL_P(c)) return Qfalse;
-    if (rb_cmpint(c, a[0], a[1]) == 0) return Qtrue;
-    return Qfalse;
+VALUE
+rb_invcmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    VALUE invcmp = rb_exec_recursive(invcmp_recursive, x, y);
+    if (invcmp == Qundef || NIL_P(invcmp)) {
+	return Qnil;
+    }
+    else {
+	int result = -rb_cmpint(invcmp, x, y);
+	return INT2FIX(result);
+    }
 }
 
 static VALUE
-cmp_failed(void)
+cmp_eq_recursive(VALUE arg1, VALUE arg2, int recursive)
 {
-    return Qfalse;
+    if (recursive) return Qnil;
+    return rb_cmp(arg1, arg2);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -59,12 +78,20 @@ cmp_failed(void)
 static VALUE
 cmp_equal(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    VALUE a[2];
-
+    VALUE c;
     if (x == y) return Qtrue;
 
-    a[0] = x; a[1] = y;
-    return rb_rescue(cmp_eq, (VALUE)a, cmp_failed, 0);
+    c = rb_exec_recursive_paired_outer(cmp_eq_recursive, x, y, y);
+
+    if (NIL_P(c)) return Qfalse;
+    if (rb_cmpint(c, x, y) == 0) return Qtrue;
+    return Qfalse;
+}
+
+static int
+cmpint(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    return rb_cmpint(rb_cmp(x, y), x, y);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -72,15 +99,13 @@ cmp_equal(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *     obj > other    -> true or false
  *
  *  Compares two objects based on the receiver's <code><=></code>
- *  method, returning true if it returns 1.
+ *  method, returning true if it returns a value greater than 0.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 cmp_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    VALUE c = rb_funcall(x, cmp, 1, y);
-
-    if (rb_cmpint(c, x, y) > 0) return Qtrue;
+    if (cmpint(x, y) > 0) return Qtrue;
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
@@ -89,15 +114,13 @@ cmp_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *     obj >= other    -> true or false
  *
  *  Compares two objects based on the receiver's <code><=></code>
- *  method, returning true if it returns 0 or 1.
+ *  method, returning true if it returns a value greater than or equal to 0.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 cmp_ge(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    VALUE c = rb_funcall(x, cmp, 1, y);
-
-    if (rb_cmpint(c, x, y) >= 0) return Qtrue;
+    if (cmpint(x, y) >= 0) return Qtrue;
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
@@ -106,15 +129,13 @@ cmp_ge(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *     obj < other    -> true or false
  *
  *  Compares two objects based on the receiver's <code><=></code>
- *  method, returning true if it returns -1.
+ *  method, returning true if it returns a value less than 0.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 cmp_lt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    VALUE c = rb_funcall(x, cmp, 1, y);
-
-    if (rb_cmpint(c, x, y) < 0) return Qtrue;
+    if (cmpint(x, y) < 0) return Qtrue;
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
@@ -123,15 +144,13 @@ cmp_lt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *     obj <= other    -> true or false
  *
  *  Compares two objects based on the receiver's <code><=></code>
- *  method, returning true if it returns -1 or 0.
+ *  method, returning true if it returns a value less than or equal to 0.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 cmp_le(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    VALUE c = rb_funcall(x, cmp, 1, y);
-
-    if (rb_cmpint(c, x, y) <= 0) return Qtrue;
+    if (cmpint(x, y) <= 0) return Qtrue;
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
@@ -139,9 +158,9 @@ cmp_le(VALUE x, VALUE y)
  *  call-seq:
  *     obj.between?(min, max)    -> true or false
  *
- *  Returns <code>false</code> if <i>obj</i> <code><=></code>
- *  <i>min</i> is less than zero or if <i>anObject</i> <code><=></code>
- *  <i>max</i> is greater than zero, <code>true</code> otherwise.
+ *  Returns <code>false</code> if _obj_ <code><=></code> _min_ is less
+ *  than zero or if _obj_ <code><=></code> _max_ is greater than zero,
+ *  <code>true</code> otherwise.
  *
  *     3.between?(1, 5)               #=> true
  *     6.between?(1, 5)               #=> false
@@ -153,28 +172,103 @@ cmp_le(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 static VALUE
 cmp_between(VALUE x, VALUE min, VALUE max)
 {
-    if (RTEST(cmp_lt(x, min))) return Qfalse;
-    if (RTEST(cmp_gt(x, max))) return Qfalse;
+    if (cmpint(x, min) < 0) return Qfalse;
+    if (cmpint(x, max) > 0) return Qfalse;
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
 /*
- *  The <code>Comparable</code> mixin is used by classes whose objects
- *  may be ordered. The class must define the <code><=></code> operator,
- *  which compares the receiver against another object, returning -1, 0,
- *  or +1 depending on whether the receiver is less than, equal to, or
- *  greater than the other object. If the other object is not comparable
- *  then the <code><=></code> operator should return nil.
- *  <code>Comparable</code> uses
- *  <code><=></code> to implement the conventional comparison operators
- *  (<code><</code>, <code><=</code>, <code>==</code>, <code>>=</code>,
- *  and <code>></code>) and the method <code>between?</code>.
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     obj.clamp(min, max) ->  obj
+ *     obj.clamp(range)    ->  obj
+ *
+ * In <code>(min, max)</code> form, returns _min_ if _obj_
+ * <code><=></code> _min_ is less than zero, _max_ if _obj_
+ * <code><=></code> _max_ is greater than zero, and _obj_
+ * otherwise.
+ *
+ *     12.clamp(0, 100)         #=> 12
+ *     523.clamp(0, 100)        #=> 100
+ *     -3.123.clamp(0, 100)     #=> 0
+ *
+ *     'd'.clamp('a', 'f')      #=> 'd'
+ *     'z'.clamp('a', 'f')      #=> 'f'
+ *
+ * In <code>(range)</code> form, returns _range.begin_ if _obj_
+ * <code><=></code> _range.begin_ is less than zero, _range.end_
+ * if _obj_ <code><=></code> _range.end_ is greater than zero, and
+ * _obj_ otherwise.
+ *
+ *     12.clamp(0..100)         #=> 12
+ *     523.clamp(0..100)        #=> 100
+ *     -3.123.clamp(0..100)     #=> 0
+ *
+ *     'd'.clamp('a'..'f')      #=> 'd'
+ *     'z'.clamp('a'..'f')      #=> 'f'
+ *
+ * If _range.begin_ is +nil+, it is considered smaller than _obj_,
+ * and if _range.end_ is +nil+, it is considered greater than
+ * _obj_.
+ *
+ *     -20.clamp(0..)           #=> 0
+ *     523.clamp(..100)         #=> 100
+ *
+ * When _range.end_ is excluded and not +nil+, an exception is
+ * raised.
+ *
+ *     100.clamp(0...100)       # ArgumentError
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+cmp_clamp(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE x)
+{
+    VALUE min, max;
+    int c, excl = 0;
+
+    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &min, &max) == 1) {
+        VALUE range = min;
+        if (!rb_range_values(range, &min, &max, &excl)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (expected Range)",
+                     rb_builtin_class_name(range));
+        }
+        if (!NIL_P(max)) {
+            if (excl) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "cannot clamp with an exclusive range");
+        }
+    }
+    if (!NIL_P(min) && !NIL_P(max) && cmpint(min, max) > 0) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "min argument must be smaller than max argument");
+    }
+
+    if (!NIL_P(min)) {
+        c = cmpint(x, min);
+        if (c == 0) return x;
+        if (c < 0) return min;
+    }
+    if (!NIL_P(max)) {
+        c = cmpint(x, max);
+        if (c > 0) return max;
+    }
+    return x;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  The Comparable mixin is used by classes whose objects may be
+ *  ordered. The class must define the <code><=></code> operator,
+ *  which compares the receiver against another object, returning a
+ *  value less than 0, returning 0, or returning a value greater than 0,
+ *  depending on whether the receiver is less than, equal to,
+ *  or greater than the other object. If the other object is not
+ *  comparable then the <code><=></code> operator should return +nil+.
+ *  Comparable uses <code><=></code> to implement the conventional
+ *  comparison operators (<code><</code>, <code><=</code>,
+ *  <code>==</code>, <code>>=</code>, and <code>></code>) and the
+ *  method <code>between?</code>.
  *
  *     class SizeMatters
  *       include Comparable
  *       attr :str
- *       def <=>(anOther)
- *         str.size <=> anOther.str.size
+ *       def <=>(other)
+ *         str.size <=> other.str.size
  *       end
  *       def initialize(str)
  *         @str = str
@@ -200,9 +294,6 @@ cmp_between(VALUE x, VALUE min, VALUE max)
 void
 Init_Comparable(void)
 {
-#undef rb_intern
-#define rb_intern(str) rb_intern_const(str)
-
     rb_mComparable = rb_define_module("Comparable");
     rb_define_method(rb_mComparable, "==", cmp_equal, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_mComparable, ">", cmp_gt, 1);
@@ -210,6 +301,5 @@ Init_Comparable(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_mComparable, "<", cmp_lt, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_mComparable, "<=", cmp_le, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_mComparable, "between?", cmp_between, 2);
-
-    cmp = rb_intern("<=>");
+    rb_define_method(rb_mComparable, "clamp", cmp_clamp, -1);
 }
diff --git a/compile.c b/compile.c
index bbc80e5ef5..9844c145bc 100644
--- a/compile.c
+++ b/compile.c
@@ -9,26 +9,54 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#include "ruby/ruby.h"
-#include "internal.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
 #include <math.h>
 
-#define USE_INSN_STACK_INCREASE 1
-#include "vm_core.h"
+#ifdef HAVE_DLADDR
+# include <dlfcn.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "encindex.h"
+#include "gc.h"
+#include "id_table.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/array.h"
+#include "internal/compile.h"
+#include "internal/complex.h"
+#include "internal/encoding.h"
+#include "internal/error.h"
+#include "internal/hash.h"
+#include "internal/numeric.h"
+#include "internal/object.h"
+#include "internal/rational.h"
+#include "internal/re.h"
+#include "internal/symbol.h"
+#include "internal/thread.h"
+#include "internal/variable.h"
 #include "iseq.h"
+#include "ruby/re.h"
+#include "ruby/util.h"
+#include "vm_core.h"
+#include "vm_callinfo.h"
+#include "vm_debug.h"
+
+#include "builtin.h"
 #include "insns.inc"
 #include "insns_info.inc"
 
-#define numberof(array) (int)(sizeof(array) / sizeof((array)[0]))
+#undef RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING
+#define RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING 0
+
 #define FIXNUM_INC(n, i) ((n)+(INT2FIX(i)&~FIXNUM_FLAG))
 #define FIXNUM_OR(n, i) ((n)|INT2FIX(i))
 
 typedef struct iseq_link_element {
     enum {
-	ISEQ_ELEMENT_NONE,
+	ISEQ_ELEMENT_ANCHOR,
 	ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL,
 	ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN,
-	ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST
+	ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST,
+        ISEQ_ELEMENT_TRACE,
     } type;
     struct iseq_link_element *next;
     struct iseq_link_element *prev;
@@ -39,22 +67,35 @@ typedef struct iseq_link_anchor {
     LINK_ELEMENT *last;
 } LINK_ANCHOR;
 
+typedef enum {
+    LABEL_RESCUE_NONE,
+    LABEL_RESCUE_BEG,
+    LABEL_RESCUE_END,
+    LABEL_RESCUE_TYPE_MAX
+} LABEL_RESCUE_TYPE;
+
 typedef struct iseq_label_data {
     LINK_ELEMENT link;
     int label_no;
     int position;
     int sc_state;
-    int set;
     int sp;
+    int refcnt;
+    unsigned int set: 1;
+    unsigned int rescued: 2;
+    unsigned int unremovable: 1;
 } LABEL;
 
 typedef struct iseq_insn_data {
     LINK_ELEMENT link;
     enum ruby_vminsn_type insn_id;
-    int line_no;
     int operand_size;
     int sc_state;
     VALUE *operands;
+    struct {
+	int line_no;
+	rb_event_flag_t events;
+    } insn_info;
 } INSN;
 
 typedef struct iseq_adjust_data {
@@ -63,6 +104,12 @@ typedef struct iseq_adjust_data {
     int line_no;
 } ADJUST;
 
+typedef struct iseq_trace_data {
+    LINK_ELEMENT link;
+    rb_event_flag_t event;
+    long data;
+} TRACE;
+
 struct ensure_range {
     LABEL *begin;
     LABEL *end;
@@ -70,11 +117,13 @@ struct ensure_range {
 };
 
 struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack {
-    NODE *ensure_node;
+    const NODE *ensure_node;
     struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack *prev;
     struct ensure_range *erange;
 };
 
+const ID rb_iseq_shared_exc_local_tbl[] = {idERROR_INFO};
+
 /**
  * debug function(macro) interface depend on CPDEBUG
  * if it is less than 0, runtime option is in effect.
@@ -95,7 +144,7 @@ struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack {
 #if CPDEBUG >= 0
 #define compile_debug CPDEBUG
 #else
-#define compile_debug iseq->compile_data->option->debug_level
+#define compile_debug ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->debug_level
 #endif
 
 #if CPDEBUG
@@ -125,35 +174,25 @@ struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack {
 
 #define debug_node_start(node)  ((void) \
   (compile_debug_print_indent(1) && \
-   (ruby_debug_print_node(1, CPDEBUG, "", (NODE *)(node)), gl_node_level)), \
+   (ruby_debug_print_node(1, CPDEBUG, "", (const NODE *)(node)), gl_node_level)), \
    gl_node_level++)
 
-#define debug_node_end()  gl_node_level --;
+#define debug_node_end()  gl_node_level --
 
 #else
 
-static inline ID
-r_id(ID id)
-{
-    return id;
-}
-
-static inline VALUE
-r_value(VALUE value)
-{
-    return value;
-}
-
-#define debugi(header, id)                 r_id(id)
-#define debugp(header, value)              r_value(value)
-#define debugp_verbose(header, value)      r_value(value)
-#define debugp_verbose_node(header, value) r_value(value)
-#define debugp_param(header, value)        r_value(value)
+#define debugi(header, id)                 ((void)0)
+#define debugp(header, value)              ((void)0)
+#define debugp_verbose(header, value)      ((void)0)
+#define debugp_verbose_node(header, value) ((void)0)
+#define debugp_param(header, value)        ((void)0)
 #define debug_node_start(node)             ((void)0)
 #define debug_node_end()                   ((void)0)
 #endif
 
 #if CPDEBUG > 1 || CPDEBUG < 0
+#undef printf
+#define printf ruby_debug_printf
 #define debugs if (compile_debug_print_indent(1)) ruby_debug_printf
 #define debug_compile(msg, v) ((void)(compile_debug_print_indent(1) && fputs((msg), stderr)), (v))
 #else
@@ -161,21 +200,17 @@ r_value(VALUE value)
 #define debug_compile(msg, v) (v)
 #endif
 
+#define LVAR_ERRINFO (1)
 
 /* create new label */
 #define NEW_LABEL(l) new_label_body(iseq, (l))
+#define LABEL_FORMAT "<L%03d>"
 
-#define iseq_filename(iseq) \
-  (((rb_iseq_t*)DATA_PTR(iseq))->filename)
-
-#define iseq_filepath(iseq) \
-  (((rb_iseq_t*)DATA_PTR(iseq))->filepath)
+#define NEW_ISEQ(node, name, type, line_no) \
+  new_child_iseq(iseq, (node), rb_fstring(name), 0, (type), (line_no))
 
-#define NEW_ISEQVAL(node, name, type, line_no)       \
-  new_child_iseq(iseq, (node), (name), 0, (type), (line_no))
-
-#define NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(node, name, type, line_no)       \
-  new_child_iseq(iseq, (node), (name), iseq->self, (type), (line_no))
+#define NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(node, name, type, line_no) \
+  new_child_iseq(iseq, (node), rb_fstring(name), iseq, (type), (line_no))
 
 /* add instructions */
 #define ADD_SEQ(seq1, seq2) \
@@ -185,16 +220,34 @@ r_value(VALUE value)
 #define ADD_INSN(seq, line, insn) \
   ADD_ELEM((seq), (LINK_ELEMENT *) new_insn_body(iseq, (line), BIN(insn), 0))
 
-/* add an instruction with label operand */
-#define ADD_INSNL(seq, line, insn, label) \
-  ADD_ELEM((seq), (LINK_ELEMENT *) \
-           new_insn_body(iseq, (line), BIN(insn), 1, (VALUE)(label)))
+/* insert an instruction before next */
+#define INSERT_BEFORE_INSN(next, line, insn) \
+  ELEM_INSERT_PREV(&(next)->link, (LINK_ELEMENT *) new_insn_body(iseq, (line), BIN(insn), 0))
+
+/* insert an instruction after prev */
+#define INSERT_AFTER_INSN(prev, line, insn) \
+  ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(&(prev)->link, (LINK_ELEMENT *) new_insn_body(iseq, (line), BIN(insn), 0))
 
 /* add an instruction with some operands (1, 2, 3, 5) */
 #define ADD_INSN1(seq, line, insn, op1) \
   ADD_ELEM((seq), (LINK_ELEMENT *) \
            new_insn_body(iseq, (line), BIN(insn), 1, (VALUE)(op1)))
 
+/* insert an instruction with some operands (1, 2, 3, 5) before next */
+#define INSERT_BEFORE_INSN1(next, line, insn, op1) \
+  ELEM_INSERT_PREV(&(next)->link, (LINK_ELEMENT *) \
+           new_insn_body(iseq, (line), BIN(insn), 1, (VALUE)(op1)))
+
+/* insert an instruction with some operands (1, 2, 3, 5) after prev */
+#define INSERT_AFTER_INSN1(prev, line, insn, op1) \
+  ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(&(prev)->link, (LINK_ELEMENT *) \
+           new_insn_body(iseq, (line), BIN(insn), 1, (VALUE)(op1)))
+
+#define LABEL_REF(label) ((label)->refcnt++)
+
+/* add an instruction with label operand (alias of ADD_INSN1) */
+#define ADD_INSNL(seq, line, insn, label) (ADD_INSN1(seq, line, insn, label), LABEL_REF(label))
+
 #define ADD_INSN2(seq, line, insn, op1, op2) \
   ADD_ELEM((seq), (LINK_ELEMENT *) \
            new_insn_body(iseq, (line), BIN(insn), 2, (VALUE)(op1), (VALUE)(op2)))
@@ -205,34 +258,36 @@ r_value(VALUE value)
 
 /* Specific Insn factory */
 #define ADD_SEND(seq, line, id, argc) \
-  ADD_SEND_R((seq), (line), (id), (argc), (VALUE)Qfalse, (VALUE)INT2FIX(0))
+  ADD_SEND_R((seq), (line), (id), (argc), NULL, (VALUE)INT2FIX(0), NULL)
+
+#define ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(seq, line, id, argc, flag) \
+  ADD_SEND_R((seq), (line), (id), (argc), NULL, (VALUE)(flag), NULL)
+
+#define ADD_SEND_WITH_BLOCK(seq, line, id, argc, block) \
+  ADD_SEND_R((seq), (line), (id), (argc), (block), (VALUE)INT2FIX(0), NULL)
 
 #define ADD_CALL_RECEIVER(seq, line) \
   ADD_INSN((seq), (line), putself)
 
 #define ADD_CALL(seq, line, id, argc) \
-  ADD_SEND_R((seq), (line), (id), (argc), (VALUE)Qfalse, (VALUE)INT2FIX(VM_CALL_FCALL_BIT))
+  ADD_SEND_R((seq), (line), (id), (argc), NULL, (VALUE)INT2FIX(VM_CALL_FCALL), NULL)
 
 #define ADD_CALL_WITH_BLOCK(seq, line, id, argc, block) \
-  ADD_SEND_R((seq), (line), (id), (argc), (block), (VALUE)INT2FIX(VM_CALL_FCALL_BIT))
+  ADD_SEND_R((seq), (line), (id), (argc), (block), (VALUE)INT2FIX(VM_CALL_FCALL), NULL)
 
-#define ADD_SEND_R(seq, line, id, argc, block, flag) \
-  ADD_ELEM((seq), (LINK_ELEMENT *) \
-           new_insn_send(iseq, (line), \
-                         (VALUE)(id), (VALUE)(argc), (VALUE)(block), (VALUE)(flag)))
-
-#define ADD_TRACE(seq, line, event) \
-  do { \
-      if ((event) == RUBY_EVENT_LINE && iseq->coverage && \
-	  (line) != iseq->compile_data->last_coverable_line) { \
-	  RARRAY_PTR(iseq->coverage)[(line) - 1] = INT2FIX(0); \
-	  iseq->compile_data->last_coverable_line = (line); \
-	  ADD_INSN1((seq), (line), trace, INT2FIX(RUBY_EVENT_COVERAGE)); \
-      } \
-      if (iseq->compile_data->option->trace_instruction) { \
-	  ADD_INSN1((seq), (line), trace, INT2FIX(event)); \
-      } \
-  }while(0);
+#define ADD_SEND_R(seq, line, id, argc, block, flag, keywords) \
+  ADD_ELEM((seq), (LINK_ELEMENT *) new_insn_send(iseq, (line), (id), (VALUE)(argc), (block), (VALUE)(flag), (keywords)))
+
+#define ADD_TRACE(seq, event) \
+  ADD_ELEM((seq), (LINK_ELEMENT *)new_trace_body(iseq, (event), 0))
+#define ADD_TRACE_WITH_DATA(seq, event, data) \
+  ADD_ELEM((seq), (LINK_ELEMENT *)new_trace_body(iseq, (event), (data)))
+
+static void iseq_add_getlocal(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const seq, int line, int idx, int level);
+static void iseq_add_setlocal(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const seq, int line, int idx, int level);
+
+#define ADD_GETLOCAL(seq, line, idx, level) iseq_add_getlocal(iseq, (seq), (line), (idx), (level))
+#define ADD_SETLOCAL(seq, line, idx, level) iseq_add_setlocal(iseq, (seq), (line), (idx), (level))
 
 /* add label */
 #define ADD_LABEL(seq, label) \
@@ -247,11 +302,19 @@ r_value(VALUE value)
 #define ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(seq, label) \
   ADD_ELEM((seq), (LINK_ELEMENT *) new_adjust_body(iseq, (label), -1))
 
-#define ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(type, ls, le, iseqv, lc)		\
-    (rb_ary_push(iseq->compile_data->catch_table_ary,		\
-		 rb_ary_new3(5, (type),				\
-			     (VALUE)(ls) | 1, (VALUE)(le) | 1,	\
-			     (VALUE)(iseqv), (VALUE)(lc) | 1)))
+#define LABEL_UNREMOVABLE(label) \
+    ((label) ? (LABEL_REF(label), (label)->unremovable=1) : 0)
+#define ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(type, ls, le, iseqv, lc) do {				\
+    VALUE _e = rb_ary_new3(5, (type),						\
+			   (VALUE)(ls) | 1, (VALUE)(le) | 1,			\
+			   (VALUE)(iseqv), (VALUE)(lc) | 1);			\
+    LABEL_UNREMOVABLE(ls);							\
+    LABEL_REF(le);								\
+    LABEL_REF(lc);								\
+    if (NIL_P(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary)) \
+        RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary, rb_ary_tmp_new(3)); \
+    rb_ary_push(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary, freeze_hide_obj(_e));	\
+} while (0)
 
 /* compile node */
 #define COMPILE(anchor, desc, node) \
@@ -259,14 +322,19 @@ r_value(VALUE value)
                  iseq_compile_each(iseq, (anchor), (node), 0)))
 
 /* compile node, this node's value will be popped */
-#define COMPILE_POPED(anchor, desc, node)    \
+#define COMPILE_POPPED(anchor, desc, node)    \
   (debug_compile("== " desc "\n", \
                  iseq_compile_each(iseq, (anchor), (node), 1)))
 
-/* compile node, which is popped when 'poped' is true */
-#define COMPILE_(anchor, desc, node, poped)  \
+/* compile node, which is popped when 'popped' is true */
+#define COMPILE_(anchor, desc, node, popped)  \
   (debug_compile("== " desc "\n", \
-                 iseq_compile_each(iseq, (anchor), (node), (poped))))
+                 iseq_compile_each(iseq, (anchor), (node), (popped))))
+
+#define COMPILE_RECV(anchor, desc, node) \
+    (private_recv_p(node) ? \
+     (ADD_INSN(anchor, nd_line(node), putself), VM_CALL_FCALL) : \
+     COMPILE(anchor, desc, node->nd_recv) ? 0 : -1)
 
 #define OPERAND_AT(insn, idx) \
   (((INSN*)(insn))->operands[(idx)])
@@ -274,34 +342,108 @@ r_value(VALUE value)
 #define INSN_OF(insn) \
   (((INSN*)(insn))->insn_id)
 
+#define IS_INSN(link) ((link)->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN)
+#define IS_LABEL(link) ((link)->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL)
+#define IS_ADJUST(link) ((link)->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST)
+#define IS_TRACE(link) ((link)->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_TRACE)
+#define IS_INSN_ID(iobj, insn) (INSN_OF(iobj) == BIN(insn))
+#define IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(link, insn) \
+    ((link)->next && IS_INSN((link)->next) && IS_INSN_ID((link)->next, insn))
+
 /* error */
-#define COMPILE_ERROR(strs)                        \
-{                                                  \
-  VALUE tmp = GET_THREAD()->errinfo;               \
-  if (compile_debug) rb_compile_bug strs;          \
-  GET_THREAD()->errinfo = iseq->compile_data->err_info;  \
-  rb_compile_error strs;                           \
-  iseq->compile_data->err_info = GET_THREAD()->errinfo; \
-  GET_THREAD()->errinfo = tmp;                     \
-  ret = 0;                                         \
-  break;                                           \
+#if CPDEBUG > 0
+NORETURN(static void append_compile_error(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line, const char *fmt, ...));
+#endif
+
+static void
+append_compile_error(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+    VALUE err_info = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->err_info;
+    VALUE file = rb_iseq_path(iseq);
+    VALUE err = err_info == Qtrue ? Qfalse : err_info;
+    va_list args;
+
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    err = rb_syntax_error_append(err, file, line, -1, NULL, fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    if (NIL_P(err_info)) {
+	RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->err_info, err);
+	rb_set_errinfo(err);
+    }
+    else if (!err_info) {
+	RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->err_info, Qtrue);
+    }
+    if (compile_debug) {
+        if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(err)) err = rb_eSyntaxError;
+        rb_exc_fatal(err);
+    }
 }
 
-#define ERROR_ARGS ruby_sourcefile, nd_line(node),
+#if 0
+static void
+compile_bug(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    rb_report_bug_valist(rb_iseq_path(iseq), line, fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    abort();
+}
+#endif
+
+#define COMPILE_ERROR append_compile_error
 
+#define ERROR_ARGS_AT(n) iseq, nd_line(n),
+#define ERROR_ARGS ERROR_ARGS_AT(node)
+
+#define EXPECT_NODE(prefix, node, ndtype, errval) \
+do { \
+    const NODE *error_node = (node); \
+    enum node_type error_type = nd_type(error_node); \
+    if (error_type != (ndtype)) { \
+	COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS_AT(error_node) \
+		      prefix ": " #ndtype " is expected, but %s", \
+		      ruby_node_name(error_type)); \
+	return errval; \
+    } \
+} while (0)
+
+#define EXPECT_NODE_NONULL(prefix, parent, ndtype, errval) \
+do { \
+    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS_AT(parent) \
+		  prefix ": must be " #ndtype ", but 0"); \
+    return errval; \
+} while (0)
+
+#define UNKNOWN_NODE(prefix, node, errval) \
+do { \
+    const NODE *error_node = (node); \
+    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS_AT(error_node) prefix ": unknown node (%s)", \
+		  ruby_node_name(nd_type(error_node))); \
+    return errval; \
+} while (0)
 
 #define COMPILE_OK 1
 #define COMPILE_NG 0
 
+#define CHECK(sub) if (!(sub)) {BEFORE_RETURN;return COMPILE_NG;}
+#define NO_CHECK(sub) (void)(sub)
+#define BEFORE_RETURN
 
 /* leave name uninitialized so that compiler warn if INIT_ANCHOR is
  * missing */
 #define DECL_ANCHOR(name) \
-  LINK_ANCHOR *name, name##_body__ = {{0,},}
+    LINK_ANCHOR name[1] = {{{ISEQ_ELEMENT_ANCHOR,},}}
 #define INIT_ANCHOR(name) \
-  (name##_body__.last = &name##_body__.anchor, name = &name##_body__)
+    (name->last = &name->anchor)
 
-#define hide_obj(obj) do {OBJ_FREEZE(obj); RBASIC(obj)->klass = 0;} while (0)
+static inline VALUE
+freeze_hide_obj(VALUE obj)
+{
+    OBJ_FREEZE(obj);
+    RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(obj);
+    return obj;
+}
 
 #include "optinsn.inc"
 #if OPT_INSTRUCTIONS_UNIFICATION
@@ -318,42 +460,45 @@ r_value(VALUE value)
 #endif
 
 #if CPDEBUG
-#define gl_node_level iseq->compile_data->node_level
-#if 0
-static void debug_list(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anchor);
-#endif
+#define gl_node_level ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->node_level
 #endif
 
-static void dump_disasm_list(LINK_ELEMENT *elem);
+static void dump_disasm_list_with_cursor(const LINK_ELEMENT *link, const LINK_ELEMENT *curr, const LABEL *dest);
+static void dump_disasm_list(const LINK_ELEMENT *elem);
 
 static int insn_data_length(INSN *iobj);
-static int insn_data_line_no(INSN *iobj);
 static int calc_sp_depth(int depth, INSN *iobj);
 
-static INSN *new_insn_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line_no, int insn_id, int argc, ...);
+static INSN *new_insn_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line_no, enum ruby_vminsn_type insn_id, int argc, ...);
 static LABEL *new_label_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, long line);
 static ADJUST *new_adjust_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LABEL *label, int line);
+static TRACE *new_trace_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, rb_event_flag_t event, long data);
+
 
-static int iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor, NODE * n, int);
-static int iseq_setup(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor);
-static int iseq_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor);
-static int iseq_insns_unification(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor);
+static int iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor, const NODE *n, int);
+static int iseq_setup(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor);
+static int iseq_setup_insn(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor);
+static int iseq_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor);
+static int iseq_insns_unification(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor);
 
-static int iseq_set_local_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID *tbl);
+static int iseq_set_local_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const ID *tbl);
 static int iseq_set_exception_local_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq);
-static int iseq_set_arguments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor, NODE * node);
+static int iseq_set_arguments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor, const NODE *const node);
 
-static int iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor);
-static int iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor);
+static int iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor);
+static int iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor);
 static int iseq_set_exception_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq);
 static int iseq_set_optargs_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq);
 
+static int compile_defined_expr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, VALUE needstr);
+static int compile_hash(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *node, int method_call_keywords, int popped);
+
 /*
  * To make Array to LinkedList, use link_anchor
  */
 
 static void
-verify_list(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE const char *info, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+verify_list(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE const char *info, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
 #if CPDEBUG
     int flag = 0;
@@ -384,11 +529,49 @@ verify_list(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE const char *info, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 #define verify_list(info, anchor) verify_list(iseq, (info), (anchor))
 #endif
 
+static void
+verify_call_cache(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+#if CPDEBUG
+    // fprintf(stderr, "ci_size:%d\t", iseq->body->ci_size); rp(iseq);
+
+    VALUE *original = rb_iseq_original_iseq(iseq);
+    size_t i = 0;
+    while (i < iseq->body->iseq_size) {
+        VALUE insn = original[i];
+        const char *types = insn_op_types(insn);
+
+        for (int j=0; types[j]; j++) {
+            if (types[j] == TS_CALLDATA) {
+                struct rb_call_data *cd = (struct rb_call_data *)original[i+j+1];
+                const struct rb_callinfo *ci = cd->ci;
+                const struct rb_callcache *cc = cd->cc;
+                if (cc != vm_cc_empty()) {
+                    vm_ci_dump(ci);
+                    rb_bug("call cache is not initialized by vm_cc_empty()");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        i += insn_len(insn);
+    }
+
+    for (unsigned int i=0; i<iseq->body->ci_size; i++) {
+        struct rb_call_data *cd = &iseq->body->call_data[i];
+        const struct rb_callinfo *ci = cd->ci;
+        const struct rb_callcache *cc = cd->cc;
+        if (cc != NULL && cc != vm_cc_empty()) {
+            vm_ci_dump(ci);
+            rb_bug("call cache is not initialized by vm_cc_empty()");
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
 /*
  * elem1, elem2 => elem1, elem2, elem
  */
 static void
-ADD_ELEM(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anchor, LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
+ADD_ELEM(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor, LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
 {
     elem->prev = anchor->last;
     anchor->last->next = elem;
@@ -400,7 +583,7 @@ ADD_ELEM(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anchor, LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
  * elem1, before, elem2 => elem1, before, elem, elem2
  */
 static void
-APPEND_ELEM(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anchor, LINK_ELEMENT *before, LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
+APPEND_ELEM(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor, LINK_ELEMENT *before, LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
 {
     elem->prev = before;
     elem->next = before->next;
@@ -411,29 +594,101 @@ APPEND_ELEM(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anchor, LINK_ELEMENT *before, LINK_ELE
 }
 #if CPDEBUG < 0
 #define ADD_ELEM(anchor, elem) ADD_ELEM(iseq, (anchor), (elem))
-#define APPEND_ELEM(anchor, before, elem) ADD_ELEM(iseq, (anchor), (before), (elem))
+#define APPEND_ELEM(anchor, before, elem) APPEND_ELEM(iseq, (anchor), (before), (elem))
 #endif
 
 static int
-iseq_add_mark_object(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE v)
+branch_coverage_valid_p(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int first_line)
 {
-    if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(v)) {
-	rb_ary_push(iseq->mark_ary, v);
-    }
-    return COMPILE_OK;
+    if (!ISEQ_COVERAGE(iseq)) return 0;
+    if (!ISEQ_BRANCH_COVERAGE(iseq)) return 0;
+    if (first_line <= 0) return 0;
+    return 1;
 }
 
-#define ruby_sourcefile		RSTRING_PTR(iseq->filename)
+static VALUE
+decl_branch_base(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *node, const char *type)
+{
+    const int first_lineno = nd_first_lineno(node), first_column = nd_first_column(node);
+    const int last_lineno = nd_last_lineno(node), last_column = nd_last_column(node);
 
-static int
-iseq_add_mark_object_compile_time(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE v)
+    if (!branch_coverage_valid_p(iseq, first_lineno)) return Qundef;
+
+    /*
+     * if !structure[node]
+     *   structure[node] = [type, first_lineno, first_column, last_lineno, last_column, branches = {}]
+     * else
+     *   branches = structure[node][5]
+     * end
+     */
+
+    VALUE structure = RARRAY_AREF(ISEQ_BRANCH_COVERAGE(iseq), 0);
+    VALUE key = (VALUE)node | 1; // FIXNUM for hash key
+    VALUE branch_base = rb_hash_aref(structure, key);
+    VALUE branches;
+
+    if (NIL_P(branch_base)) {
+        branch_base = rb_ary_tmp_new(6);
+        rb_hash_aset(structure, key, branch_base);
+        rb_ary_push(branch_base, ID2SYM(rb_intern(type)));
+        rb_ary_push(branch_base, INT2FIX(first_lineno));
+        rb_ary_push(branch_base, INT2FIX(first_column));
+        rb_ary_push(branch_base, INT2FIX(last_lineno));
+        rb_ary_push(branch_base, INT2FIX(last_column));
+        branches = rb_hash_new();
+        rb_obj_hide(branches);
+        rb_ary_push(branch_base, branches);
+    }
+    else {
+        branches = RARRAY_AREF(branch_base, 5);
+    }
+
+    return branches;
+}
+
+static void
+add_trace_branch_coverage(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const seq, const NODE *node, int branch_id, const char *type, VALUE branches)
 {
-    if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(v)) {
-	rb_ary_push(iseq->compile_data->mark_ary, v);
+    const int first_lineno = nd_first_lineno(node), first_column = nd_first_column(node);
+    const int last_lineno = nd_last_lineno(node), last_column = nd_last_column(node);
+
+    if (!branch_coverage_valid_p(iseq, first_lineno)) return;
+
+    /*
+     * if !branches[branch_id]
+     *   branches[branch_id] = [type, first_lineno, first_column, last_lineno, last_column, counter_idx]
+     * else
+     *   counter_idx= branches[branch_id][5]
+     * end
+     */
+
+    VALUE key = INT2FIX(branch_id);
+    VALUE branch = rb_hash_aref(branches, key);
+    long counter_idx;
+
+    if (NIL_P(branch)) {
+        branch = rb_ary_tmp_new(6);
+        rb_hash_aset(branches, key, branch);
+        rb_ary_push(branch, ID2SYM(rb_intern(type)));
+        rb_ary_push(branch, INT2FIX(first_lineno));
+        rb_ary_push(branch, INT2FIX(first_column));
+        rb_ary_push(branch, INT2FIX(last_lineno));
+        rb_ary_push(branch, INT2FIX(last_column));
+        VALUE counters = RARRAY_AREF(ISEQ_BRANCH_COVERAGE(iseq), 1);
+        counter_idx = RARRAY_LEN(counters);
+        rb_ary_push(branch, LONG2FIX(counter_idx));
+        rb_ary_push(counters, INT2FIX(0));
     }
-    return COMPILE_OK;
+    else {
+        counter_idx = FIX2LONG(RARRAY_AREF(branch, 5));
+    }
+
+    ADD_TRACE_WITH_DATA(seq, RUBY_EVENT_COVERAGE_BRANCH, counter_idx);
+    ADD_INSN(seq, last_lineno, nop);
 }
 
+#define ISEQ_LAST_LINE(iseq) (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line)
+
 static int
 validate_label(st_data_t name, st_data_t label, st_data_t arg)
 {
@@ -441,9 +696,9 @@ validate_label(st_data_t name, st_data_t label, st_data_t arg)
     LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)label;
     if (!lobj->link.next) {
 	do {
-	    int ret;
-	    COMPILE_ERROR((ruby_sourcefile, lobj->position,
-			   "%s: undefined label", rb_id2name((ID)name)));
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, lobj->position,
+			  "%"PRIsVALUE": undefined label",
+			  rb_sym2str((VALUE)name));
 	} while (0);
     }
     return ST_CONTINUE;
@@ -453,164 +708,312 @@ static void
 validate_labels(rb_iseq_t *iseq, st_table *labels_table)
 {
     st_foreach(labels_table, validate_label, (st_data_t)iseq);
-    if (!NIL_P(iseq->compile_data->err_info)) {
-	rb_exc_raise(iseq->compile_data->err_info);
-    }
+    st_free_table(labels_table);
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_iseq_compile_node(VALUE self, NODE *node)
+rb_iseq_compile_callback(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const struct rb_iseq_new_with_callback_callback_func * ifunc)
 {
     DECL_ANCHOR(ret);
-    rb_iseq_t *iseq;
     INIT_ANCHOR(ret);
-    GetISeqPtr(self, iseq);
+
+    (*ifunc->func)(iseq, ret, ifunc->data);
+
+    ADD_INSN(ret, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line, leave);
+
+    CHECK(iseq_setup_insn(iseq, ret));
+    return iseq_setup(iseq, ret);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_iseq_compile_node(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *node)
+{
+    DECL_ANCHOR(ret);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(ret);
+
+    if (IMEMO_TYPE_P(node, imemo_ifunc)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unexpected imemo_ifunc");
+    }
 
     if (node == 0) {
-	COMPILE(ret, "nil", node);
+        NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "nil", node));
 	iseq_set_local_table(iseq, 0);
     }
+    /* assume node is T_NODE */
     else if (nd_type(node) == NODE_SCOPE) {
 	/* iseq type of top, method, class, block */
 	iseq_set_local_table(iseq, node->nd_tbl);
 	iseq_set_arguments(iseq, ret, node->nd_args);
 
-	switch (iseq->type) {
-	  case ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK: {
-	    LABEL *start = iseq->compile_data->start_label = NEW_LABEL(0);
-	    LABEL *end = iseq->compile_data->end_label = NEW_LABEL(0);
-
-	    ADD_LABEL(ret, start);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "block body", node->nd_body);
-	    ADD_LABEL(ret, end);
-
-	    /* wide range catch handler must put at last */
-	    ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_REDO, start, end, 0, start);
-	    ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_NEXT, start, end, 0, end);
-	    break;
-	  }
-	  case ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS: {
-	    ADD_TRACE(ret, FIX2INT(iseq->line_no), RUBY_EVENT_CLASS);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "scoped node", node->nd_body);
-	    ADD_TRACE(ret, nd_line(node), RUBY_EVENT_END);
-	    break;
-	  }
-	  case ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD: {
-	    ADD_TRACE(ret, FIX2INT(iseq->line_no), RUBY_EVENT_CALL);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "scoped node", node->nd_body);
-	    ADD_TRACE(ret, nd_line(node), RUBY_EVENT_RETURN);
-	    break;
-	  }
+	switch (iseq->body->type) {
+	  case ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK:
+	    {
+		LABEL *start = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->start_label = NEW_LABEL(0);
+		LABEL *end = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->end_label = NEW_LABEL(0);
+
+		start->rescued = LABEL_RESCUE_BEG;
+		end->rescued = LABEL_RESCUE_END;
+
+		ADD_TRACE(ret, RUBY_EVENT_B_CALL);
+		ADD_INSN (ret, FIX2INT(iseq->body->location.first_lineno), nop);
+		ADD_LABEL(ret, start);
+		CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "block body", node->nd_body));
+		ADD_LABEL(ret, end);
+		ADD_TRACE(ret, RUBY_EVENT_B_RETURN);
+		ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line = iseq->body->location.code_location.end_pos.lineno;
+
+		/* wide range catch handler must put at last */
+		ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_REDO, start, end, NULL, start);
+		ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_NEXT, start, end, NULL, end);
+		break;
+	    }
+	  case ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS:
+	    {
+		ADD_TRACE(ret, RUBY_EVENT_CLASS);
+		CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "scoped node", node->nd_body));
+		ADD_TRACE(ret, RUBY_EVENT_END);
+		ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line = nd_line(node);
+		break;
+	    }
+	  case ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD:
+	    {
+		ADD_TRACE(ret, RUBY_EVENT_CALL);
+		CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "scoped node", node->nd_body));
+		ADD_TRACE(ret, RUBY_EVENT_RETURN);
+		ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line = nd_line(node);
+		break;
+	    }
 	  default: {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "scoped node", node->nd_body);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "scoped node", node->nd_body));
 	    break;
 	  }
 	}
     }
     else {
-	switch (iseq->type) {
-	  case ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD:
-	  case ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS:
-	  case ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK:
-	  case ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL:
-	  case ISEQ_TYPE_MAIN:
-	  case ISEQ_TYPE_TOP:
-	    rb_compile_error(ERROR_ARGS "compile/should not be reached: %s:%d",
-			     __FILE__, __LINE__);
-	    break;
+	const char *m;
+#define INVALID_ISEQ_TYPE(type) \
+	ISEQ_TYPE_##type: m = #type; goto invalid_iseq_type
+	switch (iseq->body->type) {
+	  case INVALID_ISEQ_TYPE(METHOD);
+	  case INVALID_ISEQ_TYPE(CLASS);
+	  case INVALID_ISEQ_TYPE(BLOCK);
+	  case INVALID_ISEQ_TYPE(EVAL);
+	  case INVALID_ISEQ_TYPE(MAIN);
+	  case INVALID_ISEQ_TYPE(TOP);
+#undef INVALID_ISEQ_TYPE /* invalid iseq types end */
 	  case ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE:
 	    iseq_set_exception_local_table(iseq);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "rescue", node);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "rescue", node));
 	    break;
 	  case ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE:
 	    iseq_set_exception_local_table(iseq);
-	    COMPILE_POPED(ret, "ensure", node);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ret, "ensure", node));
 	    break;
-	  case ISEQ_TYPE_DEFINED_GUARD:
-	    iseq_set_local_table(iseq, 0);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "defined guard", node);
+	  case ISEQ_TYPE_PLAIN:
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "ensure", node));
 	    break;
 	  default:
-	    rb_bug("unknown scope");
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "unknown scope: %d", iseq->body->type);
+	    return COMPILE_NG;
+	  invalid_iseq_type:
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "compile/ISEQ_TYPE_%s should not be reached", m);
+	    return COMPILE_NG;
 	}
     }
 
-    if (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE || iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE) {
-	ADD_INSN2(ret, 0, getdynamic, INT2FIX(2), INT2FIX(0));
+    if (iseq->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE || iseq->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE) {
+	ADD_GETLOCAL(ret, 0, LVAR_ERRINFO, 0);
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, 0, throw, INT2FIX(0) /* continue throw */ );
     }
     else {
-	ADD_INSN(ret, iseq->compile_data->last_line, leave);
+	ADD_INSN(ret, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line, leave);
     }
 
-#if SUPPORT_JOKE
-    if (iseq->compile_data->labels_table) {
-	validate_labels(iseq, iseq->compile_data->labels_table);
+#if OPT_SUPPORT_JOKE
+    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->labels_table) {
+	st_table *labels_table = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->labels_table;
+	ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->labels_table = 0;
+	validate_labels(iseq, labels_table);
     }
 #endif
+    CHECK(iseq_setup_insn(iseq, ret));
     return iseq_setup(iseq, ret);
 }
 
-int
+static int
 rb_iseq_translate_threaded_code(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
 #if OPT_DIRECT_THREADED_CODE || OPT_CALL_THREADED_CODE
     const void * const *table = rb_vm_get_insns_address_table();
-    unsigned long i;
-
-    iseq->iseq_encoded = ALLOC_N(VALUE, iseq->iseq_size);
-    MEMCPY(iseq->iseq_encoded, iseq->iseq, VALUE, iseq->iseq_size);
+    unsigned int i;
+    VALUE *encoded = (VALUE *)iseq->body->iseq_encoded;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < iseq->iseq_size; /* */ ) {
-	int insn = (int)iseq->iseq_encoded[i];
+    for (i = 0; i < iseq->body->iseq_size; /* */ ) {
+	int insn = (int)iseq->body->iseq_encoded[i];
 	int len = insn_len(insn);
-	iseq->iseq_encoded[i] = (VALUE)table[insn];
+	encoded[i] = (VALUE)table[insn];
 	i += len;
     }
-#else
-    iseq->iseq_encoded = iseq->iseq;
+    FL_SET((VALUE)iseq, ISEQ_TRANSLATED);
 #endif
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
+VALUE *
+rb_iseq_original_iseq(const rb_iseq_t *iseq) /* cold path */
+{
+    VALUE *original_code;
+
+    if (ISEQ_ORIGINAL_ISEQ(iseq)) return ISEQ_ORIGINAL_ISEQ(iseq);
+    original_code = ISEQ_ORIGINAL_ISEQ_ALLOC(iseq, iseq->body->iseq_size);
+    MEMCPY(original_code, iseq->body->iseq_encoded, VALUE, iseq->body->iseq_size);
+
+#if OPT_DIRECT_THREADED_CODE || OPT_CALL_THREADED_CODE
+    {
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < iseq->body->iseq_size; /* */ ) {
+	    const void *addr = (const void *)original_code[i];
+	    const int insn = rb_vm_insn_addr2insn(addr);
+
+	    original_code[i] = insn;
+	    i += insn_len(insn);
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+    return original_code;
+}
+
 /*********************************************/
 /* definition of data structure for compiler */
 /*********************************************/
 
+/*
+ * On 32-bit SPARC, GCC by default generates SPARC V7 code that may require
+ * 8-byte word alignment. On the other hand, Oracle Solaris Studio seems to
+ * generate SPARCV8PLUS code with unaligned memory access instructions.
+ * That is why the STRICT_ALIGNMENT is defined only with GCC.
+ */
+#if defined(__sparc) && SIZEOF_VOIDP == 4 && defined(__GNUC__)
+  #define STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Some OpenBSD platforms (including sparc64) require strict alignment.
+ */
+#if defined(__OpenBSD__)
+  #include <sys/endian.h>
+  #ifdef __STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+    #define STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+  #if defined(HAVE_TRUE_LONG_LONG) && SIZEOF_LONG_LONG > SIZEOF_VALUE
+    #define ALIGNMENT_SIZE SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
+  #else
+    #define ALIGNMENT_SIZE SIZEOF_VALUE
+  #endif
+  #define PADDING_SIZE_MAX    ((size_t)((ALIGNMENT_SIZE) - 1))
+  #define ALIGNMENT_SIZE_MASK PADDING_SIZE_MAX
+  /* Note: ALIGNMENT_SIZE == (2 ** N) is expected. */
+#else
+  #define PADDING_SIZE_MAX 0
+#endif /* STRICT_ALIGNMENT */
+
+#ifdef STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+/* calculate padding size for aligned memory access */
+static size_t
+calc_padding(void *ptr, size_t size)
+{
+    size_t mis;
+    size_t padding = 0;
+
+    mis = (size_t)ptr & ALIGNMENT_SIZE_MASK;
+    if (mis > 0) {
+        padding = ALIGNMENT_SIZE - mis;
+    }
+/*
+ * On 32-bit sparc or equivalents, when a single VALUE is requested
+ * and padding == sizeof(VALUE), it is clear that no padding is needed.
+ */
+#if ALIGNMENT_SIZE > SIZEOF_VALUE
+    if (size == sizeof(VALUE) && padding == sizeof(VALUE)) {
+        padding = 0;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return padding;
+}
+#endif /* STRICT_ALIGNMENT */
+
 static void *
-compile_data_alloc(rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t size)
+compile_data_alloc_with_arena(struct iseq_compile_data_storage **arena, size_t size)
 {
     void *ptr = 0;
-    struct iseq_compile_data_storage *storage =
-	iseq->compile_data->storage_current;
+    struct iseq_compile_data_storage *storage = *arena;
+#ifdef STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+    size_t padding = calc_padding((void *)&storage->buff[storage->pos], size);
+#else
+    const size_t padding = 0; /* expected to be optimized by compiler */
+#endif /* STRICT_ALIGNMENT */
 
-    if (storage->pos + size > storage->size) {
-	unsigned long alloc_size = storage->size * 2;
+    if (size >= INT_MAX - padding) rb_memerror();
+    if (storage->pos + size + padding > storage->size) {
+	unsigned int alloc_size = storage->size;
 
-      retry:
-	if (alloc_size < size) {
+	while (alloc_size < size + PADDING_SIZE_MAX) {
+	    if (alloc_size >= INT_MAX / 2) rb_memerror();
 	    alloc_size *= 2;
-	    goto retry;
 	}
 	storage->next = (void *)ALLOC_N(char, alloc_size +
-					sizeof(struct
-					       iseq_compile_data_storage));
-	storage = iseq->compile_data->storage_current = storage->next;
+					offsetof(struct iseq_compile_data_storage, buff));
+	storage = *arena = storage->next;
 	storage->next = 0;
 	storage->pos = 0;
 	storage->size = alloc_size;
-	storage->buff = (char *)(&storage->buff + 1);
+#ifdef STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+        padding = calc_padding((void *)&storage->buff[storage->pos], size);
+#endif /* STRICT_ALIGNMENT */
     }
 
+#ifdef STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+    storage->pos += (int)padding;
+#endif /* STRICT_ALIGNMENT */
+
     ptr = (void *)&storage->buff[storage->pos];
-    storage->pos += size;
+    storage->pos += (int)size;
     return ptr;
 }
 
+static void *
+compile_data_alloc(rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t size)
+{
+    struct iseq_compile_data_storage ** arena = &ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->node.storage_current;
+    return compile_data_alloc_with_arena(arena, size);
+}
+
+static inline void *
+compile_data_alloc2(rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t x, size_t y)
+{
+    size_t size = rb_size_mul_or_raise(x, y, rb_eRuntimeError);
+    return compile_data_alloc(iseq, size);
+}
+
+static inline void *
+compile_data_calloc2(rb_iseq_t *iseq, size_t x, size_t y)
+{
+    size_t size = rb_size_mul_or_raise(x, y, rb_eRuntimeError);
+    void *p = compile_data_alloc(iseq, size);
+    memset(p, 0, size);
+    return p;
+}
+
 static INSN *
 compile_data_alloc_insn(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
-    return (INSN *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(INSN));
+    struct iseq_compile_data_storage ** arena = &ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->insn.storage_current;
+    return (INSN *)compile_data_alloc_with_arena(arena, sizeof(INSN));
 }
 
 static LABEL *
@@ -625,11 +1028,17 @@ compile_data_alloc_adjust(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
     return (ADJUST *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(ADJUST));
 }
 
+static TRACE *
+compile_data_alloc_trace(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return (TRACE *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(TRACE));
+}
+
 /*
  * elem1, elemX => elem1, elem2, elemX
  */
 static void
-INSERT_ELEM_NEXT(LINK_ELEMENT *elem1, LINK_ELEMENT *elem2)
+ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(LINK_ELEMENT *elem1, LINK_ELEMENT *elem2)
 {
     elem2->next = elem1->next;
     elem2->prev = elem1;
@@ -639,12 +1048,11 @@ INSERT_ELEM_NEXT(LINK_ELEMENT *elem1, LINK_ELEMENT *elem2)
     }
 }
 
-#if 0 /* unused */
 /*
- * elemX, elem1 => elemX, elem2, elem1
+ * elem1, elemX => elemX, elem2, elem1
  */
 static void
-INSERT_ELEM_PREV(LINK_ELEMENT *elem1, LINK_ELEMENT *elem2)
+ELEM_INSERT_PREV(LINK_ELEMENT *elem1, LINK_ELEMENT *elem2)
 {
     elem2->prev = elem1->prev;
     elem2->next = elem1;
@@ -653,13 +1061,12 @@ INSERT_ELEM_PREV(LINK_ELEMENT *elem1, LINK_ELEMENT *elem2)
 	elem2->prev->next = elem2;
     }
 }
-#endif
 
 /*
  * elemX, elem1, elemY => elemX, elem2, elemY
  */
 static void
-REPLACE_ELEM(LINK_ELEMENT *elem1, LINK_ELEMENT *elem2)
+ELEM_REPLACE(LINK_ELEMENT *elem1, LINK_ELEMENT *elem2)
 {
     elem2->prev = elem1->prev;
     elem2->next = elem1->next;
@@ -672,7 +1079,7 @@ REPLACE_ELEM(LINK_ELEMENT *elem1, LINK_ELEMENT *elem2)
 }
 
 static void
-REMOVE_ELEM(LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
+ELEM_REMOVE(LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
 {
     elem->prev->next = elem->next;
     if (elem->next) {
@@ -681,21 +1088,19 @@ REMOVE_ELEM(LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
 }
 
 static LINK_ELEMENT *
-FIRST_ELEMENT(LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+FIRST_ELEMENT(const LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
     return anchor->anchor.next;
 }
 
-#if 0 /* unused */
 static LINK_ELEMENT *
-LAST_ELEMENT(LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+LAST_ELEMENT(LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
-  return anchor->last;
+    return anchor->last;
 }
-#endif
 
 static LINK_ELEMENT *
-POP_ELEMENT(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+POP_ELEMENT(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
     LINK_ELEMENT *elem = anchor->last;
     anchor->last = anchor->last->prev;
@@ -707,40 +1112,42 @@ POP_ELEMENT(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 #define POP_ELEMENT(anchor) POP_ELEMENT(iseq, (anchor))
 #endif
 
-#if 0 /* unused */
 static LINK_ELEMENT *
-SHIFT_ELEMENT(LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+ELEM_FIRST_INSN(LINK_ELEMENT *elem)
 {
-    LINK_ELEMENT *elem = anchor->anchor.next;
-    if (elem) {
-	anchor->anchor.next = elem->next;
+    while (elem) {
+	switch (elem->type) {
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN:
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST:
+	    return elem;
+	  default:
+	    elem = elem->next;
+	}
     }
-    return elem;
+    return NULL;
 }
-#endif
 
-#if 0 /* unused */
 static int
-LIST_SIZE(LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+LIST_INSN_SIZE_ONE(const LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
-    LINK_ELEMENT *elem = anchor->anchor.next;
-    int size = 0;
-    while (elem) {
-	size += 1;
-	elem = elem->next;
+    LINK_ELEMENT *first_insn = ELEM_FIRST_INSN(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
+    if (first_insn != NULL &&
+	ELEM_FIRST_INSN(first_insn->next) == NULL) {
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+    else {
+	return FALSE;
     }
-    return size;
 }
-#endif
 
 static int
-LIST_SIZE_ZERO(LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+LIST_INSN_SIZE_ZERO(const LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
-    if (anchor->anchor.next == 0) {
-	return 1;
+    if (ELEM_FIRST_INSN(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor)) == NULL) {
+	return TRUE;
     }
     else {
-	return 0;
+	return FALSE;
     }
 }
 
@@ -752,7 +1159,7 @@ LIST_SIZE_ZERO(LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
  * anc2: e4, e5 (broken)
  */
 static void
-APPEND_LIST(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anc1, LINK_ANCHOR *anc2)
+APPEND_LIST(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *const anc1, LINK_ANCHOR *const anc2)
 {
     if (anc2->anchor.next) {
 	anc1->last->next = anc2->anchor.next;
@@ -765,97 +1172,9 @@ APPEND_LIST(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anc1, LINK_ANCHOR *anc2)
 #define APPEND_LIST(anc1, anc2) APPEND_LIST(iseq, (anc1), (anc2))
 #endif
 
-/*
- * anc1: e1, e2, e3
- * anc2: e4, e5
- *#=>
- * anc1: e4, e5, e1, e2, e3
- * anc2: e4, e5 (broken)
- */
-static void
-INSERT_LIST(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anc1, LINK_ANCHOR *anc2)
-{
-    if (anc2->anchor.next) {
-	LINK_ELEMENT *first = anc1->anchor.next;
-	anc1->anchor.next = anc2->anchor.next;
-	anc1->anchor.next->prev = &anc1->anchor;
-	anc2->last->next = first;
-	if (first) {
-	    first->prev = anc2->last;
-	}
-	else {
-	    anc1->last = anc2->last;
-	}
-    }
-
-    verify_list("append", anc1);
-}
-#if CPDEBUG < 0
-#define INSERT_LIST(anc1, anc2) INSERT_LIST(iseq, (anc1), (anc2))
-#endif
-
-#if 0 /* unused */
-/*
- * anc1: e1, e2, e3
- * anc2: e4, e5
- *#=>
- * anc1: e4, e5
- * anc2: e1, e2, e3
- */
-static void
-SWAP_LIST(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anc1, LINK_ANCHOR *anc2)
-{
-    LINK_ANCHOR tmp = *anc2;
-
-    /* it has bug */
-    *anc2 = *anc1;
-    *anc1 = tmp;
-
-    verify_list("swap1", anc1);
-    verify_list("swap2", anc2);
-}
-#if CPDEBUG < 0
-#define SWAP_LIST(anc1, anc2) SWAP_LIST(iseq, (anc1), (anc2))
-#endif
-
-static LINK_ANCHOR *
-REVERSE_LIST(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anc)
-{
-    LINK_ELEMENT *first, *last, *elem, *e;
-    first = &anc->anchor;
-    elem = first->next;
-    last = anc->last;
-
-    if (elem != 0) {
-	anc->anchor.next = last;
-	anc->last = elem;
-    }
-    else {
-	/* null list */
-	return anc;
-    }
-    while (elem) {
-	e = elem->next;
-	elem->next = elem->prev;
-	elem->prev = e;
-	elem = e;
-    }
-
-    first->next = last;
-    last->prev = first;
-    anc->last->next = 0;
-
-    verify_list("reverse", anc);
-    return anc;
-}
-#if CPDEBUG < 0
-#define REVERSE_LIST(anc) REVERSE_LIST(iseq, (anc))
-#endif
-#endif
-
 #if CPDEBUG && 0
 static void
-debug_list(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+debug_list(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor, LINK_ELEMENT *cur)
 {
     LINK_ELEMENT *list = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor);
     printf("----\n");
@@ -863,19 +1182,34 @@ debug_list(ISEQ_ARG_DECLARE LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 	   anchor->anchor.next, anchor->last);
     while (list) {
 	printf("curr: %p, next: %p, prev: %p, type: %d\n", list, list->next,
-	       list->prev, FIX2INT(list->type));
+	       list->prev, (int)list->type);
 	list = list->next;
     }
     printf("----\n");
 
-    dump_disasm_list(anchor->anchor.next);
+    dump_disasm_list_with_cursor(anchor->anchor.next, cur, 0);
     verify_list("debug list", anchor);
 }
 #if CPDEBUG < 0
-#define debug_list(anc) debug_list(iseq, (anc))
+#define debug_list(anc, cur) debug_list(iseq, (anc), (cur))
 #endif
+#else
+#define debug_list(anc, cur) ((void)0)
 #endif
 
+static TRACE *
+new_trace_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, rb_event_flag_t event, long data)
+{
+    TRACE *trace = compile_data_alloc_trace(iseq);
+
+    trace->link.type = ISEQ_ELEMENT_TRACE;
+    trace->link.next = NULL;
+    trace->event = event;
+    trace->data = data;
+
+    return trace;
+}
+
 static LABEL *
 new_label_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, long line)
 {
@@ -884,9 +1218,13 @@ new_label_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, long line)
     labelobj->link.type = ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL;
     labelobj->link.next = 0;
 
-    labelobj->label_no = iseq->compile_data->label_no++;
+    labelobj->label_no = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->label_no++;
     labelobj->sc_state = 0;
     labelobj->sp = -1;
+    labelobj->refcnt = 0;
+    labelobj->set = 0;
+    labelobj->rescued = LABEL_RESCUE_NONE;
+    labelobj->unremovable = 0;
     return labelobj;
 }
 
@@ -898,6 +1236,7 @@ new_adjust_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LABEL *label, int line)
     adjust->link.next = 0;
     adjust->label = label;
     adjust->line_no = line;
+    LABEL_UNREMOVABLE(label);
     return adjust;
 }
 
@@ -906,12 +1245,14 @@ new_insn_core(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line_no,
 	      int insn_id, int argc, VALUE *argv)
 {
     INSN *iobj = compile_data_alloc_insn(iseq);
+
     /* printf("insn_id: %d, line: %d\n", insn_id, line_no); */
 
     iobj->link.type = ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN;
     iobj->link.next = 0;
     iobj->insn_id = insn_id;
-    iobj->line_no = line_no;
+    iobj->insn_info.line_no = line_no;
+    iobj->insn_info.events = 0;
     iobj->operands = argv;
     iobj->operand_size = argc;
     iobj->sc_state = 0;
@@ -919,14 +1260,14 @@ new_insn_core(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line_no,
 }
 
 static INSN *
-new_insn_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line_no, int insn_id, int argc, ...)
+new_insn_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line_no, enum ruby_vminsn_type insn_id, int argc, ...)
 {
     VALUE *operands = 0;
     va_list argv;
     if (argc > 0) {
 	int i;
-	va_init_list(argv, argc);
-	operands = (VALUE *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(VALUE) * argc);
+        va_start(argv, argc);
+        operands = compile_data_alloc2(iseq, sizeof(VALUE), argc);
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 	    VALUE v = va_arg(argv, VALUE);
 	    operands[i] = v;
@@ -936,39 +1277,163 @@ new_insn_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line_no, int insn_id, int argc, ...)
     return new_insn_core(iseq, line_no, insn_id, argc, operands);
 }
 
+static const struct rb_callinfo *
+new_callinfo(rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID mid, int argc, unsigned int flag, struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *kw_arg, int has_blockiseq)
+{
+    VM_ASSERT(argc >= 0);
+
+    if (!(flag & (VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT | VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG | VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT)) &&
+        kw_arg == NULL && !has_blockiseq) {
+        flag |= VM_CALL_ARGS_SIMPLE;
+    }
+
+    if (kw_arg) {
+        flag |= VM_CALL_KWARG;
+        argc += kw_arg->keyword_len;
+    }
+
+    // fprintf(stderr, "[%d] id:%s\t", (int)iseq->body->ci_size, rb_id2name(mid)); rp(iseq);
+    iseq->body->ci_size++;
+    const struct rb_callinfo *ci = vm_ci_new(mid, flag, argc, kw_arg);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, ci);
+    return ci;
+}
+
 static INSN *
-new_insn_send(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line_no,
-	      VALUE id, VALUE argc, VALUE block, VALUE flag)
+new_insn_send(rb_iseq_t *iseq, int line_no, ID id, VALUE argc, const rb_iseq_t *blockiseq, VALUE flag, struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *keywords)
 {
-    INSN *iobj = 0;
-    VALUE *operands =
-      (VALUE *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(VALUE) * 5);
-    operands[0] = id;
-    operands[1] = argc;
-    operands[2] = block;
-    operands[3] = flag;
-    operands[4] = INT2FIX(iseq->ic_size++);
-    iobj = new_insn_core(iseq, line_no, BIN(send), 5, operands);
-    return iobj;
+    VALUE *operands = compile_data_calloc2(iseq, sizeof(VALUE), 2);
+    VALUE ci = (VALUE)new_callinfo(iseq, id, FIX2INT(argc), FIX2INT(flag), keywords, blockiseq != NULL);
+    operands[0] = ci;
+    operands[1] = (VALUE)blockiseq;
+    if (blockiseq) {
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, blockiseq);
+    }
+    INSN *insn = new_insn_core(iseq, line_no, BIN(send), 2, operands);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, ci);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(ci);
+    return insn;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-new_child_iseq(rb_iseq_t *iseq, NODE *node,
-	       VALUE name, VALUE parent, enum iseq_type type, int line_no)
+static rb_iseq_t *
+new_child_iseq(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *const node,
+	       VALUE name, const rb_iseq_t *parent, enum iseq_type type, int line_no)
 {
-    VALUE ret;
+    rb_iseq_t *ret_iseq;
+    rb_ast_body_t ast;
+
+    ast.root = node;
+    ast.compile_option = 0;
+    ast.line_count = -1;
 
     debugs("[new_child_iseq]> ---------------------------------------\n");
-    ret = rb_iseq_new_with_opt(node, name, iseq_filename(iseq->self), iseq_filepath(iseq->self), INT2FIX(line_no),
-			       parent, type, iseq->compile_data->option);
+    int isolated_depth = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->isolated_depth;
+    ret_iseq = rb_iseq_new_with_opt(&ast, name,
+				    rb_iseq_path(iseq), rb_iseq_realpath(iseq),
+                                    INT2FIX(line_no), parent,
+                                    isolated_depth ? isolated_depth + 1 : 0,
+                                    type, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option);
     debugs("[new_child_iseq]< ---------------------------------------\n");
-    iseq_add_mark_object(iseq, ret);
-    return ret;
+    return ret_iseq;
+}
+
+static rb_iseq_t *
+new_child_iseq_with_callback(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const struct rb_iseq_new_with_callback_callback_func *ifunc,
+		     VALUE name, const rb_iseq_t *parent, enum iseq_type type, int line_no)
+{
+    rb_iseq_t *ret_iseq;
+
+    debugs("[new_child_iseq_with_callback]> ---------------------------------------\n");
+    ret_iseq = rb_iseq_new_with_callback(ifunc, name,
+				 rb_iseq_path(iseq), rb_iseq_realpath(iseq),
+				 INT2FIX(line_no), parent, type, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option);
+    debugs("[new_child_iseq_with_callback]< ---------------------------------------\n");
+    return ret_iseq;
+}
+
+static void
+set_catch_except_p(struct rb_iseq_constant_body *body)
+{
+    body->catch_except_p = TRUE;
+    if (body->parent_iseq != NULL) {
+        set_catch_except_p(body->parent_iseq->body);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Set body->catch_except_p to TRUE if the ISeq may catch an exception. If it is FALSE,
+   JIT-ed code may be optimized.  If we are extremely conservative, we should set TRUE
+   if catch table exists.  But we want to optimize while loop, which always has catch
+   table entries for break/next/redo.
+
+   So this function sets TRUE for limited ISeqs with break/next/redo catch table entries
+   whose child ISeq would really raise an exception. */
+static void
+update_catch_except_flags(struct rb_iseq_constant_body *body)
+{
+    unsigned int pos;
+    size_t i;
+    int insn;
+    const struct iseq_catch_table *ct = body->catch_table;
+
+    /* This assumes that a block has parent_iseq which may catch an exception from the block, and that
+       BREAK/NEXT/REDO catch table entries are used only when `throw` insn is used in the block. */
+    pos = 0;
+    while (pos < body->iseq_size) {
+#if OPT_DIRECT_THREADED_CODE || OPT_CALL_THREADED_CODE
+        insn = rb_vm_insn_addr2insn((void *)body->iseq_encoded[pos]);
+#else
+        insn = (int)body->iseq_encoded[pos];
+#endif
+        if (insn == BIN(throw)) {
+            set_catch_except_p(body);
+            break;
+        }
+        pos += insn_len(insn);
+    }
+
+    if (ct == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < ct->size; i++) {
+        const struct iseq_catch_table_entry *entry =
+            UNALIGNED_MEMBER_PTR(ct, entries[i]);
+        if (entry->type != CATCH_TYPE_BREAK
+            && entry->type != CATCH_TYPE_NEXT
+            && entry->type != CATCH_TYPE_REDO) {
+            body->catch_except_p = TRUE;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+iseq_insert_nop_between_end_and_cont(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    VALUE catch_table_ary = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary;
+    if (NIL_P(catch_table_ary)) return;
+    unsigned int i, tlen = (unsigned int)RARRAY_LEN(catch_table_ary);
+    const VALUE *tptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(catch_table_ary);
+    for (i = 0; i < tlen; i++) {
+        const VALUE *ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(tptr[i]);
+        LINK_ELEMENT *end = (LINK_ELEMENT *)(ptr[2] & ~1);
+        LINK_ELEMENT *cont = (LINK_ELEMENT *)(ptr[4] & ~1);
+        LINK_ELEMENT *e;
+        for (e = end; e && (IS_LABEL(e) || IS_TRACE(e)); e = e->next) {
+            if (e == cont) {
+                INSN *nop = new_insn_core(iseq, 0, BIN(nop), 0, 0);
+                ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(end, &nop->link);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 static int
-iseq_setup(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+iseq_setup_insn(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
+    if (RTEST(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->err_info))
+	return COMPILE_NG;
+
     /* debugs("[compile step 2] (iseq_array_to_linkedlist)\n"); */
 
     if (compile_debug > 5)
@@ -980,166 +1445,403 @@ iseq_setup(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
     if (compile_debug > 5)
 	dump_disasm_list(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
 
-    if (iseq->compile_data->option->instructions_unification) {
+    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->instructions_unification) {
 	debugs("[compile step 3.2 (iseq_insns_unification)]\n");
 	iseq_insns_unification(iseq, anchor);
 	if (compile_debug > 5)
 	    dump_disasm_list(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
     }
 
-    if (iseq->compile_data->option->stack_caching) {
+    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->stack_caching) {
 	debugs("[compile step 3.3 (iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching)]\n");
 	iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(iseq, anchor);
 	if (compile_debug > 5)
 	    dump_disasm_list(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
     }
 
+    debugs("[compile step 3.4 (iseq_insert_nop_between_end_and_cont)]\n");
+    iseq_insert_nop_between_end_and_cont(iseq);
+    if (compile_debug > 5)
+        dump_disasm_list(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
+
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+iseq_setup(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
+{
+    if (RTEST(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->err_info))
+        return COMPILE_NG;
+
     debugs("[compile step 4.1 (iseq_set_sequence)]\n");
-    iseq_set_sequence(iseq, anchor);
+    if (!iseq_set_sequence(iseq, anchor)) return COMPILE_NG;
     if (compile_debug > 5)
 	dump_disasm_list(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
 
     debugs("[compile step 4.2 (iseq_set_exception_table)]\n");
-    iseq_set_exception_table(iseq);
+    if (!iseq_set_exception_table(iseq)) return COMPILE_NG;
 
     debugs("[compile step 4.3 (set_optargs_table)] \n");
-    iseq_set_optargs_table(iseq);
+    if (!iseq_set_optargs_table(iseq)) return COMPILE_NG;
 
     debugs("[compile step 5 (iseq_translate_threaded_code)] \n");
-    rb_iseq_translate_threaded_code(iseq);
+    if (!rb_iseq_translate_threaded_code(iseq)) return COMPILE_NG;
+
+    debugs("[compile step 6 (update_catch_except_flags)] \n");
+    update_catch_except_flags(iseq->body);
+
+#if VM_INSN_INFO_TABLE_IMPL == 2
+    if (iseq->body->insns_info.succ_index_table == NULL) {
+        debugs("[compile step 7 (rb_iseq_insns_info_encode_positions)] \n");
+        rb_iseq_insns_info_encode_positions(iseq);
+    }
+#endif
 
     if (compile_debug > 1) {
-	VALUE str = rb_iseq_disasm(iseq->self);
+	VALUE str = rb_iseq_disasm(iseq);
 	printf("%s\n", StringValueCStr(str));
-	fflush(stdout);
     }
+    verify_call_cache(iseq);
     debugs("[compile step: finish]\n");
 
-    return 0;
+    return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
 static int
 iseq_set_exception_local_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
-    ID id_dollar_bang;
-
-    CONST_ID(id_dollar_bang, "#$!");
-    iseq->local_table = (ID *)ALLOC_N(ID, 1);
-    iseq->local_table_size = 1;
-    iseq->local_size = iseq->local_table_size + 1;
-    iseq->local_table[0] = id_dollar_bang;
+    iseq->body->local_table_size = numberof(rb_iseq_shared_exc_local_tbl);
+    iseq->body->local_table = rb_iseq_shared_exc_local_tbl;
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
 static int
-get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID id)
+get_lvar_level(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
-    int i;
+    int lev = 0;
+    while (iseq != iseq->body->local_iseq) {
+	lev++;
+	iseq = iseq->body->parent_iseq;
+    }
+    return lev;
+}
 
-    for (i = 0; i < iseq->local_table_size; i++) {
-	if (iseq->local_table[i] == id) {
-	    return i;
+static int
+get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID id)
+{
+    unsigned int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < iseq->body->local_table_size; i++) {
+	if (iseq->body->local_table[i] == id) {
+	    return (int)i;
 	}
     }
     return -1;
 }
 
 static int
-get_local_var_idx(rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID id)
+get_local_var_idx(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID id)
 {
-    int idx = get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(iseq->local_iseq, id);
+    int idx = get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(iseq->body->local_iseq, id);
 
     if (idx < 0) {
-	rb_bug("get_local_var_idx: %d", idx);
+        COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, ISEQ_LAST_LINE(iseq),
+                      "get_local_var_idx: %d", idx);
     }
 
     return idx;
 }
 
 static int
-get_dyna_var_idx(rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID id, int *level, int *ls)
+get_dyna_var_idx(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID id, int *level, int *ls)
 {
     int lv = 0, idx = -1;
+    const rb_iseq_t *const topmost_iseq = iseq;
 
     while (iseq) {
 	idx = get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(iseq, id);
 	if (idx >= 0) {
 	    break;
 	}
-	iseq = iseq->parent_iseq;
+	iseq = iseq->body->parent_iseq;
 	lv++;
     }
 
     if (idx < 0) {
-	rb_bug("get_dyna_var_idx: -1");
+        COMPILE_ERROR(topmost_iseq, ISEQ_LAST_LINE(topmost_iseq),
+                      "get_dyna_var_idx: -1");
     }
 
     *level = lv;
-    *ls = iseq->local_size;
+    *ls = iseq->body->local_table_size;
     return idx;
 }
 
 static int
-iseq_set_arguments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *optargs, NODE *node_args)
+iseq_local_block_param_p(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, unsigned int idx, unsigned int level)
 {
-    debugs("iseq_set_arguments: %s\n", node_args ? "" : "0");
+    const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *body;
+    while (level > 0) {
+	iseq = iseq->body->parent_iseq;
+	level--;
+    }
+    body = iseq->body;
+    if (body->local_iseq == iseq && /* local variables */
+	body->param.flags.has_block &&
+	body->local_table_size - body->param.block_start == idx) {
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+    else {
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+}
 
-    if (node_args) {
-	NODE *node_aux = node_args->nd_next;
-	NODE *node_opt = node_args->nd_opt;
-	ID rest_id = 0;
-	int last_comma = 0;
-	ID block_id = 0;
-	NODE *node_init = 0;
+static int
+iseq_block_param_id_p(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID id, int *pidx, int *plevel)
+{
+    int level, ls;
+    int idx = get_dyna_var_idx(iseq, id, &level, &ls);
+    if (iseq_local_block_param_p(iseq, ls - idx, level)) {
+	*pidx = ls - idx;
+	*plevel = level;
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+    else {
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+access_outer_variables(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, int level, ID id, bool write)
+{
+    int isolated_depth = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->isolated_depth;
+
+    if (isolated_depth && level >= isolated_depth) {
+        if (id == rb_intern("yield")) {
+            COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, ISEQ_LAST_LINE(iseq), "can not yield from isolated Proc", rb_id2name(id));
+        }
+        else {
+            COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, ISEQ_LAST_LINE(iseq), "can not access variable `%s' from isolated Proc", rb_id2name(id));
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (int i=0; i<level; i++) {
+        VALUE val;
+        struct rb_id_table *ovs = iseq->body->outer_variables;
+
+        if (!ovs) {
+            ovs = iseq->body->outer_variables = rb_id_table_create(8);
+        }
 
-	if (nd_type(node_args) != NODE_ARGS) {
-	    rb_bug("iseq_set_arguments: NODE_ARGS is expected, but %s",
-		   ruby_node_name(nd_type(node_args)));
+        if (rb_id_table_lookup(iseq->body->outer_variables, id, &val)) {
+            if (write && !val) {
+                rb_id_table_insert(iseq->body->outer_variables, id, Qtrue);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            rb_id_table_insert(iseq->body->outer_variables, id, write ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+        }
+
+        iseq = iseq->body->parent_iseq;
+    }
+}
+
+static ID
+iseq_lvar_id(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, int idx, int level)
+{
+    for (int i=0; i<level; i++) {
+        iseq = iseq->body->parent_iseq;
+    }
+
+    ID id = iseq->body->local_table[iseq->body->local_table_size - idx];
+    // fprintf(stderr, "idx:%d level:%d ID:%s\n", idx, level, rb_id2name(id));
+    return id;
+}
+
+static void
+iseq_add_getlocal(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const seq, int line, int idx, int level)
+{
+    if (iseq_local_block_param_p(iseq, idx, level)) {
+	ADD_INSN2(seq, line, getblockparam, INT2FIX((idx) + VM_ENV_DATA_SIZE - 1), INT2FIX(level));
+    }
+    else {
+	ADD_INSN2(seq, line, getlocal, INT2FIX((idx) + VM_ENV_DATA_SIZE - 1), INT2FIX(level));
+    }
+    if (level > 0) access_outer_variables(iseq, level, iseq_lvar_id(iseq, idx, level), Qfalse);
+}
+
+static void
+iseq_add_setlocal(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const seq, int line, int idx, int level)
+{
+    if (iseq_local_block_param_p(iseq, idx, level)) {
+	ADD_INSN2(seq, line, setblockparam, INT2FIX((idx) + VM_ENV_DATA_SIZE - 1), INT2FIX(level));
+    }
+    else {
+	ADD_INSN2(seq, line, setlocal, INT2FIX((idx) + VM_ENV_DATA_SIZE - 1), INT2FIX(level));
+    }
+    if (level > 0) access_outer_variables(iseq, level, iseq_lvar_id(iseq, idx, level), Qtrue);
+}
+
+
+
+static void
+iseq_calc_param_size(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+    if (body->param.flags.has_opt ||
+	body->param.flags.has_post ||
+	body->param.flags.has_rest ||
+	body->param.flags.has_block ||
+	body->param.flags.has_kw ||
+	body->param.flags.has_kwrest) {
+
+	if (body->param.flags.has_block) {
+	    body->param.size = body->param.block_start + 1;
+	}
+	else if (body->param.flags.has_kwrest) {
+	    body->param.size = body->param.keyword->rest_start + 1;
+	}
+	else if (body->param.flags.has_kw) {
+	    body->param.size = body->param.keyword->bits_start + 1;
+	}
+	else if (body->param.flags.has_post) {
+	    body->param.size = body->param.post_start + body->param.post_num;
+	}
+	else if (body->param.flags.has_rest) {
+	    body->param.size = body->param.rest_start + 1;
 	}
+	else if (body->param.flags.has_opt) {
+	    body->param.size = body->param.lead_num + body->param.opt_num;
+	}
+	else {
+            UNREACHABLE;
+	}
+    }
+    else {
+	body->param.size = body->param.lead_num;
+    }
+}
 
-	/*
-         * new argument information:
-         *   NODE_ARGS     [m: int,  o: NODE_OPT_ARG, ->]
-         *   NODE_ARGS_AUX [r: ID,   b: ID,           ->]
-         *   NODE_ARGS_AUX [Pst: id, Plen: int,       init: NODE*]
-         *  optarg information:
-         *   NODE_OPT_ARGS [idx,     expr,            next ->]
-	 *  init arg:
-	 *   NODE_AND(m_init, p_init)
-	 *  if "r" is 1, it's means "{|x,|}" type block parameter.
-	 */
+static int
+iseq_set_arguments_keywords(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const optargs,
+			    const struct rb_args_info *args, int arg_size)
+{
+    const NODE *node = args->kw_args;
+    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+    struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *keyword;
+    const VALUE default_values = rb_ary_tmp_new(1);
+    const VALUE complex_mark = rb_str_tmp_new(0);
+    int kw = 0, rkw = 0, di = 0, i;
+
+    body->param.flags.has_kw = TRUE;
+    body->param.keyword = keyword = ZALLOC_N(struct rb_iseq_param_keyword, 1);
+
+    while (node) {
+	kw++;
+	node = node->nd_next;
+    }
+    arg_size += kw;
+    keyword->bits_start = arg_size++;
 
-	iseq->argc = (int)node_args->nd_frml;
-	debugs("  - argc: %d\n", iseq->argc);
+    node = args->kw_args;
+    while (node) {
+	const NODE *val_node = node->nd_body->nd_value;
+	VALUE dv;
 
-	if (node_aux) {
-	    rest_id = node_aux->nd_rest;
-	    if (rest_id == 1) {
-		last_comma = 1;
-		rest_id = 0;
+        if (val_node == NODE_SPECIAL_REQUIRED_KEYWORD) {
+	    ++rkw;
+	}
+	else {
+	    switch (nd_type(val_node)) {
+	      case NODE_LIT:
+		dv = val_node->nd_lit;
+		break;
+	      case NODE_NIL:
+		dv = Qnil;
+		break;
+	      case NODE_TRUE:
+		dv = Qtrue;
+		break;
+	      case NODE_FALSE:
+		dv = Qfalse;
+		break;
+	      default:
+                NO_CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(optargs, "kwarg", node)); /* nd_type(node) == NODE_KW_ARG */
+		dv = complex_mark;
 	    }
-	    block_id = (ID)node_aux->nd_body;
-	    node_aux = node_aux->nd_next;
 
-	    if (node_aux) {
-		ID post_start_id = node_aux->nd_pid;
-		iseq->arg_post_start = get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(iseq, post_start_id);
-		iseq->arg_post_len = (int)node_aux->nd_plen;
-		node_init = node_aux->nd_next;
+	    keyword->num = ++di;
+	    rb_ary_push(default_values, dv);
+	}
+
+	node = node->nd_next;
+    }
+
+    keyword->num = kw;
+
+    if (args->kw_rest_arg->nd_vid != 0) {
+	keyword->rest_start = arg_size++;
+	body->param.flags.has_kwrest = TRUE;
+    }
+    keyword->required_num = rkw;
+    keyword->table = &body->local_table[keyword->bits_start - keyword->num];
+
+    {
+	VALUE *dvs = ALLOC_N(VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(default_values));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(default_values); i++) {
+	    VALUE dv = RARRAY_AREF(default_values, i);
+	    if (dv == complex_mark) dv = Qundef;
+	    if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(dv)) {
+		RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, dv);
 	    }
+	    dvs[i] = dv;
 	}
 
-	if (node_opt) {
-	    NODE *node = node_opt;
+	keyword->default_values = dvs;
+    }
+    return arg_size;
+}
+
+static int
+iseq_set_arguments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const optargs, const NODE *const node_args)
+{
+    debugs("iseq_set_arguments: %s\n", node_args ? "" : "0");
+
+    if (node_args) {
+	struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+	struct rb_args_info *args = node_args->nd_ainfo;
+	ID rest_id = 0;
+	int last_comma = 0;
+	ID block_id = 0;
+	int arg_size;
+
+	EXPECT_NODE("iseq_set_arguments", node_args, NODE_ARGS, COMPILE_NG);
+
+        body->param.flags.ruby2_keywords = args->ruby2_keywords;
+	body->param.lead_num = arg_size = (int)args->pre_args_num;
+	if (body->param.lead_num > 0) body->param.flags.has_lead = TRUE;
+	debugs("  - argc: %d\n", body->param.lead_num);
+
+	rest_id = args->rest_arg;
+        if (rest_id == NODE_SPECIAL_EXCESSIVE_COMMA) {
+	    last_comma = 1;
+	    rest_id = 0;
+	}
+	block_id = args->block_arg;
+
+	if (args->opt_args) {
+	    const NODE *node = args->opt_args;
 	    LABEL *label;
 	    VALUE labels = rb_ary_tmp_new(1);
+	    VALUE *opt_table;
 	    int i = 0, j;
 
 	    while (node) {
 		label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
 		rb_ary_push(labels, (VALUE)label | 1);
 		ADD_LABEL(optargs, label);
-		COMPILE_POPED(optargs, "optarg", node->nd_body);
+                NO_CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(optargs, "optarg", node->nd_body));
 		node = node->nd_next;
 		i += 1;
 	    }
@@ -1148,94 +1850,91 @@ iseq_set_arguments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *optargs, NODE *node_args)
 	    label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node_args));
 	    rb_ary_push(labels, (VALUE)label | 1);
 	    ADD_LABEL(optargs, label);
-	    i += 1;
 
-	    iseq->arg_opts = i;
-	    iseq->arg_opt_table = ALLOC_N(VALUE, i);
-	    MEMCPY(iseq->arg_opt_table, RARRAY_PTR(labels), VALUE, i);
-	    for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
-		iseq->arg_opt_table[j] &= ~1;
+	    opt_table = ALLOC_N(VALUE, i+1);
+
+            MEMCPY(opt_table, RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(labels), VALUE, i+1);
+	    for (j = 0; j < i+1; j++) {
+		opt_table[j] &= ~1;
 	    }
 	    rb_ary_clear(labels);
-	}
-	else {
-	    iseq->arg_opts = 0;
-	}
 
-	if (node_init) {
-	    if (node_init->nd_1st) { /* m_init */
-		COMPILE_POPED(optargs, "init arguments (m)", node_init->nd_1st);
-	    }
-	    if (node_init->nd_2nd) { /* p_init */
-		COMPILE_POPED(optargs, "init arguments (p)", node_init->nd_2nd);
-	    }
+	    body->param.flags.has_opt = TRUE;
+	    body->param.opt_num = i;
+	    body->param.opt_table = opt_table;
+	    arg_size += i;
 	}
 
 	if (rest_id) {
-	    iseq->arg_rest = get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(iseq, rest_id);
+	    body->param.rest_start = arg_size++;
+	    body->param.flags.has_rest = TRUE;
+	    assert(body->param.rest_start != -1);
+	}
 
-	    if (iseq->arg_rest == -1) {
-		rb_bug("arg_rest: -1");
-	    }
+	if (args->first_post_arg) {
+	    body->param.post_start = arg_size;
+	    body->param.post_num = args->post_args_num;
+	    body->param.flags.has_post = TRUE;
+	    arg_size += args->post_args_num;
 
-	    if (iseq->arg_post_start == 0) {
-		iseq->arg_post_start = iseq->arg_rest + 1;
+	    if (body->param.flags.has_rest) { /* TODO: why that? */
+		body->param.post_start = body->param.rest_start + 1;
 	    }
 	}
 
+	if (args->kw_args) {
+	    arg_size = iseq_set_arguments_keywords(iseq, optargs, args, arg_size);
+	}
+	else if (args->kw_rest_arg) {
+	    struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *keyword = ZALLOC_N(struct rb_iseq_param_keyword, 1);
+	    keyword->rest_start = arg_size++;
+	    body->param.keyword = keyword;
+	    body->param.flags.has_kwrest = TRUE;
+	}
+	else if (args->no_kwarg) {
+	    body->param.flags.accepts_no_kwarg = TRUE;
+	}
+
 	if (block_id) {
-	    iseq->arg_block = get_dyna_var_idx_at_raw(iseq, block_id);
+	    body->param.block_start = arg_size++;
+	    body->param.flags.has_block = TRUE;
 	}
 
-	if (iseq->arg_opts != 0 || iseq->arg_post_len != 0 ||
-	    iseq->arg_rest != -1 || iseq->arg_block != -1) {
-	    iseq->arg_simple = 0;
+	iseq_calc_param_size(iseq);
+	body->param.size = arg_size;
 
-	    /* set arg_size: size of arguments */
-	    if (iseq->arg_block != -1) {
-		iseq->arg_size = iseq->arg_block + 1;
-	    }
-	    else if (iseq->arg_post_len) {
-		iseq->arg_size = iseq->arg_post_start + iseq->arg_post_len;
-	    }
-	    else if (iseq->arg_rest != -1) {
-		iseq->arg_size = iseq->arg_rest + 1;
-	    }
-	    else if (iseq->arg_opts) {
-		iseq->arg_size = iseq->argc + iseq->arg_opts - 1;
-	    }
-	    else {
-		iseq->arg_size = iseq->argc;
-	    }
+	if (args->pre_init) { /* m_init */
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(optargs, "init arguments (m)", args->pre_init));
 	}
-	else {
-	    iseq->arg_simple = 1;
-	    iseq->arg_size = iseq->argc;
+	if (args->post_init) { /* p_init */
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(optargs, "init arguments (p)", args->post_init));
 	}
 
-	if (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
-	    if (iseq->arg_opts == 0 && iseq->arg_post_len == 0 && iseq->arg_rest == -1) {
-		if (iseq->argc == 1 && last_comma == 0) {
+	if (body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
+	    if (body->param.flags.has_opt    == FALSE &&
+		body->param.flags.has_post   == FALSE &&
+		body->param.flags.has_rest   == FALSE &&
+		body->param.flags.has_kw     == FALSE &&
+		body->param.flags.has_kwrest == FALSE) {
+
+		if (body->param.lead_num == 1 && last_comma == 0) {
 		    /* {|a|} */
-		    iseq->arg_simple |= 0x02;
+		    body->param.flags.ambiguous_param0 = TRUE;
 		}
 	    }
 	}
     }
-    else {
-	iseq->arg_simple = 1;
-    }
 
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
 static int
-iseq_set_local_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID *tbl)
+iseq_set_local_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const ID *tbl)
 {
-    int size;
+    unsigned int size;
 
     if (tbl) {
-	size = (int)*tbl;
+	size = (unsigned int)*tbl;
 	tbl++;
     }
     else {
@@ -1243,48 +1942,84 @@ iseq_set_local_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq, ID *tbl)
     }
 
     if (size > 0) {
-	iseq->local_table = (ID *)ALLOC_N(ID, size);
-	MEMCPY(iseq->local_table, tbl, ID, size);
+	ID *ids = (ID *)ALLOC_N(ID, size);
+	MEMCPY(ids, tbl, ID, size);
+	iseq->body->local_table = ids;
     }
+    iseq->body->local_table_size = size;
 
-    iseq->local_size = iseq->local_table_size = size;
-    iseq->local_size += 1;
-    /*
-      if (lfp == dfp ) { // top, class, method
-	  dfp[-1]: svar
-      else {             // block
-          dfp[-1]: cref
-      }
-     */
-
-    debugs("iseq_set_local_table: %d, %d\n", iseq->local_size, iseq->local_table_size);
+    debugs("iseq_set_local_table: %u\n", iseq->body->local_table_size);
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
 static int
 cdhash_cmp(VALUE val, VALUE lit)
 {
-    if (val == lit) return 0;
-    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(lit)) {
-	return val != lit;
+    int tval, tlit;
+
+    if (val == lit) {
+        return 0;
     }
-    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(val) || BUILTIN_TYPE(val) != BUILTIN_TYPE(lit)) {
-	return -1;
+    else if ((tlit = OBJ_BUILTIN_TYPE(lit)) == -1) {
+        return val != lit;
     }
-    if (BUILTIN_TYPE(lit) == T_STRING) {
-	return rb_str_hash_cmp(lit, val);
+    else if ((tval = OBJ_BUILTIN_TYPE(val)) == -1) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else if (tlit != tval) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else if (tlit == T_SYMBOL) {
+        return val != lit;
+    }
+    else if (tlit == T_STRING) {
+        return rb_str_hash_cmp(lit, val);
+    }
+    else if (tlit == T_BIGNUM) {
+        long x = FIX2LONG(rb_big_cmp(lit, val));
+
+        /* Given lit and val are both Bignum, x must be -1, 0, 1.
+         * There is no need to call rb_fix2int here. */
+        RUBY_ASSERT((x == 1) || (x == 0) || (x == -1));
+        return (int)x;
+    }
+    else if (tlit == T_FLOAT) {
+        return rb_float_cmp(lit, val);
+    }
+    else if (tlit == T_RATIONAL) {
+        const struct RRational *rat1 = RRATIONAL(val);
+        const struct RRational *rat2 = RRATIONAL(lit);
+        return cdhash_cmp(rat1->num, rat2->num) || cdhash_cmp(rat1->den, rat2->den);
+    }
+    else if (tlit == T_COMPLEX) {
+        const struct RComplex *comp1 = RCOMPLEX(val);
+        const struct RComplex *comp2 = RCOMPLEX(lit);
+        return cdhash_cmp(comp1->real, comp2->real) || cdhash_cmp(comp1->imag, comp2->imag);
+    }
+    else {
+        UNREACHABLE_RETURN(-1);
     }
-    return !rb_eql(lit, val);
 }
 
 static st_index_t
 cdhash_hash(VALUE a)
 {
-    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(a)) return (st_index_t)a;
-    if (TYPE(a) == T_STRING) return rb_str_hash(a);
-    {
-	VALUE hval = rb_hash(a);
-	return (st_index_t)FIX2LONG(hval);
+    switch (OBJ_BUILTIN_TYPE(a)) {
+      case -1:
+      case T_SYMBOL:
+        return (st_index_t)a;
+      case T_STRING:
+        return rb_str_hash(a);
+      case T_BIGNUM:
+        return FIX2LONG(rb_big_hash(a));
+      case T_FLOAT:
+        return rb_dbl_long_hash(RFLOAT_VALUE(a));
+      case T_RATIONAL:
+        return rb_rational_hash(a);
+      case T_COMPLEX:
+        return rb_complex_hash(a);
+      default:
+        UNREACHABLE_RETURN(0);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1293,72 +2028,294 @@ static const struct st_hash_type cdhash_type = {
     cdhash_hash,
 };
 
+struct cdhash_set_label_struct {
+    VALUE hash;
+    int pos;
+    int len;
+};
+
+static int
+cdhash_set_label_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE ptr)
+{
+    struct cdhash_set_label_struct *data = (struct cdhash_set_label_struct *)ptr;
+    LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)(val & ~1);
+    rb_hash_aset(data->hash, key, INT2FIX(lobj->position - (data->pos+data->len)));
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+
+static inline VALUE
+get_ivar_ic_value(rb_iseq_t *iseq,ID id)
+{
+    VALUE val;
+    struct rb_id_table *tbl = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ivar_cache_table;
+    if (tbl) {
+	if (rb_id_table_lookup(tbl,id,&val)) {
+	    return val;
+	}
+    }
+    else {
+	tbl = rb_id_table_create(1);
+	ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ivar_cache_table = tbl;
+    }
+    val = INT2FIX(iseq->body->is_size++);
+    rb_id_table_insert(tbl,id,val);
+    return val;
+}
+
+#define BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, list, dest) \
+    dump_disasm_list_with_cursor(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor), list, dest)
+
+#define BADINSN_ERROR \
+    (xfree(generated_iseq), \
+     xfree(insns_info), \
+     BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, list, NULL), \
+     COMPILE_ERROR)
+
+static int
+fix_sp_depth(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
+{
+    int stack_max = 0, sp = 0, line = 0;
+    LINK_ELEMENT *list;
+
+    for (list = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor); list; list = list->next) {
+	if (list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL) {
+	    LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)list;
+	    lobj->set = TRUE;
+	}
+    }
+
+    for (list = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor); list; list = list->next) {
+	switch (list->type) {
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN:
+	    {
+		int j, len, insn;
+		const char *types;
+		VALUE *operands;
+		INSN *iobj = (INSN *)list;
+
+		/* update sp */
+		sp = calc_sp_depth(sp, iobj);
+		if (sp < 0) {
+		    BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, list, NULL);
+		    COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, iobj->insn_info.line_no,
+				  "argument stack underflow (%d)", sp);
+		    return -1;
+		}
+		if (sp > stack_max) {
+		    stack_max = sp;
+		}
+
+		line = iobj->insn_info.line_no;
+		/* fprintf(stderr, "insn: %-16s, sp: %d\n", insn_name(iobj->insn_id), sp); */
+		operands = iobj->operands;
+		insn = iobj->insn_id;
+		types = insn_op_types(insn);
+		len = insn_len(insn);
+
+		/* operand check */
+		if (iobj->operand_size != len - 1) {
+		    /* printf("operand size miss! (%d, %d)\n", iobj->operand_size, len); */
+		    BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, list, NULL);
+		    COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, iobj->insn_info.line_no,
+				  "operand size miss! (%d for %d)",
+				  iobj->operand_size, len - 1);
+		    return -1;
+		}
+
+		for (j = 0; types[j]; j++) {
+		    if (types[j] == TS_OFFSET) {
+			/* label(destination position) */
+			LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)operands[j];
+			if (!lobj->set) {
+			    BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, list, NULL);
+			    COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, iobj->insn_info.line_no,
+					  "unknown label: "LABEL_FORMAT, lobj->label_no);
+			    return -1;
+			}
+			if (lobj->sp == -1) {
+			    lobj->sp = sp;
+                        } else if (lobj->sp != sp) {
+                            debugs("%s:%d: sp inconsistency found but ignored (" LABEL_FORMAT " sp: %d, calculated sp: %d)\n",
+                                   RSTRING_PTR(rb_iseq_path(iseq)), line,
+                                   lobj->label_no, lobj->sp, sp);
+                        }
+		    }
+		}
+		break;
+	    }
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL:
+	    {
+		LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)list;
+		if (lobj->sp == -1) {
+		    lobj->sp = sp;
+		}
+		else {
+                    if (lobj->sp != sp) {
+                        debugs("%s:%d: sp inconsistency found but ignored (" LABEL_FORMAT " sp: %d, calculated sp: %d)\n",
+                                RSTRING_PTR(rb_iseq_path(iseq)), line,
+                                lobj->label_no, lobj->sp, sp);
+                    }
+		    sp = lobj->sp;
+		}
+		break;
+	    }
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_TRACE:
+	    {
+		/* ignore */
+		break;
+	    }
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST:
+	    {
+		ADJUST *adjust = (ADJUST *)list;
+		int orig_sp = sp;
+
+		sp = adjust->label ? adjust->label->sp : 0;
+		if (adjust->line_no != -1 && orig_sp - sp < 0) {
+		    BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, list, NULL);
+		    COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, adjust->line_no,
+				  "iseq_set_sequence: adjust bug %d < %d",
+				  orig_sp, sp);
+		    return -1;
+		}
+		break;
+	    }
+	  default:
+	    BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, list, NULL);
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, line, "unknown list type: %d", list->type);
+	    return -1;
+	}
+    }
+    return stack_max;
+}
+
+static int
+add_insn_info(struct iseq_insn_info_entry *insns_info, unsigned int *positions,
+              int insns_info_index, int code_index, const INSN *iobj)
+{
+    if (insns_info_index == 0 ||
+        insns_info[insns_info_index-1].line_no != iobj->insn_info.line_no ||
+        insns_info[insns_info_index-1].events  != iobj->insn_info.events) {
+        insns_info[insns_info_index].line_no    = iobj->insn_info.line_no;
+        insns_info[insns_info_index].events     = iobj->insn_info.events;
+        positions[insns_info_index]             = code_index;
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+static int
+add_adjust_info(struct iseq_insn_info_entry *insns_info, unsigned int *positions,
+                int insns_info_index, int code_index, const ADJUST *adjust)
+{
+    if (insns_info_index > 0 ||
+        insns_info[insns_info_index-1].line_no != adjust->line_no) {
+        insns_info[insns_info_index].line_no    = adjust->line_no;
+        insns_info[insns_info_index].events     = 0;
+        positions[insns_info_index]             = code_index;
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
 /**
   ruby insn object list -> raw instruction sequence
  */
 static int
-iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
-    LABEL *lobj;
-    INSN *iobj;
-    struct iseq_insn_info_entry *insn_info_table;
+    VALUE iseqv = (VALUE)iseq;
+    struct iseq_insn_info_entry *insns_info;
+    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+    unsigned int *positions;
     LINK_ELEMENT *list;
     VALUE *generated_iseq;
+    rb_event_flag_t events = 0;
+    long data = 0;
 
-    int k, pos, sp, stack_max = 0, line = 0;
+    int insn_num, code_index, insns_info_index, sp = 0;
+    int stack_max = fix_sp_depth(iseq, anchor);
 
-    /* set label position */
-    list = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor);
-    k = pos = 0;
-    while (list) {
+    if (stack_max < 0) return COMPILE_NG;
+
+    /* fix label position */
+    insn_num = code_index = 0;
+    for (list = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor); list; list = list->next) {
 	switch (list->type) {
 	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN:
 	    {
-		iobj = (INSN *)list;
-		line = iobj->line_no;
-		pos += insn_data_length(iobj);
-		k++;
+		INSN *iobj = (INSN *)list;
+		/* update sp */
+		sp = calc_sp_depth(sp, iobj);
+		insn_num++;
+                events = iobj->insn_info.events |= events;
+                if (ISEQ_COVERAGE(iseq)) {
+                    if (ISEQ_LINE_COVERAGE(iseq) && (events & RUBY_EVENT_COVERAGE_LINE) &&
+                        !(rb_get_coverage_mode() & COVERAGE_TARGET_ONESHOT_LINES)) {
+                        int line = iobj->insn_info.line_no;
+                        if (line >= 1) {
+                            RARRAY_ASET(ISEQ_LINE_COVERAGE(iseq), line - 1, INT2FIX(0));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (ISEQ_BRANCH_COVERAGE(iseq) && (events & RUBY_EVENT_COVERAGE_BRANCH)) {
+                        while (RARRAY_LEN(ISEQ_PC2BRANCHINDEX(iseq)) <= code_index) {
+                            rb_ary_push(ISEQ_PC2BRANCHINDEX(iseq), Qnil);
+                        }
+                        RARRAY_ASET(ISEQ_PC2BRANCHINDEX(iseq), code_index, INT2FIX(data));
+                    }
+		}
+                code_index += insn_data_length(iobj);
+		events = 0;
+                data = 0;
 		break;
 	    }
 	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL:
 	    {
-		lobj = (LABEL *)list;
-		lobj->position = pos;
-		lobj->set = TRUE;
+		LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)list;
+		lobj->position = code_index;
+                if (lobj->sp != sp) {
+                    debugs("%s: sp inconsistency found but ignored (" LABEL_FORMAT " sp: %d, calculated sp: %d)\n",
+                           RSTRING_PTR(rb_iseq_path(iseq)),
+                           lobj->label_no, lobj->sp, sp);
+                }
+		sp = lobj->sp;
 		break;
 	    }
-	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_NONE:
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_TRACE:
 	    {
-		/* ignore */
+		TRACE *trace = (TRACE *)list;
+		events |= trace->event;
+                if (trace->event & RUBY_EVENT_COVERAGE_BRANCH) data = trace->data;
 		break;
 	    }
 	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST:
 	    {
 		ADJUST *adjust = (ADJUST *)list;
 		if (adjust->line_no != -1) {
-		    pos += 2 /* insn + 1 operand */;
-		    k++;
+		    int orig_sp = sp;
+		    sp = adjust->label ? adjust->label->sp : 0;
+		    if (orig_sp - sp > 0) {
+			if (orig_sp - sp > 1) code_index++; /* 1 operand */
+			code_index++; /* insn */
+			insn_num++;
+		    }
 		}
 		break;
 	    }
-	  default:
-	    dump_disasm_list(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
-	    dump_disasm_list(list);
-	    rb_compile_error(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->filename), line,
-			     "error: set_sequence");
-	    break;
+	  default: break;
 	}
-	list = list->next;
     }
 
     /* make instruction sequence */
-    generated_iseq = ALLOC_N(VALUE, pos);
-    insn_info_table = ALLOC_N(struct iseq_insn_info_entry, k);
-    iseq->ic_entries = ALLOC_N(struct iseq_inline_cache_entry, iseq->ic_size);
-    MEMZERO(iseq->ic_entries, struct iseq_inline_cache_entry, iseq->ic_size);
+    generated_iseq = ALLOC_N(VALUE, code_index);
+    insns_info = ALLOC_N(struct iseq_insn_info_entry, insn_num);
+    positions = ALLOC_N(unsigned int, insn_num);
+    body->is_entries = ZALLOC_N(union iseq_inline_storage_entry, body->is_size);
+    body->call_data = ZALLOC_N(struct rb_call_data, body->ci_size);
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ci_index = 0;
 
     list = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor);
-    k = pos = sp = 0;
+    insns_info_index = code_index = sp = 0;
 
     while (list) {
 	switch (list->type) {
@@ -1367,34 +2324,17 @@ iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 		int j, len, insn;
 		const char *types;
 		VALUE *operands;
-
-		iobj = (INSN *)list;
+		INSN *iobj = (INSN *)list;
 
 		/* update sp */
 		sp = calc_sp_depth(sp, iobj);
-		if (sp > stack_max) {
-		    stack_max = sp;
-		}
-
 		/* fprintf(stderr, "insn: %-16s, sp: %d\n", insn_name(iobj->insn_id), sp); */
 		operands = iobj->operands;
 		insn = iobj->insn_id;
-		generated_iseq[pos] = insn;
+		generated_iseq[code_index] = insn;
 		types = insn_op_types(insn);
 		len = insn_len(insn);
 
-		/* operand check */
-		if (iobj->operand_size != len - 1) {
-		    /* printf("operand size miss! (%d, %d)\n", iobj->operand_size, len); */
-		    dump_disasm_list(list);
-		    rb_compile_error(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->filename), iobj->line_no,
-				     "operand size miss! (%d for %d)",
-				     iobj->operand_size, len - 1);
-		    xfree(generated_iseq);
-		    xfree(insn_info_table);
-		    return 0;
-		}
-
 		for (j = 0; types[j]; j++) {
 		    char type = types[j];
 		    /* printf("--> [%c - (%d-%d)]\n", type, k, j); */
@@ -1402,118 +2342,96 @@ iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 		      case TS_OFFSET:
 			{
 			    /* label(destination position) */
-			    lobj = (LABEL *)operands[j];
-			    if (!lobj->set) {
-				rb_compile_error(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->filename), iobj->line_no,
-						 "unknown label");
-			    }
-			    if (lobj->sp == -1) {
-				lobj->sp = sp;
-			    }
-			    generated_iseq[pos + 1 + j] =
-				lobj->position - (pos + len);
+			    LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)operands[j];
+			    generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = lobj->position - (code_index + len);
 			    break;
 			}
 		      case TS_CDHASH:
 			{
-			    /*
-			     * [obj, label, ...]
-			     */
-			    int i;
-			    VALUE lits = operands[j];
-			    VALUE map = rb_hash_new();
-			    RHASH_TBL(map)->type = &cdhash_type;
-
-			    for (i=0; i < RARRAY_LEN(lits); i+=2) {
-				VALUE obj = rb_ary_entry(lits, i);
-				VALUE lv  = rb_ary_entry(lits, i+1);
-				lobj = (LABEL *)(lv & ~1);
-
-				if (!lobj->set) {
-				    rb_compile_error(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->filename), iobj->line_no,
-						     "unknown label");
-				}
-				if (!st_lookup(rb_hash_tbl(map), obj, 0)) {
-				    rb_hash_aset(map, obj, INT2FIX(lobj->position - (pos+len)));
-				}
-				else {
-				    rb_compile_warning(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->filename), iobj->line_no,
-						       "duplicated when clause is ignored");
-				}
-			    }
-			    hide_obj(map);
-			    generated_iseq[pos + 1 + j] = map;
-			    iseq_add_mark_object(iseq, map);
+			    VALUE map = operands[j];
+			    struct cdhash_set_label_struct data;
+                            data.hash = map;
+                            data.pos = code_index;
+                            data.len = len;
+			    rb_hash_foreach(map, cdhash_set_label_i, (VALUE)&data);
+
+			    rb_hash_rehash(map);
+			    freeze_hide_obj(map);
+			    generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = map;
+			    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, map);
+                            FL_SET(iseqv, ISEQ_MARKABLE_ISEQ);
 			    break;
 			}
 		      case TS_LINDEX:
-		      case TS_DINDEX:
 		      case TS_NUM:	/* ulong */
-			generated_iseq[pos + 1 + j] = FIX2INT(operands[j]);
+			generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = FIX2INT(operands[j]);
 			break;
-		      case TS_ISEQ:	/* iseq */
-			{
-			    VALUE v = operands[j];
-			    rb_iseq_t *block = 0;
-			    if (v) {
-				GetISeqPtr(v, block);
-			    }
-			    generated_iseq[pos + 1 + j] = (VALUE)block;
-			    break;
-			}
 		      case TS_VALUE:	/* VALUE */
+		      case TS_ISEQ:	/* iseq */
 			{
 			    VALUE v = operands[j];
-			    generated_iseq[pos + 1 + j] = v;
+			    generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = v;
 			    /* to mark ruby object */
-			    iseq_add_mark_object(iseq, v);
+			    if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(v)) {
+				RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, v);
+                                FL_SET(iseqv, ISEQ_MARKABLE_ISEQ);
+			    }
 			    break;
 			}
 		      case TS_IC: /* inline cache */
+		      case TS_ISE: /* inline storage entry */
+		      case TS_IVC: /* inline ivar cache */
 			{
-			    int ic_index = FIX2INT(operands[j]);
-			    IC ic = &iseq->ic_entries[ic_index];
-			    if (UNLIKELY(ic_index >= iseq->ic_size)) {
-				rb_bug("iseq_set_sequence: ic_index overflow: index: %d, size: %d",
-				       ic_index, iseq->ic_size);
+			    unsigned int ic_index = FIX2UINT(operands[j]);
+			    IC ic = (IC)&body->is_entries[ic_index];
+			    if (UNLIKELY(ic_index >= body->is_size)) {
+                                BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, &iobj->link, 0);
+                                COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, iobj->insn_info.line_no,
+                                              "iseq_set_sequence: ic_index overflow: index: %d, size: %d",
+                                              ic_index, body->is_size);
 			    }
-			    generated_iseq[pos + 1 + j] = (VALUE)ic;
+			    generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = (VALUE)ic;
+                            FL_SET(iseqv, ISEQ_MARKABLE_ISEQ);
 			    break;
 			}
+                        case TS_CALLDATA:
+                        {
+                            const struct rb_callinfo *source_ci = (const struct rb_callinfo *)operands[j];
+                            struct rb_call_data *cd = &body->call_data[ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ci_index++];
+                            assert(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ci_index <= body->ci_size);
+                            cd->ci = source_ci;
+                            cd->cc = vm_cc_empty();
+                            generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = (VALUE)cd;
+                            break;
+                        }
 		      case TS_ID: /* ID */
-			generated_iseq[pos + 1 + j] = SYM2ID(operands[j]);
+			generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = SYM2ID(operands[j]);
 			break;
-		      case TS_GENTRY:
-			{
-			    struct rb_global_entry *entry =
-				(struct rb_global_entry *)(operands[j] & (~1));
-			    generated_iseq[pos + 1 + j] = (VALUE)entry;
-			}
+		      case TS_FUNCPTR:
+			generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = operands[j];
 			break;
+                      case TS_BUILTIN:
+                        generated_iseq[code_index + 1 + j] = operands[j];
+                        break;
 		      default:
-			rb_compile_error(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->filename), iobj->line_no,
-					 "unknown operand type: %c", type);
-			xfree(generated_iseq);
-			xfree(insn_info_table);
-			return 0;
+			BADINSN_ERROR(iseq, iobj->insn_info.line_no,
+				      "unknown operand type: %c", type);
+			return COMPILE_NG;
 		    }
 		}
-		insn_info_table[k].line_no = iobj->line_no;
-		insn_info_table[k].position = pos;
-		insn_info_table[k].sp = sp;
-		pos += len;
-		k++;
+		if (add_insn_info(insns_info, positions, insns_info_index, code_index, iobj)) insns_info_index++;
+		code_index += len;
 		break;
 	    }
 	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL:
 	    {
-		lobj = (LABEL *)list;
-		if (lobj->sp == -1) {
-		    lobj->sp = sp;
-		}
-		else {
-		    sp = lobj->sp;
-		}
+		LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)list;
+                if (lobj->sp != sp) {
+                    debugs("%s: sp inconsistency found but ignored (" LABEL_FORMAT " sp: %d, calculated sp: %d)\n",
+                           RSTRING_PTR(rb_iseq_path(iseq)),
+                           lobj->label_no, lobj->sp, sp);
+                }
+		sp = lobj->sp;
 		break;
 	    }
 	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST:
@@ -1529,25 +2447,27 @@ iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 		}
 
 		if (adjust->line_no != -1) {
-		    if (orig_sp - sp > 0) {
-			insn_info_table[k].line_no = adjust->line_no;
-			insn_info_table[k].position = pos;
-			insn_info_table[k].sp = sp;
-			k++;
-			generated_iseq[pos++] = BIN(adjuststack);
-			generated_iseq[pos++] = orig_sp - sp;
+		    const int diff = orig_sp - sp;
+		    if (diff > 0) {
+			if (add_adjust_info(insns_info, positions, insns_info_index, code_index, adjust)) insns_info_index++;
+		    }
+		    if (diff > 1) {
+			generated_iseq[code_index++] = BIN(adjuststack);
+			generated_iseq[code_index++] = orig_sp - sp;
 		    }
-		    else if (orig_sp - sp == 0) {
-			/* jump to next insn */
-			insn_info_table[k].line_no = adjust->line_no;
-			insn_info_table[k].position = pos;
-			insn_info_table[k].sp = sp;
-			k++;
-			generated_iseq[pos++] = BIN(jump);
-			generated_iseq[pos++] = 0;
+		    else if (diff == 1) {
+			generated_iseq[code_index++] = BIN(pop);
 		    }
-		    else {
-			rb_bug("iseq_set_sequence: adjust bug");
+		    else if (diff < 0) {
+			int label_no = adjust->label ? adjust->label->label_no : -1;
+			xfree(generated_iseq);
+			xfree(insns_info);
+			xfree(positions);
+			debug_list(anchor, list);
+			COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, adjust->line_no,
+				      "iseq_set_sequence: adjust bug to %d %d < %d",
+				      label_no, orig_sp, sp);
+			return COMPILE_NG;
 		    }
 		}
 		break;
@@ -1559,18 +2479,19 @@ iseq_set_sequence(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 	list = list->next;
     }
 
-#if 0 /* XXX */
-    /* this check need dead code elimination */
-    if (sp != 1) {
-	rb_bug("SP is not 0 on %s (%d)\n", RSTRING_PTR(iseq->name), sp);
-    }
-#endif
+    body->iseq_encoded = (void *)generated_iseq;
+    body->iseq_size = code_index;
+    body->stack_max = stack_max;
+
+    /* get rid of memory leak when REALLOC failed */
+    body->insns_info.body = insns_info;
+    body->insns_info.positions = positions;
 
-    iseq->iseq = (void *)generated_iseq;
-    iseq->iseq_size = pos;
-    iseq->insn_info_table = insn_info_table;
-    iseq->insn_info_size = k;
-    iseq->stack_max = stack_max;
+    REALLOC_N(insns_info, struct iseq_insn_info_entry, insns_info_index);
+    body->insns_info.body = insns_info;
+    REALLOC_N(positions, unsigned int, insns_info_index);
+    body->insns_info.positions = positions;
+    body->insns_info.size = insns_info_index;
 
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
@@ -1590,48 +2511,49 @@ label_get_sp(LABEL *lobj)
 static int
 iseq_set_exception_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
-    VALUE *tptr, *ptr;
-    int tlen, i;
+    const VALUE *tptr, *ptr;
+    unsigned int tlen, i;
     struct iseq_catch_table_entry *entry;
 
-    tlen = (int)RARRAY_LEN(iseq->compile_data->catch_table_ary);
-    tptr = RARRAY_PTR(iseq->compile_data->catch_table_ary);
-
-    iseq->catch_table = tlen ? ALLOC_N(struct iseq_catch_table_entry, tlen) : 0;
-    iseq->catch_table_size = tlen;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < tlen; i++) {
-	ptr = RARRAY_PTR(tptr[i]);
-	entry = &iseq->catch_table[i];
-	entry->type = (enum catch_type)(ptr[0] & 0xffff);
-	entry->start = label_get_position((LABEL *)(ptr[1] & ~1));
-	entry->end = label_get_position((LABEL *)(ptr[2] & ~1));
-	entry->iseq = ptr[3];
-
-	/* register iseq as mark object */
-	if (entry->iseq != 0) {
-	    iseq_add_mark_object(iseq, entry->iseq);
-	}
-
-	/* stack depth */
-	if (ptr[4]) {
-	    LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)(ptr[4] & ~1);
-	    entry->cont = label_get_position(lobj);
-	    entry->sp = label_get_sp(lobj);
-
-	    /* TODO: Dirty Hack!  Fix me */
-	    if (entry->type == CATCH_TYPE_RESCUE ||
-		entry->type == CATCH_TYPE_BREAK ||
-		entry->type == CATCH_TYPE_NEXT) {
-		entry->sp--;
+    iseq->body->catch_table = NULL;
+    if (NIL_P(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary)) return COMPILE_OK;
+    tlen = (int)RARRAY_LEN(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary);
+    tptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary);
+
+    if (tlen > 0) {
+	struct iseq_catch_table *table = xmalloc(iseq_catch_table_bytes(tlen));
+	table->size = tlen;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < table->size; i++) {
+            ptr = RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(tptr[i]);
+	    entry = UNALIGNED_MEMBER_PTR(table, entries[i]);
+	    entry->type = (enum catch_type)(ptr[0] & 0xffff);
+	    entry->start = label_get_position((LABEL *)(ptr[1] & ~1));
+	    entry->end = label_get_position((LABEL *)(ptr[2] & ~1));
+	    entry->iseq = (rb_iseq_t *)ptr[3];
+	    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, entry->iseq);
+
+	    /* stack depth */
+	    if (ptr[4]) {
+		LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)(ptr[4] & ~1);
+		entry->cont = label_get_position(lobj);
+		entry->sp = label_get_sp(lobj);
+
+		/* TODO: Dirty Hack!  Fix me */
+		if (entry->type == CATCH_TYPE_RESCUE ||
+		    entry->type == CATCH_TYPE_BREAK ||
+		    entry->type == CATCH_TYPE_NEXT) {
+		    entry->sp--;
+		}
+	    }
+	    else {
+		entry->cont = 0;
 	    }
 	}
-	else {
-	    entry->cont = 0;
-	}
+	iseq->body->catch_table = table;
+	RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary, 0); /* free */
     }
 
-    iseq->compile_data->catch_table_ary = 0;	/* free */
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -1648,11 +2570,11 @@ static int
 iseq_set_optargs_table(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
     int i;
+    VALUE *opt_table = (VALUE *)iseq->body->param.opt_table;
 
-    if (iseq->arg_opts != 0) {
-	for (i = 0; i < iseq->arg_opts; i++) {
-	    iseq->arg_opt_table[i] =
-		label_get_position((LABEL *)iseq->arg_opt_table[i]);
+    if (iseq->body->param.flags.has_opt) {
+	for (i = 0; i < iseq->body->param.opt_num + 1; i++) {
+	    opt_table[i] = label_get_position((LABEL *)opt_table[i]);
 	}
     }
     return COMPILE_OK;
@@ -1663,14 +2585,32 @@ get_destination_insn(INSN *iobj)
 {
     LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0);
     LINK_ELEMENT *list;
+    rb_event_flag_t events = 0;
 
     list = lobj->link.next;
     while (list) {
-	if (list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN || list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST) {
+	switch (list->type) {
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN:
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST:
+	    goto found;
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL:
+	    /* ignore */
 	    break;
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_TRACE:
+	    {
+		TRACE *trace = (TRACE *)list;
+		events |= trace->event;
+	    }
+	    break;
+	  default: break;
 	}
 	list = list->next;
     }
+  found:
+    if (list && IS_INSN(list)) {
+	INSN *iobj = (INSN *)list;
+	iobj->insn_info.events |= events;
+    }
     return list;
 }
 
@@ -1680,7 +2620,7 @@ get_next_insn(INSN *iobj)
     LINK_ELEMENT *list = iobj->link.next;
 
     while (list) {
-	if (list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN || list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST) {
+	if (IS_INSN(list) || IS_ADJUST(list)) {
 	    return list;
 	}
 	list = list->next;
@@ -1694,7 +2634,7 @@ get_prev_insn(INSN *iobj)
     LINK_ELEMENT *list = iobj->link.prev;
 
     while (list) {
-	if (list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN || list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST) {
+	if (IS_INSN(list) || IS_ADJUST(list)) {
 	    return list;
 	}
 	list = list->prev;
@@ -1702,23 +2642,247 @@ get_prev_insn(INSN *iobj)
     return 0;
 }
 
+static void
+unref_destination(INSN *iobj, int pos)
+{
+    LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, pos);
+    --lobj->refcnt;
+    if (!lobj->refcnt) ELEM_REMOVE(&lobj->link);
+}
+
+static void
+replace_destination(INSN *dobj, INSN *nobj)
+{
+    VALUE n = OPERAND_AT(nobj, 0);
+    LABEL *dl = (LABEL *)OPERAND_AT(dobj, 0);
+    LABEL *nl = (LABEL *)n;
+    --dl->refcnt;
+    ++nl->refcnt;
+    OPERAND_AT(dobj, 0) = n;
+    if (!dl->refcnt) ELEM_REMOVE(&dl->link);
+}
+
+static LABEL*
+find_destination(INSN *i)
+{
+    int pos, len = insn_len(i->insn_id);
+    for (pos = 0; pos < len; ++pos) {
+	if (insn_op_types(i->insn_id)[pos] == TS_OFFSET) {
+	    return (LABEL *)OPERAND_AT(i, pos);
+	}
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+remove_unreachable_chunk(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *i)
+{
+    LINK_ELEMENT *first = i, *end;
+    int *unref_counts = 0, nlabels = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->label_no;
+
+    if (!i) return 0;
+    unref_counts = ALLOCA_N(int, nlabels);
+    MEMZERO(unref_counts, int, nlabels);
+    end = i;
+    do {
+	LABEL *lab;
+	if (IS_INSN(i)) {
+	    if (IS_INSN_ID(i, leave)) {
+		end = i;
+		break;
+	    }
+	    else if ((lab = find_destination((INSN *)i)) != 0) {
+		if (lab->unremovable) break;
+		unref_counts[lab->label_no]++;
+	    }
+	}
+	else if (IS_LABEL(i)) {
+	    lab = (LABEL *)i;
+	    if (lab->unremovable) return 0;
+	    if (lab->refcnt > unref_counts[lab->label_no]) {
+		if (i == first) return 0;
+		break;
+	    }
+	    continue;
+	}
+	else if (IS_TRACE(i)) {
+	    /* do nothing */
+	}
+	else if (IS_ADJUST(i)) {
+	    LABEL *dest = ((ADJUST *)i)->label;
+	    if (dest && dest->unremovable) return 0;
+	}
+	end = i;
+    } while ((i = i->next) != 0);
+    i = first;
+    do {
+	if (IS_INSN(i)) {
+	    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *body = iseq->body;
+	    VALUE insn = INSN_OF(i);
+	    int pos, len = insn_len(insn);
+	    for (pos = 0; pos < len; ++pos) {
+		switch (insn_op_types(insn)[pos]) {
+		  case TS_OFFSET:
+		    unref_destination((INSN *)i, pos);
+		    break;
+                  case TS_CALLDATA:
+                    --(body->ci_size);
+		    break;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	ELEM_REMOVE(i);
+    } while ((i != end) && (i = i->next) != 0);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int
+iseq_pop_newarray(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj)
+{
+    switch (OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0)) {
+      case INT2FIX(0): /* empty array */
+	ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+	return TRUE;
+      case INT2FIX(1): /* single element array */
+	ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+	return FALSE;
+      default:
+	iobj->insn_id = BIN(adjuststack);
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+is_frozen_putstring(INSN *insn, VALUE *op)
+{
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(insn, putstring)) {
+        *op = OPERAND_AT(insn, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    else if (IS_INSN_ID(insn, putobject)) { /* frozen_string_literal */
+        *op = OPERAND_AT(insn, 0);
+        return RB_TYPE_P(*op, T_STRING);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+optimize_checktype(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj)
+{
+    /*
+     *   putobject obj
+     *   dup
+     *   checktype T_XXX
+     *   branchif l1
+     * l2:
+     *   ...
+     * l1:
+     *
+     * => obj is a T_XXX
+     *
+     *   putobject obj (T_XXX)
+     *   jump L1
+     * L1:
+     *
+     * => obj is not a T_XXX
+     *
+     *   putobject obj (T_XXX)
+     *   jump L2
+     * L2:
+     */
+    int line;
+    INSN *niobj, *ciobj, *dup = 0;
+    LABEL *dest = 0;
+    VALUE type;
+
+    switch (INSN_OF(iobj)) {
+      case BIN(putstring):
+	type = INT2FIX(T_STRING);
+	break;
+      case BIN(putnil):
+	type = INT2FIX(T_NIL);
+	break;
+      case BIN(putobject):
+	type = INT2FIX(TYPE(OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0)));
+	break;
+      default: return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    ciobj = (INSN *)get_next_insn(iobj);
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(ciobj, jump)) {
+	ciobj = (INSN *)get_next_insn((INSN*)OPERAND_AT(ciobj, 0));
+    }
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(ciobj, dup)) {
+	ciobj = (INSN *)get_next_insn(dup = ciobj);
+    }
+    if (!ciobj || !IS_INSN_ID(ciobj, checktype)) return FALSE;
+    niobj = (INSN *)get_next_insn(ciobj);
+    if (!niobj) {
+	/* TODO: putobject true/false */
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+    switch (INSN_OF(niobj)) {
+      case BIN(branchif):
+	if (OPERAND_AT(ciobj, 0) == type) {
+	    dest = (LABEL *)OPERAND_AT(niobj, 0);
+	}
+	break;
+      case BIN(branchunless):
+	if (OPERAND_AT(ciobj, 0) != type) {
+	    dest = (LABEL *)OPERAND_AT(niobj, 0);
+	}
+	break;
+      default:
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    line = ciobj->insn_info.line_no;
+    if (!dest) {
+	if (niobj->link.next && IS_LABEL(niobj->link.next)) {
+	    dest = (LABEL *)niobj->link.next; /* reuse label */
+	}
+	else {
+	    dest = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	    ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(&niobj->link, &dest->link);
+	}
+    }
+    INSERT_AFTER_INSN1(iobj, line, jump, dest);
+    LABEL_REF(dest);
+    if (!dup) INSERT_AFTER_INSN(iobj, line, pop);
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+static const struct rb_callinfo *
+ci_flag_set(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, const struct rb_callinfo *ci, unsigned int add)
+{
+    const struct rb_callinfo *nci = vm_ci_new(vm_ci_mid(ci),
+                                             vm_ci_flag(ci) | add,
+                                             vm_ci_argc(ci),
+                                             vm_ci_kwarg(ci));
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, ci, nci);
+    return nci;
+}
+
+static const struct rb_callinfo *
+ci_argc_set(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, const struct rb_callinfo *ci, int argc)
+{
+    const struct rb_callinfo *nci = vm_ci_new(vm_ci_mid(ci),
+                                              vm_ci_flag(ci),
+                                              argc,
+                                              vm_ci_kwarg(ci));
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, ci, nci);
+    return nci;
+}
+
 static int
 iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcallopt)
 {
-    INSN *iobj = (INSN *)list;
+    INSN *const iobj = (INSN *)list;
+
   again:
-    if (iobj->insn_id == BIN(jump)) {
-	INSN *niobj, *diobj, *piobj;
-	/*
-	 *  useless jump elimination:
-	 *     jump LABEL1
-	 *     ...
-	 *   LABEL1:
-	 *     jump LABEL2
-	 *
-	 *   => in this case, first jump instruction should jump to
-	 *      LABEL2 directly
-	 */
+    optimize_checktype(iseq, iobj);
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, jump)) {
+        INSN *niobj, *diobj, *piobj;
 	diobj = (INSN *)get_destination_insn(iobj);
 	niobj = (INSN *)get_next_insn(iobj);
 
@@ -1729,15 +2893,29 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
 	     * =>
 	     *   LABEL:
 	     */
-	    REMOVE_ELEM(&iobj->link);
-	}
-	else if (iobj != diobj && diobj->insn_id == BIN(jump)) {
-	    if (OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0) != OPERAND_AT(diobj, 0)) {
-		OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0) = OPERAND_AT(diobj, 0);
-		goto again;
-	    }
+	    unref_destination(iobj, 0);
+	    ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+	    return COMPILE_OK;
+	}
+        else if (iobj != diobj && IS_INSN(&diobj->link) &&
+                 IS_INSN_ID(diobj, jump) &&
+		 OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0) != OPERAND_AT(diobj, 0) &&
+                 diobj->insn_info.events == 0) {
+	    /*
+	     *  useless jump elimination:
+	     *     jump LABEL1
+	     *     ...
+	     *   LABEL1:
+	     *     jump LABEL2
+	     *
+	     *   => in this case, first jump instruction should jump to
+	     *      LABEL2 directly
+	     */
+	    replace_destination(iobj, diobj);
+	    remove_unreachable_chunk(iseq, iobj->link.next);
+	    goto again;
 	}
-	else if (diobj->insn_id == BIN(leave)) {
+        else if (IS_INSN_ID(diobj, leave)) {
 	    /*
 	     *  jump LABEL
 	     *  ...
@@ -1749,43 +2927,107 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
 	     * LABEL:
 	     *  leave
 	     */
-	    INSN *eiobj = new_insn_core(iseq, iobj->line_no, BIN(leave),
-					diobj->operand_size, diobj->operands);
-	    INSN *popiobj = new_insn_core(iseq, iobj->line_no,
-					  BIN(pop), 0, 0);
 	    /* replace */
-	    REPLACE_ELEM((LINK_ELEMENT *)iobj, (LINK_ELEMENT *)eiobj);
-	    INSERT_ELEM_NEXT((LINK_ELEMENT *)eiobj, (LINK_ELEMENT *)popiobj);
-	    iobj = popiobj;
-	}
-	/*
-	 * useless jump elimination (if/unless destination):
-	 *   if   L1
-	 *   jump L2
-	 * L1:
-	 *   ...
-	 * L2:
-	 *
-	 * ==>
-	 *   unless L2
-	 * L1:
-	 *   ...
-	 * L2:
-	 */
-	else if ((piobj = (INSN *)get_prev_insn(iobj)) != 0 &&
-		 (piobj->insn_id == BIN(branchif) ||
-		  piobj->insn_id == BIN(branchunless))) {
-	    if (niobj == (INSN *)get_destination_insn(piobj)) {
-		piobj->insn_id = (piobj->insn_id == BIN(branchif))
+	    unref_destination(iobj, 0);
+            iobj->insn_id = BIN(leave);
+	    iobj->operand_size = 0;
+	    iobj->insn_info = diobj->insn_info;
+	    goto again;
+	}
+        else if (IS_INSN(iobj->link.prev) &&
+                 (piobj = (INSN *)iobj->link.prev) &&
+		 (IS_INSN_ID(piobj, branchif) ||
+		  IS_INSN_ID(piobj, branchunless))) {
+	    INSN *pdiobj = (INSN *)get_destination_insn(piobj);
+	    if (niobj == pdiobj) {
+		int refcnt = IS_LABEL(piobj->link.next) ?
+		    ((LABEL *)piobj->link.next)->refcnt : 0;
+		/*
+		 * useless jump elimination (if/unless destination):
+		 *   if   L1
+		 *   jump L2
+		 * L1:
+		 *   ...
+		 * L2:
+		 *
+		 * ==>
+		 *   unless L2
+		 * L1:
+		 *   ...
+		 * L2:
+		 */
+		piobj->insn_id = (IS_INSN_ID(piobj, branchif))
 		  ? BIN(branchunless) : BIN(branchif);
-		OPERAND_AT(piobj, 0) = OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0);
-		REMOVE_ELEM(&iobj->link);
+		replace_destination(piobj, iobj);
+		if (refcnt <= 1) {
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+		}
+		else {
+		    /* TODO: replace other branch destinations too */
+		}
+		return COMPILE_OK;
+	    }
+	    else if (diobj == pdiobj) {
+		/*
+		 * useless jump elimination (if/unless before jump):
+		 * L1:
+		 *   ...
+		 *   if   L1
+		 *   jump L1
+		 *
+		 * ==>
+		 * L1:
+		 *   ...
+		 *   pop
+		 *   jump L1
+		 */
+		INSN *popiobj = new_insn_core(iseq, iobj->insn_info.line_no,
+					      BIN(pop), 0, 0);
+		ELEM_REPLACE(&piobj->link, &popiobj->link);
 	    }
 	}
+	if (remove_unreachable_chunk(iseq, iobj->link.next)) {
+	    goto again;
+	}
     }
 
-    if (iobj->insn_id == BIN(branchif) ||
-	iobj->insn_id == BIN(branchunless)) {
+    /*
+     * putstring "beg"
+     * putstring "end"
+     * newrange excl
+     *
+     * ==>
+     *
+     * putobject "beg".."end"
+     */
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, checkmatch)) {
+        INSN *range = (INSN *)get_prev_insn(iobj);
+        INSN *beg, *end;
+        VALUE str_beg, str_end;
+
+	if (range && IS_INSN_ID(range, newrange) &&
+                (end = (INSN *)get_prev_insn(range)) != 0 &&
+                is_frozen_putstring(end, &str_end) &&
+                (beg = (INSN *)get_prev_insn(end)) != 0 &&
+                is_frozen_putstring(beg, &str_beg)) {
+	    int excl = FIX2INT(OPERAND_AT(range, 0));
+	    VALUE lit_range = rb_range_new(str_beg, str_end, excl);
+
+	    ELEM_REMOVE(&beg->link);
+	    ELEM_REMOVE(&end->link);
+	    range->insn_id = BIN(putobject);
+	    OPERAND_AT(range, 0) = lit_range;
+	    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, lit_range);
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, leave)) {
+	remove_unreachable_chunk(iseq, iobj->link.next);
+    }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, branchif) ||
+	IS_INSN_ID(iobj, branchnil) ||
+	IS_INSN_ID(iobj, branchunless)) {
 	/*
 	 *   if L1
 	 *   ...
@@ -1795,45 +3037,385 @@ iseq_peephole_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ELEMENT *list, const int do_tailcal
 	 *   if L2
 	 */
 	INSN *nobj = (INSN *)get_destination_insn(iobj);
-	if (nobj->insn_id == BIN(jump)) {
-	    OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0) = OPERAND_AT(nobj, 0);
+
+        /* This is super nasty hack!!!
+         *
+         * This jump-jump optimization may ignore event flags of the jump
+         * instruction being skipped.  Actually, Line 2 TracePoint event
+         * is never fired in the following code:
+         *
+         *   1: raise if 1 == 2
+         *   2: while true
+         *   3:   break
+         *   4: end
+         *
+         * This is critical for coverage measurement.  [Bug #15980]
+         *
+         * This is a stopgap measure: stop the jump-jump optimization if
+         * coverage measurement is enabled and if the skipped instruction
+         * has any event flag.
+         *
+         * Note that, still, TracePoint Line event does not occur on Line 2.
+         * This should be fixed in future.
+         */
+        int stop_optimization =
+	    ISEQ_COVERAGE(iseq) && ISEQ_LINE_COVERAGE(iseq) &&
+            nobj->insn_info.events;
+	if (!stop_optimization) {
+            INSN *pobj = (INSN *)iobj->link.prev;
+            int prev_dup = 0;
+            if (pobj) {
+                if (!IS_INSN(&pobj->link))
+                    pobj = 0;
+                else if (IS_INSN_ID(pobj, dup))
+                    prev_dup = 1;
+            }
+
+            for (;;) {
+                if (IS_INSN(&nobj->link) && IS_INSN_ID(nobj, jump)) {
+                    replace_destination(iobj, nobj);
+                }
+                else if (prev_dup && IS_INSN_ID(nobj, dup) &&
+                         !!(nobj = (INSN *)nobj->link.next) &&
+                         /* basic blocks, with no labels in the middle */
+                         nobj->insn_id == iobj->insn_id) {
+                    /*
+                     *   dup
+                     *   if L1
+                     *   ...
+                     * L1:
+                     *   dup
+                     *   if L2
+                     * =>
+                     *   dup
+                     *   if L2
+                     *   ...
+                     * L1:
+                     *   dup
+                     *   if L2
+                     */
+                    replace_destination(iobj, nobj);
+                }
+                else if (pobj) {
+                    /*
+                     *   putnil
+                     *   if L1
+                     * =>
+                     *   # nothing
+                     *
+                     *   putobject true
+                     *   if L1
+                     * =>
+                     *   jump L1
+                     *
+                     *   putstring ".."
+                     *   if L1
+                     * =>
+                     *   jump L1
+                     *
+                     *   putstring ".."
+                     *   dup
+                     *   if L1
+                     * =>
+                     *   putstring ".."
+                     *   jump L1
+                     *
+                     */
+                    int cond;
+                    if (prev_dup && IS_INSN(pobj->link.prev)) {
+                        pobj = (INSN *)pobj->link.prev;
+                    }
+                    if (IS_INSN_ID(pobj, putobject)) {
+                        cond = (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, branchif) ?
+                                OPERAND_AT(pobj, 0) != Qfalse :
+                                IS_INSN_ID(iobj, branchunless) ?
+                                OPERAND_AT(pobj, 0) == Qfalse :
+                                FALSE);
+                    }
+                    else if (IS_INSN_ID(pobj, putstring) ||
+                             IS_INSN_ID(pobj, duparray) ||
+                             IS_INSN_ID(pobj, newarray)) {
+                        cond = IS_INSN_ID(iobj, branchif);
+                    }
+                    else if (IS_INSN_ID(pobj, putnil)) {
+                        cond = !IS_INSN_ID(iobj, branchif);
+                    }
+                    else break;
+                    if (prev_dup || !IS_INSN_ID(pobj, newarray)) {
+                        ELEM_REMOVE(iobj->link.prev);
+                    }
+                    else if (!iseq_pop_newarray(iseq, pobj)) {
+                        pobj = new_insn_core(iseq, pobj->insn_info.line_no, BIN(pop), 0, NULL);
+                        ELEM_INSERT_PREV(&iobj->link, &pobj->link);
+                    }
+                    if (cond) {
+                        if (prev_dup) {
+                            pobj = new_insn_core(iseq, pobj->insn_info.line_no, BIN(putnil), 0, NULL);
+                            ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(&iobj->link, &pobj->link);
+                        }
+                        iobj->insn_id = BIN(jump);
+                        goto again;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        unref_destination(iobj, 0);
+                        ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                else break;
+                nobj = (INSN *)get_destination_insn(nobj);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, pop)) {
+	/*
+	 *  putself / putnil / putobject obj / putstring "..."
+	 *  pop
+	 * =>
+	 *  # do nothing
+	 */
+	LINK_ELEMENT *prev = iobj->link.prev;
+	if (IS_INSN(prev)) {
+	    enum ruby_vminsn_type previ = ((INSN *)prev)->insn_id;
+	    if (previ == BIN(putobject) || previ == BIN(putnil) ||
+		previ == BIN(putself) || previ == BIN(putstring) ||
+		previ == BIN(dup) ||
+		previ == BIN(getlocal) ||
+		previ == BIN(getblockparam) ||
+		previ == BIN(getblockparamproxy) ||
+		/* getinstancevariable may issue a warning */
+		previ == BIN(duparray)) {
+		/* just push operand or static value and pop soon, no
+		 * side effects */
+		ELEM_REMOVE(prev);
+		ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+	    }
+	    else if (previ == BIN(newarray) && iseq_pop_newarray(iseq, (INSN*)prev)) {
+		ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+	    }
+	    else if (previ == BIN(concatarray)) {
+		INSN *piobj = (INSN *)prev;
+		INSERT_BEFORE_INSN1(piobj, piobj->insn_info.line_no, splatarray, Qfalse);
+		INSN_OF(piobj) = BIN(pop);
+	    }
+	    else if (previ == BIN(concatstrings)) {
+		if (OPERAND_AT(prev, 0) == INT2FIX(1)) {
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(prev);
+		}
+		else {
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+		    INSN_OF(prev) = BIN(adjuststack);
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, newarray) ||
+	IS_INSN_ID(iobj, duparray) ||
+	IS_INSN_ID(iobj, expandarray) ||
+	IS_INSN_ID(iobj, concatarray) ||
+	IS_INSN_ID(iobj, splatarray) ||
+	0) {
+	/*
+	 *  newarray N
+	 *  splatarray
+	 * =>
+	 *  newarray N
+	 * newarray always puts an array
+	 */
+	LINK_ELEMENT *next = iobj->link.next;
+	if (IS_INSN(next) && IS_INSN_ID(next, splatarray)) {
+	    /* remove splatarray following always-array insn */
+	    ELEM_REMOVE(next);
 	}
     }
 
-    if (do_tailcallopt && iobj->insn_id == BIN(leave)) {
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, tostring)) {
+	LINK_ELEMENT *next = iobj->link.next;
+	/*
+	 *  tostring
+	 *  concatstrings 1
+	 * =>
+	 *  tostring
+	 */
+	if (IS_INSN(next) && IS_INSN_ID(next, concatstrings) &&
+	    OPERAND_AT(next, 0) == INT2FIX(1)) {
+	    ELEM_REMOVE(next);
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, putstring) ||
+	(IS_INSN_ID(iobj, putobject) && RB_TYPE_P(OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0), T_STRING))) {
+	/*
+	 *  putstring ""
+	 *  concatstrings N
+	 * =>
+	 *  concatstrings N-1
+	 */
+	if (IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(&iobj->link, concatstrings) &&
+	    RSTRING_LEN(OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0)) == 0) {
+	    INSN *next = (INSN *)iobj->link.next;
+	    if ((OPERAND_AT(next, 0) = FIXNUM_INC(OPERAND_AT(next, 0), -1)) == INT2FIX(1)) {
+		ELEM_REMOVE(&next->link);
+	    }
+	    ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, concatstrings)) {
+	/*
+	 *  concatstrings N
+	 *  concatstrings M
+	 * =>
+	 *  concatstrings N+M-1
+	 */
+	LINK_ELEMENT *next = iobj->link.next;
+	INSN *jump = 0;
+	if (IS_INSN(next) && IS_INSN_ID(next, jump))
+	    next = get_destination_insn(jump = (INSN *)next);
+	if (IS_INSN(next) && IS_INSN_ID(next, concatstrings)) {
+	    int n = FIX2INT(OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0)) + FIX2INT(OPERAND_AT(next, 0)) - 1;
+	    OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0) = INT2FIX(n);
+	    if (jump) {
+		LABEL *label = ((LABEL *)OPERAND_AT(jump, 0));
+		if (!--label->refcnt) {
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(&label->link);
+		}
+		else {
+		    label = NEW_LABEL(0);
+		    OPERAND_AT(jump, 0) = (VALUE)label;
+		}
+		label->refcnt++;
+		ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(next, &label->link);
+		CHECK(iseq_peephole_optimize(iseq, get_next_insn(jump), do_tailcallopt));
+	    }
+	    else {
+		ELEM_REMOVE(next);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (do_tailcallopt &&
+	(IS_INSN_ID(iobj, send) ||
+	 IS_INSN_ID(iobj, opt_aref_with) ||
+	 IS_INSN_ID(iobj, opt_aset_with) ||
+	 IS_INSN_ID(iobj, invokesuper))) {
 	/*
 	 *  send ...
 	 *  leave
 	 * =>
-	 *  send ..., ... | VM_CALL_TAILCALL_BIT, ...
+	 *  send ..., ... | VM_CALL_TAILCALL, ...
 	 *  leave # unreachable
 	 */
-	INSN *piobj = (INSN *)get_prev_insn((INSN *)list);
+	INSN *piobj = NULL;
+	if (iobj->link.next) {
+	    LINK_ELEMENT *next = iobj->link.next;
+	    do {
+		if (!IS_INSN(next)) {
+		    next = next->next;
+		    continue;
+		}
+		switch (INSN_OF(next)) {
+		  case BIN(nop):
+		    next = next->next;
+		    break;
+		  case BIN(jump):
+		    /* if cond
+		     *   return tailcall
+		     * end
+		     */
+		    next = get_destination_insn((INSN *)next);
+		    break;
+		  case BIN(leave):
+		    piobj = iobj;
+                    /* fall through */
+		  default:
+		    next = NULL;
+		    break;
+		}
+	    } while (next);
+	}
 
-	if (piobj->insn_id == BIN(send) &&
-	    piobj->operands[2] == 0 /* block */
-	    ) {
-	    piobj->operands[3] = FIXNUM_OR(piobj->operands[3], VM_CALL_TAILCALL_BIT);
+	if (piobj) {
+            const struct rb_callinfo *ci = (struct rb_callinfo *)OPERAND_AT(piobj, 0);
+	    if (IS_INSN_ID(piobj, send) ||
+                IS_INSN_ID(piobj, invokesuper)) {
+                if (OPERAND_AT(piobj, 1) == 0) { /* no blockiseq */
+                    ci = ci_flag_set(iseq, ci, VM_CALL_TAILCALL);
+                    OPERAND_AT(piobj, 0) = (VALUE)ci;
+                    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, ci);
+		}
+	    }
+	    else {
+                ci = ci_flag_set(iseq, ci, VM_CALL_TAILCALL);
+                OPERAND_AT(piobj, 0) = (VALUE)ci;
+                RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, ci);
+	    }
 	}
     }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, dup)) {
+	if (IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(&iobj->link, setlocal)) {
+	    LINK_ELEMENT *set1 = iobj->link.next, *set2 = NULL;
+	    if (IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(set1, setlocal)) {
+		set2 = set1->next;
+		if (OPERAND_AT(set1, 0) == OPERAND_AT(set2, 0) &&
+		    OPERAND_AT(set1, 1) == OPERAND_AT(set2, 1)) {
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(set1);
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(&iobj->link);
+		}
+	    }
+	    else if (IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(set1, dup) &&
+		     IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(set1->next, setlocal)) {
+		set2 = set1->next->next;
+		if (OPERAND_AT(set1, 0) == OPERAND_AT(set2, 0) &&
+		    OPERAND_AT(set1, 1) == OPERAND_AT(set2, 1)) {
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(set1->next);
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(set2);
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, getlocal)) {
+	LINK_ELEMENT *niobj = &iobj->link;
+	if (IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(niobj, dup)) {
+	    niobj = niobj->next;
+	}
+	if (IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(niobj, setlocal)) {
+	    LINK_ELEMENT *set1 = niobj->next;
+	    if (OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0) == OPERAND_AT(set1, 0) &&
+		OPERAND_AT(iobj, 1) == OPERAND_AT(set1, 1)) {
+		ELEM_REMOVE(set1);
+		ELEM_REMOVE(niobj);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, opt_invokebuiltin_delegate)) {
+        if (IS_TRACE(iobj->link.next)) {
+            if (IS_NEXT_INSN_ID(iobj->link.next, leave)) {
+                iobj->insn_id = BIN(opt_invokebuiltin_delegate_leave);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
 static int
 insn_set_specialized_instruction(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj, int insn_id)
 {
-    int i, old_opsize = iobj->operand_size;
-
     iobj->insn_id = insn_id;
     iobj->operand_size = insn_len(insn_id) - 1;
-    /* printf("iobj->operand_size: %d\n", iobj->operand_size); */
-
-    if (iobj->operand_size > old_opsize) {
-	iobj->operands = (VALUE *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, iobj->operand_size);
-    }
 
-    for (i=0; i<iobj->operand_size; i++) {
-	iobj->operands[i] = INT2FIX(iseq->ic_size++);
+    if (insn_id == BIN(opt_neq)) {
+	VALUE *old_operands = iobj->operands;
+        iobj->operand_size = 2;
+        iobj->operands = compile_data_calloc2(iseq, iobj->operand_size, sizeof(VALUE));
+        iobj->operands[0] = (VALUE)new_callinfo(iseq, idEq, 1, 0, NULL, FALSE);
+        iobj->operands[1] = old_operands[0];
     }
 
     return COMPILE_OK;
@@ -1842,90 +3424,119 @@ insn_set_specialized_instruction(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj, int insn_id)
 static int
 iseq_specialized_instruction(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj)
 {
-    if (iobj->insn_id == BIN(send)) {
-	ID mid = SYM2ID(OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0));
-	int argc = FIX2INT(OPERAND_AT(iobj, 1));
-	VALUE block = OPERAND_AT(iobj, 2);
-	VALUE flag = OPERAND_AT(iobj, 3);
-
-	/* TODO: should be more sophisticated search */
-	if (block == 0 && flag == INT2FIX(0)) {
-	    if (argc == 0) {
-		if (mid == idLength) {
-		    insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_length));
-		}
-		else if (mid == idSize) {
-		    insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_size));
-		}
-		else if (mid == idSucc) {
-		    insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_succ));
-		}
-		else if (mid == idNot) {
-		    insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_not));
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, newarray) && iobj->link.next &&
+	IS_INSN(iobj->link.next)) {
+	/*
+	 *   [a, b, ...].max/min -> a, b, c, opt_newarray_max/min
+	 */
+	INSN *niobj = (INSN *)iobj->link.next;
+	if (IS_INSN_ID(niobj, send)) {
+            const struct rb_callinfo *ci = (struct rb_callinfo *)OPERAND_AT(niobj, 0);
+            if ((vm_ci_flag(ci) & VM_CALL_ARGS_SIMPLE) && vm_ci_argc(ci) == 0) {
+		switch (vm_ci_mid(ci)) {
+		  case idMax:
+		    iobj->insn_id = BIN(opt_newarray_max);
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(&niobj->link);
+		    return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idMin:
+		    iobj->insn_id = BIN(opt_newarray_min);
+		    ELEM_REMOVE(&niobj->link);
+		    return COMPILE_OK;
 		}
 	    }
-	    else if (argc == 1) {
-		if (0) {
-		}
-		else if (mid == idPLUS) {
-		    insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_plus));
-		}
-		else if (mid == idMINUS) {
-		    insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_minus));
-		}
-		else if (mid == idMULT) {
-		    insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_mult));
-		}
-		else if (mid == idDIV) {
-		    insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_div));
-		}
-		else if (mid == idMOD) {
-		    insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_mod));
-		}
-		else if (mid == idEq) {
-		    insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_eq));
-		}
-		else if (mid == idNeq) {
-		    insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_neq));
-		}
-		else if (mid == idLT) {
-		    insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_lt));
-		}
-		else if (mid == idLE) {
-		    insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_le));
-		}
-		else if (mid == idGT) {
-		    insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_gt));
-		}
-		else if (mid == idGE) {
-		    insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_ge));
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (IS_INSN_ID(iobj, send)) {
+        const struct rb_callinfo *ci = (struct rb_callinfo *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0);
+        const rb_iseq_t *blockiseq = (rb_iseq_t *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, 1);
+
+#define SP_INSN(opt) insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_##opt))
+	if (vm_ci_flag(ci) & VM_CALL_ARGS_SIMPLE) {
+	    switch (vm_ci_argc(ci)) {
+	      case 0:
+		switch (vm_ci_mid(ci)) {
+		  case idLength: SP_INSN(length); return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idSize:	 SP_INSN(size);	  return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idEmptyP: SP_INSN(empty_p);return COMPILE_OK;
+                  case idNilP:   SP_INSN(nil_p);  return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idSucc:	 SP_INSN(succ);	  return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idNot:	 SP_INSN(not);	  return COMPILE_OK;
 		}
-		else if (mid == idLTLT) {
-		    insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_ltlt));
+		break;
+	      case 1:
+		switch (vm_ci_mid(ci)) {
+		  case idPLUS:	 SP_INSN(plus);	  return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idMINUS:	 SP_INSN(minus);  return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idMULT:	 SP_INSN(mult);	  return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idDIV:	 SP_INSN(div);	  return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idMOD:	 SP_INSN(mod);	  return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idEq:	 SP_INSN(eq);	  return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idNeq:	 SP_INSN(neq);	  return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idEqTilde:SP_INSN(regexpmatch2);return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idLT:	 SP_INSN(lt);	  return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idLE:	 SP_INSN(le);	  return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idGT:	 SP_INSN(gt);	  return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idGE:	 SP_INSN(ge);	  return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idLTLT:	 SP_INSN(ltlt);	  return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idAREF:	 SP_INSN(aref);	  return COMPILE_OK;
+                  case idAnd:    SP_INSN(and);    return COMPILE_OK;
+                  case idOr:     SP_INSN(or);    return COMPILE_OK;
 		}
-		else if (mid == idAREF) {
-		    insn_set_specialized_instruction(iseq, iobj, BIN(opt_aref));
+		break;
+	      case 2:
+		switch (vm_ci_mid(ci)) {
+		  case idASET:	 SP_INSN(aset);	  return COMPILE_OK;
 		}
+		break;
 	    }
 	}
+
+	if ((vm_ci_flag(ci) & VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG) == 0 && blockiseq == NULL) {
+	    iobj->insn_id = BIN(opt_send_without_block);
+	    iobj->operand_size = insn_len(iobj->insn_id) - 1;
+	}
     }
+#undef SP_INSN
+
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
+static inline int
+tailcallable_p(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    switch (iseq->body->type) {
+      case ISEQ_TYPE_TOP:
+      case ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL:
+      case ISEQ_TYPE_MAIN:
+	/* not tail callable because cfp will be over popped */
+      case ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE:
+      case ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE:
+	/* rescue block can't tail call because of errinfo */
+	return FALSE;
+      default:
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+}
+
 static int
-iseq_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+iseq_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
     LINK_ELEMENT *list;
-    const int do_peepholeopt = iseq->compile_data->option->peephole_optimization;
-    const int do_tailcallopt = iseq->compile_data->option->tailcall_optimization;
-    const int do_si = iseq->compile_data->option->specialized_instruction;
-    const int do_ou = iseq->compile_data->option->operands_unification;
+    const int do_peepholeopt = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->peephole_optimization;
+    const int do_tailcallopt = tailcallable_p(iseq) &&
+	ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->tailcall_optimization;
+    const int do_si = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->specialized_instruction;
+    const int do_ou = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->operands_unification;
+    int rescue_level = 0;
+    int tailcallopt = do_tailcallopt;
+
     list = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor);
 
     while (list) {
-	if (list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN) {
+	if (IS_INSN(list)) {
 	    if (do_peepholeopt) {
-		iseq_peephole_optimize(iseq, list, do_tailcallopt);
+		iseq_peephole_optimize(iseq, list, tailcallopt);
 	    }
 	    if (do_si) {
 		iseq_specialized_instruction(iseq, (INSN *)list);
@@ -1934,6 +3545,17 @@ iseq_optimize(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 		insn_operands_unification((INSN *)list);
 	    }
 	}
+	if (IS_LABEL(list)) {
+	    switch (((LABEL *)list)->rescued) {
+	      case LABEL_RESCUE_BEG:
+		rescue_level++;
+		tailcallopt = FALSE;
+		break;
+	      case LABEL_RESCUE_END:
+		if (!--rescue_level) tailcallopt = do_tailcallopt;
+		break;
+	    }
+	}
 	list = list->next;
     }
     return COMPILE_OK;
@@ -1958,8 +3580,7 @@ new_unified_insn(rb_iseq_t *iseq,
     }
 
     if (argc > 0) {
-	ptr = operands =
-	    (VALUE *)compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(VALUE) * argc);
+	ptr = operands = compile_data_alloc2(iseq, sizeof(VALUE), argc);
     }
 
     /* copy operands */
@@ -1971,7 +3592,7 @@ new_unified_insn(rb_iseq_t *iseq,
 	list = list->next;
     }
 
-    return new_insn_core(iseq, iobj->line_no, insn_id, argc, operands);
+    return new_insn_core(iseq, iobj->insn_info.line_no, insn_id, argc, operands);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -1981,7 +3602,7 @@ new_unified_insn(rb_iseq_t *iseq,
  * It's future work (if compile time was bottle neck).
  */
 static int
-iseq_insns_unification(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+iseq_insns_unification(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
 #if OPT_INSTRUCTIONS_UNIFICATION
     LINK_ELEMENT *list;
@@ -1991,7 +3612,7 @@ iseq_insns_unification(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 
     list = FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor);
     while (list) {
-	if (list->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN) {
+	if (IS_INSN(list)) {
 	    iobj = (INSN *)list;
 	    id = iobj->insn_id;
 	    if (unified_insns_data[id] != 0) {
@@ -2000,7 +3621,7 @@ iseq_insns_unification(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 		    const int *unified = entry[j];
 		    LINK_ELEMENT *li = list->next;
 		    for (k = 2; k < unified[1]; k++) {
-			if (li->type != ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN ||
+			if (!IS_INSN(li) ||
 			    ((INSN *)li)->insn_id != unified[k]) {
 			    goto miss;
 			}
@@ -2039,7 +3660,7 @@ iseq_insns_unification(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 #include "opt_sc.inc"
 
 static int
-insn_set_sc_state(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj, int state)
+insn_set_sc_state(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const LINK_ELEMENT *anchor, INSN *iobj, int state)
 {
     int nstate;
     int insn_id;
@@ -2054,12 +3675,12 @@ insn_set_sc_state(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj, int state)
 
 	if (lobj->sc_state != 0) {
 	    if (lobj->sc_state != nstate) {
-		dump_disasm_list((LINK_ELEMENT *)iobj);
-		dump_disasm_list((LINK_ELEMENT *)lobj);
-		printf("\n-- %d, %d\n", lobj->sc_state, nstate);
-		rb_compile_error(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->filename), iobj->line_no,
-				 "insn_set_sc_state error\n");
-		return 0;
+		BADINSN_DUMP(anchor, iobj, lobj);
+		COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, iobj->insn_info.line_no,
+			      "insn_set_sc_state error: %d at "LABEL_FORMAT
+			      ", %d expected\n",
+			      lobj->sc_state, lobj->label_no, nstate);
+		return COMPILE_NG;
 	    }
 	}
 	else {
@@ -2095,7 +3716,7 @@ label_set_sc_state(LABEL *lobj, int state)
 #endif
 
 static int
-iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
+iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor)
 {
 #if OPT_STACK_CACHING
     LINK_ELEMENT *list;
@@ -2126,7 +3747,7 @@ iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 				new_insn_body(iseq, 0, BIN(reput), 0);
 
 			    /* replace this insn */
-			    REPLACE_ELEM(list, (LINK_ELEMENT *)rpobj);
+			    ELEM_REPLACE(list, (LINK_ELEMENT *)rpobj);
 			    list = (LINK_ELEMENT *)rpobj;
 			    goto redo_point;
 			}
@@ -2137,7 +3758,7 @@ iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 			if (state == SCS_AB || state == SCS_BA) {
 			    state = (state == SCS_AB ? SCS_BA : SCS_AB);
 
-			    REMOVE_ELEM(list);
+			    ELEM_REMOVE(list);
 			    list = list->next;
 			    goto redo_point;
 			}
@@ -2159,11 +3780,12 @@ iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 			  case SCS_XX:
 			    goto normal_insn;
 			  default:
-			    rb_compile_error(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->filename), iobj->line_no,
-					     "unreachable");
+			    COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, iobj->insn_info.line_no,
+					  "unreachable");
+			    return COMPILE_NG;
 			}
 			/* remove useless pop */
-			REMOVE_ELEM(list);
+			ELEM_REMOVE(list);
 			list = list->next;
 			goto redo_point;
 		    }
@@ -2171,7 +3793,7 @@ iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
 		    /* none */
 		}		/* end of switch */
 	      normal_insn:
-		state = insn_set_sc_state(iseq, iobj, state);
+		state = insn_set_sc_state(iseq, anchor, iobj, state);
 		break;
 	    }
 	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL:
@@ -2190,164 +3812,678 @@ iseq_set_sequence_stackcaching(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor)
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
-
+static int
+all_string_result_p(const NODE *node)
+{
+    if (!node) return FALSE;
+    switch (nd_type(node)) {
+      case NODE_STR: case NODE_DSTR:
+	return TRUE;
+      case NODE_IF: case NODE_UNLESS:
+	if (!node->nd_body || !node->nd_else) return FALSE;
+	if (all_string_result_p(node->nd_body))
+	    return all_string_result_p(node->nd_else);
+	return FALSE;
+      case NODE_AND: case NODE_OR:
+	if (!node->nd_2nd)
+	    return all_string_result_p(node->nd_1st);
+	if (!all_string_result_p(node->nd_1st))
+	    return FALSE;
+	return all_string_result_p(node->nd_2nd);
+      default:
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+}
 
 static int
-compile_dstr_fragments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int *cntp)
+compile_dstr_fragments(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int *cntp)
 {
-    NODE *list = node->nd_next;
+    const NODE *list = node->nd_next;
     VALUE lit = node->nd_lit;
+    LINK_ELEMENT *first_lit = 0;
     int cnt = 0;
 
     debugp_param("nd_lit", lit);
     if (!NIL_P(lit)) {
-	hide_obj(lit);
 	cnt++;
+	if (!RB_TYPE_P(lit, T_STRING)) {
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "dstr: must be string: %s",
+			  rb_builtin_type_name(TYPE(lit)));
+	    return COMPILE_NG;
+	}
+	lit = rb_fstring(lit);
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, lit);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, lit);
+	if (RSTRING_LEN(lit) == 0) first_lit = LAST_ELEMENT(ret);
     }
 
     while (list) {
-	COMPILE(ret, "each string", list->nd_head);
+	const NODE *const head = list->nd_head;
+	if (nd_type(head) == NODE_STR) {
+	    lit = rb_fstring(head->nd_lit);
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(head), putobject, lit);
+            RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, lit);
+	    lit = Qnil;
+	}
+	else {
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "each string", head));
+	}
 	cnt++;
 	list = list->nd_next;
     }
+    if (NIL_P(lit) && first_lit) {
+	ELEM_REMOVE(first_lit);
+	--cnt;
+    }
     *cntp = cnt;
 
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
 static int
-compile_dstr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node)
+compile_dstr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node)
 {
     int cnt;
-    compile_dstr_fragments(iseq, ret, node, &cnt);
-    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), concatstrings, INT2FIX(cnt));
+    if (!node->nd_next) {
+        VALUE lit = rb_fstring(node->nd_lit);
+        const int line = (int)nd_line(node);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putstring, lit);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, lit);
+    }
+    else {
+        CHECK(compile_dstr_fragments(iseq, ret, node, &cnt));
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), concatstrings, INT2FIX(cnt));
+    }
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
 static int
-compile_dregx(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node)
+compile_dregx(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node)
 {
     int cnt;
-    compile_dstr_fragments(iseq, ret, node, &cnt);
+    CHECK(compile_dstr_fragments(iseq, ret, node, &cnt));
     ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), toregexp, INT2FIX(node->nd_cflag), INT2FIX(cnt));
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
 static int
-compile_branch_condition(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * cond,
+compile_flip_flop(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int again,
+		  LABEL *then_label, LABEL *else_label)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    rb_num_t cnt = ISEQ_FLIP_CNT_INCREMENT(iseq->body->local_iseq)
+	+ VM_SVAR_FLIPFLOP_START;
+    VALUE key = INT2FIX(cnt);
+
+    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getspecial, key, INT2FIX(0));
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, lend);
+
+    /* *flip == 0 */
+    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "flip2 beg", node->nd_beg));
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, else_label);
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qtrue);
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setspecial, key);
+    if (!again) {
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, then_label);
+    }
+
+    /* *flip == 1 */
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
+    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "flip2 end", node->nd_end));
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, then_label);
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qfalse);
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setspecial, key);
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, then_label);
+
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_branch_condition(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *cond,
 			 LABEL *then_label, LABEL *else_label)
 {
+  again:
     switch (nd_type(cond)) {
       case NODE_AND:
 	{
 	    LABEL *label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(cond));
-	    compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, cond->nd_1st, label,
-				     else_label);
+	    CHECK(compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, cond->nd_1st, label,
+					   else_label));
+            if (!label->refcnt) {
+                ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(cond), putnil);
+                break;
+            }
 	    ADD_LABEL(ret, label);
-	    compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, cond->nd_2nd, then_label,
-				     else_label);
-	    break;
+	    cond = cond->nd_2nd;
+	    goto again;
 	}
       case NODE_OR:
 	{
 	    LABEL *label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(cond));
-	    compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, cond->nd_1st, then_label,
-				     label);
+	    CHECK(compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, cond->nd_1st, then_label,
+					   label));
+            if (!label->refcnt) {
+                ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(cond), putnil);
+                break;
+            }
 	    ADD_LABEL(ret, label);
-	    compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, cond->nd_2nd, then_label,
-				     else_label);
-	    break;
+	    cond = cond->nd_2nd;
+	    goto again;
 	}
-      case NODE_LIT:		/* NODE_LIT is always not true */
+      case NODE_LIT:		/* NODE_LIT is always true */
       case NODE_TRUE:
       case NODE_STR:
+      case NODE_ZLIST:
+      case NODE_LAMBDA:
 	/* printf("useless condition eliminate (%s)\n",  ruby_node_name(nd_type(cond))); */
 	ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(cond), jump, then_label);
-	break;
+        return COMPILE_OK;
       case NODE_FALSE:
       case NODE_NIL:
 	/* printf("useless condition eliminate (%s)\n", ruby_node_name(nd_type(cond))); */
 	ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(cond), jump, else_label);
-	break;
-      default:
-	COMPILE(ret, "branch condition", cond);
-	ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(cond), branchunless, else_label);
+        return COMPILE_OK;
+      case NODE_LIST:
+      case NODE_ARGSCAT:
+      case NODE_DREGX:
+      case NODE_DSTR:
+	CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ret, "branch condition", cond));
 	ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(cond), jump, then_label);
-	break;
+        return COMPILE_OK;
+      case NODE_FLIP2:
+	CHECK(compile_flip_flop(iseq, ret, cond, TRUE, then_label, else_label));
+        return COMPILE_OK;
+      case NODE_FLIP3:
+	CHECK(compile_flip_flop(iseq, ret, cond, FALSE, then_label, else_label));
+        return COMPILE_OK;
+      case NODE_DEFINED:
+	CHECK(compile_defined_expr(iseq, ret, cond, Qfalse));
+        break;
+      default:
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "branch condition", cond));
+        break;
     }
+
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(cond), branchunless, else_label);
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(cond), jump, then_label);
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
+#define HASH_BRACE 1
+
 static int
-compile_array_(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE* node_root,
-	       VALUE opt_p, int poped)
+keyword_node_p(const NODE *const node)
 {
-    NODE *node = node_root;
-    int len = (int)node->nd_alen, line = (int)nd_line(node), i=0;
-    DECL_ANCHOR(anchor);
+    return nd_type(node) == NODE_HASH && (node->nd_brace & HASH_BRACE) != HASH_BRACE;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_keyword_arg(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret,
+			  const NODE *const root_node,
+			  struct rb_callinfo_kwarg **const kw_arg_ptr,
+			  unsigned int *flag)
+{
+    if (kw_arg_ptr == NULL) return FALSE;
+
+    if (root_node->nd_head && nd_type(root_node->nd_head) == NODE_LIST) {
+	const NODE *node = root_node->nd_head;
+        int seen_nodes = 0;
 
-    INIT_ANCHOR(anchor);
-    if (nd_type(node) != NODE_ZARRAY) {
 	while (node) {
-	    if (nd_type(node) != NODE_ARRAY) {
-		rb_bug("compile_array: This node is not NODE_ARRAY, but %s",
-		       ruby_node_name(nd_type(node)));
-	    }
+	    const NODE *key_node = node->nd_head;
+            seen_nodes++;
 
-	    i++;
-	    if (opt_p && nd_type(node->nd_head) != NODE_LIT) {
-		opt_p = Qfalse;
+	    assert(nd_type(node) == NODE_LIST);
+            if (key_node && nd_type(key_node) == NODE_LIT && RB_TYPE_P(key_node->nd_lit, T_SYMBOL)) {
+		/* can be keywords */
+	    }
+	    else {
+                if (flag) {
+                    *flag |= VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT;
+                    if (seen_nodes > 1 || node->nd_next->nd_next) {
+                        /* A new hash will be created for the keyword arguments
+                         * in this case, so mark the method as passing mutable
+                         * keyword splat.
+                         */
+                        *flag |= VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT_MUT;
+                    }
+                }
+		return FALSE;
 	    }
-	    COMPILE_(anchor, "array element", node->nd_head, poped);
+	    node = node->nd_next; /* skip value node */
 	    node = node->nd_next;
 	}
-    }
 
-    if (len != i) {
-	if (0) {
-	    rb_bug("node error: compile_array (%d: %d-%d)",
-		   (int)nd_line(node_root), len, i);
+	/* may be keywords */
+	node = root_node->nd_head;
+	{
+	    int len = (int)node->nd_alen / 2;
+            struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *kw_arg =
+                rb_xmalloc_mul_add(len, sizeof(VALUE), sizeof(struct rb_callinfo_kwarg));
+	    VALUE *keywords = kw_arg->keywords;
+	    int i = 0;
+	    kw_arg->keyword_len = len;
+
+	    *kw_arg_ptr = kw_arg;
+
+	    for (i=0; node != NULL; i++, node = node->nd_next->nd_next) {
+		const NODE *key_node = node->nd_head;
+		const NODE *val_node = node->nd_next->nd_head;
+		keywords[i] = key_node->nd_lit;
+                NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "keyword values", val_node));
+	    }
+	    assert(i == len);
+	    return TRUE;
 	}
-	len = i;
     }
+    return FALSE;
+}
 
-    if (opt_p == Qtrue) {
-	if (!poped) {
-	    VALUE ary = rb_ary_tmp_new(len);
-	    node = node_root;
-	    while (node) {
-		rb_ary_push(ary, node->nd_head->nd_lit);
-		node = node->nd_next;
-	    }
-	    OBJ_FREEZE(ary);
-	    iseq_add_mark_object_compile_time(iseq, ary);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node_root), duparray, ary);
-	}
+static int
+compile_args(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *node,
+                   struct rb_callinfo_kwarg **keywords_ptr, unsigned int *flag)
+{
+    int len = 0;
+
+    for (; node; len++, node = node->nd_next) {
+        if (CPDEBUG > 0) {
+            EXPECT_NODE("compile_args", node, NODE_LIST, -1);
+        }
+
+        if (node->nd_next == NULL && keyword_node_p(node->nd_head)) { /* last node */
+            if (compile_keyword_arg(iseq, ret, node->nd_head, keywords_ptr, flag)) {
+                len--;
+            }
+            else {
+                compile_hash(iseq, ret, node->nd_head, TRUE, FALSE);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "array element", node->nd_head, FALSE));
+        }
     }
-    else {
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN1(anchor, line, newarray, INT2FIX(len));
+
+    return len;
+}
+
+static inline int
+static_literal_node_p(const NODE *node, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    node = node->nd_head;
+    switch (nd_type(node)) {
+      case NODE_LIT:
+      case NODE_NIL:
+      case NODE_TRUE:
+      case NODE_FALSE:
+	return TRUE;
+      case NODE_STR:
+        return ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->frozen_string_literal;
+      default:
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline VALUE
+static_literal_value(const NODE *node, rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    node = node->nd_head;
+    switch (nd_type(node)) {
+      case NODE_NIL:
+	return Qnil;
+      case NODE_TRUE:
+	return Qtrue;
+      case NODE_FALSE:
+	return Qfalse;
+      case NODE_STR:
+        if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->debug_frozen_string_literal || RTEST(ruby_debug)) {
+            VALUE lit;
+            VALUE debug_info = rb_ary_new_from_args(2, rb_iseq_path(iseq), INT2FIX((int)nd_line(node)));
+            lit = rb_str_dup(node->nd_lit);
+            rb_ivar_set(lit, id_debug_created_info, rb_obj_freeze(debug_info));
+            return rb_str_freeze(lit);
+        }
+        else {
+            return rb_fstring(node->nd_lit);
+        }
+      default:
+	return node->nd_lit;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+compile_array(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *node, int popped)
+{
+    int line = (int)nd_line(node);
+
+    if (nd_type(node) == NODE_ZLIST) {
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newarray, INT2FIX(0));
 	}
-	APPEND_LIST(ret, anchor);
+        return 0;
     }
-    return len;
+
+    EXPECT_NODE("compile_array", node, NODE_LIST, -1);
+
+    if (popped) {
+        for (; node; node = node->nd_next) {
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "array element", node->nd_head, popped));
+        }
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    /* Compilation of an array literal.
+     * The following code is essentially the same as:
+     *
+     *     for (int count = 0; node; count++; node->nd_next) {
+     *         compile(node->nd_head);
+     *     }
+     *     ADD_INSN(newarray, count);
+     *
+     * However, there are three points.
+     *
+     * - The code above causes stack overflow for a big string literal.
+     *   The following limits the stack length up to max_stack_len.
+     *
+     *   [x1,x2,...,x10000] =>
+     *     push x1  ; push x2  ; ...; push x256; newarray 256;
+     *     push x257; push x258; ...; push x512; newarray 256; concatarray;
+     *     push x513; push x514; ...; push x768; newarray 256; concatarray;
+     *     ...
+     *
+     * - Long subarray can be optimized by pre-allocating a hidden array.
+     *
+     *   [1,2,3,...,100] =>
+     *     duparray [1,2,3,...,100]
+     *
+     *   [x, 1,2,3,...,100, z] =>
+     *     push x; newarray 1;
+     *     putobject [1,2,3,...,100] (<- hidden array); concatarray;
+     *     push z; newarray 1; concatarray
+     *
+     * - If the last element is a keyword, newarraykwsplat should be emitted
+     *   to check and remove empty keyword arguments hash from array.
+     *   (Note: a keyword is NODE_HASH which is not static_literal_node_p.)
+     *
+     *   [1,2,3,**kw] =>
+     *     putobject 1; putobject 2; putobject 3; push kw; newarraykwsplat
+     */
+
+    const int max_stack_len = 0x100;
+    const int min_tmp_ary_len = 0x40;
+    int stack_len = 0;
+    int first_chunk = 1;
+
+    /* Convert pushed elements to an array, and concatarray if needed */
+#define FLUSH_CHUNK(newarrayinsn)                               \
+    if (stack_len) {                                            \
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newarrayinsn, INT2FIX(stack_len)); \
+        if (!first_chunk) ADD_INSN(ret, line, concatarray);     \
+        first_chunk = stack_len = 0;                            \
+    }
+
+    while (node) {
+        int count = 1;
+
+        /* pre-allocation check (this branch can be omittable) */
+        if (static_literal_node_p(node, iseq)) {
+            /* count the elements that are optimizable */
+            const NODE *node_tmp = node->nd_next;
+            for (; node_tmp && static_literal_node_p(node_tmp, iseq); node_tmp = node_tmp->nd_next)
+                count++;
+
+            if ((first_chunk && stack_len == 0 && !node_tmp) || count >= min_tmp_ary_len) {
+                /* The literal contains only optimizable elements, or the subarray is long enough */
+                VALUE ary = rb_ary_tmp_new(count);
+
+                /* Create a hidden array */
+                for (; count; count--, node = node->nd_next)
+                    rb_ary_push(ary, static_literal_value(node, iseq));
+                OBJ_FREEZE(ary);
+
+                /* Emit optimized code */
+                FLUSH_CHUNK(newarray);
+                if (first_chunk) {
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, duparray, ary);
+                    first_chunk = 0;
+                }
+                else {
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ary);
+                    ADD_INSN(ret, line, concatarray);
+                }
+                RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, ary);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* Base case: Compile "count" elements */
+        for (; count; count--, node = node->nd_next) {
+            if (CPDEBUG > 0) {
+                EXPECT_NODE("compile_array", node, NODE_LIST, -1);
+            }
+
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "array element", node->nd_head, 0));
+            stack_len++;
+
+            if (!node->nd_next && keyword_node_p(node->nd_head)) {
+                /* Reached the end, and the last element is a keyword */
+                FLUSH_CHUNK(newarraykwsplat);
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+            /* If there are many pushed elements, flush them to avoid stack overflow */
+            if (stack_len >= max_stack_len) FLUSH_CHUNK(newarray);
+        }
+    }
+
+    FLUSH_CHUNK(newarray);
+#undef FLUSH_CHUNK
+    return 1;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-compile_array(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE* node_root, VALUE opt_p)
+static inline int
+static_literal_node_pair_p(const NODE *node, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
-    return compile_array_(iseq, ret, node_root, opt_p, 0);
+    return node->nd_head && static_literal_node_p(node, iseq) && static_literal_node_p(node->nd_next, iseq);
 }
 
-static VALUE
-case_when_optimizable_literal(NODE * node)
+static int
+compile_hash(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *node, int method_call_keywords, int popped)
+{
+    int line = (int)nd_line(node);
+
+    node = node->nd_head;
+
+    if (!node || nd_type(node) == NODE_ZLIST) {
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newhash, INT2FIX(0));
+	}
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_NODE("compile_hash", node, NODE_LIST, -1);
+
+    if (popped) {
+        for (; node; node = node->nd_next) {
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "hash element", node->nd_head, popped));
+        }
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    /* Compilation of a hash literal (or keyword arguments).
+     * This is very similar to compile_array, but there are some differences:
+     *
+     * - It contains key-value pairs.  So we need to take every two elements.
+     *   We can assume that the length is always even.
+     *
+     * - Merging is done by a method call (id_core_hash_merge_ptr).
+     *   Sometimes we need to insert the receiver, so "anchor" is needed.
+     *   In addition, a method call is much slower than concatarray.
+     *   So it pays only when the subsequence is really long.
+     *   (min_tmp_hash_len must be much larger than min_tmp_ary_len.)
+     *
+     * - We need to handle keyword splat: **kw.
+     *   For **kw, the key part (node->nd_head) is NULL, and the value part
+     *   (node->nd_next->nd_head) is "kw".
+     *   The code is a bit difficult to avoid hash allocation for **{}.
+     */
+
+    const int max_stack_len = 0x100;
+    const int min_tmp_hash_len = 0x800;
+    int stack_len = 0;
+    int first_chunk = 1;
+    DECL_ANCHOR(anchor);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(anchor);
+
+    /* Convert pushed elements to a hash, and merge if needed */
+#define FLUSH_CHUNK()                                                                   \
+    if (stack_len) {                                                                    \
+        if (first_chunk) {                                                              \
+            APPEND_LIST(ret, anchor);                                                   \
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newhash, INT2FIX(stack_len));                          \
+        }                                                                               \
+        else {                                                                          \
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));  \
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);                                                  \
+            APPEND_LIST(ret, anchor);                                                   \
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_hash_merge_ptr, INT2FIX(stack_len + 1));        \
+        }                                                                               \
+        INIT_ANCHOR(anchor);                                                            \
+        first_chunk = stack_len = 0;                                                    \
+    }
+
+    while (node) {
+        int count = 1;
+
+        /* pre-allocation check (this branch can be omittable) */
+        if (static_literal_node_pair_p(node, iseq)) {
+            /* count the elements that are optimizable */
+            const NODE *node_tmp = node->nd_next->nd_next;
+            for (; node_tmp && static_literal_node_pair_p(node_tmp, iseq); node_tmp = node_tmp->nd_next->nd_next)
+                count++;
+
+            if ((first_chunk && stack_len == 0 && !node_tmp) || count >= min_tmp_hash_len) {
+                /* The literal contains only optimizable elements, or the subsequence is long enough */
+                VALUE ary = rb_ary_tmp_new(count);
+
+                /* Create a hidden hash */
+                for (; count; count--, node = node->nd_next->nd_next) {
+                    VALUE elem[2];
+                    elem[0] = static_literal_value(node, iseq);
+                    elem[1] = static_literal_value(node->nd_next, iseq);
+                    rb_ary_cat(ary, elem, 2);
+                }
+                VALUE hash = rb_hash_new_with_size(RARRAY_LEN(ary) / 2);
+                rb_hash_bulk_insert(RARRAY_LEN(ary), RARRAY_CONST_PTR_TRANSIENT(ary), hash);
+                hash = rb_obj_hide(hash);
+                OBJ_FREEZE(hash);
+
+                /* Emit optimized code */
+                FLUSH_CHUNK();
+                if (first_chunk) {
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, duphash, hash);
+                    first_chunk = 0;
+                }
+                else {
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
+                    ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, hash);
+
+                    ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_hash_merge_kwd, INT2FIX(2));
+                }
+                RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, hash);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* Base case: Compile "count" elements */
+        for (; count; count--, node = node->nd_next->nd_next) {
+
+            if (CPDEBUG > 0) {
+                EXPECT_NODE("compile_hash", node, NODE_LIST, -1);
+            }
+
+            if (node->nd_head) {
+                /* Normal key-value pair */
+                NO_CHECK(COMPILE_(anchor, "hash key element", node->nd_head, 0));
+                NO_CHECK(COMPILE_(anchor, "hash value element", node->nd_next->nd_head, 0));
+                stack_len += 2;
+
+                /* If there are many pushed elements, flush them to avoid stack overflow */
+                if (stack_len >= max_stack_len) FLUSH_CHUNK();
+            }
+            else {
+                /* kwsplat case: foo(..., **kw, ...) */
+                FLUSH_CHUNK();
+
+                const NODE *kw = node->nd_next->nd_head;
+                int empty_kw = nd_type(kw) == NODE_LIT && RB_TYPE_P(kw->nd_lit, T_HASH); /* foo(  ..., **{}, ...) */
+                int first_kw = first_chunk && stack_len == 0; /* foo(1,2,3, **kw, ...) */
+                int last_kw = !node->nd_next->nd_next;        /* foo(  ..., **kw) */
+                int only_kw = last_kw && first_kw;            /* foo(1,2,3, **kw) */
+
+                if (empty_kw) {
+                    if (only_kw && method_call_keywords) {
+                        /* **{} appears at the only keyword argument in method call,
+                         * so it won't be modified.
+                         * kw is a special NODE_LIT that contains a special empty hash,
+                         * so this emits: putobject {}.
+                         * This is only done for method calls and not for literal hashes,
+                         * because literal hashes should always result in a new hash.
+                         */
+                        NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "keyword splat", kw));
+                    }
+                    else if (first_kw) {
+                        /* **{} appears as the first keyword argument, so it may be modified.
+                         * We need to create a fresh hash object.
+                         */
+                        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newhash, INT2FIX(0));
+                    }
+                    /* Any empty keyword splats that are not the first can be ignored.
+                     * since merging an empty hash into the existing hash is the same
+                     * as not merging it. */
+                }
+                else {
+                    if (only_kw && method_call_keywords) {
+                        /* **kw is only keyword argument in method call.
+                         * Use directly.  This will be not be flagged as mutable.
+                         * This is only done for method calls and not for literal hashes,
+                         * because literal hashes should always result in a new hash.
+                         */
+                        NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "keyword splat", kw));
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        /* There is more than one keyword argument, or this is not a method
+                         * call.  In that case, we need to add an empty hash (if first keyword),
+                         * or merge the hash to the accumulated hash (if not the first keyword).
+                         */
+                        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
+                        if (first_kw) ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newhash, INT2FIX(0));
+                        else ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+
+                        NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "keyword splat", kw));
+
+                        ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_hash_merge_kwd, INT2FIX(2));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                first_chunk = 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    FLUSH_CHUNK();
+#undef FLUSH_CHUNK
+    return 1;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_node_case_when_optimizable_literal(const NODE *const node)
 {
     switch (nd_type(node)) {
       case NODE_LIT: {
 	VALUE v = node->nd_lit;
 	double ival;
-	if (TYPE(v) == T_FLOAT &&
+	if (RB_TYPE_P(v, T_FLOAT) &&
 	    modf(RFLOAT_VALUE(v), &ival) == 0.0) {
 	    return FIXABLE(ival) ? LONG2FIX((long)ival) : rb_dbl2big(ival);
 	}
@@ -2356,81 +4492,137 @@ case_when_optimizable_literal(NODE * node)
 	}
 	break;
       }
+      case NODE_NIL:
+	return Qnil;
+      case NODE_TRUE:
+	return Qtrue;
+      case NODE_FALSE:
+	return Qfalse;
       case NODE_STR:
-	return node->nd_lit;
+	return rb_fstring(node->nd_lit);
     }
-    return Qfalse;
+    return Qundef;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-when_vals(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *cond_seq, NODE *vals, LABEL *l1, VALUE special_literals)
+static int
+when_vals(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const cond_seq, const NODE *vals,
+	  LABEL *l1, int only_special_literals, VALUE literals)
 {
     while (vals) {
-	VALUE lit;
-	NODE* val;
-
-	val = vals->nd_head;
+	const NODE *val = vals->nd_head;
+        VALUE lit = rb_node_case_when_optimizable_literal(val);
 
-	if (special_literals &&
-	    (lit = case_when_optimizable_literal(val)) != Qfalse) {
-	    rb_ary_push(special_literals, lit);
-	    rb_ary_push(special_literals, (VALUE)(l1) | 1);
+	if (lit == Qundef) {
+	    only_special_literals = 0;
 	}
-	else {
-	    special_literals = Qfalse;
+        else if (NIL_P(rb_hash_lookup(literals, lit))) {
+            rb_hash_aset(literals, lit, (VALUE)(l1) | 1);
 	}
 
+	ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(val), dup); /* dup target */
+
 	if (nd_type(val) == NODE_STR) {
 	    debugp_param("nd_lit", val->nd_lit);
-	    OBJ_FREEZE(val->nd_lit);
-	    ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, nd_line(val), putobject, val->nd_lit);
+	    lit = rb_fstring(val->nd_lit);
+	    ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, nd_line(val), putobject, lit);
+            RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, lit);
 	}
 	else {
-	    COMPILE(cond_seq, "when cond", val);
+	    if (!COMPILE(cond_seq, "when cond", val)) return -1;
 	}
-	ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, nd_line(val), topn, INT2FIX(1));
-	ADD_SEND(cond_seq, nd_line(val), ID2SYM(idEqq), INT2FIX(1));
+
+	ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, nd_line(vals), checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_CASE));
 	ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, nd_line(val), branchif, l1);
 	vals = vals->nd_next;
     }
-    return special_literals;
+    return only_special_literals;
 }
 
 static int
-compile_massign_lhs(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE *node)
+when_splat_vals(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const cond_seq, const NODE *vals,
+                LABEL *l1, int only_special_literals, VALUE literals)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(vals);
+
+    switch (nd_type(vals)) {
+      case NODE_LIST:
+        if (when_vals(iseq, cond_seq, vals, l1, only_special_literals, literals) < 0)
+            return COMPILE_NG;
+        break;
+      case NODE_SPLAT:
+        ADD_INSN (cond_seq, line, dup);
+        CHECK(COMPILE(cond_seq, "when splat", vals->nd_head));
+        ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, line, splatarray, Qfalse);
+        ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_CASE | VM_CHECKMATCH_ARRAY));
+        ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, line, branchif, l1);
+        break;
+      case NODE_ARGSCAT:
+        CHECK(when_splat_vals(iseq, cond_seq, vals->nd_head, l1, only_special_literals, literals));
+        CHECK(when_splat_vals(iseq, cond_seq, vals->nd_body, l1, only_special_literals, literals));
+        break;
+      case NODE_ARGSPUSH:
+        CHECK(when_splat_vals(iseq, cond_seq, vals->nd_head, l1, only_special_literals, literals));
+        ADD_INSN (cond_seq, line, dup);
+        CHECK(COMPILE(cond_seq, "when argspush body", vals->nd_body));
+        ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_CASE));
+        ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, line, branchif, l1);
+        break;
+      default:
+        ADD_INSN (cond_seq, line, dup);
+        CHECK(COMPILE(cond_seq, "when val", vals));
+        ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, line, splatarray, Qfalse);
+        ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_CASE | VM_CHECKMATCH_ARRAY));
+        ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, line, branchif, l1);
+        break;
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+
+static int
+compile_massign_lhs(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node)
 {
     switch (nd_type(node)) {
       case NODE_ATTRASGN: {
 	INSN *iobj;
 	VALUE dupidx;
+	int line = nd_line(node);
 
-	COMPILE_POPED(ret, "masgn lhs (NODE_ATTRASGN)", node);
-	POP_ELEMENT(ret);        /* pop pop insn */
-	iobj = (INSN *)POP_ELEMENT(ret); /* pop send insn */
-
-	dupidx = iobj->operands[1];
-	dupidx = FIXNUM_INC(dupidx, 1);
-	iobj->operands[1] = dupidx;
-
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), topn, dupidx);
-	ADD_ELEM(ret, (LINK_ELEMENT *)iobj);
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);	/* result */
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);	/* rhs    */
+	CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ret, "masgn lhs (NODE_ATTRASGN)", node));
+
+	iobj = (INSN *)get_prev_insn((INSN *)LAST_ELEMENT(ret)); /* send insn */
+        const struct rb_callinfo *ci = (struct rb_callinfo *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0);
+        int argc = vm_ci_argc(ci) + 1;
+        ci = ci_argc_set(iseq, ci, argc);
+        OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0) = (VALUE)ci;
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, ci);
+        dupidx = INT2FIX(argc);
+
+	INSERT_BEFORE_INSN1(iobj, line, topn, dupidx);
+	if (vm_ci_flag(ci) & VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT) {
+            int argc = vm_ci_argc(ci);
+            ci = ci_argc_set(iseq, ci, argc - 1);
+            OPERAND_AT(iobj, 0) = (VALUE)ci;
+            RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, iobj);
+            INSERT_BEFORE_INSN1(iobj, line, newarray, INT2FIX(1));
+	    INSERT_BEFORE_INSN(iobj, line, concatarray);
+	}
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);	/* result */
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_MASGN: {
 	DECL_ANCHOR(anchor);
 	INIT_ANCHOR(anchor);
-	COMPILE_POPED(anchor, "nest masgn lhs", node);
-	REMOVE_ELEM(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
+	CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(anchor, "nest masgn lhs", node));
+	ELEM_REMOVE(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
 	ADD_SEQ(ret, anchor);
 	break;
       }
       default: {
 	DECL_ANCHOR(anchor);
 	INIT_ANCHOR(anchor);
-	COMPILE_POPED(anchor, "masgn lhs", node);
-	REMOVE_ELEM(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
+	CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(anchor, "masgn lhs", node));
+	ELEM_REMOVE(FIRST_ELEMENT(anchor));
 	ADD_SEQ(ret, anchor);
       }
     }
@@ -2438,25 +4630,26 @@ compile_massign_lhs(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE *node)
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
-static void
-compile_massign_opt_lhs(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE *lhsn)
+static int
+compile_massign_opt_lhs(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *lhsn)
 {
     if (lhsn) {
-	compile_massign_opt_lhs(iseq, ret, lhsn->nd_next);
-	compile_massign_lhs(iseq, ret, lhsn->nd_head);
+	CHECK(compile_massign_opt_lhs(iseq, ret, lhsn->nd_next));
+	CHECK(compile_massign_lhs(iseq, ret, lhsn->nd_head));
     }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
 static int
-compile_massign_opt(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret,
-		    NODE *rhsn, NODE *orig_lhsn)
+compile_massign_opt(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret,
+		    const NODE *rhsn, const NODE *orig_lhsn)
 {
     VALUE mem[64];
     const int memsize = numberof(mem);
     int memindex = 0;
     int llen = 0, rlen = 0;
     int i;
-    NODE *lhsn = orig_lhsn;
+    const NODE *lhsn = orig_lhsn;
 
 #define MEMORY(v) { \
     int i; \
@@ -2467,12 +4660,12 @@ compile_massign_opt(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret,
     mem[memindex++] = (v); \
 }
 
-    if (rhsn == 0 || nd_type(rhsn) != NODE_ARRAY) {
+    if (rhsn == 0 || nd_type(rhsn) != NODE_LIST) {
 	return 0;
     }
 
     while (lhsn) {
-	NODE *ln = lhsn->nd_head;
+	const NODE *ln = lhsn->nd_head;
 	switch (nd_type(ln)) {
 	  case NODE_LASGN:
 	    MEMORY(ln->nd_vid);
@@ -2480,7 +4673,6 @@ compile_massign_opt(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret,
 	  case NODE_DASGN:
 	  case NODE_DASGN_CURR:
 	  case NODE_IASGN:
-	  case NODE_IASGN2:
 	  case NODE_CVASGN:
 	    MEMORY(ln->nd_vid);
 	    break;
@@ -2493,10 +4685,10 @@ compile_massign_opt(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret,
 
     while (rhsn) {
 	if (llen <= rlen) {
-	    COMPILE_POPED(ret, "masgn val (popped)", rhsn->nd_head);
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ret, "masgn val (popped)", rhsn->nd_head));
 	}
 	else {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "masgn val", rhsn->nd_head);
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "masgn val", rhsn->nd_head));
 	}
 	rhsn = rhsn->nd_next;
 	rlen++;
@@ -2512,58 +4704,96 @@ compile_massign_opt(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret,
     return 1;
 }
 
+static void
+adjust_stack(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, int line, int rlen, int llen)
+{
+    if (rlen < llen) {
+	do {ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);} while (++rlen < llen);
+    }
+    else if (rlen > llen) {
+	do {ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);} while (--rlen > llen);
+    }
+}
+
 static int
-compile_massign(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE *node, int poped)
+compile_massign(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
 {
-    NODE *rhsn = node->nd_value;
-    NODE *splatn = node->nd_args;
-    NODE *lhsn = node->nd_head;
-    int lhs_splat = (splatn && (VALUE)splatn != (VALUE)-1) ? 1 : 0;
+    const NODE *rhsn = node->nd_value;
+    const NODE *splatn = node->nd_args;
+    const NODE *lhsn = node->nd_head;
+    int lhs_splat = (splatn && NODE_NAMED_REST_P(splatn)) ? 1 : 0;
 
-    if (!poped || splatn || !compile_massign_opt(iseq, ret, rhsn, lhsn)) {
+    if (!popped || splatn || !compile_massign_opt(iseq, ret, rhsn, lhsn)) {
 	int llen = 0;
+	int expand = 1;
 	DECL_ANCHOR(lhsseq);
 
 	INIT_ANCHOR(lhsseq);
 
 	while (lhsn) {
-	    compile_massign_lhs(iseq, lhsseq, lhsn->nd_head);
+	    CHECK(compile_massign_lhs(iseq, lhsseq, lhsn->nd_head));
 	    llen += 1;
 	    lhsn = lhsn->nd_next;
 	}
 
-	COMPILE(ret, "normal masgn rhs", rhsn);
+        NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "normal masgn rhs", rhsn));
 
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), dup);
 	}
-
-	ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), expandarray,
-		  INT2FIX(llen), INT2FIX(lhs_splat));
+	else if (!lhs_splat) {
+	    INSN *last = (INSN*)ret->last;
+	    if (IS_INSN(&last->link) &&
+		IS_INSN_ID(last, newarray) &&
+		last->operand_size == 1) {
+		int rlen = FIX2INT(OPERAND_AT(last, 0));
+		/* special case: assign to aset or attrset */
+		if (llen == 2) {
+		    POP_ELEMENT(ret);
+		    adjust_stack(iseq, ret, nd_line(node), rlen, llen);
+		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), swap);
+		    expand = 0;
+		}
+		else if (llen > 2 && llen != rlen) {
+		    POP_ELEMENT(ret);
+		    adjust_stack(iseq, ret, nd_line(node), rlen, llen);
+		    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), reverse, INT2FIX(llen));
+		    expand = 0;
+		}
+		else if (llen > 2) {
+		    last->insn_id = BIN(reverse);
+		    expand = 0;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	if (expand) {
+	    ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), expandarray,
+		      INT2FIX(llen), INT2FIX(lhs_splat));
+	}
 	ADD_SEQ(ret, lhsseq);
 
 	if (lhs_splat) {
 	    if (nd_type(splatn) == NODE_POSTARG) {
 		/*a, b, *r, p1, p2 */
-		NODE *postn = splatn->nd_2nd;
-		NODE *restn = splatn->nd_1st;
+		const NODE *postn = splatn->nd_2nd;
+		const NODE *restn = splatn->nd_1st;
 		int num = (int)postn->nd_alen;
-		int flag = 0x02 | (((VALUE)restn == (VALUE)-1) ? 0x00 : 0x01);
+		int flag = 0x02 | (NODE_NAMED_REST_P(restn) ? 0x01 : 0x00);
 
 		ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(splatn), expandarray,
 			  INT2FIX(num), INT2FIX(flag));
 
-		if ((VALUE)restn != (VALUE)-1) {
-		    compile_massign_lhs(iseq, ret, restn);
+		if (NODE_NAMED_REST_P(restn)) {
+		    CHECK(compile_massign_lhs(iseq, ret, restn));
 		}
 		while (postn) {
-		    compile_massign_lhs(iseq, ret, postn->nd_head);
+		    CHECK(compile_massign_lhs(iseq, ret, postn->nd_head));
 		    postn = postn->nd_next;
 		}
 	    }
 	    else {
 		/* a, b, *r */
-		compile_massign_lhs(iseq, ret, splatn);
+		CHECK(compile_massign_lhs(iseq, ret, splatn));
 	    }
 	}
     }
@@ -2571,209 +4801,216 @@ compile_massign(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE *node, int poped)
 }
 
 static int
-compile_colon2(rb_iseq_t *iseq, NODE * node,
-	       LINK_ANCHOR *pref, LINK_ANCHOR *body)
+compile_const_prefix(rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *const node,
+		     LINK_ANCHOR *const pref, LINK_ANCHOR *const body)
 {
     switch (nd_type(node)) {
       case NODE_CONST:
-	debugi("compile_colon2 - colon", node->nd_vid);
-	ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
+	debugi("compile_const_prefix - colon", node->nd_vid);
+        ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), putobject, Qtrue);
+        ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
 	break;
       case NODE_COLON3:
-	debugi("compile_colon2 - colon3", node->nd_mid);
+	debugi("compile_const_prefix - colon3", node->nd_mid);
 	ADD_INSN(body, nd_line(node), pop);
 	ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), putobject, rb_cObject);
-	ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
+        ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), putobject, Qtrue);
+        ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
 	break;
       case NODE_COLON2:
-	compile_colon2(iseq, node->nd_head, pref, body);
-	debugi("compile_colon2 - colon2", node->nd_mid);
-	ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
+	CHECK(compile_const_prefix(iseq, node->nd_head, pref, body));
+	debugi("compile_const_prefix - colon2", node->nd_mid);
+        ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), putobject, Qfalse);
+        ADD_INSN1(body, nd_line(node), getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
 	break;
       default:
-	COMPILE(pref, "const colon2 prefix", node);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(pref, "const colon2 prefix", node));
 	break;
     }
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-compile_cpath(LINK_ANCHOR *ret, rb_iseq_t *iseq, NODE *cpath)
+static int
+compile_cpath(LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, rb_iseq_t *iseq, const NODE *cpath)
 {
     if (nd_type(cpath) == NODE_COLON3) {
 	/* toplevel class ::Foo */
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(cpath), putobject, rb_cObject);
-	return Qfalse;
+	return VM_DEFINECLASS_FLAG_SCOPED;
     }
     else if (cpath->nd_head) {
 	/* Bar::Foo */
-	COMPILE(ret, "nd_else->nd_head", cpath->nd_head);
-	return Qfalse;
+        NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "nd_else->nd_head", cpath->nd_head));
+	return VM_DEFINECLASS_FLAG_SCOPED;
     }
     else {
 	/* class at cbase Foo */
 	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(cpath), putspecialobject,
 		  INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_CONST_BASE));
-	return Qtrue;
+	return 0;
     }
 }
 
-#define defined_expr defined_expr0
-static int
-defined_expr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret,
-	     NODE *node, LABEL **lfinish, VALUE needstr)
+static inline int
+private_recv_p(const NODE *node)
 {
-    const char *estr = 0;
+    if (nd_type(node->nd_recv) == NODE_SELF) {
+        NODE *self = node->nd_recv;
+        return self->nd_state != 0;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+defined_expr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret,
+	     const NODE *const node, LABEL **lfinish, VALUE needstr);
+
+static void
+defined_expr0(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret,
+	      const NODE *const node, LABEL **lfinish, VALUE needstr)
+{
+    enum defined_type expr_type = DEFINED_NOT_DEFINED;
     enum node_type type;
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
 
     switch (type = nd_type(node)) {
 
 	/* easy literals */
       case NODE_NIL:
-	estr = "nil";
+	expr_type = DEFINED_NIL;
 	break;
       case NODE_SELF:
-	estr = "self";
+	expr_type = DEFINED_SELF;
 	break;
       case NODE_TRUE:
-	estr = "true";
+	expr_type = DEFINED_TRUE;
 	break;
       case NODE_FALSE:
-	estr = "false";
+	expr_type = DEFINED_FALSE;
 	break;
 
-      case NODE_ARRAY:{
-	NODE *vals = node;
+      case NODE_LIST:{
+	const NODE *vals = node;
 
 	do {
-	    defined_expr(iseq, ret, vals->nd_head, lfinish, Qfalse);
+	    defined_expr0(iseq, ret, vals->nd_head, lfinish, Qfalse);
 
 	    if (!lfinish[1]) {
-		lfinish[1] = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+                lfinish[1] = NEW_LABEL(line);
 	    }
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchunless, lfinish[1]);
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, lfinish[1]);
 	} while ((vals = vals->nd_next) != NULL);
       }
+        /* fall through */
       case NODE_STR:
       case NODE_LIT:
-      case NODE_ZARRAY:
+      case NODE_ZLIST:
       case NODE_AND:
       case NODE_OR:
       default:
-	estr = "expression";
+	expr_type = DEFINED_EXPR;
 	break;
 
 	/* variables */
       case NODE_LVAR:
       case NODE_DVAR:
-	estr = "local-variable";
+	expr_type = DEFINED_LVAR;
 	break;
 
       case NODE_IVAR:
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_IVAR),
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_IVAR),
 		  ID2SYM(node->nd_vid), needstr);
-	return 1;
+        return;
 
       case NODE_GVAR:
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_GVAR),
-		  ID2SYM(node->nd_entry->id), needstr);
-	return 1;
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_GVAR),
+		  ID2SYM(node->nd_entry), needstr);
+        return;
 
       case NODE_CVAR:
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_CVAR),
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_CVAR),
 		  ID2SYM(node->nd_vid), needstr);
-	return 1;
+        return;
 
       case NODE_CONST:
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_CONST),
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_CONST),
 		  ID2SYM(node->nd_vid), needstr);
-	return 1;
+        return;
       case NODE_COLON2:
 	if (!lfinish[1]) {
-	    lfinish[1] = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+            lfinish[1] = NEW_LABEL(line);
 	}
-	defined_expr(iseq, ret, node->nd_head, lfinish, Qfalse);
-	ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchunless, lfinish[1]);
+	defined_expr0(iseq, ret, node->nd_head, lfinish, Qfalse);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, lfinish[1]);
+        NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "defined/colon2#nd_head", node->nd_head));
 
-	if (rb_is_const_id(node->nd_mid)) {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "defined/colon2#nd_head", node->nd_head);
-	    ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_CONST),
-		      ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), needstr);
-	}
-	else {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "defined/colon2#nd_head", node->nd_head);
-	    ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_METHOD),
-		      ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), needstr);
-	}
-	return 1;
+        ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined,
+		  (rb_is_const_id(node->nd_mid) ?
+		   INT2FIX(DEFINED_CONST_FROM) : INT2FIX(DEFINED_METHOD)),
+		  ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), needstr);
+        return;
       case NODE_COLON3:
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, rb_cObject);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined,
-		  INT2FIX(DEFINED_CONST), ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), needstr);
-	return 1;
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_cObject);
+        ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined,
+		  INT2FIX(DEFINED_CONST_FROM), ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), needstr);
+        return;
 
 	/* method dispatch */
       case NODE_CALL:
+      case NODE_OPCALL:
       case NODE_VCALL:
       case NODE_FCALL:
       case NODE_ATTRASGN:{
-	int self = TRUE;
+	const int explicit_receiver =
+	    (type == NODE_CALL || type == NODE_OPCALL ||
+	     (type == NODE_ATTRASGN && !private_recv_p(node)));
 
-	switch (type) {
-	  case NODE_ATTRASGN:
-	    if (node->nd_recv == (NODE *)1) break;
-	  case NODE_CALL:
-	    self = FALSE;
-	    break;
-	  default:
-	    /* through */;
-	}
-	if (!lfinish[1]) {
-	    lfinish[1] = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+	if (!lfinish[1] && (node->nd_args || explicit_receiver)) {
+            lfinish[1] = NEW_LABEL(line);
 	}
 	if (node->nd_args) {
-	    defined_expr(iseq, ret, node->nd_args, lfinish, Qfalse);
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchunless, lfinish[1]);
-	}
-	if (!self) {
-	    defined_expr(iseq, ret, node->nd_recv, lfinish, Qfalse);
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchunless, lfinish[1]);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "defined/recv", node->nd_recv);
-	    ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_METHOD),
+	    defined_expr0(iseq, ret, node->nd_args, lfinish, Qfalse);
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, lfinish[1]);
+	}
+	if (explicit_receiver) {
+	    defined_expr0(iseq, ret, node->nd_recv, lfinish, Qfalse);
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, lfinish[1]);
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "defined/recv", node->nd_recv));
+            ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_METHOD),
 		      ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), needstr);
 	}
 	else {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putself);
-	    ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_FUNC),
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, putself);
+            ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_FUNC),
 		      ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), needstr);
 	}
-	return 1;
+        return;
       }
 
       case NODE_YIELD:
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_YIELD), 0,
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_YIELD), 0,
 		  needstr);
-	return 1;
+        return;
 
       case NODE_BACK_REF:
       case NODE_NTH_REF:
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_REF),
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_REF),
 		  INT2FIX((node->nd_nth << 1) | (type == NODE_BACK_REF)),
 		  needstr);
-	return 1;
+        return;
 
       case NODE_SUPER:
       case NODE_ZSUPER:
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_ZSUPER), 0,
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_ZSUPER), 0,
 		  needstr);
-	return 1;
+        return;
 
       case NODE_OP_ASGN1:
       case NODE_OP_ASGN2:
@@ -2786,84 +5023,111 @@ defined_expr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret,
       case NODE_GASGN:
       case NODE_IASGN:
       case NODE_CDECL:
-      case NODE_CVDECL:
       case NODE_CVASGN:
-	estr = "assignment";
+	expr_type = DEFINED_ASGN;
 	break;
     }
 
-    if (estr != 0) {
-	if (needstr != Qfalse) {
-	    VALUE str = rb_str_new2(estr);
-	    hide_obj(str);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putstring, str);
-	    iseq_add_mark_object_compile_time(iseq, str);
-	}
-	else {
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, Qtrue);
-	}
-	return 1;
+    assert(expr_type != DEFINED_NOT_DEFINED);
+
+    if (needstr != Qfalse) {
+        VALUE str = rb_iseq_defined_string(expr_type);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, str);
+    }
+    else {
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qtrue);
     }
-    return 0;
 }
-#undef defined_expr
 
-static int
-defined_expr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret,
-	     NODE *node, LABEL **lfinish, VALUE needstr)
+static void
+build_defined_rescue_iseq(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const void *unused)
+{
+    ADD_INSN(ret, 0, putnil);
+    iseq_set_exception_local_table(iseq);
+}
+
+static void
+defined_expr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret,
+	     const NODE *const node, LABEL **lfinish, VALUE needstr)
 {
     LINK_ELEMENT *lcur = ret->last;
-    int done = defined_expr0(iseq, ret, node, lfinish, needstr);
+    defined_expr0(iseq, ret, node, lfinish, needstr);
     if (lfinish[1]) {
 	int line = nd_line(node);
 	LABEL *lstart = NEW_LABEL(line);
 	LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(line);
-	VALUE rescue = NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(NEW_NIL(),
-					 rb_str_concat(rb_str_new2
-						       ("defined guard in "),
-						       iseq->name),
-					 ISEQ_TYPE_DEFINED_GUARD, 0);
+	const rb_iseq_t *rescue;
+        struct rb_iseq_new_with_callback_callback_func *ifunc =
+            rb_iseq_new_with_callback_new_callback(build_defined_rescue_iseq, NULL);
+        rescue = new_child_iseq_with_callback(iseq, ifunc,
+				      rb_str_concat(rb_str_new2("defined guard in "),
+						    iseq->body->location.label),
+				      iseq, ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE, 0);
+	lstart->rescued = LABEL_RESCUE_BEG;
+	lend->rescued = LABEL_RESCUE_END;
 	APPEND_LABEL(ret, lcur, lstart);
 	ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
 	ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_RESCUE, lstart, lend, rescue, lfinish[1]);
     }
-    return done;
 }
 
-#define BUFSIZE 0x100
+static int
+compile_defined_expr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, VALUE needstr)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    if (!node->nd_head) {
+	VALUE str = rb_iseq_defined_string(DEFINED_NIL);
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, str);
+    }
+    else {
+	LABEL *lfinish[2];
+	LINK_ELEMENT *last = ret->last;
+	lfinish[0] = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	lfinish[1] = 0;
+	defined_expr(iseq, ret, node->nd_head, lfinish, needstr);
+	if (lfinish[1]) {
+	    ELEM_INSERT_NEXT(last, &new_insn_body(iseq, line, BIN(putnil), 0)->link);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+	    ADD_LABEL(ret, lfinish[1]);
+	}
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, lfinish[0]);
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
 
 static VALUE
-make_name_for_block(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+make_name_for_block(const rb_iseq_t *orig_iseq)
 {
     int level = 1;
-    rb_iseq_t *ip = iseq;
+    const rb_iseq_t *iseq = orig_iseq;
 
-    if (iseq->parent_iseq != 0) {
-	while (ip->local_iseq != ip) {
-	    if (ip->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
+    if (orig_iseq->body->parent_iseq != 0) {
+	while (orig_iseq->body->local_iseq != iseq) {
+	    if (iseq->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
 		level++;
 	    }
-	    ip = ip->parent_iseq;
+	    iseq = iseq->body->parent_iseq;
 	}
     }
 
     if (level == 1) {
-	return rb_sprintf("block in %s", RSTRING_PTR(ip->name));
+	return rb_sprintf("block in %"PRIsVALUE, iseq->body->location.label);
     }
     else {
-	return rb_sprintf("block (%d levels) in %s", level, RSTRING_PTR(ip->name));
+	return rb_sprintf("block (%d levels) in %"PRIsVALUE, level, iseq->body->location.label);
     }
 }
 
 static void
 push_ensure_entry(rb_iseq_t *iseq,
 		  struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack *enl,
-		  struct ensure_range *er, NODE *node)
+		  struct ensure_range *er, const NODE *const node)
 {
     enl->ensure_node = node;
-    enl->prev = iseq->compile_data->ensure_node_stack;	/* prev */
+    enl->prev = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ensure_node_stack;	/* prev */
     enl->erange = er;
-    iseq->compile_data->ensure_node_stack = enl;
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ensure_node_stack = enl;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -2885,16 +5149,16 @@ add_ensure_range(rb_iseq_t *iseq, struct ensure_range *erange,
 }
 
 static void
-add_ensure_iseq(LINK_ANCHOR *ret, rb_iseq_t *iseq, int is_return)
+add_ensure_iseq(LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, rb_iseq_t *iseq, int is_return)
 {
     struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack *enlp =
-	iseq->compile_data->ensure_node_stack;
+	ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ensure_node_stack;
     struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack *prev_enlp = enlp;
     DECL_ANCHOR(ensure);
 
     INIT_ANCHOR(ensure);
     while (enlp) {
-	if (enlp->erange != 0) {
+	if (enlp->erange != NULL) {
 	    DECL_ANCHOR(ensure_part);
 	    LABEL *lstart = NEW_LABEL(0);
 	    LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(0);
@@ -2902,9 +5166,9 @@ add_ensure_iseq(LINK_ANCHOR *ret, rb_iseq_t *iseq, int is_return)
 
 	    add_ensure_range(iseq, enlp->erange, lstart, lend);
 
-	    iseq->compile_data->ensure_node_stack = enlp->prev;
+	    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ensure_node_stack = enlp->prev;
 	    ADD_LABEL(ensure_part, lstart);
-	    COMPILE_POPED(ensure_part, "ensure part", enlp->ensure_node);
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ensure_part, "ensure part", enlp->ensure_node));
 	    ADD_LABEL(ensure_part, lend);
 	    ADD_SEQ(ensure, ensure_part);
 	}
@@ -2915,896 +5179,2559 @@ add_ensure_iseq(LINK_ANCHOR *ret, rb_iseq_t *iseq, int is_return)
 	}
 	enlp = enlp->prev;
     }
-    iseq->compile_data->ensure_node_stack = prev_enlp;
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ensure_node_stack = prev_enlp;
     ADD_SEQ(ret, ensure);
 }
 
+static int
+check_keyword(const NODE *node)
+{
+    /* This check is essentially a code clone of compile_keyword_arg. */
+
+    if (nd_type(node) == NODE_LIST) {
+        while (node->nd_next) {
+            node = node->nd_next;
+        }
+        node = node->nd_head;
+    }
+
+    return keyword_node_p(node);
+}
+
 static VALUE
-setup_args(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *args, NODE *argn, VALUE *flag)
+setup_args_core(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const args, const NODE *argn,
+                int dup_rest, unsigned int *flag, struct rb_callinfo_kwarg **keywords)
 {
-    VALUE argc = INT2FIX(0);
-    int nsplat = 0;
-    DECL_ANCHOR(arg_block);
-    DECL_ANCHOR(args_splat);
+    if (argn) {
+        switch (nd_type(argn)) {
+          case NODE_SPLAT: {
+            NO_CHECK(COMPILE(args, "args (splat)", argn->nd_head));
+            ADD_INSN1(args, nd_line(argn), splatarray, dup_rest ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+            if (flag) *flag |= VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT;
+            return INT2FIX(1);
+          }
+          case NODE_ARGSCAT:
+          case NODE_ARGSPUSH: {
+            int next_is_list = (nd_type(argn->nd_head) == NODE_LIST);
+            VALUE argc = setup_args_core(iseq, args, argn->nd_head, 1, NULL, NULL);
+            if (nd_type(argn->nd_body) == NODE_LIST) {
+                /* This branch is needed to avoid "newarraykwsplat" [Bug #16442] */
+                int rest_len = compile_args(iseq, args, argn->nd_body, NULL, NULL);
+                ADD_INSN1(args, nd_line(argn), newarray, INT2FIX(rest_len));
+            }
+            else {
+                NO_CHECK(COMPILE(args, "args (cat: splat)", argn->nd_body));
+            }
+            if (flag) {
+                *flag |= VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT;
+                /* This is a dirty hack.  It traverses the AST twice.
+                 * In a long term, it should be fixed by a redesign of keyword arguments */
+                if (check_keyword(argn->nd_body))
+                    *flag |= VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT;
+            }
+            if (nd_type(argn) == NODE_ARGSCAT) {
+                if (next_is_list) {
+                    ADD_INSN1(args, nd_line(argn), splatarray, Qtrue);
+                    return INT2FIX(FIX2INT(argc) + 1);
+                }
+                else {
+                    ADD_INSN1(args, nd_line(argn), splatarray, Qfalse);
+                    ADD_INSN(args, nd_line(argn), concatarray);
+                    return argc;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                ADD_INSN1(args, nd_line(argn), newarray, INT2FIX(1));
+                ADD_INSN(args, nd_line(argn), concatarray);
+                return argc;
+            }
+          }
+          case NODE_LIST: {
+            int len = compile_args(iseq, args, argn, keywords, flag);
+            return INT2FIX(len);
+          }
+          default: {
+            UNKNOWN_NODE("setup_arg", argn, Qnil);
+          }
+        }
+    }
+    return INT2FIX(0);
+}
 
-    INIT_ANCHOR(arg_block);
-    INIT_ANCHOR(args_splat);
+static VALUE
+setup_args(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const args, const NODE *argn,
+	   unsigned int *flag, struct rb_callinfo_kwarg **keywords)
+{
+    VALUE ret;
     if (argn && nd_type(argn) == NODE_BLOCK_PASS) {
-	COMPILE(arg_block, "block", argn->nd_body);
-	*flag |= VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG_BIT;
-	argn = argn->nd_head;
+        unsigned int dup_rest = 1;
+        DECL_ANCHOR(arg_block);
+        INIT_ANCHOR(arg_block);
+        NO_CHECK(COMPILE(arg_block, "block", argn->nd_body));
+
+        *flag |= VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG;
+
+        if (LIST_INSN_SIZE_ONE(arg_block)) {
+            LINK_ELEMENT *elem = FIRST_ELEMENT(arg_block);
+            if (elem->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN) {
+                INSN *iobj = (INSN *)elem;
+                if (iobj->insn_id == BIN(getblockparam)) {
+                    iobj->insn_id = BIN(getblockparamproxy);
+                }
+                dup_rest = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        ret = setup_args_core(iseq, args, argn->nd_head, dup_rest, flag, keywords);
+        ADD_SEQ(args, arg_block);
     }
+    else {
+        ret = setup_args_core(iseq, args, argn, 0, flag, keywords);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
 
-  setup_argn:
-    if (argn) {
-	switch (nd_type(argn)) {
-	  case NODE_SPLAT: {
-	    COMPILE(args, "args (splat)", argn->nd_head);
-	    argc = INT2FIX(1);
-	    nsplat++;
-	    *flag |= VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT_BIT;
-	    break;
-	  }
-	  case NODE_ARGSCAT:
-	  case NODE_ARGSPUSH: {
-	    int next_is_array = (nd_type(argn->nd_head) == NODE_ARRAY);
-	    DECL_ANCHOR(tmp);
+static void
+build_postexe_iseq(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, const void *ptr)
+{
+    const NODE *body = ptr;
+    int line = nd_line(body);
+    VALUE argc = INT2FIX(0);
+    const rb_iseq_t *block = NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(body, make_name_for_block(iseq->body->parent_iseq), ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, line);
 
-	    INIT_ANCHOR(tmp);
-	    COMPILE(tmp, "args (cat: splat)", argn->nd_body);
-	    if (next_is_array && nsplat == 0) {
-		/* none */
-	    }
-	    else {
-		if (nd_type(argn) == NODE_ARGSCAT) {
-		    ADD_INSN1(tmp, nd_line(argn), splatarray, Qfalse);
-		}
-		else {
-		    ADD_INSN1(tmp, nd_line(argn), newarray, INT2FIX(1));
-		}
-	    }
-	    INSERT_LIST(args_splat, tmp);
-	    nsplat++;
-	    *flag |= VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT_BIT;
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
+    ADD_CALL_WITH_BLOCK(ret, line, id_core_set_postexe, argc, block);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)block);
+    iseq_set_local_table(iseq, 0);
+}
 
-	    if (next_is_array) {
-		argc = INT2FIX(compile_array(iseq, args, argn->nd_head, Qfalse) + 1);
-		POP_ELEMENT(args);
-	    }
-	    else {
-		argn = argn->nd_head;
-		goto setup_argn;
-	    }
-	    break;
-	  }
-	  case NODE_ARRAY: {
-	    argc = INT2FIX(compile_array(iseq, args, argn, Qfalse));
-	    POP_ELEMENT(args);
-	    break;
-	  }
-	  default: {
-	    rb_bug("setup_arg: unknown node: %s\n", ruby_node_name(nd_type(argn)));
-	  }
-	}
-    }
+static void
+compile_named_capture_assign(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node)
+{
+    const NODE *vars;
+    LINK_ELEMENT *last;
+    int line = nd_line(node);
+    LABEL *fail_label = NEW_LABEL(line), *end_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
 
-    if (nsplat > 1) {
-	int i;
-	for (i=1; i<nsplat; i++) {
-	    ADD_INSN(args_splat, nd_line(args), concatarray);
+#if !(defined(NAMED_CAPTURE_BY_SVAR) && NAMED_CAPTURE_BY_SVAR-0)
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getglobal, ID2SYM(idBACKREF));
+#else
+    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getspecial, INT2FIX(1) /* '~' */, INT2FIX(0));
+#endif
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, fail_label);
+
+    for (vars = node; vars; vars = vars->nd_next) {
+	INSN *cap;
+	if (vars->nd_next) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+	}
+	last = ret->last;
+        NO_CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ret, "capture", vars->nd_head));
+	last = last->next; /* putobject :var */
+	cap = new_insn_send(iseq, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(1),
+			    NULL, INT2FIX(0), NULL);
+	ELEM_INSERT_PREV(last->next, (LINK_ELEMENT *)cap);
+#if !defined(NAMED_CAPTURE_SINGLE_OPT) || NAMED_CAPTURE_SINGLE_OPT-0
+	if (!vars->nd_next && vars == node) {
+	    /* only one name */
+	    DECL_ANCHOR(nom);
+
+	    INIT_ANCHOR(nom);
+	    ADD_INSNL(nom, line, jump, end_label);
+	    ADD_LABEL(nom, fail_label);
+# if 0				/* $~ must be MatchData or nil */
+	    ADD_INSN(nom, line, pop);
+	    ADD_INSN(nom, line, putnil);
+# endif
+	    ADD_LABEL(nom, end_label);
+	    (nom->last->next = cap->link.next)->prev = nom->last;
+	    (cap->link.next = nom->anchor.next)->prev = &cap->link;
+	    return;
 	}
+#endif
     }
-
-    if (!LIST_SIZE_ZERO(args_splat)) {
-	ADD_SEQ(args, args_splat);
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, end_label);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, fail_label);
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+    for (vars = node; vars; vars = vars->nd_next) {
+	last = ret->last;
+        NO_CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ret, "capture", vars->nd_head));
+	last = last->next; /* putobject :var */
+	((INSN*)last)->insn_id = BIN(putnil);
+	((INSN*)last)->operand_size = 0;
     }
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, end_label);
+}
 
-    if (*flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG_BIT) {
-	ADD_SEQ(args, arg_block);
+static int
+optimizable_range_item_p(const NODE *n)
+{
+    if (!n) return FALSE;
+    switch (nd_type(n)) {
+      case NODE_LIT:
+        return RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(n->nd_lit);
+      case NODE_NIL:
+        return TRUE;
+      default:
+        return FALSE;
     }
-    return argc;
 }
 
-
-/**
-  compile each node
-
-  self:  InstructionSequence
-  node:  Ruby compiled node
-  poped: This node will be poped
- */
 static int
-iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
+compile_if(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped, const enum node_type type)
 {
-    enum node_type type;
-
-    if (node == 0) {
-	if (!poped) {
-	    debugs("node: NODE_NIL(implicit)\n");
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, iseq->compile_data->last_line, putnil);
-	}
-	return COMPILE_OK;
+    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+    const NODE *const node_body = type == NODE_IF ? node->nd_body : node->nd_else;
+    const NODE *const node_else = type == NODE_IF ? node->nd_else : node->nd_body;
+
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    DECL_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
+    DECL_ANCHOR(then_seq);
+    DECL_ANCHOR(else_seq);
+    LABEL *then_label, *else_label, *end_label;
+    VALUE branches = Qfalse;
+    int ci_size;
+    VALUE catch_table = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary;
+    long catch_table_size = NIL_P(catch_table) ? 0 : RARRAY_LEN(catch_table);
+
+    INIT_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(then_seq);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(else_seq);
+    then_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    else_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    end_label = 0;
+
+    compile_branch_condition(iseq, cond_seq, node->nd_cond,
+			     then_label, else_label);
+
+    ci_size = body->ci_size;
+    CHECK(COMPILE_(then_seq, "then", node_body, popped));
+    catch_table = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary;
+    if (!then_label->refcnt) {
+        body->ci_size = ci_size;
+        if (!NIL_P(catch_table)) rb_ary_set_len(catch_table, catch_table_size);
+    }
+    else {
+        if (!NIL_P(catch_table)) catch_table_size = RARRAY_LEN(catch_table);
     }
 
-    iseq->compile_data->last_line = (int)nd_line(node);
-    debug_node_start(node);
+    ci_size = body->ci_size;
+    CHECK(COMPILE_(else_seq, "else", node_else, popped));
+    catch_table = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->catch_table_ary;
+    if (!else_label->refcnt) {
+        body->ci_size = ci_size;
+        if (!NIL_P(catch_table)) rb_ary_set_len(catch_table, catch_table_size);
+    }
+    else {
+        if (!NIL_P(catch_table)) catch_table_size = RARRAY_LEN(catch_table);
+    }
 
-    type = nd_type(node);
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, cond_seq);
 
-    if (node->flags & NODE_FL_NEWLINE) {
-	ADD_TRACE(ret, nd_line(node), RUBY_EVENT_LINE);
+    if (then_label->refcnt && else_label->refcnt) {
+	branches = decl_branch_base(iseq, node, type == NODE_IF ? "if" : "unless");
     }
 
-    switch (type) {
-      case NODE_BLOCK:{
-	while (node && nd_type(node) == NODE_BLOCK) {
-	    COMPILE_(ret, "BLOCK body", node->nd_head,
-		     (node->nd_next == 0 && poped == 0) ? 0 : 1);
-	    node = node->nd_next;
-	}
-	if (node) {
-	    COMPILE_(ret, "BLOCK next", node->nd_next, poped);
-	}
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_IF:{
-	DECL_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
-	DECL_ANCHOR(then_seq);
-	DECL_ANCHOR(else_seq);
-	LABEL *then_label, *else_label, *end_label;
-
-	INIT_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
-	INIT_ANCHOR(then_seq);
-	INIT_ANCHOR(else_seq);
-	then_label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	else_label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	end_label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-
-	compile_branch_condition(iseq, cond_seq, node->nd_cond,
-				 then_label, else_label);
-	COMPILE_(then_seq, "then", node->nd_body, poped);
-	COMPILE_(else_seq, "else", node->nd_else, poped);
-
-	ADD_SEQ(ret, cond_seq);
-
+    if (then_label->refcnt) {
 	ADD_LABEL(ret, then_label);
+	if (else_label->refcnt) {
+	    add_trace_branch_coverage(
+                iseq,
+		ret,
+                node_body ? node_body : node,
+                0,
+		type == NODE_IF ? "then" : "else",
+		branches);
+	    end_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	    ADD_INSNL(then_seq, line, jump, end_label);
+            if (!popped) {
+                ADD_INSN(then_seq, line, pop);
+            }
+	}
 	ADD_SEQ(ret, then_seq);
-	ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), jump, end_label);
+    }
 
+    if (else_label->refcnt) {
 	ADD_LABEL(ret, else_label);
+	if (then_label->refcnt) {
+	    add_trace_branch_coverage(
+                iseq,
+		ret,
+                node_else ? node_else : node,
+                1,
+		type == NODE_IF ? "else" : "then",
+		branches);
+	}
 	ADD_SEQ(ret, else_seq);
+    }
 
+    if (end_label) {
 	ADD_LABEL(ret, end_label);
+    }
 
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_CASE:{
-	NODE *vals;
-	NODE *tempnode = node;
-	LABEL *endlabel, *elselabel;
-	DECL_ANCHOR(head);
-	DECL_ANCHOR(body_seq);
-	DECL_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
-	VALUE special_literals = rb_ary_tmp_new(1);
-
-	INIT_ANCHOR(head);
-	INIT_ANCHOR(body_seq);
-	INIT_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
-	if (node->nd_head == 0) {
-	    COMPILE_(ret, "when", node->nd_body, poped);
-	    break;
-	}
-	COMPILE(head, "case base", node->nd_head);
-
-	node = node->nd_body;
-	type = nd_type(node);
-
-	if (type != NODE_WHEN) {
-	    COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "NODE_CASE: unexpected node. must be NODE_WHEN, but %s", ruby_node_name(type)));
-	}
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
 
-	endlabel = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	elselabel = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+static int
+compile_case(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const orig_node, int popped)
+{
+    const NODE *vals;
+    const NODE *node = orig_node;
+    LABEL *endlabel, *elselabel;
+    DECL_ANCHOR(head);
+    DECL_ANCHOR(body_seq);
+    DECL_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
+    int only_special_literals = 1;
+    VALUE literals = rb_hash_new();
+    int line;
+    enum node_type type;
+    VALUE branches = Qfalse;
+    int branch_id = 0;
 
-	ADD_SEQ(ret, head);	/* case VAL */
+    INIT_ANCHOR(head);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(body_seq);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
 
-	while (type == NODE_WHEN) {
-	    LABEL *l1;
+    RHASH_TBL_RAW(literals)->type = &cdhash_type;
 
-	    l1 = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	    ADD_LABEL(body_seq, l1);
-	    ADD_INSN(body_seq, nd_line(node), pop);
-	    COMPILE_(body_seq, "when body", node->nd_body, poped);
-	    ADD_INSNL(body_seq, nd_line(node), jump, endlabel);
+    CHECK(COMPILE(head, "case base", node->nd_head));
 
-	    vals = node->nd_head;
-	    if (vals) {
-		switch (nd_type(vals)) {
-		  case NODE_ARRAY:
-		    special_literals = when_vals(iseq, cond_seq, vals, l1, special_literals);
-		    break;
-		  case NODE_SPLAT:
-		  case NODE_ARGSCAT:
-		  case NODE_ARGSPUSH:
-		    special_literals = 0;
-		    COMPILE(cond_seq, "when/cond splat", vals);
-		    ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, nd_line(vals), checkincludearray, Qtrue);
-		    ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, nd_line(vals), branchif, l1);
-		    break;
-		  default:
-		    rb_bug("NODE_CASE: unknown node (%s)",
-			   ruby_node_name(nd_type(vals)));
-		}
-	    }
-	    else {
-		rb_bug("NODE_CASE: must be NODE_ARRAY, but 0");
-	    }
+    branches = decl_branch_base(iseq, node, "case");
 
-	    node = node->nd_next;
-	    if (!node) {
+    node = node->nd_body;
+    EXPECT_NODE("NODE_CASE", node, NODE_WHEN, COMPILE_NG);
+    type = nd_type(node);
+    line = nd_line(node);
+
+    endlabel = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    elselabel = NEW_LABEL(line);
+
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, head);	/* case VAL */
+
+    while (type == NODE_WHEN) {
+	LABEL *l1;
+
+	l1 = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	ADD_LABEL(body_seq, l1);
+	ADD_INSN(body_seq, line, pop);
+	add_trace_branch_coverage(
+                iseq,
+		body_seq,
+                node->nd_body ? node->nd_body : node,
+                branch_id++,
+		"when",
+		branches);
+	CHECK(COMPILE_(body_seq, "when body", node->nd_body, popped));
+	ADD_INSNL(body_seq, line, jump, endlabel);
+
+	vals = node->nd_head;
+	if (vals) {
+	    switch (nd_type(vals)) {
+	      case NODE_LIST:
+		only_special_literals = when_vals(iseq, cond_seq, vals, l1, only_special_literals, literals);
+		if (only_special_literals < 0) return COMPILE_NG;
+		break;
+	      case NODE_SPLAT:
+	      case NODE_ARGSCAT:
+	      case NODE_ARGSPUSH:
+		only_special_literals = 0;
+		CHECK(when_splat_vals(iseq, cond_seq, vals, l1, only_special_literals, literals));
 		break;
+	      default:
+		UNKNOWN_NODE("NODE_CASE", vals, COMPILE_NG);
 	    }
-	    type = nd_type(node);
-	}
-	/* else */
-	if (node) {
-	    ADD_LABEL(cond_seq, elselabel);
-	    ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(node), pop);
-	    COMPILE_(cond_seq, "else", node, poped);
-	    ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, nd_line(node), jump, endlabel);
 	}
 	else {
-	    debugs("== else (implicit)\n");
-	    ADD_LABEL(cond_seq, elselabel);
-	    ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(tempnode), pop);
-	    if (!poped) {
-		ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(tempnode), putnil);
-	    }
-	    ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, nd_line(tempnode), jump, endlabel);
+	    EXPECT_NODE_NONULL("NODE_CASE", node, NODE_LIST, COMPILE_NG);
 	}
 
-	if (special_literals) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(tempnode), dup);
-	    ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(tempnode), opt_case_dispatch,
-		      special_literals, elselabel);
-	    iseq_add_mark_object_compile_time(iseq, special_literals);
+	node = node->nd_next;
+	if (!node) {
+	    break;
 	}
+	type = nd_type(node);
+	line = nd_line(node);
+    }
+    /* else */
+    if (node) {
+	ADD_LABEL(cond_seq, elselabel);
+	ADD_INSN(cond_seq, line, pop);
+	add_trace_branch_coverage(iseq, cond_seq, node, branch_id, "else", branches);
+	CHECK(COMPILE_(cond_seq, "else", node, popped));
+	ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, line, jump, endlabel);
+    }
+    else {
+	debugs("== else (implicit)\n");
+	ADD_LABEL(cond_seq, elselabel);
+	ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), pop);
+	add_trace_branch_coverage(iseq, cond_seq, orig_node, branch_id, "else", branches);
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), putnil);
+	}
+	ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), jump, endlabel);
+    }
 
-	ADD_SEQ(ret, cond_seq);
-	ADD_SEQ(ret, body_seq);
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, endlabel);
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_WHEN:{
-	NODE *vals;
-	NODE *val;
-	NODE *orig_node = node;
-	LABEL *endlabel;
-	DECL_ANCHOR(body_seq);
-
-	INIT_ANCHOR(body_seq);
-	endlabel = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-
-	while (node && nd_type(node) == NODE_WHEN) {
-	    LABEL *l1 = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	    ADD_LABEL(body_seq, l1);
-	    COMPILE_(body_seq, "when", node->nd_body, poped);
-	    ADD_INSNL(body_seq, nd_line(node), jump, endlabel);
-
-	    vals = node->nd_head;
-	    if (!vals) {
-		rb_bug("NODE_WHEN: must be NODE_ARRAY, but 0");
-	    }
-	    switch (nd_type(vals)) {
-	      case NODE_ARRAY:
-		while (vals) {
-		    val = vals->nd_head;
-		    COMPILE(ret, "when2", val);
-		    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(val), branchif, l1);
-		    vals = vals->nd_next;
-		}
-		break;
-	      case NODE_SPLAT:
-	      case NODE_ARGSCAT:
-	      case NODE_ARGSPUSH:
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(vals), putnil);
-		COMPILE(ret, "when2/cond splat", vals);
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(vals), checkincludearray, Qfalse);
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(vals), pop);
-		ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(vals), branchif, l1);
-		break;
-	      default:
-		rb_bug("NODE_WHEN: unknown node (%s)",
-		       ruby_node_name(nd_type(vals)));
+    if (only_special_literals && ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->specialized_instruction) {
+	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(orig_node), dup);
+	ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(orig_node), opt_case_dispatch, literals, elselabel);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, literals);
+	LABEL_REF(elselabel);
+    }
+
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, cond_seq);
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, body_seq);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, endlabel);
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_case2(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const orig_node, int popped)
+{
+    const NODE *vals;
+    const NODE *val;
+    const NODE *node = orig_node->nd_body;
+    LABEL *endlabel;
+    DECL_ANCHOR(body_seq);
+    VALUE branches = Qfalse;
+    int branch_id = 0;
+
+    branches = decl_branch_base(iseq, orig_node, "case");
+
+    INIT_ANCHOR(body_seq);
+    endlabel = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+
+    while (node && nd_type(node) == NODE_WHEN) {
+	const int line = nd_line(node);
+	LABEL *l1 = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	ADD_LABEL(body_seq, l1);
+	add_trace_branch_coverage(
+                iseq,
+		body_seq,
+		node->nd_body ? node->nd_body : node,
+                branch_id++,
+		"when",
+		branches);
+	CHECK(COMPILE_(body_seq, "when", node->nd_body, popped));
+	ADD_INSNL(body_seq, line, jump, endlabel);
+
+	vals = node->nd_head;
+	if (!vals) {
+            EXPECT_NODE_NONULL("NODE_WHEN", node, NODE_LIST, COMPILE_NG);
+	}
+	switch (nd_type(vals)) {
+	  case NODE_LIST:
+	    while (vals) {
+		LABEL *lnext;
+		val = vals->nd_head;
+		lnext = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(val));
+		debug_compile("== when2\n", (void)0);
+		CHECK(compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, val, l1, lnext));
+		ADD_LABEL(ret, lnext);
+		vals = vals->nd_next;
 	    }
-	    node = node->nd_next;
+	    break;
+	  case NODE_SPLAT:
+	  case NODE_ARGSCAT:
+	  case NODE_ARGSPUSH:
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(vals), putnil);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "when2/cond splat", vals));
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(vals), checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_WHEN | VM_CHECKMATCH_ARRAY));
+	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(vals), branchif, l1);
+	    break;
+	  default:
+	    UNKNOWN_NODE("NODE_WHEN", vals, COMPILE_NG);
 	}
-	/* else */
-	COMPILE_(ret, "else", node, poped);
-	ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(orig_node), jump, endlabel);
+	node = node->nd_next;
+    }
+    /* else */
+    add_trace_branch_coverage(
+        iseq,
+	ret,
+        node ? node : orig_node,
+        branch_id,
+	"else",
+	branches);
+    CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "else", node, popped));
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(orig_node), jump, endlabel);
+
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, body_seq);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, endlabel);
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
 
-	ADD_SEQ(ret, body_seq);
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, endlabel);
+static int iseq_compile_pattern_match(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, LABEL *unmatched, int in_alt_pattern, int deconstructed_pos);
 
-	break;
+static int iseq_compile_array_deconstruct(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, LABEL *deconstruct, LABEL *deconstructed, LABEL *match_failed, LABEL *type_error, int deconstructed_pos);
+
+static int
+iseq_compile_pattern_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, LABEL *matched, LABEL *unmatched, int in_alt_pattern, int deconstructed_pos)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+
+    switch (nd_type(node)) {
+      case NODE_ARYPTN: {
+        /*
+         *   if pattern.use_rest_num?
+         *     rest_num = 0
+         *   end
+         *   if pattern.has_constant_node?
+         *     unless pattern.constant === obj
+         *       goto match_failed
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   unless obj.respond_to?(:deconstruct)
+         *     goto match_failed
+         *   end
+         *   d = obj.deconstruct
+         *   unless Array === d
+         *     goto type_error
+         *   end
+         *   min_argc = pattern.pre_args_num + pattern.post_args_num
+         *   if pattern.has_rest_arg?
+         *     unless d.length >= min_argc
+         *       goto match_failed
+         *     end
+         *   else
+         *     unless d.length == min_argc
+         *       goto match_failed
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   pattern.pre_args_num.each do |i|
+         *     unless pattern.pre_args[i].match?(d[i])
+         *       goto match_failed
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   if pattern.use_rest_num?
+         *     rest_num = d.length - min_argc
+         *     if pattern.has_rest_arg? && pattern.has_rest_arg_id # not `*`, but `*rest`
+         *       unless pattern.rest_arg.match?(d[pattern.pre_args_num, rest_num])
+         *         goto match_failed
+         *       end
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   pattern.post_args_num.each do |i|
+         *     j = pattern.pre_args_num + i
+         *     j += rest_num
+         *     unless pattern.post_args[i].match?(d[j])
+         *       goto match_failed
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   goto matched
+         * type_error:
+         *   FrozenCore.raise TypeError
+         * match_failed:
+         *   goto unmatched
+         */
+        struct rb_ary_pattern_info *apinfo = node->nd_apinfo;
+        const NODE *args = apinfo->pre_args;
+        const int pre_args_num = apinfo->pre_args ? rb_long2int(apinfo->pre_args->nd_alen) : 0;
+        const int post_args_num = apinfo->post_args ? rb_long2int(apinfo->post_args->nd_alen) : 0;
+
+        const int min_argc = pre_args_num + post_args_num;
+        const int use_rest_num = apinfo->rest_arg && (NODE_NAMED_REST_P(apinfo->rest_arg) ||
+                                                      (!NODE_NAMED_REST_P(apinfo->rest_arg) && post_args_num > 0));
+
+        LABEL *match_failed, *type_error, *deconstruct, *deconstructed;
+        int i;
+        match_failed = NEW_LABEL(line);
+        type_error = NEW_LABEL(line);
+        deconstruct = NEW_LABEL(line);
+        deconstructed = NEW_LABEL(line);
+
+        if (use_rest_num) {
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(0)); /* allocate stack for rest_num */
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+            if (deconstructed_pos) {
+                deconstructed_pos++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (node->nd_pconst) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+            CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "constant", node->nd_pconst));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_CASE));
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+        }
+
+        CHECK(iseq_compile_array_deconstruct(iseq, ret, node, deconstruct, deconstructed, match_failed, type_error, deconstructed_pos));
+
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, idLength, INT2FIX(0));
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(min_argc));
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, apinfo->rest_arg ? idGE : idEq, INT2FIX(1));
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < pre_args_num; i++) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(i));
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(1));
+            CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, ret, args->nd_head, match_failed, in_alt_pattern, FALSE));
+            args = args->nd_next;
+        }
+
+        if (apinfo->rest_arg) {
+            if (NODE_NAMED_REST_P(apinfo->rest_arg)) {
+                ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(pre_args_num));
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(1));
+                ADD_SEND(ret, line, idLength, INT2FIX(0));
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(min_argc));
+                ADD_SEND(ret, line, idMINUS, INT2FIX(1));
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, INT2FIX(4));
+                ADD_SEND(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(2));
+
+                CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, ret, apinfo->rest_arg, match_failed, in_alt_pattern, FALSE));
+            }
+            else {
+                if (post_args_num > 0) {
+                    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+                    ADD_SEND(ret, line, idLength, INT2FIX(0));
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(min_argc));
+                    ADD_SEND(ret, line, idMINUS, INT2FIX(1));
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, INT2FIX(2));
+                    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        args = apinfo->post_args;
+        for (i = 0; i < post_args_num; i++) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(pre_args_num + i));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(3));
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, idPLUS, INT2FIX(1));
+
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(1));
+            CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, ret, args->nd_head, match_failed, in_alt_pattern, FALSE));
+            args = args->nd_next;
+        }
+
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        if (use_rest_num) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        }
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, matched);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        if (use_rest_num) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        }
+
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, type_error);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_eTypeError);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_fstring_lit("deconstruct must return Array"));
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_raise, INT2FIX(2));
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, match_failed);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        if (use_rest_num) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        }
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, unmatched);
+
+        break;
       }
-      case NODE_OPT_N:
-      case NODE_WHILE:
-      case NODE_UNTIL:{
-	LABEL *prev_start_label = iseq->compile_data->start_label;
-	LABEL *prev_end_label = iseq->compile_data->end_label;
-	LABEL *prev_redo_label = iseq->compile_data->redo_label;
-	int prev_loopval_popped = iseq->compile_data->loopval_popped;
+      case NODE_FNDPTN: {
+        /*
+         *   if pattern.has_constant_node?
+         *     unless pattern.constant === obj
+         *       goto match_failed
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   unless obj.respond_to?(:deconstruct)
+         *     goto match_failed
+         *   end
+         *   d = obj.deconstruct
+         *   unless Array === d
+         *     goto type_error
+         *   end
+         *   unless d.length >= pattern.args_num
+         *     goto match_failed
+         *   end
+         *
+         *   begin
+         *     len = d.length
+         *     limit = d.length - pattern.args_num
+         *     i = 0
+         *     while i <= limit
+         *       if pattern.args_num.times.all? {|j| pattern.args[j].match?(d[i+j]) }
+         *         if pattern.has_pre_rest_arg_id
+         *           unless pattern.pre_rest_arg.match?(d[0, i])
+         *             goto find_failed
+         *           end
+         *         end
+         *         if pattern.has_post_rest_arg_id
+         *           unless pattern.post_rest_arg.match?(d[i+pattern.args_num, len])
+         *             goto find_failed
+         *           end
+         *         end
+         *         goto find_succeeded
+         *       end
+         *       i+=1
+         *     end
+         *   find_failed:
+         *     goto match_failed
+         *   find_succeeded:
+         *   end
+         *
+         *   goto matched
+         * type_error:
+         *   FrozenCore.raise TypeError
+         * match_failed:
+         *   goto unmatched
+         */
+        struct rb_fnd_pattern_info *fpinfo = node->nd_fpinfo;
+        const NODE *args = fpinfo->args;
+        const int args_num = fpinfo->args ? rb_long2int(fpinfo->args->nd_alen) : 0;
+
+        LABEL *match_failed, *type_error, *deconstruct, *deconstructed;
+        match_failed = NEW_LABEL(line);
+        type_error = NEW_LABEL(line);
+        deconstruct = NEW_LABEL(line);
+        deconstructed = NEW_LABEL(line);
+
+        if (node->nd_pconst) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+            CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "constant", node->nd_pconst));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_CASE));
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+        }
+
+        CHECK(iseq_compile_array_deconstruct(iseq, ret, node, deconstruct, deconstructed, match_failed, type_error, deconstructed_pos));
+
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, idLength, INT2FIX(0));
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(args_num));
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, idGE, INT2FIX(1));
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+
+        {
+            LABEL *while_begin = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+            LABEL *next_loop = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+            LABEL *find_succeeded = NEW_LABEL(line);
+            LABEL *find_failed = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+            int j;
+
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup); /* allocate stack for len */
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, idLength, INT2FIX(0));
+
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup); /* allocate stack for limit */
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(args_num));
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, idMINUS, INT2FIX(1));
+
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(0)); /* allocate stack for i */
+
+            ADD_LABEL(ret, while_begin);
+
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(2));
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, idLE, INT2FIX(1));
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, find_failed);
+
+            for (j = 0; j < args_num; j++) {
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(3));
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(1));
+                if (j != 0) {
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(j));
+                    ADD_SEND(ret, line, idPLUS, INT2FIX(1));
+                }
+                ADD_SEND(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(1));
+
+                CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, ret, args->nd_head, next_loop, in_alt_pattern, FALSE));
+                args = args->nd_next;
+            }
+
+            if (NODE_NAMED_REST_P(fpinfo->pre_rest_arg)) {
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(3));
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(0));
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(2));
+                ADD_SEND(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(2));
+                CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, ret, fpinfo->pre_rest_arg, find_failed, in_alt_pattern, FALSE));
+            }
+            if (NODE_NAMED_REST_P(fpinfo->post_rest_arg)) {
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(3));
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(1));
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(args_num));
+                ADD_SEND(ret, line, idPLUS, INT2FIX(1));
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(3));
+                ADD_SEND(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(2));
+                CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, ret, fpinfo->post_rest_arg, find_failed, in_alt_pattern, FALSE));
+            }
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, find_succeeded);
+
+            ADD_LABEL(ret, next_loop);
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(1));
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, idPLUS, INT2FIX(1));
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, while_begin);
+
+            ADD_LABEL(ret, find_failed);
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, match_failed);
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, dupn, INT2FIX(3));
+
+            ADD_LABEL(ret, find_succeeded);
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        }
+
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, matched);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, type_error);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_eTypeError);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_fstring_lit("deconstruct must return Array"));
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_raise, INT2FIX(2));
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, match_failed);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, unmatched);
+
+        break;
+      }
+      case NODE_HSHPTN: {
+        /*
+         *   keys = nil
+         *   if pattern.has_kw_args_node? && !pattern.has_kw_rest_arg_node?
+         *     keys = pattern.kw_args_node.keys
+         *   end
+         *   if pattern.has_constant_node?
+         *     unless pattern.constant === obj
+         *       goto match_failed
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   unless obj.respond_to?(:deconstruct_keys)
+         *     goto match_failed
+         *   end
+         *   d = obj.deconstruct_keys(keys)
+         *   unless Hash === d
+         *     goto type_error
+         *   end
+         *   if pattern.has_kw_rest_arg_node?
+         *     d = d.dup
+         *   end
+         *   if pattern.has_kw_args_node?
+         *     pattern.kw_args_node.each |k,|
+         *       unless d.key?(k)
+         *         goto match_failed
+         *       end
+         *     end
+         *     pattern.kw_args_node.each |k, pat|
+         *       if pattern.has_kw_rest_arg_node?
+         *         unless pat.match?(d.delete(k))
+         *           goto match_failed
+         *         end
+         *       else
+         *         unless pat.match?(d[k])
+         *           goto match_failed
+         *         end
+         *       end
+         *     end
+         *   else
+         *     unless d.empty?
+         *       goto match_failed
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   if pattern.has_kw_rest_arg_node?
+         *     if pattern.no_rest_keyword?
+         *       unless d.empty?
+         *         goto match_failed
+         *       end
+         *     else
+         *       unless pattern.kw_rest_arg_node.match?(d)
+         *         goto match_failed
+         *       end
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   goto matched
+         * type_error:
+         *   FrozenCore.raise TypeError
+         * match_failed:
+         *   goto unmatched
+         */
+        LABEL *match_failed, *type_error;
+        VALUE keys = Qnil;
+
+        match_failed = NEW_LABEL(line);
+        type_error = NEW_LABEL(line);
+
+        if (node->nd_pkwargs && !node->nd_pkwrestarg) {
+            const NODE *kw_args = node->nd_pkwargs->nd_head;
+            keys = rb_ary_new_capa(kw_args ? kw_args->nd_alen/2 : 0);
+            while (kw_args) {
+                rb_ary_push(keys, kw_args->nd_head->nd_lit);
+                kw_args = kw_args->nd_next->nd_next;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (node->nd_pconst) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+            CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "constant", node->nd_pconst));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_CASE));
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+        }
+
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ID2SYM(rb_intern("deconstruct_keys")));
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, idRespond_to, INT2FIX(1));
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+
+        if (NIL_P(keys)) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        }
+        else {
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, duparray, keys);
+            RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, rb_obj_hide(keys));
+        }
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, rb_intern("deconstruct_keys"), INT2FIX(1));
+
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checktype, INT2FIX(T_HASH));
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, type_error);
+
+        if (node->nd_pkwrestarg) {
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, rb_intern("dup"), INT2FIX(0));
+        }
+
+        if (node->nd_pkwargs) {
+            int i;
+            int keys_num;
+            const NODE *args;
+            args = node->nd_pkwargs->nd_head;
+            if (args) {
+                DECL_ANCHOR(match_values);
+                INIT_ANCHOR(match_values);
+                keys_num = rb_long2int(args->nd_alen) / 2;
+                for (i = 0; i < keys_num; i++) {
+                    NODE *key_node = args->nd_head;
+                    NODE *value_node = args->nd_next->nd_head;
+                    VALUE key;
+
+                    if (nd_type(key_node) != NODE_LIT) {
+                        UNKNOWN_NODE("NODE_IN", key_node, COMPILE_NG);
+                    }
+                    key = key_node->nd_lit;
+
+                    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, key);
+                    ADD_SEND(ret, line, rb_intern("key?"), INT2FIX(1));
+                    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+
+                    ADD_INSN(match_values, line, dup);
+                    ADD_INSN1(match_values, line, putobject, key);
+                    ADD_SEND(match_values, line, node->nd_pkwrestarg ? rb_intern("delete") : idAREF, INT2FIX(1));
+                    CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, match_values, value_node, match_failed, in_alt_pattern, FALSE));
+                    args = args->nd_next->nd_next;
+                }
+                ADD_SEQ(ret, match_values);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+            ADD_SEND(ret, line, idEmptyP, INT2FIX(0));
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+        }
+
+        if (node->nd_pkwrestarg) {
+            if (node->nd_pkwrestarg == NODE_SPECIAL_NO_REST_KEYWORD) {
+                ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+                ADD_SEND(ret, line, idEmptyP, INT2FIX(0));
+                ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+            }
+            else {
+                ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+                CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, ret, node->nd_pkwrestarg, match_failed, in_alt_pattern, FALSE));
+            }
+        }
+
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, matched);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, type_error);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_eTypeError);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_fstring_lit("deconstruct_keys must return Hash"));
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_raise, INT2FIX(2));
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, match_failed);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, unmatched);
+        break;
+      }
+      case NODE_LIT:
+      case NODE_STR:
+      case NODE_XSTR:
+      case NODE_DSTR:
+      case NODE_DSYM:
+      case NODE_DREGX:
+      case NODE_LIST:
+      case NODE_ZLIST:
+      case NODE_LAMBDA:
+      case NODE_DOT2:
+      case NODE_DOT3:
+      case NODE_CONST:
+      case NODE_LVAR:
+      case NODE_DVAR:
+      case NODE_TRUE:
+      case NODE_FALSE:
+      case NODE_SELF:
+      case NODE_NIL:
+      case NODE_COLON2:
+      case NODE_COLON3:
+        CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "case in literal", node));
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_CASE));
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, matched);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, unmatched);
+        break;
+      case NODE_LASGN: {
+        struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+        ID id = node->nd_vid;
+        int idx = body->local_iseq->body->local_table_size - get_local_var_idx(iseq, id);
+
+        if (in_alt_pattern) {
+            const char *name = rb_id2name(id);
+            if (name && strlen(name) > 0 && name[0] != '_') {
+                COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "illegal variable in alternative pattern (%"PRIsVALUE")",
+                              rb_id2str(id));
+                return COMPILE_NG;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ADD_SETLOCAL(ret, line, idx, get_lvar_level(iseq));
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, matched);
+        break;
+      }
+      case NODE_DASGN:
+      case NODE_DASGN_CURR: {
+        int idx, lv, ls;
+        ID id = node->nd_vid;
+
+        idx = get_dyna_var_idx(iseq, id, &lv, &ls);
+
+        if (in_alt_pattern) {
+            const char *name = rb_id2name(id);
+            if (name && strlen(name) > 0 && name[0] != '_') {
+                COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "illegal variable in alternative pattern (%"PRIsVALUE")",
+                              rb_id2str(id));
+                return COMPILE_NG;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (idx < 0) {
+            COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "NODE_DASGN(_CURR): unknown id (%"PRIsVALUE")",
+                          rb_id2str(id));
+            return COMPILE_NG;
+        }
+        ADD_SETLOCAL(ret, line, ls - idx, lv);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, matched);
+        break;
+      }
+      case NODE_IF:
+      case NODE_UNLESS: {
+        LABEL *match_failed;
+        match_failed = unmatched;
+        CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, ret, node->nd_body, unmatched, in_alt_pattern, deconstructed_pos));
+        CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "case in if", node->nd_cond));
+        if (nd_type(node) == NODE_IF) {
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+        }
+        else {
+            ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, match_failed);
+        }
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, matched);
+        break;
+      }
+      case NODE_HASH: {
+        NODE *n;
+        LABEL *match_failed;
+        match_failed = NEW_LABEL(line);
+
+        n = node->nd_head;
+        if (! (nd_type(n) == NODE_LIST && n->nd_alen == 2)) {
+            COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "unexpected node");
+            return COMPILE_NG;
+        }
+
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+        CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_match(iseq, ret, n->nd_head, match_failed, in_alt_pattern, deconstructed_pos ? deconstructed_pos + 1 : FALSE));
+        CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_each(iseq, ret, n->nd_next->nd_head, matched, match_failed, in_alt_pattern, FALSE));
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, match_failed);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, unmatched);
+        break;
+      }
+      case NODE_OR: {
+        LABEL *match_succeeded, *fin;
+        match_succeeded = NEW_LABEL(line);
+        fin = NEW_LABEL(line);
+
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+        CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_each(iseq, ret, node->nd_1st, match_succeeded, fin, TRUE, deconstructed_pos ? deconstructed_pos + 1 : FALSE));
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, match_succeeded);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, matched);
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+        ADD_LABEL(ret, fin);
+        CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_each(iseq, ret, node->nd_2nd, matched, unmatched, TRUE, deconstructed_pos));
+        break;
+      }
+      default:
+        UNKNOWN_NODE("NODE_IN", node, COMPILE_NG);
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
 
-	struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack enl;
+static int
+iseq_compile_pattern_match(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, LABEL *unmatched, int in_alt_pattern, int deconstructed_pos)
+{
+    LABEL *fin = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+    CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_each(iseq, ret, node, fin, unmatched, in_alt_pattern, deconstructed_pos));
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, fin);
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
 
-	LABEL *next_label = iseq->compile_data->start_label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));	/* next  */
-	LABEL *redo_label = iseq->compile_data->redo_label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));	/* redo  */
-	LABEL *break_label = iseq->compile_data->end_label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));	/* break */
-	LABEL *end_label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+static int
+iseq_compile_array_deconstruct(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, LABEL *deconstruct, LABEL *deconstructed, LABEL *match_failed, LABEL *type_error, int deconstructed_pos)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+
+    // NOTE: this optimization allows us to re-use the #deconstruct value
+    // (or its absence).
+    // `deconstructed_pos` contains the distance to the stack relative location
+    // where the value is stored.
+    if (deconstructed_pos) {
+        // If value is nil then we haven't tried to deconstruct
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(deconstructed_pos));
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchnil, deconstruct);
+
+        // If false then the value is not deconstructable
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(deconstructed_pos));
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
+
+        // Drop value, add deconstructed to the stack and jump
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(deconstructed_pos - 1));
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, deconstructed);
+    }
+    else {
+        ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, deconstruct);
+    }
 
-	LABEL *next_catch_label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	LABEL *tmp_label = NULL;
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, deconstruct);
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ID2SYM(rb_intern("deconstruct")));
+    ADD_SEND(ret, line, idRespond_to, INT2FIX(1));
 
-	iseq->compile_data->loopval_popped = 0;
-	push_ensure_entry(iseq, &enl, 0, 0);
+    // Cache the result of respond_to? (in case it's false is stays there, if true - it's overwritten after #deconstruct)
+    if (deconstructed_pos) {
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, INT2FIX(deconstructed_pos + 1));
+    }
 
-	if (type == NODE_OPT_N || node->nd_state == 1) {
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), jump, next_label);
-	}
-	else {
-	    tmp_label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), jump, tmp_label);
-	}
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, next_catch_label);
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-	ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), jump, next_label);
-	if (tmp_label) ADD_LABEL(ret, tmp_label);
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, match_failed);
 
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, redo_label);
-	COMPILE_POPED(ret, "while body", node->nd_body);
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, next_label);	/* next */
+    ADD_SEND(ret, line, rb_intern("deconstruct"), INT2FIX(0));
 
-	if (type == NODE_WHILE) {
-	    compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, node->nd_cond,
-				     redo_label, end_label);
-	}
-	else if (type == NODE_UNTIL) {
-	    /* untile */
-	    compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, node->nd_cond,
-				     end_label, redo_label);
-	}
-	else {
-	    ADD_CALL_RECEIVER(ret, nd_line(node));
-	    ADD_CALL(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(idGets), INT2FIX(0));
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchif, redo_label);
-	    /* opt_n */
-	}
+    // Cache the result (if it's cacheable - currently, only top-level array patterns)
+    if (deconstructed_pos) {
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, INT2FIX(deconstructed_pos));
+    }
 
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, end_label);
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checktype, INT2FIX(T_ARRAY));
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, type_error);
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, deconstructed);
 
-	if (node->nd_state == Qundef) {
-	    /* ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putundef); */
-	    rb_bug("unsupported: putundef");
-	}
-	else {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	}
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, deconstructed);
 
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, break_label);	/* break */
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-	}
+static int
+compile_case3(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const orig_node, int popped)
+{
+    const NODE *pattern;
+    const NODE *node = orig_node;
+    LABEL *endlabel, *elselabel;
+    DECL_ANCHOR(head);
+    DECL_ANCHOR(body_seq);
+    DECL_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
+    int line;
+    enum node_type type;
+    VALUE branches = 0;
+    int branch_id = 0;
 
-	ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_BREAK, redo_label, break_label,
-			0, break_label);
-	ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_NEXT, redo_label, break_label, 0,
-			next_catch_label);
-	ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_REDO, redo_label, break_label, 0,
-			iseq->compile_data->redo_label);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(head);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(body_seq);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(cond_seq);
 
-	iseq->compile_data->start_label = prev_start_label;
-	iseq->compile_data->end_label = prev_end_label;
-	iseq->compile_data->redo_label = prev_redo_label;
-	iseq->compile_data->loopval_popped = prev_loopval_popped;
-	iseq->compile_data->ensure_node_stack = iseq->compile_data->ensure_node_stack->prev;
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_ITER:
-      case NODE_FOR:{
-	VALUE prevblock = iseq->compile_data->current_block;
-	LABEL *retry_label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	LABEL *retry_end_l = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	ID mid = 0;
+    branches = decl_branch_base(iseq, node, "case");
 
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, retry_label);
-	if (nd_type(node) == NODE_FOR) {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "iter caller (for)", node->nd_iter);
+    node = node->nd_body;
+    EXPECT_NODE("NODE_CASE3", node, NODE_IN, COMPILE_NG);
+    type = nd_type(node);
+    line = nd_line(node);
+
+    endlabel = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    elselabel = NEW_LABEL(line);
+
+    ADD_INSN(head, line, putnil); /* allocate stack for cached #deconstruct value */
+
+    CHECK(COMPILE(head, "case base", orig_node->nd_head));
+
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, head);	/* case VAL */
+
+    while (type == NODE_IN) {
+        LABEL *l1;
+
+        if (branch_id) {
+            ADD_INSN(body_seq, line, putnil);
+        }
+        l1 = NEW_LABEL(line);
+        ADD_LABEL(body_seq, l1);
+        ADD_INSN(body_seq, line, pop);
+        ADD_INSN(body_seq, line, pop); /* discard cached #deconstruct value */
+        add_trace_branch_coverage(
+            iseq,
+            body_seq,
+            node->nd_body ? node->nd_body : node,
+            branch_id++,
+            "in",
+            branches);
+        CHECK(COMPILE_(body_seq, "in body", node->nd_body, popped));
+        ADD_INSNL(body_seq, line, jump, endlabel);
+
+        pattern = node->nd_head;
+        if (pattern) {
+            int pat_line = nd_line(pattern);
+            LABEL *next_pat = NEW_LABEL(pat_line);
+            ADD_INSN (cond_seq, pat_line, dup);
+            // NOTE: set deconstructed_pos to the current cached value location
+            // (it's "under" the matchee value, so it's position is 2)
+            CHECK(iseq_compile_pattern_each(iseq, cond_seq, pattern, l1, next_pat, FALSE, 2));
+            ADD_LABEL(cond_seq, next_pat);
+            LABEL_UNREMOVABLE(next_pat);
+        }
+        else {
+            COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "unexpected node");
+            return COMPILE_NG;
+        }
+
+        node = node->nd_next;
+        if (!node) {
+            break;
+        }
+        type = nd_type(node);
+        line = nd_line(node);
+    }
+    /* else */
+    if (node) {
+        ADD_LABEL(cond_seq, elselabel);
+        ADD_INSN(cond_seq, line, pop);
+        ADD_INSN(cond_seq, line, pop); /* discard cached #deconstruct value */
+        add_trace_branch_coverage(iseq, cond_seq, node, branch_id, "else", branches);
+        CHECK(COMPILE_(cond_seq, "else", node, popped));
+        ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, line, jump, endlabel);
+        ADD_INSN(cond_seq, line, putnil);
+        if (popped) {
+            ADD_INSN(cond_seq, line, putnil);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        debugs("== else (implicit)\n");
+        ADD_LABEL(cond_seq, elselabel);
+        add_trace_branch_coverage(iseq, cond_seq, orig_node, branch_id, "else", branches);
+        ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
+        ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), putobject, rb_eNoMatchingPatternError);
+        ADD_INSN1(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), topn, INT2FIX(2));
+        ADD_SEND(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), id_core_raise, INT2FIX(2));
+        ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), pop);
+        ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), pop);
+        ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), pop); /* discard cached #deconstruct value */
+        if (!popped) {
+            ADD_INSN(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), putnil);
+        }
+        ADD_INSNL(cond_seq, nd_line(orig_node), jump, endlabel);
+        ADD_INSN(cond_seq, line, putnil);
+        if (popped) {
+            ADD_INSN(cond_seq, line, putnil);
+        }
+    }
 
-	    iseq->compile_data->current_block =
-		NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(node->nd_body, make_name_for_block(iseq),
-				  ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, nd_line(node));
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, cond_seq);
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, body_seq);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, endlabel);
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
 
-	    mid = idEach;
-	    ADD_SEND_R(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(idEach), INT2FIX(0),
-		       iseq->compile_data->current_block, INT2FIX(0));
-	}
-	else {
-	    iseq->compile_data->current_block =
-		NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(node->nd_body, make_name_for_block(iseq),
-				  ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, nd_line(node));
-	    COMPILE(ret, "iter caller", node->nd_iter);
-	}
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, retry_end_l);
+static int
+compile_loop(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped, const enum node_type type)
+{
+    const int line = (int)nd_line(node);
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-	}
+    LABEL *prev_start_label = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->start_label;
+    LABEL *prev_end_label = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->end_label;
+    LABEL *prev_redo_label = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label;
+    int prev_loopval_popped = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->loopval_popped;
+    VALUE branches = Qfalse;
 
-	iseq->compile_data->current_block = prevblock;
+    struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack enl;
 
-	ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_BREAK, retry_label, retry_end_l, 0, retry_end_l);
+    LABEL *next_label = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->start_label = NEW_LABEL(line);	/* next  */
+    LABEL *redo_label = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label = NEW_LABEL(line);	/* redo  */
+    LABEL *break_label = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->end_label = NEW_LABEL(line);	/* break */
+    LABEL *end_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    LABEL *adjust_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
 
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_BREAK:{
-	unsigned long level = 0;
+    LABEL *next_catch_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    LABEL *tmp_label = NULL;
 
-	if (iseq->compile_data->redo_label != 0) {
-	    /* while/until */
-	    LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
-	    ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
-	    ADD_ADJUST(ret, nd_line(node), iseq->compile_data->redo_label);
-	    COMPILE_(ret, "break val (while/until)", node->nd_stts, iseq->compile_data->loopval_popped);
-	    add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), jump, iseq->compile_data->end_label);
-	    ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->loopval_popped = 0;
+    push_ensure_entry(iseq, &enl, NULL, NULL);
 
-	    if (!poped) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	    }
-	}
-	else if (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
-	  break_by_insn:
-	    /* escape from block */
-	    COMPILE(ret, "break val (block)", node->nd_stts);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), throw, INT2FIX(level | 0x02) /* TAG_BREAK */ );
-	    if (poped) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-	    }
-	}
-	else if (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL) {
-	  break_in_eval:
-	    COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "Can't escape from eval with break"));
-	}
-	else {
-	    rb_iseq_t *ip = iseq->parent_iseq;
-	    while (ip) {
-		if (!ip->compile_data) {
-		    ip = 0;
-		    break;
-		}
+    if (node->nd_state == 1) {
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, next_label);
+    }
+    else {
+	tmp_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, tmp_label);
+    }
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, adjust_label);
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, next_catch_label);
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, next_label);
+    if (tmp_label) ADD_LABEL(ret, tmp_label);
+
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, redo_label);
+    branches = decl_branch_base(iseq, node, type == NODE_WHILE ? "while" : "until");
+    add_trace_branch_coverage(
+        iseq,
+	ret,
+        node->nd_body ? node->nd_body : node,
+        0,
+	"body",
+	branches);
+    CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ret, "while body", node->nd_body));
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, next_label);	/* next */
+
+    if (type == NODE_WHILE) {
+	compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, node->nd_cond,
+				 redo_label, end_label);
+    }
+    else {
+	/* until */
+	compile_branch_condition(iseq, ret, node->nd_cond,
+				 end_label, redo_label);
+    }
 
-		level++;
-		if (ip->compile_data->redo_label != 0) {
-		    level = 0x8000;
-		    if (ip->compile_data->loopval_popped == 0) {
-			/* need value */
-			level |= 0x4000;
-		    }
-		    goto break_by_insn;
-		}
-		else if (ip->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
-		    level <<= 16;
-		    goto break_by_insn;
-		}
-		else if (ip->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL) {
-		    goto break_in_eval;
-		}
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, end_label);
+    ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, adjust_label);
 
-		ip = ip->parent_iseq;
-	    }
-	    COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "Invalid break"));
+    if (node->nd_state == Qundef) {
+	/* ADD_INSN(ret, line, putundef); */
+	COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "unsupported: putundef");
+	return COMPILE_NG;
+    }
+    else {
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+    }
+
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, break_label);	/* break */
+
+    if (popped) {
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+    }
+
+    ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_BREAK, redo_label, break_label, NULL,
+		    break_label);
+    ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_NEXT, redo_label, break_label, NULL,
+		    next_catch_label);
+    ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_REDO, redo_label, break_label, NULL,
+		    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label);
+
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->start_label = prev_start_label;
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->end_label = prev_end_label;
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label = prev_redo_label;
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->loopval_popped = prev_loopval_popped;
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ensure_node_stack = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ensure_node_stack->prev;
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_iter(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    const rb_iseq_t *prevblock = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block;
+    LABEL *retry_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    LABEL *retry_end_l = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    const rb_iseq_t *child_iseq;
+
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, retry_label);
+    if (nd_type(node) == NODE_FOR) {
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "iter caller (for)", node->nd_iter));
+
+	ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block = child_iseq =
+	    NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(node->nd_body, make_name_for_block(iseq),
+			   ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, line);
+	ADD_SEND_WITH_BLOCK(ret, line, idEach, INT2FIX(0), child_iseq);
+    }
+    else {
+	ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block = child_iseq =
+	    NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(node->nd_body, make_name_for_block(iseq),
+			   ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, line);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "iter caller", node->nd_iter));
+    }
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, retry_end_l);
+
+    if (popped) {
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+    }
+
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block = prevblock;
+
+    ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_BREAK, retry_label, retry_end_l, child_iseq, retry_end_l);
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_for_masgn(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    /* massign to var in "for"
+     * (args.length == 1 && Array.try_convert(args[0])) || args
+     */
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    const NODE *var = node->nd_var;
+    LABEL *not_single = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(var));
+    LABEL *not_ary = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(var));
+    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "for var", var));
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+    ADD_CALL(ret, line, idLength, INT2FIX(0));
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(1));
+    ADD_CALL(ret, line, idEq, INT2FIX(1));
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, not_single);
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(0));
+    ADD_CALL(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(1));
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_cArray);
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+    ADD_CALL(ret, line, rb_intern("try_convert"), INT2FIX(1));
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, not_ary);
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, not_ary);
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, not_single);
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_break(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    unsigned long throw_flag = 0;
+
+    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label != 0) {
+	/* while/until */
+	LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
+	ADD_ADJUST(ret, line, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label);
+	CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "break val (while/until)", node->nd_stts,
+		       ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->loopval_popped));
+	add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->end_label);
+	ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
+
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
 	}
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_NEXT:{
-	unsigned long level = 0;
+    }
+    else {
+        const rb_iseq_t *ip = iseq;
 
-	if (iseq->compile_data->redo_label != 0) {
-	    LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
-	    debugs("next in while loop\n");
-	    ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "next val/valid syntax?", node->nd_stts);
-	    add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
-	    ADD_ADJUST(ret, nd_line(node), iseq->compile_data->redo_label);
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), jump, iseq->compile_data->start_label);
-	    ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
-	    if (!poped) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
+	while (ip) {
+	    if (!ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(ip)) {
+		ip = 0;
+		break;
 	    }
-	}
-	else if (iseq->compile_data->end_label) {
-	    LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
-	    debugs("next in block\n");
-	    ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
-	    ADD_ADJUST(ret, nd_line(node), iseq->compile_data->start_label);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "next val", node->nd_stts);
-	    add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), jump, iseq->compile_data->end_label);
-	    ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
 
-	    if (!poped) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
+	    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(ip)->redo_label != 0) {
+                throw_flag = VM_THROW_NO_ESCAPE_FLAG;
+	    }
+	    else if (ip->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
+                throw_flag = 0;
+	    }
+	    else if (ip->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL) {
+                COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "Can't escape from eval with break");
+                return COMPILE_NG;
 	    }
+            else {
+                ip = ip->body->parent_iseq;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            /* escape from block */
+            CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "break val (block)", node->nd_stts));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, throw, INT2FIX(throw_flag | TAG_BREAK));
+            if (popped) {
+                ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+            }
+            return COMPILE_OK;
+	}
+	COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "Invalid break");
+	return COMPILE_NG;
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_next(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    unsigned long throw_flag = 0;
+
+    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label != 0) {
+	LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
+	debugs("next in while loop\n");
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "next val/valid syntax?", node->nd_stts));
+	add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
+	ADD_ADJUST(ret, line, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label);
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->start_label);
+	ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
 	}
-	else if (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL) {
-	  next_in_eval:
-	    COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "Can't escape from eval with next"));
+    }
+    else if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->end_label) {
+	LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
+	debugs("next in block\n");
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
+	ADD_ADJUST(ret, line, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->start_label);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "next val", node->nd_stts));
+	add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->end_label);
+	ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
+	splabel->unremovable = FALSE;
+
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
 	}
-	else {
-	    rb_iseq_t *ip;
-	    ip = iseq;
-	    while (ip) {
-		if (!ip->compile_data) {
-		    ip = 0;
-		    break;
-		}
-
-		level = 0x8000 | 0x4000;
-		if (ip->compile_data->redo_label != 0) {
-		    /* while loop */
-		    break;
-		}
-		else if (ip->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
-		    break;
-		}
-		else if (ip->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL) {
-		    goto next_in_eval;
-		}
+    }
+    else {
+	const rb_iseq_t *ip = iseq;
 
-		ip = ip->parent_iseq;
+	while (ip) {
+	    if (!ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(ip)) {
+		ip = 0;
+		break;
 	    }
-	    if (ip != 0) {
-		COMPILE(ret, "next val", node->nd_stts);
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), throw, INT2FIX(level | 0x03) /* TAG_NEXT */ );
 
-		if (poped) {
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-		}
+            throw_flag = VM_THROW_NO_ESCAPE_FLAG;
+	    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(ip)->redo_label != 0) {
+		/* while loop */
+		break;
 	    }
-	    else {
-		COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "Invalid next"));
+	    else if (ip->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
+		break;
 	    }
-	}
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_REDO:{
-	if (iseq->compile_data->redo_label) {
-	    LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
-	    debugs("redo in while");
-	    ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
-	    ADD_ADJUST(ret, nd_line(node), iseq->compile_data->redo_label);
-	    add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), jump, iseq->compile_data->redo_label);
-	    ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
-	    if (!poped) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
+	    else if (ip->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL) {
+                COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "Can't escape from eval with next");
+                return COMPILE_NG;
 	    }
-	}
-	else if (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL) {
-	  redo_in_eval:
-	    COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "Can't escape from eval with redo"));
-	}
-	else if (iseq->compile_data->start_label) {
-	    LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
 
-	    debugs("redo in block");
-	    ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
-	    add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
-	    ADD_ADJUST(ret, nd_line(node), iseq->compile_data->start_label);
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), jump, iseq->compile_data->start_label);
-	    ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
+	    ip = ip->body->parent_iseq;
+	}
+	if (ip != 0) {
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "next val", node->nd_stts));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, throw, INT2FIX(throw_flag | TAG_NEXT));
 
-	    if (!poped) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
+	    if (popped) {
+		ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	    }
 	}
 	else {
-	    rb_iseq_t *ip;
-	    unsigned long level;
-	    level = 0x8000 | 0x4000;
-	    ip = iseq;
-	    while (ip) {
-		if (!ip->compile_data) {
-		    ip = 0;
-		    break;
-		}
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "Invalid next");
+	    return COMPILE_NG;
+	}
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
 
-		if (ip->compile_data->redo_label != 0) {
-		    break;
-		}
-		else if (ip->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
-		    break;
-		}
-		else if (ip->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL) {
-		    goto redo_in_eval;
-		}
+static int
+compile_redo(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+
+    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label) {
+	LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
+	debugs("redo in while");
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
+	ADD_ADJUST(ret, line, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label);
+	add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->redo_label);
+	ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+	}
+    }
+    else if (iseq->body->type != ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL && ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->start_label) {
+	LABEL *splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
+
+	debugs("redo in block");
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
+	add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 0);
+	ADD_ADJUST(ret, line, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->start_label);
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->start_label);
+	ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
+
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+	}
+    }
+    else {
+	const rb_iseq_t *ip = iseq;
 
-		ip = ip->parent_iseq;
+	while (ip) {
+	    if (!ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(ip)) {
+		ip = 0;
+		break;
 	    }
-	    if (ip != 0) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), throw, INT2FIX(level | 0x05) /* TAG_REDO */ );
 
-		if (poped) {
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-		}
+	    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(ip)->redo_label != 0) {
+		break;
 	    }
-	    else {
-		COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "Invalid redo"));
+	    else if (ip->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK) {
+		break;
+	    }
+	    else if (ip->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL) {
+                COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "Can't escape from eval with redo");
+                return COMPILE_NG;
 	    }
+
+	    ip = ip->body->parent_iseq;
 	}
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_RETRY:{
-	if (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), throw, INT2FIX(0x04) /* TAG_RETRY */ );
+	if (ip != 0) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, throw, INT2FIX(VM_THROW_NO_ESCAPE_FLAG | TAG_REDO));
 
-	    if (poped) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	    if (popped) {
+		ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	    }
 	}
 	else {
-	    COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "Invalid retry"));
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "Invalid redo");
+	    return COMPILE_NG;
 	}
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_BEGIN:{
-	COMPILE_(ret, "NODE_BEGIN", node->nd_body, poped);
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_RESCUE:{
-	LABEL *lstart = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	LABEL *lcont = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	VALUE rescue = NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(
-	    node->nd_resq,
-	    rb_str_concat(rb_str_new2("rescue in "), iseq->name),
-	    ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE, nd_line(node));
-
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, lstart);
-	COMPILE(ret, "rescue head", node->nd_head);
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
-	if (node->nd_else) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "rescue else", node->nd_else);
-	}
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), nop);
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, lcont);
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_retry(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+    if (iseq->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE) {
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, throw, INT2FIX(TAG_RETRY));
+
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
+    }
+    else {
+	COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "Invalid retry");
+	return COMPILE_NG;
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
 
-	/* register catch entry */
-	ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_RESCUE, lstart, lend, rescue, lcont);
-	ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_RETRY, lend, lcont, 0, lstart);
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_RESBODY:{
-	NODE *resq = node;
-	NODE *narg;
-	LABEL *label_miss, *label_hit;
-
-	while (resq) {
-	    label_miss = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	    label_hit = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-
-	    narg = resq->nd_args;
-	    if (narg) {
-		switch (nd_type(narg)) {
-		  case NODE_ARRAY:
-		    while (narg) {
-			COMPILE(ret, "rescue arg", narg->nd_head);
-			ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), getdynamic, INT2FIX(2), INT2FIX(0));
-			ADD_SEND(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(idEqq), INT2FIX(1));
-			ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchif, label_hit);
-			narg = narg->nd_next;
-		    }
-		    break;
-		  case NODE_SPLAT:
-		  case NODE_ARGSCAT:
-		  case NODE_ARGSPUSH:
-		    ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), getdynamic, INT2FIX(2), INT2FIX(0));
-		    COMPILE(ret, "rescue/cond splat", narg);
-		    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), checkincludearray, Qtrue);
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), swap);
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-		    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchif, label_hit);
-		    break;
-		  default:
-		    rb_bug("NODE_RESBODY: unknown node (%s)",
-			   ruby_node_name(nd_type(narg)));
+static int
+compile_rescue(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    LABEL *lstart = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    LABEL *lcont = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    const rb_iseq_t *rescue = NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(node->nd_resq,
+					     rb_str_concat(rb_str_new2("rescue in "), iseq->body->location.label),
+					     ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE, line);
+
+    lstart->rescued = LABEL_RESCUE_BEG;
+    lend->rescued = LABEL_RESCUE_END;
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, lstart);
+    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "rescue head", node->nd_head));
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
+    if (node->nd_else) {
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "rescue else", node->nd_else));
+    }
+    ADD_INSN(ret, line, nop);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, lcont);
+
+    if (popped) {
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+    }
+
+    /* register catch entry */
+    ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_RESCUE, lstart, lend, rescue, lcont);
+    ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_RETRY, lend, lcont, NULL, lstart);
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_resbody(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    const NODE *resq = node;
+    const NODE *narg;
+    LABEL *label_miss, *label_hit;
+
+    while (resq) {
+	label_miss = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	label_hit = NEW_LABEL(line);
+
+	narg = resq->nd_args;
+	if (narg) {
+	    switch (nd_type(narg)) {
+	      case NODE_LIST:
+		while (narg) {
+		    ADD_GETLOCAL(ret, line, LVAR_ERRINFO, 0);
+		    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "rescue arg", narg->nd_head));
+		    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_RESCUE));
+		    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, label_hit);
+		    narg = narg->nd_next;
 		}
+		break;
+	      case NODE_SPLAT:
+	      case NODE_ARGSCAT:
+	      case NODE_ARGSPUSH:
+		ADD_GETLOCAL(ret, line, LVAR_ERRINFO, 0);
+		CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "rescue/cond splat", narg));
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_RESCUE | VM_CHECKMATCH_ARRAY));
+		ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, label_hit);
+		break;
+	      default:
+		UNKNOWN_NODE("NODE_RESBODY", narg, COMPILE_NG);
 	    }
-	    else {
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject,
-			  rb_eStandardError);
-		ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), getdynamic, INT2FIX(2), INT2FIX(0));
-		ADD_SEND(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(idEqq), INT2FIX(1));
-		ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchif, label_hit);
-	    }
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), jump, label_miss);
-	    ADD_LABEL(ret, label_hit);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "resbody body", resq->nd_body);
-	    if (iseq->compile_data->option->tailcall_optimization) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), nop);
-	    }
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), leave);
-	    ADD_LABEL(ret, label_miss);
-	    resq = resq->nd_head;
-	}
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_ENSURE:{
-	DECL_ANCHOR(ensr);
-	VALUE ensure = NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(node->nd_ensr,
-					 rb_str_concat(rb_str_new2
-						       ("ensure in "),
-						       iseq->name),
-					 ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE, nd_line(node));
-	LABEL *lstart = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	LABEL *lcont = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	struct ensure_range er;
-	struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack enl;
-	struct ensure_range *erange;
-
-	INIT_ANCHOR(ensr);
-	COMPILE_POPED(ensr, "ensure ensr", node->nd_ensr);
-
-	er.begin = lstart;
-	er.end = lend;
-	er.next = 0;
-	push_ensure_entry(iseq, &enl, &er, node->nd_ensr);
-
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, lstart);
-	COMPILE_(ret, "ensure head", node->nd_head, poped);
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
-	if (ensr->anchor.next == 0) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), nop);
 	}
 	else {
-	    ADD_SEQ(ret, ensr);
-	}
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, lcont);
+	    ADD_GETLOCAL(ret, line, LVAR_ERRINFO, 0);
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_eStandardError);
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checkmatch, INT2FIX(VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_RESCUE));
+	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, label_hit);
+	}
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, label_miss);
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, label_hit);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "resbody body", resq->nd_body));
+	if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->tailcall_optimization) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, nop);
+	}
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, leave);
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, label_miss);
+	resq = resq->nd_head;
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_ensure(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+    DECL_ANCHOR(ensr);
+    const rb_iseq_t *ensure = NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(node->nd_ensr,
+					     rb_str_concat(rb_str_new2 ("ensure in "), iseq->body->location.label),
+					     ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE, line);
+    LABEL *lstart = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    LABEL *lcont = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    LINK_ELEMENT *last;
+    int last_leave = 0;
+    struct ensure_range er;
+    struct iseq_compile_data_ensure_node_stack enl;
+    struct ensure_range *erange;
 
-	erange = iseq->compile_data->ensure_node_stack->erange;
+    INIT_ANCHOR(ensr);
+    CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ensr, "ensure ensr", node->nd_ensr));
+    last = ensr->last;
+    last_leave = last && IS_INSN(last) && IS_INSN_ID(last, leave);
+
+    er.begin = lstart;
+    er.end = lend;
+    er.next = 0;
+    push_ensure_entry(iseq, &enl, &er, node->nd_ensr);
+
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, lstart);
+    CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "ensure head", node->nd_head, (popped | last_leave)));
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, ensr);
+    if (!popped && last_leave) ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, lcont);
+    if (last_leave) ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+
+    erange = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ensure_node_stack->erange;
+    if (lstart->link.next != &lend->link) {
 	while (erange) {
 	    ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(CATCH_TYPE_ENSURE, erange->begin, erange->end,
 			    ensure, lcont);
 	    erange = erange->next;
 	}
+    }
+
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->ensure_node_stack = enl.prev;
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_return(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = nd_line(node);
+
+    if (iseq) {
+	enum iseq_type type = iseq->body->type;
+	const rb_iseq_t *is = iseq;
+	enum iseq_type t = type;
+	const NODE *retval = node->nd_stts;
+	LABEL *splabel = 0;
+
+	while (t == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE || t == ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE) {
+	    if (!(is = is->body->parent_iseq)) break;
+	    t = is->body->type;
+	}
+	switch (t) {
+	  case ISEQ_TYPE_TOP:
+	  case ISEQ_TYPE_MAIN:
+            if (retval) {
+                rb_warn("argument of top-level return is ignored");
+            }
+	    if (is == iseq) {
+		/* plain top-level, leave directly */
+		type = ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD;
+	    }
+	    break;
+	  default:
+	    break;
+	}
+
+	if (type == ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD) {
+	    splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
+	    ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
+	    ADD_ADJUST(ret, line, 0);
+	}
+
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "return nd_stts (return val)", retval));
+
+	if (type == ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD) {
+	    add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 1);
+	    ADD_TRACE(ret, RUBY_EVENT_RETURN);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, leave);
+	    ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
+
+	    if (!popped) {
+		ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+	    }
+	}
+	else {
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, throw, INT2FIX(TAG_RETURN));
+	    if (popped) {
+		ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+compile_evstr(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int popped)
+{
+    CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "nd_body", node, popped));
+
+    if (!popped && !all_string_result_p(node)) {
+	const int line = nd_line(node);
+	const unsigned int flag = VM_CALL_FCALL;
+	LABEL *isstr = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, checktype, INT2FIX(T_STRING));
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, isstr);
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+	ADD_SEND_R(ret, line, idTo_s, INT2FIX(0), NULL, INT2FIX(flag), NULL);
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, tostring);
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, isstr);
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+static LABEL *
+qcall_branch_start(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const recv, VALUE *branches, const NODE *node, int line)
+{
+    LABEL *else_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    VALUE br = 0;
+
+    br = decl_branch_base(iseq, node, "&.");
+    *branches = br;
+    ADD_INSN(recv, line, dup);
+    ADD_INSNL(recv, line, branchnil, else_label);
+    add_trace_branch_coverage(iseq, recv, node, 0, "then", br);
+    return else_label;
+}
+
+static void
+qcall_branch_end(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, LABEL *else_label, VALUE branches, const NODE *node, int line)
+{
+    LABEL *end_label;
+    if (!else_label) return;
+    end_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, end_label);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, else_label);
+    add_trace_branch_coverage(iseq, ret, node, 1, "else", branches);
+    ADD_LABEL(ret, end_label);
+}
+
+static int
+compile_call_precheck_freeze(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int line, int popped)
+{
+    /* optimization shortcut
+     *   "literal".freeze -> opt_str_freeze("literal")
+     */
+    if (node->nd_recv && nd_type(node->nd_recv) == NODE_STR &&
+        (node->nd_mid == idFreeze || node->nd_mid == idUMinus) &&
+        node->nd_args == NULL &&
+        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block == NULL &&
+        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->specialized_instruction) {
+        VALUE str = rb_fstring(node->nd_recv->nd_lit);
+        if (node->nd_mid == idUMinus) {
+            ADD_INSN2(ret, line, opt_str_uminus, str,
+                      new_callinfo(iseq, idUMinus, 0, 0, NULL, FALSE));
+        }
+        else {
+            ADD_INSN2(ret, line, opt_str_freeze, str,
+                      new_callinfo(iseq, idFreeze, 0, 0, NULL, FALSE));
+        }
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, str);
+        if (popped) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        }
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    /* optimization shortcut
+     *   obj["literal"] -> opt_aref_with(obj, "literal")
+     */
+    if (node->nd_mid == idAREF && !private_recv_p(node) && node->nd_args &&
+        nd_type(node->nd_args) == NODE_LIST && node->nd_args->nd_alen == 1 &&
+        nd_type(node->nd_args->nd_head) == NODE_STR &&
+        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block == NULL &&
+        !ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->frozen_string_literal &&
+        ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->specialized_instruction) {
+        VALUE str = rb_fstring(node->nd_args->nd_head->nd_lit);
+        CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "recv", node->nd_recv));
+        ADD_INSN2(ret, line, opt_aref_with, str,
+                  new_callinfo(iseq, idAREF, 1, 0, NULL, FALSE));
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, str);
+        if (popped) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        }
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+static int
+iseq_has_builtin_function_table(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    return ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->builtin_function_table != NULL;
+}
+
+static const struct rb_builtin_function *
+iseq_builtin_function_lookup(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, const char *name)
+{
+    int i;
+    const struct rb_builtin_function *table = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->builtin_function_table;
+    for (i=0; table[i].index != -1; i++) {
+        if (strcmp(table[i].name, name) == 0) {
+            return &table[i];
+        }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *
+iseq_builtin_function_name(const enum node_type type, const NODE *recv, ID mid)
+{
+    const char *name = rb_id2name(mid);
+    static const char prefix[] = "__builtin_";
+    const size_t prefix_len = sizeof(prefix) - 1;
+
+    switch (type) {
+      case NODE_CALL:
+        if (recv) {
+            switch (nd_type(recv)) {
+              case NODE_VCALL:
+                if (recv->nd_mid == rb_intern("__builtin")) {
+                    return name;
+                }
+                break;
+              case NODE_CONST:
+                if (recv->nd_vid == rb_intern("Primitive")) {
+                    return name;
+                }
+                break;
+              default: break;
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+      case NODE_VCALL:
+      case NODE_FCALL:
+        if (UNLIKELY(strncmp(prefix, name, prefix_len) == 0)) {
+            return &name[prefix_len];
+        }
+        break;
+      default: break;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static int
+delegate_call_p(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, unsigned int argc, const LINK_ANCHOR *args, unsigned int *pstart_index)
+{
+
+    if (argc == 0) {
+        *pstart_index = 0;
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (argc <= iseq->body->local_table_size) {
+        unsigned int start=0;
+
+        // local_table: [p1, p2, p3, l1, l2, l3]
+        // arguments:           [p3, l1, l2]     -> 2
+        for (start = 0;
+             argc + start <= iseq->body->local_table_size;
+             start++) {
+            const LINK_ELEMENT *elem = FIRST_ELEMENT(args);
+
+            for (unsigned int i=start; i-start<argc; i++) {
+                if (elem->type == ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN &&
+                    INSN_OF(elem) == BIN(getlocal)) {
+                    int local_index = FIX2INT(OPERAND_AT(elem, 0));
+                    int local_level = FIX2INT(OPERAND_AT(elem, 1));
+
+                    if (local_level == 0) {
+                        unsigned int index = iseq->body->local_table_size - (local_index - VM_ENV_DATA_SIZE + 1);
+                        if (0) { // for debug
+                            fprintf(stderr, "lvar:%s (%d), id:%s (%d) local_index:%d, local_size:%d\n",
+                                    rb_id2name(iseq->body->local_table[i]),     i,
+                                    rb_id2name(iseq->body->local_table[index]), index,
+                                    local_index, (int)iseq->body->local_table_size);
+                        }
+                        if (i == index) {
+                            elem = elem->next;
+                            continue; /* for */
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            goto next;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        goto fail; // level != 0 is unsupported
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    goto fail; // insn is not a getlocal
+                }
+            }
+            goto success;
+          next:;
+        }
+      fail:
+        return FALSE;
+      success:
+        *pstart_index = start;
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    else {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+compile_builtin_function_call(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, int line, int popped,
+                              const rb_iseq_t *parent_block, LINK_ANCHOR *args, const char *builtin_func)
+{
+    NODE *args_node = node->nd_args;
+
+    if (parent_block != NULL) {
+        COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, line, "should not call builtins here.");
+        return COMPILE_NG;
+    }
+    else {
+# define BUILTIN_INLINE_PREFIX "_bi"
+        char inline_func[DECIMAL_SIZE_OF_BITS(sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT) + sizeof(BUILTIN_INLINE_PREFIX)];
+        bool cconst = false;
+      retry:;
+        const struct rb_builtin_function *bf = iseq_builtin_function_lookup(iseq, builtin_func);
+
+        if (bf == NULL) {
+            if (strcmp("cstmt!", builtin_func) == 0 ||
+                strcmp("cexpr!", builtin_func) == 0) {
+                // ok
+            }
+            else if (strcmp("cconst!", builtin_func) == 0) {
+                cconst = true;
+            }
+            else if (strcmp("cinit!", builtin_func) == 0) {
+                // ignore
+                GET_VM()->builtin_inline_index++;
+                return COMPILE_OK;
+            }
+            else if (strcmp("attr!", builtin_func) == 0) {
+                // There's only "inline" attribute for now
+                iseq->body->builtin_inline_p = true;
+                return COMPILE_OK;
+            }
+            else if (1) {
+                rb_bug("can't find builtin function:%s", builtin_func);
+            }
+            else {
+                COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "can't find builtin function:%s", builtin_func);
+                return COMPILE_NG;
+            }
+
+            if (GET_VM()->builtin_inline_index == INT_MAX) {
+                rb_bug("builtin inline function index overflow:%s", builtin_func);
+            }
+            int inline_index = GET_VM()->builtin_inline_index++;
+            snprintf(inline_func, sizeof(inline_func), BUILTIN_INLINE_PREFIX "%d", inline_index);
+            builtin_func = inline_func;
+            args_node = NULL;
+            goto retry;
+        }
+
+        if (cconst) {
+            typedef VALUE(*builtin_func0)(void *, VALUE);
+            VALUE const_val = (*(builtin_func0)bf->func_ptr)(NULL, Qnil);
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, const_val);
+            return COMPILE_OK;
+        }
+
+        // fprintf(stderr, "func_name:%s -> %p\n", builtin_func, bf->func_ptr);
+
+        unsigned int flag = 0;
+        struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *keywords = NULL;
+        VALUE argc = setup_args(iseq, args, args_node, &flag, &keywords);
+
+        if (FIX2INT(argc) != bf->argc) {
+            COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "argc is not match for builtin function:%s (expect %d but %d)",
+                          builtin_func, bf->argc, FIX2INT(argc));
+            return COMPILE_NG;
+        }
+
+        unsigned int start_index;
+        if (delegate_call_p(iseq, FIX2INT(argc), args, &start_index)) {
+            ADD_INSN2(ret, line, opt_invokebuiltin_delegate, bf, INT2FIX(start_index));
+        }
+        else {
+            ADD_SEQ(ret, args);
+            ADD_INSN1(ret,line, invokebuiltin, bf);
+        }
+
+        if (popped) ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+        return COMPILE_OK;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+compile_call(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *const node, const enum node_type type, int line, int popped)
+{
+    /* call:  obj.method(...)
+     * fcall: func(...)
+     * vcall: func
+     */
+    DECL_ANCHOR(recv);
+    DECL_ANCHOR(args);
+    ID mid = node->nd_mid;
+    VALUE argc;
+    unsigned int flag = 0;
+    struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *keywords = NULL;
+    const rb_iseq_t *parent_block = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block;
+    LABEL *else_label = NULL;
+    VALUE branches = Qfalse;
+
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block = NULL;
+
+    INIT_ANCHOR(recv);
+    INIT_ANCHOR(args);
+#if OPT_SUPPORT_JOKE
+    if (nd_type(node) == NODE_VCALL) {
+        ID id_bitblt;
+        ID id_answer;
+
+        CONST_ID(id_bitblt, "bitblt");
+        CONST_ID(id_answer, "the_answer_to_life_the_universe_and_everything");
+
+        if (mid == id_bitblt) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, bitblt);
+            return COMPILE_OK;
+        }
+        else if (mid == id_answer) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, answer);
+            return COMPILE_OK;
+        }
+    }
+    /* only joke */
+    {
+        ID goto_id;
+        ID label_id;
+
+        CONST_ID(goto_id, "__goto__");
+        CONST_ID(label_id, "__label__");
+
+        if (nd_type(node) == NODE_FCALL &&
+            (mid == goto_id || mid == label_id)) {
+            LABEL *label;
+            st_data_t data;
+            st_table *labels_table = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->labels_table;
+            VALUE label_name;
+
+            if (!labels_table) {
+                labels_table = st_init_numtable();
+                ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->labels_table = labels_table;
+            }
+            if (nd_type(node->nd_args->nd_head) == NODE_LIT &&
+                SYMBOL_P(node->nd_args->nd_head->nd_lit)) {
+
+                label_name = node->nd_args->nd_head->nd_lit;
+                if (!st_lookup(labels_table, (st_data_t)label_name, &data)) {
+                    label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+                    label->position = line;
+                    st_insert(labels_table, (st_data_t)label_name, (st_data_t)label);
+                }
+                else {
+                    label = (LABEL *)data;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "invalid goto/label format");
+                return COMPILE_NG;
+            }
+
+            if (mid == goto_id) {
+                ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, label);
+            }
+            else {
+                ADD_LABEL(ret, label);
+            }
+            return COMPILE_OK;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    const char *builtin_func;
+    if (UNLIKELY(iseq_has_builtin_function_table(iseq)) &&
+        (builtin_func = iseq_builtin_function_name(type, node->nd_recv, mid)) != NULL) {
+        return compile_builtin_function_call(iseq, ret, node, line, popped, parent_block, args, builtin_func);
+    }
+
+    /* receiver */
+    if (type == NODE_CALL || type == NODE_OPCALL || type == NODE_QCALL) {
+        int idx, level;
+
+        if (mid == idCall &&
+            nd_type(node->nd_recv) == NODE_LVAR &&
+            iseq_block_param_id_p(iseq, node->nd_recv->nd_vid, &idx, &level)) {
+            ADD_INSN2(recv, nd_line(node->nd_recv), getblockparamproxy, INT2FIX(idx + VM_ENV_DATA_SIZE - 1), INT2FIX(level));
+        }
+        else if (private_recv_p(node)) {
+            ADD_INSN(recv, nd_line(node), putself);
+            flag |= VM_CALL_FCALL;
+        }
+        else {
+            CHECK(COMPILE(recv, "recv", node->nd_recv));
+        }
+
+        if (type == NODE_QCALL) {
+            else_label = qcall_branch_start(iseq, recv, &branches, node, line);
+        }
+    }
+    else if (type == NODE_FCALL || type == NODE_VCALL) {
+        ADD_CALL_RECEIVER(recv, line);
+    }
+
+    /* args */
+    if (type != NODE_VCALL) {
+        argc = setup_args(iseq, args, node->nd_args, &flag, &keywords);
+        CHECK(!NIL_P(argc));
+    }
+    else {
+        argc = INT2FIX(0);
+    }
+
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, recv);
+    ADD_SEQ(ret, args);
+
+    debugp_param("call args argc", argc);
+    debugp_param("call method", ID2SYM(mid));
+
+    switch ((int)type) {
+      case NODE_VCALL:
+        flag |= VM_CALL_VCALL;
+        /* VCALL is funcall, so fall through */
+      case NODE_FCALL:
+        flag |= VM_CALL_FCALL;
+    }
+
+    ADD_SEND_R(ret, line, mid, argc, parent_block, INT2FIX(flag), keywords);
+
+    qcall_branch_end(iseq, ret, else_label, branches, node, line);
+    if (popped) {
+        ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+    }
+    return COMPILE_OK;
+}
+
+
+static int iseq_compile_each0(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *node, int popped);
+/**
+  compile each node
+
+  self:  InstructionSequence
+  node:  Ruby compiled node
+  popped: This node will be popped
+ */
+static int
+iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, const NODE *node, int popped)
+{
+    if (node == 0) {
+        if (!popped) {
+            int lineno = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line;
+            if (lineno == 0) lineno = FIX2INT(rb_iseq_first_lineno(iseq));
+            debugs("node: NODE_NIL(implicit)\n");
+            ADD_INSN(ret, lineno, putnil);
+        }
+        return COMPILE_OK;
+    }
+    return iseq_compile_each0(iseq, ret, node, popped);
+}
+
+static int
+check_yield_place(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    switch (iseq->body->local_iseq->body->type) {
+      case ISEQ_TYPE_TOP:
+      case ISEQ_TYPE_MAIN:
+      case ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS:
+        return FALSE;
+      default:
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+iseq_compile_each0(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret, const NODE *node, int popped)
+{
+    const int line = (int)nd_line(node);
+    const enum node_type type = nd_type(node);
+    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+
+    if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line == line) {
+	/* ignore */
+    }
+    else {
+	if (node->flags & NODE_FL_NEWLINE) {
+	    int event = RUBY_EVENT_LINE;
+	    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->last_line = line;
+	    if (ISEQ_COVERAGE(iseq) && ISEQ_LINE_COVERAGE(iseq)) {
+		event |= RUBY_EVENT_COVERAGE_LINE;
+	    }
+	    ADD_TRACE(ret, event);
+	}
+    }
+
+    debug_node_start(node);
+#undef BEFORE_RETURN
+#define BEFORE_RETURN debug_node_end()
 
-	iseq->compile_data->ensure_node_stack = enl.prev;
+    switch (type) {
+      case NODE_BLOCK:{
+	while (node && nd_type(node) == NODE_BLOCK) {
+	    CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "BLOCK body", node->nd_head,
+			   (node->nd_next ? 1 : popped)));
+	    node = node->nd_next;
+	}
+	if (node) {
+	    CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "BLOCK next", node->nd_next, popped));
+	}
 	break;
       }
+      case NODE_IF:
+      case NODE_UNLESS:
+	CHECK(compile_if(iseq, ret, node, popped, type));
+	break;
+      case NODE_CASE:
+	CHECK(compile_case(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_CASE2:
+	CHECK(compile_case2(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_CASE3:
+        CHECK(compile_case3(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+        break;
+      case NODE_WHILE:
+      case NODE_UNTIL:
+	CHECK(compile_loop(iseq, ret, node, popped, type));
+	break;
+      case NODE_FOR:
+      case NODE_ITER:
+	CHECK(compile_iter(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_FOR_MASGN:
+	CHECK(compile_for_masgn(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_BREAK:
+	CHECK(compile_break(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_NEXT:
+	CHECK(compile_next(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_REDO:
+	CHECK(compile_redo(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_RETRY:
+	CHECK(compile_retry(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_BEGIN:{
+	CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "NODE_BEGIN", node->nd_body, popped));
+	break;
+      }
+      case NODE_RESCUE:
+	CHECK(compile_rescue(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_RESBODY:
+	CHECK(compile_resbody(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
+      case NODE_ENSURE:
+	CHECK(compile_ensure(iseq, ret, node, popped));
+	break;
 
       case NODE_AND:
       case NODE_OR:{
-	LABEL *end_label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	COMPILE(ret, "nd_1st", node->nd_1st);
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), dup);
+	LABEL *end_label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "nd_1st", node->nd_1st));
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
 	}
 	if (type == NODE_AND) {
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchunless, end_label);
+	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, end_label);
 	}
 	else {
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchif, end_label);
+	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, end_label);
 	}
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
-	COMPILE_(ret, "nd_2nd", node->nd_2nd, poped);
+	CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "nd_2nd", node->nd_2nd, popped));
 	ADD_LABEL(ret, end_label);
 	break;
       }
 
       case NODE_MASGN:{
-	compile_massign(iseq, ret, node, poped);
+	compile_massign(iseq, ret, node, popped);
 	break;
       }
 
       case NODE_LASGN:{
 	ID id = node->nd_vid;
-	int idx = iseq->local_iseq->local_size - get_local_var_idx(iseq, id);
+	int idx = body->local_iseq->body->local_table_size - get_local_var_idx(iseq, id);
 
 	debugs("lvar: %s idx: %d\n", rb_id2name(id), idx);
-	COMPILE(ret, "rvalue", node->nd_value);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "rvalue", node->nd_value));
 
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), dup);
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
 	}
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setlocal, INT2FIX(idx));
-
+	ADD_SETLOCAL(ret, line, idx, get_lvar_level(iseq));
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_DASGN:
       case NODE_DASGN_CURR:{
 	int idx, lv, ls;
-	COMPILE(ret, "dvalue", node->nd_value);
-	debugp_param("dassn id", rb_str_new2(rb_id2name(node->nd_vid) ? rb_id2name(node->nd_vid) : "*"));
+	ID id = node->nd_vid;
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "dvalue", node->nd_value));
+	debugi("dassn id", rb_id2str(id) ? id : '*');
 
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), dup);
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
 	}
 
-	idx = get_dyna_var_idx(iseq, node->nd_vid, &lv, &ls);
+	idx = get_dyna_var_idx(iseq, id, &lv, &ls);
 
 	if (idx < 0) {
-	    rb_bug("NODE_DASGN(_CURR): unknown id (%s)", rb_id2name(node->nd_vid));
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "NODE_DASGN(_CURR): unknown id (%"PRIsVALUE")",
+			  rb_id2str(id));
+	    goto ng;
 	}
-
-	ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), setdynamic,
-		  INT2FIX(ls - idx), INT2FIX(lv));
+	ADD_SETLOCAL(ret, line, ls - idx, lv);
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_GASGN:{
-	COMPILE(ret, "lvalue", node->nd_value);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "lvalue", node->nd_value));
 
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), dup);
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
 	}
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setglobal,
-		  ((VALUE)node->nd_entry | 1));
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setglobal, ID2SYM(node->nd_entry));
 	break;
       }
-      case NODE_IASGN:
-      case NODE_IASGN2:{
-	COMPILE(ret, "lvalue", node->nd_value);
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), dup);
-	}
-	ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), setinstancevariable,
-		  ID2SYM(node->nd_vid), INT2FIX(iseq->ic_size++));
+      case NODE_IASGN:{
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "lvalue", node->nd_value));
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+	}
+	ADD_INSN2(ret, line, setinstancevariable,
+		  ID2SYM(node->nd_vid),
+		  get_ivar_ic_value(iseq,node->nd_vid));
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_CDECL:{
-	COMPILE(ret, "lvalue", node->nd_value);
+        CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "lvalue", node->nd_value));
 
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), dup);
-	}
+        if (!popped) {
+            ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+        }
 
 	if (node->nd_vid) {
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putspecialobject,
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject,
 		      INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_CONST_BASE));
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
 	}
 	else {
 	    compile_cpath(ret, iseq, node->nd_else);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_else->nd_mid));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_else->nd_mid));
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_CVASGN:{
-	COMPILE(ret, "cvasgn val", node->nd_value);
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), dup);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "cvasgn val", node->nd_value));
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
 	}
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setclassvariable,
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setclassvariable,
 		  ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_OP_ASGN1: {
-	DECL_ANCHOR(args);
 	VALUE argc;
-	VALUE flag = 0;
+	unsigned int flag = 0;
+	int asgnflag = 0;
 	ID id = node->nd_mid;
 	int boff = 0;
 
@@ -3831,27 +7758,28 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	 *              nd_mid
 	 */
 
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
 	}
-	COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN1 recv", node->nd_recv);
+	asgnflag = COMPILE_RECV(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN1 recv", node);
+        CHECK(asgnflag != -1);
 	switch (nd_type(node->nd_args->nd_head)) {
-	  case NODE_ZARRAY:
+	  case NODE_ZLIST:
 	    argc = INT2FIX(0);
 	    break;
 	  case NODE_BLOCK_PASS:
 	    boff = 1;
+            /* fall through */
 	  default:
-	    INIT_ANCHOR(args);
-	    argc = setup_args(iseq, args, node->nd_args->nd_head, &flag);
-	    ADD_SEQ(ret, args);
+	    argc = setup_args(iseq, ret, node->nd_args->nd_head, &flag, NULL);
+	    CHECK(!NIL_P(argc));
 	}
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), dupn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 1 + boff));
-	ADD_SEND_R(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(idAREF), argc, Qfalse, LONG2FIX(flag));
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, dupn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 1 + boff));
+        flag |= asgnflag;
+	ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, idAREF, argc, INT2FIX(flag));
 
-	if (id == 0 || id == 1) {
-	    /* 0: or, 1: and
-	       a[x] ||= y
+	if (id == idOROP || id == idANDOP) {
+	    /* a[x] ||= y  or  a[x] &&= y
 
 	       unless/if a[x]
 	       a[x]= y
@@ -3859,92 +7787,89 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	       nil
 	       end
 	    */
-	    LABEL *label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	    LABEL *lfin = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+	    LABEL *label = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	    LABEL *lfin = NEW_LABEL(line);
 
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), dup);
-	    if (id == 0) {
-		/* or */
-		ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchif, label);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+	    if (id == idOROP) {
+		ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, label);
 	    }
-	    else {
-		/* and */
-		ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchunless, label);
+	    else { /* idANDOP */
+		ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, label);
 	    }
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 
-	    COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN1 args->body: ", node->nd_args->nd_body);
-	    if (!poped) {
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 2+boff));
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN1 args->body: ", node->nd_args->nd_body));
+	    if (!popped) {
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 2+boff));
 	    }
-	    if (flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT_BIT) {
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), newarray, INT2FIX(1));
+	    if (flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT) {
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newarray, INT2FIX(1));
 		if (boff > 0) {
-		    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), dupn, INT2FIX(3));
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), swap);
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+		    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, dupn, INT2FIX(3));
+		    ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+		    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 		}
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), concatarray);
+		ADD_INSN(ret, line, concatarray);
 		if (boff > 0) {
-		    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setn, INT2FIX(3));
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+		    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, INT2FIX(3));
+		    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+		    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 		}
-		ADD_SEND_R(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(idASET),
-			   argc, Qfalse, LONG2FIX(flag));
+		ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, idASET, argc, INT2FIX(flag));
 	    }
 	    else {
 		if (boff > 0)
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), swap);
-		ADD_SEND_R(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(idASET),
-			   FIXNUM_INC(argc, 1), Qfalse, LONG2FIX(flag));
+		    ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+		ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, idASET, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 1), INT2FIX(flag));
 	    }
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), jump, lfin);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, lfin);
 	    ADD_LABEL(ret, label);
-	    if (!poped) {
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 2+boff));
+	    if (!popped) {
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 2+boff));
 	    }
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), adjuststack, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 2+boff));
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, adjuststack, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 2+boff));
 	    ADD_LABEL(ret, lfin);
 	}
 	else {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN1 args->body: ", node->nd_args->nd_body);
-	    ADD_SEND(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(id), INT2FIX(1));
-	    if (!poped) {
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 2+boff));
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN1 args->body: ", node->nd_args->nd_body));
+	    ADD_SEND(ret, line, id, INT2FIX(1));
+	    if (!popped) {
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 2+boff));
 	    }
-	    if (flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT_BIT) {
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), newarray, INT2FIX(1));
+	    if (flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT) {
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newarray, INT2FIX(1));
 		if (boff > 0) {
-		    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), dupn, INT2FIX(3));
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), swap);
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+		    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, dupn, INT2FIX(3));
+		    ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+		    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 		}
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), concatarray);
+		ADD_INSN(ret, line, concatarray);
 		if (boff > 0) {
-		    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setn, INT2FIX(3));
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+		    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, INT2FIX(3));
+		    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+		    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 		}
-		ADD_SEND_R(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(idASET),
-			   argc, Qfalse, LONG2FIX(flag));
+		ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, idASET, argc, INT2FIX(flag));
 	    }
 	    else {
 		if (boff > 0)
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), swap);
-		ADD_SEND_R(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(idASET),
-			   FIXNUM_INC(argc, 1), Qfalse, LONG2FIX(flag));
+		    ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+		ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, idASET, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 1), INT2FIX(flag));
 	    }
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_OP_ASGN2:{
 	ID atype = node->nd_next->nd_mid;
-	LABEL *lfin = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	LABEL *lcfin = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+	ID vid = node->nd_next->nd_vid, aid = rb_id_attrset(vid);
+        int asgnflag;
+	LABEL *lfin = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	LABEL *lcfin = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	LABEL *lskip = 0;
 	/*
 	  class C; attr_accessor :c; end
 	  r = C.new
@@ -3987,480 +7912,461 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 
 	*/
 
-	COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN2#recv", node->nd_recv);
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), dup);
-	ADD_SEND(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(node->nd_next->nd_vid),
-		 INT2FIX(0));
+	asgnflag = COMPILE_RECV(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN2#recv", node);
+        CHECK(asgnflag != -1);
+	if (node->nd_next->nd_aid) {
+	    lskip = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchnil, lskip);
+	}
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+        ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, vid, INT2FIX(0), INT2FIX(asgnflag));
 
-	if (atype == 0 || atype == 1) {	/* 0: OR or 1: AND */
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), dup);
-	    if (atype == 0) {
-		ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchif, lcfin);
+	if (atype == idOROP || atype == idANDOP) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+	    if (atype == idOROP) {
+		ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, lcfin);
 	    }
-	    else {
-		ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchunless, lcfin);
+	    else { /* idANDOP */
+		ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, lcfin);
 	    }
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN2 val", node->nd_value);
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), swap);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), topn, INT2FIX(1));
-	    ADD_SEND(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(node->nd_next->nd_aid),
-		     INT2FIX(1));
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), jump, lfin);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN2 val", node->nd_value));
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(1));
+	    ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, aid, INT2FIX(1), INT2FIX(asgnflag));
+	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, lfin);
 
 	    ADD_LABEL(ret, lcfin);
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), swap);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
 
 	    ADD_LABEL(ret, lfin);
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-	    if (poped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+	    if (lskip) {
+		ADD_LABEL(ret, lskip);
+	    }
+	    if (popped) {
 		/* we can apply more optimize */
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+		ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+	    }
+	}
+	else {
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN2 val", node->nd_value));
+	    ADD_SEND(ret, line, atype, INT2FIX(1));
+	    if (!popped) {
+		ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(1));
+	    }
+	    ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, aid, INT2FIX(1), INT2FIX(asgnflag));
+	    if (lskip && popped) {
+		ADD_LABEL(ret, lskip);
+	    }
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+	    if (lskip && !popped) {
+		ADD_LABEL(ret, lskip);
 	    }
 	}
+	break;
+      }
+      case NODE_OP_CDECL: {
+	LABEL *lfin = 0;
+	LABEL *lassign = 0;
+	ID mid;
+
+	switch (nd_type(node->nd_head)) {
+	  case NODE_COLON3:
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_cObject);
+	    break;
+	  case NODE_COLON2:
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_CDECL/colon2#nd_head", node->nd_head->nd_head));
+	    break;
+	  default:
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "%s: invalid node in NODE_OP_CDECL",
+			  ruby_node_name(nd_type(node->nd_head)));
+	    goto ng;
+	}
+	mid = node->nd_head->nd_mid;
+	/* cref */
+	if (node->nd_aid == idOROP) {
+	    lassign = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup); /* cref cref */
+	    ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defined, INT2FIX(DEFINED_CONST_FROM),
+		      ID2SYM(mid), Qfalse); /* cref bool */
+	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, lassign); /* cref */
+	}
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup); /* cref cref */
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qtrue);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getconstant, ID2SYM(mid)); /* cref obj */
+
+	if (node->nd_aid == idOROP || node->nd_aid == idANDOP) {
+	    lfin = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	    if (!popped) ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup); /* cref [obj] obj */
+	    if (node->nd_aid == idOROP)
+		ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, lfin);
+	    else /* idANDOP */
+		ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, lfin);
+	    /* cref [obj] */
+	    if (!popped) ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop); /* cref */
+	    if (lassign) ADD_LABEL(ret, lassign);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_CDECL#nd_value", node->nd_value));
+	    /* cref value */
+	    if (popped)
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(1)); /* cref value cref */
+	    else {
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, dupn, INT2FIX(2)); /* cref value cref value */
+		ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap); /* cref value value cref */
+	    }
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setconstant, ID2SYM(mid)); /* cref [value] */
+	    ADD_LABEL(ret, lfin);			    /* cref [value] */
+	    if (!popped) ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap); /* [value] cref */
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop); /* [value] */
+	}
 	else {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN2 val", node->nd_value);
-	    ADD_SEND(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(node->nd_next->nd_mid),
-		     INT2FIX(1));
-	    if (!poped) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), swap);
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), topn, INT2FIX(1));
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_CDECL#nd_value", node->nd_value));
+	    /* cref obj value */
+	    ADD_CALL(ret, line, node->nd_aid, INT2FIX(1));
+	    /* cref value */
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap); /* value cref */
+	    if (!popped) {
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(1)); /* value cref value */
+		ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap); /* value value cref */
 	    }
-	    ADD_SEND(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(node->nd_next->nd_aid),
-		     INT2FIX(1));
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setconstant, ID2SYM(mid));
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_OP_ASGN_AND:
       case NODE_OP_ASGN_OR:{
-	LABEL *lfin = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+	LABEL *lfin = NEW_LABEL(line);
 	LABEL *lassign;
 
-	if (nd_type(node) == NODE_OP_ASGN_OR) {
+	if (nd_type(node) == NODE_OP_ASGN_OR && nd_type(node->nd_head) != NODE_IVAR) {
 	    LABEL *lfinish[2];
 	    lfinish[0] = lfin;
 	    lfinish[1] = 0;
 	    defined_expr(iseq, ret, node->nd_head, lfinish, Qfalse);
 	    lassign = lfinish[1];
 	    if (!lassign) {
-		lassign = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+		lassign = NEW_LABEL(line);
 	    }
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchunless, lassign);
+	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, lassign);
 	}
 	else {
-	    lassign = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+	    lassign = NEW_LABEL(line);
 	}
 
-	COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN_AND/OR#nd_head", node->nd_head);
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), dup);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN_AND/OR#nd_head", node->nd_head));
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
 
 	if (nd_type(node) == NODE_OP_ASGN_AND) {
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchunless, lfin);
+	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchunless, lfin);
 	}
 	else {
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchif, lfin);
+	    ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, lfin);
 	}
 
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	ADD_LABEL(ret, lassign);
-	COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN_AND/OR#nd_value", node->nd_value);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "NODE_OP_ASGN_AND/OR#nd_value", node->nd_value));
 	ADD_LABEL(ret, lfin);
 
-	if (poped) {
+	if (popped) {
 	    /* we can apply more optimize */
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-	}
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_CALL:
-      case NODE_FCALL:
-      case NODE_VCALL:{		/* VCALL: variable or call */
-	/*
-	  call:  obj.method(...)
-	  fcall: func(...)
-	  vcall: func
-	*/
-	DECL_ANCHOR(recv);
-	DECL_ANCHOR(args);
-	ID mid = node->nd_mid;
-	VALUE argc;
-	VALUE flag = 0;
-	VALUE parent_block = iseq->compile_data->current_block;
-	iseq->compile_data->current_block = Qfalse;
-
-	INIT_ANCHOR(recv);
-	INIT_ANCHOR(args);
-#if SUPPORT_JOKE
-	if (nd_type(node) == NODE_VCALL) {
-	    if (mid == idBitblt) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), bitblt);
-		break;
-	    }
-	    else if (mid == idAnswer) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), answer);
-		break;
-	    }
-	}
-	/* only joke */
-	{
-	    ID goto_id;
-	    ID label_id;
-
-	    CONST_ID(goto_id, "__goto__");
-	    CONST_ID(label_id, "__label__");
-
-	    if (nd_type(node) == NODE_FCALL &&
-		(mid == goto_id || mid == label_id)) {
-		LABEL *label;
-		st_data_t data;
-		st_table *labels_table = iseq->compile_data->labels_table;
-		ID label_name;
-
-		if (!labels_table) {
-		    labels_table = st_init_numtable();
-		    iseq->compile_data->labels_table = labels_table;
-		}
-		if (nd_type(node->nd_args->nd_head) == NODE_LIT &&
-		    SYMBOL_P(node->nd_args->nd_head->nd_lit)) {
-
-		    label_name = SYM2ID(node->nd_args->nd_head->nd_lit);
-		    if (!st_lookup(labels_table, (st_data_t)label_name, &data)) {
-			label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-			label->position = nd_line(node);
-			st_insert(labels_table, (st_data_t)label_name, (st_data_t)label);
-		    }
-		    else {
-			label = (LABEL *)data;
-		    }
-		}
-		else {
-		    COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "invalid goto/label format"));
-		}
-
-
-		if (mid == goto_id) {
-		    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), jump, label);
-		}
-		else {
-		    ADD_LABEL(ret, label);
-		}
-		break;
-	    }
-	}
-#endif
-	/* receiver */
-	if (type == NODE_CALL) {
-	    COMPILE(recv, "recv", node->nd_recv);
-	}
-	else if (type == NODE_FCALL || type == NODE_VCALL) {
-	    ADD_CALL_RECEIVER(recv, nd_line(node));
-	}
-
-	/* args */
-	if (nd_type(node) != NODE_VCALL) {
-	    argc = setup_args(iseq, args, node->nd_args, &flag);
-	}
-	else {
-	    argc = INT2FIX(0);
-	}
-
-	ADD_SEQ(ret, recv);
-	ADD_SEQ(ret, args);
-
-	debugp_param("call args argc", argc);
-	debugp_param("call method", ID2SYM(mid));
-
-	switch (nd_type(node)) {
-	  case NODE_VCALL:
-	    flag |= VM_CALL_VCALL_BIT;
-	    /* VCALL is funcall, so fall through */
-	  case NODE_FCALL:
-	    flag |= VM_CALL_FCALL_BIT;
-	}
-
-	ADD_SEND_R(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(mid),
-		   argc, parent_block, LONG2FIX(flag));
-
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
+      case NODE_CALL:   /* obj.foo */
+      case NODE_OPCALL: /* foo[] */
+        if (compile_call_precheck_freeze(iseq, ret, node, line, popped) == TRUE) {
+            break;
+        }
+      case NODE_QCALL: /* obj&.foo */
+      case NODE_FCALL: /* foo() */
+      case NODE_VCALL: /* foo (variable or call) */
+        if (compile_call(iseq, ret, node, type, line, popped) == COMPILE_NG) {
+            goto ng;
+        }
+        break;
       case NODE_SUPER:
       case NODE_ZSUPER:{
 	DECL_ANCHOR(args);
-	VALUE argc;
-	VALUE flag = 0;
-	VALUE parent_block = iseq->compile_data->current_block;
+	int argc;
+	unsigned int flag = 0;
+	struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *keywords = NULL;
+	const rb_iseq_t *parent_block = ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block;
 
 	INIT_ANCHOR(args);
-	iseq->compile_data->current_block = Qfalse;
-	if (nd_type(node) == NODE_SUPER) {
-	    argc = setup_args(iseq, args, node->nd_args, &flag);
+	ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block = NULL;
+	if (type == NODE_SUPER) {
+	    VALUE vargc = setup_args(iseq, args, node->nd_args, &flag, &keywords);
+	    CHECK(!NIL_P(vargc));
+	    argc = FIX2INT(vargc);
 	}
 	else {
 	    /* NODE_ZSUPER */
 	    int i;
-	    rb_iseq_t *liseq = iseq->local_iseq;
+	    const rb_iseq_t *liseq = body->local_iseq;
+	    const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const local_body = liseq->body;
+	    const struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *const local_kwd = local_body->param.keyword;
+	    int lvar_level = get_lvar_level(iseq);
 
-	    argc = INT2FIX(liseq->argc);
+	    argc = local_body->param.lead_num;
 
 	    /* normal arguments */
-	    for (i = 0; i < liseq->argc; i++) {
-		int idx = liseq->local_size - i;
-		ADD_INSN1(args, nd_line(node), getlocal, INT2FIX(idx));
+	    for (i = 0; i < local_body->param.lead_num; i++) {
+		int idx = local_body->local_table_size - i;
+		ADD_GETLOCAL(args, line, idx, lvar_level);
 	    }
 
-	    if (!liseq->arg_simple) {
-		if (liseq->arg_opts) {
-		    /* optional arguments */
-		    int j;
-		    for (j = 0; j < liseq->arg_opts - 1; j++) {
-			int idx = liseq->local_size - (i + j);
-			ADD_INSN1(args, nd_line(node), getlocal, INT2FIX(idx));
-		    }
-		    i += j;
-		    argc = INT2FIX(i);
+	    if (local_body->param.flags.has_opt) {
+		/* optional arguments */
+		int j;
+		for (j = 0; j < local_body->param.opt_num; j++) {
+		    int idx = local_body->local_table_size - (i + j);
+		    ADD_GETLOCAL(args, line, idx, lvar_level);
 		}
+		i += j;
+		argc = i;
+	    }
+	    if (local_body->param.flags.has_rest) {
+		/* rest argument */
+		int idx = local_body->local_table_size - local_body->param.rest_start;
 
-		if (liseq->arg_rest != -1) {
-		    /* rest argument */
-		    int idx = liseq->local_size - liseq->arg_rest;
-		    ADD_INSN1(args, nd_line(node), getlocal, INT2FIX(idx));
-		    argc = INT2FIX(liseq->arg_rest + 1);
-		    flag |= VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT_BIT;
-		}
+		ADD_GETLOCAL(args, line, idx, lvar_level);
+		ADD_INSN1(args, line, splatarray, Qfalse);
 
-		if (liseq->arg_post_len) {
-		    /* post arguments */
-		    int post_len = liseq->arg_post_len;
-		    int post_start = liseq->arg_post_start;
+		argc = local_body->param.rest_start + 1;
+		flag |= VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT;
+	    }
+	    if (local_body->param.flags.has_post) {
+		/* post arguments */
+		int post_len = local_body->param.post_num;
+		int post_start = local_body->param.post_start;
 
-		    if (liseq->arg_rest != -1) {
-			int j;
-			for (j=0; j<post_len; j++) {
-			    int idx = liseq->local_size - (post_start + j);
-			    ADD_INSN1(args, nd_line(node), getlocal, INT2FIX(idx));
-			}
-			ADD_INSN1(args, nd_line(node), newarray, INT2FIX(j));
-			ADD_INSN (args, nd_line(node), concatarray);
-			/* argc is setteled at above */
+		if (local_body->param.flags.has_rest) {
+		    int j;
+		    for (j=0; j<post_len; j++) {
+			int idx = local_body->local_table_size - (post_start + j);
+			ADD_GETLOCAL(args, line, idx, lvar_level);
 		    }
-		    else {
-			int j;
-			for (j=0; j<post_len; j++) {
-			    int idx = liseq->local_size - (post_start + j);
-			    ADD_INSN1(args, nd_line(node), getlocal, INT2FIX(idx));
-			}
-			argc = INT2FIX(post_len + post_start);
+		    ADD_INSN1(args, line, newarray, INT2FIX(j));
+		    ADD_INSN (args, line, concatarray);
+		    /* argc is settled at above */
+		}
+		else {
+		    int j;
+		    for (j=0; j<post_len; j++) {
+			int idx = local_body->local_table_size - (post_start + j);
+			ADD_GETLOCAL(args, line, idx, lvar_level);
 		    }
+		    argc = post_len + post_start;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    if (local_body->param.flags.has_kw) { /* TODO: support keywords */
+		int local_size = local_body->local_table_size;
+		argc++;
+
+		ADD_INSN1(args, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
+
+		if (local_body->param.flags.has_kwrest) {
+		    int idx = local_body->local_table_size - local_kwd->rest_start;
+		    ADD_GETLOCAL(args, line, idx, lvar_level);
+		}
+		else {
+		    ADD_INSN1(args, line, newhash, INT2FIX(0));
+                    flag |= VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT_MUT;
+		}
+		for (i = 0; i < local_kwd->num; ++i) {
+		    ID id = local_kwd->table[i];
+		    int idx = local_size - get_local_var_idx(liseq, id);
+		    ADD_INSN1(args, line, putobject, ID2SYM(id));
+		    ADD_GETLOCAL(args, line, idx, lvar_level);
+		}
+		ADD_SEND(args, line, id_core_hash_merge_ptr, INT2FIX(i * 2 + 1));
+		if (local_body->param.flags.has_rest) {
+		    ADD_INSN1(args, line, newarray, INT2FIX(1));
+		    ADD_INSN (args, line, concatarray);
+		    --argc;
 		}
+		flag |= VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT;
+	    }
+	    else if (local_body->param.flags.has_kwrest) {
+		int idx = local_body->local_table_size - local_kwd->rest_start;
+		ADD_GETLOCAL(args, line, idx, lvar_level);
+
+		if (local_body->param.flags.has_rest) {
+		    ADD_INSN1(args, line, newarray, INT2FIX(1));
+		    ADD_INSN (args, line, concatarray);
+		}
+		else {
+		    argc++;
+		}
+		flag |= VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT;
 	    }
 	}
 
-	/* dummy receiver */
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject,
-		  nd_type(node) == NODE_ZSUPER ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, putself);
 	ADD_SEQ(ret, args);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), invokesuper,
-		  argc, parent_block, LONG2FIX(flag));
+        ADD_INSN2(ret, line, invokesuper,
+                  new_callinfo(iseq, 0, argc, flag | VM_CALL_SUPER | (type == NODE_ZSUPER ? VM_CALL_ZSUPER : 0) | VM_CALL_FCALL, keywords, parent_block != NULL),
+		  parent_block);
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
-      case NODE_ARRAY:{
-	compile_array_(iseq, ret, node, Qtrue, poped);
+      case NODE_LIST:{
+        CHECK(compile_array(iseq, ret, node, popped) >= 0);
 	break;
       }
-      case NODE_ZARRAY:{
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), newarray, INT2FIX(0));
+      case NODE_ZLIST:{
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newarray, INT2FIX(0));
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_VALUES:{
-	NODE *n = node;
+	const NODE *n = node;
+	if (popped) {
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "NODE_VALUES: must not be popped");
+	}
 	while (n) {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "values item", n->nd_head);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "values item", n->nd_head));
 	    n = n->nd_next;
 	}
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), newarray, INT2FIX(node->nd_alen));
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-	}
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newarray, INT2FIX(node->nd_alen));
 	break;
       }
-      case NODE_HASH:{
-	DECL_ANCHOR(list);
-	VALUE size = 0;
-	int type = node->nd_head ? nd_type(node->nd_head) : NODE_ZARRAY;
-
-	INIT_ANCHOR(list);
-	switch (type) {
-	  case NODE_ARRAY:{
-	    compile_array(iseq, list, node->nd_head, Qfalse);
-	    size = OPERAND_AT(POP_ELEMENT(list), 0);
-	    ADD_SEQ(ret, list);
-	    break;
-	  }
-	  case NODE_ZARRAY:
-	    size = INT2FIX(0);
-	    break;
-
-	  default:
-	    rb_bug("can't make hash with this node: %s", ruby_node_name(type));
-	}
-
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), newhash, size);
-
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-	}
+      case NODE_HASH:
+        CHECK(compile_hash(iseq, ret, node, FALSE, popped) >= 0);
+        break;
+      case NODE_RETURN:
+	CHECK(compile_return(iseq, ret, node, popped));
 	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_RETURN:{
-	rb_iseq_t *is = iseq;
-
-	if (is) {
-	    if (is->type == ISEQ_TYPE_TOP) {
-		COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "Invalid return"));
-	    }
-	    else {
-		LABEL *splabel = 0;
-
-		if (is->type == ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD) {
-		    splabel = NEW_LABEL(0);
-		    ADD_LABEL(ret, splabel);
-		    ADD_ADJUST(ret, nd_line(node), 0);
-		}
-
-		COMPILE(ret, "return nd_stts (return val)", node->nd_stts);
-
-		if (is->type == ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD) {
-		    add_ensure_iseq(ret, iseq, 1);
-		    ADD_TRACE(ret, nd_line(node), RUBY_EVENT_RETURN);
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), leave);
-		    ADD_ADJUST_RESTORE(ret, splabel);
-
-		    if (!poped) {
-			ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-		    }
-		}
-		else {
-		    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), throw, INT2FIX(0x01) /* TAG_RETURN */ );
-		    if (poped) {
-			ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-		    }
-		}
-	    }
-	}
-	break;
-      }
       case NODE_YIELD:{
 	DECL_ANCHOR(args);
 	VALUE argc;
-	VALUE flag = 0;
+	unsigned int flag = 0;
+	struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *keywords = NULL;
 
 	INIT_ANCHOR(args);
-	if (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_TOP) {
-	    COMPILE_ERROR((ERROR_ARGS "Invalid yield"));
-	}
+
+        if (check_yield_place(iseq) == FALSE) {
+	    COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "Invalid yield");
+            goto ng;
+        }
 
 	if (node->nd_head) {
-	    argc = setup_args(iseq, args, node->nd_head, &flag);
+	    argc = setup_args(iseq, args, node->nd_head, &flag, &keywords);
+	    CHECK(!NIL_P(argc));
 	}
 	else {
 	    argc = INT2FIX(0);
 	}
 
 	ADD_SEQ(ret, args);
-	ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), invokeblock, argc, LONG2FIX(flag));
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, invokeblock, new_callinfo(iseq, 0, FIX2INT(argc), flag, keywords, FALSE));
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
+
+        int level = 0;
+        const rb_iseq_t *tmp_iseq = iseq;
+        for (; tmp_iseq != iseq->body->local_iseq; level++ ) {
+            tmp_iseq = tmp_iseq->body->parent_iseq;
+        }
+        if (level > 0) access_outer_variables(iseq, level, rb_intern("yield"), true);
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_LVAR:{
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    ID id = node->nd_vid;
-	    int idx = iseq->local_iseq->local_size - get_local_var_idx(iseq, id);
+	    int idx = body->local_iseq->body->local_table_size - get_local_var_idx(iseq, id);
 
 	    debugs("id: %s idx: %d\n", rb_id2name(id), idx);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), getlocal, INT2FIX(idx));
+	    ADD_GETLOCAL(ret, line, idx, get_lvar_level(iseq));
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_DVAR:{
 	int lv, idx, ls;
 	debugi("nd_vid", node->nd_vid);
-	if (!poped) {
+	if (!popped) {
 	    idx = get_dyna_var_idx(iseq, node->nd_vid, &lv, &ls);
 	    if (idx < 0) {
-		rb_bug("unknown dvar (%s)", rb_id2name(node->nd_vid));
+		COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "unknown dvar (%"PRIsVALUE")",
+			      rb_id2str(node->nd_vid));
+		goto ng;
 	    }
-	    ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), getdynamic, INT2FIX(ls - idx), INT2FIX(lv));
+	    ADD_GETLOCAL(ret, line, ls - idx, lv);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_GVAR:{
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), getglobal,
-		  ((VALUE)node->nd_entry | 1));
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getglobal, ID2SYM(node->nd_entry));
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_IVAR:{
 	debugi("nd_vid", node->nd_vid);
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), getinstancevariable,
-		      ID2SYM(node->nd_vid), INT2FIX(iseq->ic_size++));
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getinstancevariable,
+		      ID2SYM(node->nd_vid),
+		      get_ivar_ic_value(iseq,node->nd_vid));
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_CONST:{
 	debugi("nd_vid", node->nd_vid);
 
-	if (iseq->compile_data->option->inline_const_cache) {
-	    LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	    int ic_index = iseq->ic_size++;
+	if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->inline_const_cache) {
+	    LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	    int ic_index = body->is_size++;
 
-	    ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), getinlinecache, lend, INT2FIX(ic_index));
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setinlinecache, INT2FIX(ic_index));
+            ADD_INSN2(ret, line, opt_getinlinecache, lend, INT2FIX(ic_index));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qtrue);
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, opt_setinlinecache, INT2FIX(ic_index));
 	    ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
 	}
 	else {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qtrue);
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
 	}
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_CVAR:{
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), getclassvariable,
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getclassvariable,
 		      ID2SYM(node->nd_vid));
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_NTH_REF:{
-        if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), getspecial, INT2FIX(1) /* '~'  */,
+        if (!popped) {
+	    if (!node->nd_nth) {
+		ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
+		break;
+	    }
+	    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getspecial, INT2FIX(1) /* '~'  */,
 		      INT2FIX(node->nd_nth << 1));
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_BACK_REF:{
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), getspecial, INT2FIX(1) /* '~' */,
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, getspecial, INT2FIX(1) /* '~' */,
 		      INT2FIX(0x01 | (node->nd_nth << 1)));
 	}
 	break;
@@ -4473,313 +8379,303 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 
 	INIT_ANCHOR(recv);
 	INIT_ANCHOR(val);
-	switch(nd_type(node)) {
+	switch (nd_type(node)) {
 	  case NODE_MATCH:
-	    ADD_INSN1(recv, nd_line(node), putobject, node->nd_lit);
-	    ADD_INSN2(val, nd_line(node), getspecial, INT2FIX(0),
+	    ADD_INSN1(recv, line, putobject, node->nd_lit);
+	    ADD_INSN2(val, line, getspecial, INT2FIX(0),
 		      INT2FIX(0));
 	    break;
 	  case NODE_MATCH2:
-	    COMPILE(recv, "receiver", node->nd_recv);
-	    COMPILE(val, "value", node->nd_value);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(recv, "receiver", node->nd_recv));
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(val, "value", node->nd_value));
 	    break;
 	  case NODE_MATCH3:
-	    COMPILE(recv, "receiver", node->nd_value);
-	    COMPILE(val, "value", node->nd_recv);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(recv, "receiver", node->nd_value));
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(val, "value", node->nd_recv));
 	    break;
 	}
 
-	if (iseq->compile_data->option->specialized_instruction) {
-	    /* TODO: detect by node */
-	    if (recv->last == recv->anchor.next &&
-		INSN_OF(recv->last) == BIN(putobject) &&
-		nd_type(node) == NODE_MATCH2) {
-		ADD_SEQ(ret, val);
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), opt_regexpmatch1,
-			  OPERAND_AT(recv->last, 0));
-	    }
-	    else {
-		ADD_SEQ(ret, recv);
-		ADD_SEQ(ret, val);
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), opt_regexpmatch2);
-	    }
-	}
-	else {
-	    ADD_SEQ(ret, recv);
-	    ADD_SEQ(ret, val);
-	    ADD_SEND(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(idEqTilde), INT2FIX(1));
+        ADD_SEQ(ret, recv);
+        ADD_SEQ(ret, val);
+        ADD_SEND(ret, line, idEqTilde, INT2FIX(1));
+
+	if (node->nd_args) {
+	    compile_named_capture_assign(iseq, ret, node->nd_args);
 	}
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_LIT:{
 	debugp_param("lit", node->nd_lit);
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, node->nd_lit);
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, node->nd_lit);
+            RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, node->nd_lit);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_STR:{
 	debugp_param("nd_lit", node->nd_lit);
-	if (!poped) {
-	    OBJ_FREEZE(node->nd_lit);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putstring, node->nd_lit);
+	if (!popped) {
+	    VALUE lit = node->nd_lit;
+	    if (!ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->frozen_string_literal) {
+		lit = rb_fstring(lit);
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putstring, lit);
+                RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, lit);
+	    }
+	    else {
+		if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->debug_frozen_string_literal || RTEST(ruby_debug)) {
+		    VALUE debug_info = rb_ary_new_from_args(2, rb_iseq_path(iseq), INT2FIX(line));
+		    lit = rb_str_dup(lit);
+		    rb_ivar_set(lit, id_debug_created_info, rb_obj_freeze(debug_info));
+		    lit = rb_str_freeze(lit);
+		}
+		else {
+		    lit = rb_fstring(lit);
+		}
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, lit);
+                RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, lit);
+	    }
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_DSTR:{
 	compile_dstr(iseq, ret, node);
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_XSTR:{
-	OBJ_FREEZE(node->nd_lit);
-	ADD_CALL_RECEIVER(ret, nd_line(node));
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, node->nd_lit);
-	ADD_CALL(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(idBackquote), INT2FIX(1));
+	ADD_CALL_RECEIVER(ret, line);
+        VALUE str = rb_fstring(node->nd_lit);
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, str);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, str);
+	ADD_CALL(ret, line, idBackquote, INT2FIX(1));
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_DXSTR:{
-	ADD_CALL_RECEIVER(ret, nd_line(node));
+	ADD_CALL_RECEIVER(ret, line);
 	compile_dstr(iseq, ret, node);
-	ADD_CALL(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(idBackquote), INT2FIX(1));
+	ADD_CALL(ret, line, idBackquote, INT2FIX(1));
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
-      case NODE_EVSTR:{
-	COMPILE(ret, "nd_body", node->nd_body);
-
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-	}
-	else {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), tostring);
-	}
+      case NODE_EVSTR:
+	CHECK(compile_evstr(iseq, ret, node->nd_body, popped));
 	break;
-      }
       case NODE_DREGX:{
 	compile_dregx(iseq, ret, node);
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
-      case NODE_DREGX_ONCE:{
-	/* TODO: once? */
-	LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	int ic_index = iseq->ic_size++;
-
-	ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), onceinlinecache, lend, INT2FIX(ic_index));
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-
-	compile_dregx(iseq, ret, node);
+      case NODE_ONCE:{
+	int ic_index = body->is_size++;
+	const rb_iseq_t *block_iseq;
+	block_iseq = NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(node->nd_body, make_name_for_block(iseq), ISEQ_TYPE_PLAIN, line);
 
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setinlinecache, INT2FIX(ic_index));
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
+	ADD_INSN2(ret, line, once, block_iseq, INT2FIX(ic_index));
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)block_iseq);
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_ARGSCAT:{
-	if (poped) {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "argscat head", node->nd_head);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), splatarray, Qfalse);
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "argscat body", node->nd_body);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), splatarray, Qfalse);
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (popped) {
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "argscat head", node->nd_head));
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, splatarray, Qfalse);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "argscat body", node->nd_body));
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, splatarray, Qfalse);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	else {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "argscat head", node->nd_head);
-	    COMPILE(ret, "argscat body", node->nd_body);
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), concatarray);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "argscat head", node->nd_head));
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "argscat body", node->nd_body));
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, concatarray);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_ARGSPUSH:{
-	if (poped) {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "arsgpush head", node->nd_head);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), splatarray, Qfalse);
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-	    COMPILE_(ret, "argspush body", node->nd_body, poped);
+	if (popped) {
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "arsgpush head", node->nd_head));
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, splatarray, Qfalse);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "argspush body", node->nd_body, popped));
 	}
 	else {
-	    COMPILE(ret, "arsgpush head", node->nd_head);
-	    COMPILE_(ret, "argspush body", node->nd_body, poped);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), newarray, INT2FIX(1));
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), concatarray);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "arsgpush head", node->nd_head));
+	    CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "argspush body", node->nd_body, popped));
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newarray, INT2FIX(1));
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, concatarray);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_SPLAT:{
-	COMPILE(ret, "splat", node->nd_head);
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), splatarray, Qtrue);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "splat", node->nd_head));
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, splatarray, Qtrue);
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_DEFN:{
-	VALUE iseqval = NEW_ISEQVAL(node->nd_defn,
-				    rb_str_dup(rb_id2str(node->nd_mid)),
-				    ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD, nd_line(node));
-
-	debugp_param("defn/iseq", iseqval);
+        ID mid = node->nd_mid;
+	const rb_iseq_t *method_iseq = NEW_ISEQ(node->nd_defn,
+                                                rb_id2str(mid),
+						ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD, line);
 
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_CBASE));
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putiseq, iseqval);
-	ADD_SEND (ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(id_core_define_method), INT2FIX(3));
+	debugp_param("defn/iseq", rb_iseqw_new(method_iseq));
+        ADD_INSN2(ret, line, definemethod, ID2SYM(mid), method_iseq);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)method_iseq);
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+        if (!popped) {
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ID2SYM(mid));
 	}
 
-	debugp_param("defn", iseqval);
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_DEFS:{
-	VALUE iseqval = NEW_ISEQVAL(node->nd_defn,
-				    rb_str_dup(rb_id2str(node->nd_mid)),
-				    ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD, nd_line(node));
-
-	debugp_param("defs/iseq", iseqval);
-
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
-	COMPILE(ret, "defs: recv", node->nd_recv);
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putiseq, iseqval);
-	ADD_SEND (ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(id_core_define_singleton_method), INT2FIX(3));
-
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-	}
+        ID mid = node->nd_mid;
+        const rb_iseq_t * singleton_method_iseq = NEW_ISEQ(node->nd_defn,
+                                                           rb_id2str(mid),
+                                                           ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD, line);
+
+        debugp_param("defs/iseq", rb_iseqw_new(singleton_method_iseq));
+        CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "defs: recv", node->nd_recv));
+        ADD_INSN2(ret, line, definesmethod, ID2SYM(mid), singleton_method_iseq);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)singleton_method_iseq);
+
+        if (!popped) {
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ID2SYM(mid));
+        }
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_ALIAS:{
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_CBASE));
-	COMPILE(ret, "alias arg1", node->u1.node);
-	COMPILE(ret, "alias arg2", node->u2.node);
-	ADD_SEND(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(id_core_set_method_alias), INT2FIX(3));
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_CBASE));
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "alias arg1", node->nd_1st));
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "alias arg2", node->nd_2nd));
+	ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_set_method_alias, INT2FIX(3));
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_VALIAS:{
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, ID2SYM(node->u1.id));
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, ID2SYM(node->u2.id));
-	ADD_SEND(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(id_core_set_variable_alias), INT2FIX(2));
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ID2SYM(node->nd_alias));
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, ID2SYM(node->nd_orig));
+	ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_set_variable_alias, INT2FIX(2));
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_UNDEF:{
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_CBASE));
-	COMPILE(ret, "undef arg", node->u2.node);
-	ADD_SEND(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(id_core_undef_method), INT2FIX(2));
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_CBASE));
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "undef arg", node->nd_undef));
+	ADD_SEND(ret, line, id_core_undef_method, INT2FIX(2));
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_CLASS:{
-	VALUE iseqval =
-	    NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(
-		node->nd_body,
-		rb_sprintf("<class:%s>", rb_id2name(node->nd_cpath->nd_mid)),
-		ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS, nd_line(node));
-	VALUE noscope = compile_cpath(ret, iseq, node->nd_cpath);
-	COMPILE(ret, "super", node->nd_super);
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defineclass,
-		  ID2SYM(node->nd_cpath->nd_mid), iseqval, INT2FIX(noscope ? 3 : 0));
-
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	const rb_iseq_t *class_iseq = NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(node->nd_body,
+						     rb_sprintf("<class:%"PRIsVALUE">", rb_id2str(node->nd_cpath->nd_mid)),
+						     ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS, line);
+	const int flags = VM_DEFINECLASS_TYPE_CLASS |
+	    (node->nd_super ? VM_DEFINECLASS_FLAG_HAS_SUPERCLASS : 0) |
+	    compile_cpath(ret, iseq, node->nd_cpath);
+
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "super", node->nd_super));
+	ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defineclass, ID2SYM(node->nd_cpath->nd_mid), class_iseq, INT2FIX(flags));
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)class_iseq);
+
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_MODULE:{
-	VALUE iseqval = NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(
-	    node->nd_body,
-	    rb_sprintf("<module:%s>", rb_id2name(node->nd_cpath->nd_mid)),
-	    ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS, nd_line(node));
-
-	VALUE noscope = compile_cpath(ret, iseq, node->nd_cpath);
-	ADD_INSN (ret, nd_line(node), putnil); /* dummy */
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defineclass,
-		  ID2SYM(node->nd_cpath->nd_mid), iseqval, INT2FIX(noscope ? 5 : 2));
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+        const rb_iseq_t *module_iseq = NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(node->nd_body,
+						      rb_sprintf("<module:%"PRIsVALUE">", rb_id2str(node->nd_cpath->nd_mid)),
+						      ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS, line);
+	const int flags = VM_DEFINECLASS_TYPE_MODULE |
+	    compile_cpath(ret, iseq, node->nd_cpath);
+
+	ADD_INSN (ret, line, putnil); /* dummy */
+	ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defineclass, ID2SYM(node->nd_cpath->nd_mid), module_iseq, INT2FIX(flags));
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)module_iseq);
+
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_SCLASS:{
 	ID singletonclass;
-	VALUE iseqval =
-	    NEW_ISEQVAL(node->nd_body, rb_str_new2("singletonclass"),
-			ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS, nd_line(node));
+	const rb_iseq_t *singleton_class = NEW_ISEQ(node->nd_body, rb_fstring_lit("singleton class"),
+						    ISEQ_TYPE_CLASS, line);
 
-	COMPILE(ret, "sclass#recv", node->nd_recv);
-	ADD_INSN (ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
+	CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "sclass#recv", node->nd_recv));
+	ADD_INSN (ret, line, putnil);
 	CONST_ID(singletonclass, "singletonclass");
-	ADD_INSN3(ret, nd_line(node), defineclass,
-		  ID2SYM(singletonclass), iseqval, INT2FIX(1));
+	ADD_INSN3(ret, line, defineclass,
+		  ID2SYM(singletonclass), singleton_class,
+		  INT2FIX(VM_DEFINECLASS_TYPE_SINGLETON_CLASS));
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)singleton_class);
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_COLON2:{
 	if (rb_is_const_id(node->nd_mid)) {
 	    /* constant */
-	    LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	    int ic_index = iseq->ic_size++;
+	    LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	    int ic_index = body->is_size++;
 
 	    DECL_ANCHOR(pref);
 	    DECL_ANCHOR(body);
 
 	    INIT_ANCHOR(pref);
 	    INIT_ANCHOR(body);
-	    compile_colon2(iseq, node, pref, body);
-	    if (LIST_SIZE_ZERO(pref)) {
-		if (iseq->compile_data->option->inline_const_cache) {
-		    ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), getinlinecache, lend, INT2FIX(ic_index));
+	    CHECK(compile_const_prefix(iseq, node, pref, body));
+	    if (LIST_INSN_SIZE_ZERO(pref)) {
+		if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->inline_const_cache) {
+                    ADD_INSN2(ret, line, opt_getinlinecache, lend, INT2FIX(ic_index));
 		}
 		else {
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
+		    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
 		}
 
 		ADD_SEQ(ret, body);
 
-		if (iseq->compile_data->option->inline_const_cache) {
-		    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setinlinecache, INT2FIX(ic_index));
+		if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->inline_const_cache) {
+                    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, opt_setinlinecache, INT2FIX(ic_index));
 		    ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
 		}
 	    }
@@ -4790,279 +8686,300 @@ iseq_compile_each(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, NODE * node, int poped)
 	}
 	else {
 	    /* function call */
-	    ADD_CALL_RECEIVER(ret, nd_line(node));
-	    COMPILE(ret, "colon2#nd_head", node->nd_head);
-	    ADD_CALL(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(node->nd_mid),
-		     INT2FIX(1));
+	    ADD_CALL_RECEIVER(ret, line);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "colon2#nd_head", node->nd_head));
+	    ADD_CALL(ret, line, node->nd_mid, INT2FIX(1));
 	}
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_COLON3:{
-	LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	int ic_index = iseq->ic_size++;
+	LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	int ic_index = body->is_size++;
 
-	  debugi("colon3#nd_mid", node->nd_mid);
+	debugi("colon3#nd_mid", node->nd_mid);
 
 	/* add cache insn */
-	if (iseq->compile_data->option->inline_const_cache) {
-	    ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), getinlinecache, lend, INT2FIX(ic_index));
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->inline_const_cache) {
+            ADD_INSN2(ret, line, opt_getinlinecache, lend, INT2FIX(ic_index));
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, rb_cObject);
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, rb_cObject);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qtrue);
+        ADD_INSN1(ret, line, getconstant, ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
 
-	if (iseq->compile_data->option->inline_const_cache) {
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setinlinecache, INT2FIX(ic_index));
+	if (ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->inline_const_cache) {
+            ADD_INSN1(ret, line, opt_setinlinecache, INT2FIX(ic_index));
 	    ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
 	}
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_DOT2:
       case NODE_DOT3:{
-	VALUE flag = type == NODE_DOT2 ? INT2FIX(0) : INT2FIX(1);
-	COMPILE(ret, "min", (NODE *) node->nd_beg);
-	COMPILE(ret, "max", (NODE *) node->nd_end);
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	int excl = type == NODE_DOT3;
+	VALUE flag = INT2FIX(excl);
+	const NODE *b = node->nd_beg;
+	const NODE *e = node->nd_end;
+
+        if (optimizable_range_item_p(b) && optimizable_range_item_p(e)) {
+	    if (!popped) {
+                VALUE bv = nd_type(b) == NODE_LIT ? b->nd_lit : Qnil;
+                VALUE ev = nd_type(e) == NODE_LIT ? e->nd_lit : Qnil;
+                VALUE val = rb_range_new(bv, ev, excl);
+                ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, val);
+                RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, val);
+	    }
 	}
 	else {
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), newrange, flag);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "min", b, popped));
+	    CHECK(COMPILE_(ret, "max", e, popped));
+	    if (!popped) {
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, newrange, flag);
+	    }
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_FLIP2:
       case NODE_FLIP3:{
-	LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	LABEL *lfin = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	LABEL *ltrue = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	rb_iseq_t *local_iseq = iseq->local_iseq;
-	rb_num_t cnt;
-	VALUE key;
-
-	cnt = local_iseq->flip_cnt++ + DEFAULT_SPECIAL_VAR_COUNT;
-	key = INT2FIX(cnt);
-
-	ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), getspecial, key, INT2FIX(0));
-	ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchif, lend);
-
-	/* *flip == 0 */
-	COMPILE(ret, "flip2 beg", node->nd_beg);
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), dup);
-	ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchunless, lfin);
-	if (nd_type(node) == NODE_FLIP3) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), dup);
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setspecial, key);
-	    ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), jump, lfin);
-	}
-	else {
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setspecial, key);
-	}
-
-	/* *flip == 1 */
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
-	COMPILE(ret, "flip2 end", node->nd_end);
-	ADD_INSNL(ret, nd_line(node), branchunless, ltrue);
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, Qfalse);
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setspecial, key);
-
+	LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	LABEL *ltrue = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	LABEL *lfalse = NEW_LABEL(line);
+	CHECK(compile_flip_flop(iseq, ret, node, type == NODE_FLIP2,
+				ltrue, lfalse));
 	ADD_LABEL(ret, ltrue);
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, Qtrue);
-
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, lfin);
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qtrue);
+	ADD_INSNL(ret, line, jump, lend);
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, lfalse);
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qfalse);
+	ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_SELF:{
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putself);
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putself);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_NIL:{
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_TRUE:{
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, Qtrue);
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qtrue);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_FALSE:{
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, Qfalse);
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, Qfalse);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_ERRINFO:{
-	if (!poped) {
-	    if (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE) {
-		ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), getdynamic, INT2FIX(2), INT2FIX(0));
+	if (!popped) {
+	    if (body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE) {
+		ADD_GETLOCAL(ret, line, LVAR_ERRINFO, 0);
 	    }
 	    else {
-		rb_iseq_t *ip = iseq;
+		const rb_iseq_t *ip = iseq;
 		int level = 0;
 		while (ip) {
-		    if (ip->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE) {
+		    if (ip->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE) {
 			break;
 		    }
-		    ip = ip->parent_iseq;
+		    ip = ip->body->parent_iseq;
 		    level++;
 		}
 		if (ip) {
-		    ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), getdynamic, INT2FIX(2), INT2FIX(level));
+		    ADD_GETLOCAL(ret, line, LVAR_ERRINFO, level);
 		}
 		else {
-		    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
+		    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
 		}
 	    }
 	}
 	break;
       }
-      case NODE_DEFINED:{
-	if (!poped) {
-	    LABEL *lfinish[2];
-	    lfinish[0] = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	    lfinish[1] = 0;
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
-	    defined_expr(iseq, ret, node->nd_head, lfinish, Qtrue);
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), swap);
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-	    if (lfinish[1]) {
-		ADD_LABEL(ret, lfinish[1]);
-	    }
-	    ADD_LABEL(ret, lfinish[0]);
+      case NODE_DEFINED:
+	if (!popped) {
+	    CHECK(compile_defined_expr(iseq, ret, node, Qtrue));
 	}
 	break;
-      }
       case NODE_POSTEXE:{
-	LABEL *lend = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
-	VALUE block = NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(node->nd_body, make_name_for_block(iseq), ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, nd_line(node));
-	int ic_index = iseq->ic_size++;
-
-	ADD_INSN2(ret, nd_line(node), onceinlinecache, lend, INT2FIX(ic_index));
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
-
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putiseq, block);
-	ADD_SEND (ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(id_core_set_postexe), INT2FIX(1));
+	/* compiled to:
+	 *   ONCE{ rb_mRubyVMFrozenCore::core#set_postexe{ ... } }
+	 */
+	int is_index = body->is_size++;
+        struct rb_iseq_new_with_callback_callback_func *ifunc =
+            rb_iseq_new_with_callback_new_callback(build_postexe_iseq, node->nd_body);
+	const rb_iseq_t *once_iseq =
+            new_child_iseq_with_callback(iseq, ifunc,
+				 rb_fstring(make_name_for_block(iseq)), iseq, ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, line);
 
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setinlinecache, INT2FIX(ic_index));
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, lend);
+	ADD_INSN2(ret, line, once, once_iseq, INT2FIX(is_index));
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)once_iseq);
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
+      case NODE_KW_ARG:
+	{
+	    LABEL *end_label = NEW_LABEL(nd_line(node));
+	    const NODE *default_value = node->nd_body->nd_value;
+
+            if (default_value == NODE_SPECIAL_REQUIRED_KEYWORD) {
+		/* required argument. do nothing */
+		COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "unreachable");
+		goto ng;
+	    }
+	    else if (nd_type(default_value) == NODE_LIT ||
+		     nd_type(default_value) == NODE_NIL ||
+		     nd_type(default_value) == NODE_TRUE ||
+		     nd_type(default_value) == NODE_FALSE) {
+		COMPILE_ERROR(ERROR_ARGS "unreachable");
+		goto ng;
+	    }
+	    else {
+		/* if keywordcheck(_kw_bits, nth_keyword)
+		 *   kw = default_value
+		 * end
+		 */
+		int kw_bits_idx = body->local_table_size - body->param.keyword->bits_start;
+		int keyword_idx = body->param.keyword->num;
+
+		ADD_INSN2(ret, line, checkkeyword, INT2FIX(kw_bits_idx + VM_ENV_DATA_SIZE - 1), INT2FIX(keyword_idx));
+		ADD_INSNL(ret, line, branchif, end_label);
+		CHECK(COMPILE_POPPED(ret, "keyword default argument", node->nd_body));
+		ADD_LABEL(ret, end_label);
+	    }
+
+	    break;
+	}
       case NODE_DSYM:{
 	compile_dstr(iseq, ret, node);
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_SEND(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(idIntern), INT2FIX(0));
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, intern);
 	}
 	else {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       case NODE_ATTRASGN:{
 	DECL_ANCHOR(recv);
 	DECL_ANCHOR(args);
-	VALUE flag = 0;
+	unsigned int flag = 0;
+	ID mid = node->nd_mid;
 	VALUE argc;
+        LABEL *else_label = NULL;
+        VALUE branches = Qfalse;
+
+	/* optimization shortcut
+	 *   obj["literal"] = value -> opt_aset_with(obj, "literal", value)
+	 */
+	if (mid == idASET && !private_recv_p(node) && node->nd_args &&
+	    nd_type(node->nd_args) == NODE_LIST && node->nd_args->nd_alen == 2 &&
+	    nd_type(node->nd_args->nd_head) == NODE_STR &&
+	    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->current_block == NULL &&
+            !ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->frozen_string_literal &&
+	    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA(iseq)->option->specialized_instruction)
+	{
+	    VALUE str = rb_fstring(node->nd_args->nd_head->nd_lit);
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "recv", node->nd_recv));
+	    CHECK(COMPILE(ret, "value", node->nd_args->nd_next->nd_head));
+	    if (!popped) {
+		ADD_INSN(ret, line, swap);
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(1));
+	    }
+            ADD_INSN2(ret, line, opt_aset_with, str,
+                      new_callinfo(iseq, idASET, 2, 0, NULL, FALSE));
+            RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, str);
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
+	    break;
+	}
 
 	INIT_ANCHOR(recv);
 	INIT_ANCHOR(args);
-	argc = setup_args(iseq, args, node->nd_args, &flag);
+	argc = setup_args(iseq, args, node->nd_args, &flag, NULL);
+	CHECK(!NIL_P(argc));
 
-	if (node->nd_recv == (NODE *) 1) {
-	    flag |= VM_CALL_FCALL_BIT;
-	    ADD_INSN(recv, nd_line(node), putself);
-	}
-	else {
-	    COMPILE(recv, "recv", node->nd_recv);
-	}
+        int asgnflag = COMPILE_RECV(recv, "recv", node);
+        CHECK(asgnflag != -1);
+        flag |= (unsigned int)asgnflag;
 
 	debugp_param("argc", argc);
-	debugp_param("nd_mid", ID2SYM(node->nd_mid));
+	debugp_param("nd_mid", ID2SYM(mid));
 
-	if (!poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), putnil);
+	if (!rb_is_attrset_id(mid)) {
+	    /* safe nav attr */
+	    mid = rb_id_attrset(mid);
+            else_label = qcall_branch_start(iseq, recv, &branches, node, line);
+	}
+	if (!popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, putnil);
 	    ADD_SEQ(ret, recv);
 	    ADD_SEQ(ret, args);
 
-	    if (flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG_BIT) {
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), topn, INT2FIX(1));
-		if (flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT_BIT) {
-		    ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, INT2FIX(-1));
-		    ADD_SEND(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(idAREF), INT2FIX(1));
+	    if (flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG) {
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, topn, INT2FIX(1));
+		if (flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT) {
+		    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(-1));
+                    ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(1), INT2FIX(asgnflag));
 		}
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 3));
-		ADD_INSN (ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 3));
+		ADD_INSN (ret, line, pop);
 	    }
-	    else if (flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT_BIT) {
-		ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), dup);
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putobject, INT2FIX(-1));
-		ADD_SEND(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(idAREF), INT2FIX(1));
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 2));
-		ADD_INSN (ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	    else if (flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT) {
+		ADD_INSN(ret, line, dup);
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, INT2FIX(-1));
+                ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, idAREF, INT2FIX(1), INT2FIX(asgnflag));
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 2));
+		ADD_INSN (ret, line, pop);
 	    }
 	    else {
-		ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), setn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 1));
+		ADD_INSN1(ret, line, setn, FIXNUM_INC(argc, 1));
 	    }
 	}
 	else {
 	    ADD_SEQ(ret, recv);
 	    ADD_SEQ(ret, args);
 	}
-	ADD_SEND_R(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(node->nd_mid), argc, 0, LONG2FIX(flag));
-	ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	ADD_SEND_WITH_FLAG(ret, line, mid, argc, INT2FIX(flag));
+        qcall_branch_end(iseq, ret, else_label, branches, node, line);
+	ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 
 	break;
       }
-      case NODE_OPTBLOCK:{
-	/* for optimize */
-	LABEL *redo_label = NEW_LABEL(0);
-	LABEL *next_label = NEW_LABEL(0);
-
-	iseq->compile_data->start_label = next_label;
-	iseq->compile_data->redo_label = redo_label;
-
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, redo_label);
-	COMPILE_(ret, "optblock body", node->nd_head, 1 /* pop */ );
-	ADD_LABEL(ret, next_label);
-	ADD_INSN(ret, 0, opt_checkenv);
-	break;
-      }
-      case NODE_PRELUDE:{
-	COMPILE_POPED(ret, "prelude", node->nd_head);
-	COMPILE_(ret, "body", node->nd_body, poped);
-	break;
-      }
       case NODE_LAMBDA:{
 	/* compile same as lambda{...} */
-	VALUE block = NEW_CHILD_ISEQVAL(node->nd_body, make_name_for_block(iseq), ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, nd_line(node));
+	const rb_iseq_t *block = NEW_CHILD_ISEQ(node->nd_body, make_name_for_block(iseq), ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK, line);
 	VALUE argc = INT2FIX(0);
-	ADD_INSN1(ret, nd_line(node), putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
-	ADD_CALL_WITH_BLOCK(ret, nd_line(node), ID2SYM(idLambda), argc, block);
 
-	if (poped) {
-	    ADD_INSN(ret, nd_line(node), pop);
+	ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putspecialobject, INT2FIX(VM_SPECIAL_OBJECT_VMCORE));
+	ADD_CALL_WITH_BLOCK(ret, line, idLambda, argc, block);
+        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, (VALUE)block);
+
+	if (popped) {
+	    ADD_INSN(ret, line, pop);
 	}
 	break;
       }
       default:
-	rb_bug("iseq_compile_each: unknown node: %s", ruby_node_name(type));
+	UNKNOWN_NODE("iseq_compile_each", node, COMPILE_NG);
+      ng:
+	debug_node_end();
 	return COMPILE_NG;
     }
 
@@ -5083,19 +9000,33 @@ insn_data_length(INSN *iobj)
 static int
 calc_sp_depth(int depth, INSN *insn)
 {
-    return insn_stack_increase(depth, insn->insn_id, insn->operands);
+    return comptime_insn_stack_increase(depth, insn->insn_id, insn->operands);
 }
 
-static int
-insn_data_line_no(INSN *iobj)
+static VALUE
+opobj_inspect(VALUE obj)
 {
-    return insn_len(iobj->line_no);
+    if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj) && !RBASIC_CLASS(obj)) {
+        switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(obj)) {
+	  case T_STRING:
+	    obj = rb_str_new_cstr(RSTRING_PTR(obj));
+	    break;
+	  case T_ARRAY:
+	    obj = rb_ary_dup(obj);
+	    break;
+          default:
+            break;
+	}
+    }
+    return rb_inspect(obj);
 }
 
+
+
 static VALUE
 insn_data_to_s_detail(INSN *iobj)
 {
-    VALUE str = rb_sprintf("%-16s", insn_name(iobj->insn_id));
+    VALUE str = rb_sprintf("%-20s ", insn_name(iobj->insn_id));
 
     if (iobj->operands) {
 	const char *types = insn_op_types(iobj->insn_id);
@@ -5103,13 +9034,12 @@ insn_data_to_s_detail(INSN *iobj)
 
 	for (j = 0; types[j]; j++) {
 	    char type = types[j];
-	    printf("str: %"PRIxVALUE", type: %c\n", str, type);
 
 	    switch (type) {
 	      case TS_OFFSET:	/* label(destination position) */
 		{
 		    LABEL *lobj = (LABEL *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, j);
-		    rb_str_catf(str, "<L%03d>", lobj->label_no);
+		    rb_str_catf(str, LABEL_FORMAT, lobj->label_no);
 		    break;
 		}
 		break;
@@ -5117,33 +9047,59 @@ insn_data_to_s_detail(INSN *iobj)
 		{
 		    rb_iseq_t *iseq = (rb_iseq_t *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, j);
 		    VALUE val = Qnil;
-		    if (iseq) {
-			val = iseq->self;
+		    if (0 && iseq) { /* TODO: invalidate now */
+			val = (VALUE)iseq;
 		    }
-		    rb_str_concat(str, rb_inspect(val));
+		    rb_str_concat(str, opobj_inspect(val));
 		}
 		break;
 	      case TS_LINDEX:
-	      case TS_DINDEX:
 	      case TS_NUM:	/* ulong */
 	      case TS_VALUE:	/* VALUE */
-		rb_str_concat(str, rb_inspect(OPERAND_AT(iobj, j)));
-		break;
-	      case TS_ID:	/* ID */
-		rb_str_concat(str, rb_inspect(OPERAND_AT(iobj, j)));
-		break;
-	      case TS_GENTRY:
 		{
-		    struct rb_global_entry *entry = (struct rb_global_entry *)
-		      (OPERAND_AT(iobj, j) & (~1));
-		    rb_str_cat2(str, rb_id2name(entry->id));
+		    VALUE v = OPERAND_AT(iobj, j);
+                    if (!CLASS_OF(v))
+                        rb_str_cat2(str, "<hidden>");
+                    else {
+                        rb_str_concat(str, opobj_inspect(v));
+                    }
+		    break;
 		}
-	      case TS_IC:	/* method cache */
+	      case TS_ID:	/* ID */
+		rb_str_concat(str, opobj_inspect(OPERAND_AT(iobj, j)));
+		break;
+	      case TS_IC:	/* inline cache */
+	      case TS_IVC:	/* inline ivar cache */
+	      case TS_ISE:	/* inline storage entry */
 		rb_str_catf(str, "<ic:%d>", FIX2INT(OPERAND_AT(iobj, j)));
 		break;
+              case TS_CALLDATA: /* we store these as call infos at compile time */
+		{
+                    const struct rb_callinfo *ci = (struct rb_callinfo *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, j);
+                    rb_str_cat2(str, "<calldata:");
+                    if (vm_ci_mid(ci)) rb_str_catf(str, "%"PRIsVALUE, rb_id2str(vm_ci_mid(ci)));
+                    rb_str_catf(str, ", %d>", vm_ci_argc(ci));
+		    break;
+		}
 	      case TS_CDHASH:	/* case/when condition cache */
 		rb_str_cat2(str, "<ch>");
 		break;
+	      case TS_FUNCPTR:
+		{
+		    void *func = (void *)OPERAND_AT(iobj, j);
+#ifdef HAVE_DLADDR
+		    Dl_info info;
+		    if (dladdr(func, &info) && info.dli_sname) {
+			rb_str_cat2(str, info.dli_sname);
+			break;
+		    }
+#endif
+		    rb_str_catf(str, "<%p>", func);
+		}
+		break;
+              case TS_BUILTIN:
+                rb_str_cat2(str, "<TS_BUILTIN>");
+                break;
 	      default:{
 		rb_raise(rb_eSyntaxError, "unknown operand type: %c", type);
 	      }
@@ -5157,7 +9113,13 @@ insn_data_to_s_detail(INSN *iobj)
 }
 
 static void
-dump_disasm_list(struct iseq_link_element *link)
+dump_disasm_list(const LINK_ELEMENT *link)
+{
+    dump_disasm_list_with_cursor(link, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static void
+dump_disasm_list_with_cursor(const LINK_ELEMENT *link, const LINK_ELEMENT *curr, const LABEL *dest)
 {
     int pos = 0;
     INSN *iobj;
@@ -5167,31 +9129,33 @@ dump_disasm_list(struct iseq_link_element *link)
     printf("-- raw disasm--------\n");
 
     while (link) {
+	if (curr) printf(curr == link ? "*" : " ");
 	switch (link->type) {
 	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_INSN:
 	    {
 		iobj = (INSN *)link;
 		str = insn_data_to_s_detail(iobj);
-		printf("%04d %-65s(%4d)\n", pos, StringValueCStr(str),
-		       insn_data_line_no(iobj));
+		printf("  %04d %-65s(%4u)\n", pos, StringValueCStr(str), iobj->insn_info.line_no);
 		pos += insn_data_length(iobj);
 		break;
 	    }
 	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_LABEL:
 	    {
 		lobj = (LABEL *)link;
-		printf("<L%03d>\n", lobj->label_no);
+		printf(LABEL_FORMAT" [sp: %d]%s\n", lobj->label_no, lobj->sp,
+		       dest == lobj ? " <---" : "");
 		break;
 	    }
-	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_NONE:
+	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_TRACE:
 	    {
-		printf("[none]\n");
+		TRACE *trace = (TRACE *)link;
+		printf("  trace: %0x\n", trace->event);
 		break;
 	    }
 	  case ISEQ_ELEMENT_ADJUST:
 	    {
 		ADJUST *adjust = (ADJUST *)link;
-		printf("adjust: [label: %d]\n", adjust->label->label_no);
+		printf("  adjust: [label: %d]\n", adjust->label ? adjust->label->label_no : -1);
 		break;
 	    }
 	  default:
@@ -5201,15 +9165,22 @@ dump_disasm_list(struct iseq_link_element *link)
 	link = link->next;
     }
     printf("---------------------\n");
+    fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+const char *
+rb_insns_name(int i)
+{
+    return insn_name(i);
 }
 
 VALUE
 rb_insns_name_array(void)
 {
-    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
+    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new_capa(VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE);
     int i;
-    for (i = 0; i < numberof(insn_name_info); i++) {
-	rb_ary_push(ary, rb_obj_freeze(rb_str_new2(insn_name_info[i])));
+    for (i = 0; i < VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE; i++) {
+	rb_ary_push(ary, rb_fstring_cstr(insn_name(i)));
     }
     return rb_obj_freeze(ary);
 }
@@ -5219,7 +9190,7 @@ register_label(rb_iseq_t *iseq, struct st_table *labels_table, VALUE obj)
 {
     LABEL *label = 0;
     st_data_t tmp;
-    obj = rb_convert_type(obj, T_SYMBOL, "Symbol", "to_sym");
+    obj = rb_to_symbol_type(obj);
 
     if (st_lookup(labels_table, obj, &tmp) == 0) {
 	label = NEW_LABEL(0);
@@ -5228,25 +9199,23 @@ register_label(rb_iseq_t *iseq, struct st_table *labels_table, VALUE obj)
     else {
 	label = (LABEL *)tmp;
     }
+    LABEL_REF(label);
     return label;
 }
 
 static VALUE
 get_exception_sym2type(VALUE sym)
 {
-#undef rb_intern
-#define rb_intern(str) rb_intern_const(str)
-    VALUE sym_inspect;
     static VALUE symRescue, symEnsure, symRetry;
     static VALUE symBreak, symRedo, symNext;
 
     if (symRescue == 0) {
-	symRescue = ID2SYM(rb_intern("rescue"));
-	symEnsure = ID2SYM(rb_intern("ensure"));
-	symRetry  = ID2SYM(rb_intern("retry"));
-	symBreak  = ID2SYM(rb_intern("break"));
-	symRedo   = ID2SYM(rb_intern("redo"));
-	symNext   = ID2SYM(rb_intern("next"));
+	symRescue = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("rescue"));
+	symEnsure = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("ensure"));
+	symRetry  = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("retry"));
+	symBreak  = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("break"));
+	symRedo   = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("redo"));
+	symNext   = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("next"));
     }
 
     if (sym == symRescue) return CATCH_TYPE_RESCUE;
@@ -5255,9 +9224,7 @@ get_exception_sym2type(VALUE sym)
     if (sym == symBreak)  return CATCH_TYPE_BREAK;
     if (sym == symRedo)   return CATCH_TYPE_REDO;
     if (sym == symNext)   return CATCH_TYPE_NEXT;
-    sym_inspect = rb_inspect(sym);
-    rb_raise(rb_eSyntaxError, "invalid exception symbol: %s",
-	     StringValuePtr(sym_inspect));
+    rb_raise(rb_eSyntaxError, "invalid exception symbol: %+"PRIsVALUE, sym);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -5268,30 +9235,40 @@ iseq_build_from_ary_exception(rb_iseq_t *iseq, struct st_table *labels_table,
     int i;
 
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(exception); i++) {
-	VALUE v, type, *ptr, eiseqval;
+	const rb_iseq_t *eiseq;
+	VALUE v, type;
 	LABEL *lstart, *lend, *lcont;
-	int sp;
+	unsigned int sp;
 
-	RB_GC_GUARD(v) = rb_convert_type(RARRAY_PTR(exception)[i], T_ARRAY,
-					 "Array", "to_ary");
+	v = rb_to_array_type(RARRAY_AREF(exception, i));
 	if (RARRAY_LEN(v) != 6) {
 	    rb_raise(rb_eSyntaxError, "wrong exception entry");
 	}
-	ptr  = RARRAY_PTR(v);
-	type = get_exception_sym2type(ptr[0]);
-	if (ptr[1] == Qnil) {
-	    eiseqval = 0;
+        type = get_exception_sym2type(RARRAY_AREF(v, 0));
+        if (RARRAY_AREF(v, 1) == Qnil) {
+	    eiseq = NULL;
 	}
 	else {
-	    eiseqval = rb_iseq_load(ptr[1], iseq->self, Qnil);
+            eiseq = rb_iseqw_to_iseq(rb_iseq_load(RARRAY_AREF(v, 1), (VALUE)iseq, Qnil));
+        }
+
+        lstart = register_label(iseq, labels_table, RARRAY_AREF(v, 2));
+        lend   = register_label(iseq, labels_table, RARRAY_AREF(v, 3));
+        lcont  = register_label(iseq, labels_table, RARRAY_AREF(v, 4));
+        sp     = NUM2UINT(RARRAY_AREF(v, 5));
+
+	/* TODO: Dirty Hack!  Fix me */
+	if (type == CATCH_TYPE_RESCUE ||
+	    type == CATCH_TYPE_BREAK ||
+	    type == CATCH_TYPE_NEXT) {
+	    ++sp;
 	}
 
-	lstart = register_label(iseq, labels_table, ptr[2]);
-	lend   = register_label(iseq, labels_table, ptr[3]);
-	lcont  = register_label(iseq, labels_table, ptr[4]);
-	sp     = NUM2INT(ptr[5]);
+	lcont->sp = sp;
 
-	ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(type, lstart, lend, eiseqval, lcont);
+	ADD_CATCH_ENTRY(type, lstart, lend, eiseq, lcont);
+
+	RB_GC_GUARD(v);
     }
     return COMPILE_OK;
 }
@@ -5301,24 +9278,99 @@ insn_make_insn_table(void)
 {
     struct st_table *table;
     int i;
-    table = st_init_numtable();
+    table = st_init_numtable_with_size(VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE);
 
     for (i=0; i<VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE; i++) {
-	st_insert(table, ID2SYM(rb_intern(insn_name(i))), i);
+	st_insert(table, ID2SYM(rb_intern_const(insn_name(i))), i);
     }
 
     return table;
 }
 
+static const rb_iseq_t *
+iseq_build_load_iseq(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE op)
+{
+    VALUE iseqw;
+    const rb_iseq_t *loaded_iseq;
+
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(op, T_ARRAY)) {
+	iseqw = rb_iseq_load(op, (VALUE)iseq, Qnil);
+    }
+    else if (CLASS_OF(op) == rb_cISeq) {
+	iseqw = op;
+    }
+    else {
+	rb_raise(rb_eSyntaxError, "ISEQ is required");
+    }
+
+    loaded_iseq = rb_iseqw_to_iseq(iseqw);
+    return loaded_iseq;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+iseq_build_callinfo_from_hash(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE op)
+{
+    ID mid = 0;
+    int orig_argc = 0;
+    unsigned int flag = 0;
+    struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *kw_arg = 0;
+
+    if (!NIL_P(op)) {
+	VALUE vmid = rb_hash_aref(op, ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("mid")));
+	VALUE vflag = rb_hash_aref(op, ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("flag")));
+	VALUE vorig_argc = rb_hash_aref(op, ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("orig_argc")));
+	VALUE vkw_arg = rb_hash_aref(op, ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("kw_arg")));
+
+	if (!NIL_P(vmid)) mid = SYM2ID(vmid);
+	if (!NIL_P(vflag)) flag = NUM2UINT(vflag);
+	if (!NIL_P(vorig_argc)) orig_argc = FIX2INT(vorig_argc);
+
+	if (!NIL_P(vkw_arg)) {
+	    int i;
+	    int len = RARRAY_LENINT(vkw_arg);
+	    size_t n = rb_callinfo_kwarg_bytes(len);
+
+	    kw_arg = xmalloc(n);
+	    kw_arg->keyword_len = len;
+	    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		VALUE kw = RARRAY_AREF(vkw_arg, i);
+		SYM2ID(kw);	/* make immortal */
+		kw_arg->keywords[i] = kw;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    const struct rb_callinfo *ci = new_callinfo(iseq, mid, orig_argc, flag, kw_arg, (flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_SIMPLE) == 0);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, ci);
+    return (VALUE)ci;
+}
+
+static rb_event_flag_t
+event_name_to_flag(VALUE sym)
+{
+#define CHECK_EVENT(ev) if (sym == ID2SYM(rb_intern_const(#ev))) return ev;
+		CHECK_EVENT(RUBY_EVENT_LINE);
+		CHECK_EVENT(RUBY_EVENT_CLASS);
+		CHECK_EVENT(RUBY_EVENT_END);
+		CHECK_EVENT(RUBY_EVENT_CALL);
+		CHECK_EVENT(RUBY_EVENT_RETURN);
+		CHECK_EVENT(RUBY_EVENT_B_CALL);
+		CHECK_EVENT(RUBY_EVENT_B_RETURN);
+#undef CHECK_EVENT
+    return RUBY_EVENT_NONE;
+}
+
 static int
-iseq_build_from_ary_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor,
-		VALUE body, struct st_table *labels_table)
+iseq_build_from_ary_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const anchor,
+			 VALUE body, VALUE labels_wrapper)
 {
     /* TODO: body should be frozen */
-    VALUE *ptr = RARRAY_PTR(body);
     long i, len = RARRAY_LEN(body);
+    struct st_table *labels_table = DATA_PTR(labels_wrapper);
     int j;
     int line_no = 0;
+    int ret = COMPILE_OK;
+
     /*
      * index -> LABEL *label
      */
@@ -5329,36 +9381,51 @@ iseq_build_from_ary_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor,
     }
 
     for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
-	VALUE obj = ptr[i];
+        VALUE obj = RARRAY_AREF(body, i);
 
 	if (SYMBOL_P(obj)) {
-	    LABEL *label = register_label(iseq, labels_table, obj);
-	    ADD_LABEL(anchor, label);
+	    rb_event_flag_t event;
+	    if ((event = event_name_to_flag(obj)) != RUBY_EVENT_NONE) {
+		ADD_TRACE(anchor, event);
+	    }
+	    else {
+		LABEL *label = register_label(iseq, labels_table, obj);
+		ADD_LABEL(anchor, label);
+	    }
 	}
 	else if (FIXNUM_P(obj)) {
 	    line_no = NUM2INT(obj);
 	}
-	else if (TYPE(obj) == T_ARRAY) {
+	else if (RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_ARRAY)) {
 	    VALUE *argv = 0;
 	    int argc = RARRAY_LENINT(obj) - 1;
 	    st_data_t insn_id;
 	    VALUE insn;
 
-	    insn = (argc < 0) ? Qnil : RARRAY_PTR(obj)[0];
+	    insn = (argc < 0) ? Qnil : RARRAY_AREF(obj, 0);
 	    if (st_lookup(insn_table, (st_data_t)insn, &insn_id) == 0) {
 		/* TODO: exception */
-		RB_GC_GUARD(insn) = rb_inspect(insn);
-		rb_compile_error(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->filename), line_no,
-				 "unknown instruction: %s", RSTRING_PTR(insn));
+		COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, line_no,
+			      "unknown instruction: %+"PRIsVALUE, insn);
+		ret = COMPILE_NG;
+		break;
 	    }
 
 	    if (argc != insn_len((VALUE)insn_id)-1) {
-		rb_compile_error(RSTRING_PTR(iseq->filename), line_no,
-				 "operand size mismatch");
+		COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, line_no,
+			      "operand size mismatch");
+		ret = COMPILE_NG;
+		break;
 	    }
 
 	    if (argc > 0) {
-		argv = compile_data_alloc(iseq, sizeof(VALUE) * argc);
+                argv = compile_data_calloc2(iseq, sizeof(VALUE), argc);
+
+                // add element before operand setup to make GC root
+                ADD_ELEM(anchor,
+                         (LINK_ELEMENT*)new_insn_core(iseq, line_no,
+                                                      (enum ruby_vminsn_type)insn_id, argc, argv));
+
 		for (j=0; j<argc; j++) {
 		    VALUE op = rb_ary_entry(obj, j+1);
 		    switch (insn_op_type((VALUE)insn_id, j)) {
@@ -5368,60 +9435,68 @@ iseq_build_from_ary_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor,
 			break;
 		      }
 		      case TS_LINDEX:
-		      case TS_DINDEX:
 		      case TS_NUM:
 			(void)NUM2INT(op);
 			argv[j] = op;
 			break;
 		      case TS_VALUE:
 			argv[j] = op;
-			iseq_add_mark_object(iseq, op);
+			RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, op);
 			break;
 		      case TS_ISEQ:
 			{
 			    if (op != Qnil) {
-				if (TYPE(op) == T_ARRAY) {
-				    argv[j] = rb_iseq_load(op, iseq->self, Qnil);
-				}
-				else if (CLASS_OF(op) == rb_cISeq) {
-				    argv[j] = op;
-				}
-				else {
-				    rb_raise(rb_eSyntaxError, "ISEQ is required");
-				}
-				iseq_add_mark_object(iseq, argv[j]);
+				VALUE v = (VALUE)iseq_build_load_iseq(iseq, op);
+				argv[j] = v;
+				RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, v);
 			    }
 			    else {
 				argv[j] = 0;
 			    }
 			}
 			break;
-		      case TS_GENTRY:
-			op = rb_convert_type(op, T_SYMBOL, "Symbol", "to_sym");
-			argv[j] = (VALUE)rb_global_entry(SYM2ID(op));
-			break;
+		      case TS_ISE:
 		      case TS_IC:
+                      case TS_IVC:  /* inline ivar cache */
 			argv[j] = op;
-			if (NUM2INT(op) >= iseq->ic_size)
-			    iseq->ic_size = NUM2INT(op) + 1;
+			if (NUM2UINT(op) >= iseq->body->is_size) {
+			    iseq->body->is_size = NUM2INT(op) + 1;
+			}
+                        FL_SET((VALUE)iseq, ISEQ_MARKABLE_ISEQ);
+			break;
+                      case TS_CALLDATA:
+			argv[j] = iseq_build_callinfo_from_hash(iseq, op);
 			break;
 		      case TS_ID:
-			argv[j] = rb_convert_type(op, T_SYMBOL,
-						  "Symbol", "to_sym");
+			argv[j] = rb_to_symbol_type(op);
 			break;
 		      case TS_CDHASH:
 			{
 			    int i;
-			    op = rb_convert_type(op, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
-			    op = rb_ary_dup(op);
+			    VALUE map = rb_hash_new_with_size(RARRAY_LEN(op)/2);
+
+                            RHASH_TBL_RAW(map)->type = &cdhash_type;
+			    op = rb_to_array_type(op);
 			    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(op); i+=2) {
-				VALUE sym = rb_ary_entry(op, i+1);
+				VALUE key = RARRAY_AREF(op, i);
+				VALUE sym = RARRAY_AREF(op, i+1);
 				LABEL *label =
 				  register_label(iseq, labels_table, sym);
-				rb_ary_store(op, i+1, (VALUE)label | 1);
+				rb_hash_aset(map, key, (VALUE)label | 1);
 			    }
-			    argv[j] = op;
-			    iseq_add_mark_object_compile_time(iseq, op);
+			    RB_GC_GUARD(op);
+			    argv[j] = map;
+			    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseq, Qundef, map);
+			}
+			break;
+		      case TS_FUNCPTR:
+			{
+#if SIZEOF_VALUE <= SIZEOF_LONG
+			    long funcptr = NUM2LONG(op);
+#else
+			    LONG_LONG funcptr = NUM2LL(op);
+#endif
+			    argv[j] = (VALUE)funcptr;
 			}
 			break;
 		      default:
@@ -5429,136 +9504,304 @@ iseq_build_from_ary_body(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *anchor,
 		    }
 		}
 	    }
-	    ADD_ELEM(anchor,
-		     (LINK_ELEMENT*)new_insn_core(iseq, line_no,
-						  (enum ruby_vminsn_type)insn_id, argc, argv));
+            else {
+                ADD_ELEM(anchor,
+                         (LINK_ELEMENT*)new_insn_core(iseq, line_no,
+                                                      (enum ruby_vminsn_type)insn_id, argc, NULL));
+            }
 	}
 	else {
 	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "unexpected object for instruction");
 	}
     }
+    DATA_PTR(labels_wrapper) = 0;
     validate_labels(iseq, labels_table);
-    st_free_table(labels_table);
-    iseq_setup(iseq, anchor);
-    return COMPILE_OK;
+    if (!ret) return ret;
+    return iseq_setup(iseq, anchor);
 }
 
-#define CHECK_ARRAY(v)   rb_convert_type((v), T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary")
-#define CHECK_STRING(v)  rb_convert_type((v), T_STRING, "String", "to_str")
-#define CHECK_SYMBOL(v)  rb_convert_type((v), T_SYMBOL, "Symbol", "to_sym")
-static inline VALUE CHECK_INTEGER(VALUE v) {(void)NUM2LONG(v); return v;}
+#define CHECK_ARRAY(v)   rb_to_array_type(v)
+#define CHECK_SYMBOL(v)  rb_to_symbol_type(v)
 
-VALUE
-rb_iseq_build_from_ary(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE locals, VALUE args,
+static int
+int_param(int *dst, VALUE param, VALUE sym)
+{
+    VALUE val = rb_hash_aref(param, sym);
+    if (FIXNUM_P(val)) {
+	*dst = FIX2INT(val);
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (!NIL_P(val)) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "invalid %+"PRIsVALUE" Fixnum: %+"PRIsVALUE,
+		 sym, val);
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+static const struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *
+iseq_build_kw(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE params, VALUE keywords)
+{
+    int i, j;
+    int len = RARRAY_LENINT(keywords);
+    int default_len;
+    VALUE key, sym, default_val;
+    VALUE *dvs;
+    ID *ids;
+    struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *keyword = ZALLOC(struct rb_iseq_param_keyword);
+
+    iseq->body->param.flags.has_kw = TRUE;
+
+    keyword->num = len;
+#define SYM(s) ID2SYM(rb_intern_const(#s))
+    (void)int_param(&keyword->bits_start, params, SYM(kwbits));
+    i = keyword->bits_start - keyword->num;
+    ids = (ID *)&iseq->body->local_table[i];
+#undef SYM
+
+    /* required args */
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+	VALUE val = RARRAY_AREF(keywords, i);
+
+	if (!SYMBOL_P(val)) {
+	    goto default_values;
+	}
+	ids[i] = SYM2ID(val);
+	keyword->required_num++;
+    }
+
+  default_values: /* note: we intentionally preserve `i' from previous loop */
+    default_len = len - i;
+    if (default_len == 0) {
+	keyword->table = ids;
+	return keyword;
+    }
+    else if (default_len < 0) {
+        UNREACHABLE;
+    }
+
+    dvs = ALLOC_N(VALUE, (unsigned int)default_len);
+
+    for (j = 0; i < len; i++, j++) {
+	key = RARRAY_AREF(keywords, i);
+	CHECK_ARRAY(key);
+
+	switch (RARRAY_LEN(key)) {
+	  case 1:
+	    sym = RARRAY_AREF(key, 0);
+	    default_val = Qundef;
+	    break;
+	  case 2:
+	    sym = RARRAY_AREF(key, 0);
+	    default_val = RARRAY_AREF(key, 1);
+	    break;
+	  default:
+	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "keyword default has unsupported len %+"PRIsVALUE, key);
+	}
+	ids[i] = SYM2ID(sym);
+	dvs[j] = default_val;
+    }
+
+    keyword->table = ids;
+    keyword->default_values = dvs;
+
+    return keyword;
+}
+
+void
+rb_iseq_mark_insn_storage(struct iseq_compile_data_storage *storage)
+{
+    INSN *iobj = 0;
+    size_t size = sizeof(INSN);
+    unsigned int pos = 0;
+
+    while (storage) {
+#ifdef STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+        size_t padding = calc_padding((void *)&storage->buff[pos], size);
+#else
+        const size_t padding = 0; /* expected to be optimized by compiler */
+#endif /* STRICT_ALIGNMENT */
+        size_t offset = pos + size + padding;
+        if (offset > storage->size || offset > storage->pos) {
+            pos = 0;
+            storage = storage->next;
+        }
+        else {
+#ifdef STRICT_ALIGNMENT
+            pos += (int)padding;
+#endif /* STRICT_ALIGNMENT */
+
+            iobj = (INSN *)&storage->buff[pos];
+
+            if (iobj->operands) {
+                int j;
+                const char *types = insn_op_types(iobj->insn_id);
+
+                for (j = 0; types[j]; j++) {
+                    char type = types[j];
+                    switch (type) {
+                      case TS_CDHASH:
+                      case TS_ISEQ:
+                      case TS_VALUE:
+                      case TS_CALLDATA: // ci is stored.
+                        {
+                            VALUE op = OPERAND_AT(iobj, j);
+
+                            if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(op)) {
+                                rb_gc_mark(op);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break;
+                      default:
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            pos += (int)size;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+rb_iseq_build_from_ary(rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE misc, VALUE locals, VALUE params,
 			 VALUE exception, VALUE body)
 {
-    int i;
+#define SYM(s) ID2SYM(rb_intern_const(#s))
+    int i, len;
+    unsigned int arg_size, local_size, stack_max;
     ID *tbl;
     struct st_table *labels_table = st_init_numtable();
+    VALUE labels_wrapper = Data_Wrap_Struct(0, rb_mark_set, st_free_table, labels_table);
+    VALUE arg_opt_labels = rb_hash_aref(params, SYM(opt));
+    VALUE keywords = rb_hash_aref(params, SYM(keyword));
+    VALUE sym_arg_rest = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("#arg_rest"));
     DECL_ANCHOR(anchor);
     INIT_ANCHOR(anchor);
 
-    iseq->local_table_size = RARRAY_LENINT(locals);
-    iseq->local_table = tbl = (ID *)ALLOC_N(ID, iseq->local_table_size);
-    iseq->local_size = iseq->local_table_size + 1;
+    len = RARRAY_LENINT(locals);
+    iseq->body->local_table_size = len;
+    iseq->body->local_table = tbl = len > 0 ? (ID *)ALLOC_N(ID, iseq->body->local_table_size) : NULL;
 
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(locals); i++) {
-	VALUE lv = RARRAY_PTR(locals)[i];
-	tbl[i] = FIXNUM_P(lv) ? (ID)FIX2LONG(lv) : SYM2ID(CHECK_SYMBOL(lv));
-    }
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+	VALUE lv = RARRAY_AREF(locals, i);
 
-    /* args */
-    if (FIXNUM_P(args)) {
-	iseq->arg_size = iseq->argc = FIX2INT(args);
-	iseq->arg_simple = 1;
-    }
-    else {
-	int i = 0;
-	VALUE argc = CHECK_INTEGER(rb_ary_entry(args, i++));
-	VALUE arg_opt_labels = CHECK_ARRAY(rb_ary_entry(args, i++));
-	VALUE arg_post_len = CHECK_INTEGER(rb_ary_entry(args, i++));
-	VALUE arg_post_start = CHECK_INTEGER(rb_ary_entry(args, i++));
-	VALUE arg_rest = CHECK_INTEGER(rb_ary_entry(args, i++));
-	VALUE arg_block = CHECK_INTEGER(rb_ary_entry(args, i++));
-	VALUE arg_simple = CHECK_INTEGER(rb_ary_entry(args, i++));
-
-	iseq->argc = FIX2INT(argc);
-	iseq->arg_rest = FIX2INT(arg_rest);
-	iseq->arg_post_len = FIX2INT(arg_post_len);
-	iseq->arg_post_start = FIX2INT(arg_post_start);
-	iseq->arg_block = FIX2INT(arg_block);
-	iseq->arg_opts = RARRAY_LENINT(arg_opt_labels);
-	iseq->arg_opt_table = (VALUE *)ALLOC_N(VALUE, iseq->arg_opts);
-
-	if (iseq->arg_block != -1) {
-	    iseq->arg_size = iseq->arg_block + 1;
-	}
-	else if (iseq->arg_post_len) {
-	    iseq->arg_size = iseq->arg_post_start + iseq->arg_post_len;
-	}
-	else if (iseq->arg_rest != -1) {
-	    iseq->arg_size = iseq->arg_rest + 1;
+	if (sym_arg_rest == lv) {
+	    tbl[i] = 0;
 	}
 	else {
-	    iseq->arg_size = iseq->argc + (iseq->arg_opts ? iseq->arg_opts - 1 : 0);
+	    tbl[i] = FIXNUM_P(lv) ? (ID)FIX2LONG(lv) : SYM2ID(CHECK_SYMBOL(lv));
 	}
+    }
+
+#define INT_PARAM(F) int_param(&iseq->body->param.F, params, SYM(F))
+    if (INT_PARAM(lead_num)) {
+	iseq->body->param.flags.has_lead = TRUE;
+    }
+    if (INT_PARAM(post_num)) iseq->body->param.flags.has_post = TRUE;
+    if (INT_PARAM(post_start)) iseq->body->param.flags.has_post = TRUE;
+    if (INT_PARAM(rest_start)) iseq->body->param.flags.has_rest = TRUE;
+    if (INT_PARAM(block_start)) iseq->body->param.flags.has_block = TRUE;
+#undef INT_PARAM
+    {
+#define INT_PARAM(F) F = (int_param(&x, misc, SYM(F)) ? (unsigned int)x : 0)
+	int x;
+	INT_PARAM(arg_size);
+	INT_PARAM(local_size);
+	INT_PARAM(stack_max);
+#undef INT_PARAM
+    }
+
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(arg_opt_labels, T_ARRAY)) {
+	len = RARRAY_LENINT(arg_opt_labels);
+	iseq->body->param.flags.has_opt = !!(len - 1 >= 0);
 
-	for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(arg_opt_labels); i++) {
-	    iseq->arg_opt_table[i] =
-	      (VALUE)register_label(iseq, labels_table,
-				    rb_ary_entry(arg_opt_labels, i));
+	if (iseq->body->param.flags.has_opt) {
+	    VALUE *opt_table = ALLOC_N(VALUE, len);
+
+	    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		VALUE ent = RARRAY_AREF(arg_opt_labels, i);
+		LABEL *label = register_label(iseq, labels_table, ent);
+		opt_table[i] = (VALUE)label;
+	    }
+
+	    iseq->body->param.opt_num = len - 1;
+	    iseq->body->param.opt_table = opt_table;
 	}
+    }
+    else if (!NIL_P(arg_opt_labels)) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, ":opt param is not an array: %+"PRIsVALUE,
+		 arg_opt_labels);
+    }
 
-	iseq->arg_simple = NUM2INT(arg_simple);
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(keywords, T_ARRAY)) {
+	iseq->body->param.keyword = iseq_build_kw(iseq, params, keywords);
+    }
+    else if (!NIL_P(keywords)) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, ":keywords param is not an array: %+"PRIsVALUE,
+		 keywords);
+    }
+
+    if (Qtrue == rb_hash_aref(params, SYM(ambiguous_param0))) {
+	iseq->body->param.flags.ambiguous_param0 = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    if (int_param(&i, params, SYM(kwrest))) {
+	struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *keyword = (struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *)iseq->body->param.keyword;
+	if (keyword == NULL) {
+	    iseq->body->param.keyword = keyword = ZALLOC(struct rb_iseq_param_keyword);
+	}
+	keyword->rest_start = i;
+	iseq->body->param.flags.has_kwrest = TRUE;
     }
+#undef SYM
+    iseq_calc_param_size(iseq);
 
     /* exception */
     iseq_build_from_ary_exception(iseq, labels_table, exception);
 
     /* body */
-    iseq_build_from_ary_body(iseq, anchor, body, labels_table);
-    return iseq->self;
+    iseq_build_from_ary_body(iseq, anchor, body, labels_wrapper);
+
+    iseq->body->param.size = arg_size;
+    iseq->body->local_table_size = local_size;
+    iseq->body->stack_max = stack_max;
 }
 
 /* for parser */
 
 int
-rb_dvar_defined(ID id)
+rb_dvar_defined(ID id, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
-    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
-    rb_iseq_t *iseq;
-    if (th->base_block && (iseq = th->base_block->iseq)) {
-	while (iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK ||
-	       iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE ||
-	       iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE ||
-	       iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL ||
-	       iseq->type == ISEQ_TYPE_MAIN
+    if (iseq) {
+	const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *body = iseq->body;
+	while (body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_BLOCK ||
+	       body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_RESCUE ||
+	       body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_ENSURE ||
+	       body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_EVAL ||
+	       body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_MAIN
 	       ) {
-	    int i;
+	    unsigned int i;
 
-	    for (i = 0; i < iseq->local_table_size; i++) {
-		if (iseq->local_table[i] == id) {
+	    for (i = 0; i < body->local_table_size; i++) {
+		if (body->local_table[i] == id) {
 		    return 1;
 		}
 	    }
-	    iseq = iseq->parent_iseq;
+	    iseq = body->parent_iseq;
+	    body = iseq->body;
 	}
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
 int
-rb_local_defined(ID id)
+rb_local_defined(ID id, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
 {
-    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
-    rb_iseq_t *iseq;
-
-    if (th->base_block && th->base_block->iseq) {
-	int i;
-	iseq = th->base_block->iseq->local_iseq;
+    if (iseq) {
+	unsigned int i;
+	const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body->local_iseq->body;
 
-	for (i=0; i<iseq->local_table_size; i++) {
-	    if (iseq->local_table[i] == id) {
+	for (i=0; i<body->local_table_size; i++) {
+	    if (body->local_table[i] == id) {
 		return 1;
 	    }
 	}
@@ -5566,14 +9809,2366 @@ rb_local_defined(ID id)
     return 0;
 }
 
-int
-rb_parse_in_eval(void)
+static int
+caller_location(VALUE *path, VALUE *realpath)
 {
-    return GET_THREAD()->parse_in_eval > 0;
+    const rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
+    const rb_control_frame_t *const cfp =
+        rb_vm_get_ruby_level_next_cfp(ec, ec->cfp);
+
+    if (cfp) {
+	int line = rb_vm_get_sourceline(cfp);
+	*path = rb_iseq_path(cfp->iseq);
+	*realpath = rb_iseq_realpath(cfp->iseq);
+	return line;
+    }
+    else {
+	*path = rb_fstring_lit("<compiled>");
+	*realpath = *path;
+	return 1;
+    }
 }
 
-int
-rb_parse_in_main(void)
+typedef struct {
+    VALUE arg;
+    VALUE func;
+    int line;
+} accessor_args;
+
+static const rb_iseq_t *
+method_for_self(VALUE name, VALUE arg, const struct rb_builtin_function *func,
+                void (*build)(rb_iseq_t *, LINK_ANCHOR *, const void *))
+{
+    VALUE path, realpath;
+    accessor_args acc;
+
+    acc.arg = arg;
+    acc.func = (VALUE)func;
+    acc.line = caller_location(&path, &realpath);
+    struct rb_iseq_new_with_callback_callback_func *ifunc =
+        rb_iseq_new_with_callback_new_callback(build, &acc);
+    return rb_iseq_new_with_callback(ifunc,
+			     rb_sym2str(name), path, realpath,
+			     INT2FIX(acc.line), 0, ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD, 0);
+}
+
+static void
+for_self_aref(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, const void *a)
+{
+    const accessor_args *const args = (void *)a;
+    const int line = args->line;
+    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+
+    iseq_set_local_table(iseq, 0);
+    body->param.lead_num = 0;
+    body->param.size = 0;
+
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, args->arg);
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, invokebuiltin, args->func);
+}
+
+static void
+for_self_aset(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *ret, const void *a)
+{
+    const accessor_args *const args = (void *)a;
+    const int line = args->line;
+    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+    static const ID vars[] = {1, idUScore};
+
+    iseq_set_local_table(iseq, vars);
+    body->param.lead_num = 1;
+    body->param.size = 1;
+
+    ADD_GETLOCAL(ret, line, numberof(vars)-1, 0);
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, putobject, args->arg);
+    ADD_INSN1(ret, line, invokebuiltin, args->func);
+}
+
+/*
+ * func (index) -> (value)
+ */
+const rb_iseq_t *
+rb_method_for_self_aref(VALUE name, VALUE arg, const struct rb_builtin_function *func)
+{
+    return method_for_self(name, arg, func, for_self_aref);
+}
+
+/*
+ * func (index, value) -> (value)
+ */
+const rb_iseq_t *
+rb_method_for_self_aset(VALUE name, VALUE arg, const struct rb_builtin_function *func)
+{
+    return method_for_self(name, arg, func, for_self_aset);
+}
+
+/* ISeq binary format */
+
+#ifndef IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+#define IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
+#define IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER 0
+#endif
+
+typedef unsigned int ibf_offset_t;
+#define IBF_OFFSET(ptr) ((ibf_offset_t)(VALUE)(ptr))
+
+#define IBF_MAJOR_VERSION ISEQ_MAJOR_VERSION
+#if RUBY_DEVEL
+#define IBF_DEVEL_VERSION 3
+#define IBF_MINOR_VERSION (ISEQ_MINOR_VERSION * 10000 + IBF_DEVEL_VERSION)
+#else
+#define IBF_MINOR_VERSION ISEQ_MINOR_VERSION
+#endif
+
+struct ibf_header {
+    char magic[4]; /* YARB */
+    unsigned int major_version;
+    unsigned int minor_version;
+    unsigned int size;
+    unsigned int extra_size;
+
+    unsigned int iseq_list_size;
+    unsigned int global_object_list_size;
+    ibf_offset_t iseq_list_offset;
+    ibf_offset_t global_object_list_offset;
+};
+
+struct ibf_dump_buffer {
+    VALUE str;
+    st_table *obj_table; /* obj -> obj number */
+};
+
+struct ibf_dump {
+    st_table *iseq_table; /* iseq -> iseq number */
+    struct ibf_dump_buffer global_buffer;
+    struct ibf_dump_buffer *current_buffer;
+};
+
+rb_iseq_t * iseq_alloc(void);
+
+struct ibf_load_buffer {
+    const char *buff;
+    ibf_offset_t size;
+
+    VALUE obj_list; /* [obj0, ...] */
+    unsigned int obj_list_size;
+    ibf_offset_t obj_list_offset;
+};
+
+struct ibf_load {
+    const struct ibf_header *header;
+    VALUE iseq_list;       /* [iseq0, ...] */
+    struct ibf_load_buffer global_buffer;
+    VALUE loader_obj;
+    rb_iseq_t *iseq;
+    VALUE str;
+    struct ibf_load_buffer *current_buffer;
+};
+
+struct pinned_list {
+    long size;
+    VALUE * buffer;
+};
+
+static void
+pinned_list_mark(void *ptr)
+{
+    long i;
+    struct pinned_list *list = (struct pinned_list *)ptr;
+    for (i = 0; i < list->size; i++) {
+        if (list->buffer[i]) {
+            rb_gc_mark(list->buffer[i]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+pinned_list_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct pinned_list *list = (struct pinned_list *)ptr;
+    xfree(list->buffer);
+    xfree(ptr);
+}
+
+static size_t
+pinned_list_memsize(const void *ptr)
+{
+    struct pinned_list *list = (struct pinned_list *)ptr;
+    return sizeof(struct pinned_list) + (list->size * sizeof(VALUE *));
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t pinned_list_type = {
+    "pinned_list",
+    {pinned_list_mark, pinned_list_free, pinned_list_memsize,},
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+};
+
+static VALUE
+pinned_list_fetch(VALUE list, long offset)
+{
+    struct pinned_list * ptr;
+
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(list, struct pinned_list, &pinned_list_type, ptr);
+
+    if (offset >= ptr->size) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "object index out of range: %ld", offset);
+    }
+
+    return ptr->buffer[offset];
+}
+
+static void
+pinned_list_store(VALUE list, long offset, VALUE object)
+{
+    struct pinned_list * ptr;
+
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(list, struct pinned_list, &pinned_list_type, ptr);
+
+    if (offset >= ptr->size) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "object index out of range: %ld", offset);
+    }
+
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(list, &ptr->buffer[offset], object);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+pinned_list_new(long size)
+{
+    struct pinned_list * ptr;
+    VALUE obj_list =
+        TypedData_Make_Struct(0, struct pinned_list, &pinned_list_type, ptr);
+
+    ptr->buffer = xcalloc(size, sizeof(VALUE));
+    ptr->size = size;
+
+    return obj_list;
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_pos(struct ibf_dump *dump)
+{
+    long pos = RSTRING_LEN(dump->current_buffer->str);
+#if SIZEOF_LONG > SIZEOF_INT
+    if (pos >= UINT_MAX) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "dump size exceeds");
+    }
+#endif
+    return (unsigned int)pos;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_align(struct ibf_dump *dump, size_t align)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t pos = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+    if (pos % align) {
+        static const char padding[sizeof(VALUE)];
+        size_t size = align - ((size_t)pos % align);
+#if SIZEOF_LONG > SIZEOF_INT
+        if (pos + size >= UINT_MAX) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "dump size exceeds");
+        }
+#endif
+        for (; size > sizeof(padding); size -= sizeof(padding)) {
+            rb_str_cat(dump->current_buffer->str, padding, sizeof(padding));
+        }
+        rb_str_cat(dump->current_buffer->str, padding, size);
+    }
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_write(struct ibf_dump *dump, const void *buff, unsigned long size)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t pos = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+    rb_str_cat(dump->current_buffer->str, (const char *)buff, size);
+    /* TODO: overflow check */
+    return pos;
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_write_byte(struct ibf_dump *dump, unsigned char byte)
+{
+    return ibf_dump_write(dump, &byte, sizeof(unsigned char));
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_overwrite(struct ibf_dump *dump, void *buff, unsigned int size, long offset)
+{
+    VALUE str = dump->current_buffer->str;
+    char *ptr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    if ((unsigned long)(size + offset) > (unsigned long)RSTRING_LEN(str))
+        rb_bug("ibf_dump_overwrite: overflow");
+    memcpy(ptr + offset, buff, size);
+}
+
+static const void *
+ibf_load_ptr(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t *offset, int size)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t beg = *offset;
+    *offset += size;
+    return load->current_buffer->buff + beg;
+}
+
+static void *
+ibf_load_alloc(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t offset, size_t x, size_t y)
+{
+    void *buff = ruby_xmalloc2(x, y);
+    size_t size = x * y;
+    memcpy(buff, load->current_buffer->buff + offset, size);
+    return buff;
+}
+
+#define IBF_W_ALIGN(type) (RUBY_ALIGNOF(type) > 1 ? ibf_dump_align(dump, RUBY_ALIGNOF(type)) : (void)0)
+
+#define IBF_W(b, type, n) (IBF_W_ALIGN(type), (type *)(VALUE)IBF_WP(b, type, n))
+#define IBF_WV(variable)   ibf_dump_write(dump, &(variable), sizeof(variable))
+#define IBF_WP(b, type, n) ibf_dump_write(dump, (b), sizeof(type) * (n))
+#define IBF_R(val, type, n) (type *)ibf_load_alloc(load, IBF_OFFSET(val), sizeof(type), (n))
+#define IBF_ZERO(variable) memset(&(variable), 0, sizeof(variable))
+
+static int
+ibf_table_lookup(struct st_table *table, st_data_t key)
+{
+    st_data_t val;
+
+    if (st_lookup(table, key, &val)) {
+        return (int)val;
+    }
+    else {
+        return -1;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+ibf_table_find_or_insert(struct st_table *table, st_data_t key)
+{
+    int index = ibf_table_lookup(table, key);
+
+    if (index < 0) { /* not found */
+        index = (int)table->num_entries;
+        st_insert(table, key, (st_data_t)index);
+    }
+
+    return index;
+}
+
+/* dump/load generic */
+
+static void ibf_dump_object_list(struct ibf_dump *dump, ibf_offset_t *obj_list_offset, unsigned int *obj_list_size);
+
+static VALUE ibf_load_object(const struct ibf_load *load, VALUE object_index);
+static rb_iseq_t *ibf_load_iseq(const struct ibf_load *load, const rb_iseq_t *index_iseq);
+
+static st_table *
+ibf_dump_object_table_new(void)
+{
+    st_table *obj_table = st_init_numtable(); /* need free */
+    st_insert(obj_table, (st_data_t)Qnil, (st_data_t)0); /* 0th is nil */
+
+    return obj_table;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_dump_object(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    return ibf_table_find_or_insert(dump->current_buffer->obj_table, (st_data_t)obj);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_dump_id(struct ibf_dump *dump, ID id)
+{
+    if (id == 0 || rb_id2name(id) == NULL) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return ibf_dump_object(dump, rb_id2sym(id));
+}
+
+static ID
+ibf_load_id(const struct ibf_load *load, const ID id_index)
+{
+    if (id_index == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    VALUE sym = ibf_load_object(load, id_index);
+    return rb_sym2id(sym);
+}
+
+/* dump/load: code */
+
+static ibf_offset_t ibf_dump_iseq_each(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq);
+
+static int
+ibf_dump_iseq(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    if (iseq == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else {
+        return ibf_table_find_or_insert(dump->iseq_table, (st_data_t)iseq);
+    }
+}
+
+static unsigned char
+ibf_load_byte(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t *offset)
+{
+    if (*offset >= load->current_buffer->size) { rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "invalid bytecode"); }
+    return (unsigned char)load->current_buffer->buff[(*offset)++];
+}
+
+/*
+ * Small uint serialization
+ * 0x00000000_00000000 - 0x00000000_0000007f: 1byte | XXXX XXX1 |
+ * 0x00000000_00000080 - 0x00000000_00003fff: 2byte | XXXX XX10 | XXXX XXXX |
+ * 0x00000000_00004000 - 0x00000000_001fffff: 3byte | XXXX X100 | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX |
+ * 0x00000000_00020000 - 0x00000000_0fffffff: 4byte | XXXX 1000 | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX |
+ * ...
+ * 0x00010000_00000000 - 0x00ffffff_ffffffff: 8byte | 1000 0000 | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX |
+ * 0x01000000_00000000 - 0xffffffff_ffffffff: 9byte | 0000 0000 | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX | XXXX XXXX |
+ */
+static void
+ibf_dump_write_small_value(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE x)
+{
+    if (sizeof(VALUE) > 8 || CHAR_BIT != 8) {
+        ibf_dump_write(dump, &x, sizeof(VALUE));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    enum { max_byte_length = sizeof(VALUE) + 1 };
+
+    unsigned char bytes[max_byte_length];
+    ibf_offset_t n;
+
+    for (n = 0; n < sizeof(VALUE) && (x >> (7 - n)); n++, x >>= 8) {
+        bytes[max_byte_length - 1 - n] = (unsigned char)x;
+    }
+
+    x <<= 1;
+    x |= 1;
+    x <<= n;
+    bytes[max_byte_length - 1 - n] = (unsigned char)x;
+    n++;
+
+    ibf_dump_write(dump, bytes + max_byte_length - n, n);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_small_value(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t *offset)
+{
+    if (sizeof(VALUE) > 8 || CHAR_BIT != 8) {
+        union { char s[sizeof(VALUE)]; VALUE v; } x;
+
+        memcpy(x.s, load->current_buffer->buff + *offset, sizeof(VALUE));
+        *offset += sizeof(VALUE);
+
+        return x.v;
+    }
+
+    enum { max_byte_length = sizeof(VALUE) + 1 };
+
+    const unsigned char *buffer = (const unsigned char *)load->current_buffer->buff;
+    const unsigned char c = buffer[*offset];
+
+    ibf_offset_t n =
+        c & 1 ? 1 :
+        c == 0 ? 9 : ntz_int32(c) + 1;
+    VALUE x = (VALUE)c >> n;
+
+    if (*offset + n > load->current_buffer->size) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "invalid byte sequence");
+    }
+
+    ibf_offset_t i;
+    for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+        x <<= 8;
+        x |= (VALUE)buffer[*offset + i];
+    }
+
+    *offset += n;
+    return x;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_builtin(struct ibf_dump *dump, const struct rb_builtin_function *bf)
+{
+    // short: index
+    // short: name.length
+    // bytes: name
+    // // omit argc (only verify with name)
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, (VALUE)bf->index);
+
+    size_t len = strlen(bf->name);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, (VALUE)len);
+    ibf_dump_write(dump, bf->name, len);
+}
+
+static const struct rb_builtin_function *
+ibf_load_builtin(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t *offset)
+{
+    int i = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, offset);
+    int len = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, offset);
+    const char *name = (char *)ibf_load_ptr(load, offset, len);
+
+    if (0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%.*s!!\n", len, name);
+    }
+
+    const struct rb_builtin_function *table = GET_VM()->builtin_function_table;
+    if (table == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "builtin function table is not provided");
+    if (strncmp(table[i].name, name, len) != 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "builtin function index (%d) mismatch (expect %s but %s)", i, name, table[i].name);
+    }
+    // fprintf(stderr, "load-builtin: name:%s(%d)\n", table[i].name, table[i].argc);
+
+    return &table[i];
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_code(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+    const int iseq_size = body->iseq_size;
+    int code_index;
+    const VALUE *orig_code = rb_iseq_original_iseq(iseq);
+
+    ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    for (code_index=0; code_index<iseq_size;) {
+        const VALUE insn = orig_code[code_index++];
+        const char *types = insn_op_types(insn);
+        int op_index;
+
+        /* opcode */
+        if (insn >= 0x100) { rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "invalid instruction"); }
+        ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, insn);
+
+        /* operands */
+        for (op_index=0; types[op_index]; op_index++, code_index++) {
+            VALUE op = orig_code[code_index];
+            VALUE wv;
+
+            switch (types[op_index]) {
+              case TS_CDHASH:
+              case TS_VALUE:
+                wv = ibf_dump_object(dump, op);
+                break;
+              case TS_ISEQ:
+                wv = (VALUE)ibf_dump_iseq(dump, (const rb_iseq_t *)op);
+                break;
+              case TS_IC:
+              case TS_IVC:
+              case TS_ISE:
+                {
+                    unsigned int i;
+                    for (i=0; i<body->is_size; i++) {
+                        if (op == (VALUE)&body->is_entries[i]) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    wv = (VALUE)i;
+                }
+                break;
+              case TS_CALLDATA:
+                {
+                    goto skip_wv;
+                }
+              case TS_ID:
+                wv = ibf_dump_id(dump, (ID)op);
+                break;
+              case TS_FUNCPTR:
+                rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "TS_FUNCPTR is not supported");
+                goto skip_wv;
+              case TS_BUILTIN:
+                ibf_dump_builtin(dump, (const struct rb_builtin_function *)op);
+                goto skip_wv;
+              default:
+                wv = op;
+                break;
+            }
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, wv);
+          skip_wv:;
+        }
+        assert(insn_len(insn) == op_index+1);
+    }
+
+    return offset;
+}
+
+static VALUE *
+ibf_load_code(const struct ibf_load *load, rb_iseq_t *iseq, ibf_offset_t bytecode_offset, ibf_offset_t bytecode_size, unsigned int iseq_size)
+{
+    VALUE iseqv = (VALUE)iseq;
+    unsigned int code_index;
+    ibf_offset_t reading_pos = bytecode_offset;
+    VALUE *code = ALLOC_N(VALUE, iseq_size);
+
+    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *load_body = iseq->body;
+    struct rb_call_data *cd_entries = load_body->call_data;
+    union iseq_inline_storage_entry *is_entries = load_body->is_entries;
+
+    for (code_index=0; code_index<iseq_size;) {
+        /* opcode */
+        const VALUE insn = code[code_index++] = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+        const char *types = insn_op_types(insn);
+        int op_index;
+
+        /* operands */
+        for (op_index=0; types[op_index]; op_index++, code_index++) {
+            switch (types[op_index]) {
+              case TS_CDHASH:
+              case TS_VALUE:
+                {
+                    VALUE op = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+                    VALUE v = ibf_load_object(load, op);
+                    code[code_index] = v;
+                    if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(v)) {
+                        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseqv, Qundef, v);
+                        FL_SET(iseqv, ISEQ_MARKABLE_ISEQ);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+              case TS_ISEQ:
+                {
+                    VALUE op = (VALUE)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+                    VALUE v = (VALUE)ibf_load_iseq(load, (const rb_iseq_t *)op);
+                    code[code_index] = v;
+                    if (!SPECIAL_CONST_P(v)) {
+                        RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(iseqv, Qundef, v);
+                        FL_SET(iseqv, ISEQ_MARKABLE_ISEQ);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+              case TS_ISE:
+              case TS_IC:
+              case TS_IVC:
+                {
+                    VALUE op = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+                    code[code_index] = (VALUE)&is_entries[op];
+                }
+                FL_SET(iseqv, ISEQ_MARKABLE_ISEQ);
+                break;
+              case TS_CALLDATA:
+                {
+                    code[code_index] = (VALUE)cd_entries++;
+                }
+                break;
+              case TS_ID:
+                {
+                    VALUE op = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+                    code[code_index] = ibf_load_id(load, (ID)(VALUE)op);
+                }
+                break;
+              case TS_FUNCPTR:
+                rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "TS_FUNCPTR is not supported");
+                break;
+              case TS_BUILTIN:
+                code[code_index] = (VALUE)ibf_load_builtin(load, &reading_pos);
+                break;
+              default:
+                code[code_index] = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+        if (insn_len(insn) != op_index+1) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "operand size mismatch");
+        }
+    }
+    load_body->iseq_encoded = code;
+    load_body->iseq_size = code_index;
+
+    assert(code_index == iseq_size);
+    assert(reading_pos == bytecode_offset + bytecode_size);
+    return code;
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_param_opt_table(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    int opt_num = iseq->body->param.opt_num;
+
+    if (opt_num > 0) {
+        IBF_W_ALIGN(VALUE);
+        return ibf_dump_write(dump, iseq->body->param.opt_table, sizeof(VALUE) * (opt_num + 1));
+    }
+    else {
+        return ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE *
+ibf_load_param_opt_table(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t opt_table_offset, int opt_num)
+{
+    if (opt_num > 0) {
+        VALUE *table = ALLOC_N(VALUE, opt_num+1);
+        MEMCPY(table, load->current_buffer->buff + opt_table_offset, VALUE, opt_num+1);
+        return table;
+    }
+    else {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_param_keyword(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    const struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *kw = iseq->body->param.keyword;
+
+    if (kw) {
+        struct rb_iseq_param_keyword dump_kw = *kw;
+        int dv_num = kw->num - kw->required_num;
+        ID *ids = kw->num > 0 ? ALLOCA_N(ID, kw->num) : NULL;
+        VALUE *dvs = dv_num > 0 ? ALLOCA_N(VALUE, dv_num) : NULL;
+        int i;
+
+        for (i=0; i<kw->num; i++) ids[i] = (ID)ibf_dump_id(dump, kw->table[i]);
+        for (i=0; i<dv_num; i++) dvs[i] = (VALUE)ibf_dump_object(dump, kw->default_values[i]);
+
+        dump_kw.table = IBF_W(ids, ID, kw->num);
+        dump_kw.default_values = IBF_W(dvs, VALUE, dv_num);
+        IBF_W_ALIGN(struct rb_iseq_param_keyword);
+        return ibf_dump_write(dump, &dump_kw, sizeof(struct rb_iseq_param_keyword) * 1);
+    }
+    else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static const struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *
+ibf_load_param_keyword(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t param_keyword_offset)
+{
+    if (param_keyword_offset) {
+        struct rb_iseq_param_keyword *kw = IBF_R(param_keyword_offset, struct rb_iseq_param_keyword, 1);
+        ID *ids = IBF_R(kw->table, ID, kw->num);
+        int dv_num = kw->num - kw->required_num;
+        VALUE *dvs = IBF_R(kw->default_values, VALUE, dv_num);
+        int i;
+
+        for (i=0; i<kw->num; i++) {
+            ids[i] = ibf_load_id(load, ids[i]);
+        }
+        for (i=0; i<dv_num; i++) {
+            dvs[i] = ibf_load_object(load, dvs[i]);
+        }
+
+        kw->table = ids;
+        kw->default_values = dvs;
+        return kw;
+    }
+    else {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_insns_info_body(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+    const struct iseq_insn_info_entry *entries = iseq->body->insns_info.body;
+
+    unsigned int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < iseq->body->insns_info.size; i++) {
+        ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, entries[i].line_no);
+        ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, entries[i].events);
+    }
+
+    return offset;
+}
+
+static struct iseq_insn_info_entry *
+ibf_load_insns_info_body(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t body_offset, unsigned int size)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t reading_pos = body_offset;
+    struct iseq_insn_info_entry *entries = ALLOC_N(struct iseq_insn_info_entry, size);
+
+    unsigned int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        entries[i].line_no = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+        entries[i].events = (rb_event_flag_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    }
+
+    return entries;
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_insns_info_positions(struct ibf_dump *dump, const unsigned int *positions, unsigned int size)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    unsigned int last = 0;
+    unsigned int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, positions[i] - last);
+        last = positions[i];
+    }
+
+    return offset;
+}
+
+static unsigned int *
+ibf_load_insns_info_positions(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t positions_offset, unsigned int size)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t reading_pos = positions_offset;
+    unsigned int *positions = ALLOC_N(unsigned int, size);
+
+    unsigned int last = 0;
+    unsigned int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        positions[i] = last + (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+        last = positions[i];
+    }
+
+    return positions;
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_local_table(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+    const int size = body->local_table_size;
+    ID *table = ALLOCA_N(ID, size);
+    int i;
+
+    for (i=0; i<size; i++) {
+        table[i] = ibf_dump_id(dump, body->local_table[i]);
+    }
+
+    IBF_W_ALIGN(ID);
+    return ibf_dump_write(dump, table, sizeof(ID) * size);
+}
+
+static ID *
+ibf_load_local_table(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t local_table_offset, int size)
+{
+    if (size > 0) {
+        ID *table = IBF_R(local_table_offset, ID, size);
+        int i;
+
+        for (i=0; i<size; i++) {
+            table[i] = ibf_load_id(load, table[i]);
+        }
+        return table;
+    }
+    else {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_catch_table(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    const struct iseq_catch_table *table = iseq->body->catch_table;
+
+    if (table) {
+        int *iseq_indices = ALLOCA_N(int, table->size);
+        unsigned int i;
+
+        for (i=0; i<table->size; i++) {
+            iseq_indices[i] = ibf_dump_iseq(dump, table->entries[i].iseq);
+        }
+
+        const ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+        for (i=0; i<table->size; i++) {
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, iseq_indices[i]);
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, table->entries[i].type);
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, table->entries[i].start);
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, table->entries[i].end);
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, table->entries[i].cont);
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, table->entries[i].sp);
+        }
+        return offset;
+    }
+    else {
+        return ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+    }
+}
+
+static struct iseq_catch_table *
+ibf_load_catch_table(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t catch_table_offset, unsigned int size)
+{
+    if (size) {
+        struct iseq_catch_table *table = ruby_xmalloc(iseq_catch_table_bytes(size));
+        table->size = size;
+
+        ibf_offset_t reading_pos = catch_table_offset;
+
+        unsigned int i;
+        for (i=0; i<table->size; i++) {
+            int iseq_index = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+            table->entries[i].type = (enum catch_type)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+            table->entries[i].start = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+            table->entries[i].end = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+            table->entries[i].cont = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+            table->entries[i].sp = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+
+            table->entries[i].iseq = ibf_load_iseq(load, (const rb_iseq_t *)(VALUE)iseq_index);
+        }
+        return table;
+    }
+    else {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_ci_entries(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *const body = iseq->body;
+    const unsigned int ci_size = body->ci_size;
+    const struct rb_call_data *cds = body->call_data;
+
+    ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    unsigned int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < ci_size; i++) {
+        const struct rb_callinfo *ci = cds[i].ci;
+        if (ci != NULL) {
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, ibf_dump_id(dump, vm_ci_mid(ci)));
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, vm_ci_flag(ci));
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, vm_ci_argc(ci));
+
+            const struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *kwarg = vm_ci_kwarg(ci);
+            if (kwarg) {
+                int len = kwarg->keyword_len;
+                ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, len);
+                for (int j=0; j<len; j++) {
+                    VALUE keyword = ibf_dump_object(dump, kwarg->keywords[j]);
+                    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, keyword);
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, 0);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            // TODO: truncate NULL ci from call_data.
+            ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, (VALUE)-1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return offset;
+}
+
+static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
+dump_outer_variable(ID id, VALUE val, void *dump)
+{
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, ibf_dump_id(dump, id));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, val);
+
+    return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_outer_variables(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    struct rb_id_table * ovs = iseq->body->outer_variables;
+
+    ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    if (ovs) {
+        ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, (VALUE)rb_id_table_size(ovs));
+        rb_id_table_foreach(ovs, dump_outer_variable, (void *)dump);
+    }
+    else {
+        ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, (VALUE)0);
+    }
+
+    return offset;
+}
+
+/* note that we dump out rb_call_info but load back rb_call_data */
+static void
+ibf_load_ci_entries(const struct ibf_load *load,
+                    ibf_offset_t ci_entries_offset,
+                    unsigned int ci_size,
+                    struct rb_call_data **cd_ptr)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t reading_pos = ci_entries_offset;
+
+    unsigned int i;
+
+    struct rb_call_data *cds = ZALLOC_N(struct rb_call_data, ci_size);
+    *cd_ptr = cds;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < ci_size; i++) {
+        VALUE mid_index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+        if (mid_index != (VALUE)-1) {
+            ID mid = ibf_load_id(load, mid_index);
+            unsigned int flag = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+            unsigned int argc = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+
+            struct rb_callinfo_kwarg *kwarg = NULL;
+            int kwlen = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+            if (kwlen > 0) {
+                kwarg = rb_xmalloc_mul_add(kwlen, sizeof(VALUE), sizeof(struct rb_callinfo_kwarg));
+                kwarg->keyword_len = kwlen;
+                for (int j=0; j<kwlen; j++) {
+                    VALUE keyword = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+                    kwarg->keywords[j] = ibf_load_object(load, keyword);
+                }
+            }
+
+            cds[i].ci = vm_ci_new(mid, flag, argc, kwarg);
+            RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(load->iseq, Qundef, cds[i].ci);
+            cds[i].cc = vm_cc_empty();
+        }
+        else {
+            // NULL ci
+            cds[i].ci = NULL;
+            cds[i].cc = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static struct rb_id_table *
+ibf_load_outer_variables(const struct ibf_load * load, ibf_offset_t outer_variables_offset)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t reading_pos = outer_variables_offset;
+
+    struct rb_id_table *tbl = NULL;
+
+    size_t table_size = (size_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+
+    if (table_size > 0) {
+        tbl = rb_id_table_create(table_size);
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < table_size; i++) {
+        ID key = ibf_load_id(load, (ID)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+        VALUE value = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+        rb_id_table_insert(tbl, key, value);
+    }
+
+    return tbl;
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_iseq_each(struct ibf_dump *dump, const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    assert(dump->current_buffer == &dump->global_buffer);
+
+    unsigned int *positions;
+
+    const struct rb_iseq_constant_body *body = iseq->body;
+
+    const VALUE location_pathobj_index = ibf_dump_object(dump, body->location.pathobj); /* TODO: freeze */
+    const VALUE location_base_label_index = ibf_dump_object(dump, body->location.base_label);
+    const VALUE location_label_index = ibf_dump_object(dump, body->location.label);
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
+    ibf_offset_t iseq_start = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    struct ibf_dump_buffer *saved_buffer = dump->current_buffer;
+    struct ibf_dump_buffer buffer;
+    buffer.str = rb_str_new(0, 0);
+    buffer.obj_table = ibf_dump_object_table_new();
+    dump->current_buffer = &buffer;
+#endif
+
+    const ibf_offset_t bytecode_offset =        ibf_dump_code(dump, iseq);
+    const ibf_offset_t bytecode_size =          ibf_dump_pos(dump) - bytecode_offset;
+    const ibf_offset_t param_opt_table_offset = ibf_dump_param_opt_table(dump, iseq);
+    const ibf_offset_t param_keyword_offset =   ibf_dump_param_keyword(dump, iseq);
+    const ibf_offset_t insns_info_body_offset = ibf_dump_insns_info_body(dump, iseq);
+
+    positions = rb_iseq_insns_info_decode_positions(iseq->body);
+    const ibf_offset_t insns_info_positions_offset = ibf_dump_insns_info_positions(dump, positions, body->insns_info.size);
+    ruby_xfree(positions);
+
+    const ibf_offset_t local_table_offset = ibf_dump_local_table(dump, iseq);
+    const unsigned int catch_table_size =   body->catch_table ? body->catch_table->size : 0;
+    const ibf_offset_t catch_table_offset = ibf_dump_catch_table(dump, iseq);
+    const int parent_iseq_index =           ibf_dump_iseq(dump, iseq->body->parent_iseq);
+    const int local_iseq_index =            ibf_dump_iseq(dump, iseq->body->local_iseq);
+    const ibf_offset_t ci_entries_offset =  ibf_dump_ci_entries(dump, iseq);
+    const ibf_offset_t outer_variables_offset = ibf_dump_outer_variables(dump, iseq);
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
+    ibf_offset_t local_obj_list_offset;
+    unsigned int local_obj_list_size;
+
+    ibf_dump_object_list(dump, &local_obj_list_offset, &local_obj_list_size);
+#endif
+
+    ibf_offset_t body_offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    /* dump the constant body */
+    unsigned int param_flags =
+        (body->param.flags.has_lead         << 0) |
+        (body->param.flags.has_opt          << 1) |
+        (body->param.flags.has_rest         << 2) |
+        (body->param.flags.has_post         << 3) |
+        (body->param.flags.has_kw           << 4) |
+        (body->param.flags.has_kwrest       << 5) |
+        (body->param.flags.has_block        << 6) |
+        (body->param.flags.ambiguous_param0 << 7) |
+        (body->param.flags.accepts_no_kwarg << 8) |
+        (body->param.flags.ruby2_keywords   << 9);
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
+#  define IBF_BODY_OFFSET(x) (x)
+#else
+#  define IBF_BODY_OFFSET(x) (body_offset - (x))
+#endif
+
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->type);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->iseq_size);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(bytecode_offset));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, bytecode_size);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, param_flags);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->param.size);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->param.lead_num);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->param.opt_num);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->param.rest_start);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->param.post_start);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->param.post_num);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->param.block_start);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(param_opt_table_offset));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, param_keyword_offset);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, location_pathobj_index);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, location_base_label_index);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, location_label_index);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->location.first_lineno);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->location.node_id);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->location.code_location.beg_pos.lineno);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->location.code_location.beg_pos.column);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->location.code_location.end_pos.lineno);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->location.code_location.end_pos.column);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(insns_info_body_offset));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(insns_info_positions_offset));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->insns_info.size);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(local_table_offset));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, catch_table_size);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(catch_table_offset));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, parent_iseq_index);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, local_iseq_index);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ci_entries_offset));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, IBF_BODY_OFFSET(outer_variables_offset));
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->variable.flip_count);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->local_table_size);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->is_size);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->ci_size);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->stack_max);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->catch_except_p);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body->builtin_inline_p);
+
+#undef IBF_BODY_OFFSET
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
+    ibf_offset_t iseq_length_bytes = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    dump->current_buffer = saved_buffer;
+    ibf_dump_write(dump, RSTRING_PTR(buffer.str), iseq_length_bytes);
+
+    ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, iseq_start);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, iseq_length_bytes);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, body_offset);
+
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, local_obj_list_offset);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, local_obj_list_size);
+
+    st_free_table(buffer.obj_table); // TODO: this leaks in case of exception
+
+    return offset;
+#else
+    return body_offset;
+#endif
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_location_str(const struct ibf_load *load, VALUE str_index)
+{
+    VALUE str = ibf_load_object(load, str_index);
+    if (str != Qnil) {
+        str = rb_fstring(str);
+    }
+    return str;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_load_iseq_each(struct ibf_load *load, rb_iseq_t *iseq, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    struct rb_iseq_constant_body *load_body = iseq->body = rb_iseq_constant_body_alloc();
+
+    ibf_offset_t reading_pos = offset;
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
+    struct ibf_load_buffer *saved_buffer = load->current_buffer;
+    load->current_buffer = &load->global_buffer;
+
+    const ibf_offset_t iseq_start = (ibf_offset_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const ibf_offset_t iseq_length_bytes = (ibf_offset_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const ibf_offset_t body_offset = (ibf_offset_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+
+    struct ibf_load_buffer buffer;
+    buffer.buff = load->global_buffer.buff + iseq_start;
+    buffer.size = iseq_length_bytes;
+    buffer.obj_list_offset = (ibf_offset_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    buffer.obj_list_size = (ibf_offset_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    buffer.obj_list = pinned_list_new(buffer.obj_list_size);
+
+    load->current_buffer = &buffer;
+    reading_pos = body_offset;
+#endif
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
+#  define IBF_BODY_OFFSET(x) (x)
+#else
+#  define IBF_BODY_OFFSET(x) (offset - (x))
+#endif
+
+    const unsigned int type = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const unsigned int iseq_size = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const ibf_offset_t bytecode_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+    const ibf_offset_t bytecode_size = (ibf_offset_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const unsigned int param_flags = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const unsigned int param_size = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int param_lead_num = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int param_opt_num = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int param_rest_start = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int param_post_start = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int param_post_num = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int param_block_start = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const ibf_offset_t param_opt_table_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+    const ibf_offset_t param_keyword_offset = (ibf_offset_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const VALUE location_pathobj_index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const VALUE location_base_label_index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const VALUE location_label_index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const VALUE location_first_lineno = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int location_node_id = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int location_code_location_beg_pos_lineno = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int location_code_location_beg_pos_column = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int location_code_location_end_pos_lineno = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int location_code_location_end_pos_column = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const ibf_offset_t insns_info_body_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+    const ibf_offset_t insns_info_positions_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+    const unsigned int insns_info_size = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const ibf_offset_t local_table_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+    const unsigned int catch_table_size = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const ibf_offset_t catch_table_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+    const int parent_iseq_index = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const int local_iseq_index = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const ibf_offset_t ci_entries_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+    const ibf_offset_t outer_variables_offset = (ibf_offset_t)IBF_BODY_OFFSET(ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos));
+    const rb_snum_t variable_flip_count = (rb_snum_t)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const unsigned int local_table_size = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const unsigned int is_size = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const unsigned int ci_size = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const unsigned int stack_max = (unsigned int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const char catch_except_p = (char)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const bool builtin_inline_p = (bool)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+
+#undef IBF_BODY_OFFSET
+
+    load_body->type = type;
+    load_body->stack_max = stack_max;
+    load_body->param.flags.has_lead = (param_flags >> 0) & 1;
+    load_body->param.flags.has_opt = (param_flags >> 1) & 1;
+    load_body->param.flags.has_rest = (param_flags >> 2) & 1;
+    load_body->param.flags.has_post = (param_flags >> 3) & 1;
+    load_body->param.flags.has_kw = FALSE;
+    load_body->param.flags.has_kwrest = (param_flags >> 5) & 1;
+    load_body->param.flags.has_block = (param_flags >> 6) & 1;
+    load_body->param.flags.ambiguous_param0 = (param_flags >> 7) & 1;
+    load_body->param.flags.accepts_no_kwarg = (param_flags >> 8) & 1;
+    load_body->param.flags.ruby2_keywords = (param_flags >> 9) & 1;
+    load_body->param.size = param_size;
+    load_body->param.lead_num = param_lead_num;
+    load_body->param.opt_num = param_opt_num;
+    load_body->param.rest_start = param_rest_start;
+    load_body->param.post_start = param_post_start;
+    load_body->param.post_num = param_post_num;
+    load_body->param.block_start = param_block_start;
+    load_body->local_table_size = local_table_size;
+    load_body->is_size = is_size;
+    load_body->ci_size = ci_size;
+    load_body->insns_info.size = insns_info_size;
+
+    ISEQ_COVERAGE_SET(iseq, Qnil);
+    ISEQ_ORIGINAL_ISEQ_CLEAR(iseq);
+    iseq->body->variable.flip_count = variable_flip_count;
+
+    load_body->location.first_lineno = location_first_lineno;
+    load_body->location.node_id = location_node_id;
+    load_body->location.code_location.beg_pos.lineno = location_code_location_beg_pos_lineno;
+    load_body->location.code_location.beg_pos.column = location_code_location_beg_pos_column;
+    load_body->location.code_location.end_pos.lineno = location_code_location_end_pos_lineno;
+    load_body->location.code_location.end_pos.column = location_code_location_end_pos_column;
+    load_body->catch_except_p = catch_except_p;
+    load_body->builtin_inline_p = builtin_inline_p;
+
+    load_body->is_entries           = ZALLOC_N(union iseq_inline_storage_entry, is_size);
+                                      ibf_load_ci_entries(load, ci_entries_offset, ci_size, &load_body->call_data);
+    load_body->outer_variables      = ibf_load_outer_variables(load, outer_variables_offset);
+    load_body->param.opt_table      = ibf_load_param_opt_table(load, param_opt_table_offset, param_opt_num);
+    load_body->param.keyword        = ibf_load_param_keyword(load, param_keyword_offset);
+    load_body->param.flags.has_kw   = (param_flags >> 4) & 1;
+    load_body->insns_info.body      = ibf_load_insns_info_body(load, insns_info_body_offset, insns_info_size);
+    load_body->insns_info.positions = ibf_load_insns_info_positions(load, insns_info_positions_offset, insns_info_size);
+    load_body->local_table          = ibf_load_local_table(load, local_table_offset, local_table_size);
+    load_body->catch_table          = ibf_load_catch_table(load, catch_table_offset, catch_table_size);
+    load_body->parent_iseq          = ibf_load_iseq(load, (const rb_iseq_t *)(VALUE)parent_iseq_index);
+    load_body->local_iseq           = ibf_load_iseq(load, (const rb_iseq_t *)(VALUE)local_iseq_index);
+
+    ibf_load_code(load, iseq, bytecode_offset, bytecode_size, iseq_size);
+#if VM_INSN_INFO_TABLE_IMPL == 2
+    rb_iseq_insns_info_encode_positions(iseq);
+#endif
+
+    rb_iseq_translate_threaded_code(iseq);
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
+    load->current_buffer = &load->global_buffer;
+#endif
+
+    {
+        VALUE realpath = Qnil, path = ibf_load_object(load, location_pathobj_index);
+        if (RB_TYPE_P(path, T_STRING)) {
+            realpath = path = rb_fstring(path);
+        }
+        else if (RB_TYPE_P(path, T_ARRAY)) {
+            VALUE pathobj = path;
+            if (RARRAY_LEN(pathobj) != 2) {
+                rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "path object size mismatch");
+            }
+            path = rb_fstring(RARRAY_AREF(pathobj, 0));
+            realpath = RARRAY_AREF(pathobj, 1);
+            if (!NIL_P(realpath)) {
+                if (!RB_TYPE_P(realpath, T_STRING)) {
+                    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unexpected realpath %"PRIxVALUE
+                             "(%x), path=%+"PRIsVALUE,
+                             realpath, TYPE(realpath), path);
+                }
+                realpath = rb_fstring(realpath);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "unexpected path object");
+        }
+        rb_iseq_pathobj_set(iseq, path, realpath);
+    }
+
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &load_body->location.base_label,    ibf_load_location_str(load, location_base_label_index));
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(iseq, &load_body->location.label,         ibf_load_location_str(load, location_label_index));
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_ENABLE_LOCAL_BUFFER
+    load->current_buffer = saved_buffer;
+#endif
+    verify_call_cache(iseq);
+}
+
+struct ibf_dump_iseq_list_arg
+{
+    struct ibf_dump *dump;
+    VALUE offset_list;
+};
+
+static int
+ibf_dump_iseq_list_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t ptr)
+{
+    const rb_iseq_t *iseq = (const rb_iseq_t *)key;
+    struct ibf_dump_iseq_list_arg *args = (struct ibf_dump_iseq_list_arg *)ptr;
+
+    ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_dump_iseq_each(args->dump, iseq);
+    rb_ary_push(args->offset_list, UINT2NUM(offset));
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_iseq_list(struct ibf_dump *dump, struct ibf_header *header)
+{
+    VALUE offset_list = rb_ary_tmp_new(dump->iseq_table->num_entries);
+
+    struct ibf_dump_iseq_list_arg args;
+    args.dump = dump;
+    args.offset_list = offset_list;
+
+    st_foreach(dump->iseq_table, ibf_dump_iseq_list_i, (st_data_t)&args);
+
+    st_index_t i;
+    st_index_t size = dump->iseq_table->num_entries;
+    ibf_offset_t *offsets = ALLOCA_N(ibf_offset_t, size);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        offsets[i] = NUM2UINT(RARRAY_AREF(offset_list, i));
+    }
+
+    ibf_dump_align(dump, sizeof(ibf_offset_t));
+    header->iseq_list_offset = ibf_dump_write(dump, offsets, sizeof(ibf_offset_t) * size);
+    header->iseq_list_size = (unsigned int)size;
+}
+
+#define IBF_OBJECT_INTERNAL FL_PROMOTED0
+
+/*
+ * Binary format
+ * - ibf_object_header
+ * - ibf_object_xxx (xxx is type)
+ */
+
+struct ibf_object_header {
+    unsigned int type: 5;
+    unsigned int special_const: 1;
+    unsigned int frozen: 1;
+    unsigned int internal: 1;
+};
+
+enum ibf_object_class_index {
+    IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_OBJECT,
+    IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY,
+    IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_STANDARD_ERROR,
+    IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_NO_MATCHING_PATTERN_ERROR,
+    IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_TYPE_ERROR,
+};
+
+struct ibf_object_regexp {
+    long srcstr;
+    char option;
+};
+
+struct ibf_object_hash {
+    long len;
+    long keyval[FLEX_ARY_LEN];
+};
+
+struct ibf_object_struct_range {
+    long class_index;
+    long len;
+    long beg;
+    long end;
+    int excl;
+};
+
+struct ibf_object_bignum {
+    ssize_t slen;
+    BDIGIT digits[FLEX_ARY_LEN];
+};
+
+enum ibf_object_data_type {
+    IBF_OBJECT_DATA_ENCODING,
+};
+
+struct ibf_object_complex_rational {
+    long a, b;
+};
+
+struct ibf_object_symbol {
+    long str;
+};
+
+#define IBF_ALIGNED_OFFSET(align, offset) /* offset > 0 */ \
+    ((((offset) - 1) / (align) + 1) * (align))
+#define IBF_OBJBODY(type, offset) (const type *)\
+    ibf_load_check_offset(load, IBF_ALIGNED_OFFSET(RUBY_ALIGNOF(type), offset))
+
+static const void *
+ibf_load_check_offset(const struct ibf_load *load, size_t offset)
+{
+    if (offset >= load->current_buffer->size) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "object offset out of range: %"PRIdSIZE, offset);
+    }
+    return load->current_buffer->buff + offset;
+}
+
+NORETURN(static void ibf_dump_object_unsupported(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj));
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_unsupported(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    char buff[0x100];
+    rb_raw_obj_info(buff, sizeof(buff), obj);
+    rb_raise(rb_eNotImpError, "ibf_dump_object_unsupported: %s", buff);
+}
+
+NORETURN(static VALUE ibf_load_object_unsupported(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset));
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_unsupported(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unsupported");
+    UNREACHABLE_RETURN(Qnil);
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_class(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    enum ibf_object_class_index cindex;
+    if (obj == rb_cObject) {
+        cindex = IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_OBJECT;
+    }
+    else if (obj == rb_cArray) {
+        cindex = IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY;
+    }
+    else if (obj == rb_eStandardError) {
+        cindex = IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_STANDARD_ERROR;
+    }
+    else if (obj == rb_eNoMatchingPatternError) {
+        cindex = IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_NO_MATCHING_PATTERN_ERROR;
+    }
+    else if (obj == rb_eTypeError) {
+        cindex = IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_TYPE_ERROR;
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_obj_info_dump(obj);
+        rb_p(obj);
+        rb_bug("unsupported class");
+    }
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, (VALUE)cindex);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_class(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    enum ibf_object_class_index cindex = (enum ibf_object_class_index)ibf_load_small_value(load, &offset);
+
+    switch (cindex) {
+      case IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_OBJECT:
+	return rb_cObject;
+      case IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_ARRAY:
+	return rb_cArray;
+      case IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_STANDARD_ERROR:
+	return rb_eStandardError;
+      case IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_NO_MATCHING_PATTERN_ERROR:
+        return rb_eNoMatchingPatternError;
+      case IBF_OBJECT_CLASS_TYPE_ERROR:
+        return rb_eTypeError;
+    }
+
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "ibf_load_object_class: unknown class (%d)", (int)cindex);
+}
+
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_float(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    double dbl = RFLOAT_VALUE(obj);
+    (void)IBF_W(&dbl, double, 1);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_float(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    const double *dblp = IBF_OBJBODY(double, offset);
+    return DBL2NUM(*dblp);
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_string(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    long encindex = (long)rb_enc_get_index(obj);
+    long len = RSTRING_LEN(obj);
+    const char *ptr = RSTRING_PTR(obj);
+
+    if (encindex > RUBY_ENCINDEX_BUILTIN_MAX) {
+        rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_from_index((int)encindex);
+        const char *enc_name = rb_enc_name(enc);
+        encindex = RUBY_ENCINDEX_BUILTIN_MAX + ibf_dump_object(dump, rb_str_new2(enc_name));
+    }
+
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, encindex);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, len);
+    IBF_WP(ptr, char, len);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_string(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t reading_pos = offset;
+
+    int encindex = (int)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const long len = (long)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+    const char *ptr = load->current_buffer->buff + reading_pos;
+
+    VALUE str = rb_str_new(ptr, len);
+
+    if (encindex > RUBY_ENCINDEX_BUILTIN_MAX) {
+        VALUE enc_name_str = ibf_load_object(load, encindex - RUBY_ENCINDEX_BUILTIN_MAX);
+        encindex = rb_enc_find_index(RSTRING_PTR(enc_name_str));
+    }
+    rb_enc_associate_index(str, encindex);
+
+    if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(str);
+    if (header->frozen)   str = rb_fstring(str);
+
+    return str;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_regexp(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    VALUE srcstr = RREGEXP_SRC(obj);
+    struct ibf_object_regexp regexp;
+    regexp.option = (char)rb_reg_options(obj);
+    regexp.srcstr = (long)ibf_dump_object(dump, srcstr);
+
+    ibf_dump_write_byte(dump, (unsigned char)regexp.option);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, regexp.srcstr);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_regexp(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    struct ibf_object_regexp regexp;
+    regexp.option = ibf_load_byte(load, &offset);
+    regexp.srcstr = ibf_load_small_value(load, &offset);
+
+    VALUE srcstr = ibf_load_object(load, regexp.srcstr);
+    VALUE reg = rb_reg_compile(srcstr, (int)regexp.option, NULL, 0);
+
+    if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(reg);
+    if (header->frozen)   rb_obj_freeze(reg);
+
+    return reg;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_array(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    long i, len = RARRAY_LEN(obj);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, len);
+    for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
+        long index = (long)ibf_dump_object(dump, RARRAY_AREF(obj, i));
+        ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, index);
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_array(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    ibf_offset_t reading_pos = offset;
+
+    const long len = (long)ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+
+    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new_capa(len);
+    int i;
+
+    for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
+        const VALUE index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, ibf_load_object(load, index));
+    }
+
+    if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(ary);
+    if (header->frozen)   rb_obj_freeze(ary);
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
+static int
+ibf_dump_object_hash_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t ptr)
+{
+    struct ibf_dump *dump = (struct ibf_dump *)ptr;
+
+    VALUE key_index = ibf_dump_object(dump, (VALUE)key);
+    VALUE val_index = ibf_dump_object(dump, (VALUE)val);
+
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, key_index);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, val_index);
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_hash(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    long len = RHASH_SIZE(obj);
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, (VALUE)len);
+
+    if (len > 0) rb_hash_foreach(obj, ibf_dump_object_hash_i, (VALUE)dump);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_hash(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    long len = (long)ibf_load_small_value(load, &offset);
+    VALUE obj = rb_hash_new_with_size(len);
+    int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        VALUE key_index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &offset);
+        VALUE val_index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &offset);
+
+        VALUE key = ibf_load_object(load, key_index);
+        VALUE val = ibf_load_object(load, val_index);
+        rb_hash_aset(obj, key, val);
+    }
+    rb_hash_rehash(obj);
+
+    if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(obj);
+    if (header->frozen)   rb_obj_freeze(obj);
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_struct(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj, rb_cRange)) {
+        struct ibf_object_struct_range range;
+        VALUE beg, end;
+        IBF_ZERO(range);
+        range.len = 3;
+        range.class_index = 0;
+
+        rb_range_values(obj, &beg, &end, &range.excl);
+        range.beg = (long)ibf_dump_object(dump, beg);
+        range.end = (long)ibf_dump_object(dump, end);
+
+        IBF_W_ALIGN(struct ibf_object_struct_range);
+        IBF_WV(range);
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eNotImpError, "ibf_dump_object_struct: unsupported class %"PRIsVALUE,
+                 rb_class_name(CLASS_OF(obj)));
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_struct(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    const struct ibf_object_struct_range *range = IBF_OBJBODY(struct ibf_object_struct_range, offset);
+    VALUE beg = ibf_load_object(load, range->beg);
+    VALUE end = ibf_load_object(load, range->end);
+    VALUE obj = rb_range_new(beg, end, range->excl);
+    if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(obj);
+    if (header->frozen)   rb_obj_freeze(obj);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_bignum(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    ssize_t len = BIGNUM_LEN(obj);
+    ssize_t slen = BIGNUM_SIGN(obj) > 0 ? len : len * -1;
+    BDIGIT *d = BIGNUM_DIGITS(obj);
+
+    (void)IBF_W(&slen, ssize_t, 1);
+    IBF_WP(d, BDIGIT, len);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_bignum(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    const struct ibf_object_bignum *bignum = IBF_OBJBODY(struct ibf_object_bignum, offset);
+    int sign = bignum->slen > 0;
+    ssize_t len = sign > 0 ? bignum->slen : -1 * bignum->slen;
+    VALUE obj = rb_integer_unpack(bignum->digits, len * 2, 2, 0,
+				  INTEGER_PACK_LITTLE_ENDIAN | (sign == 0 ? INTEGER_PACK_NEGATIVE : 0));
+    if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(obj);
+    if (header->frozen)   rb_obj_freeze(obj);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_data(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    if (rb_data_is_encoding(obj)) {
+        rb_encoding *enc = rb_to_encoding(obj);
+        const char *name = rb_enc_name(enc);
+        long len = strlen(name) + 1;
+        long data[2];
+        data[0] = IBF_OBJECT_DATA_ENCODING;
+        data[1] = len;
+        (void)IBF_W(data, long, 2);
+        IBF_WP(name, char, len);
+    }
+    else {
+        ibf_dump_object_unsupported(dump, obj);
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_data(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    const long *body = IBF_OBJBODY(long, offset);
+    const enum ibf_object_data_type type = (enum ibf_object_data_type)body[0];
+    /* const long len = body[1]; */
+    const char *data = (const char *)&body[2];
+
+    switch (type) {
+      case IBF_OBJECT_DATA_ENCODING:
+        {
+            VALUE encobj = rb_enc_from_encoding(rb_enc_find(data));
+            return encobj;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ibf_load_object_unsupported(load, header, offset);
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_complex_rational(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    long data[2];
+    data[0] = (long)ibf_dump_object(dump, RCOMPLEX(obj)->real);
+    data[1] = (long)ibf_dump_object(dump, RCOMPLEX(obj)->imag);
+
+    (void)IBF_W(data, long, 2);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_complex_rational(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    const struct ibf_object_complex_rational *nums = IBF_OBJBODY(struct ibf_object_complex_rational, offset);
+    VALUE a = ibf_load_object(load, nums->a);
+    VALUE b = ibf_load_object(load, nums->b);
+    VALUE obj = header->type == T_COMPLEX ?
+      rb_complex_new(a, b) : rb_rational_new(a, b);
+
+    if (header->internal) rb_obj_hide(obj);
+    if (header->frozen)   rb_obj_freeze(obj);
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_symbol(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    VALUE str = rb_sym2str(obj);
+    VALUE str_index = ibf_dump_object(dump, str);
+
+    ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, str_index);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object_symbol(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset)
+{
+    VALUE str_index = ibf_load_small_value(load, &offset);
+    VALUE str = ibf_load_object(load, str_index);
+    ID id = rb_intern_str(str);
+    return ID2SYM(id);
+}
+
+typedef void (*ibf_dump_object_function)(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj);
+static ibf_dump_object_function dump_object_functions[RUBY_T_MASK+1] = {
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_NONE */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_OBJECT */
+    ibf_dump_object_class,       /* T_CLASS */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_MODULE */
+    ibf_dump_object_float,       /* T_FLOAT */
+    ibf_dump_object_string,      /* T_STRING */
+    ibf_dump_object_regexp,      /* T_REGEXP */
+    ibf_dump_object_array,       /* T_ARRAY */
+    ibf_dump_object_hash,        /* T_HASH */
+    ibf_dump_object_struct,      /* T_STRUCT */
+    ibf_dump_object_bignum,      /* T_BIGNUM */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_FILE */
+    ibf_dump_object_data,        /* T_DATA */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_MATCH */
+    ibf_dump_object_complex_rational, /* T_COMPLEX */
+    ibf_dump_object_complex_rational, /* T_RATIONAL */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x10 */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x11 T_NIL */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x12 T_TRUE */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x13 T_FALSE */
+    ibf_dump_object_symbol,      /* 0x14 T_SYMBOL */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_FIXNUM */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_UNDEF */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x17 */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x18 */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x19 */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_IMEMO 0x1a */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_NODE 0x1b */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_ICLASS 0x1c */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* T_ZOMBIE 0x1d */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x1e */
+    ibf_dump_object_unsupported, /* 0x1f */
+};
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_object_header(struct ibf_dump *dump, const struct ibf_object_header header)
+{
+    unsigned char byte =
+        (header.type          << 0) |
+        (header.special_const << 5) |
+        (header.frozen        << 6) |
+        (header.internal      << 7);
+
+    IBF_WV(byte);
+}
+
+static struct ibf_object_header
+ibf_load_object_object_header(const struct ibf_load *load, ibf_offset_t *offset)
+{
+    unsigned char byte = ibf_load_byte(load, offset);
+
+    struct ibf_object_header header;
+    header.type          = (byte >> 0) & 0x1f;
+    header.special_const = (byte >> 5) & 0x01;
+    header.frozen        = (byte >> 6) & 0x01;
+    header.internal      = (byte >> 7) & 0x01;
+
+    return header;
+}
+
+static ibf_offset_t
+ibf_dump_object_object(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE obj)
+{
+    struct ibf_object_header obj_header;
+    ibf_offset_t current_offset;
+    IBF_ZERO(obj_header);
+    obj_header.type = TYPE(obj);
+
+    IBF_W_ALIGN(ibf_offset_t);
+    current_offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj) &&
+        ! (RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_SYMBOL) ||
+           RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_FLOAT))) {
+        obj_header.special_const = TRUE;
+        obj_header.frozen = TRUE;
+        obj_header.internal = TRUE;
+        ibf_dump_object_object_header(dump, obj_header);
+        ibf_dump_write_small_value(dump, obj);
+    }
+    else {
+        obj_header.internal = SPECIAL_CONST_P(obj) ? FALSE : (RBASIC_CLASS(obj) == 0) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+        obj_header.special_const = FALSE;
+        obj_header.frozen = FL_TEST(obj, FL_FREEZE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+        ibf_dump_object_object_header(dump, obj_header);
+        (*dump_object_functions[obj_header.type])(dump, obj);
+    }
+
+    return current_offset;
+}
+
+typedef VALUE (*ibf_load_object_function)(const struct ibf_load *load, const struct ibf_object_header *header, ibf_offset_t offset);
+static ibf_load_object_function load_object_functions[RUBY_T_MASK+1] = {
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_NONE */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_OBJECT */
+    ibf_load_object_class,       /* T_CLASS */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_MODULE */
+    ibf_load_object_float,       /* T_FLOAT */
+    ibf_load_object_string,      /* T_STRING */
+    ibf_load_object_regexp,      /* T_REGEXP */
+    ibf_load_object_array,       /* T_ARRAY */
+    ibf_load_object_hash,        /* T_HASH */
+    ibf_load_object_struct,      /* T_STRUCT */
+    ibf_load_object_bignum,      /* T_BIGNUM */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_FILE */
+    ibf_load_object_data,        /* T_DATA */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_MATCH */
+    ibf_load_object_complex_rational, /* T_COMPLEX */
+    ibf_load_object_complex_rational, /* T_RATIONAL */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* 0x10 */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_NIL */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_TRUE */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_FALSE */
+    ibf_load_object_symbol,
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_FIXNUM */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_UNDEF */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* 0x17 */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* 0x18 */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* 0x19 */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_IMEMO 0x1a */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_NODE 0x1b */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_ICLASS 0x1c */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* T_ZOMBIE 0x1d */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* 0x1e */
+    ibf_load_object_unsupported, /* 0x1f */
+};
+
+static VALUE
+ibf_load_object(const struct ibf_load *load, VALUE object_index)
+{
+    if (object_index == 0) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    else {
+        VALUE obj = pinned_list_fetch(load->current_buffer->obj_list, (long)object_index);
+        if (!obj) {
+            ibf_offset_t *offsets = (ibf_offset_t *)(load->current_buffer->obj_list_offset + load->current_buffer->buff);
+            ibf_offset_t offset = offsets[object_index];
+            const struct ibf_object_header header = ibf_load_object_object_header(load, &offset);
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+            fprintf(stderr, "ibf_load_object: list=%#x offsets=%p offset=%#x\n",
+                    load->current_buffer->obj_list_offset, (void *)offsets, offset);
+            fprintf(stderr, "ibf_load_object: type=%#x special=%d frozen=%d internal=%d\n",
+                    header.type, header.special_const, header.frozen, header.internal);
+#endif
+            if (offset >= load->current_buffer->size) {
+                rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "object offset out of range: %u", offset);
+            }
+
+            if (header.special_const) {
+                ibf_offset_t reading_pos = offset;
+
+                obj = ibf_load_small_value(load, &reading_pos);
+            }
+            else {
+                obj = (*load_object_functions[header.type])(load, &header, offset);
+            }
+
+            pinned_list_store(load->current_buffer->obj_list, (long)object_index, obj);
+        }
+#if IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+        fprintf(stderr, "ibf_load_object: index=%#"PRIxVALUE" obj=%#"PRIxVALUE"\n",
+                object_index, obj);
+#endif
+        return obj;
+    }
+}
+
+struct ibf_dump_object_list_arg
+{
+    struct ibf_dump *dump;
+    VALUE offset_list;
+};
+
+static int
+ibf_dump_object_list_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_data_t ptr)
+{
+    VALUE obj = (VALUE)key;
+    struct ibf_dump_object_list_arg *args = (struct ibf_dump_object_list_arg *)ptr;
+
+    ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_dump_object_object(args->dump, obj);
+    rb_ary_push(args->offset_list, UINT2NUM(offset));
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_object_list(struct ibf_dump *dump, ibf_offset_t *obj_list_offset, unsigned int *obj_list_size)
+{
+    st_table *obj_table = dump->current_buffer->obj_table;
+    VALUE offset_list = rb_ary_tmp_new(obj_table->num_entries);
+
+    struct ibf_dump_object_list_arg args;
+    args.dump = dump;
+    args.offset_list = offset_list;
+
+    st_foreach(obj_table, ibf_dump_object_list_i, (st_data_t)&args);
+
+    IBF_W_ALIGN(ibf_offset_t);
+    *obj_list_offset = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    st_index_t size = obj_table->num_entries;
+    st_index_t i;
+
+    for (i=0; i<size; i++) {
+        ibf_offset_t offset = NUM2UINT(RARRAY_AREF(offset_list, i));
+        IBF_WV(offset);
+    }
+
+    *obj_list_size = (unsigned int)size;
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_mark(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct ibf_dump *dump = (struct ibf_dump *)ptr;
+    rb_gc_mark(dump->global_buffer.str);
+
+    rb_mark_set(dump->global_buffer.obj_table);
+    rb_mark_set(dump->iseq_table);
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct ibf_dump *dump = (struct ibf_dump *)ptr;
+    if (dump->global_buffer.obj_table) {
+        st_free_table(dump->global_buffer.obj_table);
+        dump->global_buffer.obj_table = 0;
+    }
+    if (dump->iseq_table) {
+        st_free_table(dump->iseq_table);
+        dump->iseq_table = 0;
+    }
+    ruby_xfree(dump);
+}
+
+static size_t
+ibf_dump_memsize(const void *ptr)
+{
+    struct ibf_dump *dump = (struct ibf_dump *)ptr;
+    size_t size = sizeof(*dump);
+    if (dump->iseq_table) size += st_memsize(dump->iseq_table);
+    if (dump->global_buffer.obj_table) size += st_memsize(dump->global_buffer.obj_table);
+    return size;
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t ibf_dump_type = {
+    "ibf_dump",
+    {ibf_dump_mark, ibf_dump_free, ibf_dump_memsize,},
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+};
+
+static void
+ibf_dump_setup(struct ibf_dump *dump, VALUE dumper_obj)
+{
+    dump->global_buffer.obj_table = NULL; // GC may run before a value is assigned
+    dump->iseq_table = NULL;
+
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(dumper_obj, &dump->global_buffer.str, rb_str_new(0, 0));
+    dump->global_buffer.obj_table = ibf_dump_object_table_new();
+    dump->iseq_table = st_init_numtable(); /* need free */
+
+    dump->current_buffer = &dump->global_buffer;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_iseq_ibf_dump(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, VALUE opt)
+{
+    struct ibf_dump *dump;
+    struct ibf_header header = {{0}};
+    VALUE dump_obj;
+    VALUE str;
+
+    if (iseq->body->parent_iseq != NULL ||
+        iseq->body->local_iseq != iseq) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "should be top of iseq");
+    }
+    if (RTEST(ISEQ_COVERAGE(iseq))) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "should not compile with coverage");
+    }
+
+    dump_obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(0, struct ibf_dump, &ibf_dump_type, dump);
+    ibf_dump_setup(dump, dump_obj);
+
+    ibf_dump_write(dump, &header, sizeof(header));
+    ibf_dump_write(dump, RUBY_PLATFORM, strlen(RUBY_PLATFORM) + 1);
+    ibf_dump_iseq(dump, iseq);
+
+    header.magic[0] = 'Y'; /* YARB */
+    header.magic[1] = 'A';
+    header.magic[2] = 'R';
+    header.magic[3] = 'B';
+    header.major_version = IBF_MAJOR_VERSION;
+    header.minor_version = IBF_MINOR_VERSION;
+    ibf_dump_iseq_list(dump, &header);
+    ibf_dump_object_list(dump, &header.global_object_list_offset, &header.global_object_list_size);
+    header.size = ibf_dump_pos(dump);
+
+    if (RTEST(opt)) {
+        VALUE opt_str = opt;
+        const char *ptr = StringValuePtr(opt_str);
+        header.extra_size = RSTRING_LENINT(opt_str);
+        ibf_dump_write(dump, ptr, header.extra_size);
+    }
+    else {
+        header.extra_size = 0;
+    }
+
+    ibf_dump_overwrite(dump, &header, sizeof(header), 0);
+
+    str = dump->global_buffer.str;
+    ibf_dump_free(dump);
+    DATA_PTR(dump_obj) = NULL;
+    RB_GC_GUARD(dump_obj);
+    return str;
+}
+
+static const ibf_offset_t *
+ibf_iseq_list(const struct ibf_load *load)
+{
+    return (const ibf_offset_t *)(load->global_buffer.buff + load->header->iseq_list_offset);
+}
+
+void
+rb_ibf_load_iseq_complete(rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    struct ibf_load *load = RTYPEDDATA_DATA(iseq->aux.loader.obj);
+    rb_iseq_t *prev_src_iseq = load->iseq;
+    ibf_offset_t offset = ibf_iseq_list(load)[iseq->aux.loader.index];
+    load->iseq = iseq;
+#if IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+    fprintf(stderr, "rb_ibf_load_iseq_complete: index=%#x offset=%#x size=%#x\n",
+	    iseq->aux.loader.index, offset,
+	    load->header->size);
+#endif
+    ibf_load_iseq_each(load, iseq, offset);
+    ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA_CLEAR(iseq);
+    FL_UNSET((VALUE)iseq, ISEQ_NOT_LOADED_YET);
+    rb_iseq_init_trace(iseq);
+    load->iseq = prev_src_iseq;
+}
+
+#if USE_LAZY_LOAD
+MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED const rb_iseq_t *
+rb_iseq_complete(const rb_iseq_t *iseq)
+{
+    rb_ibf_load_iseq_complete((rb_iseq_t *)iseq);
+    return iseq;
+}
+#endif
+
+static rb_iseq_t *
+ibf_load_iseq(const struct ibf_load *load, const rb_iseq_t *index_iseq)
+{
+    int iseq_index = (int)(VALUE)index_iseq;
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+    fprintf(stderr, "ibf_load_iseq: index_iseq=%p iseq_list=%p\n",
+	    (void *)index_iseq, (void *)load->iseq_list);
+#endif
+    if (iseq_index == -1) {
+	return NULL;
+    }
+    else {
+	VALUE iseqv = pinned_list_fetch(load->iseq_list, iseq_index);
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+	fprintf(stderr, "ibf_load_iseq: iseqv=%p\n", (void *)iseqv);
+#endif
+	if (iseqv) {
+	    return (rb_iseq_t *)iseqv;
+	}
+	else {
+	    rb_iseq_t *iseq = iseq_imemo_alloc();
+#if IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+	    fprintf(stderr, "ibf_load_iseq: new iseq=%p\n", (void *)iseq);
+#endif
+	    FL_SET((VALUE)iseq, ISEQ_NOT_LOADED_YET);
+	    iseq->aux.loader.obj = load->loader_obj;
+	    iseq->aux.loader.index = iseq_index;
+#if IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+	    fprintf(stderr, "ibf_load_iseq: iseq=%p loader_obj=%p index=%d\n",
+		    (void *)iseq, (void *)load->loader_obj, iseq_index);
+#endif
+	    pinned_list_store(load->iseq_list, iseq_index, (VALUE)iseq);
+
+#if !USE_LAZY_LOAD
+#if IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+	    fprintf(stderr, "ibf_load_iseq: loading iseq=%p\n", (void *)iseq);
+#endif
+            rb_ibf_load_iseq_complete(iseq);
+#else
+            if (GET_VM()->builtin_function_table) {
+                rb_ibf_load_iseq_complete(iseq);
+            }
+#endif /* !USE_LAZY_LOAD */
+
+#if IBF_ISEQ_DEBUG
+	    fprintf(stderr, "ibf_load_iseq: iseq=%p loaded %p\n",
+		    (void *)iseq, (void *)load->iseq);
+#endif
+	    return iseq;
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_load_setup_bytes(struct ibf_load *load, VALUE loader_obj, const char *bytes, size_t size)
+{
+    load->loader_obj = loader_obj;
+    load->global_buffer.buff = bytes;
+    load->header = (struct ibf_header *)load->global_buffer.buff;
+    load->global_buffer.size = load->header->size;
+    load->global_buffer.obj_list_offset = load->header->global_object_list_offset;
+    load->global_buffer.obj_list_size = load->header->global_object_list_size;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(loader_obj, &load->iseq_list, pinned_list_new(load->header->iseq_list_size));
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(loader_obj, &load->global_buffer.obj_list, pinned_list_new(load->global_buffer.obj_list_size));
+    load->iseq = NULL;
+
+    load->current_buffer = &load->global_buffer;
+
+    if (size < load->header->size) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "broken binary format");
+    }
+    if (strncmp(load->header->magic, "YARB", 4) != 0) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "unknown binary format");
+    }
+    if (load->header->major_version != IBF_MAJOR_VERSION ||
+	load->header->minor_version != IBF_MINOR_VERSION) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "unmatched version file (%u.%u for %u.%u)",
+		 load->header->major_version, load->header->minor_version, IBF_MAJOR_VERSION, IBF_MINOR_VERSION);
+    }
+    if (strcmp(load->global_buffer.buff + sizeof(struct ibf_header), RUBY_PLATFORM) != 0) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "unmatched platform");
+    }
+    if (load->header->iseq_list_offset % RUBY_ALIGNOF(ibf_offset_t)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unaligned iseq list offset: %u",
+                 load->header->iseq_list_offset);
+    }
+    if (load->global_buffer.obj_list_offset % RUBY_ALIGNOF(ibf_offset_t)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unaligned object list offset: %u",
+                 load->global_buffer.obj_list_offset);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_load_setup(struct ibf_load *load, VALUE loader_obj, VALUE str)
+{
+    if (RSTRING_LENINT(str) < (int)sizeof(struct ibf_header)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "broken binary format");
+    }
+
+#if USE_LAZY_LOAD
+    str = rb_str_new(RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LEN(str));
+#endif
+
+    ibf_load_setup_bytes(load, loader_obj, StringValuePtr(str), RSTRING_LEN(str));
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(loader_obj, &load->str, str);
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_loader_mark(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct ibf_load *load = (struct ibf_load *)ptr;
+    rb_gc_mark(load->str);
+    rb_gc_mark(load->iseq_list);
+    rb_gc_mark(load->global_buffer.obj_list);
+}
+
+static void
+ibf_loader_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct ibf_load *load = (struct ibf_load *)ptr;
+    ruby_xfree(load);
+}
+
+static size_t
+ibf_loader_memsize(const void *ptr)
+{
+    return sizeof(struct ibf_load);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t ibf_load_type = {
+    "ibf_loader",
+    {ibf_loader_mark, ibf_loader_free, ibf_loader_memsize,},
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+};
+
+const rb_iseq_t *
+rb_iseq_ibf_load(VALUE str)
+{
+    struct ibf_load *load;
+    rb_iseq_t *iseq;
+    VALUE loader_obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(0, struct ibf_load, &ibf_load_type, load);
+
+    ibf_load_setup(load, loader_obj, str);
+    iseq = ibf_load_iseq(load, 0);
+
+    RB_GC_GUARD(loader_obj);
+    return iseq;
+}
+
+const rb_iseq_t *
+rb_iseq_ibf_load_bytes(const char *bytes, size_t size)
+{
+    struct ibf_load *load;
+    rb_iseq_t *iseq;
+    VALUE loader_obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(0, struct ibf_load, &ibf_load_type, load);
+
+    ibf_load_setup_bytes(load, loader_obj, bytes, size);
+    iseq = ibf_load_iseq(load, 0);
+
+    RB_GC_GUARD(loader_obj);
+    return iseq;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_iseq_ibf_load_extra_data(VALUE str)
 {
-    return GET_THREAD()->parse_in_eval < 0;
+    struct ibf_load *load;
+    VALUE loader_obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(0, struct ibf_load, &ibf_load_type, load);
+    VALUE extra_str;
+
+    ibf_load_setup(load, loader_obj, str);
+    extra_str = rb_str_new(load->global_buffer.buff + load->header->size, load->header->extra_size);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(loader_obj);
+    return extra_str;
 }
diff --git a/complex.c b/complex.c
index 5b1a5102a1..27c1f131e3 100644
--- a/complex.c
+++ b/complex.c
@@ -1,37 +1,63 @@
 /*
-  complex.c: Coded by Tadayoshi Funaba 2008-2011
+  complex.c: Coded by Tadayoshi Funaba 2008-2012
 
   This implementation is based on Keiju Ishitsuka's Complex library
   which is written in ruby.
 */
 
-#include "ruby.h"
-#include "internal.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
+
+#if defined _MSC_VER
+/* Microsoft Visual C does not define M_PI and others by default */
+# define _USE_MATH_DEFINES 1
+#endif
+
+#include <ctype.h>
 #include <math.h>
 
+#undef NDEBUG
 #define NDEBUG
-#include <assert.h>
+#include "id.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/array.h"
+#include "internal/class.h"
+#include "internal/complex.h"
+#include "internal/math.h"
+#include "internal/numeric.h"
+#include "internal/object.h"
+#include "internal/rational.h"
+#include "ruby_assert.h"
 
 #define ZERO INT2FIX(0)
 #define ONE INT2FIX(1)
 #define TWO INT2FIX(2)
+#if USE_FLONUM
+#define RFLOAT_0 DBL2NUM(0)
+#else
+static VALUE RFLOAT_0;
+#endif
+#if defined(HAVE_SIGNBIT) && defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__sun) && \
+    !defined(signbit)
+extern int signbit(double);
+#endif
 
 VALUE rb_cComplex;
 
-static ID id_abs, id_abs2, id_arg, id_cmp, id_conj, id_convert,
-    id_denominator, id_divmod, id_eqeq_p, id_expt, id_fdiv,  id_floor,
-    id_idiv, id_imag, id_inspect, id_negate, id_numerator, id_quo,
-    id_real, id_real_p, id_to_f, id_to_i, id_to_r, id_to_s;
+static ID id_abs, id_arg,
+    id_denominator, id_numerator,
+    id_real_p, id_i_real, id_i_imag,
+    id_finite_p, id_infinite_p, id_rationalize,
+    id_PI;
+#define id_to_i idTo_i
+#define id_to_r idTo_r
+#define id_negate idUMinus
+#define id_expt idPow
+#define id_to_f idTo_f
+#define id_quo idQuo
+#define id_fdiv idFdiv
 
 #define f_boolcast(x) ((x) ? Qtrue : Qfalse)
 
-#define binop(n,op) \
-inline static VALUE \
-f_##n(VALUE x, VALUE y)\
-{\
-    return rb_funcall(x, (op), 1, y);\
-}
-
 #define fun1(n) \
 inline static VALUE \
 f_##n(VALUE x)\
@@ -46,277 +72,338 @@ f_##n(VALUE x, VALUE y)\
     return rb_funcall(x, id_##n, 1, y);\
 }
 
-#define math1(n) \
-inline static VALUE \
-m_##n(VALUE x)\
-{\
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mMath, id_##n, 1, x);\
-}
-
-#define math2(n) \
-inline static VALUE \
-m_##n(VALUE x, VALUE y)\
-{\
-    return rb_funcall(rb_mMath, id_##n, 2, x, y);\
-}
-
 #define PRESERVE_SIGNEDZERO
 
 inline static VALUE
 f_add(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-#ifndef PRESERVE_SIGNEDZERO
-    if (FIXNUM_P(y) && FIX2LONG(y) == 0)
-	return x;
-    else if (FIXNUM_P(x) && FIX2LONG(x) == 0)
-	return y;
-#endif
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x) &&
+        LIKELY(rb_method_basic_definition_p(rb_cInteger, idPLUS))) {
+        if (FIXNUM_ZERO_P(x))
+            return y;
+        if (FIXNUM_ZERO_P(y))
+            return x;
+        return rb_int_plus(x, y);
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x) &&
+             LIKELY(rb_method_basic_definition_p(rb_cFloat, idPLUS))) {
+        if (FIXNUM_ZERO_P(y))
+            return x;
+        return rb_float_plus(x, y);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL) &&
+             LIKELY(rb_method_basic_definition_p(rb_cRational, idPLUS))) {
+        if (FIXNUM_ZERO_P(y))
+            return x;
+        return rb_rational_plus(x, y);
+    }
+
     return rb_funcall(x, '+', 1, y);
 }
 
 inline static VALUE
-f_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+f_div(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    if (FIXNUM_P(y) && FIX2LONG(y) == 1)
+	return x;
+    return rb_funcall(x, '/', 1, y);
+}
+
+inline static int
+f_gt_p(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        if (FIXNUM_P(x) && FIXNUM_P(y))
+            return (SIGNED_VALUE)x > (SIGNED_VALUE)y;
+        return RTEST(rb_int_gt(x, y));
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x))
+        return RTEST(rb_float_gt(x, y));
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        int const cmp = rb_cmpint(rb_rational_cmp(x, y), x, y);
+        return cmp > 0;
+    }
+    return RTEST(rb_funcall(x, '>', 1, y));
+}
+
+inline static VALUE
+f_mul(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    if (FIXNUM_P(x) && FIXNUM_P(y)) {
-	long c = FIX2LONG(x) - FIX2LONG(y);
-	if (c > 0)
-	    c = 1;
-	else if (c < 0)
-	    c = -1;
-	return INT2FIX(c);
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x) &&
+        LIKELY(rb_method_basic_definition_p(rb_cInteger, idMULT))) {
+        if (FIXNUM_ZERO_P(y))
+            return ZERO;
+        if (FIXNUM_ZERO_P(x) && RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(y))
+            return ZERO;
+        if (x == ONE) return y;
+        if (y == ONE) return x;
+        return rb_int_mul(x, y);
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x) &&
+             LIKELY(rb_method_basic_definition_p(rb_cFloat, idMULT))) {
+        if (y == ONE) return x;
+        return rb_float_mul(x, y);
     }
-    return rb_funcall(x, id_cmp, 1, y);
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL) &&
+             LIKELY(rb_method_basic_definition_p(rb_cRational, idMULT))) {
+        if (y == ONE) return x;
+        return rb_rational_mul(x, y);
+    }
+    else if (LIKELY(rb_method_basic_definition_p(CLASS_OF(x), idMULT))) {
+        if (y == ONE) return x;
+    }
+    return rb_funcall(x, '*', 1, y);
 }
 
 inline static VALUE
-f_div(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+f_sub(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    if (FIXNUM_P(y) && FIX2LONG(y) == 1)
+    if (FIXNUM_ZERO_P(y) &&
+        LIKELY(rb_method_basic_definition_p(CLASS_OF(x), idMINUS))) {
 	return x;
-    return rb_funcall(x, '/', 1, y);
+    }
+    return rb_funcall(x, '-', 1, y);
 }
 
 inline static VALUE
-f_gt_p(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+f_abs(VALUE x)
 {
-    if (FIXNUM_P(x) && FIXNUM_P(y))
-	return f_boolcast(FIX2LONG(x) > FIX2LONG(y));
-    return rb_funcall(x, '>', 1, y);
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return rb_int_abs(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return rb_float_abs(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        return rb_rational_abs(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX)) {
+        return rb_complex_abs(x);
+    }
+    return rb_funcall(x, id_abs, 0);
 }
 
+static VALUE numeric_arg(VALUE self);
+static VALUE float_arg(VALUE self);
+
 inline static VALUE
-f_lt_p(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+f_arg(VALUE x)
 {
-    if (FIXNUM_P(x) && FIXNUM_P(y))
-	return f_boolcast(FIX2LONG(x) < FIX2LONG(y));
-    return rb_funcall(x, '<', 1, y);
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return numeric_arg(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return float_arg(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        return numeric_arg(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX)) {
+        return rb_complex_arg(x);
+    }
+    return rb_funcall(x, id_arg, 0);
 }
 
-binop(mod, '%')
+inline static VALUE
+f_numerator(VALUE x)
+{
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        return RRATIONAL(x)->num;
+    }
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return rb_float_numerator(x);
+    }
+    return x;
+}
 
 inline static VALUE
-f_mul(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+f_denominator(VALUE x)
 {
-#ifndef PRESERVE_SIGNEDZERO
-    if (FIXNUM_P(y)) {
-	long iy = FIX2LONG(y);
-	if (iy == 0) {
-	    if (FIXNUM_P(x) || TYPE(x) == T_BIGNUM)
-		return ZERO;
-	}
-	else if (iy == 1)
-	    return x;
-    }
-    else if (FIXNUM_P(x)) {
-	long ix = FIX2LONG(x);
-	if (ix == 0) {
-	    if (FIXNUM_P(y) || TYPE(y) == T_BIGNUM)
-		return ZERO;
-	}
-	else if (ix == 1)
-	    return y;
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        return RRATIONAL(x)->den;
     }
-#endif
-    return rb_funcall(x, '*', 1, y);
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return rb_float_denominator(x);
+    }
+    return INT2FIX(1);
 }
 
 inline static VALUE
-f_sub(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+f_negate(VALUE x)
 {
-#ifndef PRESERVE_SIGNEDZERO
-    if (FIXNUM_P(y) && FIX2LONG(y) == 0)
-	return x;
-#endif
-    return rb_funcall(x, '-', 1, y);
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return rb_int_uminus(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return rb_float_uminus(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        return rb_rational_uminus(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX)) {
+        return rb_complex_uminus(x);
+    }
+    return rb_funcall(x, id_negate, 0);
 }
 
-fun1(abs)
-fun1(abs2)
-fun1(arg)
-fun1(conj)
-fun1(denominator)
-fun1(floor)
-fun1(imag)
-fun1(inspect)
-fun1(negate)
-fun1(numerator)
-fun1(real)
-fun1(real_p)
+static bool nucomp_real_p(VALUE self);
+
+static inline bool
+f_real_p(VALUE x)
+{
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX)) {
+        return nucomp_real_p(x);
+    }
+    return rb_funcall(x, id_real_p, 0);
+}
 
 inline static VALUE
 f_to_i(VALUE x)
 {
-    if (TYPE(x) == T_STRING)
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_STRING))
 	return rb_str_to_inum(x, 10, 0);
     return rb_funcall(x, id_to_i, 0);
 }
+
 inline static VALUE
 f_to_f(VALUE x)
 {
-    if (TYPE(x) == T_STRING)
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_STRING))
 	return DBL2NUM(rb_str_to_dbl(x, 0));
     return rb_funcall(x, id_to_f, 0);
 }
 
 fun1(to_r)
-fun1(to_s)
-
-fun2(divmod)
 
-inline static VALUE
+inline static int
 f_eqeq_p(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     if (FIXNUM_P(x) && FIXNUM_P(y))
-	return f_boolcast(FIX2LONG(x) == FIX2LONG(y));
-    return rb_funcall(x, id_eqeq_p, 1, y);
+	return x == y;
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x) || RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y))
+	return NUM2DBL(x) == NUM2DBL(y);
+    return (int)rb_equal(x, y);
 }
 
 fun2(expt)
 fun2(fdiv)
-fun2(idiv)
-fun2(quo)
 
-inline static VALUE
+static VALUE
+f_quo(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x))
+        return rb_numeric_quo(x, y);
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x))
+        return rb_float_div(x, y);
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL))
+        return rb_numeric_quo(x, y);
+
+    return rb_funcallv(x, id_quo, 1, &y);
+}
+
+inline static int
 f_negative_p(VALUE x)
 {
-    if (FIXNUM_P(x))
-	return f_boolcast(FIX2LONG(x) < 0);
-    return rb_funcall(x, '<', 1, ZERO);
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x))
+        return INT_NEGATIVE_P(x);
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x))
+        return RFLOAT_VALUE(x) < 0.0;
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL))
+        return INT_NEGATIVE_P(RRATIONAL(x)->num);
+    return rb_num_negative_p(x);
 }
 
 #define f_positive_p(x) (!f_negative_p(x))
 
-inline static VALUE
+inline static int
 f_zero_p(VALUE x)
 {
-    switch (TYPE(x)) {
-      case T_FIXNUM:
-	return f_boolcast(FIX2LONG(x) == 0);
-      case T_BIGNUM:
-	return Qfalse;
-      case T_RATIONAL:
-      {
-	  VALUE num = RRATIONAL(x)->num;
-
-	  return f_boolcast(FIXNUM_P(num) && FIX2LONG(num) == 0);
-      }
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return FLOAT_ZERO_P(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return FIXNUM_ZERO_P(x);
     }
-    return rb_funcall(x, id_eqeq_p, 1, ZERO);
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        const VALUE num = RRATIONAL(x)->num;
+        return FIXNUM_ZERO_P(num);
+    }
+    return (int)rb_equal(x, ZERO);
 }
 
 #define f_nonzero_p(x) (!f_zero_p(x))
 
-inline static VALUE
-f_one_p(VALUE x)
+VALUE rb_flo_is_finite_p(VALUE num);
+inline static int
+f_finite_p(VALUE x)
 {
-    switch (TYPE(x)) {
-      case T_FIXNUM:
-	return f_boolcast(FIX2LONG(x) == 1);
-      case T_BIGNUM:
-	return Qfalse;
-      case T_RATIONAL:
-      {
-	  VALUE num = RRATIONAL(x)->num;
-	  VALUE den = RRATIONAL(x)->den;
-
-	  return f_boolcast(FIXNUM_P(num) && FIX2LONG(num) == 1 &&
-			    FIXNUM_P(den) && FIX2LONG(den) == 1);
-      }
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return TRUE;
     }
-    return rb_funcall(x, id_eqeq_p, 1, ONE);
-}
-
-inline static VALUE
-f_kind_of_p(VALUE x, VALUE c)
-{
-    return rb_obj_is_kind_of(x, c);
-}
-
-inline static VALUE
-k_numeric_p(VALUE x)
-{
-    return f_kind_of_p(x, rb_cNumeric);
-}
-
-inline static VALUE
-k_integer_p(VALUE x)
-{
-    return f_kind_of_p(x, rb_cInteger);
-}
-
-inline static VALUE
-k_fixnum_p(VALUE x)
-{
-    return f_kind_of_p(x, rb_cFixnum);
-}
-
-inline static VALUE
-k_bignum_p(VALUE x)
-{
-    return f_kind_of_p(x, rb_cBignum);
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+	return (int)rb_flo_is_finite_p(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+	return TRUE;
+    }
+    return RTEST(rb_funcallv(x, id_finite_p, 0, 0));
 }
 
+VALUE rb_flo_is_infinite_p(VALUE num);
 inline static VALUE
-k_float_p(VALUE x)
+f_infinite_p(VALUE x)
 {
-    return f_kind_of_p(x, rb_cFloat);
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+	return rb_flo_is_infinite_p(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    return rb_funcallv(x, id_infinite_p, 0, 0);
 }
 
-inline static VALUE
-k_rational_p(VALUE x)
+inline static int
+f_kind_of_p(VALUE x, VALUE c)
 {
-    return f_kind_of_p(x, rb_cRational);
+    return (int)rb_obj_is_kind_of(x, c);
 }
 
-inline static VALUE
-k_complex_p(VALUE x)
+inline static int
+k_numeric_p(VALUE x)
 {
-    return f_kind_of_p(x, rb_cComplex);
+    return f_kind_of_p(x, rb_cNumeric);
 }
 
-#define k_exact_p(x) (!k_float_p(x))
-#define k_inexact_p(x) k_float_p(x)
+#define k_exact_p(x) (!RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x))
 
 #define k_exact_zero_p(x) (k_exact_p(x) && f_zero_p(x))
-#define k_exact_one_p(x) (k_exact_p(x) && f_one_p(x))
 
 #define get_dat1(x) \
-    struct RComplex *dat;\
-    dat = ((struct RComplex *)(x))
+    struct RComplex *dat = RCOMPLEX(x)
 
 #define get_dat2(x,y) \
-    struct RComplex *adat, *bdat;\
-    adat = ((struct RComplex *)(x));\
-    bdat = ((struct RComplex *)(y))
+    struct RComplex *adat = RCOMPLEX(x), *bdat = RCOMPLEX(y)
 
 inline static VALUE
 nucomp_s_new_internal(VALUE klass, VALUE real, VALUE imag)
 {
-    NEWOBJ(obj, struct RComplex);
-    OBJSETUP(obj, klass, T_COMPLEX);
+    NEWOBJ_OF(obj, struct RComplex, klass, T_COMPLEX | (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_COMPLEX ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0));
 
-    obj->real = real;
-    obj->imag = imag;
+    RCOMPLEX_SET_REAL(obj, real);
+    RCOMPLEX_SET_IMAG(obj, imag);
+    OBJ_FREEZE_RAW((VALUE)obj);
 
     return (VALUE)obj;
 }
@@ -327,69 +414,27 @@ nucomp_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
     return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, ZERO, ZERO);
 }
 
-#if 0
-static VALUE
-nucomp_s_new_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
-{
-    VALUE real, imag;
-
-    switch (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &real, &imag)) {
-      case 1:
-	if (!k_numeric_p(real))
-	    real = f_to_i(real);
-	imag = ZERO;
-	break;
-      default:
-	if (!k_numeric_p(real))
-	    real = f_to_i(real);
-	if (!k_numeric_p(imag))
-	    imag = f_to_i(imag);
-	break;
-    }
-
-    return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, real, imag);
-}
-#endif
-
 inline static VALUE
 f_complex_new_bang1(VALUE klass, VALUE x)
 {
-    assert(!k_complex_p(x));
+    assert(!RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX));
     return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, x, ZERO);
 }
 
 inline static VALUE
 f_complex_new_bang2(VALUE klass, VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    assert(!k_complex_p(x));
-    assert(!k_complex_p(y));
+    assert(!RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX));
+    assert(!RB_TYPE_P(y, T_COMPLEX));
     return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, x, y);
 }
 
-#ifdef CANONICALIZATION_FOR_MATHN
-#define CANON
-#endif
-
-#ifdef CANON
-static int canonicalization = 0;
-
-RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED void
-nucomp_canonicalization(int f)
-{
-    canonicalization = f;
-}
-#endif
-
 inline static void
 nucomp_real_check(VALUE num)
 {
-    switch (TYPE(num)) {
-      case T_FIXNUM:
-      case T_BIGNUM:
-      case T_FLOAT:
-      case T_RATIONAL:
-	break;
-      default:
+    if (!RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(num) &&
+	!RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(num) &&
+	!RB_TYPE_P(num, T_RATIONAL)) {
 	if (!k_numeric_p(num) || !f_real_p(num))
 	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "not a real");
     }
@@ -398,26 +443,20 @@ nucomp_real_check(VALUE num)
 inline static VALUE
 nucomp_s_canonicalize_internal(VALUE klass, VALUE real, VALUE imag)
 {
-#ifdef CANON
-#define CL_CANON
-#ifdef CL_CANON
-    if (k_exact_zero_p(imag) && canonicalization)
-	return real;
-#else
-    if (f_zero_p(imag) && canonicalization)
-	return real;
-#endif
-#endif
-    if (f_real_p(real) && f_real_p(imag))
+    int complex_r, complex_i;
+    complex_r = RB_TYPE_P(real, T_COMPLEX);
+    complex_i = RB_TYPE_P(imag, T_COMPLEX);
+    if (!complex_r && !complex_i) {
 	return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, real, imag);
-    else if (f_real_p(real)) {
+    }
+    else if (!complex_r) {
 	get_dat1(imag);
 
 	return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass,
 				     f_sub(real, dat->imag),
 				     f_add(ZERO, dat->real));
     }
-    else if (f_real_p(imag)) {
+    else if (!complex_i) {
 	get_dat1(real);
 
 	return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass,
@@ -439,6 +478,8 @@ nucomp_s_canonicalize_internal(VALUE klass, VALUE real, VALUE imag)
  *    Complex.rectangular(real[, imag])  ->  complex
  *
  * Returns a complex object which denotes the given rectangular form.
+ *
+ *    Complex.rectangular(1, 2)  #=> (1+2i)
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_s_new(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
@@ -460,29 +501,67 @@ nucomp_s_new(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 }
 
 inline static VALUE
-f_complex_new1(VALUE klass, VALUE x)
-{
-    assert(!k_complex_p(x));
-    return nucomp_s_canonicalize_internal(klass, x, ZERO);
-}
-
-inline static VALUE
 f_complex_new2(VALUE klass, VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    assert(!k_complex_p(x));
+    assert(!RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX));
     return nucomp_s_canonicalize_internal(klass, x, y);
 }
 
+static VALUE nucomp_convert(VALUE klass, VALUE a1, VALUE a2, int raise);
+static VALUE nucomp_s_convert(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass);
+
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    Complex(x[, y])  ->  numeric
+ *    Complex(x[, y], exception: true)  ->  numeric or nil
  *
  * Returns x+i*y;
+ *
+ *    Complex(1, 2)    #=> (1+2i)
+ *    Complex('1+2i')  #=> (1+2i)
+ *    Complex(nil)     #=> TypeError
+ *    Complex(1, nil)  #=> TypeError
+ *
+ *    Complex(1, nil, exception: false)  #=> nil
+ *    Complex('1+2', exception: false)   #=> nil
+ *
+ * Syntax of string form:
+ *
+ *   string form = extra spaces , complex , extra spaces ;
+ *   complex = real part | [ sign ] , imaginary part
+ *           | real part , sign , imaginary part
+ *           | rational , "@" , rational ;
+ *   real part = rational ;
+ *   imaginary part = imaginary unit | unsigned rational , imaginary unit ;
+ *   rational = [ sign ] , unsigned rational ;
+ *   unsigned rational = numerator | numerator , "/" , denominator ;
+ *   numerator = integer part | fractional part | integer part , fractional part ;
+ *   denominator = digits ;
+ *   integer part = digits ;
+ *   fractional part = "." , digits , [ ( "e" | "E" ) , [ sign ] , digits ] ;
+ *   imaginary unit = "i" | "I" | "j" | "J" ;
+ *   sign = "-" | "+" ;
+ *   digits = digit , { digit | "_" , digit };
+ *   digit = "0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9" ;
+ *   extra spaces = ? \s* ? ;
+ *
+ * See String#to_c.
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_f_complex(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    return rb_funcall2(rb_cComplex, id_convert, argc, argv);
+    VALUE a1, a2, opts = Qnil;
+    int raise = TRUE;
+
+    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11:", &a1, &a2, &opts) == 1) {
+        a2 = Qundef;
+    }
+    if (!NIL_P(opts)) {
+        raise = rb_opts_exception_p(opts, raise);
+    }
+    if (argc > 0 && CLASS_OF(a1) == rb_cComplex && a2 == Qundef) {
+        return a1;
+    }
+    return nucomp_convert(rb_cComplex, a1, a2, raise);
 }
 
 #define imp1(n) \
@@ -492,20 +571,9 @@ m_##n##_bang(VALUE x)\
     return rb_math_##n(x);\
 }
 
-#define imp2(n) \
-inline static VALUE \
-m_##n##_bang(VALUE x, VALUE y)\
-{\
-    return rb_math_##n(x, y);\
-}
-
-imp2(atan2)
 imp1(cos)
 imp1(cosh)
 imp1(exp)
-imp2(hypot)
-
-#define m_hypot(x,y) m_hypot_bang((x),(y))
 
 static VALUE
 m_log_bang(VALUE x)
@@ -515,12 +583,11 @@ m_log_bang(VALUE x)
 
 imp1(sin)
 imp1(sinh)
-imp1(sqrt)
 
 static VALUE
 m_cos(VALUE x)
 {
-    if (f_real_p(x))
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX))
 	return m_cos_bang(x);
     {
 	get_dat1(x);
@@ -535,7 +602,7 @@ m_cos(VALUE x)
 static VALUE
 m_sin(VALUE x)
 {
-    if (f_real_p(x))
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX))
 	return m_sin_bang(x);
     {
 	get_dat1(x);
@@ -547,50 +614,88 @@ m_sin(VALUE x)
     }
 }
 
-#if 0
 static VALUE
-m_sqrt(VALUE x)
+f_complex_polar(VALUE klass, VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
-    if (f_real_p(x)) {
-	if (f_positive_p(x))
-	    return m_sqrt_bang(x);
-	return f_complex_new2(rb_cComplex, ZERO, m_sqrt_bang(f_negate(x)));
+    assert(!RB_TYPE_P(x, T_COMPLEX));
+    assert(!RB_TYPE_P(y, T_COMPLEX));
+    if (f_zero_p(x) || f_zero_p(y)) {
+	return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, x, RFLOAT_0);
     }
-    else {
-	get_dat1(x);
-
-	if (f_negative_p(dat->imag))
-	    return f_conj(m_sqrt(f_conj(x)));
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
+	const double arg = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
+	if (arg == M_PI) {
+	    x = f_negate(x);
+	    y = RFLOAT_0;
+	}
+	else if (arg == M_PI_2) {
+	    y = x;
+	    x = RFLOAT_0;
+	}
+	else if (arg == M_PI_2+M_PI) {
+	    y = f_negate(x);
+	    x = RFLOAT_0;
+	}
+	else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+	    const double abs = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
+	    const double real = abs * cos(arg), imag = abs * sin(arg);
+	    x = DBL2NUM(real);
+	    y = DBL2NUM(imag);
+	}
 	else {
-	    VALUE a = f_abs(x);
-	    return f_complex_new2(rb_cComplex,
-				  m_sqrt_bang(f_div(f_add(a, dat->real), TWO)),
-				  m_sqrt_bang(f_div(f_sub(a, dat->real), TWO)));
+            const double ax = sin(arg), ay = cos(arg);
+            y = f_mul(x, DBL2NUM(ax));
+            x = f_mul(x, DBL2NUM(ay));
 	}
+	return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, x, y);
     }
-}
-#endif
-
-inline static VALUE
-f_complex_polar(VALUE klass, VALUE x, VALUE y)
-{
-    assert(!k_complex_p(x));
-    assert(!k_complex_p(y));
     return nucomp_s_canonicalize_internal(klass,
 					  f_mul(x, m_cos(y)),
 					  f_mul(x, m_sin(y)));
 }
 
+#ifdef HAVE___COSPI
+# define cospi(x) __cospi(x)
+#else
+# define cospi(x) cos((x) * M_PI)
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE___SINPI
+# define sinpi(x) __sinpi(x)
+#else
+# define sinpi(x) sin((x) * M_PI)
+#endif
+/* returns a Complex or Float of ang*PI-rotated abs */
+VALUE
+rb_dbl_complex_new_polar_pi(double abs, double ang)
+{
+    double fi;
+    const double fr = modf(ang, &fi);
+    int pos = fr == +0.5;
+
+    if (pos || fr == -0.5) {
+	if ((modf(fi / 2.0, &fi) != fr) ^ pos) abs = -abs;
+	return rb_complex_new(RFLOAT_0, DBL2NUM(abs));
+    }
+    else if (fr == 0.0) {
+	if (modf(fi / 2.0, &fi) != 0.0) abs = -abs;
+	return DBL2NUM(abs);
+    }
+    else {
+        const double real = abs * cospi(ang), imag = abs * sinpi(ang);
+        return rb_complex_new(DBL2NUM(real), DBL2NUM(imag));
+    }
+}
+
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    Complex.polar(abs[, arg])  ->  complex
  *
  * Returns a complex object which denotes the given polar form.
  *
- *   Complex.polar(3, 0)           #=> (3.0+0.0i)
- *   Complex.polar(3, Math::PI/2)  #=> (1.836909530733566e-16+3.0i)
- *   Complex.polar(3, Math::PI)    #=> (-3.0+3.673819061467132e-16i)
- *   Complex.polar(3, -Math::PI/2) #=> (1.836909530733566e-16-3.0i)
+ *    Complex.polar(3, 0)            #=> (3.0+0.0i)
+ *    Complex.polar(3, Math::PI/2)   #=> (1.836909530733566e-16+3.0i)
+ *    Complex.polar(3, Math::PI)     #=> (-3.0+3.673819061467132e-16i)
+ *    Complex.polar(3, -Math::PI/2)  #=> (1.836909530733566e-16-3.0i)
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_s_polar(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
@@ -600,13 +705,20 @@ nucomp_s_polar(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     switch (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &abs, &arg)) {
       case 1:
 	nucomp_real_check(abs);
-	arg = ZERO;
-	break;
+	return nucomp_s_new_internal(klass, abs, ZERO);
       default:
 	nucomp_real_check(abs);
 	nucomp_real_check(arg);
 	break;
     }
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(abs, T_COMPLEX)) {
+        get_dat1(abs);
+        abs = dat->real;
+    }
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(arg, T_COMPLEX)) {
+        get_dat1(arg);
+        arg = dat->real;
+    }
     return f_complex_polar(klass, abs, arg);
 }
 
@@ -615,9 +727,12 @@ nucomp_s_polar(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
  *    cmp.real  ->  real
  *
  * Returns the real part.
+ *
+ *    Complex(7).real      #=> 7
+ *    Complex(9, -4).real  #=> 9
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_real(VALUE self)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_real(VALUE self)
 {
     get_dat1(self);
     return dat->real;
@@ -629,9 +744,12 @@ nucomp_real(VALUE self)
  *    cmp.imaginary  ->  real
  *
  * Returns the imaginary part.
+ *
+ *    Complex(7).imaginary      #=> 0
+ *    Complex(9, -4).imaginary  #=> -4
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_imag(VALUE self)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_imag(VALUE self)
 {
     get_dat1(self);
     return dat->imag;
@@ -642,26 +760,39 @@ nucomp_imag(VALUE self)
  *    -cmp  ->  complex
  *
  * Returns negation of the value.
+ *
+ *    -Complex(1, 2)  #=> (-1-2i)
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_negate(VALUE self)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_uminus(VALUE self)
 {
-  get_dat1(self);
-  return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
-			f_negate(dat->real), f_negate(dat->imag));
+    get_dat1(self);
+    return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
+			  f_negate(dat->real), f_negate(dat->imag));
 }
 
-inline static VALUE
-f_addsub(VALUE self, VALUE other,
-	 VALUE (*func)(VALUE, VALUE), ID id)
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    cmp + numeric  ->  complex
+ *
+ * Performs addition.
+ *
+ *    Complex(2, 3)  + Complex(2, 3)   #=> (4+6i)
+ *    Complex(900)   + Complex(1)      #=> (901+0i)
+ *    Complex(-2, 9) + Complex(-9, 2)  #=> (-11+11i)
+ *    Complex(9, 8)  + 4               #=> (13+8i)
+ *    Complex(20, 9) + 9.8             #=> (29.8+9i)
+ */
+VALUE
+rb_complex_plus(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
-    if (k_complex_p(other)) {
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX)) {
 	VALUE real, imag;
 
 	get_dat2(self, other);
 
-	real = (*func)(adat->real, bdat->real);
-	imag = (*func)(adat->imag, bdat->imag);
+	real = f_add(adat->real, bdat->real);
+	imag = f_add(adat->imag, bdat->imag);
 
 	return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self), real, imag);
     }
@@ -669,33 +800,69 @@ f_addsub(VALUE self, VALUE other,
 	get_dat1(self);
 
 	return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
-			      (*func)(dat->real, other), dat->imag);
+			      f_add(dat->real, other), dat->imag);
     }
-    return rb_num_coerce_bin(self, other, id);
+    return rb_num_coerce_bin(self, other, '+');
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    cmp + numeric  ->  complex
+ *    cmp - numeric  ->  complex
  *
- * Performs addition.
+ * Performs subtraction.
+ *
+ *    Complex(2, 3)  - Complex(2, 3)   #=> (0+0i)
+ *    Complex(900)   - Complex(1)      #=> (899+0i)
+ *    Complex(-2, 9) - Complex(-9, 2)  #=> (7+7i)
+ *    Complex(9, 8)  - 4               #=> (5+8i)
+ *    Complex(20, 9) - 9.8             #=> (10.2+9i)
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_add(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_minus(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
-    return f_addsub(self, other, f_add, '+');
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX)) {
+	VALUE real, imag;
+
+	get_dat2(self, other);
+
+	real = f_sub(adat->real, bdat->real);
+	imag = f_sub(adat->imag, bdat->imag);
+
+	return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self), real, imag);
+    }
+    if (k_numeric_p(other) && f_real_p(other)) {
+	get_dat1(self);
+
+	return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
+			      f_sub(dat->real, other), dat->imag);
+    }
+    return rb_num_coerce_bin(self, other, '-');
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cmp - numeric  ->  complex
- *
- * Performs subtraction.
- */
 static VALUE
-nucomp_sub(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+safe_mul(VALUE a, VALUE b, int az, int bz)
+{
+    double v;
+    if (!az && bz && RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(a) && (v = RFLOAT_VALUE(a), !isnan(v))) {
+	a = signbit(v) ? DBL2NUM(-1.0) : DBL2NUM(1.0);
+    }
+    if (!bz && az && RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(b) && (v = RFLOAT_VALUE(b), !isnan(v))) {
+	b = signbit(v) ? DBL2NUM(-1.0) : DBL2NUM(1.0);
+    }
+    return f_mul(a, b);
+}
+
+static void
+comp_mul(VALUE areal, VALUE aimag, VALUE breal, VALUE bimag, VALUE *real, VALUE *imag)
 {
-    return f_addsub(self, other, f_sub, '-');
+    int arzero = f_zero_p(areal);
+    int aizero = f_zero_p(aimag);
+    int brzero = f_zero_p(breal);
+    int bizero = f_zero_p(bimag);
+    *real = f_sub(safe_mul(areal, breal, arzero, brzero),
+                  safe_mul(aimag, bimag, aizero, bizero));
+    *imag = f_add(safe_mul(areal, bimag, arzero, bizero),
+                  safe_mul(aimag, breal, aizero, brzero));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -703,19 +870,21 @@ nucomp_sub(VALUE self, VALUE other)
  *    cmp * numeric  ->  complex
  *
  * Performs multiplication.
+ *
+ *    Complex(2, 3)  * Complex(2, 3)   #=> (-5+12i)
+ *    Complex(900)   * Complex(1)      #=> (900+0i)
+ *    Complex(-2, 9) * Complex(-9, 2)  #=> (0-85i)
+ *    Complex(9, 8)  * 4               #=> (36+32i)
+ *    Complex(20, 9) * 9.8             #=> (196.0+88.2i)
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_mul(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_mul(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
-    if (k_complex_p(other)) {
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX)) {
 	VALUE real, imag;
-
 	get_dat2(self, other);
 
-	real = f_sub(f_mul(adat->real, bdat->real),
-		     f_mul(adat->imag, bdat->imag));
-	imag = f_add(f_mul(adat->real, bdat->imag),
-		     f_mul(adat->imag, bdat->real));
+        comp_mul(adat->real, adat->imag, bdat->real, bdat->imag, &real, &imag);
 
 	return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self), real, imag);
     }
@@ -733,50 +902,38 @@ inline static VALUE
 f_divide(VALUE self, VALUE other,
 	 VALUE (*func)(VALUE, VALUE), ID id)
 {
-    if (k_complex_p(other)) {
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX)) {
+        VALUE r, n, x, y;
 	int flo;
 	get_dat2(self, other);
 
-	flo = (k_float_p(adat->real) || k_float_p(adat->imag) ||
-	       k_float_p(bdat->real) || k_float_p(bdat->imag));
+	flo = (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(adat->real) || RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(adat->imag) ||
+	       RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(bdat->real) || RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(bdat->imag));
 
 	if (f_gt_p(f_abs(bdat->real), f_abs(bdat->imag))) {
-	    VALUE r, n;
-
 	    r = (*func)(bdat->imag, bdat->real);
 	    n = f_mul(bdat->real, f_add(ONE, f_mul(r, r)));
-	    if (flo)
-		return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
-				      (*func)(self, n),
-				      (*func)(f_negate(f_mul(self, r)), n));
-	    return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
-				  (*func)(f_add(adat->real,
-						f_mul(adat->imag, r)), n),
-				  (*func)(f_sub(adat->imag,
-						f_mul(adat->real, r)), n));
+            x = (*func)(f_add(adat->real, f_mul(adat->imag, r)), n);
+            y = (*func)(f_sub(adat->imag, f_mul(adat->real, r)), n);
 	}
 	else {
-	    VALUE r, n;
-
 	    r = (*func)(bdat->real, bdat->imag);
 	    n = f_mul(bdat->imag, f_add(ONE, f_mul(r, r)));
-	    if (flo)
-		return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
-				      (*func)(f_mul(self, r), n),
-				      (*func)(f_negate(self), n));
-	    return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
-				  (*func)(f_add(f_mul(adat->real, r),
-						adat->imag), n),
-				  (*func)(f_sub(f_mul(adat->imag, r),
-						adat->real), n));
+            x = (*func)(f_add(f_mul(adat->real, r), adat->imag), n);
+            y = (*func)(f_sub(f_mul(adat->imag, r), adat->real), n);
 	}
+        if (!flo) {
+            x = rb_rational_canonicalize(x);
+            y = rb_rational_canonicalize(y);
+        }
+        return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self), x, y);
     }
     if (k_numeric_p(other) && f_real_p(other)) {
+        VALUE x, y;
 	get_dat1(self);
-
-	return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
-			      (*func)(dat->real, other),
-			      (*func)(dat->imag, other));
+        x = rb_rational_canonicalize((*func)(dat->real, other));
+        y = rb_rational_canonicalize((*func)(dat->imag, other));
+        return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self), x, y);
     }
     return rb_num_coerce_bin(self, other, id);
 }
@@ -790,18 +947,19 @@ f_divide(VALUE self, VALUE other,
  *
  * Performs division.
  *
- * For example:
- *
- *     Complex(10.0) / 3  #=> (3.3333333333333335+(0/1)*i)
- *     Complex(10)   / 3  #=> ((10/3)+(0/1)*i)  # not (3+0i)
+ *    Complex(2, 3)  / Complex(2, 3)   #=> ((1/1)+(0/1)*i)
+ *    Complex(900)   / Complex(1)      #=> ((900/1)+(0/1)*i)
+ *    Complex(-2, 9) / Complex(-9, 2)  #=> ((36/85)-(77/85)*i)
+ *    Complex(9, 8)  / 4               #=> ((9/4)+(2/1)*i)
+ *    Complex(20, 9) / 9.8             #=> (2.0408163265306123+0.9183673469387754i)
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_div(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_div(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
     return f_divide(self, other, f_quo, id_quo);
 }
 
-#define nucomp_quo nucomp_div
+#define nucomp_quo rb_complex_div
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
@@ -809,9 +967,7 @@ nucomp_div(VALUE self, VALUE other)
  *
  * Performs division as each part is a float, never returns a float.
  *
- * For example:
- *
- *     Complex(11,22).fdiv(3)  #=> (3.6666666666666665+7.333333333333333i)
+ *    Complex(11, 22).fdiv(3)  #=> (3.6666666666666665+7.333333333333333i)
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_fdiv(VALUE self, VALUE other)
@@ -831,28 +987,26 @@ f_reciprocal(VALUE x)
  *
  * Performs exponentiation.
  *
- * For example:
- *
- *     Complex('i') ** 2             #=> (-1+0i)
- *     Complex(-8) ** Rational(1,3)  #=> (1.0000000000000002+1.7320508075688772i)
+ *    Complex('i') ** 2              #=> (-1+0i)
+ *    Complex(-8) ** Rational(1, 3)  #=> (1.0000000000000002+1.7320508075688772i)
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_expt(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_pow(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
     if (k_numeric_p(other) && k_exact_zero_p(other))
 	return f_complex_new_bang1(CLASS_OF(self), ONE);
 
-    if (k_rational_p(other) && f_one_p(f_denominator(other)))
-	other = f_numerator(other); /* c14n */
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_RATIONAL) && RRATIONAL(other)->den == LONG2FIX(1))
+	other = RRATIONAL(other)->num; /* c14n */
 
-    if (k_complex_p(other)) {
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX)) {
 	get_dat1(other);
 
 	if (k_exact_zero_p(dat->imag))
 	    other = dat->real; /* c14n */
     }
 
-    if (k_complex_p(other)) {
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX)) {
 	VALUE r, theta, nr, ntheta;
 
 	get_dat1(other);
@@ -866,44 +1020,51 @@ nucomp_expt(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 		       f_mul(dat->imag, m_log_bang(r)));
 	return f_complex_polar(CLASS_OF(self), nr, ntheta);
     }
-    if (k_fixnum_p(other)) {
-	if (f_gt_p(other, ZERO)) {
-	    VALUE x, z;
-	    long n;
-
-	    x = self;
-	    z = x;
-	    n = FIX2LONG(other) - 1;
-
-	    while (n) {
-		long q, r;
-
-		while (1) {
-		    get_dat1(x);
-
-		    q = n / 2;
-		    r = n % 2;
-
-		    if (r)
-			break;
-
-		    x = f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
-				       f_sub(f_mul(dat->real, dat->real),
-					     f_mul(dat->imag, dat->imag)),
-				       f_mul(f_mul(TWO, dat->real), dat->imag));
-		    n = q;
-		}
-		z = f_mul(z, x);
-		n--;
-	    }
-	    return z;
+    if (FIXNUM_P(other)) {
+        long n = FIX2LONG(other);
+        if (n == 0) {
+            return nucomp_s_new_internal(CLASS_OF(self), ONE, ZERO);
+        }
+        if (n < 0) {
+            self = f_reciprocal(self);
+            other = rb_int_uminus(other);
+            n = -n;
+        }
+        {
+            get_dat1(self);
+            VALUE xr = dat->real, xi = dat->imag, zr = xr, zi = xi;
+
+            if (f_zero_p(xi)) {
+                zr = rb_num_pow(zr, other);
+            }
+            else if (f_zero_p(xr)) {
+                zi = rb_num_pow(zi, other);
+                if (n & 2) zi = f_negate(zi);
+                if (!(n & 1)) {
+                    VALUE tmp = zr;
+                    zr = zi;
+                    zi = tmp;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                while (--n) {
+                    long q, r;
+
+                    for (; q = n / 2, r = n % 2, r == 0; n = q) {
+                        VALUE tmp = f_sub(f_mul(xr, xr), f_mul(xi, xi));
+                        xi = f_mul(f_mul(TWO, xr), xi);
+                        xr = tmp;
+                    }
+                    comp_mul(zr, zi, xr, xi, &zr, &zi);
+                }
+            }
+            return nucomp_s_new_internal(CLASS_OF(self), zr, zi);
 	}
-	return f_expt(f_reciprocal(self), f_negate(other));
     }
     if (k_numeric_p(other) && f_real_p(other)) {
 	VALUE r, theta;
 
-	if (k_bignum_p(other))
+	if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_BIGNUM))
 	    rb_warn("in a**b, b may be too big");
 
 	r = f_abs(self);
@@ -920,11 +1081,17 @@ nucomp_expt(VALUE self, VALUE other)
  *    cmp == object  ->  true or false
  *
  * Returns true if cmp equals object numerically.
+ *
+ *    Complex(2, 3)  == Complex(2, 3)   #=> true
+ *    Complex(5)     == 5               #=> true
+ *    Complex(0)     == 0.0             #=> true
+ *    Complex('1/3') == 0.33            #=> false
+ *    Complex('1/2') == '1/2'           #=> false
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_eqeq_p(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
-    if (k_complex_p(other)) {
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX)) {
 	get_dat2(self, other);
 
 	return f_boolcast(f_eqeq_p(adat->real, bdat->real) &&
@@ -935,20 +1102,57 @@ nucomp_eqeq_p(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 
 	return f_boolcast(f_eqeq_p(dat->real, other) && f_zero_p(dat->imag));
     }
-    return f_eqeq_p(other, self);
+    return f_boolcast(f_eqeq_p(other, self));
+}
+
+static bool
+nucomp_real_p(VALUE self)
+{
+    get_dat1(self);
+    return(f_zero_p(dat->imag) ? true : false);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    cmp <=> object  ->  0, 1, -1, or nil
+ *
+ * If +cmp+'s imaginary part is zero, and +object+ is also a
+ * real number (or a Complex number where the imaginary part is zero),
+ * compare the real part of +cmp+ to object.  Otherwise, return nil.
+ *
+ *    Complex(2, 3)  <=> Complex(2, 3)   #=> nil
+ *    Complex(2, 3)  <=> 1               #=> nil
+ *    Complex(2)     <=> 1               #=> 1
+ *    Complex(2)     <=> 2               #=> 0
+ *    Complex(2)     <=> 3               #=> -1
+ */
+static VALUE
+nucomp_cmp(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+{
+    if (nucomp_real_p(self) && k_numeric_p(other)) {
+        if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX) && nucomp_real_p(other)) {
+            get_dat2(self, other);
+            return rb_funcall(adat->real, idCmp, 1, bdat->real);
+        }
+        else if (f_real_p(other)) {
+            get_dat1(self);
+            return rb_funcall(dat->real, idCmp, 1, other);
+        }
+    }
+    return Qnil;
 }
 
 /* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_coerce(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
-    if (k_numeric_p(other) && f_real_p(other))
-	return rb_assoc_new(f_complex_new_bang1(CLASS_OF(self), other), self);
-    if (TYPE(other) == T_COMPLEX)
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX))
 	return rb_assoc_new(other, self);
+    if (k_numeric_p(other) && f_real_p(other))
+        return rb_assoc_new(f_complex_new_bang1(CLASS_OF(self), other), self);
 
-    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s can't be coerced into %s",
-	     rb_obj_classname(other), rb_obj_classname(self));
+    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%"PRIsVALUE" can't be coerced into %"PRIsVALUE,
+	     rb_obj_class(other), rb_obj_class(self));
     return Qnil;
 }
 
@@ -958,25 +1162,28 @@ nucomp_coerce(VALUE self, VALUE other)
  *    cmp.magnitude  ->  real
  *
  * Returns the absolute part of its polar form.
+ *
+ *    Complex(-1).abs         #=> 1
+ *    Complex(3.0, -4.0).abs  #=> 5.0
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_abs(VALUE self)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_abs(VALUE self)
 {
     get_dat1(self);
 
     if (f_zero_p(dat->real)) {
 	VALUE a = f_abs(dat->imag);
-	if (k_float_p(dat->real) && !k_float_p(dat->imag))
+	if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(dat->real) && !RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(dat->imag))
 	    a = f_to_f(a);
 	return a;
     }
     if (f_zero_p(dat->imag)) {
 	VALUE a = f_abs(dat->real);
-	if (!k_float_p(dat->real) && k_float_p(dat->imag))
+	if (!RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(dat->real) && RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(dat->imag))
 	    a = f_to_f(a);
 	return a;
     }
-    return m_hypot(dat->real, dat->imag);
+    return rb_math_hypot(dat->real, dat->imag);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -984,6 +1191,9 @@ nucomp_abs(VALUE self)
  *    cmp.abs2  ->  real
  *
  * Returns square of the absolute value.
+ *
+ *    Complex(-1).abs2         #=> 1
+ *    Complex(3.0, -4.0).abs2  #=> 25.0
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_abs2(VALUE self)
@@ -1001,14 +1211,13 @@ nucomp_abs2(VALUE self)
  *
  * Returns the angle part of its polar form.
  *
- *   Complex.polar(3, Math::PI/2).arg #=> 1.5707963267948966
- *
+ *    Complex.polar(3, Math::PI/2).arg  #=> 1.5707963267948966
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_arg(VALUE self)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_arg(VALUE self)
 {
     get_dat1(self);
-    return m_atan2_bang(dat->imag, dat->real);
+    return rb_math_atan2(dat->imag, dat->real);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1017,6 +1226,8 @@ nucomp_arg(VALUE self)
  *    cmp.rectangular  ->  array
  *
  * Returns an array; [cmp.real, cmp.imag].
+ *
+ *    Complex(1, 2).rectangular  #=> [1, 2]
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_rect(VALUE self)
@@ -1030,6 +1241,8 @@ nucomp_rect(VALUE self)
  *    cmp.polar  ->  array
  *
  * Returns an array; [cmp.abs, cmp.arg].
+ *
+ *    Complex(1, 2).polar  #=> [2.23606797749979, 1.1071487177940904]
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_polar(VALUE self)
@@ -1043,28 +1256,22 @@ nucomp_polar(VALUE self)
  *    cmp.conjugate  ->  complex
  *
  * Returns the complex conjugate.
+ *
+ *    Complex(1, 2).conjugate  #=> (1-2i)
  */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_conj(VALUE self)
+VALUE
+rb_complex_conjugate(VALUE self)
 {
     get_dat1(self);
     return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self), dat->real, f_negate(dat->imag));
 }
 
-#if 0
-/* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_true(VALUE self)
-{
-    return Qtrue;
-}
-#endif
-
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    cmp.real?  ->  false
+ *    Complex(1).real?     ->  false
+ *    Complex(1, 2).real?  ->  false
  *
- * Returns false.
+ * Returns false, even if the complex number has no imaginary part.
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_false(VALUE self)
@@ -1072,23 +1279,6 @@ nucomp_false(VALUE self)
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
-#if 0
-/* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_exact_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    get_dat1(self);
-    return f_boolcast(k_exact_p(dat->real) && k_exact_p(dat->imag));
-}
-
-/* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_inexact_p(VALUE self)
-{
-    return f_boolcast(!nucomp_exact_p(self));
-}
-#endif
-
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    cmp.denominator  ->  integer
@@ -1110,8 +1300,6 @@ nucomp_denominator(VALUE self)
  *
  * Returns the numerator.
  *
- * For example:
- *
  *        1   2       3+4i  <-  numerator
  *        - + -i  ->  ----
  *        2   3        6    <-  denominator
@@ -1131,7 +1319,7 @@ nucomp_numerator(VALUE self)
 
     get_dat1(self);
 
-    cd = f_denominator(self);
+    cd = nucomp_denominator(self);
     return f_complex_new2(CLASS_OF(self),
 			  f_mul(f_numerator(dat->real),
 				f_div(cd, f_denominator(dat->real))),
@@ -1140,8 +1328,8 @@ nucomp_numerator(VALUE self)
 }
 
 /* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-nucomp_hash(VALUE self)
+st_index_t
+rb_complex_hash(VALUE self)
 {
     st_index_t v, h[2];
     VALUE n;
@@ -1152,14 +1340,20 @@ nucomp_hash(VALUE self)
     n = rb_hash(dat->imag);
     h[1] = NUM2LONG(n);
     v = rb_memhash(h, sizeof(h));
-    return LONG2FIX(v);
+    return v;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+nucomp_hash(VALUE self)
+{
+    return ST2FIX(rb_complex_hash(self));
 }
 
 /* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_eql_p(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
-    if (k_complex_p(other)) {
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(other, T_COMPLEX)) {
 	get_dat2(self, other);
 
 	return f_boolcast((CLASS_OF(adat->real) == CLASS_OF(bdat->real)) &&
@@ -1170,32 +1364,27 @@ nucomp_eql_p(VALUE self, VALUE other)
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
-inline static VALUE
+inline static int
 f_signbit(VALUE x)
 {
-#if defined(HAVE_SIGNBIT) && defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__sun__) && \
-    !defined(signbit)
-    extern int signbit(double);
-#endif
-    switch (TYPE(x)) {
-      case T_FLOAT: {
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
 	double f = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
-	return f_boolcast(!isnan(f) && signbit(f));
-      }
+	return !isnan(f) && signbit(f);
     }
     return f_negative_p(x);
 }
 
-inline static VALUE
+inline static int
 f_tpositive_p(VALUE x)
 {
-    return f_boolcast(!f_signbit(x));
+    return !f_signbit(x);
 }
 
 static VALUE
 f_format(VALUE self, VALUE (*func)(VALUE))
 {
-    VALUE s, impos;
+    VALUE s;
+    int impos;
 
     get_dat1(self);
 
@@ -1217,11 +1406,17 @@ f_format(VALUE self, VALUE (*func)(VALUE))
  *    cmp.to_s  ->  string
  *
  * Returns the value as a string.
+ *
+ *    Complex(2).to_s                       #=> "2+0i"
+ *    Complex('-8/6').to_s                  #=> "-4/3+0i"
+ *    Complex('1/2i').to_s                  #=> "0+1/2i"
+ *    Complex(0, Float::INFINITY).to_s      #=> "0+Infinity*i"
+ *    Complex(Float::NAN, Float::NAN).to_s  #=> "NaN+NaN*i"
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_to_s(VALUE self)
 {
-    return f_format(self, f_to_s);
+    return f_format(self, rb_String);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1229,6 +1424,12 @@ nucomp_to_s(VALUE self)
  *    cmp.inspect  ->  string
  *
  * Returns the value as a string for inspection.
+ *
+ *    Complex(2).inspect                       #=> "(2+0i)"
+ *    Complex('-8/6').inspect                  #=> "((-4/3)+0i)"
+ *    Complex('1/2i').inspect                  #=> "(0+(1/2)*i)"
+ *    Complex(0, Float::INFINITY).inspect      #=> "(0+Infinity*i)"
+ *    Complex(Float::NAN, Float::NAN).inspect  #=> "(NaN+NaN*i)"
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_inspect(VALUE self)
@@ -1236,12 +1437,75 @@ nucomp_inspect(VALUE self)
     VALUE s;
 
     s = rb_usascii_str_new2("(");
-    rb_str_concat(s, f_format(self, f_inspect));
+    rb_str_concat(s, f_format(self, rb_inspect));
     rb_str_cat2(s, ")");
 
     return s;
 }
 
+#define FINITE_TYPE_P(v) (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(v) || RB_TYPE_P(v, T_RATIONAL))
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    cmp.finite?  ->  true or false
+ *
+ * Returns +true+ if +cmp+'s real and imaginary parts are both finite numbers,
+ * otherwise returns +false+.
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_complex_finite_p(VALUE self)
+{
+    get_dat1(self);
+
+    if (f_finite_p(dat->real) && f_finite_p(dat->imag)) {
+	return Qtrue;
+    }
+    return Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    cmp.infinite?  ->  nil or 1
+ *
+ * Returns +1+ if +cmp+'s real or imaginary part is an infinite number,
+ * otherwise returns +nil+.
+ *
+ *  For example:
+ *
+ *     (1+1i).infinite?                   #=> nil
+ *     (Float::INFINITY + 1i).infinite?   #=> 1
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_complex_infinite_p(VALUE self)
+{
+    get_dat1(self);
+
+    if (NIL_P(f_infinite_p(dat->real)) && NIL_P(f_infinite_p(dat->imag))) {
+	return Qnil;
+    }
+    return ONE;
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+nucomp_dumper(VALUE self)
+{
+    return self;
+}
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+nucomp_loader(VALUE self, VALUE a)
+{
+    get_dat1(self);
+
+    RCOMPLEX_SET_REAL(dat, rb_ivar_get(a, id_i_real));
+    RCOMPLEX_SET_IMAG(dat, rb_ivar_get(a, id_i_imag));
+    OBJ_FREEZE_RAW(self);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
 /* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_marshal_dump(VALUE self)
@@ -1258,13 +1522,11 @@ nucomp_marshal_dump(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 nucomp_marshal_load(VALUE self, VALUE a)
 {
-    get_dat1(self);
     Check_Type(a, T_ARRAY);
     if (RARRAY_LEN(a) != 2)
 	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "marshaled complex must have an array whose length is 2 but %ld", RARRAY_LEN(a));
-    dat->real = RARRAY_PTR(a)[0];
-    dat->imag = RARRAY_PTR(a)[1];
-    rb_copy_generic_ivar(self, a);
+    rb_ivar_set(self, id_i_real, RARRAY_AREF(a, 0));
+    rb_ivar_set(self, id_i_imag, RARRAY_AREF(a, 1));
     return self;
 }
 
@@ -1283,12 +1545,16 @@ rb_complex_new(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_complex_polar(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+rb_complex_new_polar(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
     return f_complex_polar(rb_cComplex, x, y);
 }
 
-static VALUE nucomp_s_convert(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass);
+VALUE
+rb_complex_polar(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    return rb_complex_new_polar(x, y);
+}
 
 VALUE
 rb_Complex(VALUE x, VALUE y)
@@ -1299,21 +1565,38 @@ rb_Complex(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return nucomp_s_convert(2, a, rb_cComplex);
 }
 
+/*!
+ * Creates a Complex object.
+ *
+ * \param real    real part value
+ * \param imag    imaginary part value
+ * \return        a new Complex object
+ */
+VALUE
+rb_dbl_complex_new(double real, double imag)
+{
+    return rb_complex_raw(DBL2NUM(real), DBL2NUM(imag));
+}
+
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    cmp.to_i  ->  integer
  *
- * Returns the value as an integer if possible.
+ * Returns the value as an integer if possible (the imaginary part
+ * should be exactly zero).
+ *
+ *    Complex(1, 0).to_i    #=> 1
+ *    Complex(1, 0.0).to_i  # RangeError
+ *    Complex(1, 2).to_i    # RangeError
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_to_i(VALUE self)
 {
     get_dat1(self);
 
-    if (k_inexact_p(dat->imag) || f_nonzero_p(dat->imag)) {
-	VALUE s = f_to_s(self);
-	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "can't convert %s into Integer",
-		 StringValuePtr(s));
+    if (!k_exact_zero_p(dat->imag)) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "can't convert %"PRIsVALUE" into Integer",
+		 self);
     }
     return f_to_i(dat->real);
 }
@@ -1322,17 +1605,21 @@ nucomp_to_i(VALUE self)
  * call-seq:
  *    cmp.to_f  ->  float
  *
- * Returns the value as a float if possible.
+ * Returns the value as a float if possible (the imaginary part should
+ * be exactly zero).
+ *
+ *    Complex(1, 0).to_f    #=> 1.0
+ *    Complex(1, 0.0).to_f  # RangeError
+ *    Complex(1, 2).to_f    # RangeError
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_to_f(VALUE self)
 {
     get_dat1(self);
 
-    if (k_inexact_p(dat->imag) || f_nonzero_p(dat->imag)) {
-	VALUE s = f_to_s(self);
-	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "can't convert %s into Float",
-		 StringValuePtr(s));
+    if (!k_exact_zero_p(dat->imag)) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "can't convert %"PRIsVALUE" into Float",
+		 self);
     }
     return f_to_f(dat->real);
 }
@@ -1341,18 +1628,23 @@ nucomp_to_f(VALUE self)
  * call-seq:
  *    cmp.to_r  ->  rational
  *
- * If the imaginary part is exactly 0, returns the real part as a Rational,
- * otherwise a RangeError is raised.
+ * Returns the value as a rational if possible (the imaginary part
+ * should be exactly zero).
+ *
+ *    Complex(1, 0).to_r    #=> (1/1)
+ *    Complex(1, 0.0).to_r  # RangeError
+ *    Complex(1, 2).to_r    # RangeError
+ *
+ * See rationalize.
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_to_r(VALUE self)
 {
     get_dat1(self);
 
-    if (k_inexact_p(dat->imag) || f_nonzero_p(dat->imag)) {
-	VALUE s = f_to_s(self);
-	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "can't convert %s into Rational",
-		 StringValuePtr(s));
+    if (!k_exact_zero_p(dat->imag)) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "can't convert %"PRIsVALUE" into Rational",
+		 self);
     }
     return f_to_r(dat->real);
 }
@@ -1361,22 +1653,42 @@ nucomp_to_r(VALUE self)
  * call-seq:
  *    cmp.rationalize([eps])  ->  rational
  *
- * If the imaginary part is exactly 0, returns the real part as a Rational,
- * otherwise a RangeError is raised.
+ * Returns the value as a rational if possible (the imaginary part
+ * should be exactly zero).
+ *
+ *    Complex(1.0/3, 0).rationalize  #=> (1/3)
+ *    Complex(1, 0.0).rationalize    # RangeError
+ *    Complex(1, 2).rationalize      # RangeError
+ *
+ * See to_r.
  */
 static VALUE
 nucomp_rationalize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
     get_dat1(self);
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", NULL);
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
 
-    if (k_inexact_p(dat->imag) || f_nonzero_p(dat->imag)) {
-       VALUE s = f_to_s(self);
-       rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "can't convert %s into Rational",
-                StringValuePtr(s));
+    if (!k_exact_zero_p(dat->imag)) {
+       rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "can't convert %"PRIsVALUE" into Rational",
+                self);
     }
-    return rb_funcall2(dat->real, rb_intern("rationalize"), argc, argv);
+    return rb_funcallv(dat->real, id_rationalize, argc, argv);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    complex.to_c  ->  self
+ *
+ * Returns self.
+ *
+ *    Complex(2).to_c      #=> (2+0i)
+ *    Complex(-8, 6).to_c  #=> (-8+6i)
+ */
+static VALUE
+nucomp_to_c(VALUE self)
+{
+    return self;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1403,159 +1715,302 @@ numeric_to_c(VALUE self)
     return rb_complex_new1(self);
 }
 
-static VALUE comp_pat0, comp_pat1, comp_pat2, a_slash, a_dot_and_an_e,
-    null_string, underscores_pat, an_underscore;
+inline static int
+issign(int c)
+{
+    return (c == '-' || c == '+');
+}
+
+static int
+read_sign(const char **s,
+	  char **b)
+{
+    int sign = '?';
 
-#define WS "\\s*"
-#define DIGITS "(?:[0-9](?:_[0-9]|[0-9])*)"
-#define NUMERATOR "(?:" DIGITS "?\\.)?" DIGITS "(?:[eE][-+]?" DIGITS ")?"
-#define DENOMINATOR DIGITS
-#define NUMBER "[-+]?" NUMERATOR "(?:\\/" DENOMINATOR ")?"
-#define NUMBERNOS NUMERATOR "(?:\\/" DENOMINATOR ")?"
-#define PATTERN0 "\\A" WS "(" NUMBER ")@(" NUMBER ")" WS
-#define PATTERN1 "\\A" WS "([-+])?(" NUMBER ")?[iIjJ]" WS
-#define PATTERN2 "\\A" WS "(" NUMBER ")(([-+])(" NUMBERNOS ")?[iIjJ])?" WS
+    if (issign(**s)) {
+	sign = **b = **s;
+	(*s)++;
+	(*b)++;
+    }
+    return sign;
+}
 
-static void
-make_patterns(void)
+inline static int
+isdecimal(int c)
 {
-    static const char comp_pat0_source[] = PATTERN0;
-    static const char comp_pat1_source[] = PATTERN1;
-    static const char comp_pat2_source[] = PATTERN2;
-    static const char underscores_pat_source[] = "_+";
+    return isdigit((unsigned char)c);
+}
 
-    if (comp_pat0) return;
+static int
+read_digits(const char **s, int strict,
+	    char **b)
+{
+    int us = 1;
 
-    comp_pat0 = rb_reg_new(comp_pat0_source, sizeof comp_pat0_source - 1, 0);
-    rb_gc_register_mark_object(comp_pat0);
+    if (!isdecimal(**s))
+	return 0;
 
-    comp_pat1 = rb_reg_new(comp_pat1_source, sizeof comp_pat1_source - 1, 0);
-    rb_gc_register_mark_object(comp_pat1);
+    while (isdecimal(**s) || **s == '_') {
+	if (**s == '_') {
+	    if (strict) {
+		if (us)
+		    return 0;
+	    }
+	    us = 1;
+	}
+	else {
+	    **b = **s;
+	    (*b)++;
+	    us = 0;
+	}
+	(*s)++;
+    }
+    if (us)
+	do {
+	    (*s)--;
+	} while (**s == '_');
+    return 1;
+}
 
-    comp_pat2 = rb_reg_new(comp_pat2_source, sizeof comp_pat2_source - 1, 0);
-    rb_gc_register_mark_object(comp_pat2);
+inline static int
+islettere(int c)
+{
+    return (c == 'e' || c == 'E');
+}
 
-    a_slash = rb_usascii_str_new2("/");
-    rb_gc_register_mark_object(a_slash);
+static int
+read_num(const char **s, int strict,
+	 char **b)
+{
+    if (**s != '.') {
+	if (!read_digits(s, strict, b))
+	    return 0;
+    }
 
-    a_dot_and_an_e = rb_usascii_str_new2(".eE");
-    rb_gc_register_mark_object(a_dot_and_an_e);
+    if (**s == '.') {
+	**b = **s;
+	(*s)++;
+	(*b)++;
+	if (!read_digits(s, strict, b)) {
+	    (*b)--;
+	    return 0;
+	}
+    }
 
-    null_string = rb_usascii_str_new2("");
-    rb_gc_register_mark_object(null_string);
+    if (islettere(**s)) {
+	**b = **s;
+	(*s)++;
+	(*b)++;
+	read_sign(s, b);
+	if (!read_digits(s, strict, b)) {
+	    (*b)--;
+	    return 0;
+	}
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
 
-    underscores_pat = rb_reg_new(underscores_pat_source,
-				 sizeof underscores_pat_source - 1, 0);
-    rb_gc_register_mark_object(underscores_pat);
+inline static int
+read_den(const char **s, int strict,
+	 char **b)
+{
+    if (!read_digits(s, strict, b))
+	return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
 
-    an_underscore = rb_usascii_str_new2("_");
-    rb_gc_register_mark_object(an_underscore);
+static int
+read_rat_nos(const char **s, int strict,
+	     char **b)
+{
+    if (!read_num(s, strict, b))
+	return 0;
+    if (**s == '/') {
+	**b = **s;
+	(*s)++;
+	(*b)++;
+	if (!read_den(s, strict, b)) {
+	    (*b)--;
+	    return 0;
+	}
+    }
+    return 1;
 }
 
-#define id_match rb_intern("match")
-#define f_match(x,y) rb_funcall((x), id_match, 1, (y))
+static int
+read_rat(const char **s, int strict,
+	 char **b)
+{
+    read_sign(s, b);
+    if (!read_rat_nos(s, strict, b))
+	return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
 
-#define id_gsub_bang rb_intern("gsub!")
-#define f_gsub_bang(x,y,z) rb_funcall((x), id_gsub_bang, 2, (y), (z))
+inline static int
+isimagunit(int c)
+{
+    return (c == 'i' || c == 'I' ||
+	    c == 'j' || c == 'J');
+}
 
 static VALUE
-string_to_c_internal(VALUE self)
+str2num(char *s)
 {
-    VALUE s;
+    if (strchr(s, '/'))
+	return rb_cstr_to_rat(s, 0);
+    if (strpbrk(s, ".eE"))
+	return DBL2NUM(rb_cstr_to_dbl(s, 0));
+    return rb_cstr_to_inum(s, 10, 0);
+}
+
+static int
+read_comp(const char **s, int strict,
+	  VALUE *ret, char **b)
+{
+    char *bb;
+    int sign;
+    VALUE num, num2;
 
-    s = self;
+    bb = *b;
 
-    if (RSTRING_LEN(s) == 0)
-	return rb_assoc_new(Qnil, self);
+    sign = read_sign(s, b);
 
-    {
-	VALUE m, sr, si, re, r, i;
-	int po;
-
-	m = f_match(comp_pat0, s);
-	if (!NIL_P(m)) {
-	    sr = rb_reg_nth_match(1, m);
-	    si = rb_reg_nth_match(2, m);
-	    re = rb_reg_match_post(m);
-	    po = 1;
-	}
-	if (NIL_P(m)) {
-	    m = f_match(comp_pat1, s);
-	    if (!NIL_P(m)) {
-		sr = Qnil;
-		si = rb_reg_nth_match(1, m);
-		if (NIL_P(si))
-		    si = rb_usascii_str_new2("");
-		{
-		    VALUE t;
-
-		    t = rb_reg_nth_match(2, m);
-		    if (NIL_P(t))
-			t = rb_usascii_str_new2("1");
-		    rb_str_concat(si, t);
-		}
-		re = rb_reg_match_post(m);
-		po = 0;
-	    }
+    if (isimagunit(**s)) {
+	(*s)++;
+	num = INT2FIX((sign == '-') ? -1 : + 1);
+	*ret = rb_complex_new2(ZERO, num);
+	return 1; /* e.g. "i" */
+    }
+
+    if (!read_rat_nos(s, strict, b)) {
+	**b = '\0';
+	num = str2num(bb);
+	*ret = rb_complex_new2(num, ZERO);
+	return 0; /* e.g. "-" */
+    }
+    **b = '\0';
+    num = str2num(bb);
+
+    if (isimagunit(**s)) {
+	(*s)++;
+	*ret = rb_complex_new2(ZERO, num);
+	return 1; /* e.g. "3i" */
+    }
+
+    if (**s == '@') {
+	int st;
+
+	(*s)++;
+	bb = *b;
+	st = read_rat(s, strict, b);
+	**b = '\0';
+	if (strlen(bb) < 1 ||
+	    !isdecimal(*(bb + strlen(bb) - 1))) {
+	    *ret = rb_complex_new2(num, ZERO);
+	    return 0; /* e.g. "1@-" */
 	}
-	if (NIL_P(m)) {
-	    m = f_match(comp_pat2, s);
-	    if (NIL_P(m))
-		return rb_assoc_new(Qnil, self);
-	    sr = rb_reg_nth_match(1, m);
-	    if (NIL_P(rb_reg_nth_match(2, m)))
-		si = Qnil;
-	    else {
-		VALUE t;
-
-		si = rb_reg_nth_match(3, m);
-		t = rb_reg_nth_match(4, m);
-		if (NIL_P(t))
-		    t = rb_usascii_str_new2("1");
-		rb_str_concat(si, t);
+	num2 = str2num(bb);
+	*ret = rb_complex_new_polar(num, num2);
+	if (!st)
+	    return 0; /* e.g. "1@2." */
+	else
+	    return 1; /* e.g. "1@2" */
+    }
+
+    if (issign(**s)) {
+	bb = *b;
+	sign = read_sign(s, b);
+	if (isimagunit(**s))
+	    num2 = INT2FIX((sign == '-') ? -1 : + 1);
+	else {
+	    if (!read_rat_nos(s, strict, b)) {
+		*ret = rb_complex_new2(num, ZERO);
+		return 0; /* e.g. "1+xi" */
 	    }
-	    re = rb_reg_match_post(m);
-	    po = 0;
+	    **b = '\0';
+	    num2 = str2num(bb);
 	}
-	r = INT2FIX(0);
-	i = INT2FIX(0);
-	if (!NIL_P(sr)) {
-	    if (strchr(RSTRING_PTR(sr), '/'))
-		r = f_to_r(sr);
-	    else if (strpbrk(RSTRING_PTR(sr), ".eE"))
-		r = f_to_f(sr);
-	    else
-		r = f_to_i(sr);
+	if (!isimagunit(**s)) {
+	    *ret = rb_complex_new2(num, ZERO);
+	    return 0; /* e.g. "1+3x" */
 	}
-	if (!NIL_P(si)) {
-	    if (strchr(RSTRING_PTR(si), '/'))
-		i = f_to_r(si);
-	    else if (strpbrk(RSTRING_PTR(si), ".eE"))
-		i = f_to_f(si);
-	    else
-		i = f_to_i(si);
-	}
-	if (po)
-	    return rb_assoc_new(rb_complex_polar(r, i), re);
-	else
-	    return rb_assoc_new(rb_complex_new2(r, i), re);
+	(*s)++;
+	*ret = rb_complex_new2(num, num2);
+	return 1; /* e.g. "1+2i" */
+    }
+    /* !(@, - or +) */
+    {
+	*ret = rb_complex_new2(num, ZERO);
+	return 1; /* e.g. "3" */
     }
 }
 
-static VALUE
-string_to_c_strict(VALUE self)
+inline static void
+skip_ws(const char **s)
+{
+    while (isspace((unsigned char)**s))
+	(*s)++;
+}
+
+static int
+parse_comp(const char *s, int strict, VALUE *num)
 {
-    VALUE a = string_to_c_internal(self);
-    if (NIL_P(RARRAY_PTR(a)[0]) || RSTRING_LEN(RARRAY_PTR(a)[1]) > 0) {
-	VALUE s = f_inspect(self);
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid value for convert(): %s",
-		 StringValuePtr(s));
+    char *buf, *b;
+    VALUE tmp;
+    int ret = 1;
+
+    buf = ALLOCV_N(char, tmp, strlen(s) + 1);
+    b = buf;
+
+    skip_ws(&s);
+    if (!read_comp(&s, strict, num, &b)) {
+        ret = 0;
     }
-    return RARRAY_PTR(a)[0];
+    else {
+        skip_ws(&s);
+
+        if (strict)
+            if (*s != '\0')
+                ret = 0;
+    }
+    ALLOCV_END(tmp);
+
+    return ret;
 }
 
-#define id_gsub rb_intern("gsub")
-#define f_gsub(x,y,z) rb_funcall((x), id_gsub, 2, (y), (z))
+static VALUE
+string_to_c_strict(VALUE self, int raise)
+{
+    char *s;
+    VALUE num;
+
+    rb_must_asciicompat(self);
+
+    s = RSTRING_PTR(self);
+
+    if (!s || memchr(s, '\0', RSTRING_LEN(self))) {
+        if (!raise) return Qnil;
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "string contains null byte");
+    }
+
+    if (s && s[RSTRING_LEN(self)]) {
+	rb_str_modify(self);
+	s = RSTRING_PTR(self);
+	s[RSTRING_LEN(self)] = '\0';
+    }
+
+    if (!s)
+	s = (char *)"";
+
+    if (!parse_comp(s, 1, &num)) {
+        if (!raise) return Qnil;
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid value for convert(): %+"PRIsVALUE,
+		 self);
+    }
+
+    return num;
+}
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
@@ -1566,8 +2021,6 @@ string_to_c_strict(VALUE self)
  * sequences can be separated by an underscore.  Returns zero for null
  * or garbage string.
  *
- * For example:
- *
  *    '9'.to_c           #=> (9+0i)
  *    '2.5'.to_c         #=> (2.5+0i)
  *    '2.5/1'.to_c       #=> ((5/2)+0i)
@@ -1579,62 +2032,58 @@ string_to_c_strict(VALUE self)
  *    '-0.0-0.0i'.to_c   #=> (-0.0-0.0i)
  *    '1/2+3/4i'.to_c    #=> ((1/2)+(3/4)*i)
  *    'ruby'.to_c        #=> (0+0i)
+ *
+ * See Kernel.Complex.
  */
 static VALUE
 string_to_c(VALUE self)
 {
-    VALUE s, a, backref;
+    char *s;
+    VALUE num;
 
-    backref = rb_backref_get();
-    rb_match_busy(backref);
+    rb_must_asciicompat(self);
 
-    s = f_gsub(self, underscores_pat, an_underscore);
-    a = string_to_c_internal(s);
+    s = RSTRING_PTR(self);
 
-    rb_backref_set(backref);
+    if (s && s[RSTRING_LEN(self)]) {
+	rb_str_modify(self);
+	s = RSTRING_PTR(self);
+	s[RSTRING_LEN(self)] = '\0';
+    }
 
-    if (!NIL_P(RARRAY_PTR(a)[0]))
-	return RARRAY_PTR(a)[0];
-    return rb_complex_new1(INT2FIX(0));
+    if (!s)
+	s = (char *)"";
+
+    (void)parse_comp(s, 0, &num);
+
+    return num;
 }
 
 static VALUE
-nucomp_s_convert(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
+to_complex(VALUE val)
 {
-    VALUE a1, a2, backref;
-
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &a1, &a2);
+    return rb_convert_type(val, T_COMPLEX, "Complex", "to_c");
+}
 
-    if (NIL_P(a1) || (argc == 2 && NIL_P(a2)))
+static VALUE
+nucomp_convert(VALUE klass, VALUE a1, VALUE a2, int raise)
+{
+    if (NIL_P(a1) || NIL_P(a2)) {
+        if (!raise) return Qnil;
 	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't convert nil into Complex");
-
-    backref = rb_backref_get();
-    rb_match_busy(backref);
-
-    switch (TYPE(a1)) {
-      case T_FIXNUM:
-      case T_BIGNUM:
-      case T_FLOAT:
-	break;
-      case T_STRING:
-	a1 = string_to_c_strict(a1);
-	break;
     }
 
-    switch (TYPE(a2)) {
-      case T_FIXNUM:
-      case T_BIGNUM:
-      case T_FLOAT:
-	break;
-      case T_STRING:
-	a2 = string_to_c_strict(a2);
-	break;
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(a1, T_STRING)) {
+	a1 = string_to_c_strict(a1, raise);
+        if (NIL_P(a1)) return Qnil;
     }
 
-    rb_backref_set(backref);
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(a2, T_STRING)) {
+	a2 = string_to_c_strict(a2, raise);
+        if (NIL_P(a2)) return Qnil;
+    }
 
-    switch (TYPE(a1)) {
-      case T_COMPLEX:
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(a1, T_COMPLEX)) {
 	{
 	    get_dat1(a1);
 
@@ -1643,8 +2092,7 @@ nucomp_s_convert(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 	}
     }
 
-    switch (TYPE(a2)) {
-      case T_COMPLEX:
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(a2, T_COMPLEX)) {
 	{
 	    get_dat1(a2);
 
@@ -1653,18 +2101,20 @@ nucomp_s_convert(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 	}
     }
 
-    switch (TYPE(a1)) {
-      case T_COMPLEX:
-	if (argc == 1 || (k_exact_zero_p(a2)))
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(a1, T_COMPLEX)) {
+	if (a2 == Qundef || (k_exact_zero_p(a2)))
 	    return a1;
     }
 
-    if (argc == 1) {
+    if (a2 == Qundef) {
 	if (k_numeric_p(a1) && !f_real_p(a1))
 	    return a1;
 	/* should raise exception for consistency */
-	if (!k_numeric_p(a1))
-	    return rb_convert_type(a1, T_COMPLEX, "Complex", "to_c");
+	if (!k_numeric_p(a1)) {
+            if (!raise)
+                return rb_protect(to_complex, a1, NULL);
+	    return to_complex(a1);
+        }
     }
     else {
 	if ((k_numeric_p(a1) && k_numeric_p(a2)) &&
@@ -1675,13 +2125,35 @@ nucomp_s_convert(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     }
 
     {
+        int argc;
 	VALUE argv2[2];
 	argv2[0] = a1;
-	argv2[1] = a2;
+        if (a2 == Qundef) {
+            argv2[1] = Qnil;
+            argc = 1;
+        }
+        else {
+            if (!raise && !RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(a2) && !RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(a2) && !RB_TYPE_P(a2, T_RATIONAL))
+                return Qnil;
+            argv2[1] = a2;
+            argc = 2;
+        }
 	return nucomp_s_new(argc, argv2, klass);
     }
 }
 
+static VALUE
+nucomp_s_convert(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
+{
+    VALUE a1, a2;
+
+    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &a1, &a2) == 1) {
+        a2 = Qundef;
+    }
+
+    return nucomp_convert(klass, a1, a2, TRUE);
+}
+
 /* --- */
 
 /*
@@ -1721,8 +2193,6 @@ numeric_abs2(VALUE self)
     return f_mul(self, self);
 }
 
-#define id_PI rb_intern("PI")
-
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    num.arg    ->  0 or float
@@ -1735,13 +2205,14 @@ static VALUE
 numeric_arg(VALUE self)
 {
     if (f_positive_p(self))
-	return INT2FIX(0);
-    return rb_const_get(rb_mMath, id_PI);
+        return INT2FIX(0);
+    return DBL2NUM(M_PI);
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    num.rect  ->  array
+ *    num.rectangular  ->  array
  *
  * Returns an array; [num, 0].
  */
@@ -1751,6 +2222,8 @@ numeric_rect(VALUE self)
     return rb_assoc_new(self, INT2FIX(0));
 }
 
+static VALUE float_arg(VALUE self);
+
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    num.polar  ->  array
@@ -1760,7 +2233,25 @@ numeric_rect(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 numeric_polar(VALUE self)
 {
-    return rb_assoc_new(f_abs(self), f_arg(self));
+    VALUE abs, arg;
+
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(self)) {
+        abs = rb_int_abs(self);
+        arg = numeric_arg(self);
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(self)) {
+        abs = rb_float_abs(self);
+        arg = float_arg(self);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(self, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        abs = rb_rational_abs(self);
+        arg = numeric_arg(self);
+    }
+    else {
+        abs = f_abs(self);
+        arg = f_arg(self);
+    }
+    return rb_assoc_new(abs, arg);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1800,9 +2291,10 @@ float_arg(VALUE self)
  * and i is imaginary unit.  Real a equals complex a+0i
  * mathematically.
  *
- * In ruby, you can create complex object with Complex, Complex::rect,
- * Complex::polar or to_c method.
+ * Complex object can be created as literal, and also by using
+ * Kernel#Complex, Complex::rect, Complex::polar or to_c method.
  *
+ *    2+1i                 #=> (2+1i)
  *    Complex(1)           #=> (1+0i)
  *    Complex(2, 3)        #=> (2+3i)
  *    Complex.polar(2, 3)  #=> (-1.9799849932008908+0.2822400161197344i)
@@ -1829,47 +2321,25 @@ float_arg(VALUE self)
 void
 Init_Complex(void)
 {
-#undef rb_intern
-#define rb_intern(str) rb_intern_const(str)
-
-    assert(fprintf(stderr, "assert() is now active\n"));
-
-    id_abs = rb_intern("abs");
-    id_abs2 = rb_intern("abs2");
-    id_arg = rb_intern("arg");
-    id_cmp = rb_intern("<=>");
-    id_conj = rb_intern("conj");
-    id_convert = rb_intern("convert");
-    id_denominator = rb_intern("denominator");
-    id_divmod = rb_intern("divmod");
-    id_eqeq_p = rb_intern("==");
-    id_expt = rb_intern("**");
-    id_fdiv = rb_intern("fdiv");
-    id_floor = rb_intern("floor");
-    id_idiv = rb_intern("div");
-    id_imag = rb_intern("imag");
-    id_inspect = rb_intern("inspect");
-    id_negate = rb_intern("-@");
-    id_numerator = rb_intern("numerator");
-    id_quo = rb_intern("quo");
-    id_real = rb_intern("real");
-    id_real_p = rb_intern("real?");
-    id_to_f = rb_intern("to_f");
-    id_to_i = rb_intern("to_i");
-    id_to_r = rb_intern("to_r");
-    id_to_s = rb_intern("to_s");
+    VALUE compat;
+    id_abs = rb_intern_const("abs");
+    id_arg = rb_intern_const("arg");
+    id_denominator = rb_intern_const("denominator");
+    id_numerator = rb_intern_const("numerator");
+    id_real_p = rb_intern_const("real?");
+    id_i_real = rb_intern_const("@real");
+    id_i_imag = rb_intern_const("@image"); /* @image, not @imag */
+    id_finite_p = rb_intern_const("finite?");
+    id_infinite_p = rb_intern_const("infinite?");
+    id_rationalize = rb_intern_const("rationalize");
+    id_PI = rb_intern_const("PI");
 
     rb_cComplex = rb_define_class("Complex", rb_cNumeric);
 
     rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cComplex, nucomp_s_alloc);
     rb_undef_method(CLASS_OF(rb_cComplex), "allocate");
 
-#if 0
-    rb_define_private_method(CLASS_OF(rb_cComplex), "new!", nucomp_s_new_bang, -1);
-    rb_define_private_method(CLASS_OF(rb_cComplex), "new", nucomp_s_new, -1);
-#else
     rb_undef_method(CLASS_OF(rb_cComplex), "new");
-#endif
 
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cComplex, "rectangular", nucomp_s_new, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cComplex, "rect", nucomp_s_new, -1);
@@ -1877,13 +2347,8 @@ Init_Complex(void)
 
     rb_define_global_function("Complex", nucomp_f_complex, -1);
 
+    rb_undef_methods_from(rb_cComplex, RCLASS_ORIGIN(rb_mComparable));
     rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "%");
-    rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "<");
-    rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "<=");
-    rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "<=>");
-    rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, ">");
-    rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, ">=");
-    rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "between?");
     rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "div");
     rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "divmod");
     rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "floor");
@@ -1895,47 +2360,36 @@ Init_Complex(void)
     rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "truncate");
     rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "i");
 
-#if 0 /* NUBY */
-    rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "//");
-#endif
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "real", rb_complex_real, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "imaginary", rb_complex_imag, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "imag", rb_complex_imag, 0);
 
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "real", nucomp_real, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "imaginary", nucomp_imag, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "imag", nucomp_imag, 0);
-
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "-@", nucomp_negate, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "+", nucomp_add, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "-", nucomp_sub, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "*", nucomp_mul, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "/", nucomp_div, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "-@", rb_complex_uminus, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "+", rb_complex_plus, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "-", rb_complex_minus, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "*", rb_complex_mul, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "/", rb_complex_div, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "quo", nucomp_quo, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "fdiv", nucomp_fdiv, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "**", nucomp_expt, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "**", rb_complex_pow, 1);
 
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "==", nucomp_eqeq_p, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "<=>", nucomp_cmp, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "coerce", nucomp_coerce, 1);
 
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "abs", nucomp_abs, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "magnitude", nucomp_abs, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "abs", rb_complex_abs, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "magnitude", rb_complex_abs, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "abs2", nucomp_abs2, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "arg", nucomp_arg, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "angle", nucomp_arg, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "phase", nucomp_arg, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "arg", rb_complex_arg, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "angle", rb_complex_arg, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "phase", rb_complex_arg, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "rectangular", nucomp_rect, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "rect", nucomp_rect, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "polar", nucomp_polar, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "conjugate", nucomp_conj, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "conj", nucomp_conj, 0);
-#if 0
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "~", nucomp_conj, 0); /* gcc */
-#endif
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "conjugate", rb_complex_conjugate, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "conj", rb_complex_conjugate, 0);
 
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "real?", nucomp_false, 0);
-#if 0
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "complex?", nucomp_true, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "exact?", nucomp_exact_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "inexact?", nucomp_inexact_p, 0);
-#endif
 
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "numerator", nucomp_numerator, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "denominator", nucomp_denominator, 0);
@@ -1946,8 +2400,17 @@ Init_Complex(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "to_s", nucomp_to_s, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "inspect", nucomp_inspect, 0);
 
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "marshal_dump", nucomp_marshal_dump, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "marshal_load", nucomp_marshal_load, 1);
+    rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "positive?");
+    rb_undef_method(rb_cComplex, "negative?");
+
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "finite?", rb_complex_finite_p, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "infinite?", rb_complex_infinite_p, 0);
+
+    rb_define_private_method(rb_cComplex, "marshal_dump", nucomp_marshal_dump, 0);
+    /* :nodoc: */
+    compat = rb_define_class_under(rb_cComplex, "compatible", rb_cObject);
+    rb_define_private_method(compat, "marshal_load", nucomp_marshal_load, 1);
+    rb_marshal_define_compat(rb_cComplex, compat, nucomp_dumper, nucomp_loader);
 
     /* --- */
 
@@ -1955,11 +2418,10 @@ Init_Complex(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "to_f", nucomp_to_f, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "to_r", nucomp_to_r, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "rationalize", nucomp_rationalize, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cComplex, "to_c", nucomp_to_c, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cNilClass, "to_c", nilclass_to_c, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cNumeric, "to_c", numeric_to_c, 0);
 
-    make_patterns();
-
     rb_define_method(rb_cString, "to_c", string_to_c, 0);
 
     rb_define_private_method(CLASS_OF(rb_cComplex), "convert", nucomp_s_convert, -1);
@@ -1983,12 +2445,15 @@ Init_Complex(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cFloat, "angle", float_arg, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cFloat, "phase", float_arg, 0);
 
+    /*
+     * The imaginary unit.
+     */
     rb_define_const(rb_cComplex, "I",
 		    f_complex_new_bang2(rb_cComplex, ZERO, ONE));
-}
 
-/*
-Local variables:
-c-file-style: "ruby"
-End:
-*/
+#if !USE_FLONUM
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(RFLOAT_0 = DBL2NUM(0.0));
+#endif
+
+    rb_provide("complex.so");	/* for backward compatibility */
+}
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28fdfefbbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -0,0 +1,4262 @@
+dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
+AC_INIT
+{
+AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR(tool)
+
+AC_PREREQ(2.67)
+
+tooldir="$srcdir/tool"
+
+AC_DISABLE_OPTION_CHECKING
+
+m4_include([tool/m4/_colorize_result_prepare.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ac_msg_result.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/colorize_result.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_append_option.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_append_options.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_builtin_func.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_builtin_setjmp.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_printf_prefix.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_setjmp.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_signedness.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_sizeof.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_check_sysconf.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_cppoutfile.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_decl_attribute.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_default_arch.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_define_if.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_defint.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_dtrace_available.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_dtrace_postprocess.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_func_attribute.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_mingw32.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_prepend_option.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_prog_gnu_ld.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_replace_funcs.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_replace_type.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_rm_recursive.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_setjmp_type.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_stack_grow_direction.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_try_cflags.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_try_cxxflags.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_try_ldflags.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_universal_arch.m4])
+m4_include([tool/m4/ruby_werror_flag.m4])
+
+AC_ARG_VAR([cflags], [additional CFLAGS (ignored when CFLAGS is given)])
+AC_ARG_VAR([cppflags], [additional CPPFLAGS (ignored when CPPFLAGS is given)])
+AC_ARG_VAR([cxxflags], [additional CXXFLAGS (ignored when CXXFLAGS is given)])
+
+: "environment section" && {
+HAVE_BASERUBY=yes
+BASERUBY_VERSION=
+AC_ARG_WITH(baseruby,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-baseruby=RUBY], [use RUBY as baseruby; RUBY is the pathname of ruby]),
+	[AS_CASE(["$withval"],
+	    [*ruby*],[BASERUBY=$withval],
+	    [no],[HAVE_BASERUBY=no],
+	    [AC_MSG_ERROR(need ruby)])
+	],
+	[
+		AC_PATH_PROG([BASERUBY], [ruby], [false])
+	])
+AS_IF([test "$HAVE_BASERUBY" != no -a "`RUBYOPT=- $BASERUBY --disable=gems -e 'print 42 if RUBY_VERSION > "2.2"' 2>/dev/null`" = 42], [
+    BASERUBY="$BASERUBY --disable=gems"
+    BASERUBY_VERSION=`$BASERUBY -v`
+    $BASERUBY -C "$srcdir" tool/downloader.rb -d tool -e gnu config.guess config.sub >&AS_MESSAGE_FD
+], [
+    BASERUBY="echo executable host ruby is required.  use --with-baseruby option.; false"
+    HAVE_BASERUBY=no
+])
+AC_SUBST(BASERUBY)
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_BASERUBY)
+
+: ${GIT=git}
+HAVE_GIT=yes
+AC_ARG_WITH(git,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--without-git], [never use git]),
+	[AS_CASE([$withval],
+	    [no],  [GIT=never-use HAVE_GIT=no],
+	    [yes], [],
+	    [GIT=$withval])])
+AS_IF([test x"$HAVE_GIT" = xyes], [command -v "$GIT" > /dev/null || HAVE_GIT=no])
+AC_SUBST(GIT)
+AC_SUBST(HAVE_GIT)
+
+eval `sed -n -e ['s/^@%:@define RUBY_[A-Z_]*VERSION_\([A-Z][A-Z][A-Z_0-9]*\) \([0-9][0-9]*\)$/\1=\2/p'] \
+      -e ['s/^@%:@define \(RUBY_PATCHLEVEL\) \(.*\)/\1=\2/p'] \
+     $srcdir/include/ruby/version.h $srcdir/version.h`
+for v in MAJOR MINOR TEENY; do
+    AS_IF([eval "test \"\$$v\" = ''"], [
+	AC_MSG_ERROR(could not determine $v number from version.h)
+    ])
+done
+AC_SUBST(MAJOR)
+AC_SUBST(MINOR)
+AC_SUBST(TEENY)
+AC_SUBST(RUBY_API_VERSION, '$(MAJOR).$(MINOR)')
+AC_SUBST(RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION, '$(MAJOR).$(MINOR).$(TEENY)')
+
+AS_IF([test "$program_prefix" = NONE], [
+  program_prefix=
+])
+AS_IF([test "$prefix" -ef .], [
+  AC_MSG_ERROR(--prefix cannot be the current working directory.)
+])
+RUBY_BASE_NAME=`echo ruby | sed "$program_transform_name"`
+RUBYW_BASE_NAME=`echo rubyw | sed "$program_transform_name"`
+AC_SUBST(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
+AC_SUBST(RUBYW_BASE_NAME)
+AC_SUBST(RUBY_VERSION_NAME, '${RUBY_BASE_NAME}-${ruby_version}')
+
+dnl checks for alternative programs
+AC_CANONICAL_BUILD
+AC_CANONICAL_HOST
+AC_CANONICAL_TARGET
+AC_ARG_PROGRAM
+RUBY_RM_RECURSIVE
+AC_ARG_WITH(gcc,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--without-gcc], [never use gcc]),
+	[
+	AS_CASE([$withval],
+	    [no],  [: ${CC=cc}],
+	    [yes], [: ${CC=gcc}],
+	           [CC=$withval])])
+dnl If the user switches compilers, we can't believe the cache
+AS_IF([test ! -z "$ac_cv_prog_CC" -a ! -z "$CC" -a "$CC" != "$ac_cv_prog_CC"], [
+  AC_MSG_ERROR(cached CC is different -- throw away $cache_file
+(it is also a good idea to do 'make clean' before compiling))
+])
+AS_CASE(["${build_os}"], [linux*|cygwin*], [
+    AC_CHECK_TOOLS([CC], [gcc clang cc])
+], [
+    # OpenBSD wants to prefer cc over gcc.
+    # See https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/2443
+    AC_CHECK_TOOLS([CC], [cl.exe clang cc gcc c99 /usr/ucb/cc])
+])
+
+AC_ARG_VAR([AR],       [Archiver command])
+AC_ARG_VAR([AS],       [Assembler command])
+AC_ARG_VAR([CC],       [C compiler command])
+AC_ARG_VAR([CXX],      [C++ compiler command])
+AC_ARG_VAR([LD],       [Linker command])
+AC_ARG_VAR([NM],       [Symbol list command])
+AC_ARG_VAR([OBJCOPY],  [Objcopy command])
+AC_ARG_VAR([OBJDUMP],  [Objdump command])
+AC_ARG_VAR([RANLIB],   [Ranlib command])
+AC_ARG_VAR([STRIP],    [Strip command])
+
+# We don't want to bother things like `ccache gcc`, `clang -shared-libgcc`, ...
+set rb_dummy ${CC}
+rb_CC=$2
+AS_CASE(["/${rb_CC} "],
+[*@<:@\ /@:>@"cc "*], [
+    # Don't try g++/clang++ when CC=cc
+    AC_CHECK_TOOLS([CXX],    [cl.exe CC c++])
+],
+[*icc*],              [
+    # Intel C++ has interprocedural optimizations.  It tends to come with its
+    # own linker etc.
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([AR],      [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/icc/xiar/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([CXX],     [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/icc/icpc/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([LD],      [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/icc/xild/`])
+],
+[*gcc*],              [
+    # Dito for GCC.
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([LD],      [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/gcc/ld/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([AR],      [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/gcc/gcc-ar/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([CXX],     [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/gcc/g++/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([NM],      [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/gcc/gcc-nm/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([RANLIB],  [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/gcc/gcc-ranlib/`])
+],
+[*clang*],            [
+    # Dito for LLVM.  Note however that llvm-as is a LLVM-IR to LLVM bitcode
+    # assembler that does not target your machine native binary.
+    : ${LD:="${CC}"}         # ... try -fuse-ld=lld ?
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([AR],      [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/clang/llvm-ar/`])
+#   AC_CHECK_TOOL([AS],      [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/clang/llvm-as/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([CXX],     [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/clang/clang++/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([NM],      [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/clang/llvm-nm/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([OBJCOPY], [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/clang/llvm-objcopy/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([OBJDUMP], [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/clang/llvm-objdump/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([RANLIB],  [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/clang/llvm-ranlib/`])
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL([STRIP],   [`echo "${rb_CC}" | sed s/clang/llvm-strip/`])
+])
+AS_UNSET(rb_CC)
+AS_UNSET(rb_dummy)
+
+AS_CASE(["${build_os}"],
+[solaris*], [
+    AC_PATH_TOOL([LD], [ld], [/usr/ccs/bin/ld], [/usr/ccs/bin:$PATH])
+],
+[aix*], [
+    AC_PATH_TOOL([NM], [nm], [/usr/ccs/bin/nm], [/usr/ccs/bin:$PATH])
+])
+AS_CASE(["${target_os}"],
+[cygwin*|mingw*], [
+    ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_OBJCOPY=":"
+])
+
+rb_test_CFLAGS=${CFLAGS+yes}
+rb_test_CXXFLAGS=${CXXFLAGS+yes}
+
+# BSD's ports and MacPorts prefix GNU binutils with 'g'
+
+dnl Seems necessarily in order to add -std=gnu99 option for gcc 4.9.
+m4_version_prereq([2.70], [], [AC_PROG_CC_C99])
+
+AC_PROG_CXX
+AC_PROG_CPP
+AC_PROG_RANLIB
+AC_CHECK_TOOLS([AR],      [gar ar])
+AC_CHECK_TOOLS([AS],      [gas as])
+AC_CHECK_TOOLS([LD],      [gld ld]) # ... try gold ?
+AC_CHECK_TOOLS([NM],      [gnm nm])
+AC_CHECK_TOOLS([OBJCOPY], [gobjcopy objcopy])
+AC_CHECK_TOOLS([OBJDUMP], [gobjdump objdump])
+AC_CHECK_TOOLS([STRIP],   [gstrip strip], [:])
+
+AS_IF([test ! $rb_test_CFLAGS], [AS_UNSET(CFLAGS)]); AS_UNSET(rb_test_CFLAGS)
+AS_IF([test ! $rb_test_CXXFLAGS], [AS_UNSET(CXXFLAGS)]); AS_UNSET(rb_save_CXXFLAGS)
+
+AS_IF([test "${CXX}" = "g++" -a -z "${GXX}"], [
+    # AC_PROG_CXX sets $CXX to "g++" when it purposefully finds that there is
+    # _no_ g++.  This brain-damaged design must be worked around.  Thankfully,
+    # similar thing doesn't happen for AC_PROG_CC.
+    rb_there_is_in_fact_no_gplusplus_but_autoconf_is_cheating_us=true
+])
+
+test x"$target_alias" = x &&
+target_os=`echo $target_os | sed 's/linux-gnu$/linux/;s/linux-gnu/linux-/'`
+ac_install_sh='' # unusable for extension libraries.
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(os-version-style,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-os-version-style=TYPE],
+		       [OS version number for target and target_os [[full]]]
+		       [(full|teeny|minor+0|minor|major+0|major|none)]),
+	[os_version_style=$withval],
+	[os_version_style=full
+	    AS_CASE($target_os, [[*[0-9].*]],
+		[AS_CASE([`/usr/bin/ruby -e 'puts RUBY_PLATFORM' 2>/dev/null`],
+		    [[*-*[0-9].*.0]], [os_version_style=minor+0],
+		    [[*-*[0-9].*.*]], [os_version_style=full],
+		    [[*-*[0-9].0]  ], [os_version_style=major+0],
+		    [[*-*[0-9].*]  ], [os_version_style=minor],
+		    [[*-*[0-9]]    ], [os_version_style=major],
+		)])
+	])
+os_version_style_transform=
+AS_CASE("${os_version_style}",
+	[full|teeny], [],
+	[minor+0], [os_version_style_transform=['s/\([0-9]\.[0-9][0-9]*\)\.[0-9][.0-9]*$/\1.0/']],
+	[minor],   [os_version_style_transform=['s/\([0-9]\.[0-9][0-9]*\)\.[0-9][.0-9]*$/\1/']],
+	[major+0], [os_version_style_transform=['s/\([0-9]\)\.[0-9][.0-9]*$/\1.0/']],
+	[major],   [os_version_style_transform=['s/\([0-9]\)\.[0-9][.0-9]*$/\1/']],
+	[none],    [os_version_style_transform=['s/[0-9]*\.[0-9][.0-9]*$//']],
+	[AC_MSG_ERROR(unknown --with-os-version-style: $withval)])
+AS_IF([test -z "$target_alias" -a -n "$os_version_style_transform"],
+	[
+	target=`echo ${target} | sed "$os_version_style_transform"`
+	target_os=`echo ${target_os} | sed "$os_version_style_transform"`
+	])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(arch,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-arch=ARCHS],
+		       [build an Apple/NeXT Multi Architecture Binary (MAB);
+                          ARCHS is a comma-delimited list of architectures for
+                          which to build; if this option is disabled or omitted
+			  entirely, then the package will be built only for the
+			  target platform]),
+       [target_archs="$withval"], [unset target_archs])
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(load-relative,
+       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-load-relative], [resolve load paths at run time]),
+       [load_relative=$enableval])
+
+# checks for UNIX variants that set C preprocessor variables
+AC_USE_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS
+
+dnl Checks for programs.
+
+cflagspat=
+test -z "$optflags" ||
+    cflagspat="$cflagspat;s|"`eval echo '"'"${optflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^ */ /;s/ *$/ /'`'| |g'
+test -z "$debugflags" ||
+    cflagspat="$cflagspat;s|"`eval echo '"'"${debugflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^ */ /;s/ *$/ /'`'| |g'
+test -z "$warnflags" ||
+    cflagspat="$cflagspat;s|"`eval echo '"'"${warnflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^ */ /;s/ *$/ /'`'| |g'
+AS_IF([test -z "${CFLAGS+set}"], [
+    cflags=`echo " $cflags " | sed "$cflagspat;s/^ *//;s/ *$//"`
+    orig_cflags="$cflags"
+    cflags="$cflags "'${optflags} ${debugflags} ${warnflags}'
+])
+dnl AS_IF([test -z "${CXXFLAGS+set}"], [
+dnl     cxxflags=`echo " $cxxflags " | sed "$cflagspat;s/^ *//;s/ *$//"`
+dnl     orig_cxxflags="$cxxflags"
+dnl     cxxflags="$cxxflags "'${optflags} ${debugflags} ${warnflags}'
+dnl ])
+
+AS_CASE(["$host_os:$build_os"],
+[darwin*:darwin*], [
+    # Following Apple deployed clang are broken
+    # clang version 1.0 (http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/tags/Apple/clang-23 exported)
+    # Apple clang version 2.0 (tags/Apple/clang-137) (based on LLVM 2.9svn)
+    # Apple clang version 2.1 (tags/Apple/clang-163.7.1) (based on LLVM 3.0svn)
+    AC_PREPROC_IFELSE(
+	[AC_LANG_PROGRAM([
+	    @%:@if defined __APPLE_CC__ && defined __clang_major__ && __clang_major__ < 3
+	    @%:@error premature clang
+	    @%:@endif
+	])],
+	[],
+	[AC_MSG_ERROR([clang version 3.0 or later is required])])
+])
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+[darwin*], [
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING(if minimum required OS X version is supported)
+    AC_PREPROC_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[@%:@include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
+	@%:@if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < __MAC_10_5
+	@%:@error pre OS X 10.5
+	[!<===== pre OS X 10.5 =====>]
+	@%:@endif
+	]])],
+	[macosx_min_required=yes],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT(no)
+	AC_MSG_ERROR([Unsupported OS X version is required])])
+    AC_MSG_RESULT(${macosx_min_required})
+])
+
+RUBY_MINGW32
+AC_SUBST(GCC)
+AC_SUBST(LD)
+AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+    linker_flag=-Wl,
+    : ${optflags=-O3}
+    gcc_major=`echo =__GNUC__ | $CC -E -xc - | sed '/^=/!d;s///'`
+    gcc_minor=`echo =__GNUC_MINOR__ | $CC -E -xc - | sed '/^=/!d;s///'`
+    test -n "$gcc_major" || gcc_major=0
+    test -n "$gcc_minor" || gcc_minor=0
+    icc_version=`echo =__ICC | $CC -E -xc - | sed '/^=/!d;s///;/^__ICC/d'`
+    test -n "$icc_version" || icc_version=0
+    # RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(XCFLAGS, ["-include ruby/config.h" "-include ruby/missing.h"])
+], [
+    linker_flag=
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes -a "$gcc_major" -lt 3 ], [
+    AC_MSG_ERROR([too old GCC])
+])
+
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([if thread-local storage is supported], [rb_cv_tls_supported],
+    [AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[int __thread conftest;]])],
+        [rb_cv_tls_supported=yes],
+        [rb_cv_tls_supported=no])])
+AS_IF([test x"$rb_cv_tls_supported" != xyes],
+    [AC_DEFINE(RB_THREAD_LOCAL_SPECIFIER_IS_UNSUPPORTED)])
+
+RUBY_PROG_GNU_LD
+RUBY_CPPOUTFILE
+
+: ${OUTFLAG='-o '}
+: ${COUTFLAG=${OUTFLAG}}
+: ${CSRCFLAG=''}
+AC_SUBST(OUTFLAG)
+AC_SUBST(COUTFLAG)
+AC_SUBST(CSRCFLAG)
+
+: ${MJIT_CC=$CC}
+AS_IF([test "x$cross_compiling" = xno], [
+    AC_PATH_PROG([MJIT_CC], ${MJIT_CC})
+
+    # if $CC is in /usr/lib/ccache/$CC, search original $CC (disable ccache)
+    AS_IF([echo $RUBY_DEBUG | grep ci > /dev/null &&
+           echo $MJIT_CC | grep ^/usr/lib/ccache > /dev/null], [
+           PATH=`echo $PATH | sed "s/\/usr\/lib\/ccache://"` MJIT_CC=`which $CC`])
+
+    AS_CASE([$target_os],
+	[*mingw*], [command -v cygpath > /dev/null && MJIT_CC=`cygpath -ma $MJIT_CC`])
+    shift 2
+    MJIT_CC="$MJIT_CC${1+ }$*"
+])
+
+AS_CASE(["$build_os"],
+  [darwin1*.*], [
+    # Xcode linker warns for deprecated architecture and wrongly
+    # installed TBD files.
+    CC_WRAPPER=""
+    echo 'int main(void) {return 0;}' > conftest.c
+    AS_IF([$CC -framework Foundation -o conftest conftest.c 2>&1 |
+	   grep '^ld: warning: text-based stub file' >/dev/null], [
+	CC_WRAPPER=`cd -P "${tooldir}" && pwd`/darwin-cc
+	CC="$CC_WRAPPER $CC"
+    ])
+    rm -fr conftest*
+  ])
+
+cc_version=
+for option in --version -v -V -qversion; do
+    cc_version_message=`$CC $option 2>&1`
+    cc_version_status=$?
+    AS_CASE($cc_version_status, [0], [:], [continue])
+    AS_CASE($cc_version_message, [*Warning*], [continue])
+    cc_version='$(CC) '$option
+    break
+done
+AC_SUBST(CC_VERSION, $cc_version)
+AC_SUBST(CC_VERSION_MESSAGE, $cc_version_message)
+
+: ${DLDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS"}
+
+RUBY_UNIVERSAL_ARCH
+AS_IF([test "$target_cpu" != "$host_cpu" -a "$GCC" = yes -a "$cross_compiling" = no -a "${universal_binary:-no}" = no], [
+    RUBY_DEFAULT_ARCH("$target_cpu")
+])
+host_os=$target_os
+host_vendor=$target_vendor
+host_cpu=$target_cpu
+host=$target
+host_alias=$target_alias
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([for $AR flags], [rb_cv_arflags], [
+    AS_IF([$AR rcD conftest.a > /dev/null 2>&1 && rm conftest.a],
+	[rb_cv_arflags=rcD], [rb_cv_arflags=rcu])
+])
+AC_SUBST(ARFLAGS, ["$rb_cv_arflags "])
+AC_SUBST(ASFLAGS)
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+[cygwin*|mingw*], [
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL(WINDRES, windres)
+    AC_CHECK_TOOL(DLLWRAP, dllwrap)
+    target=`echo $target | sed "s/^$target_cpu-/-/"`
+    target_alias=`echo $target_alias | sed "s/^$target_cpu-/-/"`
+    target_cpu=`echo $target_cpu | sed s/i.86/i386/`
+    AS_CASE(["$target"], [-*], [ target="$target_cpu${target}"])
+    AS_CASE(["$target_alias"], [-*], [ target_alias="$target_cpu${target_alias}"])
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [mingw*], [
+	test "$rb_cv_msvcrt" = "" && unset rb_cv_msvcrt
+	AC_CACHE_CHECK(for mingw32 runtime DLL, rb_cv_msvcrt, [
+	AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <stdio.h>]],
+		    [[FILE* volatile f = stdin; return 0;]])],
+		    [rb_cv_msvcrt=`$OBJDUMP -p conftest$ac_exeext |
+				   tr A-Z a-z |
+				   sed -n '/^[[ 	]]*dll name: \(msvc.*\)\.dll$/{s//\1/p;q;}'`],
+		    [rb_cv_msvcrt=msvcrt])
+	test "$rb_cv_msvcrt" = "" && rb_cv_msvcrt=msvcrt])
+	RT_VER=`echo "$rb_cv_msvcrt" | tr -cd [0-9]`
+	test "$RT_VER" = "" && RT_VER=60
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_MSVCRT_VERSION, $RT_VER)
+	sysconfdir=
+    ])
+    : ${enable_shared=yes}
+    ],
+[hiuxmpp*], [AC_DEFINE(__HIUX_MPP__)])    # by TOYODA Eizi <toyoda@npd.kishou.go.jp>
+
+AC_PROG_LN_S
+AC_PROG_MAKE_SET
+AC_PROG_INSTALL
+AC_PROG_MKDIR_P
+AS_IF([test "x$MKDIR_P" = "x -d"], [
+  AS_IF([test x"$as_mkdir_p" != xfalse], [
+    MKDIR_P='mkdir -p'
+    echo "use 'mkdir -p' as MKDIR_P"
+  ], [
+    AC_MSG_ERROR([mkdir -p is required])
+  ])
+])
+MAKEDIRS="$MKDIR_P"
+AC_SUBST(MAKEDIRS)
+
+AC_CHECK_PROG([DTRACE], [${ac_tool_prefix}dtrace], [${ac_tool_prefix}dtrace])
+AS_IF([test "$cross_compiling:$ac_cv_prog_DTRACE" = no: -a -n "$ac_tool_prefix"], [
+    AC_CHECK_PROG([DTRACE], [dtrace], [dtrace])
+])
+
+AC_CHECK_PROGS(DOT, dot)
+AC_CHECK_PROGS(DOXYGEN, doxygen)
+
+for prog in ${ac_tool_prefix:+${ac_tool_prefix}pkg-config} pkg-config; do
+    AC_CHECK_PROG(PKG_CONFIG, $prog, [$prog], [], [],
+        [`"$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" --print-errors --version > /dev/null 2>&1 || echo "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"`])
+    test -z "${PKG_CONFIG}" || break
+done
+
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether it is Android])
+AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+	@%:@ifdef __ANDROID__
+	@%:@error android
+	@%:@endif
+]], [[]])],
+[AC_MSG_RESULT(no)],
+[
+	AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)
+	target_os=${target_os}-android
+	AC_MSG_CHECKING([for Android API version])
+        # hacky workaround: https://github.com/termux/termux-packages/issues/6176
+        rb_android_api=`getprop ro.build.version.sdk`
+        AC_MSG_RESULT($rb_android_api)
+        RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CPPFLAGS, -D__ANDROID_API__=$rb_android_api -Wno-macro-redefined)
+])
+
+AC_SUBST(RM, ['rm -f'])
+AC_SUBST(CP, ['cp'])
+RMDIRS='$(top_srcdir)/tool/rmdirs'
+RMDIR=rmdir
+mkdir "rmdirs_$$_test" "rmdirs_$$_test/a"
+rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty "rmdirs_$$_test" 2>/dev/null &&
+RMDIR='rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty'
+$RMDIR -p "rmdirs_$$_test/a" 2>/dev/null &&
+{ test -d "rmdirs_$$_test" || RMDIRS="$RMDIR -p"; }
+rmdir "rmdirs_$$_test/a" "rmdirs_$$_test" 2>/dev/null
+AC_SUBST(RMDIR)
+AC_SUBST(RMDIRS)
+AC_SUBST(RMALL, ['rm -fr'])
+
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([for cd using physical directory])
+rm -fr conf$$.dir
+mkdir conf$$.dir &&
+(cd conf$$.dir && mkdir src build && cd src &&
+$as_ln_s ../build . > /dev/null 2>&1 && cd build &&
+for chdir in 'cd -P' 'PWD= cd'; do
+    /bin/sh -c "$chdir ../src && echo '$chdir' > cdcmd" 2> /dev/null && break
+done)
+AS_IF([test -f conf$$.dir/src/cdcmd], [
+    read CHDIR < conf$$.dir/src/cdcmd 2> /dev/null
+], [
+    CHDIR=cd
+])
+rm -fr conf$$.dir
+AC_MSG_RESULT([$CHDIR])
+AC_SUBST(CHDIR)
+}
+
+: "compiler section" && {
+RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether CFLAGS is valid])
+    AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]], [[]])],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)],
+	[
+	AC_MSG_RESULT(no)
+	AC_MSG_ERROR([something wrong with CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"])
+	]
+    )
+
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether LDFLAGS is valid])
+    {
+	mkdir tmp.$$.try_link &&
+	cd tmp.$$.try_link &&
+	cp ../confdefs.h . &&
+	echo '<?xml?><plist><dict><key>CFBundleIdentifier</key><string></string></dict></plist>' > Info.plist &&
+	:
+    } || AC_MSG_ERROR([failed to make temporary directory])
+    AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]], [[]])],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)],
+	[
+	cd .. && rm -fr tmp.$$.try_link
+	AC_MSG_RESULT(no)
+	AC_MSG_ERROR([something wrong with LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS"])
+	]
+    )
+    cd .. && rm -fr tmp.$$.try_link
+])
+
+: ${RPATHFLAG=''}
+rpathflag=''
+AS_IF([test x"${RPATHFLAG}" = x], [
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+	[hpux*], [AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld" = no], [rpathflag='+b '])],
+	[aix*], [rpathflag='-blibpath:'],
+	[for rpathflag in -R "-rpath "; do
+	    AS_CASE("$rpathflag",
+		    [*" "], [AS_CASE(["${linker_flag}"],
+				     [*,], [rpathflag=`echo "$rpathflag" | tr ' ' ,`])])
+	    rpathflag="${linker_flag}${rpathflag}"
+	    RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([${rpathflag}.], [], [rpathflag=])
+	    AS_IF([test "x${rpathflag}" != x], [])
+        done])
+], [
+    rpathflag=`echo "$RPATHFLAG" | sed 's/%.*//'`
+])
+
+RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-fdeclspec, [
+  RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CC, -fdeclspec)
+  RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(MJIT_CC, -fdeclspec)
+])
+RUBY_TRY_CXXFLAGS(-fdeclspec, [RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CXX, -fdeclspec)])
+
+AS_CASE([$RUBY_PATCHLEVEL], [-*],
+	[RUBY_DEVEL=yes], [RUBY_DEVEL=no])
+particular_werror_flags=$RUBY_DEVEL
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(werror,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-werror],
+		       [don't make warnings into errors
+		       even if a compiler support -Werror feature
+		       [[disabled by default unless development version]]]),
+	[particular_werror_flags=$enableval])
+
+rb_cv_warnflags="$warnflags"
+AS_CASE(["$GCC:${warnflags+set}:${extra_warnflags:+set}:"],
+[yes::*|yes:*:set:], [# GCC && (!warnflags || extra_warnflags)
+    AS_IF([test $gcc_major -ge 4], [
+	extra_warnflags="$extra_warnflags -Werror=extra-tokens"
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test $gcc_major -ge 5 -a $gcc_major -le 6], [
+	extra_warnflags="$extra_warnflags -Wno-maybe-uninitialized"
+    ])
+    # ICC doesn't support -Werror=
+    AS_IF([test $icc_version -gt 0], [
+	particular_werror_flags=no
+    ])
+    for wflag in \
+		 -Werror=deprecated-declarations \
+		 -Werror=division-by-zero \
+		 -Werror=duplicated-cond \
+		 -Werror=implicit-function-declaration \
+		 -Werror=implicit-int \
+		 -Werror=misleading-indentation \
+		 -Werror=pointer-arith \
+		 -Werror=shorten-64-to-32 \
+		 -Werror=write-strings \
+		 -Wimplicit-fallthrough=0 \
+		 -Wmissing-noreturn \
+		 -Wno-cast-function-type \
+		 -Wno-constant-logical-operand \
+		 -Wno-long-long \
+		 -Wno-missing-field-initializers \
+		 -Wno-overlength-strings \
+		 -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat \
+		 -Wno-parentheses-equality \
+		 -Wno-self-assign \
+		 -Wno-tautological-compare \
+		 -Wno-unused-parameter \
+		 -Wno-unused-value \
+		 -Wsuggest-attribute=format \
+		 -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn \
+		 -Wunused-variable \
+		 -diag-disable=175,188,1684,2259,2312 \
+		 $extra_warnflags \
+		 ; do
+	AS_IF([test "$particular_werror_flags" != yes], [
+	    wflag=`echo x$wflag | sed 's/^x-Werror=/-W/;s/^x//'`
+	])
+	ok=no
+	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS($wflag, [
+	    RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(warnflags, $wflag)
+	    ok=yes
+	])
+	AS_CASE([$ok:$wflag], [no:-Werror=*], [
+	    wflag=`echo x$wflag | sed 's/^x-Werror=/-W/'`
+	    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS($wflag, [
+		RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(warnflags, $wflag)
+		particular_werror_flags=no
+	    ])
+	])
+    done
+    AS_CASE([" $warnflags "],[*" -Wno-missing-field-initializers "*], [wflag="-Wall -Wextra"],
+                             [wflag=-Wall])
+    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS($wflag, [warnflags="$wflag${warnflags+ $warnflags}"])
+    # Disable warnflags while conftest. -Werror=* flags might make bad OS capability guess.
+    rb_cv_warnflags="$warnflags"
+    warnflags=
+])
+RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-Qunused-arguments, [RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(rb_cv_wsuppress_flags, -Qunused-arguments)])
+AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([
+    AC_LANG_PROGRAM([
+@%:@if !(defined(__SUNPRO_C)||defined(__SUNPRO_CC))
+@%:@error not sunpro
+@%:@endif],[])], [
+    for e in \
+        E_STATEMENT_NOT_REACHED \
+        E_INIT_SIGN_EXTEND \
+        E_INIT_DOES_NOT_FIT \
+        E_INITIALIZATION_TYPE_MISMATCH
+    do
+        RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS([-erroff=${e}], [
+            RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(rb_cv_warnflags, [-erroff=${e}])
+        ])
+    done
+])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(compress-debug-sections,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-compress-debug-sections=type],
+	    [enable debug section compression]),
+	[compress_debug_sections=$withval], [compress_debug_sections=])
+
+AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+    # -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE
+    # When defined _FORTIFY_SOURCE, glibc enables some additional sanity
+    # argument check. The performance drop is very little and Ubuntu enables
+    # _FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 by default. So, let's support it for protecting us from
+    # a mistake of silly C extensions.
+
+    # TODO: check if link succeeds with _FORTIFY_SOURCE=2.
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [mingw*], [
+	fortify_source=no
+    ])
+    AC_ARG_ENABLE(fortify_source,
+		  AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-fortify-source],
+				 [disable -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 option, which causes link error on mingw]),
+		  [fortify_source=$enableval])
+    AS_IF([test "x$fortify_source" != xno], [
+        RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS([$optflags -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2], [RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2)], [],
+                        [@%:@include <stdio.h>])
+    ])
+
+    : ${MJIT_HEADER_FLAGS='-P -dD'}
+
+    # -fstack-protector
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [mingw*|haiku*], [
+	stack_protector=no
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test -z "${stack_protector+set}"], [
+	AS_FOR(option, opt, [-fstack-protector-strong -fstack-protector], [
+	    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(option, [stack_protector=yes])
+	    AS_IF([test "x$stack_protector" = xyes], [
+		RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS(option, [], [stack_protector=])
+	    ])
+	    AS_IF([test "x$stack_protector" = xyes], [stack_protector=option; break])
+	])
+    ])
+    AS_CASE(["$stack_protector"], [-*], [
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, $stack_protector)
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XLDFLAGS, $stack_protector)
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(LDFLAGS, $stack_protector)
+    ])
+
+    AS_CASE("${compress_debug_sections:-zlib}",
+    [none|no], [], [
+    RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS(${linker_flag}--compress-debug-sections=${compress_debug_sections:-zlib},
+		     [compress_debug_sections=${compress_debug_sections:-zlib}],
+		     [compress_debug_sections=no])
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test "x$compress_debug_sections" != xno], [
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(DLDFLAGS, ${linker_flag}--compress-debug-sections=$compress_debug_sections)
+    ])
+
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[mingw*], [
+      # On  Windows  platforms,   system  provided  headers  are  VC++
+      # optimized.  That  is, C++  habits are often  contaminated into
+      # various  headers.  Most frequent  situation is  the use  of //
+      # comments.   We  bypass  ANSI   C  mode  for  them.   Otherwise
+      # extension libs cannot include those headers.
+
+      # Since math.h in some mingw64 wrongly declares frexp and modf
+      # to be pure, the variables pointed by the second arguments are
+      # considered uninitialized unexpectedly.
+      AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether frexp and modf are broken],
+	rb_cv_mingw64_broken_frexp_modf,
+	[
+	  save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
+	  AS_IF([test "$particular_werror_flags" = "yes"], [
+	    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror=uninitialized"
+	  ], [
+	    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror -Wuninitialized"
+	  ])
+	  AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <math.h>
+	    int foo(double x)
+	    {
+	      int exp;
+	      frexp(x, &exp);
+	      return exp;
+	    }]], [[if (foo(0.0)) return 1;]])],
+	    [rb_cv_mingw64_broken_frexp_modf=no],
+	    [rb_cv_mingw64_broken_frexp_modf=yes])
+	  CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS"
+	])
+      AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_mingw64_broken_frexp_modf" = yes], [
+	AC_DEFINE(RUBY_MINGW64_BROKEN_FREXP_MODF)
+      ])
+    ],
+    [cygwin*|darwin*|netbsd*], [
+      # need lgamma_r(), finite()
+    ])
+
+    # ANSI (no XCFLAGS because this is C only)
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [solaris*], [
+      # Because "-std=gnu99" affects existence of functions on Solaris,
+      # "-std=gnu99" will be appended to CPPFLAGS.
+	for ansi_options in -std=gnu99; do
+	    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(${ansi_options}, [
+		RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CPPFLAGS, ${ansi_options})
+	    ], [ansi_options=])
+	    test "x${ansi_options}" = x || break
+	done
+    ],
+    [
+      # ANSI (no XCFLAGS because this is C only)
+      rb_tmp_std_check=`echo $CC $CFLAGS $optflags $warnflags $debugflags | fgrep std= | tr -d  '\015'`
+      AS_IF([test "x$rb_tmp_std_check" = "x"],
+      [
+	for ansi_options in -std=gnu99; do
+	    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(${ansi_options}, [
+		RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(warnflags, ${ansi_options})
+		RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(strict_warnflags, ${ansi_options})
+	    ], [ansi_options=])
+	    test "x${ansi_options}" = x || break
+	done
+      ])
+    ])
+
+    # suppress annoying -Wstrict-overflow warnings
+    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-fno-strict-overflow, [RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -fno-strict-overflow)])
+
+    test "${debugflags+set}" || {RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-ggdb3, [debugflags=-ggdb3])}
+    test "${debugflags+set}" || {RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-ggdb, [debugflags=-ggdb])}
+    test "${debugflags+set}" || {RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-g3, [debugflags=-g3])}
+])
+test $ac_cv_prog_cc_g = yes && : ${debugflags=-g}
+AS_IF([test "x$RUBY_DEVEL" = xyes], [RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -DRUBY_DEVEL=1)])
+
+AS_IF([test "$GCC" = ""], [
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[aix*],[warnflags="$warnflags -qinfo=por" rb_cv_warnflags="$rb_cv_warnflags -qinfo=por"])
+])
+AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+    AS_IF([test "$gcc_major" -ge 4], [
+	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-fvisibility=hidden, [visibility_option=yes], [visibility_option=no])
+    ])
+    AC_SUBST(WERRORFLAG, "-Werror")
+    AS_IF([test "$visibility_option" = yes], [
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -fvisibility=hidden)
+	AC_DEFINE(RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN, [_Pragma("GCC visibility push(default)")])
+	AC_DEFINE(RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END,   [_Pragma("GCC visibility pop")])
+    ], [
+	RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([-Wl,-unexported_symbol,_Init_*], [visibility_option=ld], [visibility_option=no])
+    ])
+    test "$visibility_option" = no || OBJCOPY=:
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+    # optflags
+
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"], [mingw*], [
+	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-fno-omit-frame-pointer, [optflags="${optflags+$optflags }-fno-omit-frame-pointer"])
+	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-static-libgcc, [static_libgcc=yes], [static_libgcc=no])
+	AS_IF([test "$static_libgcc" = yes], [
+	    RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(EXTLDFLAGS, -static-libgcc)
+	])
+    ])
+
+    # disable fast-math
+    for oflag in -fno-fast-math; do
+	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS($oflag, [RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CFLAGS, $oflag)])
+    done
+    for oflag in -fexcess-precision=standard -fp-model\ precise; do
+	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS($oflag, [RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, $oflag)])
+    done
+])
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"], [[i[3-6]86*]], [
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for __sync_val_compare_and_swap], [rb_cv_gcc_compiler_cas], [
+	AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[unsigned long atomic_var;]],
+	    [[__sync_val_compare_and_swap(&atomic_var, 0, 1);]])],
+	    [rb_cv_gcc_compiler_cas=yes],
+	    [
+	    save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -march=i486"
+	    AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[unsigned long atomic_var;]],
+		[[__sync_val_compare_and_swap(&atomic_var, 0, 1);]])],
+		[rb_cv_gcc_compiler_cas=i486],
+		[rb_cv_gcc_compiler_cas=no])
+	    CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS"
+	    ])
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_gcc_compiler_cas" = i486], [ARCH_FLAG="-march=i486"])
+])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(opt-dir,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-opt-dir=DIR-LIST],
+		       [add optional headers and libraries directories separated by $PATH_SEPARATOR]),
+	[
+		val=`echo "$PATH_SEPARATOR$withval" | sed "s|$PATH_SEPARATOR\([[^$PATH_SEPARATOR]*]\)| -I\1/include|g;s/^ //"`
+		CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS $val"
+		val=`echo "$PATH_SEPARATOR$withval" | sed "s|$PATH_SEPARATOR\([[^$PATH_SEPARATOR]*]\)| -L\1/lib${rpathflag:+ $rpathflag\\\\1/lib}|g;s/^ //"`
+		LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $val"
+		LDFLAGS_OPTDIR="$val"
+		OPT_DIR="$withval"
+	], [OPT_DIR=])
+
+test -z "${ac_env_CFLAGS_set}" -a -n "${cflags+set}" && eval CFLAGS="\"$cflags $ARCH_FLAG\""
+test -z "${ac_env_CXXFLAGS_set}" -a -n "${cxxflags+set}" && eval CXXFLAGS="\"$cxxflags $ARCH_FLAG\""
+}
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether compiler has statement and declarations in expressions],
+  rb_cv_have_stmt_and_decl_in_expr,
+  [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]],[[ __extension__ ({ int a = 0; a; }); ]])],
+  [rb_cv_have_stmt_and_decl_in_expr=yes],
+  [rb_cv_have_stmt_and_decl_in_expr=no])])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_have_stmt_and_decl_in_expr" = yes], [
+  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_STMT_AND_DECL_IN_EXPR)
+])
+
+: "header and library section" && {
+AC_ARG_WITH(winnt-ver,
+  AS_HELP_STRING([--with-winnt-ver=0xXXXX], [target Windows NT version (default to 0x0600)]),
+  [with_winnt_ver="$withval"], [with_winnt_ver="0x0600"])
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+[mingw*], [
+  RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CPPFLAGS, -D_WIN32_WINNT=$with_winnt_ver)
+  RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CPPFLAGS, -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT)
+])
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+[freebsd*], [
+  AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether pthread should be enabled by default],
+    rb_cv_enable_pthread_default,
+    [AC_PREPROC_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <osreldate.h>
+#if __FreeBSD_version < 502102
+#error pthread should be disabled on this platform
+#endif
+      ]])],
+      rb_cv_enable_pthread_default=yes,
+      rb_cv_enable_pthread_default=no)])
+  enable_pthread=$rb_cv_enable_pthread_default
+  ],
+[mingw*], [
+  enable_pthread=no
+  ],
+[
+  enable_pthread=yes
+  ])
+
+dnl Checks for libraries.
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[*bsd*|dragonfly*],[],[ac_cv_func_daemon=no])
+
+AS_UNSET(ORIG_LIBS)
+POSTLINK=:
+AC_SUBST(POSTLINK)
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+[nextstep*], [	],
+[openstep*], [	],
+[rhapsody*], [	],
+[darwin*], [
+		ORIG_LIBS="$LIBS"
+		RUBY_PREPEND_OPTION(LIBS, -lobjc)
+		RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CPPFLAGS, -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT)
+		AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether syscall(2) is deprecated], rb_cv_syscall_deprecated,
+		    [RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
+			AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <unistd.h>]],
+							   [[if (syscall(0)) return 1;]])],
+			    [rb_cv_syscall_deprecated=no],
+			    [rb_cv_syscall_deprecated=yes])])])
+		AS_IF([test $rb_cv_syscall_deprecated = yes], [
+		    ac_cv_func___syscall=no
+		    ac_cv_func_syscall=no
+		    ac_cv_header_sys_syscall_h=no
+		    ac_cv_header_syscall_h=no
+		])
+		ac_cv_func_getcontext=no
+		ac_cv_func_setcontext=no
+		incs=`$CC -v -E -xc - < /dev/null 2>&1 | sed ['1,/^@%:@include </d;s/^ *//;s|[^./][^/]*/\.\./||g;/\/include$/!d;s||/lib|;/\/usr\/lib/d']`
+		for d in `$CC -print-search-dirs | sed -e '/^libraries: */!d;s///' | tr : '\012' | fgrep -v /../ | sed -n 's|^\(/.*/lib\)/$|\1|p'`; do
+		    incs=`echo "$incs" | fgrep -v "$d"`
+		done
+		for d in $incs; do
+		    test -d "$d" && RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(LDFLAGS, "-L$d")
+		done
+		ac_cv_type_getgroups=gid_t # getgroups() on Rosetta fills garbage
+		ac_cv_lib_crypt_crypt=no
+		ac_cv_func_fdatasync=no # Mac OS X wrongly reports it has fdatasync()
+		ac_cv_func_vfork=no
+		AS_IF([test $gcc_major -lt 4 -o \( $gcc_major -eq 4 -a $gcc_minor -lt 3 \)], [
+		    ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp=no
+		])
+		with_setjmp_type=sigsetjmp # to hijack SIGCHLD handler
+		AC_CACHE_CHECK(for broken crypt with 8bit chars, rb_cv_broken_crypt,
+		    [AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+void
+broken_crypt(const char *salt, const char *buf1, const char *buf2)
+{
+#if 0
+    printf("%.2x%.2x: %s -> %s\n", (unsigned char)salt[0], (unsigned char)salt[1],
+	   buf1+2, buf2+2);
+#endif
+}
+
+int
+main()
+{
+    int i;
+    char salt[2], buf[256], *s;
+    for (i = 0; i < 128*128; i++) {
+	salt[0] = 0x80 | (i & 0x7f);
+	salt[1] = 0x80 | (i >> 7);
+	strcpy(buf, crypt("", salt));
+	if (strcmp(buf, s = crypt("", salt))) {
+	    broken_crypt(salt, buf, s);
+	    return 1;
+	}
+    }
+    salt[0] = salt[1] = ' ';
+    strcpy(buf, crypt("", salt));
+    salt[0] = salt[1] = 0x80 | ' ';
+    if (strcmp(buf, s = crypt("", salt))) {
+	broken_crypt(salt, buf, s);
+	return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+]])],
+		    rb_cv_broken_crypt=no,
+		    rb_cv_broken_crypt=yes,
+		    rb_cv_broken_crypt=yes)])
+		AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_broken_crypt" = yes], [
+		   AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_CRYPT, 1)
+		])
+		POSTLINK=""
+		AC_CHECK_PROGS(codesign, codesign)
+		AC_CHECK_PROGS(dsymutil, dsymutil)
+		AS_IF([test -n "$codesign"], [
+		    POSTLINK="{ test -z '\$(RUBY_CODESIGN)' || $codesign -s '\$(RUBY_CODESIGN)' -f \$@; }${POSTLINK:+; $POSTLINK}"
+		])
+		AS_IF([test -n "$dsymutil"], [
+		    POSTLINK="$dsymutil \$@${POSTLINK:+; $POSTLINK}"
+		])
+		AS_IF([test -n "${POSTLINK}"], [
+		    LINK_SO="$LINK_SO
+\$(POSTLINK)"
+		])
+		AC_CHECK_HEADERS(crt_externs.h, [], [], [
+		    #include <crt_externs.h>
+		])
+		],
+[hpux*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
+		ac_cv_c_inline=no],
+[solaris*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
+		ac_cv_func_vfork=no
+		AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether _XOPEN_SOURCE is already given)
+		AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[#include <unistd.h>
+			#ifndef _XOPEN_SOURCE
+			#error _XOPEN_SOURCE is not defined
+			#endif
+			]], [[]])],
+		        [given_xopen_source=yes], [given_xopen_source=no])
+		AC_MSG_RESULT($given_xopen_source)
+		AS_IF([test $given_xopen_source = no], [
+		  AC_MSG_CHECKING(appropriate _XOPEN_SOURCE value to define)
+		  define_xopen_source=""
+		  for tmp_xpg in 7 6 5; do
+		    AS_IF([test x"$define_xopen_source" != x], [
+		      break
+		    ])
+		    RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+			#define _XOPEN_SOURCE ${tmp_xpg}00
+			#include <unistd.h>
+			#ifndef _XPG${tmp_xpg}
+			#error _XPG${tmp_xpg} should be defined by _XOPEN_SOURCE=${tmp_xpg}00
+			#endif
+			]], [[]])],
+			[define_xopen_source=${tmp_xpg}00], [])
+			])
+		  done
+		  AS_IF([test x"$define_xopen_source" = x], [
+		    define_xopen_source=no
+		  ])
+		  AC_MSG_RESULT($define_xopen_source)
+		  AS_IF([test x"$define_xopen_source" != xno], [
+		    RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CPPFLAGS, -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=$define_xopen_source)
+		    # _XOPEN_SOURCE should not be defined for C++ on Solaris.
+		    RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CXXFLAGS, -U_XOPEN_SOURCE)
+		  ])
+		])
+		],
+[haiku*], [
+		LIBS="$LIBS" # m lib is include in root
+		],
+[cygwin*], [	ac_cv_header_langinfo_h=yes
+		RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CPPFLAGS, -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_GNU_SOURCE)
+		AC_CHECK_FUNCS(cygwin_conv_path)
+		AC_LIBOBJ([langinfo])
+		],
+[mingw*], [	LIBS="-lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi $LIBS"
+		ac_cv_header_a_out_h=no
+		ac_cv_header_pwd_h=no
+		ac_cv_header_utime_h=no
+		ac_cv_header_sys_ioctl_h=no
+		ac_cv_header_sys_param_h=no
+		ac_cv_header_sys_resource_h=no
+		ac_cv_header_sys_select_h=no
+		ac_cv_header_sys_time_h=no
+		ac_cv_header_sys_times_h=no
+		ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=no
+		ac_cv_func_lstat=yes
+		ac_cv_func_times=yes
+		ac_cv_func_waitpid=yes
+		ac_cv_func_fsync=yes
+		ac_cv_func_seekdir=yes
+		ac_cv_func_telldir=yes
+		ac_cv_func_lchown=yes
+		ac_cv_func_link=yes
+		ac_cv_func_readlink=yes
+		ac_cv_func_symlink=yes
+		ac_cv_lib_crypt_crypt=no
+		ac_cv_func_getpgrp_void=no
+		ac_cv_func_memcmp_working=yes
+		ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen=no
+		rb_cv_binary_elf=no
+		rb_cv_negative_time_t=no
+		ac_cv_func_fcntl=yes
+		ac_cv_func_flock=yes
+		ac_cv_func_gmtime_r=yes
+		rb_cv_large_fd_select=yes
+		ac_cv_type_struct_timeval=yes
+                ac_cv_func_clock_gettime=yes
+                ac_cv_func_clock_getres=yes
+		ac_cv_func_malloc_usable_size=no
+		ac_cv_type_off_t=yes
+		ac_cv_sizeof_off_t=8
+		AS_IF([test "$target_cpu" = x64], [
+		    ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp=yes
+		    ac_cv_func_round=no
+		    rb_cv_coroutine=yes
+		])
+		ac_cv_func_tgamma=no
+		rb_cv_negative_time_t=yes
+		AC_CHECK_TYPE([NET_LUID], [], [],
+			      [@%:@include <winsock2.h>
+			      @%:@include <iphlpapi.h>])
+		AS_IF([test x"$ac_cv_type_NET_LUID" = xyes], [
+		    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_TYPE_NET_LUID, 1)
+		])
+		AC_CHECK_FUNCS(_gmtime64_s)
+		AC_CHECK_FUNCS(_wfreopen_s)
+		AC_LIBOBJ([langinfo])
+		],
+[bsdi*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
+		AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_SETREUID, 1)
+		AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_SETREGID, 1)
+                ac_cv_sizeof_rlim_t=8],
+[freebsd*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
+		ac_cv_func_getpeername=no
+		ac_cv_func_getsockname=no
+		ac_cv_func_shutdown=no
+		ac_cv_func_close=no
+		],
+[netbsd*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
+		],
+[dragonfly*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
+		],
+[aix*],[	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
+		ac_cv_func_round=no
+		ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp=no
+		],
+[linux*],[	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
+		# __builtin_longjmp in ppc64* Linux does not restore
+		# the TOC register (r2), which is problematic
+		# when a global exit happens from JITted .so code.
+		AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"], [powerpc64*], [
+			ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp=no
+		])
+		# With gcc-8's -fcf-protection, MJIT's __builtin_longjmp fails.
+		AS_CASE(["$CC $CFLAGS "], [*" -fcf-protection "*], [cf_protection=yes], [cf_protection=no])
+		AS_IF([test "$cf_protection" = yes], [
+			ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp=no
+		])
+		],
+[	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"])
+: ${ORIG_LIBS=$LIBS}
+
+AS_IF([test -n "${rb_there_is_in_fact_no_gplusplus_but_autoconf_is_cheating_us}"], [
+    AC_MSG_NOTICE([Test skipped due to lack of a C++ compiler.])
+],
+[test -n "${CXX}"], [
+    RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
+        AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether CXXFLAGS is valid])
+        AC_LANG_PUSH(C++)
+        AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <cstdio>]], [[]])],
+	    [AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)],[
+            AC_MSG_RESULT(no)
+            # The message mentions CXXFLAGS, but CPPFLAGS might also affects.
+            AC_MSG_WARN([something wrong with CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS"])
+            CXX=false
+        ])
+        AC_LANG_POP(C++)
+    ])
+])
+
+AC_CHECK_LIB(crypt, crypt)      # glibc (GNU/Linux, GNU/Hurd, GNU/kFreeBSD)
+AC_CHECK_LIB(dl, dlopen)	# Dynamic linking for SunOS/Solaris and SYSV
+AC_CHECK_LIB(dld, shl_load)	# Dynamic linking for HP-UX
+AC_CHECK_LIB(socket, shutdown)  # SunOS/Solaris
+
+dnl Checks for header files.
+AC_HEADER_DIRENT
+dnl AC_HEADER_STDC has been checked in AC_USE_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS
+AC_HEADER_STDBOOL
+AC_HEADER_SYS_WAIT
+
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(a.out.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(atomic.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(copyfile.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(direct.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(grp.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(fcntl.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(float.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(ieeefp.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(intrinsics.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(langinfo.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(limits.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(locale.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(malloc.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(malloc/malloc.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(malloc_np.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(net/socket.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(process.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(pwd.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sanitizer/asan_interface.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sanitizer/msan_interface.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(setjmpex.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(stdalign.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/attr.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/eventfd.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/fcntl.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/file.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/id.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/ioctl.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/mkdev.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/param.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/prctl.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/resource.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/select.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/sendfile.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/socket.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/syscall.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/sysmacros.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/time.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/times.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/uio.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/utime.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(syscall.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(time.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(ucontext.h)
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(utime.h)
+AS_CASE("$target_cpu", [x64|x86_64|i[3-6]86*], [
+  AC_CHECK_HEADERS(x86intrin.h)
+])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH([gmp],
+  [AS_HELP_STRING([--without-gmp],
+    [disable GNU GMP to accelerate Bignum operations])],
+  [],
+  [with_gmp=yes])
+AS_IF([test "x$with_gmp" != xno],
+  [AC_CHECK_HEADERS(gmp.h)
+   AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_header_gmp_h" != xno],
+     AC_SEARCH_LIBS([__gmpz_init], [gmp],
+       [AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBGMP, 1)]))])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH([jemalloc],
+  [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-jemalloc],[use jemalloc allocator])],
+  [with_jemalloc=$withval], [with_jemalloc=no])
+AS_IF([test "x$with_jemalloc" != xno],[
+  AC_SEARCH_LIBS([malloc_conf], [jemalloc],
+    [
+      AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBJEMALLOC, 1)
+      with_jemalloc=yes
+    ],
+    [test x$with_jemalloc = xyes && with_jemalloc=no])
+  AC_CHECK_HEADER(jemalloc/jemalloc.h, [
+    AC_DEFINE(RUBY_ALTERNATIVE_MALLOC_HEADER, [<jemalloc/jemalloc.h>])
+  ],
+  [test x$with_jemalloc = xyes && with_jemalloc=no])
+  AS_IF([test "x$with_jemalloc" != xyes], [
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for jemalloc with JEMALLOC_MANGLE], rb_cv_jemalloc_demangle,
+      [AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([@%:@define JEMALLOC_MANGLE 1
+      @%:@ifdef RUBY_ALTERNATIVE_MALLOC_HEADER
+      @%:@include RUBY_ALTERNATIVE_MALLOC_HEADER
+      @%:@else
+      @%:@include <jemalloc.h>
+      @%:@endif], [return !&malloc_conf])],
+      [rb_cv_jemalloc_demangle=yes],
+      [rb_cv_jemalloc_demangle=no])
+    ])
+  ])
+  AS_IF([test "x$rb_cv_jemalloc_demangle" = xyes], [
+    AC_DEFINE(JEMALLOC_MANGLE)
+    with_jemalloc=yes
+  ])
+  AS_CASE(["$with_jemalloc"],
+    [yes],
+    [
+      AC_DEFINE(HAVE_MALLOC_CONF)
+      ac_cv_func_malloc_usable_size=yes
+    ],
+    [no],
+    [AC_MSG_ERROR([jemalloc requested but not found])
+  ])
+])
+
+dnl check for large file stuff
+mv confdefs.h confdefs1.h
+: > confdefs.h
+AC_SYS_LARGEFILE
+# On 32-bit Solaris, it is safe to define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE
+# which is not added by AC_SYS_LARGEFILE.
+AS_IF([test x"$enable_largefile" != xno], [
+  AS_CASE(["$target_os"], [solaris*], [
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([wheather _LARGEFILE_SOURCE should be defined])
+    AS_CASE(["${ac_cv_sys_file_offset_bits}:${ac_cv_sys_large_files}"],
+      ["64:"|"64:no"|"64:unknown"], [
+	# insert _LARGEFILE_SOURCE before _FILE_OFFSET_BITS line
+	# that is the same order as "getconf LFS_CFLAGS" output
+	mv confdefs.h largefile0.h
+	: > confdefs.h
+	AC_DEFINE(_LARGEFILE_SOURCE)
+	cat largefile0.h >> confdefs.h
+	rm largefile0.h
+	AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
+      ], [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])
+  ])
+])
+mv confdefs.h largefile.h
+mv confdefs1.h confdefs.h
+cat largefile.h >> confdefs.h
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [aix*], [
+    AS_CASE(["$target_cpu:$ac_cv_sys_large_files"],
+	[ppc64:*|powerpc64:*], [],
+	[*:no|*:unknown], [],
+	[
+	    # AIX currently does not support a 32-bit call to posix_fadvise()
+	    # if _LARGE_FILES is defined.
+	    ac_cv_func_posix_fadvise=no
+	])
+    ])
+
+AC_C_BIGENDIAN
+AC_C_CONST
+AC_C_CHAR_UNSIGNED
+AC_C_INLINE
+AC_C_VOLATILE
+AC_C_TYPEOF
+AC_C_RESTRICT
+
+AS_CASE(":$ac_cv_c_const:$ac_cv_c_volatile:",
+    [*:no:*], [AC_MSG_ERROR(ANSI C-conforming const and volatile are mandatory)])
+
+AC_CHECK_TYPES([long long, off_t])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([char bit], [rb_cv_char_bit],
+    [test "$universal_binary" = yes && cross_compiling=yes
+    AC_COMPUTE_INT([rb_cv_char_bit], [CHAR_BIT],
+	[AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([@%:@include <limits.h>])], [rb_cv_char_bit=8])
+    test "$universal_binary" = yes && cross_compiling=$real_cross_compiling])
+
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(int, [], [ILP])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(short)
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(long, [int], [ILP LP])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(long long)
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(__int64, [8], [ILP LP])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(__int128, [16], [ILP LP])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(off_t)
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(void*, [int long "long long"], [ILP LP LLP])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(float)
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(double)
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(time_t, [long "long long"], [], [@%:@include <time.h>])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(clock_t, [], [], [@%:@include <time.h>])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(packed struct attribute, rb_cv_packed_struct,
+    [rb_cv_packed_struct=no
+    for mac in \
+	"__pragma(pack(push, 1)) x __pragma(pack(pop))" \
+	"x __attribute__((packed))" \
+	; do
+	AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@define PACKED_STRUCT(x) $mac
+			PACKED_STRUCT(struct { int a; });]], [[]])],
+		[rb_cv_packed_struct=$mac; break])
+    done])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_packed_struct" != no], [
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([PACKED_STRUCT(x)], [$rb_cv_packed_struct])
+    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-Wno-address-of-packed-member, [AC_DEFINE(USE_UNALIGNED_MEMBER_ACCESS)])
+], [
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([PACKED_STRUCT(x)], x)
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_type_long_long" = xyes], [
+    RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(long long, ll I64, LL)
+], [test "x$ac_cv_type___int64" = xyes], [
+    RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(__int64, ll I64, LL)
+])
+
+RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(pid_t, int, PIDT)
+RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(uid_t, int, UIDT)
+RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(gid_t, int, GIDT)
+RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(time_t, [], TIMET, [@%:@include <time.h>])
+RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(dev_t, [int long "long long"], DEVT)
+RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(mode_t, ["unsigned short" "unsigned int" long], MODET, [@%:@include <sys/stat.h>])
+RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(rlim_t, [int long "long long"], RLIM, [
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
+@%:@include <sys/types.h>
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
+@%:@include <sys/time.h>
+@%:@endif
+@%:@include <sys/resource.h>
+])
+RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(off_t, [], OFFT)
+RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(clockid_t, [], CLOCKID, [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
+@%:@ include <time.h>
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
+@%:@ include <sys/time.h>
+@%:@endif])
+
+# __VA_ARGS__ is also tested in AC_PROG_CC_C99 since autoconf 2.60a (around
+# 2006). The check below is redundant and should always success.  Remain not
+# deleted for backward compat.
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for variable length macro, rb_cv_va_args_macro,
+  [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+int foo(const char*);
+@%:@define FOO(...) foo(@%:@__VA_ARGS__)
+]], [[FOO(1);FOO(1,2);FOO(1,2,3);]])],
+  rb_cv_va_args_macro=yes,
+  rb_cv_va_args_macro=no)])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_va_args_macro" = yes], [
+  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_VA_ARGS_MACRO)
+])
+
+# We want C11's  `_Alignof`.  GCC (and alike) have  `__alignof__`, which behave
+# slightly differently  than the  C11's.  We cannot  use `__alignof__`  for our
+# purpose.   The problem  is, however,  that  old gcc  and old  clang had  both
+# implemented `_Alignof` as  a synonym of `__alignof__`.  They are  not what we
+# want.  We have to check sanity.
+#
+# See also: https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=52023
+# See also: https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=26547
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([if _Alignof() works], rb_cv_have__alignof,[
+    rb_cv_have__alignof=no
+    RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
+        AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+            @%:@ifdef HAVE_STDALIGN_H
+            @%:@include <stdalign.h>
+            @%:@endif
+            @%:@ifdef STDC_HEADERS
+            @%:@include <stddef.h>
+            @%:@endif
+            @%:@ifndef __GNUC__
+            @%:@define __extension__
+            @%:@endif
+        ]], [[
+            typedef struct conftest_tag {
+                char _;
+                double d;
+            } T;
+            static int conftest_ary@<:@
+                offsetof(T, d) == __extension__ _Alignof(double)
+                ? 1 : -1
+            @:>@;
+            return conftest_ary@<:@0@:>@;
+        ]])],[
+            rb_cv_have__alignof=yes
+        ],[])
+    ])
+])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_have__alignof" != no], [
+    AC_DEFINE(HAVE__ALIGNOF)
+])
+
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__const__, CONSTFUNC)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__pure__, PUREFUNC)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__noreturn__, NORETURN)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__deprecated__, DEPRECATED)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__deprecated__("by "@%:@n), DEPRECATED_BY(n,x), rb_cv_func_deprecated_by)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__noinline__, NOINLINE)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__always_inline__, ALWAYS_INLINE)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__no_sanitize__(san), NO_SANITIZE(san, x), rb_cv_func_no_sanitize)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__no_sanitize_address__, NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__no_address_safety_analysis__, NO_ADDRESS_SAFETY_ANALYSIS)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__warn_unused_result__, WARN_UNUSED_RESULT)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__unused__, MAYBE_UNUSED)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__error__ mesg, ERRORFUNC(mesg,x), rb_cv_func___error__)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__warning__ mesg, WARNINGFUNC(mesg,x), rb_cv_func___warning__)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__weak__, WEAK, rb_cv_func_weak)
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_func_weak" != x], [
+   AC_DEFINE(HAVE_FUNC_WEAK)
+])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([for __attribute__((__depreacted__(msg))) in C++],
+  rb_cv_CentOS6_CXX_workaround,
+  RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
+    AC_LANG_PUSH([C++])
+    AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(
+      [AC_LANG_PROGRAM(
+        [],
+        [__attribute__((__deprecated__("message"))) int conftest(...);])],
+      [rb_cv_CentOS6_CXX_workaround=yes],
+      [rb_cv_CentOS6_CXX_workaround=no])
+    AC_LANG_POP()]))
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_CentOS6_CXX_workaround" != no],[
+  AC_DEFINE([RUBY_CXX_DEPRECATED(msg)],
+    [__attribute__((__deprecated__(msg)))])])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([for std::nullptr_t], rb_cv_CXX_nullptr, [
+  AC_LANG_PUSH([C++])
+  AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(
+    [AC_LANG_PROGRAM(
+      [@%:@include <cstddef>],
+      [static std::nullptr_t const *const conftest = nullptr;])],
+    [rb_cv_CXX_nullptr=yes],
+    [rb_cv_CXX_nullptr=no])
+  AC_LANG_POP()])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_CXX_nullptr" != no],[AC_DEFINE(HAVE_NULLPTR)])
+
+if_i386=${universal_binary+[defined __i386__]}
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__stdcall__,  FUNC_STDCALL,  rb_cv_func_stdcall,  ${if_i386})
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__cdecl__,    FUNC_CDECL,    rb_cv_func_cdecl,    ${if_i386})
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__fastcall__, FUNC_FASTCALL, rb_cv_func_fastcall, ${if_i386})
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__optimize__("O0"), FUNC_UNOPTIMIZED, rb_cv_func_unoptimized)
+RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(__optimize__("-Os","-fomit-frame-pointer"), FUNC_MINIMIZED, rb_cv_func_minimized)
+
+AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for function alias], [rb_cv_gcc_function_alias],
+	[rb_cv_gcc_function_alias=no
+	for a in alias weak,alias; do
+	    AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[void foo(void) {}
+		void bar(void) __attribute__(($a("foo")));]], [[bar()]])],
+		[rb_cv_gcc_function_alias=$a; break])
+	done])
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_gcc_function_alias" != no], [
+	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_FUNCTION_ALIAS)
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION_TYPE(type, prot, name, args)],
+			   [type prot __attribute__(($rb_cv_gcc_function_alias(@%:@name)));])
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION_VOID(prot, name, args)],
+			   [RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION_TYPE(void, prot, name, args)])
+    ])
+
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for __atomic builtins], [rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins], [
+	AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[unsigned int atomic_var;]],
+		    [[
+			__atomic_exchange_n(&atomic_var, 0, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+			__atomic_exchange_n(&atomic_var, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+			__atomic_fetch_add(&atomic_var, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+			__atomic_fetch_sub(&atomic_var, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+			__atomic_or_fetch(&atomic_var, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+		    ]])],
+		    [rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins=yes],
+		    [rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins=no])])
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins" = yes], [
+	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
+    ])
+
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for __sync builtins], [rb_cv_gcc_sync_builtins], [
+	AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[unsigned int atomic_var;]],
+		    [[
+			__sync_lock_test_and_set(&atomic_var, 0);
+			__sync_lock_test_and_set(&atomic_var, 1);
+			__sync_fetch_and_add(&atomic_var, 1);
+			__sync_fetch_and_sub(&atomic_var, 1);
+			__sync_or_and_fetch(&atomic_var, 1);
+			__sync_val_compare_and_swap(&atomic_var, 0, 1);
+		    ]])],
+		    [rb_cv_gcc_sync_builtins=yes],
+		    [rb_cv_gcc_sync_builtins=no])])
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_gcc_sync_builtins" = yes], [
+	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GCC_SYNC_BUILTINS)
+    ])
+])
+
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK(for __builtin_unreachable, rb_cv_func___builtin_unreachable,
+    [RUBY_WERROR_FLAG(
+    [AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[volatile int zero;]],
+	[[if (zero) __builtin_unreachable();]])],
+	[rb_cv_func___builtin_unreachable=yes],
+	[rb_cv_func___builtin_unreachable=no])
+    ])
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_func___builtin_unreachable" = yes], [
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(UNREACHABLE, [__builtin_unreachable()])
+    ])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for exported function attribute, rb_cv_func_exported, [
+rb_cv_func_exported=no
+RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
+for mac in '__attribute__ ((__visibility__("default")))' '__declspec(dllexport)'; do
+  AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@define RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED $mac extern
+    RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED void conftest_attribute_check(void);]], [[]])],
+    [rb_cv_func_exported="$mac"; break])
+done
+])])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_func_exported" != no], [
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED, [$rb_cv_func_exported extern])
+])
+RUBY_DECL_ATTRIBUTE([__nonnull__(n)], [RUBY_FUNC_NONNULL(n,x)], [rb_cv_func_nonnull],
+                    [], [function], [
+@%:@define x int conftest_attribute_check(void *p)
+@%:@define n 1
+])
+
+RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -DRUBY_EXPORT)
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(mathn,
+    AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-mathn], [enable canonicalization for mathn]),
+    [AC_MSG_ERROR([mathn support has been dropped])])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for function name string predefined identifier,
+    rb_cv_function_name_string,
+    [AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[openbsd*],[
+      rb_cv_function_name_string=__func__
+     ],[
+     rb_cv_function_name_string=no
+      RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
+        for func in __func__ __FUNCTION__; do
+            AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <stdio.h>]],
+			 		    [[puts($func);]])],
+            [rb_cv_function_name_string=$func
+            break])
+        done
+      ])])]
+)
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_function_name_string" != no], [
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_FUNCTION_NAME_STRING, [$rb_cv_function_name_string])
+])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(if enum over int is allowed, rb_cv_enum_over_int, [
+    rb_cv_enum_over_int=no
+    AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_type_long_long" = xyes], [
+	type="unsigned long long" max="ULLONG_MAX"
+    ], [
+	type="unsigned long" max="ULONG_MAX"
+    ])
+    RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
+        AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([
+            AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([
+                    @%:@include <limits.h>
+                    enum {conftest_max = $max};
+                ], [
+                    (conftest_max == $max) &&
+                    (sizeof(conftest_max) == sizeof($type))
+                ]
+	    )],
+	    [rb_cv_enum_over_int=yes],
+	    [rb_cv_enum_over_int=no]
+	)
+    ])
+])
+AS_IF([test $rb_cv_enum_over_int = yes], [
+    AC_DEFINE(ENUM_OVER_INT, 1)
+])
+
+dnl Check whether we need to define sys_nerr locally
+AC_CHECK_DECLS([sys_nerr], [], [], [$ac_includes_default
+@%:@include <errno.h>])
+
+AC_CHECK_DECLS([getenv])
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"],
+[alpha*|sh4|sh4el|sh4eb], [AS_CASE(["$target_os"::"$GCC"],
+		[*::yes],  # gcc
+			[CFLAGS="-mieee $CFLAGS"],
+		[osf*],    # ccc
+			[CFLAGS="-ieee $CFLAGS"],
+		)],
+[sparc*], [AC_LIBOBJ([sparc])])
+
+ac_cv_header_net_socket_h=${ac_cv_header_net_socket_h=no}
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_header_net_socket_h" = yes], [
+    ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=no}
+], [
+    ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=yes}
+])
+
+
+AC_TYPE_SIZE_T
+RUBY_CHECK_SIGNEDNESS(size_t, [AC_MSG_ERROR(size_t is signed)], [],
+		      [@%:@include <sys/types.h>])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(size_t, [int long void*], [], [@%:@include <sys/types.h>])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(ptrdiff_t, size_t, [], [@%:@include <stddef.h>])
+RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(size_t, z)
+RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(ptrdiff_t, t)
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_blksize])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_blocks])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_rdev])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF([struct stat.st_size], [off_t int long "long long"], [], [@%:@include <sys/stat.h>])
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_blocks" = yes], [
+    RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF([struct stat.st_blocks], [off_t int long "long long"], [], [@%:@include <sys/stat.h>])
+])
+RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF([struct stat.st_ino], [long "long long"], [], [@%:@include <sys/stat.h>])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_atim])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_atimespec])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_atimensec])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_mtim])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_mtimespec])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_mtimensec])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_ctim])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_ctimespec])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_ctimensec])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_birthtimespec])
+AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_birthtimespec" != xyes],
+    [AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct statx.stx_btime])])
+
+AC_CHECK_TYPES([struct timeval], [], [], [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
+@%:@include <time.h>
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
+@%:@include <sys/time.h>
+@%:@endif])
+
+AS_IF([test "${ac_cv_type_struct_timeval}" = yes], [
+    RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF([struct timeval.tv_sec], [time_t long "long long"], [],
+		      [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
+@%:@include <time.h>
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
+@%:@include <sys/time.h>
+@%:@endif])
+    AS_CASE(${ac_cv_sizeof_struct_timeval_tv_sec},
+	    [SIZEOF_INT], [t=int],
+	    [SIZEOF_LONG], [t=long],
+	    [SIZEOF_LONG_LONG], [t=LONG_LONG],
+	    [t=])
+    AS_IF([test "${t}" != ""], [
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(TYPEOF_TIMEVAL_TV_SEC, [$t])
+    ])
+])
+
+AC_CHECK_TYPES([struct timespec], [], [], [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
+@%:@include <time.h>
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
+@%:@include <sys/time.h>
+@%:@endif])
+
+AC_CHECK_TYPES([struct timezone], [], [], [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
+@%:@ include <time.h>
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
+@%:@ include <sys/time.h>
+@%:@endif])
+
+AC_CACHE_VAL([rb_cv_large_fd_select],
+    [AC_CHECK_TYPE(fd_mask, [rb_cv_large_fd_select=yes], [rb_cv_large_fd_select=no], [AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([])
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
+@%:@ include <sys/select.h>
+@%:@endif])])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_large_fd_select" = yes], [
+    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_RB_FD_INIT, 1)
+])
+
+RUBY_DEFINT(int8_t, 1)
+RUBY_DEFINT(uint8_t, 1, unsigned)
+RUBY_DEFINT(int16_t, 2)
+RUBY_DEFINT(uint16_t, 2, unsigned)
+RUBY_DEFINT(int32_t, 4)
+RUBY_DEFINT(uint32_t, 4, unsigned)
+RUBY_DEFINT(int64_t, 8)
+RUBY_DEFINT(uint64_t, 8, unsigned)
+RUBY_DEFINT(int128_t, 16)
+RUBY_DEFINT(uint128_t, 16, unsigned)
+RUBY_DEFINT(intptr_t, void*)
+RUBY_DEFINT(uintptr_t, void*, unsigned)
+AS_IF([test "x$rb_cv_type_intptr_t" != xno], [
+    RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(intptr_t, '' ll I64 l, PTR)
+])
+RUBY_DEFINT(ssize_t, size_t, [], [@%:@include <sys/types.h>])	dnl may differ from int, so not use AC_TYPE_SSIZE_T.
+AS_IF([test "x$rb_cv_type_int64_t" != xno], [
+    RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(int64_t, ll I64 l, 64)
+])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for stack end address, rb_cv_stack_end_address,
+[rb_cv_stack_end_address=no
+  AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM(
+      [[extern void *__libc_stack_end;]],
+      [[if (!__libc_stack_end) return 1;]])],
+    [rb_cv_stack_end_address="__libc_stack_end"])
+])
+AS_IF([test $rb_cv_stack_end_address != no], [
+  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(STACK_END_ADDRESS, $rb_cv_stack_end_address)
+])
+
+dnl Checks for library functions.
+AC_TYPE_GETGROUPS
+AS_CASE(["${target_cpu}-${target_os}:${target_archs}"],
+[powerpc-darwin*], [
+  AC_LIBSOURCES(alloca.c)
+  AC_SUBST([ALLOCA], [\${LIBOBJDIR}alloca.${ac_objext}])
+  AC_DEFINE(C_ALLOCA)
+  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(alloca, alloca)
+  ],
+[universal-darwin*:*ppc*], [
+  AC_LIBSOURCES(alloca.c)
+  AC_SUBST([ALLOCA], [\${LIBOBJDIR}alloca.${ac_objext}])
+  RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __powerpc__], C_ALLOCA, 1)
+  RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __powerpc__], alloca, alloca)
+  ],
+[
+  AC_FUNC_ALLOCA
+  ])
+AS_IF([test "x$ALLOCA" = "x"], [
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for dynamic size alloca], rb_cv_dynamic_alloca, [
+    for chk in ok __chkstk; do
+	AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+	    @%:@ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
+	    @%:@include <alloca.h>
+	    @%:@endif
+	    void $chk() {}
+	    int dynamic_alloca_test;
+	    int dynamic_alloca_result;]],
+	    [[dynamic_alloca_result = alloca(dynamic_alloca_test) != 0;]])],
+	    [rb_cv_dynamic_alloca=$chk; break])
+    done])
+    AS_IF([test "x$rb_cv_dynamic_alloca" = "x__chkstk"], [
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_ALLOCA_CHKSTK, _$rb_cv_dynamic_alloca)
+	AS_CASE("$target_cpu",
+	[x64|x86_64], [
+	    AC_SUBST([ALLOCA], [\${LIBOBJDIR}x86_64-chkstk.${ac_objext}])
+	],)
+    ])
+])
+AC_FUNC_MEMCMP
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[freebsd*],[
+	 AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_CLOSE)
+	 AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(close)
+	 ])
+
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(acosh)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(cbrt)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(crypt)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(dup2)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(erf)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(explicit_bzero)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(ffs)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(flock)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(hypot)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(lgamma_r)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(memmove)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(nan)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(nextafter)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(setproctitle)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strchr)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strerror)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strlcat)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strlcpy)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strstr)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(tgamma)
+
+RUBY_REPLACE_FUNC([finite], [@%:@include <math.h>])
+RUBY_REPLACE_FUNC([isinf], [@%:@include <math.h>])
+RUBY_REPLACE_FUNC([isnan], [@%:@include <math.h>])
+
+# for missing/setproctitle.c
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+[aix* | k*bsd*-gnu | kopensolaris*-gnu | linux* | darwin*], [AC_DEFINE(SPT_TYPE,SPT_REUSEARGV)],
+[hpux*], [AC_DEFINE(SPT_TYPE,SPT_PSTAT) ],
+[])
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/pstat.h)
+
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for signbit, rb_cv_have_signbit,
+  [AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+#include <math.h>
+]], [[int v = signbit(-0.0);]])],
+	rb_cv_have_signbit=yes,
+	rb_cv_have_signbit=no)])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_have_signbit" = yes], [
+  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_SIGNBIT)
+], [
+  AC_LIBOBJ([signbit])
+])
+
+AC_FUNC_FORK
+
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(__syscall)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(_longjmp)		# used for AC_ARG_WITH(setjmp-type)
+# we don't use _setjmp if _longjmp doesn't exist.
+test x$ac_cv_func__longjmp = xno && ac_cv_func__setjmp=no
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(arc4random_buf)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(atan2l atan2f)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(chroot)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(chsize)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(clock_gettime)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(copy_file_range)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(cosh)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(crypt_r)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(daemon)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dirfd)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dl_iterate_phdr)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dlopen)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dladdr)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dup)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dup3)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(eaccess)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(endgrent)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(eventfd)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(explicit_memset)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fcopyfile)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fchmod)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fchown)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fcntl)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fdatasync)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fdopendir)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fgetattrlist)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fmod)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fstatat)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fsync)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(ftruncate)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(ftruncate64)		# used for Win32 platform
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getattrlist)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getcwd)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getgidx)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getgrnam)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getgrnam_r)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getgroups)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getlogin)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getlogin_r)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpgid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpgrp)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpriority)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpwnam)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpwnam_r)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpwuid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpwuid_r)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getrandom)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getresgid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getresuid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getrlimit)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getsid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(gettimeofday)		# for making ac_cv_func_gettimeofday
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getuidx)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(gmtime_r)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(grantpt)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(initgroups)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(ioctl)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(isfinite)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(issetugid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(killpg)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(lchmod)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(lchown)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(link)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(llabs)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(lockf)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(log2)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(lstat)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(lutimes)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(malloc_usable_size)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(malloc_size)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(mblen)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(memalign)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(memset_s)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(writev)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(memrchr)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(memmem)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(mkfifo)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(mknod)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(mktime)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(openat)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(pipe2)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(poll)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(posix_fadvise)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(posix_memalign)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(ppoll)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(pread)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(pwrite)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(qsort_r)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(qsort_s)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(readlink)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(realpath)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(round)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sched_getaffinity)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(seekdir)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(select_large_fdset)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sendfile)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setegid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setenv)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(seteuid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setgid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setgroups)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setpgid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setpgrp)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setregid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setresgid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setresuid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setreuid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setrgid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setrlimit)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setruid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setsid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(setuid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(shutdown)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sigaction)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sigaltstack)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sigprocmask)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sinh)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(spawnv)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(symlink)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(syscall)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sysconf)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(tanh)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(telldir)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(timegm)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(times)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(truncate)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(truncate64)		# used for Win32
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(unsetenv)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(utimensat)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(utimes)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(wait4)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(waitpid)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(__cospi)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(__sinpi)
+
+AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_member_struct_statx_stx_btime" = xyes],
+    [AC_CHECK_FUNCS(statx)])
+
+AS_CASE(["$ac_cv_func_memset_s:$ac_cv_func_qsort_s"], [*yes*],
+    [RUBY_DEFINE_IF([!defined __STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__], [__STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__], 1)])
+
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_getcwd" = yes], [
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK(if getcwd allocates buffer if NULL is given, [rb_cv_getcwd_malloc],
+	[AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+@%:@include <stddef.h>
+@%:@include <stdio.h>
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+@%:@include <unistd.h>
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifndef EXIT_SUCCESS
+@%:@define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifndef EXIT_FAILURE
+@%:@define EXIT_FAILURE 1
+@%:@endif
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    if (!getcwd(NULL, 0)) return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+]])],
+	    rb_cv_getcwd_malloc=yes,
+	    rb_cv_getcwd_malloc=no,
+	    AS_CASE($target_os,
+		[linux*|darwin*|*bsd|cygwin*|mingw*|mswin*],
+		[rb_cv_getcwd_malloc=yes],
+		[rb_cv_getcwd_malloc=no]))])
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_getcwd_malloc" = no], [AC_DEFINE(NO_GETCWD_MALLOC, 1)])
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_crypt_r" = yes],
+    [AC_CHECK_HEADERS(crypt.h)])
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_crypt_r:$ac_cv_header_crypt_h" = yes:yes],
+    [AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct crypt_data.initialized], [], [],
+		      [AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([@%:@include <crypt.h>])])])
+
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_alloca_with_align, [__builtin_alloca_with_align(1, 4096)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_assume_aligned, [__builtin_assume_aligned((void*)32, 32)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_bswap16, [__builtin_bswap16(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_bswap32, [__builtin_bswap32(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_bswap64, [__builtin_bswap64(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_popcount, [__builtin_popcount(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_popcountll, [__builtin_popcountll(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_clz, [__builtin_clz(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_clzl, [__builtin_clzl(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_clzll, [__builtin_clzll(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_ctz, [__builtin_ctz(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_ctzll, [__builtin_ctzll(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_add_overflow, [int x;__builtin_add_overflow(0,0,&x)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_sub_overflow, [int x;__builtin_sub_overflow(0,0,&x)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_mul_overflow, [int x;__builtin_mul_overflow(0,0,&x)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_mul_overflow_p, [__builtin_mul_overflow_p(0,0,(int)0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_constant_p, [__builtin_constant_p(0)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_choose_expr, [
+    [int x[__extension__(__builtin_choose_expr(1, 1, -1))]];
+    [int y[__extension__(__builtin_choose_expr(0, -1, 1))]];
+    ])
+AS_IF([test x$rb_cv_builtin___builtin_choose_expr = xyes], [
+    RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_choose_expr_constant_p, [
+    [int x[__extension__(__builtin_choose_expr(__builtin_constant_p(1), 1, -1))]];
+    [int y[__extension__(__builtin_choose_expr(__builtin_constant_p(foo), -1, 1))]];
+    ])
+])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_types_compatible_p, [__builtin_types_compatible_p(int, int)])
+RUBY_CHECK_BUILTIN_FUNC(__builtin_trap, [__builtin_trap()])
+
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_qsort_r" != no], [
+  AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether qsort_r is GNU version, rb_cv_gnu_qsort_r,
+    [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+@%:@include <stdlib.h>
+void (qsort_r)(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
+	    int (*compar)(const void *, const void *, void *),
+	    void *arg);
+]], [[ ]])],
+      [rb_cv_gnu_qsort_r=yes],
+      [rb_cv_gnu_qsort_r=no])
+  ])
+  AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether qsort_r is BSD version, rb_cv_bsd_qsort_r,
+    [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+@%:@include <stdlib.h>
+void (qsort_r)(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
+	     void *arg, int (*compar)(void *, const void *, const void *));
+]], [[ ]])],
+      [rb_cv_bsd_qsort_r=yes],
+      [rb_cv_bsd_qsort_r=no])
+  ])
+  AS_CASE("$rb_cv_gnu_qsort_r:$rb_cv_bsd_qsort_r",
+  [yes:no], [
+    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GNU_QSORT_R, 1)
+  ],
+  [no:yes], [
+    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_BSD_QSORT_R, 1)
+  ])
+])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether atan2 handles Inf as C99, rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99, [
+    AS_IF([test $ac_cv_func_atan2f:$ac_cv_func_atan2l = yes:yes], [
+	AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+@%:@include <math.h>
+@%:@ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+@%:@include <unistd.h>
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifndef EXIT_SUCCESS
+@%:@define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
+@%:@endif
+@%:@ifndef EXIT_FAILURE
+@%:@define EXIT_FAILURE 1
+@%:@endif
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    if (fabs(atan2(INFINITY, INFINITY) - M_PI_4) <= 0.01) return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+}
+]])],
+	[rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99=yes],
+	[rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99=no],
+	[AS_CASE($target_os, [mingw*|mswin*], [rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99=no], [rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99=yes])]
+	)
+    ], [rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99=no])
+])
+AS_IF([test "x$rb_cv_atan2_inf_c99" = xyes], [AC_DEFINE(ATAN2_INF_C99)])
+
+# Some platform need -lrt for clock_gettime, but the other don't.
+AS_IF([test x"$ac_cv_func_clock_gettime" != xyes], [
+    # glibc 2.17 moves clock_* functions from librt to the main C library.
+    # http://sourceware.org/ml/libc-announce/2012/msg00001.html
+    AC_CHECK_LIB(rt, clock_gettime)
+    AS_IF([test x"$ac_cv_lib_rt_clock_gettime" = xyes], [
+	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME, 1)
+    ])
+])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(clock_getres) # clock_getres should be tested after clock_gettime test including librt test.
+AC_CHECK_LIB([rt], [timer_create])
+AC_CHECK_LIB([rt], [timer_settime])
+AS_IF([test x"$ac_cv_lib_rt_timer_create" = xyes], [
+    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_TIMER_CREATE, 1)
+])
+AS_IF([test x"$ac_cv_lib_rt_timer_settime" = xyes], [
+    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_TIMER_SETTIME, 1)
+])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for unsetenv returns a value, rb_cv_unsetenv_return_value,
+  [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+#include <stdlib.h>
+]], [[int v = unsetenv("foo");]])],
+	rb_cv_unsetenv_return_value=yes,
+	rb_cv_unsetenv_return_value=no)])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_unsetenv_return_value" = no], [
+  AC_DEFINE(VOID_UNSETENV)
+])
+
+# End of setjmp check.
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(setreuid,
+       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-setreuid], [use setreuid()/setregid() according to need even if obsolete]),
+       [use_setreuid=$enableval])
+AS_IF([test "$use_setreuid" = yes], [
+    AC_DEFINE(USE_SETREUID)
+    AC_DEFINE(USE_SETREGID)
+])
+AC_STRUCT_TIMEZONE
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for struct tm.tm_gmtoff, rb_cv_member_struct_tm_tm_gmtoff,
+  [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+@%:@define _BSD_SOURCE
+@%:@define _DEFAULT_SOURCE
+@%:@include <time.h>
+    ]],
+    [[struct tm t; t.tm_gmtoff = 3600;]])],
+  [rb_cv_member_struct_tm_tm_gmtoff=yes],
+  [rb_cv_member_struct_tm_tm_gmtoff=no])])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_member_struct_tm_tm_gmtoff" = yes], [
+  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_GMTOFF)
+])
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for external int daylight, rb_cv_have_daylight,
+  [AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[#include <time.h>
+  int i;]],
+	[[i = daylight;]])],
+	rb_cv_have_daylight=yes,
+	rb_cv_have_daylight=no)])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_have_daylight" = yes], [
+  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_DAYLIGHT)
+])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for negative time_t for gmtime(3), rb_cv_negative_time_t,
+  [AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+void
+check(tm, y, m, d, h, s)
+    struct tm *tm;
+    int y, m, d, h, s;
+{
+    if (!tm ||
+	tm->tm_year != y ||
+	tm->tm_mon  != m-1 ||
+	tm->tm_mday != d ||
+	tm->tm_hour != h ||
+	tm->tm_sec  != s) {
+	exit(1);
+    }
+}
+
+int
+main()
+{
+   time_t t = -1;
+   struct tm *tm;
+
+   check(gmtime(&t), 69, 12, 31, 23, 59);
+   t = ~(time_t)0 << 31;
+   check(gmtime(&t), 1, 12, 13, 20, 52);
+   return 0;
+}
+]])],
+	rb_cv_negative_time_t=yes,
+	rb_cv_negative_time_t=no,
+	rb_cv_negative_time_t=yes)])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_negative_time_t" = yes], [
+  AC_DEFINE(NEGATIVE_TIME_T)
+])
+
+# [ruby-dev:40910] overflow of time on FreeBSD
+# http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=145341
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(for localtime(3) overflow correctly, rb_cv_localtime_overflow,
+  [AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+void
+check(time_t t1)
+{
+    struct tm *tm;
+    time_t t2;
+    tm = localtime(&t1);
+    if (!tm)
+	return; /* overflow detected.  ok. */
+    t2 = mktime(tm);
+    if (t1 == t2)
+        return; /* round-trip.  ok. */
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+int
+main()
+{
+    time_t t;
+    if (~(time_t)0 <= 0) {
+        t = (((time_t)1) << (sizeof(time_t) * 8 - 2));
+        t |= t - 1;
+    }
+    else {
+        t = ~(time_t)0;
+    }
+    check(t);
+    return 0;
+}
+]])],
+	rb_cv_localtime_overflow=yes,
+	rb_cv_localtime_overflow=no,
+	rb_cv_localtime_overflow=no)])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_localtime_overflow" = no], [
+  AC_DEFINE(LOCALTIME_OVERFLOW_PROBLEM)
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_sigprocmask" = yes && test "$ac_cv_func_sigaction" = yes], [
+   AC_DEFINE(POSIX_SIGNAL)
+], [
+  AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sigsetmask)
+  AC_CACHE_CHECK(for BSD signal semantics, rb_cv_bsd_signal,
+    [AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+
+void
+sig_handler(dummy)
+     int dummy;
+{
+}
+
+int
+main()
+{
+  signal(SIGINT, sig_handler);
+  kill(getpid(), SIGINT);
+  kill(getpid(), SIGINT);
+  return 0;
+}
+]])],
+	rb_cv_bsd_signal=yes,
+	rb_cv_bsd_signal=no,
+	rb_cv_bsd_signal=$ac_cv_func_sigsetmask)])
+  AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_bsd_signal" = yes], [
+    AC_DEFINE(BSD_SIGNAL)
+  ])
+])
+
+AC_CHECK_TYPES([sig_t],[],[],[@%:@include <signal.h>])
+
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_getpgid" = no], [
+  # AC_FUNC_GETPGRP fails when cross-compiling with old autoconf.
+  # autoconf is changed between 2.52d and 2.52f?
+  # http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-gnu-utils/2001-09/msg00181.html
+  # "autoconf cleanup for AC_FUNC_GETPGRP and GETPGRP_VOID"
+AC_FUNC_GETPGRP
+])
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_setpgid:$ac_cv_func_setpgrp" = no:yes], [
+  # AC_FUNC_SETPGRP fails when cross-compiling.  (until autoconf 2.69?)
+  # https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-autoconf/2013-02/msg00002.html
+  # "AC_FUNC_SETPGRP fails to work properly when cross-compiling"
+AC_FUNC_SETPGRP
+])
+
+AS_IF([test x"$ac_cv_func_dirfd" = xno], [
+  AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[solaris*],
+          [AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([DIR.d_fd, DIR.dd_fd],,,[
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+])])
+])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether right shift preserve sign bit, rb_cv_rshift_sign,
+    [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([], [(-1==(-1>>1))])],
+	rb_cv_rshift_sign=yes,
+	rb_cv_rshift_sign=no)])
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_rshift_sign" = yes], [
+  AC_DEFINE(RSHIFT(x,y), ((x)>>(int)(y)))
+], [
+  AC_DEFINE(RSHIFT(x,y), (((x)<0) ? ~((~(x))>>(int)(y)) : (x)>>(int)(y)))
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_copy_file_range" = no], [
+  AC_CACHE_CHECK([for copy_file_range],
+    rb_cv_use_copy_file_range,
+    [AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#ifndef O_TMPFILE
+  #define O_TMPFILE __O_TMPFILE
+#endif
+
+int
+main()
+{
+#ifdef __NR_copy_file_range
+   int ret, fd_in, fd_out;
+   fd_in = open("/tmp", O_TMPFILE|O_RDWR, S_IRUSR);
+   fd_out = open("/tmp", O_TMPFILE|O_WRONLY, S_IWUSR);
+   ret = syscall(__NR_copy_file_range, fd_in, NULL, fd_out, NULL, 0, 0);
+   close(fd_in);
+   close(fd_out);
+   if (ret == -1) { return 1; }
+   return 0;
+#else
+   return 1;
+#endif
+}
+  ]])],
+    [rb_cv_use_copy_file_range=yes],
+    [rb_cv_use_copy_file_range=no],
+    [rb_cv_use_copy_file_range=no])])
+])
+AS_CASE(["$ac_cv_func_copy_file_range:$rb_cv_use_copy_file_range"], [*yes*], [
+  AC_DEFINE(USE_COPY_FILE_RANGE)
+])
+
+AS_CASE(["$ac_cv_func_gettimeofday:$ac_cv_func_clock_gettime"],
+[*yes*], [],
+[
+    AC_MSG_ERROR(clock_gettime() or gettimeofday() must exist)
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_sysconf" = yes], [
+  RUBY_CHECK_SYSCONF(CLK_TCK)
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "${universal_binary-no}" = yes ], [
+    archflagpat=`eval echo '"'"${ARCH_FLAG}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g'`
+    save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" new_cflags=`echo "$CFLAGS" | sed "s|$archflagpat"'||'`
+    save_LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS" new_ldflags=`echo "$LDFLAGS" | sed "s|$archflagpat"'||'`
+    stack_dir=
+    for archs in ${universal_archnames}; do
+	archs=`echo $archs | sed 's/=.*//'`
+	CFLAGS="$new_cflags -arch $archs"
+	LDFLAGS="$new_ldflags -arch $archs"
+	RUBY_STACK_GROW_DIRECTION($archs, dir)
+	AS_IF([test x$stack_dir = x], [
+	    stack_dir=$dir
+	], [test x$stack_dir != x$dir], [
+	    stack_dir=no
+	])
+    done
+    CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$save_LDFLAGS"
+    AS_IF([test x$stack_dir = xno], [
+	for archs in ${universal_archnames}; do
+	    archs=`echo $archs | sed 's/=.*//'`
+	    eval dir=\$[rb_cv_stack_grow_dir_]AS_TR_SH([$archs])
+	    RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __${archs}__], STACK_GROW_DIRECTION, $dir)
+	done
+    ], [
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(STACK_GROW_DIRECTION, $stack_dir)
+    ])
+], [
+    RUBY_STACK_GROW_DIRECTION($target_cpu, dir)
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(STACK_GROW_DIRECTION, $dir)
+])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(coroutine,
+    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-coroutine=IMPLEMENTATION], [specify the coroutine implementation to use]),
+    [rb_cv_coroutine=$withval])
+AS_CASE([$rb_cv_coroutine], [yes|''], [
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING(native coroutine implementation for ${target_cpu}-${target_os})
+    rb_cv_coroutine=
+    AS_CASE(["$target_cpu-$target_os"],
+        [x*64-darwin*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=amd64
+        ],
+        [arm64-darwin*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=arm64
+        ],
+        [x*64-linux*], [
+            AS_CASE(["$ac_cv_sizeof_voidp"],
+                [8], [ rb_cv_coroutine=amd64 ],
+                [4], [ rb_cv_coroutine=x86 ],
+                dnl unknown pointer size, bail out as no Context.h soon.
+            )
+        ],
+        [*86-linux*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=x86
+        ],
+        [x64-mingw32], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=win64
+        ],
+        [*86-mingw32], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=win32
+        ],
+        [arm*-linux*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=arm32
+        ],
+        [aarch64-linux*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=arm64
+        ],
+        [powerpc64le-linux*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=ppc64le
+        ],
+        [x86_64-openbsd*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=amd64
+        ],
+        [i386-openbsd*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=x86
+        ],
+        [*-openbsd*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=copy
+        ],
+        [*-haiku*], [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=copy
+        ],
+        [
+            rb_cv_coroutine=ucontext
+        ]
+    )
+    AC_MSG_RESULT(${rb_cv_coroutine})
+])
+COROUTINE_H=coroutine/$rb_cv_coroutine/Context.h
+AS_IF([test ! -f "$srcdir/$COROUTINE_H"],
+      [AC_MSG_ERROR('$rb_cv_coroutine' is not supported as coroutine)])
+AS_CASE([$rb_cv_coroutine],
+    [copy|ucontext], [
+        COROUTINE_SRC=coroutine/$rb_cv_coroutine/Context.c
+    ],
+    [
+        COROUTINE_SRC=coroutine/$rb_cv_coroutine/Context.'$(ASMEXT)'
+    ]
+)
+AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(COROUTINE_H, ["$COROUTINE_H"])
+AC_SUBST(X_COROUTINE_H, [$COROUTINE_H])
+AC_SUBST(X_COROUTINE_SRC, [$COROUTINE_SRC])
+
+AS_IF([test x"$enable_pthread" = xyes], [
+    for pthread_lib in thr pthread pthreads c c_r root; do
+	AC_CHECK_LIB($pthread_lib, pthread_create,
+		     rb_with_pthread=yes, rb_with_pthread=no)
+	AS_IF([test "$rb_with_pthread" = "yes"], [break])
+    done
+    AS_IF([test x"$rb_with_pthread" = xyes], [
+	AC_DEFINE(_REENTRANT)
+	AC_DEFINE(_THREAD_SAFE)
+	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBPTHREAD)
+	AC_CHECK_HEADERS(pthread_np.h, [], [], [@%:@include <pthread.h>])
+	AS_CASE(["$pthread_lib:$target_os"],
+		[c:*], [],
+		[root:*], [],
+		[c_r:*|*:openbsd*|*:mirbsd*],  [LIBS="-pthread $LIBS"],
+		[LIBS="-l$pthread_lib $LIBS"])
+    ], [
+	AC_MSG_WARN("Don't know how to find pthread library on your system -- thread support disabled")
+    ])
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether pthread_t is scalar type], [rb_cv_scalar_pthread_t], [
+	AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+	    @%:@include <pthread.h>
+	    ]], [[
+	    pthread_t thread_id;
+	    thread_id = 0;
+	    if (!thread_id) return 0;
+	    ]])],[rb_cv_scalar_pthread_t=yes],[rb_cv_scalar_pthread_t=no])
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test x"$rb_cv_scalar_pthread_t" = xyes], [
+	: # RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(pthread_t, [void* int long], [], [@%:@include <pthread.h>])
+    ], [
+	AC_DEFINE(NON_SCALAR_THREAD_ID)
+    ])
+    AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sched_yield pthread_attr_setinheritsched \
+	pthread_attr_get_np pthread_attr_getstack pthread_attr_getguardsize \
+	pthread_get_stackaddr_np pthread_get_stacksize_np \
+	thr_stksegment pthread_stackseg_np pthread_getthrds_np \
+	pthread_condattr_setclock \
+	pthread_sigmask pthread_setname_np pthread_set_name_np)
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[aix*],[ac_cv_func_pthread_getattr_np=no],[AC_CHECK_FUNCS(pthread_getattr_np)])
+    set_current_thread_name=
+    AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_pthread_setname_np" = yes], [
+	AC_CACHE_CHECK([arguments of pthread_setname_np], [rb_cv_func_pthread_setname_np_arguments],
+	    [rb_cv_func_pthread_setname_np_arguments=
+	    # Linux,AIX,  (pthread_self(), name)
+	    # NetBSD (pthread_self(), \"%s\", name)
+	    # Darwin (name)
+	    for mac in \
+		"(pthread_self(), name)" \
+		"(pthread_self(), \"%s\", name)" \
+		"(name)" \
+		; do
+		AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+		    @%:@include <pthread.h>
+		    @%:@ifdef HAVE_PTHREAD_NP_H
+		    @%:@include <pthread_np.h>
+		    @%:@endif
+		    @%:@define SET_THREAD_NAME(name) pthread_setname_np${mac}
+		    ]],
+		    [[if (SET_THREAD_NAME("conftest")) return 1;]])],
+		    [rb_cv_func_pthread_setname_np_arguments="${mac}"
+		    break])
+	    done
+	    ]
+	)
+	AS_IF([test -n "${rb_cv_func_pthread_setname_np_arguments}"], [
+	    set_current_thread_name="pthread_setname_np${rb_cv_func_pthread_setname_np_arguments}"
+	])
+    ], [test "$ac_cv_func_pthread_set_name_np" = yes], [
+	set_current_thread_name="pthread_set_name_np(pthread_self(), name)"
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test -n "$set_current_thread_name"], [
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(SET_CURRENT_THREAD_NAME(name), $set_current_thread_name)
+	AS_CASE([$set_current_thread_name],
+	    [*'pthread_self()'*], [
+		set_another_thread_name=`echo "$set_current_thread_name" | sed 's/pthread_self()/thid/'`
+		AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(SET_ANOTHER_THREAD_NAME(thid,name), $set_another_thread_name)
+	    ])
+    ])
+])
+
+AS_IF([test x"$ac_cv_header_ucontext_h" = xno], [
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([if signal.h defines ucontext_t], [rb_cv_ucontext_in_signal_h],
+	[AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <signal.h>]],
+					    [[size_t size = sizeof(ucontext_t);]])],
+	[rb_cv_ucontext_in_signal_h=yes], [rb_cv_ucontext_in_signal_h=no])])
+    AS_IF([test x"$rb_cv_ucontext_in_signal_h" = xyes], [
+	    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(UCONTEXT_IN_SIGNAL_H, 1)
+    ])
+])
+AS_IF([test x"$ac_cv_header_ucontext_h" = xyes -o x"$rb_cv_ucontext_in_signal_h" = xyes], [
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([if mcontext_t is a pointer], [rb_cv_mcontext_t_ptr],
+	[AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+	    @%:@include <signal.h>
+	    @%:@ifdef HAVE_UCONTEXT_H
+	    @%:@include <ucontext.h>
+	    @%:@endif
+        mcontext_t test(mcontext_t mc) {return mc+1;}
+	  ]],
+	  [[test(0);]])],
+	[rb_cv_mcontext_t_ptr=yes], [rb_cv_mcontext_t_ptr=no])])
+    AS_IF([test x"$rb_cv_mcontext_t_ptr" = xyes], [
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DEFINE_MCONTEXT_PTR(mc, uc), mcontext_t mc = (uc)->uc_mcontext)
+    ], [
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DEFINE_MCONTEXT_PTR(mc, uc), mcontext_t *mc = &(uc)->uc_mcontext)
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test x"$rb_with_pthread" = xyes], [
+	AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getcontext setcontext)
+    ])
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_fork_works" = "yes" -a "$rb_with_pthread" = "yes"], [
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([if fork works with pthread], rb_cv_fork_with_pthread,
+	[AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#ifndef EXIT_SUCCESS
+#define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
+#endif
+#ifndef EXIT_FAILURE
+#define EXIT_FAILURE 1
+#endif
+
+void *
+thread_func(void *dmy)
+{
+    return dmy;
+}
+
+int
+use_threads(void)
+{
+    pthread_t tid;
+    if (pthread_create(&tid, 0, thread_func, 0) != 0) {
+	return -1;
+    }
+    if (pthread_join(tid, 0) != 0) {
+	return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    pid_t pid;
+    if (use_threads()) return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    pid = fork();
+
+    if (pid) {
+	int loc;
+	sleep(1);
+	if (waitpid(pid, &loc, WNOHANG) == 0) {
+	    kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+	    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	}
+        if (!WIFEXITED(loc) || WEXITSTATUS(loc) != EXIT_SUCCESS)
+           return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+    else {
+	if (use_threads()) return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}]])],
+	rb_cv_fork_with_pthread=yes,
+	rb_cv_fork_with_pthread=no,
+	rb_cv_fork_with_pthread=yes)])
+    test x$rb_cv_fork_with_pthread = xyes || AC_DEFINE(CANNOT_FORK_WITH_PTHREAD)
+])
+}
+
+: "runtime section" && {
+dnl wheather use dln_a_out or not
+AC_ARG_WITH(dln-a-out,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-dln-a-out], [use dln_a_out if possible]),
+	[
+	AS_CASE([$withval],
+	[yes], [
+	    AS_IF([test "$enable_shared" = yes], [
+		AC_MSG_ERROR(dln_a_out can not make shared library)
+	    ])
+	    with_dln_a_out=yes],
+	[
+	    with_dln_a_out=no])], [with_dln_a_out=no])
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether ELF binaries are produced, rb_cv_binary_elf,
+[AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[]], [[]])],[
+AS_CASE(["`head -1 conftest$EXEEXT | tr -dc '\177ELF' | tr '\177' .`"],
+[.ELF*], [rb_cv_binary_elf=yes], [rb_cv_binary_elf=no])],
+rb_cv_binary_elf=no)])
+
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes], [
+  AC_DEFINE(USE_ELF)
+  AS_IF([test "$with_dln_a_out" = yes], [
+    AC_MSG_ERROR(dln_a_out does not work with ELF)
+  ])
+  AC_CHECK_HEADERS([elf.h elf_abi.h])
+  AS_IF([test $ac_cv_header_elf_h = yes -o $ac_cv_header_elf_abi_h = yes], [
+    AC_LIBOBJ([addr2line])
+    AC_CHECK_LIB([z], [uncompress])
+  ])
+])
+
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS([mach-o/loader.h])
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_header_mach_o_loader_h" = yes], [
+  AC_LIBOBJ([addr2line])
+])
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+[linux* | gnu* | k*bsd*-gnu | bsdi* | kopensolaris*-gnu], [
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = no], [
+	with_dln_a_out=yes
+    ], [
+	LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -rdynamic"
+    ])])
+LIBEXT=a
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(mjit-tabs,
+    AS_HELP_STRING([--without-mjit-tabs], [expand tabs in mjit header]),
+    [AS_IF([test $withval = no], [MJIT_TABS=false])])
+AC_SUBST(MJIT_TABS)dnl
+AC_SUBST(DLDFLAGS)dnl
+AC_SUBST(ARCH_FLAG)dnl
+AC_SUBST(MJIT_HEADER_FLAGS)dnl
+AC_SUBST(MJIT_HEADER_INSTALL_DIR)dnl
+AC_SUBST(MJIT_CC)dnl
+AS_IF([test "$GCC" = "yes"], [
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[aix*],[mjit_std_cflag="-std=gnu99"])
+])
+AC_SUBST(MJIT_CFLAGS, [${MJIT_CFLAGS-"-w ${mjit_std_cflag} ${orig_cflags}"}])dnl
+AC_SUBST(MJIT_OPTFLAGS, [${MJIT_OPTFLAGS-'$(optflags)'}])dnl
+AC_SUBST(MJIT_DEBUGFLAGS, [${MJIT_DEBUGFLAGS-'$(debugflags)'}])dnl
+AC_SUBST(MJIT_LDSHARED)dnl
+
+AC_SUBST(STATIC)dnl
+AC_SUBST(CCDLFLAGS)dnl
+AC_SUBST(LDSHARED)dnl
+AC_SUBST(LDSHAREDXX)dnl
+AC_SUBST(DLEXT)dnl
+AC_SUBST(DLEXT2)dnl
+AC_SUBST(LIBEXT)dnl
+AC_SUBST(ASMEXT, S)dnl
+
+STATIC=
+
+AS_IF([test "$with_dln_a_out" != yes], [
+  rb_cv_dlopen=unknown
+  AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether OS depend dynamic link works)
+  AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [darwin*], [
+      # The -fno-common is needed if we wish to embed the Ruby interpreter
+      # into a plugin module of some project (as opposed to embedding it
+      # within the project's application).  The -I/usr/local/include is
+      # needed because CPP as discovered by configure (cc -E -traditional)
+      # fails to consult /usr/local/include by default.  This causes
+      # mkmf.rb's have_header() to fail if the desired resource happens to be
+      # installed in the /usr/local tree.
+      RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CCDLFLAGS, -fno-common)],
+    [bsdi*|cygwin*|mingw*|aix*|interix*], [ ],
+    [
+      RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CCDLFLAGS, -fPIC)])
+  ], [
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+	[hpux*],          [CCDLFLAGS="$CCDLFLAGS +Z"],
+	[solaris*|irix*], [CCDLFLAGS="$CCDLFLAGS -KPIC"],
+	[sunos*],         [CCDLFLAGS="$CCDLFLAGS -PIC"],
+	[esix*|uxpds*],   [CCDLFLAGS="$CCDLFLAGS -KPIC"],
+	                  [: ${CCDLFLAGS=""}])
+  ])
+
+
+  AC_ARG_ENABLE(rpath,
+       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-rpath], [embed run path into extension libraries.
+       enabled by default on ELF platforms]),
+       [enable_rpath=$enableval], [enable_rpath="$rb_cv_binary_elf"])
+
+  AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+	[hpux*], [	DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS -E"
+			: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -b'}
+			XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS -Wl,-E"
+			: ${LIBPATHENV=SHLIB_PATH}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[solaris*], [	AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+			    : ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
+			    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld" = yes], [
+				LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-E"
+			    ])
+			], [
+			    : ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -G'}
+			])
+			AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_sizeof_voidp" = 8], [
+			    : ${LIBPATHENV=LD_LIBRARY_PATH_64}
+			    : ${PRELOADENV=LD_PRELOAD_64}
+			], [
+			    : ${LIBPATHENV=LD_LIBRARY_PATH_32}
+			    : ${PRELOADENV=LD_PRELOAD_32}
+			])
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[sunos*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -assert nodefinitions'}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[irix*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -shared'}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[sysv4*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -G'}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[nto-qnx*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[esix*|uxpds*], [ : ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -G'}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[osf*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -shared -expect_unresolved "*"'}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[bsdi3*], [	AS_CASE(["$CC"],
+			[*shlicc*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -r'}
+					rb_cv_dlopen=yes])],
+	[linux* | gnu* | k*bsd*-gnu | netbsd* | bsdi* | kopensolaris*-gnu | haiku*], [
+			: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
+			AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes], [
+			    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-export-dynamic"
+			])
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[interix*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
+			XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS -Wl,-E"
+			LIBPATHFLAG=" -L%1\$-s"
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[freebsd*|dragonfly*], [
+			: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
+			AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes], [
+			    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -rdynamic"
+			    DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-soname,$@'
+			], [
+			  test "$GCC" = yes && test "$rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld" = yes || LDSHARED='$(LD) -Bshareable'
+			])
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[openbsd*|mirbsd*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared ${CCDLFLAGS}'}
+			AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes], [
+			    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-E"
+			])
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[darwin*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -dynamic -bundle'}
+			: ${DLDSHARED='$(CC) -dynamiclib'}
+			: ${LDFLAGS=""}
+			: ${LIBPATHENV=DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH}
+			: ${PRELOADENV=DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES}
+                        AS_IF([test x"$enable_shared" = xyes], [
+                            # Resolve symbols from libruby.dylib when --enable-shared
+                            EXTDLDFLAGS='$(LIBRUBYARG_SHARED)'
+                        ], [test "x$EXTSTATIC" = x], [
+                            # When building exts as bundles, a mach-o bundle needs to know its loader
+                            # program to bind symbols from the ruby executable
+                            EXTDLDFLAGS="-bundle_loader '\$(BUILTRUBY)'"
+			])
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+        [aix*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC)'}
+			AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+			    LDSHARED="$LDSHARED ${linker_flag}-G -shared"
+			], [
+			    LDSHARED="$LDSHARED ${linker_flag}-G"
+			])
+			EXTDLDFLAGS='-e$(TARGET_ENTRY)'
+			XLDFLAGS="${linker_flag}"'-bE:$(ARCHFILE)'" ${linker_flag}-brtl"
+			XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS ${linker_flag}-blibpath:${prefix}/lib:${LIBPATH:-/usr/lib:/lib}"
+			: ${ARCHFILE="ruby.imp"}
+                        TRY_LINK='$(CC) -oconftest $(INCFLAGS) -I$(hdrdir) $(CPPFLAGS)'
+                        TRY_LINK="$TRY_LINK"' $(CFLAGS) $(src) $(LIBPATH) $(LDFLAGS) $(LOCAL_LIBS) $(LIBS)'
+			: ${LIBPATHENV=LIBPATH}
+			: ${PRELOADENV=LDR_PRELOAD}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[nto-qnx*], [	DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS -L/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/lib"
+			: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -Bshareable -x'}
+			LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -L/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/lib"
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[cygwin*|mingw*], [
+			: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
+			XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS -Wl,--stack,0x00200000,--enable-auto-import"
+			DLDFLAGS="${DLDFLAGS} -Wl,--enable-auto-image-base,--enable-auto-import"
+			: ${LIBPATHENV=PATH}
+			: ${PRELOADENV=""}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[hiuxmpp], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(LD) -r'}],
+	[atheos*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
+			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
+	[	: ${LDSHARED='$(LD)'}])
+  AC_MSG_RESULT($rb_cv_dlopen)
+
+  AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_dlopen" = yes], [
+    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+      [darwin*], [
+        AC_SUBST(ADDITIONAL_DLDFLAGS, "")
+	for flag in \
+	  "-multiply_defined suppress" \
+	  "-undefined dynamic_lookup" \
+	  ; do
+      test "x${linker_flag}" = x || flag="${linker_flag}`echo ${flag} | tr ' ' ,`"
+      RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([$flag], [], [flag=])
+      AS_IF([test x"$flag" = x], [continue])
+
+      AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether $flag is accepted for bundle])
+      : > conftest.c
+      AS_IF([${LDSHARED/'$(CC)'/$CC} -o conftest.bundle $flag conftest.c >/dev/null 2>conftest.err &&
+          test ! -s conftest.err], [
+          AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
+          RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(DLDFLAGS, [$flag])
+      ], [
+          AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
+          RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(ADDITIONAL_DLDFLAGS, [$flag])
+      ])
+      rm -fr conftest.*
+	done
+      ])
+  ])
+
+  AS_IF([test "$enable_rpath:${RPATHFLAG}" = yes:], [
+      AS_IF([test "x$rpathflag" != x], [
+	  RPATHFLAG=" ${rpathflag}%1\$-s"
+      ])
+  ])
+])
+AS_IF([test "${LDSHAREDXX}" = ""], [
+    AS_CASE(["${LDSHARED}"],
+	[*'$(CC)'*], [
+	    LDSHAREDXX=`echo "${LDSHARED}" | sed 's/\$(CC)/$(CXX)/'`
+	    ],
+	[*'${CC}'*], [
+	    LDSHAREDXX=`echo "${LDSHARED}" | sed 's/\${CC}/${CXX}/'`
+	    ],
+	[*$CC*], [
+	    LDSHAREDXX=`echo "${LDSHARED}" | sed "s|$CC|$CXX|"`
+	    ],
+	[ld" "*], [
+	    ])
+])
+AS_CASE([${RPATHFLAG}],[*'%1$'*],[: ${LIBPATHFLAG=' -L%1$-s'}],[: ${LIBPATHFLAG=' -L%s'}])
+
+AC_SUBST(LINK_SO)
+AC_SUBST(LIBPATHFLAG)
+AC_SUBST(RPATHFLAG)
+AC_SUBST(LIBPATHENV, "${LIBPATHENV-LD_LIBRARY_PATH}")
+AC_SUBST(PRELOADENV, "${PRELOADENV-LD_PRELOAD}")
+AC_SUBST(TRY_LINK)
+
+AS_IF([test "x$OPT_DIR" != x], [
+    pat=`echo "${LDFLAGS_OPTDIR}" | sed ['s/[][\\.*|]/\\\\&/']`
+    LDFLAGS=`echo "${LDFLAGS}" | sed "s| ${pat}||"`
+    val=`IFS="$PATH_SEPARATOR"
+        for dir in $OPT_DIR; do
+            echo x ${LIBPATHFLAG} ${RPATHFLAG} |
+            sed "s/^x *//;s${IFS}"'%1\\$-s'"${IFS}${dir}/lib${IFS}g;s${IFS}%s${IFS}${dir}/lib${IFS}g"
+        done | tr '\012' ' ' | sed 's/ *$//'`
+    AS_IF([test x"$val" != x], [
+	test x"${LDFLAGS}" = x || LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS "
+	LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS$val"
+	test x"${DLDFLAGS}" = x || DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS "
+	DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS$val"
+    ])
+    LDFLAGS_OPTDIR="$val"
+])
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+[freebsd*], [
+    AC_CHECK_LIB([procstat], [procstat_open_sysctl])
+    AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_lib_procstat_procstat_open_sysctl" = xyes], [
+	AC_CHECK_FUNCS(procstat_getvmmap)
+    ])
+    ])
+AS_CASE(["$target_cpu-$target_os"],
+[*-darwin*], [
+    AC_CHECK_HEADERS([libproc.h])
+    AC_CHECK_HEADERS([execinfo.h])
+    AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_header_execinfo_h" = xyes], [
+	AC_CHECK_LIB([execinfo], [backtrace])
+	AC_CHECK_HEADERS([libunwind.h])
+    ])],
+[*-freebsd*|x86_64-netbsd*], [
+    AC_CHECK_HEADERS([execinfo.h])
+    AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_header_execinfo_h" = xyes], [
+	AC_CHECK_LIB([execinfo], [backtrace])
+	AC_CHECK_LIB([unwind], [unw_backtrace])
+    ])])
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(backtrace)
+
+AS_IF([test "x$ac_cv_func_backtrace" = xyes], [
+  AC_CACHE_CHECK(for broken backtrace, rb_cv_broken_backtrace,
+    [AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <execinfo.h>
+
+]`grep '^@%:@ *define  *RUBY_SIGALTSTACK_SIZE' ${srcdir}/signal.c`[
+#define TRACE_SIZE 256
+
+void sigsegv(int signum, siginfo_t *info, void *ctx){
+    void *trace[TRACE_SIZE];
+    int n = backtrace(trace, TRACE_SIZE);
+    if (n > 0) {
+	/*fprintf(stdout, "backtrace:%d\n",n);*/
+    } else {
+	_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+}
+int
+main(void)
+{
+    volatile int *a = NULL;
+    stack_t ss;
+    struct sigaction sa;
+
+    ss.ss_sp = malloc(RUBY_SIGALTSTACK_SIZE);
+    if (ss.ss_sp == NULL) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "cannot allocate memory for sigaltstack\n");
+	return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+    ss.ss_size = RUBY_SIGALTSTACK_SIZE;
+    ss.ss_flags = 0;
+    if (sigaltstack(&ss, NULL) == -1) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "sigaltstack failed\n");
+	return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+    memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(struct sigaction));
+    sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
+    sa.sa_sigaction = sigsegv;
+    sa.sa_flags |= SA_SIGINFO;
+    sa.sa_flags |= SA_ONSTACK;
+    sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sa, NULL);
+    a[0] = 1;
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+]])],
+	rb_cv_broken_backtrace=no,
+	rb_cv_broken_backtrace=yes,
+	rb_cv_broken_backtrace=no)])
+  AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_broken_backtrace" = yes], [
+    AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_BACKTRACE, 1)
+  ])
+])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(valgrind,
+        AS_HELP_STRING([--without-valgrind],[disable valgrind memcheck support]),
+        [], with_valgrind=yes)
+AS_IF([test x$with_valgrind != xno],
+        [AC_CHECK_HEADERS(valgrind/memcheck.h)])
+
+dln_a_out_works=no
+AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_header_a_out_h" = yes], [
+  AS_IF([test "$with_dln_a_out" = yes || test "$rb_cv_dlopen" = unknown], [
+    cat confdefs.h > config.h
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether matz's dln works, rb_cv_dln_a_out,
+    [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+#define USE_DLN_A_OUT
+#include "dln.c"
+]], [[]])],
+	rb_cv_dln_a_out=yes,
+	rb_cv_dln_a_out=no)])
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_dln_a_out" = yes], [
+      dln_a_out_works=yes
+      AC_DEFINE(USE_DLN_A_OUT)
+    ])
+  ])
+])
+
+AS_IF([test "$dln_a_out_works" = yes], [
+  AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+    STATIC=-static
+  ], [
+    STATIC=-Bstatic
+  ])
+  DLEXT=so
+  CCDLFLAGS=
+], [
+  AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [hpux*], [
+	DLEXT=sl],
+    [darwin*], [
+	SOEXT=dylib
+	DLEXT=bundle],
+    [cygwin*|mingw*|*djgpp*], [
+	LOAD_RELATIVE=1
+	SOEXT=dll
+	DLEXT=so],
+    [
+	DLEXT=so])
+])
+: ${SOEXT="${DLEXT}"}
+AC_SUBST(SOEXT)
+AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_dlopen:$load_relative" = yes:yes], [
+    AS_IF([test "$ac_cv_func_dladdr" = yes], [
+	LOAD_RELATIVE=1
+    ])
+])
+AS_IF([test x"$LOAD_RELATIVE" = x1], [
+    load_relative=yes
+], [
+    unset load_relative
+])
+
+len=2 # .rb
+n=`expr "$DLEXT"  : '.*'`; test "$n" -gt "$len" && len=$n
+n=`expr "$DLEXT2" : '.*'`; test "$n" -gt "$len" && len=$n
+AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DLEXT_MAXLEN, `expr $len + 1`)
+test ".$DLEXT"  = "." || AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DLEXT,  ".$DLEXT")
+test ".$DLEXT2" = "." || AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DLEXT2, ".$DLEXT2")
+AC_SUBST(DLEXT)
+
+AS_IF([test "$with_dln_a_out" = yes], [
+  STRIP=true
+], [
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for $STRIP flags])
+    AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM], [AS_IF(
+        ["${STRIP}" -A -n conftest$ac_exeext 2>/dev/null], [
+            AC_MSG_RESULT([-A -n])
+            STRIP="${STRIP} -A -n"
+        ],
+        ["${STRIP}" -S -x conftest$ac_exeext 2>/dev/null], [
+            AC_MSG_RESULT([-S -x])
+            STRIP="${STRIP} -S -x"
+        ], [
+            AC_MSG_RESULT([none needed])
+        ])
+    ])
+])
+
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(ext,
+            AS_HELP_STRING([--with-ext=EXTS],
+                           [pass to --with-ext option of extmk.rb]))
+AC_ARG_WITH(out-ext,
+            AS_HELP_STRING([--with-out-ext=EXTS],
+                           [pass to --without-ext option of extmk.rb]))
+EXTSTATIC=
+AC_SUBST(EXTSTATIC)dnl
+AC_ARG_WITH(static-linked-ext,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-static-linked-ext], [link external modules statically]),
+            [AS_CASE([$withval],[yes],[STATIC=;EXTSTATIC=static],[no],[],[EXTSTATIC="$withval"])])
+AS_CASE([",$EXTSTATIC,"], [,static,|*,enc,*], [
+  ENCOBJS='enc/encinit.$(OBJEXT) enc/libenc.$(LIBEXT) enc/libtrans.$(LIBEXT)'
+  EXTOBJS='ext/extinit.$(OBJEXT)'
+  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(EXTSTATIC, 1)
+  AC_SUBST(ENCSTATIC, static)
+], [
+  ENCOBJS='dmyenc.$(OBJEXT)'
+  EXTOBJS='dmyext.$(OBJEXT)'
+])
+AC_SUBST(ENCOBJS)
+AC_SUBST(EXTOBJS)
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(setup,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-setup=SETUP], [use extension libraries setup]),
+	    [setup=$withval])
+AS_IF([test -n "$setup"], [
+    AS_IF([! test -f "ext/$setup" -o -f "$srcdir/ext/$setup"], [
+	AC_MSG_ERROR(Setup file $setup not found under ext or $srcdir/ext)
+    ])
+], [test -f "$srcdir/ext/Setup.$target_os"], [
+    setup="Setup.$target_os"
+], [
+    setup=
+    for file in "$srcdir"/ext/Setup.*; do
+	AS_CASE(["$file"], [*~|*.bak|*.orig|*.rej|*.tmp], [continue])
+	setup=`basename "$file"`
+	AS_CASE(["$target_os"], [`expr "$setup" : 'Setup.\(.*\)'`*], [break])
+	platform=`sed '/^option  *platform  */!d;s///;s/|/*|/g;q' "$file"`
+	AS_IF([test "x$platform" != x], [
+	    eval "AS_CASE([\"\$target_os\"], [$platform*], [break])"
+	])
+	setup=
+    done
+    : ${setup:=Setup}
+])
+AC_SUBST(setup)
+
+rubylibprefix='${libdir}/${RUBY_BASE_NAME}'
+AC_ARG_WITH(rubylibprefix,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rubylibprefix=DIR], [prefix for ruby libraries [[LIBDIR/RUBY_BASE_NAME]]]),
+	    [AS_IF([test "x$withval" = xno], [
+		AC_MSG_ERROR([No ruby, No libprefix])
+	    ])
+	    rubylibprefix="$withval"])
+AC_SUBST(rubylibprefix)
+
+AS_IF([test x"${exec_prefix}" != xNONE], [
+    RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX="$exec_prefix"
+], [test x"$prefix" != xNONE], [
+    RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX="$prefix"
+], [
+    RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX=$ac_default_prefix
+])
+pat=`echo "${RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX}" | tr -c '\012' .`'\(.*\)'
+for var in bindir libdir rubylibprefix; do
+    eval val='"$'$var'"'
+    AS_CASE(["$val"], ["${RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX}"*], [val='${exec_prefix}'"`expr \"$val\" : \"$pat\"`"])
+    eval $var='"$val"'
+done
+
+BTESTRUBY='$(MINIRUBY)'
+BOOTSTRAPRUBY='$(BASERUBY)'
+AS_IF([test x"$cross_compiling" = xyes], [
+  test x"$MINIRUBY" = x && MINIRUBY="${RUBY-$BASERUBY} -I`$CHDIR .; pwd` "-r'$(arch)-fake'
+  XRUBY_LIBDIR=`${RUBY-$BASERUBY} -rrbconfig -e ['puts RbConfig::CONFIG["libdir"]']`
+  XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR=`${RUBY-$BASERUBY} -rrbconfig -e ['puts RbConfig::CONFIG["rubylibdir"]']`
+  XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR=`${RUBY-$BASERUBY} -rrbconfig -e ['puts RbConfig::CONFIG["rubyhdrdir"]']`
+  AC_SUBST(XRUBY_LIBDIR)
+  AC_SUBST(XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR)
+  AC_SUBST(XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR)
+  PREP='$(arch)-fake.rb'
+  RUNRUBY_COMMAND='$(MINIRUBY) -I`cd $(srcdir)/lib; pwd`'
+  RUNRUBY='$(RUNRUBY_COMMAND)'
+  XRUBY='$(MINIRUBY)'
+  TEST_RUNNABLE=no
+  CROSS_COMPILING=yes
+  AC_DEFINE(CROSS_COMPILING, 1)
+], [
+  MINIRUBY='./miniruby$(EXEEXT) -I$(srcdir)/lib -I.'
+  MINIRUBY="$MINIRUBY"' -I$(EXTOUT)/common'
+  PREP='miniruby$(EXEEXT)'
+  RUNRUBY_COMMAND='$(MINIRUBY) $(tooldir)/runruby.rb --extout=$(EXTOUT) $(RUNRUBYOPT)'
+  RUNRUBY='$(RUNRUBY_COMMAND) --'
+  XRUBY='$(RUNRUBY)'
+  AS_CASE(["$HAVE_BASERUBY:$build_os"], [no:*|*:mingw*], [BOOTSTRAPRUBY='$(MINIRUBY)'])
+  TEST_RUNNABLE=yes
+  CROSS_COMPILING=no
+])
+AC_SUBST(TEST_RUNNABLE)
+AC_SUBST(CROSS_COMPILING)
+AC_SUBST(MINIRUBY)
+AC_SUBST(BTESTRUBY)
+AC_SUBST(PREP)
+AC_SUBST(RUNRUBY_COMMAND)
+AC_SUBST(RUNRUBY)
+AC_SUBST(XRUBY)
+AC_SUBST(BOOTSTRAPRUBY)
+AC_SUBST(EXTOUT, [${EXTOUT=.ext}])
+
+FIRSTMAKEFILE=""
+LIBRUBY_A='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME)-static.a'
+LIBRUBY='$(LIBRUBY_A)'
+LIBRUBYARG_STATIC='-l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)-static'
+LIBRUBYARG='$(LIBRUBYARG_STATIC)'
+SOLIBS='$(MAINLIBS)'
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+  [cygwin*|mingw*|haiku*|darwin*], [
+    : ${DLDLIBS=""}
+    ],
+  [
+    DLDLIBS="$DLDLIBS -lc"
+    ])
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(multiarch,
+	      AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-multiarch], [enable multiarch compatible directories]),
+	      [multiarch=], [unset multiarch])
+AS_IF([test ${multiarch+set}], [
+   AC_DEFINE(ENABLE_MULTIARCH)
+   MJIT_HEADER_INSTALL_DIR=include/'${arch}/${RUBY_VERSION_NAME}'
+], [
+   MJIT_HEADER_INSTALL_DIR=include/'${RUBY_VERSION_NAME}/${arch}'
+])
+
+archlibdir='${libdir}/${arch}'
+sitearchlibdir='${libdir}/${sitearch}'
+archincludedir='${includedir}/${arch}'
+sitearchincludedir='${includedir}/${sitearch}'
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(soname,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-soname=SONAME], [base name of shared library]),
+	[RUBY_SO_NAME=$withval],
+	[
+	    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+	    [darwin*], [
+	        RUBY_SO_NAME='$(RUBY_BASE_NAME).$(RUBY_API_VERSION)'
+	    ],
+	    [cygwin*], [
+	        RUBY_SO_NAME='$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)0'
+	    ],
+	    [mingw*], [
+		RUBY_SO_NAME="${rb_cv_msvcrt}"'-$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)0'
+		AS_IF([test x"${target_cpu}" != xi386], [
+		    RUBY_SO_NAME="${target_cpu}-${RUBY_SO_NAME}"
+		])
+	    ],
+	    [RUBY_SO_NAME='$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)'])
+	])
+
+LIBRUBY_LDSHARED=${DLDSHARED=${LDSHARED}}
+LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS=$DLDFLAGS
+LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT).$(RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION)'
+LIBRUBY_SONAME='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT).$(RUBY_API_VERSION)'
+LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT)'
+ENABLE_SHARED=no
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(shared,
+       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-shared], [build a shared library for Ruby]),
+       [enable_shared=$enableval])
+libprefix=${multiarch+'$(archlibdir)'}${multiarch-'$(libdir)'}
+LIBRUBY_RELATIVE=${load_relative-no}
+AS_CASE("$enable_shared", [yes], [
+  LIBRUBY='$(LIBRUBY_SO)'
+  LIBRUBYARG_SHARED='-l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'
+  LIBRUBYARG='$(LIBRUBYARG_SHARED)'
+  LIBRUBY_RELATIVE=no
+  test -z "$CCDLFLAGS" || CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $CCDLFLAGS"
+  ENABLE_SHARED=yes
+
+  # libdir can be overridden in config.site file (on OpenSUSE at least).
+  libdir_basename=lib
+  AS_IF([test "$bindir" = '${exec_prefix}/bin'], [
+    AS_CASE(["$libdir"], ['${exec_prefix}/'*], [libdir_basename=`basename "$libdir"`])
+  ])
+  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(LIBDIR_BASENAME, ["${libdir_basename}"])
+  libdir_basename="${libdir_basename}"${multiarch+'/${arch}'}
+
+  RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([${linker_flag}--no-as-needed], [no_as_needed=yes], [no_as_needed=no])
+  AS_IF([test "$no_as_needed" = yes], [
+      RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(LDFLAGS, [${linker_flag}--no-as-needed])
+  ])
+
+  AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [freebsd*|dragonfly*], [],
+    [
+     AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes], [
+       RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([${linker_flag}--no-undefined], [no_undefined=yes], [no_undefined=no])
+       AS_IF([test "no_undefined" = yes], [
+	  RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(EXTLDFLAGS, [${linker_flag}--no-undefined])
+       ])
+     ])
+    ])
+
+  AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [sunos4*], [
+	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='$(LIBRUBY_SONAME) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT)'
+	],
+    [linux* | gnu* | k*bsd*-gnu | atheos* | kopensolaris*-gnu | haiku*], [
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS, ['-Wl,-soname,$(LIBRUBY_SONAME)' "$LDFLAGS_OPTDIR"])
+	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='$(LIBRUBY_SONAME) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT)'
+	AS_IF([test "$load_relative" = yes], [
+	    libprefix="'\$\${ORIGIN}/../${libdir_basename}'"
+	    LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath,${libprefix}"
+	    LIBRUBY_RELATIVE=yes
+	])
+	],
+    [freebsd*|dragonfly*], [
+	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT).$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)'
+	LIBRUBY_SONAME='$(LIBRUBY_SO)'
+	AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" != "yes" ], [
+	    LIBRUBY_SO="$LIBRUBY_SO.\$(TEENY)"
+	    LIBRUBY_ALIASES=''
+	])
+	],
+    [netbsd*], [
+	LIBRUBY_SONAME='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT).$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)'
+	LIBRUBY_SO="${LIBRUBY_SONAME}"'.$(TEENY)'
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS, ['-Wl,-soname,$(LIBRUBY_SONAME)' "$LDFLAGS_OPTDIR"])
+	AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes], [ # ELF platforms
+	   LIBRUBY_ALIASES='$(LIBRUBY_SONAME) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT)'
+	], [	# a.out platforms
+	   LIBRUBY_ALIASES=""
+	])
+	],
+    [openbsd*|mirbsd*], [
+	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT).$(MAJOR).'`expr ${MINOR} \* 10 + ${TEENY}`
+	],
+    [solaris*], [
+	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT).$(MAJOR)'
+	LIBRUBY_SONAME='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT).$(RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION)'
+	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='$(LIBRUBY_SONAME) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT)'
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS, ["${linker_flag}-h${linker_flag:+,}"'$(@F)'])
+	XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS "'-R${libdir}'
+	],
+    [hpux*], [
+	XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS "'-Wl,+s,+b,$(libdir)'
+	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='$(LIBRUBY_SONAME) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT)'
+	],
+    [aix*], [
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS, ["${linker_flag}-bnoentry" "$XLDFLAGS" "$LDFLAGS_OPTDIR"])
+	LIBRUBYARG_SHARED='-L${libdir} -l${RUBY_SO_NAME}'
+	LIBS="$LIBS -lm -lc"
+	],
+    [darwin*], [
+	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).$(SOEXT)'
+	LIBRUBY_SONAME='$(LIBRUBY_SO)'
+	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).$(SOEXT)'
+	AS_IF([test "$load_relative" = yes], [
+	    libprefix="@executable_path/../${libdir_basename}"
+	    LIBRUBY_RELATIVE=yes
+	])
+	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS -install_name ${libprefix}"'/$(LIBRUBY_SONAME)'
+	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-compatibility_version $(RUBY_API_VERSION)'
+	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-current_version $(RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION)'
+	AS_IF([test "$visibility_option" = ld], [
+	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-unexported_symbol,_Init_*'
+	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-unexported_symbol,_ruby_static_id_*'
+	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-unexported_symbol,*_threadptr_*'
+	])
+	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "' $(XLDFLAGS)'
+	],
+    [interix*], [
+	LIBRUBYARG_SHARED='-L. -L${libdir} -l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'
+	],
+    [mingw*|cygwin*|mswin*], [
+	LIBRUBY_RELATIVE=yes
+	])
+], [
+  LIBRUBYARG_SHARED=
+
+  # enable PIE if possible
+  AC_ARG_ENABLE(pie,
+          AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-pie], [disable PIE feature]),
+          [pie=$enableval], [pie=])
+  AS_IF([test "$GCC" = yes -a -z "$EXTSTATIC" -a "x$pie" != xno], [
+    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-fPIE, [pie=yes], [pie=no])
+    AS_IF([test "$pie" = yes], [
+      # Use -fPIE when testing -pie.  RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS sets
+      # $save_CFLAGS internally, so set other name here.
+      save_CFLAGS_before_pie="$CFLAGS"
+      CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -fPIE"
+
+      # gcc need -pie but clang need -Wl,-pie.
+      for pie in -pie -Wl,-pie; do
+	RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([$pie], [], [pie=])
+	AS_IF([test "x$pie" != x], [
+	  RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -fPIE)
+	  RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XLDFLAGS, $pie)
+	  break
+	])
+      done
+      CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS_before_pie"
+    ])
+  ])
+])
+AS_IF([test "$enable_rpath" = yes], [
+    test -z "$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS" || LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS "
+    rpathflag="${RPATHFLAG}"
+    AS_CASE(["${cross_compiling}${load_relative}"], [*yes*], [], [rpathflag="$RPATHFLAG$LIBPATHFLAG"])
+    rpathflag=`IFS="$PATH_SEPARATOR"
+        echo x "$rpathflag" |
+        sed "s/^x *//;s${IFS}"'%1\\$-s'"${IFS}${libprefix}${IFS}g;s${IFS}%s${IFS}${libprefix}${IFS}g"
+    `
+    LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS${rpathflag}"
+    LIBRUBYARG_SHARED="$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS $LIBRUBYARG_SHARED"
+    LIBRUBYARG_STATIC="$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS $LIBRUBYARG_STATIC"
+])
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_RELATIVE)
+
+LDFLAGS="-L. $LDFLAGS"
+AC_SUBST(ARCHFILE)
+
+AS_IF([test "$EXEEXT" = .exe], [
+    EXECUTABLE_EXTS='".exe",".com",".cmd",".bat"'
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(EXECUTABLE_EXTS, $EXECUTABLE_EXTS)
+    EXECUTABLE_EXTS=`echo $EXECUTABLE_EXTS | tr -d '"' | tr , ' '`
+    AC_SUBST(EXECUTABLE_EXTS)
+])
+
+AS_CASE("$cross_compiling:${LIBPATHENV}", [yes:* | no:], [], [
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether wrapper for $LIBPATHENV is needed)
+    AS_IF([env ${LIBPATHENV}=/lib /bin/sh -c ': ${'${LIBPATHENV}'?}' 2>/dev/null],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT(no)],
+	[PREP="$PREP"' exe/$(PROGRAM)'
+	AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)]
+    )
+])
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(dtrace,
+        AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dtrace],
+        [enable DTrace for tracing inside ruby. enabled by default on systems having dtrace]),
+        [enable_dtrace=$enableval], [enable_dtrace=auto])
+
+LIBRUBY_A_OBJS='$(OBJS)'
+DTRACE_REBUILD=
+AS_CASE(["${enable_dtrace}"],
+[yes|auto], [
+    RUBY_DTRACE_AVAILABLE()
+], [
+    rb_cv_dtrace_available=no
+])
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[freebsd*],[
+         rb_cv_dtrace_available=no
+	 ])
+AS_IF([test "${enable_dtrace}" = yes], [dnl
+    AS_IF([test -z "$DTRACE"], [dnl
+	AC_MSG_ERROR([dtrace(1) is missing])
+    ], [test "$cross_compiling" = yes], [dnl
+	AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-dtrace, however, cross compiling])
+    ], [test "${rb_cv_dtrace_available}" = "no"], [dnl
+       AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-dtrace, however, USDT is not available])
+    ])
+])
+AS_CASE([$rb_cv_dtrace_available],
+[yes*], [dnl
+    RUBY_DTRACE_POSTPROCESS()
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_prog_dtrace_g" != no], [dnl
+	DTRACE_OBJ='probes.$(OBJEXT)'
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test "$rb_cv_prog_dtrace_g" = rebuild], [dnl
+	DTRACE_REBUILD=yes
+	LIBRUBY_A_OBJS='$(DTRACE_GLOMMED_OBJ)'
+    ])
+    AS_CASE("${target_os}", [freebsd*], [dnl
+        # FreeBSD's dtrace requires libelf
+        LIBS="-lelf $LIBS"
+    ])
+    DTRACE_EXT=d
+], [dnl
+    enable_dtrace=no
+    DTRACE_EXT=dmyh
+])
+AC_SUBST(DTRACE_EXT)
+AC_SUBST(DTRACE_OBJ)
+AC_SUBST(DTRACE_REBUILD)
+AC_SUBST(DTRACE_OPT)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_A_OBJS)
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(gcov,
+       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-gcov], [enable coverage measurement by gcov]),
+       [gcov=yes])
+AS_IF([test x"$gcov" = xyes], [
+    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -coverage"
+    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -coverage"
+])
+
+RUBY_SETJMP_TYPE
+}
+
+: "build section" && {
+dnl build rdoc index if requested
+RDOCTARGET=""
+CAPITARGET=""
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(install-doc,
+       AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-install-doc], [do not install either rdoc indexes or C API documents during install]),
+       [install_doc=$enableval], [install_doc=yes])
+AC_ARG_WITH(rdoc,
+      AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rdoc=ri,html], [comma/space separated list of RDoc formats to install]),
+      [install_rdoc=`echo ,$withval, | sed 'y/,/ /;s/ ri / rdoc /;s/^ *//;s/ *$//'`], [
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(install-rdoc,
+      AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-install-rdoc], [do not install rdoc indexes during install]),
+      [install_rdoc=$enableval], [install_rdoc=yes])
+])
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(install-capi,
+      AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-install-capi], [do not install C API documents during install]),
+      [install_capi=$enableval], [install_capi=no])
+
+AS_IF([test "$install_doc" != no], [
+    AS_CASE(["$install_rdoc"],
+    [yes], [
+	RDOCTARGET="rdoc"
+    ],
+    [all], [
+	RDOCTARGET="rdoc html"
+    ],
+    [no|''], [
+	RDOCTARGET="nodoc"
+    ],
+    [
+	RDOCTARGET="$install_rdoc"
+    ])
+    AS_IF([test "$install_capi" != no -a -n "$DOXYGEN"], [
+	CAPITARGET="capi"
+    ], [
+	CAPITARGET="nodoc"
+    ])
+], [
+    RDOCTARGET="nodoc"
+    CAPITARGET="nodoc"
+])
+
+AC_SUBST(RDOCTARGET)
+AC_SUBST(CAPITARGET)
+
+AS_CASE(["$RDOCTARGET:$CAPITARGET"],[nodoc:nodoc],[INSTALLDOC=nodoc],[INSTALLDOC=all])
+AC_SUBST(INSTALLDOC)
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(jit-support,
+        AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-jit-support], [disable JIT features]),
+        [MJIT_SUPPORT=$enableval
+         AS_IF([test x"$enable_jit_support" = "xyes"],
+                 [AC_DEFINE(USE_MJIT, 1)],
+                 [AC_DEFINE(USE_MJIT, 0)])],
+        [MJIT_SUPPORT=yes
+         AC_DEFINE(USE_MJIT, 1)])
+
+AC_SUBST(MJIT_SUPPORT)
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(install-static-library,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-install-static-library], [do not install static ruby library]),
+	[INSTALL_STATIC_LIBRARY=$enableval],
+	AS_IF([test x"$enable_shared" = xyes],
+	    [INSTALL_STATIC_LIBRARY=no],
+	    [INSTALL_STATIC_LIBRARY=yes]))
+AC_SUBST(INSTALL_STATIC_LIBRARY)
+
+AS_IF([test "$rb_with_pthread" = "yes"], [
+    THREAD_MODEL=pthread
+])
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([for prefix of external symbols], rb_cv_symbol_prefix, [
+    AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[extern void conftest_external(void) {}]], [[]])],[
+	rb_cv_symbol_prefix=`$NM conftest.$ac_objext |
+			     sed -n ['/.*T[ 	]\([^ 	]*\)conftest_external.*/!d;s//\1/p;q']`
+	],
+	[rb_cv_symbol_prefix=''])
+    test -n "$rb_cv_symbol_prefix" || rb_cv_symbol_prefix=NONE
+])
+SYMBOL_PREFIX="$rb_cv_symbol_prefix"
+test "x$SYMBOL_PREFIX" = xNONE && SYMBOL_PREFIX=''
+DLNOBJ=dln.o
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(dln,
+	      AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-dln], [disable dynamic link feature]),
+	      [test "$enableval" = yes || DLNOBJ=dmydln.o])
+AC_SUBST(DLNOBJ)
+MINIDLNOBJ=dmydln.o
+
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+    [linux*], [
+	],
+    [netbsd*], [
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CFLAGS, -pipe)
+	],
+    [darwin*], [
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CFLAGS, -pipe)
+	AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([
+	    AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([@%:@include <AvailabilityMacros.h>],
+		[MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7])],
+	    [dnl
+		RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XLDFLAGS, [-framework Security])
+		RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(LIBRUBYARG_STATIC, [-framework Security])
+	    ]dnl
+	)
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XLDFLAGS, [-framework Foundation])
+	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(LIBRUBYARG_STATIC, [-framework Foundation])
+	],
+    [osf*], [
+	AS_IF([test "$GCC" != "yes" ], [
+	  # compile something small: taint.c is fine for this.
+	  # the main point is the '-v' flag of 'cc'.
+	  AS_CASE(["`cc -v -I. -c main.c -o /tmp/main.o 2>&1`"],
+	  [*/gemc_cc*], [   # we have the new DEC GEM CC
+                        CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -oldc"
+                        ],
+          [            # we have the old MIPS CC
+                        ])
+	  # cleanup
+	  rm -f /tmp/main.o
+	  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -std"
+	])
+	],
+    [cygwin*|mingw*], [
+	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="${LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS}"' -Wl,--out-implib=$(LIBRUBY)'
+	AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+	[cygwin*], [
+	    AS_IF([test x"$enable_shared" = xyes], [
+		LIBRUBY_SO='cyg$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'.dll
+		LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="${LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS}"' $(RUBYDEF)'
+	    ])
+	    ],
+	[mingw*], [
+	    AS_IF([test x"$enable_shared" = xyes], [
+		LIBRUBY_SO='$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'.dll
+		LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="${LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS}"' $(RUBYDEF)'
+	    ])
+	    EXPORT_PREFIX=' '
+	    DLDFLAGS="${DLDFLAGS}"' $(DEFFILE)'
+	    AC_LIBOBJ([win32/win32])
+	    AC_LIBOBJ([win32/file])
+	    COMMON_LIBS=m
+#	    COMMON_MACROS="WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN="
+	    COMMON_HEADERS="winsock2.h windows.h"
+	    THREAD_MODEL=win32
+	    PLATFORM_DIR=win32
+	    ])
+	LIBRUBY_ALIASES=''
+	FIRSTMAKEFILE=GNUmakefile:cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
+	AS_IF([test x"$enable_shared" = xyes], [
+	    LIBRUBY='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).dll.a'
+	], [
+	    LIBRUBY_SO=dummy
+	    LIBRUBY='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).a'
+	    LIBRUBYARG='-l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'
+	])
+	],
+    [hpux*], [
+	AS_CASE(["$YACC"],[*yacc*], [
+	    XCFLAGS="$XCFLAGS -DYYMAXDEPTH=300"
+	    YACC="$YACC -Nl40000 -Nm40000"
+	])
+])
+
+MINIOBJS="$MINIDLNOBJ"
+
+AS_CASE(["$THREAD_MODEL"],
+[pthread], [AC_CHECK_HEADERS(pthread.h)],
+[win32],   [],
+[""],      [AC_MSG_ERROR(thread model is missing)],
+           [AC_MSG_ERROR(unknown thread model $THREAD_MODEL)])
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(debug-env,
+       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-debug-env], [enable RUBY_DEBUG environment variable]),
+       [AC_SUBST(ENABLE_DEBUG_ENV, yes)])
+
+AS_CASE(["$FIRSTMAKEFILE"], [*GNUmakefile:*], [gnumake=yes], [
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([if ${MAKE-make} is GNU make])
+    mkdir conftest.dir
+    echo "all:; @echo yes" > conftest.dir/GNUmakefile
+    echo "all:; @echo no" > conftest.dir/Makefile
+    gnumake=`(cd conftest.dir; ${MAKE-make})`
+    rm -fr conftest.dir
+    AS_CASE(["$gnumake"],
+    [*yes*], [
+	FIRSTMAKEFILE=GNUmakefile:template/GNUmakefile.in
+	gnumake=yes],
+    [
+	gnumake=no])
+    AC_MSG_RESULT($gnumake)
+])
+AS_IF([test "$gnumake" = yes], [ NULLCMD=: ], [
+    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for safe null command for ${MAKE-make}])
+    mkdir conftest.dir
+    NULLCMD=
+    for cmd in : true; do
+	echo 'A=1' > conftest.dir/Makefile
+	echo 'B=$(A:1=@'$cmd')' >> conftest.dir/Makefile
+	echo 'all:; $B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9' >> conftest.dir/Makefile
+	AS_IF([(cd conftest.dir; ${MAKE-make} >/dev/null 2>/dev/null)], [
+	    NULLCMD=$cmd
+	    break
+	])
+    done
+    rm -fr conftest.dir
+    AS_IF([test -z "$NULLCMD"], [
+	AC_MSG_ERROR(no candidate for safe null command)
+    ])
+    AC_MSG_RESULT($NULLCMD)
+])
+AC_SUBST(NULLCMD)
+
+AS_IF([test "${universal_binary-no}" = yes ], [
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for architecture macros], rb_cv_architecture_macros, [
+    mv confdefs.h confdefs1.h
+    : > confdefs.h
+    AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@if defined __`echo ${universal_archnames} |
+    sed 's/=[^ ]*//g;s/ /__ || defined __/g'`__
+@%:@else
+@%:@error
+>>>>>><<<<<<
+@%:@endif]], [[]])],[
+    rb_cv_architecture_macros=yes
+    mv -f confdefs1.h confdefs.h
+], [
+    rb_cv_architecture_macros=no
+    archflagpat=`eval echo '"'"${ARCH_FLAG}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g'`
+    new_cflags=`echo "$CFLAGS" | sed "s|$archflagpat"'||'`
+    for archs in ${universal_archnames}; do
+	cpu=${archs@%:@*=}
+	archs=${archs%=*}
+	CFLAGS="$new_cflags -arch $archs"
+	archs="__${archs}__"
+	AC_MSG_CHECKING([for macro ${archs} on ${cpu}])
+	AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@ifndef ${archs}
+@%:@error
+@%:@endif]], [[]])],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])], [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])
+    done
+    mv -f confdefs1.h confdefs.h
+    AC_MSG_ERROR([failed])
+    ])])
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether __ARCHITECTURE__ is available, rb_cv_architecture_available,
+	AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[@%:@include <stdio.h>
+		const char arch[[]] = __ARCHITECTURE__;]], [[puts(arch);]])],
+		[rb_cv_architecture_available=yes], [rb_cv_architecture_available=no]))
+])
+
+: ${MJIT_LDSHARED=`echo "$LDSHARED" | sed ['s|\$(LD)|'"${LD}"'|g;s|\$(CC)|$(MJIT_CC)|g']`}
+
+MAINLIBS="$LIBS"
+LIBS=$ORIG_LIBS
+AS_IF([test -n "${LIBS}"], [
+    libspat=`echo "${LIBS}" | sed 's/[[][|.*$^]]/\\&/g;s/^  */ /;s/^  *$/ /'`
+    MAINFLAGS=`echo " $MAINLIBS " | sed "s|$libspat"'||;s/^ *//;s/ *$//'`
+])
+LIBRUBYARG_STATIC="${LIBRUBYARG_STATIC} \$(MAINLIBS)"
+CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS "'$(DEFS)'
+test -z "$CPPFLAGS" || CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS "; CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS"'${cppflags}'
+AS_IF([test -n "${cflags+set}"], [
+    cflagspat=`eval echo '"'"${cflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^  */ /;s/^  *$/ /'`
+    CFLAGS=`echo " $CFLAGS " | sed "s|$cflagspat"'|${cflags}|;s/^ *//;s/ *$//'`
+])
+AS_IF([test -n "${cxxflags+set}"], [
+    cxxflagspat=`eval echo '"'"${cxxflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^  */ /;s/^  *$/ /'`
+    CXXFLAGS=`echo " $CXXFLAGS " | sed "s|$cxxflagspat"'|${cxxflags}|;s/^ *//;s/ *$//'`
+])
+AS_IF([test "${ARCH_FLAG}"], [
+    archflagpat=`eval echo '"'"${ARCH_FLAG}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g'`
+    CFLAGS=`echo "$CFLAGS" | sed "s| *$archflagpat"'||'`
+    CXXFLAGS=`echo "$CXXFLAGS" | sed "s| *$archflagpat"'||'`
+    LDFLAGS=`echo "$LDFLAGS" | sed "s| *$archflagpat"'||'`
+])
+rb_cv_warnflags=`echo "$rb_cv_warnflags" | sed 's/^ *//;s/ *$//'`
+warnflags="$rb_cv_warnflags"
+AC_SUBST(cppflags)dnl
+AC_SUBST(cflags, ["${orig_cflags:+$orig_cflags }"'${optflags} ${debugflags} ${warnflags}'])dnl
+AC_SUBST(cxxflags)dnl
+AC_SUBST(optflags)dnl
+AC_SUBST(debugflags)dnl
+AC_SUBST(warnflags)dnl
+AC_SUBST(strict_warnflags)dnl
+AC_SUBST(XCFLAGS)dnl
+AC_SUBST(XLDFLAGS)dnl
+AC_SUBST(EXTLDFLAGS)dnl
+AC_SUBST(EXTDLDFLAGS)dnl
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_LDSHARED)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS)
+AC_SUBST(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)
+AC_SUBST(rubyw_install_name)
+AC_SUBST(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME)
+AC_SUBST(RUBY_SO_NAME)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_A)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_SO)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_SONAME)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_ALIASES)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBYARG)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBYARG_STATIC)
+AC_SUBST(LIBRUBYARG_SHARED)
+AC_SUBST(SOLIBS)
+AC_SUBST(DLDLIBS)
+AC_SUBST(DLDSHARED)
+AC_SUBST(ENABLE_SHARED)
+AC_SUBST(MAINLIBS)
+AC_SUBST(COMMON_LIBS)
+AC_SUBST(COMMON_MACROS)
+AC_SUBST(COMMON_HEADERS)
+AC_SUBST(EXPORT_PREFIX)
+AC_SUBST(SYMBOL_PREFIX)
+AC_SUBST(MINIOBJS)
+AC_SUBST(THREAD_MODEL)
+AC_SUBST(PLATFORM_DIR)
+
+firstmf=`echo $FIRSTMAKEFILE | sed 's/:.*//'`
+firsttmpl=`echo $FIRSTMAKEFILE | sed 's/.*://'`
+MAKEFILES="Makefile $firstmf"
+MAKEFILES="`echo $MAKEFILES`"
+AC_SUBST(MAKEFILES)
+
+ri_prefix=
+test "$program_prefix" != NONE &&
+  ri_prefix=$program_prefix
+
+ri_suffix=
+test "$program_suffix" != NONE &&
+  ri_suffix=$program_suffix
+
+RUBY_INSTALL_NAME="${ri_prefix}"'$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)'"${ri_suffix}"
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
+  [cygwin*|mingw*], [
+    RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME="${ri_prefix}"'$(RUBYW_BASE_NAME)'"${ri_suffix}"
+    rubyw_install_name='$(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME)'
+    ])
+
+rubylibdir='${rubylibprefix}/${ruby_version}'
+rubyarchdir=${multiarch+'${rubyarchprefix}/${ruby_version}'}${multiarch-'${rubylibdir}/${arch}'}
+
+rubyarchprefix=${multiarch+'${archlibdir}/${RUBY_BASE_NAME}'}${multiarch-'${rubylibprefix}/${arch}'}
+AC_ARG_WITH(rubyarchprefix,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rubyarchprefix=DIR],
+			   [prefix for architecture dependent ruby libraries [[RUBYLIBPREFIX/ARCH]]]),
+	    [rubyarchprefix="$withval"])
+AC_SUBST(rubyarchprefix)
+
+rubysitearchprefix=${multiarch+'${sitearchlibdir}/${RUBY_BASE_NAME}'}${multiarch-'${rubylibprefix}/${sitearch}'}
+AC_ARG_WITH(rubysitearchprefix,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rubysitearchprefix=DIR],
+			   [prefix for architecture dependent site libraries [[RUBYLIBPREFIX/SITEARCH]]]),
+	    [rubysitearchprefix="$withval"])
+AC_SUBST(rubysitearchprefix)
+
+RI_BASE_NAME=`echo ${RUBY_BASE_NAME} | sed 's/ruby/ri/'`
+ridir='${datarootdir}/${RI_BASE_NAME}'
+AC_ARG_WITH(ridir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-ridir=DIR], [ri documentation [[DATAROOTDIR/ri]]]),
+	    [ridir=$withval])
+AC_SUBST(ridir)
+AC_SUBST(RI_BASE_NAME)
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(ruby-version,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-ruby-version=STR], [ruby version string for version specific directories [[full]] (full|minor|STR)]),
+            [ruby_version=$withval],
+            [ruby_version=full])
+unset RUBY_LIB_VERSION
+unset RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE
+AS_CASE(["$ruby_version"],
+  [full],  [RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE='3	/* full */'],
+  [minor], [RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE='2	/* minor */'])
+AS_IF([test ${RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE+set}], [
+    {
+    echo "#define RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE $RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE"
+    echo '#define STRINGIZE(x) x'
+    test -f revision.h -o -f "${srcdir}/revision.h" || echo '#define RUBY_REVISION 0'
+    echo '#include "version.h"'
+    echo 'ruby_version=RUBY_LIB_VERSION'
+    } > conftest.c
+    ruby_version="`$CPP -I. -I"${srcdir}" -I"${srcdir}/include" conftest.c | sed '/^ruby_version=/!d;s/ //g'`"
+    eval $ruby_version
+], [test -z "${ruby_version}"], [
+    AC_MSG_ERROR([No ruby version, No place for bundled libraries])
+], [
+    RUBY_LIB_VERSION="${ruby_version}"
+])
+AC_SUBST(RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE)
+AC_SUBST(RUBY_LIB_VERSION)
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(sitedir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-sitedir=DIR], [site libraries in DIR [[RUBY_LIB_PREFIX/site_ruby]], "no" to disable site directory]),
+            [sitedir=$withval],
+            [sitedir='${rubylibprefix}/site_ruby'])
+sitelibdir='${sitedir}/${ruby_version}'
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(sitearchdir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-sitearchdir=DIR],
+			   [architecture dependent site libraries in DIR [[SITEDIR/SITEARCH]], "no" to disable site directory]),
+            [sitearchdir=$withval],
+            [sitearchdir=${multiarch+'${rubysitearchprefix}/site_ruby/${ruby_version}'}${multiarch-'${sitelibdir}/${sitearch}'}])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(vendordir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-vendordir=DIR], [vendor libraries in DIR [[RUBY_LIB_PREFIX/vendor_ruby]], "no" to disable vendor directory]),
+            [vendordir=$withval],
+            [vendordir='${rubylibprefix}/vendor_ruby'])
+vendorlibdir='${vendordir}/${ruby_version}'
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(vendorarchdir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-vendorarchdir=DIR],
+			   [architecture dependent vendor libraries in DIR [[VENDORDIR/SITEARCH]], "no" to disable vendor directory]),
+            [vendorarchdir=$withval],
+            [vendorarchdir=${multiarch+'${rubysitearchprefix}/vendor_ruby/${ruby_version}'}${multiarch-'${vendorlibdir}/${sitearch}'}])
+
+AS_IF([test "${LOAD_RELATIVE+set}"], [
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(LOAD_RELATIVE, $LOAD_RELATIVE)
+    RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX=''
+])
+
+AC_SUBST(RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX)
+
+AC_SUBST(libdirname, ${multiarch+arch}libdir)
+AC_SUBST(archlibdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(sitearchlibdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(archincludedir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(sitearchincludedir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(arch)dnl
+AC_SUBST(sitearch)dnl
+AC_SUBST(ruby_version)dnl
+AC_SUBST(rubylibdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(rubyarchdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(sitedir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(sitelibdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(sitearchdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(vendordir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(vendorlibdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(vendorarchdir)dnl
+
+AC_SUBST(CONFIGURE, "`echo $0 | sed 's|.*/||'`")dnl
+AC_SUBST(configure_args, "`echo "${ac_configure_args}" | sed 's/\\$/$$/g'`")dnl
+
+AS_IF([test "${universal_binary-no}" = yes ], [
+    arch="universal-${target_os}"
+    AS_IF([test "${rb_cv_architecture_available}" = yes], [
+	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_PLATFORM_CPU, __ARCHITECTURE__)
+    ], [
+	for archs in ${universal_archnames}; do
+	    cpu=`echo $archs | sed 's/.*=//'`
+	    archs=`echo $archs | sed 's/=.*//'`
+	    RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __${archs}__ &&! defined RUBY_PLATFORM_CPU], RUBY_PLATFORM_CPU, ["${cpu}"])
+	done
+    ])
+    ints='long int short'
+    test "$ac_cv_type_long_long" = yes && ints="'long long' $ints"
+    AC_SUBST(UNIVERSAL_ARCHNAMES, "${universal_archnames}")
+    AC_SUBST(UNIVERSAL_INTS, "${ints}")
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_PLATFORM_OS, "${target_os}")
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_ARCH, "universal-" RUBY_PLATFORM_OS)
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_PLATFORM, "universal." RUBY_PLATFORM_CPU "-" RUBY_PLATFORM_OS)
+], [
+    arch="${target_cpu}-${target_os}"
+    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_PLATFORM, "$arch")
+])
+
+unset sitearch
+AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[mingw*],[sitearch="$target_cpu-$rb_cv_msvcrt"])
+: ${sitearch='${arch}'}
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(search-path,
+		AS_HELP_STRING([--with-search-path=DIR], [specify the additional search path]),
+		[search_path=$withval])
+AS_IF([test "$search_path" != ""], [
+    AC_SUBST(RUBY_SEARCH_PATH, $search_path)
+])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(rubyhdrdir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rubyhdrdir=DIR], [core headers in DIR [[INCLUDEDIR/RUBY_BASE_NAME-RUBY_VERSION]]]),
+	    [rubyhdrdir=$withval],
+	    [rubyhdrdir='${includedir}/${RUBY_VERSION_NAME}'])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(rubyarchhdrdir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rubyarchhdrdir=DIR],
+			   [architecture dependent core headers in DIR [[$(rubyhdrdir)/$(arch)]]]),
+	    [rubyarchhdrdir=$withval],
+	    [rubyarchhdrdir=${multiarch+'${archincludedir}/${RUBY_VERSION_NAME}'}${multiarch-'${rubyhdrdir}/${arch}'}])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(sitehdrdir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-sitehdrdir=DIR], [core site headers in DIR [[RUBYHDRDIR/site_ruby]]]),
+	    [sitehdrdir=$withval],
+	    [sitehdrdir='${rubyhdrdir}/site_ruby'])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(sitearchhdrdir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-sitearchhdrdir=DIR],
+			   [architecture dependent core site headers in DIR [[RUBYHDRDIR/site_ruby]]]),
+	    [sitearchhdrdir=$withval],
+	    [sitearchhdrdir=${multiarch+'${sitearchincludedir}/${RUBY_VERSION_NAME}/site_ruby'}${multiarch-'${sitehdrdir}/${sitearch}'}])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(vendorhdrdir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-vendorhdrdir=DIR], [core vendor headers in DIR [[RUBYHDRDIR/vendor_ruby]]]),
+	    [vendorhdrdir=$withval],
+	    [vendorhdrdir='${rubyhdrdir}/vendor_ruby'])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(vendorarchhdrdir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-vendorarchhdrdir=DIR],
+			   [architecture dependent core vendor headers in DIR [[RUBYHDRDIR/vendor_ruby]]]),
+	    [vendorarchhdrdir=$withval],
+	    [vendorarchhdrdir=${multiarch+'${sitearchincludedir}/${RUBY_VERSION_NAME}/vendor_ruby'}${multiarch-'${vendorhdrdir}/${sitearch}'}])
+
+AC_SUBST(rubyhdrdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(sitehdrdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(vendorhdrdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(rubyarchhdrdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(sitearchhdrdir)dnl
+AC_SUBST(vendorarchhdrdir)dnl
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(mantype,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-mantype=TYPE], [specify man page type; TYPE is one of man and doc]),
+		[
+			AS_CASE(["$withval"],
+			[man|man.gz|man.bz2|doc|doc.gz|doc.bz2], [MANTYPE=$withval],
+			[AC_MSG_ERROR(invalid man type: $withval)])
+		])
+AS_IF([test -z "$MANTYPE"], [
+	dnl Looks for nroff with -mdoc support.
+	AC_CACHE_VAL([ac_cv_path_NROFF], [
+		AC_PATH_PROGS_FEATURE_CHECK([NROFF],
+			[nroff awf mandoc],
+			[$ac_path_NROFF -mdoc ${srcdir}/man/ruby.1 \
+				>/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+				ac_cv_path_NROFF=$ac_path_NROFF \
+				ac_path_NROFF_found=:],
+			[], ["/usr/bin:/usr/ucb"]
+		)
+	])
+	AS_IF([test -n "$ac_cv_path_NROFF"], [
+		MANTYPE=doc
+	], [
+		MANTYPE=man
+	])
+])
+AC_SUBST(MANTYPE)
+
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(rubygems,
+	AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-rubygems], [disable rubygems by default]),
+	[enable_rubygems="$enableval"], [enable_rubygems=yes])
+AS_IF([test x"$enable_rubygems" = xno], [
+    USE_RUBYGEMS=no
+], [
+    USE_RUBYGEMS=yes
+])
+AC_SUBST(USE_RUBYGEMS)
+
+arch_hdrdir="${EXTOUT}/include/${arch}/ruby"
+AS_MKDIR_P("${arch_hdrdir}")
+config_h="${arch_hdrdir}/config.h"
+guard=INCLUDE_RUBY_CONFIG_H
+{
+  echo "#ifndef $guard"
+  echo "#define $guard 1"
+  grep -v "^#define PACKAGE_" confdefs.h
+  echo "#endif /* $guard */"
+} | tr -d '\015' |
+(
+  AS_IF([test "x$CONFIGURE_TTY" = xyes], [color=--color], [color=])
+  exec ${tooldir}/ifchange $color "${config_h}" -
+) >&AS_MESSAGE_FD || AC_MSG_ERROR([failed to create ${config_h}])
+tr -d '\015' < largefile.h > confdefs.h
+rm largefile.h
+
+BUILTIN_ENCS=["`sed -n -e '/^BUILTIN_ENCS[ 	]*=/{' \
+	-e s/// -e :l -e '/\\\\$/N' -e 's/\\\\\\n/ /' -e 't l' -e p \
+	-e '}' "${srcdir}/enc/Makefile.in"`"]
+BUILTIN_ENCOBJS=
+for e in $BUILTIN_ENCS; do BUILTIN_ENCOBJS="$BUILTIN_ENCOBJS "`echo $e | sed 's/\.c$/.$(OBJEXT)/'`; done
+AC_SUBST(BUILTIN_ENCOBJS)
+
+BUILTIN_TRANSES=["`sed -n -e '/^BUILTIN_TRANSES[ 	]*=/{' \
+	-e s/// -e :l -e '/\\\\$/N' -e 's/\\\\\\n/ /' -e 't l' -e p \
+	-e '}' "${srcdir}/enc/Makefile.in"`"]
+BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS=
+BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS=
+for e in $BUILTIN_TRANSES; do
+  BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS="$BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS "`echo $e | sed 's/\.trans$/.c/'`
+  BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS="$BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS "`echo $e | sed 's/\.trans$/.$(OBJEXT)/'`
+done
+AC_SUBST(BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS)
+AC_SUBST(BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS)
+
+PACKAGE=$RUBY_BASE_NAME
+AC_SUBST(PACKAGE)
+AS_MESSAGE([$PACKAGE library version = $ruby_version])
+
+AS_IF([test x"$CC_WRAPPER" != x], [
+    CC='$(CC_WRAPPER) '"${CC@%:@$CC_WRAPPER }"
+    CPP='$(CC_WRAPPER) '"${CPP@%:@$CC_WRAPPER }"
+    CC_WRAPPER='$(rubyarchdir)/darwin-cc'
+    XCC_WRAPPER='$(top_srcdir)/tool/darwin-cc'
+])
+AC_SUBST(CC_WRAPPER, '')
+AC_SUBST(XCC_WRAPPER)
+
+AS_CASE([" $CPP "], [*" $CC "*], [CPP=`echo " $CPP " | sed "s| $CC |"' $(CC) |;s/^ *//;s/  *$//'`])
+
+AS_IF([test x"$firstmf" != x], [
+    AC_CONFIG_FILES($firstmf:$firsttmpl, [], [firstmf="$firstmf" firsttmpl="$firsttmpl"])
+])
+AC_CONFIG_FILES(Makefile:template/Makefile.in, [
+    tmpmk=confmk$$.tmp
+    {
+	AS_IF([test ${VCS+set}], [
+	    :
+	], [git_dir=`$GIT --work-tree="$srcdir" --git-dir="$srcdir/.git" rev-parse --git-dir 2>/dev/null`], [
+	    VCS='$(GIT)'
+	], [
+	    VCS='echo cannot'
+	])
+	AS_CASE("$VCS",
+		['$(GIT)'|git], [VCSUP='$(VCS) pull --rebase $(GITPULLOPTIONS)'],
+		[VCSUP='$(VCS)'])
+	sed -n \
+	    -e '[/^@%:@define \(RUBY_RELEASE_[A-Z]*\) \([0-9][0-9]*\)/]{' \
+	    -e   's//\1 = \2/' \
+	    -e   '[s/ \([0-9]\)$/ 0\1/]' \
+	    -e   p \
+	    -e '}' "$srcdir/version.h"
+	sed '/^MISSING/s/\$U\././g;/^VCS *=/s#@VCS@#'"$VCS"'#;/^VCSUP *=/s#@VCSUP@#'"$VCSUP"'#' Makefile
+	echo; test x"$EXEEXT" = x || echo 'miniruby: miniruby$(EXEEXT)'
+	AS_IF([test "$gnumake" != yes], [
+	    echo ['$(MKFILES): $(srcdir)/common.mk']
+	    sed ['s/{\$([^(){}]*)[^{}]*}//g'] ${srcdir}/common.mk
+	], [
+	    echo 'distclean-local::; @$(RM) GNUmakefile uncommon.mk'
+	])
+    } > $tmpmk && AS_IF([! grep '^ruby:' $tmpmk > /dev/null], [
+	AS_IF([test "${gnumake}" = yes], [
+	    tmpgmk=confgmk$$.tmp
+	    {
+		echo "include $tmpmk"
+		echo "-include uncommon.mk"
+	    } > $tmpgmk
+	], [
+	    tmpgmk=$tmpmk
+	]) &&
+	test -z "`${MAKE-make} -f $tmpgmk info-program | grep '^PROGRAM=ruby$'`" &&
+	echo 'ruby: $(PROGRAM);' >> $tmpmk
+	test "$tmpmk" = "$tmpgmk" || rm -f "$tmpgmk"
+    ]) && mv -f $tmpmk Makefile],
+[EXEEXT='$EXEEXT' MAKE='${MAKE-make}' gnumake='$gnumake' GIT='$GIT'])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH([ruby-pc],
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-ruby-pc=FILENAME], [pc file basename]),
+	    [ruby_pc="$withval"],
+	    [ruby_pc="${RUBY_BASE_NAME}-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.pc"])
+AC_SUBST(ruby_pc)
+AC_SUBST(exec, [exec])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH(destdir,
+	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-destdir=DESTDIR], [specify default directory to install]),
+	    [DESTDIR="$withval"])
+AC_SUBST(DESTDIR)
+
+AC_CONFIG_FILES($ruby_pc:template/ruby.pc.in,
+    [
+    AS_IF([sed ['s/\$(\([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*\))/${\1}/g;s/@[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*@//'] $ruby_pc > ruby.tmp.pc &&
+	{
+	    test -z "$PKG_CONFIG" ||
+	    PKG_CONFIG_PATH=. $PKG_CONFIG --print-errors ruby.tmp
+	}],
+    [
+	mv -f ruby.tmp.pc $ruby_pc
+    ], [
+	exit 1
+    ])
+    ],
+    [ruby_pc='$ruby_pc' PKG_CONFIG='$PKG_CONFIG'])
+
+AC_OUTPUT
+}
+}
+
+AS_IF([test "$silent" = yes], [], [
+AS_IF([${FOLD+:} false], [], [
+AS_IF([test "`echo abcdefg hijklmno | fold -s -w10 | sed 1d`" = hijklmno], [FOLD="fold"], [FOLD=])
+])
+fold_width=`expr $COLUMNS - 30 2>/dev/null` || fold_width=50
+AS_REQUIRE_SHELL_FN([config_summary],
+    [AS_FUNCTION_DESCRIBE([config_summary], [NAME, VAL], [configuration summary])],
+    [AS_IF([test -z "$2"], [], [
+	AS_ECHO_N(["   * $1:                     "]) | dd bs=1 count=26 2>/dev/null
+	AS_IF([test "$FOLD"], [
+	    echo "$2" | fold -s -w$fold_width |
+	    sed '1!s/^/                          /;$!s/$/\\/'
+	], [echo "$2"])
+    ])]
+)
+
+AS_IF([test $install_doc = yes],
+    [DOCTARGETS=`echo " $RDOCTARGET $CAPITARGET " | sed 's/ nodoc //g;s/^ *//;s/ *$//'`],
+    [DOCTARGETS=no])
+echo "---"
+echo "Configuration summary for $RUBY_BASE_NAME version $MAJOR.$MINOR.$TEENY"
+echo ""
+config_summary "Installation prefix" "$prefix"
+config_summary "exec prefix"         "$exec_prefix"
+config_summary "arch"                "$arch"
+config_summary "site arch"           "$sitearch"
+config_summary "RUBY_BASE_NAME"      "$RUBY_BASE_NAME"
+config_summary "enable shared"       "$enable_shared"
+config_summary "ruby lib prefix"     "$rubylibprefix"
+config_summary "site libraries path" "$rubysitearchprefix"
+config_summary "vendor path"         "$vendordir"
+config_summary "target OS"           "$target_os"
+config_summary "compiler"            "$CC"
+config_summary "with pthread"        "$enable_pthread"
+config_summary "with coroutine"      "$rb_cv_coroutine"
+config_summary "enable shared libs"  "$ENABLE_SHARED"
+config_summary "dynamic library ext" "$DLEXT"
+config_summary "CFLAGS"              "$cflags"
+config_summary "CPPFLAGS"            "$cppflags"
+config_summary "LDFLAGS"             "$LDFLAGS"
+config_summary "DLDFLAGS"            "$DLDFLAGS"
+config_summary "optflags"            "$optflags"
+config_summary "debugflags"          "$debugflags"
+config_summary "warnflags"           "$warnflags"
+config_summary "strip command"       "$STRIP"
+config_summary "install doc"         "$DOCTARGETS"
+config_summary "JIT support"         "$MJIT_SUPPORT"
+config_summary "man page type"       "$MANTYPE"
+config_summary "search path"         "$search_path"
+config_summary "static-linked-ext"   ${EXTSTATIC:+"yes"}
+config_summary "BASERUBY -v"         "$BASERUBY_VERSION"
+echo ""
+echo "---"
+])
diff --git a/configure.in b/configure.in
deleted file mode 100644
index e35ecac95d..0000000000
--- a/configure.in
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3060 +0,0 @@
-dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
-dnl {
-AC_INIT()
-AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR(tool)
-
-AC_PREREQ(2.60)
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_PREREQ_AC],
-	[m4_if(m4_version_compare(m4_defn([m4_PACKAGE_VERSION]), [$1]), [-1],
-		AC_MSG_ERROR([Autoconf version ]$1[ or higher is required]$2))])
-
-dnl environment section {
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(baseruby,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-baseruby=RUBY], [use RUBY as baseruby; RUBY is the pathname of ruby]),
-	[
-		AS_CASE(["$withval"],[*ruby*],[BASERUBY=$withval],[AC_MSG_ERROR(need ruby)])
-	],
-	[
-		BASERUBY="ruby"
-	])
-test "`RUBYOPT=- $BASERUBY -e 'p 42' 2>/dev/null`" = 42 ||
-    BASERUBY="echo executable host ruby is required.  use --with-baseruby option.; false"
-AC_SUBST(BASERUBY)
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_MINGW32],
-[AS_CASE(["$host_os"],
-[cygwin*], [
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for mingw32 environment, rb_cv_mingw32,
-[AC_TRY_CPP([
-#ifndef __MINGW32__
-# error
-#endif
-], rb_cv_mingw32=yes,rb_cv_mingw32=no)
-rm -f conftest*])
-test "$rb_cv_mingw32" = yes && target_os="mingw32"
-])
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"], [mingw*msvc], [
-target_os="`echo ${target_os} | sed 's/msvc$//'`"
-])
-AS_CASE(["$target_cpu-$target_os"], [x86_64-mingw*], [
-target_cpu=x64
-])
-])
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_CPPOUTFILE],
-[AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether ${CPP} accepts -o, rb_cv_cppoutfile,
-[cppflags=$CPPFLAGS
-CPPFLAGS='-o conftest.i'
-AC_TRY_CPP([], rb_cv_cppoutfile=yes, rb_cv_cppoutfile=no)
-CPPFLAGS=$cppflags
-rm -f conftest*])
-if test "$rb_cv_cppoutfile" = yes; then
-  CPPOUTFILE='-o conftest.i'
-elif test "$rb_cv_cppoutfile" = no; then
-  CPPOUTFILE='> conftest.i'
-elif test -n "$rb_cv_cppoutfile"; then
-  CPPOUTFILE="$rb_cv_cppoutfile"
-fi
-AC_SUBST(CPPOUTFILE)])
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_PROG_GNU_LD],
-[AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether the linker is GNU ld, rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld,
-[if `$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS --print-prog-name=ld 2>&1` -v 2>&1 | grep "GNU ld" > /dev/null; then
-  rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld=yes
-else
-  rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld=no
-fi
-])
-GNU_LD=$rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld
-AC_SUBST(GNU_LD)])
-
-eval `sed -n 's/^#define RUBY_API_VERSION_\([A-Z][A-Z_0-9]*\) \([0-9][0-9]*\)/\1=\2/p' $srcdir/include/ruby/version.h`
-for v in MAJOR MINOR TEENY; do
-    if eval "test \"\$$v\" = ''"; then
-	AC_MSG_ERROR(could not determine $v number from version.h)
-    fi
-done
-AC_SUBST(MAJOR)
-AC_SUBST(MINOR)
-AC_SUBST(TEENY)
-RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION=`sed -n 's/^#define RUBY_VERSION "\(.*\)"/\1/p' $srcdir/version.h`
-AC_SUBST(RUBY_PROGRAM_VERSION)
-RUBY_RELEASE_DATE=`sed -n 's/^#define RUBY_RELEASE_DATE "\(.*\)"/\1/p' $srcdir/version.h`
-AC_SUBST(RUBY_RELEASE_DATE)
-RUBY_PATCHLEVEL=`sed -n 's/^#define RUBY_PATCHLEVEL //p' $srcdir/version.h`
-if test "$MAJOR" = "1"; then
-  AC_DEFINE(CANONICALIZATION_FOR_MATHN)
-fi
-
-dnl checks for alternative programs
-AC_CANONICAL_BUILD
-AC_ARG_WITH(gcc,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--without-gcc], [never use gcc]),
-	[
-	AS_CASE([$withval],
-	    [no],  [: ${CC=cc}],
-	    [yes], [: ${CC=gcc}],
-	           [CC=$withval])])
-dnl If the user switches compilers, we can't believe the cache
-if test ! -z "$ac_cv_prog_CC" -a ! -z "$CC" -a "$CC" != "$ac_cv_prog_CC"
-then
-  AC_MSG_ERROR(cached CC is different -- throw away $cache_file
-(it is also a good idea to do 'make clean' before compiling))
-fi
-AS_CASE(["$build_os"],
-  [darwin11.*], [
-    AS_CASE(["x$CC"],
-      [xgcc-4.2|x/usr/bin/gcc-4.2], [: ${CXX=g++-4.2}],
-      [xgcc|x/usr/bin/gcc],         [: ${CXX=g++}],
-      [xcc|x/usr/bin/cc],           [: ${CXX=c++}],
-      [xclang|x/usr/bin/clang],     [: ${CXX=clang++}])
-  ])
-test -z "$CC" || ac_cv_prog_CC="$CC"
-
-if test "$program_prefix" = NONE; then
-  program_prefix=
-fi
-RUBY_BASE_NAME=`echo ruby | sed "$program_transform_name"`
-RUBYW_BASE_NAME=`echo rubyw | sed "$program_transform_name"`
-AC_SUBST(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
-AC_SUBST(RUBYW_BASE_NAME)
-
-AC_CANONICAL_TARGET
-target_os=`echo $target_os | sed 's/linux-gnu$/linux/;s/linux-gnu/linux-/'`
-ac_install_sh='' # unusable for extension libraries.
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_APPEND_OPTION],
-	[# RUBY_APPEND_OPTION($1, $2)
-	AS_CASE([" [$]{$1-} "],
-	[*' $2 '*], [], ['  '], [ $1="$2"], [ $1="[$]$1 $2"])])
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS],
-	[{ for rb_opt in $2; do # RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS($1, $2)
-	AS_CASE([" [$]{$1-} "],
-	[*" [$]{rb_opt} "*], [], ['  '], [ $1="[$]{rb_opt}"], [ $1="[$]$1 [$]{rb_opt}"])
-	done; }])
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_PREPEND_OPTION],
-	[# RUBY_PREPEND_OPTION($1, $2)
-	AS_CASE([" [$]{$1-} "],
-	[*' $2 '*], [], ['  '], [ $1="$2"], [ $1="$2 [$]$1"])])
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_PREPEND_OPTIONS],
-	[{ unset rb_opts; for rb_opt in $2; do # RUBY_PREPEND_OPTIONS($1, $2)
-	AS_CASE([" [$]{rb_opts} [$]{$1-} "],
-	[*" [$]{rb_opt} "*], [], ['  '], [ $1="[$]{rb_opt}"], [ rb_opts="[$]{rb_opts}[$]{rb_opt} "])
-	done
-	$1="[$]{rb_opts}[$]$1"; }])
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(arch,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-arch=ARCHS],
-		       [build an Apple/NeXT Multi Architecture Binary (MAB);
-                          ARCHS is a comma-delimited list of architectures for
-                          which to build; if this option is disabled or omitted
-			  entirely, then the package will be built only for the
-			  target platform]),
-       [target_archs="$withval"], [unset target_archs])
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_DEFAULT_ARCH], [
-AC_MSG_CHECKING([arch option])
-AS_CASE([$1],
-	[*64],        [ARCH_FLAG=-m64],
-	[[i[3-6]86]], [ARCH_FLAG=-m32],
-	[AC_MSG_ERROR(unknown target architecture: $target_archs)]
-	)
-AC_MSG_RESULT([$ARCH_FLAG])
-])
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_UNIVERSAL_ARCH], [
-# RUBY_UNIVERSAL_ARCH begin
-ARCH_FLAG=`expr " $CFLAGS " : ['.* \(-m[0-9][0-9]*\) ']`
-test ${CFLAGS+set} && CFLAGS=`echo "$CFLAGS" | sed -e 's/ *-arch  *[^ ]*//g' -e 's/ *-m32//g' -e 's/ *-m64//g'`
-test ${LDFLAGS+set} && LDFLAGS=`echo "$LDFLAGS" | sed -e 's/ *-arch  *[^ ]*//g' -e 's/ *-m32//g' -e 's/ *-m64//g'`
-unset universal_binary universal_archnames
-if test ${target_archs+set}; then
-    AC_MSG_CHECKING([target architectures])
-    target_archs=`echo $target_archs | tr , ' '`
-    # /usr/lib/arch_tool -archify_list $TARGET_ARCHS
-    for archs in $target_archs
-    do
-	AS_CASE([",$universal_binary,"],[*",$archs,"*], [],[
-	    cpu=`$SHELL "$ac_aux_dir/config.sub" "${archs}-${target_os}" 2>&1` || {
-	        AC_MSG_RESULT([failed])
-		AC_MSG_ERROR([$cpu])
-	    }
-	    cpu=`echo $cpu | sed 's/-.*-.*//'`
-	    universal_binary="${universal_binary+$universal_binary,}$cpu"
-	    universal_archnames="${universal_archnames} ${archs}=${cpu}"
-	    ARCH_FLAG="${ARCH_FLAG+$ARCH_FLAG }-arch $archs"
-	    ])
-    done
-    target_archs="$universal_binary"
-    unset universal_binary
-    AS_CASE(["$target_archs"],
-      [*,*], [universal_binary=yes],
-             [unset universal_archnames])
-    AC_MSG_RESULT([$target_archs])
-
-    target=`echo $target | sed "s/^$target_cpu-/-/"`
-    target_alias=`echo $target_alias | sed "s/^$target_cpu-/-/"`
-    if test "${universal_binary-no}" = yes; then
-	RUBY_PREREQ_AC(2.63, [ to compile universal binary])
-	AC_SUBST(try_header,try_compile)
-	target_cpu=universal
-	real_cross_compiling=$cross_compiling
-    else
-	if test x"$target_cpu" != x"${target_archs}"; then
-	    echo 'int main(){return 0;}' > conftest.c
-	    if $CC $CFLAGS $ARCH_FLAG -o conftest conftest.c > /dev/null 2>&1; then
-		rm -fr conftest.*
-	    else
-		RUBY_DEFAULT_ARCH("$target_archs")
-	    fi
-	fi
-	target_cpu=${target_archs}
-    fi
-    AS_CASE(["$target"], [-*], [ target="$target_cpu${target}"])
-    AS_CASE(["$target_alias"], [-*], [ target_alias="$target_cpu${target_alias}"])
-else
-    if test x"$target_alias" = x; then
-	AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-	  [darwin*], [
-	    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for real target cpu])
-	    target=`echo $target | sed "s/^$target_cpu-/-/"`
-	    target_cpu=`$CC -E - 2>/dev/null <<EOF |
-#ifdef __x86_64__
-"processor-name=x86_64"
-#endif
-#ifdef __i386__
-"processor-name=i386"
-#endif
-#ifdef __ppc__
-"processor-name=powerpc"
-#endif
-#ifdef __ppc64__
-"processor-name=powerpc64"
-#endif
-EOF
-	    sed -n 's/^"processor-name=\(.*\)"/\1/p'`
-	    target="$target_cpu${target}"
-	    AC_MSG_RESULT([$target_cpu])
-	    ])
-    fi
-    target_archs="$target_cpu"
-fi
-if test "${target_archs}" != "${rb_cv_target_archs-${target_archs}}"; then
-    AC_MSG_ERROR([target arch(s) has changed from ${rb_cv_target_archs-nothing} to ${target_archs}])
-else
-    rb_cv_target_archs=${target_archs}
-fi
-if test "x${ARCH_FLAG}" != x; then
-    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS ${ARCH_FLAG}"
-    LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS+$LDFLAGS }${ARCH_FLAG}"
-fi
-# RUBY_UNIVERSAL_ARCH end
-])
-
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(load-relative,
-       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-load-relative], [resolve load paths at run time]),
-       [load_relative=$enableval])
-
-AC_ARG_PROGRAM
-
-dnl Checks for programs.
-
-cflagspat=
-test -z "$optflags" ||
-    cflagspat="$cflagspat;s|"`eval echo '"'"${optflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^ */ /;s/ *$/ /'`'| |g'
-test -z "$debugflags" ||
-    cflagspat="$cflagspat;s|"`eval echo '"'"${debugflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^ */ /;s/ *$/ /'`'| |g'
-test -z "warnflags" ||
-    cflagspat="$cflagspat;s|"`eval echo '"'"${warnflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^ */ /;s/ *$/ /'`'| |g'
-if test -z "${CFLAGS+set}"; then
-    cflags=`echo " $cflags " | sed "$cflagspat;s/^ *//;s/ *$//"`
-    orig_cflags="$cflags"
-    cflags="$cflags "'${optflags} ${debugflags} ${warnflags}'
-fi
-if test -z "${CXXFLAGS+set}"; then
-    cxxflags=`echo " $cxxflags " | sed "$cflagspat;s/^ *//;s/ *$//"`
-    orig_cxxflags="$cxxflags"
-    cxxflags="$cxxflags "'${optflags} ${debugflags} ${warnflags}'
-fi
-
-if test x"${build}" != x"${host}"; then
-  AC_CHECK_TOOL(CC, gcc)
-fi
-AC_PROG_CC
-AC_PROG_CXX
-AC_PROG_GCC_TRADITIONAL
-AC_SUBST(GCC)
-if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-    linker_flag=-Wl,
-    : ${optflags=-O3}
-    RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(XCFLAGS, ["-include ruby/config.h" "-include ruby/missing.h"])
-else
-    linker_flag=
-fi
-
-RUBY_PROG_GNU_LD
-RUBY_CPPOUTFILE
-
-: ${OUTFLAG='-o '}
-: ${COUTFLAG=${OUTFLAG}}
-AC_SUBST(OUTFLAG)
-AC_SUBST(COUTFLAG)
-
-RUBY_MINGW32
-RUBY_UNIVERSAL_ARCH
-if test "$target_cpu" != "$host_cpu" -a "$GCC" = yes -a "$cross_compiling" = no -a "$universal_binary" = no; then
-    RUBY_DEFAULT_ARCH("$target_cpu")
-fi
-
-AC_CHECK_TOOL(RANLIB, ranlib, :)
-AC_CHECK_TOOL(AR, ar)
-if test -z "$AR"; then
-  AC_CHECK_PROGS(AR, aal, ar)
-fi
-
-AC_CHECK_TOOL(AS, as)
-ASFLAGS=$ASFLAGS
-AC_SUBST(ASFLAGS)
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[cygwin*|mingw*], [ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_OBJCOPY=":"])
-
-# BSD's ports and MacPorts prefix GNU binutils with 'g'
-AC_CHECK_TOOLS(OBJDUMP, [objdump gobjdump])
-AC_CHECK_TOOLS(OBJCOPY, [objcopy gobjcopy])
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-[cygwin*|mingw*], [
-    AC_CHECK_TOOL(WINDRES, windres)
-    AC_CHECK_TOOL(DLLWRAP, dllwrap)
-    target=`echo $target | sed "s/^$target_cpu-/-/"`
-    target_alias=`echo $target_alias | sed "s/^$target_cpu-/-/"`
-    target_cpu=`echo $target_cpu | sed s/i.86/i386/`
-    AS_CASE(["$target"], [-*], [ target="$target_cpu${target}"])
-    AS_CASE(["$target_alias"], [-*], [ target_alias="$target_cpu${target_alias}"])
-    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-    [mingw*], [
-	test "$rb_cv_msvcrt" = "" && unset rb_cv_msvcrt
-	AC_CACHE_CHECK(for mingw32 runtime DLL, rb_cv_msvcrt, [
-	AC_TRY_LINK([@%:@include <stdio.h>],
-		    [FILE* volatile f = stdin; return 0;],
-		    [rb_cv_msvcrt=`$OBJDUMP -p conftest$ac_exeext |
-				   tr A-Z a-z |
-				   sed -n '/^[[ 	]]*dll name: \(msvc.*\)\.dll$/{s//\1/p;q;}'`],
-		    [rb_cv_msvcrt=msvcrt])
-	test "$rb_cv_msvcrt" = "" && rb_cv_msvcrt=msvcrt])
-    ])
-    : ${enable_shared=yes}
-    ],
-[aix*],     [AC_CHECK_TOOL(NM, nm, /usr/ccs/bin/nm, /usr/ccs/bin:$PATH)],
-[hiuxmpp*], [AC_DEFINE(__HIUX_MPP__)])    # by TOYODA Eizi <toyoda@npd.kishou.go.jp>
-AC_CHECK_TOOL(NM, nm)
-
-AC_PROG_LN_S
-AC_PROG_MAKE_SET
-AC_PROG_INSTALL
-AC_PROG_MKDIR_P
-if test "x$MKDIR_P" = "x -d"; then
-  if test x"$as_mkdir_p" != xfalse; then
-    MKDIR_P='mkdir -p'
-    echo "use 'mkdir -p' as MKDIR_P"
-  else
-    AC_MSG_ERROR([mkdir -p is required])
-  fi
-fi
-MAKEDIRS="$MKDIR_P"
-AC_SUBST(MAKEDIRS)
-
-AC_CHECK_PROGS(DOT, dot)
-AC_CHECK_PROGS(DOXYGEN, doxygen)
-
-AC_CHECK_PROG(PKG_CONFIG, pkg-config, [pkg-config], [], [],
-    [`"$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" --print-errors --version > /dev/null 2>&1 || echo "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"`])
-
-# checks for UNIX variants that set C preprocessor variables
-AC_USE_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS
-
-AC_SUBST(RM, ['rm -f'])
-AC_SUBST(CP, ['cp'])
-RMDIRS='$(top_srcdir)/tool/rmdirs'
-RMDIR=rmdir
-mkdir "rmdirs_$$_test" "rmdirs_$$_test/a"
-rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty "rmdirs_$$_test" 2>/dev/null &&
-RMDIR='rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty'
-$RMDIR -p "rmdirs_$$_test/a" 2>/dev/null &&
-{ test -d "rmdirs_$$_test" || RMDIRS="$RMDIR -p"; }
-rmdir "rmdirs_$$_test/a" "rmdirs_$$_test" 2>/dev/null
-AC_SUBST(RMDIR)
-AC_SUBST(RMDIRS)
-AC_SUBST(RMALL, ['rm -fr'])
-
-AC_MSG_CHECKING([for cd using physical directory])
-rm -fr conf$$.dir
-mkdir conf$$.dir &&
-(cd conf$$.dir && mkdir src build && cd src &&
-$as_ln_s ../build . > /dev/null 2>&1 && cd build &&
-for chdir in 'cd -P' 'PWD= cd'; do
-    /bin/sh -c "$chdir ../src && echo '$chdir' > cdcmd" 2> /dev/null && break
-done)
-if test -e conf$$.dir/src/cdcmd; then
-    read CHDIR < conf$$.dir/src/cdcmd 2> /dev/null
-else
-    CHDIR=cd
-fi
-rm -fr conf$$.dir
-AC_MSG_RESULT([$CHDIR])
-AC_SUBST(CHDIR)
-
-dnl }
-dnl compiler section {
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_WERROR_FLAG], [dnl
-save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
-CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $rb_cv_warnflags"
-if test "${ac_c_werror_flag+set}"; then
-  rb_c_werror_flag="$ac_c_werror_flag"
-else
-  unset rb_c_werror_flag
-fi
-ac_c_werror_flag=yes
-$1
-CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS"
-save_CFLAGS=
-if test "${rb_c_werror_flag+set}"; then
-  ac_c_werror_flag="$rb_c_werror_flag"
-else
-  unset ac_c_werror_flag
-fi])
-
-AC_DEFUN(RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS, [
-    AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether ]$1[ is accepted])
-    RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
-    CFLAGS="[$]CFLAGS $1"
-    AC_TRY_COMPILE([$4], [$5],
-	[$2
-	AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)],
-	[$3
-	AC_MSG_RESULT(no)])
-    ])
-])
-
-AC_DEFUN(RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS, [
-    save_LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS"
-    LDFLAGS="[$]LDFLAGS $1"
-    AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether $1 is accepted])
-    RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
-    AC_TRY_LINK([$4], [$5],
-	[$2
-	AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)],
-	[$3
-	AC_MSG_RESULT(no)])
-    ])
-    LDFLAGS="$save_LDFLAGS"
-    save_LDFLAGS=
-])
-
-AS_CASE([$RUBY_PATCHLEVEL], [-*],
-	[particular_werror_flags=yes], [particular_werror_flags=no])
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(werror,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-werror],
-		       [don't make warnings into errors
-		       even if a compiler support -Werror feature
-		       [[disabled by default unless development version]]]),
-	[particular_werror_flags=$enableval])
-
-rb_cv_warnflags="$warnflags"
-if test "$GCC:${warnflags+set}:no" = yes::no; then
-    for wflag in -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wno-long-long \
-		 -Wno-missing-field-initializers \
-		 -Werror=pointer-arith \
-		 -Werror=write-strings \
-		 -Werror=declaration-after-statement \
-		 -Werror=shorten-64-to-32 \
-		 -Werror=implicit-function-declaration \
-		 ; do
-	if test "$particular_werror_flags" != yes; then
-	    wflag=`echo x$wflag | sed 's/^x-Werror=/-W/;s/^x//'`
-	fi
-	ok=no
-	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS($wflag, [warnflags="${warnflags+$warnflags }$wflag" ok=yes])
-	AS_CASE([$ok:$wflag], [no:-Werror=*], [
-	    wflag=`echo x$wflag | sed 's/^x-Werror=/-W/'`
-	    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS($wflag, [
-		warnflags="${warnflags+$warnflags }$wflag"
-		particular_werror_flags=no
-	    ])
-	])
-    done
-    AS_CASE([" $warnflags "],[*" -Wno-missing-field-initializers "*], [wflag="-Wall -Wextra"],
-                             [wflag=-Wall])
-    RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS($wflag, [warnflags="$wflag${warnflags+ $warnflags}"])
-    # Disable warnflags while conftest. -Werror=* flags might make bad OS capability guess.
-    rb_cv_warnflags="$warnflags"
-    warnflags=
-fi
-if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-    test "${debugflags+set}" || {RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-ggdb, [debugflags=-ggdb])}
-    test "${debugflags+set}" || {RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-g3, [debugflags=-g3])}
-fi
-test $ac_cv_prog_cc_g = yes && : ${debugflags=-g}
-
-if test "$GCC" = ""; then
-    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[aix*],[warnflags="-qinfo=por"])
-fi
-if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-    AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([
-	@%:@if !(defined __GNUC__ && __GNUC__ >= 4)
-	@%:@error not GCC 4 or later
-	>>>not GCC 4 or later<<<
-	@%:@endif])],
-	[visibility_option=yes], [visibility_option=no])
-    if test "$visibility_option" = yes; then
-	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-fvisibility=hidden, [visibility_option=yes], [visibility_option=no])
-    fi
-    AC_SUBST(WERRORFLAG, "-Werror")
-    if test "$visibility_option" = yes; then
-	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -fvisibility=hidden)
-    else
-	RUBY_TRY_LDFLAGS([-Wl,-unexported_symbol,_Init_*], [visibility_option=ld], [visibility_option=no])
-    fi
-    test "$visibility_option" = no || OBJCOPY=:
-fi
-
-if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-    AS_CASE(["$target_os"], [mingw*], [
-	RUBY_TRY_CFLAGS(-fno-omit-frame-pointer, [optflags="${optflags+$optflags }-fno-omit-frame-pointer"])
-    ])
-fi
-
-test -z "${ac_env_CFLAGS_set}" -a -n "${cflags+set}" && eval CFLAGS="\"$cflags $ARCH_FLAG\""
-test -z "${ac_env_CXXFLAGS_set}" -a -n "${cxxflags+set}" && eval CXXFLAGS="\"$cxxflags $ARCH_FLAG\""
-
-dnl check for large file stuff
-mv confdefs.h confdefs1.h
-: > confdefs.h
-AC_SYS_LARGEFILE
-mv confdefs.h largefile.h
-mv confdefs1.h confdefs.h
-cat largefile.h >> confdefs.h
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[mingw*], [ac_cv_type_off_t=yes;ac_cv_sizeof_off_t=8])
-
-AC_C_BIGENDIAN
-AC_C_CONST
-AC_C_CHAR_UNSIGNED
-AC_C_INLINE
-AC_C_VOLATILE
-
-AS_CASE(":$ac_cv_c_const:$ac_cv_c_volatile:",
-    [*:no:*], [AC_MSG_ERROR(ANSI C-conforming const and volatile are mandatory)])
-
-AC_CHECK_TYPES([long long, off_t])
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([char bit], [rb_cv_char_bit],
-    [test "$universal_binary" = yes && cross_compiling=yes
-    AC_COMPUTE_INT([rb_cv_char_bit], [CHAR_BIT],
-	[AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([@%:@include <limits.h>])], [rb_cv_char_bit=8])
-    test "$universal_binary" = yes && cross_compiling=$real_cross_compiling])
-
-dnl RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF [typename], [maybe same size types], [macros], [include]
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF],
-[m4_bmatch([$1], [\.], [], [if test "$universal_binary" = yes; then])
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([size of $1], [AS_TR_SH([ac_cv_sizeof_$1])], [
-    unset AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)
-    rbcv_var="
-typedef m4_bpatsubst([$1], [\..*]) ac__type_sizeof_;
-static ac__type_sizeof_ *rbcv_ptr;
-@%:@define AS_TR_CPP(SIZEOF_$1) sizeof((*rbcv_ptr)[]m4_bmatch([$1], [\.], .m4_bpatsubst([$1], [^[^.]*\.])))
-"
-    m4_ifval([$2], [test -z "${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)+set}" && {
-    for t in $2; do
-	AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(
-	    [AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY(AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([$4]
-		[$rbcv_var]),
-		[AS_TR_CPP(SIZEOF_$1) == sizeof($t)])], [
-		AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)=AS_TR_CPP([SIZEOF_]$t)
-		break])
-    done
-    }])
-    unset cond
-    m4_ifval([$3], [test -z "${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)+set}" && {
-    for s in 32 64 128; do
-	for t in $3; do
-	    cond="${cond}
-@%:@${cond+el}if defined(__${t}${s}__) || defined(__${t}${s}) || defined(_${t}${s}) || defined(${t}${s})"
-	    hdr="AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([$4
-@%:@if defined(__${t}${s}__) || defined(__${t}${s}) || defined(_${t}${s}) || defined(${t}${s})
-@%:@ define AS_TR_CPP(HAVE_$1) 1
-@%:@else
-@%:@ define AS_TR_CPP(HAVE_$1) 0
-@%:@endif])"
-	    AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([$hdr], [!AS_TR_CPP(HAVE_$1)])], [continue])
-	    AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([$hdr]
-				[$rbcv_var],
-				[AS_TR_CPP(HAVE_$1) == (AS_TR_CPP(SIZEOF_$1) == ([$[s / rb_cv_char_bit]]))])],
-		[AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)="${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)+${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)-} }${t}${s}"])
-	done
-    done
-    }])
-    m4_ifval([$2][$3], [case "${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)}" in
-    #(
-    [SIZEOF_*]);;
-    #(
-    *)])
-    test "$universal_binary" = yes && cross_compiling=yes
-    AC_COMPUTE_INT([t], AS_TR_CPP(SIZEOF_$1), [AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([$4])]
-[${cond+$cond
-@%:@else}
-$rbcv_var
-${cond+@%:@endif}
-@%:@ifndef AS_TR_CPP(SIZEOF_$1)
-@%:@define AS_TR_CPP(SIZEOF_$1) 0
-@%:@endif], [t=0])
-    test "$universal_binary" = yes && cross_compiling=$real_cross_compiling
-    if test ${t-0} != 0; then
-	AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)="${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)+${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)-} }${t}"
-    fi
-    m4_ifval([$2][$3], [;; esac])
-    : ${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)=0}
-])
-{
-    unset cond
-    for t in ${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_sizeof_$1)-}; do
-	AS_CASE(["$t"],
-	[[[0-9]*|SIZEOF_*]], [
-	    ${cond+echo "@%:@else"}
-	    echo "[@%:@define ]AS_TR_CPP(SIZEOF_$1) [$t]"
-	    break
-	    ],
-	[
-	    s=`expr $t : ['.*[^0-9]\([0-9][0-9]*\)$']`
-	    echo "@%:@${cond+el}if defined(__${t}__) || defined(__${t}) || defined(_${t}) || defined($t)"
-	    echo "@%:@define AS_TR_CPP(SIZEOF_$1) [$[s / rb_cv_char_bit]]"
-	    cond=1
-	    ])
-    done
-    ${cond+echo "@%:@endif"}
-} >> confdefs.h
-m4_bmatch([$1], [\.], [], [else
-AC_CHECK_SIZEOF([$1], 0, [$4])
-fi])
-])
-
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(int, [], [ILP])
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(short)
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(long, [int], [ILP LP])
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(long long)
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(__int64)
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(off_t)
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(void*, [int long "long long"], [ILP LP LLP])
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(float)
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(double)
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(time_t, [long "long long"], [], [@%:@include <time.h>])
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX], [
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([for printf prefix for $1], [rb_cv_pri_prefix_]AS_TR_SH($1),[
-    [rb_cv_pri_prefix_]AS_TR_SH($1)=[NONE]
-    RUBY_WERROR_FLAG(for pri in $2; do
-        AC_TRY_COMPILE(
-            [@%:@include <stdio.h>
-	    @%:@include <stddef.h>
-            @%:@ifdef __GNUC__
-            @%:@define PRINTF_ARGS(decl, string_index, first_to_check) \
-              decl __attribute__((format(printf, string_index, first_to_check)))
-            @%:@else
-            @%:@define PRINTF_ARGS(decl, string_index, first_to_check) decl
-            @%:@endif
-	    PRINTF_ARGS(void test_sprintf(const char*, ...), 1, 2);],
-            [printf("%]${pri}[d", (]$1[)42);
-            test_sprintf("%]${pri}[d", (]$1[)42);],
-            [rb_cv_pri_prefix_]AS_TR_SH($1)[=[$pri]; break])
-    done)])
-if test "[$rb_cv_pri_prefix_]AS_TR_SH($1)" != NONE; then
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([PRI_]m4_ifval($3,$3,AS_TR_CPP(m4_bpatsubst([$1],[_t$])))[_PREFIX],
-        "[$rb_cv_pri_prefix_]AS_TR_SH($1)")
-fi
-])
-
-if test "x$ac_cv_type_long_long" = xyes; then
-    RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(long long, ll I64, LL)
-elif test "x$ac_cv_type___int64" = xyes; then
-    RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(__int64, ll I64, LL)
-fi
-
-dnl RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE [typename] [default type] [macro type] [included]
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE], [dnl
-    AC_CHECK_TYPE([$1],
-		  [n="patsubst([$1],["],[\\"])"],
-		  [n="patsubst([$2],["],[\\"])"],
-		  [$4])
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for convertible type of [$1]], rb_cv_[$1]_convertible, [
-	u= t=
-	AS_CASE(["$n "],
-	  [*" signed "*], [ ],
-	  [*" unsigned "*], [
-	    u=U],
-	  [
-	    AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(
-		[AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([$4])], [($n)-1 > 0])],
-		[u=U])])
-	if test x"$t" = x; then
-	    for t in "long long" long int short; do
-		test -n "$u" && t="unsigned $t"
-		AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(
-		    [AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([$4])]
-			[typedef $n rbcv_conftest_target_type;
-			typedef $t rbcv_conftest_replace_type;
-			extern rbcv_conftest_target_type rbcv_conftest_var;
-			extern rbcv_conftest_replace_type rbcv_conftest_var;
-			extern rbcv_conftest_target_type rbcv_conftest_func(void);
-			extern rbcv_conftest_replace_type rbcv_conftest_func(void);
-			], [sizeof(rbcv_conftest_target_type) == sizeof(rbcv_conftest_replace_type)])],
-		    [n="$t"; break])
-	    done
-	fi
-	AS_CASE([" $n "],
-	  [*" long long "*], [
-	    t=LL],
-	  [*" long "*], [
-	    t=LONG],
-	  [
-	    t=INT])
-	rb_cv_[$1]_convertible=${u}${t}])
-    test "${AS_TR_SH(ac_cv_type_[$1])}" = "yes" && n="$1"
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(rb_[$1], $n)
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([$3]2NUM[(v)], [${rb_cv_[$1]_convertible}2NUM(v)])
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(NUM2[$3][(v)], [NUM2${rb_cv_[$1]_convertible}(v)])
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(PRI_[$3]_PREFIX,
-	[PRI_`echo ${rb_cv_[$1]_convertible} | sed ['s/^U//']`_PREFIX])
-])
-RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(pid_t, int, PIDT)
-RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(uid_t, int, UIDT)
-RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(gid_t, int, GIDT)
-RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(time_t, [], TIMET, [@%:@include <time.h>])
-RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(dev_t, [int long "long long"], DEVT)
-RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(mode_t, ["unsigned int" long], MODET, [@%:@include <sys/stat.h>])
-RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE(rlim_t, [int long "long long"], RLIM, [@%:@include <sys/resource.h>])
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for prototypes, rb_cv_have_prototypes,
-  [AC_TRY_COMPILE([int foo(int x) { return 0; }], [return foo(10);],
-	rb_cv_have_prototypes=yes,
-	rb_cv_have_prototypes=no)])
-if test "$rb_cv_have_prototypes" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_PROTOTYPES)
-fi
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(token paste string, rb_cv_tokenpaste,
-  [AC_TRY_COMPILE([#define paste(a,b) a##b],
-		  [int xy = 1; return paste(x,y);],
-		  rb_cv_tokenpaste=ansi,
-		  rb_cv_tokenpaste=knr)])
-if test "$rb_cv_tokenpaste" = ansi; then
-  AC_DEFINE(TOKEN_PASTE(x,y),[x##y])
-else
-  AC_DEFINE(TOKEN_PASTE(x,y),[x/**/y])
-fi
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(stringization, rb_cv_stringization, [
-  rb_cv_stringization=no
-  for string in "#expr" '"expr"'; do
-    AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([
-      AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([
-#define STRINGIZE0(expr) $string
-#define STRINGIZE(expr) STRINGIZE0(expr)
-#undef real_test_for_stringization
-#define test_for_stringization -.real_test_for_stringization.-
-const char stringized[[]] = STRINGIZE(test_for_stringization);
-], [sizeof(stringized) == 32])],
-      [rb_cv_stringization="$string"; break],
-      [rb_cv_stringization=no])
-  done]
-)
-AC_DEFINE(STRINGIZE(expr),STRINGIZE0(expr))
-if test x"$rb_cv_stringization" != xno -a "$rb_cv_stringization" != "#expr"; then
-  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(STRINGIZE0(expr),$rb_cv_stringization)
-  AC_DEFINE(OLD_FASHIONED_STRINGIZATION,1)
-fi
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([string literal concatenation],
-  rb_cv_string_literal_concatenation, [
-  AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([
-    AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([
-const char concatenated_literal[[]] = "literals" "to"
-  "be" "concatenated.";
-], [sizeof(concatenated_literal) == 26])],
-    [rb_cv_string_literal_concatenation=yes],
-    [rb_cv_string_literal_concatenation=no])]
-)
-if test "$rb_cv_string_literal_concatenation" = no; then
-  AC_DEFINE(NO_STRING_LITERAL_CONCATENATION,1)
-fi
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for variable length prototypes and stdarg.h, rb_cv_stdarg,
-  [AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-#include <stdarg.h>
-int foo(int x, ...) {
-	va_list va;
-	va_start(va, x);
-	va_arg(va, int);
-	va_arg(va, char *);
-	va_arg(va, double);
-	return 0;
-}
-], [return foo(10, "", 3.14);],
-	rb_cv_stdarg=yes,
-	rb_cv_stdarg=no)])
-if test "$rb_cv_stdarg" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES)
-fi
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for variable length macro, rb_cv_va_args_macro,
-  [AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-int foo(int x, ...);
-@%:@define FOO(a, ...) foo(a, @%:@@%:@__VA_ARGS__)
-], [FOO(1);FOO(1,2);FOO(1,2,3);],
-  rb_cv_va_args_macro=yes,
-  rb_cv_va_args_macro=no)])
-if test "$rb_cv_va_args_macro" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_VA_ARGS_MACRO)
-fi
-
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_DEFINE_IF], [dnl
-    m4_ifval([$1],[test "$1" && cat <<EOH >> confdefs.h
-@%:@if $1
-EOH
-])dnl
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED($2, $3)
-    m4_ifval([$1],[test "$1" && cat <<EOH >> confdefs.h
-@%:@endif /* $1 */
-EOH
-])dnl
-])dnl
-
-dnl RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(attrib, macroname, cachevar, condition)
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE], [dnl
-m4_ifval([$2], dnl
-  [AS_VAR_PUSHDEF([attrib],[$2])], dnl
-  [AS_VAR_PUSHDEF([attrib],[FUNC_]AS_TR_CPP($1))] dnl
-)dnl
-m4_ifval([$3], dnl
-  [AS_VAR_PUSHDEF([rbcv],[$3])], dnl
-  [AS_VAR_PUSHDEF([rbcv],[rb_cv_func_][$1])]dnl
-)dnl
-m4_ifval([$4], [rbcv_cond=[$4]; test "$rbcv_cond" || unset rbcv_cond])
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for [$1] function attribute, rbcv,
-[rbcv=x
-RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
-for mac in "__attribute__ (($1)) x" "x __attribute__ (($1))" "__declspec($1) x" x; do
-  m4_ifval([$4],mac="$mac"${rbcv_cond+" /* only if $rbcv_cond */"})
-  AC_TRY_COMPILE(
-    m4_ifval([$4],${rbcv_cond+[@%:@if ]$rbcv_cond})
-[@%:@define ]attrib[(x) $mac]
-m4_ifval([$4],${rbcv_cond+[@%:@else]}
-${rbcv_cond+[@%:@define ]attrib[(x) x]}
-${rbcv_cond+[@%:@endif]})
-    attrib[(void conftest_attribute_check(void));], [],
-    [rbcv="$mac"; break])
-done
-])])
-if test "$rbcv" != x; then
-    RUBY_DEFINE_IF([${rbcv_cond}], attrib[(x)], $rbcv)
-fi
-AS_VAR_POPDEF([attrib])
-AS_VAR_POPDEF([rbcv])
-])
-
-RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(noreturn, NORETURN)
-RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(deprecated, DEPRECATED)
-RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(noinline, NOINLINE)
-
-if_i386=${universal_binary+[defined __i386__]}
-RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(stdcall,  [], [], ${if_i386})
-RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(cdecl,    [], [], ${if_i386})
-RUBY_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE(fastcall, [], [], ${if_i386})
-
-if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for function alias], [rb_cv_gcc_function_alias],
-	[rb_cv_gcc_function_alias=no
-	for a in alias weak,alias; do
-	    AC_TRY_LINK([void foo(void) {}
-		void bar(void) __attribute__(($a("foo")));], [bar()],
-		[rb_cv_gcc_function_alias=$a; break])
-	done])
-    if test "$rb_cv_gcc_function_alias" != no; then
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION_TYPE(type, prot, name, args)],
-			   [type prot __attribute__(($rb_cv_gcc_function_alias(@%:@name)));])
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION_VOID(prot, name, args)],
-			   [RUBY_ALIAS_FUNCTION_TYPE(void, prot, name, args)])
-    fi
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for atomic builtins], [rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins], [
-	AC_TRY_LINK([unsigned char atomic_var;],
-		    [
-			__sync_lock_test_and_set(&atomic_var, 0);
-			__sync_lock_test_and_set(&atomic_var, 1);
-			__sync_fetch_and_add(&atomic_var, 1);
-			__sync_fetch_and_sub(&atomic_var, 1);
-		    ],
-		    [rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins=yes],
-		    [rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins=no])])
-    if test "$rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins" = yes; then
-	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
-    fi
-fi
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for exported function attribute, rb_cv_func_exported, [
-rb_cv_func_exported=no
-RUBY_WERROR_FLAG([
-for mac in '__attribute__ ((visibility("default")))' '__declspec(dllexport)'; do
-  AC_TRY_COMPILE([@%:@define RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED $mac extern
-    RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED void conftest_attribute_check(void);], [],
-    [rb_cv_func_exported="$mac"; break])
-done
-])])
-if test "$rb_cv_func_exported" != no; then
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED, [$rb_cv_func_exported extern])
-fi
-
-RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XCFLAGS, -DRUBY_EXPORT)
-
-dnl }
-dnl header and library section {
-
-dnl Check whether we need to define sys_nerr locally
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([sys_nerr], [], [], [$ac_includes_default
-#include <errno.h>])
-
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(win95,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-win95], [enable Windows 95 series support]),
-  [AS_CASE(["$enableval"],[yes|no],[enable_win95=$enableval],[unset enable_win95])])
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-[freebsd*], [
-  AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether pthread should be enabled by default],
-    rb_cv_enable_pthread_default,
-    [AC_TRY_CPP([
-#include <osreldate.h>
-#if __FreeBSD_version < 502102
-#error pthread should be disabled on this platform
-#endif
-      ],
-      rb_cv_enable_pthread_default=yes,
-      rb_cv_enable_pthread_default=no)])
-  enable_pthread=$rb_cv_enable_pthread_default
-  ],
-[mingw*], [
-  enable_pthread=no
-  ],
-[
-  enable_pthread=yes
-  ])
-
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(pthread,
-       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-pthread], [obsolete, and ignored]))
-
-dnl Checks for libraries.
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[*bsd*|dragonfly*],[],[ac_cv_func_daemon=no])
-
-POSTLINK=:
-AC_SUBST(POSTLINK)
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-[solaris*], [
-		AC_DEFINE(SIZEOF_STRUCT_DIRENT_TOO_SMALL, 1)
-		LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
-		],
-# GNU Hurd
-[gnu*], [
-		AC_DEFINE(SIZEOF_STRUCT_DIRENT_TOO_SMALL, 1)
-		LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
-		],
-[nextstep*], [	],
-[openstep*], [	],
-[rhapsody*], [	],
-[darwin*], [	RUBY_PREPEND_OPTION(LIBS, -lobjc)
-		RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CPPFLAGS, -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE)
-		AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether Mac OS X 10.5 or later)
-		AC_TRY_CPP([#include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
-		    #if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED <= 1040
-		    #error pre OS X 10.4
-		    [!<===== pre OS X 10.4 =====>]
-		    #endif
-		    ],
-		    [macosx_10_5=yes], [macosx_10_5=no])
-		AC_MSG_RESULT($macosx_10_5)
-		if test $macosx_10_5 = yes; then
-		    ac_cv_header_ucontext_h=no
-		else
-		    AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_SETREUID, 1)
-		    AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_SETREGID, 1)
-		fi
-		ac_cv_type_getgroups=gid_t # getgroups() on Rosetta fills garbage
-		ac_cv_lib_crypt_crypt=no
-		ac_cv_func_fdatasync=no # Mac OS X wrongly reports it has fdatasync()
-                AC_CACHE_CHECK(for broken crypt with 8bit chars, rb_cv_broken_crypt,
-                    [AC_TRY_RUN([
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-int
-main()
-{
-    int i;
-    for (i = 0; i < 128*128; i++) {
-	char salt[2], buf[256], *s;
-	salt[0] = 0x80 | (i & 0x7f);
-	salt[1] = 0x80 | (i >> 7);
-	strcpy(buf, crypt("", salt));
-	if (strcmp(buf, s = crypt("", salt))) {
-#if 0
-	    printf("%.2x%.2x: %s -> %s\n", (unsigned char)salt[0], (unsigned char)salt[1],
-		   buf+2, s+2);
-#endif
-	    return 1;
-	}
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-],
-	            rb_cv_broken_crypt=no,
-	            rb_cv_broken_crypt=yes,
-	            rb_cv_broken_crypt=yes)])
-                if test "$rb_cv_broken_crypt" = yes; then
-                  AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_CRYPT, 1)
-                fi
-		],
-[hpux*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
-		ac_cv_c_inline=no],
-[human*], [	ac_cv_func_getpgrp_void=yes
-		ac_cv_func_setitimer=no
-		AC_CHECK_LIB(signal, _harderr)
-		AC_CHECK_LIB(hmem, hmemset)
-		AC_CHECK_FUNCS(select)
-		AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether PD libc _dtos18 fail to convert big number,
-		   rb_cv_missing__dtos18,
-		[AC_TRY_RUN([
-#include <stdio.h>
-int
-main()
-{
-   char buf[256];
-   sprintf(buf, "%g", 1e+300);
-   return (strcmp (buf, "1e+300") ? 0 : 1);
-}
-],
-		rb_cv_missing__dtos18=yes, rb_cv_missing__dtos18=no, rb_cv_missing__dtos18=no)])
-		if test "$rb_cv_missing__dtos18" = yes; then
-		    AC_DEFINE(MISSING__DTOS18)
-		fi
-		AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether PD libc fconvert fail to round,
-			       rb_cv_missing_fconvert,
-		[AC_TRY_RUN([
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <math.h>
-int
-main()
-{
-  char buf[256];
-  sprintf(buf, "%f", log(exp(1.0)));
-  return (strcmp (buf, "1.000000") ? 0 : 1);
-}
-],
-		rb_cv_missing_fconvert=yes, rb_cv_missing_fconvert=no, rb_cv_missing_fconvert=no)])
-		if test "$rb_cv_missing_fconvert" = yes; then
-		    AC_DEFINE(MISSING_FCONVERT)
-		fi
-		],
-[beos*|haiku*], [
-		ac_cv_func_link=no
-		ac_cv_func_sched_yield=no
-		ac_cv_func_pthread_attr_setinheritsched=no
-		AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-		[beos*], [ ac_cv_header_net_socket_h=yes],
-		[haiku*], [ ac_cv_func_shutdown=no])
-		LIBS="$LIBS" # m lib is include in root under BeOS/Haiku
-		],
-[cygwin*], [	ac_cv_header_langinfo_h=yes
-		AC_CHECK_FUNCS(cygwin_conv_path)
-		AC_LIBOBJ([langinfo])
-		],
-[mingw*], [	LIBS="-lshell32 -lws2_32 -limagehlp -lshlwapi $LIBS"
-		ac_cv_header_a_out_h=no
-		ac_cv_header_pwd_h=no
-		ac_cv_header_utime_h=no
-		ac_cv_header_sys_ioctl_h=no
-		ac_cv_header_sys_param_h=no
-		ac_cv_header_sys_resource_h=no
-		ac_cv_header_sys_select_h=no
-		ac_cv_header_sys_time_h=no
-		ac_cv_header_sys_times_h=no
-		ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=no
-		ac_cv_func_times=yes
-		ac_cv_func_waitpid=yes
-		ac_cv_func_fsync=yes
-		ac_cv_func_seekdir=yes
-		ac_cv_func_telldir=yes
-		ac_cv_func_isinf=yes
-		ac_cv_func_isnan=yes
-		ac_cv_func_finite=yes
-		ac_cv_func_link=yes
-		ac_cv_func_fseeko=yes
-		ac_cv_lib_crypt_crypt=no
-		ac_cv_func_getpgrp_void=no
-		ac_cv_func_memcmp_working=yes
-		ac_cv_lib_dl_dlopen=no
-		rb_cv_binary_elf=no
-		rb_cv_negative_time_t=no
-		ac_cv_func_fcntl=yes
-		ac_cv_func_flock=yes
-		rb_cv_large_fd_select=yes
-		ac_cv_type_struct_timeval=yes
-		AC_LIBOBJ([langinfo])
-		: ${enable_win95=maybe}
-		],
-[os2-emx*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
-		ac_cv_lib_dir_opendir=no],
-[msdosdjgpp*], [
-		LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
-		ac_cv_func_getpgrp_void=yes
-		ac_cv_func_setitimer=no
-		ac_cv_sizeof_rlim_t=4
-		ac_cv_func_fork=no
-		ac_cv_func_setrlimit=no
-		ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=no
-		],
-[bsdi*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
-		AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_SETREUID, 1)
-		AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_SETREGID, 1)
-                ac_cv_sizeof_rlim_t=8],
-[freebsd*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
-		ac_cv_func_getpeername=no
-		ac_cv_func_getsockname=no
-		ac_cv_func_shutdown=no
-		ac_cv_func_close=no
-		],
-[dragonfly*], [	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
-		],
-[bow], [	ac_cv_func_setitimer=no
-		],
-[superux*], [	ac_cv_func_setitimer=no
-		],
-[	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"])
-AC_CHECK_LIB(crypt, crypt)
-AC_CHECK_LIB(dl, dlopen)	# Dynamic linking for SunOS/Solaris and SYSV
-AC_CHECK_LIB(dld, shl_load)	# Dynamic linking for HP-UX
-AC_CHECK_LIB(socket, socketpair)	# SunOS/Solaris
-AC_CHECK_LIB(rt, clock_gettime)	# GNU/Linux
-if test "${enable_win95}" = maybe; then
-    AC_HAVE_LIBRARY(unicows, [enable_win95=yes], [enable_win95=no])
-fi
-if test "${enable_win95}" = yes; then
-    AC_DEFINE(WIN95)
-    LIBS="-lunicows $LIBS"
-fi
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"],
-[alpha*|sh4|sh4el|sh4eb], [AS_CASE(["$target_os"::"$GCC"],
-		[*::yes],  # gcc
-			[CFLAGS="-mieee $CFLAGS"],
-		[osf*],    # ccc
-			[CFLAGS="-ieee $CFLAGS"],
-		)],
-[sparc*], [AC_LIBOBJ([sparc])])
-
-ac_cv_header_net_socket_h=${ac_cv_header_net_socket_h=no}
-if test "$ac_cv_header_net_socket_h" = yes; then
-    ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=no}
-else
-    ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=${ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h=yes}
-fi
-
-dnl Checks for header files.
-AC_HEADER_DIRENT
-dnl AC_HEADER_STDC has been checked in AC_USE_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS
-AC_HEADER_STDBOOL
-AC_HEADER_SYS_WAIT
-AC_CHECK_HEADERS(limits.h sys/file.h sys/ioctl.h sys/syscall.h\
-		 fcntl.h sys/fcntl.h sys/select.h sys/time.h sys/times.h sys/param.h\
-		 syscall.h pwd.h grp.h a.out.h utime.h direct.h sys/resource.h \
-		 sys/mkdev.h sys/utime.h xti.h netinet/in_systm.h float.h ieeefp.h \
-		 ucontext.h intrinsics.h langinfo.h locale.h sys/sendfile.h time.h \
-		 net/socket.h sys/socket.h process.h atomic.h)
-
-AC_TYPE_SIZE_T
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(size_t, [int long void*], [], [@%:@include <sys/types.h>])
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF(ptrdiff_t, size_t, [], [@%:@include <stddef.h>])
-RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(size_t, z)
-RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX(ptrdiff_t, t)
-AC_STRUCT_ST_BLKSIZE
-AC_STRUCT_ST_BLOCKS
-AC_STRUCT_ST_RDEV
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF([struct stat.st_size], [int long "long long"], [], [@%:@include <sys/stat.h>])
-if test "$ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_blocks" = yes; then
-    RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF([struct stat.st_blocks], [int long "long long"], [], [@%:@include <sys/stat.h>])
-fi
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_atim])
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_atimespec])
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_atimensec])
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_mtim])
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_mtimespec])
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_mtimensec])
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_ctim])
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_ctimespec])
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_ctimensec])
-
-AC_CHECK_TYPES([struct timeval], [], [], [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
-@%:@include <time.h>
-@%:@endif
-@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
-@%:@include <sys/time.h>
-@%:@endif])
-
-AC_CHECK_TYPES([struct timespec], [], [], [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
-@%:@include <time.h>
-@%:@endif])
-
-AC_CHECK_TYPES([struct timezone], [], [], [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
-@%:@ include <time.h>
-@%:@endif
-@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
-@%:@ include <sys/time.h>
-@%:@endif])
-
-AC_CHECK_TYPES([clockid_t], [], [], [@%:@ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
-@%:@ include <time.h>
-@%:@endif
-@%:@ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
-@%:@ include <sys/time.h>
-@%:@endif])
-
-AC_CACHE_VAL([rb_cv_large_fd_select],
-    [AC_CHECK_TYPE(fd_mask, [rb_cv_large_fd_select=yes], [rb_cv_large_fd_select=no])])
-if test "$rb_cv_large_fd_select" = yes; then
-    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_RB_FD_INIT, 1)
-fi
-
-dnl RUBY_DEFINT TYPENAME, SIZE, [SIGNED-OR-UNSIGNED], [INCLUDES = DEFAULT-INCLUDES]
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_DEFINT], [dnl
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([for $1], [rb_cv_type_$1],
-[AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([$4])
-typedef $1 t; int s = sizeof(t) == 42;])],
-   [rb_cv_type_$1=yes],
-   [AS_CASE([m4_bmatch([$2], [^[1-9][0-9]*$], $2, [$ac_cv_sizeof_]AS_TR_SH($2))],
-    ["1"], [ rb_cv_type_$1="m4_if([$3], [], [signed ], [$3 ])char"],
-    ["$ac_cv_sizeof_short"], [ rb_cv_type_$1="m4_if([$3], [], [], [$3 ])short"],
-    ["$ac_cv_sizeof_int"], [ rb_cv_type_$1="m4_if([$3], [], [], [$3 ])int"],
-    ["$ac_cv_sizeof_long"], [ rb_cv_type_$1="m4_if([$3], [], [], [$3 ])long"],
-    ["$ac_cv_sizeof_long_long"], [ rb_cv_type_$1="m4_if([$3], [], [], [$3 ])long long"],
-    ["$ac_cv_sizeof___int64"], [ rb_cv_type_$1="m4_if([$3], [], [], [$3 ])__int64"],
-    [ rb_cv_type_$1=no])])])
-if test "${rb_cv_type_$1}" != no; then
-    AC_DEFINE([HAVE_]AS_TR_CPP($1), 1)
-    if test "${rb_cv_type_$1}" = yes; then
-	m4_bmatch([$2], [^[1-9][0-9]*$], [AC_CHECK_SIZEOF([$1], 0, [AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([$4])])],
-			[RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF([$1], [$2], [], [AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT([$4])])])
-    else
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED($1, [$rb_cv_type_$1])
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([SIZEOF_]AS_TR_CPP($1), [SIZEOF_]AS_TR_CPP([$rb_cv_type_$1]))
-    fi
-fi
-])
-
-RUBY_DEFINT(int8_t, 1)
-RUBY_DEFINT(uint8_t, 1, unsigned)
-RUBY_DEFINT(int16_t, 2)
-RUBY_DEFINT(uint16_t, 2, unsigned)
-RUBY_DEFINT(int32_t, 4)
-RUBY_DEFINT(uint32_t, 4, unsigned)
-RUBY_DEFINT(int64_t, 8)
-RUBY_DEFINT(uint64_t, 8, unsigned)
-RUBY_DEFINT(int128_t, 16)
-RUBY_DEFINT(uint128_t, 16, unsigned)
-RUBY_DEFINT(intptr_t, void*)
-RUBY_DEFINT(uintptr_t, void*, unsigned)
-RUBY_DEFINT(ssize_t, size_t, [], [@%:@include <sys/types.h>])	dnl may differ from int, so not use AC_TYPE_SSIZE_T.
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for stack end address, rb_cv_stack_end_address,
-[rb_cv_stack_end_address=no
-for addr in __libc_stack_end _SEND; do
-  AC_TRY_LINK(
-    [extern void *$addr;],
-    [if (!$addr) return 1;],
-    [rb_cv_stack_end_address="$addr"; break])
-done])
-if test $rb_cv_stack_end_address != no; then
-  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(STACK_END_ADDRESS, $rb_cv_stack_end_address)
-fi
-
-dnl Checks for library functions.
-AC_TYPE_GETGROUPS
-AC_TYPE_SIGNAL
-AS_CASE(["${target_cpu}-${target_os}:${target_archs}"],
-[powerpc-darwin*], [
-  AC_LIBSOURCES(alloca.c)
-  AC_SUBST([ALLOCA], [\${LIBOBJDIR}alloca.${ac_objext}])
-  AC_DEFINE(C_ALLOCA)
-  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(alloca, alloca)
-  ],
-[universal-darwin*:*ppc*], [
-  AC_LIBSOURCES(alloca.c)
-  AC_SUBST([ALLOCA], [\${LIBOBJDIR}alloca.${ac_objext}])
-  RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __powerpc__], C_ALLOCA, 1)
-  RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __powerpc__], alloca, alloca)
-  ],
-[
-  AC_FUNC_ALLOCA
-  ])
-if test "x$ALLOCA" = "x"; then
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for dynamic size alloca], rb_cv_dynamic_alloca, [
-    for chk in ok __chkstk; do
-	AC_TRY_LINK([
-	    @%:@ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
-	    @%:@include <alloca.h>
-	    @%:@endif
-	    void $chk() {}
-	    int dynamic_alloca_test;
-	    int dynamic_alloca_result;],
-	    [dynamic_alloca_result = alloca(dynamic_alloca_test) != 0;],
-	    [rb_cv_dynamic_alloca=$chk; break])
-    done])
-    if test "x$rb_cv_dynamic_alloca" = "x__chkstk"; then
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_ALLOCA_CHKSTK, _$rb_cv_dynamic_alloca)
-	AS_CASE("$target_cpu",
-	[x64|x86_64], [
-	    AC_SUBST([ALLOCA], [\${LIBOBJDIR}x86_64-chkstk.${ac_objext}])
-	],)
-    fi
-fi
-AC_FUNC_MEMCMP
-
-# http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-hacker/2005-08/msg00008.html
-# Debian GNU/Linux Etch's libc6.1 2.3.6.ds1-13etch5 has this problem.
-# Debian GNU/Linux Lenny's libc6.1 2.7-10 has no problem.
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for broken erfc of glibc-2.3.6 on IA64, rb_cv_broken_glibc_ia64_erfc,
-  [AC_TRY_RUN([
-#include <math.h>
-int
-main()
-{
-   erfc(10000.0);
-   return 0;
-}
-],
-	rb_cv_broken_glibc_ia64_erfc=no,
-	rb_cv_broken_glibc_ia64_erfc=yes,
-	rb_cv_broken_glibc_ia64_erfc=no)])
-AS_CASE([$rb_cv_broken_glibc_ia64_erfc],[yes],[ac_cv_func_erf=no])
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[freebsd*],[
-	 AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_CLOSE)
-	 AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(close)
-	 ])
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(dup2 memmove strerror\
-		 strchr strstr crypt flock\
-		 isnan finite isinf hypot acosh erf tgamma lgamma_r cbrt \
-                 strlcpy strlcat ffs setproctitle)
-
-# for missing/setproctitle.c
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-[aix* | k*bsd*-gnu | kopensolaris*-gnu | linux* | darwin*], [AC_DEFINE(SPT_TYPE,SPT_REUSEARGV)],
-[hpux*], [AC_DEFINE(SPT_TYPE,SPT_PSTAT) ],
-[])
-AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/pstat.h)
-
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for signbit, rb_cv_have_signbit,
-  [AC_TRY_LINK([
-#include <math.h>
-], [int v = signbit(-0.0);],
-	rb_cv_have_signbit=yes,
-	rb_cv_have_signbit=no)])
-if test "$rb_cv_have_signbit" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_SIGNBIT)
-else
-  AC_LIBOBJ([signbit])
-fi
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fmod killpg wait4 waitpid fork spawnv syscall __syscall chroot getcwd eaccess\
-	      truncate ftruncate ftello chsize times utimes utimensat fcntl lockf lstat\
-	      truncate64 ftruncate64 ftello64 fseeko fseeko64 \
-	      link symlink readlink readdir_r fsync fdatasync fchown posix_fadvise\
-	      setitimer setruid seteuid setreuid setresuid socketpair\
-	      setrgid setegid setregid setresgid issetugid pause lchown lchmod\
-	      getpgrp setpgrp getpgid setpgid initgroups getgroups setgroups\
-	      getpriority getrlimit setrlimit sysconf close getgrnam_r\
-	      dlopen sigprocmask sigaction sigsetjmp _setjmp _longjmp\
-	      setsid telldir seekdir fchmod cosh sinh tanh log2 round\
-	      setuid setgid daemon select_large_fdset setenv unsetenv\
-              mktime timegm gmtime_r clock_gettime gettimeofday poll ppoll\
-              pread sendfile shutdown sigaltstack dl_iterate_phdr)
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for unsetenv returns a value, rb_cv_unsetenv_return_value,
-  [AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-#include <stdlib.h>
-], [int v = unsetenv("foo");],
-	rb_cv_unsetenv_return_value=yes,
-	rb_cv_unsetenv_return_value=no)])
-if test "$rb_cv_unsetenv_return_value" = no; then
-  AC_DEFINE(VOID_UNSETENV)
-fi
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for __builtin_setjmp, ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp,
-[AC_TRY_LINK([@%:@include <setjmp.h>
-    jmp_buf jb; void t(v) int v; {__builtin_longjmp(jb, v);}],
-    [__builtin_setjmp(jb);],
-    [ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp=yes],
-    [ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp=no])
-])
-
-test x$ac_cv_func__longjmp = xno && ac_cv_func__setjmp=no
-
-AC_MSG_CHECKING(for setjmp type)
-AC_ARG_WITH(setjmp-type,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-setjmp-type], [select setjmp type]),
-	[
-	AS_CASE([$withval],
-	[__builtin_setjmp], [ setjmp_prefix=__builtin_],
-	[_setjmp], [ setjmp_prefix=_],
-	[sigsetjmp], [ setjmp_prefix=sig],
-	[setjmp], [ setjmp_prefix=],
-	[''], [ unset setjmp_prefix],
-	[   AC_MSG_ERROR(invalid setjmp type: $withval)])], [unset setjmp_prefix])
-if test ${setjmp_prefix+set}; then
-    if test "${setjmp_prefix}" && eval test '$ac_cv_func_'${setjmp_prefix}setjmp = no; then
-	AC_MSG_ERROR(${setjmp_prefix}setjmp is not available)
-    fi
-elif test "$ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp" = yes; then
-    setjmp_prefix=__builtin_
-elif test "$ac_cv_func__setjmp" = yes; then
-    setjmp_prefix=_
-elif test "$ac_cv_func_sigsetjmp" = yes; then
-    AS_CASE([$target_os],[solaris*|cygwin*],[setjmp_prefix=],[setjmp_prefix=sig])
-else
-    setjmp_prefix=
-fi
-if test x$setjmp_prefix = xsig; then
-    setjmp_sigmask=yes
-else
-    unset setjmp_sigmask
-fi
-AC_MSG_RESULT(${setjmp_prefix}setjmp)
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([RUBY_SETJMP(env)], [${setjmp_prefix}setjmp(env${setjmp_sigmask+,0})])
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([RUBY_LONGJMP(env,val)], [${setjmp_prefix}longjmp(env,val)])
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_JMP_BUF, ${setjmp_sigmask+${setjmp_prefix}}jmp_buf)
-
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(setreuid,
-       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-setreuid], [use setreuid()/setregid() according to need even if obsolete]),
-       [use_setreuid=$enableval])
-if test "$use_setreuid" = yes; then
-    AC_DEFINE(USE_SETREUID)
-    AC_DEFINE(USE_SETREGID)
-fi
-AC_STRUCT_TIMEZONE
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for struct tm.tm_gmtoff, rb_cv_member_struct_tm_tm_gmtoff,
-  [AC_TRY_COMPILE([#include <time.h>],
-    [struct tm t; t.tm_gmtoff = 3600;],
-  [rb_cv_member_struct_tm_tm_gmtoff=yes],
-  [rb_cv_member_struct_tm_tm_gmtoff=no])])
-if test "$rb_cv_member_struct_tm_tm_gmtoff" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_GMTOFF)
-fi
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for external int daylight, rb_cv_have_daylight,
-  [AC_TRY_LINK([#include <time.h>
-  int i;],
-	[i = daylight;],
-	rb_cv_have_daylight=yes,
-	rb_cv_have_daylight=no)])
-if test "$rb_cv_have_daylight" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_DAYLIGHT)
-fi
-AC_DEFUN([RUBY_CHECK_VARTYPE], [dnl
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([for external $1], AS_TR_SH(rb_cv_var_$1),
-  [AS_TR_SH(rb_cv_var_$1)=no
-  AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-#ifndef _XOPEN_SOURCE
-#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 1
-#endif
-$2
-;
-const volatile void *volatile t;],
-    [t = &(&$1)[0];],
-    [for t in $3; do
-      AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-#ifndef _XOPEN_SOURCE
-#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 1
-#endif
-$2
-;
-extern $t $1;
-const volatile void *volatile t;],
-        [t = &(&$1)[0];],
-        [AS_TR_SH(rb_cv_var_$1)=$t; break])
-    done])])
-if test "${AS_TR_SH(rb_cv_var_$1)}" != no; then
-  AC_DEFINE(AS_TR_CPP(HAVE_VAR_$1))
-  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(AS_TR_CPP(TYPEOF_VAR_$1), ${AS_TR_SH(rb_cv_var_$1)})
-fi])
-RUBY_CHECK_VARTYPE(timezone, [@%:@include <time.h>], [long int])
-RUBY_CHECK_VARTYPE(altzone, [@%:@include <time.h>], [long int])
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(timezone)
-if test "$ac_cv_func_timezone" = yes; then
-  AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether timezone requires zero arguments], rb_cv_func_timezone_void,
-    [AC_TRY_COMPILE([@%:@include <time.h>],
-      [(void)timezone(0, 0);],
-      [rb_cv_func_timezone_void=no],
-      [rb_cv_func_timezone_void=yes])]
-  )
-  if test $rb_cv_func_timezone_void = yes; then
-    AC_DEFINE(TIMEZONE_VOID)
-  fi
-fi
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for negative time_t for gmtime(3), rb_cv_negative_time_t,
-  [AC_TRY_RUN([
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <time.h>
-
-void
-check(tm, y, m, d, h, s)
-    struct tm *tm;
-    int y, m, d, h, s;
-{
-    if (!tm ||
-	tm->tm_year != y ||
-	tm->tm_mon  != m-1 ||
-	tm->tm_mday != d ||
-	tm->tm_hour != h ||
-	tm->tm_sec  != s) {
-	exit(1);
-    }
-}
-
-int
-main()
-{
-   time_t t = -1;
-   struct tm *tm;
-
-   check(gmtime(&t), 69, 12, 31, 23, 59);
-   t = ~(time_t)0 << 31;
-   check(gmtime(&t), 1, 12, 13, 20, 52);
-   return 0;
-}
-],
-	rb_cv_negative_time_t=yes,
-	rb_cv_negative_time_t=no,
-	rb_cv_negative_time_t=yes)])
-if test "$rb_cv_negative_time_t" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFINE(NEGATIVE_TIME_T)
-fi
-
-# [ruby-dev:40910] overflow of time on FreeBSD
-# http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=145341
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for localtime(3) overflow correctly, rb_cv_localtime_overflow,
-  [AC_TRY_RUN([
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <time.h>
-
-void
-check(time_t t1)
-{
-    struct tm *tm;
-    time_t t2;
-    tm = localtime(&t1);
-    if (!tm)
-	return; /* overflow detected.  ok. */
-    t2 = mktime(tm);
-    if (t1 == t2)
-        return; /* round-trip.  ok. */
-    exit(1);
-}
-
-int
-main()
-{
-    time_t t;
-    if (~(time_t)0 <= 0) {
-        t = (((time_t)1) << (sizeof(time_t) * 8 - 2));
-        t |= t - 1;
-    }
-    else {
-        t = ~(time_t)0;
-    }
-    check(t);
-    return 0;
-}
-],
-	rb_cv_localtime_overflow=yes,
-	rb_cv_localtime_overflow=no,
-	rb_cv_localtime_overflow=yes)])
-if test "$rb_cv_localtime_overflow" = no; then
-  AC_DEFINE(LOCALTIME_OVERFLOW_PROBLEM)
-fi
-
-if test "$ac_cv_func_sigprocmask" = yes && test "$ac_cv_func_sigaction" = yes; then
-   AC_DEFINE(POSIX_SIGNAL)
-else
-  AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sigsetmask)
-  AC_CACHE_CHECK(for BSD signal semantics, rb_cv_bsd_signal,
-    [AC_TRY_RUN([
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-
-void
-sig_handler(dummy)
-     int dummy;
-{
-}
-
-int
-main()
-{
-  signal(SIGINT, sig_handler);
-  kill(getpid(), SIGINT);
-  kill(getpid(), SIGINT);
-  return 0;
-}
-],
-	rb_cv_bsd_signal=yes,
-	rb_cv_bsd_signal=no,
-	rb_cv_bsd_signal=$ac_cv_func_sigsetmask)])
-  if test "$rb_cv_bsd_signal" = yes; then
-    AC_DEFINE(BSD_SIGNAL)
-  fi
-fi
-
-if test "$ac_cv_func_getpgid" = no; then
-AC_FUNC_GETPGRP
-fi
-if test "$ac_cv_func_setpgid:$ac_cv_func_setpgrp" = no:yes; then
-AC_FUNC_SETPGRP
-fi
-
-if test x"$target_cpu" = xia64; then
-    AC_LIBOBJ([ia64])
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK(for __libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base,
-                   rb_cv___libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base,
-    [rb_cv___libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base=no
-    AC_TRY_LINK(
-      [extern unsigned long __libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base;],
-      [unsigned long p = __libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base;
-       printf("%ld\n", p);],
-      [rb_cv___libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base=yes])])
-    if test $rb_cv___libc_ia64_register_backing_store_base = yes; then
-      AC_DEFINE(HAVE___LIBC_IA64_REGISTER_BACKING_STORE_BASE)
-    fi
-fi
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether right shift preserve sign bit, rb_cv_rshift_sign,
-    [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_BOOL_COMPILE_TRY([], [(-1==(-1>>1))])],
-	rb_cv_rshift_sign=yes,
-	rb_cv_rshift_sign=no)])
-if test "$rb_cv_rshift_sign" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFINE(RSHIFT(x,y), ((x)>>(int)(y)))
-else
-  AC_DEFINE(RSHIFT(x,y), (((x)<0) ? ~((~(x))>>(int)(y)) : (x)>>(int)(y)))
-fi
-
-test "$rb_cv_fcnt" = "not found" && rb_cv_fcnt="not found (OK if using GNU libc)"
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([read count field in FILE structures], rb_cv_fcnt,
-[rb_cv_fcnt="not found (OK if using GNU libc)"
-for fcnt in	dnl
-     _cnt	dnl
-     __cnt	dnl
-     _r		dnl
-     readCount	dnl
-     _rcount	dnl for emx0.9c
-; do
-    AC_TRY_COMPILE([#include <stdio.h>
-],
-	[FILE *f = stdin; f->$fcnt = 0;],
-	[rb_cv_fcnt="$fcnt"; break])
-done])
-AS_CASE("$rb_cv_fcnt",
-	["not found"*], [rb_cv_fcnt="not found"],
-	[AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(FILE_COUNT, $rb_cv_fcnt)])
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([read buffer ptr field in FILE structures], rb_cv_frptr,
-[for frptr in	dnl
-     _IO_read_ptr dnl
-     _ptr	dnl
-     __ptr	dnl
-     bufpos	dnl
-     _p	dnl
-     __bufpos	dnl
-; do
-    AC_TRY_COMPILE([#include <stdio.h>
-],
-	[FILE *f = stdin; char buf[256]; f->$frptr = buf;],
-	rb_cv_frptr="$frptr"; break,
-	rb_cv_frptr="not found")
-done])
-if test "$rb_cv_frptr" != "not found"; then
-  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(FILE_READPTR, $rb_cv_frptr)
-
-  if test "$rb_cv_fcnt" = "not found"; then
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK([read buffer end field in FILE structures], rb_cv_frend,
-    [for frend in	dnl
-         _IO_read_end	dnl
-         bufread 	dnl
-         __bufread 	dnl
-    ; do
-        AC_TRY_COMPILE([#include <stdio.h>
-    ],
-	[FILE *f = stdin; char buf[256]; f->$frend = buf;],
-	rb_cv_frend="$frend"; break,
-	rb_cv_frend="not found")
-    done])
-    if test "$rb_cv_frend" != "not found"; then
-      AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(FILE_READEND, $rb_cv_frend)
-    fi
-  fi
-fi
-
-RUBY_CHECK_SIZEOF([struct stat.st_ino], [long "long long"], [], [@%:@include <sys/stat.h>])
-
-if test "$ac_cv_func_sysconf" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFUN([RUBY_CHECK_SYSCONF], [dnl
-  AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether _SC_$1 is supported], rb_cv_have_sc_[]m4_tolower($1),
-    [AC_TRY_COMPILE([#include <unistd.h>
-      ],
-      [_SC_$1 >= 0],
-      rb_cv_have_sc_[]m4_tolower($1)=yes,
-      rb_cv_have_sc_[]m4_tolower($1)=no)
-    ])
-  if test "$rb_cv_have_sc_[]m4_tolower($1)" = yes; then
-    AC_DEFINE(HAVE__SC_$1)
-  fi
-  ])
-  RUBY_CHECK_SYSCONF(CLK_TCK)
-fi
-
-AC_DEFUN(RUBY_STACK_GROW_DIRECTION, [
-    AS_VAR_PUSHDEF([stack_grow_dir], [rb_cv_stack_grow_dir_$1])
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK(stack growing direction on $1, stack_grow_dir, [
-AS_CASE(["$1"],
-[m68*|x86*|x64|i?86|ia64|ppc*|sparc*|alpha*], [ $2=-1],
-[hppa*], [ $2=+1],
-[
-  AC_TRY_RUN([
-/* recurse to get rid of inlining */
-static int
-stack_growup_p(addr, n)
-    volatile int *addr, n;
-{
-    volatile int end;
-    if (n > 0)
-	return *addr = stack_growup_p(addr, n - 1);
-    else
-	return (&end > addr);
-}
-int main()
-{
-    int x;
-    return stack_growup_p(&x, 10);
-}
-], $2=-1, $2=+1, $2=0)
-  ])
-eval stack_grow_dir=\$$2])
-eval $2=\$stack_grow_dir
-AS_VAR_POPDEF([stack_grow_dir])])
-if test "${universal_binary-no}" = yes ; then
-    archflagpat=`eval echo '"'"${ARCH_FLAG}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g'`
-    save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" new_cflags=`echo "$CFLAGS" | sed "s|$archflagpat"'||'`
-    save_LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS" new_ldflags=`echo "$LDFLAGS" | sed "s|$archflagpat"'||'`
-    stack_dir=
-    for archs in ${universal_archnames}; do
-	archs=`echo $archs | sed 's/=.*//'`
-	CFLAGS="$new_cflags -arch $archs"
-	LDFLAGS="$new_ldflags -arch $archs"
-	RUBY_STACK_GROW_DIRECTION($archs, dir)
-	if test x$stack_dir = x; then
-	    stack_dir=$dir
-	elif test x$stack_dir != x$dir; then
-	    stack_dir=no
-	fi
-    done
-    CFLAGS="$save_CFLAGS" LDFLAGS="$save_LDFLAGS"
-    if test x$stack_dir = xno; then
-	for archs in ${universal_archnames}; do
-	    archs=`echo $archs | sed 's/=.*//'`
-	    eval dir=\$[rb_cv_stack_grow_dir_]AS_TR_SH([$archs])
-	    RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __${archs}__], STACK_GROW_DIRECTION, $dir)
-	done
-    else
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(STACK_GROW_DIRECTION, $stack_dir)
-    fi
-else
-    RUBY_STACK_GROW_DIRECTION($target_cpu, dir)
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(STACK_GROW_DIRECTION, $dir)
-fi
-
-if test x"$enable_pthread" = xyes; then
-    for pthread_lib in thr pthread pthreads c c_r root; do
-	AC_CHECK_LIB($pthread_lib, pthread_kill,
-		     rb_with_pthread=yes, rb_with_pthread=no)
-	if test "$rb_with_pthread" = "yes"; then break; fi
-    done
-    if test x"$rb_with_pthread" = xyes; then
-	AC_DEFINE(_REENTRANT)
-	AC_DEFINE(_THREAD_SAFE)
-	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBPTHREAD)
-	AC_CHECK_HEADERS(pthread_np.h, [], [], [@%:@include <pthread.h>])
-	AS_CASE([$pthread_lib],
-	[c],    [],
-	[root], [],
-	[c_r],  [MAINLIBS="-pthread $MAINLIBS"],
-	        [AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-		    [openbsd*], [LIBS="-pthread $LIBS"],
-		    [LIBS="-l$pthread_lib $LIBS"])])
-    else
-	AC_MSG_WARN("Don't know how to find pthread library on your system -- thread support disabled")
-    fi
-    AC_CHECK_FUNCS(sched_yield pthread_attr_setinheritsched \
-	pthread_getattr_np pthread_attr_get_np pthread_attr_getstack\
-	pthread_get_stackaddr_np pthread_get_stacksize_np \
-	thr_stksegment pthread_stackseg_np pthread_getthrds_np \
-	pthread_condattr_setclock pthread_sigmask)
-fi
-if test x"$ac_cv_header_ucontext_h" = xyes; then
-    if test x"$rb_with_pthread" = xyes; then
-	AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getcontext setcontext)
-    fi
-fi
-
-if test "$ac_cv_func_fork" = "yes" -a "$rb_with_pthread" = "yes"; then
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK([if fork works with pthread], rb_cv_fork_with_pthread,
-	[AC_TRY_RUN([
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <pthread.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#ifndef EXIT_SUCCESS
-#define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
-#endif
-#ifndef EXIT_FAILURE
-#define EXIT_FAILURE 1
-#endif
-
-void *
-thread_func(void *dmy)
-{
-    return dmy;
-}
-
-int
-use_threads(void)
-{
-    pthread_t tid;
-    if (pthread_create(&tid, 0, thread_func, 0) != 0) {
-	return -1;
-    }
-    if (pthread_join(tid, 0) != 0) {
-	return -1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int
-main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-    pid_t pid;
-    if (use_threads()) return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    pid = fork();
-
-    if (pid) {
-	int loc;
-	sleep(1);
-	if (waitpid(pid, &loc, WNOHANG) == 0) {
-	    kill(pid, SIGKILL);
-	    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-	}
-        if (!WIFEXITED(loc) || WEXITSTATUS(loc) != EXIT_SUCCESS)
-           return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
-    else {
-	if (use_threads()) return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
-
-    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
-}],
-	rb_cv_fork_with_pthread=yes,
-	rb_cv_fork_with_pthread=no,
-	rb_cv_fork_with_pthread=yes)])
-    test x$rb_cv_fork_with_pthread = xyes || AC_DEFINE(CANNOT_FORK_WITH_PTHREAD)
-fi
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-[freebsd*], [
-    AC_CHECK_HEADERS([/usr/local/include/execinfo.h])
-    if test "x$ac_cv_header__usr_local_include_execinfo_h" = xyes; then :
-	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CPPFLAGS, -I/usr/local/include)
-	LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS:+$LDFLAGS }-L/usr/local/lib"
-	DLDFLAGS="${DLDFLAGS:+$DLDFLAGS }-L/usr/local/lib"
-	AC_CHECK_LIB([execinfo], [backtrace])
-    fi])
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(backtrace)
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(valgrind,
-        AS_HELP_STRING([--without-valgrind],[disable valgrind memcheck support]),
-        [], with_valgrind=yes)
-AS_IF([test x$with_valgrind != xno],
-        [AC_CHECK_HEADERS(valgrind/memcheck.h)])
-
-dnl }
-dnl runtime section {
-
-dnl wheather use dln_a_out or not
-AC_ARG_WITH(dln-a-out,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-dln-a-out], [use dln_a_out if possible]),
-	[
-	AS_CASE([$withval],
-	[yes], [
-	    if test "$enable_shared" = yes; then
-		AC_MSG_ERROR(dln_a_out can not make shared library)
-	    fi
-	    with_dln_a_out=yes],
-	[
-	    with_dln_a_out=no])], [with_dln_a_out=no])
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether ELF binaries are produced, rb_cv_binary_elf,
-[AC_TRY_LINK([],[], [
-AS_CASE(["`head -1 conftest$EXEEXT | cat -e`"],
-['^?ELF'*], [rb_cv_binary_elf=yes], [rb_cv_binary_elf=no])],
-rb_cv_binary_elf=no)])
-
-if test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes; then
-  AC_DEFINE(USE_ELF)
-  if test "$with_dln_a_out" = yes; then
-    AC_MSG_ERROR(dln_a_out does not work with ELF)
-  fi
-  AC_LIBOBJ([addr2line])
-fi
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-[linux* | gnu* | k*bsd*-gnu | bsdi* | kopensolaris*-gnu], [
-    if test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = no; then
-	with_dln_a_out=yes
-    else
-	LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -rdynamic"
-    fi])
-LIBEXT=a
-
-AC_SUBST(DLDFLAGS)dnl
-AC_SUBST(ARCH_FLAG)dnl
-
-AC_SUBST(STATIC)dnl
-AC_SUBST(CCDLFLAGS)dnl
-AC_SUBST(LDSHARED)dnl
-AC_SUBST(LDSHAREDXX)dnl
-AC_SUBST(DLEXT)dnl
-AC_SUBST(DLEXT2)dnl
-AC_SUBST(LIBEXT)dnl
-
-STATIC=
-: ${PATHFLAG=''}
-
-if test "$with_dln_a_out" != yes; then
-  rb_cv_dlopen=unknown
-  AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether OS depend dynamic link works)
-  if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-    [nextstep*|openstep*|rhapsody*|darwin*], [
-      # The -fno-common is needed if we wish to embed the Ruby interpreter
-      # into a plugin module of some project (as opposed to embedding it
-      # within the project's application).  The -I/usr/local/include is
-      # needed because CPP as discovered by configure (cc -E -traditional)
-      # fails to consult /usr/local/include by default.  This causes
-      # mkmf.rb's have_header() to fail if the desired resource happens to be
-      # installed in the /usr/local tree.
-      RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CCDLFLAGS, -fno-common)],
-    [human*|bsdi*|beos*|haiku*|cygwin*|mingw*|aix*|interix*], [ ],
-    [
-      RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CCDLFLAGS, -fPIC)])
-  else
-    AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-	[hpux*],          [CCDLFLAGS="$CCDLFLAGS +Z"],
-	[solaris*|irix*], [CCDLFLAGS="$CCDLFLAGS -KPIC"],
-	[sunos*],         [CCDLFLAGS="$CCDLFLAGS -PIC"],
-	[esix*|uxpds*],   [CCDLFLAGS="$CCDLFLAGS -KPIC"],
-	                  [: ${CCDLFLAGS=""}])
-  fi
-
-
-  AC_ARG_ENABLE(rpath,
-       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-rpath], [embed run path into extension libraries.
-       enabled by default on ELF platforms]),
-       [enable_rpath=$enableval], [enable_rpath="$rb_cv_binary_elf"])
-  if test "$enable_rpath" = yes; then
-    RPATHFLAG=" ${linker_flag}-R%1\$-s"
-  fi
-
-  AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-	[hpux*], [	DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS -E"
-			: ${LDSHARED='ld -b'}
-			XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS -Wl,-E"
-			: ${LIBPATHENV=SHLIB_PATH}
-			if test "$rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld" = no; then
-			    RPATHFLAG=' +b %1$-s'
-			fi
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[solaris*], [ 	if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-			    : ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
-			    if test "$rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld" = yes; then
-				LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-E"
-			    fi
-			else
-			    : ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -G'}
-			fi
-			if test "$ac_cv_sizeof_voidp" = 8; then
-			    : ${LIBPATHENV=LD_LIBRARY_PATH_64}
-			fi
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[sunos*], [	: ${LDSHARED='ld -assert nodefinitions'}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[irix*], [	: ${LDSHARED='ld -shared'}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[sysv4*], [	: ${LDSHARED='ld -G'}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[nto-qnx*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[esix*|uxpds*], [ : ${LDSHARED="ld -G"}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[osf*], [	: ${LDSHARED="ld -shared -expect_unresolved \"*\""}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[bsdi3*], [	AS_CASE(["$CC"],
-			[*shlicc*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -r'}
-					rb_cv_dlopen=yes])],
-	[linux* | gnu* | k*bsd*-gnu | netbsd* | bsdi* | kopensolaris*-gnu], [
-			: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
-			if test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes; then
-			    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-export-dynamic"
-			fi
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[interix*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
-			XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS -Wl,-E"
-			LIBPATHFLAG=" -L%1\$-s"
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[freebsd*|dragonfly*], [
-			: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
-			if test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes; then
-			    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -rdynamic"
-			    DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-soname,$(.TARGET)'
-			else
-			  test "$GCC" = yes && test "$rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld" = yes || LDSHARED="ld -Bshareable"
-			fi
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[openbsd*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared ${CCDLFLAGS}'}
-			if test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes; then
-			    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-E"
-			fi
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[nextstep*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -r -nostdlib'}
-			LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -u libsys_s"
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[openstep*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -dynamic -bundle -undefined suppress'}
-			: ${LDFLAGS=""}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[rhapsody*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -dynamic -bundle -undefined suppress'}
-			: ${LDFLAGS=""}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[darwin*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -dynamic -bundle'}
-			: ${DLDFLAGS="${linker_flag}-undefined${linker_flag:+,}dynamic_lookup ${linker_flag}-multiply_defined${linker_flag:+,}suppress ${linker_flag}-flat_namespace"}
-			: ${LDFLAGS=""}
-			: ${LIBPATHENV=DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH}
-			# /usr/local/include is always searched for
-			# some reason, but /usr/local/lib is not.
-			hdr=`find /usr/local/include -name \*.h -type f | sed 's:^/usr/local/include/::;q'`
-			if test -n "$hdr" && $CC -E -include "$hdr" -xc /dev/null 2>/dev/null | fgrep -q "$hdr"; then
-			    $CC -print-search-dirs | grep -q '^libraries:.*:/usr/local/lib/*' ||
-			    echo " $LDFLAGS " | grep -q ' -L */usr/local/lib/* ' ||
-			    LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS:+$LDFLAGS }-L/usr/local/lib"
-			fi
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-        [aix*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC)'}
-			LDSHARED="$LDSHARED ${linker_flag}-G"
-			EXTDLDFLAGS='-e$(TARGET_ENTRY)'
-			XLDFLAGS="${linker_flag}"'-bE:$(ARCHFILE)'" ${linker_flag}-brtl"
-			XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS ${linker_flag}-blibpath:${prefix}/lib:${LIBPATH:-/usr/lib:/lib}"
-			: ${ARCHFILE="ruby.imp"}
-                        TRY_LINK='$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -oconftest $(INCFLAGS) -I$(hdrdir) $(CPPFLAGS)'
-                        TRY_LINK="$TRY_LINK"' $(CFLAGS) $(src) $(LIBPATH) $(LOCAL_LIBS) $(LIBS)'
-			: ${LIBPATHENV=SHLIB_PATH}
-			RPATHFLAG=" ${linker_flag}-blibpath:%1\$-s:${prefix}/lib:${LIBPATH:-/usr/lib:/lib}"
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[human*], [	: ${DLDFLAGS=''}
-			: ${LDSHARED=''}
-			: ${LDFLAGS=''}
-			: ${LINK_SO='ar cru $@ $(OBJS)'}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[beos*], [	AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"],
-			  [powerpc*], [
-			    : ${LDSHARED="ld -xms"}
-			    EXTDLDFLAGS='-export $(TARGET_ENTRY)'
-			    DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS -lbe -lroot glue-noinit.a init_term_dyn.o start_dyn.o"
-			    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -L/boot/home/config/lib -lbe -lroot"
-			    ],
-			  [i586*], [
-			    : ${LDSHARED="ld -shared"}
-			    DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS -L/boot/develop/lib/x86 -L/boot/home/config/lib \$(topdir)/_APP_ -lbe -lroot"
-			    LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -L/boot/develop/lib/x86 -L/boot/home/config/lib -lbe -lroot"
-			    ])
-			: ${LIBPATHENV=LIBRARY_PATH}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[haiku*], [	AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"],
-			  [powerpc*], [
-			    : ${LDSHARED="ld -xms"}
-			    EXTDLDFLAGS='-export $(TARGET_ENTRY)'
-			    DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS -lbe -lroot glue-noinit.a init_term_dyn.o start_dyn.o"
-                            ],
-			  [i586*], [
-			    : ${LDSHARED="ld -shared"}
-			    DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS -L/boot/develop/lib/x86 -lbe -lroot"
-			    ])
-			: ${LIBPATHENV=LIBRARY_PATH}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes ],
-	[nto-qnx*], [	DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS -L/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/lib"
-			: ${LDSHARED='ld -Bshareable -x'}
-			LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -L/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/lib"
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[cygwin*|mingw*], [
-			: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared $(if $(filter-out -g -g0,$(debugflags)),,-s)'}
-			XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS -Wl,--stack,0x00200000,--enable-auto-import"
-			DLDFLAGS="${DLDFLAGS} -Wl,--enable-auto-image-base,--enable-auto-import"
-			: ${LIBPATHENV=""}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[hiuxmpp], [	: ${LDSHARED='ld -r'}],
-	[atheos*], [	: ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
-			rb_cv_dlopen=yes],
-	[os2-emx*], [	LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Zomf"
-			],
-	[ 	: ${LDSHARED='ld'}])
-  AC_MSG_RESULT($rb_cv_dlopen)
-fi
-if test "${LDSHAREDXX}" = ""; then
-    AS_CASE(["${LDSHARED}"],
-	[*'$(CC)'*], [
-	    LDSHAREDXX=`echo "${LDSHARED}" | sed 's/\$(CC)/$(CXX)/'`
-	    ],
-	[*'${CC}'*], [
-	    LDSHAREDXX=`echo "${LDSHARED}" | sed 's/\${CC}/${CXX}/'`
-	    ],
-	[*$CC*], [
-	    LDSHAREDXX=`echo "${LDSHARED}" | sed "s|$CC|$CXX|"`
-	    ],
-	[ld" "*], [
-	    ])
-fi
-AS_CASE([${RPATHFLAG}],[*'%1$'*],[: ${LIBPATHFLAG=' -L%1$-s'}],[: ${LIBPATHFLAG=' -L%s'}])
-
-AC_SUBST(LINK_SO)
-AC_SUBST(LIBPATHFLAG)
-AC_SUBST(RPATHFLAG)
-AC_SUBST(LIBPATHENV, "${LIBPATHENV-LD_LIBRARY_PATH}")
-AC_SUBST(TRY_LINK)
-
-dln_a_out_works=no
-if test "$ac_cv_header_a_out_h" = yes; then
-  if test "$with_dln_a_out" = yes || test "$rb_cv_dlopen" = unknown; then
-    cat confdefs.h > config.h
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether matz's dln works, rb_cv_dln_a_out,
-    [AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-#define USE_DLN_A_OUT
-#include "dln.c"
-],
-	[],
-	rb_cv_dln_a_out=yes,
-	rb_cv_dln_a_out=no)])
-    if test "$rb_cv_dln_a_out" = yes; then
-      dln_a_out_works=yes
-      AC_DEFINE(USE_DLN_A_OUT)
-    fi
-  fi
-fi
-
-if test "$dln_a_out_works" = yes; then
-  if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-    STATIC=-static
-  else
-    STATIC=-Bstatic
-  fi
-  DLEXT=so
-  CCDLFLAGS=
-else
-  AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-    [hpux*], [
-	DLEXT=sl],
-    [nextstep*|openstep*|rhapsody*|darwin*], [
-	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(XLDFLAGS, [-Wl,-u,_objc_msgSend])
-	DLEXT=bundle],
-    [os2-emx*], [
-	LOAD_RELATIVE=1
-	DLEXT=dll],
-    [cygwin*|mingw*|*djgpp*], [
-	LOAD_RELATIVE=1
-	DLEXT=so],
-    [
-	DLEXT=so])
-fi
-if test "$rb_cv_dlopen:$load_relative" = yes:yes; then
-    AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dladdr)
-    if test "$ac_cv_func_dladdr" = yes; then
-	LOAD_RELATIVE=1
-    else
-	unset load_relative
-    fi
-fi
-
-len=2 # .rb
-n=`expr "$DLEXT"  : '.*'`; test "$n" -gt "$len" && len=$n
-n=`expr "$DLEXT2" : '.*'`; test "$n" -gt "$len" && len=$n
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DLEXT_MAXLEN, `expr $len + 1`)
-test ".$DLEXT"  = "." || AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DLEXT,  ".$DLEXT")
-test ".$DLEXT2" = "." || AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(DLEXT2, ".$DLEXT2")
-AC_SUBST(DLEXT)
-
-if test "$with_dln_a_out" = yes; then
-  STRIP=true
-else
-  AC_CHECK_TOOL(STRIP, strip, :)dnl
-fi
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-  [linux* | gnu* | k*bsd*-gnu | kopensolaris*-gnu], [
-	STRIP="$STRIP -S -x"],
-  [nextstep* | openstep* | rhapsody* | darwin*], [
-	STRIP="$STRIP -A -n"])
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(ext,
-            AC_HELP_STRING([--with-ext=EXTS],
-                           [pass to --with-ext option of extmk.rb]))
-AC_ARG_WITH(out-ext,
-            AC_HELP_STRING([--with-out-ext=EXTS],
-                           [pass to --without-ext option of extmk.rb]))
-EXTSTATIC=
-AC_SUBST(EXTSTATIC)dnl
-AC_ARG_WITH(static-linked-ext,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-static-linked-ext], [link external modules statically]),
-            [AS_CASE([$withval],[yes],[STATIC=;EXTSTATIC=static])])
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-  [human*], [
-    setup=Setup.x68
-    ],
-  dnl OS/2 environment w/ Autoconf 2.1x for EMX
-  [os2-emx], [
-    setup=Setup.emx
-    ],
-  [*djgpp*], [
-    setup=Setup.dj
-    ],
-  [
-    setup=Setup
-    ])
-
-AC_SUBST(setup)
-
-if test "$prefix" = NONE; then
-  prefix=$ac_default_prefix
-fi
-
-if test x"$cross_compiling" = xyes; then
-  test x"$MINIRUBY" = x && MINIRUBY="${RUBY-$BASERUBY} -I`pwd` "-r'$(arch)-fake'
-  XRUBY_LIBDIR=`${RUBY-$BASERUBY} -rrbconfig -e ['puts RbConfig::CONFIG["libdir"]']`
-  XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR=`${RUBY-$BASERUBY} -rrbconfig -e ['puts RbConfig::CONFIG["rubylibdir"]']`
-  XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR=`${RUBY-$BASERUBY} -rrbconfig -e ['puts RbConfig::CONFIG["rubyhdrdir"]']`
-  AC_SUBST(XRUBY_LIBDIR)
-  AC_SUBST(XRUBY_RUBYLIBDIR)
-  AC_SUBST(XRUBY_RUBYHDRDIR)
-  PREP='$(arch)-fake.rb'
-  RUNRUBY='$(MINIRUBY) -I`cd $(srcdir)/lib; pwd`'
-  XRUBY='$(MINIRUBY)'
-  TEST_RUNNABLE=no
-else
-  MINIRUBY='./miniruby$(EXEEXT) -I$(srcdir)/lib -I.'
-  MINIRUBY="$MINIRUBY"' -I$(EXTOUT)/common'
-  PREP='miniruby$(EXEEXT)'
-  RUNRUBY='$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/tool/runruby.rb --extout=$(EXTOUT)'
-  XRUBY='$(RUNRUBY)'
-  TEST_RUNNABLE=yes
-fi
-AC_SUBST(TEST_RUNNABLE)
-AC_SUBST(MINIRUBY)
-AC_SUBST(PREP)
-AC_SUBST(RUNRUBY)
-AC_SUBST(XRUBY)
-AC_SUBST(EXTOUT, [${EXTOUT=.ext}])
-
-FIRSTMAKEFILE=""
-LIBRUBY_A='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME)-static.a'
-LIBRUBY='$(LIBRUBY_A)'
-LIBRUBYARG_STATIC='-l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)-static'
-LIBRUBYARG='$(LIBRUBYARG_STATIC)'
-SOLIBS=
-
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-  [cygwin*|mingw*|beos*|haiku*|openstep*|nextstep*|rhapsody*|darwin*|os2-emx*], [
-    : ${DLDLIBS=""}
-    ],
-  [
-    DLDLIBS="$DLDLIBS -lc"
-    ])
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(soname,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-soname=SONAME], [base name of shared library]),
-	[RUBY_SO_NAME=$withval], [RUBY_SO_NAME='$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)'])
-
-LIBRUBY_LDSHARED=$LDSHARED
-LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS=$DLDFLAGS
-LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR).$(MINOR).$(TEENY)'
-LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so'
-ENABLE_SHARED=no
-
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(shared,
-       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-shared], [build a shared library for Ruby]),
-       [enable_shared=$enableval])
-libprefix='$(libdir)'
-LIBRUBY_RELATIVE=no
-AS_CASE("$enable_shared", [yes], [
-  LIBRUBY='$(LIBRUBY_SO)'
-  LIBRUBYARG_SHARED='-l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'
-  LIBRUBYARG='$(LIBRUBYARG_SHARED)'
-  test -z "$CCDLFLAGS" || CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $CCDLFLAGS"
-  ENABLE_SHARED=yes
-  if test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes; then
-    SOLIBS='$(LIBS)'
-  fi
-  # libdir can be overridden in config.site file (on OpenSUSE at least).
-  libdir_basename=lib
-  if test "$bindir" = '${exec_prefix}/bin'; then
-    AS_CASE(["$libdir"], ['${exec_prefix}/'*], [libdir_basename=`basename "$libdir"`])
-  fi
-  AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(LIBDIR_BASENAME, ["${libdir_basename}"])
-
-  AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-    [sunos4*], [
-	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR).$(MINOR) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so'
-	],
-    [linux* | gnu* | k*bsd*-gnu | atheos* | kopensolaris*-gnu], [
-	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS='-Wl,-soname,lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR).$(MINOR)'
-	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR).$(MINOR) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so'
-	if test "$load_relative" = yes; then
-	    LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS="'-Wl,-rpath,\$\${ORIGIN}/../${libdir_basename}'"
-	    LIBRUBY_RELATIVE=yes
-	fi
-	],
-    [freebsd*|dragonfly*], [
-	SOLIBS='$(LIBS)'
-	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)'
-	if test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" != "yes" ; then
-	    LIBRUBY_SO="$LIBRUBY_SO.\$(TEENY)"
-	    LIBRUBY_ALIASES=''
-	fi
-	],
-    [netbsd*], [
-	SOLIBS='$(LIBS)'
-	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR)$(MINOR).$(TEENY)'
-	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS='-Wl,-soname,lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)'
-	if test "$rb_cv_binary_elf" = yes; then # ELF platforms
-	   LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR)$(MINOR) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so'
-	else	# a.out platforms
-	   LIBRUBY_ALIASES=""
-	fi
-	],
-    [openbsd*], [
-	SOLIBS='$(LIBS)'
-	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR).'`expr ${MINOR} \* 10 + ${TEENY}`
-	],
-    [solaris*], [
-	SOLIBS='$(LIBS)'
-	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR)'
-	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so.$(MAJOR).$(MINOR).$(TEENY) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).so'
-	if test "$GCC" = yes; then
-	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-h,$(@F)'
-	else
-	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS "'-h $(@F)'
-	fi
-	XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS "'-R${libdir}'
-	],
-    [hpux*], [
-	XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS "'-Wl,+s,+b,$(libdir)'
-	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).sl.$(MAJOR).$(MINOR).$(TEENY)'
-	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).sl.$(MAJOR).$(MINOR) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).sl'
-	],
-    [aix*], [
-	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="${linker_flag}-bnoentry $XLDFLAGS"
-	LIBRUBYARG_SHARED='-L${libdir} -l${RUBY_SO_NAME}'
-	SOLIBS='-lm -lc'
-	],
-    [beos*], [
-	AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"],
-	[powerpc*], [
-	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS='-f ruby.exp -lnet -lbe -lroot glue-noinit.a init_term_dyn.o start_dyn.o'
-	    ])
-	],
-    [darwin*], [
-	RUBY_SO_NAME="$RUBY_SO_NAME"'.$(MAJOR).$(MINOR).$(TEENY)'
-	LIBRUBY_LDSHARED='$(CC) -dynamiclib'
-	if test "$load_relative" = yes; then
-	    libprefix="@executable_path/../${libdir_basename}"
-	    LIBRUBY_RELATIVE=yes
-	fi
-	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-install_name '${libprefix}'/$(LIBRUBY_SO)'
-	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-current_version $(MAJOR).$(MINOR).$(TEENY)'
-	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-compatibility_version $(ruby_version)'
-	if test "$visibility_option" = ld; then
-	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-unexported_symbol,_Init_*'
-	    LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "'-Wl,-unexported_symbol,*_threadptr_*'
-	fi
-	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS "' $(XLDFLAGS)'
-	LIBRUBY_SO='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).dylib'
-	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_BASE_NAME).$(MAJOR).$(MINOR).dylib lib$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).dylib'
-	],
-    [interix*], [
-	LIBRUBYARG_SHARED='-L. -L${libdir} -l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'
-	])
-], [
-  LIBRUBYARG_SHARED=
-])
-if test "$enable_rpath" = yes; then
-    test -z "$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS" || LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS "
-    LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS="$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS${linker_flag}-R ${linker_flag}${libprefix} -L\$(libdir)"
-    LIBRUBYARG_SHARED="$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS $LIBRUBYARG_SHARED"
-    LIBRUBYARG_STATIC="$LIBRUBY_RPATHFLAGS $LIBRUBYARG_STATIC"
-fi
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_RELATIVE)
-
-LDFLAGS="-L. $LDFLAGS"
-AC_SUBST(ARCHFILE)
-
-if test "$EXEEXT" = .exe; then
-    EXECUTABLE_EXTS='".exe",".com",".cmd",".bat"'
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(EXECUTABLE_EXTS, $EXECUTABLE_EXTS)
-    EXECUTABLE_EXTS=`echo $EXECUTABLE_EXTS | tr -d '"' | tr , ' '`
-    AC_SUBST(EXECUTABLE_EXTS)
-fi
-
-dnl }
-dnl build section {
-
-dnl build rdoc index if requested
-RDOCTARGET=""
-CAPITARGET=""
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(install-doc,
-       AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-install-doc], [do not install neither rdoc indexes nor C API documents during install]),
-       [install_doc=$enableval], [install_doc=yes])
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(install-rdoc,
-      AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-install-rdoc], [do not install rdoc indexes during install]),
-      [install_rdoc=$enableval], [install_rdoc=yes])
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(install-capi,
-      AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-install-capi], [do not install C API documents during install]),
-      [install_capi=$enableval], [install_capi=yes])
-
-if test "$install_doc" != no; then
-    if test "$install_rdoc" != no; then
-	RDOCTARGET="rdoc"
-    else
-	RDOCTARGET="nodoc"
-    fi
-    if test "$install_capi" != no -a -n "$DOXYGEN"; then
-	CAPITARGET="capi"
-    else
-	CAPITARGET="nodoc"
-    fi
-else
-    RDOCTARGET="nodoc"
-    CAPITARGET="nodoc"
-fi
-
-AC_SUBST(RDOCTARGET)
-AC_SUBST(CAPITARGET)
-
-AS_CASE(["$RDOCTARGET:$CAPITARGET"],[nodoc:nodoc],[INSTALLDOC=nodoc],[INSTALLDOC=all])
-AC_SUBST(INSTALLDOC)
-
-if test "$rb_with_pthread" = "yes"; then
-    THREAD_MODEL=pthread
-fi
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([for prefix of external symbols], rb_cv_symbol_prefix, [
-    AC_TRY_COMPILE([extern void conftest_external(void) {}], [], [
-	rb_cv_symbol_prefix=`$NM conftest.$ac_objext |
-			     sed -n ['/.*T[ 	]\([^ 	]*\)conftest_external.*/!d;s//\1/p;q']`
-	],
-	[rb_cv_symbol_prefix=''])
-    test -n "$rb_cv_symbol_prefix" || rb_cv_symbol_prefix=NONE
-])
-SYMBOL_PREFIX="$rb_cv_symbol_prefix"
-test "x$SYMBOL_PREFIX" = xNONE && SYMBOL_PREFIX=''
-MINIDLNOBJ=dmydln.o
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-    [linux*], [
-	],
-    [netbsd*], [
-	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CFLAGS, -pipe)
-	],
-    [nextstep*|openstep*], [
-	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CPPFLAGS, -I/usr/local/include)
-	],
-    [rhapsody*], [
-	RUBY_APPEND_OPTIONS(CFLAGS, -pipe -no-precomp)
-	],
-    [darwin*], [
-	RUBY_APPEND_OPTION(CFLAGS, -pipe)
-	],
-    [human*], [
-	AC_LIBOBJ([x68.o])
-	CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -fansi-only"
-	XCFLAGS="$XCFLAGS -cc1-stack=262144 -cpp-stack=2694144"
-	EXEEXT=.x
-	OBJEXT=o
-	],
-    [os2-emx], [
-	AC_LIBOBJ([os2])
-	CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -DOS2"
-	LIBRUBY_A=`echo $LIBRUBY_A | sed 's/^lib//'`
-	LIBRUBY_SO=`echo $LIBRUBY_SO | sed 's/^lib//'`
-	LIBRUBY_ALIASES=`for i in $LIBRUBY_ALIASES; do echo "$i"; done | sed 's/^lib//'`
-	],
-    [osf*], [
-	if test "$GCC" != "yes" ; then
-	  # compile something small: taint.c is fine for this.
-	  # the main point is the '-v' flag of 'cc'.
-	  AS_CASE(["`cc -v -I. -c main.c -o /tmp/main.o 2>&1`"],
-	  [*/gemc_cc*], [   # we have the new DEC GEM CC
-                        CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -oldc"
-                        ],
-          [            # we have the old MIPS CC
-                        ])
-	  # cleanup
-	  rm -f /tmp/main.o
-	  CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -std"
-	fi
-	],
-    [beos*], [
-	AS_CASE(["$target_cpu"],[powerpc*], [CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -relax_pointers"])
-	CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -I/boot/home/config/include"
-	],
-    [cygwin*|mingw*], [
-	RUBY_SO_NAME="${RUBY_SO_NAME}${MAJOR}${MINOR}${TEENY}"
-	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="${DLDFLAGS}"' -Wl,--out-implib=$(LIBRUBY)'
-	AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-	[cygwin*], [
-	    if test x"$enable_shared" = xyes; then
-		LIBRUBY_SO='cyg$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'.dll
-		LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="${LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS}"' $(RUBYDEF)'
-	    fi
-	    ],
-	[mingw*], [
-	    RUBY_SO_NAME="${rb_cv_msvcrt}-${RUBY_SO_NAME}"
-	    if test x"${target_cpu}" != xi386; then
-		RUBY_SO_NAME="${target_cpu}-${RUBY_SO_NAME}"
-	    fi
-	    if test x"$enable_shared" = xyes; then
-		LIBRUBY_SO='$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'.dll
-		LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="${LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS}"' $(RUBYDEF)'
-	    fi
-	    EXPORT_PREFIX=' '
-	    DLDFLAGS="${DLDFLAGS}"' $(DEFFILE)'
-	    AC_LIBOBJ([win32/win32])
-	    AC_LIBOBJ([win32/file])
-	    COMMON_LIBS=m
-#	    COMMON_MACROS="WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN="
-	    COMMON_HEADERS="winsock2.h windows.h"
-	    THREAD_MODEL=win32
-	    PLATFORM_DIR=win32
-	    ])
-	LIBRUBY_ALIASES=''
-	FIRSTMAKEFILE=GNUmakefile:cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
-	SOLIBS='$(LIBS)'
-	if test x"$enable_shared" = xyes; then
-	    LIBRUBY='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).dll.a'
-	else
-	    LIBRUBY_SO=dummy
-	    LIBRUBY='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).a'
-	    LIBRUBYARG='-l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)'
-	fi
-	],
-    [hpux*], [
-	AS_CASE(["$YACC"],[*yacc*], [
-	    XCFLAGS="$XCFLAGS -DYYMAXDEPTH=300"
-	    YACC="$YACC -Nl40000 -Nm40000"
-	])],
-    [*msdosdjgpp*], [
-	FIRSTMAKEFILE=GNUmakefile:djgpp/GNUmakefile.in
-	])
-MINIOBJS="$MINIDLNOBJ"
-
-AS_CASE(["$THREAD_MODEL"],
-[pthread], [AC_CHECK_HEADERS(pthread.h)],
-[win32],   [],
-[""],      [AC_MSG_ERROR(thread model is missing)],
-           [AC_MSG_ERROR(unknown thread model $THREAD_MODEL)])
-
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(debug-env,
-       AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-debug-env], [enable RUBY_DEBUG environment variable]),
-       [AC_DEFINE(RUBY_DEBUG_ENV)])
-
-AS_CASE(["$FIRSTMAKEFILE"], [*GNUmakefile:*], [gnumake=yes], [
-    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for if ${MAKE-make} is GNU make])
-    mkdir conftest.dir
-    echo "all:; @echo yes" > conftest.dir/GNUmakefile
-    echo "all:; @echo no" > conftest.dir/Makefile
-    gnumake=`(cd conftest.dir; ${MAKE-make})`
-    rm -fr conftest.dir
-    AS_CASE(["$gnumake"],
-    [*yes*], [
-	echo "include Makefile" > GNUmakefile
-	echo "-include uncommon.mk" >> GNUmakefile
-	gnumake=yes],
-    [
-	gnumake=no])
-    AC_MSG_RESULT($gnumake)
-])
-AS_IF([test "$gnumake" = yes], [ NULLCMD=: ], [
-    AC_MSG_CHECKING([for safe null command for ${MAKE-make}])
-    mkdir conftest.dir
-    echo 'A=1' > conftest.dir/Makefile
-    echo 'B=$(A:1=@:)' >> conftest.dir/Makefile
-    echo 'all:; $B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9' >> conftest.dir/Makefile
-    if (cd conftest.dir; ${MAKE-make} >/dev/null 2>/dev/null); then
-	NULLCMD=:
-    else
-	echo 'A=1' > conftest.dir/Makefile
-	echo 'B=$(A:1=@true)' >> conftest.dir/Makefile
-	echo 'all:; $B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9' >> conftest.dir/Makefile
-	if (cd conftest.dir; ${MAKE-make} >/dev/null 2>/dev/null); then
-	    NULLCMD=true
-	else
-	    AC_MSG_ERROR(no candidate for safe null command)
-	fi
-    fi
-    rm -fr conftest.dir
-    AC_MSG_RESULT($NULLCMD)
-])
-AC_SUBST(NULLCMD)
-
-if test "${universal_binary-no}" = yes ; then
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for architecture macros], rb_cv_architecture_macros, [
-    mv confdefs.h confdefs1.h
-    : > confdefs.h
-    AC_TRY_COMPILE([@%:@if defined __`echo ${universal_archnames} |
-    sed 's/=[^ ]*//g;s/ /__ || defined __/g'`__
-@%:@else
-@%:@error
->>>>>><<<<<<
-@%:@endif], [],
-[
-    rb_cv_architecture_macros=yes
-    mv -f confdefs1.h confdefs.h
-], [
-    rb_cv_architecture_macros=no
-    archflagpat=`eval echo '"'"${ARCH_FLAG}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g'`
-    new_cflags=`echo "$CFLAGS" | sed "s|$archflagpat"'||'`
-    for archs in ${universal_archnames}; do
-	cpu=${archs#*=}
-	archs=${archs%=*}
-	CFLAGS="$new_cflags -arch $archs"
-	archs="__${archs}__"
-	AC_MSG_CHECKING([for macro ${archs} on ${cpu}])
-	AC_TRY_COMPILE([@%:@ifndef ${archs}
-@%:@error
-@%:@endif], [], [AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])], [AC_MSG_RESULT([no])])
-    done
-    mv -f confdefs1.h confdefs.h
-    AC_MSG_ERROR([failed])
-    ])])
-fi
-
-CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS "'$(DEFS)'
-test -z "$CPPFLAGS" || CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS "; CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS"'${cppflags}'
-if test -n "${cflags+set}"; then
-    cflagspat=`eval echo '"'"${cflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^  */ /;s/^  *$/ /'`
-    CFLAGS=`echo " $CFLAGS " | sed "s|$cflagspat"'|${cflags}|;s/^ *//;s/ *$//'`
-fi
-if test -n "${cxxflags+set}"; then
-    cxxflagspat=`eval echo '"'"${cxxflags}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g;s/^  */ /;s/^  *$/ /'`
-    CXXFLAGS=`echo " $CXXFLAGS " | sed "s|$cxxflagspat"'|${cxxflags}|;s/^ *//;s/ *$//'`
-fi
-if test "${ARCH_FLAG}"; then
-    archflagpat=`eval echo '"'"${ARCH_FLAG}"'"' | sed 's/[[][|.*]]/\\&/g'`
-    CFLAGS=`echo "$CFLAGS" | sed "s| *$archflagpat"'||'`
-    CXXFLAGS=`echo "$CXXFLAGS" | sed "s| *$archflagpat"'||'`
-    LDFLAGS=`echo "$LDFLAGS" | sed "s| *$archflagpat"'||'`
-fi
-warnflags="$rb_cv_warnflags"
-AC_SUBST(cppflags, [])dnl
-AC_SUBST(cflags, ["$orig_cflags "'${optflags} ${debugflags} ${warnflags}'])dnl
-AC_SUBST(cxxflags, ["$orig_cxxflags "'${optflags} ${debugflags} ${warnflags}'])dnl
-AC_SUBST(optflags)dnl
-AC_SUBST(debugflags)dnl
-AC_SUBST(warnflags)dnl
-AC_SUBST(XCFLAGS)dnl
-AC_SUBST(XLDFLAGS)dnl
-AC_SUBST(EXTDLDFLAGS)dnl
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_LDSHARED)
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS)
-AC_SUBST(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)
-AC_SUBST(rubyw_install_name)
-AC_SUBST(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME)
-AC_SUBST(RUBY_SO_NAME)
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_A)
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_SO)
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_ALIASES)
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY)
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBYARG)
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBYARG_STATIC)
-AC_SUBST(LIBRUBYARG_SHARED)
-AC_SUBST(SOLIBS)
-AC_SUBST(DLDLIBS)
-AC_SUBST(ENABLE_SHARED)
-AC_SUBST(MAINLIBS)
-AC_SUBST(COMMON_LIBS)
-AC_SUBST(COMMON_MACROS)
-AC_SUBST(COMMON_HEADERS)
-AC_SUBST(EXPORT_PREFIX)
-AC_SUBST(SYMBOL_PREFIX)
-AC_SUBST(MINIOBJS)
-AC_SUBST(THREAD_MODEL)
-AC_SUBST(PLATFORM_DIR)
-
-MAKEFILES="Makefile `echo $FIRSTMAKEFILE | sed 's/:.*//'`"
-MAKEFILES="`echo $MAKEFILES`"
-AC_SUBST(MAKEFILES)
-
-ri_prefix=
-test "$program_prefix" != NONE &&
-  ri_prefix=$program_prefix
-
-ri_suffix=
-test "$program_suffix" != NONE &&
-  ri_suffix=$program_suffix
-
-RUBY_INSTALL_NAME="${ri_prefix}"'$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)'"${ri_suffix}"
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],
-  [cygwin*|mingw*], [
-    RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME="${ri_prefix}"'$(RUBYW_BASE_NAME)'"${ri_suffix}"
-    rubyw_install_name='$(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME)'
-    ])
-
-rubylibprefix='${libdir}/${RUBY_BASE_NAME}'
-AC_ARG_WITH(rubylibprefix,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rubylibprefix=DIR], [prefix for ruby libraries [[LIBDIR/RUBY_BASE_NAME]]]),
-	    [if test "x$withval" = xno; then
-		AC_MSG_ERROR([No ruby, No libprefix])
-	    fi
-	    rubylibprefix="$withval"])
-RUBY_LIB_PREFIX=`eval echo \\"${rubylibprefix}\\"`
-AC_SUBST(rubylibprefix)
-
-RI_BASE_NAME=`echo ${RUBY_BASE_NAME} | sed 's/ruby/ri/'`
-ridir='${datarootdir}/${RI_BASE_NAME}'
-AC_ARG_WITH(ridir,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-ridir=DIR], [ri documentation [[DATAROOTDIR/ri]]]),
-	    [ridir=$withval])
-RIDIR=`eval echo \\"${ridir}\\"`
-AC_SUBST(ridir)
-AC_SUBST(RI_BASE_NAME)
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(ruby-version,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-ruby-version=STR], [ruby version string for version specific directories [[full]] (full|minor|STR)]),
-            [ruby_version=$withval],
-            [ruby_version=full])
-unset RUBY_LIB_VERSION
-unset RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE
-AS_CASE(["$ruby_version"],
-  [full],  [RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE='3	/* full */'],
-  [minor], [RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE='2	/* minor */'])
-if test ${RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE+set}; then
-    {
-    echo "#define RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE $RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE"
-    echo '#define STRINGIZE(x) x'
-    test -f revision.h -o -f "${srcdir}/revision.h" || echo '#define RUBY_REVISION 0'
-    echo '#include "version.h"'
-    echo 'ruby_version=RUBY_LIB_VERSION'
-    } > conftest.c
-    ruby_version="`$CPP -I"${srcdir}" -I"${srcdir}/include" conftest.c | sed '/^ruby_version=/!d;s/ //g'`"
-    eval $ruby_version
-else
-    RUBY_LIB_VERSION="\"${ruby_version}\""
-fi
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(sitedir,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-sitedir=DIR], [site libraries in DIR [[RUBY_LIB_PREFIX/site_ruby]]]),
-            [sitedir=$withval],
-            [sitedir='${rubylibprefix}/site_ruby'])
-dir="${sitedir}"
-until SITE_DIR=`eval echo \\"${dir}\\"`; test "x${dir}" = "x${SITE_DIR}"; do
-    dir="${SITE_DIR}"
-done
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(vendordir,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-vendordir=DIR], [vendor libraries in DIR [[RUBY_LIB_PREFIX/vendor_ruby]]]),
-            [vendordir=$withval],
-            [vendordir='${rubylibprefix}/vendor_ruby'])
-dir="${vendordir}"
-until VENDOR_DIR=`eval echo \\"${dir}\\"`; test "x${dir}" = "x${VENDOR_DIR}"; do
-    dir="${VENDOR_DIR}"
-done
-
-if test "${LOAD_RELATIVE+set}"; then
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(LOAD_RELATIVE, $LOAD_RELATIVE)
-    RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX=""
-    RUBY_LIB_PREFIX="`eval echo "$RUBY_LIB_PREFIX" | sed 's|^NONE/|/|;s|^'"$prefix"'/|/|'`"
-    RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH="`eval echo "$SITE_DIR" | sed 's|^NONE/|/|;s|^'"$prefix"'/|/|'`"
-    RUBY_VENDOR_LIB_PATH="`eval echo "$VENDOR_DIR" | sed 's|^NONE/|/|;s|^'"$prefix"'/|/|'`"
-else
-    RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX="`eval echo \\"$exec_prefix/\\" | sed 's|^NONE/|'"$prefix"'/|;s|/$||'`"
-    RUBY_LIB_PREFIX="`eval echo \\"$RUBY_LIB_PREFIX\\" | sed 's|^NONE/|'"$prefix"'/|'`"
-    RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH="`eval echo \\"$SITE_DIR\\" | sed 's|^NONE/|'"$prefix"'/|'`"
-    RUBY_VENDOR_LIB_PATH="`eval echo \\"$VENDOR_DIR\\" | sed 's|^NONE/|'"$prefix"'/|'`"
-fi
-
-pat=`echo "$RUBY_LIB_PREFIX/" | tr -c '\012' .`'\(.*\)'
-AS_CASE(["$RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH"],
-  ["$RUBY_LIB_PREFIX/"*], [
-    RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH='RUBY_LIB_PREFIX"/'"`expr \"$RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH\" : \"$pat\"`"'"'
-    ],
-  [
-    RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH="\"${RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH}\""
-    ])
-AS_CASE(["$RUBY_VENDOR_LIB_PATH"],
-  ["$RUBY_LIB_PREFIX/"*], [
-    RUBY_VENDOR_LIB_PATH='RUBY_LIB_PREFIX"/'"`expr \"$RUBY_VENDOR_LIB_PATH\" : \"$pat\"`"'"'
-    ],
-  [
-    RUBY_VENDOR_LIB_PATH="\"${RUBY_VENDOR_LIB_PATH}\""
-    ])
-pat=`echo "$RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX/" | tr -c '\012' .`'\(.*\)'
-AS_CASE(["$RUBY_LIB_PREFIX"],
-  ["$RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX/"*], [
-    RUBY_LIB_PREFIX='RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX"/'"`expr \"$RUBY_LIB_PREFIX\" : \"$pat\"`"'"'
-    ],
-  [
-    RUBY_LIB_PREFIX="\"${RUBY_LIB_PREFIX}\""
-    ])
-
-if test ${RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE+set}; then
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE, $RUBY_LIB_VERSION_STYLE)
-else
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_LIB_VERSION, [$RUBY_LIB_VERSION])
-fi
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX, "${RUBY_EXEC_PREFIX}")
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_LIB_PREFIX, ${RUBY_LIB_PREFIX})
-if test "x$SITE_DIR" = xno; then
-    AC_DEFINE(NO_RUBY_SITE_LIB)
-else
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_SITE_LIB, ${RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH})
-fi
-if test "x$VENDOR_DIR" = xno; then
-    AC_DEFINE(NO_RUBY_VENDOR_LIB)
-else
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_VENDOR_LIB, ${RUBY_VENDOR_LIB_PATH})
-fi
-
-AC_SUBST(arch)dnl
-AC_SUBST(sitearch)dnl
-AC_SUBST(ruby_version)dnl
-AC_SUBST(sitedir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(vendordir)dnl
-
-configure_args=$ac_configure_args
-AC_SUBST(configure_args)dnl
-
-if test "${universal_binary-no}" = yes ; then
-    arch="universal-${target_os}"
-    AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether __ARCHITECTURE__ is available, rb_cv_architecture_available,
-	AC_TRY_COMPILE([const char arch[] = __ARCHITECTURE__;], [puts(arch);],
-	     [rb_cv_architecture_available=yes], [rb_cv_architecture_available=no]))
-    if test "${rb_cv_architecture_available}" = yes; then
-	AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_PLATFORM_CPU, __ARCHITECTURE__)
-    else
-	for archs in ${universal_archnames}; do
-	    cpu=`echo $archs | sed 's/.*=//'`
-	    archs=`echo $archs | sed 's/=.*//'`
-	    RUBY_DEFINE_IF([defined __${archs}__], RUBY_PLATFORM_CPU, ["${cpu}"])
-	done
-    fi
-    ints='long int'
-    test "$ac_cv_type_long_long" = yes && ints="'long long' $ints"
-    AC_SUBST(UNIVERSAL_ARCHNAMES, "${universal_archnames}")
-    AC_SUBST(UNIVERSAL_INTS, "${ints}")
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_PLATFORM_OS, "${target_os}")
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_ARCH, "universal-"RUBY_PLATFORM_OS)
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_PLATFORM, "universal."RUBY_PLATFORM_CPU"-"RUBY_PLATFORM_OS)
-else
-    arch="${target_cpu}-${target_os}"
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_PLATFORM, "${arch}")
-fi
-
-unset sitearch
-AS_CASE(["$target_os"],[mingw*],[sitearch="$target_cpu-$rb_cv_msvcrt"])
-test ${sitearch+set} && AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_SITEARCH, "${sitearch}")
-: ${sitearch='${arch}'}
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(search-path,
-		AS_HELP_STRING([--with-search-path=DIR], [specify the additional search path]),
-		[search_path=$withval])
-if test "$search_path" != ""; then
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_SEARCH_PATH,"$search_path")
-fi
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(rubyhdrdir,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-rubyhdrdir=DIR], [core headers in DIR [[INCLUDEDIR/RUBY_BASE_NAME-RUBY_VERSION]]]),
-	    [rubyhdrdir=$withval],
-	    [rubyhdrdir='${includedir}/${RUBY_BASE_NAME}-${ruby_version}'])
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(sitehdrdir,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-sitehdrdir=DIR], [core site headers in DIR [[RUBYHDRDIR/site_ruby]]]),
-	    [sitehdrdir=$withval],
-	    [sitehdrdir='${rubyhdrdir}/site_ruby'])
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(vendorhdrdir,
-	    AS_HELP_STRING([--with-vendorhdrdir=DIR], [core vendor headers in DIR [[RUBYHDRDIR/vendor_ruby]]]),
-	    [vendorhdrdir=$withval],
-	    [vendorhdrdir='${rubyhdrdir}/vendor_ruby'])
-
-AC_SUBST(rubyhdrdir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(sitehdrdir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(vendorhdrdir)dnl
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(opt-dir,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-opt-dir=DIR-LIST],
-		       [add optional headers and libraries directories separated by $PATH_SEPARATOR]),
-	[
-		CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS `echo \"$PATH_SEPARATOR$withval\" | sed \"s|$PATH_SEPARATOR\([[^$PATH_SEPARATOR]*]\)| -I\1/include|g;s/^ //\"`"
-		set -x
-		val=`IFS="$PATH_SEPARATOR"
-		    for dir in $withval; do
-			echo x ${LIBPATHFLAG} ${RPATHFLAG} |
-			sed -E 's/^x *//;s'"${PATH_SEPARATOR}"'%1\\$-s|%s'"${IFS}${dir}/lib${IFS}g"
-		    done | tr '\012' ' '`
-		set +x
-		LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS${LDFLAGS:+ }$val"
-		DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS${DLDFLAGS:+ }$val"
-	])
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(mantype,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--with-mantype=TYPE], [specify man page type; TYPE is one of man and doc]),
-		[
-			AS_CASE(["$withval"],
-			[man|doc], [MANTYPE=$withval],
-			[AC_MSG_ERROR(invalid man type: $withval)])
-		])
-if test -z "$MANTYPE"; then
-	AC_PATH_PROGS(NROFF, nroff awf, /bin/false, "/usr/bin:/usr/ucb")
-	if ${NROFF} -mdoc ${srcdir}/man/ruby.1 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-		MANTYPE=doc
-	else
-		MANTYPE=man
-	fi
-fi
-AC_SUBST(MANTYPE)
-
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(rubygems,
-	AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-rubygems], [disable rubygems by default]),
-	[enable_rubygems="$enableval"], [enable_rubygems=yes])
-if test x"$enable_rubygems" = xno; then
-    AC_DEFINE(DISABLE_RUBYGEMS, 1)
-    USE_RUBYGEMS=NO
-else
-    USE_RUBYGEMS=YES
-fi
-AC_SUBST(USE_RUBYGEMS)
-
-arch_hdrdir="${EXTOUT}/include/${arch}/ruby"
-AS_MKDIR_P("${arch_hdrdir}")
-config_h="${arch_hdrdir}/config.h"
-guard=INCLUDE_RUBY_CONFIG_H
-{
-  echo "#ifndef $guard"
-  echo "#define $guard 1"
-  grep -v "^#define PACKAGE_" confdefs.h
-  echo "#endif /* $guard */"
-} | tr -d '\015' |
-${srcdir}/tool/ifchange "${config_h}" -
-tr -d '\015' < largefile.h > confdefs.h
-rm largefile.h
-
-BUILTIN_ENCS=["`sed -n -e '/^BUILTIN_ENCS[ 	]*=/{' \
-	-e s/// -e :l -e '/\\\\$/N' -e 's/\\\\\\n/ /' -e 't l' -e p \
-	-e '}' "${srcdir}/enc/Makefile.in"`"]
-BUILTIN_ENCOBJS=
-for e in $BUILTIN_ENCS; do BUILTIN_ENCOBJS="$BUILTIN_ENCOBJS `basename $e .c`"'.$(OBJEXT)'; done
-AC_SUBST(BUILTIN_ENCOBJS)
-
-BUILTIN_TRANSES=["`sed -n -e '/^BUILTIN_TRANSES[ 	]*=/{' \
-	-e s/// -e :l -e '/\\\\$/N' -e 's/\\\\\\n/ /' -e 't l' -e p \
-	-e '}' "${srcdir}/enc/Makefile.in"`"]
-BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS=
-BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS=
-for e in $BUILTIN_TRANSES; do
-  BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS="$BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS `basename $e .trans`"'.c';
-  BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS="$BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS `basename $e .trans`"'.$(OBJEXT)';
-done
-AC_SUBST(BUILTIN_TRANSSRCS)
-AC_SUBST(BUILTIN_TRANSOBJS)
-
-PACKAGE=$RUBY_BASE_NAME
-AC_SUBST(PACKAGE)
-AC_MSG_RESULT($PACKAGE library version = $ruby_version)
-
-AS_CASE([" $CPP "], [*" $CC "*], [CPP=`echo " $CPP " | sed "s| $CC |"' $(CC) |;s/^ *//;s/  *$//'`])
-
-AC_CONFIG_FILES($FIRSTMAKEFILE)
-AC_CONFIG_FILES(Makefile, [{
-	if test -d "$srcdir/.svn"; then
-	    VCS='svn'
-	    VCSUP='$(VCS) up $(SVNUPOPTIONS)'
-	elif test -d "$srcdir/.git/svn"; then
-	    VCS='git svn'
-	    VCSUP='$(VCS) rebase $(GITSVNREBASEOPTIONS)'
-	elif test -d "$srcdir/.git"; then
-	    VCS='git'
-	    VCSUP='$(VCS) pull $(GITPULLOPTIONS)'
-	else
-	    VCS='echo cannot'
-	    VCSUP='$(VCS)'
-	fi
-	sed '/^MISSING/s/\$U\././g;/^VCS *=/s#@VCS@#'"$VCS"'#;/^VCSUP *=/s#@VCSUP@#'"$VCSUP"'#' Makefile
-	echo; test x"$EXEEXT" = x || echo 'miniruby: miniruby$(EXEEXT)'
-	if test "$gnumake" != yes; then
-	    echo ['$(MKFILES): $(srcdir)/common.mk']
-	    sed ['s/{\$([^(){}]*)[^{}]*}//g'] ${srcdir}/common.mk
-	else
-	    echo 'distclean-local::; @$(RM) GNUmakefile uncommon.mk'
-	fi
-    } > confmk$$.tmp && mv -f confmk$$.tmp Makefile &&
-    {
-	grep '^ruby:' Makefile > /dev/null ||
-	${MAKE-make} info-program | grep '^PROGRAM=ruby$' > /dev/null ||
-	echo 'ruby: $(PROGRAM);' >> Makefile
-    }],
-[EXEEXT='$EXEEXT' gnumake='$gnumake'])
-
-AC_ARG_WITH([ruby-pc],
-	    AC_HELP_STRING([pc file basename]),
-	    [ruby_pc="$withval"],
-	    [ruby_pc="${RUBY_BASE_NAME}-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.pc"])
-AC_SUBST(ruby_pc)
-AC_SUBST(exec, [exec])
-
-AC_CONFIG_FILES($ruby_pc:template/ruby.pc.in,
-    [
-    if sed ['s/\$(\([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*\))/${\1}/g;s/@[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*@//'] $ruby_pc > ruby.tmp.pc &&
-	{
-	    test -z "$PKG_CONFIG" ||
-	    PKG_CONFIG_PATH=. $PKG_CONFIG --print-errors ruby.tmp
-	}
-    then
-	mv -f ruby.tmp.pc $ruby_pc
-    else
-	exit 1
-    fi
-    ],
-    [ruby_pc='$ruby_pc' PKG_CONFIG='$PKG_CONFIG'])
-
-AC_OUTPUT
-dnl }
-dnl }
diff --git a/constant.h b/constant.h
index 8232910737..e0d36909e1 100644
--- a/constant.h
+++ b/constant.h
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#ifndef CONSTANT_H
+#define CONSTANT_H
 /**********************************************************************
 
   constant.h -
@@ -8,27 +10,46 @@
   Copyright (C) 2009 Yusuke Endoh
 
 **********************************************************************/
-#ifndef CONSTANT_H
-#define CONSTANT_H
+#include "ruby/ruby.h"
+#include "id_table.h"
 
 typedef enum {
+    CONST_DEPRECATED = 0x100,
+
+    CONST_VISIBILITY_MASK = 0xff,
     CONST_PUBLIC    = 0x00,
-    CONST_PRIVATE   = 0x01
+    CONST_PRIVATE,
+    CONST_VISIBILITY_MAX
 } rb_const_flag_t;
 
+#define RB_CONST_PRIVATE_P(ce) \
+    (((ce)->flag & CONST_VISIBILITY_MASK) == CONST_PRIVATE)
+#define RB_CONST_PUBLIC_P(ce) \
+    (((ce)->flag & CONST_VISIBILITY_MASK) == CONST_PUBLIC)
+
+#define RB_CONST_DEPRECATED_P(ce) \
+    ((ce)->flag & CONST_DEPRECATED)
+
 typedef struct rb_const_entry_struct {
     rb_const_flag_t flag;
+    int line;
     VALUE value;            /* should be mark */
+    VALUE file;             /* should be mark */
 } rb_const_entry_t;
 
-VALUE rb_mod_private_constant(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
-VALUE rb_mod_public_constant(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
-void rb_free_const_table(st_table *tbl);
-VALUE rb_public_const_get(VALUE klass, ID id);
+VALUE rb_mod_private_constant(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
+VALUE rb_mod_public_constant(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
+VALUE rb_mod_deprecate_constant(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
+void rb_free_const_table(struct rb_id_table *tbl);
+VALUE rb_const_source_location(VALUE, ID);
+
+MJIT_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
+int rb_autoloading_value(VALUE mod, ID id, VALUE *value, rb_const_flag_t *flag);
+rb_const_entry_t *rb_const_lookup(VALUE klass, ID id);
 VALUE rb_public_const_get_at(VALUE klass, ID id);
 VALUE rb_public_const_get_from(VALUE klass, ID id);
-int rb_public_const_defined(VALUE klass, ID id);
-int rb_public_const_defined_at(VALUE klass, ID id);
 int rb_public_const_defined_from(VALUE klass, ID id);
+VALUE rb_const_source_location_at(VALUE, ID);
+MJIT_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
 
 #endif /* CONSTANT_H */
diff --git a/cont.c b/cont.c
index 1e42974145..a7103a087e 100644
--- a/cont.c
+++ b/cont.c
@@ -9,225 +9,947 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#include "ruby/ruby.h"
-#include "internal.h"
-#include "vm_core.h"
-#include "gc.h"
-#include "eval_intern.h"
-
-#if ((defined(_WIN32) && _WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0400) || (defined(HAVE_GETCONTEXT) && defined(HAVE_SETCONTEXT))) && !defined(__NetBSD__) && !defined(sun) && !defined(FIBER_USE_NATIVE)
-#define FIBER_USE_NATIVE 1
-
-/* FIBER_USE_NATIVE enables Fiber performance improvement using system
- * dependent method such as make/setcontext on POSIX system or
- * CreateFiber() API on Windows.
- * This hack make Fiber context switch faster (x2 or more).
- * However, it decrease maximum number of Fiber.  For example, on the
- * 32bit POSIX OS, ten or twenty thousands Fiber can be created.
- *
- * Details is reported in the paper "A Fast Fiber Implementation for Ruby 1.9"
- * in Proc. of 51th Programming Symposium, pp.21--28 (2010) (in Japanese).
- */
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
 
-/* On our experience, NetBSD doesn't support using setcontext() and pthread
- * simultaneously.  This is because pthread_self(), TLS and other information
- * are represented by stack pointer (higher bits of stack pointer).
- * TODO: check such constraint on configure.
- */
-#elif !defined(FIBER_USE_NATIVE)
-#define FIBER_USE_NATIVE 0
-#endif
-
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE
 #ifndef _WIN32
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <ucontext.h>
 #endif
+
+#include COROUTINE_H
+
+#include "eval_intern.h"
+#include "gc.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/cont.h"
+#include "internal/proc.h"
+#include "internal/warnings.h"
+#include "internal/scheduler.h"
+#include "mjit.h"
+#include "vm_core.h"
+#include "id_table.h"
+#include "ractor_core.h"
+
+static const int DEBUG = 0;
+
 #define RB_PAGE_SIZE (pagesize)
 #define RB_PAGE_MASK (~(RB_PAGE_SIZE - 1))
 static long pagesize;
-#define FIBER_MACHINE_STACK_ALLOCATION_SIZE  (0x10000)
+
+static const rb_data_type_t cont_data_type, fiber_data_type;
+static VALUE rb_cContinuation;
+static VALUE rb_cFiber;
+static VALUE rb_eFiberError;
+#ifdef RB_EXPERIMENTAL_FIBER_POOL
+static VALUE rb_cFiberPool;
 #endif
 
 #define CAPTURE_JUST_VALID_VM_STACK 1
 
+// Defined in `coroutine/$arch/Context.h`:
+#ifdef COROUTINE_LIMITED_ADDRESS_SPACE
+#define FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+#define FIBER_POOL_INITIAL_SIZE 8
+#define FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_MAXIMUM_SIZE 32
+#else
+#define FIBER_POOL_INITIAL_SIZE 32
+#define FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_MAXIMUM_SIZE 1024
+#endif
+
 enum context_type {
     CONTINUATION_CONTEXT = 0,
-    FIBER_CONTEXT = 1,
-    ROOT_FIBER_CONTEXT = 2
+    FIBER_CONTEXT = 1
+};
+
+struct cont_saved_vm_stack {
+    VALUE *ptr;
+#ifdef CAPTURE_JUST_VALID_VM_STACK
+    size_t slen;  /* length of stack (head of ec->vm_stack) */
+    size_t clen;  /* length of control frames (tail of ec->vm_stack) */
+#endif
+};
+
+struct fiber_pool;
+
+// Represents a single stack.
+struct fiber_pool_stack {
+    // A pointer to the memory allocation (lowest address) for the stack.
+    void * base;
+
+    // The current stack pointer, taking into account the direction of the stack.
+    void * current;
+
+    // The size of the stack excluding any guard pages.
+    size_t size;
+
+    // The available stack capacity w.r.t. the current stack offset.
+    size_t available;
+
+    // The pool this stack should be allocated from.
+    struct fiber_pool * pool;
+
+    // If the stack is allocated, the allocation it came from.
+    struct fiber_pool_allocation * allocation;
+};
+
+// A linked list of vacant (unused) stacks.
+// This structure is stored in the first page of a stack if it is not in use.
+// @sa fiber_pool_vacancy_pointer
+struct fiber_pool_vacancy {
+    // Details about the vacant stack:
+    struct fiber_pool_stack stack;
+
+    // The vacancy linked list.
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * previous;
+#endif
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * next;
+};
+
+// Manages singly linked list of mapped regions of memory which contains 1 more more stack:
+//
+// base = +-------------------------------+-----------------------+  +
+//        |VM Stack       |VM Stack       |                       |  |
+//        |               |               |                       |  |
+//        |               |               |                       |  |
+//        +-------------------------------+                       |  |
+//        |Machine Stack  |Machine Stack  |                       |  |
+//        |               |               |                       |  |
+//        |               |               |                       |  |
+//        |               |               | .  .  .  .            |  |  size
+//        |               |               |                       |  |
+//        |               |               |                       |  |
+//        |               |               |                       |  |
+//        |               |               |                       |  |
+//        |               |               |                       |  |
+//        +-------------------------------+                       |  |
+//        |Guard Page     |Guard Page     |                       |  |
+//        +-------------------------------+-----------------------+  v
+//
+//        +------------------------------------------------------->
+//
+//                                  count
+//
+struct fiber_pool_allocation {
+    // A pointer to the memory mapped region.
+    void * base;
+
+    // The size of the individual stacks.
+    size_t size;
+
+    // The stride of individual stacks (including any guard pages or other accounting details).
+    size_t stride;
+
+    // The number of stacks that were allocated.
+    size_t count;
+
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+    // The number of stacks used in this allocation.
+    size_t used;
+#endif
+
+    struct fiber_pool * pool;
+
+    // The allocation linked list.
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+    struct fiber_pool_allocation * previous;
+#endif
+    struct fiber_pool_allocation * next;
+};
+
+// A fiber pool manages vacant stacks to reduce the overhead of creating fibers.
+struct fiber_pool {
+    // A singly-linked list of allocations which contain 1 or more stacks each.
+    struct fiber_pool_allocation * allocations;
+
+    // Provides O(1) stack "allocation":
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancies;
+
+    // The size of the stack allocations (excluding any guard page).
+    size_t size;
+
+    // The total number of stacks that have been allocated in this pool.
+    size_t count;
+
+    // The initial number of stacks to allocate.
+    size_t initial_count;
+
+    // Whether to madvise(free) the stack or not:
+    int free_stacks;
+
+    // The number of stacks that have been used in this pool.
+    size_t used;
+
+    // The amount to allocate for the vm_stack:
+    size_t vm_stack_size;
 };
 
 typedef struct rb_context_struct {
     enum context_type type;
-    VALUE self;
     int argc;
+    int kw_splat;
+    VALUE self;
     VALUE value;
-    VALUE *vm_stack;
-#ifdef CAPTURE_JUST_VALID_VM_STACK
-    size_t vm_stack_slen;  /* length of stack (head of th->stack) */
-    size_t vm_stack_clen;  /* length of control frames (tail of th->stack) */
-#endif
-    VALUE *machine_stack;
-    VALUE *machine_stack_src;
-#ifdef __ia64
-    VALUE *machine_register_stack;
-    VALUE *machine_register_stack_src;
-    int machine_register_stack_size;
-#endif
-    rb_thread_t saved_thread;
+
+    struct cont_saved_vm_stack saved_vm_stack;
+
+    struct {
+        VALUE *stack;
+        VALUE *stack_src;
+        size_t stack_size;
+    } machine;
+    rb_execution_context_t saved_ec;
     rb_jmpbuf_t jmpbuf;
-    size_t machine_stack_size;
+    rb_ensure_entry_t *ensure_array;
+    /* Pointer to MJIT info about the continuation.  */
+    struct mjit_cont *mjit_cont;
 } rb_context_t;
 
+
+/*
+ * Fiber status:
+ *    [Fiber.new] ------> FIBER_CREATED
+ *                        | [Fiber#resume]
+ *                        v
+ *                   +--> FIBER_RESUMED ----+
+ *    [Fiber#resume] |    | [Fiber.yield]   |
+ *                   |    v                 |
+ *                   +-- FIBER_SUSPENDED    | [Terminate]
+ *                                          |
+ *                       FIBER_TERMINATED <-+
+ */
 enum fiber_status {
-    CREATED,
-    RUNNING,
-    TERMINATED
+    FIBER_CREATED,
+    FIBER_RESUMED,
+    FIBER_SUSPENDED,
+    FIBER_TERMINATED
 };
 
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE && !defined(_WIN32)
-#define MAX_MAHINE_STACK_CACHE  10
-static int machine_stack_cache_index = 0;
-typedef struct machine_stack_cache_struct {
-    void *ptr;
-    size_t size;
-} machine_stack_cache_t;
-static machine_stack_cache_t machine_stack_cache[MAX_MAHINE_STACK_CACHE];
-static machine_stack_cache_t terminated_machine_stack;
-#endif
+#define FIBER_CREATED_P(fiber)    ((fiber)->status == FIBER_CREATED)
+#define FIBER_RESUMED_P(fiber)    ((fiber)->status == FIBER_RESUMED)
+#define FIBER_SUSPENDED_P(fiber)  ((fiber)->status == FIBER_SUSPENDED)
+#define FIBER_TERMINATED_P(fiber) ((fiber)->status == FIBER_TERMINATED)
+#define FIBER_RUNNABLE_P(fiber)   (FIBER_CREATED_P(fiber) || FIBER_SUSPENDED_P(fiber))
 
-typedef struct rb_fiber_struct {
+struct rb_fiber_struct {
     rb_context_t cont;
-    VALUE prev;
-    enum fiber_status status;
-    struct rb_fiber_struct *prev_fiber;
-    struct rb_fiber_struct *next_fiber;
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE
+    VALUE first_proc;
+    struct rb_fiber_struct *prev;
+    VALUE resuming_fiber;
+
+    BITFIELD(enum fiber_status, status, 2);
+    /* Whether the fiber is allowed to implicitly yield. */
+    unsigned int yielding : 1;
+    unsigned int blocking : 1;
+
+    struct coroutine_context context;
+    struct fiber_pool_stack stack;
+};
+
+static struct fiber_pool shared_fiber_pool = {NULL, NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+
+static ID fiber_initialize_keywords[2] = {0};
+
+/*
+ * FreeBSD require a first (i.e. addr) argument of mmap(2) is not NULL
+ * if MAP_STACK is passed.
+ * http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=158755
+ */
+#if defined(MAP_STACK) && !defined(__FreeBSD__) && !defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
+#define FIBER_STACK_FLAGS (MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON | MAP_STACK)
+#else
+#define FIBER_STACK_FLAGS (MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON)
+#endif
+
+#define ERRNOMSG strerror(errno)
+
+// Locates the stack vacancy details for the given stack.
+// Requires that fiber_pool_vacancy fits within one page.
+inline static struct fiber_pool_vacancy *
+fiber_pool_vacancy_pointer(void * base, size_t size)
+{
+    STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
+
+    return (struct fiber_pool_vacancy *)(
+        (char*)base + STACK_DIR_UPPER(0, size - RB_PAGE_SIZE)
+    );
+}
+
+// Reset the current stack pointer and available size of the given stack.
+inline static void
+fiber_pool_stack_reset(struct fiber_pool_stack * stack)
+{
+    STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
+
+    stack->current = (char*)stack->base + STACK_DIR_UPPER(0, stack->size);
+    stack->available = stack->size;
+}
+
+// A pointer to the base of the current unused portion of the stack.
+inline static void *
+fiber_pool_stack_base(struct fiber_pool_stack * stack)
+{
+    STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
+
+    VM_ASSERT(stack->current);
+
+    return STACK_DIR_UPPER(stack->current, (char*)stack->current - stack->available);
+}
+
+// Allocate some memory from the stack. Used to allocate vm_stack inline with machine stack.
+// @sa fiber_initialize_coroutine
+inline static void *
+fiber_pool_stack_alloca(struct fiber_pool_stack * stack, size_t offset)
+{
+    STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
+
+    if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_pool_stack_alloca(%p): %"PRIuSIZE"/%"PRIuSIZE"\n", (void*)stack, offset, stack->available);
+    VM_ASSERT(stack->available >= offset);
+
+    // The pointer to the memory being allocated:
+    void * pointer = STACK_DIR_UPPER(stack->current, (char*)stack->current - offset);
+
+    // Move the stack pointer:
+    stack->current = STACK_DIR_UPPER((char*)stack->current + offset, (char*)stack->current - offset);
+    stack->available -= offset;
+
+    return pointer;
+}
+
+// Reset the current stack pointer and available size of the given stack.
+inline static void
+fiber_pool_vacancy_reset(struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy)
+{
+    fiber_pool_stack_reset(&vacancy->stack);
+
+    // Consume one page of the stack because it's used for the vacancy list:
+    fiber_pool_stack_alloca(&vacancy->stack, RB_PAGE_SIZE);
+}
+
+inline static struct fiber_pool_vacancy *
+fiber_pool_vacancy_push(struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy, struct fiber_pool_vacancy * head)
+{
+    vacancy->next = head;
+
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+    if (head) {
+        head->previous = vacancy;
+        vacancy->previous = NULL;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return vacancy;
+}
+
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+static void
+fiber_pool_vacancy_remove(struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy)
+{
+    if (vacancy->next) {
+        vacancy->next->previous = vacancy->previous;
+    }
+
+    if (vacancy->previous) {
+        vacancy->previous->next = vacancy->next;
+    }
+    else {
+        // It's the head of the list:
+        vacancy->stack.pool->vacancies = vacancy->next;
+    }
+}
+
+inline static struct fiber_pool_vacancy *
+fiber_pool_vacancy_pop(struct fiber_pool * pool)
+{
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy = pool->vacancies;
+
+    if (vacancy) {
+        fiber_pool_vacancy_remove(vacancy);
+    }
+
+    return vacancy;
+}
+#else
+inline static struct fiber_pool_vacancy *
+fiber_pool_vacancy_pop(struct fiber_pool * pool)
+{
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy = pool->vacancies;
+
+    if (vacancy) {
+        pool->vacancies = vacancy->next;
+    }
+
+    return vacancy;
+}
+#endif
+
+// Initialize the vacant stack. The [base, size] allocation should not include the guard page.
+// @param base The pointer to the lowest address of the allocated memory.
+// @param size The size of the allocated memory.
+inline static struct fiber_pool_vacancy *
+fiber_pool_vacancy_initialize(struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool, struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancies, void * base, size_t size)
+{
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy = fiber_pool_vacancy_pointer(base, size);
+
+    vacancy->stack.base = base;
+    vacancy->stack.size = size;
+
+    fiber_pool_vacancy_reset(vacancy);
+
+    vacancy->stack.pool = fiber_pool;
+
+    return fiber_pool_vacancy_push(vacancy, vacancies);
+}
+
+// Allocate a maximum of count stacks, size given by stride.
+// @param count the number of stacks to allocate / were allocated.
+// @param stride the size of the individual stacks.
+// @return [void *] the allocated memory or NULL if allocation failed.
+inline static void *
+fiber_pool_allocate_memory(size_t * count, size_t stride)
+{
+    // We use a divide-by-2 strategy to try and allocate memory. We are trying
+    // to allocate `count` stacks. In normal situation, this won't fail. But
+    // if we ran out of address space, or we are allocating more memory than
+    // the system would allow (e.g. overcommit * physical memory + swap), we
+    // divide count by two and try again. This condition should only be
+    // encountered in edge cases, but we handle it here gracefully.
+    while (*count > 1) {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        void * base = VirtualAlloc(0, (*count)*stride, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
+
+        if (!base) {
+            *count = (*count) >> 1;
+        }
+        else {
+            return base;
+        }
+#else
+        errno = 0;
+        void * base = mmap(NULL, (*count)*stride, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, FIBER_STACK_FLAGS, -1, 0);
+
+        if (base == MAP_FAILED) {
+            // If the allocation fails, count = count / 2, and try again.
+            *count = (*count) >> 1;
+        }
+        else {
+            return base;
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+// Given an existing fiber pool, expand it by the specified number of stacks.
+// @param count the maximum number of stacks to allocate.
+// @return the allocated fiber pool.
+// @sa fiber_pool_allocation_free
+static struct fiber_pool_allocation *
+fiber_pool_expand(struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool, size_t count)
+{
+    STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
+
+    size_t size = fiber_pool->size;
+    size_t stride = size + RB_PAGE_SIZE;
+
+    // Allocate the memory required for the stacks:
+    void * base = fiber_pool_allocate_memory(&count, stride);
+
+    if (base == NULL) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "can't alloc machine stack to fiber (%"PRIuSIZE" x %"PRIuSIZE" bytes): %s", count, size, ERRNOMSG);
+    }
+
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancies = fiber_pool->vacancies;
+    struct fiber_pool_allocation * allocation = RB_ALLOC(struct fiber_pool_allocation);
+
+    // Initialize fiber pool allocation:
+    allocation->base = base;
+    allocation->size = size;
+    allocation->stride = stride;
+    allocation->count = count;
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+    allocation->used = 0;
+#endif
+    allocation->pool = fiber_pool;
+
+    if (DEBUG) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "fiber_pool_expand(%"PRIuSIZE"): %p, %"PRIuSIZE"/%"PRIuSIZE" x [%"PRIuSIZE":%"PRIuSIZE"]\n",
+                count, (void*)fiber_pool, fiber_pool->used, fiber_pool->count, size, fiber_pool->vm_stack_size);
+    }
+
+    // Iterate over all stacks, initializing the vacancy list:
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
+        void * base = (char*)allocation->base + (stride * i);
+        void * page = (char*)base + STACK_DIR_UPPER(size, 0);
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        DWORD old_protect;
+
+        if (!VirtualProtect(page, RB_PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_READWRITE | PAGE_GUARD, &old_protect)) {
+            VirtualFree(allocation->base, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
+            rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "can't set a guard page: %s", ERRNOMSG);
+        }
+#else
+        if (mprotect(page, RB_PAGE_SIZE, PROT_NONE) < 0) {
+            munmap(allocation->base, count*stride);
+            rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "can't set a guard page: %s", ERRNOMSG);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        vacancies = fiber_pool_vacancy_initialize(
+            fiber_pool, vacancies,
+            (char*)base + STACK_DIR_UPPER(0, RB_PAGE_SIZE),
+            size
+        );
+
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+        vacancies->stack.allocation = allocation;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // Insert the allocation into the head of the pool:
+    allocation->next = fiber_pool->allocations;
+
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+    if (allocation->next) {
+        allocation->next->previous = allocation;
+    }
+
+    allocation->previous = NULL;
+#endif
+
+    fiber_pool->allocations = allocation;
+    fiber_pool->vacancies = vacancies;
+    fiber_pool->count += count;
+
+    return allocation;
+}
+
+// Initialize the specified fiber pool with the given number of stacks.
+// @param vm_stack_size The size of the vm stack to allocate.
+static void
+fiber_pool_initialize(struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool, size_t size, size_t count, size_t vm_stack_size)
+{
+    VM_ASSERT(vm_stack_size < size);
+
+    fiber_pool->allocations = NULL;
+    fiber_pool->vacancies = NULL;
+    fiber_pool->size = ((size / RB_PAGE_SIZE) + 1) * RB_PAGE_SIZE;
+    fiber_pool->count = 0;
+    fiber_pool->initial_count = count;
+    fiber_pool->free_stacks = 1;
+    fiber_pool->used = 0;
+
+    fiber_pool->vm_stack_size = vm_stack_size;
+
+    fiber_pool_expand(fiber_pool, count);
+}
+
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+// Free the list of fiber pool allocations.
+static void
+fiber_pool_allocation_free(struct fiber_pool_allocation * allocation)
+{
+    STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
+
+    VM_ASSERT(allocation->used == 0);
+
+    if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_pool_allocation_free: %p base=%p count=%"PRIuSIZE"\n", allocation, allocation->base, allocation->count);
+
+    size_t i;
+    for (i = 0; i < allocation->count; i += 1) {
+        void * base = (char*)allocation->base + (allocation->stride * i) + STACK_DIR_UPPER(0, RB_PAGE_SIZE);
+
+        struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy = fiber_pool_vacancy_pointer(base, allocation->size);
+
+        // Pop the vacant stack off the free list:
+        fiber_pool_vacancy_remove(vacancy);
+    }
+
 #ifdef _WIN32
-    void *fib_handle;
+    VirtualFree(allocation->base, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
 #else
-    ucontext_t context;
+    munmap(allocation->base, allocation->stride * allocation->count);
 #endif
+
+    if (allocation->previous) {
+        allocation->previous->next = allocation->next;
+    }
+    else {
+        // We are the head of the list, so update the pool:
+        allocation->pool->allocations = allocation->next;
+    }
+
+    if (allocation->next) {
+        allocation->next->previous = allocation->previous;
+    }
+
+    allocation->pool->count -= allocation->count;
+
+    ruby_xfree(allocation);
+}
 #endif
-} rb_fiber_t;
 
-static const rb_data_type_t cont_data_type, fiber_data_type;
-static VALUE rb_cContinuation;
-static VALUE rb_cFiber;
-static VALUE rb_eFiberError;
+// Acquire a stack from the given fiber pool. If none are available, allocate more.
+static struct fiber_pool_stack
+fiber_pool_stack_acquire(struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool) {
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy = fiber_pool_vacancy_pop(fiber_pool);
+
+    if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_pool_stack_acquire: %p used=%"PRIuSIZE"\n", (void*)fiber_pool->vacancies, fiber_pool->used);
+
+    if (!vacancy) {
+        const size_t maximum = FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_MAXIMUM_SIZE;
+        const size_t minimum = fiber_pool->initial_count;
+
+        size_t count = fiber_pool->count;
+        if (count > maximum) count = maximum;
+        if (count < minimum) count = minimum;
+
+        fiber_pool_expand(fiber_pool, count);
+
+        // The free list should now contain some stacks:
+        VM_ASSERT(fiber_pool->vacancies);
 
-#define GetContPtr(obj, ptr)  \
-    TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), rb_context_t, &cont_data_type, (ptr))
+        vacancy = fiber_pool_vacancy_pop(fiber_pool);
+    }
+
+    VM_ASSERT(vacancy);
+    VM_ASSERT(vacancy->stack.base);
 
-#define GetFiberPtr(obj, ptr)  do {\
-    TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), rb_fiber_t, &fiber_data_type, (ptr)); \
-    if (!(ptr)) rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "uninitialized fiber"); \
-} while(0)
+    // Take the top item from the free list:
+    fiber_pool->used += 1;
+
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+    vacancy->stack.allocation->used += 1;
+#endif
 
-NOINLINE(static VALUE cont_capture(volatile int *stat));
+    fiber_pool_stack_reset(&vacancy->stack);
+
+    return vacancy->stack;
+}
+
+// We advise the operating system that the stack memory pages are no longer being used.
+// This introduce some performance overhead but allows system to relaim memory when there is pressure.
+static inline void
+fiber_pool_stack_free(struct fiber_pool_stack * stack)
+{
+    void * base = fiber_pool_stack_base(stack);
+    size_t size = stack->available;
+
+    // If this is not true, the vacancy information will almost certainly be destroyed:
+    VM_ASSERT(size <= (stack->size - RB_PAGE_SIZE));
+
+    if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_pool_stack_free: %p+%"PRIuSIZE" [base=%p, size=%"PRIuSIZE"]\n", base, size, stack->base, stack->size);
+
+#if VM_CHECK_MODE > 0 && defined(MADV_DONTNEED)
+    // This immediately discards the pages and the memory is reset to zero.
+    madvise(base, size, MADV_DONTNEED);
+#elif defined(MADV_FREE_REUSABLE)
+    madvise(base, size, MADV_FREE_REUSABLE);
+#elif defined(MADV_FREE)
+    madvise(base, size, MADV_FREE);
+#elif defined(MADV_DONTNEED)
+    madvise(base, size, MADV_DONTNEED);
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+    VirtualAlloc(base, size, MEM_RESET, PAGE_READWRITE);
+    // Not available in all versions of Windows.
+    //DiscardVirtualMemory(base, size);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Release and return a stack to the vacancy list.
+static void
+fiber_pool_stack_release(struct fiber_pool_stack * stack)
+{
+    struct fiber_pool * pool = stack->pool;
+    struct fiber_pool_vacancy * vacancy = fiber_pool_vacancy_pointer(stack->base, stack->size);
+
+    if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_pool_stack_release: %p used=%"PRIuSIZE"\n", stack->base, stack->pool->used);
+
+    // Copy the stack details into the vacancy area:
+    vacancy->stack = *stack;
+    // After this point, be careful about updating/using state in stack, since it's copied to the vacancy area.
+
+    // Reset the stack pointers and reserve space for the vacancy data:
+    fiber_pool_vacancy_reset(vacancy);
+
+    // Push the vacancy into the vancancies list:
+    pool->vacancies = fiber_pool_vacancy_push(vacancy, stack->pool->vacancies);
+    pool->used -= 1;
+
+#ifdef FIBER_POOL_ALLOCATION_FREE
+    struct fiber_pool_allocation * allocation = stack->allocation;
+
+    allocation->used -= 1;
+
+    // Release address space and/or dirty memory:
+    if (allocation->used == 0) {
+        fiber_pool_allocation_free(allocation);
+    }
+    else if (stack->pool->free_stacks) {
+        fiber_pool_stack_free(&vacancy->stack);
+    }
+#else
+    // This is entirely optional, but clears the dirty flag from the stack memory, so it won't get swapped to disk when there is memory pressure:
+    if (stack->pool->free_stacks) {
+        fiber_pool_stack_free(&vacancy->stack);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+static COROUTINE
+fiber_entry(struct coroutine_context * from, struct coroutine_context * to)
+{
+    rb_fiber_start();
+}
+
+// Initialize a fiber's coroutine's machine stack and vm stack.
+static VALUE *
+fiber_initialize_coroutine(rb_fiber_t *fiber, size_t * vm_stack_size)
+{
+    struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool = fiber->stack.pool;
+    rb_execution_context_t *sec = &fiber->cont.saved_ec;
+    void * vm_stack = NULL;
+
+    VM_ASSERT(fiber_pool != NULL);
+
+    fiber->stack = fiber_pool_stack_acquire(fiber_pool);
+    vm_stack = fiber_pool_stack_alloca(&fiber->stack, fiber_pool->vm_stack_size);
+    *vm_stack_size = fiber_pool->vm_stack_size;
+
+#ifdef COROUTINE_PRIVATE_STACK
+    coroutine_initialize(&fiber->context, fiber_entry, fiber_pool_stack_base(&fiber->stack), fiber->stack.available, sec->machine.stack_start);
+    // The stack for this execution context is still the main machine stack, so don't adjust it.
+    // If this is not managed correctly, you will fail in `rb_ec_stack_check`.
+
+    // We limit the machine stack usage to the fiber stack size.
+    if (sec->machine.stack_maxsize > fiber->stack.available) {
+        sec->machine.stack_maxsize = fiber->stack.available;
+    }
+#else
+    coroutine_initialize(&fiber->context, fiber_entry, fiber_pool_stack_base(&fiber->stack), fiber->stack.available);
+
+    // The stack for this execution context is the one we allocated:
+    sec->machine.stack_start = fiber->stack.current;
+    sec->machine.stack_maxsize = fiber->stack.available;
+#endif
+
+    return vm_stack;
+}
+
+// Release the stack from the fiber, it's execution context, and return it to the fiber pool.
+static void
+fiber_stack_release(rb_fiber_t * fiber)
+{
+    rb_execution_context_t *ec = &fiber->cont.saved_ec;
+
+    if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_stack_release: %p, stack.base=%p\n", (void*)fiber, fiber->stack.base);
+
+    // Return the stack back to the fiber pool if it wasn't already:
+    if (fiber->stack.base) {
+        fiber_pool_stack_release(&fiber->stack);
+        fiber->stack.base = NULL;
+    }
+
+    // The stack is no longer associated with this execution context:
+    rb_ec_clear_vm_stack(ec);
+}
+
+static const char *
+fiber_status_name(enum fiber_status s)
+{
+    switch (s) {
+      case FIBER_CREATED: return "created";
+      case FIBER_RESUMED: return "resumed";
+      case FIBER_SUSPENDED: return "suspended";
+      case FIBER_TERMINATED: return "terminated";
+    }
+    VM_UNREACHABLE(fiber_status_name);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+fiber_verify(const rb_fiber_t *fiber)
+{
+#if VM_CHECK_MODE > 0
+    VM_ASSERT(fiber->cont.saved_ec.fiber_ptr == fiber);
+
+    switch (fiber->status) {
+      case FIBER_RESUMED:
+        VM_ASSERT(fiber->cont.saved_ec.vm_stack != NULL);
+        break;
+      case FIBER_SUSPENDED:
+        VM_ASSERT(fiber->cont.saved_ec.vm_stack != NULL);
+        break;
+      case FIBER_CREATED:
+      case FIBER_TERMINATED:
+        /* TODO */
+        break;
+      default:
+        VM_UNREACHABLE(fiber_verify);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+inline static void
+fiber_status_set(rb_fiber_t *fiber, enum fiber_status s)
+{
+    // if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber: %p, status: %s -> %s\n", (void *)fiber, fiber_status_name(fiber->status), fiber_status_name(s));
+    VM_ASSERT(!FIBER_TERMINATED_P(fiber));
+    VM_ASSERT(fiber->status != s);
+    fiber_verify(fiber);
+    fiber->status = s;
+}
+
+static inline void
+ec_switch(rb_thread_t *th, rb_fiber_t *fiber)
+{
+    rb_execution_context_t *ec = &fiber->cont.saved_ec;
+    rb_ractor_set_current_ec(th->ractor, th->ec = ec);
+    // ruby_current_execution_context_ptr = th->ec = ec;
+
+    /*
+     * timer-thread may set trap interrupt on previous th->ec at any time;
+     * ensure we do not delay (or lose) the trap interrupt handling.
+     */
+    if (th->vm->ractor.main_thread == th &&
+        rb_signal_buff_size() > 0) {
+        RUBY_VM_SET_TRAP_INTERRUPT(ec);
+    }
+
+    VM_ASSERT(ec->fiber_ptr->cont.self == 0 || ec->vm_stack != NULL);
+}
+
+static rb_context_t *
+cont_ptr(VALUE obj)
+{
+    rb_context_t *cont;
+
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(obj, rb_context_t, &cont_data_type, cont);
+
+    return cont;
+}
+
+static rb_fiber_t *
+fiber_ptr(VALUE obj)
+{
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber;
+
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(obj, rb_fiber_t, &fiber_data_type, fiber);
+    if (!fiber) rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "uninitialized fiber");
+
+    return fiber;
+}
+
+NOINLINE(static VALUE cont_capture(volatile int *volatile stat));
 
 #define THREAD_MUST_BE_RUNNING(th) do { \
-	if (!(th)->tag) rb_raise(rb_eThreadError, "not running thread");	\
+        if (!(th)->ec->tag) rb_raise(rb_eThreadError, "not running thread"); \
     } while (0)
 
+rb_thread_t*
+rb_fiber_threadptr(const rb_fiber_t *fiber)
+{
+    return fiber->cont.saved_ec.thread_ptr;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+cont_thread_value(const rb_context_t *cont)
+{
+    return cont->saved_ec.thread_ptr->self;
+}
+
+static void
+cont_compact(void *ptr)
+{
+    rb_context_t *cont = ptr;
+
+    if (cont->self) {
+        cont->self = rb_gc_location(cont->self);
+    }
+    cont->value = rb_gc_location(cont->value);
+    rb_execution_context_update(&cont->saved_ec);
+}
+
 static void
 cont_mark(void *ptr)
 {
+    rb_context_t *cont = ptr;
+
     RUBY_MARK_ENTER("cont");
-    if (ptr) {
-	rb_context_t *cont = ptr;
-	rb_gc_mark(cont->value);
-	rb_thread_mark(&cont->saved_thread);
-	rb_gc_mark(cont->saved_thread.self);
+    if (cont->self) {
+        rb_gc_mark_movable(cont->self);
+    }
+    rb_gc_mark_movable(cont->value);
+
+    rb_execution_context_mark(&cont->saved_ec);
+    rb_gc_mark(cont_thread_value(cont));
 
-	if (cont->vm_stack) {
+    if (cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr) {
 #ifdef CAPTURE_JUST_VALID_VM_STACK
-	    rb_gc_mark_locations(cont->vm_stack,
-				 cont->vm_stack + cont->vm_stack_slen + cont->vm_stack_clen);
+        rb_gc_mark_locations(cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr,
+                             cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr + cont->saved_vm_stack.slen + cont->saved_vm_stack.clen);
 #else
-	    rb_gc_mark_localtion(cont->vm_stack,
-				 cont->vm_stack, cont->saved_thread.stack_size);
+        rb_gc_mark_locations(cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr,
+                             cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr, cont->saved_ec.stack_size);
 #endif
-	}
+    }
 
-	if (cont->machine_stack) {
-	    if (cont->type == CONTINUATION_CONTEXT) {
-		/* cont */
-		rb_gc_mark_locations(cont->machine_stack,
-				     cont->machine_stack + cont->machine_stack_size);
+    if (cont->machine.stack) {
+        if (cont->type == CONTINUATION_CONTEXT) {
+            /* cont */
+            rb_gc_mark_locations(cont->machine.stack,
+                                 cont->machine.stack + cont->machine.stack_size);
+        }
+        else {
+            /* fiber */
+            const rb_fiber_t *fiber = (rb_fiber_t*)cont;
+
+            if (!FIBER_TERMINATED_P(fiber)) {
+                rb_gc_mark_locations(cont->machine.stack,
+                                     cont->machine.stack + cont->machine.stack_size);
             }
-            else {
-		/* fiber */
-		rb_thread_t *th;
-                rb_fiber_t *fib = (rb_fiber_t*)cont;
-		GetThreadPtr(cont->saved_thread.self, th);
-		if ((th->fiber != cont->self) && fib->status == RUNNING) {
-		    rb_gc_mark_locations(cont->machine_stack,
-					 cont->machine_stack + cont->machine_stack_size);
-		}
-	    }
-	}
-#ifdef __ia64
-	if (cont->machine_register_stack) {
-	    rb_gc_mark_locations(cont->machine_register_stack,
-				 cont->machine_register_stack + cont->machine_register_stack_size);
-	}
-#endif
+        }
     }
+
     RUBY_MARK_LEAVE("cont");
 }
 
+#if 0
+static int
+fiber_is_root_p(const rb_fiber_t *fiber)
+{
+    return fiber == fiber->cont.saved_ec.thread_ptr->root_fiber;
+}
+#endif
+
 static void
 cont_free(void *ptr)
 {
+    rb_context_t *cont = ptr;
+
     RUBY_FREE_ENTER("cont");
-    if (ptr) {
-	rb_context_t *cont = ptr;
-	RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL(cont->saved_thread.stack); fflush(stdout);
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE
-	if (cont->type == CONTINUATION_CONTEXT) {
-	    /* cont */
-	    RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL(cont->machine_stack);
-	}
-	else {
-	    /* fiber */
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	    if (GET_THREAD()->fiber != cont->self && cont->type != ROOT_FIBER_CONTEXT) {
-		/* don't delete root fiber handle */
-		rb_fiber_t *fib = (rb_fiber_t*)cont;
-		if (fib->fib_handle) {
-		    DeleteFiber(fib->fib_handle);
-		}
-	    }
-#else /* not WIN32 */
-	    if (GET_THREAD()->fiber != cont->self) {
-                rb_fiber_t *fib = (rb_fiber_t*)cont;
-                if (fib->context.uc_stack.ss_sp) {
-                    if (cont->type == ROOT_FIBER_CONTEXT) {
-			rb_bug("Illegal root fiber parameter");
-                    }
-		    munmap((void*)fib->context.uc_stack.ss_sp, fib->context.uc_stack.ss_size);
-		}
-	    }
-            else {
-		/* It may reached here when finalize */
-		/* TODO examine whether it is a bug */
-                /* rb_bug("cont_free: release self"); */
-            }
-#endif
-	}
-#else /* not FIBER_USE_NATIVE */
-	RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL(cont->machine_stack);
-#endif
-#ifdef __ia64
-	RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL(cont->machine_register_stack);
-#endif
-	RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL(cont->vm_stack);
 
-	/* free rb_cont_t or rb_fiber_t */
-	ruby_xfree(ptr);
+    if (cont->type == CONTINUATION_CONTEXT) {
+        ruby_xfree(cont->saved_ec.vm_stack);
+        ruby_xfree(cont->ensure_array);
+        RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL(cont->machine.stack);
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_fiber_t *fiber = (rb_fiber_t*)cont;
+        coroutine_destroy(&fiber->context);
+        fiber_stack_release(fiber);
+    }
+
+    RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL(cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr);
+
+    if (mjit_enabled) {
+        VM_ASSERT(cont->mjit_cont != NULL);
+        mjit_cont_free(cont->mjit_cont);
     }
+    /* free rb_cont_t or rb_fiber_t */
+    ruby_xfree(ptr);
     RUBY_FREE_LEAVE("cont");
 }
 
@@ -236,91 +958,101 @@ cont_memsize(const void *ptr)
 {
     const rb_context_t *cont = ptr;
     size_t size = 0;
-    if (cont) {
-	size = sizeof(*cont);
-	if (cont->vm_stack) {
+
+    size = sizeof(*cont);
+    if (cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr) {
 #ifdef CAPTURE_JUST_VALID_VM_STACK
-	    size_t n = (cont->vm_stack_slen + cont->vm_stack_clen);
+        size_t n = (cont->saved_vm_stack.slen + cont->saved_vm_stack.clen);
 #else
-	    size_t n = cont->saved_thread.stack_size;
-#endif
-	    size += n * sizeof(*cont->vm_stack);
-	}
-
-	if (cont->machine_stack) {
-	    size += cont->machine_stack_size * sizeof(*cont->machine_stack);
-	}
-#ifdef __ia64
-	if (cont->machine_register_stack) {
-	    size += cont->machine_register_stack_size * sizeof(*cont->machine_register_stack);
-	}
+        size_t n = cont->saved_ec.vm_stack_size;
 #endif
+        size += n * sizeof(*cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr);
+    }
+
+    if (cont->machine.stack) {
+        size += cont->machine.stack_size * sizeof(*cont->machine.stack);
     }
+
     return size;
 }
 
-static void
-fiber_mark(void *ptr)
+void
+rb_fiber_update_self(rb_fiber_t *fiber)
 {
-    RUBY_MARK_ENTER("cont");
-    if (ptr) {
-	rb_fiber_t *fib = ptr;
-	rb_gc_mark(fib->prev);
-	cont_mark(&fib->cont);
+    if (fiber->cont.self) {
+        fiber->cont.self = rb_gc_location(fiber->cont.self);
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_execution_context_update(&fiber->cont.saved_ec);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+rb_fiber_mark_self(const rb_fiber_t *fiber)
+{
+    if (fiber->cont.self) {
+        rb_gc_mark_movable(fiber->cont.self);
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_execution_context_mark(&fiber->cont.saved_ec);
     }
-    RUBY_MARK_LEAVE("cont");
 }
 
 static void
-fiber_link_join(rb_fiber_t *fib)
+fiber_compact(void *ptr)
 {
-    VALUE current_fibval = rb_fiber_current();
-    rb_fiber_t *current_fib;
-    GetFiberPtr(current_fibval, current_fib);
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = ptr;
+    fiber->first_proc = rb_gc_location(fiber->first_proc);
 
-    /* join fiber link */
-    fib->next_fiber = current_fib->next_fiber;
-    fib->prev_fiber = current_fib;
-    current_fib->next_fiber->prev_fiber = fib;
-    current_fib->next_fiber = fib;
+    if (fiber->prev) rb_fiber_update_self(fiber->prev);
+
+    cont_compact(&fiber->cont);
+    fiber_verify(fiber);
 }
 
 static void
-fiber_link_remove(rb_fiber_t *fib)
+fiber_mark(void *ptr)
 {
-    fib->prev_fiber->next_fiber = fib->next_fiber;
-    fib->next_fiber->prev_fiber = fib->prev_fiber;
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = ptr;
+    RUBY_MARK_ENTER("cont");
+    fiber_verify(fiber);
+    rb_gc_mark_movable(fiber->first_proc);
+    if (fiber->prev) rb_fiber_mark_self(fiber->prev);
+    cont_mark(&fiber->cont);
+    RUBY_MARK_LEAVE("cont");
 }
 
 static void
 fiber_free(void *ptr)
 {
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = ptr;
     RUBY_FREE_ENTER("fiber");
-    if (ptr) {
-	rb_fiber_t *fib = ptr;
-	if (fib->cont.type != ROOT_FIBER_CONTEXT &&
-	    fib->cont.saved_thread.local_storage) {
-	    st_free_table(fib->cont.saved_thread.local_storage);
-	}
-	fiber_link_remove(fib);
 
-	cont_free(&fib->cont);
+    //if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_free: %p[%p]\n", fiber, fiber->stack.base);
+
+    if (fiber->cont.saved_ec.local_storage) {
+        rb_id_table_free(fiber->cont.saved_ec.local_storage);
     }
+
+    cont_free(&fiber->cont);
     RUBY_FREE_LEAVE("fiber");
 }
 
 static size_t
 fiber_memsize(const void *ptr)
 {
-    const rb_fiber_t *fib = ptr;
-    size_t size = 0;
-    if (ptr) {
-	size = sizeof(*fib);
-	if (fib->cont.type != ROOT_FIBER_CONTEXT) {
-	    size += st_memsize(fib->cont.saved_thread.local_storage);
-	}
-	size += cont_memsize(&fib->cont);
+    const rb_fiber_t *fiber = ptr;
+    size_t size = sizeof(*fiber);
+    const rb_execution_context_t *saved_ec = &fiber->cont.saved_ec;
+    const rb_thread_t *th = rb_ec_thread_ptr(saved_ec);
+
+    /*
+     * vm.c::thread_memsize already counts th->ec->local_storage
+     */
+    if (saved_ec->local_storage && fiber != th->root_fiber) {
+        size += rb_id_table_memsize(saved_ec->local_storage);
     }
+    size += cont_memsize(&fiber->cont);
     return size;
 }
 
@@ -328,10 +1060,10 @@ VALUE
 rb_obj_is_fiber(VALUE obj)
 {
     if (rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(obj, &fiber_data_type)) {
-	return Qtrue;
+        return Qtrue;
     }
     else {
-	return Qfalse;
+        return Qfalse;
     }
 }
 
@@ -340,63 +1072,56 @@ cont_save_machine_stack(rb_thread_t *th, rb_context_t *cont)
 {
     size_t size;
 
-    SET_MACHINE_STACK_END(&th->machine_stack_end);
-#ifdef __ia64
-    th->machine_register_stack_end = rb_ia64_bsp();
-#endif
+    SET_MACHINE_STACK_END(&th->ec->machine.stack_end);
 
-    if (th->machine_stack_start > th->machine_stack_end) {
-	size = cont->machine_stack_size = th->machine_stack_start - th->machine_stack_end;
-	cont->machine_stack_src = th->machine_stack_end;
+    if (th->ec->machine.stack_start > th->ec->machine.stack_end) {
+        size = cont->machine.stack_size = th->ec->machine.stack_start - th->ec->machine.stack_end;
+        cont->machine.stack_src = th->ec->machine.stack_end;
     }
     else {
-	size = cont->machine_stack_size = th->machine_stack_end - th->machine_stack_start;
-	cont->machine_stack_src = th->machine_stack_start;
+        size = cont->machine.stack_size = th->ec->machine.stack_end - th->ec->machine.stack_start;
+        cont->machine.stack_src = th->ec->machine.stack_start;
     }
 
-    if (cont->machine_stack) {
-	REALLOC_N(cont->machine_stack, VALUE, size);
+    if (cont->machine.stack) {
+        REALLOC_N(cont->machine.stack, VALUE, size);
     }
     else {
-	cont->machine_stack = ALLOC_N(VALUE, size);
+        cont->machine.stack = ALLOC_N(VALUE, size);
     }
 
     FLUSH_REGISTER_WINDOWS;
-    MEMCPY(cont->machine_stack, cont->machine_stack_src, VALUE, size);
-
-#ifdef __ia64
-    rb_ia64_flushrs();
-    size = cont->machine_register_stack_size = th->machine_register_stack_end - th->machine_register_stack_start;
-    cont->machine_register_stack_src = th->machine_register_stack_start;
-    if (cont->machine_register_stack) {
-	REALLOC_N(cont->machine_register_stack, VALUE, size);
-    }
-    else {
-	cont->machine_register_stack = ALLOC_N(VALUE, size);
-    }
-
-    MEMCPY(cont->machine_register_stack, cont->machine_register_stack_src, VALUE, size);
-#endif
+    MEMCPY(cont->machine.stack, cont->machine.stack_src, VALUE, size);
 }
 
 static const rb_data_type_t cont_data_type = {
     "continuation",
-    {cont_mark, cont_free, cont_memsize,},
+    {cont_mark, cont_free, cont_memsize, cont_compact},
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
 };
 
-static void
+static inline void
 cont_save_thread(rb_context_t *cont, rb_thread_t *th)
 {
+    rb_execution_context_t *sec = &cont->saved_ec;
+
+    VM_ASSERT(th->status == THREAD_RUNNABLE);
+
     /* save thread context */
-    cont->saved_thread = *th;
-    /* saved_thread->machine_stack_(start|end) should be NULL */
+    *sec = *th->ec;
+
+    /* saved_ec->machine.stack_end should be NULL */
     /* because it may happen GC afterward */
-    cont->saved_thread.machine_stack_start = 0;
-    cont->saved_thread.machine_stack_end = 0;
-#ifdef __ia64
-    cont->saved_thread.machine_register_stack_start = 0;
-    cont->saved_thread.machine_register_stack_end = 0;
-#endif
+    sec->machine.stack_end = NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+cont_init_mjit_cont(rb_context_t *cont)
+{
+    VM_ASSERT(cont->mjit_cont == NULL);
+    if (mjit_enabled) {
+        cont->mjit_cont = mjit_cont_new(&(cont->saved_ec));
+    }
 }
 
 static void
@@ -404,7 +1129,11 @@ cont_init(rb_context_t *cont, rb_thread_t *th)
 {
     /* save thread context */
     cont_save_thread(cont, th);
-    cont->saved_thread.local_storage = 0;
+    cont->saved_ec.thread_ptr = th;
+    cont->saved_ec.local_storage = NULL;
+    cont->saved_ec.local_storage_recursive_hash = Qnil;
+    cont->saved_ec.local_storage_recursive_hash_for_trace = Qnil;
+    cont_init_mjit_cont(cont);
 }
 
 static rb_context_t *
@@ -421,258 +1150,221 @@ cont_new(VALUE klass)
     return cont;
 }
 
+VALUE rb_fiberptr_self(struct rb_fiber_struct *fiber)
+{
+    return fiber->cont.self;
+}
+
+unsigned int rb_fiberptr_blocking(struct rb_fiber_struct *fiber)
+{
+    return fiber->blocking;
+}
+
+// This is used for root_fiber because other fibers call cont_init_mjit_cont through cont_new.
+void
+rb_fiber_init_mjit_cont(struct rb_fiber_struct *fiber)
+{
+    cont_init_mjit_cont(&fiber->cont);
+}
+
+#if 0
+void
+show_vm_stack(const rb_execution_context_t *ec)
+{
+    VALUE *p = ec->vm_stack;
+    while (p < ec->cfp->sp) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%3d ", (int)(p - ec->vm_stack));
+        rb_obj_info_dump(*p);
+        p++;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+show_vm_pcs(const rb_control_frame_t *cfp,
+            const rb_control_frame_t *end_of_cfp)
+{
+    int i=0;
+    while (cfp != end_of_cfp) {
+        int pc = 0;
+        if (cfp->iseq) {
+            pc = cfp->pc - cfp->iseq->body->iseq_encoded;
+        }
+        fprintf(stderr, "%2d pc: %d\n", i++, pc);
+        cfp = RUBY_VM_PREVIOUS_CONTROL_FRAME(cfp);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+COMPILER_WARNING_PUSH
+#ifdef __clang__
+COMPILER_WARNING_IGNORED(-Wduplicate-decl-specifier)
+#endif
 static VALUE
-cont_capture(volatile int *stat)
+cont_capture(volatile int *volatile stat)
 {
-    rb_context_t *cont;
-    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD(), *sth;
+    rb_context_t *volatile cont;
+    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
     volatile VALUE contval;
+    const rb_execution_context_t *ec = th->ec;
 
     THREAD_MUST_BE_RUNNING(th);
-    rb_vm_stack_to_heap(th);
+    rb_vm_stack_to_heap(th->ec);
     cont = cont_new(rb_cContinuation);
     contval = cont->self;
-    sth = &cont->saved_thread;
 
 #ifdef CAPTURE_JUST_VALID_VM_STACK
-    cont->vm_stack_slen = th->cfp->sp + th->mark_stack_len - th->stack;
-    cont->vm_stack_clen = th->stack + th->stack_size - (VALUE*)th->cfp;
-    cont->vm_stack = ALLOC_N(VALUE, cont->vm_stack_slen + cont->vm_stack_clen);
-    MEMCPY(cont->vm_stack, th->stack, VALUE, cont->vm_stack_slen);
-    MEMCPY(cont->vm_stack + cont->vm_stack_slen, (VALUE*)th->cfp, VALUE, cont->vm_stack_clen);
+    cont->saved_vm_stack.slen = ec->cfp->sp - ec->vm_stack;
+    cont->saved_vm_stack.clen = ec->vm_stack + ec->vm_stack_size - (VALUE*)ec->cfp;
+    cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, cont->saved_vm_stack.slen + cont->saved_vm_stack.clen);
+    MEMCPY(cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr,
+           ec->vm_stack,
+           VALUE, cont->saved_vm_stack.slen);
+    MEMCPY(cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr + cont->saved_vm_stack.slen,
+           (VALUE*)ec->cfp,
+           VALUE,
+           cont->saved_vm_stack.clen);
 #else
-    cont->vm_stack = ALLOC_N(VALUE, th->stack_size);
-    MEMCPY(cont->vm_stack, th->stack, VALUE, th->stack_size);
+    cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr = ALLOC_N(VALUE, ec->vm_stack_size);
+    MEMCPY(cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr, ec->vm_stack, VALUE, ec->vm_stack_size);
 #endif
-    sth->stack = 0;
-
+    // At this point, `cfp` is valid but `vm_stack` should be cleared:
+    rb_ec_set_vm_stack(&cont->saved_ec, NULL, 0);
+    VM_ASSERT(cont->saved_ec.cfp != NULL);
     cont_save_machine_stack(th, cont);
 
-    if (ruby_setjmp(cont->jmpbuf)) {
-	volatile VALUE value;
+    /* backup ensure_list to array for search in another context */
+    {
+        rb_ensure_list_t *p;
+        int size = 0;
+        rb_ensure_entry_t *entry;
+        for (p=th->ec->ensure_list; p; p=p->next)
+            size++;
+        entry = cont->ensure_array = ALLOC_N(rb_ensure_entry_t,size+1);
+        for (p=th->ec->ensure_list; p; p=p->next) {
+            if (!p->entry.marker)
+                p->entry.marker = rb_ary_tmp_new(0); /* dummy object */
+            *entry++ = p->entry;
+        }
+        entry->marker = 0;
+    }
 
-	value = cont->value;
-	if (cont->argc == -1) rb_exc_raise(value);
-	cont->value = Qnil;
-	*stat = 1;
-	return value;
+    if (ruby_setjmp(cont->jmpbuf)) {
+        VALUE value;
+
+        VAR_INITIALIZED(cont);
+        value = cont->value;
+        if (cont->argc == -1) rb_exc_raise(value);
+        cont->value = Qnil;
+        *stat = 1;
+        return value;
     }
     else {
-	*stat = 0;
-	return cont->self;
+        *stat = 0;
+        return contval;
     }
 }
+COMPILER_WARNING_POP
 
-static void
+static inline void
+fiber_restore_thread(rb_thread_t *th, rb_fiber_t *fiber)
+{
+    ec_switch(th, fiber);
+    VM_ASSERT(th->ec->fiber_ptr == fiber);
+}
+
+static inline void
 cont_restore_thread(rb_context_t *cont)
 {
-    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD(), *sth = &cont->saved_thread;
+    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
 
     /* restore thread context */
     if (cont->type == CONTINUATION_CONTEXT) {
-	/* continuation */
-	VALUE fib;
-
-	th->fiber = sth->fiber;
-	fib = th->fiber ? th->fiber : th->root_fiber;
-
-	if (fib) {
-	    rb_fiber_t *fcont;
-	    GetFiberPtr(fib, fcont);
-	    th->stack_size = fcont->cont.saved_thread.stack_size;
-	    th->stack = fcont->cont.saved_thread.stack;
-	}
+        /* continuation */
+        rb_execution_context_t *sec = &cont->saved_ec;
+        rb_fiber_t *fiber = NULL;
+
+        if (sec->fiber_ptr != NULL) {
+            fiber = sec->fiber_ptr;
+        }
+        else if (th->root_fiber) {
+            fiber = th->root_fiber;
+        }
+
+        if (fiber && th->ec != &fiber->cont.saved_ec) {
+            ec_switch(th, fiber);
+        }
+
+        if (th->ec->trace_arg != sec->trace_arg) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "can't call across trace_func");
+        }
+
+        /* copy vm stack */
 #ifdef CAPTURE_JUST_VALID_VM_STACK
-	MEMCPY(th->stack, cont->vm_stack, VALUE, cont->vm_stack_slen);
-	MEMCPY(th->stack + sth->stack_size - cont->vm_stack_clen,
-	       cont->vm_stack + cont->vm_stack_slen, VALUE, cont->vm_stack_clen);
+        MEMCPY(th->ec->vm_stack,
+               cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr,
+               VALUE, cont->saved_vm_stack.slen);
+        MEMCPY(th->ec->vm_stack + th->ec->vm_stack_size - cont->saved_vm_stack.clen,
+               cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr + cont->saved_vm_stack.slen,
+               VALUE, cont->saved_vm_stack.clen);
 #else
-	MEMCPY(th->stack, cont->vm_stack, VALUE, sth->stack_size);
+        MEMCPY(th->ec->vm_stack, cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr, VALUE, sec->vm_stack_size);
 #endif
+        /* other members of ec */
+
+        th->ec->cfp = sec->cfp;
+        th->ec->raised_flag = sec->raised_flag;
+        th->ec->tag = sec->tag;
+        th->ec->protect_tag = sec->protect_tag;
+        th->ec->root_lep = sec->root_lep;
+        th->ec->root_svar = sec->root_svar;
+        th->ec->ensure_list = sec->ensure_list;
+        th->ec->errinfo = sec->errinfo;
+
+        VM_ASSERT(th->ec->vm_stack != NULL);
     }
     else {
-	/* fiber */
-	th->stack = sth->stack;
-	th->stack_size = sth->stack_size;
-	th->local_storage = sth->local_storage;
-	th->fiber = cont->self;
+        /* fiber */
+        fiber_restore_thread(th, (rb_fiber_t*)cont);
     }
-
-    th->cfp = sth->cfp;
-    th->safe_level = sth->safe_level;
-    th->raised_flag = sth->raised_flag;
-    th->state = sth->state;
-    th->status = sth->status;
-    th->tag = sth->tag;
-    th->protect_tag = sth->protect_tag;
-    th->errinfo = sth->errinfo;
-    th->first_proc = sth->first_proc;
 }
 
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE
-#ifdef _WIN32
+NOINLINE(static void fiber_setcontext(rb_fiber_t *new_fiber, rb_fiber_t *old_fiber));
+
 static void
-fiber_set_stack_location(void)
+fiber_setcontext(rb_fiber_t *new_fiber, rb_fiber_t *old_fiber)
 {
     rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
-    VALUE *ptr;
-
-    SET_MACHINE_STACK_END(&ptr);
-    th->machine_stack_start = (void*)(((VALUE)ptr & RB_PAGE_MASK) + STACK_UPPER((void *)&ptr, 0, RB_PAGE_SIZE));
-}
 
-static VOID CALLBACK
-fiber_entry(void *arg)
-{
-    fiber_set_stack_location();
-    rb_fiber_start();
-}
-#else /* _WIN32 */
-
-/*
- * FreeBSD require a first (i.e. addr) argument of mmap(2) is not NULL
- * if MAP_STACK is passed.
- * http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=158755
- */
-#if defined(MAP_STACK) && !defined(__FreeBSD__) && !defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
-#define FIBER_STACK_FLAGS (MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON | MAP_STACK)
-#else
-#define FIBER_STACK_FLAGS (MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON)
-#endif
-
-static char*
-fiber_machine_stack_alloc(size_t size)
-{
-    char *ptr;
-
-    if (machine_stack_cache_index > 0) {
-	if (machine_stack_cache[machine_stack_cache_index - 1].size == (size / sizeof(VALUE))) {
-	    ptr = machine_stack_cache[machine_stack_cache_index - 1].ptr;
-	    machine_stack_cache_index--;
-	    machine_stack_cache[machine_stack_cache_index].ptr = NULL;
-	    machine_stack_cache[machine_stack_cache_index].size = 0;
-	}
-	else{
-            /* TODO handle multiple machine stack size */
-	    rb_bug("machine_stack_cache size is not canonicalized");
-	}
+    /* save old_fiber's machine stack - to ensure efficient garbage collection */
+    if (!FIBER_TERMINATED_P(old_fiber)) {
+        STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
+        SET_MACHINE_STACK_END(&th->ec->machine.stack_end);
+        if (STACK_DIR_UPPER(0, 1)) {
+            old_fiber->cont.machine.stack_size = th->ec->machine.stack_start - th->ec->machine.stack_end;
+            old_fiber->cont.machine.stack = th->ec->machine.stack_end;
+        }
+        else {
+            old_fiber->cont.machine.stack_size = th->ec->machine.stack_end - th->ec->machine.stack_start;
+            old_fiber->cont.machine.stack = th->ec->machine.stack_start;
+        }
     }
-    else {
-	void *page;
-	STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
 
-	ptr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, FIBER_STACK_FLAGS, -1, 0);
-	if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "can't alloc machine stack to fiber");
-	}
+    /* exchange machine_stack_start between old_fiber and new_fiber */
+    old_fiber->cont.saved_ec.machine.stack_start = th->ec->machine.stack_start;
 
-	/* guard page setup */
-	page = ptr + STACK_DIR_UPPER(size - RB_PAGE_SIZE, 0);
-	if (mprotect(page, RB_PAGE_SIZE, PROT_NONE) < 0) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "mprotect failed");
-	}
-    }
-
-    return ptr;
-}
-#endif
-
-static void
-fiber_initialize_machine_stack_context(rb_fiber_t *fib, size_t size)
-{
-    rb_thread_t *sth = &fib->cont.saved_thread;
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    fib->fib_handle = CreateFiberEx(size - 1, size, 0, fiber_entry, NULL);
-    if (!fib->fib_handle) {
-	/* try to release unnecessary fibers & retry to create */
-	rb_gc();
-	fib->fib_handle = CreateFiberEx(size - 1, size, 0, fiber_entry, NULL);
-	if (!fib->fib_handle) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "can't create fiber");
-	}
-    }
-    sth->machine_stack_maxsize = size;
-#else /* not WIN32 */
-    ucontext_t *context = &fib->context;
-    char *ptr;
-    STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
-
-    getcontext(context);
-    ptr = fiber_machine_stack_alloc(size);
-    context->uc_link = NULL;
-    context->uc_stack.ss_sp = ptr;
-    context->uc_stack.ss_size = size;
-    makecontext(context, rb_fiber_start, 0);
-    sth->machine_stack_start = (VALUE*)(ptr + STACK_DIR_UPPER(0, size));
-    sth->machine_stack_maxsize = size - RB_PAGE_SIZE;
-#endif
-#ifdef __ia64
-    sth->machine_register_stack_maxsize = sth->machine_stack_maxsize;
-#endif
-}
-
-NOINLINE(static void fiber_setcontext(rb_fiber_t *newfib, rb_fiber_t *oldfib));
-
-static void
-fiber_setcontext(rb_fiber_t *newfib, rb_fiber_t *oldfib)
-{
-    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD(), *sth = &newfib->cont.saved_thread;
-
-    if (newfib->status != RUNNING) {
-	fiber_initialize_machine_stack_context(newfib, FIBER_MACHINE_STACK_ALLOCATION_SIZE);
-    }
+    /* old_fiber->machine.stack_end should be NULL */
+    old_fiber->cont.saved_ec.machine.stack_end = NULL;
 
     /* restore thread context */
-    cont_restore_thread(&newfib->cont);
-    th->machine_stack_maxsize = sth->machine_stack_maxsize;
-    if (sth->machine_stack_end && (newfib != oldfib)) {
-	rb_bug("fiber_setcontext: sth->machine_stack_end has non zero value");
-    }
-
-    /* save  oldfib's machine stack */
-    if (oldfib->status != TERMINATED) {
-	STACK_GROW_DIR_DETECTION;
-	SET_MACHINE_STACK_END(&th->machine_stack_end);
-	if (STACK_DIR_UPPER(0, 1)) {
-	    oldfib->cont.machine_stack_size = th->machine_stack_start - th->machine_stack_end;
-	    oldfib->cont.machine_stack = th->machine_stack_end;
-	}
-	else {
-	    oldfib->cont.machine_stack_size = th->machine_stack_end - th->machine_stack_start;
-	    oldfib->cont.machine_stack = th->machine_stack_start;
-	}
-    }
-    /* exchange machine_stack_start between oldfib and newfib */
-    oldfib->cont.saved_thread.machine_stack_start = th->machine_stack_start;
-    th->machine_stack_start = sth->machine_stack_start;
-    /* oldfib->machine_stack_end should be NULL */
-    oldfib->cont.saved_thread.machine_stack_end = 0;
-#ifndef _WIN32
-    if (!newfib->context.uc_stack.ss_sp && th->root_fiber != newfib->cont.self) {
-	rb_bug("non_root_fiber->context.uc_stac.ss_sp should not be NULL");
-    }
-#endif
+    fiber_restore_thread(th, new_fiber);
+
+    // if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_setcontext: %p[%p] -> %p[%p]\n", old_fiber, old_fiber->stack.base, new_fiber, new_fiber->stack.base);
 
     /* swap machine context */
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    SwitchToFiber(newfib->fib_handle);
-#elif defined(__FreeBSD__) /* FreeBSD 9 doesn't work with swapcontext */
-    if (!ruby_setjmp(oldfib->cont.jmpbuf)) {
-	if (newfib->status != RUNNING) {
-	    if (setcontext(&newfib->context) < 0) {
-		rb_bug("context switch between fiber failed");
-	    }
-	}
-	else {
-	    ruby_longjmp(newfib->cont.jmpbuf, 1);
-	}
-    }
-#else
-    swapcontext(&oldfib->context, &newfib->context);
-#endif
+    coroutine_transfer(&old_fiber->context, &new_fiber->context);
+
+    // It's possible to get here, and new_fiber is already freed.
+    // if (DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "fiber_setcontext: %p[%p] <- %p[%p]\n", old_fiber, old_fiber->stack.base, new_fiber, new_fiber->stack.base);
 }
-#endif
 
 NOINLINE(NORETURN(static void cont_restore_1(rb_context_t *)));
 
@@ -684,126 +1376,81 @@ cont_restore_1(rb_context_t *cont)
     /* restore machine stack */
 #ifdef _M_AMD64
     {
-	/* workaround for x64 SEH */
-	jmp_buf buf;
-	setjmp(buf);
-	((_JUMP_BUFFER*)(&cont->jmpbuf))->Frame =
-	    ((_JUMP_BUFFER*)(&buf))->Frame;
+        /* workaround for x64 SEH */
+        jmp_buf buf;
+        setjmp(buf);
+        _JUMP_BUFFER *bp = (void*)&cont->jmpbuf;
+        bp->Frame = ((_JUMP_BUFFER*)((void*)&buf))->Frame;
     }
 #endif
-    if (cont->machine_stack_src) {
-	FLUSH_REGISTER_WINDOWS;
-	MEMCPY(cont->machine_stack_src, cont->machine_stack,
-		VALUE, cont->machine_stack_size);
+    if (cont->machine.stack_src) {
+        FLUSH_REGISTER_WINDOWS;
+        MEMCPY(cont->machine.stack_src, cont->machine.stack,
+               VALUE, cont->machine.stack_size);
     }
 
-#ifdef __ia64
-    if (cont->machine_register_stack_src) {
-	MEMCPY(cont->machine_register_stack_src, cont->machine_register_stack,
-	       VALUE, cont->machine_register_stack_size);
-    }
-#endif
-
     ruby_longjmp(cont->jmpbuf, 1);
 }
 
 NORETURN(NOINLINE(static void cont_restore_0(rb_context_t *, VALUE *)));
 
-#ifdef __ia64
-#define C(a) rse_##a##0, rse_##a##1, rse_##a##2, rse_##a##3, rse_##a##4
-#define E(a) rse_##a##0= rse_##a##1= rse_##a##2= rse_##a##3= rse_##a##4
-static volatile int C(a), C(b), C(c), C(d), C(e);
-static volatile int C(f), C(g), C(h), C(i), C(j);
-static volatile int C(k), C(l), C(m), C(n), C(o);
-static volatile int C(p), C(q), C(r), C(s), C(t);
-#if 0
-{/* the above lines make cc-mode.el confused so much */}
-#endif
-int rb_dummy_false = 0;
-NORETURN(NOINLINE(static void register_stack_extend(rb_context_t *, VALUE *, VALUE *)));
-static void
-register_stack_extend(rb_context_t *cont, VALUE *vp, VALUE *curr_bsp)
-{
-    if (rb_dummy_false) {
-        /* use registers as much as possible */
-        E(a) = E(b) = E(c) = E(d) = E(e) =
-        E(f) = E(g) = E(h) = E(i) = E(j) =
-        E(k) = E(l) = E(m) = E(n) = E(o) =
-        E(p) = E(q) = E(r) = E(s) = E(t) = 0;
-        E(a) = E(b) = E(c) = E(d) = E(e) =
-        E(f) = E(g) = E(h) = E(i) = E(j) =
-        E(k) = E(l) = E(m) = E(n) = E(o) =
-        E(p) = E(q) = E(r) = E(s) = E(t) = 0;
-    }
-    if (curr_bsp < cont->machine_register_stack_src+cont->machine_register_stack_size) {
-        register_stack_extend(cont, vp, (VALUE*)rb_ia64_bsp());
-    }
-    cont_restore_0(cont, vp);
-}
-#undef C
-#undef E
-#endif
-
 static void
 cont_restore_0(rb_context_t *cont, VALUE *addr_in_prev_frame)
 {
-    if (cont->machine_stack_src) {
+    if (cont->machine.stack_src) {
 #ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA
 #define STACK_PAD_SIZE 1
 #else
 #define STACK_PAD_SIZE 1024
 #endif
-	VALUE space[STACK_PAD_SIZE];
+        VALUE space[STACK_PAD_SIZE];
 
 #if !STACK_GROW_DIRECTION
-	if (addr_in_prev_frame > &space[0]) {
-	    /* Stack grows downward */
+        if (addr_in_prev_frame > &space[0]) {
+            /* Stack grows downward */
 #endif
 #if STACK_GROW_DIRECTION <= 0
-	    volatile VALUE *const end = cont->machine_stack_src;
-	    if (&space[0] > end) {
+            volatile VALUE *const end = cont->machine.stack_src;
+            if (&space[0] > end) {
 # ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA
-		volatile VALUE *sp = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, &space[0] - end);
-		space[0] = *sp;
+                volatile VALUE *sp = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, &space[0] - end);
+                space[0] = *sp;
 # else
-		cont_restore_0(cont, &space[0]);
+                cont_restore_0(cont, &space[0]);
 # endif
-	    }
+            }
 #endif
 #if !STACK_GROW_DIRECTION
-	}
-	else {
-	    /* Stack grows upward */
+        }
+        else {
+            /* Stack grows upward */
 #endif
 #if STACK_GROW_DIRECTION >= 0
-	    volatile VALUE *const end = cont->machine_stack_src + cont->machine_stack_size;
-	    if (&space[STACK_PAD_SIZE] < end) {
+            volatile VALUE *const end = cont->machine.stack_src + cont->machine.stack_size;
+            if (&space[STACK_PAD_SIZE] < end) {
 # ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA
-		volatile VALUE *sp = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, end - &space[STACK_PAD_SIZE]);
-		space[0] = *sp;
+                volatile VALUE *sp = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, end - &space[STACK_PAD_SIZE]);
+                space[0] = *sp;
 # else
-		cont_restore_0(cont, &space[STACK_PAD_SIZE-1]);
+                cont_restore_0(cont, &space[STACK_PAD_SIZE-1]);
 # endif
-	    }
+            }
 #endif
 #if !STACK_GROW_DIRECTION
-	}
+        }
 #endif
     }
     cont_restore_1(cont);
 }
-#ifdef __ia64
-#define cont_restore_0(cont, vp) register_stack_extend((cont), (vp), (VALUE*)rb_ia64_bsp());
-#endif
 
 /*
  *  Document-class: Continuation
  *
- *  Continuation objects are generated by <code>Kernel#callcc</code>,
- *  after having <code>require</code>d <i>continuation</i>. They hold
+ *  Continuation objects are generated by Kernel#callcc,
+ *  after having +require+d <i>continuation</i>. They hold
  *  a return address and execution context, allowing a nonlocal return
- *  to the end of the <code>callcc</code> block from anywhere within a
- *  program.  Continuations are somewhat analogous to a structured
+ *  to the end of the #callcc block from anywhere within a
+ *  program. Continuations are somewhat analogous to a structured
  *  version of C's <code>setjmp/longjmp</code> (although they contain
  *  more state, so you might consider them closer to threads).
  *
@@ -822,13 +1469,31 @@ cont_restore_0(rb_context_t *cont, VALUE *addr_in_prev_frame)
  *     Ron
  *     Max
  *
+ *  Also you can call callcc in other methods:
+ *
+ *     require "continuation"
+ *
+ *     def g
+ *       arr = [ "Freddie", "Herbie", "Ron", "Max", "Ringo" ]
+ *       cc = callcc { |cc| cc }
+ *       puts arr.shift
+ *       return cc, arr.size
+ *     end
+ *
+ *     def f
+ *       c, size = g
+ *       c.call(c) if size > 1
+ *     end
+ *
+ *     f
+ *
  *  This (somewhat contrived) example allows the inner loop to abandon
  *  processing early:
  *
  *     require "continuation"
  *     callcc {|cont|
  *       for i in 0..4
- *         print "\n#{i}: "
+ *         print "#{i}: "
  *         for j in i*5...(i+1)*5
  *           cont.call() if j == 17
  *           printf "%3d", j
@@ -849,15 +1514,15 @@ cont_restore_0(rb_context_t *cont, VALUE *addr_in_prev_frame)
  *  call-seq:
  *     callcc {|cont| block }   ->  obj
  *
- *  Generates a <code>Continuation</code> object, which it passes to
+ *  Generates a Continuation object, which it passes to
  *  the associated block. You need to <code>require
  *  'continuation'</code> before using this method. Performing a
- *  <em>cont</em><code>.call</code> will cause the <code>callcc</code>
+ *  <em>cont</em><code>.call</code> will cause the #callcc
  *  to return (as will falling through the end of the block). The
- *  value returned by the <code>callcc</code> is the value of the
+ *  value returned by the #callcc is the value of the
  *  block, or the value passed to <em>cont</em><code>.call</code>. See
- *  class <code>Continuation</code> for more details. Also see
- *  <code>Kernel::throw</code> for an alternative mechanism for
+ *  class Continuation for more details. Also see
+ *  Kernel#throw for an alternative mechanism for
  *  unwinding a call stack.
  */
 
@@ -868,36 +1533,115 @@ rb_callcc(VALUE self)
     volatile VALUE val = cont_capture(&called);
 
     if (called) {
-	return val;
+        return val;
     }
     else {
-	return rb_yield(val);
+        return rb_yield(val);
     }
 }
 
 static VALUE
-make_passing_arg(int argc, VALUE *argv)
+make_passing_arg(int argc, const VALUE *argv)
 {
-    switch(argc) {
+    switch (argc) {
+      case -1:
+        return argv[0];
       case 0:
-	return Qnil;
+        return Qnil;
       case 1:
-	return argv[0];
+        return argv[0];
       default:
-	return rb_ary_new4(argc, argv);
+        return rb_ary_new4(argc, argv);
+    }
+}
+
+typedef VALUE e_proc(VALUE);
+
+/* CAUTION!! : Currently, error in rollback_func is not supported  */
+/* same as rb_protect if set rollback_func to NULL */
+void
+ruby_register_rollback_func_for_ensure(e_proc *ensure_func, e_proc *rollback_func)
+{
+    st_table **table_p = &GET_VM()->ensure_rollback_table;
+    if (UNLIKELY(*table_p == NULL)) {
+        *table_p = st_init_numtable();
+    }
+    st_insert(*table_p, (st_data_t)ensure_func, (st_data_t)rollback_func);
+}
+
+static inline e_proc *
+lookup_rollback_func(e_proc *ensure_func)
+{
+    st_table *table = GET_VM()->ensure_rollback_table;
+    st_data_t val;
+    if (table && st_lookup(table, (st_data_t)ensure_func, &val))
+        return (e_proc *) val;
+    return (e_proc *) Qundef;
+}
+
+
+static inline void
+rollback_ensure_stack(VALUE self,rb_ensure_list_t *current,rb_ensure_entry_t *target)
+{
+    rb_ensure_list_t *p;
+    rb_ensure_entry_t *entry;
+    size_t i, j;
+    size_t cur_size;
+    size_t target_size;
+    size_t base_point;
+    e_proc *func;
+
+    cur_size = 0;
+    for (p=current; p; p=p->next)
+        cur_size++;
+    target_size = 0;
+    for (entry=target; entry->marker; entry++)
+        target_size++;
+
+    /* search common stack point */
+    p = current;
+    base_point = cur_size;
+    while (base_point) {
+        if (target_size >= base_point &&
+            p->entry.marker == target[target_size - base_point].marker)
+            break;
+        base_point --;
+        p = p->next;
+    }
+
+    /* rollback function check */
+    for (i=0; i < target_size - base_point; i++) {
+        if (!lookup_rollback_func(target[i].e_proc)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "continuation called from out of critical rb_ensure scope");
+        }
+    }
+    /* pop ensure stack */
+    while (cur_size > base_point) {
+        /* escape from ensure block */
+        (*current->entry.e_proc)(current->entry.data2);
+        current = current->next;
+        cur_size--;
+    }
+    /* push ensure stack */
+    for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+        func = lookup_rollback_func(target[i - j - 1].e_proc);
+        if ((VALUE)func != Qundef) {
+            (*func)(target[i - j - 1].data2);
+        }
     }
 }
 
+NORETURN(static VALUE rb_cont_call(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE contval));
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     cont.call(args, ...)
  *     cont[args, ...]
  *
- *  Invokes the continuation. The program continues from the end of the
- *  <code>callcc</code> block. If no arguments are given, the original
- *  <code>callcc</code> returns <code>nil</code>. If one argument is
- *  given, <code>callcc</code> returns it. Otherwise, an array
- *  containing <i>args</i> is returned.
+ *  Invokes the continuation. The program continues from the end of
+ *  the #callcc block. If no arguments are given, the original #callcc
+ *  returns +nil+. If one argument is given, #callcc returns
+ *  it. Otherwise, an array containing <i>args</i> is returned.
  *
  *     callcc {|cont|  cont.call }           #=> nil
  *     callcc {|cont|  cont.call 1 }         #=> 1
@@ -907,30 +1651,27 @@ make_passing_arg(int argc, VALUE *argv)
 static VALUE
 rb_cont_call(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE contval)
 {
-    rb_context_t *cont;
+    rb_context_t *cont = cont_ptr(contval);
     rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
-    GetContPtr(contval, cont);
 
-    if (cont->saved_thread.self != th->self) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "continuation called across threads");
+    if (cont_thread_value(cont) != th->self) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "continuation called across threads");
     }
-    if (cont->saved_thread.protect_tag != th->protect_tag) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "continuation called across stack rewinding barrier");
+    if (cont->saved_ec.protect_tag != th->ec->protect_tag) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "continuation called across stack rewinding barrier");
     }
-    if (cont->saved_thread.fiber) {
-	rb_fiber_t *fcont;
-	GetFiberPtr(cont->saved_thread.fiber, fcont);
-
-	if (th->fiber != cont->saved_thread.fiber) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "continuation called across fiber");
-	}
+    if (cont->saved_ec.fiber_ptr) {
+        if (th->ec->fiber_ptr != cont->saved_ec.fiber_ptr) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "continuation called across fiber");
+        }
     }
+    rollback_ensure_stack(contval, th->ec->ensure_list, cont->ensure_array);
 
     cont->argc = argc;
     cont->value = make_passing_arg(argc, argv);
 
     cont_restore_0(cont, &contval);
-    return Qnil; /* unreachable */
+    UNREACHABLE_RETURN(Qnil);
 }
 
 /*********/
@@ -947,14 +1688,15 @@ rb_cont_call(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE contval)
  *  the programmer and not the VM.
  *
  *  As opposed to other stackless light weight concurrency models, each fiber
- *  comes with a small 4KB stack. This enables the fiber to be paused from deeply
- *  nested function calls within the fiber block.
+ *  comes with a stack.  This enables the fiber to be paused from deeply
+ *  nested function calls within the fiber block.  See the ruby(1)
+ *  manpage to configure the size of the fiber stack(s).
  *
- *  When a fiber is created it will not run automatically. Rather it must be
- *  be explicitly asked to run using the <code>Fiber#resume</code> method.
+ *  When a fiber is created it will not run automatically. Rather it must
+ *  be explicitly asked to run using the Fiber#resume method.
  *  The code running inside the fiber can give up control by calling
- *  <code>Fiber.yield</code> in which case it yields control back to caller
- *  (the caller of the <code>Fiber#resume</code>).
+ *  Fiber.yield in which case it yields control back to caller (the
+ *  caller of the Fiber#resume).
  *
  *  Upon yielding or termination the Fiber returns the value of the last
  *  executed expression
@@ -976,10 +1718,10 @@ rb_cont_call(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE contval)
  *    2
  *    FiberError: dead fiber called
  *
- *  The <code>Fiber#resume</code> method accepts an arbitrary number of
- *  parameters, if it is the first call to <code>resume</code> then they
- *  will be passed as block arguments. Otherwise they will be the return
- *  value of the call to <code>Fiber.yield</code>
+ *  The Fiber#resume method accepts an arbitrary number of parameters,
+ *  if it is the first call to #resume then they will be passed as
+ *  block arguments. Otherwise they will be the return value of the
+ *  call to Fiber.yield
  *
  *  Example:
  *
@@ -988,22 +1730,43 @@ rb_cont_call(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE contval)
  *    end
  *
  *    puts fiber.resume 10
- *    puts fiber.resume 14
- *    puts fiber.resume 18
+ *    puts fiber.resume 1_000_000
+ *    puts fiber.resume "The fiber will be dead before I can cause trouble"
  *
  *  <em>produces</em>
  *
  *    12
- *    14
+ *    1000000
  *    FiberError: dead fiber called
  *
+ *  == Non-blocking Fibers
+ *
+ *  Since Ruby 3.0, the concept of <em>non-blocking fiber</em> was introduced.
+ *  Non-blocking fiber, when reaching any potentially blocking operation (like
+ *  sleep, wait for another process, wait for I/O data to be ready), instead
+ *  of just freezing itself and all execution in the thread, yields control
+ *  to other fibers, and allows the <em>scheduler</em> to handle waiting and waking
+ *  (resuming) the fiber when it can proceed.
+ *
+ *  For Fiber to behave as non-blocking, it should be created in Fiber.new with
+ *  <tt>blocking: false</tt> (which is the default now), and Fiber.scheduler
+ *  should be set with Fiber.set_scheduler. If Fiber.scheduler is not set in
+ *  the current thread, blocking and non-blocking fiber's behavior is identical.
+ *
+ *  Ruby doesn't provide a scheduler class: it is expected to be implemented by
+ *  the user and correspond to Fiber::SchedulerInterface.
+ *
+ *  There is also Fiber.schedule method, which is expected to immediately perform
+ *  passed block in a non-blocking manner (but its actual implementation is up to
+ *  the scheduler).
+ *
+ *
  */
 
-#define FIBER_VM_STACK_SIZE (4 * 1024)
-
 static const rb_data_type_t fiber_data_type = {
     "fiber",
-    {fiber_mark, fiber_free, fiber_memsize,},
+    {fiber_mark, fiber_free, fiber_memsize, fiber_compact,},
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
 };
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1013,356 +1776,669 @@ fiber_alloc(VALUE klass)
 }
 
 static rb_fiber_t*
-fiber_t_alloc(VALUE fibval)
+fiber_t_alloc(VALUE fiber_value, unsigned int blocking)
 {
-    rb_fiber_t *fib;
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber;
     rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
 
-    if (DATA_PTR(fibval) != 0) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "cannot initialize twice");
+    if (DATA_PTR(fiber_value) != 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "cannot initialize twice");
     }
 
     THREAD_MUST_BE_RUNNING(th);
-    fib = ALLOC(rb_fiber_t);
-    memset(fib, 0, sizeof(rb_fiber_t));
-    fib->cont.self = fibval;
-    fib->cont.type = FIBER_CONTEXT;
-    cont_init(&fib->cont, th);
-    fib->prev = Qnil;
-    fib->status = CREATED;
+    fiber = ZALLOC(rb_fiber_t);
+    fiber->cont.self = fiber_value;
+    fiber->cont.type = FIBER_CONTEXT;
+    fiber->blocking = blocking;
+    cont_init(&fiber->cont, th);
+
+    fiber->cont.saved_ec.fiber_ptr = fiber;
+    rb_ec_clear_vm_stack(&fiber->cont.saved_ec);
+
+    fiber->prev = NULL;
 
-    DATA_PTR(fibval) = fib;
+    /* fiber->status == 0 == CREATED
+     * So that we don't need to set status: fiber_status_set(fiber, FIBER_CREATED); */
+    VM_ASSERT(FIBER_CREATED_P(fiber));
 
-    return fib;
+    DATA_PTR(fiber_value) = fiber;
+
+    return fiber;
 }
 
 static VALUE
-fiber_init(VALUE fibval, VALUE proc)
+fiber_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE proc, struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool, unsigned int blocking)
 {
-    rb_fiber_t *fib = fiber_t_alloc(fibval);
-    rb_context_t *cont = &fib->cont;
-    rb_thread_t *th = &cont->saved_thread;
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = fiber_t_alloc(self, blocking);
+
+    fiber->first_proc = proc;
+    fiber->stack.base = NULL;
+    fiber->stack.pool = fiber_pool;
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static void
+fiber_prepare_stack(rb_fiber_t *fiber)
+{
+    rb_context_t *cont = &fiber->cont;
+    rb_execution_context_t *sec = &cont->saved_ec;
+
+    size_t vm_stack_size = 0;
+    VALUE *vm_stack = fiber_initialize_coroutine(fiber, &vm_stack_size);
 
     /* initialize cont */
-    cont->vm_stack = 0;
-
-    th->stack = 0;
-    th->stack_size = 0;
-
-    fiber_link_join(fib);
-
-    th->stack_size = FIBER_VM_STACK_SIZE;
-    th->stack = ALLOC_N(VALUE, th->stack_size);
-
-    th->cfp = (void *)(th->stack + th->stack_size);
-    th->cfp--;
-    th->cfp->pc = 0;
-    th->cfp->sp = th->stack + 1;
-    th->cfp->bp = 0;
-    th->cfp->lfp = th->stack;
-    *th->cfp->lfp = 0;
-    th->cfp->dfp = th->stack;
-    th->cfp->self = Qnil;
-    th->cfp->flag = 0;
-    th->cfp->iseq = 0;
-    th->cfp->proc = 0;
-    th->cfp->block_iseq = 0;
-    th->cfp->me = 0;
-    th->tag = 0;
-    th->local_storage = st_init_numtable();
-
-    th->first_proc = proc;
-
-#if !FIBER_USE_NATIVE
-    MEMCPY(&cont->jmpbuf, &th->root_jmpbuf, rb_jmpbuf_t, 1);
-#endif
+    cont->saved_vm_stack.ptr = NULL;
+    rb_ec_initialize_vm_stack(sec, vm_stack, vm_stack_size / sizeof(VALUE));
 
-    return fibval;
+    sec->tag = NULL;
+    sec->local_storage = NULL;
+    sec->local_storage_recursive_hash = Qnil;
+    sec->local_storage_recursive_hash_for_trace = Qnil;
+}
+
+static struct fiber_pool *
+rb_fiber_pool_default(VALUE pool)
+{
+    return &shared_fiber_pool;
 }
 
 /* :nodoc: */
 static VALUE
-rb_fiber_init(VALUE fibval)
+rb_fiber_initialize_kw(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self, int kw_splat)
+{
+    VALUE pool = Qnil;
+    VALUE blocking = Qfalse;
+
+    if (kw_splat != RB_NO_KEYWORDS) {
+        VALUE options = Qnil;
+        VALUE arguments[2] = {Qundef};
+
+        argc = rb_scan_args_kw(kw_splat, argc, argv, ":", &options);
+        rb_get_kwargs(options, fiber_initialize_keywords, 0, 2, arguments);
+
+        if (arguments[0] != Qundef) {
+            blocking = arguments[0];
+        }
+
+        if (arguments[1] != Qundef) {
+            pool = arguments[1];
+        }
+    }
+
+    return fiber_initialize(self, rb_block_proc(), rb_fiber_pool_default(pool), RTEST(blocking));
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     Fiber.new(blocking: false) { |*args| ... } -> fiber
+ *
+ *  Creates new Fiber. Initially, fiber is not running, but can be resumed with
+ *  #resume. Arguments to the first #resume call would be passed to the block:
+ *
+ *      f = Fiber.new do |initial|
+ *         current = initial
+ *         loop do
+ *           puts "current: #{current.inspect}"
+ *           current = Fiber.yield
+ *         end
+ *      end
+ *      f.resume(100)     # prints: current: 100
+ *      f.resume(1, 2, 3) # prints: current: [1, 2, 3]
+ *      f.resume          # prints: current: nil
+ *      # ... and so on ...
+ *
+ *  if <tt>blocking: false</tt> is passed to the <tt>Fiber.new</tt>, _and_ current thread
+ *  has Fiber.scheduler defined, the Fiber becomes non-blocking (see "Non-blocking
+ *  fibers" section in class docs).
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
 {
-    return fiber_init(fibval, rb_block_proc());
+    return rb_fiber_initialize_kw(argc, argv, self, rb_keyword_given_p());
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_fiber_new(VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS), VALUE obj)
+rb_fiber_new(rb_block_call_func_t func, VALUE obj)
 {
-    return fiber_init(fiber_alloc(rb_cFiber), rb_proc_new(func, obj));
+    return fiber_initialize(fiber_alloc(rb_cFiber), rb_proc_new(func, obj), rb_fiber_pool_default(Qnil), 1);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-return_fiber(void)
+rb_f_fiber_kw(int argc, VALUE* argv, int kw_splat)
 {
-    rb_fiber_t *fib;
-    VALUE curr = rb_fiber_current();
-    GetFiberPtr(curr, fib);
+    rb_thread_t * th = GET_THREAD();
+    VALUE scheduler = th->scheduler;
+    VALUE fiber = Qnil;
+
+    if (scheduler != Qnil) {
+        fiber = rb_funcall_passing_block_kw(scheduler, rb_intern("fiber"), argc, argv, kw_splat);
+    } else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "No scheduler is available!");
+    }
 
-    if (fib->prev == Qnil) {
-	rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
+    return fiber;
+}
 
-	if (th->root_fiber != curr) {
-	    return th->root_fiber;
-	}
-	else {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "can't yield from root fiber");
-	}
-    }
-    else {
-	VALUE prev = fib->prev;
-	fib->prev = Qnil;
-	return prev;
-    }
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     Fiber.schedule { |*args| ... } -> fiber
+ *
+ *  The method is <em>expected</em> to immediately run the provided block of code in a
+ *  separate non-blocking fiber.
+ *
+ *     puts "Go to sleep!"
+ *
+ *     Fiber.set_scheduler(MyScheduler.new)
+ *
+ *     Fiber.schedule do
+ *       puts "Going to sleep"
+ *       sleep(1)
+ *       puts "I slept well"
+ *     end
+ *
+ *     puts "Wakey-wakey, sleepyhead"
+ *
+ *  Assuming MyScheduler is properly implemented, this program will produce:
+ *
+ *     Go to sleep!
+ *     Going to sleep
+ *     Wakey-wakey, sleepyhead
+ *     ...1 sec pause here...
+ *     I slept well
+ *
+ *  ...e.g. on the first blocking operation inside the Fiber (<tt>sleep(1)</tt>),
+ *  the control is yielded at the outside code (main fiber), and <em>at the end
+ *  of the execution</em>, the scheduler takes care of properly resuming all the
+ *  blocked fibers.
+ *
+ *  Note that the behavior described above is how the method is <em>expected</em>
+ *  to behave, actual behavior is up to the current scheduler's implementation of
+ *  Fiber::SchedulerInterface#fiber method. Ruby doesn't enforce this method to
+ *  behave in any particular way.
+ *
+ *  If the scheduler is not set, the method raises
+ *  <tt>RuntimeError (No scheduler is available!)</tt>.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_f_fiber(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+    return rb_f_fiber_kw(argc, argv, rb_keyword_given_p());
 }
 
-VALUE rb_fiber_transfer(VALUE fib, int argc, VALUE *argv);
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     Fiber.scheduler -> obj or nil
+ *
+ *  Fiber scheduler, set in the current thread with Fiber.set_scheduler. If the scheduler
+ *  is +nil+ (which is the default), non-blocking fibers behavior is the same as blocking.
+ *  (see "Non-blocking fibers" section in class docs for details about the scheduler concept).
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_scheduler(VALUE klass)
+{
+    return rb_scheduler_get();
+}
 
-static void
-rb_fiber_terminate(rb_fiber_t *fib)
-{
-    VALUE value = fib->cont.value;
-    fib->status = TERMINATED;
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE && !defined(_WIN32)
-    /* Ruby must not switch to other thread until storing terminated_machine_stack */
-    terminated_machine_stack.ptr = fib->context.uc_stack.ss_sp;
-    terminated_machine_stack.size = fib->context.uc_stack.ss_size / sizeof(VALUE);
-    fib->context.uc_stack.ss_sp = NULL;
-    fib->cont.machine_stack = NULL;
-    fib->cont.machine_stack_size = 0;
-#endif
-    rb_fiber_transfer(return_fiber(), 1, &value);
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     Fiber.set_scheduler(scheduler) -> scheduler
+ *
+ *  Sets Fiber scheduler for the current thread. If the scheduler is set, non-blocking
+ *  fibers (created by Fiber.new with <tt>blocking: false</tt>, or by Fiber.schedule)
+ *  call that scheduler's hook methods on potentially blocking operations, and the current
+ *  thread will call scheduler's +close+ method on finalization (allowing the scheduler to
+ *  properly manage all non-finished fibers).
+ *
+ *  +scheduler+ can be an object of any class corresponding to Fiber::SchedulerInterface. Its
+ *  implementation is up to the user.
+ *
+ *  See also the "Non-blocking fibers" section in class docs.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_set_scheduler(VALUE klass, VALUE scheduler)
+{
+    // if (rb_scheduler_get() != Qnil) {
+    //     rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "Scheduler is already defined!");
+    // }
+
+    return rb_scheduler_set(scheduler);
 }
 
+NORETURN(static void rb_fiber_terminate(rb_fiber_t *fiber, int need_interrupt));
+
 void
 rb_fiber_start(void)
 {
-    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
-    rb_fiber_t *fib;
-    rb_context_t *cont;
+    rb_thread_t * volatile th = GET_THREAD();
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
     rb_proc_t *proc;
-    int state;
+    enum ruby_tag_type state;
+    int need_interrupt = TRUE;
 
-    GetFiberPtr(th->fiber, fib);
-    cont = &fib->cont;
+    VM_ASSERT(th->ec == GET_EC());
+    VM_ASSERT(FIBER_RESUMED_P(fiber));
 
-    TH_PUSH_TAG(th);
-    if ((state = EXEC_TAG()) == 0) {
-	int argc;
-	VALUE *argv, args;
-	GetProcPtr(cont->saved_thread.first_proc, proc);
-	args = cont->value;
-	argv = (argc = cont->argc) > 1 ? RARRAY_PTR(args) : &args;
-	cont->value = Qnil;
-	th->errinfo = Qnil;
-	th->local_lfp = proc->block.lfp;
-	th->local_svar = Qnil;
+    if (fiber->blocking) {
+        th->blocking += 1;
+    }
 
-	fib->status = RUNNING;
-	cont->value = rb_vm_invoke_proc(th, proc, proc->block.self, argc, argv, 0);
+    EC_PUSH_TAG(th->ec);
+    if ((state = EC_EXEC_TAG()) == TAG_NONE) {
+        rb_context_t *cont = &VAR_FROM_MEMORY(fiber)->cont;
+        int argc;
+        const VALUE *argv, args = cont->value;
+        GetProcPtr(fiber->first_proc, proc);
+        argv = (argc = cont->argc) > 1 ? RARRAY_CONST_PTR(args) : &args;
+        cont->value = Qnil;
+        th->ec->errinfo = Qnil;
+        th->ec->root_lep = rb_vm_proc_local_ep(fiber->first_proc);
+        th->ec->root_svar = Qfalse;
+
+        EXEC_EVENT_HOOK(th->ec, RUBY_EVENT_FIBER_SWITCH, th->self, 0, 0, 0, Qnil);
+        cont->value = rb_vm_invoke_proc(th->ec, proc, argc, argv, cont->kw_splat, VM_BLOCK_HANDLER_NONE);
     }
-    TH_POP_TAG();
+    EC_POP_TAG();
 
     if (state) {
-	if (state == TAG_RAISE) {
-	    th->thrown_errinfo = th->errinfo;
-	}
-	else {
-	    th->thrown_errinfo =
-	      rb_vm_make_jump_tag_but_local_jump(state, th->errinfo);
-	}
-	RUBY_VM_SET_INTERRUPT(th);
+        VALUE err = th->ec->errinfo;
+        VM_ASSERT(FIBER_RESUMED_P(fiber));
+
+        if (state == TAG_RAISE || state == TAG_FATAL) {
+            rb_threadptr_pending_interrupt_enque(th, err);
+        }
+        else {
+            err = rb_vm_make_jump_tag_but_local_jump(state, err);
+            if (!NIL_P(err)) {
+                rb_threadptr_pending_interrupt_enque(th, err);
+            }
+        }
+        need_interrupt = TRUE;
     }
 
-    rb_fiber_terminate(fib);
-    rb_bug("rb_fiber_start: unreachable");
+    rb_fiber_terminate(fiber, need_interrupt);
+    VM_UNREACHABLE(rb_fiber_start);
 }
 
 static rb_fiber_t *
 root_fiber_alloc(rb_thread_t *th)
 {
-    rb_fiber_t *fib;
-    /* no need to allocate vm stack */
-    fib = fiber_t_alloc(fiber_alloc(rb_cFiber));
-    fib->cont.type = ROOT_FIBER_CONTEXT;
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    fib->fib_handle = ConvertThreadToFiber(0);
-#endif
+    VALUE fiber_value = fiber_alloc(rb_cFiber);
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
+
+    VM_ASSERT(DATA_PTR(fiber_value) == NULL);
+    VM_ASSERT(fiber->cont.type == FIBER_CONTEXT);
+    VM_ASSERT(fiber->status == FIBER_RESUMED);
+
+    th->root_fiber = fiber;
+    DATA_PTR(fiber_value) = fiber;
+    fiber->cont.self = fiber_value;
+
+#ifdef COROUTINE_PRIVATE_STACK
+    fiber->stack = fiber_pool_stack_acquire(&shared_fiber_pool);
+    coroutine_initialize_main(&fiber->context, fiber_pool_stack_base(&fiber->stack), fiber->stack.available, th->ec->machine.stack_start);
+#else
+    coroutine_initialize_main(&fiber->context);
 #endif
-    fib->status = RUNNING;
-    fib->prev_fiber = fib->next_fiber = fib;
 
-    return fib;
+    return fiber;
 }
 
-VALUE
-rb_fiber_current(void)
+void
+rb_threadptr_root_fiber_setup(rb_thread_t *th)
 {
-    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
-    if (th->fiber == 0) {
-	/* save root */
-	rb_fiber_t *fib = root_fiber_alloc(th);
-	th->root_fiber = th->fiber = fib->cont.self;
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = ruby_mimmalloc(sizeof(rb_fiber_t));
+    if (!fiber) {
+        rb_bug("%s", strerror(errno)); /* ... is it possible to call rb_bug here? */
     }
-    return th->fiber;
+    MEMZERO(fiber, rb_fiber_t, 1);
+    fiber->cont.type = FIBER_CONTEXT;
+    fiber->cont.saved_ec.fiber_ptr = fiber;
+    fiber->cont.saved_ec.thread_ptr = th;
+    fiber->blocking = 1;
+    fiber_status_set(fiber, FIBER_RESUMED); /* skip CREATED */
+    th->ec = &fiber->cont.saved_ec;
+    // This skips mjit_cont_new for the initial thread because mjit_enabled is always false
+    // at this point. mjit_init calls rb_fiber_init_mjit_cont again for this root_fiber.
+    rb_fiber_init_mjit_cont(fiber);
 }
 
-static VALUE
-fiber_store(rb_fiber_t *next_fib)
+void
+rb_threadptr_root_fiber_release(rb_thread_t *th)
 {
-    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
-    rb_fiber_t *fib;
+    if (th->root_fiber) {
+        /* ignore. A root fiber object will free th->ec */
+    }
+    else {
+        rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
+
+        VM_ASSERT(th->ec->fiber_ptr->cont.type == FIBER_CONTEXT);
+        VM_ASSERT(th->ec->fiber_ptr->cont.self == 0);
 
-    if (th->fiber) {
-	GetFiberPtr(th->fiber, fib);
-	cont_save_thread(&fib->cont, th);
+        if (th->ec == ec) {
+            rb_ractor_set_current_ec(th->ractor, NULL);
+        }
+        fiber_free(th->ec->fiber_ptr);
+        th->ec = NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+rb_threadptr_root_fiber_terminate(rb_thread_t *th)
+{
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
+
+    fiber->status = FIBER_TERMINATED;
+
+    // The vm_stack is `alloca`ed on the thread stack, so it's gone too:
+    rb_ec_clear_vm_stack(th->ec);
+}
+
+static inline rb_fiber_t*
+fiber_current(void)
+{
+    rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
+    if (ec->fiber_ptr->cont.self == 0) {
+        root_fiber_alloc(rb_ec_thread_ptr(ec));
+    }
+    return ec->fiber_ptr;
+}
+
+static inline rb_fiber_t*
+return_fiber(bool terminate)
+{
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = fiber_current();
+    rb_fiber_t *prev = fiber->prev;
+
+    if (prev) {
+        fiber->prev = NULL;
+        prev->resuming_fiber = Qnil;
+        return prev;
     }
     else {
-	/* create current fiber */
-	fib = root_fiber_alloc(th);
-	th->root_fiber = th->fiber = fib->cont.self;
+        if (!terminate) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "attempt to yield on a not resumed fiber");
+        }
+
+        rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
+        rb_fiber_t *root_fiber = th->root_fiber;
+
+        VM_ASSERT(root_fiber != NULL);
+
+        // search resuming fiber
+        for (fiber = root_fiber;
+             RTEST(fiber->resuming_fiber);
+             fiber = fiber_ptr(fiber->resuming_fiber)) {
+        }
+
+        return fiber;
     }
+}
 
-#if !FIBER_USE_NATIVE
-    cont_save_machine_stack(th, &fib->cont);
+VALUE
+rb_fiber_current(void)
+{
+    return fiber_current()->cont.self;
+}
 
-    if (ruby_setjmp(fib->cont.jmpbuf)) {
-#else /* FIBER_USE_NATIVE */
-    {
-	fiber_setcontext(next_fib, fib);
-#ifndef _WIN32
-	if (terminated_machine_stack.ptr) {
-	    if (machine_stack_cache_index < MAX_MAHINE_STACK_CACHE) {
-		machine_stack_cache[machine_stack_cache_index].ptr = terminated_machine_stack.ptr;
-		machine_stack_cache[machine_stack_cache_index].size = terminated_machine_stack.size;
-		machine_stack_cache_index++;
-	    }
-	    else {
-		if (terminated_machine_stack.ptr != fib->cont.machine_stack) {
-		    munmap((void*)terminated_machine_stack.ptr, terminated_machine_stack.size * sizeof(VALUE));
-		}
-		else {
-		    rb_bug("terminated fiber resumed");
-		}
-	    }
-	    terminated_machine_stack.ptr = NULL;
-	    terminated_machine_stack.size = 0;
-	}
-#endif
-#endif
-	/* restored */
-	GetFiberPtr(th->fiber, fib);
-	if (fib->cont.argc == -1) rb_exc_raise(fib->cont.value);
-	return fib->cont.value;
+// Prepare to execute next_fiber on the given thread.
+static inline VALUE
+fiber_store(rb_fiber_t *next_fiber, rb_thread_t *th)
+{
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber;
+
+    if (th->ec->fiber_ptr != NULL) {
+        fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
     }
-#if !FIBER_USE_NATIVE
     else {
-	return Qundef;
+        /* create root fiber */
+        fiber = root_fiber_alloc(th);
     }
-#endif
+
+    if (FIBER_CREATED_P(next_fiber)) {
+        fiber_prepare_stack(next_fiber);
+    }
+
+    VM_ASSERT(FIBER_RESUMED_P(fiber) || FIBER_TERMINATED_P(fiber));
+    VM_ASSERT(FIBER_RUNNABLE_P(next_fiber));
+
+    if (FIBER_RESUMED_P(fiber)) fiber_status_set(fiber, FIBER_SUSPENDED);
+
+    fiber_status_set(next_fiber, FIBER_RESUMED);
+    fiber_setcontext(next_fiber, fiber);
+
+    fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
+
+    /* Raise an exception if that was the result of executing the fiber */
+    if (fiber->cont.argc == -1) rb_exc_raise(fiber->cont.value);
+
+    return fiber->cont.value;
 }
 
 static inline VALUE
-fiber_switch(VALUE fibval, int argc, VALUE *argv, int is_resume)
+fiber_switch(rb_fiber_t *fiber, int argc, const VALUE *argv, int kw_splat, VALUE resuming_fiber, bool yielding)
 {
     VALUE value;
-    rb_fiber_t *fib;
-    rb_context_t *cont;
+    rb_context_t *cont = &fiber->cont;
     rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
 
-    GetFiberPtr(fibval, fib);
-    cont = &fib->cont;
-
-    if (cont->saved_thread.self != th->self) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "fiber called across threads");
-    }
-    else if (cont->saved_thread.protect_tag != th->protect_tag) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "fiber called across stack rewinding barrier");
-    }
-    else if (fib->status == TERMINATED) {
-	value = rb_exc_new2(rb_eFiberError, "dead fiber called");
-	if (th->fiber != fibval) {
-	    GetFiberPtr(th->fiber, fib);
-	    if (fib->status != TERMINATED) rb_exc_raise(value);
-	    fibval = th->root_fiber;
-	}
-	else {
-	    fibval = fib->prev;
-	    if (NIL_P(fibval)) fibval = th->root_fiber;
-	}
-	GetFiberPtr(fibval, fib);
-	cont = &fib->cont;
-	cont->argc = -1;
-	cont->value = value;
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE
-	{
-	    VALUE oldfibval;
-	    rb_fiber_t *oldfib;
-	    oldfibval = rb_fiber_current();
-	    GetFiberPtr(oldfibval, oldfib);
-	    fiber_setcontext(fib, oldfib);
-	}
-#else
-	cont_restore_0(cont, &value);
-#endif
+    /* make sure the root_fiber object is available */
+    if (th->root_fiber == NULL) root_fiber_alloc(th);
+
+    if (th->ec->fiber_ptr == fiber) {
+        /* ignore fiber context switch
+         * because destination fiber is same as current fiber
+         */
+        return make_passing_arg(argc, argv);
+    }
+
+    if (cont_thread_value(cont) != th->self) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "fiber called across threads");
+    }
+    else if (cont->saved_ec.protect_tag != th->ec->protect_tag) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "fiber called across stack rewinding barrier");
+    }
+    else if (FIBER_TERMINATED_P(fiber)) {
+        value = rb_exc_new2(rb_eFiberError, "dead fiber called");
+
+        if (!FIBER_TERMINATED_P(th->ec->fiber_ptr)) {
+            rb_exc_raise(value);
+            VM_UNREACHABLE(fiber_switch);
+        }
+        else {
+            /* th->ec->fiber_ptr is also dead => switch to root fiber */
+            /* (this means we're being called from rb_fiber_terminate, */
+            /* and the terminated fiber's return_fiber() is already dead) */
+            VM_ASSERT(FIBER_SUSPENDED_P(th->root_fiber));
+
+            cont = &th->root_fiber->cont;
+            cont->argc = -1;
+            cont->value = value;
+
+            fiber_setcontext(th->root_fiber, th->ec->fiber_ptr);
+
+            VM_UNREACHABLE(fiber_switch);
+        }
+    }
+
+    VM_ASSERT(FIBER_RUNNABLE_P(fiber));
+
+    rb_fiber_t *current_fiber = fiber_current();
+
+    VM_ASSERT(!RTEST(current_fiber->resuming_fiber));
+    if (RTEST(resuming_fiber)) {
+        current_fiber->resuming_fiber = resuming_fiber;
+        fiber->prev = fiber_current();
+        fiber->yielding = 0;
     }
 
-    if (is_resume) {
-	fib->prev = rb_fiber_current();
+    VM_ASSERT(!current_fiber->yielding);
+    if (yielding) {
+        current_fiber->yielding = 1;
+    }
+
+    if (current_fiber->blocking) {
+        th->blocking -= 1;
     }
 
     cont->argc = argc;
+    cont->kw_splat = kw_splat;
     cont->value = make_passing_arg(argc, argv);
 
-    value = fiber_store(fib);
-#if !FIBER_USE_NATIVE
-    if (value == Qundef) {
-	cont_restore_0(cont, &value);
-	rb_bug("rb_fiber_resume: unreachable");
+    value = fiber_store(fiber, th);
+
+    if (RTEST(resuming_fiber) && FIBER_TERMINATED_P(fiber)) {
+        fiber_stack_release(fiber);
     }
-#endif
-    RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS();
+
+    if (fiber_current()->blocking) {
+        th->blocking += 1;
+    }
+
+    RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS(th->ec);
+
+    EXEC_EVENT_HOOK(th->ec, RUBY_EVENT_FIBER_SWITCH, th->self, 0, 0, 0, Qnil);
 
     return value;
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_fiber_transfer(VALUE fib, int argc, VALUE *argv)
+rb_fiber_transfer(VALUE fiber_value, int argc, const VALUE *argv)
 {
-    return fiber_switch(fib, argc, argv, 0);
+    return fiber_switch(fiber_ptr(fiber_value), argc, argv, RB_NO_KEYWORDS, Qfalse, false);
 }
 
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     fiber.blocking? -> true or false
+ *
+ *  Returns +true+ if +fiber+ is blocking and +false+ otherwise.
+ *  Fiber is non-blocking if it was created via passing <tt>blocking: false</tt>
+ *  to Fiber.new, or via Fiber.schedule.
+ *
+ *  Note, that even if the method returns +false+, Fiber behaves differently
+ *  only if Fiber.scheduler is set in the current thread.
+ *
+ *  See the "Non-blocking fibers" section in class docs for details.
+ *
+ */
 VALUE
-rb_fiber_resume(VALUE fibval, int argc, VALUE *argv)
+rb_fiber_blocking_p(VALUE fiber)
+{
+    return (fiber_ptr(fiber)->blocking == 0) ? Qfalse : Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     Fiber.blocking? -> false or number
+ *
+ *  Returns +false+ if the current fiber is non-blocking.
+ *  Fiber is non-blocking if it was created via passing <tt>blocking: false</tt>
+ *  to Fiber.new, or via Fiber.schedule.
+ *
+ *  If the current Fiber is blocking, the method, unlike usual
+ *  predicate methods, returns a *number* of blocking fibers currently
+ *  running (TBD: always 1?).
+ *
+ *  Note, that even if the method returns +false+, Fiber behaves differently
+ *  only if Fiber.scheduler is set in the current thread.
+ *
+ *  See the "Non-blocking fibers" section in class docs for details.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_f_fiber_blocking_p(VALUE klass)
+{
+    rb_thread_t *thread = GET_THREAD();
+    unsigned blocking = thread->blocking;
+
+    if (blocking == 0)
+        return Qfalse;
+
+    return INT2NUM(blocking);
+}
+
+void
+rb_fiber_close(rb_fiber_t *fiber)
+{
+    fiber_status_set(fiber, FIBER_TERMINATED);
+}
+
+static void
+rb_fiber_terminate(rb_fiber_t *fiber, int need_interrupt)
 {
-    rb_fiber_t *fib;
-    GetFiberPtr(fibval, fib);
+    VALUE value = fiber->cont.value;
+    rb_fiber_t *next_fiber;
 
-    if (fib->prev != Qnil || fib->cont.type == ROOT_FIBER_CONTEXT) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "double resume");
+    VM_ASSERT(FIBER_RESUMED_P(fiber));
+    rb_fiber_close(fiber);
+
+    coroutine_destroy(&fiber->context);
+
+    fiber->cont.machine.stack = NULL;
+    fiber->cont.machine.stack_size = 0;
+
+    next_fiber = return_fiber(true);
+    if (need_interrupt) RUBY_VM_SET_INTERRUPT(&next_fiber->cont.saved_ec);
+    fiber_switch(next_fiber, 1, &value, RB_NO_KEYWORDS, Qfalse, false);
+    ruby_stop(0);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_fiber_resume_kw(VALUE fiber_value, int argc, const VALUE *argv, int kw_splat)
+{
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = fiber_ptr(fiber_value);
+    rb_fiber_t *current_fiber = fiber_current();
+
+    if (argc == -1 && FIBER_CREATED_P(fiber)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "cannot raise exception on unborn fiber");
+    }
+    else if (FIBER_TERMINATED_P(fiber)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "attempt to resume a terminated fiber");
+    }
+    else if (fiber == current_fiber) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "attempt to resume the current fiber");
+    }
+    else if (fiber->prev != NULL) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "attempt to resume a resumed fiber (double resume)");
+    }
+    else if (RTEST(fiber->resuming_fiber)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "attempt to resume a resuming fiber");
+    }
+    else if (fiber->prev == NULL &&
+             (!fiber->yielding && fiber->status != FIBER_CREATED)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "attempt to resume a transferring fiber");
     }
 
-    return fiber_switch(fibval, argc, argv, 1);
+    return fiber_switch(fiber, argc, argv, kw_splat, fiber_value, false);
 }
 
 VALUE
-rb_fiber_yield(int argc, VALUE *argv)
+rb_fiber_resume(VALUE fiber_value, int argc, const VALUE *argv)
 {
-    return rb_fiber_transfer(return_fiber(), argc, argv);
+    return rb_fiber_resume_kw(fiber_value, argc, argv, RB_NO_KEYWORDS);
 }
 
-void
-rb_fiber_reset_root_local_storage(VALUE thval)
+VALUE
+rb_fiber_yield_kw(int argc, const VALUE *argv, int kw_splat)
 {
-    rb_thread_t *th;
-    rb_fiber_t	*fib;
+    return fiber_switch(return_fiber(false), argc, argv, kw_splat, Qfalse, true);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_fiber_yield(int argc, const VALUE *argv)
+{
+    return fiber_switch(return_fiber(false), argc, argv, RB_NO_KEYWORDS, Qfalse, true);
+}
 
-    GetThreadPtr(thval, th);
-    if (th->root_fiber && th->root_fiber != th->fiber) {
-	GetFiberPtr(th->root_fiber, fib);
-	th->local_storage = fib->cont.saved_thread.local_storage;
+void
+rb_fiber_reset_root_local_storage(rb_thread_t *th)
+{
+    if (th->root_fiber && th->root_fiber != th->ec->fiber_ptr) {
+        th->ec->local_storage = th->root_fiber->cont.saved_ec.local_storage;
     }
 }
 
@@ -1376,32 +2452,146 @@ rb_fiber_reset_root_local_storage(VALUE thval)
  *  before using this method.
  */
 VALUE
-rb_fiber_alive_p(VALUE fibval)
+rb_fiber_alive_p(VALUE fiber_value)
 {
-    rb_fiber_t *fib;
-    GetFiberPtr(fibval, fib);
-    return fib->status != TERMINATED ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+    return FIBER_TERMINATED_P(fiber_ptr(fiber_value)) ? Qfalse : Qtrue;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     fiber.resume(args, ...) -> obj
  *
- *  Resumes the fiber from the point at which the last <code>Fiber.yield</code>
- *  was called, or starts running it if it is the first call to
- *  <code>resume</code>. Arguments passed to resume will be the value of
- *  the <code>Fiber.yield</code> expression or will be passed as block
- *  parameters to the fiber's block if this is the first <code>resume</code>.
+ *  Resumes the fiber from the point at which the last Fiber.yield was
+ *  called, or starts running it if it is the first call to
+ *  #resume. Arguments passed to resume will be the value of the
+ *  Fiber.yield expression or will be passed as block parameters to
+ *  the fiber's block if this is the first #resume.
  *
  *  Alternatively, when resume is called it evaluates to the arguments passed
- *  to the next <code>Fiber.yield</code> statement inside the fiber's block
+ *  to the next Fiber.yield statement inside the fiber's block
  *  or to the block value if it runs to completion without any
- *  <code>Fiber.yield</code>
+ *  Fiber.yield
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_m_resume(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE fiber)
+{
+    return rb_fiber_resume_kw(fiber, argc, argv, rb_keyword_given_p());
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_fiber_transfer_kw(VALUE fiber_value, int argc, VALUE *argv, int kw_splat);
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     fiber.raise                                 -> obj
+ *     fiber.raise(string)                         -> obj
+ *     fiber.raise(exception [, string [, array]]) -> obj
+ *
+ *  Raises an exception in the fiber at the point at which the last
+ *  +Fiber.yield+ was called. If the fiber has not been started or has
+ *  already run to completion, raises +FiberError+. If the fiber is
+ *  yielding, it is resumed. If it is transferring, it is transferred into.
+ *  But if it is resuming, raises +FiberError+.
+ *
+ *  With no arguments, raises a +RuntimeError+. With a single +String+
+ *  argument, raises a +RuntimeError+ with the string as a message.  Otherwise,
+ *  the first parameter should be the name of an +Exception+ class (or an
+ *  object that returns an +Exception+ object when sent an +exception+
+ *  message). The optional second parameter sets the message associated with
+ *  the exception, and the third parameter is an array of callback information.
+ *  Exceptions are caught by the +rescue+ clause of <code>begin...end</code>
+ *  blocks.
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_raise(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE fiber_value)
+{
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = fiber_ptr(fiber_value);
+    VALUE exc = rb_make_exception(argc, argv);
+    if (RTEST(fiber->resuming_fiber)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "attempt to raise a resuming fiber");
+    }
+    else if (FIBER_SUSPENDED_P(fiber) && !fiber->yielding) {
+        return rb_fiber_transfer_kw(fiber_value, -1, &exc, RB_NO_KEYWORDS);
+    }
+    else {
+        return rb_fiber_resume_kw(fiber_value, -1, &exc, RB_NO_KEYWORDS);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     fiber.backtrace -> array
+ *     fiber.backtrace(start) -> array
+ *     fiber.backtrace(start, count) -> array
+ *     fiber.backtrace(start..end) -> array
+ *
+ *  Returns the current execution stack of the fiber. +start+, +count+ and +end+ allow
+ *  to select only parts of the backtrace.
+ *
+ *     def level3
+ *       Fiber.yield
+ *     end
+ *
+ *     def level2
+ *       level3
+ *     end
+ *
+ *     def level1
+ *       level2
+ *     end
+ *
+ *     f = Fiber.new { level1 }
+ *
+ *     # It is empty before the fiber started
+ *     f.backtrace
+ *     #=> []
+ *
+ *     f.resume
+ *
+ *     f.backtrace
+ *     #=> ["test.rb:2:in `yield'", "test.rb:2:in `level3'", "test.rb:6:in `level2'", "test.rb:10:in `level1'", "test.rb:13:in `block in <main>'"]
+ *     p f.backtrace(1) # start from the item 1
+ *     #=> ["test.rb:2:in `level3'", "test.rb:6:in `level2'", "test.rb:10:in `level1'", "test.rb:13:in `block in <main>'"]
+ *     p f.backtrace(2, 2) # start from item 2, take 2
+ *     #=> ["test.rb:6:in `level2'", "test.rb:10:in `level1'"]
+ *     p f.backtrace(1..3) # take items from 1 to 3
+ *     #=> ["test.rb:2:in `level3'", "test.rb:6:in `level2'", "test.rb:10:in `level1'"]
+ *
+ *     f.resume
+ *
+ *     # It is nil after the fiber is finished
+ *     f.backtrace
+ *     #=> nil
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_backtrace(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE fiber)
+{
+    return rb_vm_backtrace(argc, argv, &fiber_ptr(fiber)->cont.saved_ec);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     fiber.backtrace_locations -> array
+ *     fiber.backtrace_locations(start) -> array
+ *     fiber.backtrace_locations(start, count) -> array
+ *     fiber.backtrace_locations(start..end) -> array
+ *
+ *  Like #backtrace, but returns each line of the execution stack as a
+ *  Thread::Backtrace::Location. Accepts the same arguments as #backtrace.
+ *
+ *    f = Fiber.new { Fiber.yield }
+ *    f.resume
+ *    loc = f.backtrace_locations.first
+ *    loc.label  #=> "yield"
+ *    loc.path   #=> "test.rb"
+ *    loc.lineno #=> 1
+ *
+ *
  */
 static VALUE
-rb_fiber_m_resume(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE fib)
+rb_fiber_backtrace_locations(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE fiber)
 {
-    return rb_fiber_resume(fib, argc, argv);
+    return rb_vm_backtrace_locations(argc, argv, &fiber_ptr(fiber)->cont.saved_ec);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1411,21 +2601,101 @@ rb_fiber_m_resume(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE fib)
  *  Transfer control to another fiber, resuming it from where it last
  *  stopped or starting it if it was not resumed before. The calling
  *  fiber will be suspended much like in a call to
- *  <code>Fiber.yield</code>. You need to <code>require 'fiber'</code>
+ *  Fiber.yield. You need to <code>require 'fiber'</code>
  *  before using this method.
  *
  *  The fiber which receives the transfer call is treats it much like
  *  a resume call. Arguments passed to transfer are treated like those
  *  passed to resume.
  *
- *  You cannot resume a fiber that transferred control to another one.
- *  This will cause a double resume error. You need to transfer control
- *  back to this fiber before it can yield and resume.
+ *  The two style of control passing to and from fiber (one is #resume and
+ *  Fiber::yield, another is #transfer to and from fiber) can't be freely
+ *  mixed.
+ *
+ *  * If the Fiber's lifecycle had started with transfer, it will never
+ *    be able to yield or be resumed control passing, only
+ *    finish or transfer back. (It still can resume other fibers that
+ *    are allowed to be resumed.)
+ *  * If the Fiber's lifecycle had started with resume, it can yield
+ *    or transfer to another Fiber, but can receive control back only
+ *    the way compatible with the way it was given away: if it had
+ *    transferred, it only can be transferred back, and if it had
+ *    yielded, it only can be resumed back. After that, it again can
+ *    transfer or yield.
+ *
+ *  If those rules are broken FiberError is raised.
+ *
+ *  For an individual Fiber design, yield/resume is more easy to use
+ *  style (the Fiber just gives away control, it doesn't need to think
+ *  about who the control is given to), while transfer is more flexible
+ *  for complex cases, allowing to build arbitrary graphs of Fibers
+ *  dependent on each other.
+ *
+ *
+ *  Example:
+ *
+ *     require 'fiber'
+ *
+ *     manager = nil # For local var to be visible inside worker block
+ *
+ *     # This fiber would be started with transfer
+ *     # It can't yield, and can't be resumed
+ *     worker = Fiber.new { |work|
+ *       puts "Worker: starts"
+ *       puts "Worker: Performed #{work.inspect}, transferring back"
+ *       # Fiber.yield     # this would raise FiberError: attempt to yield on a not resumed fiber
+ *       # manager.resume  # this would raise FiberError: attempt to resume a resumed fiber (double resume)
+ *       manager.transfer(work.capitalize)
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     # This fiber would be started with resume
+ *     # It can yield or transfer, and can be transferred
+ *     # back or resumed
+ *     manager = Fiber.new {
+ *       puts "Manager: starts"
+ *       puts "Manager: transferring 'something' to worker"
+ *       result = worker.transfer('something')
+ *       puts "Manager: worker returned #{result.inspect}"
+ *       # worker.resume    # this would raise FiberError: attempt to resume a transferring fiber
+ *       Fiber.yield        # this is OK, the fiber transferred from and to, now it can yield
+ *       puts "Manager: finished"
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     puts "Starting the manager"
+ *     manager.resume
+ *     puts "Resuming the manager"
+ *     # manager.transfer  # this would raise FiberError: attempt to transfer to a yielding fiber
+ *     manager.resume
+ *
+ *  <em>produces</em>
+ *
+ *     Starting the manager
+ *     Manager: starts
+ *     Manager: transferring 'something' to worker
+ *     Worker: starts
+ *     Worker: Performed "something", transferring back
+ *     Manager: worker returned "Something"
+ *     Resuming the manager
+ *     Manager: finished
+ *
  */
 static VALUE
-rb_fiber_m_transfer(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE fib)
+rb_fiber_m_transfer(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE fiber_value)
 {
-    return rb_fiber_transfer(fib, argc, argv);
+    return rb_fiber_transfer_kw(fiber_value, argc, argv, rb_keyword_given_p());
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_transfer_kw(VALUE fiber_value, int argc, VALUE *argv, int kw_splat)
+{
+    rb_fiber_t *fiber = fiber_ptr(fiber_value);
+    if (RTEST(fiber->resuming_fiber)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "attempt to transfer to a resuming fiber");
+    }
+    if (fiber->yielding) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFiberError, "attempt to transfer to a yielding fiber");
+    }
+    return fiber_switch(fiber, argc, argv, kw_splat, Qfalse, false);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1434,14 +2704,14 @@ rb_fiber_m_transfer(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE fib)
  *
  *  Yields control back to the context that resumed the fiber, passing
  *  along any arguments that were passed to it. The fiber will resume
- *  processing at this point when <code>resume</code> is called next.
- *  Any arguments passed to the next <code>resume</code> will be the
- *  value that this <code>Fiber.yield</code> expression evaluates to.
+ *  processing at this point when #resume is called next.
+ *  Any arguments passed to the next #resume will be the value that
+ *  this Fiber.yield expression evaluates to.
  */
 static VALUE
 rb_fiber_s_yield(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-    return rb_fiber_yield(argc, argv);
+    return rb_fiber_yield_kw(argc, argv, rb_keyword_given_p());
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1458,7 +2728,119 @@ rb_fiber_s_current(VALUE klass)
     return rb_fiber_current();
 }
 
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   fiber.to_s   -> string
+ *
+ * Returns fiber information string.
+ *
+ */
+
+static VALUE
+fiber_to_s(VALUE fiber_value)
+{
+    const rb_fiber_t *fiber = fiber_ptr(fiber_value);
+    const rb_proc_t *proc;
+    char status_info[0x20];
+
+    if (RTEST(fiber->resuming_fiber)) {
+        snprintf(status_info, 0x20, " (%s by resuming)", fiber_status_name(fiber->status));
+    }
+    else {
+        snprintf(status_info, 0x20, " (%s)", fiber_status_name(fiber->status));
+    }
+
+    if (!rb_obj_is_proc(fiber->first_proc)) {
+        VALUE str = rb_any_to_s(fiber_value);
+        strlcat(status_info, ">", sizeof(status_info));
+        rb_str_set_len(str, RSTRING_LEN(str)-1);
+        rb_str_cat_cstr(str, status_info);
+        return str;
+    }
+    GetProcPtr(fiber->first_proc, proc);
+    return rb_block_to_s(fiber_value, &proc->block, status_info);
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_WORKING_FORK
+void
+rb_fiber_atfork(rb_thread_t *th)
+{
+    if (th->root_fiber) {
+        if (&th->root_fiber->cont.saved_ec != th->ec) {
+            th->root_fiber = th->ec->fiber_ptr;
+        }
+        th->root_fiber->prev = 0;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef RB_EXPERIMENTAL_FIBER_POOL
+static void
+fiber_pool_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool = ptr;
+    RUBY_FREE_ENTER("fiber_pool");
+
+    fiber_pool_free_allocations(fiber_pool->allocations);
+    ruby_xfree(fiber_pool);
+
+    RUBY_FREE_LEAVE("fiber_pool");
+}
+
+static size_t
+fiber_pool_memsize(const void *ptr)
+{
+    const struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool = ptr;
+    size_t size = sizeof(*fiber_pool);
+
+    size += fiber_pool->count * fiber_pool->size;
+
+    return size;
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t FiberPoolDataType = {
+    "fiber_pool",
+    {NULL, fiber_pool_free, fiber_pool_memsize,},
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+};
+
+static VALUE
+fiber_pool_alloc(VALUE klass)
+{
+    struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool = RB_ALLOC(struct fiber_pool);
+
+    return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &FiberPoolDataType, fiber_pool);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_pool_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
+    VALUE size = Qnil, count = Qnil, vm_stack_size = Qnil;
+    struct fiber_pool * fiber_pool = NULL;
+
+    // Maybe these should be keyword arguments.
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &size, &count, &vm_stack_size);
 
+    if (NIL_P(size)) {
+        size = INT2NUM(th->vm->default_params.fiber_machine_stack_size);
+    }
+
+    if (NIL_P(count)) {
+        count = INT2NUM(128);
+    }
+
+    if (NIL_P(vm_stack_size)) {
+        vm_stack_size = INT2NUM(th->vm->default_params.fiber_vm_stack_size);
+    }
+
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct fiber_pool, &FiberPoolDataType, fiber_pool);
+
+    fiber_pool_initialize(fiber_pool, NUM2SIZET(size), NUM2SIZET(count), NUM2SIZET(vm_stack_size));
+
+    return self;
+}
+#endif
 
 /*
  *  Document-class: FiberError
@@ -1473,11 +2855,198 @@ rb_fiber_s_current(VALUE klass)
  *     fiber.resume #=> FiberError: dead fiber called
  */
 
+/*
+ *  Document-class: Fiber::SchedulerInterface
+ *
+ *  This is not an existing class, but documentation of the interface that Scheduler
+ *  object should comply in order to be used as Fiber.scheduler and handle non-blocking
+ *  fibers. See also the "Non-blocking fibers" section in Fiber class docs for explanations
+ *  of some concepts.
+ *
+ *  Scheduler's behavior and usage are expected to be as follows:
+ *
+ *  * When the execution in the non-blocking Fiber reaches some blocking operation (like
+ *    sleep, wait for a process, or a non-ready I/O), it calls some of the scheduler's
+ *    hook methods, listed below.
+ *  * Scheduler somehow registers what the current fiber is waited for, and yields control
+ *    to other fibers with Fiber.yield (so the fiber would be suspended while expecting its
+ *    wait to end, and other fibers in the same thread can perform)
+ *  * At the end of the current thread execution, the scheduler's method #close is called
+ *  * The scheduler runs into a wait loop, checking all the blocked fibers (which it has
+ *    registered on hook calls) and resuming them when the awaited resource is ready (I/O
+ *    ready, sleep time passed).
+ *
+ *  A typical implementation would probably rely for this closing loop on a gem like
+ *  EventMachine[https://github.com/eventmachine/eventmachine] or
+ *  Async[https://github.com/socketry/async].
+ *
+ *  This way concurrent execution will be achieved in a way that is transparent for every
+ *  individual Fiber's code.
+ *
+ *  Hook methods are:
+ *
+ *  * #io_wait
+ *  * #process_wait
+ *  * #kernel_sleep
+ *  * #block and #unblock
+ *  * (the list is expanded as Ruby developers make more methods having non-blocking calls)
+ *
+ *  When not specified otherwise, the hook implementations are mandatory: if they are not
+ *  implemented, the methods trying to call hook will fail. To provide backward compatibility,
+ *  in the future hooks will be optional (if they are not implemented, due to the scheduler
+ *  being created for the older Ruby version, the code which needs this hook will not fail,
+ *  and will just behave in a blocking fashion).
+ *
+ *  It is also strongly suggested that the scheduler implement the #fiber method, which is
+ *  delegated to by Fiber.schedule.
+ *
+ *  Sample _toy_ implementation of the scheduler can be found in Ruby's code, in
+ *  <tt>test/fiber/scheduler.rb</tt>
+ *
+ */
+
+#if 0 /* for RDoc */
+/*
+ *
+ *  Document-method: Fiber::SchedulerInterface#close
+ *
+ *  Called when the current thread exits. The scheduler is expected to implement this
+ *  method in order to allow all waiting fibers to finalize their execution.
+ *
+ *  The suggested pattern is to implement the main event loop in the #close method.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_close(VALUE self)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#process_wait
+ *  call-seq: process_wait(pid, flags)
+ *
+ *  Invoked by Process::Status.wait in order to wait for a specified process.
+ *  See that method description for arguments description.
+ *
+ *  Suggested minimal implementation:
+ *
+ *      Thread.new do
+ *        Process::Status.wait(pid, flags)
+ *      end.value
+ *
+ *  This hook is optional: if it is not present in the current scheduler,
+ *  Process::Status.wait will behave as a blocking method.
+ *
+ *  Expected to returns a Process::Status instance.
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_process_wait(VALUE self)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#io_wait
+ *  call-seq: io_wait(io, events, timeout)
+ *
+ *  Invoked by IO#wait, IO#wait_readable, IO#wait_writable to ask whether the
+ *  specified descriptor is ready for specified events within
+ *  the specified +timeout+.
+ *
+ *  +events+ is a bit mask of <tt>IO::READABLE</tt>, <tt>IO::WRITABLE</tt>, and
+ *  <tt>IO::PRIORITY</tt>.
+ *
+ *  Suggested implementation should register which Fiber is waiting for which
+ *  resources and immediately calling Fiber.yield to pass control to other
+ *  fibers. Then, in the #close method, the scheduler might dispatch all the
+ *  I/O resources to fibers waiting for it.
+ *
+ *  Expected to return the subset of events that are ready immediately.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_io_wait(VALUE self)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#kernel_sleep
+ *  call-seq: kernel_sleep(duration = nil)
+ *
+ *  Invoked by Kernel#sleep and Mutex#sleep and is expected to provide
+ *  an implementation of sleeping in a non-blocking way. Implementation might
+ *  register the current fiber in some list of "what fiber waits till what
+ *  moment", call Fiber.yield to pass control, and then in #close resume
+ *  the fibers whose wait period have ended.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_kernel_sleep(VALUE self)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#block
+ *  call-seq: block(blocker, timeout = nil)
+ *
+ *  Invoked by methods like Thread.join, and by Mutex, to signify that current
+ *  Fiber is blocked till further notice (e.g. #unblock) or till +timeout+ will
+ *  pass.
+ *
+ *  +blocker+ is what we are waiting on, informational only (for debugging and
+ *  logging). There are no guarantees about its value.
+ *
+ *  Expected to return boolean, specifying whether the blocking operation was
+ *  successful or not.
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_block(VALUE self)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#unblock
+ *  call-seq: unblock(blocker, fiber)
+ *
+ *  Invoked to wake up Fiber previously blocked with #block (for example, Mutex#lock
+ *  calls #block and Mutex#unlock calls #unblock). The scheduler should use
+ *  the +fiber+ parameter to understand which fiber is unblocked.
+ *
+ *  +blocker+ is what was awaited for, but it is informational only (for debugging
+ *  and logging), and it is not guaranteed to be the same value as the +blocker+ for
+ *  #block.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_unblock(VALUE self)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ *  Document-method: SchedulerInterface#fiber
+ *  call-seq: fiber(&block)
+ *
+ *  Implementation of the Fiber.schedule. The method is <em>expected</em> to immediately
+ *  run passed block of code in a separate non-blocking fiber, and to return that Fiber.
+ *
+ *  Minimal suggested implementation is:
+ *
+ *     def fiber(&block)
+ *       Fiber.new(blocking: false, &block).tap(&:resume)
+ *     end
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_fiber(VALUE self)
+{
+}
+#endif
+
 void
 Init_Cont(void)
 {
-#if FIBER_USE_NATIVE
     rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
+    size_t vm_stack_size = th->vm->default_params.fiber_vm_stack_size;
+    size_t machine_stack_size = th->vm->default_params.fiber_machine_stack_size;
+    size_t stack_size = machine_stack_size + vm_stack_size;
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
     SYSTEM_INFO info;
@@ -1486,20 +3055,57 @@ Init_Cont(void)
 #else /* not WIN32 */
     pagesize = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
 #endif
-    SET_MACHINE_STACK_END(&th->machine_stack_end);
-#endif
+    SET_MACHINE_STACK_END(&th->ec->machine.stack_end);
+
+    fiber_pool_initialize(&shared_fiber_pool, stack_size, FIBER_POOL_INITIAL_SIZE, vm_stack_size);
+
+    fiber_initialize_keywords[0] = rb_intern_const("blocking");
+    fiber_initialize_keywords[1] = rb_intern_const("pool");
+
+    char * fiber_shared_fiber_pool_free_stacks = getenv("RUBY_SHARED_FIBER_POOL_FREE_STACKS");
+    if (fiber_shared_fiber_pool_free_stacks) {
+        shared_fiber_pool.free_stacks = atoi(fiber_shared_fiber_pool_free_stacks);
+    }
 
     rb_cFiber = rb_define_class("Fiber", rb_cObject);
     rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cFiber, fiber_alloc);
     rb_eFiberError = rb_define_class("FiberError", rb_eStandardError);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "yield", rb_fiber_s_yield, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "initialize", rb_fiber_init, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "initialize", rb_fiber_initialize, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "blocking?", rb_fiber_blocking_p, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "resume", rb_fiber_m_resume, -1);
-}
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "raise", rb_fiber_raise, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "backtrace", rb_fiber_backtrace, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "backtrace_locations", rb_fiber_backtrace_locations, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "to_s", fiber_to_s, 0);
+    rb_define_alias(rb_cFiber, "inspect", "to_s");
+
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "blocking?", rb_f_fiber_blocking_p, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "scheduler", rb_fiber_scheduler, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "set_scheduler", rb_fiber_set_scheduler, 1);
+
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "schedule", rb_f_fiber, -1);
+    //rb_define_global_function("Fiber", rb_f_fiber, -1);
+
+#if 0 /* for RDoc */
+    rb_cFiberScheduler = rb_define_class_under(rb_cFiber, "SchedulerInterface", rb_cObject);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "close", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_close, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "process_wait", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_process_wait, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "io_wait", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_io_wait, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "kernel_sleep", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_kernel_sleep, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "block", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_block, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "unblock", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_unblock, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberScheduler, "fiber", rb_fiber_scheduler_interface_fiber, 0);
+#endif
 
-#if defined __GNUC__ && __GNUC__ >= 4
-#pragma GCC visibility push(default)
+#ifdef RB_EXPERIMENTAL_FIBER_POOL
+    rb_cFiberPool = rb_define_class("Pool", rb_cFiber);
+    rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cFiberPool, fiber_pool_alloc);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cFiberPool, "initialize", rb_fiber_pool_initialize, -1);
 #endif
+}
+
+RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
 
 void
 ruby_Init_Continuation_body(void)
@@ -1515,11 +3121,12 @@ ruby_Init_Continuation_body(void)
 void
 ruby_Init_Fiber_as_Coroutine(void)
 {
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
+    rb_ext_ractor_safe(true);
+#endif
     rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "transfer", rb_fiber_m_transfer, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cFiber, "alive?", rb_fiber_alive_p, 0);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFiber, "current", rb_fiber_s_current, 0);
 }
 
-#if defined __GNUC__ && __GNUC__ >= 4
-#pragma GCC visibility pop
-#endif
+RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
diff --git a/coroutine/Stack.h b/coroutine/Stack.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0fc703622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/Stack.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/11/2020.
+ *  Copyright, 2020, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#include COROUTINE_H
+
+#ifdef COROUTINE_PRIVATE_STACK
+#define COROUTINE_STACK_LOCAL(type, name) type *name = ruby_xmalloc(sizeof(type))
+#define COROUTINE_STACK_FREE(name) ruby_xfree(name)
+#else
+#define COROUTINE_STACK_LOCAL(type, name) type name##_local; type * name = &name##_local
+#define COROUTINE_STACK_FREE(name)
+#endif
diff --git a/coroutine/amd64/Context.S b/coroutine/amd64/Context.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..051db1c5e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/amd64/Context.S
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+##
+##  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+##
+##  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+##  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+##
+
+#define TOKEN_PASTE(x,y) x##y
+#define PREFIXED_SYMBOL(prefix,name) TOKEN_PASTE(prefix,name)
+
+.text
+
+.globl PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer)
+PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer):
+
+	# Save caller state
+	pushq %rbp
+	pushq %rbx
+	pushq %r12
+	pushq %r13
+	pushq %r14
+	pushq %r15
+
+	# Save caller stack pointer
+	movq %rsp, (%rdi)
+
+	# Restore callee stack pointer
+	movq (%rsi), %rsp
+
+	# Restore callee state
+	popq %r15
+	popq %r14
+	popq %r13
+	popq %r12
+	popq %rbx
+	popq %rbp
+
+	# Put the first argument into the return value
+	movq %rdi, %rax
+
+	# We pop the return address and jump to it
+	ret
+
+#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__ELF__)
+.section .note.GNU-stack,"",%progbits
+#endif
diff --git a/coroutine/amd64/Context.h b/coroutine/amd64/Context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..581525b67e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/amd64/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+ *  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define COROUTINE __attribute__((noreturn)) void
+
+enum {COROUTINE_REGISTERS = 6};
+
+struct coroutine_context
+{
+    void **stack_pointer;
+};
+
+typedef COROUTINE(* coroutine_start)(struct coroutine_context *from, struct coroutine_context *self);
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize(
+    struct coroutine_context *context,
+    coroutine_start start,
+    void *stack,
+    size_t size
+) {
+    assert(start && stack && size >= 1024);
+
+    // Stack grows down. Force 16-byte alignment.
+    char * top = (char*)stack + size;
+    context->stack_pointer = (void**)((uintptr_t)top & ~0xF);
+
+    *--context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)start;
+
+    context->stack_pointer -= COROUTINE_REGISTERS;
+    memset(context->stack_pointer, 0, sizeof(void*) * COROUTINE_REGISTERS);
+}
+
+struct coroutine_context * coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context * current, struct coroutine_context * target);
+
+static inline void coroutine_destroy(struct coroutine_context * context)
+{
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/arm32/Context.S b/coroutine/arm32/Context.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1850c4c408
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/arm32/Context.S
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+##
+##  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+##
+##  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+##  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+##
+
+#define TOKEN_PASTE(x,y) x##y
+#define PREFIXED_SYMBOL(prefix,name) TOKEN_PASTE(prefix,name)
+
+.file "Context.S"
+.text
+.globl PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer)
+.align 2
+.type PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer),%function
+.syntax unified
+
+PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer):
+	# Save caller state (8 registers + return address)
+	push {r4-r11,lr}
+
+	# Save caller stack pointer
+	str sp, [r0]
+
+	# Restore callee stack pointer
+	ldr sp, [r1]
+
+	# Restore callee state (8 registers program counter)
+	pop {r4-r11,pc}
+
+#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__ELF__)
+.section .note.GNU-stack,"",%progbits
+#endif
diff --git a/coroutine/arm32/Context.h b/coroutine/arm32/Context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69f4b2eeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/arm32/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+ *  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define COROUTINE __attribute__((noreturn)) void
+#define COROUTINE_LIMITED_ADDRESS_SPACE
+
+enum {COROUTINE_REGISTERS = 8};
+
+struct coroutine_context
+{
+    void **stack_pointer;
+};
+
+typedef COROUTINE(* coroutine_start)(struct coroutine_context *from, struct coroutine_context *self);
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize(
+    struct coroutine_context *context,
+    coroutine_start start,
+    void *stack,
+    size_t size
+) {
+    assert(start && stack && size >= 1024);
+
+    // Stack grows down. Force 16-byte alignment.
+    char * top = (char*)stack + size;
+    context->stack_pointer = (void**)((uintptr_t)top & ~0xF);
+
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)start;
+
+    context->stack_pointer -= COROUTINE_REGISTERS;
+    memset(context->stack_pointer, 0, sizeof(void*) * COROUTINE_REGISTERS);
+}
+
+struct coroutine_context * coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context * current, struct coroutine_context * target);
+
+static inline void coroutine_destroy(struct coroutine_context * context)
+{
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/arm64/Context.S b/coroutine/arm64/Context.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04e3f6d1ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/arm64/Context.S
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+##
+##  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+##
+##  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+##  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+##
+
+#define TOKEN_PASTE(x,y) x##y
+#define PREFIXED_SYMBOL(prefix,name) TOKEN_PASTE(prefix,name)
+
+.text
+.align 2
+
+.global PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer)
+PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer):
+
+	# Make space on the stack for caller registers
+	sub sp, sp, 0xb0
+
+	# Save caller registers
+	stp d8, d9, [sp, 0x00]
+	stp d10, d11, [sp, 0x10]
+	stp d12, d13, [sp, 0x20]
+	stp d14, d15, [sp, 0x30]
+	stp x19, x20, [sp, 0x40]
+	stp x21, x22, [sp, 0x50]
+	stp x23, x24, [sp, 0x60]
+	stp x25, x26, [sp, 0x70]
+	stp x27, x28, [sp, 0x80]
+	stp x29, x30, [sp, 0x90]
+
+	# Save return address
+	str x30, [sp, 0xa0]
+
+	# Save stack pointer to x0 (first argument)
+	mov x2, sp
+	str x2, [x0, 0]
+
+	# Load stack pointer from x1 (second argument)
+	ldr x3, [x1, 0]
+	mov sp, x3
+
+	# Restore caller registers
+	ldp d8, d9, [sp, 0x00]
+	ldp d10, d11, [sp, 0x10]
+	ldp d12, d13, [sp, 0x20]
+	ldp d14, d15, [sp, 0x30]
+	ldp x19, x20, [sp, 0x40]
+	ldp x21, x22, [sp, 0x50]
+	ldp x23, x24, [sp, 0x60]
+	ldp x25, x26, [sp, 0x70]
+	ldp x27, x28, [sp, 0x80]
+	ldp x29, x30, [sp, 0x90]
+
+	# Load return address into x4
+	ldr x4, [sp, 0xa0]
+
+	# Pop stack frame
+	add sp, sp, 0xb0
+
+	# Jump to return address (in x4)
+	ret x4
diff --git a/coroutine/arm64/Context.h b/coroutine/arm64/Context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34be995a4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/arm64/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+ *  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define COROUTINE __attribute__((noreturn)) void
+
+enum {COROUTINE_REGISTERS = 0xb0 / 8};
+
+struct coroutine_context
+{
+    void **stack_pointer;
+};
+
+typedef COROUTINE(* coroutine_start)(struct coroutine_context *from, struct coroutine_context *self);
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize(
+    struct coroutine_context *context,
+    coroutine_start start,
+    void *stack,
+    size_t size
+) {
+    assert(start && stack && size >= 1024);
+
+    // Stack grows down. Force 16-byte alignment.
+    char * top = (char*)stack + size;
+    context->stack_pointer = (void**)((uintptr_t)top & ~0xF);
+
+    context->stack_pointer -= COROUTINE_REGISTERS;
+    memset(context->stack_pointer, 0, sizeof(void*) * COROUTINE_REGISTERS);
+
+    context->stack_pointer[0xa0 / 8] = (void*)start;
+}
+
+struct coroutine_context * coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context * current, struct coroutine_context * target);
+
+static inline void coroutine_destroy(struct coroutine_context * context)
+{
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/copy/Context.c b/coroutine/copy/Context.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa8bb2ff05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/copy/Context.c
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 24/6/2019.
+ *  Copyright, 2019, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#include "Context.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Alternate-Keywords.html
+#ifndef __GNUC__
+#define __asm__ asm
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__sparc)
+__attribute__((noinline))
+// https://marc.info/?l=linux-sparc&m=131914569320660&w=2
+static void coroutine_flush_register_windows(void) {
+    __asm__
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+    __volatile__
+#endif
+#if defined(__sparcv9) || defined(__sparc_v9__) || defined(__arch64__)
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+    ("flushw" : : : "%o7")
+#else
+    ("flushw")
+#endif
+#else
+    ("ta 0x03")
+#endif
+    ;
+}
+#else
+static void coroutine_flush_register_windows(void) {}
+#endif
+
+__attribute__((noinline))
+void *coroutine_stack_pointer(void) {
+    return (void*)(
+        (char*)__builtin_frame_address(0)
+    );
+}
+
+// Save the current stack to a private area. It is likely that when restoring the stack, this stack frame will be incomplete. But that is acceptable since the previous stack frame which called `setjmp` should be correctly restored.
+__attribute__((noinline))
+int coroutine_save_stack_1(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    assert(context->stack);
+    assert(context->base);
+
+    void *stack_pointer = coroutine_stack_pointer();
+
+    // At this point, you may need to ensure on architectures that use register windows, that all registers are flushed to the stack, otherwise the copy of the stack will not contain the valid registers:
+    coroutine_flush_register_windows();
+
+    // Save stack to private area:
+    if (stack_pointer < context->base) {
+        size_t size = (char*)context->base - (char*)stack_pointer;
+        assert(size <= context->size);
+
+        memcpy(context->stack, stack_pointer, size);
+        context->used = size;
+    } else {
+        size_t size = (char*)stack_pointer - (char*)context->base;
+        assert(size <= context->size);
+
+        memcpy(context->stack, context->base, size);
+        context->used = size;
+    }
+
+    // Initialized:
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// Copy the current stack to a private memory buffer.
+int coroutine_save_stack(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    if (_setjmp(context->state)) {
+        // Restored.
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // We need to invoke the memory copy from one stack frame deeper than the one that calls setjmp. That is because if you don't do this, the setjmp might be restored into an invalid stack frame (truncated, etc):
+    return coroutine_save_stack_1(context);
+}
+
+__attribute__((noreturn, noinline))
+void coroutine_restore_stack_padded(struct coroutine_context *context, void * buffer) {
+    void *stack_pointer = coroutine_stack_pointer();
+
+    assert(context->base);
+
+    // At this point, you may need to ensure on architectures that use register windows, that all registers are flushed to the stack, otherwise when we copy in the new stack, the registers would not be updated:
+    coroutine_flush_register_windows();
+
+    // Restore stack from private area:
+    if (stack_pointer < context->base) {
+        void * bottom = (char*)context->base - context->used;
+        assert(bottom > stack_pointer);
+
+        memcpy(bottom, context->stack, context->used);
+    } else {
+        void * top = (char*)context->base + context->used;
+        assert(top < stack_pointer);
+
+        memcpy(context->base, context->stack, context->used);
+    }
+
+    // Restore registers. The `buffer` is to force the compiler NOT to elide he buffer and `alloca`:
+    _longjmp(context->state, (int)(1 | (intptr_t)buffer));
+}
+
+// In order to swap between coroutines, we need to swap the stack and registers.
+// `setjmp` and `longjmp` are able to swap registers, but what about swapping stacks? You can use `memcpy` to copy the current stack to a private area and `memcpy` to copy the private stack of the next coroutine to the main stack.
+// But if the stack yop are copying in to the main stack is bigger than the currently executing stack, the `memcpy` will clobber the current stack frame (including the context argument). So we use `alloca` to push the current stack frame *beyond* the stack we are about to copy in. This ensures the current stack frame in `coroutine_restore_stack_padded` remains valid for calling `longjmp`.
+__attribute__((noreturn))
+void coroutine_restore_stack(struct coroutine_context *context) {
+    void *stack_pointer = coroutine_stack_pointer();
+    void *buffer = NULL;
+
+    // We must ensure that the next stack frame is BEYOND the stack we are restoring:
+    if (stack_pointer < context->base) {
+        intptr_t offset = (intptr_t)stack_pointer - ((intptr_t)context->base - context->used);
+        if (offset > 0) buffer = alloca(offset);
+    } else {
+        intptr_t offset = ((intptr_t)context->base + context->used) - (intptr_t)stack_pointer;
+        if (offset > 0) buffer = alloca(offset);
+    }
+
+    assert(context->used > 0);
+
+    coroutine_restore_stack_padded(context, buffer);
+}
+
+struct coroutine_context *coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context *current, struct coroutine_context *target)
+{
+    struct coroutine_context *previous = target->from;
+
+    // In theory, either this condition holds true, or we should assign the base address to target:
+    assert(current->base == target->base);
+    // If you are trying to copy the coroutine to a different thread
+    // target->base = current->base
+
+    target->from = current;
+
+    assert(current != target);
+
+    // It's possible to come here, even thought the current fiber has been terminated. We are never going to return so we don't bother saving the stack.
+
+    if (current->stack) {
+        if (coroutine_save_stack(current) == 0) {
+            coroutine_restore_stack(target);
+        }
+    } else {
+        coroutine_restore_stack(target);
+    }
+
+    target->from = previous;
+
+    return target;
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/copy/Context.h b/coroutine/copy/Context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6038f00cf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/copy/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 27/6/2019.
+ *  Copyright, 2019, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/* OpenBSD supports alloca, but does not include alloca.h */
+#ifndef __OpenBSD__
+#include <alloca.h>
+#endif
+
+#define COROUTINE __attribute__((noreturn)) void
+
+#if INTPTR_MAX <= INT32_MAX
+#define COROUTINE_LIMITED_ADDRESS_SPACE
+#endif
+
+// This stack copying implementation which uses a private stack for each coroutine, including the main one.
+#define COROUTINE_PRIVATE_STACK
+
+struct coroutine_context
+{
+    // Private stack:
+    void *stack;
+    size_t size, used;
+
+    // The top (or bottom) of the currently executing stack:
+    void *base;
+
+    jmp_buf state;
+
+    struct coroutine_context *from;
+};
+
+typedef COROUTINE(*coroutine_start)(struct coroutine_context *from, struct coroutine_context *self);
+
+int coroutine_save_stack(struct coroutine_context * context);
+COROUTINE coroutine_restore_stack(struct coroutine_context *context);
+
+// @param stack The private stack area memory allocation (pointer to lowest address).
+// @param size The size of the private stack area.
+// @param base A stack pointer to the base of the main stack. On x86 hardware, this is the upper extent of the region that will be copied to the private stack.
+static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context *context, void *stack, size_t size, void *base) {
+    assert(stack);
+    assert(size >= 1024);
+
+    context->stack = stack;
+    context->size = size;
+    context->used = 0;
+
+    assert(base);
+    context->base = base;
+
+    context->from = NULL;
+}
+
+// @param start The start function to invoke.
+static inline void coroutine_initialize(
+    struct coroutine_context *context,
+    coroutine_start start,
+    void *stack,
+    size_t size,
+    void *base
+) {
+    assert(start);
+
+    coroutine_initialize_main(context, stack, size, base);
+
+    if (coroutine_save_stack(context)) {
+        start(context->from, context);
+    }
+}
+
+struct coroutine_context *coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context *current, register struct coroutine_context *target);
+
+static inline void coroutine_destroy(struct coroutine_context *context)
+{
+    context->stack = NULL;
+    context->size = 0;
+    context->from = NULL;
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/ppc64le/Context.S b/coroutine/ppc64le/Context.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61be9efcf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/ppc64le/Context.S
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#define TOKEN_PASTE(x,y) x##y
+#define PREFIXED_SYMBOL(prefix,name) TOKEN_PASTE(prefix,name)
+
+.text
+.align 2
+
+.globl PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer)
+.type   PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer), @function
+PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer):
+	# Make space on the stack for caller registers
+	addi 1,1,-152
+
+	# Save caller registers
+	std 14,0(1)
+	std 15,8(1)
+	std 16,16(1)
+	std 17,24(1)
+	std 18,32(1)
+	std 19,40(1)
+	std 20,48(1)
+	std 21,56(1)
+	std 22,64(1)
+	std 23,72(1)
+	std 24,80(1)
+	std 25,88(1)
+	std 26,96(1)
+	std 27,104(1)
+	std 28,112(1)
+	std 29,120(1)
+	std 30,128(1)
+	std 31,136(1)
+
+	# Save return address
+	mflr 0
+	std 0,144(1)
+
+	# Save stack pointer to first argument
+	std 1,0(3)
+
+	# Load stack pointer from second argument
+	ld 1,0(4)
+
+	# Restore caller registers
+	ld 14,0(1)
+	ld 15,8(1)
+	ld 16,16(1)
+	ld 17,24(1)
+	ld 18,32(1)
+	ld 19,40(1)
+	ld 20,48(1)
+	ld 21,56(1)
+	ld 22,64(1)
+	ld 23,72(1)
+	ld 24,80(1)
+	ld 25,88(1)
+	ld 26,96(1)
+	ld 27,104(1)
+	ld 28,112(1)
+	ld 29,120(1)
+	ld 30,128(1)
+	ld 31,136(1)
+
+	# Load return address
+	ld 0,144(1)
+	mtlr 0
+
+	# Pop stack frame
+	addi 1,1,152
+
+	# Jump to return address
+	blr
+
+#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__ELF__)
+.section .note.GNU-stack,"",%progbits
+#endif
diff --git a/coroutine/ppc64le/Context.h b/coroutine/ppc64le/Context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e36f9c3583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/ppc64le/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define COROUTINE __attribute__((noreturn)) void
+
+enum {
+  COROUTINE_REGISTERS =
+  19  /* 18 general purpose registers (r14-r31) and 1 return address */
+  + 4  /* space for fiber_entry() to store the link register */
+};
+
+struct coroutine_context
+{
+    void **stack_pointer;
+};
+
+typedef COROUTINE(* coroutine_start)(struct coroutine_context *from, struct coroutine_context *self);
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize(
+    struct coroutine_context *context,
+    coroutine_start start,
+    void *stack,
+    size_t size
+) {
+    assert(start && stack && size >= 1024);
+
+    // Stack grows down. Force 16-byte alignment.
+    char * top = (char*)stack + size;
+    context->stack_pointer = (void**)((uintptr_t)top & ~0xF);
+
+    context->stack_pointer -= COROUTINE_REGISTERS;
+    memset(context->stack_pointer, 0, sizeof(void*) * COROUTINE_REGISTERS);
+
+    /* Skip a global prologue that sets the TOC register */
+    context->stack_pointer[18] = ((char*)start) + 8;
+}
+
+struct coroutine_context * coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context * current, struct coroutine_context * target);
+
+static inline void coroutine_destroy(struct coroutine_context * context)
+{
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/ucontext/Context.c b/coroutine/ucontext/Context.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ba76ee628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/ucontext/Context.c
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 24/6/2019.
+ *  Copyright, 2019, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+/* According to Solaris' ucontext.h, makecontext, etc. are removed in SUSv4.
+ * To enable the prototype declarations, we need to define __EXTENSIONS__.
+ */
+#if defined(__sun) && !defined(__EXTENSIONS__)
+#define __EXTENSIONS__
+#endif
+#include "Context.h"
+
+void coroutine_trampoline(void * _start, void * _context)
+{
+    coroutine_start start = (coroutine_start)_start;
+    struct coroutine_context * context = _context;
+
+    start(context->from, context);
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/ucontext/Context.h b/coroutine/ucontext/Context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b2a593793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/ucontext/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 24/6/2019.
+ *  Copyright, 2019, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <ucontext.h>
+
+#define COROUTINE __attribute__((noreturn)) void
+
+#if INTPTR_MAX <= INT32_MAX
+#define COROUTINE_LIMITED_ADDRESS_SPACE
+#endif
+
+struct coroutine_context
+{
+    ucontext_t state;
+    struct coroutine_context * from;
+};
+
+typedef COROUTINE(* coroutine_start)(struct coroutine_context *from, struct coroutine_context *self);
+
+COROUTINE coroutine_trampoline(void * _start, void * _context);
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    context->from = NULL;
+    getcontext(&context->state);
+}
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize(
+    struct coroutine_context *context,
+    coroutine_start start,
+    void *stack,
+    size_t size
+) {
+    assert(start && stack && size >= 1024);
+
+    coroutine_initialize_main(context);
+
+    context->state.uc_stack.ss_size = size;
+    // Despite what it's called, this is not actually a stack pointer. It points to the address of the stack allocation (the lowest address).
+    context->state.uc_stack.ss_sp = (char*)stack;
+    context->state.uc_stack.ss_flags = 0;
+    context->state.uc_link = NULL;
+
+    makecontext(&context->state, (void(*)(void))coroutine_trampoline, 2, (void*)start, (void*)context);
+}
+
+static inline struct coroutine_context * coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context * current, struct coroutine_context * target)
+{
+    struct coroutine_context * previous = target->from;
+
+    target->from = current;
+    swapcontext(&current->state, &target->state);
+    target->from = previous;
+
+    return target;
+}
+
+static inline void coroutine_destroy(struct coroutine_context * context)
+{
+    context->state.uc_stack.ss_sp = NULL;
+    context->state.uc_stack.ss_size = 0;
+    context->from = NULL;
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/win32/Context.S b/coroutine/win32/Context.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d14bf435e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/win32/Context.S
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+##
+##  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+##
+##  Created by Lars Kanis on 06/06/2019.
+##
+
+.text
+
+# Using fastcall is a big win (and it's the same as how x64 works).
+# In coroutine transfer, the arguments are passed in ecx and edx. We don't need
+# to touch these in order to pass them to the destination coroutine.
+
+.globl @coroutine_transfer@8
+@coroutine_transfer@8:
+	# Save the thread information block:
+	pushl %fs:0
+	pushl %fs:4
+	pushl %fs:8
+
+	# Save caller registers:
+	pushl %ebp
+	pushl %ebx
+	pushl %edi
+	pushl %esi
+
+	# Save caller stack pointer:
+	movl %esp, (%ecx)
+
+	# Restore callee stack pointer:
+	movl (%edx), %esp
+
+	# Restore callee stack:
+	popl %esi
+	popl %edi
+	popl %ebx
+	popl %ebp
+
+	# Restore the thread information block:
+	popl %fs:8
+	popl %fs:4
+	popl %fs:0
+
+	# Save the first argument as the return value:
+	movl %ecx, %eax
+
+	# Jump to the address on the stack:
+	ret
diff --git a/coroutine/win32/Context.asm b/coroutine/win32/Context.asm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f8f431239b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/win32/Context.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+;;
+;;  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+;;
+;;  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+;;  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+;;
+
+.386
+.model flat
+
+.code
+
+assume fs:nothing
+
+; Using fastcall is a big win (and it's the same has how x64 works).
+; In coroutine transfer, the arguments are passed in ecx and edx. We don't need
+; to touch these in order to pass them to the destination coroutine.
+
+@coroutine_transfer@8 proc
+	; Save the thread information block:
+	push fs:[0]
+	push fs:[4]
+	push fs:[8]
+
+	; Save caller registers:
+	push ebp
+	push ebx
+	push edi
+	push esi
+
+	; Save caller stack pointer:
+	mov dword ptr [ecx], esp
+
+	; Restore callee stack pointer:
+	mov esp, dword ptr [edx]
+
+	; Restore callee stack:
+	pop esi
+	pop edi
+	pop ebx
+	pop ebp
+
+	; Restore the thread information block:
+	pop fs:[8]
+	pop fs:[4]
+	pop fs:[0]
+
+	; Save the first argument as the return value:
+	mov eax, dword ptr ecx
+
+	; Jump to the address on the stack:
+	ret
+@coroutine_transfer@8 endp
+
+end
diff --git a/coroutine/win32/Context.h b/coroutine/win32/Context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e20342a98d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/win32/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+ *  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define COROUTINE __declspec(noreturn) void __fastcall
+#define COROUTINE_LIMITED_ADDRESS_SPACE
+
+/* This doesn't include thread information block */
+enum {COROUTINE_REGISTERS = 4};
+
+struct coroutine_context
+{
+    void **stack_pointer;
+};
+
+typedef void(__fastcall * coroutine_start)(struct coroutine_context *from, struct coroutine_context *self);
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize(
+    struct coroutine_context *context,
+    coroutine_start start,
+    void *stack,
+    size_t size
+) {
+    assert(start && stack && size >= 1024);
+
+    // Stack grows down. Force 16-byte alignment.
+    char * top = (char*)stack + size;
+    context->stack_pointer = (void**)((uintptr_t)top & ~0xF);
+
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)start;
+
+    /* Windows Thread Information Block */
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)0xFFFFFFFF; /* fs:[0] */
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)top; /* fs:[4] */
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)stack;  /* fs:[8] */
+
+    context->stack_pointer -= COROUTINE_REGISTERS;
+    memset(context->stack_pointer, 0, sizeof(void*) * COROUTINE_REGISTERS);
+}
+
+struct coroutine_context * __fastcall coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context * current, struct coroutine_context * target);
+
+static inline void coroutine_destroy(struct coroutine_context * context)
+{
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/win64/Context.S b/coroutine/win64/Context.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e0ee38e006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/win64/Context.S
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+##
+##  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+##
+##  Created by Samuel Williams on 4/11/2018.
+##  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+##
+
+.text
+
+.globl coroutine_transfer
+coroutine_transfer:
+	# Save the thread information block:
+	pushq %gs:8
+	pushq %gs:16
+
+	# Save caller registers:
+	pushq %rbp
+	pushq %rbx
+	pushq %rdi
+	pushq %rsi
+	pushq %r12
+	pushq %r13
+	pushq %r14
+	pushq %r15
+
+	movaps %xmm15, -168(%rsp)
+	movaps %xmm14, -152(%rsp)
+	movaps %xmm13, -136(%rsp)
+	movaps %xmm12, -120(%rsp)
+	movaps %xmm11, -104(%rsp)
+	movaps %xmm10, -88(%rsp)
+	movaps %xmm9, -72(%rsp)
+	movaps %xmm8, -56(%rsp)
+	movaps %xmm7, -40(%rsp)
+	movaps %xmm6, -24(%rsp)
+
+	# Save caller stack pointer:
+	mov %rsp, (%rcx)
+
+	# Restore callee stack pointer:
+	mov (%rdx), %rsp
+
+	movaps -24(%rsp), %xmm6
+	movaps -40(%rsp), %xmm7
+	movaps -56(%rsp), %xmm8
+	movaps -72(%rsp), %xmm9
+	movaps -88(%rsp), %xmm10
+	movaps -104(%rsp), %xmm11
+	movaps -120(%rsp), %xmm12
+	movaps -136(%rsp), %xmm13
+	movaps -152(%rsp), %xmm14
+	movaps -168(%rsp), %xmm15
+
+	# Restore callee stack:
+	popq %r15
+	popq %r14
+	popq %r13
+	popq %r12
+	popq %rsi
+	popq %rdi
+	popq %rbx
+	popq %rbp
+
+	# Restore the thread information block:
+	popq %gs:16
+	popq %gs:8
+
+	# Put the first argument into the return value:
+	mov %rcx, %rax
+
+	# We pop the return address and jump to it:
+	ret
+
+.globl coroutine_trampoline
+coroutine_trampoline:
+	# Do not remove this. This forces 16-byte alignment when entering the coroutine.
+	ret
diff --git a/coroutine/win64/Context.asm b/coroutine/win64/Context.asm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c4dea1c93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/win64/Context.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+;;
+;;  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+;;
+;;  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+;;  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+;;
+
+.code
+
+coroutine_transfer proc
+	; Save the thread information block:
+	push qword ptr gs:[8]
+	push qword ptr gs:[16]
+
+	; Save caller registers:
+	push rbp
+	push rbx
+	push rdi
+	push rsi
+	push r12
+	push r13
+	push r14
+	push r15
+
+	movaps [rsp - 24], xmm6
+	movaps [rsp - 40], xmm7
+	movaps [rsp - 56], xmm8
+	movaps [rsp - 72], xmm9
+	movaps [rsp - 88], xmm10
+	movaps [rsp - 104], xmm11
+	movaps [rsp - 120], xmm12
+	movaps [rsp - 136], xmm13
+	movaps [rsp - 152], xmm14
+	movaps [rsp - 168], xmm15
+
+	; Save caller stack pointer:
+	mov [rcx], rsp
+
+	; Restore callee stack pointer:
+	mov rsp, [rdx]
+
+	movaps xmm15, [rsp - 168]
+	movaps xmm14, [rsp - 152]
+	movaps xmm13, [rsp - 136]
+	movaps xmm12, [rsp - 120]
+	movaps xmm11, [rsp - 104]
+	movaps xmm10, [rsp - 88]
+	movaps xmm9, [rsp - 72]
+	movaps xmm8, [rsp - 56]
+	movaps xmm7, [rsp - 40]
+	movaps xmm6, [rsp - 24]
+
+	; Restore callee stack:
+	pop r15
+	pop r14
+	pop r13
+	pop r12
+	pop rsi
+	pop rdi
+	pop rbx
+	pop rbp
+
+	; Restore the thread information block:
+	pop qword ptr gs:[16]
+	pop qword ptr gs:[8]
+
+	; Put the first argument into the return value:
+	mov rax, rcx
+
+	; We pop the return address and jump to it:
+	ret
+coroutine_transfer endp
+
+coroutine_trampoline proc
+	; Do not remove this. This forces 16-byte alignment when entering the coroutine.
+	ret
+coroutine_trampoline endp
+
+end
diff --git a/coroutine/win64/Context.h b/coroutine/win64/Context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e28e6a6ff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/win64/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 10/5/2018.
+ *  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define COROUTINE __declspec(noreturn) void
+
+enum {
+    COROUTINE_REGISTERS = 8,
+    COROUTINE_XMM_REGISTERS = 1+10*2,
+};
+
+struct coroutine_context
+{
+    void **stack_pointer;
+};
+
+typedef void(* coroutine_start)(struct coroutine_context *from, struct coroutine_context *self);
+
+void coroutine_trampoline();
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize(
+    struct coroutine_context *context,
+    coroutine_start start,
+    void *stack,
+    size_t size
+) {
+    assert(start && stack && size >= 1024);
+
+    // Stack grows down. Force 16-byte alignment.
+    char * top = (char*)stack + size;
+    context->stack_pointer = (void**)((uintptr_t)top & ~0xF);
+
+    /* Win64 ABI requires space for arguments */
+    context->stack_pointer -= 4;
+
+    /* Return address */
+    *--context->stack_pointer = 0;
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)start;
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)coroutine_trampoline;
+
+    /* Windows Thread Information Block */
+    /* *--context->stack_pointer = 0; */ /* gs:[0x00] is not used */
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)top; /* gs:[0x08] */
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)stack;  /* gs:[0x10] */
+
+    context->stack_pointer -= COROUTINE_REGISTERS;
+    memset(context->stack_pointer, 0, sizeof(void*) * COROUTINE_REGISTERS);
+    memset(context->stack_pointer - COROUTINE_XMM_REGISTERS, 0, sizeof(void*) * COROUTINE_XMM_REGISTERS);
+}
+
+struct coroutine_context * coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context * current, struct coroutine_context * target);
+
+static inline void coroutine_destroy(struct coroutine_context * context)
+{
+}
diff --git a/coroutine/x86/Context.S b/coroutine/x86/Context.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6983f21c3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/x86/Context.S
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+##
+##  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+##
+##  Created by Samuel Williams on 3/11/2018.
+##  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+##
+
+#define TOKEN_PASTE(x,y) x##y
+#define PREFIXED_SYMBOL(prefix,name) TOKEN_PASTE(prefix,name)
+
+.text
+
+.globl PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer)
+PREFIXED_SYMBOL(SYMBOL_PREFIX,coroutine_transfer):
+
+	# Save caller registers
+	pushl %ebp
+	pushl %ebx
+	pushl %edi
+	pushl %esi
+
+	# Save caller stack pointer
+	movl %esp, (%ecx)
+
+	# Restore callee stack pointer
+	movl (%edx), %esp
+
+	# Restore callee stack
+	popl %esi
+	popl %edi
+	popl %ebx
+	popl %ebp
+
+	# Save the first argument as the return value
+	movl %ecx, %eax
+
+	# Jump to the address on the stack
+	ret
+
+#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__ELF__)
+.section .note.GNU-stack,"",%progbits
+#endif
diff --git a/coroutine/x86/Context.h b/coroutine/x86/Context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dfdde24f5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coroutine/x86/Context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ *  This file is part of the "Coroutine" project and released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Created by Samuel Williams on 3/11/2018.
+ *  Copyright, 2018, by Samuel Williams.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define COROUTINE __attribute__((noreturn, fastcall)) void
+#define COROUTINE_LIMITED_ADDRESS_SPACE
+
+enum {COROUTINE_REGISTERS = 4};
+
+struct coroutine_context
+{
+    void **stack_pointer;
+};
+
+typedef COROUTINE(* coroutine_start)(struct coroutine_context *from, struct coroutine_context *self) __attribute__((fastcall));
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize_main(struct coroutine_context * context) {
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void coroutine_initialize(
+    struct coroutine_context *context,
+    coroutine_start start,
+    void *stack,
+    size_t size
+) {
+    assert(start && stack && size >= 1024);
+
+    // Stack grows down. Force 16-byte alignment.
+    char * top = (char*)stack + size;
+    context->stack_pointer = (void**)((uintptr_t)top & ~0xF);
+
+    *--context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+    *--context->stack_pointer = (void*)start;
+
+    context->stack_pointer -= COROUTINE_REGISTERS;
+    memset(context->stack_pointer, 0, sizeof(void*) * COROUTINE_REGISTERS);
+}
+
+struct coroutine_context * coroutine_transfer(struct coroutine_context * current, struct coroutine_context * target) __attribute__((fastcall));
+
+static inline void coroutine_destroy(struct coroutine_context * context)
+{
+    context->stack_pointer = NULL;
+}
diff --git a/coverage/README b/coverage/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..78a01826aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coverage/README
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Usage
+
+The make task `update-coverage' retrieves simplecov for coverage report.
+
+COVERAGE=1 make test-all TESTS=test/cgi
+
+it generates test coverage to coverage directory.
+
+Limitation
+
+ * test_coverage.rb and test_process.rb broke test suit with SimpleCov
+ * some tests failed randomly.
+
+TODO
+
+ * more reduce bundled simplecov(additional configuration, formatter, etc)
+ * measure rubyspec coverage
diff --git a/cygwin/GNUmakefile.in b/cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
index 19d1727dd7..86098814a1 100644
--- a/cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
+++ b/cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
+gnumake = yes
+
 include Makefile
--include uncommon.mk
 
 ENABLE_SHARED=@ENABLE_SHARED@
 DLLWRAP = @DLLWRAP@ --target=@target_os@ --driver-name="$(CC)"
-WINDRES = @WINDRES@ --preprocessor="$(CPP) -xc" -DRC_INVOKED
+windres-cpp := $(CPP) -xc
+windres-cpp := --preprocessor=$(firstword $(windres-cpp)) \
+	$(addprefix --preprocessor-arg=,$(wordlist 2,$(words $(windres-cpp)),$(windres-cpp)))
+WINDRES = @WINDRES@ $(windres-cpp) -DRC_INVOKED
+STRIP = @STRIP@
 
 ifeq (@target_os@,cygwin)
   DLL_BASE_NAME := $(LIBRUBY_SO:.dll=)
@@ -11,9 +16,6 @@ else
   DLL_BASE_NAME := $(RUBY_SO_NAME)
   DLLWRAP += -mno-cygwin
   VPATH := $(VPATH):$(srcdir)/win32
-  STUBPROGRAM = rubystub$(EXEEXT)
-  IGNOREDPATTERNS = %~ .% %.orig %.rej \#%\#
-  SCRIPTPROGRAMS = $(addsuffix $(EXEEXT),$(filter-out $(IGNOREDPATTERNS),$(notdir $(wildcard $(srcdir)/bin/*))))
 endif
 
 ifneq ($(ENABLE_SHARED),yes)
@@ -30,20 +32,18 @@ else
 endif
 
 WPROGRAM = $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME)$(EXEEXT)
+
+-include uncommon.mk
+
+include $(srcdir)/defs/gmake.mk
+
 SOLIBS := $(DLL_BASE_NAME).res.@OBJEXT@ $(SOLIBS)
-EXTOBJS += $(if $(filter-out $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME),$(@:$(EXEEXT)=)),$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME),$(@:$(EXEEXT)=)).res.$(OBJEXT)
+override EXTOBJS += $(if $(filter-out $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME),$(@:$(EXEEXT)=)),$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME),$(@:$(EXEEXT)=)).res.$(OBJEXT)
 RCFILES = $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).rc $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME).rc $(DLL_BASE_NAME).rc
 RUBYDEF = $(DLL_BASE_NAME).def
 
 ruby: $(PROGRAM)
 rubyw: $(WPROGRAM)
-stub: $(STUBPROGRAM)
-scriptbin: $(SCRIPTPROGRAMS)
-
-%$(EXEEXT): bin/% $(STUBPROGRAM)
-	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) { cat $(STUBPROGRAM); echo; sed -e '1{' -e '/^#!.*ruby/!i\' -e '#!/bin/ruby' -e '}' $<; } > $@
-	$(Q) chmod +x $@
 
 $(LIBRUBY): $(RUBY_EXP) $(LIBRUBY_SO)
 $(RUBY_EXP) $(LIBRUBY_SO): $(DLL_BASE_NAME).res.@OBJEXT@
@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ $(RUBY_EXP) $(LIBRUBY_SO): $(DLL_BASE_NAME).res.@OBJEXT@
 	$(ECHO) compiling $@
 	$(Q) $(WINDRES) --include-dir . --include-dir $(<D) --include-dir $(srcdir)/win32 $< $@
 
-$(RCFILES): $(RBCONFIG) $(srcdir)/revision.h $(srcdir)/win32/resource.rb
+%.rc: $(RBCONFIG) $(srcdir)/revision.h $(srcdir)/win32/resource.rb
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
 	$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/win32/resource.rb \
 	  -ruby_name=$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME) -rubyw_name=$(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME) \
-	  -so_name=$(DLL_BASE_NAME) \
+	  -so_name=$(DLL_BASE_NAME) -output=$(*F) \
 	  . $(icondirs) $(srcdir)/win32
 
 $(PROGRAM): $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).res.@OBJEXT@
@@ -65,11 +65,7 @@ $(WPROGRAM): $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME).res.@OBJEXT@
 	$(ECHO) linking $@
 	$(Q) $(PURIFY) $(CC) -mwindows -e $(SYMBOL_PREFIX)mainCRTStartup $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) \
 	  $(MAINOBJ) $(EXTOBJS) $(LIBRUBYARG) $(LIBS) -o $@
-$(STUBPROGRAM): $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).res.@OBJEXT@ stub.@OBJEXT@
-	@rm -f $@
-	$(ECHO) linking $@
-	$(Q) $(PURIFY) $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) \
-	  stub.@OBJEXT@ $(EXTOBJS) $(LIBRUBYARG) $(LIBS) -o $@
+$(STUBPROGRAM): $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).res.@OBJEXT@
 
 $(RUBY_EXP): $(LIBRUBY_A)
 	$(ECHO) creating $@
@@ -84,7 +80,15 @@ GNUmakefile:	$(srcdir)/cygwin/GNUmakefile.in
 ifeq (@target_os@,mingw32)
 $(OBJS) $(MAINOBJ): win32.h
 
-dir.$(OBJEXT) win32.$(OBJEXT): win32/dir.h
+dir.$(OBJEXT) win32/win32.$(OBJEXT): win32/dir.h
+file.$(OBJEXT) win32/win32.$(OBJEXT): win32/file.h
+
+MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL_PARAM = --exclude=;--name=
+
+yes-test-ruby:	 export MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL=$(MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL_PARAM)
+yes-test-all:	 export MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL=$(MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL_PARAM)
+yes-test-almost: export MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL=$(MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL_PARAM)
+
 endif
 
 $(LIBRUBY_SO): $(RUBYDEF)
@@ -95,13 +99,5 @@ $(RUBYDEF): $(LIBRUBY_A) $(PREP) $(RBCONFIG)
 
 clean-local::
 	@$(RM) $(RUBYDEF)
-
-ifeq (@target_os@,cygwin)
-cygwin-$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)$(MAJOR)$(MINOR)$(TEENY).dll: $(LIBRUBY_A) $(RUBYDEF)
-	$(ECHO) generating $@
-	$(Q) @DLLWRAP@ -s --def=$(RUBYDEF) -o $@
-endif
-
-clean-local::
 	@$(RM) $(RUBY_EXP) $(RCFILES:.rc=.res.@OBJEXT@)
 	@$(RM) $(RCFILES)
diff --git a/debug.c b/debug.c
index dcc710bc4a..75d4cc6569 100644
--- a/debug.c
+++ b/debug.c
@@ -9,13 +9,33 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#include "ruby/ruby.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "eval_intern.h"
+#include "id.h"
+#include "internal/signal.h"
+#include "internal/util.h"
 #include "ruby/encoding.h"
+#include "ruby/io.h"
+#include "ruby/ruby.h"
 #include "ruby/util.h"
-#include "debug.h"
-#include "eval_intern.h"
+#include "symbol.h"
 #include "vm_core.h"
-#include "id.h"
+#include "vm_debug.h"
+#include "vm_callinfo.h"
+#include "ruby/thread_native.h"
+#include "ractor_core.h"
+
+/* This is the only place struct RIMemo is actually used */
+struct RIMemo {
+    VALUE flags;
+    VALUE v0;
+    VALUE v1;
+    VALUE v2;
+    VALUE v3;
+};
 
 /* for gdb */
 const union {
@@ -24,52 +44,54 @@ const union {
     enum ruby_tag_type          tag_type;
     enum node_type              node_type;
     enum ruby_method_ids        method_ids;
+    enum ruby_id_types          id_types;
+    enum ruby_fl_type           fl_types;
+    enum ruby_fl_ushift         fl_ushift;
+    enum ruby_encoding_consts   encoding_consts;
+    enum ruby_coderange_type    enc_coderange_types;
+    enum ruby_econv_flag_type   econv_flag_types;
+    rb_econv_result_t           econv_result;
+    enum ruby_robject_flags     robject_flags;
+    enum ruby_robject_consts    robject_consts;
+    enum ruby_rmodule_flags     rmodule_flags;
+    enum ruby_rstring_flags     rstring_flags;
+    enum ruby_rstring_consts    rstring_consts;
+    enum ruby_rarray_flags      rarray_flags;
+    enum ruby_rarray_consts     rarray_consts;
     enum {
-        RUBY_ENCODING_INLINE_MAX = ENCODING_INLINE_MAX,
-        RUBY_ENCODING_SHIFT = ENCODING_SHIFT,
-        RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_MASK    = ENC_CODERANGE_MASK,
-        RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_UNKNOWN = ENC_CODERANGE_UNKNOWN,
-        RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT    = ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT,
-        RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_VALID   = ENC_CODERANGE_VALID,
-        RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_BROKEN  = ENC_CODERANGE_BROKEN,
-        RUBY_FL_MARK        = FL_MARK,
-        RUBY_FL_RESERVED    = FL_RESERVED,
-        RUBY_FL_FINALIZE    = FL_FINALIZE,
-        RUBY_FL_TAINT       = FL_TAINT,
-        RUBY_FL_UNTRUSTED   = FL_UNTRUSTED,
-        RUBY_FL_EXIVAR      = FL_EXIVAR,
-        RUBY_FL_FREEZE      = FL_FREEZE,
-        RUBY_FL_SINGLETON   = FL_SINGLETON,
-        RUBY_FL_USER0       = FL_USER0,
-        RUBY_FL_USER1       = FL_USER1,
-        RUBY_FL_USER2       = FL_USER2,
-        RUBY_FL_USER3       = FL_USER3,
-        RUBY_FL_USER4       = FL_USER4,
-        RUBY_FL_USER5       = FL_USER5,
-        RUBY_FL_USER6       = FL_USER6,
-        RUBY_FL_USER7       = FL_USER7,
-        RUBY_FL_USER8       = FL_USER8,
-        RUBY_FL_USER9       = FL_USER9,
-        RUBY_FL_USER10      = FL_USER10,
-        RUBY_FL_USER11      = FL_USER11,
-        RUBY_FL_USER12      = FL_USER12,
-        RUBY_FL_USER13      = FL_USER13,
-        RUBY_FL_USER14      = FL_USER14,
-        RUBY_FL_USER15      = FL_USER15,
-        RUBY_FL_USER16      = FL_USER16,
-        RUBY_FL_USER17      = FL_USER17,
-        RUBY_FL_USER18      = FL_USER18,
-        RUBY_FL_USHIFT      = FL_USHIFT,
+	RUBY_FMODE_READABLE		= FMODE_READABLE,
+	RUBY_FMODE_WRITABLE		= FMODE_WRITABLE,
+	RUBY_FMODE_READWRITE		= FMODE_READWRITE,
+	RUBY_FMODE_BINMODE		= FMODE_BINMODE,
+	RUBY_FMODE_SYNC 		= FMODE_SYNC,
+	RUBY_FMODE_TTY			= FMODE_TTY,
+	RUBY_FMODE_DUPLEX		= FMODE_DUPLEX,
+	RUBY_FMODE_APPEND		= FMODE_APPEND,
+	RUBY_FMODE_CREATE		= FMODE_CREATE,
+	RUBY_FMODE_NOREVLOOKUP		= 0x00000100,
+	RUBY_FMODE_TRUNC		= FMODE_TRUNC,
+	RUBY_FMODE_TEXTMODE		= FMODE_TEXTMODE,
+	RUBY_FMODE_PREP 		= 0x00010000,
+	RUBY_FMODE_SETENC_BY_BOM	= FMODE_SETENC_BY_BOM,
+	RUBY_FMODE_UNIX 		= 0x00200000,
+	RUBY_FMODE_INET 		= 0x00400000,
+	RUBY_FMODE_INET6		= 0x00800000,
+
         RUBY_NODE_TYPESHIFT = NODE_TYPESHIFT,
         RUBY_NODE_TYPEMASK  = NODE_TYPEMASK,
         RUBY_NODE_LSHIFT    = NODE_LSHIFT,
         RUBY_NODE_FL_NEWLINE   = NODE_FL_NEWLINE
     } various;
+    union {
+	enum imemo_type                     types;
+	enum {RUBY_IMEMO_MASK = IMEMO_MASK} mask;
+	struct RIMemo                      *ptr;
+    } imemo;
+    struct RSymbol *symbol_ptr;
+    enum vm_call_flag_bits vm_call_flags;
 } ruby_dummy_gdb_enums;
 
-const VALUE RUBY_FL_USER19    = FL_USER19;
 const SIGNED_VALUE RUBY_NODE_LMASK = NODE_LMASK;
-const VALUE RUBY_ENCODING_MASK  = ENCODING_MASK;
 
 int
 ruby_debug_print_indent(int level, int debug_level, int indent_level)
@@ -91,14 +113,16 @@ ruby_debug_printf(const char *format, ...)
     va_end(ap);
 }
 
+#include "gc.h"
+
 VALUE
 ruby_debug_print_value(int level, int debug_level, const char *header, VALUE obj)
 {
     if (level < debug_level) {
-	VALUE str;
-	str = rb_inspect(obj);
-	fprintf(stderr, "DBG> %s: %s\n", header,
-		obj == (VALUE)(SIGNED_VALUE)-1 ? "" : StringValueCStr(str));
+	char buff[0x100];
+	rb_raw_obj_info(buff, 0x100, obj);
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "DBG> %s: %s\n", header, buff);
 	fflush(stderr);
     }
     return obj;
@@ -136,27 +160,352 @@ ruby_debug_breakpoint(void)
     /* */
 }
 
-static void
-set_debug_option(const char *str, int len, void *arg)
+#if defined _WIN32
+# if RUBY_MSVCRT_VERSION >= 80
+extern int ruby_w32_rtc_error;
+# endif
+#endif
+#if defined _WIN32 || defined __CYGWIN__
+#include <windows.h>
+UINT ruby_w32_codepage[2];
+#endif
+extern int ruby_rgengc_debug;
+extern int ruby_on_ci;
+
+int
+ruby_env_debug_option(const char *str, int len, void *arg)
 {
-#define SET_WHEN(name, var) do {	    \
+    int ov;
+    size_t retlen;
+    unsigned long n;
+#define SET_WHEN(name, var, val) do {	    \
 	if (len == sizeof(name) - 1 &&	    \
 	    strncmp(str, (name), len) == 0) { \
-	    extern int var;	    \
-	    var = 1;		    \
-	    return;			    \
+	    (var) = (val);		    \
+	    return 1;			    \
 	}				    \
     } while (0)
-    SET_WHEN("gc_stress", *ruby_initial_gc_stress_ptr);
-    SET_WHEN("core", ruby_enable_coredump);
-#if defined _WIN32 && defined _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1400
-    SET_WHEN("rtc_error", ruby_w32_rtc_error);
+#define NAME_MATCH_VALUE(name)				\
+    ((size_t)len >= sizeof(name)-1 &&			\
+     strncmp(str, (name), sizeof(name)-1) == 0 &&	\
+     ((len == sizeof(name)-1 && !(len = 0)) ||		\
+      (str[sizeof(name)-1] == '=' &&			\
+       (str += sizeof(name), len -= sizeof(name), 1))))
+#define SET_UINT(val) do { \
+	n = ruby_scan_digits(str, len, 10, &retlen, &ov); \
+	if (!ov && retlen) { \
+	    val = (unsigned int)n; \
+	} \
+	str += retlen; \
+	len -= retlen; \
+    } while (0)
+#define SET_UINT_LIST(name, vals, num) do { \
+	int i; \
+	for (i = 0; i < (num); ++i) { \
+	    SET_UINT((vals)[i]); \
+	    if (!len || *str != ':') break; \
+	    ++str; \
+	    --len; \
+	} \
+	if (len > 0) { \
+	    fprintf(stderr, "ignored "name" option: `%.*s'\n", len, str); \
+	} \
+    } while (0)
+#define SET_WHEN_UINT(name, vals, num, req) \
+    if (NAME_MATCH_VALUE(name)) SET_UINT_LIST(name, vals, num);
+
+    SET_WHEN("gc_stress", *ruby_initial_gc_stress_ptr, Qtrue);
+    SET_WHEN("core", ruby_enable_coredump, 1);
+    SET_WHEN("ci", ruby_on_ci, 1);
+    if (NAME_MATCH_VALUE("rgengc")) {
+	if (!len) ruby_rgengc_debug = 1;
+	else SET_UINT_LIST("rgengc", &ruby_rgengc_debug, 1);
+	return 1;
+    }
+#if defined _WIN32
+# if RUBY_MSVCRT_VERSION >= 80
+    SET_WHEN("rtc_error", ruby_w32_rtc_error, 1);
+# endif
 #endif
-    fprintf(stderr, "unexpected debug option: %.*s\n", len, str);
+#if defined _WIN32 || defined __CYGWIN__
+    if (NAME_MATCH_VALUE("codepage")) {
+	if (!len) fprintf(stderr, "missing codepage argument");
+	else SET_UINT_LIST("codepage", ruby_w32_codepage, numberof(ruby_w32_codepage));
+	return 1;
+    }
+#endif
+    return 0;
 }
 
+static void
+set_debug_option(const char *str, int len, void *arg)
+{
+    if (!ruby_env_debug_option(str, len, arg)) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "unexpected debug option: %.*s\n", len, str);
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG
+STATIC_ASSERT(USE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG, USE_RUBY_DEBUG_LOG ? RUBY_DEVEL : 1);
+#endif
+
+#if RUBY_DEVEL
+static void setup_debug_log(void);
+#else
+#define setup_debug_log()
+#endif
+
 void
 ruby_set_debug_option(const char *str)
 {
     ruby_each_words(str, set_debug_option, 0);
+    setup_debug_log();
+}
+
+#if RUBY_DEVEL
+
+// RUBY_DEBUG_LOG features
+// See vm_debug.h comments for details.
+
+#define MAX_DEBUG_LOG             0x1000
+#define MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN 0x0200
+#define MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER      0x0010
+
+enum ruby_debug_log_mode ruby_debug_log_mode;
+
+static struct {
+    char *mem;
+    unsigned int cnt;
+    char filters[MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER][MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER];
+    unsigned int filters_num;
+    rb_nativethread_lock_t lock;
+    FILE *output;
+} debug_log;
+
+static char *
+RUBY_DEBUG_LOG_MEM_ENTRY(unsigned int index)
+{
+    return &debug_log.mem[MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN * index];
+}
+
+static void
+setup_debug_log(void)
+{
+    // check RUBY_DEBUG_LOG
+    const char *log_config = getenv("RUBY_DEBUG_LOG");
+    if (log_config) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "RUBY_DEBUG_LOG=%s\n", log_config);
+
+        if  (strcmp(log_config, "mem") == 0) {
+            debug_log.mem = (char *)malloc(MAX_DEBUG_LOG * MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN);
+            if (debug_log.mem == NULL) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "setup_debug_log failed (can't allocate memory)\n");
+                exit(1);
+            }
+            ruby_debug_log_mode |= ruby_debug_log_memory;
+        }
+        else if (strcmp(log_config, "stderr") == 0) {
+            ruby_debug_log_mode |= ruby_debug_log_stderr;
+        }
+        else {
+            ruby_debug_log_mode |= ruby_debug_log_file;
+            if ((debug_log.output = fopen(log_config, "w")) == NULL) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "can not open %s for RUBY_DEBUG_LOG\n", log_config);
+                exit(1);
+            }
+            setvbuf(debug_log.output, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
+        }
+
+        rb_nativethread_lock_initialize(&debug_log.lock);
+    }
+
+    // check RUBY_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER
+    const char *filter_config = getenv("RUBY_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER");
+    if (filter_config && strlen(filter_config) > 0) {
+        unsigned int i;
+        for (i=0; i<MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER; i++) {
+            const char *p;
+            if ((p = strchr(filter_config, ',')) == NULL) {
+                if (strlen(filter_config) >= MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER) {
+                    fprintf(stderr, "too long: %s (max:%d)\n", filter_config, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER);
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                strncpy(debug_log.filters[i], filter_config, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER - 1);
+                i++;
+                break;
+            }
+            else {
+                size_t n = p - filter_config;
+                if (n >= MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER) {
+                    fprintf(stderr, "too long: %s (max:%d)\n", filter_config, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER);
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                strncpy(debug_log.filters[i], filter_config, n);
+                filter_config = p+1;
+            }
+        }
+        debug_log.filters_num = i;
+        for (i=0; i<debug_log.filters_num; i++) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "RUBY_DEBUG_LOG_FILTER[%d]=%s\n", i, debug_log.filters[i]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool
+ruby_debug_log_filter(const char *func_name)
+{
+    if (debug_log.filters_num > 0) {
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i<debug_log.filters_num; i++) {
+            if (strstr(func_name, debug_log.filters[i]) != NULL) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    else {
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
+static const char *
+pretty_filename(const char *path)
+{
+    // basename is one idea.
+    const char *s;
+    while ((s = strchr(path, '/')) != NULL) {
+        path = s+1;
+    }
+    return path;
+}
+
+void
+ruby_debug_log(const char *file, int line, const char *func_name, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+    char buff[MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN] = {0};
+    int len = 0;
+    int r = 0;
+
+    // message title
+    if (func_name && len < MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN) {
+        r = snprintf(buff + len, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN, "%s\t", func_name);
+        if (r < 0) rb_bug("ruby_debug_log returns %d\n", r);
+        len += r;
+    }
+
+    // message
+    if (fmt && len < MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN) {
+        va_list args;
+        va_start(args, fmt);
+        r = vsnprintf(buff + len, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN - len, fmt, args);
+        va_end(args);
+        if (r < 0) rb_bug("ruby_debug_log vsnprintf() returns %d", r);
+        len += r;
+    }
+
+    // optional information
+
+    // C location
+    if (file && len < MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN) {
+        r = snprintf(buff + len, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN, "\t%s:%d", pretty_filename(file), line);
+        if (r < 0) rb_bug("ruby_debug_log returns %d\n", r);
+        len += r;
+    }
+
+    // Ruby location
+    int ruby_line;
+    const char *ruby_file = rb_source_location_cstr(&ruby_line);
+    if (len < MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN) {
+        if (ruby_file) {
+            r = snprintf(buff + len, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN - len, "\t%s:%d", pretty_filename(ruby_file), ruby_line);
+        }
+        else {
+            r = snprintf(buff + len, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN - len, "\t");
+        }
+        if (r < 0) rb_bug("ruby_debug_log returns %d\n", r);
+        len += r;
+    }
+
+    // ractor information
+    if (ruby_single_main_ractor == NULL) {
+        rb_ractor_t *cr = GET_RACTOR();
+        if (r && len < MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN) {
+            r = snprintf(buff + len, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN - len, "\tr:#%u/%u",
+                         (unsigned int)rb_ractor_id(cr), GET_VM()->ractor.cnt);
+            if (r < 0) rb_bug("ruby_debug_log returns %d\n", r);
+            len += r;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // thread information
+    if (!rb_thread_alone()) {
+        const rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
+        if (r && len < MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN) {
+            r = snprintf(buff + len, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN - len, "\tth:%p", (void *)th);
+            if (r < 0) rb_bug("ruby_debug_log returns %d\n", r);
+            len += r;
+        }
+    }
+
+    rb_nativethread_lock_lock(&debug_log.lock);
+    {
+        unsigned int cnt = debug_log.cnt++;
+
+        if (ruby_debug_log_mode & ruby_debug_log_memory) {
+            unsigned int index = cnt % MAX_DEBUG_LOG;
+            char *dst = RUBY_DEBUG_LOG_MEM_ENTRY(index);
+            strncpy(dst, buff, MAX_DEBUG_LOG_MESSAGE_LEN);
+        }
+        if (ruby_debug_log_mode & ruby_debug_log_stderr) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%4u: %s\n", cnt, buff);
+        }
+        if (ruby_debug_log_mode & ruby_debug_log_file) {
+            fprintf(debug_log.output, "%u\t%s\n", cnt, buff);
+        }
+    }
+    rb_nativethread_lock_unlock(&debug_log.lock);
+}
+
+// for debugger
+static void
+debug_log_dump(FILE *out, unsigned int n)
+{
+    if (ruby_debug_log_mode & ruby_debug_log_memory) {
+        unsigned int size = debug_log.cnt > MAX_DEBUG_LOG ? MAX_DEBUG_LOG : debug_log.cnt;
+        unsigned int current_index = debug_log.cnt % MAX_DEBUG_LOG;
+        if (n == 0) n = size;
+        if (n > size) n = size;
+
+        for (unsigned int i=0; i<n; i++) {
+            int index = current_index - size + i;
+            if (index < 0) index += MAX_DEBUG_LOG;
+            VM_ASSERT(index <= MAX_DEBUG_LOG);
+            const char *mesg = RUBY_DEBUG_LOG_MEM_ENTRY(index);;
+            fprintf(out, "%4u: %s\n", debug_log.cnt - size + i, mesg);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        fprintf(stderr, "RUBY_DEBUG_LOG=mem is not specified.");
+    }
+}
+
+// for debuggers
+
+void
+ruby_debug_log_print(unsigned int n)
+{
+    debug_log_dump(stderr, n);
+}
+
+void
+ruby_debug_log_dump(const char *fname, unsigned int n)
+{
+    FILE *fp = fopen(fname, "w");
+    if (fp == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "can't open %s. give up.\n", fname);
+    }
+    else {
+        debug_log_dump(fp, n);
+        fclose(fp);
+    }
 }
+#endif // #if RUBY_DEVEL
diff --git a/debug.h b/debug.h
deleted file mode 100644
index f1d11304f0..0000000000
--- a/debug.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-/**********************************************************************
-
-  debug.h - YARV Debug function interface
-
-  $Author$
-  created at: 04/08/25 02:33:49 JST
-
-  Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Koichi Sasada
-
-**********************************************************************/
-
-#ifndef RUBY_DEBUG_H
-#define RUBY_DEBUG_H
-
-#include "ruby/ruby.h"
-#include "node.h"
-
-#if defined __GNUC__ && __GNUC__ >= 4
-#pragma GCC visibility push(default)
-#endif
-
-#define dpv(h,v) ruby_debug_print_value(-1, 0, (h), (v))
-#define dp(v)    ruby_debug_print_value(-1, 0, "", (v))
-#define dpi(i)   ruby_debug_print_id(-1, 0, "", (i))
-#define dpn(n)   ruby_debug_print_node(-1, 0, "", (n))
-
-#define bp()     ruby_debug_breakpoint()
-
-VALUE ruby_debug_print_value(int level, int debug_level, const char *header, VALUE v);
-ID    ruby_debug_print_id(int level, int debug_level, const char *header, ID id);
-NODE *ruby_debug_print_node(int level, int debug_level, const char *header, const NODE *node);
-int   ruby_debug_print_indent(int level, int debug_level, int indent_level);
-void  ruby_debug_breakpoint(void);
-void  ruby_debug_gc_check_func(void);
-void ruby_set_debug_option(const char *str);
-
-#if defined __GNUC__ && __GNUC__ >= 4
-#pragma GCC visibility pop
-#endif
-
-#endif /* RUBY_DEBUG_H */
diff --git a/debug_counter.c b/debug_counter.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e7b0bb0acd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debug_counter.c
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+
+  debug_counter.c -
+
+  created at: Tue Feb 21 16:51:18 2017
+
+  Copyright (C) 2017 Koichi Sasada
+
+**********************************************************************/
+
+#include "debug_counter.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include "ruby/thread_native.h"
+
+#if USE_DEBUG_COUNTER
+
+static const char *const debug_counter_names[] = {
+    ""
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(name) #name,
+#include "debug_counter.h"
+#undef RB_DEBUG_COUNTER
+};
+
+MJIT_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
+size_t rb_debug_counter[numberof(debug_counter_names)];
+void rb_debug_counter_add_atomic(enum rb_debug_counter_type type, int add);
+MJIT_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
+
+rb_nativethread_lock_t debug_counter_lock;
+
+__attribute__((constructor))
+static void
+debug_counter_setup(void)
+{
+    rb_nativethread_lock_initialize(&debug_counter_lock);
+}
+
+void
+rb_debug_counter_add_atomic(enum rb_debug_counter_type type, int add)
+{
+    rb_nativethread_lock_lock(&debug_counter_lock);
+    {
+        rb_debug_counter[(int)type] += add;
+    }
+    rb_nativethread_lock_unlock(&debug_counter_lock);
+}
+
+int debug_counter_disable_show_at_exit = 0;
+
+// note that this operation is not atomic.
+void
+ruby_debug_counter_reset(void)
+{
+    for (int i = 0; i < RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_MAX; i++) {
+        switch (i) {
+          case RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_mjit_length_unit_queue:
+          case RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_mjit_length_active_units:
+          case RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_mjit_length_compact_units:
+          case RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_mjit_length_stale_units:
+            // These counters may be decreased and should not be reset.
+            break;
+          default:
+            rb_debug_counter[i] = 0;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// note that this operation is not atomic.
+size_t
+ruby_debug_counter_get(const char **names_ptr, size_t *counters_ptr)
+{
+    int i;
+    if (names_ptr != NULL) {
+        for (i=0; i<RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_MAX; i++) {
+            names_ptr[i] = debug_counter_names[i];
+        }
+    }
+    if (counters_ptr != NULL) {
+        for (i=0; i<RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_MAX; i++) {
+            counters_ptr[i] = rb_debug_counter[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    return RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_MAX;
+}
+
+void
+ruby_debug_counter_show_at_exit(int enable)
+{
+    debug_counter_disable_show_at_exit = !enable;
+}
+
+void
+rb_debug_counter_show_results(const char *msg)
+{
+    const char *env = getenv("RUBY_DEBUG_COUNTER_DISABLE");
+
+    setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "");
+
+    if (env == NULL || strcmp("1", env) != 0) {
+	int i;
+        fprintf(stderr, "[RUBY_DEBUG_COUNTER]\t%d %s\n", getpid(), msg);
+	for (i=0; i<RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_MAX; i++) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "[RUBY_DEBUG_COUNTER]\t%-30s\t%'14"PRIuSIZE"\n",
+		    debug_counter_names[i],
+		    rb_debug_counter[i]);
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_debug_counter_show(RB_UNUSED_VAR(VALUE klass))
+{
+    rb_debug_counter_show_results("show_debug_counters");
+    ruby_debug_counter_show_at_exit(FALSE);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rb_debug_counter_reset(RB_UNUSED_VAR(VALUE klass))
+{
+    ruby_debug_counter_reset();
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+__attribute__((destructor))
+static void
+debug_counter_show_results_at_exit(void)
+{
+    if (debug_counter_disable_show_at_exit == 0) {
+        rb_debug_counter_show_results("normal exit.");
+    }
+}
+
+#else
+
+void
+rb_debug_counter_show_results(const char *msg)
+{
+}
+
+size_t
+ruby_debug_counter_get(const char **names_ptr, size_t *counters_ptr)
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+void
+ruby_debug_counter_reset(void)
+{
+}
+
+void
+ruby_debug_counter_show_at_exit(int enable)
+{
+}
+
+#endif /* USE_DEBUG_COUNTER */
diff --git a/debug_counter.h b/debug_counter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c20821db6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debug_counter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,461 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+
+  debug_counter.h -
+
+  created at: Tue Feb 21 16:51:18 2017
+
+  Copyright (C) 2017 Koichi Sasada
+
+**********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef USE_DEBUG_COUNTER
+#define USE_DEBUG_COUNTER 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef RB_DEBUG_COUNTER
+
+// method cache (IMC: inline method cache)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_inline_hit)              // IMC hit
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_inline_miss_klass)       // IMC miss by different class
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_inline_miss_invalidated) // IMC miss by invalidated ME
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_inline_miss_empty)       // IMC miss because prev is empty slot
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_inline_miss_same_cc)     // IMC miss, but same CC
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_inline_miss_same_cme)    // IMC miss, but same CME
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_inline_miss_same_def)    // IMC miss, but same definition
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_inline_miss_diff)        // IMC miss, different methods
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_cme_complement)          // number of acquiring complement CME
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_cme_complement_hit)      // number of cache hit for complemented CME
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_search)                  // count for method lookup in class tree
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_search_notfound)         //           method lookup, but not found
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mc_search_super)            // total traversed classes
+
+// callinfo
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ci_packed)  // number of packed CI
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ci_kw)      //           non-packed CI w/ keywords
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ci_nokw)    //           non-packed CI w/o keywords
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ci_runtime) //           creating temporary CI
+
+// callcache
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_new)        // number of CC
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_temp)       //           dummy CC (stack-allocated)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_found_in_ccs)      // count for CC lookup success in CCS
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_not_found_in_ccs)  // count for CC lookup success in CCS
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_ent_invalidate) // count for invalidating cc (cc->klass = 0)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_cme_invalidate) // count for invalidating CME
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_invalidate_leaf)          // count for invalidating klass if klass has no-sublcasses
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_invalidate_leaf_ccs)      //                        corresponding CCS
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_invalidate_leaf_callable) //                        complimented cache (no-subclasses)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_invalidate_tree)          // count for invalidating klass if klass has sublcasses
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_invalidate_tree_cme)      //                        cme if cme is found in this class or superclasses
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_invalidate_tree_callable) //                        complimented cache (subclasses)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(cc_invalidate_negative)      // count for invalidating negative cache
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccs_free)   // count for free'ing ccs
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccs_maxlen) // maximum length of ccs
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccs_found)      // count for finding corresponding ccs on method lookup
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccs_not_found)  // count for not found corresponding ccs on method lookup
+
+// vm_eval.c
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(call0_public)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(call0_other)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gccct_hit)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gccct_miss)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gccct_null)
+
+// iseq
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(iseq_num)    // number of total created iseq
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(iseq_cd_num) // number of total created cd (call_data)
+
+/*
+ * call cache fastpath usage
+ */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_general)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_iseq_setup)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_iseq_setup_0start)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_iseq_setup_tailcall_0start)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_iseq_fix) /* several functions created with tool/mk_call_iseq_optimized.rb */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_iseq_opt) /* has_opt == TRUE (has optional parameters), but other flags are FALSE */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_iseq_kw1) /* vm_call_iseq_setup_kwparm_kwarg() */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_iseq_kw2) /* vm_call_iseq_setup_kwparm_nokwarg() */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_cfunc)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_cfunc_with_frame)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_ivar) /* attr_reader */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_attrset) /* attr_writer */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_method_missing)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_zsuper)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_bmethod)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_opt_send)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_opt_call)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_opt_block_call)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ccf_super_method)
+
+/*
+ * control frame push counts.
+ *
+ * * frame_push: frame push counts.
+ * * frame_push_*: frame push counts per each type.
+ * * frame_R2R: Ruby frame to Ruby frame
+ * * frame_R2C: Ruby frame to C frame
+ * * frame_C2C: C frame to C frame
+ * * frame_C2R: C frame to Ruby frame
+ */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push_method)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push_block)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push_class)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push_top)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push_cfunc)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push_ifunc)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push_eval)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push_rescue)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_push_dummy)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_R2R)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_R2C)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_C2C)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(frame_C2R)
+
+/* instance variable counts
+ *
+ * * ivar_get_ic_hit/miss: ivar_get inline cache (ic) hit/miss counts (VM insn)
+ * * ivar_get_ic_miss_serial: ivar_get ic miss reason by serial (VM insn)
+ * * ivar_get_ic_miss_unset:                      ... by unset (VM insn)
+ * * ivar_get_ic_miss_noobject:                   ... by "not T_OBJECT" (VM insn)
+ * * ivar_set_...: same counts with ivar_set (VM insn)
+ * * ivar_get/set_base: call counts of "rb_ivar_get/set()".
+ *                      because of (1) ic miss.
+ *                                 (2) direct call by C extensions.
+ */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_ic_hit)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_ic_miss)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_ic_miss_serial)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_ic_miss_unset)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_ic_miss_noobject)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_ic_hit)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_ic_miss)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_ic_miss_serial)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_ic_miss_unset)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_ic_miss_iv_hit)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_ic_miss_noobject)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_get_base)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(ivar_set_base)
+
+/* local variable counts
+ *
+ * * lvar_get: total lvar get counts (VM insn)
+ * * lvar_get_dynamic: lvar get counts if accessing upper env (VM insn)
+ * * lvar_set*: same as "get"
+ * * lvar_set_slowpath: counts using vm_env_write_slowpath()
+ */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(lvar_get)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(lvar_get_dynamic)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(lvar_set)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(lvar_set_dynamic)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(lvar_set_slowpath)
+
+/* GC counts:
+ *
+ * * count: simple count
+ * * _minor: minor gc
+ * * _major: major gc
+ * * other suffix is corresponding to last_gc_info or
+ *   gc_profile_record_flag in gc.c.
+ */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_count)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_minor_newobj)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_minor_malloc)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_minor_method)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_minor_capi)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_minor_stress)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_major_nofree)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_major_oldgen)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_major_shady)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_major_force)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_major_oldmalloc)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_enter_start)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_enter_mark_continue)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_enter_sweep_continue)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_enter_rest)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_enter_finalizer)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_isptr_trial)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_isptr_range)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_isptr_align)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(gc_isptr_maybe)
+
+/* object allocation counts:
+ *
+ * * obj_newobj: newobj counts
+ * * obj_newobj_slowpath: newobj with slowpath counts
+ * * obj_newobj_wb_unprotected: newobj for wb_unprotected.
+ * * obj_free: obj_free() counts
+ * * obj_promote: promoted counts (oldgen)
+ * * obj_wb_unprotect: wb unprotect counts
+ *
+ * * obj_[type]_[attr]: *free'ed counts* for each type.
+ *                      Note that it is not a allocated counts.
+ * * [type]
+ *   * _obj: T_OBJECT
+ *   * _str: T_STRING
+ *   * _ary: T_ARRAY
+ *   * _xxx: T_XXX (hash, struct, ...)
+ *
+ * * [attr]
+ *   * _ptr: R?? is not embed.
+ *   * _embed: R?? is embed.
+ *   * _transient: R?? uses transient heap.
+ * * type specific attr.
+ *   * str_shared: str is shared.
+ *   * str_nofree:        nofree
+ *   * str_fstr:          fstr
+ *   * hash_empty: hash is empty
+ *   * hash_1_4:       has 1 to 4 entries
+ *   * hash_5_8:       has 5 to 8 entries
+ *   * hash_g8:        has n entries (n>8)
+ *   * match_under4:    has under 4 oniguruma regions allocated
+ *   * match_ge4:       has n regions allocated (4<=n<8)
+ *   * match_ge8:       has n regions allocated (8<=n)
+ *   * data_empty: T_DATA but no memory free.
+ *   * data_xfree:        free'ed by xfree().
+ *   * data_imm_free:     free'ed immediately.
+ *   * data_zombie:       free'ed with zombie.
+ *   * imemo_*: T_IMEMO with each type.
+ */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_newobj)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_newobj_slowpath)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_newobj_wb_unprotected)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_free)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_promote)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_wb_unprotect)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_obj_embed)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_obj_transient)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_obj_ptr)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_str_ptr)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_str_embed)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_str_shared)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_str_nofree)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_str_fstr)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_ary_embed)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_ary_transient)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_ary_ptr)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_ary_extracapa)
+/*
+  ary_shared_create: shared ary by Array#dup and so on.
+  ary_shared: finished in shard.
+  ary_shared_root_occupied: shared_root but has only 1 refcnt.
+    The number (ary_shared - ary_shared_root_occupied) is meaningful.
+ */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_ary_shared_create)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_ary_shared)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_ary_shared_root_occupied)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_empty)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_1)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_2)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_3)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_4)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_5_8)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_g8)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_null)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_ar)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_st)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_transient)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_hash_force_convert)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_struct_embed)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_struct_transient)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_struct_ptr)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_data_empty)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_data_xfree)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_data_imm_free)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_data_zombie)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_match_under4)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_match_ge4)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_match_ge8)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_match_ptr)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_iclass_ptr)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_class_ptr)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_module_ptr)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_bignum_ptr)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_bignum_embed)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_float)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_complex)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_rational)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_regexp_ptr)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_file_ptr)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_symbol)
+
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_ment)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_iseq)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_env)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_tmpbuf)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_ast)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_cref)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_svar)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_throw_data)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_ifunc)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_memo)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_parser_strterm)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_callinfo)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_callcache)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(obj_imemo_constcache)
+
+/* ar_table */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(artable_hint_hit)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(artable_hint_miss)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(artable_hint_notfound)
+
+/* heap function counts
+ *
+ * * heap_xmalloc/realloc/xfree: call counts
+ */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(heap_xmalloc)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(heap_xrealloc)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(heap_xfree)
+
+/* transient_heap */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(theap_alloc)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(theap_alloc_fail)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(theap_evacuate)
+
+// VM sync
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(vm_sync_lock)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(vm_sync_lock_enter)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(vm_sync_lock_enter_nb)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(vm_sync_lock_enter_cr)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(vm_sync_barrier)
+
+/* mjit_exec() counts */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_exec)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_exec_not_added)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_exec_not_ready)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_exec_not_compiled)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_exec_call_func)
+
+/* MJIT enqueue / unload */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_add_iseq_to_process)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_unload_units)
+
+/* MJIT <-> VM frame push counts */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_frame_VM2VM)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_frame_VM2JT)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_frame_JT2JT)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_frame_JT2VM)
+
+/* MJIT cancel counters */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel_ivar_inline)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel_exivar_inline)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel_send_inline)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel_opt_insn) /* CALL_SIMPLE_METHOD */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel_invalidate_all)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_cancel_leave)
+
+/* rb_mjit_unit_list length */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_length_unit_queue)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_length_active_units)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_length_compact_units)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_length_stale_units)
+
+/* Other MJIT counters */
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(mjit_compile_failures)
+
+/* load (not implemented yet) */
+/*
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(load_files)
+RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(load_path_is_not_realpath)
+*/
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RUBY_DEBUG_COUNTER_H
+#define RUBY_DEBUG_COUNTER_H 1
+
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
+#include <stddef.h>             /* for size_t */
+#include "ruby/ruby.h"          /* for VALUE */
+
+#if !defined(__GNUC__) && USE_DEBUG_COUNTER
+#error "USE_DEBUG_COUNTER is not supported by other than __GNUC__"
+#endif
+
+enum rb_debug_counter_type {
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER(name) RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_##name,
+#include __FILE__
+    RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_MAX
+#undef RB_DEBUG_COUNTER
+};
+
+#if USE_DEBUG_COUNTER
+extern size_t rb_debug_counter[];
+RUBY_EXTERN struct rb_ractor_struct *ruby_single_main_ractor;
+RUBY_EXTERN void rb_debug_counter_add_atomic(enum rb_debug_counter_type type, int add);
+
+inline static int
+rb_debug_counter_add(enum rb_debug_counter_type type, int add, int cond)
+{
+    if (cond) {
+        if (ruby_single_main_ractor != NULL) {
+            rb_debug_counter[(int)type] += add;
+        }
+        else {
+            rb_debug_counter_add_atomic(type, add);
+        }
+    }
+    return cond;
+}
+
+inline static int
+rb_debug_counter_max(enum rb_debug_counter_type type, unsigned int num)
+{
+    // TODO: sync
+    if (rb_debug_counter[(int)type] < num) {
+        rb_debug_counter[(int)type] = num;
+        return 1;
+    }
+    else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+VALUE rb_debug_counter_reset(VALUE klass);
+VALUE rb_debug_counter_show(VALUE klass);
+
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(type)                rb_debug_counter_add(RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_##type, 1, 1)
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC_UNLESS(type, cond) (!rb_debug_counter_add(RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_##type, 1, !(cond)))
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC_IF(type, cond)       rb_debug_counter_add(RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_##type, 1, !!(cond))
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_ADD(type, num)           rb_debug_counter_add(RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_##type, (num), 1)
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_SETMAX(type, num)        rb_debug_counter_max(RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_##type, (unsigned int)(num))
+
+#else
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(type)              ((void)0)
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC_UNLESS(type, cond) (!!(cond))
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC_IF(type, cond)     (!!(cond))
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_ADD(type, num)         ((void)0)
+#define RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_SETMAX(type, num)      0
+#endif
+
+void rb_debug_counter_show_results(const char *msg);
+
+RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
+
+size_t ruby_debug_counter_get(const char **names_ptr, size_t *counters_ptr);
+void ruby_debug_counter_reset(void);
+void ruby_debug_counter_show_at_exit(int enable);
+
+RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
+
+#endif /* RUBY_DEBUG_COUNTER_H */
diff --git a/defs/default_gems b/defs/default_gems
deleted file mode 100644
index 030d84f6f5..0000000000
--- a/defs/default_gems
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-# gem		versioning file			[executable files under bin]
-rake		lib/rake/version.rb		[rake]
-rdoc		lib/rdoc.rb			[rdoc ri]
-minitest	lib/minitest/unit.rb
-json		ext/json/lib/json/version.rb
-io-console	ext/io/console/io-console.gemspec
-bigdecimal	ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.gemspec
diff --git a/defs/gmake.mk b/defs/gmake.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f093fd4e26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/defs/gmake.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+# -*- mode: makefile-gmake; indent-tabs-mode: t -*-
+
+reconfig config.status: export MAKE:=$(MAKE)
+override gnumake_recursive := $(if $(findstring n,$(firstword $(MFLAGS))),,+)
+override mflags := $(filter-out -j%,$(MFLAGS))
+MSPECOPT += $(if $(filter -j%,$(MFLAGS)),-j)
+nproc = $(subst -j,,$(filter -j%,$(MFLAGS)))
+
+CHECK_TARGETS := great exam love check test check% test% btest%
+# expand test targets, and those dependents
+TEST_TARGETS := $(filter $(CHECK_TARGETS),$(MAKECMDGOALS))
+TEST_DEPENDS := $(filter-out commit $(TEST_TARGETS),$(MAKECMDGOALS))
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst great,exam,$(TEST_TARGETS))
+TEST_DEPENDS := $(filter-out great $(TEST_TARGETS),$(TEST_DEPENDS))
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst exam,check,$(TEST_TARGETS))
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst check,test-spec test-all test-tool test-short,$(TEST_TARGETS))
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst test-rubyspec,test-spec,$(TEST_TARGETS))
+TEST_DEPENDS := $(filter-out exam check test-spec $(TEST_TARGETS),$(TEST_DEPENDS))
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst love,check,$(TEST_TARGETS))
+TEST_DEPENDS := $(filter-out love $(TEST_TARGETS),$(TEST_DEPENDS))
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst test-almost,test-all,$(patsubst check-%,test test-%,$(TEST_TARGETS)))
+TEST_DEPENDS := $(filter-out test-all $(TEST_TARGETS),$(TEST_DEPENDS))
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst test,test-short,$(TEST_TARGETS))
+TEST_DEPENDS := $(filter-out test $(TEST_TARGETS),$(TEST_DEPENDS))
+TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst test-short,btest-ruby test-knownbug test-basic,$(TEST_TARGETS))
+TEST_DEPENDS := $(filter-out test-short $(TEST_TARGETS),$(TEST_DEPENDS))
+TEST_DEPENDS += $(if $(filter great exam love check,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),all exts)
+
+in-srcdir := $(if $(filter-out .,$(srcdir)),$(CHDIR) $(srcdir) &&)
+
+ifneq ($(filter -O0 -Od,$(optflags)),)
+override XCFLAGS := $(filter-out -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=%,$(XCFLAGS))
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(if $(filter all main exts enc trans libencs libenc libtrans \
+		    prog program ruby ruby$(EXEEXT) \
+		    wprogram rubyw rubyw$(EXEEXT) \
+		    miniruby$(EXEEXT) mini,\
+	     $(MAKECMDGOALS)),,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
+-include $(SHOWFLAGS)
+endif
+
+ifneq ($(filter universal-%,$(arch)),)
+define archcmd
+%.$(1).S: %.c
+	@$$(ECHO) translating $$< with $(2)
+	$$(Q) $$(CC) $$(CFLAGS_NO_ARCH) $(2) $$(XCFLAGS) $$(CPPFLAGS) $$(COUTFLAG)$$@ -S $$<
+
+%.S: %.$(1).S
+
+%.$(1).i: %.c
+	@$$(ECHO) preprocessing $$< with $(2)
+	$$(Q) $$(CPP) $$(warnflags) $(2) $$(XCFLAGS) $$(CPPFLAGS) $$(COUTFLAG)$$@ -E $$< > $$@
+
+%.i: %.$(1).i
+endef
+
+$(foreach arch,$(arch_flags),\
+	$(eval $(call archcmd,$(patsubst -arch=%,%,$(value arch)),$(patsubst -arch=%,-arch %,$(value arch)))))
+endif
+
+.PHONY: $(addprefix yes-,$(TEST_TARGETS))
+
+ifneq ($(filter-out btest%,$(TEST_TARGETS)),)
+$(addprefix yes-,$(TEST_TARGETS)): $(TEST_DEPENDS)
+endif
+
+ORDERED_TEST_TARGETS := $(filter $(TEST_TARGETS), \
+	btest-ruby test-knownbug test-basic \
+	test-testframework test-tool test-ruby test-all \
+	test-spec test-bundler-prepare test-bundler test-bundler-parallel \
+	)
+prev_test := $(if $(filter test-spec,$(ORDERED_TEST_TARGETS)),test-spec-precheck)
+$(foreach test,$(ORDERED_TEST_TARGETS), \
+	$(eval yes-$(value test) no-$(value test): $(value prev_test)); \
+	$(eval prev_test := $(value test)))
+
+ifneq ($(if $(filter install,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),$(filter uninstall,$(MAKECMDGOALS))),)
+install-targets := $(filter install uninstall,$(MAKECMDGOALS))
+$(word 1,$(install-targets)): $(word 0,$(install-targets))
+endif
+
+ifneq ($(filter reinstall,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
+install-prereq: uninstall
+uninstall sudo-precheck: all $(if $(filter all,$(INSTALLDOC)),docs)
+endif
+
+ifneq ($(filter love,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
+showflags: up
+sudo-precheck: test yes-test-testframework no-test-testframework
+install-prereq: sudo-precheck
+yes-test-all no-test-all: install
+endif
+yes-test-bundler-parallel: PARALLELRSPECOPTS += $(if $(nproc),-n$(shell expr $(nproc) + $(nproc) / 2))
+
+# Cross reference needs to parse all files at once
+love install reinstall: RDOCFLAGS = --force-update
+
+$(srcdir)/missing/des_tables.c: $(srcdir)/missing/crypt.c
+ifeq ($(if $(filter yes,$(CROSS_COMPILING)),,$(CC)),)
+	touch $@
+else
+	@$(ECHO) building make_des_table
+	$(CC) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -DDUMP $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) $(LIBS) -omake_des_table $(srcdir)/missing/crypt.c
+	@[ -x ./make_des_table ]
+	@$(ECHO) generating $@
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	$(Q) ./make_des_table > $@.new
+	$(Q) mv $@.new $@
+	$(Q) $(RMALL) make_des_table*
+endif
+
+config.status: $(wildcard config.cache)
+
+STUBPROGRAM = rubystub$(EXEEXT)
+IGNOREDPATTERNS = %~ .% %.orig %.rej \#%\#
+SCRIPTBINDIR := $(if $(EXEEXT),,exec/)
+SCRIPTPROGRAMS = $(addprefix $(SCRIPTBINDIR),$(addsuffix $(EXEEXT),$(filter-out $(IGNOREDPATTERNS),$(notdir $(wildcard $(srcdir)/libexec/*)))))
+
+stub: $(STUBPROGRAM)
+scriptbin: $(SCRIPTPROGRAMS)
+ifneq ($(STUBPROGRAM),rubystub)
+rubystub: $(STUBPROGRAM)
+endif
+
+$(SCRIPTPROGRAMS): $(STUBPROGRAM)
+
+$(STUBPROGRAM): rubystub.$(OBJEXT) $(LIBRUBY) $(MAINOBJ) $(OBJS) $(EXTOBJS) $(SETUP) $(PREP)
+
+rubystub$(EXEEXT):
+	@rm -f $@
+	$(ECHO) linking $@
+	$(Q) $(PURIFY) $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) rubystub.$(OBJEXT) $(EXTOBJS) $(LIBRUBYARG) $(MAINLIBS) $(LIBS) $(EXTLIBS) $(OUTFLAG)$@
+	$(Q) $(POSTLINK)
+	$(if $(STRIP),$(Q) $(STRIP) $@)
+
+$(SCRIPTBINDIR)%$(EXEEXT): bin/% $(STUBPROGRAM) \
+			   $(if $(SCRIPTBINDIR),$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.exec.time)
+	$(ECHO) generating $@
+	$(Q) { cat $(STUBPROGRAM); echo; sed -e '1{' -e '/^#!.*ruby/!i\' -e '#!/bin/ruby' -e '}' $<; } > $@
+	$(Q) chmod +x $@
+	$(Q) $(POSTLINK)
+
+$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.exec.time:
+	$(Q) mkdir exec
+	$(Q) exit > $@
+
+.PHONY: commit
+commit: $(if $(filter commit,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),$(filter-out commit,$(MAKECMDGOALS))) up
+	@$(BASERUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" -I./tool/lib -rvcs -e 'VCS.detect(".").commit'
+	+$(Q) \
+	{ \
+	  $(in-srcdir) \
+	  exec sed -f tool/prereq.status defs/gmake.mk template/Makefile.in common.mk; \
+	} | \
+	$(MAKE) $(mflags) Q=$(Q) ECHO=$(ECHO) srcdir="$(srcdir)" srcs_vpath="" CHDIR="$(CHDIR)" \
+		BOOTSTRAPRUBY="$(BOOTSTRAPRUBY)" MINIRUBY="$(BASERUBY)" BASERUBY="$(BASERUBY)" \
+		VCSUP="" ENC_MK=.top-enc.mk REVISION_FORCE=PHONY CONFIGURE="$(CONFIGURE)" -f - \
+		update-src srcs all-incs
+
+GITHUB_RUBY_URL = https://github.com/ruby/ruby
+PR =
+
+COMMIT_GPG_SIGN = $(shell git -C "$(srcdir)" config commit.gpgsign)
+REMOTE_GITHUB_URL = $(shell git -C "$(srcdir)" config remote.github.url)
+COMMITS_NOTES = commits
+
+.PHONY: fetch-github
+fetch-github:
+	$(call fetch-github,$(PR))
+
+define fetch-github
+	$(if $(1),,\
+	  echo "usage:"; echo "  make $@ PR=1234"; \
+	  exit 1; \
+	)
+	$(eval REMOTE_GITHUB_URL := $(REMOTE_GITHUB_URL))
+	$(if $(REMOTE_GITHUB_URL),, \
+	  echo adding $(GITHUB_RUBY_URL) as remote github; \
+	  git -C "$(srcdir)" remote add github $(GITHUB_RUBY_URL); \
+	  git -C "$(srcdir)" config --add remote.github.fetch +refs/notes/$(COMMITS_NOTES):refs/notes/$(COMMITS_NOTES)
+	  $(eval REMOTE_GITHUB_URL := $(GITHUB_RUBY_URL)) \
+	)
+	$(if $(git -C "$(srcdir)" rev-parse "github/pull/$(1)/head" -- 2> /dev/null), \
+	    git -C "$(srcdir)" branch -f "gh-$(1)" "github/pull/$(1)/head", \
+	    git -C "$(srcdir)" fetch -f github "pull/$(1)/head:gh-$(1)" \
+	)
+endef
+
+.PHONY: checkout-github
+checkout-github: fetch-github
+	git -C "$(srcdir)" checkout "gh-$(PR)"
+
+.PHONY: update-github
+update-github: fetch-github
+	$(eval PULL_REQUEST_API := https://api.github.com/repos/ruby/ruby/pulls/$(PR))
+	$(eval PULL_REQUEST_FORK_BRANCH := $(shell \
+	  curl -s $(if $(GITHUB_TOKEN),-H "Authorization: bearer $(GITHUB_TOKEN)") $(PULL_REQUEST_API) | \
+	  $(BASERUBY) -rjson -e 'JSON.parse(STDIN.read)["head"].tap { |h| print "#{h["repo"]["full_name"]} #{h["ref"]}" }' \
+	))
+	$(eval FORK_REPO := $(word 1,$(PULL_REQUEST_FORK_BRANCH)))
+	$(eval PR_BRANCH := $(word 2,$(PULL_REQUEST_FORK_BRANCH)))
+
+	$(eval GITHUB_UPDATE_WORKTREE := $(shell mktemp -d "$(srcdir)/gh-$(PR)-XXXXXX"))
+	git -C "$(srcdir)" worktree add $(notdir $(GITHUB_UPDATE_WORKTREE)) "gh-$(PR)"
+	git -C "$(GITHUB_UPDATE_WORKTREE)" merge master --no-edit
+	@$(BASERUBY) -e 'print "Are you sure to push this to PR=$(PR)? [Y/n]: "; exit(gets.chomp != "n")'
+	git -C "$(srcdir)" remote add fork-$(PR) git@github.com:$(FORK_REPO).git
+	git -C "$(GITHUB_UPDATE_WORKTREE)" push fork-$(PR) gh-$(PR):$(PR_BRANCH)
+	git -C "$(srcdir)" remote rm fork-$(PR)
+	git -C "$(srcdir)" worktree remove $(notdir $(GITHUB_UPDATE_WORKTREE))
+	git -C "$(srcdir)" branch -D gh-$(PR)
+
+.PHONY: pull-github
+pull-github: fetch-github
+	$(call pull-github,$(PR))
+
+define pull-github
+	$(eval GITHUB_MERGE_BASE := $(shell git -C "$(srcdir)" log -1 --format=format:%H))
+	$(eval GITHUB_MERGE_BRANCH := $(shell git -C "$(srcdir)" symbolic-ref --short HEAD))
+	$(eval GITHUB_MERGE_WORKTREE := $(shell mktemp -d "$(srcdir)/gh-$(1)-XXXXXX"))
+	git -C "$(srcdir)" worktree add $(notdir $(GITHUB_MERGE_WORKTREE)) "gh-$(1)"
+	git -C "$(GITHUB_MERGE_WORKTREE)" rebase $(GITHUB_MERGE_BRANCH)
+	$(eval COMMIT_GPG_SIGN := $(COMMIT_GPG_SIGN))
+	$(if $(filter true,$(COMMIT_GPG_SIGN)), \
+	  git -C "$(GITHUB_MERGE_WORKTREE)" rebase --exec "git commit --amend --no-edit -S" "$(GITHUB_MERGE_BASE)"; \
+	)
+	git -C "$(GITHUB_MERGE_WORKTREE)" rebase --exec "git notes add --message 'Merged: $(GITHUB_RUBY_URL)/pull/$(1)'" "$(GITHUB_MERGE_BASE)"
+endef
+
+.PHONY: fetch-github-%
+fetch-github-%:
+	$(call fetch-github,$*)
+
+.PHONY: checkout-github-%
+checkout-github-%: fetch-github-%
+	git -C "$(srcdir)" checkout "gh-$*"
+
+.PHONY: pr-% pull-github-%
+pr-% pull-github-%: fetch-github-%
+	$(call pull-github,$*)
+
+HELP_EXTRA_TASKS = \
+	"  checkout-github:     checkout GitHub Pull Request [PR=1234]" \
+	"  pull-github:         rebase GitHub Pull Request to new worktree [PR=1234]" \
+	"  update-github:       merge master branch and push it to Pull Request [PR=1234]" \
+	""
+
+extract-gems: $(HAVE_BASERUBY:yes=update-gems)
+
+bundled-gems := $(shell sed '/^[ 	]*\#/d;/^[ 	]*$$/d;s/[ 	][ 	]*/-/;s/[ 	].*//' $(srcdir)/gems/bundled_gems)
+
+update-gems: | $(patsubst %,gems/%.gem,$(bundled-gems))
+
+test-bundler-precheck: | $(srcdir)/.bundle/cache
+
+$(srcdir)/.bundle/cache:
+	$(MAKEDIRS) $(@D) $(CACHE_DIR)
+	$(LN_S) ../.downloaded-cache $@
+
+gems/%.gem:
+	$(ECHO) Downloading bundled gem $*...
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" \
+	    -I./tool -rdownloader \
+	    -e 'gem = "$(@F)"' \
+	    -e 'old = Dir.glob("gems/"+gem.sub(/-[^-]*$$/, "-*.gem"))' \
+	    -e 'Downloader::RubyGems.download(gem, "gems", nil) and' \
+	    -e '(old.delete("gems/#{gem}"); !old.empty?) and' \
+	    -e 'File.unlink(*old) and' \
+	    -e 'FileUtils.rm_rf(old.map{'"|n|"'n.chomp(".gem")})'
+
+extract-gems: | $(patsubst %,.bundle/gems/%,$(bundled-gems))
+
+.bundle/gems/%: gems/%.gem | .bundle/gems
+	$(ECHO) Extracting bundle gem $*...
+	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C "$(srcdir)" \
+	    -Itool -rgem-unpack \
+	    -e 'Gem.unpack("gems/$(@F).gem", ".bundle/gems")'
+
+$(srcdir)/.bundle/gems:
+	$(MAKEDIRS) $@
+
+ifneq ($(filter update-bundled_gems refresh-gems,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
+update-gems: update-bundled_gems
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(filter 0 1,$(words $(arch_flags))),)
+$(foreach x,$(patsubst -arch=%,%,$(arch_flags)), \
+	  $(eval $$(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)-$(value x).h \
+		 $$(MJIT_MIN_HEADER:.h=)-$(value x).h \
+		 $$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$$(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)-$(value x).time \
+		 : ARCH_FLAG := -arch $(value x)))
+
+$(foreach x,$(patsubst -arch=%,%,$(arch_flags)), \
+	$(eval $$(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)-$(value x).h: \
+		$$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$$(MJIT_HEADER:.h=)-$(value x).time))
+
+mjit_min_headers := $(patsubst -arch=%,$(MJIT_MIN_HEADER:.h=-%.h),$(arch_flags))
+$(MJIT_MIN_HEADER): $(mjit_min_headers) $(PREP)
+	@ set -e; set $(patsubst -arch=%,%,$(arch_flags)); \
+	cd $(@D); h=$(@F:.h=); \
+	exec > $(@F).new; \
+	echo '#if 0'; \
+	for arch; do\
+	  echo "#elif defined __$${arch}__"; \
+	  echo "# include \"$$h-$$arch.h\""; \
+	done; \
+	echo "#else"; echo "# error unsupported platform"; echo "#endif"
+	$(IFCHANGE) $@ $@.new
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(MJIT_HEADER_INSTALL_DIR)
+	$(Q) $(MAKE_LINK) $@ $(MJIT_HEADER_INSTALL_DIR)/$(@F)
+
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(if $(wildcard $(filter-out .,$(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES))),,\
+	   $(wildcard $(srcdir)/lib/unicode_normalize/tables.rb)),)
+# Needs the dependency when any Unicode data file exists, or
+# normalization tables script doesn't.  Otherwise, when the target
+# only exists, use it as-is.
+.PHONY: $(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/.unicode-tables.time
+UNICODE_TABLES_TIMESTAMP =
+$(UNICODE_SRC_DATA_DIR)/.unicode-tables.time: \
+	$(UNICODE_FILES) $(UNICODE_PROPERTY_FILES)
+endif
+
+REVISION_IN_HEADER := $(shell sed -n 's/^\#define RUBY_FULL_REVISION "\(.*\)"/\1/p' $(srcdir)/revision.h 2>/dev/null)
+REVISION_LATEST := $(shell $(CHDIR) $(srcdir) && git log -1 --format=%H 2>/dev/null)
+ifneq ($(REVISION_IN_HEADER),$(REVISION_LATEST))
+# GNU make treat the target as unmodified when its dependents get
+# updated but it is not updated, while others may not.
+$(srcdir)/revision.h: $(REVISION_H)
+endif
+
+# Query on the generated rdoc
+#
+#   $ make rdoc:Integer#+
+rdoc\:%: PHONY
+	$(Q)$(RUNRUBY) $(srcdir)/libexec/ri --no-standard-docs --doc-dir=$(RDOCOUT) $(patsubst rdoc:%,%,$@)
+
+test_%.rb test/%: programs PHONY
+	$(Q)$(exec) $(RUNRUBY) "$(TESTSDIR)/runner.rb" --ruby="$(RUNRUBY)" $(TEST_EXCLUDES) $(TESTOPTS) -- $(patsubst test/%,%,$@)
+
+spec/bundler/%: PHONY
+	$(Q)$(exec) $(XRUBY) -C $(srcdir) -Ispec/bundler .bundle/bin/rspec --require spec_helper $(RSPECOPTS) $@
+
+spec/bundler: test-bundler-parallel
+	$(Q)$(NULLCMD)
+
+spec/%: programs exts PHONY
+	$(RUNRUBY) -r./$(arch)-fake $(srcdir)/spec/mspec/bin/mspec-run -B $(srcdir)/spec/default.mspec $(SPECOPTS) $(patsubst %,$(srcdir)/%,$@)
+
+benchmark/%: miniruby$(EXEEXT) update-benchmark-driver PHONY
+	$(Q)$(BASERUBY) -rrubygems -I$(srcdir)/benchmark/lib $(srcdir)/benchmark/benchmark-driver/exe/benchmark-driver \
+	            --executables="compare-ruby::$(COMPARE_RUBY) -I$(EXTOUT)/common --disable-gem" \
+	            --executables="built-ruby::$(BENCH_RUBY) --disable-gem" \
+	            $(srcdir)/$@ $(BENCH_OPTS) $(OPTS)
+
+clean-srcs-ext::
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(patsubst $(srcdir)/%,%,$(EXT_SRCS))
+
+clean-srcs-extra::
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(patsubst $(srcdir)/%,%,$(EXTRA_SRCS))
+
+ifneq ($(filter $(VCS),git),)
+update-src::
+	@$(BASERUBY) $(tooldir)/lib/colorize.rb pass "Latest commit hash = $(shell $(filter-out svn,$(VCS)) -C $(srcdir) rev-parse --short=10 HEAD)"
+endif
+
+# Update dependencies and commit the updates to the current branch.
+update-deps:
+	$(eval update_deps := $(shell date +update-deps-%Y%m%d))
+	$(eval deps_dir := $(shell mktemp -d)/$(update_deps))
+	$(eval GIT_DIR := $(shell git -C $(srcdir) rev-parse --absolute-git-dir))
+	git --git-dir=$(GIT_DIR) worktree add $(deps_dir)
+	cp $(tooldir)/config.guess $(tooldir)/config.sub $(deps_dir)/tool
+	[ -f config.status ] && cp config.status $(deps_dir)
+	cd $(deps_dir) && autoconf && \
+	exec ./configure -q -C --enable-load-relative --disable-install-doc --disable-rubygems 'optflags=-O0' 'debugflags=-save-temps=obj -g'
+	$(RUNRUBY) -C $(deps_dir) tool/update-deps --fix
+	git -C $(deps_dir) diff --no-ext-diff --ignore-submodules --exit-code || \
+	    git -C $(deps_dir) commit --all --message='Update dependencies'
+	git --git-dir=$(GIT_DIR) worktree remove $(deps_dir)
+	$(RMDIR) $(dir $(deps_dir))
+	git --git-dir=$(GIT_DIR) merge --no-edit --ff-only $(update_deps)
+	git --git-dir=$(GIT_DIR) branch --delete $(update_deps)
+
+# order-only-prerequisites doesn't work for $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)
+# because the same named directory exists in the source tree.
+$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/%.$(DLEXT): $(srcdir)/$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/%.c $(srcdir)/$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/rubyspec.h $(RUBY_H_INCLUDES) $(LIBRUBY_SO)
+	$(ECHO) building $@
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
+	$(Q) $(DLDSHARED) $(XDLDFLAGS) $(XLDFLAGS) $(ARCH_FLAG) $(ARCH_FLAG) $(CFLAGS) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(OUTFLAG)$@ $< $(LIBRUBY_SO)
+	$(Q) $(RMALL) $@.*
+
+rubyspec-capiext: $(patsubst %.c,$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/%.$(DLEXT),$(notdir $(wildcard $(srcdir)/$(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT)/*.c)))
+	@ $(NULLCMD)
diff --git a/defs/id.def b/defs/id.def
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc7a04ffbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/defs/id.def
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+# -*- mode: ruby; coding: us-ascii -*-
+firstline, predefined = __LINE__+1, %[\
+  max
+  min
+  freeze
+  nil?
+  inspect
+  intern
+  object_id
+  const_missing
+  method_missing                                        MethodMissing
+  method_added
+  singleton_method_added
+  method_removed
+  singleton_method_removed
+  method_undefined
+  singleton_method_undefined
+  length
+  size
+  gets
+  succ
+  each
+  proc
+  lambda
+  send
+  __send__
+  __attached__
+  initialize
+  initialize_copy
+  initialize_clone
+  initialize_dup
+  to_int
+  to_ary
+  to_str
+  to_sym
+  to_hash
+  to_proc
+  to_io
+  to_a
+  to_s
+  to_i
+  to_f
+  to_r
+  bt
+  bt_locations
+  call
+  mesg
+  exception
+  locals
+  not                                                   NOT
+  and                                                   AND
+  or                                                    OR
+  div
+  divmod
+  fdiv
+  quo
+  name
+  nil
+
+  _                                                     UScore
+
+  # MUST be successive
+  _1  NUMPARAM_1
+  _2  NUMPARAM_2
+  _3  NUMPARAM_3
+  _4  NUMPARAM_4
+  _5  NUMPARAM_5
+  _6  NUMPARAM_6
+  _7  NUMPARAM_7
+  _8  NUMPARAM_8
+  _9  NUMPARAM_9
+
+  "/*NULL*/"                                            NULL
+  empty?
+  eql?
+  respond_to?                                           Respond_to
+  respond_to_missing?                                   Respond_to_missing
+  <IFUNC>
+  <CFUNC>
+  core#set_method_alias
+  core#set_variable_alias
+  core#undef_method
+  core#define_method
+  core#define_singleton_method
+  core#set_postexe
+  core#hash_merge_ptr
+  core#hash_merge_kwd
+  core#raise
+
+  -                                                     debug#created_info
+
+  $_                                                    LASTLINE
+  $~                                                    BACKREF
+  $!                                                    ERROR_INFO
+]
+
+# VM ID         OP      Parser Token
+token_ops = %[\
+  Dot2          ..      DOT2
+  Dot3          ...     DOT3
+  BDot2         ..      BDOT2
+  BDot3         ...     BDOT3
+  UPlus         +@      UPLUS
+  UMinus        -@      UMINUS
+  Pow           **      POW
+  Cmp           <=>     CMP
+  PLUS          +
+  MINUS         -
+  MULT          *
+  DIV           /
+  MOD           %
+  LTLT          <<      LSHFT
+  GTGT          >>      RSHFT
+  LT            <
+  LE            <=      LEQ
+  GT            >
+  GE            >=      GEQ
+  Eq            ==      EQ
+  Eqq           ===     EQQ
+  Neq           !=      NEQ
+  Not           !
+  And           &
+  Or            |
+  Backquote     `
+  EqTilde       =~      MATCH
+  NeqTilde      !~      NMATCH
+  AREF          []
+  ASET          []=
+  COLON2        ::
+  ANDOP         &&
+  OROP          ||
+  ANDDOT        &.
+]
+
+class KeywordError < RuntimeError
+  def self.raise(mesg, line)
+    super(self, mesg, ["#{__FILE__}:#{line}", *caller])
+  end
+end
+
+predefined_ids = {}
+preserved_ids = []
+local_ids = []
+instance_ids = []
+global_ids = []
+const_ids = []
+class_ids = []
+attrset_ids = []
+token_op_ids = []
+names = {}
+predefined.split(/^/).each_with_index do |line, num|
+  next if /^#/ =~ line
+  line.sub!(/\s+#.*/, '')
+  name, token = line.split
+  next unless name
+  token ||= name
+  if /#/ =~ token
+    token = "_#{token.gsub(/\W+/, '_')}"
+  else
+    token = token.sub(/\?/, 'P').sub(/\A[a-z]/) {$&.upcase}
+    token.sub!(/\A\$/, "_G_")
+    token.sub!(/\A@@/, "_C_")
+    token.sub!(/\A@/, "_I_")
+    token.gsub!(/\W+/, "")
+  end
+  if name == '-'
+    preserved_ids << token
+    next
+  end
+  if prev = names[name]
+    KeywordError.raise("#{name} is already registered at line #{prev+firstline}", firstline+num)
+  end
+  if prev = predefined_ids[token]
+    KeywordError.raise("#{token} is already used for #{prev} at line #{names[prev]+firstline}", firstline+num)
+  end
+  names[name] = num
+  case name
+  when /\A[A-Z]\w*\z/; const_ids
+  when /\A(?!\d)\w+\z/; local_ids
+  when /\A\$(?:\d+|(?!\d)\w+|\W)\z/; global_ids
+  when /\A@@(?!\d)\w+\z/; class_ids
+  when /\A@(?!\d)\w+\z/; instance_ids
+  when /\A((?!\d)\w+)=\z/; attrset_ids
+  else preserved_ids
+  end << token
+  predefined_ids[token] = name
+end
+token_ops.split(/^/).each do |line|
+  next if /^#/ =~ line
+  line.sub!(/\s+#.*/, '')
+  id, op, token = line.split
+  next unless id and op
+  token ||= (id unless /\A\W\z/ =~ op)
+  token_op_ids << [id, op, token]
+end
+{
+  "LOCAL" => local_ids,
+  "INSTANCE" => instance_ids,
+  "GLOBAL" => global_ids,
+  "CONST" => const_ids,
+  "CLASS" => class_ids,
+  "ATTRSET" => attrset_ids,
+  :preserved => preserved_ids,
+  :predefined => predefined_ids,
+  :token_op => token_op_ids,
+}
diff --git a/defs/keywords b/defs/keywords
index 1b5719aa85..fc30ec2d15 100644
--- a/defs/keywords
+++ b/defs/keywords
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 %{
-struct kwtable {const char *name; int id[2]; enum lex_state_e state;};
+struct kwtable {short name, id[2], state;};
 const struct kwtable *rb_reserved_word(const char *, unsigned int);
 #ifndef RIPPER
-static const struct kwtable *reserved_word(const char *, unsigned int);
+static const struct kwtable *reserved_word(/*!ANSI{*/const char *, unsigned int/*}!ANSI*/);
 #define rb_reserved_word(str, len) reserved_word(str, len)
 %}
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ __LINE__, {keyword__LINE__, keyword__LINE__}, EXPR_END
 __FILE__, {keyword__FILE__, keyword__FILE__}, EXPR_END
 BEGIN, {keyword_BEGIN, keyword_BEGIN}, EXPR_END
 END, {keyword_END, keyword_END}, EXPR_END
-alias, {keyword_alias, keyword_alias}, EXPR_FNAME
+alias, {keyword_alias, keyword_alias}, EXPR_FNAME|EXPR_FITEM
 and, {keyword_and, keyword_and}, EXPR_VALUE
 begin, {keyword_begin, keyword_begin}, EXPR_BEG
 break, {keyword_break, keyword_break}, EXPR_MID
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ self, {keyword_self, keyword_self}, EXPR_END
 super, {keyword_super, keyword_super}, EXPR_ARG
 then, {keyword_then, keyword_then}, EXPR_BEG
 true, {keyword_true, keyword_true}, EXPR_END
-undef, {keyword_undef, keyword_undef}, EXPR_FNAME
+undef, {keyword_undef, keyword_undef}, EXPR_FNAME|EXPR_FITEM
 unless, {keyword_unless, modifier_unless}, EXPR_VALUE
 until, {keyword_until, modifier_until}, EXPR_VALUE
 when, {keyword_when, keyword_when}, EXPR_VALUE
diff --git a/defs/known_errors.def b/defs/known_errors.def
index 3cebe90a8e..e9694cfbda 100644
--- a/defs/known_errors.def
+++ b/defs/known_errors.def
@@ -1,145 +1,157 @@
-EPERM
-ENOENT
-ESRCH
-EINTR
-EIO
-ENXIO
 E2BIG
-ENOEXEC
-EBADF
-ECHILD
-EAGAIN
-ENOMEM
 EACCES
-EFAULT
-ENOTBLK
-EBUSY
-EEXIST
-EXDEV
-ENODEV
-ENOTDIR
-EISDIR
-EINVAL
-ENFILE
-EMFILE
-ENOTTY
-ETXTBSY
-EFBIG
-ENOSPC
-ESPIPE
-EROFS
-EMLINK
-EPIPE
-EDOM
-ERANGE
-EDEADLK
-ENAMETOOLONG
-ENOLCK
-ENOSYS
-ENOTEMPTY
-ELOOP
-EWOULDBLOCK
-ENOMSG
-EIDRM
-ECHRNG
-EL2NSYNC
-EL3HLT
-EL3RST
-ELNRNG
-EUNATCH
-ENOCSI
-EL2HLT
+EADDRINUSE
+EADDRNOTAVAIL
+EADV
+EAFNOSUPPORT
+EAGAIN
+EALREADY
+EAUTH
+EBADARCH
 EBADE
+EBADEXEC
+EBADF
+EBADFD
+EBADMACHO
+EBADMSG
 EBADR
-EXFULL
-ENOANO
+EBADRPC
 EBADRQC
 EBADSLT
-EDEADLOCK
 EBFONT
-ENOSTR
-ENODATA
-ETIME
-ENOSR
-ENONET
-ENOPKG
-EREMOTE
-ENOLINK
-EADV
-ESRMNT
+EBUSY
+ECANCELED
+ECAPMODE
+ECHILD
+ECHRNG
 ECOMM
-EPROTO
-EMULTIHOP
-EDOTDOT
-EBADMSG
-EOVERFLOW
-ENOTUNIQ
-EBADFD
-EREMCHG
-ELIBACC
-ELIBBAD
-ELIBSCN
-ELIBMAX
-ELIBEXEC
-EILSEQ
-ERESTART
-ESTRPIPE
-EUSERS
-ENOTSOCK
-EDESTADDRREQ
-EMSGSIZE
-EPROTOTYPE
-ENOPROTOOPT
-EPROTONOSUPPORT
-ESOCKTNOSUPPORT
-EOPNOTSUPP
-EPFNOSUPPORT
-EAFNOSUPPORT
-EADDRINUSE
-EADDRNOTAVAIL
-ENETDOWN
-ENETUNREACH
-ENETRESET
 ECONNABORTED
-ECONNRESET
-ENOBUFS
-EISCONN
-ENOTCONN
-ESHUTDOWN
-ETOOMANYREFS
-ETIMEDOUT
 ECONNREFUSED
+ECONNRESET
+EDEADLK
+EDEADLOCK
+EDESTADDRREQ
+EDEVERR
+EDOM
+EDOOFUS
+EDOTDOT
+EDQUOT
+EEXIST
+EFAULT
+EFBIG
+EFTYPE
 EHOSTDOWN
 EHOSTUNREACH
-EALREADY
+EHWPOISON
+EIDRM
+EILSEQ
 EINPROGRESS
-ESTALE
-EUCLEAN
-ENOTNAM
-ENAVAIL
+EINTR
+EINVAL
+EIO
+EIPSEC
+EISCONN
+EISDIR
 EISNAM
-EREMOTEIO
-EDQUOT
-ECANCELED
 EKEYEXPIRED
 EKEYREJECTED
 EKEYREVOKED
+EL2HLT
+EL2NSYNC
+EL3HLT
+EL3RST
+ELAST
+ELIBACC
+ELIBBAD
+ELIBEXEC
+ELIBMAX
+ELIBSCN
+ELNRNG
+ELOOP
 EMEDIUMTYPE
+EMFILE
+EMLINK
+EMSGSIZE
+EMULTIHOP
+ENAMETOOLONG
+ENAVAIL
+ENEEDAUTH
+ENETDOWN
+ENETRESET
+ENETUNREACH
+ENFILE
+ENOANO
+ENOATTR
+ENOBUFS
+ENOCSI
+ENODATA
+ENODEV
+ENOENT
+ENOEXEC
 ENOKEY
+ENOLCK
+ENOLINK
 ENOMEDIUM
+ENOMEM
+ENOMSG
+ENONET
+ENOPKG
+ENOPOLICY
+ENOPROTOOPT
+ENOSPC
+ENOSR
+ENOSTR
+ENOSYS
+ENOTBLK
+ENOTCAPABLE
+ENOTCONN
+ENOTDIR
+ENOTEMPTY
+ENOTNAM
 ENOTRECOVERABLE
-EOWNERDEAD
-ERFKILL
-EAUTH
-EBADRPC
-EDOOFUS
-EFTYPE
-ENEEDAUTH
-ENOATTR
+ENOTSOCK
 ENOTSUP
+ENOTTY
+ENOTUNIQ
+ENXIO
+EOPNOTSUPP
+EOVERFLOW
+EOWNERDEAD
+EPERM
+EPFNOSUPPORT
+EPIPE
 EPROCLIM
 EPROCUNAVAIL
 EPROGMISMATCH
 EPROGUNAVAIL
+EPROTO
+EPROTONOSUPPORT
+EPROTOTYPE
+EPWROFF
+EQFULL
+ERANGE
+EREMCHG
+EREMOTE
+EREMOTEIO
+ERESTART
+ERFKILL
+EROFS
 ERPCMISMATCH
-EIPSEC
+ESHLIBVERS
+ESHUTDOWN
+ESOCKTNOSUPPORT
+ESPIPE
+ESRCH
+ESRMNT
+ESTALE
+ESTRPIPE
+ETIME
+ETIMEDOUT
+ETOOMANYREFS
+ETXTBSY
+EUCLEAN
+EUNATCH
+EUSERS
+EWOULDBLOCK
+EXDEV
+EXFULL
diff --git a/defs/lex.c.src b/defs/lex.c.src
index 1b5719aa85..fc30ec2d15 100644
--- a/defs/lex.c.src
+++ b/defs/lex.c.src
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 %{
-struct kwtable {const char *name; int id[2]; enum lex_state_e state;};
+struct kwtable {short name, id[2], state;};
 const struct kwtable *rb_reserved_word(const char *, unsigned int);
 #ifndef RIPPER
-static const struct kwtable *reserved_word(const char *, unsigned int);
+static const struct kwtable *reserved_word(/*!ANSI{*/const char *, unsigned int/*}!ANSI*/);
 #define rb_reserved_word(str, len) reserved_word(str, len)
 %}
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ __LINE__, {keyword__LINE__, keyword__LINE__}, EXPR_END
 __FILE__, {keyword__FILE__, keyword__FILE__}, EXPR_END
 BEGIN, {keyword_BEGIN, keyword_BEGIN}, EXPR_END
 END, {keyword_END, keyword_END}, EXPR_END
-alias, {keyword_alias, keyword_alias}, EXPR_FNAME
+alias, {keyword_alias, keyword_alias}, EXPR_FNAME|EXPR_FITEM
 and, {keyword_and, keyword_and}, EXPR_VALUE
 begin, {keyword_begin, keyword_begin}, EXPR_BEG
 break, {keyword_break, keyword_break}, EXPR_MID
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ self, {keyword_self, keyword_self}, EXPR_END
 super, {keyword_super, keyword_super}, EXPR_ARG
 then, {keyword_then, keyword_then}, EXPR_BEG
 true, {keyword_true, keyword_true}, EXPR_END
-undef, {keyword_undef, keyword_undef}, EXPR_FNAME
+undef, {keyword_undef, keyword_undef}, EXPR_FNAME|EXPR_FITEM
 unless, {keyword_unless, modifier_unless}, EXPR_VALUE
 until, {keyword_until, modifier_until}, EXPR_VALUE
 when, {keyword_when, keyword_when}, EXPR_VALUE
diff --git a/defs/opt_insn_unif.def b/defs/opt_insn_unif.def
index 1ac613dbea..31ae2eb6a1 100644
--- a/defs/opt_insn_unif.def
+++ b/defs/opt_insn_unif.def
@@ -8,12 +8,10 @@ __END__
 putobject putobject
 putobject putstring
 putobject setlocal
-putobject setdynamic
 
 putstring putstring
 putstring putobject
 putstring setlocal
-putstring setdynamic
 
 # putnil end
 
diff --git a/defs/opt_operand.def b/defs/opt_operand.def
index 5ca1d74028..887e3da49a 100644
--- a/defs/opt_operand.def
+++ b/defs/opt_operand.def
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# configration file for operand union optimization
+# configuration file for operand union optimization
 #
 # format:
 #   [insn name] op1, op2 ...
@@ -7,53 +7,16 @@
 #  wildcard: *
 #
 
-__END__
-
-getlocal 2
-getlocal 3
-getlocal 4
-
-setlocal 2
-setlocal 3
-setlocal 4
-
-getdynamic *, 0
-getdynamic 1, 0
-getdynamic 2, 0
-getdynamic 3, 0
-getdynamic 4, 0
-
-setdynamic *, 0
-setdynamic 1, 0
-setdynamic 2, 0
-setdynamic 3, 0
-setdynamic 4, 0
+getlocal *, 0
+getlocal *, 1
+setlocal *, 0
+setlocal *, 1
 
 putobject INT2FIX(0)
 putobject INT2FIX(1)
-putobject Qtrue
-putobject Qfalse
-
-# CALL
-send *, *, Qfalse, 0, *
-send *, 0, Qfalse, 0, *
-send *, 1, Qfalse, 0, *
-send *, 2, Qfalse, 0, *
-send *, 3, Qfalse, 0, *
-
-# FCALL
-send *, *, Qfalse, 0x04, *
-send *, 0, Qfalse, 0x04, *
-send *, 1, Qfalse, 0x04, *
-send *, 2, Qfalse, 0x04, *
-send *, 3, Qfalse, 0x04, *
-
-# VCALL
-send *, 0, Qfalse, 0x0c, *
-
 
 __END__
 
-
-
+putobject Qtrue
+putobject Qfalse
 
diff --git a/defs/separated_version.mk b/defs/separated_version.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..72ee093da7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/defs/separated_version.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# ******** FOR DEVELEPERS ONLY ********
+# Separate version.o into a shared library which varies every
+# revisions, in order to make the rest shareable.
+
+include $(firstword $(wildcard GNUmakefile Makefile))
+
+ifneq ($(filter @executable_path/%,$(DLDFLAGS)),)
+RUBY_VERSION_SO = $(subst ruby,ruby_version,$(LIBRUBY_SO))
+RUBY_VERSION_DLDFLAGS := $(patsubst @executable_path/%/$(LIBRUBY_SO),@loader_path/$(RUBY_VERSION_SO),$(DLDFLAGS)) -exported_symbol=Init_version
+else ifneq ($(findstring -soname,$(DLDFLAGS)),)
+RUBY_VERSION_SO = $(subst ruby,ruby_version,$(LIBRUBY_SO))
+RUBY_VERSION_DLDFLAGS := $(subst ruby,ruby_version,$(DLDFLAGS)) -Wl,-rpath-link,'$${ORIGIN}'
+else
+ERROR
+endif
+
+ifneq ($(RUBY_VERSION_SO),)
+
+version.$(OBJEXT): XCFLAGS := $(subst -fvisibility=hidden,,$(XCFLAGS))
+
+MINIOBJS += version.$(OBJEXT)
+DLDOBJS += $(RUBY_VERSION_SO)
+LIBRUBYARG_SHARED := -lruby_version $(LIBRUBYARG_SHARED)
+$(LIBRUBY_SO): COMMONOBJS := $(filter-out version.$(OBJEXT),$(COMMONOBJS))
+$(LIBRUBY_A): COMMONOBJS := $(sort version.$(OBJEXT) $(COMMONOBJS))
+
+$(LIBRUBY_SO): $(RUBY_VERSION_SO)
+
+$(RUBY_VERSION_SO): version.$(OBJEXT)
+	$(ECHO) linking shared-library $@
+	$(LDSHARED) $(RUBY_VERSION_DLDFLAGS) version.$(OBJEXT) $(OUTFLAG)$@
+	-$(Q) $(MINIRUBY) -e 'ARGV.each{|link|' \
+		-e   'File.delete link rescue nil' \
+		-e   'File.symlink "$(RUBY_VERSION_SO)", link' \
+		-e '}' \
+		$(subst ruby,ruby_version,$(LIBRUBY_ALIASES)) || true
+
+endif
diff --git a/defs/universal.mk b/defs/universal.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c34a31b356
--- /dev/null
+++ b/defs/universal.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+arch_flags := $(filter -arch=%,$(subst -arch ,-arch=,$(ARCH_FLAG)))
+ifeq ($(filter 0 1,$(words $(arch_flags))),)
+override MJIT_HEADER_SUFFIX = -%
+override MJIT_HEADER_ARCH = -$(word 2,$(ARCH_FLAG))
+endif
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 4246b10c9d..c19ef637a1 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#include "ruby/ruby.h"
-#include "ruby/encoding.h"
-#include "internal.h"
+#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
 
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 
@@ -22,6 +22,24 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #endif
 
+#ifndef O_CLOEXEC
+#  define O_CLOEXEC 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef USE_OPENDIR_AT
+# if defined(HAVE_FDOPENDIR) && defined(HAVE_DIRFD) && \
+    defined(HAVE_OPENAT) && defined(HAVE_FSTATAT)
+#   define USE_OPENDIR_AT 1
+# else
+#   define USE_OPENDIR_AT 0
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
+# include <fcntl.h>
+#endif
+
+#undef HAVE_DIRENT_NAMLEN
 #if defined HAVE_DIRENT_H && !defined _WIN32
 # include <dirent.h>
 # define NAMLEN(dirent) strlen((dirent)->d_name)
@@ -30,12 +48,8 @@
 # define NAMLEN(dirent) strlen((dirent)->d_name)
 #else
 # define dirent direct
-# if !defined __NeXT__
-#  define NAMLEN(dirent) (dirent)->d_namlen
-# else
-#  /* On some versions of NextStep, d_namlen is always zero, so avoid it. */
-#  define NAMLEN(dirent) strlen((dirent)->d_name)
-# endif
+# define NAMLEN(dirent) (dirent)->d_namlen
+# define HAVE_DIRENT_NAMLEN 1
 # if HAVE_SYS_NDIR_H
 #  include <sys/ndir.h>
 # endif
@@ -50,8 +64,6 @@
 # endif
 #endif
 
-#include <errno.h>
-
 #ifndef HAVE_STDLIB_H
 char *getenv();
 #endif
@@ -60,37 +72,156 @@ char *getenv();
 char *strchr(char*,char);
 #endif
 
-#include <ctype.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_ATTR_H
+#include <sys/attr.h>
+#endif
+
+#define USE_NAME_ON_FS_REAL_BASENAME 1	/* platform dependent APIs to
+					 * get real basenames */
+#define USE_NAME_ON_FS_BY_FNMATCH 2	/* select the matching
+					 * basename by fnmatch */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_GETATTRLIST
+# define USE_NAME_ON_FS USE_NAME_ON_FS_REAL_BASENAME
+# define RUP32(size) ((size)+3/4)
+# define SIZEUP32(type) RUP32(sizeof(type))
+#elif defined _WIN32
+# define USE_NAME_ON_FS USE_NAME_ON_FS_REAL_BASENAME
+#elif defined DOSISH
+# define USE_NAME_ON_FS USE_NAME_ON_FS_BY_FNMATCH
+#else
+# define USE_NAME_ON_FS 0
+#endif
 
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+# define NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH 1
+# include <sys/param.h>
+# include <sys/mount.h>
+# include <sys/vnode.h>
+#else
+# define NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH 0
+#endif
+
+#include "encindex.h"
+#include "id.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "internal/array.h"
+#include "internal/dir.h"
+#include "internal/encoding.h"
+#include "internal/error.h"
+#include "internal/file.h"
+#include "internal/gc.h"
+#include "internal/io.h"
+#include "internal/vm.h"
+#include "ruby/encoding.h"
+#include "ruby/ruby.h"
+#include "ruby/thread.h"
 #include "ruby/util.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
 
-#if !defined HAVE_LSTAT && !defined lstat
-#define lstat stat
+#ifndef AT_FDCWD
+# define AT_FDCWD -1
 #endif
 
+#define vm_initialized rb_cThread
+
 /* define system APIs */
 #ifdef _WIN32
-#undef chdir
-#define chdir(p) rb_w32_uchdir(p)
-#undef mkdir
-#define mkdir(p, m) rb_w32_umkdir((p), (m))
-#undef rmdir
-#define rmdir(p) rb_w32_urmdir(p)
-#undef opendir
-#define opendir(p) rb_w32_uopendir(p)
+# undef chdir
+# define chdir(p) rb_w32_uchdir(p)
+# undef mkdir
+# define mkdir(p, m) rb_w32_umkdir((p), (m))
+# undef rmdir
+# define rmdir(p) rb_w32_urmdir(p)
+# undef opendir
+# define opendir(p) rb_w32_uopendir(p)
+# define ruby_getcwd() rb_w32_ugetcwd(NULL, 0)
+# define IS_WIN32 1
+#else
+# define IS_WIN32 0
 #endif
 
-#define rb_sys_fail_path(path) rb_sys_fail_str(path)
+#if NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
+# if defined HAVE_FGETATTRLIST || !defined HAVE_GETATTRLIST
+#   define need_normalization(dirp, path) need_normalization(dirp)
+# else
+#   define need_normalization(dirp, path) need_normalization(path)
+# endif
+static inline int
+need_normalization(DIR *dirp, const char *path)
+{
+# if defined HAVE_FGETATTRLIST || defined HAVE_GETATTRLIST
+    u_int32_t attrbuf[SIZEUP32(fsobj_tag_t)];
+    struct attrlist al = {ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT, 0, ATTR_CMN_OBJTAG,};
+#   if defined HAVE_FGETATTRLIST
+    int ret = fgetattrlist(dirfd(dirp), &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), 0);
+#   else
+    int ret = getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), 0);
+#   endif
+    if (!ret) {
+	const fsobj_tag_t *tag = (void *)(attrbuf+1);
+	switch (*tag) {
+	  case VT_HFS:
+	  case VT_CIFS:
+	    return TRUE;
+	}
+    }
+# endif
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+static inline int
+has_nonascii(const char *ptr, size_t len)
+{
+    while (len > 0) {
+	if (!ISASCII(*ptr)) return 1;
+	ptr++;
+	--len;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+# define IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(something) something
+#else
+# define IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(something) /* nothing */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IFTODT
+# define IFTODT(m)	(((m) & S_IFMT) / ((~S_IFMT & (S_IFMT-1)) + 1))
+#endif
+
+typedef enum {
+#ifdef DT_UNKNOWN
+    path_exist     = DT_UNKNOWN,
+    path_directory = DT_DIR,
+    path_regular   = DT_REG,
+    path_symlink   = DT_LNK,
+#else
+    path_exist,
+    path_directory = IFTODT(S_IFDIR),
+    path_regular   = IFTODT(S_IFREG),
+    path_symlink   = IFTODT(S_IFLNK),
+#endif
+    path_noent = -1,
+    path_unknown = -2
+} rb_pathtype_t;
 
 #define FNM_NOESCAPE	0x01
 #define FNM_PATHNAME	0x02
 #define FNM_DOTMATCH	0x04
 #define FNM_CASEFOLD	0x08
+#define FNM_EXTGLOB	0x10
 #if CASEFOLD_FILESYSTEM
 #define FNM_SYSCASE	FNM_CASEFOLD
 #else
 #define FNM_SYSCASE	0
 #endif
+#if _WIN32
+#define FNM_SHORTNAME	0x20
+#else
+#define FNM_SHORTNAME	0
+#endif
+#define FNM_GLOB_NOSORT 0x40
 
 #define FNM_NOMATCH	1
 #define FNM_ERROR	2
@@ -137,7 +268,7 @@ bracket(
 	    p = t2 + (r2 = rb_enc_mbclen(t2, pend, enc));
 	    if (ok) continue;
 	    if ((r <= (send-s) && memcmp(t1, s, r) == 0) ||
-		(r2 <= (send-s) && memcmp(t2, s, r) == 0)) {
+		(r2 <= (send-s) && memcmp(t2, s, r2) == 0)) {
 		ok = 1;
 		continue;
 	    }
@@ -167,7 +298,7 @@ bracket(
     return ok == not ? NULL : (char *)p + 1;
 }
 
-/* If FNM_PATHNAME is set, only path element will be matched. (upto '/' or '\0')
+/* If FNM_PATHNAME is set, only path element will be matched. (up to '/' or '\0')
    Otherwise, entire string will be matched.
    End marker itself won't be compared.
    And if function succeeds, *pcur reaches end marker.
@@ -322,7 +453,7 @@ VALUE rb_cDir;
 
 struct dir_data {
     DIR *dir;
-    VALUE path;
+    const VALUE path;
     rb_encoding *enc;
 };
 
@@ -337,34 +468,25 @@ static void
 dir_free(void *ptr)
 {
     struct dir_data *dir = ptr;
-    if (dir) {
-	if (dir->dir) closedir(dir->dir);
-    }
+
+    if (dir->dir) closedir(dir->dir);
     xfree(dir);
 }
 
 static size_t
 dir_memsize(const void *ptr)
 {
-    return ptr ? sizeof(struct dir_data) : 0;
+    return sizeof(struct dir_data);
 }
 
 static const rb_data_type_t dir_data_type = {
     "dir",
     {dir_mark, dir_free, dir_memsize,},
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
 };
 
 static VALUE dir_close(VALUE);
 
-#define GlobPathValue(str, safe) \
-    /* can contain null bytes as separators */	\
-    (!RB_TYPE_P((str), T_STRING) ?		\
-     (void)FilePathValue(str) :			\
-     (void)(check_safe_glob((str), (safe)),		\
-      check_glob_encoding(str), (str)))
-#define check_safe_glob(str, safe) ((safe) ? rb_check_safe_obj(str) : (void)0)
-#define check_glob_encoding(str) rb_enc_check((str), rb_enc_from_encoding(rb_usascii_encoding()))
-
 static VALUE
 dir_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
 {
@@ -372,41 +494,43 @@ dir_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
     VALUE obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dirp);
 
     dirp->dir = NULL;
-    dirp->path = Qnil;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(obj, &dirp->path, Qnil);
     dirp->enc = NULL;
 
     return obj;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     Dir.new( string ) -> aDir
- *
- *  Returns a new directory object for the named directory.
- */
-static VALUE
-dir_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE dir)
+static void *
+nogvl_opendir(void *ptr)
 {
-    struct dir_data *dp;
-    rb_encoding  *fsenc;
-    VALUE dirname, opt, orig;
-    static VALUE sym_enc;
+    const char *path = ptr;
 
-    if (!sym_enc) {
-	sym_enc = ID2SYM(rb_intern("encoding"));
-    }
-    fsenc = rb_filesystem_encoding();
+    return (void *)opendir(path);
+}
 
-    argc = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &dirname, &opt);
+static DIR *
+opendir_without_gvl(const char *path)
+{
+    if (vm_initialized) {
+	union { const void *in; void *out; } u;
 
-    if (!NIL_P(opt)) {
-	VALUE enc = rb_hash_aref(opt, sym_enc);
-	if (!NIL_P(enc)) {
-	    fsenc = rb_to_encoding(enc);
-	}
+	u.in = path;
+
+	return rb_thread_call_without_gvl(nogvl_opendir, u.out, RUBY_UBF_IO, 0);
     }
+    else
+	return opendir(path);
+}
 
-    GlobPathValue(dirname, FALSE);
+static VALUE
+dir_initialize(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE dir, VALUE dirname, VALUE enc)
+{
+    struct dir_data *dp;
+    VALUE orig;
+    const char *path;
+    rb_encoding *fsenc = NIL_P(enc) ? rb_filesystem_encoding() : rb_to_encoding(enc);
+
+    FilePathValue(dirname);
     orig = rb_str_dup_frozen(dirname);
     dirname = rb_str_encode_ospath(dirname);
     dirname = rb_str_dup_frozen(dirname);
@@ -414,48 +538,53 @@ dir_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE dir)
     TypedData_Get_Struct(dir, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dp);
     if (dp->dir) closedir(dp->dir);
     dp->dir = NULL;
-    dp->path = Qnil;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(dir, &dp->path, Qnil);
     dp->enc = fsenc;
-    dp->dir = opendir(RSTRING_PTR(dirname));
+    path = RSTRING_PTR(dirname);
+    dp->dir = opendir_without_gvl(path);
     if (dp->dir == NULL) {
-	if (errno == EMFILE || errno == ENFILE) {
-	    rb_gc();
-	    dp->dir = opendir(RSTRING_PTR(dirname));
+	int e = errno;
+	if (rb_gc_for_fd(e)) {
+	    dp->dir = opendir_without_gvl(path);
+	}
+#ifdef HAVE_GETATTRLIST
+	else if (e == EIO) {
+	    u_int32_t attrbuf[1];
+	    struct attrlist al = {ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT, 0};
+	    if (getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), FSOPT_NOFOLLOW) == 0) {
+		dp->dir = opendir_without_gvl(path);
+	    }
 	}
+#endif
 	if (dp->dir == NULL) {
-	    rb_sys_fail_path(orig);
+	    RB_GC_GUARD(dirname);
+	    rb_syserr_fail_path(e, orig);
 	}
     }
-    dp->path = orig;
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(dir, &dp->path, orig);
 
     return dir;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     Dir.open( string ) -> aDir
- *     Dir.open( string ) {| aDir | block } -> anObject
- *
- *  With no block, <code>open</code> is a synonym for
- *  <code>Dir::new</code>. If a block is present, it is passed
- *  <i>aDir</i> as a parameter. The directory is closed at the end of
- *  the block, and <code>Dir::open</code> returns the value of the
- *  block.
- */
 static VALUE
-dir_s_open(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
+dir_s_open(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE klass, VALUE dirname, VALUE enc)
 {
     struct dir_data *dp;
     VALUE dir = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dp);
 
-    dir_initialize(argc, argv, dir);
-    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	return rb_ensure(rb_yield, dir, dir_close, dir);
-    }
+    dir_initialize(ec, dir, dirname, enc);
 
     return dir;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+dir_s_close(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE klass, VALUE dir)
+{
+    return dir_close(dir);
+}
+
+NORETURN(static void dir_closed(void));
+
 static void
 dir_closed(void)
 {
@@ -463,13 +592,16 @@ dir_closed(void)
 }
 
 static struct dir_data *
-dir_check(VALUE dir)
+dir_get(VALUE dir)
 {
-    struct dir_data *dirp;
-    if (!OBJ_UNTRUSTED(dir) && rb_safe_level() >= 4)
-	rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure: operation on trusted Dir");
     rb_check_frozen(dir);
-    dirp = rb_check_typeddata(dir, &dir_data_type);
+    return rb_check_typeddata(dir, &dir_data_type);
+}
+
+static struct dir_data *
+dir_check(VALUE dir)
+{
+    struct dir_data *dirp = dir_get(dir);
     if (!dirp->dir) dir_closed();
     return dirp;
 }
@@ -497,12 +629,57 @@ dir_inspect(VALUE dir)
 	rb_str_cat2(str, ">");
 	return str;
     }
-    return rb_funcall(dir, rb_intern("to_s"), 0, 0);
+    return rb_funcallv(dir, idTo_s, 0, 0);
+}
+
+/* Workaround for Solaris 10 that does not have dirfd.
+   Note: Solaris 11 (POSIX.1-2008 compliant) has dirfd(3C).
+ */
+#if defined(__sun) && !defined(HAVE_DIRFD)
+# if defined(HAVE_DIR_D_FD)
+#  define dirfd(x) ((x)->d_fd)
+#  define HAVE_DIRFD 1
+# elif defined(HAVE_DIR_DD_FD)
+#  define dirfd(x) ((x)->dd_fd)
+#  define HAVE_DIRFD 1
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_DIRFD
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     dir.fileno -> integer
+ *
+ *  Returns the file descriptor used in <em>dir</em>.
+ *
+ *     d = Dir.new("..")
+ *     d.fileno   #=> 8
+ *
+ *  This method uses dirfd() function defined by POSIX 2008.
+ *  NotImplementedError is raised on other platforms, such as Windows,
+ *  which doesn't provide the function.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+dir_fileno(VALUE dir)
+{
+    struct dir_data *dirp;
+    int fd;
+
+    GetDIR(dir, dirp);
+    fd = dirfd(dirp->dir);
+    if (fd == -1)
+	rb_sys_fail("dirfd");
+    return INT2NUM(fd);
 }
+#else
+#define dir_fileno rb_f_notimplement
+#endif
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     dir.path -> string or nil
+ *     dir.to_path -> string or nil
  *
  *  Returns the path parameter passed to <em>dir</em>'s constructor.
  *
@@ -519,51 +696,46 @@ dir_path(VALUE dir)
     return rb_str_dup(dirp->path);
 }
 
-#if defined HAVE_READDIR_R
-# define READDIR(dir, enc, entry, dp) (readdir_r((dir), (entry), &(dp)) == 0 && (dp) != 0)
-#elif defined _WIN32
-# define READDIR(dir, enc, entry, dp) (((dp) = rb_w32_readdir_with_enc((dir), (enc))) != 0)
-#else
-# define READDIR(dir, enc, entry, dp) (((dp) = readdir(dir)) != 0)
-#endif
-#if defined HAVE_READDIR_R
-# define IF_HAVE_READDIR_R(something) something
+#if defined _WIN32
+static int
+fundamental_encoding_p(rb_encoding *enc)
+{
+    switch (rb_enc_to_index(enc)) {
+      case ENCINDEX_ASCII:
+      case ENCINDEX_US_ASCII:
+      case ENCINDEX_UTF_8:
+	return TRUE;
+      default:
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+}
+# define READDIR(dir, enc) rb_w32_readdir((dir), (enc))
 #else
-# define IF_HAVE_READDIR_R(something) /* nothing */
+# define READDIR(dir, enc) readdir((dir))
 #endif
 
-#if defined SIZEOF_STRUCT_DIRENT_TOO_SMALL
-# include <limits.h>
-# define NAME_MAX_FOR_STRUCT_DIRENT 255
-# if defined NAME_MAX
-#  if NAME_MAX_FOR_STRUCT_DIRENT < NAME_MAX
-#   undef  NAME_MAX_FOR_STRUCT_DIRENT
-#   define NAME_MAX_FOR_STRUCT_DIRENT NAME_MAX
-#  endif
-# endif
-# if defined _POSIX_NAME_MAX
-#  if NAME_MAX_FOR_STRUCT_DIRENT < _POSIX_NAME_MAX
-#   undef  NAME_MAX_FOR_STRUCT_DIRENT
-#   define NAME_MAX_FOR_STRUCT_DIRENT _POSIX_NAME_MAX
-#  endif
-# endif
-# if defined _XOPEN_NAME_MAX
-#  if NAME_MAX_FOR_STRUCT_DIRENT < _XOPEN_NAME_MAX
-#   undef  NAME_MAX_FOR_STRUCT_DIRENT
-#   define NAME_MAX_FOR_STRUCT_DIRENT _XOPEN_NAME_MAX
-#  endif
-# endif
-# define DEFINE_STRUCT_DIRENT \
-  union { \
-    struct dirent dirent; \
-    char dummy[offsetof(struct dirent, d_name) + \
-	       NAME_MAX_FOR_STRUCT_DIRENT + 1]; \
-  }
-# define STRUCT_DIRENT(entry) ((entry).dirent)
+/* safe to use without GVL */
+static int
+to_be_skipped(const struct dirent *dp)
+{
+    const char *name = dp->d_name;
+    if (name[0] != '.') return FALSE;
+#ifdef HAVE_DIRENT_NAMLEN
+    switch (NAMLEN(dp)) {
+      case 2:
+	if (name[1] != '.') return FALSE;
+      case 1:
+	return TRUE;
+      default:
+	break;
+    }
 #else
-# define DEFINE_STRUCT_DIRENT struct dirent
-# define STRUCT_DIRENT(entry) (entry)
+    if (!name[1]) return TRUE;
+    if (name[1] != '.') return FALSE;
+    if (!name[2]) return TRUE;
 #endif
+    return FALSE;
+}
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
@@ -582,20 +754,25 @@ dir_read(VALUE dir)
 {
     struct dir_data *dirp;
     struct dirent *dp;
-    IF_HAVE_READDIR_R(DEFINE_STRUCT_DIRENT entry);
 
     GetDIR(dir, dirp);
     errno = 0;
-    if (READDIR(dirp->dir, dirp->enc, &STRUCT_DIRENT(entry), dp)) {
+    if ((dp = READDIR(dirp->dir, dirp->enc)) != NULL) {
 	return rb_external_str_new_with_enc(dp->d_name, NAMLEN(dp), dirp->enc);
     }
-    else if (errno == 0) {	/* end of stream */
-	return Qnil;
-    }
     else {
-	rb_sys_fail(0);
+	int e = errno;
+	if (e != 0) rb_syserr_fail(e, 0);
+	return Qnil;		/* end of stream */
     }
-    return Qnil;		/* not reached */
+}
+
+static VALUE dir_each_entry(VALUE, VALUE (*)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE, int);
+
+static VALUE
+dir_yield(VALUE arg, VALUE path)
+{
+    return rb_yield(path);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -621,16 +798,38 @@ dir_read(VALUE dir)
 static VALUE
 dir_each(VALUE dir)
 {
+    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(dir, 0, 0);
+    return dir_each_entry(dir, dir_yield, Qnil, FALSE);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+dir_each_entry(VALUE dir, VALUE (*each)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE arg, int children_only)
+{
     struct dir_data *dirp;
     struct dirent *dp;
-    IF_HAVE_READDIR_R(DEFINE_STRUCT_DIRENT entry);
+    IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(int norm_p);
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(dir, 0, 0);
     GetDIR(dir, dirp);
     rewinddir(dirp->dir);
-    while (READDIR(dirp->dir, dirp->enc, &STRUCT_DIRENT(entry), dp)) {
-	rb_yield(rb_external_str_new_with_enc(dp->d_name, NAMLEN(dp), dirp->enc));
-	if (dirp->dir == NULL) dir_closed();
+    IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(norm_p = need_normalization(dirp->dir, RSTRING_PTR(dirp->path)));
+    while ((dp = READDIR(dirp->dir, dirp->enc)) != NULL) {
+	const char *name = dp->d_name;
+	size_t namlen = NAMLEN(dp);
+	VALUE path;
+
+	if (children_only && name[0] == '.') {
+	    if (namlen == 1) continue; /* current directory */
+	    if (namlen == 2 && name[1] == '.') continue; /* parent directory */
+	}
+#if NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
+	if (norm_p && has_nonascii(name, namlen) &&
+	    !NIL_P(path = rb_str_normalize_ospath(name, namlen))) {
+	    path = rb_external_str_with_enc(path, dirp->enc);
+	}
+	else
+#endif
+	path = rb_external_str_new_with_enc(name, namlen, dirp->enc);
+	(*each)(arg, path);
     }
     return dir;
 }
@@ -641,8 +840,7 @@ dir_each(VALUE dir)
  *     dir.pos -> integer
  *     dir.tell -> integer
  *
- *  Returns the current position in <em>dir</em>. See also
- *  <code>Dir#seek</code>.
+ *  Returns the current position in <em>dir</em>. See also Dir#seek.
  *
  *     d = Dir.new("testdir")
  *     d.tell   #=> 0
@@ -669,7 +867,7 @@ dir_tell(VALUE dir)
  *     dir.seek( integer ) -> dir
  *
  *  Seeks to a particular location in <em>dir</em>. <i>integer</i>
- *  must be a value returned by <code>Dir#tell</code>.
+ *  must be a value returned by Dir#tell.
  *
  *     d = Dir.new("testdir")   #=> #<Dir:0x401b3c40>
  *     d.read                   #=> "."
@@ -692,12 +890,12 @@ dir_seek(VALUE dir, VALUE pos)
 #define dir_seek rb_f_notimplement
 #endif
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SEEKDIR
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     dir.pos( integer ) -> integer
+ *     dir.pos = integer  -> integer
  *
- *  Synonym for <code>Dir#seek</code>, but returns the position
- *  parameter.
+ *  Synonym for Dir#seek, but returns the position parameter.
  *
  *     d = Dir.new("testdir")   #=> #<Dir:0x401b3c40>
  *     d.read                   #=> "."
@@ -712,6 +910,9 @@ dir_set_pos(VALUE dir, VALUE pos)
     dir_seek(dir, pos);
     return pos;
 }
+#else
+#define dir_set_pos rb_f_notimplement
+#endif
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
@@ -729,9 +930,6 @@ dir_rewind(VALUE dir)
 {
     struct dir_data *dirp;
 
-    if (rb_safe_level() >= 4 && !OBJ_UNTRUSTED(dir)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure: can't close");
-    }
     GetDIR(dir, dirp);
     rewinddir(dirp->dir);
     return dir;
@@ -741,8 +939,8 @@ dir_rewind(VALUE dir)
  *  call-seq:
  *     dir.close -> nil
  *
- *  Closes the directory stream. Any further attempts to access
- *  <em>dir</em> will raise an <code>IOError</code>.
+ *  Closes the directory stream.
+ *  Calling this method on closed Dir object is ignored since Ruby 2.3.
  *
  *     d = Dir.new("testdir")
  *     d.close   #=> nil
@@ -752,13 +950,22 @@ dir_close(VALUE dir)
 {
     struct dir_data *dirp;
 
-    GetDIR(dir, dirp);
+    dirp = dir_get(dir);
+    if (!dirp->dir) return Qnil;
     closedir(dirp->dir);
     dirp->dir = NULL;
 
     return Qnil;
 }
 
+static void *
+nogvl_chdir(void *ptr)
+{
+    const char *path = ptr;
+
+    return (void *)(VALUE)chdir(path);
+}
+
 static void
 dir_chdir(VALUE path)
 {
@@ -775,8 +982,9 @@ struct chdir_data {
 };
 
 static VALUE
-chdir_yield(struct chdir_data *args)
+chdir_yield(VALUE v)
 {
+    struct chdir_data *args = (void *)v;
     dir_chdir(args->new_path);
     args->done = TRUE;
     chdir_blocking++;
@@ -786,8 +994,9 @@ chdir_yield(struct chdir_data *args)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-chdir_restore(struct chdir_data *args)
+chdir_restore(VALUE v)
 {
+    struct chdir_data *args = (void *)v;
     if (args->done) {
 	chdir_blocking--;
 	if (chdir_blocking == 0)
@@ -805,8 +1014,8 @@ chdir_restore(struct chdir_data *args)
  *  Changes the current working directory of the process to the given
  *  string. When called without an argument, changes the directory to
  *  the value of the environment variable <code>HOME</code>, or
- *  <code>LOGDIR</code>. <code>SystemCallError</code> (probably
- *  <code>Errno::ENOENT</code>) if the target directory does not exist.
+ *  <code>LOGDIR</code>. SystemCallError (probably Errno::ENOENT) if
+ *  the target directory does not exist.
  *
  *  If a block is given, it is passed the name of the new current
  *  directory, and the block is executed with that as the current
@@ -815,7 +1024,8 @@ chdir_restore(struct chdir_data *args)
  *  block. <code>chdir</code> blocks can be nested, but in a
  *  multi-threaded program an error will be raised if a thread attempts
  *  to open a <code>chdir</code> block while another thread has one
- *  open.
+ *  open or a call to <code>chdir</code> without a block occurs inside
+ *  a block passed to <code>chdir</code> (even in the same thread).
  *
  *     Dir.chdir("/var/spool/mail")
  *     puts Dir.pwd
@@ -841,10 +1051,8 @@ dir_s_chdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 {
     VALUE path = Qnil;
 
-    rb_secure(2);
-    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &path) == 1) {
-	FilePathValue(path);
-	path = rb_str_encode_ospath(path);
+    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) == 1) {
+        path = rb_str_encode_ospath(rb_get_path(argv[0]));
     }
     else {
 	const char *dist = getenv("HOME");
@@ -856,8 +1064,10 @@ dir_s_chdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
     }
 
     if (chdir_blocking > 0) {
-	if (!rb_block_given_p() || rb_thread_current() != chdir_thread)
-	    rb_warn("conflicting chdir during another chdir block");
+	if (rb_thread_current() != chdir_thread)
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "conflicting chdir during another chdir block");
+        if (!rb_block_given_p())
+            rb_warn("conflicting chdir during another chdir block");
     }
 
     if (rb_block_given_p()) {
@@ -868,25 +1078,61 @@ dir_s_chdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 	args.done = FALSE;
 	return rb_ensure(chdir_yield, (VALUE)&args, chdir_restore, (VALUE)&args);
     }
-    dir_chdir(path);
+    else {
+	char *p = RSTRING_PTR(path);
+	int r = (int)(VALUE)rb_thread_call_without_gvl(nogvl_chdir, p,
+							RUBY_UBF_IO, 0);
+	if (r < 0)
+	    rb_sys_fail_path(path);
+    }
 
     return INT2FIX(0);
 }
 
+#ifndef _WIN32
 VALUE
-rb_dir_getwd(void)
+rb_dir_getwd_ospath(void)
 {
     char *path;
     VALUE cwd;
-
-    rb_secure(4);
-    path = my_getcwd();
-    cwd = rb_tainted_str_new2(path);
-    rb_enc_associate(cwd, rb_filesystem_encoding());
+    VALUE path_guard;
+
+#undef RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING
+#define RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING 0
+    path_guard = Data_Wrap_Struct((VALUE)0, NULL, RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE, NULL);
+    path = ruby_getcwd();
+    DATA_PTR(path_guard) = path;
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    cwd = rb_str_normalize_ospath(path, strlen(path));
+#else
+    cwd = rb_str_new2(path);
+#endif
+    DATA_PTR(path_guard) = 0;
 
     xfree(path);
     return cwd;
 }
+#endif
+
+VALUE
+rb_dir_getwd(void)
+{
+    rb_encoding *fs = rb_filesystem_encoding();
+    int fsenc = rb_enc_to_index(fs);
+    VALUE cwd = rb_dir_getwd_ospath();
+
+    switch (fsenc) {
+      case ENCINDEX_US_ASCII:
+	fsenc = ENCINDEX_ASCII;
+      case ENCINDEX_ASCII:
+	break;
+#if defined _WIN32 || defined __APPLE__
+      default:
+	return rb_str_conv_enc(cwd, NULL, fs);
+#endif
+    }
+    return rb_enc_associate_index(cwd, fsenc);
+}
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
@@ -898,6 +1144,7 @@ rb_dir_getwd(void)
  *
  *     Dir.chdir("/tmp")   #=> 0
  *     Dir.getwd           #=> "/tmp"
+ *     Dir.pwd             #=> "/tmp"
  */
 static VALUE
 dir_s_getwd(VALUE dir)
@@ -905,15 +1152,14 @@ dir_s_getwd(VALUE dir)
     return rb_dir_getwd();
 }
 
-static void
-check_dirname(volatile VALUE *dir)
+static VALUE
+check_dirname(VALUE dir)
 {
-    VALUE d = *dir;
+    VALUE d = dir;
     char *path, *pend;
     long len;
     rb_encoding *enc;
 
-    rb_secure(2);
     FilePathValue(d);
     enc = rb_enc_get(d);
     RSTRING_GETMEM(d, path, len);
@@ -921,8 +1167,9 @@ check_dirname(volatile VALUE *dir)
     pend = rb_enc_path_end(rb_enc_path_skip_prefix(path, pend, enc), pend, enc);
     if (pend - path < len) {
 	d = rb_str_subseq(d, 0, pend - path);
+	StringValueCStr(d);
     }
-    *dir = rb_str_encode_ospath(d);
+    return rb_str_encode_ospath(d);
 }
 
 #if defined(HAVE_CHROOT)
@@ -938,7 +1185,7 @@ check_dirname(volatile VALUE *dir)
 static VALUE
 dir_s_chroot(VALUE dir, VALUE path)
 {
-    check_dirname(&path);
+    path = check_dirname(path);
     if (chroot(RSTRING_PTR(path)) == -1)
 	rb_sys_fail_path(path);
 
@@ -948,17 +1195,29 @@ dir_s_chroot(VALUE dir, VALUE path)
 #define dir_s_chroot rb_f_notimplement
 #endif
 
+struct mkdir_arg {
+    const char *path;
+    mode_t mode;
+};
+
+static void *
+nogvl_mkdir(void *ptr)
+{
+    struct mkdir_arg *m = ptr;
+
+    return (void *)(VALUE)mkdir(m->path, m->mode);
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     Dir.mkdir( string [, integer] ) -> 0
  *
  *  Makes a new directory named by <i>string</i>, with permissions
  *  specified by the optional parameter <i>anInteger</i>. The
- *  permissions may be modified by the value of
- *  <code>File::umask</code>, and are ignored on NT. Raises a
- *  <code>SystemCallError</code> if the directory cannot be created. See
- *  also the discussion of permissions in the class documentation for
- *  <code>File</code>.
+ *  permissions may be modified by the value of File::umask, and are
+ *  ignored on NT. Raises a SystemCallError if the directory cannot be
+ *  created. See also the discussion of permissions in the class
+ *  documentation for File.
  *
  *    Dir.mkdir(File.join(Dir.home, ".foo"), 0700) #=> 0
  *
@@ -966,55 +1225,126 @@ dir_s_chroot(VALUE dir, VALUE path)
 static VALUE
 dir_s_mkdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 {
+    struct mkdir_arg m;
     VALUE path, vmode;
-    int mode;
+    int r;
 
     if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &path, &vmode) == 2) {
-	mode = NUM2INT(vmode);
+	m.mode = NUM2MODET(vmode);
     }
     else {
-	mode = 0777;
+	m.mode = 0777;
     }
 
-    check_dirname(&path);
-    if (mkdir(RSTRING_PTR(path), mode) == -1)
+    path = check_dirname(path);
+    m.path = RSTRING_PTR(path);
+    r = (int)(VALUE)rb_thread_call_without_gvl(nogvl_mkdir, &m, RUBY_UBF_IO, 0);
+    if (r < 0)
 	rb_sys_fail_path(path);
 
     return INT2FIX(0);
 }
 
+static void *
+nogvl_rmdir(void *ptr)
+{
+    const char *path = ptr;
+
+    return (void *)(VALUE)rmdir(path);
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     Dir.delete( string ) -> 0
  *     Dir.rmdir( string ) -> 0
  *     Dir.unlink( string ) -> 0
  *
- *  Deletes the named directory. Raises a subclass of
- *  <code>SystemCallError</code> if the directory isn't empty.
+ *  Deletes the named directory. Raises a subclass of SystemCallError
+ *  if the directory isn't empty.
  */
 static VALUE
 dir_s_rmdir(VALUE obj, VALUE dir)
 {
-    check_dirname(&dir);
-    if (rmdir(RSTRING_PTR(dir)) < 0)
+    const char *p;
+    int r;
+
+    dir = check_dirname(dir);
+    p = RSTRING_PTR(dir);
+    r = (int)(VALUE)rb_thread_call_without_gvl(nogvl_rmdir, (void *)p, RUBY_UBF_IO, 0);
+    if (r < 0)
 	rb_sys_fail_path(dir);
 
     return INT2FIX(0);
 }
 
+struct warning_args {
+#ifdef RUBY_FUNCTION_NAME_STRING
+    const char *func;
+#endif
+    const char *mesg;
+    rb_encoding *enc;
+};
+
+#ifndef RUBY_FUNCTION_NAME_STRING
+#define sys_enc_warning_in(func, mesg, enc) sys_enc_warning(mesg, enc)
+#endif
+
 static VALUE
 sys_warning_1(VALUE mesg)
 {
-    rb_sys_warning("%s:%s", strerror(errno), (const char *)mesg);
+    const struct warning_args *arg = (struct warning_args *)mesg;
+#ifdef RUBY_FUNCTION_NAME_STRING
+    rb_sys_enc_warning(arg->enc, "%s: %s", arg->func, arg->mesg);
+#else
+    rb_sys_enc_warning(arg->enc, "%s", arg->mesg);
+#endif
     return Qnil;
 }
 
+static void
+sys_enc_warning_in(const char *func, const char *mesg, rb_encoding *enc)
+{
+    struct warning_args arg;
+#ifdef RUBY_FUNCTION_NAME_STRING
+    arg.func = func;
+#endif
+    arg.mesg = mesg;
+    arg.enc = enc;
+    rb_protect(sys_warning_1, (VALUE)&arg, 0);
+}
+
 #define GLOB_VERBOSE	(1U << (sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT - 1))
-#define sys_warning(val) \
-    (void)((flags & GLOB_VERBOSE) && rb_protect(sys_warning_1, (VALUE)(val), 0))
+#define sys_warning(val, enc) \
+    ((flags & GLOB_VERBOSE) ? sys_enc_warning_in(RUBY_FUNCTION_NAME_STRING, (val), (enc)) :(void)0)
+
+static inline size_t
+glob_alloc_size(size_t x, size_t y)
+{
+    size_t z;
+    if (rb_mul_size_overflow(x, y, SSIZE_MAX, &z)) {
+        rb_memerror();          /* or...? */
+    }
+    else {
+        return z;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void *
+glob_alloc_n(size_t x, size_t y)
+{
+    return malloc(glob_alloc_size(x, y));
+}
+
+static inline void *
+glob_realloc_n(void *p, size_t x, size_t y)
+{
+    return realloc(p, glob_alloc_size(x, y));
+}
 
 #define GLOB_ALLOC(type) ((type *)malloc(sizeof(type)))
-#define GLOB_ALLOC_N(type, n) ((type *)malloc(sizeof(type) * (n)))
+#define GLOB_ALLOC_N(type, n) ((type *)glob_alloc_n(sizeof(type), n))
+#define GLOB_REALLOC(ptr, size) realloc((ptr), (size))
+#define GLOB_REALLOC_N(ptr, n) glob_realloc_n(ptr, sizeof(*(ptr)), n)
 #define GLOB_FREE(ptr) free(ptr)
 #define GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status) (((status) == -1) ? rb_memerror() : rb_jump_tag(status))
 
@@ -1022,81 +1352,230 @@ sys_warning_1(VALUE mesg)
  * ENOTDIR can be returned by stat(2) if a non-leaf element of the path
  * is not a directory.
  */
-#define to_be_ignored(e) ((e) == ENOENT || (e) == ENOTDIR)
+ALWAYS_INLINE(static int to_be_ignored(int e));
+static inline int
+to_be_ignored(int e)
+{
+    return e == ENOENT || e == ENOTDIR;
+}
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define STAT(p, s)	rb_w32_ustati128((p), (s))
+#undef lstat
+#define lstat(p, s)	rb_w32_ulstati128((p), (s))
+#else
+#define STAT(p, s)	stat((p), (s))
+#endif
+
+typedef int ruby_glob_errfunc(const char*, VALUE, const void*, int);
+typedef struct {
+    ruby_glob_func *match;
+    ruby_glob_errfunc *error;
+} ruby_glob_funcs_t;
+
+static const char *
+at_subpath(int fd, size_t baselen, const char *path)
+{
+#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
+    if (fd != (int)AT_FDCWD && baselen > 0) {
+	path += baselen;
+	if (*path == '/') ++path;
+    }
+#endif
+    return *path ? path : ".";
+}
 
 /* System call with warning */
 static int
-do_stat(const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags)
-
+do_stat(int fd, size_t baselen, const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
-    int ret = stat(path, pst);
+#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
+    int ret = fstatat(fd, at_subpath(fd, baselen, path), pst, 0);
+#else
+    int ret = STAT(path, pst);
+#endif
     if (ret < 0 && !to_be_ignored(errno))
-	sys_warning(path);
+	sys_warning(path, enc);
 
     return ret;
 }
 
+#if defined HAVE_LSTAT || defined lstat || USE_OPENDIR_AT
 static int
-do_lstat(const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags)
+do_lstat(int fd, size_t baselen, const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
+#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
+    int ret = fstatat(fd, at_subpath(fd, baselen, path), pst, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
+#else
     int ret = lstat(path, pst);
+#endif
     if (ret < 0 && !to_be_ignored(errno))
-	sys_warning(path);
+	sys_warning(path, enc);
 
     return ret;
 }
+#else
+#define do_lstat do_stat
+#endif
+
+struct opendir_at_arg {
+    int basefd;
+    const char *path;
+};
+
+static void *
+with_gvl_gc_for_fd(void *ptr)
+{
+    int *e = ptr;
+
+    return (void *)(rb_gc_for_fd(*e) ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+}
+
+static int
+gc_for_fd_with_gvl(int e)
+{
+    if (vm_initialized)
+	return (int)(VALUE)rb_thread_call_with_gvl(with_gvl_gc_for_fd, &e);
+    else
+	return rb_gc_for_fd(e) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+static void *
+nogvl_opendir_at(void *ptr)
+{
+    const struct opendir_at_arg *oaa = ptr;
+    DIR *dirp;
+
+#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
+    const int opendir_flags = (O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|
+#  ifdef O_DIRECTORY
+			       O_DIRECTORY|
+#  endif /* O_DIRECTORY */
+			       0);
+    int fd = openat(oaa->basefd, oaa->path, opendir_flags);
+
+    dirp = fd >= 0 ? fdopendir(fd) : 0;
+    if (!dirp) {
+	int e = errno;
+
+	switch (gc_for_fd_with_gvl(e)) {
+	  default:
+	    if (fd < 0) fd = openat(oaa->basefd, oaa->path, opendir_flags);
+	    if (fd >= 0) dirp = fdopendir(fd);
+	    if (dirp) return dirp;
+
+	    e = errno;
+	    /* fallthrough*/
+	  case 0:
+	    if (fd >= 0) close(fd);
+	    errno = e;
+	}
+    }
+#else  /* !USE_OPENDIR_AT */
+    dirp = opendir(oaa->path);
+    if (!dirp && gc_for_fd_with_gvl(errno))
+	dirp = opendir(oaa->path);
+#endif /* !USE_OPENDIR_AT */
+
+    return dirp;
+}
 
 static DIR *
-do_opendir(const char *path, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
+opendir_at(int basefd, const char *path)
+{
+    struct opendir_at_arg oaa;
+
+    oaa.basefd = basefd;
+    oaa.path = path;
+
+    if (vm_initialized)
+	return rb_thread_call_without_gvl(nogvl_opendir_at, &oaa, RUBY_UBF_IO, 0);
+    else
+	return nogvl_opendir_at(&oaa);
+}
+
+static DIR *
+do_opendir(const int basefd, size_t baselen, const char *path, int flags, rb_encoding *enc,
+	   ruby_glob_errfunc *errfunc, VALUE arg, int *status)
 {
     DIR *dirp;
 #ifdef _WIN32
-    volatile VALUE tmp;
-    if (enc != rb_usascii_encoding() &&
-	enc != rb_ascii8bit_encoding() &&
-	enc != rb_utf8_encoding()) {
+    VALUE tmp = 0;
+    if (!fundamental_encoding_p(enc)) {
 	tmp = rb_enc_str_new(path, strlen(path), enc);
 	tmp = rb_str_encode_ospath(tmp);
 	path = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
     }
 #endif
-    dirp = opendir(path);
-    if (dirp == NULL && !to_be_ignored(errno))
-	sys_warning(path);
+    dirp = opendir_at(basefd, at_subpath(basefd, baselen, path));
+    if (!dirp) {
+	int e = errno;
+
+	*status = 0;
+	if (!to_be_ignored(e)) {
+	    if (errfunc) {
+		*status = (*errfunc)(path, arg, enc, e);
+	    }
+	    else {
+		sys_warning(path, enc);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    if (tmp) rb_str_resize(tmp, 0); /* GC guard */
+#endif
 
     return dirp;
 }
 
+/* Globing pattern */
+enum glob_pattern_type { PLAIN, ALPHA, BRACE, MAGICAL, RECURSIVE, MATCH_ALL, MATCH_DIR };
+
 /* Return nonzero if S has any special globbing chars in it.  */
-static int
+static enum glob_pattern_type
 has_magic(const char *p, const char *pend, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
     const int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
-    const int nocase = flags & FNM_CASEFOLD;
+    int hasalpha = 0;
+    int hasmagical = 0;
 
     register char c;
 
     while (p < pend && (c = *p++) != 0) {
 	switch (c) {
+	  case '{':
+	    return BRACE;
+
 	  case '*':
 	  case '?':
 	  case '[':
-	    return 1;
+	    hasmagical = 1;
+	    break;
 
 	  case '\\':
-	    if (escape && !(c = *p++))
-		return 0;
-	    continue;
+	    if (escape && p++ >= pend)
+		continue;
+	    break;
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+	  case '.':
+	    break;
 
+	  case '~':
+	    hasalpha = 1;
+	    break;
+#endif
 	  default:
-	    if (!FNM_SYSCASE && ISALPHA(c) && nocase)
-		return 1;
+	    if (IS_WIN32 || ISALPHA(c)) {
+		hasalpha = 1;
+	    }
+	    break;
 	}
 
 	p = Next(p-1, pend, enc);
     }
 
-    return 0;
+    return hasmagical ? MAGICAL : hasalpha ? ALPHA : PLAIN;
 }
 
 /* Find separator in globbing pattern. */
@@ -1117,6 +1596,13 @@ find_dirsep(const char *p, const char *pend, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
 	    open = 0;
 	    continue;
 
+	  case '{':
+	    open = 1;
+	    continue;
+	  case '}':
+	    open = 0;
+	    continue;
+
 	  case '/':
 	    if (!open)
 		return (char *)p-1;
@@ -1135,10 +1621,9 @@ find_dirsep(const char *p, const char *pend, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
 }
 
 /* Remove escaping backslashes */
-static void
-remove_backslashes(char *p, rb_encoding *enc)
+static char *
+remove_backslashes(char *p, register const char *pend, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
-    register const char *pend = p + strlen(p);
     char *t = p;
     char *s = p;
 
@@ -1157,10 +1642,9 @@ remove_backslashes(char *p, rb_encoding *enc)
 
     if (t != s)
 	memmove(t, s, p - s); /* move '\0' too */
-}
 
-/* Globing pattern */
-enum glob_pattern_type { PLAIN, MAGICAL, RECURSIVE, MATCH_ALL, MATCH_DIR };
+    return p;
+}
 
 struct glob_pattern {
     char *str;
@@ -1180,7 +1664,7 @@ glob_make_pattern(const char *p, const char *e, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
     while (p < e && *p) {
 	tmp = GLOB_ALLOC(struct glob_pattern);
 	if (!tmp) goto error;
-	if (p[0] == '*' && p[1] == '*' && p[2] == '/') {
+	if (p + 2 < e && p[0] == '*' && p[1] == '*' && p[2] == '/') {
 	    /* fold continuous RECURSIVEs (needed in glob_helper) */
 	    do { p += 3; while (*p == '/') p++; } while (p[0] == '*' && p[1] == '*' && p[2] == '/');
 	    tmp->type = RECURSIVE;
@@ -1190,12 +1674,13 @@ glob_make_pattern(const char *p, const char *e, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
 	}
 	else {
 	    const char *m = find_dirsep(p, e, flags, enc);
-	    int magic = has_magic(p, m, flags, enc);
+	    const enum glob_pattern_type magic = has_magic(p, m, flags, enc);
+	    const enum glob_pattern_type non_magic = (USE_NAME_ON_FS || FNM_SYSCASE) ? PLAIN : ALPHA;
 	    char *buf;
 
-	    if (!magic && !recursive && *m) {
+	    if (!(FNM_SYSCASE || magic > non_magic) && !recursive && *m) {
 		const char *m2;
-		while (!has_magic(m+1, m2 = find_dirsep(m+1, e, flags, enc), flags, enc) &&
+		while (has_magic(m+1, m2 = find_dirsep(m+1, e, flags, enc), flags, enc) <= non_magic &&
 		       *m2) {
 		    m = m2;
 		}
@@ -1207,7 +1692,7 @@ glob_make_pattern(const char *p, const char *e, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
 	    }
 	    memcpy(buf, p, m-p);
 	    buf[m-p] = '\0';
-	    tmp->type = magic ? MAGICAL : PLAIN;
+	    tmp->type = magic > MAGICAL ? MAGICAL : magic > non_magic ? magic : PLAIN;
 	    tmp->str = buf;
 	    if (*m) {
 		dirsep = 1;
@@ -1224,10 +1709,7 @@ glob_make_pattern(const char *p, const char *e, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
 
     tmp = GLOB_ALLOC(struct glob_pattern);
     if (!tmp) {
-      error:
-	*tail = 0;
-	glob_free_pattern(list);
-	return 0;
+        goto error;
     }
     tmp->type = dirsep ? MATCH_DIR : MATCH_ALL;
     tmp->str = 0;
@@ -1235,6 +1717,11 @@ glob_make_pattern(const char *p, const char *e, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
     tmp->next = 0;
 
     return list;
+
+  error:
+    *tail = 0;
+    glob_free_pattern(list);
+    return 0;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1250,23 +1737,179 @@ glob_free_pattern(struct glob_pattern *list)
 }
 
 static char *
-join_path(const char *path, int dirsep, const char *name)
+join_path(const char *path, size_t len, int dirsep, const char *name, size_t namlen)
 {
-    long len = strlen(path);
-    long len2 = strlen(name)+(dirsep?1:0)+1;
-    char *buf = GLOB_ALLOC_N(char, len+len2);
+    char *buf = GLOB_ALLOC_N(char, len+namlen+(dirsep?1:0)+1);
 
     if (!buf) return 0;
     memcpy(buf, path, len);
     if (dirsep) {
 	buf[len++] = '/';
     }
-    buf[len] = '\0';
-    strlcat(buf+len, name, len2);
+    memcpy(buf+len, name, namlen);
+    buf[len+namlen] = '\0';
     return buf;
 }
 
-enum answer { YES, NO, UNKNOWN };
+#ifdef HAVE_GETATTRLIST
+# if defined HAVE_FGETATTRLIST
+#   define is_case_sensitive(dirp, path) is_case_sensitive(dirp)
+# else
+#   define is_case_sensitive(dirp, path) is_case_sensitive(path)
+# endif
+static int
+is_case_sensitive(DIR *dirp, const char *path)
+{
+    struct {
+	u_int32_t length;
+	vol_capabilities_attr_t cap[1];
+    } __attribute__((aligned(4), packed)) attrbuf[1];
+    struct attrlist al = {ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT, 0, 0, ATTR_VOL_INFO|ATTR_VOL_CAPABILITIES};
+    const vol_capabilities_attr_t *const cap = attrbuf[0].cap;
+    const int idx = VOL_CAPABILITIES_FORMAT;
+    const uint32_t mask = VOL_CAP_FMT_CASE_SENSITIVE;
+
+#   if defined HAVE_FGETATTRLIST
+    if (fgetattrlist(dirfd(dirp), &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), FSOPT_NOFOLLOW))
+	return -1;
+#   else
+    if (getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), FSOPT_NOFOLLOW))
+	return -1;
+#   endif
+    if (!(cap->valid[idx] & mask))
+	return -1;
+    return (cap->capabilities[idx] & mask) != 0;
+}
+
+static char *
+replace_real_basename(char *path, long base, rb_encoding *enc, int norm_p, int flags, rb_pathtype_t *type)
+{
+    struct {
+	u_int32_t length;
+	attrreference_t ref[1];
+	fsobj_type_t objtype;
+	char path[MAXPATHLEN * 3];
+    } __attribute__((aligned(4), packed)) attrbuf[1];
+    struct attrlist al = {ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT, 0, ATTR_CMN_NAME|ATTR_CMN_OBJTYPE};
+    const attrreference_t *const ar = attrbuf[0].ref;
+    const char *name;
+    long len;
+    char *tmp;
+    IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(VALUE utf8str = Qnil);
+
+    *type = path_noent;
+    if (getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), FSOPT_NOFOLLOW)) {
+	if (!to_be_ignored(errno))
+	    sys_warning(path, enc);
+	return path;
+    }
+
+    switch (attrbuf[0].objtype) {
+      case VREG: *type = path_regular; break;
+      case VDIR: *type = path_directory; break;
+      case VLNK: *type = path_symlink; break;
+      default: *type = path_exist; break;
+    }
+    name = (char *)ar + ar->attr_dataoffset;
+    len = (long)ar->attr_length - 1;
+    if (name + len > (char *)attrbuf + sizeof(attrbuf))
+	return path;
+
+# if NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
+    if (norm_p && has_nonascii(name, len)) {
+	if (!NIL_P(utf8str = rb_str_normalize_ospath(name, len))) {
+	    RSTRING_GETMEM(utf8str, name, len);
+	}
+    }
+# endif
+
+    tmp = GLOB_REALLOC(path, base + len + 1);
+    if (tmp) {
+	path = tmp;
+	memcpy(path + base, name, len);
+	path[base + len] = '\0';
+    }
+    IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(if (!NIL_P(utf8str)) rb_str_resize(utf8str, 0));
+    return path;
+}
+#elif defined _WIN32
+VALUE rb_w32_conv_from_wchar(const WCHAR *wstr, rb_encoding *enc);
+int rb_w32_reparse_symlink_p(const WCHAR *path);
+
+static char *
+replace_real_basename(char *path, long base, rb_encoding *enc, int norm_p, int flags, rb_pathtype_t *type)
+{
+    char *plainname = path;
+    volatile VALUE tmp = 0;
+    WIN32_FIND_DATAW fd;
+    WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fa;
+    WCHAR *wplain;
+    HANDLE h = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    long wlen;
+    int e = 0;
+    if (!fundamental_encoding_p(enc)) {
+	tmp = rb_enc_str_new_cstr(plainname, enc);
+	tmp = rb_str_encode_ospath(tmp);
+	plainname = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
+    }
+    wplain = rb_w32_mbstr_to_wstr(CP_UTF8, plainname, -1, &wlen);
+    if (tmp) rb_str_resize(tmp, 0);
+    if (!wplain) return path;
+    if (GetFileAttributesExW(wplain, GetFileExInfoStandard, &fa)) {
+	h = FindFirstFileW(wplain, &fd);
+	e = rb_w32_map_errno(GetLastError());
+    }
+    if (fa.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
+	if (!rb_w32_reparse_symlink_p(wplain))
+	    fa.dwFileAttributes &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT;
+    }
+    free(wplain);
+    if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+	*type = path_noent;
+	if (e && !to_be_ignored(e)) {
+	    errno = e;
+	    sys_warning(path, enc);
+	}
+	return path;
+    }
+    FindClose(h);
+    *type =
+	(fa.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) ? path_symlink :
+	(fa.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) ? path_directory :
+	path_regular;
+    if (tmp) {
+	char *buf;
+	tmp = rb_w32_conv_from_wchar(fd.cFileName, enc);
+	wlen = RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
+	buf = GLOB_REALLOC(path, base + wlen + 1);
+	if (buf) {
+	    path = buf;
+	    memcpy(path + base, RSTRING_PTR(tmp), wlen);
+	    path[base + wlen] = 0;
+	}
+	rb_str_resize(tmp, 0);
+    }
+    else {
+	char *utf8filename;
+	wlen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, fd.cFileName, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+	utf8filename = GLOB_REALLOC(0, wlen);
+	if (utf8filename) {
+	    char *buf;
+	    WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, fd.cFileName, -1, utf8filename, wlen, NULL, NULL);
+	    buf = GLOB_REALLOC(path, base + wlen + 1);
+	    if (buf) {
+		path = buf;
+		memcpy(path + base, utf8filename, wlen);
+		path[base + wlen] = 0;
+	    }
+	    GLOB_FREE(utf8filename);
+	}
+    }
+    return path;
+}
+#elif USE_NAME_ON_FS == USE_NAME_ON_FS_REAL_BASENAME
+# error not implemented
+#endif
 
 #ifndef S_ISDIR
 #   define S_ISDIR(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
@@ -1283,39 +1926,354 @@ enum answer { YES, NO, UNKNOWN };
 struct glob_args {
     void (*func)(const char *, VALUE, void *);
     const char *path;
+    const char *base;
+    size_t baselen;
     VALUE value;
     rb_encoding *enc;
 };
 
+#define glob_call_func(func, path, arg, enc) (*(func))((path), (arg), (void *)(enc))
+
 static VALUE
 glob_func_caller(VALUE val)
 {
     struct glob_args *args = (struct glob_args *)val;
 
-    (*args->func)(args->path, args->value, args->enc);
+    glob_call_func(args->func, args->path, args->value, args->enc);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+struct glob_error_args {
+    const char *path;
+    rb_encoding *enc;
+    int error;
+};
+
+static VALUE
+glob_func_warning(VALUE val)
+{
+    struct glob_error_args *arg = (struct glob_error_args *)val;
+    rb_syserr_enc_warning(arg->error, arg->enc, "%s", arg->path);
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-#define glob_call_func(func, path, arg, enc) (*(func))((path), (arg), (enc))
+#if 0
+static int
+rb_glob_warning(const char *path, VALUE a, const void *enc, int error)
+{
+    int status;
+    struct glob_error_args args;
+
+    args.path = path;
+    args.enc = enc;
+    args.error = error;
+    rb_protect(glob_func_warning, (VALUE)&args, &status);
+    return status;
+}
+#endif
+
+NORETURN(static VALUE glob_func_error(VALUE val));
+
+static VALUE
+glob_func_error(VALUE val)
+{
+    struct glob_error_args *arg = (struct glob_error_args *)val;
+    VALUE path = rb_enc_str_new_cstr(arg->path, arg->enc);
+    rb_syserr_fail_str(arg->error, path);
+    UNREACHABLE_RETURN(Qnil);
+}
+
+static int
+rb_glob_error(const char *path, VALUE a, const void *enc, int error)
+{
+    int status;
+    struct glob_error_args args;
+    VALUE (*errfunc)(VALUE) = glob_func_error;
+
+    if (error == EACCES) {
+	errfunc = glob_func_warning;
+    }
+    args.path = path;
+    args.enc = enc;
+    args.error = error;
+    rb_protect(errfunc, (VALUE)&args, &status);
+    return status;
+}
+
+typedef struct rb_dirent {
+    long d_namlen;
+    const char *d_name;
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    const char *d_altname;
+#endif
+    uint8_t d_type;
+} rb_dirent_t;
+
+static inline int
+dirent_match(const char *pat, rb_encoding *enc, const char *name, const rb_dirent_t *dp, int flags)
+{
+    if (fnmatch(pat, enc, name, flags) == 0) return 1;
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    if (dp->d_altname && (flags & FNM_SHORTNAME)) {
+	if (fnmatch(pat, enc, dp->d_altname, flags) == 0) return 1;
+    }
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
+
+struct push_glob_args {
+    int fd;
+    const char *path;
+    size_t baselen;
+    size_t namelen;
+    int dirsep; /* '/' should be placed before appending child entry's name to 'path'. */
+    rb_pathtype_t pathtype; /* type of 'path' */
+    int flags;
+    const ruby_glob_funcs_t *funcs;
+    VALUE arg;
+};
+
+struct dirent_brace_args {
+    const char *name;
+    const rb_dirent_t *dp;
+    int flags;
+};
+
+static int
+dirent_match_brace(const char *pattern, VALUE val, void *enc)
+{
+    struct dirent_brace_args *arg = (struct dirent_brace_args *)val;
+
+    return dirent_match(pattern, enc, arg->name, arg->dp, arg->flags);
+}
+
+/* join paths from pattern list of glob_make_pattern() */
+static char*
+join_path_from_pattern(struct glob_pattern **beg)
+{
+    struct glob_pattern *p;
+    char *path = NULL;
+    size_t path_len = 0;
+
+    for (p = *beg; p; p = p->next) {
+	const char *str;
+	switch (p->type) {
+	  case RECURSIVE:
+	    str = "**";
+	    break;
+	  case MATCH_DIR:
+	    /* append last slash */
+	    str = "";
+	    break;
+	  default:
+	    str = p->str;
+	    if (!str) continue;
+	}
+	if (!path) {
+	    path_len = strlen(str);
+	    path = GLOB_ALLOC_N(char, path_len + 1);
+            if (path) {
+                memcpy(path, str, path_len);
+                path[path_len] = '\0';
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+	    size_t len = strlen(str);
+	    char *tmp;
+	    tmp = GLOB_REALLOC(path, path_len + len + 2);
+	    if (tmp) {
+		path = tmp;
+		path[path_len++] = '/';
+		memcpy(path + path_len, str, len);
+		path_len += len;
+		path[path_len] = '\0';
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return path;
+}
+
+static int push_caller(const char *path, VALUE val, void *enc);
+
+static int ruby_brace_expand(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg,
+			     rb_encoding *enc, VALUE var);
+
+static const size_t rb_dirent_name_offset =
+    offsetof(rb_dirent_t, d_type) + sizeof(uint8_t);
+
+static rb_dirent_t *
+dirent_copy(const struct dirent *dp, rb_dirent_t *rdp)
+{
+    if (!dp) return NULL;
+    size_t namlen = NAMLEN(dp);
+    const size_t altlen =
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        dp->d_altlen ? dp->d_altlen + 1 :
+#endif
+        0;
+    rb_dirent_t *newrdp = rdp;
+    if (!rdp && !(newrdp = malloc(rb_dirent_name_offset + namlen + 1 + altlen)))
+        return NULL;
+    newrdp->d_namlen = namlen;
+    if (!rdp) {
+        char *name = (char *)newrdp + rb_dirent_name_offset;
+        memcpy(name, dp->d_name, namlen);
+        name[namlen] = '\0';
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        newrdp->d_altname = NULL;
+        if (altlen) {
+            char *const altname = name + namlen + 1;
+            memcpy(altname, dp->d_altname, altlen - 1);
+            altname[altlen - 1] = '\0';
+            newrdp->d_altname = altname;
+        }
+#endif
+        newrdp->d_name = name;
+    }
+    else {
+        newrdp->d_name = dp->d_name;
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        newrdp->d_altname = dp->d_altname;
+#endif
+    }
+#ifdef DT_UNKNOWN
+    newrdp->d_type = dp->d_type;
+#else
+    newrdp->d_type = 0;
+#endif
+    return newrdp;
+}
+
+typedef union {
+    struct {
+        DIR *dirp;
+        rb_dirent_t ent;
+    } nosort;
+    struct {
+        size_t count, idx;
+        rb_dirent_t **entries;
+    } sort;
+} ruby_glob_entries_t;
+
+static int
+glob_sort_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *e)
+{
+    const rb_dirent_t *ent1 = *(void **)a;
+    const rb_dirent_t *ent2 = *(void **)b;
+    return strcmp(ent1->d_name, ent2->d_name);
+}
+
+static void
+glob_dir_finish(ruby_glob_entries_t *ent, int flags)
+{
+    if (flags & FNM_GLOB_NOSORT) {
+        closedir(ent->nosort.dirp);
+        ent->nosort.dirp = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (ent->sort.entries) {
+        for (size_t i = 0, count = ent->sort.count; i < count;) {
+            GLOB_FREE(ent->sort.entries[i++]);
+        }
+        GLOB_FREE(ent->sort.entries);
+        ent->sort.entries = NULL;
+        ent->sort.count = ent->sort.idx = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static ruby_glob_entries_t *
+glob_opendir(ruby_glob_entries_t *ent, DIR *dirp, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
+{
+    MEMZERO(ent, ruby_glob_entries_t, 1);
+    if (flags & FNM_GLOB_NOSORT) {
+        ent->nosort.dirp = dirp;
+        return ent;
+    }
+    else {
+        void *newp;
+        struct dirent *dp;
+        size_t count = 0, capacity = 0;
+        ent->sort.count = 0;
+        ent->sort.idx = 0;
+        ent->sort.entries = 0;
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        if ((capacity = dirp->nfiles) > 0) {
+            if (!(newp = GLOB_ALLOC_N(rb_dirent_t, capacity))) {
+                closedir(dirp);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            ent->sort.entries = newp;
+        }
+#endif
+	while ((dp = READDIR(dirp, enc)) != NULL) {
+            rb_dirent_t *rdp = dirent_copy(dp, NULL);
+            if (!rdp) {
+                goto nomem;
+            }
+            if (count >= capacity) {
+                capacity += 256;
+                if (!(newp = GLOB_REALLOC_N(ent->sort.entries, capacity)))
+                    goto nomem;
+                ent->sort.entries = newp;
+            }
+            ent->sort.entries[count++] = rdp;
+            ent->sort.count = count;
+        }
+        closedir(dirp);
+        if (count < capacity) {
+            if (!(newp = GLOB_REALLOC_N(ent->sort.entries, count))) {
+                glob_dir_finish(ent, 0);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            ent->sort.entries = newp;
+        }
+        ruby_qsort(ent->sort.entries, ent->sort.count, sizeof(ent->sort.entries[0]),
+                   glob_sort_cmp, NULL);
+        return ent;
+    }
+
+  nomem:
+    glob_dir_finish(ent, 0);
+    closedir(dirp);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static rb_dirent_t *
+glob_getent(ruby_glob_entries_t *ent, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
+{
+    if (flags & FNM_GLOB_NOSORT) {
+        return dirent_copy(READDIR(ent->nosort.dirp, enc), &ent->nosort.ent);
+    }
+    else if (ent->sort.idx < ent->sort.count) {
+        return ent->sort.entries[ent->sort.idx++];
+    }
+    else {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
 
 static int
 glob_helper(
+    int fd,
     const char *path,
+    size_t baselen,
+    size_t namelen,
     int dirsep, /* '/' should be placed before appending child entry's name to 'path'. */
-    enum answer exist, /* Does 'path' indicate an existing entry? */
-    enum answer isdir, /* Does 'path' indicate a directory or a symlink to a directory? */
+    rb_pathtype_t pathtype, /* type of 'path' */
     struct glob_pattern **beg,
     struct glob_pattern **end,
     int flags,
-    ruby_glob_func *func,
+    const ruby_glob_funcs_t *funcs,
     VALUE arg,
     rb_encoding *enc)
 {
     struct stat st;
     int status = 0;
     struct glob_pattern **cur, **new_beg, **new_end;
-    int plain = 0, magical = 0, recursive = 0, match_all = 0, match_dir = 0;
+    int plain = 0, brace = 0, magical = 0, recursive = 0, match_all = 0, match_dir = 0;
     int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
+    size_t pathlen = baselen + namelen;
+
+    rb_check_stack_overflow();
 
     for (cur = beg; cur < end; ++cur) {
 	struct glob_pattern *p = *cur;
@@ -1327,8 +2285,20 @@ glob_helper(
 	  case PLAIN:
 	    plain = 1;
 	    break;
-	  case MAGICAL:
+	  case ALPHA:
+#if USE_NAME_ON_FS == USE_NAME_ON_FS_REAL_BASENAME
+	    plain = 1;
+#else
 	    magical = 1;
+#endif
+	    break;
+	  case BRACE:
+	    if (!recursive) {
+		brace = 1;
+	    }
+	    break;
+	  case MAGICAL:
+	    magical = 2;
 	    break;
 	  case MATCH_ALL:
 	    match_all = 1;
@@ -1341,67 +2311,161 @@ glob_helper(
 	}
     }
 
+    if (brace) {
+	struct push_glob_args args;
+	char* brace_path = join_path_from_pattern(beg);
+	if (!brace_path) return -1;
+	args.fd = fd;
+	args.path = path;
+	args.baselen = baselen;
+	args.namelen = namelen;
+	args.dirsep = dirsep;
+	args.pathtype = pathtype;
+	args.flags = flags;
+	args.funcs = funcs;
+	args.arg = arg;
+	status = ruby_brace_expand(brace_path, flags, push_caller, (VALUE)&args, enc, Qfalse);
+	GLOB_FREE(brace_path);
+	return status;
+    }
+
     if (*path) {
-	if (match_all && exist == UNKNOWN) {
-	    if (do_lstat(path, &st, flags) == 0) {
-		exist = YES;
-		isdir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? YES : S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? UNKNOWN : NO;
+	if (match_all && pathtype == path_unknown) {
+	    if (do_lstat(fd, baselen, path, &st, flags, enc) == 0) {
+		pathtype = IFTODT(st.st_mode);
 	    }
 	    else {
-		exist = NO;
-		isdir = NO;
+		pathtype = path_noent;
 	    }
 	}
-	if (match_dir && isdir == UNKNOWN) {
-	    if (do_stat(path, &st, flags) == 0) {
-		exist = YES;
-		isdir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? YES : NO;
+	if (match_dir && (pathtype == path_unknown || pathtype == path_symlink)) {
+	    if (do_stat(fd, baselen, path, &st, flags, enc) == 0) {
+		pathtype = IFTODT(st.st_mode);
 	    }
 	    else {
-		exist = NO;
-		isdir = NO;
+		pathtype = path_noent;
 	    }
 	}
-	if (match_all && exist == YES) {
-	    status = glob_call_func(func, path, arg, enc);
+	if (match_all && pathtype > path_noent) {
+	    const char *subpath = path + baselen + (baselen && path[baselen] == '/');
+	    status = glob_call_func(funcs->match, subpath, arg, enc);
 	    if (status) return status;
 	}
-	if (match_dir && isdir == YES) {
-	    char *tmp = join_path(path, dirsep, "");
+	if (match_dir && pathtype == path_directory) {
+	    int seplen = (baselen && path[baselen] == '/');
+	    const char *subpath = path + baselen + seplen;
+	    char *tmp = join_path(subpath, namelen - seplen, dirsep, "", 0);
 	    if (!tmp) return -1;
-	    status = glob_call_func(func, tmp, arg, enc);
+	    status = glob_call_func(funcs->match, tmp, arg, enc);
 	    GLOB_FREE(tmp);
 	    if (status) return status;
 	}
     }
 
-    if (exist == NO || isdir == NO) return 0;
+    if (pathtype == path_noent) return 0;
 
     if (magical || recursive) {
-	struct dirent *dp;
+	rb_dirent_t *dp;
 	DIR *dirp;
-	IF_HAVE_READDIR_R(DEFINE_STRUCT_DIRENT entry);
-	dirp = do_opendir(*path ? path : ".", flags, enc);
-	if (dirp == NULL) return 0;
+# if USE_NAME_ON_FS == USE_NAME_ON_FS_BY_FNMATCH
+	char *plainname = 0;
+# endif
+	IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(int norm_p);
+# if USE_NAME_ON_FS == USE_NAME_ON_FS_BY_FNMATCH
+	if (cur + 1 == end && (*cur)->type <= ALPHA) {
+	    plainname = join_path(path, pathlen, dirsep, (*cur)->str, strlen((*cur)->str));
+	    if (!plainname) return -1;
+	    dirp = do_opendir(fd, basename, plainname, flags, enc, funcs->error, arg, &status);
+	    GLOB_FREE(plainname);
+	}
+	else
+# else
+	    ;
+# endif
+	dirp = do_opendir(fd, baselen, path, flags, enc, funcs->error, arg, &status);
+	if (dirp == NULL) {
+# if FNM_SYSCASE || NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
+	    if ((magical < 2) && !recursive && (errno == EACCES)) {
+		/* no read permission, fallback */
+		goto literally;
+	    }
+# endif
+	    return status;
+	}
+	IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(norm_p = need_normalization(dirp, *path ? path : "."));
 
-	while (READDIR(dirp, enc, &STRUCT_DIRENT(entry), dp)) {
-	    char *buf = join_path(path, dirsep, dp->d_name);
-	    enum answer new_isdir = UNKNOWN;
+# if NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
+	if (!(norm_p || magical || recursive)) {
+	    closedir(dirp);
+	    goto literally;
+	}
+# endif
+# ifdef HAVE_GETATTRLIST
+	if (is_case_sensitive(dirp, path) == 0)
+	    flags |= FNM_CASEFOLD;
+# endif
+        ruby_glob_entries_t globent;
+        if (!glob_opendir(&globent, dirp, flags, enc)) {
+            status = 0;
+            if (funcs->error) {
+                status = (*funcs->error)(path, arg, enc, ENOMEM);
+            }
+            else {
+                sys_warning(path, enc);
+            }
+            return status;
+        }
+	while ((dp = glob_getent(&globent, flags, enc)) != NULL) {
+	    char *buf;
+	    rb_pathtype_t new_pathtype = path_unknown;
+	    const char *name;
+	    size_t namlen;
+	    int dotfile = 0;
+	    IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(VALUE utf8str = Qnil);
+
+	    name = dp->d_name;
+	    namlen = dp->d_namlen;
+	    if (recursive && name[0] == '.') {
+		++dotfile;
+		if (namlen == 1) {
+		    /* unless DOTMATCH, skip current directories not to recurse infinitely */
+		    if (!(flags & FNM_DOTMATCH)) continue;
+		    ++dotfile;
+		    new_pathtype = path_directory; /* force to skip stat/lstat */
+		}
+		else if (namlen == 2 && name[1] == '.') {
+		    /* always skip parent directories not to recurse infinitely */
+		    continue;
+		}
+	    }
 
+# if NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
+	    if (norm_p && has_nonascii(name, namlen)) {
+		if (!NIL_P(utf8str = rb_str_normalize_ospath(name, namlen))) {
+		    RSTRING_GETMEM(utf8str, name, namlen);
+		}
+	    }
+# endif
+	    buf = join_path(path, pathlen, dirsep, name, namlen);
+	    IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(if (!NIL_P(utf8str)) rb_str_resize(utf8str, 0));
 	    if (!buf) {
 		status = -1;
 		break;
 	    }
-	    if (recursive && strcmp(dp->d_name, ".") != 0 && strcmp(dp->d_name, "..") != 0
-		&& fnmatch("*", rb_usascii_encoding(), dp->d_name, flags) == 0) {
-#ifndef _WIN32
-		if (do_lstat(buf, &st, flags) == 0)
-		    new_isdir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? YES : S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? UNKNOWN : NO;
-		else
-		    new_isdir = NO;
-#else
-		new_isdir = dp->d_isdir ? (!dp->d_isrep ? YES : UNKNOWN) : NO;
+	    name = buf + pathlen + (dirsep != 0);
+#ifdef DT_UNKNOWN
+	    if (dp->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN) {
+		/* Got it. We need no more lstat. */
+		new_pathtype = dp->d_type;
+	    }
 #endif
+	    if (recursive && dotfile < ((flags & FNM_DOTMATCH) ? 2 : 1) &&
+		new_pathtype == path_unknown) {
+		/* RECURSIVE never match dot files unless FNM_DOTMATCH is set */
+		if (do_lstat(fd, baselen, buf, &st, flags, enc) == 0)
+		    new_pathtype = IFTODT(st.st_mode);
+		else
+		    new_pathtype = path_noent;
 	    }
 
 	    new_beg = new_end = GLOB_ALLOC_N(struct glob_pattern *, (end - beg) * 2);
@@ -1413,36 +2477,64 @@ glob_helper(
 
 	    for (cur = beg; cur < end; ++cur) {
 		struct glob_pattern *p = *cur;
+		struct dirent_brace_args args;
 		if (p->type == RECURSIVE) {
-		    if (new_isdir == YES) /* not symlink but real directory */
-			*new_end++ = p; /* append recursive pattern */
+		    if (new_pathtype == path_directory || /* not symlink but real directory */
+			new_pathtype == path_exist) {
+			if (dotfile < ((flags & FNM_DOTMATCH) ? 2 : 1))
+			    *new_end++ = p; /* append recursive pattern */
+		    }
 		    p = p->next; /* 0 times recursion */
 		}
-		if (p->type == PLAIN || p->type == MAGICAL) {
-		    if (fnmatch(p->str, enc, dp->d_name, flags) == 0)
+		switch (p->type) {
+		  case BRACE:
+		    args.name = name;
+		    args.dp = dp;
+		    args.flags = flags;
+		    if (ruby_brace_expand(p->str, flags, dirent_match_brace,
+					  (VALUE)&args, enc, Qfalse) > 0)
 			*new_end++ = p->next;
+		    break;
+		  case ALPHA:
+# if USE_NAME_ON_FS == USE_NAME_ON_FS_BY_FNMATCH
+		    if (plainname) {
+			*new_end++ = p->next;
+			break;
+		    }
+# endif
+		  case PLAIN:
+		  case MAGICAL:
+		    if (dirent_match(p->str, enc, name, dp, flags))
+			*new_end++ = p->next;
+		  default:
+		    break;
 		}
 	    }
 
-	    status = glob_helper(buf, 1, YES, new_isdir, new_beg, new_end,
-				 flags, func, arg, enc);
+	    status = glob_helper(fd, buf, baselen, name - buf - baselen + namlen, 1,
+				 new_pathtype, new_beg, new_end,
+				 flags, funcs, arg, enc);
 	    GLOB_FREE(buf);
 	    GLOB_FREE(new_beg);
 	    if (status) break;
 	}
 
-	closedir(dirp);
+        glob_dir_finish(&globent, flags);
     }
     else if (plain) {
 	struct glob_pattern **copy_beg, **copy_end, **cur2;
 
+# if FNM_SYSCASE || NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
+      literally:
+# endif
 	copy_beg = copy_end = GLOB_ALLOC_N(struct glob_pattern *, end - beg);
 	if (!copy_beg) return -1;
 	for (cur = beg; cur < end; ++cur)
-	    *copy_end++ = (*cur)->type == PLAIN ? *cur : 0;
+	    *copy_end++ = (*cur)->type <= ALPHA ? *cur : 0;
 
 	for (cur = copy_beg; cur < copy_end; ++cur) {
 	    if (*cur) {
+		rb_pathtype_t new_pathtype = path_unknown;
 		char *buf;
 		char *name;
 		size_t len = strlen((*cur)->str) + 1;
@@ -1452,7 +2544,8 @@ glob_helper(
 		    break;
 		}
 		memcpy(name, (*cur)->str, len);
-		if (escape) remove_backslashes(name, enc);
+		if (escape)
+		    len = remove_backslashes(name, name+len-1, enc) - name;
 
 		new_beg = new_end = GLOB_ALLOC_N(struct glob_pattern *, end - beg);
 		if (!new_beg) {
@@ -1468,15 +2561,25 @@ glob_helper(
 		    }
 		}
 
-		buf = join_path(path, dirsep, name);
+		buf = join_path(path, pathlen, dirsep, name, len);
 		GLOB_FREE(name);
 		if (!buf) {
 		    GLOB_FREE(new_beg);
 		    status = -1;
 		    break;
 		}
-		status = glob_helper(buf, 1, UNKNOWN, UNKNOWN, new_beg,
-				     new_end, flags, func, arg, enc);
+#if USE_NAME_ON_FS == USE_NAME_ON_FS_REAL_BASENAME
+		if ((*cur)->type == ALPHA) {
+		    buf = replace_real_basename(buf, pathlen + (dirsep != 0), enc,
+						IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(1)+0,
+						flags, &new_pathtype);
+		    if (!buf) break;
+		}
+#endif
+		status = glob_helper(fd, buf, baselen,
+				     namelen + strlen(buf + pathlen), 1,
+				     new_pathtype, new_beg, new_end,
+				     flags, funcs, arg, enc);
 		GLOB_FREE(buf);
 		GLOB_FREE(new_beg);
 		if (status) break;
@@ -1490,23 +2593,78 @@ glob_helper(
 }
 
 static int
-ruby_glob0(const char *path, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg, rb_encoding *enc)
+push_caller(const char *path, VALUE val, void *enc)
+{
+    struct push_glob_args *arg = (struct push_glob_args *)val;
+    struct glob_pattern *list;
+    int status;
+
+    list = glob_make_pattern(path, path + strlen(path), arg->flags, enc);
+    if (!list) {
+	return -1;
+    }
+    status = glob_helper(arg->fd, arg->path, arg->baselen, arg->namelen, arg->dirsep,
+			 arg->pathtype, &list, &list + 1, arg->flags, arg->funcs,
+			 arg->arg, enc);
+    glob_free_pattern(list);
+    return status;
+}
+
+static int ruby_glob0(const char *path, int fd, const char *base, int flags,
+                      const ruby_glob_funcs_t *funcs, VALUE arg, rb_encoding *enc);
+
+struct push_glob0_args {
+    int fd;
+    const char *base;
+    int flags;
+    const ruby_glob_funcs_t *funcs;
+    VALUE arg;
+};
+
+static int
+push_glob0_caller(const char *path, VALUE val, void *enc)
+{
+    struct push_glob0_args *arg = (struct push_glob0_args *)val;
+    return ruby_glob0(path, arg->fd, arg->base, arg->flags, arg->funcs, arg->arg, enc);
+}
+
+static int
+ruby_glob0(const char *path, int fd, const char *base, int flags,
+	   const ruby_glob_funcs_t *funcs, VALUE arg,
+	   rb_encoding *enc)
 {
     struct glob_pattern *list;
     const char *root, *start;
     char *buf;
-    size_t n;
-    int status;
+    size_t n, baselen = 0;
+    int status, dirsep = FALSE;
 
     start = root = path;
+
+    if (*root == '{') {
+        struct push_glob0_args args;
+        args.fd = fd;
+        args.base = base;
+        args.flags = flags;
+        args.funcs = funcs;
+        args.arg = arg;
+        return ruby_brace_expand(path, flags, push_glob0_caller, (VALUE)&args, enc, Qfalse);
+    }
+
     flags |= FNM_SYSCASE;
 #if defined DOSISH
     root = rb_enc_path_skip_prefix(root, root + strlen(root), enc);
 #endif
 
-    if (root && *root == '/') root++;
+    if (*root == '/') root++;
 
     n = root - start;
+    if (!n && base) {
+	n = strlen(base);
+	baselen = n;
+	start = base;
+	dirsep = TRUE;
+    }
     buf = GLOB_ALLOC_N(char, n + 1);
     if (!buf) return -1;
     MEMCPY(buf, start, char, n);
@@ -1517,7 +2675,9 @@ ruby_glob0(const char *path, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg, rb_enco
 	GLOB_FREE(buf);
 	return -1;
     }
-    status = glob_helper(buf, 0, UNKNOWN, UNKNOWN, &list, &list + 1, flags, func, arg, enc);
+    status = glob_helper(fd, buf, baselen, n-baselen, dirsep,
+			 path_unknown, &list, &list + 1,
+			 flags, funcs, arg, enc);
     glob_free_pattern(list);
     GLOB_FREE(buf);
 
@@ -1527,8 +2687,11 @@ ruby_glob0(const char *path, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg, rb_enco
 int
 ruby_glob(const char *path, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg)
 {
-    return ruby_glob0(path, flags & ~GLOB_VERBOSE, func, arg,
-		      rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
+    ruby_glob_funcs_t funcs;
+    funcs.match = func;
+    funcs.error = 0;
+    return ruby_glob0(path, AT_FDCWD, 0, flags & ~GLOB_VERBOSE,
+		      &funcs, arg, rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
 }
 
 static int
@@ -1542,41 +2705,41 @@ rb_glob_caller(const char *path, VALUE a, void *enc)
     return status;
 }
 
-static int
-rb_glob2(const char *path, int flags,
-	 void (*func)(const char *, VALUE, void *), VALUE arg,
-	 rb_encoding* enc)
+static const ruby_glob_funcs_t rb_glob_funcs = {
+    rb_glob_caller, rb_glob_error,
+};
+
+void
+rb_glob(const char *path, void (*func)(const char *, VALUE, void *), VALUE arg)
 {
     struct glob_args args;
+    int status;
 
     args.func = func;
     args.value = arg;
-    args.enc = enc;
+    args.enc = rb_ascii8bit_encoding();
 
-    if (flags & FNM_SYSCASE) {
-	rb_warning("Dir.glob() ignores File::FNM_CASEFOLD");
-    }
-
-    return ruby_glob0(path, flags | GLOB_VERBOSE, rb_glob_caller, (VALUE)&args,
-		      enc);
-}
-
-void
-rb_glob(const char *path, void (*func)(const char *, VALUE, void *), VALUE arg)
-{
-    int status = rb_glob2(path, 0, func, arg, rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
+    status = ruby_glob0(path, AT_FDCWD, 0, GLOB_VERBOSE, &rb_glob_funcs,
+			(VALUE)&args, args.enc);
     if (status) GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status);
 }
 
 static void
 push_pattern(const char *path, VALUE ary, void *enc)
 {
-    rb_ary_push(ary, rb_external_str_new_with_enc(path, strlen(path), enc));
+#if defined _WIN32 || defined __APPLE__
+    VALUE name = rb_utf8_str_new_cstr(path);
+    rb_encoding *eenc = rb_default_internal_encoding();
+    name = rb_str_conv_enc(name, NULL, eenc ? eenc : enc);
+#else
+    VALUE name = rb_external_str_new_with_enc(path, strlen(path), enc);
+#endif
+    rb_ary_push(ary, name);
 }
 
 static int
 ruby_brace_expand(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg,
-		  rb_encoding *enc)
+		  rb_encoding *enc, VALUE var)
 {
     const int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
     const char *p = str;
@@ -1589,7 +2752,7 @@ ruby_brace_expand(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg,
 	if (*p == '{' && nest++ == 0) {
 	    lbrace = p;
 	}
-	if (*p == '}' && --nest <= 0) {
+	if (*p == '}' && lbrace && --nest == 0) {
 	    rbrace = p;
 	    break;
 	}
@@ -1621,20 +2784,21 @@ ruby_brace_expand(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg,
 	    }
 	    memcpy(buf+shift, t, p-t);
 	    strlcpy(buf+shift+(p-t), rbrace+1, len-(shift+(p-t)));
-	    status = ruby_brace_expand(buf, flags, func, arg, enc);
+	    status = ruby_brace_expand(buf, flags, func, arg, enc, var);
 	    if (status) break;
 	}
 	GLOB_FREE(buf);
     }
     else if (!lbrace && !rbrace) {
-	status = (*func)(s, arg, enc);
+	status = glob_call_func(func, s, arg, enc);
     }
 
+    RB_GC_GUARD(var);
     return status;
 }
 
 struct brace_args {
-    ruby_glob_func *func;
+    ruby_glob_funcs_t funcs;
     VALUE value;
     int flags;
 };
@@ -1644,198 +2808,154 @@ glob_brace(const char *path, VALUE val, void *enc)
 {
     struct brace_args *arg = (struct brace_args *)val;
 
-    return ruby_glob0(path, arg->flags, arg->func, arg->value, enc);
+    return ruby_glob0(path, AT_FDCWD, 0, arg->flags, &arg->funcs, arg->value, enc);
 }
 
-static int
-ruby_brace_glob0(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg,
-		 rb_encoding* enc)
+int
+ruby_brace_glob_with_enc(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg, rb_encoding *enc)
 {
     struct brace_args args;
 
-    args.func = func;
+    flags &= ~GLOB_VERBOSE;
+    args.funcs.match = func;
+    args.funcs.error = 0;
     args.value = arg;
     args.flags = flags;
-    return ruby_brace_expand(str, flags, glob_brace, (VALUE)&args, enc);
+    return ruby_brace_expand(str, flags, glob_brace, (VALUE)&args, enc, Qfalse);
 }
 
 int
 ruby_brace_glob(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg)
 {
-    return ruby_brace_glob0(str, flags & ~GLOB_VERBOSE, func, arg,
-			    rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
-}
-
-int
-ruby_brace_glob_with_enc(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg, rb_encoding *enc)
-{
-    return ruby_brace_glob0(str, flags & ~GLOB_VERBOSE, func, arg, enc);
+    return ruby_brace_glob_with_enc(str, flags, func, arg, rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
 }
 
 static int
-push_glob(VALUE ary, VALUE str, int flags)
+push_glob(VALUE ary, VALUE str, VALUE base, int flags)
 {
     struct glob_args args;
+    int fd;
     rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_get(str);
 
-    if (enc == rb_usascii_encoding()) enc = rb_filesystem_encoding();
+#if defined _WIN32 || defined __APPLE__
+    str = rb_str_encode_ospath(str);
+#endif
+    if (rb_enc_to_index(enc) == ENCINDEX_US_ASCII)
+	enc = rb_filesystem_encoding();
+    if (rb_enc_to_index(enc) == ENCINDEX_US_ASCII)
+	enc = rb_ascii8bit_encoding();
+    flags |= GLOB_VERBOSE;
     args.func = push_pattern;
     args.value = ary;
     args.enc = enc;
+    args.base = 0;
+    fd = AT_FDCWD;
+    if (!NIL_P(base)) {
+	if (!RB_TYPE_P(base, T_STRING) || !rb_enc_check(str, base)) {
+	    struct dir_data *dirp = DATA_PTR(base);
+	    if (!dirp->dir) dir_closed();
+#ifdef HAVE_DIRFD
+	    if ((fd = dirfd(dirp->dir)) == -1)
+		rb_sys_fail_path(dir_inspect(base));
+#endif
+	    base = dirp->path;
+	}
+	args.base = RSTRING_PTR(base);
+    }
+#if defined _WIN32 || defined __APPLE__
+    enc = rb_utf8_encoding();
+#endif
 
-    RB_GC_GUARD(str);
-    return ruby_brace_glob0(RSTRING_PTR(str), flags | GLOB_VERBOSE,
-			    rb_glob_caller, (VALUE)&args, enc);
+    return ruby_glob0(RSTRING_PTR(str), fd, args.base, flags, &rb_glob_funcs,
+		      (VALUE)&args, enc);
 }
 
 static VALUE
-rb_push_glob(VALUE str, int flags) /* '\0' is delimiter */
+rb_push_glob(VALUE str, VALUE base, int flags) /* '\0' is delimiter */
 {
-    long offset = 0;
     VALUE ary;
+    int status;
 
-    GlobPathValue(str, TRUE);
+    /* can contain null bytes as separators */
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(str, T_STRING)) {
+	FilePathValue(str);
+    }
+    else if (!rb_str_to_cstr(str)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "nul-separated glob pattern is deprecated");
+    }
+    else {
+	rb_enc_check(str, rb_enc_from_encoding(rb_usascii_encoding()));
+    }
     ary = rb_ary_new();
 
-    while (offset < RSTRING_LEN(str)) {
-	char *p, *pend;
-	int status;
-	p = RSTRING_PTR(str) + offset;
-	status = push_glob(ary, rb_enc_str_new(p, strlen(p), rb_enc_get(str)),
-			   flags);
-	if (status) GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status);
-	if (offset >= RSTRING_LEN(str)) break;
-	p += strlen(p) + 1;
-	pend = RSTRING_PTR(str) + RSTRING_LEN(str);
-	while (p < pend && !*p)
-	    p++;
-	offset = p - RSTRING_PTR(str);
-    }
+    status = push_glob(ary, str, base, flags);
+    if (status) GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status);
 
     return ary;
 }
 
 static VALUE
-dir_globs(long argc, VALUE *argv, int flags)
+dir_globs(VALUE args, VALUE base, int flags)
 {
     VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
     long i;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(args); ++i) {
 	int status;
-	VALUE str = argv[i];
-	GlobPathValue(str, TRUE);
-	status = push_glob(ary, str, flags);
+	VALUE str = RARRAY_AREF(args, i);
+	FilePathValue(str);
+	status = push_glob(ary, str, base, flags);
 	if (status) GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status);
     }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(args);
 
     return ary;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     Dir[ array ]                 -> array
- *     Dir[ string [, string ...] ] -> array
- *
- *  Equivalent to calling
- *  <code>Dir.glob(</code><i>array,</i><code>0)</code> and
- *  <code>Dir.glob([</code><i>string,...</i><code>],0)</code>.
- *
- */
 static VALUE
-dir_s_aref(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+dir_glob_option_base(VALUE base)
 {
-    if (argc == 1) {
-	return rb_push_glob(argv[0], 0);
+    if (base == Qundef || NIL_P(base)) {
+	return Qnil;
+    }
+#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
+    if (rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(base, &dir_data_type)) {
+	return base;
     }
-    return dir_globs(argc, argv, 0);
+#endif
+    FilePathValue(base);
+    if (!RSTRING_LEN(base)) return Qnil;
+    return base;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     Dir.glob( pattern, [flags] ) -> array
- *     Dir.glob( pattern, [flags] ) {| filename | block }  -> nil
- *
- *  Returns the filenames found by expanding <i>pattern</i> which is
- *  an +Array+ of the patterns or the pattern +String+, either as an
- *  <i>array</i> or as parameters to the block. Note that this pattern
- *  is not a regexp (it's closer to a shell glob). See
- *  <code>File::fnmatch</code> for the meaning of the <i>flags</i>
- *  parameter. Note that case sensitivity depends on your system (so
- *  <code>File::FNM_CASEFOLD</code> is ignored), as does the order
- *  in which the results are returned.
- *
- *  <code>*</code>::        Matches any file. Can be restricted by
- *                          other values in the glob. <code>*</code>
- *                          will match all files; <code>c*</code> will
- *                          match all files beginning with
- *                          <code>c</code>; <code>*c</code> will match
- *                          all files ending with <code>c</code>; and
- *                          <code>\*c\*</code> will match all files that
- *                          have <code>c</code> in them (including at
- *                          the beginning or end). Equivalent to
- *                          <code>/ .* /x</code> in regexp. Note, this
- *                          will not match Unix-like hidden files (dotfiles).
- *                          In order to include those in the match results,
- *                          you must use something like "{*,.*}".
- *  <code>**</code>::       Matches directories recursively.
- *  <code>?</code>::        Matches any one character. Equivalent to
- *                          <code>/.{1}/</code> in regexp.
- *  <code>[set]</code>::    Matches any one character in +set+.
- *                          Behaves exactly like character sets in
- *                          Regexp, including set negation
- *                          (<code>[^a-z]</code>).
- *  <code>{p,q}</code>::    Matches either literal <code>p</code> or
- *                          literal <code>q</code>. Matching literals
- *                          may be more than one character in length.
- *                          More than two literals may be specified.
- *                          Equivalent to pattern alternation in
- *                          regexp.
- *  <code>\</code>::        Escapes the next metacharacter.
- *                          Note that this means you cannot use backslash in windows
- *                          as part of a glob, i.e. Dir["c:\\foo*"] will not work
- *                          use Dir["c:/foo*"] instead
- *
- *     Dir["config.?"]                     #=> ["config.h"]
- *     Dir.glob("config.?")                #=> ["config.h"]
- *     Dir.glob("*.[a-z][a-z]")            #=> ["main.rb"]
- *     Dir.glob("*.[^r]*")                 #=> ["config.h"]
- *     Dir.glob("*.{rb,h}")                #=> ["main.rb", "config.h"]
- *     Dir.glob("*")                       #=> ["config.h", "main.rb"]
- *     Dir.glob("*", File::FNM_DOTMATCH)   #=> [".", "..", "config.h", "main.rb"]
- *
- *     rbfiles = File.join("**", "*.rb")
- *     Dir.glob(rbfiles)                   #=> ["main.rb",
- *                                         #    "lib/song.rb",
- *                                         #    "lib/song/karaoke.rb"]
- *     libdirs = File.join("**", "lib")
- *     Dir.glob(libdirs)                   #=> ["lib"]
- *
- *     librbfiles = File.join("**", "lib", "**", "*.rb")
- *     Dir.glob(librbfiles)                #=> ["lib/song.rb",
- *                                         #    "lib/song/karaoke.rb"]
- *
- *     librbfiles = File.join("**", "lib", "*.rb")
- *     Dir.glob(librbfiles)                #=> ["lib/song.rb"]
- */
-static VALUE
-dir_s_glob(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+static int
+dir_glob_option_sort(VALUE sort)
 {
-    VALUE str, rflags, ary;
-    int flags;
+    return (sort ? 0 : FNM_GLOB_NOSORT);
+}
 
-    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &str, &rflags) == 2)
-	flags = NUM2INT(rflags);
-    else
-	flags = 0;
+static VALUE
+dir_s_aref(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE obj, VALUE args, VALUE base, VALUE sort)
+{
+    const int flags = dir_glob_option_sort(sort);
+    base = dir_glob_option_base(base);
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(args) == 1) {
+	return rb_push_glob(RARRAY_AREF(args, 0), base, flags);
+    }
+    return dir_globs(args, base, flags);
+}
 
-    ary = rb_check_array_type(str);
+static VALUE
+dir_s_glob(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE obj, VALUE str, VALUE rflags, VALUE base, VALUE sort)
+{
+    VALUE ary = rb_check_array_type(str);
+    const int flags = NUM2INT(rflags) | dir_glob_option_sort(sort);
+    base = dir_glob_option_base(base);
     if (NIL_P(ary)) {
-	ary = rb_push_glob(str, flags);
+	ary = rb_push_glob(str, base, flags);
     }
     else {
-	volatile VALUE v = ary;
-	ary = dir_globs(RARRAY_LEN(v), RARRAY_PTR(v), flags);
+        ary = dir_globs(ary, base, flags);
     }
 
     if (rb_block_given_p()) {
@@ -1848,18 +2968,19 @@ dir_s_glob(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 dir_open_dir(int argc, VALUE *argv)
 {
-    VALUE dir = rb_funcall2(rb_cDir, rb_intern("open"), argc, argv);
-    struct dir_data *dirp;
+    VALUE dir = rb_funcallv_kw(rb_cDir, rb_intern("open"), argc, argv, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
 
-    TypedData_Get_Struct(dir, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dirp);
+    rb_check_typeddata(dir, &dir_data_type);
     return dir;
 }
 
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     Dir.foreach( dirname ) {| filename | block }  -> nil
- *     Dir.foreach( dirname )                        -> an_enumerator
+ *     Dir.foreach( dirname ) {| filename | block }                 -> nil
+ *     Dir.foreach( dirname, encoding: enc ) {| filename | block }  -> nil
+ *     Dir.foreach( dirname )                                       -> an_enumerator
+ *     Dir.foreach( dirname, encoding: enc )                        -> an_enumerator
  *
  *  Calls the block once for each entry in the named directory, passing
  *  the filename of each entry as a parameter to the block.
@@ -1887,13 +3008,25 @@ dir_foreach(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
     return Qnil;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+dir_collect(VALUE dir)
+{
+    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
+    dir_each_entry(dir, rb_ary_push, ary, FALSE);
+    return ary;
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     Dir.entries( dirname ) -> array
+ *     Dir.entries( dirname )                -> array
+ *     Dir.entries( dirname, encoding: enc ) -> array
  *
  *  Returns an array containing all of the filenames in the given
- *  directory. Will raise a <code>SystemCallError</code> if the named
- *  directory doesn't exist.
+ *  directory. Will raise a SystemCallError if the named directory
+ *  doesn't exist.
+ *
+ *  The optional <i>encoding</i> keyword argument specifies the encoding of the
+ *  directory. If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
  *
  *     Dir.entries("testdir")   #=> [".", "..", "config.h", "main.rb"]
  *
@@ -1904,7 +3037,141 @@ dir_entries(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
     VALUE dir;
 
     dir = dir_open_dir(argc, argv);
-    return rb_ensure(rb_Array, dir, dir_close, dir);
+    return rb_ensure(dir_collect, dir, dir_close, dir);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+dir_each_child(VALUE dir)
+{
+    return dir_each_entry(dir, dir_yield, Qnil, TRUE);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     Dir.each_child( dirname ) {| filename | block }                 -> nil
+ *     Dir.each_child( dirname, encoding: enc ) {| filename | block }  -> nil
+ *     Dir.each_child( dirname )                                       -> an_enumerator
+ *     Dir.each_child( dirname, encoding: enc )                        -> an_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Calls the block once for each entry except for "." and ".." in the
+ *  named directory, passing the filename of each entry as a parameter
+ *  to the block.
+ *
+ *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
+ *
+ *     Dir.each_child("testdir") {|x| puts "Got #{x}" }
+ *
+ *  <em>produces:</em>
+ *
+ *     Got config.h
+ *     Got main.rb
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+dir_s_each_child(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
+{
+    VALUE dir;
+
+    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(io, argc, argv);
+    dir = dir_open_dir(argc, argv);
+    rb_ensure(dir_each_child, dir, dir_close, dir);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     dir.each_child {| filename | block }  -> dir
+ *     dir.each_child                        -> an_enumerator
+ *
+ *  Calls the block once for each entry except for "." and ".." in
+ *  this directory, passing the filename of each entry as a parameter
+ *  to the block.
+ *
+ *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
+ *
+ *     d = Dir.new("testdir")
+ *     d.each_child  {|x| puts "Got #{x}" }
+ *
+ *  <em>produces:</em>
+ *
+ *     Got config.h
+ *     Got main.rb
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+dir_each_child_m(VALUE dir)
+{
+    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(dir, 0, 0);
+    return dir_each_entry(dir, dir_yield, Qnil, TRUE);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     dir.children  -> array
+ *
+ *  Returns an array containing all of the filenames except for "."
+ *  and ".." in this directory.
+ *
+ *     d = Dir.new("testdir")
+ *     d.children   #=> ["config.h", "main.rb"]
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+dir_collect_children(VALUE dir)
+{
+    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
+    dir_each_entry(dir, rb_ary_push, ary, TRUE);
+    return ary;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     Dir.children( dirname )                -> array
+ *     Dir.children( dirname, encoding: enc ) -> array
+ *
+ *  Returns an array containing all of the filenames except for "."
+ *  and ".." in the given directory. Will raise a SystemCallError if
+ *  the named directory doesn't exist.
+ *
+ *  The optional <i>encoding</i> keyword argument specifies the encoding of the
+ *  directory. If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
+ *
+ *     Dir.children("testdir")   #=> ["config.h", "main.rb"]
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+dir_s_children(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
+{
+    VALUE dir;
+
+    dir = dir_open_dir(argc, argv);
+    return rb_ensure(dir_collect_children, dir, dir_close, dir);
+}
+
+static int
+fnmatch_brace(const char *pattern, VALUE val, void *enc)
+{
+    struct brace_args *arg = (struct brace_args *)val;
+    VALUE path = arg->value;
+    rb_encoding *enc_pattern = enc;
+    rb_encoding *enc_path = rb_enc_get(path);
+
+    if (enc_pattern != enc_path) {
+	if (!rb_enc_asciicompat(enc_pattern))
+	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
+	if (!rb_enc_asciicompat(enc_path))
+	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
+	if (!rb_enc_str_asciionly_p(path)) {
+	    int cr = ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT;
+	    long len = strlen(pattern);
+	    if (rb_str_coderange_scan_restartable(pattern, pattern + len,
+						  enc_pattern, &cr) != len)
+		return FNM_NOMATCH;
+	    if (cr != ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT)
+		return FNM_NOMATCH;
+	}
+    }
+    return (fnmatch(pattern, enc, RSTRING_PTR(path), arg->flags) == 0);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1912,38 +3179,50 @@ dir_entries(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
  *     File.fnmatch( pattern, path, [flags] ) -> (true or false)
  *     File.fnmatch?( pattern, path, [flags] ) -> (true or false)
  *
- *  Returns true if <i>path</i> matches against <i>pattern</i> The
- *  pattern is not a regular expression; instead it follows rules
- *  similar to shell filename globbing. It may contain the following
- *  metacharacters:
- *
- *  <code>*</code>::        Matches any file. Can be restricted by
- *                          other values in the glob. <code>*</code>
- *                          will match all files; <code>c*</code> will
- *                          match all files beginning with
- *                          <code>c</code>; <code>*c</code> will match
- *                          all files ending with <code>c</code>; and
- *                          <code>\*c*</code> will match all files that
- *                          have <code>c</code> in them (including at
- *                          the beginning or end). Equivalent to
- *                          <code>/ .* /x</code> in regexp.
- *  <code>**</code>::       Matches directories recursively or files
- *                          expansively.
- *  <code>?</code>::        Matches any one character. Equivalent to
- *                          <code>/.{1}/</code> in regexp.
- *  <code>[set]</code>::    Matches any one character in +set+.
- *                          Behaves exactly like character sets in
- *                          Regexp, including set negation
- *                          (<code>[^a-z]</code>).
- *  <code>\</code>::        Escapes the next metacharacter.
- *
- *  <i>flags</i> is a bitwise OR of the <code>FNM_xxx</code>
- *  parameters. The same glob pattern and flags are used by
- *  <code>Dir::glob</code>.
+ *  Returns true if +path+ matches against +pattern+.  The pattern is not a
+ *  regular expression; instead it follows rules similar to shell filename
+ *  globbing.  It may contain the following metacharacters:
+ *
+ *  <code>*</code>::
+ *    Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob.
+ *    Equivalent to <code>/ .* /x</code> in regexp.
+ *
+ *    <code>*</code>::    Matches all files regular files
+ *    <code>c*</code>::   Matches all files beginning with <code>c</code>
+ *    <code>*c</code>::   Matches all files ending with <code>c</code>
+ *    <code>\*c*</code>:: Matches all files that have <code>c</code> in them
+ *                        (including at the beginning or end).
+ *
+ *    To match hidden files (that start with a <code>.</code> set the
+ *    File::FNM_DOTMATCH flag.
+ *
+ *  <code>**</code>::
+ *    Matches directories recursively or files expansively.
+ *
+ *  <code>?</code>::
+ *    Matches any one character. Equivalent to <code>/.{1}/</code> in regexp.
+ *
+ *  <code>[set]</code>::
+ *    Matches any one character in +set+.  Behaves exactly like character sets
+ *    in Regexp, including set negation (<code>[^a-z]</code>).
+ *
+ *  <code> \ </code>::
+ *    Escapes the next metacharacter.
+ *
+ *  <code>{a,b}</code>::
+ *    Matches pattern a and pattern b if File::FNM_EXTGLOB flag is enabled.
+ *    Behaves like a Regexp union (<code>(?:a|b)</code>).
+ *
+ *  +flags+ is a bitwise OR of the <code>FNM_XXX</code> constants. The same
+ *  glob pattern and flags are used by Dir::glob.
+ *
+ *  Examples:
  *
  *     File.fnmatch('cat',       'cat')        #=> true  # match entire string
  *     File.fnmatch('cat',       'category')   #=> false # only match partial string
- *     File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats')       #=> false # { } isn't supported
+ *
+ *     File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats')                    #=> false # { } isn't supported by default
+ *     File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats', File::FNM_EXTGLOB) #=> true  # { } is supported on FNM_EXTGLOB
  *
  *     File.fnmatch('c?t',     'cat')          #=> true  # '?' match only 1 character
  *     File.fnmatch('c??t',    'cat')          #=> false # ditto
@@ -1954,6 +3233,7 @@ dir_entries(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
  *
  *     File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT')                     #=> false # case sensitive
  *     File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> true  # case insensitive
+ *     File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_SYSCASE)  #=> true or false # depends on the system default
  *
  *     File.fnmatch('?',   '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> false # wildcard doesn't match '/' on FNM_PATHNAME
  *     File.fnmatch('*',   '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> false # ditto
@@ -1961,7 +3241,7 @@ dir_entries(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
  *
  *     File.fnmatch('\?',   '?')                       #=> true  # escaped wildcard becomes ordinary
  *     File.fnmatch('\a',   'a')                       #=> true  # escaped ordinary remains ordinary
- *     File.fnmatch('\a',   '\a', File::FNM_NOESCAPE)  #=> true  # FNM_NOESACPE makes '\' ordinary
+ *     File.fnmatch('\a',   '\a', File::FNM_NOESCAPE)  #=> true  # FNM_NOESCAPE makes '\' ordinary
  *     File.fnmatch('[\?]', '?')                       #=> true  # can escape inside bracket expression
  *
  *     File.fnmatch('*',   '.profile')                      #=> false # wildcard doesn't match leading
@@ -2000,12 +3280,25 @@ file_s_fnmatch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
     else
 	flags = 0;
 
-    StringValue(pattern);
+    StringValueCStr(pattern);
     FilePathStringValue(path);
 
-    if (fnmatch(RSTRING_PTR(pattern), rb_enc_get(pattern), RSTRING_PTR(path),
-		flags) == 0)
-	return Qtrue;
+    if (flags & FNM_EXTGLOB) {
+	struct brace_args args;
+
+	args.value = path;
+	args.flags = flags;
+	if (ruby_brace_expand(RSTRING_PTR(pattern), flags, fnmatch_brace,
+			      (VALUE)&args, rb_enc_get(pattern), pattern) > 0)
+	    return Qtrue;
+    }
+    else {
+	rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_compatible(pattern, path);
+	if (!enc) return Qfalse;
+	if (fnmatch(RSTRING_PTR(pattern), enc, RSTRING_PTR(path), flags) == 0)
+	    return Qtrue;
+    }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(pattern);
 
     return Qfalse;
 }
@@ -2024,19 +3317,126 @@ dir_s_home(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
     VALUE user;
     const char *u = 0;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &user);
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
+    user = (argc > 0) ? argv[0] : Qnil;
     if (!NIL_P(user)) {
 	SafeStringValue(user);
+	rb_must_asciicompat(user);
 	u = StringValueCStr(user);
+	if (*u) {
+	    return rb_home_dir_of(user, rb_str_new(0, 0));
+	}
+    }
+    return rb_default_home_dir(rb_str_new(0, 0));
+
+}
+
+#if 0
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Dir.exist?(file_name)   ->  true or false
+ *
+ * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is a directory,
+ * <code>false</code> otherwise.
+ *
+ */
+VALUE
+rb_file_directory_p(void)
+{
+}
+#endif
+
+/* :nodoc: */
+static VALUE
+rb_dir_exists_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
+{
+    rb_warn_deprecated("Dir.exists?", "Dir.exist?");
+    return rb_file_directory_p(obj, fname);
+}
+
+static void *
+nogvl_dir_empty_p(void *ptr)
+{
+    const char *path = ptr;
+    DIR *dir = opendir(path);
+    struct dirent *dp;
+    VALUE result = Qtrue;
+
+    if (!dir) {
+	int e = errno;
+	switch (gc_for_fd_with_gvl(e)) {
+	  default:
+	    dir = opendir(path);
+	    if (dir) break;
+	    e = errno;
+	    /* fall through */
+	  case 0:
+	    if (e == ENOTDIR) return (void *)Qfalse;
+	    errno = e; /* for rb_sys_fail_path */
+	    return (void *)Qundef;
+	}
+    }
+    while ((dp = READDIR(dir, NULL)) != NULL) {
+	if (!to_be_skipped(dp)) {
+	    result = Qfalse;
+	    break;
+	}
+    }
+    closedir(dir);
+    return (void *)result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Dir.empty?(path_name)  ->  true or false
+ *
+ * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is an empty directory,
+ * <code>false</code> if it is not a directory or non-empty.
+ */
+static VALUE
+rb_dir_s_empty_p(VALUE obj, VALUE dirname)
+{
+    VALUE result, orig;
+    const char *path;
+    enum {false_on_notdir = 1};
+
+    FilePathValue(dirname);
+    orig = rb_str_dup_frozen(dirname);
+    dirname = rb_str_encode_ospath(dirname);
+    dirname = rb_str_dup_frozen(dirname);
+    path = RSTRING_PTR(dirname);
+
+#if defined HAVE_GETATTRLIST && defined ATTR_DIR_ENTRYCOUNT
+    {
+	u_int32_t attrbuf[SIZEUP32(fsobj_tag_t)];
+	struct attrlist al = {ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT, 0, ATTR_CMN_OBJTAG,};
+	if (getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), 0) != 0)
+	    rb_sys_fail_path(orig);
+	if (*(const fsobj_tag_t *)(attrbuf+1) == VT_HFS) {
+	    al.commonattr = 0;
+	    al.dirattr = ATTR_DIR_ENTRYCOUNT;
+	    if (getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), 0) == 0) {
+		if (attrbuf[0] >= 2 * sizeof(u_int32_t))
+		    return attrbuf[1] ? Qfalse : Qtrue;
+		if (false_on_notdir) return Qfalse;
+	    }
+	    rb_sys_fail_path(orig);
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+
+    result = (VALUE)rb_thread_call_without_gvl(nogvl_dir_empty_p, (void *)path,
+					    RUBY_UBF_IO, 0);
+    if (result == Qundef) {
+	rb_sys_fail_path(orig);
     }
-    return rb_home_dir(u, rb_str_new(0, 0));
+    return result;
 }
 
 /*
- *  Objects of class <code>Dir</code> are directory streams representing
- *  directories in the underlying file system. They provide a variety of
- *  ways to list directories and their contents. See also
- *  <code>File</code>.
+ *  Objects of class Dir are directory streams representing
+ *  directories in the underlying file system. They provide a variety
+ *  of ways to list directories and their contents. See also File.
  *
  *  The directory used in these examples contains the two regular files
  *  (<code>config.h</code> and <code>main.rb</code>), the parent
@@ -2051,16 +3451,19 @@ Init_Dir(void)
     rb_include_module(rb_cDir, rb_mEnumerable);
 
     rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cDir, dir_s_alloc);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "open", dir_s_open, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "foreach", dir_foreach, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "entries", dir_entries, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "each_child", dir_s_each_child, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "children", dir_s_children, -1);
 
-    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"initialize", dir_initialize, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"fileno", dir_fileno, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"path", dir_path, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"to_path", dir_path, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"inspect", dir_inspect, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"read", dir_read, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"each", dir_each, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"each_child", dir_each_child_m, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"children", dir_collect_children, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"rewind", dir_rewind, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"tell", dir_tell, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"seek", dir_seek, 1);
@@ -2078,17 +3481,59 @@ Init_Dir(void)
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"unlink", dir_s_rmdir, 1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"home", dir_s_home, -1);
 
-    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"glob", dir_s_glob, -1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"[]", dir_s_aref, -1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"exist?", rb_file_directory_p, 1); /* in file.c */
-    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"exists?", rb_file_directory_p, 1); /* in file.c */
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"exist?", rb_file_directory_p, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"exists?", rb_dir_exists_p, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"empty?", rb_dir_s_empty_p, 1);
 
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFile,"fnmatch", file_s_fnmatch, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFile,"fnmatch?", file_s_fnmatch, -1);
 
+    /*  Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_NOESCAPE
+     *
+     *  Disables escapes in File.fnmatch and Dir.glob patterns
+     */
     rb_file_const("FNM_NOESCAPE", INT2FIX(FNM_NOESCAPE));
+
+    /*  Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_PATHNAME
+     *
+     *  Wildcards in File.fnmatch and Dir.glob patterns do not match directory
+     *  separators
+     */
     rb_file_const("FNM_PATHNAME", INT2FIX(FNM_PATHNAME));
+
+    /*  Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_DOTMATCH
+     *
+     *  The '*' wildcard matches filenames starting with "." in File.fnmatch
+     *  and Dir.glob patterns
+     */
     rb_file_const("FNM_DOTMATCH", INT2FIX(FNM_DOTMATCH));
+
+    /*  Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_CASEFOLD
+     *
+     *  Makes File.fnmatch patterns case insensitive (but not Dir.glob
+     *  patterns).
+     */
     rb_file_const("FNM_CASEFOLD", INT2FIX(FNM_CASEFOLD));
+
+    /*  Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_EXTGLOB
+     *
+     *  Allows file globbing through "{a,b}" in File.fnmatch patterns.
+     */
+    rb_file_const("FNM_EXTGLOB", INT2FIX(FNM_EXTGLOB));
+
+    /*  Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_SYSCASE
+     *
+     *  System default case insensitiveness, equals to FNM_CASEFOLD or
+     *  0.
+     */
     rb_file_const("FNM_SYSCASE", INT2FIX(FNM_SYSCASE));
+
+    /*  Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_SHORTNAME
+     *
+     *  Makes patterns to match short names if existing.  Valid only
+     *  on Microsoft Windows.
+     */
+    rb_file_const("FNM_SHORTNAME", INT2FIX(FNM_SHORTNAME));
 }
+
+#include "dir.rbinc"
diff --git a/dir.rb b/dir.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb46305013
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dir.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+class Dir
+  #    Dir.open( string ) -> aDir
+  #    Dir.open( string, encoding: enc ) -> aDir
+  #    Dir.open( string ) {| aDir | block } -> anObject
+  #    Dir.open( string, encoding: enc ) {| aDir | block } -> anObject
+  #
+  # The optional <i>encoding</i> keyword argument specifies the encoding of the directory.
+  # If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
+  #
+  # With no block, <code>open</code> is a synonym for Dir::new. If a
+  # block is present, it is passed <i>aDir</i> as a parameter. The
+  # directory is closed at the end of the block, and Dir::open returns
+  # the value of the block.
+  def self.open(name, encoding: nil, &block)
+    dir = Primitive.dir_s_open(name, encoding)
+    if block
+      begin
+        yield dir
+      ensure
+        Primitive.dir_s_close(dir)
+      end
+    else
+      dir
+    end
+  end
+
+  #    Dir.new( string ) -> aDir
+  #    Dir.new( string, encoding: enc ) -> aDir
+  #
+  # Returns a new directory object for the named directory.
+  #
+  # The optional <i>encoding</i> keyword argument specifies the encoding of the directory.
+  # If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
+  def initialize(name, encoding: nil)
+    Primitive.dir_initialize(name, encoding)
+  end
+
+  #    Dir[ string [, string ...] [, base: path] [, sort: true] ] -> array
+  #
+  # Equivalent to calling
+  # <code>Dir.glob([</code><i>string,...</i><code>], 0)</code>.
+  def self.[](*args, base: nil, sort: true)
+    Primitive.dir_s_aref(args, base, sort)
+  end
+
+  #    Dir.glob( pattern, [flags], [base: path] [, sort: true] )                       -> array
+  #    Dir.glob( pattern, [flags], [base: path] [, sort: true] ) { |filename| block }  -> nil
+  #
+  # Expands +pattern+, which is a pattern string or an Array of pattern
+  # strings, and returns an array containing the matching filenames.
+  # If a block is given, calls the block once for each matching filename,
+  # passing the filename as a parameter to the block.
+  #
+  # The optional +base+ keyword argument specifies the base directory for
+  # interpreting relative pathnames instead of the current working directory.
+  # As the results are not prefixed with the base directory name in this
+  # case, you will need to prepend the base directory name if you want real
+  # paths.
+  #
+  # The results which matched single wildcard or character set are sorted in
+  # binary ascending order, unless false is given as the optional +sort+
+  # keyword argument.  The order of an Array of pattern strings and braces
+  # are preserved.
+  #
+  # Note that the pattern is not a regexp, it's closer to a shell glob.
+  # See File::fnmatch for the meaning of the +flags+ parameter.
+  # Case sensitivity depends on your system (File::FNM_CASEFOLD is ignored).
+  #
+  # <code>*</code>::
+  #   Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob.
+  #   Equivalent to <code>/ .* /mx</code> in regexp.
+  #
+  #   <code>*</code>::     Matches all files
+  #   <code>c*</code>::    Matches all files beginning with <code>c</code>
+  #   <code>*c</code>::    Matches all files ending with <code>c</code>
+  #   <code>\*c\*</code>:: Match all files that have <code>c</code> in them
+  #                        (including at the beginning or end).
+  #
+  #   Note, this will not match Unix-like hidden files (dotfiles).  In order
+  #   to include those in the match results, you must use the
+  #   File::FNM_DOTMATCH flag or something like <code>"{*,.*}"</code>.
+  #
+  # <code>**</code>::
+  #   Matches directories recursively if followed by <code>/</code>.  If
+  #   this path segment contains any other characters, it is the same as the
+  #   usual <code>*</code>.
+  #
+  # <code>?</code>::
+  #   Matches any one character. Equivalent to <code>/.{1}/</code> in regexp.
+  #
+  # <code>[set]</code>::
+  #   Matches any one character in +set+.  Behaves exactly like character sets
+  #   in Regexp, including set negation (<code>[^a-z]</code>).
+  #
+  # <code>{p,q}</code>::
+  #   Matches either literal <code>p</code> or literal <code>q</code>.
+  #   Equivalent to pattern alternation in regexp.
+  #
+  #   Matching literals may be more than one character in length.  More than
+  #   two literals may be specified.
+  #
+  # <code> \\ </code>::
+  #   Escapes the next metacharacter.
+  #
+  #   Note that this means you cannot use backslash on windows as part of a
+  #   glob, i.e.  <code>Dir["c:\\foo*"]</code> will not work, use
+  #   <code>Dir["c:/foo*"]</code> instead.
+  #
+  # Examples:
+  #
+  #    Dir["config.?"]                     #=> ["config.h"]
+  #    Dir.glob("config.?")                #=> ["config.h"]
+  #    Dir.glob("*.[a-z][a-z]")            #=> ["main.rb"]
+  #    Dir.glob("*.[^r]*")                 #=> ["config.h"]
+  #    Dir.glob("*.{rb,h}")                #=> ["main.rb", "config.h"]
+  #    Dir.glob("*")                       #=> ["config.h", "main.rb"]
+  #    Dir.glob("*", File::FNM_DOTMATCH)   #=> [".", "..", "config.h", "main.rb"]
+  #    Dir.glob(["*.rb", "*.h"])           #=> ["main.rb", "config.h"]
+  #
+  #    Dir.glob("**/*.rb")                 #=> ["main.rb",
+  #                                        #    "lib/song.rb",
+  #                                        #    "lib/song/karaoke.rb"]
+  #
+  #    Dir.glob("**/*.rb", base: "lib")    #=> ["song.rb",
+  #                                        #    "song/karaoke.rb"]
+  #
+  #    Dir.glob("**/lib")                  #=> ["lib"]
+  #
+  #    Dir.glob("**/lib/**/*.rb")          #=> ["lib/song.rb",
+  #                                        #    "lib/song/karaoke.rb"]
+  #
+  #    Dir.glob("**/lib/*.rb")             #=> ["lib/song.rb"]
+  def self.glob(pattern, _flags = 0, flags: _flags, base: nil, sort: true)
+    Primitive.dir_s_glob(pattern, flags, base, sort)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/dln.c b/dln.c
index 44410f75e4..caaa685a6e 100644
--- a/dln.c
+++ b/dln.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 static void dln_loaderror(const char *format, ...);
 #endif
 #include "dln.h"
+#include "internal.h"
 
 #ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
 # include <stdlib.h>
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ void *xcalloc();
 void *xrealloc();
 #endif
 
+#undef free
 #define free(x) xfree(x)
 
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ void *xrealloc();
 char *getenv();
 #endif
 
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)   /* Mac OS X */
+#ifdef __APPLE__
 # if defined(HAVE_DLOPEN)
    /* Mac OS X with dlopen (10.3 or later) */
 #  define MACOSX_DLOPEN
@@ -84,10 +86,6 @@ char *getenv();
 # endif
 #endif
 
-#if defined(__BEOS__) || defined(__HAIKU__)
-# include <image.h>
-#endif
-
 #ifndef dln_loaderror
 static void
 dln_loaderror(const char *format, ...)
@@ -105,13 +103,12 @@ dln_loaderror(const char *format, ...)
 # define USE_DLN_DLOPEN
 #endif
 
-#ifndef FUNCNAME_PATTERN
-# if defined(__hp9000s300) || ((defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)) && !defined(__ELF__)) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(NeXT) || defined(__WATCOMC__) || defined(MACOSX_DYLD)
-#  define FUNCNAME_PREFIX "_Init_"
-# else
-#  define FUNCNAME_PREFIX "Init_"
-# endif
+#if defined(__hp9000s300) || ((defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)) && !defined(__ELF__)) || defined(NeXT) || defined(MACOSX_DYLD)
+# define EXTERNAL_PREFIX "_"
+#else
+# define EXTERNAL_PREFIX ""
 #endif
+#define FUNCNAME_PREFIX EXTERNAL_PREFIX"Init_"
 
 #if defined __CYGWIN__ || defined DOSISH
 #define isdirsep(x) ((x) == '/' || (x) == '\\')
@@ -228,20 +225,20 @@ load_header(int fd, struct exec *hdrp, long disp)
 #define RELOC_TARGET_SIZE(r)		((r)->r_length)
 #endif
 
-#if defined(sun) && defined(sparc)
+#if defined(__sun) && defined(__sparc)
 /* Sparc (Sun 4) macros */
 #  undef relocation_info
 #  define relocation_info reloc_info_sparc
 #  define R_RIGHTSHIFT(r)	(reloc_r_rightshift[(r)->r_type])
 #  define R_BITSIZE(r) 		(reloc_r_bitsize[(r)->r_type])
 #  define R_LENGTH(r)		(reloc_r_length[(r)->r_type])
-static int reloc_r_rightshift[] = {
+static const int reloc_r_rightshift[] = {
   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
 };
-static int reloc_r_bitsize[] = {
+static const int reloc_r_bitsize[] = {
   8, 16, 32, 8, 16, 32, 30, 22, 22, 22, 13, 10, 32, 32, 16,
 };
-static int reloc_r_length[] = {
+static const int reloc_r_length[] = {
   0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
 };
 #  define R_PCREL(r) \
@@ -530,7 +527,7 @@ reloc_undef(int no, struct undef *undef, struct reloc_arg *arg)
 {
     int datum;
     char *address;
-#if defined(sun) && defined(sparc)
+#if defined(__sun) && defined(__sparc)
     unsigned int mask = 0;
 #endif
 
@@ -539,7 +536,7 @@ reloc_undef(int no, struct undef *undef, struct reloc_arg *arg)
     datum = arg->value;
 
     if (R_PCREL(&(undef->reloc))) datum -= undef->base;
-#if defined(sun) && defined(sparc)
+#if defined(__sun) && defined(__sparc)
     datum += undef->reloc.r_addend;
     datum >>= R_RIGHTSHIFT(&(undef->reloc));
     mask = (1 << R_BITSIZE(&(undef->reloc))) - 1;
@@ -763,11 +760,11 @@ load_1(int fd, long disp, const char *need_init)
 	while (rel < rel_end) {
 	    char *address = (char*)(rel->r_address + block);
 	    long datum = 0;
-#if defined(sun) && defined(sparc)
+#if defined(__sun) && defined(__sparc)
 	    unsigned int mask = 0;
 #endif
 
-	    if(rel >= rel_beg)
+	    if (rel >= rel_beg)
 		address += hdr.a_text;
 
 	    if (rel->r_extern) { /* Look it up in symbol-table */
@@ -798,7 +795,7 @@ load_1(int fd, long disp, const char *need_init)
 	    } /* end .. is static */
 	    if (R_PCREL(rel)) datum -= block;
 
-#if defined(sun) && defined(sparc)
+#if defined(__sun) && defined(__sparc)
 	    datum += rel->r_addend;
 	    datum >>= R_RIGHTSHIFT(rel);
 	    mask = (1 << R_BITSIZE(rel)) - 1;
@@ -1117,12 +1114,12 @@ dln_sym(const char *name)
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#if defined _WIN32 && !defined __CYGWIN__
+#ifdef _WIN32
 #include <windows.h>
 #include <imagehlp.h>
 #endif
 
-#if defined _WIN32 && !defined __CYGWIN__
+#ifdef _WIN32
 static const char *
 dln_strerror(char *message, size_t size)
 {
@@ -1174,29 +1171,30 @@ dln_strerror(void)
 }
 #endif
 
-#if defined(_AIX) && ! defined(_IA64)
+#if defined(_AIX)
 static void
 aix_loaderror(const char *pathname)
 {
-  char *message[1024], errbuf[1024];
-  int i;
-#define ERRBUF_APPEND(s) strncat(errbuf, (s), sizeof(errbuf)-strlen(errbuf)-1)
-  snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "load failed - %s. ", pathname);
-
-  if (loadquery(L_GETMESSAGES, &message[0], sizeof(message)) != -1) {
-    ERRBUF_APPEND("Please issue below command for detailed reasons:\n\t");
-    ERRBUF_APPEND("/usr/sbin/execerror ruby ");
-    for (i=0; message[i]; i++) {
-      ERRBUF_APPEND("\"");
-      ERRBUF_APPEND(message[i]);
-      ERRBUF_APPEND("\" ");
+    char *message[1024], errbuf[1024];
+    int i;
+#define ERRBUF_APPEND(s) strlcat(errbuf, (s), sizeof(errbuf))
+    snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "load failed - %s. ", pathname);
+
+    if (loadquery(L_GETMESSAGES, &message[0], sizeof(message)) != -1) {
+	ERRBUF_APPEND("Please issue below command for detailed reasons:\n\t");
+	ERRBUF_APPEND("/usr/sbin/execerror ruby ");
+	for (i=0; message[i]; i++) {
+	    ERRBUF_APPEND("\"");
+	    ERRBUF_APPEND(message[i]);
+	    ERRBUF_APPEND("\" ");
+	}
+	ERRBUF_APPEND("\n");
+    }
+    else {
+	ERRBUF_APPEND(strerror(errno));
+	ERRBUF_APPEND("[loadquery failed]");
     }
-    ERRBUF_APPEND("\n");
-  } else {
-    ERRBUF_APPEND(strerror(errno));
-    ERRBUF_APPEND("[loadquery failed]");
-  }
-  dln_loaderror("%s", errbuf);
+    dln_loaderror("%s", errbuf);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -1245,30 +1243,54 @@ rb_w32_check_imported(HMODULE ext, HMODULE mine)
 #define translit_separator(str) (void)(str)
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_DLN_DLOPEN
+# include "ruby/internal/stdbool.h"
+# include "internal/warnings.h"
+COMPILER_WARNING_PUSH
+#if defined(__clang__) || GCC_VERSION_SINCE(4, 2, 0)
+COMPILER_WARNING_IGNORED(-Wpedantic)
+#endif
+static bool
+dln_incompatible_library_p(void *handle)
+{
+    void *ex = dlsym(handle, EXTERNAL_PREFIX"ruby_xmalloc");
+    void *const fp = (void *)ruby_xmalloc;
+    return ex && ex != fp;
+}
+COMPILER_WARNING_POP
+#endif
+
 void*
 dln_load(const char *file)
 {
+#if (defined _WIN32 || defined USE_DLN_DLOPEN) && defined RUBY_EXPORT
+    static const char incompatible[] = "incompatible library version";
+#endif
 #if !defined(_AIX) && !defined(NeXT)
     const char *error = 0;
-#define DLN_ERROR() (error = dln_strerror(), strcpy(ALLOCA_N(char, strlen(error) + 1), error))
 #endif
 
-#if defined _WIN32 && !defined __CYGWIN__
+#if defined _WIN32
     HINSTANCE handle;
-    char winfile[MAXPATHLEN];
+    WCHAR *winfile;
     char message[1024];
     void (*init_fct)();
     char *buf;
 
-    if (strlen(file) >= MAXPATHLEN) dln_loaderror("filename too long");
-
     /* Load the file as an object one */
     init_funcname(&buf, file);
 
-    strlcpy(winfile, file, sizeof(winfile));
+    /* Convert the file path to wide char */
+    winfile = rb_w32_mbstr_to_wstr(CP_UTF8, file, -1, NULL);
+    if (!winfile) {
+	dln_memerror();
+    }
 
     /* Load file */
-    if ((handle = LoadLibrary(winfile)) == NULL) {
+    handle = LoadLibraryW(winfile);
+    free(winfile);
+
+    if (!handle) {
 	error = dln_strerror();
 	goto failed;
     }
@@ -1276,7 +1298,7 @@ dln_load(const char *file)
 #if defined _WIN32 && defined RUBY_EXPORT
     if (!rb_w32_check_imported(handle, rb_libruby_handle())) {
 	FreeLibrary(handle);
-	error = "incompatible library version";
+	error = incompatible;
 	goto failed;
     }
 #endif
@@ -1323,15 +1345,28 @@ dln_load(const char *file)
 	    error = dln_strerror();
 	    goto failed;
 	}
+# if defined RUBY_EXPORT
+	{
+	    if (dln_incompatible_library_p(handle)) {
+
+#   if defined __APPLE__ && \
+    defined(MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED) && \
+    (MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_11)
+		/* dlclose() segfaults */
+		rb_fatal("%s - %s", incompatible, file);
+#   else
+		dlclose(handle);
+		error = incompatible;
+		goto failed;
+#   endif
+	    }
+	}
+# endif
 
 	init_fct = (void(*)())(VALUE)dlsym(handle, buf);
-#if defined __SYMBIAN32__
 	if (init_fct == NULL) {
-	    init_fct = (void(*)())dlsym(handle, "1"); /* Some Symbian versions do not support symbol table in DLL, ordinal numbers only */
-	}
-#endif
-	if (init_fct == NULL) {
-	    error = DLN_ERROR();
+	    const size_t errlen = strlen(error = dln_strerror()) + 1;
+	    error = memcpy(ALLOCA_N(char, errlen), error, errlen);
 	    dlclose(handle);
 	    goto failed;
 	}
@@ -1368,7 +1403,7 @@ dln_load(const char *file)
     }
 #endif /* hpux */
 
-#if defined(_AIX) && ! defined(_IA64)
+#if defined(_AIX)
 #define DLN_DEFINED
     {
 	void (*init_fct)();
@@ -1385,7 +1420,7 @@ dln_load(const char *file)
     }
 #endif /* _AIX */
 
-#if defined(NeXT) || defined(MACOSX_DYLD)
+#if defined(MACOSX_DYLD)
 #define DLN_DEFINED
 /*----------------------------------------------------
    By SHIROYAMA Takayuki Psi@fortune.nest.or.jp
@@ -1396,43 +1431,6 @@ dln_load(const char *file)
     sunshine@sunshineco.com,
     and... Miss ARAI Akino(^^;)
  ----------------------------------------------------*/
-#if defined(NeXT) && (NS_TARGET_MAJOR < 4)/* NeXTSTEP rld functions */
-
-    {
-        NXStream* s;
-	unsigned long init_address;
-	char *object_files[2] = {NULL, NULL};
-
-	void (*init_fct)();
-
-	object_files[0] = (char*)file;
-
-	s = NXOpenFile(2,NX_WRITEONLY);
-
-	/* Load object file, if return value ==0 ,  load failed*/
-	if(rld_load(s, NULL, object_files, NULL) == 0) {
-	    NXFlush(s);
-	    NXClose(s);
-	    dln_loaderror("Failed to load %.200s", file);
-	}
-
-	/* lookup the initial function */
-	if(rld_lookup(s, buf, &init_address) == 0) {
-	    NXFlush(s);
-	    NXClose(s);
-	    dln_loaderror("Failed to lookup Init function %.200s", file);
-	}
-
-	NXFlush(s);
-	NXClose(s);
-
-	/* Cannot call *init_address directory, so copy this value to
-	   function pointer */
-	init_fct = (void(*)())init_address;
-	(*init_fct)();
-	return (void*)init_address;
-    }
-#else/* OPENSTEP dyld functions */
     {
 	int dyld_result;
 	NSObjectFileImage obj_file; /* handle, but not use it */
@@ -1451,7 +1449,7 @@ dln_load(const char *file)
 	NSLinkModule(obj_file, file, NSLINKMODULE_OPTION_BINDNOW);
 
 	/* lookup the initial function */
-	if(!NSIsSymbolNameDefined(buf)) {
+	if (!NSIsSymbolNameDefined(buf)) {
 	    dln_loaderror("Failed to lookup Init function %.200s",file);
 	}
 	init_fct = NSAddressOfSymbol(NSLookupAndBindSymbol(buf));
@@ -1459,57 +1457,8 @@ dln_load(const char *file)
 
 	return (void*)init_fct;
     }
-#endif /* rld or dyld */
 #endif
 
-#if defined(__BEOS__) || defined(__HAIKU__)
-# define DLN_DEFINED
-    {
-      status_t err_stat;  /* BeOS error status code */
-      image_id img_id;    /* extension module unique id */
-      void (*init_fct)(); /* initialize function for extension module */
-
-      /* load extension module */
-      img_id = load_add_on(file);
-      if (img_id <= 0) {
-	dln_loaderror("Failed to load add_on %.200s error_code=%x",
-	  file, img_id);
-      }
-
-      /* find symbol for module initialize function. */
-      /* The Be Book KernelKit Images section described to use
-	 B_SYMBOL_TYPE_TEXT for symbol of function, not
-	 B_SYMBOL_TYPE_CODE. Why ? */
-      /* strcat(init_fct_symname, "__Fv"); */  /* parameter nothing. */
-      /* "__Fv" dont need! The Be Book Bug ? */
-      err_stat = get_image_symbol(img_id, buf,
-				  B_SYMBOL_TYPE_TEXT, (void **)&init_fct);
-
-      if (err_stat != B_NO_ERROR) {
-	char real_name[MAXPATHLEN];
-
-	strlcpy(real_name, buf, MAXPATHLEN);
-	strlcat(real_name, "__Fv", MAXPATHLEN);
-        err_stat = get_image_symbol(img_id, real_name,
-				    B_SYMBOL_TYPE_TEXT, (void **)&init_fct);
-      }
-
-      if ((B_BAD_IMAGE_ID == err_stat) || (B_BAD_INDEX == err_stat)) {
-	unload_add_on(img_id);
-	dln_loaderror("Failed to lookup Init function %.200s", file);
-      }
-      else if (B_NO_ERROR != err_stat) {
-	char errmsg[] = "Internal of BeOS version. %.200s (symbol_name = %s)";
-	unload_add_on(img_id);
-	dln_loaderror(errmsg, strerror(err_stat), buf);
-      }
-
-      /* call module initialize function. */
-      (*init_fct)();
-      return (void*)img_id;
-    }
-#endif /* __BEOS__ || __HAIKU__ */
-
 #ifndef DLN_DEFINED
     dln_notimplement();
 #endif
diff --git a/dln.h b/dln.h
index abbd6d85a3..99106fd22b 100644
--- a/dln.h
+++ b/dln.h
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#ifndef DLN_H
+#define DLN_H
 /**********************************************************************
 
   dln.h -
@@ -9,33 +11,19 @@
 
 **********************************************************************/
 
-#ifndef DLN_H
-#define DLN_H
+#include "ruby/defines.h"       /* for RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN */
 
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-# ifndef  HAVE_PROTOTYPES
-#  define HAVE_PROTOTYPES 1
-# endif
-# ifndef  HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-#  define HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES 1
-# endif
-#endif
+RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
 
-#undef _
-#ifdef HAVE_PROTOTYPES
-# define _(args) args
-#else
-# define _(args) ()
+#ifndef DLN_FIND_EXTRA_ARG
+#define DLN_FIND_EXTRA_ARG
 #endif
-
-#if defined __GNUC__ && __GNUC__ >= 4
-#pragma GCC visibility push(default)
+#ifndef DLN_FIND_EXTRA_ARG_DECL
+#define DLN_FIND_EXTRA_ARG_DECL
 #endif
 
-DEPRECATED(char *dln_find_exe(const char*,const char*));
-DEPRECATED(char *dln_find_file(const char*,const char*));
-char *dln_find_exe_r(const char*,const char*,char*,size_t);
-char *dln_find_file_r(const char*,const char*,char*,size_t);
+char *dln_find_exe_r(const char*,const char*,char*,size_t DLN_FIND_EXTRA_ARG_DECL);
+char *dln_find_file_r(const char*,const char*,char*,size_t DLN_FIND_EXTRA_ARG_DECL);
 
 #ifdef USE_DLN_A_OUT
 extern char *dln_argv0;
@@ -43,8 +31,6 @@ extern char *dln_argv0;
 
 void *dln_load(const char*);
 
-#if defined __GNUC__ && __GNUC__ >= 4
-#pragma GCC visibility pop
-#endif
+RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
 
 #endif
diff --git a/dln_find.c b/dln_find.c
index 7ce3a957ed..ca62441631 100644
--- a/dln_find.c
+++ b/dln_find.c
@@ -11,19 +11,11 @@
 
 #ifdef RUBY_EXPORT
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"
-#define dln_notimplement rb_notimplement
-#define dln_memerror rb_memerror
-#define dln_exit rb_exit
-#define dln_loaderror rb_loaderror
 #define dln_warning rb_warning
 #define dln_warning_arg
 #else
-#define dln_notimplement --->>> dln not implemented <<<---
-#define dln_memerror abort
-#define dln_exit exit
 #define dln_warning fprintf
 #define dln_warning_arg stderr,
-static void dln_loaderror(const char *format, ...);
 #endif
 #include "dln.h"
 
@@ -45,14 +37,6 @@ char *dln_argv0;
 # include <strings.h>
 #endif
 
-#ifndef xmalloc
-void *xmalloc();
-void *xcalloc();
-void *xrealloc();
-#endif
-
-#define free(x) xfree(x)
-
 #include <stdio.h>
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 #include "missing/file.h"
@@ -64,25 +48,20 @@ void *xrealloc();
 #   define S_ISDIR(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
 #endif
 
-#ifdef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
-# include <sys/param.h>
-#endif
-#ifndef MAXPATHLEN
-# define MAXPATHLEN 1024
-#endif
-
 #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
 # include <unistd.h>
 #endif
 
-#ifndef _WIN32
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !HAVE_DECL_GETENV
 char *getenv();
 #endif
 
-static char *dln_find_1(const char *fname, const char *path, char *buf, size_t size, int exe_flag);
+static char *dln_find_1(const char *fname, const char *path, char *buf, size_t size, int exe_flag
+			DLN_FIND_EXTRA_ARG_DECL);
 
 char *
-dln_find_exe_r(const char *fname, const char *path, char *buf, size_t size)
+dln_find_exe_r(const char *fname, const char *path, char *buf, size_t size
+	       DLN_FIND_EXTRA_ARG_DECL)
 {
     char *envpath = 0;
 
@@ -92,41 +71,30 @@ dln_find_exe_r(const char *fname, const char *path, char *buf, size_t size)
     }
 
     if (!path) {
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-	path = "/usr/local/bin;/usr/ucb;/usr/bin;/bin;.";
-#else
-	path = "/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/usr/bin:/bin:.";
-#endif
+	path =
+	    "/usr/local/bin" PATH_SEP
+	    "/usr/ucb" PATH_SEP
+	    "/usr/bin" PATH_SEP
+	    "/bin" PATH_SEP
+	    ".";
     }
-    buf = dln_find_1(fname, path, buf, size, 1);
+    buf = dln_find_1(fname, path, buf, size, 1 DLN_FIND_EXTRA_ARG);
     if (envpath) free(envpath);
     return buf;
 }
 
 char *
-dln_find_file_r(const char *fname, const char *path, char *buf, size_t size)
+dln_find_file_r(const char *fname, const char *path, char *buf, size_t size
+		DLN_FIND_EXTRA_ARG_DECL)
 {
     if (!path) path = ".";
-    return dln_find_1(fname, path, buf, size, 0);
-}
-
-static char fbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
-
-char *
-dln_find_exe(const char *fname, const char *path)
-{
-    return dln_find_exe_r(fname, path, fbuf, sizeof(fbuf));
-}
-
-char *
-dln_find_file(const char *fname, const char *path)
-{
-    return dln_find_file_r(fname, path, fbuf, sizeof(fbuf));
+    return dln_find_1(fname, path, buf, size, 0 DLN_FIND_EXTRA_ARG);
 }
 
 static char *
 dln_find_1(const char *fname, const char *path, char *fbuf, size_t size,
-	   int exe_flag /* non 0 if looking for executable. */)
+	   int exe_flag /* non 0 if looking for executable. */
+	   DLN_FIND_EXTRA_ARG_DECL)
 {
     register const char *dp;
     register const char *ep;
@@ -280,41 +248,49 @@ dln_find_1(const char *fname, const char *path, char *fbuf, size_t size,
 	/* now append the file name */
 	i = fnlen;
 	if (fspace < i) {
-	  toolong:
-	    PATHNAME_TOO_LONG();
-	    goto next;
+            goto toolong;
 	}
 	fspace -= i;
 	memcpy(bp, fname, i + 1);
 
 #if defined(DOSISH)
 	if (exe_flag && !ext) {
-	  needs_extension:
-	    for (j = 0; j < sizeof(extension) / sizeof(extension[0]); j++) {
-		if (fspace < strlen(extension[j])) {
-		    PATHNAME_TOO_LONG();
-		    continue;
-		}
-		strlcpy(bp + i, extension[j], fspace);
-		if (stat(fbuf, &st) == 0)
-		    return fbuf;
-	    }
-	    goto next;
+            goto needs_extension;
 	}
-#endif /* _WIN32 or __EMX__ */
+#endif
 
-	if (stat(fbuf, &st) == 0) {
+#ifndef S_ISREG
+# define S_ISREG(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG)
+#endif
+	if (stat(fbuf, &st) == 0 && S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
 	    if (exe_flag == 0) return fbuf;
 	    /* looking for executable */
-	    if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && eaccess(fbuf, X_OK) == 0)
-		return fbuf;
+	    if (eaccess(fbuf, X_OK) == 0) return fbuf;
 	}
       next:
 	/* if not, and no other alternatives, life is bleak */
 	if (*ep == '\0') {
 	    return NULL;
 	}
+        continue;
 
+      toolong:
+        PATHNAME_TOO_LONG();
+        goto next;
+
+#if defined(DOSISH)
+      needs_extension:
+        for (j = 0; j < sizeof(extension) / sizeof(extension[0]); j++) {
+            if (fspace < strlen(extension[j])) {
+                PATHNAME_TOO_LONG();
+                continue;
+            }
+            strlcpy(bp + i, extension[j], fspace);
+            if (stat(fbuf, &st) == 0)
+                return fbuf;
+        }
+        goto next;
+#endif
 	/* otherwise try the next component in the search path */
     }
 }
diff --git a/dmydln.c b/dmydln.c
index 2c8aacc06a..d05cda0b8e 100644
--- a/dmydln.c
+++ b/dmydln.c
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 #include "ruby/ruby.h"
 
+NORETURN(void *dln_load(const char *));
 void*
 dln_load(const char *file)
 {
     rb_loaderror("this executable file can't load extension libraries");
+
+    UNREACHABLE_RETURN(NULL);
 }
diff --git a/dmyenc.c b/dmyenc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e006e826c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dmyenc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#define require(name) ruby_require_internal(name, (unsigned int)sizeof(name)-1)
+int ruby_require_internal(const char *, int);
+
+void
+Init_enc(void)
+{
+    if (require("enc/encdb.so") == 1) {
+	require("enc/trans/transdb.so");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dmyencoding.c b/dmyencoding.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 1bd1106e69..0000000000
--- a/dmyencoding.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-#define NO_LOCALE_CHARMAP 1
-#include "encoding.c"
diff --git a/dmyversion.c b/dmyversion.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 279c6ea95a..0000000000
--- a/dmyversion.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-#define NO_INITIAL_LOAD_PATH 1
-#include "version.c"
diff --git a/doc/.document b/doc/.document
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad17aada6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/.document
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+*.md
+*.rdoc
+NEWS-*
+syntax
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog-0.06_to_0.52 b/doc/ChangeLog-0.06_to_0.52
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63826081b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog-0.06_to_0.52
@@ -0,0 +1,1147 @@
+Fri Oct 14 13:22:18 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.52: ……なんてこったい.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): returnの処理が間違っていたので, マシンによって
+	  はreturnで関数を終了するだけでなくtoplevelまでつき抜けていた.
+
+	* object.c: Builtinクラスを新設. 組み込み関数をKernelから移した.
+	  nilが組み込み関数を理解するとトラブルの元である.
+
+	* dbm.c: Dictと同様にeachが[key,value]を返すように.
+
+	* version 0.51
+
+Thu Oct 13 12:13:48 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(SETUP_ARGS): 付加演算子が配列でない時には配列に変換する.
+
+	* parse.y: 括弧なしのメソッド呼び出しでも`*'による付加引数が使える
+	  ようにした. ただし, 通常引数が一つもない場合は乗算演算子と区別が
+	  つかないので, 必ず括弧が必要.
+
+Wed Oct 12 10:09:07 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): キャッシュの計算をinline化. キャッシュミスがあ
+	  れば関数呼び出しでメソッドを検索する. methods.cはなくなった.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_eval): ローカル変数用の領域をalloca()するように変更.
+	  サイズの変更が必要になれば改めてmalloc()するように.
+
+	* parse.y: error recoveryの際にlex_stateを更新しておくように.
+
+Tue Oct 11 17:10:46 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* socket.c(for_fd): ファイル記述子(Fixnum)からソケットインスタンス
+	  を得るメソッド. たとえばinetdから起動されたサーバで標準入出力に
+	  ソケット操作を行なうために使う. つまりSocket.for_fd($stdin)で標
+	  準入力に対応するソケットオブジェクトが得られる.
+
+	* io.c(to_i): IOクラスのインスタンスを整数に変換するとそのファイル
+	  記述子を返すように.
+
+	* numeric.c(num2int): to_iメソッドを使ってできる限り整数に変換する.
+	  以前はnum2fixだけが全てのオブジェクトに対してto_iメソッドを適用
+	  していた.
+
+	* sprintf.c(Fsprintf): 整数表示の際, オブジェクトをできる限り整数
+	  に変換するように(to_iメソッドを使う).
+
+Fri Oct  7 14:06:32 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(Fcaller): 必要性がよく分からないのでドキュメントから削除.
+	  将来デバッガを作る時に復活させよう.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): Cで記述されたメソッド呼び出しでは環境をスタック
+	  にセーブしないことによって高速化.
+
+Wed Oct  5 15:00:58 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* ruby.h: 一時env.hに移動してたQselfの定義を復活. ただし今回は関数
+	  として実現(env.hでは変数として再定義してある).
+
+	* ruby.h: TRUEでsyntax errorにならないよう#undefを追加.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_eval): thread化に挑戦したが, 失敗(速くならなかった).
+	  が, Scopingなどの無駄なコードの削除とメソッド呼び出しの引数セッ
+	  トのinline化で若干の高速化を実現した. 副作用として, argc, argv形
+	  式の関数呼び出しの仕様が変化した(argvにselfを含まなくなった).
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): メソッド呼び出しの高速化.
+
+Tue Oct  4 11:40:53 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* ruby-mode.el: 修飾子に対応した.
+
+	* parse.y: 多重代入にrestをつけた. この機能を使えばoptional引数の
+	  解析が簡単にできる(はず).
+
+	* pack.c(unpack): uuencode形式のdecodeの際に文字列の長さが間違って
+	  いた.
+
+Mon Oct  3 15:58:41 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* file.c(type): ファイルタイプを文字列で返すメソッド.
+
+Fri Sep 30 11:36:07 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* object.c: デフォルトの真の値である%TRUEの値を1(Fixnum)からtに変
+	  更した. to_sで文字列に変換した時にも`t'と表示される. 更に踏み込
+	  んで`t'を予約語にしてlispのようにしようかとも思ったが, そこまで
+	  は決心できなかった. 一文字のローカル変数はかなり使いそうな気がす
+	  るので….
+
+	* array.c,dict.c: equalを再定義しているクラスで, hashを正しく定義
+	  した.
+
+Wed Sep 28 23:30:28 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c(Ffail): 今までfailはカーネルクラスのメソッドであったが,
+	  構文に組み込んだ. この変更によって, 1)`fail'は予約語となり, ロー
+	  カル変数に用いることができなくなった. 2)`fail'単体で例外を発生す
+	  るようになった. 3)failはメソッドではなくなったので再定義される可
+	  能性がなくなった.
+
+	* dic.c, dbm.c(indexes): Arrayのindexesと同様の機能を持つメソッド
+	  を追加.
+
+	* array.c(indexes): 引数をインデックスとする要素の配列を返す. 整数
+	  の配列を引数とする時には引数の要素をインデックスとする要素の配列
+	  を返す.
+
+Mon Sep 19 13:42:31 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* array.c(aset): 部分配列に対する代入で配列以外のオブジェクトが指
+	  定された場合に多重代入と同じルールで配列化するようにした.
+
+	* io.c(print): 引数として与えられた各オブジェクトにprint_onメッセー
+	  ジを与えるように. 実行速度は落ちるが柔軟性は増す.
+
+Fri Sep 16 14:59:18 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* glob.c: ワイルドカードの導入. bashに使われているGNUのglobルーチ
+	  ンを流用した.
+
+Mon Sep 12 18:36:58 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(value_expr): 式がnilの時に対応.
+
+	* class.c: ICLASSのclassが必ずClass/Moduleを指すように.
+
+Tue Sep  6 16:23:28 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* re.c:	正規表現内で「\数字」形式が指定できるように.
+
+	* parse.y:「do expr using var ... end」形式はなくなった. 寂しい気
+	  もする. *BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY*
+
+Mon Sep  5 10:59:01 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* numeric.c(next): Numericクラスにもnextを提供.
+
+	* string.c(upto): uptoを提供.
+
+	* range.c(each): nextを使ったインタフェースからuptoを使うように変
+	  更した. この方が一つのメソッドで処理をまとめで行なうことができる.
+
+Fri Sep  2 15:25:39 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* dict.c(each): 戻り値を[key, value]のペアに変更. 今までのeachは
+	  each_valueとして残る. *BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY*
+
+Thu Sep  1 10:49:04 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* 成功した(特別な戻り値を持たない)システムコールは`0'を返すように.
+
+Wed Aug 31 00:26:51 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* string.c: チェックサムを得るメソッド`sum'を作った.
+
+	* class.c(include_class_new): ICLASSのclassをもとのクラスにした.
+	  gcの際に元クラスをマークする必要があるのが, フィールドを増やす余
+	  地が無いので, classフィールドを流用した. 私の見積りが間違ってい
+	  て, ICLASSのインスタンスにメッセージを送る事があれば, おかしな動
+	  作をするだろう.
+
+	* eval.c(masign): 式(a,b = nil)の値を[nil]からnilに変更した.
+
+Mon Aug 29 11:56:09 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* class.c: rb_define_mfuncを無くして, メタクラスにモジュールをイン
+	  クルードするようにした.
+
+	* error.c(yyerror): 同じ行で複数のsyntax errorをリポートしないよう
+	  にした.
+
+	* file.c: FileTestモジュールにファイルテストメソッドを分離した.
+
+	* parse.y: 演算子を指定する時のlex_stateを正しく設定した.
+
+Sat Aug 27 01:23:34 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* parse.y: if/whileなどの複合式をprimaryに移動した. これによって例
+	  えば「if cond then a else b end.message()」のような式が書けるよ
+	  うになった.
+
+Fri Aug 26 10:46:30 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* spec: 整理された文法にしたがって書き直した.
+
+	* parse.y: ここ数日で混乱していた文法を整理した. 括弧を省略したメ
+	  ソッド呼び出しができるようになったこと, modifierが付けられるよう
+	  になったこと, returnにリストが渡せるようになったことが主な変更点
+	  である.
+
+	* process周りが怪しいがとにかくSolaris 2.3で動くように.
+
+	* parse.y: 曖昧性がない場合にはメソッド呼び出しの引数の括弧を省略
+	  できるように. 省略できるメソッド呼び出しの条件は, 1)かならず1個
+	  以上の引数を必要とすること, 2)第1引数が`+', `-', `(', `[', `{',
+	  `/'など, 式の始まりに置かれた時と途中に現れた時とで解釈が違う記
+	  号で始まらないこと, である.
+
+Thu Aug 25 13:54:58 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(cond): 条件式の展開部にbugがあった.
+
+Wed Aug 24 00:01:15 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* parse.y: returnはコンマで区切ったリストも受け取るように. つまり,
+	  return a, b, cはreturn [a, b, c]と同じ意味になる.
+
+	* parse.y: yield以外の大域脱出制御式をexprからexpr0に移した. よっ
+	  てメソッドの引数に制御式を使えなくなる(これで困る人はいないはず).
+
+	* parse.y: `+'の定数展開の際に演算子の優先順位を忘れていた.
+
+	* eval.c: untilの戻り値はnilになった.
+
+	* parse.y: modifierとしてのif/unless/while/untilを追加.
+
+	* parse.y: 文法からendの後ろにつけるキーワードを削除. ほとんど使わ
+	  なかった上に, emacsではruby-modeがあれば対応のチェックが機械的に
+	  出来るため.
+
+Tue Aug 23 18:08:33 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: スクリプト実行開始前に例外が発生した時にcore dumpした.
+	  組み込み用にコードを変更した時にenbugしてしまった.
+
+Tue Aug 23 00:07:17 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c: doの戻り値がいつもnilになっていた.
+
+	* parse.y: loop制御変数の多重代入化にbugがあった.
+
+	* parse.y(expand_op): 文字列も畳み込みの対象に.
+
+Mon Aug 22 10:50:01 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(expand_op): `+'に関しては結合則を使って, より多く定数畳
+	  み込みを行なうように.
+
+	* ruby.c(proc_options): argcが0の時にも対応.
+
+	* parse.y: forなどの制御変数に多重代入も使えるように.
+
+Sat Aug 20 00:59:40 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* parse.y(call_op): 演算子`~'の取り扱いをルール部へ移動.
+
+Fri Aug 19 11:44:13 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* main.c: rubyをほかのプログラムに組み込めるようにmain()を分割した.
+	  それにともない, プログラムの呼び出し構造を修正した.
+
+	* parse.y: 条件式の定義を変更. ifなどの条件式の中でだけ`&&'や`||'
+	  および`!'の引数が条件式になるように. この変更により条件式以外の
+	  場所での `&&', `||', `!'演算子の動作が直観に一致する.
+
+	* parse.y: 実引数の`*'の後に続く引数はexprに制限した. 今までは全て
+	  の文が有効であったが, ここで定義文があってもしょうがない.
+
+Thu Aug 18 10:21:45 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* re.c: 正規表現ルーチンの初期化部分を削除してしまっていた. これで
+	  はemacsの正規表現になってしまう.
+
+	* version.c: copyright表示を追加.
+
+	* version.c: バージョン表示をstderrに.
+
+	* configure.in: gccがない場合testに失敗していた.
+
+Fri Aug 12 14:12:23 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* array.c(astore): 配列の拡大する時にある程度の大きさをまとめて拡
+	  大するように.
+
+	* io.c(Fprint): 配列に対しては一度文字列に変換することなく, 直接内
+	  容を出力するように.
+
+	* string.c(str_new): memmoveからmemcpyへ置き換えた. これでもかなり
+	  速度が違う.
+
+	* ruby.h: データメンバの取り出しで名前を文字列からIDで指定するよう
+	  にした. かなりの高速化になる.
+
+	* io.c: $ARGFという変数で引数列からなる仮想ファイルをオブジェクト
+	  として扱えるようにした. 今まではトップレベルのgets()などを使って
+	  アクセスしていたが, どうもオブジェクト指向的ではなかった.
+
+Thu Aug 11 11:43:15 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* gc.c: mark_location()の間違った呼び出し方の行が残っていた.
+
+	* method.c: プロトタイプ宣言が足りなかった.
+
+Wed Aug 10 15:54:46 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* variable.c: -vオプションが指定されている時は初期化されていない,
+	  大域変数, インスタンス変数, ローカル変数を参照した時点でwarning
+	  を出すようにした.
+
+Tue Aug  9 11:50:48 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* bignum.c: 冪乗に関しても多倍長演算を行なうように. 特に浮動小数点
+	  数の範囲を越えた時の処理を的確に行なうように.
+
+	* eval.c: メソッド定義後は構文木から, メソッド定義部分を外す. 無駄
+	  な再定義が起こらないようにするためと2重にfree()されないため.
+
+	* array.c(Fary_aref): 引数が1つでFixnumの時, Range checkを行なわな
+	  いように修正.
+
+	* eval.c: メソッドの引数の数をコンパイル時に計算して若干の高速化.
+
+Mon Aug  8 13:06:24 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* object.c: nilによる比較連鎖をなくした.
+
+	* parse.y: bit演算子の優先順位を比較演算子よりも強くした.  Cとは異
+	  なることになるが, 直観には合致する.
+
+	* gc.c: クラスを解放する時, 個々のメソッド毎にキャッシュをクリアす
+	  るのではなく, クラス単位でクリアするように.
+
+Thu Aug  4 18:45:09 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* methods.c(method_free): 解放されたメソッドに関してキャッシュをク
+	  リアしておく必要があった.
+
+	* gc.c: Dataクラスのデータ部分をfree()し忘れていた.
+
+Wed Aug  3 09:58:14 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: def func .. end形式による関数メソッドの定義はなくなった.
+
+	* methods.c: func形式のメソッドをなくした. あっても, あまり意味が
+	  ないので.
+
+	* eval.c: $0への代入でps(1)の出力が変化するように.
+
+	* io.c(Fsyscall): syscall()を実現.
+
+Mon Aug  1 13:41:11 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: ダブルクォートで囲まれた文字列や正規表現中で"#{変数名}"
+	  または"#変数名"という形式で変数の内容を埋め込むことができるよう
+	  になった.
+
+	* io.c: 関数メソッドsystem2()はなくなった. 今はバッククォートがあ
+	  るからね.
+
+	* parse.y: `cmd`によってコマンドを文字列に展開することができるよう
+	  になった.
+
+	* parse.y: __FILE__, __LINE__を追加. それぞれファイル名(文字列),
+	  行番号(整数)を値とする疑似変数.
+
+Fri Jul 29 13:16:07 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* methods.h: メソッドをオブジェクトとして扱うのをやめる. メソッド
+	  のメモリ管理にはリファレンスカウントを使うことにした. これでオブ
+	  ジェクトの数が減ってほんの少しだけGCが速くなる(かな).
+
+	* purifyによってメモリ関係のバグを検査した(見つかる,見つかる…).
+
+	* gc.c: GCをプログラマが変数をマークする形式から, スタックとレジス
+	  タからマークする方法に変更. 移植性が下がるような気もするが, siod
+	  やscmでも採用されているから多分大丈夫だろう. Linux on i486でも動
+	  作を確認した.
+
+Wed Jul 27 16:13:13 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(Eval): トップレベルでは構造木をfreeしないように. どうせ解
+	  放されるから時間の無駄である.
+
+	* array.c, dict.c: "=="を構造一致に変更.
+
+Fri Jul 22 10:14:09 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* error.c: 組み込みタイプの名前を登録し忘れていた.
+
+Thu Jul 21 14:06:48 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(freenode),eval.c(Eval): 解析木を解放し忘れていた.
+
+Mon Jul 18 10:19:15 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: 多重代入を処理するルールにバグがあって, 3要素以上の多重
+	  代入に失敗していた.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_eval): 多重代入で, 右辺が配列でない時には`to_a'メソッ
+	  ドで配列に変換して代入するようにした. 今までの仕様だと右辺値が第
+	  1要素にそのまま代入されていたが, structなど配列に変換できるもの
+	  は変換した方が嬉しい気がする.
+
+	* dbm.c,dict.c(delete_if): メソッド追加.
+
+	* process.c(wait,waitpid): システムコールwaitpidまたはwait4がある
+	  時はそちらを使うように. configureもそれらをチェックするように変更.
+
+	* dbm.c, dict.c(clear): メソッド追加.
+
+Fri Jul 15 10:54:45 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* array.c(Fary_fill,Fary_clear): メソッドを追加.
+
+	* string.c(Fstr_split): $;の値が長さ1の文字列である時, これを正規
+	  表現化しないで, 単なる文字として分割する.
+
+	* string.c(Fstr_aset/Fstr_aref): インデックスが文字列の範囲外だっ
+	  た時の動作をArrayを参考に修正した.
+
+	* array.c(astore,Fary_aset): 領域をreallocした後, ゼロでクリアする
+	  ように. 今まで配列にゴミが入っていた.
+
+	* array.c: []/[]=でのインデックス関係を整理. 基本的に負のインデッ
+	  クスに代入しない限り例外は起きないように変更した. 必要に応じて適
+	  当に解釈して, 必要ならば領域を拡張するように.
+
+Thu Jul 14 11:18:07 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* autoexec.c: 削除. autoload関係の機能は今後検討しよう.
+
+	* dict.c: 辞書クラスの正式名称をDictに変更した. 別名としてHashを用
+	  意した. 今までDictionaryなどと長い名前にしていたが誰も使っていな
+	  かったしね. *BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY*
+
+	* parse.y: Dictを生成する構文を追加. こちらを{..}にした.
+
+	* parse.y: 配列を生成する構文を[..]に変更した. 過去のRubyスクリプ
+	  トとの互換性が保てないが, Dictを生成する構文を導入するに当たり,
+	  perl5に合わせて(意識して), 変更する時期は今しかないと考えた.
+	  *BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY*
+
+	* eval.c(Feval): eval()でメソッドを定義する時, 定義されるクラスを
+	  メソッドの所属するクラスにした. 今まではObjectクラスに定義されて
+	  いた.
+
+	* parse.y: ローカル引数がない時のeval()で落ちていた.
+
+Tue Jul 12 09:41:28 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* pack.c: uuencode形式のサポート.
+
+	* `-0'を`-R'に. 出力レコードセパレータをコマンドラインから指定する
+	  方法はなくなった. どうも, 仕様がゆれるなあ.
+
+Mon Jul 11 09:51:24 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* ruby.c: `-r'オプションは`-0'オプションになった. 当面は`-r'も有効
+	  だが変更される可能性がある. `-R'は当面はそのまま.
+
+	* version.c: version表示に日付を含めた.
+
+	* parse.y: private methodの復活. RubyのprivateメソッドはC++におけ
+	  るprotected methodに該当するもので, `@'で始まる名前を持つ.
+
+	* env.h: struct ENVIRONの定義を分離.
+
+	* parse.y: `\$var', `\@var', `%var'も許すように.
+
+	* variable.c(Fdefined): idも引数として受け付けるように.
+
+	* parse.y: if文/unless文にキーワードthenを追加. thenなしというのは,
+	  意外と間違いが多いので. もちろん省略できる.
+
+Sat Jul  9 02:16:04 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c(rb_eval): class/moduleの評価で新しいスコープを割り当てて
+	  いなかった. スコープ割り当て部分をrb_call()からrb_eval()に移した.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): realloc()に渡される事のある, ローカル変数用の領
+	  域をalloca()していた. たまに落ちるわけだ.
+
+	* string.c(Fstr_times): 割り当てた領域を越えた部分を変更していた.
+
+Wed Jul  6 15:52:42 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* socket.c: Socket -> BasicSocket, RawSocket -> Socket に改名.
+
+	* string.c(ucfirst,lcfirst): 最初の1文字だけの大文字/小文字変換.
+
+	* numeric.c(chr): 整数の文字列化メソッド.
+
+	* inits.c, dbm.c: DBMが使えない時はクラスそのものを定義しないよう
+	  にした.  利用できないクラスはnilとすることを今後のポリシーとしよ
+	  う(いままではアクセスした時点でエラーが発生していた). autoexec()
+	  のあり方も検討が必要になりそうだ.
+
+	* bignum.c(bigadd): バグ修正.
+
+Thu Jul  7 11:12:18 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(Fload,Feval): eval_treeをクリアし忘れていた.
+
+	* _inspect: オブジェクトを可読形式の文字列に変換する(主にデバッグ
+	  出力用).
+
+Wed Jul  6 00:57:18 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* numeric.c, bignum.c: 整数に対する`[]'演算子. nビット目がセットさ
+	  れているかどうかを返す.
+
+Tue Jul  5 12:48:39 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* io.c(Feof): 追加. コマンドラインからなる仮想ファイルについても
+	  EOFが検出できるように.
+
+	* ruby.c: -l/-r/-R/-Xオプションの追加.
+
+	* ruby.c: -n/-pオプションのloopの付加などをメインルーチンに移動し
+	  た. これで, オプションの解析途中で(`-c'オプションのせいで)終了な
+	  どといったことはない.
+
+	* io.c(Fgets): 高速化. 凝ったことをしない方が速かった. 虚しい.
+
+Mon Jul  4 15:55:48 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* Socket:getsockname/getpeername - ようやく仕様が安定した.
+
+	* io.c(Fgets): eachでgetsを記述するのではなく, getsでeachを記述す
+	  るようにした.
+
+Fri Jul  1 10:35:49 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* $ENV[env] = nil/$ENV.delete(env)で環境変数を削除できるようになっ
+	  た. $ENV.deleteは環境変数の以前の値を返す.
+
+	* !~の定義が間違っていた.
+
+	* Dict,DBM:[]= - nilの代入によって要素を削除できるようになった. こ
+	  れにともないnilはDictの要素になれなくなった.
+
+	* ソースの整理. 盲腸のような使われていないコードをなくしたり, 変数
+	  名を付け変えたりした.
+
+Fri Jul  1 00:21:29 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* Array:join() - 要素数0の配列に対して空文字列を返す.
+
+	* RawSocket:open(),socketpair() - 文字列で指定できるドメインとタイ
+	  プをいくつか追加した.
+
+Thu Jun 30 13:51:29 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* -fオプションをなくした. 昔(loadのなかった頃)の名残なので, 今となっ
+	  ては必要ないだろう.
+
+	* -sオプションを追加. perlの-sオプションと同じ動きをする.
+
+	* RawSocketクラスを提供する. Socketに対するシステムコールレベルの
+	  アクセスが可能になった.
+
+Thu Jun 30 00:27:19 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* Socket - bug fixes.
+
+	* linuxではsyscall(SYS_select)が正常に動作しない.
+
+	* Socket:addr,peeraddr - 配列としてsockaddrの情報を返す.
+
+Wed Jun 29 00:14:20 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* Socket:setopt,getopt - setsockopt(2), getsockopt(2)へのアクセス
+	  を実現.
+
+	* sprintf() - rubyにはunsignedは無いので, %uを取り除いた.
+
+	* sprintf() - %b, %x, %oでは2の補数表現, %B, %X, %Oでは符号付き表
+	  現で出力するように. ここ数日でsprintf()の仕様がゆらいでいたが,
+	  これで落ち着きそうだ.
+
+Tue Jun 28 14:42:03 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* Bignum:<<,>> - 2の補数をとる処理を除いた. シフト演算には関係ない
+	  処理だった.
+
+	* Bignum:^ - bug fix. 符合が反対だった.
+
+	* sprintf() - 2進出力子"%b"を追加.
+
+	* sprintf() - %x, %oでFixnumを出力する時, 2の補数表示を行なわない.
+
+	* sprintf() - %x, %oはやはり負の数の時は`-'を出力するように.
+
+Mon Jun 27 14:56:13 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* sprintf() - Bignumについても%d, %oは(2の補数表現に変換して)正の
+	  整数を表示するようにした.
+
+	* Bignumに対する論理演算の定義を修正した. 負の数は2の補数表現であ
+	  るとみなし, かつ仮想的に左側に無限に1が連続しているような演算結
+	  果を得る.
+
+	* Fixnum:<<,>> - 符合付シフトに変更.
+
+	* Bignum:>> - 負の整数のシフトに対応した.
+
+	* __END__, ^D, ^Zでスクリプトを終了できる.
+
+	* -xオプションを追加. #! ..rubyなる行まで読み飛ばす.
+
+	* -cオプションを追加. コンパイルのみを行う.
+
+Sat Jun 25 01:37:21 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* Fixnum:<< - 必要に応じてBignumに拡張して左シフトするように. よっ
+	  て, シフト幅が32を越えるとCやPerlとは違った値を返す.
+
+Fri Jun 24 10:01:28 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* ioctl()/fcntl() - システムコールを呼び出す前にバッファの大きさを
+	  調節するようにした.
+
+	* String:toupper/tolower - 文字列を置き換えたコピーを作るのではな
+	  く, 元の文字列の内容を変更するようにした.
+
+	* inplace editを実現した. perlと同じように`-i'オプションで指定する.
+	  もっとも, こちらはMS-DOSのこととか考えてないけど.
+
+	* デフォルトの出力先を追加した. 今までは$stdoutに代入するしか方法
+	  はなかった.
+
+Fri Jun 17 10:55:08 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* 環境変数にアクセスする方法としてgetenv()/setenv()以外に$ENVを用
+	  意した. $ENVは文字列-文字列の辞書であるかのように動作するEnvDict
+	  オブジェクトが代入されている(eachはassocを与える).
+
+	* nilに代入するとcore dumpした. コンパイル時のチェックを強化.
+
+	* Struct: struct_new()の引数をGCプロテクトする必要がある. せめてス
+	  タック領域だけでもスキャンできるようにしなければいけないんだろう
+	  か? でも, 移植性がなあ.
+
+Fri Jun 17 01:01:46 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* Time::asctime() - 日付のフォーマットで日が落ちていた.
+
+	* Stat: StatはEtcなどと同様にStructで実現したので, Statクラスは無
+	  くなった.
+
+Thu Jun 16 10:32:23 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* bignum.c: いくつかのバグを修正した. Fixnumを渡すべきところで普通
+	  のintを渡していた. 失敗.
+
+	* big2str() - 1桁ずつbaseで割る代わりに, 4桁ずつ割算を行なうように
+	  した. これで多倍長割算の回数が1/4になる. さらに整数->数(文字)へ
+	  の変換をテーブルを用いるようにした.
+
+	* rb_ivar_get_1() - すでに何らかのインスタンス変数を持つオブジェク
+	  トでは, 未定義のインスタンス変数の値が不定値になっていた.
+
+	* yylex() - インスタンス変数の認識に失敗していた. attr()は正しく動
+	  作していたので, 混用すると動作しなかった. 全部違っていたから動い
+	  ていたのね.
+
+	* Object:attr() - すでにアクセスメソッドが定義されている時にはデフォ
+	  ルトのアクセスメソッドを定義しないようにした. もっともアクセスメ
+	  ソッドと同名のメソッドの区別はRubyには存在しないけど, それは仕方
+	  がないよね.
+
+	* pack.c: エンディアンをautoconfで判定するようにしたので, v/Vが使
+	  えるようになった. またntoh?()/hton?()も自前で用意した.
+
+	* Stat: st_rdevをアクセスするメソッドを追加. さらにシステムがstat
+	  構造体にst_blksize, st_blockを持っているかをautoconfでチェックす
+	  るようにした.
+
+	* ドキュメントを少し整備した.
+
+	* INT2FIX()のうち, 31bit幅が保証できないものは, int2inum()に置き換
+	  えた.
+
+Wed Jun 15 10:18:27 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* sprintf() - bignumの出力の時, 出力幅を正しく計算するようにした.
+
+	* str2inum() - baseが0の時, baseを自動判定するように(0xで始まる時
+	  16 進, 0で始まる時8進).
+
+Tue Jun 14 16:08:42 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* gc.c: Bignum型を追加するのを忘れていた. 組み込み型を追加した時に
+	  は必ずmark()とsweep()にその型に関する処理を追加する必要がある.
+
+	* bignum: 割算も動いたような気がする. アルゴリズムを理解していない
+	  ので, 自信がない.
+
+Mon Jun 13 14:36:55 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* まだサポートしていないメソッドなどがあるが, 曲がりなりにもBignum
+	  が使えるようになる. これでioctlも使える.
+
+Fri Jun 10 17:26:42 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* Comparable: 基礎となるメソッドを`=='と`>'から`<=>'に変更した. 今
+	  後Comparableのサブクラスは`<=>'だけを再定義する必要がある.
+
+Wed Jun  8 13:12:18 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* Need_Fixnum()をほとんどなくして, NUM2INT()で直接intに変換するこ
+	  とにした. これで31bitに丸めて桁落ちをおこす問題がなくなる.
+
+Tue Jun  7 09:45:31 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* ruby.h: マクロFIXABLE(n)を追加. ついでにFIXNUM周りの定義を変更し
+	  て, 移植性を高めた(つもり).
+
+	* C++の予約語であるnewを削除した. しかし, もうひとつの予約語である
+	  classに関しては, 置き換える単語が思いつかないこともあってそのま
+	  まになっている.
+
+	* 31bitを越えそうなINT2FIX()を関数呼び出しに変えた. 将来bignumが導
+	  入された時には自動的にbignumを返すようにする.
+
+	* readline() - 引数の`-'は標準入力を意味するようになった.
+
+	* ruby.h: 右シフトが論理シフトか算術シフトかは処理系依存のようなの
+	  で, ruby.hでcppを使ってチェックするようにした. これでうまくいく
+	  と思うのだが, 手元に符合付intを論理シフトする処理系がないので確
+	  認できない. NEWS-OSのCCは確か右シフトはいつも論理シフトだったよ
+	  うな気がするんだけど….
+
+Mon Jun  6 10:10:22 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* FIX2INT()の定義を変更した. どうして昔はうまく動かなかったんだろ
+	  うか? もしかして, 右シフトの符号拡張は処理系依存?
+
+	* FIX2INT()とFIX2UINT()を使い分けるようにした. もっともfixnumは31
+	  ビットしかないので, 本質的な解決にはならないのだが(ioctlが組み込
+	  みたかった).
+
+	* printを関数的メソッドから通常メソッドに変更. 引数が与えられない
+	  時にはレシーバをプリントするようにした. これでprintをメッセージ
+	  形式でも実行できるようになった. 例:
+
+		ruby -e 'readlines().sort.print'
+
+	  上のスクリプトは, 引数として与えられた(あるいは標準入力から読み
+	  込まれた)文字列を各行毎にソートして表示する.
+
+	* eval.c: argc,argvパターンで引数を受けるメソッドに引数が一つも与
+	  えられない時, argvがnilになっていた(argv[0]にアクセスすると落ち
+	  てしまう).
+
+	* _exit()を追加. こちらは例外処理など行なわない.
+
+	* dbmクラス: クラス名称をDBM(大文字)に統一した.
+
+Sat Jun  4 00:51:04 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* ループ変数にも属性や配列要素を指定できるようにした.
+
+Fri Jun  3 09:49:48 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* 多重代入において, 属性代入, 配列要素への代入も行なえるようにした.
+
+	* Need_Fixnum(): nilを0に変換するように.
+
+	* Enumerable:min, max, index, includes - 追加. min, maxは要素が
+	  `<=>'メソッドを持つことを仮定している.
+
+	* Dict/Dbm:length - 要素数を返すメソッド.
+
+	* Dbmクラスにto_aメソッドを追加.
+
+	* Sunにおけるsortの誤動作の件, 昨日の修正でfixされた. しかし, それ
+	  でなぜ動かなかったのかは明らかではないが…. 比較関数がどんな値を
+	  返しても指定した領域外をアクセスするのはバグではないか.
+
+	* ファイルの全内容を読んで, 各行を配列として返すメソッドはpythonを
+	  参考にして`readlines'という名前にした. それにともないgetsに対し
+	  てreadlineという別名を用意した.
+
+Fri Jun  3 00:08:38 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* Array:sort - 判別関数の戻り値はFixnumではなく, Intであるべきだっ
+	  た. 間違い. Sunで動作がおかしかったのはこのせいかも知れない.
+
+Thu Jun  2 11:48:37 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* IO:read_all() - ストリームの最後まで入力して, 各行を要素とする配
+	  列を返すメソッドを追加. また関数メソッド read_all()も追加した.
+  	  これは引数のファイルから読み込んで各行を要素とする配列を返す. 意
+	  味的には
+
+		def read_all()
+	  	  ary = {}
+	  	  while gets()
+		    ary.push($_)
+		  end
+		end
+
+	  とほぼ等価である.
+
+	* String:atoiメソッドを削除. to_aメソッドからaが配列であるとの連想
+	  を呼んで, 混乱を招かないため. 代わりにto_iメソッドを使うこと.
+
+	* 配列への変換メソッドto_aを導入した. 通常のオブジェクトは自分自身
+	  を唯一の要素とする長さ1の配列を返す. 配列は自分自身を, 辞書はキー
+	  と値のペアの配列を返す. Enumeratedをincludeしたクラスは, eachが
+	  返す各要素を含む配列を返す.
+
+	* file.c: 不定個の引数を受けとるメソッド(chmod,chown,utimes)を書き
+	  換えて, 整理した. それに伴い, 最初に全ての引数の型チェックを行な
+	  うようにした. 型チェックに失敗すると処理を行なわずに例外を発生さ
+	  せる.
+
+	* configure.in: 不必要なテストを行なわないように修正した.
+
+Tue May 31 10:41:08 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* String:pack(): 2進数の文字列変換(B,b)で0と1が逆だった.
+
+	* Math.c: 実数系のメソッドに引数として整数が渡された時に自動的に変
+	  換するようにした.
+
+	* toupper(), tolower(): 文字列の判定ミスで変換されていなかった.
+
+	* getopt_long()の仕様によって, スクリプトへの引数がインタプリタの
+	  引数だと解釈されていた. 引数パターン文字列の先頭に`+'を追加.
+
+	* config.hを削除した. DEFINEはMakefileで与えられる.
+
+	* sprintf(): "%d"に文字列が与えられた時にはアドレスではなく内容を
+	  整数に変換するようにした. ついでに浮動小数点数も変換するように変
+	  更した.
+
+	* regexp.c: rubyの拡張正規表現(\d, \D, \s, \S)の処理で割り当てた領
+	  域を越えてバッファに書き込んでいた. 処理前にバッファをきちんと拡
+	  張するようにした. これで昨日問題にしていたメモリの問題は解決でき
+	  たと思う.
+
+	* yylex(): ダブルクォート文字列中でダブルクォートを表現するため
+	  のバックスラッシュ表現ができなかった.
+
+Mon May 30 10:07:42 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* 演算子`!'の右辺も条件式であるとした. これによって, この演算子を
+	  再定義する人は混乱するかも知れないが, 大多数のこの演算子を使う人
+	  は混乱を避けることができると思う.
+
+	* autoconfを使って, 自動的にMakefile, config.hを生成するようにした.
+	  これで, 多くのマシンでは`configure'を実行した後, `make'一発でコ
+	  ンパイルできると思う.
+
+	* clone: サブクラスに対して用いられた場合, 元のオブジェクトと同じ
+	  クラスのインスタンスを返すように(以前はビルトインクラスの場合を
+	  考えてなかった).
+
+	* ビルトインクラスのサブクラスも作れるように, リテラルのあるクラス
+	  にもnewメソッドを追加した.
+
+	* malloc()で落ちる. purifyが必要かも知れない.
+
+	* re.c: rb_global_variable()の呼びだし形式の間違い. 変数へのポイン
+	  タを渡さなければいけない.
+
+	* parse.y: ローカル変数の扱いに引数の評価順に依存する移植性のない
+	  部分があった.
+
+	* attr(): 属性設定のバグを直した. いつ内部仕様が変わったんだろう…?
+
+Sat May 28 23:08:18 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* 正規表現キャッシュの文字列一致判定をポインタ一致から内容一致に変
+	  更した. そういえば文字列リテラルは一回毎に新しくオブジェクトが生
+	  成されるのだった.
+
+Fri May 27 11:42:00 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* trから文字削除(delete), 文字圧縮(squeeze)を分離した. それにとも
+	  ないtrのオプション引数はなくなった.
+
+Thu May 26 10:32:55 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* スクリプト読み込みルーチンを書き直して, 通常ファイル以外のファイ
+	  ル名や空文字列がスクリプトとして与えられた場合に対応した. また,
+	  標準入力からスクリプトを読み込む時に, 一時ファイルが/tmpに残らな
+	  いようにした.
+
+	* Fixnum:id2name - IDから文字列に戻す関数. String:internの逆.
+
+	* Array: 配列の範囲外の要素をアクセスした時に例外を発生させずに,
+	  nilを返すようにした. 配列は自動的に拡張される.
+
+	* string:stripを追加.
+
+	* -nオプションが-eオプションを複数指定した時も動作するように.
+
+	* parse.yで<sys/types.h>もインクルードするようにした.
+
+	* fname周りの細かいbugを修正.
+
+Wed May 26 11:45:10 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* 定数をキャッシュするようにした. 繰り返しが多い場合には有効のはず
+	  だが, 一度しかアクセスしない場合は遅くなるなあ.
+
+Wed May 25 00:42:24 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* 多重代入文(foo, bar = 1, 2)の採用.
+
+	* 条件式部に文字列あるいは正規表現リテラルをおくと`=~'演算子によっ
+	  て`$_'と比較される. 更に`...'の両辺では整数リテラルが`$.'と比較
+	  される.
+
+Mon May 23 23:27:03 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* &式 形式はなくなった. 代わりにkernel:apply(id, args..)を導入.
+
+	* def op () ..形式の導入. opは再定義可能な演算子.
+
+	* constantの代入時チェック. 既に初期化されている定数に代入した場合
+	  は例外が発生する.
+
+	* 多重代入文.
+
+Thu May 19 22:57:07 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* 複合文でもvoid valueのチェックを行うようにした.
+
+	* untilの動作の修正(do..until型だった).
+
+Wed May 18 01:06:25 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* 移植に関する若干の問題を修正.
+
+	* 別名の構文を「def a b」にした.
+
+	* until/unless: 演算子から制御文へ. 例外を捕捉する機能はそのまま.
+
+	* 選択可能な機能をconfig.hからdefines.hに移動.
+
+Fri May 13 23:20:21 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* -yオプションを新設. -dオプションからコンパイラのデバッグ部分を分
+	  離した.
+
+Tue Apr 25 20:17:33 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* マルチバイト文字列を識別子に使えるように. 個人的には使いたくは無
+	  いけどなあ.
+
+	* `-v'フラグの状態を$verboseでアクセスできるように.
+
+	* CVSの導入に伴い, バージョン管理の方法を変更.
+
+	* 真面目にChangeLogをつける事にした.
+
+Tue Mar  8 10:09:25 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* %変数名 によるクラス定数を導入.
+
+	* undef メソッド によるメソッド定義の取り消しを導入.
+
+	* rb_get_method_bodyではthe_envを変更せず, rb_call()で明示的に変更
+	  するように. これでresponds_toなどで環境が破壊されない.
+
+Mon Mar  7 17:46:15 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* 「&文字列」形式. 「式.文字列」型のメッセージセンドはなくなった.
+
+	* 自己代入形式(+=. -=, ...)
+
+	* obj.attr = expr形式の採用.
+
+Thu Feb 24 16:23:28 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* toint, tofloat, print_stringをそれぞれto_i, to_f, to_sに変更.
+
+	* String:clone - Copy on Writeの実現.
+
+Tue Feb 22 11:11:44 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* re.c: マッチした文字列の保存に失敗していた.
+
+	* trap: 可能ならば処理に時間のかかるシステムコール(read, wait,
+	  sigpause, select)をフックして割り込み処理の即答性を高める(DOSな
+	  どでは無理だなあ).
+
+	* trap: 割り込みをその場で処理するか(迅速だが危険), 安全なタイミン
+	  グで処理するかを選択できるように.
+
+Tue Feb 17 11:11:12 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* trap: 割り込みハンドラ.
+
+Wed Feb 16 12:29:12 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* String:crypt: 暗号化ルーチン
+
+	* "::"演算子の追加. a::b は {a, b}と同義. a::b::c は {a, {b, c}}と
+	  同義(右結合). 同義とはいうものの, "::"演算子を使った方が少しだけ
+	  メモリ効率が良い.
+
+	* Dir.rmdir(), File.unlink(), File.utime() -- 各システムコールへの
+	  インタフェース.
+
+	* kill -- kill(2) I/F
+
+	* select(): readのチェックではstdioにバッファリングされているかど
+	  うかをチェックするように.
+
+Tue Feb 15 15:08:31 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* file.c: statをキャッシュするように.
+
+	* File:utime()を追加.
+
+	* unliteralize(): フラグを破壊していた.
+
+	* Bug(): coreを吐くように.
+
+	* String:tr -- tr(1)互換. 引数パターンがちょっと違うけど….
+
+Mon Feb 14 18:24:13 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* unless, untilが例外も偽と見なすように.
+
+	* select() -- select(2) I/F
+
+	* Array:pack, String:unpack: perlのpack/unpackの同等品
+
+Tue Feb  8 17:11:10 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* setenv()のないシステムのためにputenv()を使ったコードも用意した.
+
+Mon Feb  7 09:52:44 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* 引数の一番最後に`*'を置けるようにした. これでrest引数のリストを
+	  操作する必要が少なくなる.
+
+Fri Feb  4 18:23:26 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* ruby-mode.elを書き直す. ずいぶんましになったと思う.
+
+	* 文字列リテラルのCopy on Writeを実現. これで文字列がリテラルであ
+	  るからといっていちいちcloneしなくても済む.
+
+Tue Feb  1 09:21:09 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* sub(), gsub()で, マッチした文字列を$&, $1..$9でアクセスできるよ
+	  うにした. 同時にマッチした部分文字列をコピーしておくように(元の
+	  文字列が変更されても状態を保存するため).
+
+Mon Jan 31 15:16:58 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* プライベートメソッドの仕様を変更. 今までは同じクラスのメソッドか
+	  らしかアクセスできなかったが, サブクラスのメソッドからもアクセス
+	  できるようにした(C++におけるprotected メンバ関数).
+
+	* メソッドサーチのアルゴリズムを改善し, 10%程度の高速化を行なった.
+
+	* 高速化. Cで記述されたメソッドを呼び出す時にはsetjmpを呼ばないよ
+	  うにした. これでCメソッドを多用する場合には3倍程度高速になった.
+
+Fri Jan 28 15:44:04 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* sh-modeを元にruby-mode.elを作る. 演算子で終る, 2行に渡る文には対
+	  応していないけど….
+
+Thu Jan 27 11:35:19 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* freenode(): NODE_NILの解放忘れ.
+
+	* 字句解析部のバグ修正(コメントの後の状態を戻し忘れ).
+
+	* protect .. endのバグ修正. GC_LINKのネストが不正だった.
+
+	* joinのバグ修正(使っているオブジェクトをfreeしていた).
+
+	* splitのバグ修正(アルゴリズムがおかしかった).
+
+	* fork()を追加.
+
+Wed Jan 26 17:09:56 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* ファイルテストメソッドの追加.
+
+	* rb_autoexec(): クラスを初めてアクセスした時の挙動を制御できるよ
+	  うにした. これでautoloadも実現できる. これにともないメソッド
+	  unknownはなくなった.
+
+Tue Jan 25 15:51:36 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* Dbmクラス, Mathモジュールを作成.
+
+	* -Iオプションでサーチパスに追加できるように.
+
+	* サーチパスを変数$load_pathに設定できるように.
+
+	* load(): ダイナミックロードを使えるようにした.
+
+Tue Jan 18 14:14:01 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* Comparable:"<=>"
+
+	* Float,Fixnum:"**"
+
+	* Array:sort
+
+Fri Jan 14 16:53:37 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* version 0.07
+
+	* メソッドに関するドキュメントを充実させた.
+
+	* String:index(): 引数positionを増やした.
+
+Thu Jan 13 15:13:52 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* 未初期化の変数アクセスをなくした.
+
+	* 無駄なhash tableのアロケーションを削除.
+
+	* Purify'd(on Sun)
+
+	* ~RE と ~STRのコンパイル時展開の抑制.
+
+	* Sunへ移植. signal()の戻り値. RDataのbug修正.
+
+	* parse.y: nlsルールを削除.
+
+	* yylex(): 改行と符合の解析部分を変更.
+
+	* missing/strftime.c: 移植用.
+
+	* Time:strftime: その他のメソッドもstrftimeを利用するように.
+
+	* メソッド再定義時にメソッドキャッシュをクリアする.
+
+Fri Jan  7 15:23:20 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz at nws119)
+
+	* Float:coerce(): FixnumとFloat以外の引数を与えられるた時には例外
+	  を発生するように.
+
+	* Stat: stat構造体の全てのメンバに対するアクセスメソッドを用意.
+
+	* 未定義のクラス/モジュールへの参照がunknownメソッドを呼び出すよう
+	  にした.
+
+	* baseline - version 0.06.
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog-0.50_to_0.60 b/doc/ChangeLog-0.50_to_0.60
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f5b03ff40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog-0.50_to_0.60
@@ -0,0 +1,462 @@
+Thu Dec  8 00:32:21 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* io.c($<.file,$<.filename): きちんと初期化．
+
+	* parse.y(rb_class2name): includeしているクラス名を正常に表示でき
+	  なかった．
+
+Wed Dec  7 15:40:36 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* dln.c: config.hをincludeしていなかった．
+
+	* missing/strdup.c: 忘れていた．
+
+Fri Dec  2 15:21:44 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* 関数の命名ルールを変えた(クラスメソッド: Sxxx_xxx，ユーティリティ
+	  メソッドxxx_xxxなど)．
+
+	* re.c(casefold): 個々の正規表現オブジェクトが大文字小文字を無視す
+	  るかどうかを設定できるようにした．
+
+Thu Dec  1 01:44:51 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* missing.c: システムで提供されないファイルの扱いを変更した．
+
+	* io.c($<): 変数`$<'が指しているものを現在読み込み中のファイル名か
+	  ら仮想ファイル($ARGF)に変更した．また，現在読み込み中のファイル
+	  名とファイルオブジェクトにアクセスするメソッドも用意した．
+
+	* ruby.h(data_new): Dataオブジェクトの割り当て方法を改善した．
+
+Wed Nov 30 15:36:13 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* Makefile: ルールを整理した．
+
+Tue Nov 29 00:09:26 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* array.c(`|'): 引数が配列でなく，かつそのオブジェクトが要素として
+	  含まれていない時，そのオブジェクトを追加する．あればなにもしない．
+
+	* process.c(gid,egid): GIDをアクセスするメソッド．
+
+	* io.c(print): 文字列と配列に対する処理を組み込んで若干の高速化を
+	  図った．出力が多い場合に効いてくるようだ．
+
+	* parse.y(parse_string): ""で囲まれた文字列内では対応するエスケー
+	  プがない`\'を残さないように．つまり，今後は"\k" -> "k"である(以
+	  前は"\k"だった)．
+
+Mon Nov 28 18:02:31 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* re.c(re_regsub): 置換文字列の置換えが不完全だった．
+
+	* 一時オブジェクトの解放をすべてGCに任せた．今のままではまずいタイ
+	  ミングでオブジェクトを解放する可能性があった．昔のGCの時にはこれ
+	  でも良かったのだが．
+
+Tue Nov 22 00:15:24 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c($"): 既にロードしたファイル名の配列．
+
+Mon Nov 21 01:09:50 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* array.c(&,|): 集合としての積演算と和演算．
+
+	* io.c($<): 文字列を代入した時には自動的にopenするように．IOのサブ
+	  クラスかどうかのチェックも行う．
+
+Sun Nov 19 23:02:27 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c($:): $LOAD_PATHの別名．
+
+	* io.c($>): デフォルト出力先．IO.defaultは無くなった．
+
+	* io.c($<): $FILENAMEの別名
+
+	* glob.c(each): ワイルドカードにマッチするものがない場合，パターン
+	  そのものを与えるように．
+
+	* file.c(chmod,chown,unlink,utime): `\'でワイルドカードをエスケー
+	  プできるように．
+
+Fri Nov 18 00:20:42 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.55 released
+
+	* file.c(chmod,chown,unlink,utime): 引数として与えられた文字列にワ
+	  イルドカードが含まれている場合にはGlobオブジェクトに変換する.
+
+Wed Nov 16 17:33:48 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* file.c(chmod,chown,unlink,utime): 引数としてワイルドカードも受け
+	  付けるように. その場合はマッチするファイル全体に適用される.
+
+Fri Nov 11 00:07:28 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* string.c(strip): 文字列そのものを変更するように.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_cal): 環境をスタックに積むタイミングが間違っていたので，
+	  不適切なエラーメッセージが出る時があった．
+
+	* eval.c(rb_undefined): メソッドが無い時とメソッドにアクセスできな
+	  い時とでメッセージを替えた．
+
+	* string.c: toupper/tolowerはupcase/downcaseを使って実現．
+
+	* string.c: lcfirst/ucfirstは削除．
+
+Thu Nov 10 16:15:16 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* string.c: sub/gsubは置換後の文字列を返すようにした.
+
+	* string.c: toupper/tolower/lcfirstなどを文字列を変更するものとし
+	  ないものの2 種類を提供するようにした.
+
+Tue Nov  1 17:52:09 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: 変数展開にバグがあって元の文字列を破壊していた.
+
+Thu Oct 27 09:56:48 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: rest引数の処理が間違っていた.
+
+	* env.c(rb_yield): ローカル変数の設定が間違っていた.
+
+Wed Oct 26 19:01:43 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: 引数セットの高速化.
+
+	* process.c: sleepのバグ.
+
+	* parse.y, gnuglob.c: Sunのccでもコンパイルできるように.
+
+Tue Oct 25 00:36:16 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: 若干の高速化. スタックの処理によってrb_call()が少し遅く
+	  なった分の穴埋めくらいか.
+
+	* eval.c: blockをenvから外すなどしてスタックを軽くした.
+
+Mon Oct 24 11:47:54 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* re.c: 正規表現アクセス用の変数($`, $', $+)を追加.
+
+	* re.c($KANJI): 処理する漢字コードをrubyプログラム内から設定できる
+	  ようにした.
+
+Sat Oct 22 00:42:41 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c: イテレータ内のredoとretryの処理にバグがあった．
+
+Fri Oct 21 00:53:21 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* string.c(swapcase): 文字列の大文字小文字を置き換える.
+
+	* string.c(ljust,rjust,center): 文字列のレイアウト用メソッド.
+	  sprintf()でも同じようなことはできるが.
+
+	* socket.c(recv,recvfrom): flags引数を省略可能にした. 省略時の値は
+	  0である.
+
+	* socket.c(recvfrom): recvと同様だが, データと相手アドレスのペアを
+	  返す.
+
+	* socket.c(accept): 戻り値をつながったソケットから, ソケットとアド
+	  レスのペアに変更した.
+
+	* eval.c(eval): the_classをセットする時に, last_moduleがincludeさ
+	  れているモジュール(T_ICLASS)であれば, 定義元のモジュールの方をセッ
+	  トするように. この修正がないとICLASSに対してメソッドが呼ばれる可
+	  能性があり, 不審な動作をする(はず).
+
+	* class.c: オブジェクトのcloneの際に特異クラス(特異メソッド用のク
+	  ラス)をきちんとコピーするようにした. 今までは個々のメソッドのコ
+	  ピーを忘れていた.
+
+	* numeric.c: Numericのnewとcloneをundefした.
+
+Thu Oct 20 11:30:00 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.53 released.
+
+	* parse.y: TopLevelのdef文は関数メソッドを定義するようにした.
+
+	* parse.y: def文のprivate指定はなくなった. export/noexportメソッド
+	  を使ってもらうことにした.
+
+	* parse.y: case文にthenを含むことができるようになった.
+
+Wed Oct 19 13:09:58 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* object.c(export,unexport): 関数メソッドの設定用メソッド.
+
+	* eval.c, class.c: 関数的メソッドを復活させ(またか…), `@'による
+	  privateメソッドをなくした. やはり, 関数的なものは関数的に呼びた
+	  い気がしてきた. こう仕様が変動しててはいけないような気もするなあ.
+	   *BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY*
+
+	* eval.c: メソッドの構成を変更し, 別名管理と関数メソッドの管理を分
+	  離した.
+
+	* eval.c: the_env->last_funcをCメソッドの時にも更新する. これがな
+	  いとStructのアクセスが動作しない.
+
+Fri Oct 14 13:22:18 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.52 released: ……なんてこったい.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): returnの処理が間違っていたので, マシンによって
+	  はreturnで関数を終了するだけでなくtoplevelまでつき抜けていた.
+
+	* dbm.c: Dictと同様にeachが[key,value]を返すように.
+
+	* version 0.51 released
+
+Thu Oct 13 12:13:48 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(SETUP_ARGS): 付加引数が配列でない時には配列に変換する.
+
+	* parse.y: 括弧なしのメソッド呼び出しでも`*'による付加引数が使える
+	  ようにした. ただし, 通常引数が一つもない場合は乗算演算子と区別が
+	  つかないので, 必ず括弧が必要.
+
+Wed Oct 12 10:09:07 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): キャッシュの計算をinline化. キャッシュミスがあ
+	  れば関数呼び出しでメソッドを検索する. methods.cはなくなった.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_eval): ローカル変数用の領域をalloca()するように変更.
+	  サイズの変更が必要になれば改めてmalloc()するように.
+
+	* parse.y: error recoveryの際にlex_stateを更新しておくように.
+
+Tue Oct 11 17:10:46 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* socket.c(for_fd): ファイル記述子(Fixnum)からソケットインスタンス
+	  を得るメソッド. たとえばinetdから起動されたサーバで標準入出力に
+	  ソケット操作を行なうために使う. つまりSocket.for_fd($stdin)で標
+	  準入力に対応するソケットオブジェクトが得られる.
+
+	* io.c(to_i): IOクラスのインスタンスを整数に変換するとそのファイル
+	  記述子を返すように.
+
+	* numeric.c(num2int): to_iメソッドを使ってできる限り整数に変換する.
+	  以前はnum2fixだけが全てのオブジェクトに対してto_iメソッドを適用
+	  していた.
+
+	* sprintf.c(Fsprintf): 整数表示の際, オブジェクトをできる限り整数
+	  に変換するように(to_iメソッドを使う).
+
+Fri Oct  7 14:06:32 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(Fcaller): 必要性がよく分からないのでドキュメントから削除.
+	  将来デバッガを作る時に復活させよう.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): Cで記述されたメソッド呼び出しでは環境をスタック
+	  にセーブしないことによって高速化.
+
+Wed Oct  5 15:00:58 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* ruby.h: 一時env.hに移動してたQselfの定義を復活. ただし今回は関数
+	  として実現(env.hでは変数として再定義してある).
+
+	* ruby.h: TRUEでsyntax errorにならないよう#undefを追加.
+
+	* eval.c(rb_eval): thread化に挑戦したが, 失敗(速くならなかった).
+	  が, Scopingなどの無駄なコードの削除とメソッド呼び出しの引数セッ
+	  トのinline化で若干の高速化を実現した. 副作用として, argc, argv形
+	  式の関数呼び出しの仕様が変化した(argvにselfを含まなくなった).
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): メソッド呼び出しの高速化.
+
+Tue Oct  4 11:40:53 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* ruby-mode.el: 修飾子に対応した.
+
+	* parse.y: 多重代入にrestをつけた. この機能を使えばoptional引数の
+	  解析が簡単にできる(はず).
+
+	* pack.c(unpack): uuencode形式のdecodeの際に文字列の長さが間違って
+	  いた.
+
+Mon Oct  3 15:58:41 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* file.c(type): ファイルタイプを文字列で返すメソッド.
+
+Fri Sep 30 11:36:07 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* object.c: デフォルトの真の値である%TRUEの値を1(Fixnum)からtに変
+	  更した. to_sで文字列に変換した時にも`t'と表示される. 更に踏み込
+	  んで`t'を予約語にしてlispのようにしようかとも思ったが, そこまで
+	  は決心できなかった. 一文字のローカル変数はかなり使いそうな気がす
+	  るので….
+
+	* array.c,dict.c: equalを再定義しているクラスで, hashを正しく定義
+	  した.
+
+Wed Sep 28 23:30:28 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c(Ffail): 今までfailはカーネルクラスのメソッドであったが,
+	  構文に組み込んだ. この変更によって, 1)`fail'は予約語となり, ロー
+	  カル変数に用いることができなくなった. 2)`fail'単体で例外を発生す
+	  るようになった. 3)failはメソッドではなくなったので再定義される可
+	  能性がなくなった.
+
+	* dic.c, dbm.c(indexes): Arrayのindexesと同様の機能を持つメソッド
+	  を追加.
+
+	* array.c(indexes): 引数をインデックスとする要素の配列を返す. 整数
+	  の配列を引数とする時には引数の要素をインデックスとする要素の配列
+	  を返す.
+
+Mon Sep 19 13:42:31 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* array.c(aset): 部分配列に対する代入で配列以外のオブジェクトが指
+	  定された場合に多重代入と同じルールで配列化するようにした.
+
+	* io.c(print): 引数として与えられた各オブジェクトにprint_onメッセー
+	  ジを与えるように. 実行速度は落ちるが柔軟性は増す.
+
+Fri Sep 16 14:59:18 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* glob.c: ワイルドカードの導入. bashに使われているGNUのglobルーチ
+	  ンを流用した.
+
+Mon Sep 12 18:36:58 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(value_expr): 式がnilの時に対応.
+
+	* class.c: ICLASSのclassが必ずClass/Moduleを指すように.
+
+Tue Sep  6 16:23:28 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* re.c:	正規表現内で「\数字」形式が指定できるように.
+
+	* parse.y:「do expr using var ... end」形式はなくなった. 寂しい気
+	  もする. *BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY*
+
+Mon Sep  5 10:59:01 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* numeric.c(next): Numericクラスにもnextを提供.
+
+	* string.c(upto): uptoを提供.
+
+	* range.c(each): nextを使ったインタフェースからuptoを使うように変
+	  更した. この方が一つのメソッドで処理をまとめで行なうことができる.
+
+Fri Sep  2 15:25:39 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* dict.c(each): 戻り値を[key, value]のペアに変更. 今までのeachは
+	  each_valueとして残る. *BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY*
+
+Thu Sep  1 10:49:04 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* 成功した(特別な戻り値を持たない)システムコールは`0'を返すように.
+
+Wed Aug 31 00:26:51 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* string.c: チェックサムを得るメソッド`sum'を作った.
+
+	* class.c(include_class_new): ICLASSのclassをもとのクラスにした.
+	  gcの際に元クラスをマークする必要があるのが, フィールドを増やす余
+	  地が無いので, classフィールドを流用した. 私の見積りが間違ってい
+	  て, ICLASSのインスタンスにメッセージを送る事があれば, おかしな動
+	  作をするだろう.
+
+	* eval.c(masign): 式(a,b = nil)の値を[nil]からnilに変更した.
+
+Mon Aug 29 11:56:09 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* class.c: rb_define_mfuncを無くして, メタクラスにモジュールをイン
+	  クルードするようにした.
+
+	* error.c(yyerror): 同じ行で複数のsyntax errorをリポートしないよう
+	  にした.
+
+	* file.c: FileTestモジュールにファイルテストメソッドを分離した.
+
+	* parse.y: 演算子を指定する時のlex_stateを正しく設定した.
+
+Sat Aug 27 01:23:34 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* parse.y: if/whileなどの複合式をprimaryに移動した. これによって例
+	  えば「if cond then a else b end.message()」のような式が書けるよ
+	  うになった.
+
+Fri Aug 26 10:46:30 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* spec: 整理された文法にしたがって書き直した.
+
+	* parse.y: ここ数日で混乱していた文法を整理した. 括弧を省略したメ
+	  ソッド呼び出しができるようになったこと, modifierが付けられるよう
+	  になったこと, returnにリストが渡せるようになったことが主な変更点
+	  である.
+
+	* process周りが怪しいがとにかくSolaris 2.3で動くように.
+
+	* parse.y: 曖昧性がない場合にはメソッド呼び出しの引数の括弧を省略
+	  できるように. 省略できるメソッド呼び出しの条件は, 1)かならず1個
+	  以上の引数を必要とすること, 2)第1引数が`+', `-', `(', `[', `{',
+	  `/'など, 式の始まりに置かれた時と途中に現れた時とで解釈が違う記
+	  号で始まらないこと, である.
+
+Thu Aug 25 13:54:58 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(cond): 条件式の展開部にbugがあった.
+
+Wed Aug 24 00:01:15 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* parse.y: returnはコンマで区切ったリストも受け取るように. つまり,
+	  return a, b, cはreturn [a, b, c]と同じ意味になる.
+
+	* parse.y: yield以外の大域脱出制御式をexprからexpr0に移した. よっ
+	  てメソッドの引数に制御式を使えなくなる(これで困る人はいないはず).
+
+	* parse.y: `+'の定数展開の際に演算子の優先順位を忘れていた.
+
+	* eval.c: untilの戻り値はnilになった.
+
+	* parse.y: modifierとしてのif/unless/while/untilを追加.
+
+	* parse.y: 文法からendの後ろにつけるキーワードを削除. ほとんど使わ
+	  なかった上に, emacsではruby-modeがあれば対応のチェックが機械的に
+	  出来るため.
+
+Tue Aug 23 18:08:33 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: スクリプト実行開始前に例外が発生した時にcore dumpした.
+	  組み込み用にコードを変更した時にenbugしてしまった.
+
+Tue Aug 23 00:07:17 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c: doの戻り値がいつもnilになっていた.
+
+	* parse.y: loop制御変数の多重代入化にbugがあった.
+
+	* parse.y(expand_op): 文字列も畳み込みの対象に.
+
+Mon Aug 22 10:50:01 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(expand_op): `+'に関しては結合則を使って, より多く定数畳
+	  み込みを行なうように.
+
+	* ruby.c(proc_options): argcが0の時にも対応.
+
+	* parse.y: forなどの制御変数に多重代入も使えるように.
+
+Sat Aug 20 00:59:40 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* parse.y(call_op): 演算子`~'の取り扱いをルール部へ移動.
+
+Fri Aug 19 11:44:13 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* main.c: rubyをほかのプログラムに組み込めるようにmain()を分割した.
+	  それにともない, プログラムの呼び出し構造を修正した.
+
+	* parse.y: 条件式の定義を変更. ifなどの条件式の中でだけ`&&'や`||'
+	  および`!'の引数が条件式になるように. この変更により条件式以外の
+	  場所での `&&', `||', `!'演算子の動作が直観に一致する.
+
+	* parse.y: 実引数の`*'の後に続く引数はexprに制限した. 今までは全て
+	  の文が有効
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog-0.60_to_1.1 b/doc/ChangeLog-0.60_to_1.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd5f140dc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog-0.60_to_1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,3955 @@
+Tue Aug 12 16:02:18 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
+
+	* variable.c: option variables: $-0, $-p(readonly), $-v,
+	  $-I(load_path), $-a(readonly), $-K, $-d, $-F, $-i, $-l.
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): ignore rd (ruby document) in the code.
+
+Mon Aug 11 12:37:58 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
+
+	* re.c (Init_Regexp): $-K as alias to the $KCODE.
+
+	* io.c (Init_IO): new virtual variable $-i for the value of -i
+ 	  option.
+
+	* enum.c (Init_Enumerable): include? as alias of member?
+
+Fri Aug  8 11:16:50 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (io_foreach): now the record separator can be specified.
+
+	* io.c (io_s_readlines): new method to read in whole file (or
+ 	  command output) from path.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (Init_socket): recvfrom did not work.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_send): forgot to check nil for false
+	  value.
+
+Thu Aug  7 11:40:01 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
+
+	* variable.c (mod_constants): lists constants defiend in the
+	  modules/classes.
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_set): no longer warns about constant
+	  overriding by subclasses.
+
+	* eval.c (mod_eval): does eval() on module's context. local
+	  variables are shared with outer scope.
+
+	* object.c (Init_Object): remove private_attr/public_attr.
+
+Wed Aug  6 14:21:36 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (mod_attr): forgot to check nil for false value.
+
+Mon Aug  4 11:50:28 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (class_s_new): need not to specify names to create
+	  classes (or modules) dynamically.
+
+	* variable.c (rb_class_path): scan class constants for anonymous
+	  classes/modules to make up pathes.
+
+Wed Jul 30 08:45:12 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): stop to cache const value in nodes.
+
+Sat Jul 26 03:17:22 1997  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_to_s): wrong .0 at end.
+
+Sat Jul 26 00:36:36 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (error_print): always print exception type in the
+ 	  toplevel exception handler.
+
+	* string.c (str_hash): wrong hash value.
+
+Thu Jul 24 11:05:51 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (uscore_get): proper error message for unset $_.
+
+Wed Jul 23 09:56:55 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (obj_methods): returns list of method names of the
+	  specified object.
+
+	* class.c (mod_instance_methods): returns list of method names of
+	  the class instnace.
+
+Fri Jul 11 22:38:55 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (class_superclass): returns class's superclass
+ 	  itself. (1.1)
+
+	* object.c (obj_type): returns object's class itself. (1.1)
+
+	* class.c (mod_included_modules): list included modules.
+
+	* object.c (class_superclass): raises error for Object.
+
+Thu Jul  3 09:54:02 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (SETUP_ARGS): save source position, remove nd_line().
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): replace modulo by bit-masking.
+
+	* eval.c (POP_SCOPE): force recycle scope object to reduce gc rate.
+
+	* gc.c (obj_free): aboid calling run_final() when no finalizer is set.
+
+	* eval.c (PUSH_VARS): do not allocate the dynamic scope's end-mark
+	  object.
+
+Wed Jul  2 14:25:07 1997  KIMURA Koichi  <kkimura@pure.cpdc.canon.co.jp>
+
+	* Native mswin32 support.
+
+Tue Jul  1 09:59:00 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970701
+
+	* parse.y (mrhs): allow rest-star(*) in right hand side.
+
+Tue Jun 24 19:04:31 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970624
+
+Sat Jun 20 22:22:51 1997  Michio "Karl" Jinbo  <karl@marcer.nagaokaut.ac.jp>
+
+	* eval.c: freebsd 3.0 <sys/select.h> support.
+
+Fri Jun 20 01:24:45 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970620
+
+	* gc.c: eliminate uninitilalized field of Hash, Array etc., to
+	  avoid dumping core.
+
+Thu Jun 19 01:29:44 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970619
+
+	* string.c (str_split_method): wrong limit.
+
+Sat Jun 14 01:54:16 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* class.c (rb_singleton_class): no singleton for special
+	  constants (now raises exception).
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_init): cbase in TOPLEVEL_BINDING need to be
+	  initialized.
+
+Sat Jun 14 01:01:16 1997  maeda shugo  <shugo@po.aianet.ne.jp>
+
+	* array.c (sort_2): wrong comparison.
+
+Sat Jun 14 00:53:44 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* hash.c (hash_foreach): safe iteration.
+
+Fri Jun 13 14:04:56 1997  Michio "Karl" Jinbo  <karl@marcer.nagaokaut.ac.jp>
+
+	* configure.in: -Bshareable option for netbsd.
+
+Fri Jun 13 01:16:22 1997  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (pipe_open): call io_unbuffered() only for writable pipes.
+
+Thu Jun 12 01:14:15 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970612
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_new): use io_unbuffered().
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (w_long): compact long format, which
+	  supports 64 bit architectures (unless longs are >32 bit size).
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c: allows recursive data for marshaling.
+
+	* parse.y (rb_intern): raise exception for non-internable string.
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (marshal_load): allows direct loading from
+ 	  strings.
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (marshal_dump): allows direct dump to strings.
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (marshal_dump): interface changed.
+
+Wed Jun 11 18:26:00 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_newobj): remove needless memset().
+
+Mon Jun  9 13:03:43 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): reduce condition checks from while/until loop.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): wrong jump point for `next'.
+
+Fri Jun  6 11:47:39 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_set_argv): initialize dln_argv0 for dln_a_out.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (open_unix): display path name for exceptions.
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): option -S did not work well.
+
+Fri May 30 02:14:44 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970530
+
+	* eval.c (eval): set $! properly if exception raised in eval().
+
+	* io.c (io_write): now handles non T_FILE object.
+
+	* io.c (io_defset): $< can be anything which has `write' method.
+
+Thu May 29 15:40:22 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (eval): $@ is always an array (not string).
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): avoid corrupting memory for unexpected
+	  input strings.
+
+Wed May 28 12:46:13 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970528
+
+	* process.c (rb_waitpid): do not block other threads.
+
+Tue May 27 12:02:31 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_init): split initialize and processing command line
+	  options.
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_options): ruby_init(0, 0, envp) dumps core.
+
+Tue May 20 18:59:45 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_ivar_set): invalid instance variable access for
+	  built-in object raises TypeError.
+
+Fri May 16 17:32:21 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970516
+
+	* dir.c (push_globs): was freeing non heap pointer.
+
+	* gc.c: remove some duplicated prototypes.
+
+	* ext/kconv/kconv.c: fix prototypes.
+
+Fri May  9 11:38:59 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970509
+
+	* gc.c (obj_free): avoid free(NULL).
+
+	* eval.c (rb_check_safe_str): argument missing for TypeError().
+
+Thu May  8 01:14:28 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (file_s_dirname): need to return "." for path without
+	  slashes.
+
+Wed May  7 19:18:48 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* process.c (f_fork): child processe does not inherit parent's
+ 	  itimer setting on linux.  call setitimer() again in the child
+	  process.
+
+Sat May  3 02:49:43 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/curses/curses.c: modified for portability and add to the
+ 	  standard distribution.
+
+Wed Apr 30 00:34:00 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (file_s_size): returns 0 for empty files (not FALSE).
+
+Fri Apr 25 02:17:50 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970425
+
+	* eval.c (f_load): free unused name-table.
+
+	* eval.c (f_load): copy local variable name-table.
+
+	* gc.c (obj_free): avoid free(NULL).
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): forgot to make link from the scope object to
+	  NODE_SCOPE.  It may crash the interpreter.
+
+Thu Apr 24 00:35:09 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* random.c (f_srand): save old seed anyway.  srand() returns no
+ 	  value on some systems.
+
+	* gc.c (obj_free): avoid double free of the local variable name
+	  table.
+
+	* parse.y (top_local_setup): modify realloc to handle offset.
+
+Tue Apr 22 12:58:26 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970422
+
+Thu Apr 17 00:40:51 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* configure.in (rb_cv_bsdpgrp): proper check for BSD
+	  setpgrp/setpgrp.
+
+Wed Apr 16 16:14:02 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (proc_call): proc called in other thread must be orphan.
+
+Tue Apr 15 10:46:31 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970415
+
+	* gc.c (obj_free): NODE_SCOPE marked from SCOPE object.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark): some nodes marked wrong.
+
+	* process.c (proc_getpgrp): wrong argument
+
+Fri Apr 14 18:32:42 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970414
+
+Fri Apr 12 01:20:12 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.h: String pointer changed to unsigned char.
+
+Fri Apr 11 10:27:29 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970411
+
+	* Makefile.in: create libruby.a before linking ruby.
+
+	* string.c (str_strip_bang): >0x80 characters for isspace().
+
+	* eval.c (proc_call): set safe-level temporally
+
+	* eval.c (proc_s_new): save safe-level in the proc context.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): no class/module extension in safe mode.
+
+Thu Apr 10 02:10:41 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark): remove some pointer checks for speeding up.
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_options): set $0 temporally for -r option.
+
+	* eval.c: built-in security feature.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_sweep): do not free nodes during compile.
+
+	* parse.y (yycompile): set flag when compiling.
+
+Wed Apr  9 10:19:02 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.c: forgot to include <ctype.h> for isspace().
+
+	* file.c: provide S_ISREG for some platforms.
+
+	* io.c (Init_IO): added some $< operations.
+
+	* lib/ping.rb: check host upness using TCP echo.
+
+Tue Apr  8 00:10:15 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (arg_read): bug with 0 length input.
+
+Mon Apr  7 11:36:16 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/fcntl/fcntl.c: module for fcntl constants.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_alias): bug when original was an alias.
+
+	* parse.y (primary): syntax to access singleton class.
+
+	* eval.c (mod_public_method): method's to specify visibitily of
+	  the class methods.  make_method_{public,private} removed.
+
+Fri Apr  4 21:43:57 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970404
+
+	* gc.c (obj_free): finalizer added for experiment.
+
+Thu Apr  3 02:12:31 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_schedule): make Fatal rise on main_thread on
+	  deadlocks.
+
+	* eval.c (thread_join): raise ThreadError instead of Fatal, in
+	  case of deadlock.
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_fastmap): uninitialized local variable.
+
+	* parse.y (parse_regx): new option //[nes] to specify character
+	  code for regexp literals.  Last specified code option is valid.
+
+	* re.c (reg_s_new): additional 3rd argument to specify compiled
+ 	  regexp's character code.
+
+	* re.c (reg_new_1): regexp character code can be specified for
+	  each regexp object.
+
+Wed Apr  2 14:51:06 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): handle uncaught throw.
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): halt on some deadlock conditions.
+
+	* regex.c (is_in_list): wrong result for non-mbc higher-byte
+	  characters.
+
+	* regex.c (re_match): wrong skip for multi-byte characters.
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_fastmap): wrong fastmap in non-mbc mode.
+
+	* hash.c (Init_Hash): hash compatible features added to ENV.
+
+Tue Apr  1 15:24:06 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (obj_extend): remove Object#extend as an iterator which
+ 	  is in experimental state, since it unveils internal singleton
+ 	  classes.
+
+Mon Mar 31 14:29:39 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970331
+
+Sun Mar 30 19:40:57 1997  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (terms): avoided win32 gcc's optimization bug.
+
+Sat Mar 29 11:21:58 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* struct.c (make_struct): St[val,..] creates new structure.
+
+Fri Mar 28 11:24:51 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (obj_make_private): new method make_method_{public,private}
+	  to change visibility of singleton methods.
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_pattern): enables numeric literal >= 0x80 in
+	  the character class.
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_pattern): enabled numeric literal >= 0x80,
+	  in multibyte mode.
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_fastmap): modified exantn and charset(_not)
+	  to set fastmap for higher bytes properly.
+
+	* regex.c (is_in_list): now matches numeric literals.
+
+Thu Mar 27 13:34:20 1997  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): extra null byte after unpacked string.
+
+Wed Mar 26 15:20:34 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_pattern): register numbers must be fit in a
+ 	  byte (0 <= regnum <= 0xff).
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_fastmap): forgot to set mbchar map for
+ 	  charset_not if RE_MBCTYPE is on.
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_pattern): set list bits for multi-byte
+	  characters for \W, \S, \D in range expression.
+
+	* object.c (obj_is_kind_of): defined that nil itself is kind of
+ 	  nil.  TRUE is kind of TRUE, FALSE is kind of FALSE likewise.
+  	  This change makes `obj.kind_of?(eval(obj.type))' always true.
+
+Tue Mar 25 14:08:43 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/English.rb: provides nicer English alias for the variables.
+
+	* parse.y (expr): alias $var1 $var2 makes alias of the global
+	  variable.
+
+Mon Mar 24 18:23:20 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970324
+
+Thu Mar 20 22:04:59 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (mod_modfunc): forget to clear method cache.
+
+Wed Mar 19 17:06:55 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (program): set methods' default private/public status
+	  correctly under eval().
+
+	* eval.c (eval): set the_class correctly while evaluating string.
+
+Tue Mar 18 12:23:53 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (eval): yield can be called from eval().
+
+	* version 1.0-970318
+
+	* parse.y (program): regexp in condition expression should do
+	  matching operation with $_.
+
+	* re.c (reg_regsub): wrong substitution.
+
+Fri Mar 14 14:36:28 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* hash.c (hash_invert): returns value to key mapping of the
+	  associative array.
+
+	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: set environment variable SOCKS_SERVER to
+	  compile with libsocks.a.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (socks_s_open): SOCKSsocket class to access
+	  internet via SOCKS library.
+
+	* sprintf.c (f_sprintf): unsigned formats display leading double
+ 	  dots for imaginary sequence of signed bit to the left.
+
+	* sprintf.c (f_sprintf): correct width and precision formatting
+	  for big integers.
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): enables negative hex/octal numbers and `_' in
+	  non-decimal numbers.
+
+	* sprintf.c (f_sprintf): %u added for unsigned decimal format.
+
+Thu Mar 13 10:24:27 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sprintf.c (f_sprintf): wrong output for bignums.
+
+	* array.c (ary_reverse_each): iterates in reverse order.
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): L unpacked signed long.
+
+	* io.c (f_backquote): now returns an empty string for no output.
+
+Wed Mar 12 10:20:30 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/socks/socks.c: socket module with socks library.
+
+Mon Mar 10 20:44:22 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* re.c (reg_regsub): \& for substitution.  \`, \', and \+ are
+	  avaiable also.
+
+Thu Mar  6 01:47:03 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970306
+
+	* sample/rubydb.el (gud): ruby debugger emacs interface
+
+	* lib/debug.rb: ruby debugger
+
+	* parse.y (exprs): more accurate line number display.
+
+Wed Mar  5 21:31:46 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970305
+
+Tue Mar  4 12:28:32 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): search through RUBYPATH and PATH for
+	  option -S.
+
+Mon Mar  3 22:44:55 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_status): returns nil for exception terminated
+	  threads.
+
+	* eval.c (thread_value): re-raise exceptions.
+
+Sat Mar  1 00:59:47 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): restore $! value after rescue clause, to
+	  re-raise exceptions correctly.
+
+Fri Feb 28 16:43:38 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970228
+
+Thu Feb 27 11:23:41 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_yield_0): redo raises exception
+
+	* eval.c (thread_schedule): bug in interrupt handling by rescue.
+
+Wed Feb 26 00:55:36 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (eval): forgot to restore dynamic local variable
+	  bindings.
+
+Tue Feb 25 11:22:08 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/aix_ld.rb: AIX dynamic load support (not tested).
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): wrong return value for defined? super.
+
+	* error.c (exception): more error check.
+
+	* re.c (reg_regsub): wrong substitution when sub expanded to null
+ 	  string.
+
+Fri Feb 21 13:01:47 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970221
+
+	* eval.c (f_require): volatile added.  register variable was
+ 	  recycled, so that GC did not mark that variable.
+
+	* object.c (Init_Object): forget to mark main object (was mostly
+	  ok, but made trouble with early GC.)
+
+Thu Feb 20 11:50:50 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970220
+
+Thu Feb 20 11:25:50 1997  Yasuo OHBA  <jammy@shljapan.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/date.rb: update
+
+Thu Feb 20 08:25:57 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): forgot tokfix() before rb_intern().
+
+	* lib/tk.rb (TkVariable): give up using trace_var.
+
+Wed Feb 19 00:24:35 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970219
+
+	* pack.c (pack_pack): packed by null for A specifier. must be
+	  space filled.
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): bug in skipping spaces
+
+	* gc.c (xmalloc): garbage collect for every 4 Meg. allocation.
+
+	* string.c (str_split_method): limit worked wrong way.
+
+	* io.c (io_gets_method): misunderstand 0xff in binary files when
+	  $/ == nil.
+
+	* re.c (reg_regsub): re-implement.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (thread_connect): remove O_NONBLOCK, which
+	  is not defined on some platform like NeXT.
+
+Mon Feb 17 13:08:30 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970217
+
+	* object.c (mod_eqq): === extended for subclass check (to use case
+	  as typecase).
+
+Sat Feb 15 02:07:22 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_pattern): wrong match backref at end of pattern.
+
+	* io.c (arg_read): now works beyond end of file.
+
+Thu Feb 13 16:21:24 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (expr): return/yield now accept normal argument format.
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): a star in `yield *x' must not be multiplication
+	  operator.
+
+Wed Feb 12 15:06:44 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* time.c (time_plus): bug in simple addition.
+
+	* eval.c (thread_raise): raise exceptions from outside.
+
+	* eval.c (Init_Thread): Thread#alive? -- alias for Thread#status.
+
+Mon Feb 10 00:38:55 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.h (Data_Make_Struct): rename macros.
+
+Sun Feb  8 11:48:13 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (f_syscall): argument offset was wrong.
+
+Fri Feb  7 18:01:17 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970207
+
+	* eval.c: add volatiles to avoid variable crobbering by longjmp().
+
+	* eval.c (f_raise): 1st argument can be the GlobalExit object now.
+
+	* array.c (ary_unshift): no longer accept more than 2 args.
+
+	* eval.c (f_raise): bug if 2nd argument is the exception.
+
+Tue Feb  4 00:37:29 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970204
+
+	* eval.c (eval): check compile errors by nerrs.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): check syntax error by nerrs, not by the return
+ 	  value, which may be NULL.
+
+	* eval.c (compile): Do not clear errinfo.
+
+Mon Feb  3 10:13:06 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (obj_extend): move real inclusion to Module#extend_object
+	  to allow redfinition.
+
+	* object.c (Init_Object): Kernel class is now Module. Object class
+	  became the true root class.
+
+	* object.c (obj_inspect): remove useless buffer.
+
+	* hash.c (any_cmp): disable interrupts and context switching.
+
+	* st.c: remove ALLOW_INTS to disable interrupt during operations.
+
+Fri Jan 31 22:10:08 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* hash.c (hash_rehash): re-register all key-value.
+
+Thu Jan 30 02:14:49 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (io_reopen): re-implement according to clone() way.
+
+	* io.c (io_clone): copy IO object.
+
+	* struct.c (struct_eql): compare elements by eql?.
+
+	* io.c (io_mode_flags): detect "rb", "wb" etc.
+
+	* io.h (FMODE_BINMODE): added.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (Init_socket): undef BasicSocket.new
+
+	* file.c (Init_File): File.new(path[,mode])
+
+	* io.c (Init_IO): IO.new(fd[,mode])
+
+	* eval.c (rb_method_boundp): forgot to enable priv argument.
+
+	* object.c (Init_Object): remove `=~' from Kernel class.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (open_inet): initialize sockaddr before
+	  calling bind(2).
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): skip comment lines
+
+Wed Jan 29 18:43:22 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (Init_Thread): DEFER_INTS during initializing threads.
+
+	* hash.c (Init_Hash): Hash#eql? checks for object identity.
+
+	* eval.c (thread_set_critical): wrong value assigned.
+
+Mon Jan 27 16:10:51 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (io_print): remove print_on().
+
+	* eval.c (f_missing): proper error message for undefined method
+	  without argument
+
+Sat Jan 25 23:32:32 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_sub_s): false alert - sub() does not modify string.
+
+	* array.c (ary_times): negative multiplication detected
+
+	* string.c (str_times): negative multiplication detected
+
+Fri Jan 24 10:51:39 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* time.c (time_arg): month -> 0 == "jan" == "1" == "01", little bit
+	  confusing but wanted to conform japanese style.
+
+	* version 1.0-970124
+
+Fri Jan 24 09:52:49 1997  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* util.c (_fixpath): supports SJIS filenames on DJGPP.
+
+Thu Jan 23 16:52:06 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* README.EXT: update. partially translated into English.
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in: inherit $LDFLAGS to the final link.
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (Init_socket): add various constants.
+
+Mon Jan 23 11:40:59 1997  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (Init_Thread): allocate main_thread first to avoid crash.
+
+Thu Jan 23 02:09:26 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* gc.c (ObjectSpace): API modified. each_object method will do all
+ 	  the iteration.
+
+	* eval.c (proc_call): wrong return from nested lambda.
+
+	* ext/GD/GD.c: debugged.
+
+Wed Jan 22 16:12:25 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970122
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark): forgot to mark match->str.
+
+	* ext/GD/GD.c: GD interface module.
+
+	* eval.c (PUSH_BLOCK): wrong value pushed as the block level.
+
+Mon Jan 20 14:01:31 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_run): no context switch in the critical section.
+
+Mon Jan 20 09:40:59 1997  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* utils.c: supports 8+3 filenames
+
+Sat Jan 18 01:23:03 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970118
+
+	* regex.c (PATFETCH): need cast to unsigned char.
+
+	* io.c (io_ctl): bug in case when arg is not a string.
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: forgot that Kernel#type returns the class name now.
+
+	* regex.c (re_search): "abc\n" =~ "^$" should not match.
+
+Fri Jan 17 12:31:37 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970117
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_options): constant PLATFORM, which is in the {cpu}-{os}
+	  form, defined.
+
+	* configure.in: platform information embedded in the interpreter.
+
+	* regex.c (re_search): /^$/ did not match to "" by wrong exit condition.
+
+	* lib/thread.rb: re-write Mutex/Queue based on Thread.critical.
+
+	* eval.c (thread_set_critical): remove Thread.exclusive, add
+	  Thread.critical = TRUE/FALSE instead.
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): re-compile pattern if needed
+
+	* regex.c (PATFETCH): do translate at compile time
+
+Thu Jan 16 00:49:10 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_frame): forgot to mark frame->cbase.
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_pattern): /a$|b)/ causes error.
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_pattern): /(^|b)/ causes error.
+
+	* version 1.0-970116
+
+	* re.c (Init_Regexp): set RE_CONTEXTUAL_INVALID_OPS flag.
+
+Tue Jan 14 02:09:06 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (proc_call): Proc#callをイテレータとして呼んだ時に対応
+
+	* configure.in: nextstep対応？
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): a[b]=cで無駄な配列を割り当てない
+
+	* eval.c (f_send): イテレータとして呼ばれたらイテレータとしてメソッ
+	  ドを呼ぶ．
+
+	* string.c (str_new4): match共有用の生成関数
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): matchの実体(文字列)をマッチを行った文字列と
+	  copy-on-writeで共有
+
+	* string.c (str_hash): toupperをかける条件が違っていた
+
+	* array.c (sort_2): FixnumとStringを特別扱いして高速化
+
+Mon Jan 13 11:03:53 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): threadが生成されるまで割込みを設定しない
+
+	* eval.c (Init_Thread): 割込みタイミングを100msecに
+
+Sat Jan 11 00:17:05 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* regex.c (re_search): マッチに失敗する場合があった(本当に直ったか？)
+
+	* io.c (io_ioctl,io_fcntl): 第2引数を省略可能に
+
+	* io.c (io_ioctl,io_fcntl): 戻り値がIOだった．整数(システムコール
+	  の戻り値)を返すようにした．
+
+	* io.c (io_ctl): 引数が整数の時に対応
+
+	* io.c (io_fcntl): file.cから移動
+
+Fri Jan 10 17:01:47 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-970110
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (thread_connect): open(connect(2))で他の
+	  threadをブロックしないように
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): exitでないときにexitだと思い込む
+
+Mon Jan  6 17:42:22 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_sub_s): 文字列長より長いoffsetの検出
+
+	* regex.c (re_search): 空にマッチするパターン後の$で失敗
+
+Thu Jan  2 16:36:23 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (file_reopen): Fileのreopen(pathまたはIOで指定)．
+
+	* io.c (io_reopen): IOのreopen(IOで指定) -- change classつき
+
+Wed Jan  1 11:09:01 1997  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (f_select): timeoutでnilを返す
+
+Fri Dec 27 13:06:44 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (file_s_open): サブクラスではそのクラスのインスタンスを返
+	  すように．
+
+Fri Dec 27 08:58:27 1996  <ono@isl.nara.sharp.co.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_to_s): index()を使わない．strstr()に．
+
+Thu Dec 26 01:34:17 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: placeが使えるように
+
+	* pack.c (endian): マクロDYNAMIC_ENDIANを指定すると実行時にendian
+	  を判定するように．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_alloc): 初期化忘れのメンバがあった．
+
+Wed Dec 25 00:33:19 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 1.0-961225
+
+	* io.c (Init_IO): newを無効化
+
+	* lib/tkthcore.rb: tk_call "global $foo; set foo 5"などもできるように
+
+	* eval.c (thread_restore_context): $~, $_でスタックを壊していた
+
+	* process.c (rb_waitpid): threadに一応対応
+
+Tue Dec 24 15:20:58 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.4-961224
+
+	* configure.in: charがunsignedかどうかもチェック
+
+	* regex.c (SIGN_EXTEND_CHAR): __CHAR_UNSIGNED__にも対応
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): 明示的にsigned charを指定．
+
+Mon Dec 23 14:41:23 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.c (load_file): 標準入力からのスクリプトで一時ファイルを使わ
+	  ないように
+
+	* object.c (f_integer): `0x', `0'などでbaseを解釈するように．
+
+Fri Dec 20 01:44:39 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* Makefile.in (flock.o): flockに対応
+
+Thu Dec 19 20:13:32 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.4-961219
+
+Wed Dec 18 00:06:48 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* glob.c (glob_filename): strrchrがマクロの場合に対応
+
+	* configure.in: <sys/select.h>をチェック
+
+	* ext/kconv/kconv.c: 1.62ベースに
+
+	* ext/kconv/kconv.c: Kconvモジュール
+
+	* string.c (str_substr): lenが元の文字列より長い時に対応
+
+	* parse.y (iterator): 「$bar do .. end」などは許さないように
+
+	* parse.y (iterator): FID(foo!,foo?)をdo形式のイテレータにできる．
+
+	* missing/flock.c (flock): lockf()を使って代替
+
+	* file.c (file_flock): flockを実装
+
+Tue Dec 17 12:13:38 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.4-961217
+
+Fri Dec 13 02:05:03 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* configure.in: RUBYLIBのカレントを後回し(@mix/awk offline)
+
+	* dln.c: AIXに対応した？(@mix/awk offline)
+
+	* eval.c (thread_schedule): critical sectionでも明示的なコンテキス
+	  トスイッチは起きないとまずい
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): matchに失敗した時に$~をnilに．
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): 毎回matchを生成するように
+
+Thu Dec 12 17:03:30 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_to_s): 2.0.to_s -> 2.0に
+
+	* eval.c (thread_save_context): $_, $~をthread毎に保存
+
+	* eval.c (thread_kill): main threadではexit(0)
+
+	* string.c (str_split_method): 間違った結果を返していた
+
+Thu Dec 12 15:32:48 1996  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* dir.c: CYGWIN32対応
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c: CYGWIN32対応
+
+	* io.c: CYGWIN32対応
+
+Thu Dec 12 14:43:51 1996  Jun Kuroda  <j_kuro@pluto.ai.kutech.ac.jp>
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: wish4.2も探索候補に含める
+
+	* config.guess: JCC対応
+
+Thu Dec 12 00:41:17 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.4-961212
+
+	* parse.y (parse_string): """..."""はやはり無くすことにした
+
+	* parse.y (parse_regx): %r|...|でterminatorを \ でエスケープできる
+	  ように
+
+	* signal.c (posix_signal): sigactionを使うsignal
+
+	* configure.in: posix signal/bsd signalの検出
+
+Wed Dec 11 17:47:35 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_schedule): critical sectionではコンテキストスイッ
+	  チが起きないように
+
+	* lib/thread.rb: SharedMutexクラス
+
+	* lib/jcode.rb: String#scanを使うように
+
+Tue Dec 10 12:21:28 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961210
+
+	* string.c (str_split_method): 正規表現に()を含む時にバグ
+
+	* lib/jcode.rb: ちょっとましになった
+
+	* string.c (tr_setup_table): 置換文字が短すぎる(2文字)のときのバグ
+
+Mon Dec  9 11:38:04 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_scan): 文字列のマッチを行う．イテレータとしても動
+	  作する
+
+	* regex.c (re_copy_registers): allocatedが初期化されていなかった
+
+	* re.c (match_to_s): $~の文字列化
+
+	* re.c (match_to_a): $~を配列化できるように
+
+	* re.c (match_getter): レジスタが初期化されていなかった
+
+Thu Dec  5 11:06:10 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_split_method): マッチしなかった括弧は空文字列を
+	  pushするべきではない
+
+	* string.c (str_succ): アルファベットを含まない文字に対応
+
+Wed Dec  4 10:48:09 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961204
+
+	* io.c (io_binmode): DJGPPでのbinmode対応
+
+	* sprintf.c (f_sprintf): intの範囲の数値は直接sprintfで変換する
+
+	* sprintf.c (f_sprintf): "%02s"に頼らない
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): indexでSEGV
+
+Tue Dec  3 10:09:36 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961203
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (install): INSTALL_DATAからINSTALLに変更
+
+	* dln.c: hpux対応
+
+	* string.c (str_aset_method): 負の値を含む範囲でも例外を起こさない
+
+	* array.c (ary_replace): 負の値を含む範囲でも例外を起こさない
+
+	* array.c (beg_len): beg==endの時，長さ0に
+
+Mon Dec  2 14:07:12 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* configure.in: HP shl対応
+
+	* string.c (str_upto): beg > endの時無限ループに落ちるのを止めた
+
+	* range.c (range_each): String#uptoが再定義された場合に対応
+
+	* string.c (str_split_method): "ABC".split(/(B)/)が誤動作
+
+Sat Nov 30 01:43:52 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): undefでSEGV
+
+Fri Nov 29 12:17:59 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-region): %Q#..#などに対応．しか
+	  し，区切り文字が演算子で行末にある場合には対応できなかった．
+
+	* re.c (reg_raise): 例外でもスラッシュをエスケープ
+
+	* re.c (reg_inspect): スラッシュをエスケープ
+
+	* parse.y (parse_string): `%[QqXxRr](.)..\1'なる文字列形式(テスト
+	  採用)
+
+	* parse.y (parse_qstring): '''...'''の形式
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c (Init_dbm): 述語key?,value?の追加
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c (Init_dbm): includes->include?
+
+	* hash.c (Init_Hash): 述語key?,value?,include?の追加
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): unlessでelse節が実行されない(うーん)
+
+	* string.c (str_sub_iter_s): イテレータブロック内でマッチが行われ
+	  ると位置がずれる(時に無限ループに落ちる)
+
+	* string.c (str_resize): lenが0の時sizeの調整が行われなかった
+
+Thu Nov 28 00:59:54 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961128
+
+	* parse.y (parse_string): 3-quote styleの文字列(例:"""abc"d"e""")
+
+	* configure.in (EXTSTATIC): extを静的にリンクする時にはrubyはdllを
+	  使うように
+
+	* io.c (Init_IO): getsの引数が間違っていた
+
+	* string.c (str_each_line): RSを明示的に指定できるように
+
+Wed Nov 27 12:37:46 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961127
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): iver defined? でselfを指定するのを忘れた
+
+	* io.c: gets等でRSを明示的に指定できるように
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (install): static linkに失敗
+
+Tue Nov 26 10:33:04 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961126
+
+	* string.c (str_sub_s): 置換後の文字列長さが間違っていた
+
+Mon Nov 25 09:11:22 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_rshift): 32以上の右シフトで0を返すように(Cの
+	  rshiftは(x>>(y%32))を返していた)．
+
+	* string.c (str_gsub): 置換が行われない場合があった
+
+	* string.c (str_resize): 本当に必要な時だけrealloc
+
+Thu Nov 21 04:13:21 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* configure.in (EXTSTATIC): --with-static-linked-extで全てのモジュー
+	  ルを静的リンクするように
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): 行末の改行がない時にもチェックサムをスキッ
+	  プするように
+
+Wed Nov 20 21:42:51 1996  Yasuo OHBA  <jammy@shljapan.co.jp>
+
+	* configure.in: freebsd対応
+
+Wed Nov 20 10:24:24 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (install): 通常リンク用のLDFLAGSとダイナミックリ
+	  ンク用のDLDFALGSを分離
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (install): コンパイルの成功したものを静的リンク
+	  のリストに追加する
+
+	* eval.c (f_missing): オブジェクトの文字列表現が長すぎる時バッファ
+	  を書き潰していた
+
+	* process.c (proc_exec_v): forkした後例外を発生させてはいけない
+
+Tue Nov 19 13:28:15 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961119
+
+	* eval.c (mod_method_defined): Module#method_defined? の追加
+
+	* parse.y (call_args): 引数が唯一のコマンドコールである時のバグ(戻
+	  り値が展開されてしまう)
+
+Mon Nov 18 13:28:18 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_sub): 失敗した時にnilを返していた
+
+	* string.c (str_split_method): 検索開始位置が移動してなかった
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_s_getservbyaname): まだ間違っていた
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961118
+
+	* string.c (str_sub_s): 元の文字列を置換するのを止めた
+
+	* pack.c (encodes): 領域外をアクセスしていた
+
+Fri Nov 15 17:10:35 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* bignum.c (big_divmod): Bignumが引数の場合の対応忘れ
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-expr-beg): word?形式への対応が不完全
+
+Wed Nov 13 15:42:40 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_tr_s_bang): tr_sでtrが行われていなかった
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): autoloadクラスのチェック
+
+	* string.c (f_sub): subがsub!と同じ動作になっていた
+
+	* eval.c (thread_sleep): stopとsleepの分離
+
+Mon Nov 11 13:53:19 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961111
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_step): to, stepが整数以外の場合に対応
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): dynamic varがdynamic scopingになっていた(これ
+	  はまずい)
+
+	* string.c (str_chop_bang): 長さ0の文字列のchopで，領域外のアクセ
+	  スが発生していた．
+
+	* parse.y (yyerror): 割り当てた領域外をアクセスしていた
+
+Fri Nov  8 11:54:46 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_yield): scopeをheapにコピー
+
+Thu Nov  7 09:56:53 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (num_coerce): とりあえず両辺をFloatに変換することに
+
+Wed Nov  6 10:45:13 1996  Yasuo OHBA  <jammy@shljapan.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/parsearg.rb: 第2引数を変更．
+
+Tue Nov  5 14:21:09 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961105
+
+Sat Nov  2 01:11:40 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* bignum.c (big_pow): typo (dy -> dx)
+
+	* bignum.c (big_divmod): 知らない型はfloatに変換してみる
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_lshift): 境界条件のバグ(負になっていた)
+
+	* bignum.c (big_pow): 無駄なfloatへの変換をなくした
+
+	* math.c (math_atan2): typo(x -> y)
+
+Fri Nov  1 15:30:59 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_gethostname): gethostnameがない時には
+	  unameを使ってホスト名を得る
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_getlogin): getloginがNULLを返しても環境変数を
+	  調べるように
+
+	* object.c (krn_clone): オブジェクトのフラグもコピー
+
+	* hash.c (rb_cmp): ハッシュの比較を`=='でなく`eql?'に変更
+
+	* math.c (Need_Float): Float()を使って変換する
+
+	* compar.c (cmp_gt): 以前の右辺を返す仕様の名残が残っていた
+
+Thu Oct 31 12:55:51 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961031
+
+	* numeric.c (Init_Numeric): typo
+
+	* eval.c (error_print): 長すぎるtrace backを途中省略する
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_pattern): 全角のrangeに対応
+
+Wed Oct 30 03:03:18 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.3-961030
+
+	* io.c (f_ungetc): 関数を追加
+
+	* eval.c (dyna_var_asgn): return値忘れ
+
+Tue Oct 29 10:05:28 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (f_split): 関数splitを追加
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): ネストした外側のクラス/モジュールの定数を参照
+	  できるように
+
+Mon Oct 28 09:51:03 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_sub): offsetが文字の末尾にある時のチェック
+
+	* regex.c (re_match): 割り当てるレジスタの数が1多かった
+
+	* io.c (io_gets): $/ = ""の動作をperlに合わせる(awkとはちょっと違
+	  うらしい)
+
+	* io.c (io_gets): $/ = nilの時少し高速化
+
+	* string.c (str_split_method): 括弧がnullにマッチした時にも無視し
+	  ないように
+
+	* string.c (str_split_method): 括弧にマッチした分はlimitの数に含め
+	  ないように．
+
+	* numeric.c (num_coerce_bin): coerceの定義を変更，2要素の配列
+	  [x,y]を返すように
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): "do |aa|"の対応を改
+	  善した．
+
+Sat Oct 26 01:43:51 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (w_object): ビルトインクラスのサブクラスを
+	  正しく復旧できるように
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (w_object): ユーザ定義dumpの優先
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_coerce): Float()を使って定義
+
+	* numeric.c (Init_Numeric): Numericのnewのundefはまずい
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (w_symbol): シンボルの内容(文字列)は一度し
+	  かファイルに書き出さない．
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-region): if/while修飾子に対応し
+	  なくなっていた
+
+	* bignum.c (Init_Bignum): Bignum.newを除く
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): 引数評価後にファイル名と行番号を再設定
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_div): typo
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-region): def /, def `に対応
+
+Fri Oct 25 09:26:29 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): "do |aa|"に対応
+
+	* array.c (ary_aset): indexがfixnumの場合ちょっと高速化
+
+	* eval.c (thread_fd_writable): 書き込み前のselectチェック
+
+	* array.c (ary_assoc): 無限ループに落ちた
+
+	* eval.c (thread_wait_for): selectがエラー終了した時，linux以外で
+	  の動作が正しくなかった．
+
+Thu Oct 24 08:26:48 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (backtrace): `$@'を文字列から配列に変更した．
+
+	* eval.c (eval): eval中の例外発生位置を保存する
+
+	* bignum.c (bigsub): オペランドの大小比較の失敗
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): 直接参照がない時にも`$~'がセットされるように
+
+Wed Oct 23 10:40:10 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-961023
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (r_bytes): mallocをやめ，allocaを使う
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): 括弧の対応を変更．
+	  ()内ではインデントをレベルを合わせるように
+
+Tue Oct 22 12:59:11 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* hash.c (hash_s_new): sizeを指定できるように
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (w_object): dumpする深さ制限を指定できるよ
+	  うに
+
+	* array.c (ary_s_new): sizeを指定した時の初期化忘れ
+
+	* object.c (f_float): big2dblの宣言忘れ．
+
+	* bignum.c (bigsub): 大きさの近いBignum同士の演算で結果が負になる
+	  場合に間違いがあった．
+
+	* array.c (ary_aset): 置換先と置換元が同じ長さの時内容を
+	  shift(memmove)しないように．
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (marshal_dump): ファイルフォーマットにバー
+	  ジョンを埋め込むように
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (tmpnam): linux-aout-dln用に定義
+
+Mon Oct 21 08:40:20 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_s_gethostbyname): hostent構造体の情報
+	  を返す
+	  (sock_s_gethostbyaddr): IPアドレスからhostent構造体を得る
+	  (sock_s_getservbyaname): getservbyname(3)
+
+Fri Oct 18 10:37:36 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-indent-to): 移動先カラムが負になるバグ
+
+	* eval.c (compile): evalで元ソースの行番号でエラーを表示する
+
+Thu Oct 17 09:52:28 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (eval): evalで文法エラーがあった時にSEGV
+
+	* lib/safe.rb: Restricted.evalの中だけ制限を加える．
+
+	* eval.c (error_print): バックトレースの出力．callerで例外発生位置
+	  を調整した時に問題が出る(そんなことをしなければ良いのだが…)
+
+	* eval.c (make_backtrace): バックトレースの生成
+
+Wed Oct 16 12:56:22 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby-man-0.99.2-jp/index.html: 日本語版ドキュメントの完成(長かった…)
+
+	* re.c (reg_regcomp): $=がnilの時の処理
+
+	* string.c (f_chop): $_に対するchop
+
+Tue Oct 15 11:04:23 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-961015
+
+Mon Oct 14 18:22:38 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_schedule): BOW対応．selectが-1を返した時にバグ(実
+	  はdo .. whileがcontinueで先頭にジャンプすると思い込んでいた．条
+	  件の直前だったのね ^^);;;;;
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-mode-syntax-table): ?のsyntaxが"/"では
+	  まずいらしい
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash): name conflict
+
+Fri Oct 11 00:23:05 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-961011
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (w_object): 結局動いていなかった循環オブジェ
+	  クト対応を外した．
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash): Fixnumと文字列の高速化
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (w_object): 無駄なデータの削除(フォーマッ
+	  トの非互換性)
+
+	* io.c (io_readline): 戻り値の不備
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (marshal_dumps): MSDOS対応
+
+	* ruby.c (load_file): MSDOS対応
+
+Wed Oct  9 17:46:27 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (install): 無駄なコピーを避ける
+
+	* string.c (str_sub_method): マッチがなかった時のString#subの値が
+	  違っていた．
+
+	* eval.c (obj_extend): extendした時にobject_extendedを呼ぶように
+
+Tue Oct  8 00:55:38 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_alloc): 割当の平均化
+
+	* eval.c (thread_schedule): joinのバグを修正
+
+	* eval.c (thread_wait_for): selectへの割込みなどに対応
+
+	* eval.c (thread_select): linuxのselectの挙動に対応(timeoutが変化
+	  する)
+
+Mon Oct  7 09:47:19 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-961007
+
+	* eval.c (PUSH_BLOCK): the_classの保存を忘れていた．
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c (fdbm_store): sizeの保存する場所が間違っていた
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (s_accept): thread対応していなかった
+
+Sat Oct  5 01:32:27 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (io_readchar): EOFで例外を発生させる
+
+Fri Oct  4 11:59:54 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (w_object): HashとObjectの復旧に必要なハッ
+	  シュテーブルが渡されていなかった．
+
+	* variable.c (rb_path2class): ユーザ定義クラスの復旧に失敗していた
+
+	* variable.c (rb_path2class): クラスが存在しない時のエラーをFatal
+	  からNameErrorへ．
+
+	* range.c (range_s_new): first,lastが両方Numericの時エラーになって
+	  いた．
+
+	* range.c: start->first, end->last
+
+Wed Oct  2 02:02:46 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c: DJGPPでchmod,chownを使えるように(ってDOSにchownがあるのか?)
+
+	* class.c (rb_singleton_class): ビルトインクラスもextendしたり特異
+	  メソッドを追加したりできるように
+
+	* variable.c (rb_set_class_path): ユーザ定義のトップレベルクラスに
+	  pathを設定しない
+
+	* eval.c (eval): 例外がRuntimeErrorに化けていた
+
+	* eval.c (eval): eval中の例外の表現の改善
+
+	* eval.c (eval): eval_with_bindingとの一本化
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): クラス/モジュール定義の中から定義中のクラス/モ
+	  ジュールが参照できるように
+
+Tue Oct  1 01:40:09 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-961001
+
+	* parse.y: cur_crefが2度宣言されていた
+
+	* signal.c (trap): SIGSEGV，SIGBUSのない機種に対応
+
+	* io.c (Init_IO): 引数タイプの指定間違い
+
+Mon Sep 30 15:28:00 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-960930
+
+	* config.guess,config.sub: $host_osが正しく設定されない
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): yieldで正しくないselfが設定されていた
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_run): toplevelの例外処理のバグ
+
+Mon Sep 30 09:13:26 1996  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* djgpp対応
+
+Sat Sep 28 02:45:10 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-960928
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-beginning-of-block): ブロックの先頭に
+	  移動(正しくインデントしていないと動作しない)
+	  (ruby-end-of-block): 同上
+
+	* eval.c (class_s_new): Class#newがイテレータとして呼ばれた時は
+	  initializeもイテレータとして呼ばれるように
+
+	* signal.c (sigsegv): SEGVでbacktraceを表示するように
+
+Fri Sep 27 09:51:07 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-960927
+
+	* eval.c (error_print): 引数のないraiseでメッセージが正しく表示さ
+	  れるように．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_longjmp): mesgがnilの時RuntimeErrorを生成する．
+
+	* eval.c (f_raise): 引数がない時に対応
+
+	* eval.c (thread_mark): stack上にないデータのアドレス変換を行って
+	  いた．
+
+	* eval.c (Init_Thread): 割込みの間隔が1秒と長すぎた．
+
+Thu Sep 26 16:02:45 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_schedule): 一度ペンディングになるとフラグがクリア
+	  されていなかった．
+
+	* process.c (rb_proc_exec): system/execの引数が空文字列であった場
+	  合，例外を発生すべきだった．
+
+	* config.sub/config.guess: 新しいものに置き換え
+
+Thu Sep 26 15:41:35 1996  WATANABE Hirofumi  <watanabe@ase.ptg.sony.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (next_argv): -i.bakをBOWとDOSに対応．
+
+Thu Sep 26 01:31:43 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (io_sysread): EOFで例外
+
+	* io.c (f_readline): EOFで例外を発生するように．getsは互換性のため
+	  nilを返すままにする
+
+	* eval.c (proc_call): lambdaからのreturnでIN_BLOCKフラグが立ったま
+	  まだった
+
+	* eval.c (PUSH_BLOCK2): threadに対応するためBlockを一度stackにコピー
+
+Wed Sep 25 11:54:11 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (method_call): Const::method()形式を使えるようにしてみた．
+	  引数括弧は省略できない．
+
+	* sample/test.rb: Process.killの存在を確かめてからテストを行う
+
+	* eval.c (eval_with_binding): 第2引数としてbinding(またはlambda)を
+	  与えるとその環境でevalを実行するようにした
+
+	* eval.c (f_binding): 現在のbindingを返す関数
+
+	* eval.c: block構造体にthe_classを保存するメンバを追加
+
+	* process.c (Init_process): kill,wait,waitpidをProcessに移動
+
+Tue Sep 24 02:44:43 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el: いろいろ問題が多いので以前の高速化は破棄．
+	  別のアプローチを使った．
+
+	* lib/tk.rb (Tk.pack): 複数のウィンドウを受け付けるpack
+
+Sat Sep 21 11:08:09 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (exprs): 空文も受け付けるように文法を変更．今までは改行
+	  の連続だけが許されていた．
+
+Fri Sep 20 11:39:18 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* Failの大半を名前つき例外に変更．
+
+	* re.c (Init_Regexp): 名前つき例外を導入．
+
+	* eval.c (f_missing): Objectはinspectしない．
+
+	* object.c (inspect_i): Object#inspectでloopに対応．
+
+	* regex.c (re_search): /^$/が""にマッチしなかった．
+
+Thu Sep 19 19:25:12 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* regex.c (re_search): /^$/が非空行にマッチしていた．
+
+Tue Sep 17 10:28:11 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-960917
+
+Mon Sep 16 10:47:56 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): 演算子継続の場合の
+	  文字列の判定のバグ
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): elseなどの次の行の
+	  インデント計算を正しく．
+
+Sat Sep 14 08:37:19 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.2-960914
+
+Fri Sep 13 08:06:03 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (tcpaddr): port番号にntohsをつけ忘れ
+
+	* dln.c (link_undef): テーブルの種類が間違っていた．
+
+	* bignum.c (bigadd): 引き算が発生する時に計算違いが起きていた．
+
+	* parse.y (iter_do_block): do..endでもdynamic variableを．
+
+	* bignum.c (big_pow): より正確な計算を(整数同士ではfloatに変換しな
+	  い)．
+
+Thu Sep 12 13:11:55 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_set_class_path): Stringクラスが初期化される前に
+	  Stringを作っていた．組込みクラスにはpathはいらない
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): 0.1が0になっていた
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): 行番号の不整合
+
+	* gc.c (oblist_live_obj): 今「生きている」全部のオブジェクトを返す
+	  イテレータ．そのクラス(またはサブクラス)の全部のインスタンスを返
+	  すeach_object_ofも定義した．
+
+	* class.c (rb_define_class_id): 無駄なクラスを割り当てていた．結果
+	  として未初期化のクラスオブジェクトが存在していた．
+
+Wed Sep 11 00:56:23 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): octalの定数の検出をより正確に(090はエラーとか)．
+
+	* bignum.c (big_minus): yがxより大きい場合にエラー．
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): エラー行番号の表示をより正確に
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-expr-beg): 変数名が1文字の時誤動作して
+	  いた．
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): ?/でループに落ちい
+	  たバグを修正．
+
+	* enum.c (enum_min,enum_max): sortのようにイテレータとしても動作す
+	  るように．
+
+	* enum.c (enum_find_all): typo
+
+Tue Sep 10 12:07:12 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* node.h (nd_line): NODEのlineをflagsに押し込めてオブジェクトサイ
+	  ズを小さくした．制限:32bit intのマシンの場合，ファイルの行数が
+	  32767を越えると正常に表示されない．
+
+	* st.c: hashとcompareの関数メンバを構造体にパック，クラス的な使い
+	  方を行う．1 tableあたり4 byteの節約．
+
+Mon Sep  9 16:35:54 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (file_truncate): 提供されない時には特別な例外を発生するよ
+	  うに．
+
+	* eval.c (Init_Proc): 不適切な位置のlocal-jumpを例外に．
+
+Sat Sep  7 17:06:15 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (proc_call): まだスコープがスタック上にある時には局所脱出
+	  を有効にする．これで，procを生成してcallすることは，スコープを脱
+	  出しない限り，yieldと同じ意味を持つことになる．
+
+Fri Sep  6 13:30:59 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-indent-to): インデントが変わらない時に
+	  はバッファを変更しない．
+	  (ruby-calculate-indent): まず文字列の内部か判断してから，前の行
+	  からパーズを行う．defunが大きくなった時の高速化．
+	  (ruby-in-string-p): 文字列の内部かどうかを判断する関数(以前の
+	  parseから分離)
+	  (ruby-parse-region): 文字列に対する処理をはずす．
+	  (ruby-beginning-of-block): ブロックの先頭に
+	  (ruby-end-of-block): ブロックの末尾に(遅い…)
+
+Thu Sep  5 14:23:07 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (file_s_split): [dirname,basename]にsplitする．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): evalの中でも定数の値が正しくなるように．これで
+	  定数に関しては静的なスコープが保証されるようになった．
+
+	* st.c (rehash): ハッシュ拡大の系数を2から1.79に．割算がより良い値
+	  を返すように．
+
+Thu Sep  5 00:32:07 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (class_superclass) クラスのスーパークラスを返すメソッド．
+
+Wed Sep  4 16:54:56 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* random.c (f_rand): Bignumやlongの範囲を越えるFloatに対する乱数も
+	  発生できるように．
+
+	* struct.c (struct_alloc): Fatalではなく例外を発生させるように(通
+	  常の使用で発生しうる)．
+
+	* struct.c (struct_s_members): Structの特異メソッドではなく，生成
+	  されたStructクラスの特異メソッドにした．
+
+	* st.c (st_init_table): ruby専用にパラメタを固定にした(サイ
+	  ズが減った)
+
+Mon Sep  2 11:37:59 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* array.c (ary_shift): capaがあまりにも大きい時には領域をREALLOC
+	(ary_pop): 同上
+
+	* string.c (str_inspect): multibyte character 対応にミス．
+	(str_inspect): unsigned charにしないと符号展開されてしまう
+
+	* parse.y (primary): `::'をprimaryに移動 Foo::Bar.Bazがエラーにな
+	  らないように．
+
+	* parse.y (primary): オペレータ形式の特異メソッドが定義できない
+
+	* random.c (f_rand): maxが0の時に対応
+
+	* io.c (io_printf): 関数を定義していたがインタプリタに登録していな
+	  かった．
+
+	* file.c (file_s_basename): 第2引数が無い時にエラー．
+
+Thu Aug 29 10:49:40 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (expr): イテレータの新形式に「method do .. end」形式を採
+	  用した．もちろん昔の形式も有効．
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): endの数の方が多い場
+	  合にもエラーを起こさないように．
+
+Wed Aug 28 09:41:36 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (upto,downto,step,times): 対象がfixnumの範囲を越えても
+	  動作するように．
+
+Mon Aug 26 10:04:37 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* missing/setenv.c (envix): typo(missing `== 0' for memcmp)
+
+	* dir.c (dir_foreach): foreach(dir open -> read loop -> closeまで)
+
+	* io.c (io_foreach): foreach(file open -> read loop -> closeまで)
+
+	* Fatalのうち捕捉可能ないくつかを例外に．
+
+Sat Aug 24 23:56:37 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* bignum.c (bigdivmod): FIX2INT -> INT2FIX 大間違い
+
+Fri Aug 23 18:13:03 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* regex.c (re_free_registers): allocateしていない時には当然 free
+	  してはいけない．
+
+Thu Aug 22 01:20:35 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): 外側から強制終了させられたthreadは
+	  cleanupする必要が無い．
+
+Wed Aug 21 09:57:28 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): threadを終了させた大域脱出の情報を
+	  main_threadに渡すように．
+
+	* parse.y (call_args): 最終引数に括弧を省略したメソッド呼出しを置
+	  けるように(例: print foo bar, baz == print(foo(bar,baz)))
+
+Tue Aug 20 13:37:16 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (masign): 多重代入とrest引数の動作を合わせて空の配列を代
+	  入するように．
+
+	* parse.y (arg): defined?の強度をもうちょっと強く
+
+	* eval.c (error_print): -wで例外名も表示するように
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): 新構文に対応
+	(handle_rescue): 捕捉する例外を kind_of? で同定
+
+	* parse.y (primary): rescueの構文を変更(同定引数の追加，複数rescue)
+
+	* Fail()のかなりを適当な例外を使うように
+
+	* eval.c (thread_interrupt): Interrupt(今はnon-local jump)は
+	  main-threadに送られるように．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_longjmp): $! の内容を文字列から例外クラスに変更
+	(rb_raise): rb_fail から名称変更
+	(rb_interrupt): 例外化
+	(rb_exit): 例外化
+
+	* error.c (Init_Exception): 例外クラスの新設(文字列のサブクラス)
+
+Mon Aug 19 19:40:52 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* signal.c (trap): 古いハンドラを返すように．
+
+Wed Aug 14 00:07:18 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_trap_eval): ハンドラのためにthreadをforkすることを止
+	  めた．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_mark): thread毎の $!, $@ をマークし忘れ
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c (fdbm_delete): イテレータとして呼ばれた場合，要素
+	  が無ければブロックを評価する．
+
+	* hash.c (hash_delete): イテレータとして呼ばれた場合，要素が無けれ
+	  ばブロックを評価する．
+
+	* array.c (ary_delete): イテレータとして呼ばれた場合，要素が無けれ
+	  ばブロックを評価する．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_interrupt): SIGINTのデフォルトをexitから特別な大域脱
+	  出に．やはり割り込まれた位置の表示が無いのは寂しいので．
+
+Tue Aug 13 01:34:00 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_exit): sub-thread内でのexitもstatusを保存するように
+	(thread_create): 自thread内のexitに対応
+
+	* signal.c (sighandle): SIGINTのデフォルトハンドラはexitするように
+	  (以前は例外を発生していた)．
+
+	* 例外の一部をFatalに．
+
+	* string.c (str_aset): 文字列の置換の対象が部分文字列でなかった時，
+	  例外を発生させないように
+
+	* eval.c (proc_call): Procの中からbreak/nextは通し，他のものは通さ
+	  ないように
+
+Mon Aug 12 14:15:09 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (krn_type): 文字列を返す
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): sub-thread内でのexitに対応
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_type): 文字列を返す
+
+	* io.c (f_p): デバッグ用データ表示メソッド
+
+	* eval.c (f_missing): nil/TRUE/FALSEを特別扱い
+
+	* string.c (str_inspect): 長い文字列を短縮表示．inspectの働きを
+	  human readable stringの生成に統一(re-generatable string は正式に
+	  無くなった)．
+
+Sat Aug 10 16:54:21 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (Init_Object): kernel/nil/false/trueのクラス名を変更(小
+	  文字に)，rubyスクリプトからアクセスできないように．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): CONSTANTのアクセス先を単純化．crefを使わない．
+
+	* eval.c (f_eval): 特異メソッド内でも定数の値が正しくなるように
+
+Fri Aug  9 12:23:17 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* array.c (ary_concat): append -> concat Stringに合わせた
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): `$;'が使えなかった．
+
+	* array.c (ary_push_method): 複数引数を受け付けるように．
+	(ary_unshift): 複数引数を受け付けるように．
+
+	* io.c (io_popen): IO.popenでcommand pipeが開けるように．
+
+	* object.c (Init_Object): KernelとNilをruby scriptからアクセスでき
+	  ないように．
+
+Thu Aug  8 01:21:47 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (f_integer): 整数への変換関数
+	(f_float): 実数への変換関数
+	(f_string): 文字列への変換関数
+	(f_array): 配列への変換関数
+
+	* bignum.c (big_to_i): FIXNUMの範囲でない時はBignumのまま返すよう
+	  に変更．
+
+Wed Aug  7 09:28:38 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99.1-960807
+
+	* parse.y (mlhs): 「*foo = 1,2,3」タイプの多重代入も可能に．
+
+	* object.c (Init_Object): クラスTrue/Falseをruby scriptからアクセ
+	  スできないように．
+
+	* object.c (nil_inspect): inspect表現は"nil"に
+
+	* io.c (io_print): nilのprintをnilに．
+
+	* object.c (nil_to_s): nilの文字列表現を""に．
+
+Tue Aug  6 01:12:32 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* dir.c (dir_s_open): file descripterが足りない時にはgcしてからも
+	  う一度openしてみる．
+
+	* io.c (rb_fopen): すべてのfopen()についてfile descripterが足りな
+	  い時にはgcしてからもう一度openしてみる．
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (Init_socket): 定数の追加．
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-indent-to): インデント後のカーソル位置
+	  の調整を正しく．
+
+	* gc.c (gc): 割込みチェックを行わない(Cコードの中で安心して
+	  malloc()が使えなくなるので)．
+
+	* st.c (call_hash_func): signalとthreadによる割込みに対応．
+
+	* sig.h (DEFER_INTS): 割込み禁止区間の指定
+
+	* eval.c (f_require): threadによるrequireの競合に対応(最初の
+	  requireが終了するまで他のthreadは待つ)．
+
+	* bignum.c (str2inum): 0x80000000の値が負になっていた
+
+	* sprintf.c (f_sprintf): 文字列末尾，行末の単独の`%'に対応
+
+	* bignum.c (big_cmp): 比較の結果が逆になる時があった．
+
+Mon Aug  5 10:58:13 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* process.c (proc_exec_v): 例外のメッセージを分かりやすく．
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c (fdbm_store): nilを格納すると要素の削除になる
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c: サイズをキャッシュ．
+
+Sat Aug  3 01:52:52 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_fail): `fail'が引数無しで呼ばれた時だけ以前の`$@'を保
+	  存するように．
+
+	* eval.c (f_fail): frameの調整
+
+Fri Aug  2 11:26:21 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (bsock_setopt): valとしてTRUE/FALSE/Fixnumも
+	  受け付けるように．
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (Init_socket): SO_REUSEADDR等の定数の追加
+
+	* ext/md5/md5init.c: md5モジュール(初の複数ファイルからなるモジュー
+	  ルでもある)
+
+	* ruby.h (Make_Data_Struct): Data: objectのinstance変数に格納 ->
+	  Data型のObjectに(Dir,Time,Proc,Thread,DBM)
+
+Thu Aug  1 11:38:44 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c (fdbm_store): valueが文字で無い時に対応
+
+Wed Jul 31 10:53:42 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (open_inet): htonsが必要であった
+	(tcpaddr): ntohlで変換した
+
+	* process.c (rb_proc_exec): execvp -> execv
+
+Tue Jul 30 17:48:33 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c: `$?'をthread localに
+
+	* Makefile.in (install): install時にstripを行う
+
+	* configure.in: install時のstripの検出
+
+	* configure.in: NEXTSTEP対応
+
+	* version 0.99.1-960730
+
+Tue Jul 30 16:40:35 1996  SHIROYAMA Takayuki  <psi@fortune.nest.or.jp>
+
+	* dln.c (dln_load): NeXT dln(mach-o)対応．configureは未対応
+
+Tue Jul 30 09:46:51 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* process.c (f_system): 複数引数もとれるように
+
+	* process.c (f_exec): 複数引数もとれるように
+
+	* array.c (ary_append): 配列(またはEnum)の要素を破壊的に追加
+
+	* array.c (ary_plus): Enumはその要素を追加
+
+	* file.c (file_s_open): File.openを追加
+
+	* struct.c (struct_new): FIX2INTを忘れていた
+
+	* file.c (Init_File): exists? -> exist?
+
+	* object.c (obj_is_kind_of): is_kind_of? -> kind_of?, is_a?
+
+	* object.c (obj_is_instance_of): is_instance_of? -> instance_of?
+
+Mon Jul 29 16:40:02 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (parse_regx): 式展開を行った場合，casefoldの設定ができて
+	  いなかった．
+
+	* object.c (true_type): TRUE/FALSEにtypeを実装．
+
+	* parse.y (read_escape): 3文字以内のoctalに対応(\0とか)
+
+Fri Jul 26 00:31:45 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* array.c (ary_reverse_bang): in-placeで配列を反転させる
+	(ary_sort_bang): in-placeでsortする
+	(ary_sort): sortした配列を返すように
+	(ary_delete_at): 指定した位置の要素を削除する
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): stack深さチェックを毎回は行わないように
+
+	* error.c (Warning): 実行中のwarningが表示されていなかった
+
+	* eval.c (compile): 例外発生を分離．
+
+	* eval.c (f_eval): 変数rb_in_evalを正しく管理するように
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c (fdbm_store): 格納するkeyを文字列に変換
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): 無限再帰のチェックを大域脱出を行うC methodにも
+	  対応させた．threadのstack深さチェックルーチンを流用．
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): 第1引数のunary -/+の判定が間違っていた．
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): unary +で数字を余計に読んでいた(ex. +5 -> 55)
+
+Thu Jul 25 12:15:04 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): 曖昧でない引数に対して警告を出していた．
+
+	* eval.c (iterator_p): 引数で呼んでも正しい結果を返すように．
+
+	* parse.y: break/next/redo/retryのメソッド化．
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): nestのチェックミス
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-region): 予約語のチェックを強化
+
+	* parse.y (primary): unless/untilの復活
+
+Tue Jul 23 18:50:10 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* array.c (Array#empty?), Hash.c (Hash#empty?), ext/dbm/dbm.c (DBM#empty?):
+	  空の判定述語
+
+	* eval.c (f_unless): ifの逆をするイテレータ
+
+	* eval.c (f_until): whileの逆をするイテレータ
+
+	* parse.y: notの優先順位をand/orより高く
+
+	* parse.y (expr): `!'を引数括弧を省略したcallでも有効に
+
+Mon Jul 22 10:15:38 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99-960722
+
+	* array.c (ary_print_on): OFSのNILチェックが不完全
+
+	* ruby.c  (load_file): 標準入力からのスクリプトが空の時に対応．
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): -wでは引数無しの時には標準入力からスクリ
+	  プトをとる(-vではたんに終了する)．
+
+	* array.c (ary_compact): nilの要素を取り除くメソッド
+
+	* array.c (ary_nitems): nilでない要素を数えるメソッド
+
+Sun Jul 20 00:51:53 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): -w optionを追加
+
+	* parse.y: {}が閉じていない時には展開しない文字列を
+
+Fri Jul 19 16:16:05 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99-960719
+
+	* lib/find.rb: 石塚版(pruneの拡張付き)
+
+	* file.c (test_l): lstatで調べないとね．
+
+	* eval.c (f_throw): 第2引数を省略可能に．
+
+	* parse.y (str_extend): {}のネストに対応
+
+Thu Jul 18 18:25:46 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99-960718
+
+	* parse.y (str_extend): 文字列中の式展開に \" ' ` / を含む事ができ
+	  るように．
+
+Tue Jul 16 15:55:31 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-region): 正規表現内のエスケープ
+	  に対応
+
+	* version 0.99-960716
+
+Fri Jul 12 10:06:19 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (f_select): 引数のclose check.
+
+	* ruby.c (load_file): #!行の引数チェックを第1引数に限定(実をいうと
+	  DOS改行対策)
+
+Wed Jul 10 17:18:35 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99-960710
+
+	* time.c (time_s_timegm/time_s_timelocal): 時間を生成するメソッド
+
+Mon Jun 17 15:59:20 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99-960617
+
+	* parse.y (yyerror): エラー表示の簡略化．
+
+Wed Jun 12 14:11:01 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* signal.c (rb_trap_exit): trap 0はthreadを生成せずに処理する．
+
+Fri Jun  7 10:17:01 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* array.c/hash.c (indexes): 配列1引数のパターンを無くした．配列の
+	  場合は`*ary'を使ってもらおう．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_wait_threads): main_threadが終了する前に他の
+	  threadを待つ(強制的には終了させない)．
+	  (ruby_run): 他のthreadを待っている間にシグナルが来たら，全thread
+	  を強制終了させる．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_fail): メソッド名を`$!'に埋め込む．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): main_threadのコンテクストがセーブされな
+	  い場合があった．
+
+	* process.c (f_sleep): 時間を指定せず，threadがひとつしかない状況
+	  にも対応．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): create後，fnを呼び出す前にcontext switch
+	  が起きると違うcontextでfnが実行されてしまうバグ．
+
+Mon Jun  3 08:03:17 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* struct.c (struct_s_def): メンバの指定を文字列，シンボル(FIXNUM)
+	  双方で可能にした．
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (Init_etc): 構造体オブジェクトをGCから保護した．
+
+	* error.c (rb_sys_fail): nil/FALSEを引数として受け付けるように．
+
+Thu May 30 16:19:08 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_select): EINTRに対応．
+
+Wed May 29 11:04:51 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (f_catch): catch/throwを実装した．
+
+Tue May 28 13:30:52 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99-960528
+
+	* eval.c (thread_cleanup): main threadが終了すると他のthreadも終了
+	  することの明確化．
+
+	* signal.c (trap): SIGINTのデフォルトの設定ミス(本当にSIG_DFLでは
+	  まずかった)．rubyではちゃんとハンドルしないと．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_interrupt): SIGINTはmain_threadに例外を発生させる
+	  ように．
+
+Mon May 27 15:13:31 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_status): threadの状態を返すメソッド．threadの終了
+	  を待たない．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_value): 一種のpromiseを実装するためのメソッド．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_join): 待っているthreadが例外を起こした時には，
+	  joinがその例外を発生するように．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_create): threadでの例外をpropagateしないように．
+
+Fri May 24 10:47:53 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* enum.c (Init_Enumerable): `size' as alias to the `length'
+
+	* eval.c (thread_save_context): `$@', `$!'をスレッド毎にセーブ．
+
+	* eval.c (superclass): エラー表示をより親切に．
+
+Thu May 23 10:38:41 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.99-960523
+
+	* eval.c (superclass): エラー時にスーパークラス名を(分かれば)表示
+	  するように．
+
+Wed May 22 19:48:42 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (superclass): スーパークラスの指定子を`:'から`<'に変更．
+
+Tue May 21 09:27:59 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/thread.rb: threadをサポートするクラス(Mutex, Queue)．
+
+Mon May 20 09:39:49 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* time.c (time_cmp): 浮動小数点数も扱えるように．
+	(time_minus): Time - Timeが浮動小数点数を返すように．
+
+Fri May 17 15:40:10 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* process.c (rb_proc_exec): Thread対応時にexecの直前に
+	  ITIMER_VIRTUALをリセットする．
+
+Tue May 14 02:12:44 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* signal.c (sighandle): SIGINTに対してデフォルトで例外を発生させる
+	  のをやめ，status 130でexitするようにした．
+
+	* eval.c (thread_schedule): Threadのバグはほとんどとれたようだ．
+
+Fri May 10 11:21:08 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (thread_schedule): ユーザレベルThread機能．効率はともかく
+	  移植性はある．今後，thread間の通信機能を実装する予定．
+
+Thu May  2 21:22:31 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* time.c (time_timeval): struct timevalを直接返すように(static変数
+	  を使わない)．
+
+Wed May  1 17:27:32 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* process.c (f_sleep): 整数以外のtimeを指定できるように．
+
+Thu Apr 25 08:19:15 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (file_s_dirname): ファイル名が"/"を含まない時，"."を返す
+	  ように(GNU dirnameの仕様)．
+
+	* file.c (file_s_basename): まだnilと0を混同しているソースが残って
+	  いた．
+
+	* parse.y (exprs): エラーリカバリを追加．
+
+Wed Apr 24 15:51:05 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_chop_bang): CRLFの場合2 bytesをchop!するように．
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (tcp_svr_s_open): まだnilと0を混同しているソー
+	  スが残っていた．
+
+Tue Apr 23 18:14:25 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* pack.c (pack_pack): "A/a"のバグ．余計なpaddingが入っていた．
+
+Thu Apr 18 13:02:11 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* configure.in: アーキテクチャ依存部を別ディレクトリにインストール
+	  するように．
+
+	* parse.y (yyerror): エラー発生時にエラー行とその位置を表示するよ
+	  うに．
+
+Wed Apr 17 14:22:42 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* defines.h: SAFE_SIGHANDLEを無くし，危険な選択はできないように．
+
+	* io.c (io_ungetc): 新機能．
+
+	* ruby.c (load_file): ファイルからの読み込み方式が変わったのに対応．
+
+	* parse.y (compile_file): ファイルからの入力を一度全部読み込むのを
+	  止めて，getsを使うことにした．
+
+Wed Apr 10 17:40:11 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.98
+
+Tue Apr  9 09:54:30 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (iter_block): イテレータブロックの指定をメソッド呼び出し
+	  に限定．文法の明確化．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): 条件式の正規表現の比較をinline化．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): defined? の 定義情報(種別)を文字列で返す．
+
+	* node.h: NODE_BEGIN -> NODE_RESCUE, NODE_ENSUREに分離．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): option -n/-pのトップレベルループのinline展開．
+
+	* parse.y (cond0): 条件式中の文字列は比較の対象としない
+
+Wed Mar 27 12:33:54 1996  Tairo Nomura  <tairo@hucom.tp.titech.ac.jp>
+
+	* defines.h: NeXT対応
+
+Wed Mar 27 10:02:44 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y: 予約語の変更 continue -> next
+
+Mon Mar 25 07:34:37 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (parse_regx): o(once)オプションを追加．
+
+Fri Mar 22 14:25:35 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.97d
+
+	* eval.c (dyna_var_defined): 動的ローカル変数の定義チェック用ルー
+	  チン．
+
+	* parse.y (gettable): eval()の中での動的ローカル変数(既に値を持っ
+	  ているもの)の検出に失敗していた．
+
+Tue Mar 19 10:46:47 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.97c
+
+	* re.c (reg_s_new): compile時にsegmentation fault．
+
+	* parse.y (str_extend): いつもevalするように．
+
+Wed Mar 13 11:00:42 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (str_extend): 文字列中の式展開の不備を無くした．
+
+	* parse.y: 下手なエラーリカバリを外した．
+
+Tue Mar 12 12:30:20 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rescue): 間違ってensureでも例外を捕捉していた．
+
+Wed Mar  6 12:11:03 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (var_extend): 変数展開"#{}"で，任意の式を書けるようにし
+	  た，これで「変数」展開では無くなっちゃったなあ．
+
+	* regex.c (init_syntax_once): `_'をwordに追加．
+
+	* regex.c (re_compile_pattern): `\w',`\W'の判定をsyntax tableを使
+	  うように．
+
+Tue Feb 27 10:15:32 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (obj_inspect): 表示するインスタンス変数が無い時には，
+	  to_sを使う．
+
+	* configure.in: dlnの検出を自動的に．
+
+Mon Feb 26 19:55:33 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.c (readin): read(2)で一度にファイルが読み込めない場合に対応．
+
+Sat Feb 24 14:47:18 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.97b
+
+Fri Feb 23 11:26:02 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* class.c (rb_define_module): C言語で定義されたモジュールのPATHの
+	  設定忘れ．文字列化でcore dump．
+
+	* eval.c (mod_include): 戻り値をnilに．
+
+	* version 0.97a
+
+Thu Feb 22 21:03:42 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* array.c (ary_times): 「配列*文字列」がjoinと同じ働きをするように．
+
+Wed Feb 21 11:18:09 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* configure.in : fileCountをcache．
+
+	* configure.in : LinuxでELF環境を自動的に検出できるよう．
+
+Tue Feb 20 11:18:09 1996  Mitsuhide Satou  <mit-sato@aries.bekkoame.or.jp>
+
+	* FreeBSD dynamic link対応．
+
+Fri Feb 16 08:50:01 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (obj_inspect): インスタンス変数を持たないオブジェクトも
+	  正しく表示されるように．
+
+Wed Feb 14 16:56:44 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): 条件式の`2..2'など左辺成立直後に右辺が成立する
+	  パターンにバグ．
+
+Tue Feb 13 18:22:22 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.97
+
+Fri Feb  9 21:32:55 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/tkscrollbox.rb: スクロールでtclの設定を行い，ruby<->wishの不
+	  要な通信を無くした．
+
+Wed Feb  7 10:26:52 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_aref): indexをunsigned intでとっていた．
+
+	* string.c (str_aref): 範囲外のindexに対してnilを返す．
+
+	* parse.y (special_local_set): `$_'が宣言無しに使われた場合に対応．
+	  関数をvariable.cから移動．
+
+	* string.c (str_sub): 置換開始位置が間違っていた．
+
+Tue Feb  6 16:17:31 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-region): コメントの読み飛ばしの
+	  バグ．
+
+Fri Feb  2 18:35:28 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* variable.c (lastline_get): `$_'を`$~'と同じようにSCOPEローカルな
+	  変数にした．
+
+Thu Feb  1 14:14:07 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c: statのcacheをやめた．
+
+Wed Jan 31 07:13:08 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (proc_s_new): procの中でyieldを呼ばれた時にcore dumpして
+	  いた．とりあえず例外を発生させる．
+
+	* variable.c (rb_class2path): singleton classに対応．
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (Init_etc): struct_defineのターミネータがnilだった
+	  (0でなければならない)．
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c: TRUE/FALSEを吐き出せるように．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_get_method_body): キャッシュのalias対応，いままでは
+	  aliasはキャッシュに入っていなかった．
+
+Tue Jan 30 09:55:13 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): NODE_BLOCK - tail recursive(というほどでもない
+	  が)．
+
+	* io.c (io_pipe): pipe(2)を実装した．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): Qselfをなくした．thread対応への第一歩．先は遠
+	  いが…．
+
+	* eval.c (proc_call): procの中でのreturnはprocの終了を意味するよう
+	  に．ただし，procからのyieldの中でのreturnは例外を発生する．
+
+Wed Jan 24 11:33:48 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.96a
+
+	* dir.c (dir_each): `$_'の値を変更するのをやめた．
+
+	* io.c (f_readlines): nilとFALSEの分離のあおりで無限ループに落ちて
+	  いた．
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_options): $0の設定ミス．
+
+Tue Jan 23 15:28:21 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): ``は文字列を引数とするメソッド(`)呼び出しのシ
+	  ンタックスシュガーであるとした．
+
+	* ruby.c (addpath): `-I'オプションでディレクトリが「前に」追加され
+	  るように変更．
+
+Fri Jan 19 11:23:12 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* dln.c (load_1): N_INDR対応(出来たような気がする)．
+
+Thu Jan 18 18:14:20 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.texi: FALSEとnilの分離を反映した．
+
+Tue Jan 16 17:39:23 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.96 - とりあえずnilとFALSEを区別する版
+
+Wed Jan 10 15:31:48 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* re.c (reg_match): マッチしなかった時の戻り値はFALSE．
+
+	* object.c (rb_equal): `0 == nil'がTRUEになるバグ．
+
+Tue Jan  9 00:44:58 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* nilとFALSEが分離可能に変更．
+
+	* nilとFALSEと0の区別を厳密に．
+
+	* struct.c (struct_new): 引数を0で終る必要が無くなった．
+
+	* object.c (inspect_i): オブジェクトのチェックのバグ(Fixnumでcore
+	  dumpしていた)．
+
+	* range.c (range_to_s): Rangeの表示を改善．
+
+	* object.c (true_inspect): TRUEの表示を`TRUE'に．
+
+Mon Jan  8 15:02:33 1996  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_mul): divide by zero errorが発生した(オーバーフロー
+	  検出のバグ)
+
+	* texinfo.texをパッケージに含めた．
+
+Sun Dec 31 00:08:49 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): `::'では，そのクラスで定義された定数を参照する
+	  ように変更．
+
+	* string.c (Init_String): eachをeach_lineに戻した．
+
+Thu Dec 28 12:31:55 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): caseの演算子を`=~'から`==='に．
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_set): クラス定数の再定義を許す(同じクラスで
+	  は不可)．警告は出す．
+
+Wed Dec 27 13:27:52 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.95c
+
+	* ext/tkutil/tkutil.c: wishがあってもなくても一応コンパイルだけは
+	  するように．
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: 環境変数PATHから{wish|wish4.0}を探すように．
+
+Tue Dec 26 01:03:42 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-region): 正規表現の検出強化．
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_mul): 乗算のオーバーフロー検出アルゴリズムのバグ．
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in: ./install-shを使う場合のPATHを調整．
+
+	* Makefile.in (install): lib/*.rbを一つずつインストール．
+
+	* io.c (io_each_line): イテレータの戻り値をnilで統一．
+
+Fri Dec 22 10:34:32 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.95b
+
+	* variable.c (f_untrace_var): 第2引数を指定すると特定のtraceを削除
+	  できるように．
+
+	* variable.c (f_trace_var): 第2引数がnilの時，traceを削除する．
+
+	* lib/tk.rb (file_readable/file_writable): 第2引数をnilにすること
+	  によるevent handlerの削除．
+
+	* parse.y (variable): ドキュメントに`__FILE__'と`__LINE__'が残って
+	  いた．`caller(0)'で代用したはずだったのに．
+
+	* eval.c (f_eval): $!のリセット．
+
+	* error.c (err_sprintf): 勝手に"\n"を付加するのを止めた．
+
+	* parse.y (f_arglist): 引数リスト直後のif/whileの読み間違い．
+	  lex_stateの値が設定されていなかった．
+
+Thu Dec 21 00:56:57 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.95a - ^^;;;
+
+	* lib/tkscrollbox.rb: パッケージに入ってなかった．
+
+	* configure.in: FILE structureのチェックにバグ．
+
+	* Makefile.in (clean): ext以下をinstallしていた．
+
+	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: Solarisにおける-lnlsのチェック．
+
+	* array.c (beg_len): バグがあった…．悲しい．
+
+	* version 0.95 - fj.sourcesに
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): rescueのロジックをrb_rescue()に一元化．
+
+Wed Dec 20 19:30:58 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* Makefile.in: 不要なコンパイルの回避(より完全に)．
+
+	* class.c (singleton_class_new): `single'->`singleton'
+
+Tue Dec 19 07:14:33 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* io.c (closed?): IOがcloseされているかどうかを知る述語．
+
+	* parse.y (primary): 特異メソッドの引数のlex_stateが不適切．
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: tcl->rubyの変換関数の用意．
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (install): installの2重コンパイルの回避．
+
+	* array.c (range_beg_len): range指定の不適切なエラーを訂正．
+
+	* string.c (str_aref): range指定のバグを削除．
+
+	* lib/tk.rb (tk_split_list): Tclのリストに対応．
+
+Mon Dec 18 09:58:12 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.94
+
+	* dln.c (dln_load): HP対応(未確認)
+
+	* eval.c (Init_Proc): BlockをProcに改名．
+
+Sat Dec 16 13:46:14 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): retryでイテレータの再実行ができるように．
+
+Fri Dec 15 17:14:30 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c: proc:lambdaの親しみやすい別名
+
+Thu Dec 14 17:21:55 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (dyna_var_asgn): イテレータブロック内で最初に初期化された
+	  ローカル変数の有効範囲をそのブロック内に限定．これでlambdaと呼べ
+	  ないことはない．
+
+Wed Dec 13 02:30:58 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* gc.c: autoloadのマークミス．
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: wishからの複数行の戻り値に対応
+
+	* lib/tkcomposite.rb: 複合widget
+
+	* variable.c (rb_class2path): ICLASSに対応してなかった．
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_run): exit(0)のバグ
+
+Sat Dec  9 01:21:24 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c (dumps|load): 文字列に対する入出力を可能に
+	  した(ただし実はファイル経由なのだ)．
+
+Fri Dec  8 18:29:11 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c: シンボルを一度だけ初期化する．
+
+Thu Dec  7 07:58:50 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): 第1引数の正規表現の認識にエラーがあった．同時に
+	  状態数を減らした．
+
+	* string.c (str_sub): 置換でスキップ幅が大きすぎた．
+
+Wed Dec  6 15:14:23 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_sub_method): sub/gsub(!なし)は置換が行なわれなかっ
+	  た時，置換前の文字列を返す．
+
+Tue Dec  5 00:55:15 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): 括弧を省略した時の引数展開の`*'に対応．
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_run): EXITハンドラ内での例外に対応．
+
+	* bignum.c (big_cmp): BignumとFixnumの比較で落ちる．
+
+Mon Dec  4 14:21:18 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (call_op): コンパイル時の定数式の展開をやめた．労多くし
+	  て益少ないと判断したので．
+
+Thu Nov 30 01:35:15 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: {Radio,Check}Buttonのvariableの実装．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_yield_0): Block.callがネストした時のバグ．
+
+	* io.c (f_select): 常に配列3つをふくむ配列を返すように
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: fileeventをruby側で実装．
+
+Wed Nov 29 17:53:23 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_ivar_get): selfを常に指定するように．
+
+Tue Nov 14 00:07:29 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: Tk4.0対応
+
+Mon Nov 13 16:23:32 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.93
+
+Thu Nov  9 23:26:01 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark): モジュールのMixinのマーク忘れ．
+
+	* parse.y (f_arglist): メソッド定義の引数を括弧で括らなくても良い
+	  ようにした．
+
+Wed Nov  8 00:17:51 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_yield_0): 未初期化のローカル変数があった．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): pendig signalのチェックをeval実行後に行うよう
+	  にした．でないとシグナルの発生と検出が遠く離れてしまう事がある．
+
+	* parse.y: class文のsuperclass部を定数から式に拡張した．
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: Tkのほぼ全ウィンドウクラスに対応．キャンバスとテキス
+	  ト上のオブジェクトが残っている．
+
+Tue Nov  7 08:18:37 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* signal.c (trap): ブロックを指定できるように．
+
+Mon Nov  6 16:44:00 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (f_caller): 呼出元の情報を得る．
+
+	* ext/tkutil/tkutil.c: wishのstderr出力を監視することで，エラー処
+	  理を行う．
+
+	* ext/tkutil/tkutil.c: wishとの通信部をCで記述．
+
+Sat Nov  4 01:12:59 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): インデントの計算を
+	  もう少しスマートにした(正規表現のチェック，継続行のチェック)．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): 無限再帰を避けるため，関数のネストレベルの制限
+	  を行なう．
+
+	* lib/tk.rb: Tkインターフェース．まだ不完全だが．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_yield_0): 空のBlockのバグ．
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): 行末の演算子による
+	  行継続に対応．
+
+Fri Nov  3 12:56:21 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): 本体が空の関数の実行にバグ．
+
+	* parse.y (var_extend): 文字列の末尾の変数展開のバグ．
+
+	* variable.c (rb_gvar_set): traceの評価時にに変数値を与えるように．
+
+	* eval.c (f_require): ruby scriptのrequireにbug．
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_get): モジュールのinclude対策．
+
+Thu Oct 19 13:56:06 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* dln.c (dln_load): HP対応でのtypo.
+
+Wed Oct 18 17:39:39 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.92
+
+	* object.c (krn_type): オブジェクトの動的な型を返すメソッド．
+
+Tue Oct 17 00:48:18 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): -X オプション．chdirだけを行う．
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): 漢字コードを途中で変更できるように．コンパイ
+	  ル時のコードが変更された時にはマッチの直前に正規表現の再コンパイ
+	  ルを行う．定数KCODEから変数$KCODEへ．
+
+	* parse.y: ()のなかにcompexprを許す．
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): メモリリークを直した．
+
+Fri Oct 13 13:19:19 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (str_sub): 文字列置換にバグ．
+
+	* string.c (str_strip_bang): 文字列の後ろの長さの調整が行われてい
+	  なかった．
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): $&, $1...はローカルに束縛するようになった．呼
+	  び出したメソッドでのマッチは現スコープの$&などの値に影響しない．
+	  マッチの情報をスコープ外で得たいときには$~を使って束縛情報を持ち
+	  出す必要がある．
+
+Thu Oct 12 00:33:33 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* re.c (reg_search): String:split, String:indexでは$&, $1...が変化
+	  しないようにした．
+
+	* io.c (rb_str_setter): setterの仕様が変更になっていた．
+
+	* variable.c (f_trace_var): 第2引数を省略してイテレータとして呼べ
+	  るように．
+
+Wed Oct 11 11:50:59 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.91
+
+	* variable.c (var_setter): 引数が間違っていた．致命的バグ．
+
+	* io.c (pipe_open): $stderrの値が変更されている時にはそちらを
+	  子プロセスのstderrに設定する．
+
+Mon Oct  9 13:06:33 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (mod_to_s): モジュール内のモジュールは`::'を使った表現
+	  で表示されるように．
+
+	* variable.c (rb_gvar_set): 代入によるループが発生しないように，
+	  trace内での代入ではtraceを評価しない．
+
+	* struct.c (struct_equal): structのequal判定にクラスの一致を含めた．
+
+Sat Oct  7 00:18:32 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): defined?の機能を拡張(yieldのチェック，superの
+	  存在など)．
+
+Fri Oct  6 12:06:47 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.90
+
+	* st.c (st_foreach): 要素を削除した時に要素数が変化していなかった．
+
+	* hash.c (hash_values): バグ修正．keysを返していた…．
+
+	* parse.y (call_op): defined? の引数では定数の畳み込みを行わない
+	  (チェックする前にコンパイルエラーになっては困る)．
+
+	* スコープ生成の一部見直し．
+
+Thu Oct  5 00:29:43 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* 関数とクラスの命名規則を変更した．関数名，変数名の全面書き換え．
+
+	* gc.c (looks_pointerp): ヒープチェックの高速化．
+
+	* struct.c (Fstruct_aset): 構造体に対する`[]='．
+	(struct_set): 構造体メンバに対する代入．
+
+Wed Oct  4 09:54:07 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.89
+
+	* eval.c (Frequire): ダイナミックロードのエラーチェックを厳しく．
+
+	* struct.c: structの構造を完全に書き換えた．以前は順序付きの
+	  id->valueの連想配列であったが，今度は構造体毎に新しいクラスを生
+	  成するようにした．
+
+	* parse.y: `::'の意味をAssocの生成からクラス(モジュール)内の定数ア
+	  クセスへ変更．
+
+	* assoc.c: なくす．
+
+Tue Oct  3 13:31:08 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* variable.c (Ftrace_var): trace_var, 大域変数への書き込みhookを設
+	  定する．
+
+	* variable.c: global_entryの構成を書き換えた．これでtrace_varを実
+	  装できる．
+
+	* file.c (Ffile_stat): "&"で直前のfstatの結果も参照できるように．
+
+Fri Sep 29 14:15:13 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.88
+
+	* dln.c (dln_load): AIXとHPに対応したコードを入れた(動作は未確認)．
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in: 必要に応じて，定数EXTLIBを定義するように．
+
+	* dln.c (dln_load): dln独立に書き換える．将来の拡張用．
+	(load_1): dln_a_outにおいてソースコードでライブラリを明示的にロー
+	ドする必要がないように変更した．
+
+Thu Sep 28 13:31:37 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/ruby-mode.el: もっとましなhilit19対応(正規表現)．
+
+Wed Sep 27 04:12:44 1995  Takahasi Mamoru  <taka@soum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/test.rb: echoで-nを使わないように(SysV対策)．
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in: sub -> sub!
+
+Tue Sep 26 19:12:42 1995  Yasuo OHBA  <jammy@csg.mes.co.jp>
+
+	* dln.c (dln_find_1): `.', `..'から始まるパスに対応した.
+
+Mon Sep 25 12:33:03 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.87
+
+Sat Sep 23 10:00:18 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (Fmod_modfunc): メソッドをprivateにし，同時に特異メソッド
+	  も定義するメソッド．パッケージ的使い方のモジュール用．
+
+Fri Sep 22 11:02:44 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* lib/find.rb: findを提供するライブラリ
+
+	* variable.c (rb_define_variable): hookの設定を分離．
+	(add_hook): 1変数に対して複数のhookを設定できるように．
+
+Thu Sep 21 00:22:11 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (Fstr_frozen): 文字列が更新不可かどうかをチェックする述
+	  語メソッド．
+
+	* hash.c (Fhash_aset): keyが文字列の時，キーの内容が変化しないよう
+	  に，dupしてfreezeする．
+
+Wed Sep 20 16:12:44 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.86
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (have_header): キャッシュにバグ．
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (have_library): 引数の順序が変わった．
+
+Thu Sep 14 18:00:59 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* object.c (obj_is_instance_of): is_member_ofから名称変更．
+
+	Wed Sep 13 15:44:35 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (Fstr_tr_bang): 範囲外の文字に対する変換バグ．
+
+Tue Sep 12 14:27:58 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (Sfile_expand_path): expand_file_name -> expand_pathに名
+	  称変更．
+
+	* enum.c (Fenum_member): includes? -> member? に名称変更．
+
+	* string.c (Fstr_each_byte): StringはByteArrayであるという基本に戻っ
+	  て，eachの定義をeach_byteに変更した．今までのeachはeach_lineでア
+	  クセスできる．
+
+Mon Sep 11 18:31:17 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (cache_stat): ファイル名として"&"を指定すると直前の
+	  stat(2)の結果を再利用するように．
+
+Fri Sep  8 14:18:51 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ruby.texi: `!', `?'に対応してアップデート．
+
+	* parse.y: defined -> defined?
+
+	* file.c: FileOpの一文字メソッドをなくす．一文字テストはtestメソッ
+	  ドにまかせる．
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): 変数名の後ろに`?'も許す．述語メソッドの後ろに
+	  `?'を追加する．
+
+Thu Sep  7 20:01:33 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c: 文字列の中身を更新するメソッドの名前の終りに`!'を付加．
+	  `!'の無いバージョンも用意した．
+
+	* parse.y: 変数名の後ろに`!'を許す．
+
+Wed Sep  6 14:12:19 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.85
+
+	* string.c (Fstr_dup): 文字列の複製を作る
+	(Fstr_freeze): 文字列の更新不可属性を設定できるように．
+	(Fsub/Fgsub): $_の内容をdupしてから置換を行うように．
+
+	* ruby.h (CLONESETUP): flagsの状態もコピー
+
+Tue Sep  5 01:27:50 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* sample/test.rb: 失敗の検出を厳しく．
+
+Fri Aug 25 14:31:02 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* process.c (Ffork): イテレータとしても動作するように．
+
+	* version 0.84
+
+	* signal.c (sig_beg): ハンドラが設定されている時には再設定しない．
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (create_makefile): shared objectのリンクの際に
+	  `-l'オプションを指定するように．
+
+	* signal.c (trap): `EXIT'で終了処理を行う設定が出来る．
+
+Wed Aug 16 00:13:22 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* signal.c (sig_beg): デフォルトではbegin節の中でだけSIGINTを捕捉
+	  するように変更．
+
+	* io.c (io_ctl): fcntlを持たないシステムにも対応．
+
+	* 各ディレクトリに分散していたMANIFESTをまとめた．拡張モジュール毎
+	  には必要．
+
+	* string.c (Sstr_new,str_sub,Fstr_crypt): 引数を自動的に文字列に変
+	  換するように．
+
+Sat Aug 12 00:44:02 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* string.c (Fstr_crypt): PD cryptを用意した．
+
+Fri Aug 11 14:37:03 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* assoc.c (Fassoc_clone): assocもcloneできるように．
+
+	* io.c: マクロREAD_DATA_PENDINGの定義を変更(Linux対応)
+
+	* io.c (io_fptr_finalize): fptrの解放時の処理を指定できるように．
+
+Wed Aug  9 16:52:41 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_provided): 複数のfeatureをロードすると無限ループに落
+	  ちるという単純な(しかし凶悪な)ミス．
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (install): dlopen対応を行った．今までdlnにしか十
+	  分に対応していなかった．
+
+Tue Aug  8 14:17:06 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.83
+
+Mon Aug  7 12:47:41 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y: resque -> rescue．恥ずかしいがtypoを残しておくわけには
+	  いかないよなあ．なんで今まで気がつかなかったのか…．
+
+Thu Aug  3 18:18:05 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* missing/nt.c: NT移植用の関数群をまとめた．
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_get): また例外を発生するようにした．defined
+	  がある以上例外を発生させない理由がないので(例外が発生した方がタ
+	  イプミスの検出などの点で有利)．
+
+	* variable.c (Fautoload): autoloadを実装．今度は使えるか．
+
+Mon Jul 31 15:44:21 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (arg_ambiguous): 第1引数のあいまいさを警告(-vオプション
+	  で有効)．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): `-v'オプションをつけて`def'が呼ばれると不必要
+	  なエラーメッセージが出た．
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): メソッドの第1引数の判定をもうちょっと賢くした．
+
+Fri Jul 28 19:04:43 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): `+/-/['の直前に空白が来るかどうかで動作を変更し
+	  た(混乱のもとか?)
+
+Wed Jul 26 09:21:23 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.82a
+
+	* sprintf.c (Fsprintf): `%s'で'\0'を含む文字列に対応．
+
+	* pack.c (Fpck_pack): packの要素確保のバグ．
+
+	* eval.c (Floop): 無限ループのイテレータ．
+
+	* io.c (next_argv): 存在しないファイル名が指定された時のエラー処理
+	  が行われていなかった．
+
+Mon Jul 24 17:37:34 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.82
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (install): 拡張モジュールをstatic linkする場合は
+	  そのモジュールが既にrequireされたのと同じようにfeatureを設定する．
+	  これで拡張モジュールの機能が必要な時には(static linkされているか
+	  どうかにかかわらず)requireすればよくなる．
+
+	* eval.c (Frequire): `$"'に格納する文字列をフルパスでなくフィーチャ
+	  名とする．rubyスクリプトをロードした時には`.rb'，オブジェクトを
+	  ロードした時には`.o'をフィーチャ名に付加する．lispのrequireと
+	  provideの働きに(少し)近い．
+
+Thu Jul 20 12:50:05 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* Makefile.in (test): make testができるように．
+
+	* struct.c (struct_new): typo.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): `defined'を追加．メソッド/変数/定数の定義状態
+	  を知る事が出来る．
+
+Wed Jul 19 18:04:01 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.81
+
+Mon Jul 17 14:53:51 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_get): 未初期化のCONSTANTの値をnilにした．し
+	  かし，今後また例外に戻す可能性はある．要はoptionalなクラス/モジュー
+	  ルが存在するかチェックしたいだけなんだな．
+
+	* st.c (int): grow_factorを固定にした(大嶋さんのマシンに対応)．
+
+Fri Jul 14 00:48:40 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in: キャッシュのバグを修正．
+
+	* parse.y (var_extend): #{$数字}に対応した．
+
+	* dln.c (dln_load_1): `Init_FILENAME'だけを有効に．`init_*'は今後
+	  実行しない．
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c : Etcモジュールを拡張モジュールとして分離．実はNT
+	  対応への布石だったりするかもしれない．
+
+Tue Jul 11 17:12:48 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* gcc -Wallで出たwarningを元にソースを変更．
+
+	* signal.c (trap): typo.
+
+Fri Jul  7 10:08:51 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.80
+
+	* ruby.texi: texinfo documentを提供．specとruby.1は無くなった．
+
+	* signal.c (Ftrap): 割込み禁止中の例外発生に対応．
+
+	* eval.c (Flambda): Blockオブジェクトを返す．Block.newと同義．
+
+Thu Jul  6 00:35:03 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* signal.c (Ftrap): SIG_DFLの処理を変更．SIGINTへのデフォルトハン
+	ドラを用意(例外を発生する)．
+
+	* file.c (Sfile_expand_fname): パス名を絶対パスに展開するメソッド．
+	(Sfile_basename): basenameを得るメソッド．拡張子も外せる．
+	(Sfile_dirname): basenameの反対．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): argument評価中の例外発生に対応．
+
+	* file.c (Ftest): `M', `A', `C'を追加.
+
+Tue Jul  4 12:36:33 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* file.c (Ftest): ファイルテスト用メソッド．
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): `-r'オプションを追加．
+
+	* parse.y (f_args): デフォルト引数を追加．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): 該当する引数が無い時，rest引数の値をnilに．
+
+	* numeric.c (num_equal): 数値以外との比較で例外が発生していた．
+	  FALSEを返すように．
+
+	* eval.c (masign): 多重代入のrest部の動作がおかしかった．
+
+Sat Jun 17 01:03:16 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (gettable): 未初期化のローカル変数の参照(独立した識別子)
+	  は正式にメソッド呼び出しとした．
+
+	* parse.y (read_escape): tokenbufを使わないように修正．それにとも
+	  ない，`\C-x',`\M-x'などのエスケープ表現を復活．これでドキュメン
+	  トと実際の処理系が一致した．
+
+Thu Jun 15 15:42:00 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* re.c (re_regcomp): cacheのチェックを改善．
+
+Mon Jun 12 18:50:51 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* version 0.79
+
+Sat Jun 10 00:25:01 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@caelum.co.jp>
+
+	* re.c (re_regcomp): cache判定に`$='の値も反映させた．
+
+	* sample/test.rb: test suite作成．
+
+Fri Jun  9 15:58:34 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* re.c (re_regcomp): cacheの判定が間違っていた．
+
+Fri Jun  9 00:01:35 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c (rb_yield): block構造体に初期化していないメンバ(iter)があっ
+	  たのでイテレータのネストが正しく動作しなかった．
+
+Thu Jun  8 00:59:03 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* re.c (=~): String以外との比較がFALSEを返すように(例外を発生して
+	  いた)．
+
+	* extmk.rb.in: 判定した値をファイルにキャッシュするようにした．
+
+	* assoc.c (to_a): to_aメソッドが再定義されていなかった．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): 初期化されていないローカル変数へのアクセスを引
+	  数の無いメソッド呼び出しと解釈する．ただし，(現状では)メソッドが
+	  定義されていない場合，エラーにせず変数未初期化のwaringを出して
+	  nilを返している．「ruby -pe print」などが実行できるという意味で
+	  はありがたいこの仕様は，しかし今後の検討が必要である．-- メソッ
+	  ド呼び出しとするのを止めるか(以前の仕様)，いつもメソッド呼び出し
+	  とする(未定義ならばエラー)か，今の仕様で行くか．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): 初期化されていないローカル変数へのアクセスで
+	  (evalなどで)初期化された事が分かった時には以後初期化されたローカ
+	  ル変数とみなす．
+
+Wed Jun  7 11:58:12 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_fail): 例外処理後も`$!'をクリアしないように．
+	  (rb_fail): `$!'変数に最後に改行を追加しない．
+
+	* io.c (Fprint): privateメソッドに変更．引数を取らない時の動作を変
+	  更(`$_'を出力する)．
+	  (Fio_print): 出力先指定のprintメソッド．
+	  (Fio_printf): 出力先指定のprintfメソッド．
+
+	* parse.y: not演算子の追加．優先順位の低い`!'演算子．
+
+Mon Jun  5 19:00:55 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* version 0.78
+
+Fri Jun  2 17:52:03 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): -Iオプションで`$:'への追加される順番を修
+	  正した．
+
+Fri Jun  2 00:36:34 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* parse.y: while修飾子の動作を通常のwhileと同じにした．ただし，
+	  begin式へのwhile修飾子だけはdo..while型のループとなる．
+
+Wed May 31 18:36:30 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* version 0.77
+
+Mon May 29 18:39:37 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in (install): 拡張モジュールもインストールできるよ
+	  うに．
+
+Fri May 26 14:43:01 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* process.c (Fsystem): 戻り値をサブプロセスの失敗/成功を表す真偽値
+	  にした．終了ステータスは`$?'で得る．
+
+Tue May 23 10:58:11 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* string.c (Fstr_upto): 無限ループに陥らないように．
+
+	* parse.y (cond): `||'などの右辺に制御式が書けるように，条件式がか
+	  ならずしも値を持たなくても良いようにした．
+
+	* ext/marshal/marshal.c: オブジェクトの読み書きをメソッドの再定義
+	  でコントロールできるように．インスタンスが`_dump_to'というメソッ
+	  ドを定義している時はそちらを使うように．
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in: static linkも設定できるような仕様にした．
+	  ext/Setupというファイルにディレクトリ名を記述するとそのディレク
+	  トリに存在するモジュールはstatic linkされる(はず)．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): `..'を文法に組み込み，`..'と`...'の動作をperl
+	  に合わせた．
+
+Sat May 20 01:22:48 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* io.c (select): timeout時と割込み時の動作の明確化．
+
+Fri May 19 15:33:23 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* version 0.76
+
+Fri May 19 00:48:08 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* string.c (Fstr_each): イテレータブロック中で文字列の変更が行われ
+	  たかどうかをチェック．ポインタの値が変わっていれば例外を発生する．
+
+	* ruby-mode.el: ruby-electric-braceの新設．
+
+Thu May 18 12:27:23 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* string.c (Fstr_tr): trの置換対象に`\0'を含む時に正しく置換を行わ
+	  ないバグがあった．更に置換文字列をASCII順に指定しないと動作しな
+	  い問題もあった．結果としてtrを書き換えたので，copyrightの問題は
+	  無くなった(と思う)．
+
+	* gc.c (gc): the_scopeをマークしていなかったので，ローカル変数の指
+	  しているオブジェクトが間違って解放される場合があった．
+
+	* gc.c (mark_locations_array): 若干の高速化．
+
+Mon May 15 11:43:49 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ix-02>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb.in: Dynamic Loadモジュールのコンパイル用チェックを
+	  行うruby script．autoconfに近い感覚で使える．新しいモジュールを
+	  提供したい人はextの下にディレクトリを作るだけで良い．必須のファ
+	  イルはファイル名の一覧を記録した`MANIFEST'というファイルのみ．必
+	  要に応じて`depend'(ファイルの依存関係を記述するファイル gcc -MM
+	  の出力)，`extconf.rb'(コンパイル用にライブラリと関数の存在チェッ
+	  クするファイル)を用意できる．
+
+	* eval.c (rb_call): rubyメソッドの引数チェック時に未初期化の
+	  jmp_bufを使用していた．
+
+	* parse.y: `or'と`and'の優先順位を同じにした．
+
+Wed May  3 18:21:36 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* dln.c: Linuxでは`__.SYMDEF/'であった．
+
+	* dln.c: system callのエラーチェックを忘れていた．
+
+Wed Apr 26 09:50:56 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: イテレータブロックの変数宣言を`|'で括るようにした．これ
+	  でイテレータ変数がない時は宣言そのものを省略できる．文法の変更は
+	  久しぶりだ．
+
+Tue Apr 25 12:04:17 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(require): loadからダイナミックロードの機能を移してきた．
+	  さらに拡張子の補完機能を追加してユーザがdln/dlopenの差を意識する
+	  必要のないようにした．
+
+	* string.c(sub,sub): イテレータとしても動作するように．
+
+	* object.c: init_object -> initialize.
+
+Mon Apr 24 14:22:39 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* NEWS-OS 3.4対応
+
+	* io.c: Solarisのstdioの動作が違うようだ．signalでEOFを返してしま
+	  う…．perlでも同様の問題がある．
+
+Fri Apr 21 20:04:39 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.75
+
+	* signal.c: trapがなくなっていた．うーむ．
+
+	* configure: Solaris 2.3対応．
+
+	* io.c: #elifのないcppもある．
+
+	* dir.c: autoconf 2.xへの対応が不十分
+
+Thu Apr 20 12:31:24 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.74
+
+	* env.h, gc.c, regex.c: IRIXへの移植対応
+
+	* configure: dlopen用にpicを生成するoptionの検出のため，システムタ
+	  イプをチェックするように．
+
+Tue Apr 18 19:08:17 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* gc.c(xrealloc): ptr=nilの時，malloc()と同じ働きを
+
+	* array.c(astore): 空の配列の0番目の要素に代入するとsize=0で
+	  realloc()を呼んでいた．
+
+	* configure, glob.c: Solaris 2.xでコンパイルできるように
+
+Mon Apr 10 18:36:06 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.73
+
+Fri Apr  7 13:51:08 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* cons.c->assoc.c: consの余計な機能は外してpairとしての機能だけを
+	  残した．Enumerableをincludeするのもやめた．
+
+	* string.c(esub): 文字列置換イテレータ．perlのs///eの相当する．
+
+Wed Apr  5 11:35:21 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.72
+
+	* EWS4800対応
+
+	* file.c: utimesがない時はutimeを使うように．
+
+Mon Apr  3 15:19:41 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.71
+
+	* regexp.c(re_match): バグがあった．match_2を削除した時にenbugして
+	  いたのだった．
+
+Mon Mar 27 15:41:43 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* dict.c: Dict->Hashに全面的に移行．
+
+Thu Mar 23 20:30:00 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* dbm.c,socket.c: extディレクトリに分離．
+
+	* configure: dln周りのチェックの強化
+
+	* dln.c: initの呼び出しをdlopen()版に合わせた．
+
+Mon Mar 20 17:45:08 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* configure: autoconf 2.2に対応(一部)．
+
+Fri Mar 17 15:56:44 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* dln.c: dlopenのあるマシンではそちらを使うように．ただし，ちゃん
+	  と動いているかどうかは自信がない．
+
+	* regex.c: virtual concatinationをやめた．
+
+Thu Mar 16 11:32:57 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.70
+
+	* eval.c,regex.c: gccでのコンパイルエラー．
+
+	* io.c: inplace-editで拡張子が指定されない場合，もとのファイルを削
+	  除する．
+
+Wed Mar 15 14:59:18 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.69
+
+	* eval.c(method_missing): unknownから名称変更．
+
+	* eval.c(single_method_added): 特異メソッドが定義された時に呼ばれ
+	  るメソッド．hookとして使える．実際に定義される直前に呼ばれる．
+
+Tue Mar 14 14:46:44 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* ruby.c(proc_options): 引数の解析を自分でやることにより引数指定の
+	  方法がperlに近付いた．getopt_longはもう使わない．
+
+	* dir.c(glob): `{}'のネストを許すようにした．
+
+Mon Mar 13 17:56:25 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* glob.c: Glob(ワイルドカードオブジェクト)はなくなった．ワイルドカー
+	  ドの展開はDir.glob(文字列)を使う．ワイルドカードのマッチは正規表
+	  現で代用．
+
+Fri Mar 10 18:35:46 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: Mathのようなモジュールは自分自身でextendする．
+
+	* eval.c: クラスやモジュールを定義する時，既に同名のものがあれば追
+	  加定義となるように．ただし．superクラスの違いなどはチェックする．
+
+	* regex.c: debug.
+
+	* math.c: 定数PIとEを定義．
+
+Thu Mar  9 21:35:12 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* regex.c: EUC,SJISモードでは0x80以上の8進，16進リテラルを禁止．
+
+	* regex.c: クラス内でも数値リテラル・文字クラスが使えるようした．
+
+Wed Mar  8 17:39:05 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* regex.c: \200など括弧の数以上の表現は8進リテラルと解釈する．ただ
+	  し，\1から\9までは例外．
+
+	* regex.c: \9以上のリファレンスも有効にした．
+
+Tue Mar  7 14:26:01 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(public/private): スコープ制御メソッドの名称変更．静的なア
+	  クセスも出来るようにしてみたが，不採用．
+
+Mon Mar  6 19:34:32 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c(inlcude): メソッド化．動的にモジュールをインクルードでき
+	  るように．さらに任意のオブジェクトにもモジュールをインクルードで
+	  きるメソッド `extend'も用意した．
+
+	* parse.y: 文法からincludeを削除．メソッド化．
+
+Tue Feb 28 15:35:10 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: 配列，連想配列の最後に`,'をおけるように．
+
+Fri Feb 24 13:15:43 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.68
+
+Thu Feb 23 11:19:19 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: resque節のselfの値が間違っていた．
+
+	* eval.c(rb_clear_cache): キャッシュのクリアし忘れがあった．
+
+	* eval.c: 定数のスコープをクラス内の静的スコープに変更した．これに
+	  よって，特異メソッドから参照される定数は，レシーバのクラスではな
+	  く，定義されたスコープのクラスの定数となる．
+
+Wed Feb 22 00:51:38 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* regex.c: ignorecaseを正規表現のコンパイル前に指定しないと正しく
+	  動作しない．修正．
+
+	* string.c(toupper,tolower): bug fix.
+
+	* ENV,VERSION: readonly変数から定数へ．
+
+Tue Feb 21 18:56:56 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* io.c(STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR): 定数として定義．
+
+	* io.c(select): bug fix.
+
+	* version 0.67
+
+Mon Feb 20 16:10:14 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(yylex): 定数を`%識別子'から，第1文字が大文字の識別子に変
+	  更．それにともないクラスは定数となった．
+
+	* eval.c: クラス定義内のselfがクラス定義外部のthe_classだった．
+
+	* variable.c(rb_name_class): クラス名をインスタンス変数に格納する．
+
+Thu Feb 16 15:36:17 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: BLOCKをbraceで表現する文法に変更したものを作ってみる．
+	  MLに提示してみるが反応がない．
+
+	* object.c(do,forever): なくした．
+
+Wed Feb 15 13:20:49 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* re.c(new): 第2引数が与えられて，かつnilでないときだけ設定するよ
+	  うに(以前はnilの時にも設定を行なっていた)．
+
+	* parse.y(parse_regexp): 正規表現リテラルで大文字小文字を無視する
+	  かどうか指定できるように．
+
+Tue Feb 14 00:55:33 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* parse.y: (compexpr) -> (expr).
+
+Fri Feb 10 16:30:00 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* ruby.c(load_file): scriptを読み込む時だけ"#!"の解析を行うように．
+
+	* ruby.c(readin): ファイル読み込み時に先頭に"#!"があり，その行が
+	  "ruby"という文字列を含む時，rubyに引数が与えられていれば，その引
+	  数も有効になる．
+
+	* parse.y(yylex): コメント行の終りが`\'であった時，次の行に継続し
+	  ているとみなすようにした．
+
+Thu Feb  9 16:18:37 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.66
+
+	* parse.y: protectをbeginに変更．begin..endは例外処理だけでなく，
+	  文括弧としても働くことになった．
+
+Wed Feb  1 19:48:24 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* version 0.65
+
+	* string.c(str_replace): 置き換える文字列の長さが等しい時メモリコ
+	  ピーをしない．
+
+	* string.c(rindex): バグ修正．
+
+Mon Jan 30 11:23:05 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(value_expr): ifのチェックを追加．
+
+	* gc.c(gc_mark): free cellの扱いにバグ．
+
+	* parse.y: 文法の変更(よりシンプルに)．例外を減らした．
+
+Thu Jan 26 00:52:55 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* parse.y: 引数として連想配列を置くことができるように．この場合，
+	  連想配列リテラルが最終引数となる．
+
+	* parse.y: 配列参照の`[]'内が空でもよいことにした．
+
+Tue Jan 24 14:45:15 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* class.c(rb_include_module): `-v'を指定した時にはincludeしたモジュー
+	  ルとクラス定数が衝突していないかチェックする．
+
+Mon Jan 23 10:42:09 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(rb_class2name): メタクラスに関するbug fix.
+
+	* dict.c: Dict[..]で辞書の生成が出来るように．
+
+	* array.c: Array[..]で配列の生成が出来るように．
+
+	* parse.y: 辞書の表現として{a,b,..}という形式も許すように．
+
+Fri Jan 20 10:28:38 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* re.c(Regexp.quote): 正規表現をエスケープするメソッド．
+
+	* 無駄なrb_intern()を減らした．
+
+	* parse.y: `!', `!=', `!~'を特殊演算子にする．よってこれらは再定義
+	  できなくなった．
+
+Wed Jan 18 13:20:41 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: 文法の整理(unless,untilをなくした)．
+
+Tue Jan 17 11:11:27 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: defでメソッド再定義時にはスーパークラスのメソッドの可視
+	  性を継承する．最初の定義の時は今までと同じデフォルト(トップレベ
+	  ルで関数的，クラス定義内で通常メソッド)．
+
+	* object.c(Class#new): オブジェクトの生成時に関数的メソッド
+	  init_objectが必ず呼ばれるように変更．
+
+	* eval.c: 未定義のメソッドに対してunknownメソッドが呼ばれるように
+	  なった．エラー表示が今までと同じになるようにenvを調節している．
+
+Fri Jan 13 14:40:30 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* gc.c: gcを若干書き換えて整理した．が，あまり変化はなかったようだ．
+
+	* parse.y(yylex): symbolを\symから:symに変更した．
+
+Thu Jan 12 01:39:28 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c: 新規関数 rb_eval_string()．
+
+	* gc.c: gc_mark()を一部非再帰化．
+
+	* variable.c(rb_ivar_{get,set}): インスタンス変数のアクセス周りで
+	  チェックが足りなかった．
+
+	* variable.c: クラス定数とインスタンス変数でハッシュテーブルを共有
+	  するようにした．
+
+	* ruby.h: iv_tblをRBasicからRObjectとRClassへ移動した．これにより，
+	  ObjectとClass,Moduleしかインスタンス変数を持てなくなる．が，メモ
+	  リ効率は若干向上する．
+
+Tue Jan 10 00:58:20 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* 0.64 released
+
+	* eval.c: レシーバと引数は常にiterではない．
+
+	* cons.c(aref,aset): negative offset対応．
+
+Mon Jan  9 14:40:39 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: foo{..}の形式において，fooをローカル変数やクラス名では
+	  なく，引数なしの関数型メソッド呼び出しとみなすようにした．
+
+	* list.c -> cons.c: 名称変更(クラス名も)．
+
+	* list.c: a::b::c::nilをリスト(a b c)とみなすlisp形式から，a::b::c
+	  をリスト(a b c)とみなすruby形式に変更．[], []=, eachもそれに会わ
+	  せた仕様とする．
+
+	* list.c: consペアとしての機能を強調．仕様変更．
+
+Sat Jan  7 01:26:26 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c: 自己代入の不具合修正．
+
+	* eval.c(masign): 多重代入が配列もリストもとれるようにした．
+
+	* list.c: assocを2要素の配列からList(CONSペア)に変更した．
+
+Fri Jan  6 13:42:12 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: a[b]+=cやa.b+=cなどの自己代入形式で，aやbを2度評価しな
+	  くなった．
+
+	* eval.c: iterator設定のバグフィックス．
+
+	* list.c: Listクラスを新設．
+
+Thu Jan  5 13:55:00 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: SCOPEのメモリリークをなくした．
+
+	* eval.c: built-inメソッドへの引数の引き渡し方を変更して，配列の生
+	  成数を減らした．
+
+	* re.c: match-dataを毎回生成することをやめた．`$~'をアクセスした時
+	  にon-demandで生成する．
+
+	* string.c etc: 不必要なmemmoveをmemcpyに置換．
+
+	* parse.y: =~, !~は副作用があるのでコンパイル時に展開できない．
+
+Tue Jan  3 02:04:36 1995  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c: rest引数のbug fix.
+
+	* eval.c,gc.c: scopeをオブジェクトにした．
+
+	* eval.c: envとscopeの扱いを変更した．
+
+Wed Dec 28 09:46:57 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: evalでローカル変数が追加された場合に対応した．
+
+	* parse.y: 演算子を含むaliasのbug fix.
+
+Tue Dec 27 16:45:20 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: def A Bをalias A Bに変更．
+
+	* eval.c: alias関係のbug修正．nodeをオブジェクト化した時にenbugし
+	  たようだ．
+
+	* signal.c: システムコールの再定義を止めた．
+
+	* io.c(select): write/exceptのフラグ設定にバグ．
+
+	* Makefile.in: static link用オプションをMake変数として独立させた．
+
+Tue Dec 20 00:46:19 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* 0.63 released
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): superの呼び出しで落ちる．argc, argvの設定を忘れ
+	  ていた．
+
+	* parse.y(read_escape): 展開エラー．
+
+	* variable.c: 定義済みの変数のhookを変更しないように．
+
+Mon Dec 19 12:01:10 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y(cond): 条件式に代入式が置かれた場合，`-v'オプションで警
+	  告が出るように．
+
+	* parse.y(**): 冪乗演算子`**'の優先順位を単項演算子より高くした．
+
+	* parse.y(and,or): 優先順位の低い演算子`and', `or'.
+
+	* 0.62 released.
+
+	* eval.c: 不必要になったPUSH_ENV, POP_ENVを減らした．
+
+	* env.h: ENVIONからselfをはずした．PUSH_ENVはsuperの準備のためだけ
+	  に用いることにした．
+
+	* eval.c: 下記のオブジェクト化で遅くなった実行速度をもとに戻した．
+
+Mon Dec 17 23:01:10 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* eval.c: env.{argv,argc}とscope.local_varsのオブジェクト化．
+
+	* eval.c: 1スコープ内で複数Blockを生成したときのバグを修正．
+
+Fri Dec 16 15:52:06 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* parse.y: `&&'と`||'の両辺はいつでも条件式とした．
+
+Thu Dec 15 00:16:04 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@dyna)
+
+	* eval.c(Block): Blockオブジェクトを実現．
+
+	* node.h: NODE_QLISTはなくなった．
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): 引数への代入を名前で一つずつ代入するのをやめて，
+	  一度にコピーするようにした．
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): rubyで記述されたメソッドへの引数渡しをinline化．
+
+	* eval.c: イテレータ判定処理の全面書き換え．不適切なイテレータ呼び
+	  出しをなくした．例えば「[foo(),bar()]{i|baz(i)}」でfooもbarもイ
+	  テレータとして呼び出され*ない*．
+
+	* eval.c(rb_call): SCOPE処理をinline化．メソッド呼び出しの若干の高
+	  速化．
+
+Wed Dec 14 18:09:33 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* node.h: nodeもオブジェクトにする．よってGCで回収される．
+
+Thu Dec  8 14:17:29 1994  Yukihiro Matsumoto  (matz@ix-02)
+
+	* 0.60 released - alpha test baseline.
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog-1.8.0 b/doc/ChangeLog-1.8.0
index e16c7f4f20..6d9453d011 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog-1.8.0
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog-1.8.0
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Sun Aug  3 23:56:50 2003  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Sun Aug  3 22:07:47 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkentry.rb: support 'validatecommand' option of 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tkentry.rb: support 'validatecommand' option of
 	  TkEntry/TkSpinbox widget
 
 	* ext/tk/sample/{demos-en,demos-jp}/spin.rb: add
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Sun Aug  3 18:03:44 2003  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Sun Aug  3 08:53:06 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
-	* ext/tk/sample/{demos-en,demos-jp}/image3.rb: add 
+	* ext/tk/sample/{demos-en,demos-jp}/image3.rb: add
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tkcanvas.rb: bug fix on Tk object ID management
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Sat Aug  2 23:51:52 2003  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Sat Aug  2 09:58:13 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: bug fix --- TkGrid failed to treat 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: bug fix --- TkGrid failed to treat
 	  RELATIVE PLACEMENT
 
 	* ext/tk/sample/demos-en/, demos-jp/: add or modify some
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ Sat Aug  2 14:02:39 2003  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Sat Aug  2 09:58:13 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: bug fix --- forgot to entry a widget class 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: bug fix --- forgot to entry a widget class
 	  name of 'labelframe' widget
 
 	* ext/tk/sample/{demos-en,demos-jp}/{labelframe.rb,paned1.rb,
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ Fri Aug  1 09:54:38 2003  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Fri Aug  1 04:58:55 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: bug fix --- forget to eval given block to 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: bug fix --- forget to eval given block to
 	  TkRoot.new method
 
 	* ext/tk/sample/tkoptdb-safeTk.rb: new sample script
@@ -255,13 +255,13 @@ Thu Jul 31 23:44:00 2003  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
 
 Thu Jul 31 23:04:45 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
-	* ext/tk/sample/resource.en, ext/tk/sample/resource.jp: 
+	* ext/tk/sample/resource.en, ext/tk/sample/resource.jp:
 	  wrong resource file format
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add Tk::Encoding.{encoding_convertfrom, 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add Tk::Encoding.{encoding_convertfrom,
 	  encoding_convertto}
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add TkOptionDB.read_with_encoding to read 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add TkOptionDB.read_with_encoding to read
 	  non-utf8 resource file
 
 Thu Jul 31 23:02:47 2003  NAKAMURA Usaku <usa@ruby-lang.org>
@@ -274,15 +274,15 @@ Thu Jul 31 20:52:40 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: (IMPORTANT BUG FIX) scan of event keywords
 	  doesn't work on recent versions of Tck/Tk
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: initialize error of instance variable on 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: initialize error of instance variable on
 	  TkComposite
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: initialize error on encoding-system on 
+	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: initialize error on encoding-system on
 	  MultiTkIp
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: trouble on destroying widgets
 
-	* ext/tk/sample/demos-en/, demos-jp/: add JP and EN version of 
+	* ext/tk/sample/demos-en/, demos-jp/: add JP and EN version of
 	  Ruby/Tk widget demos
 
 Thu Jul 31 15:25:12 2003  NAKAMURA Usaku <usa@ruby-lang.org>
@@ -311,13 +311,13 @@ Thu Jul 31 08:18:00 2003  Nathaniel Talbott  <ntalbott@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Thu Jul 31 07:59:18 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: wrap the command-proc of TkScale --- pass 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: wrap the command-proc of TkScale --- pass
 	  the numeric object to the proc
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: better support for widgets created on 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: better support for widgets created on
 	  Tk interpreter (without Ruby)
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: a little more stable on Multiple Tk 
+	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: a little more stable on Multiple Tk
 	  interpreters running
 
 Thu Jul 31 00:17:19 2003  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
@@ -411,17 +411,17 @@ Wed Jul 30 07:23:14 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tkentry.rb: fix lack of methods for TkEntry
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb, ext/tk/lib/tk.rb, 
-	  ext/tk/lib/tkdialog.rb, ext/tk/lib/tkentry.rb, 
+	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb, ext/tk/lib/tk.rb,
+	  ext/tk/lib/tkdialog.rb, ext/tk/lib/tkentry.rb,
 	  ext/tk/sample/safe-tk.rb, ext/tk/sample/tktimer2.rb: bug fix
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: MultiTkIp.new_* accept a block to 
+	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: MultiTkIp.new_* accept a block to
 	  eval under the new interpreter
 
 Wed Jul 30 04:36:30 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
-	* ext/tcltklib/tcltklib.c, 
-	  ext/tk/lib/tk.rb, ext/tk/lib/tkafter.rb: additional check of 
+	* ext/tcltklib/tcltklib.c,
+	  ext/tk/lib/tk.rb, ext/tk/lib/tkafter.rb: additional check of
 	  Tk interpreters' status for a little more safety
 
 Wed Jul 30 02:37:12 2003  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
@@ -514,14 +514,14 @@ Mon Jul 28 22:57:52 2003  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Tue Jul 29 16:20:36 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
-	* ext/tcltklib/tcltklib.c: bug fix and 
+	* ext/tcltklib/tcltklib.c: bug fix and
 	  change mainloop_abort_on_no_widget_cmd => mainloop_abort_on_exception
 	  ( to avoid thread timing trouble on accessing destroyed widgets )
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: change default mode of 
+	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: change default mode of
 	  mainloop_abort_on_exception on multi-tk.rb
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: fix a bug of the procedure for 
+	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: fix a bug of the procedure for
 	  'Delete' button on the safe-Tk frmae
 
 Tue Jul 29 12:22:28 2003  why the lucky stiff  <ruby-cvs@whytheluckystiff.net>
@@ -541,8 +541,8 @@ Tue Jul 29 12:15:37 2003  NAKAMURA Usaku <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Tue Jul 29 08:05:30 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb, ext/tk/lib/tkdialog.rb, ext/tk/lib/tktext.rb, 
-	  ext/tk/sample/tkbiff.rb, ext/tk/sample/tkdialog.rb, 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb, ext/tk/lib/tkdialog.rb, ext/tk/lib/tktext.rb,
+	  ext/tk/sample/tkbiff.rb, ext/tk/sample/tkdialog.rb,
 	  ext/tk/sample/tkform.rb: bug fix ( tested with Ruby/Tk widget demo )
 
 Tue Jul 29 04:22:08 2003  why the lucky stiff  <ruby-cvs@whytheluckystiff.net>
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ Tue Jul 29 01:24:32 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: bug fix and pack options are pssed
 	  to the safeTk container
 
-	* ext/tk/sample/safe-tk.rb: add example for pack options of 
+	* ext/tk/sample/safe-tk.rb: add example for pack options of
 	  safeTk container
 
 Mon Jul 28 23:23:08 2003  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu.nokada@softhome.net>
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ Sun Jul 27 19:35:06 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 	* ext/tcltklib/tcltklib.c: add some methods to support
 	  multiple interpreters (low level)
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: new library to support multiple Tk 
+	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: new library to support multiple Tk
 	  interpreters (high level)
 
 	* ext/tcltklib/demo/safeTk.rb: new sample of safeTk interpreter
@@ -732,12 +732,12 @@ Fri Jul 26 00:04:25 2003  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nakahiro@sarion.co.jp>
 
 Fri Jul 25 16:43:03 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
-	* ext/tcltklib/tcltklib.c: add TclTkIp#create_slave, 
+	* ext/tcltklib/tcltklib.c: add TclTkIp#create_slave,
 	  TclTkIp#_make_safe and TclTkIp#safe?
 
 	* ext/tcltklib/MANUAL.euc: modify descriptions
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: bug fix [ruby-talk:76980] and modify to 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: bug fix [ruby-talk:76980] and modify to
 	  support multi Tk IPs
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tkafter.rb: modify to support multi Tk IPs
@@ -747,10 +747,10 @@ Fri Jul 25 15:47:39 2003  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
 	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: add check for BN_rand_range() and
 	  BN_pseudo_rand_range().
 
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c (ossl_bn_s_rand_range): should raise 
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c (ossl_bn_s_rand_range): should raise
 	  NotImplementedError if BN_rand_range() wan not defined.
 
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c (ossl_bn_s_pseudo_rand_range): should raise 
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c (ossl_bn_s_pseudo_rand_range): should raise
 	  NotImplementedError if BN_pseudo_rand_range() wan not defined.
 
 	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c (ossl_pkcs7_s_encrypt): avoid compiler
@@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ Thu Jul 17 13:42:53 2003  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Thu Jul 17 06:40:28 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: recover and fix typo : Tk.chooseDirectory 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: recover and fix typo : Tk.chooseDirectory
 	  (Tk8.4 feature)
 
 Wed Jul 16 16:23:58 2003  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
@@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ Tue Jul 15 14:38:21 2003  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Tue Jul 15 03:30:41 2003  why the lucky stiff  <ruby-cvs@whytheluckystiff.net>
 
-	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (syck_mark_emitter): forgot to rb_gc_mark the 
+	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (syck_mark_emitter): forgot to rb_gc_mark the
 	  outgoing IO object.
 
 Sun Jul 13 14:55:36 2003  Koji Arai  <jca02266@nifty.ne.jp>
@@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@ Fri Jul 11 16:09:09 2003  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Fri Jul 11 07:17:47 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: not create a Tcl/Tk interpreter if already 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: not create a Tcl/Tk interpreter if already
 	  defined TkCore::INTERP
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: bugfix on TkWindow#configure
@@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ Thu Jul  3 14:22:46 2003  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Thu Jul  3 12:13:05 2003  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (VPATH): convert from Windows form to Unix form on 
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (VPATH): convert from Windows form to Unix form on
 	  MinGW.  This fixes the build with GNU make 3.80-1 for Cygwin.
 
 Wed Jul  2 23:27:34 2003  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
@@ -1454,16 +1454,16 @@ Fri Jun 27 03:24:54 2003  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu.nokada@softhome.net>
 Thu Jun 26 21:34:49 2003  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu.nokada@softhome.net>
 
 	* class.c (class_instance_method_list): get rid of warning about
-	  arguement type mismatch, and inline method_list().
+	  argument type mismatch, and inline method_list().
 	  [ruby-core:01198]
 
 Wed Jun 25 14:40:33 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add and modify methods --- 
-	  TkWidget.database_class, TkWidget.database_classname, 
-          TkWidget#database_class, TkWidget#database_classname 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add and modify methods ---
+	  TkWidget.database_class, TkWidget.database_classname,
+          TkWidget#database_class, TkWidget#database_classname
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: instances of a subclass of TkToplevel or 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: instances of a subclass of TkToplevel or
 	  TkFrame are created with ":class=>subclass" option as default.
 
 	* ext/tk/sample/tkoptdb.rb: add a new part
@@ -1478,7 +1478,7 @@ Wed Jun 25 05:49:10 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add widget destroy hook binding to TkBindTag::ALL
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkcanvas.rb: Although requiring manual control of GC, 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tkcanvas.rb: Although requiring manual control of GC,
 	  memory eating problem of TkCanvas Items is fixed.
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tktext.rb: add some methods and bug fix
@@ -1493,10 +1493,10 @@ Tue Jun 24 16:46:07 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: bug fix on TkToplevel, TkFrame,
 	  TkPanedwindow, TkOptionDB
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: TkOptionDB --- make it more secure to use procs 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: TkOptionDB --- make it more secure to use procs
 	  defined on resourceDB
 
-	* ext/tk/sample/tkoptdb.rb, resource.ja, resource.en: 
+	* ext/tk/sample/tkoptdb.rb, resource.ja, resource.en:
 	  sample script how to use TkOptionDB.
 
 Tue Jun 24 14:22:41 2003  why the lucky stiff  <ruby-cvs@whytheluckystiff.net>
@@ -1610,14 +1610,14 @@ Sun Jun 22 23:42:20 2003  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu.nokada@softhome.net>
 
 Sun Jun 22 16:17:02 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: TkRoot.new and TkToplevel.new accept Wm 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: TkRoot.new and TkToplevel.new accept Wm
 	  commands as elements
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: TkMenu --- add some methods
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: TkOptionMenubutton --- bug fix
 
-	* ext/tk/sample/tkmenubutton.rb: sample of TkMenubutton and 
+	* ext/tk/sample/tkmenubutton.rb: sample of TkMenubutton and
 	  TkOptionMenubutton
 
 Sat Jun 21 23:15:08 2003  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
@@ -1625,7 +1625,7 @@ Sat Jun 21 23:15:08 2003  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 	* eval.c (proc_invoke): should not propagate distination tag if
 	  tag is already handled in this level. (ruby-bugs-ja PR#501)
 
-	* object.c (str_to_id): check for empty string before intern. 
+	* object.c (str_to_id): check for empty string before intern.
 	  [ruby-talk:74006]
 
 Sat Jun 21 13:56:09 2003  Takaaki Uematsu  <uema2x@jcom.home.ne.jp>
@@ -1636,10 +1636,10 @@ Sat Jun 21 13:56:09 2003  Takaaki Uematsu  <uema2x@jcom.home.ne.jp>
 
 Sat Jun 21 12:55:17 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: TkRoot.new and TkToplevel.new accept Wm commands 
-	  as elements of a hash argument. 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: TkRoot.new and TkToplevel.new accept Wm commands
+	  as elements of a hash argument.
 
-	* ext/tk/sample/tktimer2.rb: add comments about the usage of a 
+	* ext/tk/sample/tktimer2.rb: add comments about the usage of a
 	  TkTimer object.
 
 Sat Jun 21 08:47:22 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
@@ -1647,10 +1647,10 @@ Sat Jun 21 08:47:22 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk*.rb: remove direct-accesses to TkComm::INTERP and
 	  TkComm::INITIALIZE_TARGETS
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk*.rb: use TkINTERP_SETUP_SCRIPTS constant for setting 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk*.rb: use TkINTERP_SETUP_SCRIPTS constant for setting
 	  up the interpreter
 
-	* ext/tcltklib/tcltklib.c: support to create a safe interpreter 
+	* ext/tcltklib/tcltklib.c: support to create a safe interpreter
 	  with safe-Tk
 
 Fri Jun 20 23:28:27 2003  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
@@ -1660,7 +1660,7 @@ Fri Jun 20 23:28:27 2003  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Fri Jun 20 15:04:28 2003  NAKAMURA Usaku <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* defines.h (PATH_ENV): name of PATH environment. [new]. 
+	* defines.h (PATH_ENV): name of PATH environment. [new].
 
 	* defines.h (ENV_IGNORECASE): define for case insensitive platforms
 	  to access environment variables.
@@ -1678,7 +1678,7 @@ Fri Jun 20 14:52:46 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
 Fri Jun 20 03:09:21 2003  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* parse.y (new_yield): distinguish "yield 1,2" and "yield [1,2]". 
+	* parse.y (new_yield): distinguish "yield 1,2" and "yield [1,2]".
 	  [ruby-dev:20360]
 
 	* eval.c (rb_eval): support new_yield() change.
@@ -1688,7 +1688,7 @@ Fri Jun 20 03:09:21 2003  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 	  [ruby-list:36935]
 
 	* parse.y (no_blockarg): separate no block argument check and
-	  ret_args argument processing. 
+	  ret_args argument processing.
 
 Fri Jun 20 00:45:19 2003  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
 
@@ -1696,9 +1696,9 @@ Fri Jun 20 00:45:19 2003  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Thu Jun 19 22:51:41 2003  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
 
-	* lib/drb.rb, lib/drb/drb.rb, lib/drb/eq.rb, 
-	  lib/drb/extserv.rb, lib/drb/extservm.rb, lib/drb/gw.rb, 
-	  lib/drb/invokemethod.rb, lib/drb/observer.rb, 
+	* lib/drb.rb, lib/drb/drb.rb, lib/drb/eq.rb,
+	  lib/drb/extserv.rb, lib/drb/extservm.rb, lib/drb/gw.rb,
+	  lib/drb/invokemethod.rb, lib/drb/observer.rb,
 	  lib/drb/timeridconv.rb, lib/drb/unix.rb: import drb-2.0.4b3
 
 Thu Jun 19 16:14:43 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
@@ -1710,17 +1710,17 @@ Thu Jun 19 16:14:43 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
 	* ext/tcltklib/tcltklib.c: add TclTkLib::EventFlag::NONE ( == 0 )
 
-	* ext/tcltklib/tcltklib.c: add set_no_event_wait() and 
+	* ext/tcltklib/tcltklib.c: add set_no_event_wait() and
 	  get_no_event_wait()
 
 	* ext/tcltklib/MANUAL.euc: modify
 
 	* ext/tcltklib/README.euc: ditto
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: change default value of TkCore.do_one_event 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: change default value of TkCore.do_one_event
 	  argument
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add TkCore.set_no_event_wait(wait) and 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add TkCore.set_no_event_wait(wait) and
 	  TkCore.get_no_event_wait
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add Tk.exit ( == destroy root widget )
@@ -1730,7 +1730,7 @@ Thu Jun 19 16:14:43 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tkafter.rb: set_callback returns self
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkafter.rb: continue() raises an exception, if already 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tkafter.rb: continue() raises an exception, if already
 	  running or no procedure.
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tkafter.rb: skip() raises an exception, if not running.
@@ -1768,15 +1768,15 @@ Wed Jun 18 19:46:21 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: rename 'no_create' option to 'without_creating'
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add TkWindow#pack_in, TkWindow#grid_in, 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add TkWindow#pack_in, TkWindow#grid_in,
 	  TkWindow#place_in
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add TkWindow#bind_class and TkWindow#database_class
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add TkBindTag.new_by_name and TkDatabaseClass 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add TkBindTag.new_by_name and TkDatabaseClass
 	  for binding to database class
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: check varname whether already exsist or not. 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: check varname whether already exsist or not.
 	  (TkVarAccess.new)
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: TkTextWin#bbox returns an array of four numbers
@@ -1788,21 +1788,21 @@ Wed Jun 18 19:46:21 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: TkBindTag.new accepts a block
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: If given taglist, TkWindow#bindtags(taglist) 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: If given taglist, TkWindow#bindtags(taglist)
 	  returns taglist
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add TkWindow#bindtags=(taglist)
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: Tk.focue and Tk.focus_lastfor return nil 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: Tk.focue and Tk.focus_lastfor return nil
 	  if there is no target widget.
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: Tk::Wm.client returns the argument string 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: Tk::Wm.client returns the argument string
 	  when setting name
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: TkGrid.columnconfiginfo and rowconfiginfo 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: TkGrid.columnconfiginfo and rowconfiginfo
 	  given a slot return a number.
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: TkWindow.grid_columnconfiginfo and 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: TkWindow.grid_columnconfiginfo and
 	  grid_rowconfiginfo --- ditto
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: rename and define alias :: TkOption ==> TkOptionDB
@@ -1813,10 +1813,10 @@ Wed Jun 18 19:46:21 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: some TkComm methods change to module functions
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add support for -displayof option to some 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add support for -displayof option to some
 	  TkWinfo methods
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: bind, bind_append and bind_remove --- 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: bind, bind_append and bind_remove ---
 	  returns the target of event-binding
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add Tk8.4 features
@@ -1837,7 +1837,7 @@ Wed Jun 18 19:46:21 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tkentry.rb: TkEntry#bbox returns an array of four numbers
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkentry.rb: scan validatecommand arguments and 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tkentry.rb: scan validatecommand arguments and
 	  convert to proper type
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tkbgerror.rb: support to define a error handler by user
@@ -1932,7 +1932,7 @@ Fri Jun 13 09:24:39 2003  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
 Thu Jun 12 22:13:13 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb : add 'no_create' option to widget
-	  initialize method. 
+	  initialize method.
 
 	* ext/tk/MANIFEST : forgot to commit when added tkmacpkg.rb
 	  and tkwinpkg.rb
@@ -1947,7 +1947,7 @@ Thu Jun 12 21:14:11 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 	* ext/tk/lib/tkmacpkg.rb : Mac resource (not new but not
 	  included until now)
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkwinpkg.rb : Win DDE and registry (not new but not 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tkwinpkg.rb : Win DDE and registry (not new but not
 	  included until now)
 
 Tue Jun 10 14:26:30 2003  why the lucky stiff  <ruby-cvs@whytheluckystiff.net>
@@ -3361,7 +3361,7 @@ Fri Apr 11 02:41:35 2003  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu.nokada@softhome.net>
 
 Thu Apr 10 21:12:19 2003  Minero Aoki  <aamine@loveruby.net>
 
-	* lib/net/pop.rb: Exception line was accidentaly removed.
+	* lib/net/pop.rb: Exception line was accidentally removed.
 	  [ruby-dev:19989]
 
 Thu Apr 10 18:42:13 2003  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
@@ -5986,7 +5986,7 @@ Thu Nov  7 09:51:37 2002  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu.nokada@softhome.net>
 Wed Nov  6 16:57:06 2002  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* class.c (rb_define_method): do not set NOEX_CFUNC if klass is
-	  really a module, whose methods must be safe for reciever's type.
+	  really a module, whose methods must be safe for receiver's type.
 
 	* eval.c (rb_eval): nosuper should not be inherited unless the
 	  overwritten method is an undef placeholder.
@@ -8346,7 +8346,7 @@ Tue Jun  4 07:03:33 2002  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tkfont.rb:  Fix bugs on TkFont.init_widget_font for Tk8.x.
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkafter.rb: Add self to 1st argument of interval- 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tkafter.rb: Add self to 1st argument of interval-
 	  and loop-proc
 	  TkAfter#current_interval returns an interval (sleep) time value
 	  TkAfter#current_args returns an array of arguments
@@ -8354,7 +8354,7 @@ Tue Jun  4 07:03:33 2002  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk*.rb: Allow to use Symbols for parameters.
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkcanvas.rb: (TkcItem) Add 'coords' parameter to the 
+	* ext/tk/lib/tkcanvas.rb: (TkcItem) Add 'coords' parameter to the
 	  canvas item constructor (for new notation of constructor).
 
 	* ext/tcltklib/tcltklib.c: New 'mainloop' and 'mainloop_watchdog'.
@@ -8363,7 +8363,7 @@ Tue Jun  4 07:03:33 2002  Hidetoshi NAGAI <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 	  'use' parameter.
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: Add new parameter 'widgetname' to the widget
-	  constructor to support effective use of Resource Database. 
+	  constructor to support effective use of Resource Database.
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: TkOption::get always returns a tainted string.
 
@@ -13020,7 +13020,7 @@ Tue Jun 12 00:41:18 2001  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Mon Jun 11 14:29:41 2001  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* confgure.in: add RUBY_CANONICAL_BUILD.
+	* configure.in: add RUBY_CANONICAL_BUILD.
 
 Sun Jun 10 17:31:47 2001  Guy Decoux  <decoux@moulon.inra.fr>
 
@@ -13763,7 +13763,7 @@ Tue Apr 17 17:33:55 2001  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (handle_rescue): use === to compare exception match.
 
-	* error.c (syserr_eqq): comparison between SytemCallErrors should
+	* error.c (syserr_eqq): comparison between SystemCallErrors should
 	  based on their error numbers.
 
 Tue Apr 17 16:54:39 2001  K.Kosako  <kosako@sofnec.co.jp>
@@ -21236,7 +21236,7 @@ Sun Jan  3 01:37:58 1999  Takao KAWAMURA  <kawamura@ike.tottori-u.ac.jp>
 Sat Jan  2 17:09:06 1999  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@netlab.co.jp>
 
 	* eval.c (rb_jump_tag): new api to invoke JUMP_TAG.  tag values
-	  can obtained from rb_eval_string_protect()/rb_load_protect().
+	  can be obtained from rb_eval_string_protect()/rb_load_protect().
 
 	* eval.c (rb_rescue): now catches all exceptions but SystemExit.
 
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog-1.9.3 b/doc/ChangeLog-1.9.3
index d440e76965..d6aaea7f19 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog-1.9.3
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog-1.9.3
@@ -1,3 +1,12154 @@
+Sun Jul 10 22:50:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (rmpd_power_by_big_decimal): fix
+	  precision treatment errors.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb: add tests for the above change.
+	  fix precision treatment errors.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_power): precision argument
+	  should be optional for its compatibility.
+
+Sun Jul 10 22:38:09 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (var_ref): distinguish vcall from local variable
+	  references.  based on a patch by Michael Edgar michael.j.edgar
+	  AT dartmouth.edu.  Bug #5002
+
+Sun Jul 10 21:51:29 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* internal.h: add comments (cautions).
+
+Sun Jul 10 20:59:38 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: Add new class variable `@@testfile_prefix`.
+	  This is for changing test name prefix. (For testing)
+
+	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_first.rb: Renamed from
+	  test_first.rb
+
+	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_second.rb: Renamed from
+	  test_second.rb
+
+	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_third.rb: Renamed from
+	  test_third.rb
+
+	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_forth.rb: Renamed from
+	  test_forth.rb
+
+	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/runner.rb: Remove misc.rb
+
+	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_first.rb: ditto.
+
+	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_second.rb: ditto.
+
+	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_third.rb: ditto.
+
+	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_forth.rb: ditto.
+
+	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/misc.rb: Removed because no longer
+	  needed.
+
+	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb: Fix assertions for above.
+
+Sun Jul 10 16:57:08 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_throw): check a class frame.
+	  Fixes Bug #4648.
+	  The patch is contributed by Kazuki Tsujimoto.
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_proc.rb: add tests for above.
+
+Sun Jul 10 17:28:01 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (mutex_debug): use exit(EXIT_FAILURE) instead of
+	  exit(1).
+	* thread_pthread.c (add_signal_thread_list): ditto.
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_call_with_gvl): ditto.
+	* util.c (Bug): ditto.
+
+Sun Jul 10 15:58:12 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json: Merge json gem 1.5.4+ (f7f78896607b6f6226cd).
+	  [Bug #4700]
+
+Sun Jul 10 16:41:32 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_core.h (typedef struct rb_vm_struct): create a new
+	  'inhibit_thread_creation' field.
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_terminate_all): set inhibit_thread_creation.
+	* thread.c (thread_s_new): don't permit to create new thread
+	  if the VM is under destruction. Otherwise evil finalizer code
+	  can make SEGV. [Bug #4992][ruby-core:37858]
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_objectspace.rb: new test for this fix.
+
+Sun Jul 10 16:06:16 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* signal.c (sigsegv): use abort() instead of exit() when nested
+	  SEGV was happen. Because unnested SEGV use abort().
+	  [Bug #5013][ruby-dev:44078]
+
+Sun Jul 10 15:30:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* load.c (rb_f_autoload): prevent to autoload for singleton
+	  classes.  fixes [Bug #4886] [ruby-dev:43816]
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_autoload.rb: add tests for the above change.
+
+Sun Jul 10 15:09:17 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb: Import documentation patch by Justin
+	  Collins. [ruby-core:37225] [Feature #4903]
+
+Sun Jul 10 14:57:36 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: canonicalizes nth and sf.
+
+Sun Jul 10 14:13:50 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* internal.h (rb_thread_call_with_gvl, rb_thread_call_without_gvl):
+	  make them visible as experimental C APIs.  fixes Feature #4328.
+
+Sun Jul 10 12:18:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_power): support non-integral
+	  exponent.  fixes [Bug #3271]
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (rmpd_power_by_big_decimal): ditto.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_power_op): add a function to
+	  only use for "**" operator.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb: add a bunch of tests for the
+	  above changes.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (is_integer): add an utility function.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (is_negative): ditto.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (is_positive): ditto.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (is_zero): ditto.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (is_one): ditto.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (is_even): ditto.
+
+Sun Jul 10 12:08:39 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* compile.c (when_vals): when a string literal is written on when
+	  clause, skip string creation to make it faster.  [ruby-dev:44068]
+	  [Feature #5000]
+
+Sun Jul 10 11:35:29 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* parse.y (reduce_nodes_gen): NODE_RETURN in rescue body must not be
+	  reduced when there is an else clause.  This caused bizarre behavior
+	  in [Bug #4473] [ruby-core:35629] [ruby-core:37884].
+
+Sun Jul 10 09:46:14 2011  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lnag.org>
+
+	* range.c (range_max): fix behavior with excluded end value.
+	  [Bug #4591]
+
+Sun Jul 10 09:13:18 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* NEWS:  Fix RubyGems version.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #5004]
+
+Sat Jul  9 20:01:59 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* internal.h: rb_rational_reciprocal is defined in rational.c.
+
+Sat Jul  9 19:48:31 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* internal.h: added declarations.
+	* complex.c: followed the above change.
+
+Sat Jul  9 17:24:41 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* NEWS: bigdecimal is not a builtin.
+
+Sat Jul  9 17:17:53 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: some improvements for performance.
+
+Sat Jul  9 16:56:01 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* atomic.h (ATOMIC_OR): _InterlockedOr is unavailable in VC6.
+
+	* numeric.c (ULLONG_MAX): fallback definition.
+
+Sat Jul  9 15:59:19 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_{read,write}): should be signed.
+	  Bug #5001
+
+Sat Jul  9 14:02:20 2011  Takeyuki FUJIOKA  <xibbar@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/cgi/core.rb: fix multipart form parsing bug. [Bug #3866]
+
+Sat Jul  9 11:41:03 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Add Vector#normalize [ruby-dev:43829]
+
+Sat Jul  9 09:25:06 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* enumerator.c:  Remove "enumeration sequenced by".
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4757]
+
+Sat Jul  9 09:14:56 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* io.c:  Note that methods other than IO#gets may increase IO#lineno.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4902]
+
+Sat Jul  9 08:39:39 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (RUN_OPT): disable gems.
+
+Sat Jul  9 08:37:05 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_close): close(2) on a fd which is being read by
+	  another thread causes deadlock on Mac OS X 10.5
+
+Fri Jul  8 21:20:39 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c: use USE_ELF instead of __ELF__ because Solaris
+	  doesn't define it. USE_ELF is already provided by configure.
+	  patched by Naohisa Goto. [ruby-dev:44066] [Bug #4998]
+
+	* addr2line.h: ditto.
+
+	* vm_dump.c: ditto.
+
+Fri Jul  8 16:40:38 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json/parser/parser.rl (convert_encoding): should not modify
+	  the argument.
+
+	* ext/json/parser/parser.rl (convert_encoding): no needs to use
+	  force_encoding.
+
+Fri Jul  8 15:53:31 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (rb_bug): get rid of segfault after all threads
+	  disposed.
+
+Fri Jul  8 15:01:06 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.h: include openssl/e_os2.h before checking the
+	  definition of OPENSSL_SYS_WIN32.
+
+Fri Jul  8 14:40:39 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (wunlink): reverted a part of r32426. it was mistakenly
+	  mixed.
+
+Fri Jul  8 14:29:47 2011  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: can't subtract void *.
+
+Fri Jul  8 14:33:26 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (config.h): define GC_MARK_STACKFRAME_WORD.
+	  fixed build problem of r32438.  the value (30) is temporary value.
+	  maybe it's enough by 20~24 according to my observation.
+
+Fri Jul  8 13:47:39 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_mutex_unlock_all): folded into
+	  rb_threadptr_unlock_all_locking_mutexes.
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_unlock_all_locking_mutexes) ditto.
+
+Fri Jul  8 13:36:02 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_unlock_all_locking_mutexes): rename to
+	  rb_threadptr_unlock_all_locking_mutexes and remove static.
+	* vm_core.h: add rb_threadptr_unlock_all_locking_mutexes declaration.
+	* thread.c (thread_start_func_2): adjust the above rename.
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): call rb_threadptr_unlock_all_locking_mutexes
+	  again after finalizer. [Bug #4988] [ruby-dev:44049]
+
+Fri Jul  8 13:06:09 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* cont.c (FIBER_MACHINE_STACK_ALLOCATION_SIZE): Fiber stack size
+	  don't need to keep multiple number of sizeof(VALUE).
+
+Fri Jul  8 11:39:12 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (sudo-precheck): true command is not standard on
+	  Windows.
+
+Fri Jul  8 10:39:52 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (gvl_destroy): fix cond_t leak.
+
+Fri Jul  8 09:17:59 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* gc.c:  Improve documentation
+
+Thu Jul  7 23:35:31 2011  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c: change water_mark value that may call
+	  gc_mark(lev <= GC_LEVEL_MAX) in gc_mark().
+	  In ruby_stack_check(), water_mark is a value that may call some
+	  C function. Fixes Bug #3781
+
+	* configure.in: define GC_MARK_STACKFRAME_WORD that approximate
+	  size of gc_mark() and gc_mark_children() stackframes.
+
+Thu Jul  7 17:55:05 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb (TestParallelWorker#teardown): wait
+	  the child process even if the communication pipe is broken.
+
+Thu Jul  7 15:44:42 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* encoding.c (rb_enc_set_index, rb_enc_associate_index): should
+	  check if frozen.
+
+	* parse.y (rb_intern3), ruby.c (process_options, ruby_script):
+	  defer freezing after associating encodings.
+
+Thu Jul  7 15:16:51 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_num2ull): use own switch sentence.
+	  Current implementation can't convert 18446744073709551615.
+
+Thu Jul  7 06:56:15 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cont.c (FIBER_STACK_FLAGS): workaround fix for r32420 on FreeBSD.
+
+Thu Jul  7 06:46:12 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* benchmark/driver.rb:  Add difference column to report that averages
+	  across all runs of a benchmark.  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4982]
+
+Thu Jul  7 06:19:38 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb:  Reduce requires to improve `make benchmark`.
+	  [#4962]
+	* lib/rubygems/specification.rb:  Delay initialization of rubygems
+	  until require is called.
+
+Thu Jul  7 04:31:26 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (arg): rescue_mod is in inverse order from other
+	  modifiers.  patched by michael.j.edgar AT dartmouth.edu at
+	  [ruby-core:36248].  fixed #4716.
+
+Thu Jul  7 00:40:16 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (kill): check that the process exited or not before
+	  terminating it. [Bug #4943]
+
+Wed Jul  6 23:13:19 2011  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (opt_call_args): allow trailing comma after assoc
+	  argument e.g. 'foo(bar:1,)'.  fixed #3456
+
+Wed Jul  6 22:11:12 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* test/cgi/test_cgi_header.rb(test_cgi_header_nph): Validate date in
+	  "Date:" header
+
+Wed Jul  6 21:29:33 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* cont.c (fiber_machine_stack_alloc): cleanup pointer arithmetic.
+	  "size/sizeof(VALUE)" is ugly and easy confusing.
+	* cont.c (fiber_initialize_machine_stack_context): ditto.
+
+Wed Jul  6 21:24:53 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* cont.c (fiber_machine_stack_alloc): fix mprotect misuse. A stack
+	  guard page should have PROT_NONE.
+	* cont.c (fiber_initialize_machine_stack_context):
+	  th->machine_stack_maxsize shouldn't be included guard pages size.
+	  [Bug #4983][ruby-dev:44043]
+
+Wed Jul  6 21:23:38 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* cont.c (fiber_machine_stack_alloc): use MAP_STACK if it's provided.
+
+Wed Jul  6 21:22:16 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* cont.c (fiber_machine_stack_alloc): use MAP_FAILED instead of -1.
+
+Wed Jul  6 21:21:05 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* cont.c (fiber_machine_stack_alloc): remove unnecessary cast.
+
+Wed Jul  6 18:10:13 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* test/cgi/test_cgi_header.rb(test_cgi_header_nph): Adding space after
+	  comma.
+
+	* test/cgi/test_cgi_header.rb(test_cgi_header_nph): Remove variable
+	  `now`. Suppress warning.
+
+Wed Jul  6 12:18:09 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* test/cgi/test_cgi_header.rb(test_cgi_header_nph): Fix bug depends to
+	  time. The test fails if time past 1 second in line 136-145
+
+Tue Jul  5 15:28:04 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_here_document): should dispatch heredoc_end
+	  scanner event on an empty here document.  fixed Bug#4543.
+
+Tue Jul  5 13:49:26 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* addr2line.c: fix r32407 to check HAVE_ALLOCA_H.
+
+Tue Jul  5 14:05:43 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httpauth/digestauth.rb (_authenticate):
+	  Literal texts in HTTP ABNF is case-insensitive (RFC2616 2.1),
+	  and a sample implementation in RFC2617 also ignores the case
+	  of algorithms. So now this ignores those cases.
+	  [ruby-dev:43965] [Feature #4936]
+
+	* lib/webrick/httpauth/digestauth.rb (initialize):
+	  Because of above, opera_hack is useless and removed.
+
+Tue Jul  5 01:30:01 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_sleep): cut the waiting time up to
+	  100,000,000 because Solaris cond_timedwait() return EINVAL if an
+	  argument is greater than current_time + 100,000,000.  This is
+	  considered as a kind of spurious wakeup.  The caller to native_sleep
+	  should care about spurious wakeup.
+
+Tue Jul  5 01:24:26 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* cont.c: disable FIBER_USE_NATIVE on Solaris because resuming any
+	  Fiber caused SEGV.  I haven't follow up the issue deeply, but it
+	  works when disabling the feature.
+
+Tue Jul  5 01:22:46 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* addr2line.c: include <alloca.h> to fix a build issue on Solaris.
+
+Tue Jul  5 00:49:05 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/coverage/coverage.c: resurrect r32071 + add GC guard for
+	  rb_coverages. [ruby-core:37352] [Bug #4927]
+	  [ruby-core:36539] [Feature #4796]
+
+	* test/coverage/test_coverage.rb resurrect r32071.
+
+Mon Jul  4 22:24:46 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (get_stack): For NetBSD/FreeBSD, use
+	  pthread_attr_getstack() if possible. and, remove an assumption
+	  of stack growing direction.
+
+Mon Jul  4 20:42:31 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/coverage/coverage.c: revert r32071.  The commit caused SEGV on
+	  some minor nonfree OS.  I have no means of debugging the bug.  My
+	  personal opinion is that such OS should be unsupported unless there
+	  is an active maintainer.  [ruby-core:37352]
+
+	* test/coverage/test_coverage.rb: ditto.
+
+Mon Jul  4 07:14:12 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (get_stack): the return address of get_stack
+	  must be the highest address of the current thread's stack.
+
+Mon Jul  4 06:37:22 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h, thread_pthread.c (rb_reserved_fd_p,
+	  RB_RESERVED_FD_P): added.  This C API is to limit to access
+	  fds which are used by RubyVM internal.  In this version of
+	  CRuby, return 1 if fd is communication pipe.
+	  If your application needs to close all file descriptors to
+	  present resource leak, skip internal fds using this C API.
+	  We also define a macro RB_RESERVED_FD_P(fd).  So you can write
+	    #ifndef RB_RESERVED_FD_P
+	    #define RB_RESERVED_FD_P(fd) 0
+	    #endif
+	  for Ruby 1.9.2 or previous version to write compatible extensions.
+	  See [ruby-core:37727]
+
+	* thread_win32.c (rb_reserved_fd_p): added (return 0 for any fds).
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_initialize): raise ArgumentError if given fd is reserved by Ruby.
+
+Sun Jul  3 23:43:56 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb (extmake): suppresses outputs from extconf.rb.
+	  (extmake) warns a failure in extconf.rb.
+
+Sun Jul  3 13:44:51 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (ary_reject_bang): should not remove elements which are
+	  not yielded.  [Bug #2545]
+
+Sun Jul  3 06:10:26 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (get_stack): pthread_attr_getstack() doesn't
+	  return stack start address, but stack base address. Thus,
+	  we need to add stack size for getting stack start address.
+	  And, we don't have to decrease guard size twice.
+	* thread_pthread.c (thread_start_func_1): don't use inaccurate
+	  stack start guess if native_thread_init_stack() can be used.
+	  [Bug #1813] [ruby-core:24540]
+
+Sun Jul  3 04:50:08 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (get_stack): add to a care of guard page on Mac
+	  OS X. [Bug #1813] [ruby-core:24540]
+	* signal.c (ruby_signal): SIGBUS use alternative stack too.
+	* signal.c (sigbus): On Mac, thread stack overflow makes SIGBUS
+	  instead of SIGSEGV. thus, added stackoverflow check.
+	* signal.c (default_handler): get rid of compilation warning.
+	* signal.c (Init_signal): ditto.
+
+Sat Jul 02 08:59:20 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ocsp.rb
+	* test/openssl/test_x509_cert.rb: Perform SHA-256 tests only if
+	  supported by the available OpenSSL version. Versions < 0.9.8 don't
+	  support it. [ruby-core:37724]
+
+Sat Jul  2 07:17:45 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_reject_bang, rb_ary_delete_if): rejected
+	  elements should be removed.  fixed [Bug #2545]
+
+Sat Jul  2 01:57:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* NEWS: remove a description of Kernel#respond_to? because it has
+	  been reverted at revision 28564.
+
+Sat Jul  2 00:58:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* NEWS: describe a change of multiplication of Bignum.
+
+Fri Jul  1 18:52:31 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_app_erb.rb: increase loop count. too short
+	  measurement time makes less accuracy.
+	* benchmark/bm_app_factorial.rb: ditto.
+	* benchmark/bm_app_mandelbrot.rb: ditto.
+	* benchmark/bm_app_strconcat.rb: ditto.
+
+	* benchmark/bm_io_file_create.rb: ditto.
+	* benchmark/bm_io_file_read.rb: ditto.
+	* benchmark/bm_io_file_write.rb: ditto.
+
+	* benchmark/bm_so_concatenate.rb: ditto.
+	* benchmark/bm_so_lists.rb: ditto.
+	* benchmark/bm_so_matrix.rb: ditto.
+	* benchmark/bm_so_random.rb: ditto.
+	* benchmark/bm_so_sieve.rb: ditto.
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex1.rb: ditto.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex2.rb: ditto.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm_thread_mutex3.rb: ditto.
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_block.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_const.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_ensure.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_ivar.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_length.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_neq.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_not.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_rescue.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_simplereturn.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_swap.rb: cleanup.
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_array.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_case.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_defined_method.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_eval.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_method.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_mutex.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_poly_method.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_poly_method_ov.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_proc.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_regexp.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_send.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_super.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_unif1.rb: cleanup.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_zsuper.rb: cleanup.
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm_thread_alive_check1.rb: cleanup.
+
+Fri Jul  1 15:23:00 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix: Add LUP decomposition
+
+Fri Jul  1 15:21:14 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Allow non integer exponents for Matrix#**
+
+Fri Jul  1 15:13:25 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix: Add Eigenvalue Decomposition
+
+Fri Jul  1 15:10:22 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix: Add Matrix#round
+
+Fri Jul  1 11:41:12 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (tr_trans): free heap ptr when the str is not embedded.
+	  patched by Eric Wong. [Bug #4956] [ruby-core:37708]
+
+Fri Jul  1 11:07:43 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (do_select): fix memory leak.
+	  Patch by Eric Wong. Thank you! [Bug #4953] [ruby-core:37702]
+
+Fri Jul  1 08:21:28 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_getivar): check vm state version
+	  to invalidate inline cache (ivar index).
+	  fixes Bug #4926.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_setivar): ditto.
+
+Fri Jul  1 08:03:15 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c, thread_pthread.c (WRITE_CONST): suppress warnings
+	  `ignoring return value'.
+
+Fri Jul  1 06:41:36 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_check_signal): only wake up main thread.
+
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts_common): check signal
+	  delivery if it is main thread.
+	  fixes [ruby-dev:44005] [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4950]
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_fork.rb: add a test for above.
+
+	* signal.c (rb_get_next_signal): skip if signal_buff is empty.
+	  (check signal_buff.size first)
+
+	* vm_core.h: remove unused variable rb_thread_t::exec_signal.
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_check_trap_pending): check
+	  rb_signal_buff_size() because rb_thread_t::exec_signal
+	  is no longer available.
+
+Fri Jul  1 03:28:25 2011  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (Init_class_hierarchy): should name BasicObject
+	  explicitly.
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_defined_0): should not check for
+	  superclasses as const_get.
+
+Fri Jul  1 03:24:03 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: mathn is still alive (should die soon).
+
+Thu Jun 30 23:50:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-indent-beg-re): Fix broken regular
+	  expression.  Fixes #4546
+
+Thu Jun 30 23:43:30 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c/.h: Added ossl_x509_name_sk2ary.
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c: Replaced ossl_x509_ary2k by generic macro to
+	  simplify future conversions.
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: Implement SSLSocket#client_ca.
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Add test for SSLSocket#client_ca.
+	  Thanks to Ippei Obayashi for providing the patch!
+	  [ Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4481 ] [ruby-core:35461]
+
+Thu Jun 30 22:38:58 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_defined_method.rb: added to measure performance of
+	  bmethod (method defined by define_method()).
+
+Thu Jun 30 22:17:04 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_bmethod): fix to hook call/return event
+	  for methods defined by define_method().  fixes Bug #4613.
+
+	* thread.c (call_trace_proc): Fix to skip if class is not given (0).
+	  Note that ID and Class object are passed for call/return event
+	  if the called method was defined by define_method().
+	  If you are author of tracer/profiler/debugger, this may be an
+	  important change.  You should check passed class as zero or
+	  non-zero instead of checking the event type.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test for above.
+
+Thu Jun 30 21:18:35 2011  Yutaka Kanemoto  <kanemoto@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: Add warnflags for XL/C on AIX during configure
+	  to avoid [Bug #3971]. See [ruby-core:32859]
+
+Thu Jun 30 21:16:04 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (m_ajd): refers a constant.
+
+Thu Jun 30 20:54:25 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	  * ext/io/console/io-console.gemspec: spin-off gem for 1.9.2.
+
+Thu Jun 30 20:36:23 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: trivial changes.
+
+Thu Jun 30 20:12:36 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: tests for [Bug #3422] and [Bug #3423].
+
+Thu Jun 30 20:03:39 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: modified doc.
+
+Thu Jun 30 19:09:19 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (thread_timer): ignore unknown errno.
+	  (we observed that select(2) was canceled by errno=514 on
+	  boron == Linux/Xen environment)
+
+Thu Jun 30 17:33:25 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (ObjectSpace.count_tdata_objects):
+	  Fix rdoc.  Fixes Bug #3892.
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (ObjectSpace.count_tdata_objects):
+	  Change key type if the klass of a object is zero (internal object).
+	  Read rdoc for details.
+
+	* internal.h: export rb_objspace_data_type_name().
+
+Thu Jun 30 17:25:08 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (ping_signal_thread_list, thread_timer):
+	  fix to keep polling state if there are any ping-tasks.
+
+Thu Jun 30 12:25:34 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (rb_thread_create_timer_thread): allocate
+	  machine stack for the timer thread at least 12KB.  FreeBSD 8.2
+	  AMD64 causes machine stack overflow (SIGSEGV) only with
+	  PTHREAD_STACK_MIN (maybe defined as 2KB).
+
+Thu Jun 30 09:36:37 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/weakref.rb:  Attach documentation to WeakRef and add missing
+	  documentation
+
+Thu Jun 30 09:30:14 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/yaml.rb:  Document toplevel YAML and YAML::ENGINE to describe
+	  Psych vs Syck engines.
+
+Thu Jun 30 09:21:52 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/cmath.rb:  Hide handle_no_method_error from RDoc.
+	* error.c:  Document or hide undocumented error classes.
+
+Thu Jun 30 07:49:04 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* hash.c:  Document ENV
+
+Thu Jun 30 06:37:43 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_init_loadpath_safe): ensure RUBYLIB_PREFIX stored
+	  before RUBYLIB, even if MANGLED_PATH is enabled.  fixed #1679.
+	  MANGLED_PATH is disabled by the default and will be removed
+	  completely in the future.
+
+Thu Jun 30 06:32:21 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/drb/drb.rb:  Hide deprecated toplevel DRb constants.
+
+Thu Jun 30 06:17:02 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/cmath.rb (CMath.log): second argument: b can be nil.
+
+Thu Jun 30 06:23:28 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* thread.c (ruby_thread_s_pass):  Fix typo.
+
+Thu Jun 30 06:16:53 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc:  Update to RDoc 3.8 which contains fixes for documentation
+	  in trunk.
+
+Thu Jun 30 02:53:26 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts_common): remove
+	  meaningless native_thread_yield(). It never close a race.
+
+Thu Jun 30 02:41:47 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_schedule_limits): minor optimization.
+	  eliminate machine context saving when running time is enough small.
+
+Thu Jun 30 02:28:11 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_schedule_rec): move interrupt_flag check to
+	  rb_thread_schedule().
+	  And also rename to rb_thread_schedule_limits() and remove
+	  sched_depth argument. It's no longer called recursive.
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_schedule): add to check interrupt_flag as
+	  above explained.
+
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts_rec): rename to
+	  rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts_common() and remove sched_depth
+	  argument. It's no longer called recursive.
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_sleep): adapt the renaming.
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts): ditto.
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_execute_interrupts): ditto.
+
+Thu Jun 30 01:31:33 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_s_pass): change RDoc description and remove
+	  a sample code. The actual implementation never behave as explained by
+	  an example. It's a documentation bug.
+
+Thu Jun 30 00:54:33 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_stop): change RDoc sample code. The old
+	  example is buggy and may cause deadlock. The patch is
+	  suggested by Heesob Park <phasis@gmail.com>. Thank you!
+	  [Bug #3606][ruby-core:31454]
+
+Thu Jun 30 00:49:53 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_wakeup): change RDoc sample code. The old
+	  example is buggy and may not display anything by a race.
+	  The patch is suggested by Heesob Park <phasis@gmail.com>.
+	  Thank you! [Bug #3606][ruby-core:31454]
+
+Thu Jun 30 00:43:33 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_run): change RDoc. The old example is buggy
+	  and may cause deadlock. The patch is suggested by Heesob Park
+	  <phasis@gmail.com>. Thank you! [Bug #3606][ruby-core:31454]
+
+Thu Jun 30 00:30:15 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/cmath.rb: make same exception for Math. fix [Bug #3137].
+
+Thu Jun 30 00:03:20 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/completion.rb: complement correctly string literal. fix
+	  [Bug #1145].
+
+Wed Jun 29 23:42:51 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: avoided using timev.
+	* ext/date/date_strftime.c: ditto.
+	* ext/date/date_tmx.h: ditto.
+
+Wed Jun 29 23:17:57 2011  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.h (OPENSSL_SYS_WIN32): support for mingw(msys).
+
+Wed Jun 29 23:09:14 2011  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/tk/extconf.rb (intptr_t, uintptr_t): support for the latest ActiveTcl with mingw.
+
+Wed Jun 29 22:49:10 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/cmd/help.rb: support RDoc 3.7. fix [Bug #3760].
+
+Wed Jun 29 22:04:14 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/tracer.rb: Tracer.on only if required by -r command-line option.
+	  and consider --disable-gems option.
+	* test/test_tracer.rb: add tests for it.
+
+Wed Jun 29 13:55:36 2011  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_get_0): should not look for superclasses if
+	  the second optional argument is given for #const_get().
+	  fix [Bug #3422] [Bug #3423]
+
+Wed Jun 29 12:07:27 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* math.c:  Attach documentation for Math.
+	* object.c:  Document NIL, TRUE, FALSE.
+	* io.c:  Improve grammar in ARGF comment.  Document STDIN/OUT/ERR.
+	  Document ARGF global constant.
+	* lib/rake:  Hide deprecated toplevel constants from RDoc (import from
+	  rake trunk).
+	* lib/thwait.rb:  Document ThWait.
+	* lib/mathn.rb:  Hide Math redefinition from RDoc
+	* lib/sync.rb:  Add a basic comment for Sync_m, Synchronizer_m, Sync,
+	  Synchronizer.
+	* parse.y:  Document SCRIPT_LINES__.
+	* hash.c:  Document ENV class and global constant.
+	* vm.c:  Document TOPLEVEL_BINDING.
+	* version.c:  Document RUBY_* constants.
+	* ruby.c:  Document DATA and ARGV.
+
+Wed Jun 29 10:13:12 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Matrix.zero can build rectangular matrices.
+	  Vector#r should be called #magnitude
+
+Wed Jun 29 10:11:08 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Add Matrix#diagonal?, hermitian?, normal?,
+	  orthogonal?
+	  permutation?, symmetric?, {lower|upper}triangular?, unitary?, zero?
+
+Wed Jun 29 10:09:35 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Specialize Matrix#find_index to return [row, col]
+	  and accept the same optional argument as #each
+
+Wed Jun 29 10:07:32 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Matrix#each{_with_index} can iterate over a subset
+	  of the Matrix
+
+Wed Jun 29 06:21:02 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_stop_timer_thread): skip to close
+	  communication pipe to avoid timing bug (process termination timing).
+	  The communication pipe will closed by OS.
+
+Wed Jun 29 06:09:54 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* error.c (rb_async_bug_errno): async-safe bug report function.
+	  In timer thread, signal handler should use it.
+	  The patch is contributed by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>.
+	  Refs: [ruby-core:37644] and [ruby-core:37647]
+
+	* thread_pthread.c: use rb_async_bug_errno().
+	  And replace all fprintf() to write().
+
+	* internal.h (rb_async_bug_errno): add decl. of above func.
+
+Tue Jun 28 23:46:08 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/tracer.rb: count only non-internal libraries in stack trace,
+	  ignoring custom_require.
+
+Tue Jun 28 21:44:58 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/ruby-lex.rb: recognize '\char' in ruby statement.
+
+Tue Jun 28 20:39:29 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/debug.rb (var_list): Command 'var *' did not work on 1.9(!).
+	  global_variables, local_variables, and instance_variables returns
+	  Symbols from 1.9 and need to stringify before evaling it.
+	  See #4931.
+
+Tue Jun 28 19:23:01 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* signal.c: Now, USE_TRAP_SIGMASK depend on HAVE_PTHREAD_SIGMASK.
+	  The code have already depended on pthread_sigmask since r27464.
+
+Tue Jun 28 15:09:21 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/benchmark.rb: merge eregon/benchmark.
+	  https://github.com/eregon/ruby/tree/benchmark
+	  patched by Benoit Daloze. [ruby-core:37593] [Bug #4940]
+
+	* lib/benchmark (Benchmark#bmbm): bmbm should be consistent with bm
+	  for the return value.
+
+	* test/benchmark: remove preemptive test instead of skipping
+	  I removed the preemptive test I wrote for Feature #4197.
+	  I'll add it back when the implementation will be able to satisfy it.
+
+	* lib/benchmark (Benchmark#bmbm): remove useless explicit call,
+	  #format is an alias of #to_s test/benchmark: add a test for
+	  format of long time.
+
+	* lib/benchmark: fix label width: always add 1 to ensure there is a
+	  space delimiter even with times over 100s
+	  When I asked for Feature #4197, I wanted to make delimiting spaces
+	  consistent for #bm and #bmbm.
+	  But with times over 100s, the output contains no space between the
+	  label and the first time (user).
+	  Now both ensure there is always a space, even if that means 3 spaces
+	  with times under 10s (because it is formatted as %10.6f)
+
+	* test/benchmark: let labels be a constant
+	  lib/benchmark (Benchmark#realtime): avoid creating an unused Proc
+	  lib/benchmark (Benchmark#benchmark): use ensure clause to restore
+	  STDOUT.sync, as in #bmbm
+
+Tue Jun 28 13:41:51 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_win32.c (native_stop_timer_thread): fixed commit miss of
+	  r32244.  grep sources before changing the signature of a function.
+
+Tue Jun 28 11:49:14 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (consume_communication_pipe):
+	  Make "buff" as static.  (Maybe) "buff" can be shared between
+	  any caller (any threads) because no one use the read values.
+	  "buff" (1024 byte) on stack may cause stack overflow on
+	  several environment (we found a crash on FreeBSD).
+	  And remove const value "buff_size", and define CCP_READ_BUFF_SIZE
+	  macro.
+
+Tue Jun 28 11:45:30 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rake:  Update rake to fix some bugs and hide deprecated features
+	  from RDoc.
+	* lib/rake/version.rb:  Bump version to 0.9.2.1 to distinguish it from
+	  the released version.
+	* NEWS:  ditto
+
+Tue Jun 28 11:17:28 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc:  Update to RDoc 3.7 (final)
+	* NEWS:  ditto
+
+Tue Jun 28 10:18:42 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (rb_daemon): fix wrong #endif position.
+
+Tue Jun 28 07:50:32 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* object.c (Init_Object):  Teach RDoc what Init_class_hierarchy does to
+	  hook up ri for BasicObject, Object, Module and Class.
+
+Tue Jun 28 05:03:32 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_local_aref): RDoc fix. Thread#[] example
+	  had a race. See #4480.
+
+Tue Jun 28 01:22:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigMath_s_log): move BigMath.log from
+	  bigdecimal/math.rb.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/math.rb: ditto.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb: move test for BigMath.log from
+	  test/bigdecimal/test_bigmath.rb.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigmath.rb: ditto.
+
+Tue Jun 28 01:19:52 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/ruby-lex.rb: fix [Bug #4232].
+
+Tue Jun 28 00:14:13 2011  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
+
+	* lib/drb/drb.rb: fix [Bug #4409]. add DRbServer#here?.
+
+	* test/drb/test_drb.rb: ditto.
+
+	* test/drb/drbtest.rb: ditto.
+
+	* test/drb/ut_eq.rb: ditto.
+
+Tue Jun 28 00:08:43 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/workspace.rb: fix BUG#4793.
+
+Mon Jun 27 22:06:12 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (consume_communication_pipe): don't use C99
+	  style variable length array.
+
+Mon Jun 27 22:04:27 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (consume_communication_pipe): change return
+	  type to void. caller doesn't use it.
+
+Mon Jun 27 21:29:50 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.h (rb_global_vm_lock_struct): add volatile to
+	  gvl->waiting. now thread_timer() access it w/o lock.
+
+Mon Jun 27 21:16:11 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c: s/__gvl_acquire/gvl_acquire_common/ and
+	  s/__gvl_release/gvl_release_common/.
+
+Mon Jun 27 11:41:47 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (rb_thread_create_timer_thread):
+	  the type of return value of write(2) is ssize_t.
+
+Mon Jun 27 09:57:02 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (rb_thread_create_timer_thread):
+	  Fixes missing initialization of oflags.
+
+Mon Jun 27 09:07:42 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c: Stop polling in the timer thread when there are
+	  no waiting thread.  If there are 2 or more runnable threads,
+	  the timer thread does polling.  Avoid polling makes power save
+	  for several computers (0.2W per a Ruby process, when I measured).
+	  If outside-event such as signal or Thread#kill was occurred
+	  when the timer thread does not do polling, then wake-up
+	  the timer thread using communication-pipe (the timer thread
+	  waits this communication-pipe with select(2)).
+	  The discussion about this modification can be found from the post
+	  [ruby-core:33456] and other related posts.
+	  Note that Eric Wong and KOSAKI Motohiro give us the huge
+	  contributions for this modification.  Thanks.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (rb_thread_wakeup_timer_thread): add a function.
+	  This function wakes up the timer thread using communication-pipe.
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_stop_timer_thread): add a parameter which
+	  specify closing communication-pipe or not.
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_terminate_all): do not stop timer thread here
+	  (ruby_cleanup() terminate timer thread).
+
+	* signal.c: wake up timer thread using
+	  rb_thread_wakeup_timer_thread() from signal handler.
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): use rb_thread_stop_timer_thread(1).
+
+	* process.c: use rb_thread_stop_timer_thread(0)
+	  (reuse communication-pipe).
+
+	* thread_win32.c (rb_thread_wakeup_timer_thread): add a dummy
+	  function.
+
+	* vm_core.h: add and fix decl. of functions.
+
+Mon Jun 27 08:01:19 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_parse.c: should use ALLOCA_N.
+
+Mon Jun 27 01:34:18 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/etc/test_etc.rb (TestEtc#test_get{pw,gr}nam): skip entries
+	  start with + sign, which means NIS.  these are returned in the
+	  case that passwd and group entries in /etc/nsswitch.conf are set
+	  to use "nis" explicitly on Debian.  fixed #3683
+
+Mon Jun 27 00:44:53 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (rb_parser_end_seen_p): fix documentation about return
+	  value. patched by Sho Hashimoto. [Bug #4511]
+
+Mon Jun 27 00:40:47 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_reject): add documentation that Hash#reject
+	  without block returns enumerator.
+	  patched by Michael Edgar [Bug #4847] [ruby-core:36800]
+
+Sun Jun 26 23:49:21 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* test/date/test_switch_hitter.rb: added a test.
+
+ Sun Jun 26 22:21:23 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: refactoring.
+
+Sun Jun 26 18:03:30 2011  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y: comma at the end of line is no longer allowed.
+	  A patch from Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz AT ruby-lang.org>.
+	  (fixed #3456).
+
+Sun Jun 26 13:35:35 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): change CrashReporter suggestion messages
+	  on Mac. It should be placed after "-- C level backtrace" line.
+	  Suggested by Endoh-san.
+
+	  <before>
+	  -- See Crash Report log file under ~/Library/Logs/CrashReporter or ---------
+	  -- /Library/Logs/CrashReporter, for the more detail of ---------------------
+	  -- C level backtrace information -------------------------------------------
+
+	<after>
+	  -- C level backtrace information -------------------------------------------
+
+	     See Crash Report log file under ~/Library/Logs/CrashReporter or
+	     /Library/Logs/CrashReporter, for the more detail of.
+
+Sun Jun 26 10:08:28 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_missing.h/.c: add ASN1_put_eoc if missing.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: introduce ossl_asn1_object_size and
+	  ossl_asn1_put_object to wrap functionality depending on OpenSSL
+	  version in use.
+	  Fixes	[ Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4916 ] reported by Hiroshi Nakamura.
+	  [ruby-core:37286]
+
+Sun Jun 26 01:00:15 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (date_strftime_internal): removed meaningless braces.
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (gengo): the value should be int.
+
+Sat Jun 25 23:45:30 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_superclass): avoid control frame
+	  stack overrun. currently super() in Proc created in a method
+	  defined by Module#define_method raise NoMethodError. [Bug #4881]
+	* test/ruby/test_method.rb t_super_in_proc_from_define_method):
+	  add test for it.
+
+Sat Jun 25 23:23:14 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (sleep_forever): now Kernel#sleep don't wakeup by
+	  signal handler execution. [Bug #4072]
+
+Sat Jun 25 23:14:47 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_check_signal): remove unnecessary th->status
+	  backup. fix race condition which may results unexpected main thread's
+	  status transition. see #4072
+
+Fri Jun 24 19:57:30 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httprequest.rb (setup_forwarded_info): Parsing request
+	  header failed when the request is from 2 or more Apache reverse
+	  proxies. It's said that all X-Forwarded-* headers will contain more
+	  than one (comma-separated) value if the original request already
+	  contained one of these headers.  Since we could use these values as
+	  Host header, we choose the initial(first) value. See #4922.
+
+	* test/webrick/test_httprequest.rb (test_forwarded): Test it.
+
+Fri Jun 24 17:06:33 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (proc_daemon): should not start timer thread
+	  twice.  fixed Bug#4920.
+
+Fri Jun 24 15:54:14 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_shutdown): Try to shutdown SSL
+	  connection more gracefully. Call SSL_shutdown() max 4 times until it
+	  returns 1 (success). Bi-directional SSL close has several states but
+	  SSL_shutdown() kicks only 1 transition per call. Max 4 is from
+	  mod_ssl.c of Apache httpd that says 'max 2x pending + 2x data = 4'.
+	  See #4237.
+
+Fri Jun 24 07:24:37 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rake/version.rb:  Fixed VERSION to work with tool/rbinstall.rb
+	* bin/rake:  Import bin/rake from 0.9.2
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb (install):  Rake::VERSION is now in
+	  lib/rake/version.rb.  Fixes `make install`
+
+Fri Jun 24 07:11:37 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rake: Import Rake 0.9.2
+
+Fri Jun 24 00:44:15 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (c_valid_{julian,gregorian}_p): fixed the range of month.
+
+Fri Jun 24 00:14:23 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: trivial changes on text.
+
+Thu Jun 23 22:46:57 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c: Add X509::Name#hash_old as a wrapper
+	  for X509_NAME_hash_old in OpenSSL 1.0.0. See #4805
+
+	* test/openssl/test_x509name.rb (test_hash): Make test pass with
+	  OpenSSL 1.0.0.
+
+	* NEWS: Add it.
+
+Thu Jun 23 19:30:53 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c (ossl_ssl_session_set_time): Check
+	  argument type with NUM2LONG if the arg is not a Time object.
+	  See #4919.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c (ossl_ssl_session_set_timeout): Check
+	  type with NUM2LONG. Time as an arg is not allowed. See #4919.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb (test_session_time,
+	  test_session_timeout): Test it.
+
+Wed Jun 23 13:30:30 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* signal.c(ruby_atomic_exchange): Fix definition style.
+
+Wed Jun 22 22:34:05 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_sslctx_session_new_cb): Return 0 to
+	  OpenSSL from the callback for SSL_CTX_sess_set_get_cb().
+	  Returning 0 means to OpenSSL that the session is still valid
+	  (since we created Ruby Session object) and was not freed by us with
+	  SSL_SESSION_free(). Call SSLContext#remove_session(sess) in
+	  session_get_cb block if you don't want OpenSSL to cache the session
+	  internally.
+	  This potential issue was pointed by Ippei Obayashi. See #4416.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb (test_ctx_server_session_cb): Test
+	  it.
+
+Wed Jun 22 22:21:17 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c: Respect T_BIGNUM time values. Patch by
+	  Tomoyuki Chikanaga.
+	  [ Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4919 ] [ruby-dev:43869]
+
+Wed Jun 22 21:29:25 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/socket/depend (SOCK_HEADERS): use $(top_srcdir) instead of
+	  $(topdir). sorry!
+
+Wed Jun 22 19:47:03 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cont.c (cont_capture): add volatile.
+	  On clang -O, it is needed to avoid the optimization.
+	  With this and llvm/clang's recent fix, clang 3.0 can
+	  build ruby-trunk with -O option.
+
+	* cont.c (cont_capture): use for-loop.
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_each): add volatile and use it.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_cfunc): ditto.
+
+Wed Jun 22 18:20:46 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_sslctx_session_remove_cb):
+	  OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#session_remove_cb was broken. It wrongly
+	  tried to call the session_*new*_cb callback.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb (class OpenSSL): Test it.
+
+Wed Jun 22 17:37:49 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.h: Introduced OSSL_BIO_reset macro for PEM/DER
+	  fallback scenarios.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509req.c
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509crl.c
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c: Use OSSL_BIO_reset.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12.c
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c: Replace rb_raise occurrences by
+	  ossl_raise. This automatically flushes OpenSSL's error queue.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c: Raise error if DER fallback for parsing
+	  fails.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_ec.rb
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_dsa.rb
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_rsa.rb: Add assertions that OpenSSL.errors is
+	  empty.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_rsa.rb: Remove initial OpenSSL.errors call in
+	  test_new.
+	  [ Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4885 ] [ruby-core:37134]
+
+Wed Jun 22 15:01:24 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: Use SSL_MODE_RELEASE_BUFFERS if available.
+	  Thanks, Eric Wong, for providing the patch.
+	  [ Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4672 ] [ruby-core:36127]
+
+Wed Jun 22 14:47:53 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_buffering.rb
+	* test/openssl/test_pkcs12.rb: Inherit from Test::Unit::TestCase
+	  instead of MiniTest::Unit::TestCase. [ruby-core:37275]
+
+Wed Jun 22 12:41:03 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c (ossl_ssl_session_to_der):
+	  OpenSSL::SSL::Session#to_der was broken. Fix buffer handling.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb (test_session): Test it.
+
+Wed Jun 22 12:38:52 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb: Split out SSL::Session related
+	  tests from test_ssl.rb
+
+Wed Jun 22 03:20:52 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: Fix cyclic references of
+	  objects.  Thanks to CvX for reporting the bug and a test case.
+	* test/psych/test_object.rb: test for cyclic object references.
+
+Wed Jun 22 02:39:54 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP.post_form): Do not ignore query part of
+	  the given URI to post. See #655.
+
+	* test/net/http/test_http.rb, test/net/http/utils.rb: Test it.
+
+Wed Jun 22 01:28:13 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_x509store.rb (test_set_errors): Redhat is
+	  distributing a patched version of OpenSSL that allows multiple CRL
+	  for a key (multi-crl.patch.) Make test pass on such env. See #4122,
+	  #4554.
+
+Tue Jun 21 21:50:37 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httpresponse.rb (HTTPResponse#setup_header): Close
+	  HTTP/1.1 connection when returning an IO object as response body
+	  without setting HTTPResponse#chunked to true. See #855 no.1.
+
+	* test/webrick/test_httpserver.rb: Test it.
+
+Tue Jun 21 21:27:34 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* internal.h: move rb_thread_io_blocking_region() declaration
+	  from intern.h to internal.h. It's still experimental API and
+	  need more discussion. [ruby-dev:43698]
+	* include/ruby/intern.h: ditto.
+
+	* ext/socket/rubysocket.h: include internal.h.
+	* ext/socket/depend: add internal.h dependency.
+	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: add $INCFLAGS to topdir.
+
+Tue Jun 21 20:38:47 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (datetime_s_*): canonicalize 24 o'clock.
+
+Tue Jun 21 19:46:23 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (TestThread#test_priority): enable
+	  this test again. Current GVL respect thread priority rather
+	  than past.
+
+Tue Jun 21 13:25:35 2011  TAKAO Kouji  <kouji@takao7.net>
+
+	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_getc): applied a patch in
+	  #3827 by by Akio Tajima <artonx AT yahoo.co.jp>. (see #3827)
+
+Tue Jun 21 13:16:31 2011  TAKAO Kouji  <kouji@takao7.net>
+
+	* ext/readline/extconf.rb: fixed bug, specify --disable-libedit
+	  then disable libedit, does not specify then check readline and
+	  libedit if failed checking readline. (fixes #3375)
+
+Mon Jun 20 22:52:07 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (before_exec): use sig_do_nothing instead of SIG_DFL
+	  for avoiding a race.
+	* process.c (sig_do_nothing): new function.
+
+Mon Jun 20 21:31:03 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (thread_timer): rename timeout_10ms to
+	  time_quantum. it's no longer 10ms.
+
+Mon Jun 20 18:46:02 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c, ext/openssl/lib/openssl/cipher.rb:
+	  Documentation fix by Ippei Obayashi. See #4419.
+
+Mon Jun 20 15:41:33 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/cookie.rb (WEBrick::Cookie.parse): Revert r31228.
+	  r31228 was for allowing the 'Cookie:' header which did not have no
+	  SP after ';' for separating cookie-pairs but RFC6265 requires single
+	  SP after ';' there.  We allow multiple SPs here for compatibility
+	  with older WEBrick version.
+
+	* test/webrick/test_cookie.rb: Test it.
+
+Sun Jun 19 13:31:26 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* NEWS: Introduce --hide-skip on test/unit.
+
+Sun Jun 19 10:05:16 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: Override Test::Unit::TestCase#on_parallel_worker?
+	  only when $0 == __FILE__.
+
+	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: Run Test::Unit::Worker.run only when
+	  $0 == __FILE__.
+
+Sat Jun 18 23:59:24 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (fill_cbuf): finish reading at EOF, and the readconv has
+	  been cleared by another thread while io_fillbuf() is waiting at
+	  select().  a patch in [ruby-core:37197] by Hiroshi Shirosaki
+	  <h.shirosaki AT gmail.com>.  fixed #3840
+
+Sat Jun 18 21:36:29 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c: remove GVL_DEBUG
+
+Sat Jun 18 21:32:02 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm.c, vm_core.h (rb_vm_stack_to_heap): remove const.
+	  It makes compilations warnings.
+
+Sat Jun 18 18:54:15 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c, vm_core.h (rb_vm_stack_to_heap): fix "const" place.
+
+Sat Jun 18 17:23:38 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* eval.c, hash.c, load.c, proc.c, range.c, thread.c, time.c: don't
+	  declare internal functions.
+
+	* internal.h, vm_core.h: declare internal functions.
+
+	* array.c: include internal.h.
+
+	* common.mk: update dependency for array.o.
+
+Sat Jun 18 13:39:33 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* internal.h: declarations declared in include/ruby/*.h removed.
+
+Sat Jun 18 12:42:17 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* method.h, internal.h iseq.h: declare internal functions.
+
+	* compile.c, eval.c, iseq.c, object.c, parse.y, proc.c, process.c,
+	  thread.c, vm.c, vm_eval.c, vm_insnhelper.c, vm_method.c: don't
+	  declare internal functions.
+
+	  Note that rb_method_entry_eq() is defined in vm_method.c but
+	  there was a declaration in proc.c with different const-ness.
+	  Now it is declared in method.h with same const-ness to the
+	  definition.
+
+	* object.c (rb_mod_module_exec): don't declare functions declared in
+	  include/ruby/intern.h.
+
+Sat Jun 18 12:05:08 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/backward/classext.h: for evil gems.  fixed #4803
+
+Sat Jun 18 11:12:13 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* common.mk: update dependencies.
+
+Sat Jun 18 11:09:03 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* io.c: suppress warnings.
+
+Sat Jun 18 10:22:39 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* internal.h: declare more internal functions.
+
+	* iseq.h (rb_method_get_iseq): declared.
+
+	* compile.c, eval.c, eval_error.c, iseq.c, parse.y, proc.c, range.c,
+	  ruby.c, time.c, util.c, vm.c: don't declare internal functions.
+
+	* eval.c, parse.y, thread_pthread.c: non-existing function declarations
+	  removed.
+
+Sat Jun 18 08:12:54 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* common.mk: dependencies updated.
+
+	* tool/update-deps: new file to assist update dependencies in
+	  common.mk.
+
+Sat Jun 18 07:27:27 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* internal.h: declare internal functions here.
+
+	* node.h: declare NODE dependent internal functions here.
+
+	* iseq.h: declare rb_iseq_t dependent internal functions here.
+
+	* vm_core.h: declare rb_thread_t dependent internal functions here.
+
+	* bignum.c, class.c, compile.c, complex.c, cont.c, dir.c, encoding.c,
+	  enumerator.c, error.c, eval.c, file.c, gc.c, hash.c, inits.c, io.c,
+	  iseq.c, load.c, marshal.c, math.c, numeric.c, object.c, parse.y,
+	  proc.c, process.c, range.c, rational.c, re.c, ruby.c, string.c,
+	  thread.c, time.c, transcode.c, variable.c, vm.c,
+	  tool/compile_prelude.rb: don't declare internal functions declared
+	  in above headers.  include above headers if required.
+
+	  Note that rb_thread_mark() was declared as
+	  void rb_thread_mark(rb_thread_t *th) in cont.c but defined as
+	  void rb_thread_mark(void *ptr) in vm.c.  Now it is declared as
+	  the later in internal.h.
+
+Sat Jun 18 02:36:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (VpNewRbClass): fix type of the 2nd
+	  argument.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.h: ditto.
+
+Sat Jun 18 02:30:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigMath_s_exp): move BigMath.exp from
+	  bigdecimal/math.rb.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/math.rb: ditto.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb: move test for BigMath.exp from
+	  test/bigdecimal/test_bigmath.rb.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigmath.rb: ditto.
+
+Sat Jun 18 00:20:54 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: do not define wnum[01].
+
+Fri Jun 17 18:57:36 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): fix return value of obj[a,*b]=c.
+
+Fri Jun 17 13:09:45 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/curses/curses.c:  Clean up documentation.
+
+Fri Jun 17 09:25:14 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/curses/curses.c:  Document curses constants.  Patch by Vincent
+	  Batts.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4880]
+
+Fri Jun 17 09:11:05 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* object.c:  Document Module#method_added and #method_removed.
+	  Patch by Bryce Kerley.  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4867]
+
+Fri Jun 17 08:50:16 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* io.c:  Improve documentation of IO and File open and new.
+	  Patch by Roger Pack.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4790]
+
+Fri Jun 17 07:53:50 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb:  Document #raw_encoding.  Patch by David Czarnecki.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4874]
+
+Fri Jun 17 07:46:50 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/benchmark.rb:  Document Benchmark::Tms#memberwise.  Patch by
+	  David Czarnecki.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4873]
+
+Fri Jun 17 07:38:31 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/prettyprint.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Ysiad
+	  Ferreiras.  [#4834]
+
+Fri Jun 17 07:23:03 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_drop):  Improve documentation.  Patch by Caley Woods.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4858]
+
+Fri Jun 17 06:11:31 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/webrick/log.rb:  Improve documentation of BasicLog and Log.
+	  Patch by Olivier Brisse.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4833]
+	* lib/webrick/httpstatus.rb:  Improve documentation of
+	  WEBrick::HTTPStatus.  Patch by Olivier Brisse.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4833]
+
+Fri Jun 17 04:48:22 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c, thread_pthread.h: remove unused variables.
+	  (native_thread_data_t::gvl_cond, native_thread_data_t::gvl_next)
+
+Thu Jun 16 14:32:31 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* time.c (rb_time_new): prevent overflow by "* 1000".
+
+Fri Jun 17 03:07:36 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm4_thread_create_join.rb,
+	  benchmark/bm_vm4_thread_mutex[1-3].rb: renamed to
+	  bm_thread_* (fix last rename).
+
+Fri Jun 17 02:26:47 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_thread_create): fix debug message.
+	  (add last newline)
+
+Thu Jun 16 23:40:49 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_schedule_rec): fix {UN,}LIKELY macro misuse.
+	* gc.c (rb_newobj): ditto.
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_method_search): ditto.
+
+Thu Jun 16 20:06:15 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb: Fix Regexp for test.
+
+	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/test_third.rb: Use
+	  Test::Unit::TestCase#on_parallel_worker? for detecting worker.
+
+	* lib/test/unit/testcase.rb(Test::Unit::TestCase#on_parallel_worker?):
+	  New Method Test::Unit::TestCase#on_parallel_worker? returns true
+	  when a testcase is running on parallel worker.
+	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb(Test::Unit::TestCase#on_parallel_worker?):
+	  ditto.
+
+Thu Jun 16 19:27:12 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/test_securerandom.rb: Add testcase.  This testcase does NOT aim
+	  to test cryptographically strongness and randomness.  It includes
+	  the test for PID recycle issue of OpenSSL described in #4579 but
+	  it's disabled by default.
+
+Thu Jun 16 17:55:07 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_copy_stream_socket): fix
+	  test hanging up issue. Patch by CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki.
+
+Thu Jun 16 15:17:39 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* variable.c (const_missing):  Add simple example of const_missing.
+	  Patch by Anuj Dutta.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4794]
+
+Thu Jun 16 15:09:29 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/monitor.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Sandor Szucs.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4823]
+
+Thu Jun 16 14:54:09 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/webrick/utils.rb: Document WEBrick::Utils.  Patch by Olivier
+	  Brisse.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4819]
+
+Thu Jun 16 14:26:46 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/erbhandler.rb:  Allow the ERB document to
+	  alter the content-type of the response.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4685]
+
+Thu Jun 16 14:15:47 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/timeout.rb: Clarify timeout duration types.  Patch by Alf Mikula.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4791]
+	* lib/net/http.rb: ditto
+
+Thu Jun 16 13:25:25 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc*:  Import RDoc 3.7 release candidate
+
+Thu Jun 16 11:35:09 2011  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb (search_response): parses SEARCH responses from
+	  the Yahoo IMAP server correctly.  patched by Mark Nadig.  [Bug #4509]
+
+Thu Jun 16 09:12:38 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* fix for build on solaris 10.
+
+Thu Jun 16 09:08:39 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/io/console/test_io_console.rb (TestIO_Console#test_sync):
+	  fix for daemon process.
+
+Thu Jun 16 07:58:01 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb(test_ignore_tzero): Test for r32109.
+
+	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/test_third.rb: Use another way to
+	  detect that test is running on worker. This fixes sometimes
+	  TestParallel failing.
+
+Thu Jun 16 07:20:06 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb(Test::Unit::Runner#_run_parallel): Ignore -j0
+	  because it makes blocking forever by IO.select.
+
+Thu Jun 16 03:08:11 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb (TestParallel::TestParallelWorker#
+	  setup): now can run on Windows, probably.
+
+	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb (TestParallel::TestParallel#setup):
+	  ditto.
+
+Thu Jun 16 03:00:26 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (do_select): Windows: no need to poll if select(2) is
+	  cancelable.
+
+	* thread_win32.c (native_fd_select): new function to make select(2)
+	  cancelable.
+
+	* thread_win32.c (rb_w32_check_interrupt): new function for checking
+	  interrupt.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_select_with_thread): new function. cancelable
+	  select(2).
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_select): use above function internally.
+
+Wed Jun 15 23:30:45 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c: fix a regression by r31690 on AIX because AIX malloc
+	  return NULL if it's passed 0. But some caller don't expect it.
+	  patch by Yutaka Kanemoto. [ruby-dev:43779]
+	(vm_malloc_prepare): return calculated size.
+	(vm_xmalloc): use above result.
+	(vm_xcalloc): ditto.
+
+Wed Jun 15 23:11:35 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c: remove BLOCKING_REGION_CORE() macro. It's no longer used
+	  since r32022.
+
+Wed Jun 15 21:00:47 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_config.rb: execute based on the existence of the
+	  OpenSSL module.
+
+Wed Jun 15 12:35:11 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_copy_stream_socket): wait a child process
+	  before SIGUSR1 handler is removed.
+
+	* test/pathname/test_pathname.rb (define_assertion): use line number
+	  for test method names.
+
+Wed Jun 15 10:37:43 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_stat_rdev): use DEVT2NUM.
+
+	* file.c (rb_stat_rdev_major): ditto.
+
+	* file.c (rb_stat_rdev_minor): ditto.
+
+Wed Jun 15 05:12:59 2011  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
+
+	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c (lib_eventloop_core): revert the last change (it's
+	  the part for ruby_1_8), and use rb_thread_check_ints() when RUBY_VM
+	  is defined.
+
+Wed Jun 15 04:42:47 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm3_thread_*.rb: renamed bm_vm3_thread_*.rb to
+	  benchmark/bm_vm_thread_*.rb.
+
+Wed Jun 15 04:28:39 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm4_thread_pass.rb: rename bm_vm4* to
+	  bm_vm_thread_*. suggested by ko1.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm4_pipe.rb: ditto.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm4_alive_check1.rb: ditto.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm4_pass_flood.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Jun 15 03:52:50 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm4_pass_flood.rb: new benchmark for GVL fairness.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm4_alive_check1.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Jun 15 01:27:53 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (gvl_yield): fix live lock issue on 1-2 cpus
+	  system. It's additional fix for r32021.
+	* thread_pthread.c (gvl_init): add switch_wait_cond.
+	* thread_pthread.h (typedef struct rb_global_vm_lock_struct): ditto.
+
+Tue Jun 14 23:16:22 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* bootstraptest/runner.rb (show_progress): refine verbose mode.
+	  (exec_test): ditto.
+
+Tue Jun 14 23:02:36 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* bootstraptest/runner.rb (show_progress): extracted from assert_check.
+	  (assert_check): use show_progress.
+	  (assert_normal_exit): ditto.
+	  (assert_finish): ditto.
+	  (flunk): ditto.
+
+Tue Jun 14 22:51:42 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* test/date/test_*.rb: added tests.
+
+Tue Jun 14 22:09:58 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: renamed some functions.
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: modified doc.
+
+Tue Jun 14 21:26:01 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* cont.c (cont_save_thread): add new utility function.
+	  rb_context_t::saved_thread.machine_stack_start and
+	  machine_stack_end should be cleared immediately after a snapshot of
+	  current thread is stored to saved_thread. [ruby-dev:43680] [Bug #4855]
+	  this change aims to get rid of unnecessary GC mark at machine stack.
+
+Tue Jun 14 19:50:49 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_autoload.rb: remove temporary directory.
+
+Tue Jun 14 11:05:03 2011  Narihiro Nakamura  <narihiro@netlab.jp>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_gc_set_params): call initial_expand_heap if
+	  initial_heap_min_slots is set.
+
+Tue Jun 14 11:02:08 2011  Narihiro Nakamura  <narihiro@netlab.jp>
+
+	* gc.c: use size_t.
+
+Tue Jun 14 01:10:38 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* test/coverage/test_coverage.rb: add a test for restart.  a patch
+	  from Xavier Shay.  [ruby-core:36745]
+
+Tue Jun 14 01:05:10 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/coverage/coverage.c: make it restartable.  [ruby-core:36539]
+
+Mon Jun 13 23:55:40 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_schedule_rec): call gvl_yield() unconditionally.
+	* thread_pthread.c: remove HAVE_GVL_YIELD macro.
+	* thread_win32.c (gvl_yield): new. this fallback logic was moved from
+	  rb_thread_schedule_rec().
+
+Mon Jun 13 23:50:25 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_dev): typo.
+
+Mon Jun 13 23:38:23 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_parse_string): flush delayed token.  based on a
+	  patch by Masaya Tarui in [ruby-dev:43762].  Bug #4544
+
+	* parse.y (yylex): revert r24557.  delayed token at the end of
+	  string should be flushed already by the above change.
+
+Mon Jun 13 23:33:31 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_dev): console should be
+	  unbuffered.
+
+	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_dev): take care of no-ctty
+	  case.
+
+Mon Jun 13 23:06:12 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c: rewrite GVL completely. This fix improve some
+	  benchmark dramatically (e.g. vm3_thread_mutex result changed
+	  form 120.601sec to 3.426sec).
+	* thread_win32.c: ditto.
+	* thread_pthread.h: ditto.
+	* vm_core.h: ditto.
+	* thread.c: ditto.
+
+Mon Jun 13 23:11:52 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: don't use Thread.abort_on_exception.
+
+Mon Jun 13 23:05:01 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/unixsocket.c (unix_send_io): race condition fixed.
+	  (unix_recv_io): ditto.
+	  fixed by Eric Wong.  [ruby-core:35574]
+
+	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: test added for above problem.
+
+Mon Jun 13 21:41:05 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_win32.c (native_cond_signal): remove unnecessary rb_bug().
+	  It's additional fix for r32021. [Bug #4696]
+
+Mon Jun 13 20:50:49 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ec.rb
+	  test/openssl/test_pkey_ec.rb: merge both files into test_pkey_ec.rb.
+	  Removed redundant group instantiation from PKey tests.
+	* test/openssl/utils.rb: only create TEST_PKEY_EC_P256V1 if EC is
+	  defined.
+
+Mon Jun 13 20:28:24 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/digest.rb: remove MDC2 from test, it is not available
+	  by default in an OpenSSL installation.
+
+Mon Jun 13 20:18:55 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h, vm_insnhelper.h: move decl. of
+	  ruby_vm_global_state_version and related macros
+	  from vm_core.h to vm_insnhelper.h.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_clear_all_cache): added.  This function is called
+	  when ruby_vm_global_state_version overflows.
+	  TODO: vm_clear_all_inline_method_cache() is only place holder.
+	        We need to implement it ASAP.
+
+	* vm_method.c (vm_clear_global_method_cache): added.
+
+Mon Jun 13 19:46:21 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/cmath.rb: add new method Object#real?. fix #3137
+
+Mon Jun 13 18:52:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (is_kind_of_BigDecimal): new function to
+	  examine the whether the object is kind of BigDecimal.
+
+Mon Jun 13 18:49:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimalCmp): use GetVpValueWithPrec
+	  for Float and Rational arguments.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_new, test_cmp, test_power):
+	  add and modify tests for the above change.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimalCmp): modify coding style to
+	  match ruby's standard.
+
+Mon Jun 13 18:33:04 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/securerandom.rb (SecureRandom.random_bytes): modify PRNG state
+	  to prevent random number sequence repetition at forked child
+	  process which has same pid.
+	  reported by Eric Wong.  [ruby-core:35765]
+
+Mon Jun 13 17:02:34 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP#use_ssl?): require 'openssl' only when
+	  https is needed. fixes r31933.
+
+Mon Jun 13 14:35:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* lib/cmath.rb (CMath.cbrt): returns the principal value of the cube
+	  root of the argument.  fix #3676
+
+	* test/test_cmath.rb (test_cbrt_returns_principal_value_of_cube_root):
+	  test for the above change.
+
+Mon Jun 13 14:17:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::GlobOption#non_options): fix typo.
+
+Mon Jun 13 13:04:20 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c: fix error for digests that have no oid
+	(e.g. DSS1).
+	* test/openssl/test_digest.c: add tests for this.
+
+Mon Jun 13 12:51:51 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/yaml.rb: load psych only when syck is not loaded.
+
+Mon Jun 13 12:23:39 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+Mon Jun 13 12:23:39 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/deprecated.rb (Object#to_yaml_properties):
+	  undef to_yaml_properties before redefine it.
+
+	* ext/syck/lib/syck/rubytypes.rb: ditto.
+
+Mon Jun 13 11:30:10 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c: allow Digests to be created by sn, ln or
+	  oid.
+	* test/openssl/test_digest.rb: add tests for this.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4412] [ruby-core:35319]
+
+Mon Jun 13 10:54:03 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/pkey_dh.c: corrected documentation.
+	* test/openssl/utils.rb: add test key for DH.
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_dh.rb: add tests.
+
+Mon Jun 13 10:13:08 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/pkey_dh.c: clarify difference between DH#public_key and
+	DH#pub_key in documentation.
+
+Mon Jun 13 05:50:43 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* NEWS: introduce PKey.read.
+
+Mon Jun 13 05:17:29 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c: added PKey.read module function that allows
+	  reading arbitrary public/private keys from DER-/PEM-encoded File or
+	  string instances.
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c: improved documentation.
+	* test/openssl/utils.rb: added EC test key.
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_rsa.rb
+	  test/openssl/test_pkey_dsa.rb: Test PKey.read. Reuse keys from
+	  OpenSSL::TestUtils.
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_ec.rb: Created test file for EC tests.
+	  Test PKey.read.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4424] [ruby-core:35330]
+
+Mon Jun 13 04:42:24 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (total_i): fix to skip no ruby objects.
+
+Mon Jun 13 03:07:38 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/benchmark/test_benchmark.rb (capture_output):
+	  replace '-' as space. On NetBSD, subtract between two Process.times
+	  after and before the short process may return negative value like:
+	  t0=Process.times; yield; t1=Process.times; p t1.utime-t0.utime
+
+Mon Jun 13 02:40:23 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_dsa.rb: Test for DSA#syssign/sysverify.
+
+Mon Jun 13 01:59:19 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c: completed documentation.
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c: corrected examples. Improved parameter
+	  sections.
+
+Mon Jun 13 00:25:10 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c: completed documentation.
+
+Sun Jun 12 23:36:46 2011  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
+
+	* lib/drb/drb.rb (kill_sub_thread): remove the method. [ruby-core:34185]
+
+Sun Jun 12 21:01:56 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (d_lite_marshal_load): should give converted value.
+
+Sun Jun 12 20:36:30 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: edited doc.
+
+Sun Jun 12 18:12:07 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm3_clearmethodcache.rb: added.
+
+Sun Jun 12 17:40:29 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_clear_cache*): update only vm state version.
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_get_without_cache, rb_method_entry):
+	  Fill method cache entry with vm state version, and
+	  check current vm state version for method (cache) look up.
+	  This modification speed-up invalidating of global method cache table.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #3905] [ruby-core:36908]
+
+Sun Jun 12 16:19:48 2011  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
+
+	* ext/tk/extconf.rb: fail on Mac OS X. [Bug #4853][ruby-dev:43655]
+
+Sun Jun 12 15:56:08 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c: remove th->transition_for_lock. It's thread unsafe.
+	  [Bug #4723][ruby-dev:43563]
+
+Sun Jun 12 15:47:35 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c: introduce spurious wakeup safe deadlock check.
+	  [Bug #4696][ruby-dev:43554]
+
+Sun Jun 12 13:33:52 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm3_thread_mutex.rb: remove it.
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm3_thread_mutex[1-3].rb: added 3 benchmarks.
+	    1: one thread with one mutex (no contention).
+	    2: two threads with one mutex (contention).
+	    3: 1000 threads with one mutex (huge number of contention)
+	  Above removed benchmark was type 3.
+	  Therefore, this commit adds type 1 and 2 benchmark.
+
+Sun Jun 12 11:16:59 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* io.c: use select() appropriately for sendfile().
+	  Fixed by Eric Wong.  [ruby-core:36150]
+	  (maygvl_copy_stream_wait_readwrite): removed.
+	  (nogvl_copy_stream_sendfile): use nogvl_copy_stream_wait_write and
+	  maygvl_copy_stream_wait_read instead of
+	  maygvl_copy_stream_wait_readwrite.
+
+Sun Jun 12 09:32:13 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* atomic.h (ATOMIC_OR): _InterlockedOr is not available on mingw.h
+	* gc.c (rb_gc_set_params): VM_OBJSPACE is disabled on mingw.
+
+Sun Jun 12 01:07:09 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: edited doc.
+
+Sat Jun 11 23:18:00 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_core.h (RUBY_VM_SET_TIMER_INTERRUPT, RUBY_VM_SET_INTERRUPT,
+	  RUBY_VM_SET_FINALIZER_INTERRUPT): use atomic ops for preventing
+	  interrupt_flag bit lost. [Bug #4770][ruby-dev:43467]
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts_rec): ditto.
+	* vm_core.h (typedef struct rb_thread_struct): change type of
+	  interrupt_flag to rb_atomic_t.
+	* atomic.h: move atomic ops definition from signal.c.
+	* signal.c: remove atomic ops definition.
+	* common.mk (gc, signal, thread, cont): add to dependency to atomic.h.
+
+Sat Jun 11 23:23:52 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: edited doc.
+
+Sat Jun 11 23:02:36 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/buffering.rb (module OpenSSL):
+	  Buffering#each_byte should return String in accordance with IO in
+	  1.9.
+
+	* test/openssl/test_buffering.rb (class OpenSSL): add tests for getc
+	  and each_byte.
+
+Sat Jun 11 22:41:37 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* time.c: a correction of doc for strftime (%v).
+
+Sat Jun 11 22:30:53 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: replaced doc for strftime based on Time's one.
+
+Sat Jun 11 22:07:56 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (datetime_s_{iso8601,rfc3339,xmlschema,rfc2822,httpdate}):
+	  do not take argument comp.
+
+Sat Jun 11 21:58:31 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: added examples.
+
+Sat Jun 11 19:40:45 2011  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c: expand heap if initial_heap_min_slots is bigger than
+	  HEAP_MIN_SLOTS.
+
+Sat Jun 11 19:42:50 2011  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ChangeLog (vim): set shiftwidth to 2.
+
+Sat Jun 11 19:27:06 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509req.c: raise RequestError instead of
+	  CertificateError when Request#to_der gets an error from OpenSSL.
+	  Patch from Ippei Obayashi, see #4420. I cannot write a test for
+	  this... Request does not allow to create broken bytes...
+
+Sat Jun 11 19:34:51 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (Date::(ABBR_)?(MONTH|DAY)NAMES): should be usascii.
+
+Sat Jun 11 19:24:33 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: rewrote doc.
+
+Sat Jun 11 19:04:15 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::GlobOption#non_options): should run
+	  with 1.8.
+
+Sat Jun 11 18:05:57 2011  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* bootstraptest/runner.rb: should initialize $stress to avoid warnings.
+
+Sat Jun 11 18:02:09 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (io_getc): should be 7bit if ascii.  fixes #4557
+
+Sat Jun 11 16:52:16 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_enc_uint_chr): fix message format. Bug#4869
+
+Sat Jun 11 16:28:25 2011  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/formatters/pretty.rb
+	  (REXML::Formatters::Pretty#write_text),
+	  test/rexml/test_core.rb
+	  (Tester#test_pretty_format_long_text_finite): don't ignore
+	  'width' parameter in pretty formatter. fixes #4498
+	  Reported by Michael Frasca. Thanks!!!
+
+Sat Jun 11 16:11:36 2011  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_core.rb
+	  (Tester#test_pretty_format_long_text_finite): remove needless
+	  assert_nothing_raised.
+
+Sat Jun 11 16:04:03 2011  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/parsers/xpathparser.rb
+	  (REXML::Parsers::XPathParser#parse),
+	  test/rexml/test_elements.rb
+	  (ElementsTester#test_each_with_frozen_condition):
+	  don't modify original XPath. fixes #4161
+	  Reported by Pavel Shved. Thanks!!!
+
+Sat Jun 11 15:53:27 2011  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_elements.rb (ElementsTester): remove needless
+	  prefix from test name.
+
+Sat Jun 11 15:36:36 2011  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+	* common.mk: fixed a grammatical error
+
+Sat Jun 11 14:20:16 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm.c (thread_memsize): don't ignore size of th->local_storage.
+
+Sat Jun 11 10:32:46 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb: should quote arch_hdrdir and libpath for the case
+	  installed prefix contains spaces.
+
+Sat Jun 11 10:20:52 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_cond_timeout): wrap conditionally used
+	  label.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_sleep): remove unused variable.
+
+Sat Jun 11 10:15:50 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_execute_interrupts): use GetThreadPtr to extract
+	  rb_thread_t from VALUE.
+	  reported by Motohiro KOSAKI.  [ruby-dev:43700]
+
+Sat Jun 11 10:00:49 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_process_options): add missing return type.
+
+Fri Jun 10 23:18:09 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c (lib_eventloop_core): replace CHECK_INTS with
+	  rb_thread_check_ints(). Because current code can't be compiled.
+
+Fri Jun 10 16:38:13 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* encoding.c (rb_locale_charmap): When ruby process is run as Windows
+	  Service the console codepage is not set, GetConsoleCP returns 0.
+	  So on such environment, use GetACP().
+	  http://blogs.msdn.com/b/michkap/archive/2005/02/08/369197.aspx
+	  patched by Rafal Bigaj [ruby-core:36832] [Bug #4854]
+
+Fri Jun 10 14:34:24 2011  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* common.mk: restore TESTRUN_SCRIPT to "$(srcdir)/test.rb".
+	  TESTRUN_SCRIPT is used by "make run", "make gdb" and so on.
+
+Fri Jun 10 13:01:24 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb (TestModule#remove_rake_mixins): remove all
+	  module related to Rake.
+
+Fri Jun 10 09:52:38 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* encoding.c:  Mention that Encoding.compatible? can work with more
+	  than just Strings.
+
+Fri Jun 10 02:25:53 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: updating version to match released gem.
+
+Fri Jun 10 01:06:29 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal (BigDecimal_to_i): Integer#** may return flonum.
+
+Fri Jun 10 00:35:12 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* complex.c (string_to_c_internal): uses rb_reg_nth_match;
+	* rational.c (string_to_r_internal): ditto.
+
+Fri Jun 10 00:25:03 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c: remove an unused declaration.
+
+Fri Jun 10 00:24:04 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* rational.c (string_to_r): Rational#** may return flonum.
+
+Thu Jun  9 23:57:53 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* io.c: fix IO.copy_stream interrupt handling.
+	  based on the patch by Eric Wong.  [ruby-core:36156]
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_thread_call_with_gvl): don't declare here.
+
+	* thread.c: include internal.h.
+	  (rb_thread_execute_interrupts): new function.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_thread_execute_interrupts): declared.
+	  (rb_thread_call_with_gvl): declared.
+
+Thu Jun  9 23:34:01 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace_call_finalizer): use rb_typeddata_is_kind_of() for
+	  type check to get rid of a double free when main Thread has singleton
+	  class. [ruby-core:36741] [Bug #4828]
+	* thread.c (rb_obj_is_mutex): add a new utility function.
+	* vm.c (rb_obj_is_thread): ditto.
+
+Thu Jun  9 22:53:49 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (TestThread#test_kill_thread_subclass):
+	  add test for Thread.kill with Thread subclass instance.
+
+Thu Jun  9 22:31:47 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (TestThread#test_kill_wrong_argument):
+	  test for [ruby-core:35086].
+	  partially forward porting r31402 from ruby_1_9_2 branch.
+
+Thu Jun  9 18:36:00 2011  Kenta Murata <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* string.c: Fix the ambiguous description of the behavior of
+	  rb_str_aref_m with a range.  It returns nil when the beginning of
+	  the range is greater than the end of the string rather than the range.
+
+Thu Jun  9 10:57:03 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: Hash subclasses can be read
+	  from YAML files.
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: Hash subclasses can be
+	  dumped to YAML files.
+	* test/psych/test_hash.rb: corresponding test.
+
+Thu Jun  9 09:18:51 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: Ruby modules can be loaded
+	  from YAML files.
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: Ruby modules can be
+	  dumped to YAML files.
+	* test/psych/test_class.rb: corresponding test.
+
+Thu Jun  9 09:05:04 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: Ruby classes can be loaded
+	  from YAML files.
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: Ruby classes can be
+	  dumped to YAML files.
+	* test/psych/test_class.rb: corresponding test.
+
+Wed Jun  8 21:38:57 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* cont.c (root_fiber_alloc): set root fiber's status RUNNING.
+	  in cont_mark() only RUNNING fiber's machine stack is marked.
+	  root fiber's status should be RUNNING at the beginning regardless of
+	  FIBER_USE_NATIVE. [ruby-core:36735] fixes #4827
+
+Tue Jun  7 20:50:11 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* doc/irb/irb.rd: fix typo. patch by Nobuhiro IMAI.
+	  [Bug #4843] [ruby-dev:43639]
+	* doc/irb/irb.rd.ja: ditto.
+	* doc/ChangeLog-YARV: ditto.
+
+Tue Jun  7 18:52:55 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/user_interaction.rb (Gem::StreamUI#tty?): IO#tty? of
+	  Windows has been fixed at r29969.
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_stream_ui.rb: now can run tests.
+
+Tue Jun  7 18:36:41 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem.rb (TestGem#{test_self_user_home_userprofile,
+	  test_self_user_home_user_drive_and_path}): should simply ignore
+	  meaningless tests instead of skipping them.
+
+Tue Jun  7 18:15:00 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (TestRubyOptions#test_set_program_name):
+	  should show some messages when skipping tests.
+
+Tue Jun  7 13:59:47 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (date_s_today, datetime_s_now): check the
+	  result of localtime_r().
+
+Tue Jun  7 13:36:51 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/tk/extconf.rb: use $defs not $CPPFLAGS to get rid of
+	  command line escape issues on Windows.  fixed #4835.
+
+Tue Jun  7 03:18:45 2011  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_s_{,bin}write): do not create a
+	  file under /tmp. [Bug #4846]
+
+Mon Jun  6 22:51:43 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* cont.c: use #if FIBER_USE_NATIVE instead of #ifdef.
+	  you can suppress use of setcontext for Fiber with compile option
+	  -DFIBER_USE_NATIVE=0
+
+Mon Jun  6 21:59:23 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* test/date/test_switch_hitter.rb: added a test.
+
+Mon Jun  6 21:37:45 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: added notes.
+
+Mon Jun  6 21:02:12 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: flattened format to strftimev.
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (date_strftime_internal): taints run.
+
+Mon Jun  6 15:10:17 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/{defines,missing}.h (rb_infinity, rb_nan): move from
+	  defines.h to missing.h.  (couldn't use RUBY_EXTERN there.)
+
+Mon Jun  6 14:35:48 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_markup_pre_process.rb (TestRDocMarkupPreProcess#
+	  {test_include_file,test_include_file_encoding_incompatible}): no
+	  need to write such workaround.  don't hide the bug of ruby. (and the
+	  bug is already fixed.)
+
+Mon Jun  6 14:11:11 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (valid_jd_sub): need to convert from VALUE to
+	  double.
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (offset_to_sec): get rid of a compiler warning.
+
+Mon Jun  6 14:09:08 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/defines.h (rb_infinity, rb_nan): export for Windows.
+
+Mon Jun  6 10:54:45 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb(Test::Unit::Runner#puke):
+	  Add overriding from MiniTest::Unit#puke. This reverts minitest's fix
+	  that skip messages are hidden when not verbose mode (-v option).
+	  To hide skip messages, use --hide-skip option instead.
+
+Mon Jun  6 10:52:13 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb: don't use autoload.
+
+Mon Jun  6 09:39:43 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/parser.c (parse): release event objects to plug memory
+	leak.  Thanks Mark J. Titorenko!
+
+Sun Jun  5 23:26:15 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* eval.c: remove rb_thread_stop_timer_thread function declaration.
+	  Instead, include vm_core.h.
+	* process.c: ditto.
+
+Sun Jun  5 21:38:51 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (thread_timer): add to care a spurious wakeup.
+	  When native_cond_timedwait() return 0 by spurious wakeup, we
+	  don't have to neither 1) call timer_thread_function and 2)
+	  exit the timer thread.
+
+Sun Jun  5 17:50:01 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (m_real_cwyear): new.  derived from m_cwyear.
+	* ext/date/date_strftime.c: trivial changes.
+
+Sun Jun  5 17:22:01 2011  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
+
+	* ext/tk/config_list.in: add new options for tcltklib.
+
+Sun Jun  5 10:06:50 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_tmx.h: now does not place decoded data.  allows to
+	  access indirectly via functions on demand.
+	* ext/date/date_strftime.c: ditto.
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: ditto.
+	* ext/date/date_core.c ({d|dt}_lite_to_s): use strftime.
+
+Sun Jun  5 06:22:02 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* NEWS: wrote about changes of date.
+
+Sat Jun  4 16:59:26 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (d_lite_inspect): changed the format.
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: refactoring and fixing some bugs.
+
+Sat Jun  4 11:30:57 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (check_mix_method_i, do_mix_method_i): not mix methods
+	  renamed as nil.
+
+Sat Jun  4 04:04:41 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_which_command.rb:
+	  "missing" exists on ruby's top source directory. [Bug #4815]
+
+Fri Jun  3 21:48:12 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb: Refix for test-all in separate directory.
+	  r31147 + r31151.
+
+Fri Jun  3 20:58:47 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (d_lite_plus): get rid of compiler warnings.
+
+Fri Jun  3 20:56:40 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/missing.h, numeric.c (round): moved prototype of round()
+	  from numeric.c to missing.h.  (note: round() is C99 feature, so ruby
+	  provides it if not exist in C runtime.)
+
+Fri Jun  3 20:42:04 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: Keep $stdin, $stdout before run testcase
+	  and restore after run. Because some test break $stdin, $stdout.
+	  Fixes [Bug #4433] [ruby-core:35353]
+
+Fri Jun  3 19:58:14 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (io_fflush): windows -- call fsync() only when the FD is tied to
+	  file, because if the FD is pipe, it blocks.
+
+Fri Jun  3 09:27:31 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (URI::HTTP#request_uri): return nil when the uri
+	  is path-rootless form. Bug #4759
+
+Thu Jun  2 23:51:03 2011  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb: Improve the line ending detection algorithm
+	  patch by Alexey).
+
+Thu Jun  2 20:05:57 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_s_write, rb_io_s_binwrite): return!!!
+
+Thu Jun  2 16:29:34 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* io.c: Add File.write, File.binwrite. [Feature #1081] [ruby-core:21701]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: Test for File.write, File.binwrite.
+
+	* NEWS: News for above.
+
+Thu Jun  2 12:33:09 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (io_fflush, rb_io_flush): need to fsync() when ruby calls
+	  internal flush. [ruby-core:36670] [Bug #4813]
+
+Thu Jun  2 07:56:24 2011  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
+
+	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c: reduce CPU power required by an eventloop.
+
+Tue May 31 21:28:33 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (TestSignal#test_signal_requiring):
+	  redirect stderr to null device.
+
+Thu Jun  2 00:45:26 2011  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
+
+	* ext/tk/extconf.rb: fix for uninitialized global variables.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4811]
+
+Wed Jun  1 21:57:08 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_sleep): fix 1000times calculation error.
+	  this is a regression since r31457. [Bug #4808] [ruby-dev:43606]
+
+Wed Jun  1 17:19:16 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c: remove unused macro.
+
+Wed Jun  1 15:42:18 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (peek_n): new macro to see next nth char.
+
+Wed Jun  1 15:40:46 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb (gem): fix for rubygems change.
+
+Wed Jun  1 14:07:57 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
+
+	* lib/minitest/*: Imported minitest 2.2.2 (r6281)
+	* test/minitest/*: ditto
+
+Wed Jun  1 12:35:50 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
+
+	* lib/rubygems*: Import rubygems 1.8.5 (released @ 137c80f)
+	* test/rubygems: Ditto
+
+Wed Jun  1 12:34:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* NEWS: add new features of bigdecimal.
+
+Wed Jun  1 09:41:14 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/cgi/util.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Kuba Fietkiewicz.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4775]
+	* lib/cgi/core.rb:  ditto
+
+Wed Jun  1 09:26:05 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/mathn.rb:  Improve documentation and attach it to Numeric.
+	  Modified from patch by Anil V.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4762]
+
+Wed Jun  1 09:21:30 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/prime.rb:  Indent examples enough to appear as code sections.
+	  Note that Prime is Enumerable.  [#4762]
+
+Wed Jun  1 07:34:57 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* hash.c (key_i):  Change rdoc from "the first occurrence" to "an
+	  occurrence" since first occurrence is not a specification of
+	  Hash#key.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4760]
+
+Wed Jun  1 07:26:19 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/pty/pty.c (pty_check):  Restore "not reached" comment.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4756]
+
+Wed Jun  1 07:21:40 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c:  Fix document-method declarations for set_sync and
+	  set_comment.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4695]
+
+Wed Jun  1 06:43:13 2011  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* load.c (loaded_feature_path): cut nonsense loop execution to fix
+	  performance bug.
+
+Wed Jun  1 01:16:02 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (rb_mix_module): implement Module#mix.
+
+Wed Jun  1 01:15:12 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (io_encoding_set): should honor already set ecflags since it
+	  might be set by mode option.  fixed #4804
+
+Wed Jun  1 00:34:04 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (GetVpValueWithPrec): remove unused
+	  variable.
+
+Wed Jun  1 00:32:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (GetVpValueWithPrec): support instantiation from
+	  a Float through Rational.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_new): ditto.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_global_new_float): add a test for
+	  the above changes.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_new_with_float): ditto.
+
+Wed Jun  1 00:07:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_coerce): support coerce with a
+	  Rational.  The precision used for instantiate a BigDecimal from the
+	  given Rational is obtained from the receiver BigDecimal.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_coerce): add a test for the
+	  above change.
+
+Tue May 31 23:49:08 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (offset_to_sec): fixed invalid validation.
+
+Tue May 31 23:43:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (GetVpValueWithPrec): replace the algorithm for
+	  coercing from a Rational to stop requiring "bigdecimal/util.rb".
+	  [ruby-core:34318]
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (GetVpValue): refactoring.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_new): support instantiation from a
+	  Rational.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_global_new_with_rational): add a
+	  test for the above change.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_new_with_rational): ditto.
+
+Tue May 31 22:44:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_new): support instantiation a
+	  BigDecimal object from an Integer.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_new_with_integer):
+	  add for testing the above change.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_global_new): replace its body
+	  with a BigDecimal_new call.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_global_new_with_integer):
+	  add for testing the above change.
+
+Tue May 31 22:24:39 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: use simple/complex mode instead of light/right mode.
+	* test/date/*.rb: followed the above changes.
+
+Tue May 31 21:28:33 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (TestSignal#test_signal_requiring):
+	  initialize SIGINT handler.
+
+Tue May 31 17:03:24 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb, lib/net/protocol.rb: Allow to configure to wait
+	  server returning '100 continue' response before sending HTTP request
+	  body. See NEWS for more detail. See #3622.
+	  Original patch is made by Eric Hodel <drbrain@segment7.net>.
+
+	* test/net/http/test_http.rb: test it.
+
+	* NEWS: Add new feature.
+
+Tue May 31 14:17:49 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_s_pipe): potential bug. the mode of read IO is set as
+	  DEFAULT_TEXTMODE in call of io_set_encoding(), and of write IO is
+	  also set as it in call of io_new_instance() via rb_protect().
+	  so, if DEFAULT_TEXTMODE is not 0, we should check the result of
+	  extract_binmode() and avoid crush of default IO mode and the result.
+
+Tue May 31 13:00:17 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* strftime.c (rb_strftime_with_timespec): improved style consistency.
+	  constified some variables.
+
+	* test/test_time.rb (TestTime#test_huge_precision): test for #4456.
+
+Tue May 31 12:53:10 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/io/wait/test_io_wait.rb (TestIOWait#{test_nread,test_ready?,
+	  test_wait}: give system some time to process the written data.
+
+Tue May 31 12:40:49 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_open_mode): MUST release resources
+	  explicitly. fix problem of r31671
+
+Tue May 31 10:49:55 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_exec.c: remove conditions for clang
+	  because clang version 3.0 (trunk 132165) doesn't need them.
+
+Mon May 30 22:19:33 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (TestSignal#test_signal_requiring): don't
+	  close stderr.
+
+Mon May 30 20:22:00 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (TestSignal#test_signal_requiring): small
+	  but critical typo of r31642.  sorry...
+	  [Bug #4798] [ruby-core:36550]
+
+Mon May 30 15:44:16 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* insns.def (opt_mult): as r31805, volatile it.
+	  Without this, clang -O fails calculation.
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_mul): ditto.
+
+	* rational.c (f_imul): ditto.
+
+Mon May 30 10:26:51 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_pow): make sure to assign the result of x * z.
+	  If xz is optimized out, the value won't overflow.
+
+Sun May 29 23:17:29 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_match): fix rdoc of Regexp#=~.
+	  patched by Tsuyoshi Sawada. [Bug #4781]
+
+Sun May 29 23:10:42 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/https.rb (WEBrick::HTTPRequest#parse_uri):
+	  keep parse_uri as private. patched by okkez. [Bug #4773]
+
+Sun May 29 17:53:03 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* numeric.c: add #include "internal.h" for rb_big_uminus() prototype.
+
+Sun May 29 15:09:05 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_round): fix for negative value.
+
+Sun May 29 02:16:53 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/net/http/utils.rb (TestNetHTTPUtils#teardown): add nil check.
+
+Sun May 29 00:22:40 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (before_exec, after_exec): change from macro to function.
+
+Sat May 28 19:30:17 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (before_exec, after_exec): change SIGPIPE handler to SIG_DFL
+	  before calling execve(). Because r31760 reintroduced an issue that
+	  system() may hang up (i.e. [ruby-dev:12261]).
+	* process.c (save_sigpipe, restore_sigpipe): new.
+
+Sat May 28 16:08:16 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* signal.c (Init_signal, default_handler): change default SIGPIPE handler
+	  from empty function to SIG_IGN. [ruby-dev:43215]
+	* signal.c (sigpipe): removed.
+
+Sat May 28 03:04:27 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (fill_cbuf): return MORE_CHAR_SUSPENDED when cbuf is not empty.
+
+Sat May 28 02:22:48 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_bytesize): rb_str_bytesize() should use LONG2NUM().
+	  Patch by Nikolai Weibull. [Bug #4789] [ruby-core:36511]
+
+Sat May 28 02:06:26 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (fill_cbuf): Fix test-all crash.
+
+Sat May 28 00:58:40 2011  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/ostruct.rb (method_missing): Handle [] and []= correctly.
+	  Based on a patch by Caius Durling, bug #4179 [ruby-core:33792]
+
+Fri May 27 23:56:54 2011  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_core.rb (Tester::test_text_frozen): split frozen
+	  string test. refs #4783
+
+Fri May 27 22:46:23 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb (gem): install gemspec of json.  fixed #4784
+
+Fri May 27 22:45:10 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (validate_enc_binmode): do not clear textmode flag if
+	  default.  fixed #4732
+
+	* io.c (fill_cbuf): finish reading at EOF.
+
+Fri May 27 11:31:51 2011  misfo <tedwardo2@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/rexml/text.rb (REXML::Text#initialize): prevent an error
+	  when passing a frozen string to REXML::Text.new
+
+	  dup the string passed in instead of cloning so that it's frozen
+	  state is ignored
+
+Fri May 27 08:47:26 2011  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
+
+	* thread.c (ppoll): typo bug fix.
+
+Fri May 27 08:35:04 2011  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
+
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: hang-up at exit before calling Tk.mainloop.
+
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk/extconf.rb: cannot make on MinGW [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4141].
+
+Thu May 27 00:34:07 2011  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
+
+    * lib/csv.rb: Enhance each() to support Enumerator.
+
+Thu May 26 10:32:11 2011  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
+
+    * lib/csv.rb: Documentation improvements from Ysiad Ferreiras.
+      [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4785]
+
+Thu May 26 15:42:02 2011  Cezary Baginski <cezary.baginski@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/xmlrpc/parser.rb (FaultException): fix to_s and inspect
+
+	* test/xmlrpc/parser.rb: test for the above
+
+Wed May 25 11:54:31 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/curses/curses.c:  Remove color constants block.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4748]
+
+Wed May 25 09:56:45 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/curses/curses.c:  Add missing documentation for button state, MIN
+	  and MAX comments.  Add Curses. to TABSIZE= and ESCDELAY= methods.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4747]
+
+Wed May 25 09:35:31 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/benchmark.rb:  Restore nodoc for Benchmark::Job and
+	  Benchmark::Report.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4726]
+
+Wed May 25 09:29:38 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/net/pop.rb:  Hide implementation details from RDoc.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4711]
+
+Wed May 25 09:26:29 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb:  Add :nodoc: for private methods.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4710]
+
+Wed May 25 09:19:17 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c:  Fix Document-method declarations.  Improve
+	  Zlib::GzipFile's method catalog.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4695]
+
+Wed May 25 08:22:12 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/erb.rb:  Hide documentation for implementation details of ERB.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4694]
+
+Wed May 25 07:58:14 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/tempfile.rb (Tempfile.{mkdir,rmdir}): revert for backward
+	  compatibility.
+
+Wed May 25 07:13:12 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* spec/README: update the description.
+
+Wed May 25 07:12:16 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/tempfile.rb (Tempfile.{lock,unlock}_tempfile): refactor.
+
+Tue May 24 17:30:36 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* spec/README: fix typo.
+	  patched by bowsersenior. https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/24
+
+Tue May 24 07:06:34 2011  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
+
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: fail to start Tk.mainloop (exit immediately) on
+	  some environment (reported on [ruby-talk:381444]).
+
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk/canvas.rb: support creating a canvas item object from
+	  an item ID number.
+
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk/image.rb: import documents which are pull-requested.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4595]
+
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk/extconf.rb: search directories for 64bit library (e.g.
+	  /usr/lib64), add some new configure options (see README.tcltklib),
+	  and bug fix.
+
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk/README.tcltklib: modify docs for some new configure
+	  options.
+
+Tue May 24 04:01:46 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* lib/yaml.rb: switch default YAML engine to Psych, old syck engine
+	  may be enabled via YAML::ENGINE.yamler = "syck". [ruby-core:36374]
+
+Mon May 23 09:45:26 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/defines.h (CASEFOLD_FILESYSTEM): Revert r30508. Forgot to
+	  include this file in the commit r31692. __APPLE__ is not
+	  CASEFOLD_FILESYSTEM again, from this time.
+
+Mon May 23 10:01:02 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: Do not parse zero-tagged values as EOC. Do
+	  not let current length become negative for infinite length constructed
+	  values. Support constructed values of length zero. Added tests.
+
+Mon May 23 09:19:53 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/net/smtp.rb:  Document Net::SMTP::Response.  Patch by J.R. Garcia.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4768]
+
+Mon May 23 09:03:52 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: Never Ignore SIGINT. When received
+	Interrupt, immediately puts result and exit. [ruby-dev:43571]
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: When received Interrupt, wait results from workers
+	and collect them. [ruby-dev:43571]
+
+Mon May 23 09:08:07 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/mathn.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Sandor Szucs.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4767]
+
+Mon May 23 08:45:55 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/ostruct.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Franklin Webber.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4761]
+
+Mon May 23 08:35:24 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* hash.c:  Improve documentation of Hash#key.  Patch by Utkarsh
+	  Kukreti.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4760]
+
+Mon May 23 08:32:59 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* enumerator.c:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Dave Copeland.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4757]
+
+Mon May 23 07:19:45 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* NEWS (openssl): Infinite length support. Different behavior of
+	  Constructive and Primitive constructors.
+
+Mon May 23 06:58:33 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: Forbid Constructives whose value is not an
+	  Array to prevent segfault. Added test.
+
+Mon May 23 06:33:17 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: Forbid Constructive without infinite
+	  length. This also prevents a segfault. Added test and improved
+	  documentation.
+
+Mon May 23 05:58:14 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: Fix decoding of infinite length values.
+	  Simplified ossl_asn1_decode0 by splitting it into three separate
+	  functions. Add tests.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4374][ruby-core:35123]
+
+Mon May 23 04:03:46 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (ossl_asn1_initialize): Allow creation of
+	  Constructives with an explicit tag_class parameter without
+	  automatically setting tagging to :EXPLICIT. Fixes a bug when encoding
+	  infinite length primitive values.
+
+Mon May 23 04:03:46 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (ossl_asn1_cons_to_der): Add an additional
+	  EOC for infinite length Constructives that are supposed to be encoded
+	  with explicit tagging. Also tabify method correctly.
+
+Mon May 23 03:44:39 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (ossl_asn1data_to_der): Remove redundant
+	  flag tmp_cons.
+
+Mon May 23 00:35:00 2001  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* bignum.c (dump_bignum, bigmul1_balance, big_split, biglsh_bang),
+	  (bigrsh_bang, big_split3, bigmul1_toom3, bigmul0): implement Toom3 (Toom-Cook)
+	  multiplication.
+
+	* include/ruby/defines.h: add format prefixes for BDIGIT and BDIGIT_DBL.
+
+Sun May 22 23:24:02 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: Instead of rb_intern use static symbols to
+	  improve performance.
+
+Sun May 22 21:56:51 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: Use OpenSSL constants V_ASN1_xxx instead of
+	  hardcoded numbers for initializing class_tag_map.
+
+Sun May 22 21:29:29 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/defines.h (CASEFOLD_FILESYSTEM): Revert r30508. See #4255.
+	  Now __APPLE__ is not CASEFOLD_FILESYSTEM again.
+
+	* load.c (loaded_feature_path, rb_feature_p, load_lock): Revert r30508.
+	  See #4255. Make $LOADED_FEATURES scanning case-sensitive again.
+
+Sun May 22 18:59:27 2011  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c(ossl_asn1_default_tag): avoid using RCLASS_SUPER
+	  to make it compilable. Plus, tabify and change variable definition style.
+
+Sun May 22 18:26:43 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (vm_xcalloc): use calloc provided by platforms.
+	  fixes #4754
+
+Sun May 22 11:44:53 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/pty/pty.c:  Improve documentation.  Patch by David Copeland.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4756]
+
+Sun May 22 11:26:39 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/timeout.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by David Copeland.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4755]
+
+Sun May 22 11:21:41 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/ipaddr.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Sandor Szucs.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4753]
+
+Sun May 22 11:14:40 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/forwardable.rb:  Document def_delegator.  Patch by Sandor Szucs.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4752]
+
+Sun May 22 11:11:41 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb:  Document block behavior of FileUtils.cd.  Patch by
+	  Bil Kleb.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4751]
+
+Sun May 22 11:07:47 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/curses/curses.c:  Complete documentation.  Patch by Vincent
+	  Batts.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4748]
+
+Sun May 22 09:29:43 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (TestRubyOptions#test_set_program_name):
+	  use spawn. it prevent that other tests inherit renamed $0.
+
+Sun May 22 08:57:13 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: Default tag lookup in constant time via hash
+	  instead of previous linear algorithm.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4309][ruby-core:34813]
+
+Sun May 22 07:54:16 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c: Explain DSS and DSS1 in documentation.
+
+Sun May 22 07:10:25 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_dsa.rb: Add tests for sign/verify.
+
+Sun May 22 06:07:17 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_x509cert.rb: Merge DSA-related tests from ruby_1_8
+	  branch.
+
+Sun May 22 04:11:12 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (Init_Thread): add a code comment why the meaningless
+	  line is necessary.
+
+Sun May 22 01:35:12 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: modified documentation.
+
+Sat May 21 22:46:26 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_strftime(date_strftime_with_tmx): "%v" means "%e-%b-%Y".
+
+Sat May 21 22:14:35 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_extract_modeenc): accept combination hash and
+	  File::Constants. (eg. File.open('yo', :mode => File::WRONLY))
+	  [Feature #4742][ruby-core:36338]
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_open_mode): new test.
+
+Sat May 21 21:44:14 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* test/date/test_switch_hitter.rb: new.
+
+Sat May 21 21:18:29 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_{core,parse}.c: moved nearly all core code from ext/date/lib.
+	* ext/date/lib/{date,date/format}.rb: removed nearly all code.
+
+Sat May 21 02:58:46 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/.document:  Add curses to documented extensions.
+	* ext/curses/curses.c:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Vincent Batts.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4747]
+
+Sat May 21 02:51:01 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/util.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch
+	  by Pete Higgins.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4746]
+
+Sat May 21 02:44:10 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/jacobian.rb:  Document isEqual.  Patch
+	  by Kuba Fietkiewicz.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4744]
+
+Sat May 21 02:22:34 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb:  Document date formats.  Patch by
+	  Clinton Nixon.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4743]
+
+Fri May 20 05:15:19 2011  Nobuhiro Iwamatsu  <iwamatsu@nigauri.org>
+
+	* gc.c: Fix build on m68k by 'error: too few arguments to
+	  function 'mark_locations_array''.
+
+Fri May 20 04:23:42 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/scanf.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Gabe McArthur.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4735]
+
+Fri May 20 00:58:01 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/trans/ibm737-tbl.rb: greek code page.  fixes #4738
+
+Thu May 19 14:44:05 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (test_signal_requiring): skip on Windows.
+	  we can send SIGINT only to pid 0 and the process itself.
+
+Thu May 19 09:07:08 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib: revert r31635-r31638 and untabify with expand(1).
+
+Thu May 19 07:47:26 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_rsa.rb: Add tests for sign/verify.
+
+Thu May 19 07:19:16 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c: Add documentation.
+
+Thu May 19 07:06:56 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/benchmark.rb:  Fix indentation.
+	* lib/net/imap.rb:  Fix indentation of regular expressions.
+
+Thu May 19 06:36:11 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb:  Fix indentation of EOF for heredoc.
+	* lib/debug.rb (Commands):  Fix indentation of EOHELP for heredoc.
+
+Thu May 19 06:30:38 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb:  Fix indentation of EOM for heredoc.
+
+Thu May 19 06:16:41 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib:  Convert tabs to spaces for ruby files per
+	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby/wiki/DeveloperHowto#coding-style
+	  Patch by Steve Klabnik [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4730]
+	  Patch by Jason Dew [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4718]
+
+Thu May 19 06:06:07 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/cgi/util.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Clinton Nixon.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4733]
+	* lib/cgi/core.rb:  ditto
+	* lib/cgi/cookie.rb:  ditto
+
+Thu May 19 06:02:21 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/tempfile.rb:  Document Dir.mkdir and Dir.rmdir.  Patch by Clinton
+	  Nixon.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4728]
+
+Thu May 19 05:57:52 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* encoding.c:  Improve documentation for Encoding#default_external and
+	  Encoding#default_internal.
+
+Wed May 18 22:45:26 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/lib/console/size.rb (IO#console_size): new
+	  method.  (EXPERIMENTAL)
+
+Wed May 18 22:41:51 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h: add for internal use only.
+
+Wed May 18 22:36:43 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (setup_exception): internal exception should be hidden
+
+Wed May 18 20:25:04 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout#timeout): don't leak "execution expired"
+	  exception. [Bug #4283] [ruby-core:34534].
+
+Wed May 18 06:09:24 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/cmath.rb:  Add some examples and improve documentation.  Patch by
+	  Sandor Szucs.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4727]
+
+Wed May 18 05:40:31 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/benchmark.rb:  Remove nodoc from Benchmark::Job and
+	  Benchmark::Report.  Patch by Sandor Szucs.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4726]
+
+Wed May 18 05:29:26 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/webrick/compat.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Sandor
+	  Szucs.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4725]
+
+Wed May 18 05:10:35 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/tracer.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Richard Ramsden.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4720]
+
+Wed May 18 04:53:41 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/cmath.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Jason Dew.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4717]
+
+Wed May 18 04:50:24 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/net/ftp.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Vincent Batts.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4710]
+
+Wed May 18 03:14:49 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* test/test_singleton.rb:  Add tests from lib/singleton.rb.  Patch by
+	  Pete Higgins.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4715]
+
+Wed May 18 03:03:07 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/singleton.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Pete Higgins.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4709]
+
+Tue May 17 21:24:04 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_mutex_lock): remove remove_signal_thread_list() call.
+	  It's meaningless because lock_interrupt doesn't call
+	  add_signal_thread_list().
+
+Tue May 17 20:20:49 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_thread_struct): add volatile to
+	  transition_for_lock because it is not protected by lock.
+
+Tue May 17 20:08:53 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* LEGAL (missing/{elf,tgamma,lgamma_r}.c): they've been replaced by
+	  public domain implementations.
+
+	* LEGAL (vsnprintf.c): it has moved to srcdir from missing/.
+
+	* LEGAL (missing/crypt.c): list its original license.
+
+Tue May 17 19:54:26 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* LEGAL (configure): add missing/setproctitle.c
+
+Tue May 17 19:35:01 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+	Fix FreeBSD test failure.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (TestRubyOptions#test_set_program_name):
+	  use ps -o command instead of ps -o cmd. FreeBSD doesn't support
+	  -o cmd option.
+
+Tue May 17 08:04:26 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c: Add documentation.
+
+Tue May 17 07:14:58 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb:  Improve documentation of proxy configuration
+	  methods.  Patch by Alf Mikula.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4714]
+
+Tue May 17 07:09:01 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/net/pop.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Vincent Batts.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4711]
+	* lib/net/telnet.rb:  ditto
+
+Tue May 17 07:00:41 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb:  Fix nodoc for Net::HTTP::version_1_1?.  Patch by
+	  Alf Mikula.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4713]
+
+Tue May 17 06:56:26 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb:  Add link to make_switch to improve documentation.
+	  Patch by David Copeland.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4708]
+
+Tue May 17 06:50:40 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/observer.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by David Copeland.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4707]
+
+Tue May 17 06:42:53 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by David Copeland.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4706]
+
+Tue May 17 06:28:14 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/gserver.rb:  Improve documentation.  Patch by David Copeland.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4705]
+
+Tue May 17 06:21:15 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/cgi.rb: Add toplevel documentation to class CGI
+	* lib/cgi/session.rb: Add overview documentation to CGI::Cookie
+	* lib/cgi/html.rb:  Don't add CGI::TagMaker documentation to CGI.
+	  Patch by David Copeland.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4704]
+	* lib/cgi/core.rb:  Clean up CGI documentation.  Patch by David
+	  Copeland.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4704]
+	* lib/cgi/cookie.rb:  Clean up CGI::Cookie documentation.  Patch by
+	  David Copeland.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4704]
+
+Tue May 17 05:52:30 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/digest: Improve documentation of Digest, Digest::HMAC and
+	  Digest::SHA2.  Patch by Pete Higgins.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4702]
+
+Tue May 17 03:51:42 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/abbrev.rb:  Hide copyright and revision information from RDoc.
+	  Inspired by patch from David Copeland, bug #4703.
+
+Tue May 17 03:33:21 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/timeout.rb (module Timeout):  Hide internal constants.  Patch by
+	  Pete Higgins.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4701]
+
+Mon May 16 11:21:09 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in, win32/Makefile.sub (RUBY_SO_NAME): add CPU as prefix
+	  of RUBY_SO_NAME on x64/ia64 mswin/mingw.
+	  [Feature #4602]
+
+Mon May 16 08:00:05 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc.rb:  Update to RDoc 3.6.1, allows OpenSSL::Digest to be
+	  found.
+
+Mon May 16 05:49:54 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/drb/acl.rb:  Add documentation.
+
+Mon May 16 05:13:20 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: Add documentation.
+
+Mon May 16 00:32:05 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (TestSignal#test_signal_process_group):
+	  skip if the platform doesn't have :pgroup capability. (i.e. skip
+	  if mswin32)
+
+Sun May 15 23:53:31 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h: resurrect old rb_fd_copy().
+	* thread.c (rb_fd_copy): ditto.
+
+Sun May 15 23:45:11 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h: remove rb_fd_copy() to rb_fd_dup() and
+	  rb_w32_fdcopy() to rb_w32_fd_dup().
+	* win32/win32.c: ditto.
+	* thread.c: ditto.
+
+Sun May 15 22:26:39 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* signal.c (rb_f_kill): accept '-SIGXXX' style signal with Symbol or
+	  implicit conversion with #to_str. [ruby-dev:43169] fixes #4362
+	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (test_signal_process_group): add a test
+	  for send signal to process group.
+
+Sun May 15 21:22:35 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* cont.c (cont_init): clear macihne_stack_start/end of saved thread to
+	  prevent mark machine stack of GC'ed Thread. root Fiber is not
+	  initialized by fiber_init().
+	  based on a patch by Serge Balyuk [ruby-core:35891] fixes #4612
+	* test/ruby/test_fiber.rb (test_gc_root_fiber): add test for it.
+
+Sun May 15 21:04:29 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* transcode.c (econv_init): revert r31353.  [ruby-dev:43512]
+
+Sun May 15 03:39:35 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c:  Improve documentation.  Patch by Vincent Batts.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4695]
+
+Sun May 15 03:23:46 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/erb.rb:  Document ERB::Compiler.  Patch by Simon Chiang.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4694]
+
+Sun May 15 00:58:47 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+	fix mswin32 build error.
+
+	* missing/setproctitle.c: add #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H.
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (MISSING): add setproctitle.obj
+
+Sat May 14 22:45:28 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* missing/setproctitle.c: add to include "ruby/util.h".
+
+Sat May 14 19:52:22 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (TestRubyOptions#test_set_program_name):
+	  add for $0 test.
+
+Sat May 14 19:50:46 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* missing/setproctitle.c (compat_init_setproctitle): use
+	  ruby_strdup() instead of strdup().
+
+Sat May 14 19:37:31 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/missing.h: add setproctitle() declaration.
+	* missing/setproctitle.c: added.
+	* configure.in: add check for missing/setproctitle.c.
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_process_options): add to call compat_init_setproctitle().
+	* ruby.c (set_arg0): remove all platform specific code. it's
+	  moved to missing/setproctitle.c.
+	* ruby.c (origarg): remove len field. It's no longer used.
+	* ruby.c (get_arglen): removed.
+
+	This patch makes a lot of cleanup set_arg0 related code and fixes
+	[Feature #4689].
+
+Sat May 14 17:42:21 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (rb_proc_times): improve documentation.
+	  [ruby-core:35785] fixes #4581, reported by Andrew Grimm.
+
+Sat May 14 12:12:54 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_dsa.rb: Add basic tests and tests that
+	  ensure new public key PEM encoding behavior and ensure backward
+	  compatibility.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4422] [ruby-core:35328]
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_rsa.rb: Remove line with 'puts'.
+
+Sat May 14 12:06:49 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/context.rb (class RDoc):  Fix infinite loop caused by
+	  re-encountering BasicObject.
+
+Sat May 14 10:32:36 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_rsa.rb: Add tests that ensure new public key
+	  encoding behavior and also ensure backward compatibility.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4421] [ruby-core:35327]
+
+Sat May 14 09:50:10 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/yaml/dbm.rb:  Add documentation.  Patch by Justin Collins.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4693]
+	* lib/yaml/store.rb:  ditto
+
+Sat May 14 09:31:43 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc.rb: Updated to RDoc 3.6
+
+Sat May 14 07:30:29 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: released a new gem, so increasing version.
+
+Sat May 14 05:08:32 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.h
+	* test/openssl/pkey/test_pkey_rsa.rb
+	  Reverted premature commit. Sorry for the noise!
+
+Sat May 14 05:02:58 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/uri.rb:  Add toplevel documentation.  Patch by Vincent Batts.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4690]
+
+Sat May 14 04:19:06 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* NEWS: Describe altered behaviour for RSA and DSA public key
+	  encoding. [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4421, Bug #4422]
+	  [ruby-core:35327,35328]
+
+Sat May 14 02:57:52 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/ipaddr.rb (unless Socket):  Document valid*? methods.  Patch by
+	  Sebastian Martinez.  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4687]
+
+Sat May 14 02:54:04 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rexml/functions.rb:  Add some documentation for REXML::Functions.
+	  Patch by Sebastian Martinez.  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4688]
+
+Sat May 14 02:51:42 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb:  Hide private method and state-tracking constants from
+	  RDoc.  Patch by Mark Turner.  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4691]
+
+Fri May 13 19:23:21 2011  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_coerce): Add #flo_coerce documentation.
+	  Patch by Sebastian Martinez.
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/21
+
+Fri May 13 18:42:22 2011  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* README.EXT: fix typo.  Patch by William Blackerby.
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/19
+
+	* README.EXT.ja: ditto.
+
+Fri May 13 15:22:34 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_select): check invalid handle before doing
+	  select operations.  see [ruby-dev:43513], [ruby-dev:43535]
+
+Fri May 13 08:34:00 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/rdoc.rb:  Output summary after documentation report.
+	* lib/rdoc/stats/normal.rb:  Don't output information for users when
+	  we're not on a TTY
+
+Fri May 13 07:49:02 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb:  Hide internal methods from RDoc.  Patch by Darragh
+	  Curran.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4684]
+
+Fri May 13 07:36:23 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/erbhandler.rb:  Add documentation.
+
+Fri May 13 07:04:33 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/mathn.rb:  Fix indentation.  Patch by Jason Dew.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4682]
+
+Fri May 13 06:50:43 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/mathn.rb:  Add documentation.  Patch by Jason Dew.  [Ruby 1.9 -
+	  Feature #4667]
+
+Fri May 13 05:44:19 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb (class Logger):  Document Logger#datetime_format.
+	  Patch by Sergio Gil Perez de la Manga.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4678]
+
+Fri May 13 05:39:11 2011  Eric Hodel <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* re.c (Init_Regexp): Document option constants.  Patch by Vincent
+	  Batts.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4677]
+	* lib/uri/common.rb (module URI):  Documentation for URI.  Patch by
+	  Vincent Batts.  [Ruby 1.9- Bug #4677]
+	* lib/uri/ftp.rb (module URI):  ditto
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (module URI):  ditto
+	* lib/uri/http.rb (module URI):  ditto
+	* lib/uri/https.rb (module URI):  ditto
+	* lib/uri/ldap.rb (module URI):  ditto
+	* lib/uri/ldaps.rb (module URI):  ditto
+	* lib/uri/mailto.rb (module URI):  ditto
+	* process.c (Init_process):  Document Process constants.  Patch by
+	  Vincent Batts.  [Ruby 1.9- Bug #4677]
+
+Fri May 13 05:16:38 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rss/atom.rb (module RSS):  Document URIs.  Patch by Mark Turner.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - #4671]
+	* lib/rss/rss.rb (module RSS):  Document exception classes.  Patch by
+	  Mark Turner.  [Ruby 1.9 - #4671]
+
+Fri May 13 02:15:18 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (select_internal): remove unused variable (interrupt_flag).
+
+Thu May 12 18:24:34 2011  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@clear-code.com>
+
+	* configure.in: limit to "T" type for prefix of external symbols
+	  because x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc on Debian GNU/Linux generates the
+	  following symbol:
+	    0000000068483390 D _GLOBAL__F__conftest_external
+
+	  Approved by nobu.
+
+Thu May 12 14:50:52 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/dl/test_base.rb (Fiddle::LIBC_SO): its always msvc*.dll on
+	  mswin/mingw.
+
+Thu May 12 14:47:53 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (Logging.postpone): copy only when temporary logfile
+	  exists.
+
+Thu May 12 12:24:22 2011  Nobuhiro Iwamatsu  <iwamatsu@nigauri.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: By trunk@31346, function check of SSLv2 is
+	  executed.
+	  However, the problem is not revised in this.
+	  This adds the control of using function of SSLv2 in made macro by
+	  function check.
+
+Thu May 12 08:10:46 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/set.rb (class Set):  Add nodoc to internal-use methods.  Patch
+	  by Pete Higgins.  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4665]
+
+Thu May 12 08:01:14 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c: Allow encryption when PEM-encoding
+	  Elliptic Curve private keys.
+	  [ruby-core:35329] [Bug #4423]
+
+Thu May 12 07:54:59 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_equal):  Add documentation.  Patch by Vincent Batts.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4664]
+	* lib/rexml:  ditto
+	* lib/mkmf.rb:  ditto
+	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb:  ditto
+
+Thu May 12 07:30:08 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* Various .document files: Update .document files to match files which
+	  have documentation.
+
+Thu May 12 07:18:45 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c: Use generic X.509 SubjectPublicKeyInfo
+	  format for PEM-encoding DSA public keys.
+	  [ruby-core:35328] [Bug #4422]
+
+Thu May 12 06:27:31 2011  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c: Use generic X.509 SubjectPublicKeyInfo
+	  format for encoding RSA public keys.
+	  [ruby-core:35327] [Bug #4421]
+
+Wed May 11 19:45:27 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/forwardable.rb: support 'delegate :foo => :bar' for to meet
+	  by specification of RDOC.
+
+Wed May 11 08:36:38 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/webrick: Add documentation for WEBrick::HTTPAuth
+
+Wed May 11 03:06:35 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rss.rb: Add documentation for RSS.  Patch by Steve Klabnik.
+	  [Ruby 1.9 - Bug #4663]
+
+Tue May 10 14:50:32 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: Add option for hiding skip messages when test
+	  ends. #4657
+
+	* test/testunit/test_hideskip.rb, test/testunit/test4test_hideskip.rb:
+	  test for above.
+
+Tue May 10 10:53:04 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* common.mk (rdoc): Add rdoc-coverage rule
+
+Tue May 10 09:13:21 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/webrick: Add Documentation
+
+Tue May 10 04:22:09  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/webrick/log.rb: Hide copyright info from ri
+	* lib/webrick/httpstatus.rb: ditto
+	* lib/webrick/htmlutils.rb: ditto
+	* lib/webrick/httpversion.rb: ditto
+	* lib/webrick/version.rb: ditto
+	* lib/webrick/httpauth/userdb.rb: ditto
+	* lib/webrick/httpauth/authenticator.rb: ditto
+	* lib/webrick/accesslog.rb: ditto
+
+Mon May  9 20:57:13 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_{complex,rational}.rb: added tests.
+
+Mon May  9 20:29:44 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* complex.c (string_to_c_internal): a refactoring.
+
+Mon May  9 18:33:05 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c: Improve documentation for String#start_with? and
+	  String#end_with?. fixes #4652
+	  patched by Andrew Grimm <andrew.j.grimm at gmail.com>
+
+Mon May  9 13:49:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* complex.c (string_to_c_internal): support scientific notation.
+	  patched by Tinco Andringa. https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/16
+	  [ruby-core:36046][Bug #4655]
+
+Mon May  9 11:52:48 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_ord): remove K&R style.
+	  patched by Daehyub Kim. https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/17
+
+Sun May  8 22:17:24 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_{complex2,complexrational}.rb: use skip.
+	* test/date/*.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun May  8 21:02:31 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_{complex2,complexrational}.rb: NEVER SKIP.
+
+Sun May  8 21:01:21 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* test/date/test_date_base.rb: fixed.
+
+Sun May  8 20:54:11 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* test/date/*.rb: NEVER SKIP.
+
+Sun May  8 20:37:33 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* test/date/*.rb: reverted 31432.
+
+Sun May  8 20:32:43 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* test/date/*.rb: reverted 31483.
+
+Sun May  8 19:39:16 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_cond_timedwait): add to care EINTR.
+	* thread_pthread.c (thread_timer): remove EINTR check.
+
+Sun May  8 19:04:15 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* lib/time.rb (xmlschema): avoid passing any negative numbers.
+
+Sun May  8 18:40:03 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_{parse,strptime}.c: introduced some macros.
+
+Sun May  8 17:17:13 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* test/date/*.rb: use skip /w messages.
+
+Sun May  8 17:04:55 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb (_httpdate): omitted to call zone_to_diff.
+
+Sun May  8 16:56:19 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (date_s_test_*): use macros.
+
+Sun May  8 10:24:16 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c: cleanup signal_thread_list related ifdef.
+	  1) we don't have to use #ifdef FOO-PLATFORM directly 2) About
+	  half #ifdef didn't care symbian properly.
+
+Sun May  8 05:19:37 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/io/wait/test_io_wait.rb: Linux socketpair(2) only support
+	  AF_UNIX, but windows socketpair doesn't support it. we can't
+	  avoid platform check. sigh!
+
+Sun May  8 00:13:05 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/io/wait/test_io_wait.rb: use Socket.pair instead of pipe.
+	  Windows can only treat a socket.
+
+Sat May  7 22:43:48 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_fd_zero): remove redundant zero fill.
+
+Sat May  7 22:38:04 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_fd_init): remove volatile qualifier.
+
+Sat May  7 22:34:29 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_fd_init_copy): new internal api. It provide efficient
+	  copy constructor semantics.
+	* thread.c (do_select): use rb_fd_init_copy().
+
+Sat May  7 15:18:06 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+	fix incorrect native_cond_signal call when deadlock was detected.
+
+	* thread.c (lock_func): decrement cond_waiting if timeout was happen.
+
+Sat May  7 18:28:37 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (USE_MONOTONIC_COND): check the availability
+	  more strictly.
+
+	* thread_pthread.h (rb_thread_cond_t): ditto.
+
+Sat May  7 15:15:10 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	fix win32 native_cond_timedwait() makes SIGSEGV.
+
+	* thread_win32.h (rb_thread_cond_struct): add prev field instead of
+	  last. (ie cond_event_entry is now using double linked list instead of
+	  single)
+	* thread_win32.c (cond_event_entry): add prev field.
+
+	* thread_win32.c (__cond_timedwait): remove entry properly if timeout
+	  was happen.
+
+	* thread_win32.c (native_cond_signal): change for double linked list.
+	* thread_win32.c (native_cond_broadcast): ditto.
+	* thread_win32.c (native_cond_initialize): ditto.
+
+Sat May  7 12:41:04 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+	fix mutex deadlock test hang-up.
+
+	* thread_win32.c (abs_timespec_to_timeout_ms): fix 1000x calculation
+	  mistake. (ie fix hang-up native_cond_timedwait())
+
+Sat May  7 03:14:13 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	sleep_cond use monotonic time if possible.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_thread_init): change sleep_cond
+	  attribute to monotonic.
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_sleep): use native_cond_timeout().
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_cond_timeout): add overflow care.
+	* thread_win32.c (native_cond_timeout): ditto.
+
+Sat May  7 02:49:12 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+	  fix win32 compile error.
+
+	* thread_win32.c (RB_CONDATTR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC): define
+	  RB_CONDATTR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC always.
+	* thread_pthread.c (RB_CONDATTR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC): ditto.
+
+Sat May  7 02:29:41 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	  mutex: deadlock check timeout use monotonic time.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_cond_timeout): new internal api.
+	  it calculate a proper time for argument of native_cond_timedwait().
+	* thread_win32.c (native_cond_timeout): ditto.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (thread_timer): use native_cond_timeout()
+	  instead of get_ts.
+	* thread.c (lock_func): ditto.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (get_ts): removed. use native_cond_timeout().
+	* thread.c (init_lock_timeout): ditto.
+
+Sat May  7 01:54:21 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (get_ts): add monotonic clock capability.
+	* thread_pthread.c (rb_thread_create_timer_thread): use monotonic
+	  clock if possible.
+
+Sat May  7 01:43:37 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.h (rb_thread_cond_t): add clockid field. it's
+	  no longer an alias of pthread_cond_t.
+	* thread_pthread.c: adapt new rb_thread_cond_t type.
+	* thread.c (mutex_alloc): ditto.
+	* thread_win32.c (native_cond_initialize): ditto.
+	* configure.in: add check for pthread_cond_attr_setclock() and
+	  clockid_t type.
+
+Fri May  6 23:29:47 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_wait_for_single_fd): use ppoll() instead of poll()
+	  if possible. based on a patch from Eric Wong. [ruby-core:36003].
+
+Fri May  6 23:13:43 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: remove nanosleep check. we no longer use it.
+	  r20124 removed last usage.
+
+Fri May  6 22:35:56 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (mktime_do): extra digits are not used.
+
+Fri May  6 17:43:07 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (mktime_do): remove unused variable offset.
+
+	* ext/syck/syck.h: use #ifdef instead of #if DEBUG.
+
+Fri May  6 16:27:33 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (DAY_IN_NANOSECONDS): refix: 31438.
+	  check with LONG_MAX and cast as long; without this the calculation
+	  will be done as int and overflow.
+
+Fri May  6 15:01:11 2011  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (mktime_do): avoid buffer overrun, by
+	  silently ignoring lesser significant digits.  Required buffer
+	  length can be computable so you might at first think of
+	  allocating enough memory space on the fly using alloca().  That
+	  is a wrong idea because when using alloca there is always risk
+	  of integer overflow.  A function that accepts outer-process
+	  resources like this should not blindly trust its inputs.  In
+	  this particular case we just want to generate milliseconds
+	  resolution by strtod() so the string in question needs no more
+	  length than what we originally have.  Ignoring lesser
+	  significant digits should suffice I believe.
+
+Fri May  6 14:25:53 2011  Tinco Andringa <mail@tinco.nl>
+
+	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (mktime_do): YAML.load time correctly parse
+	  usecs smaller than 1 fixes #4571
+
+Thu May  5 22:23:34 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_mutex_reinitialize_atfork): removed
+	  unused macro.
+	* thread_win32.c (native_mutex_reinitialize_atfork): ditto.
+
+Thu May  5 22:09:39 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (DAY_IN_NANOSECONDS): long long int is not
+	  available on all platforms.
+
+Thu May  5 17:36:31 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* eval.c (frame_func_id): store result of method_entry_of_iseq() to
+	  cfp->me because method_entry_of_iseq() might become expensive.
+
+Thu May  5 15:03:51 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* eval.c (frame_func_id): __method__ return different name from
+	  methods defined by Module#define_method with a same block.
+	  [ruby-core:35386] fixes #4606
+	* eval.c (method_entry_of_iseq): new helper function. search control
+	  frame stack for a method entry which has given iseq.
+	* test/ruby/test_method.rb: add tests for #4606
+
+Wed May  4 22:13:09 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm4_pipe.rb: Reduced iterations. Too slow benchmark
+	  is bad.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm4_thread_pass.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed May  4 22:08:22 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/date/test_date_base.rb: don't use no message skip().
+
+Wed May  4 21:11:28 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_io_select2.rb: reduce number of using file
+	  descriptors. because gdb need some fds.
+
+Wed May  4 19:00:59 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_wait_for_single_fd): Fix wrong return value.
+	* test/-ext-/wait_for_single_fd/test_wait_for_single_fd.rb
+	  (TestWaitForSingleFD#test_wait_for_closed_pipe): test for it.
+
+Wed May  4 18:46:39 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/-test-/wait_for_single_fd: New. for testing
+	  rb_wait_for_single_fd() internal function.
+	  The patch was written by Eric Wong. [ruby-core:35991]
+
+	* test/-ext-/wait_for_single_fd/test_wait_for_single_fd.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed May  4 12:46:25 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_wait_for_single_fd): Added POLLNVAL check.
+	  based on a patch from Eric Wong at [ruby-core:35991].
+
+Wed May  4 11:51:01 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_f_select): remove useless ifdef.
+
+Wed May  4 11:42:47 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/socket/init.c (wait_connectable): fix error handling code.
+	  RB_WAITFD_OUT is turned on even though an error occur.
+
+Wed May  4 10:12:39 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_event): use rb_wait_for_single_fd().
+	The patch was written by Eric Wong. [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4531]
+
+Wed May  4 10:10:28 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/socket/init.c (wait_connectable): use rb_wait_for_single_fd().
+	  The patch was written by Eric Wong. [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4531]
+
+	* ext/socket/init.c (try_wait_connectable, wait_connectable_ensure):
+	  removed.
+
+Wed May  4 10:07:48 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/io/wait/wait.c (io_wait): use rb_wait_for_single_fd().
+	  The patch was written by Eric Wong. [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4531]
+
+Wed May  4 10:01:27 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_wait_for_single_fd): new. poll(2) based backend for
+	  rb_wait_for_single_fd().
+	  Now only Linux uses it.
+
+	The patch was written by Eric Wong. [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4531]
+
+Wed May  4 09:56:57 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_wait_for_single_fd): new.
+	* thread.c (select_single): select(2) based backend for
+	  rb_wait_for_single_fd().
+
+	* io.c (make_writeconv): use rb_wait_for_single_fd() instead of
+	  rb_thread_fd_select().
+	* io.c (rb_io_wait_readable): ditto.
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_wait_fd_rw): ditto.
+
+	* io.c (wait_readable): removed.
+	* thread.c (init_set_fd): new helper function.
+	* include/ruby/io.h (RB_WAITFD_IN, RB_WAITFD_PRI, RB_WAITFD_OUT):
+	  new constant for rb_single_wait_fd().
+
+	The patch was written by Eric Wong. [Ruby 1.9 - Feature #4531]
+
+Wed May  4 08:04:59 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: fix time dumping so that
+	  Syck can load UTC times that Psych dumps.
+
+Wed May  4 07:33:00 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_fd_copy): fix wrong argument.This issue was pointed
+	  out by Eric Wong. [ruby-core:35982]
+
+Tue May  3 20:29:33 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb (TestFileUtils#test_chmod_symbol_mode):
+	  Skip sticky bit test if the platform is FreeBSD. It doesn't allow to
+	  change sticky bit if a target is regular file.
+
+Tue May  3 18:23:57 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* test/date/test_date.rb (TestDate#test_coerce):
+	  test for [ruby-core:35127].
+
+Tue May  3 04:27:53 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_select): preserve errno if no error
+	  occurred.
+
+Tue May  3 03:57:04 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_w32_fdcopy): add prototype.  fixes
+	  #4640
+
+Mon May  2 01:02:04 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#chmod): accept symbolic mode argument.
+	  The patch was written by takkanm. [ruby-core:26029][Feature #2190]
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#fu_mode): new helper function.
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#symbolic_modes_to_i): ditto.
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#mode_mask): ditto.
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#user_mask): ditto.
+
+	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb (TestFileUtils#test_chmod_symbol_mode):
+	  new test for the above symbolic mode.
+	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb (TestFileUtils#test_chmod_R): ditto.
+
+Mon May  2 00:36:12 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_connect): add to care EINTR. based
+	  on a patch from Eric Wong at [ruby-core:35621][Bug #4555]
+
+Sun May  1 01:06:24 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_select): release GVL while waiting select().
+
+Sat Apr 30 23:10:15 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_fdcopy): New. This can copy even though
+	  fdset size exceed FD_SETSIZE.
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_fd_copy): use rb_w32_fdcopy()
+
+Sat Apr 30 20:18:43 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (do_select): Change argument type to rb_fdset_t.
+	  Now do_select() is free from unexpected hangup if
+	  HAVE_RB_FD_INIT=1 [Bug #4636]
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_fd_select, rb_thread_wait_fd_rw):
+	  adapt new argument type.
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_select): make dummy implementation.
+
+Sat Apr 30 20:16:53 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_fd_copy): Change function argument. Now
+	  rb_fd_copy() has fully copy semantics.
+	* include/ruby/intern.h: ditto.
+
+Sat Apr 30 20:11:47 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_thread_select): mark as deprecated.
+
+	* ext/io/wait/wait.c (wait_readable): use rb_thread_fd_select
+	  instead of rb_thread_select.
+	* ext/socket/init.c (wait_connectable0): ditto.
+	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_event): ditto.
+	* io.c (rb_io_wait_readable, wait_readable, rb_io_wait_writable,
+	  wait_writable): ditto.
+
+Sat Apr 30 20:06:36 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (do_select): remove useless ifdef. time calculation
+	  is not heavy weight.
+
+Sat Apr 30 16:48:36 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_io_select3.rb: New.
+
+Sat Apr 30 16:27:09 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (copy_stream_body, rb_io_s_copy_stream): move rb_fd_init()
+	  from copy_stream_body to rb_io_s_copy_stream. fds of passing
+	  rb_fd_term() have to be guaranteed initialized.
+
+Sat Apr 30 16:13:17 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_io_select.rb, benchmark/bm_io_select2.rb: New.
+	  based on a patch from Eric Wong at [Feature #4531]
+
+Sat Apr 30 03:25:53 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/io/wait/test_io_wait.rb: New. for testing ext/io/wait.
+	  the patch was written by Eric Wong. [Feature #4531]
+
+Sat Apr 30 00:34:56 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/win32.h: remove redundant declaration of
+	  rb_w32_time_subtract().
+
+Sat Apr 30 00:16:40 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (gvl_init): fix hangup if GVL_SIMPLE_LOCK=1.
+	  We don't have to call mutex_unlock() before initialize it!
+
+Fri Apr 29 13:15:15 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_win32.c (native_cond_timedwait): New. r31373 caused
+	  win32 build failure.
+
+	* thread_win32.c (__cond_timedwait, abs_timespec_to_timeout_ms):
+	  New helper functions.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_time_subtract): rename from subtract and
+	  remove static.
+
+Fri Apr 29 10:43:09 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm4_pipe.rb: Add two new benchmark for GVL
+	  performance. They was written by Koichi Sasada.
+	* benchmark/bm_vm4_thread_pass.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Apr 29 10:25:31 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_clear_cache_by_class): Revert r29673. It made
+	  a segmentation fault regression. [Bug #4289][ruby-core:34554].
+
+Fri Apr 29 10:24:51 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (make_writeconv): do not add textmode newline decorator if any
+	  newline decorator is set already.  fixes #4618, fixes #4619
+
+Fri Apr 29 10:17:42 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (lock_func): small cleanup.
+
+Fri Apr 29 10:07:13 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_mutex_lock, lock_func): Avoid busy loop and
+	  performance regression. bm_vm3_thread_mutex.rb performance
+	  change from 109.064sec to 16.331sec. [Feature #4607]
+
+	* thread.c (init_lock_timeout): New helper function.
+
+Thu Apr 28 16:15:49 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/{win32.c,dir.h} (rb_w32_uopendir): new API to pass UTF-8 path.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (opendir_internal, rb_w32_opendir): extract and merge
+	  common part of rb_w32_opendir() and rb_w32_uopendir().
+
+	* dir.c (do_opendir, glob_helper): encoding.
+
+	* dir.c (dir_initialize, do_opendir): convert path to UTF-8 and call
+	  rb_w32_uopendir() instead of rb_w32_opendir() on Windows.
+	  fixes #4491, reported by Joey Zhou.
+
+Thu Apr 28 15:32:53 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/dl/test_base.rb (DL::LIBC_SO): its always msvc*.dll on
+	  mswin/mingw.
+
+Thu Apr 28 06:07:06 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb (CSV::open): suppress universal newline decorator.
+	  fixes #4603
+
+	* lib/csv.rb (CSV.read): no mode is needed.
+
+Thu Apr 28 06:06:56 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_extract_modeenc, rb_f_backquote): set default text
+	  mode.  fixes #4619
+
+	* io.c (pipe_open): set universal newline decorator if needed.
+
+Wed Apr 27 11:33:08 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/trans/emoji_iso2022_kddi.trans: ISO-2022-JP-KDDI doesn't have
+	  CP932 UDA. Another reason is emacs-mule: the implementation of
+	  stateless-iso-2022-jp doesn't support beyond 94x94 (0x7fxx);
+	  but CP932 UDA is in 7Fxx-92xx.
+
+Wed Apr 27 07:42:44 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (STRIP): use proper toolchain.  based on a patch
+	  from Jon Forums at [ruby-core:35909].  fixes #4617
+
+Wed Apr 27 01:20:59 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (date_zone_to_diff): renamed.
+	* ext/date/date_parse.c: ditto.
+	* ext/date/date_strptime.c: ditto.
+
+Wed Apr 27 01:16:59 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* encoding.c (enc_find): accept Encoding objects.
+
+Wed Apr 27 00:55:56 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* transcode.c (econv_opts): add newline option.
+
+	* io.c (validate_enc_binmode, rb_io_extract_modeenc): set newline
+	  decorator according to open mode.
+
+	* transcode.c (rb_econv_prepare_options): new function, to prepare
+	  econv options with newline flags.
+
+	* include/ruby/encoding.h (ECONV_NEWLINE_DECORATOR_MASK): add.
+
+Wed Apr 27 00:51:01 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_truncate): fix function.
+
+	* include/ruby/win32.h (ftruncate, truncate, ftello, fseeko): non-64
+	  versions on mingw are useless because they use int32_t.  fixes #4564
+
+Wed Apr 27 00:50:33 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: modified validation methods.
+	* ext/date/lib/date.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Apr 27 00:00:37 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (dt_lite_set_tmx): should get df value.
+
+Tue Apr 26 22:34:04 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb (_iso8601): allowed day only civil
+	  date.  disallowed separatorless day only ordinal date.
+
+Mon Apr 25 21:31:36 2011  Nobuhiro Iwamatsu  <iwamatsu@nigauri.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: Should check SSLv2_*method.
+	  openssl compiled with "no-ssl2" the extconf don't fail
+	  when running `make' having this compilation errors.
+	  Patched by Laurent Arnoud. fixes #4562, #4556
+
+Mon Apr 25 20:53:32 2011  Tajima, Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (kill): accept 0 only sig is SIGINT #4596
+
+Mon Apr 25 19:59:47 2011  Tajima, Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (kill): accept 0 as pid, fixes #4596
+
+Mon Apr 25 16:43:45 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* random.c (random_rand): remove unused variables.
+
+	* struct.c (rb_struct_define_without_accessor): ditto.
+
+	* strftime.c (rb_strftime_with_timespec): ditto.
+
+	* sprintf.c: ditto.
+
+	* time.c (time_asctime): remove useless GetTimeval().
+
+	* thread_pthread.c: cast to (void *) for %p.
+
+Mon Apr 25 11:02:11 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/ripper/lib/ripper/sexp.rb: fix rdoc around sexp.
+	  patched by Sho Hashimoto. fixes #4599
+
+Mon Apr 25 08:24:04 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* random.c (rb_f_rand, random_s_rand): RDocs for them.
+
+Mon Apr 25 07:18:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* random.c (random_s_rand, Init_Random): Random.rand should behave as
+	  Random::DEFAULT.rand rather than Kernel#rand.
+
+	* random.c (rand_range, random_rand): rand_range function extracted
+	  from random_rand function.
+
+	* random.c (rb_f_rand): accept a Range argument as Random#rand
+	  [ruby-dev:43427] #4605
+
+Mon Apr 25 03:31:06 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* lib/time.rb: require 'date'.
+	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb: removed require line.
+
+Mon Apr 25 03:08:39 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb: require 'date'.
+
+Mon Apr 25 03:04:16 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb (_iso8601): added a pattern.
+
+Mon Apr 25 02:51:22 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb: require 'date_core.so'.
+	  date/format needs methods which are now in date_core.so.
+	  This breaks make rdoc which uses Date._parse from time.rb.
+
+Mon Apr 25 02:47:46 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb (_iso8601): fixed a bug of regex.
+
+Mon Apr 25 02:12:26 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb: an adjustment of regex.
+
+Mon Apr 25 01:58:50 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb: omitted to call _parse.
+
+Mon Apr 25 01:03:03 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c (rb_to_id): remove unused variable.
+
+Sun Apr 24 22:19:05 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* complex.c, rational.c: omitted some method calls.
+
+Sun Apr 24 02:57:27 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_parse.c (n2i): takes long.
+
+Sun Apr 24 02:51:06 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_parse.c: reverted.
+
+Sun Apr 24 02:25:23 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h: pcc can't use __builtin_constant_p.
+
+	* vm_exec.c: change condition.
+
+Sun Apr 24 01:58:01 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (leap_p): suppress warning: parentheses.
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (date_s__parse_internal): remove unused
+	  variable "str".
+
+	* ext/date/date_parse.c (parse_ddd_cb): use RSTRING_LENINT.
+
+	* ext/date/date_strftime.c (date_strftime_with_tmx): remove unused
+	  variable.
+
+Sun Apr 24 00:34:23 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_parse.c: removed some unused macros.  use strchr()
+	  instead of index().
+
+Sat Apr 23 21:29:42 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: replacement of implementation of
+	  _parse.  [experimental]
+	* ext/date/date_parse.c: new.
+	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb: removed ruby version of _parse.
+
+Fri Apr 22 12:04:15 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_sort_bang): fix rdoc.
+	  patched by burningTyger. https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/11
+
+Fri Apr 22 11:49:49 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/xmlrpc/create.rb (XMLRPC::Create#conv2value):
+	  XML-RPC's int is 32bit int, and Fixnum also may be beyond 32bit.
+
+	* lib/xmlrpc/create.rb (XMLRPC::Create#conv2value):
+	  XML-RPC doesn't allow Infinity and NaN.
+	  http://www.xmlrpc.com/spec
+
+Fri Apr 22 04:16:14 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/parser.c (parse): strings from psych have proper taint
+	  markings.
+
+	* test/psych/test_tainted.rb: test for string taint
+
+Thu Apr 21 01:30:02 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* random.c (rb_f_srand): fix rdoc: srand(0)'s 0 is a seed.
+	  [ruby-core:35833] fixes #4590
+
+Thu Apr 21 01:01:28 2011  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (CreateChild): maximum length of lpCommandLine is
+	  32,768 characters, including the Unicode terminating null character.
+
+Wed Apr 20 21:32:11 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_strptime.c (date__strptime_internal): do not
+	  overwrite local variables.
+
+Wed Apr 20 14:41:28 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_each_line): check string's length when compare
+	  separator and string. [ruby-core:35815] fixes #4586
+
+Wed Apr 20 00:02:13 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-partial): use position of open paren.
+
+Tue Apr 19 01:00:21 2011  Tajima Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_cross_thread_close_fd):
+	  skip cross thread pipe close if windows
+
+Mon Apr 18 12:15:46 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_range.rb (TestRange#test_step_ruby_core_35753):
+	  avoid float error. [ruby-core:35804]
+
+Sun Apr 17 00:20:14 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_{core,strftime}.c: use struct tmx instead of vtm.
+	* ext/date/date_tmx.h: new.
+
+Sat Apr 16 22:23:52 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_strftime.c (date_strftime_wo_timespec): changed
+	  the way of validation of locale modifiers.
+
+Sat Apr 16 21:55:12 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: replacement of implementation of
+	  _strptime.  [experimental]
+	* ext/date/date_strptime.c: new.
+	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb: removed ruby version of _strptime.
+
+Sat Apr 16 10:18:30 2011  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* vm.c (Init_VM): suppress warning: "OPT_BASIC_OPERATIONS" is not
+	  defined.
+
+Fri Apr 15 23:41:18 2011  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): suppress warning:
+	  "ALLOW_DEFAULT_SOURCE_ENCODING" is not defined.
+
+Fri Apr 15 15:10:29 2011  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (#route_from_path): Fix a bug where
+	  URI('http://h/b/').route_to('http://h/b') wrongly returned './'
+	  (should be '../b'). [Bug #4476]
+
+Fri Apr 15 14:58:06 2011  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#touch): Fix corrupted output when
+	  mtime is specified in addition to nocreate (and verbose).
+	  ref [ruby-dev:43401]
+
+Thu Apr 14 23:43:43 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (ruby_float_step): wrong loop condition.
+	  fixes [ruby-core:35753], reported by Joey Zhou.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_range.rb (TestRange#test_step_ruby_core_35753):
+	  test above change.
+
+Thu Apr 14 22:48:12 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Options#setup_options): set possible
+	  values for completion. no conversion is needed.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Runner::Worker#initialize): use
+	  positional arguments instead of keyword arguments.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Runner#jobs_status): io/console may
+	  not be available. use 80 as the last resort if IO#winsize and
+	  COLUMNS are unavailable.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Runner::Worker#died): rename using a
+	  verb.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Runner#_run_parallel): check if worker
+	  is signaled and use its exit status.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Runner::Worker#dead): no longer @in
+	  and @out are separated.
+
+Thu Apr 14 21:23:29 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_autoload_p): search superclasses as same as actual
+	  loading.  fixes [ruby-core:35679]
+
+Thu Apr 14 21:21:06 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/win32.h (frexp, modf): wrongly declared as pure in
+	  mingw math.h.
+
+	* include/ruby/win32.h (ftruncate, truncate): mingw64 misses
+	  prototypes.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_read): suppress warning.
+
+Thu Apr 14 19:55:54 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils#touch): fix corrupted output when
+	  FileUtils.touch(:nocreate => true, :verbose => true) case.
+	  The patch was written by Hiroyuki Iwatsuki. [ruby-dev:43401]
+
+Thu Apr 14 16:01:45 2011  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_f_syscall): suppress warning: "HAVE___SYSCALL" is not
+	  defined.
+
+Thu Apr 14 00:41:09 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_fd_close_i): IOError exception should be assigned
+	  to rb_thread_t::thrown_errinfo.
+
+Wed Apr 13 20:12:26 2011  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_fdatasync): remove unused variable.
+
+Tue Apr 12 20:54:12 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/st.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Apr 12 19:19:50 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb: avoid race condition. fixes #4572
+
+Tue Apr 12 18:07:13 2011  TAKAO Kouji  <kouji@takao7.net>
+
+	* ext/readline/extconf.rb: --disable-libedit to disable
+	  libedit. fixes #4550
+
+Tue Apr 12 10:37:39 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/win32.h: VC doesn't have ftruncate() and others, but
+	  ruby needs HAVE_ macros to use our emulation functions.
+	  (fix the problem of 31262)
+
+Tue Apr 12 01:33:00 2011  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: properly evaluate existence of truncate, ftruncate
+	  and ftello for MinGW. [ruby-core:35678]
+	* win32/win32.c: rename truncate, ftruncate and ftello to avoid
+	  redefinitions.
+	* win32/win32.h: ditto.
+
+Mon Apr 11 21:51:52 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c: revert r31230. Because it made a regression.
+	  [ruby-core:35631]
+
+Mon Apr 11 21:49:18 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb: Added TestIO#test_cross_thread_close_stdio
+	  and TestIO#test_cross_thread_close_fd.
+	  The patch was written by Eric Wong. [ruby-core:35669]
+
+Mon Apr 11 21:15:54 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* file.c (rb_group_member): kill 256K of stack usage.
+	  the patch was written by Eric Wong. [ruby-core:35699]
+
+Mon Apr 11 07:24:13 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c:  Fix typo, document version constants.
+
+Sun Apr 10 22:23:45 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sat Apr  9 23:31:47 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_each, strio_readlines):
+	  Use `NUM2LONG` instead of `FIX2INT`. Fixes [ruby-dev:43395].
+
+Sat Apr  9 23:22:27 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_each):
+	  Fix exception message and don't raise immediately if block is not
+	  given.
+	  Fixes [ruby-dev:43394].
+
+	* test/stringio/test_stringio.rb (test_each_line_limit_0):
+	  Fix test for above.
+
+Sat Apr  9 21:54:15 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_each, strio_readlines):
+	  limit must not be zero. Fixes [ruby-dev:43392].
+
+	* test/stringio/test_stringio.rb: Add tests for above.
+
+Sat Apr  9 18:01:36 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/util.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Fri Apr  8 16:01:56 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_getline): check whether str is
+	  a string when str and lim are given.
+	  https://twitter.com/watson1978/status/56225052152168449
+
+Thu Apr  7 20:03:52 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/io.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Wed Apr  6 21:08:31 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Wed Apr  6 15:12:40 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c (ossl_dh_initialize):
+	  pop pushed error after each try of reading. fixes #4550
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c (ossl_dsa_initialize): ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c (ossl_ec_initialize): ditto.
+
+Wed Apr  6 11:36:44 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c (ossl_rsa_initialize):
+	  pop pushed error after each try of reading. fixes #4550
+
+Tue Apr  5 20:33:43 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/encoding.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Mon Apr  4 22:02:16 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/io/nonblock/nonblock.c (io_nonblock_set): Avoid F_SETFL if
+	  we're not changing the O_NONBLOCK bit. F_SETFL is an expensive
+	  operation since it needs to affect all processes with the same
+	  file object.
+	  The patch is written by Eric Wong. [ruby-core:35556]
+
+Mon Apr  4 21:41:26 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_syswrite): While local FS writes are usually
+	  buffered, the buffers can be full or the file opened with
+	  O_SYNC. IO#syswrite can also be used on blocking IOs
+	  (pipe/socket) just like IO#write.
+	  The patch is written by Eric Wong. [ruby-core:35554]
+
+Mon Apr  4 11:50:40 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/test_tempfile.rb: simply ignore platform dependent testcases
+	  instead of skipping.
+
+Sun Apr  3 22:52:22 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/syslog/syslog.c: improve rdoc.
+	  a patch by Jonas Pfenniger. [ruby-core:35592] fixes #4545
+
+Sun Apr  3 22:10:09 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sun Apr  3 21:33:58 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: disable fdatasync again on Mac OS X.
+	  [ruby-core:35493][Bug #4500]
+
+Sun Apr  3 21:16:20 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (io_reopen): IO#close releases GVL if possible.
+	  close() may block for certain file types (NFS, SO_LINGER
+	  sockets, inotify), so let other threads run. The patch was
+	  created by Eric Wong [ruby-core:35555][Bug #4527]
+
+	* io.c (fptr_finalize): ditto.
+
+	* io.c (maygvl_fclose): new.
+	* io.c (nogvl_fclose): ditto.
+	* io.c (maygvl_close): ditto.
+	* io.c (nogvl_close): ditto.
+
+Fri Apr  1 22:25:50 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/syslog/syslog.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Fri Apr 1 18:53:06 2011  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/cookie.rb (WEBrick::Cookie.parse): 'white space is
+	  permitted between tokens' according to RFC2965. Though 'Netscape
+	  spec' does not define the syntax clearly, make it tolerant as a
+	  server. As a real-world example, rest-client gem sends
+	  'Cookie: foo=1;bar=2'
+
+	* test/webrick/test_cookie.rb (test_parse_non_whitespace): test it.
+
+Fri Apr  1 13:19:20 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS_TH): merge a patch by ko1
+	  in [ruby-dev:43373].
+
+Thu Mar 31 23:15:46 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-brace-to-do-end, ruby-do-end-to-brace):
+	  adjust space between block beginning and block arguments
+
+Thu Mar 31 20:42:05 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/strscan/strscan.c:  parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Thu Mar 31 18:06:12 2011  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_get_ev_const): should ignore crefs with
+	  the NODE_FL_CREF_PUSHED_BY_EVAL flag.
+
+Thu Mar 31 16:49:56 2011  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_get_ev_const): search root cref properly.
+	  [ruby-dev:43365]
+
+Thu Mar 31 14:50:25 2011  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_s_constants): should ignore crefs with
+	  the NODE_FL_CREF_PUSHED_BY_EVAL flag.
+
+Wed Mar 30 22:55:47 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-toggle-block): toggle do/end and {}.
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-move-to-block): move to opening of
+	  block.
+
+Wed Mar 30 14:35:15 2011  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h (COPY_CREF): should copy
+	  the NODE_FL_CREF_PUSHED_BY_EVAL flag to hide constants from
+	  methods defined by class_eval.  [ruby-dev:43365]
+
+Wed Mar 30 00:24:53 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Mar 29 21:51:31 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* object.c (rb_String): Kernel#String should call to_str before to_s.
+
+Tue Mar 29 10:28:08 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/webrick/test_filehandler.rb
+	  (WEBrick::TestFileHandler#test_short_filename): the cgi doesn't exist
+	  on current directory.
+
+Tue Mar 29 05:19:57 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Mar 29 00:03:51 2011 Tajima Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
+
+	* test/webrick/test_filehandler.rb (test_short_filename):
+	  read real short filename by cmd because smb mounted files
+	  have different naming convention.
+
+Mon Mar 28 11:38:08 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (date_s_today): use int for year.
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (datetime_s_now): ditto.
+
+Mon Mar 28 11:07:41 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb: set MFLAGS from MAKEFLAGS when using nmake.
+
+Mon Mar 28 11:07:00 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (love): all you need is love.
+
+Sun Mar 27 23:16:31 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ipsocket.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sun Mar 27 16:55:34 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-mode-map): remove unnecessary
+	  binding. fixes
+	  http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=468952
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el: suppress warnings at byte compile.  fixes
+	  http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=502926
+
+Sun Mar 27 11:18:35 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: removed unused variables.
+
+Sat Mar 26 15:16:09 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/getaddrinfo.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sat Mar 26 05:27:34 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb (DateTime#strftime): removed because
+	  date_core defines it.
+
+Fri Mar 25 21:59:45 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: should not force cast with macros.
+
+Fri Mar 25 21:56:10 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/sdbm/init.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Fri Mar 25 19:39:40 2011  Ben Walton <bwalton@artsci.utoronto.ca>
+
+	* test/test_syslog.rb:
+	  Skip syslog tests that rely on LOG_PERROR unless it's defined
+
+	  Instead of checking looking at the platform to determine if the tests
+	  relying on LOG_PERROR should be run, look for the definition of the
+	  constant as this will be robust against all platforms as long as the
+	  underlying syslog.c code sets it up correctly.
+
+	  This specifically addresses failures on Solaris 9.
+
+	  Use LOG_PID instead of LOG_PERROR in Syslog.open test
+
+	  LOG_PERROR isn't a POSIX option for syslog, so it fails on platforms
+	  that don't define it.  Solaris 9 and 10 are examples of this.
+
+	  Use LOG_PID instead.
+
+Fri Mar 25 15:42:17 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/sdbm/_sdbm.c (sdbm_open): use size_t.
+
+	* ext/syck/bytecode.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/sdbm/_sdbm.c (delpair): use ptrdiff_t.
+
+	* ext/sdbm/init.c: use RSTRING_LENINT.
+
+	* ext/dl/handle.c: suppress warning: shorten-64-to-32.
+
+	* ext/strscan/strscan.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/syck/emitter.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/syck/implicit.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/syck/syck.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/syck/token.c: ditto.
+
+Fri Mar 25 12:14:58 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c: import nkf 7f18e30.
+
+Fri Mar 25 11:49:29 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (TestProcess#test_no_curdir): skip silently
+	  on Windows, because this tests a platform specific feature and it'll
+	  never be supported on ruby on Windows.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_dir_m17n.rb
+	  (TestDir_M17N#test_filename_extutf8_invalid,
+	  TestDir_M17N#test_filename_as_bytes_extutf8): ditto.
+
+	* test/open-uri/test_open-uri.rb
+	  (TestOpenURI#test_find_proxy_case_sensitive_env): ditto.
+
+	* test/dl/test_handle.rb (DL::TestHandle#test_NEXT,
+	  DL::TestHandle#test_DEFAULT): ditto.
+
+Thu Mar 24 23:06:29 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_get_ev_const): should not autoload in
+	  defined? mode.
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_defined_0): fix autoloading base.
+	  [ruby-core:35509]
+
+Thu Mar 24 22:48:43 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/sdbm/_sdbm.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Thu Mar 24 14:45:57 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c: suppress warning: shorten-64-to-32.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.h: ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_bio.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_hmac.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ns_spki.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs5.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509ext.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c: ditto.
+
+Thu Mar 24 11:48:19 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c (ossl_rand_egd_bytes): use NUM2INT because
+	  the result is used with functions whose argument is int.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_sslctx_setup): ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c (ossl_x509store_set_purpose): ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c (ossl_x509store_set_trust): ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c (ossl_x509stctx_set_purpose): ditto.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c (ossl_x509stctx_set_trust): ditto.
+
+Thu Mar 24 11:36:55 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c: id_aref's type is ID.
+
+Thu Mar 24 10:04:35 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_set_winsize):
+	  suppress warning: shorten-64-to-32.
+
+Thu Mar 24 09:56:19 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c (ossl_ocspreq_verify): flags is VALUE,
+	  so it should use NUM2INT.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c (ossl_ocspbres_verify): ditto.
+
+Wed Mar 23 21:09:29 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/readline/readline.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Wed Mar 23 08:07:33 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_round): fix inaccurate results.
+
+Wed Mar 23 00:12:16 2011  Tajima Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
+
+	* win32/win32.c: wait process real termination after reading
+	  exit code. fixes #4518
+
+Tue Mar 22 21:20:10 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb: save current dir to @current_dir
+	  before Dir.chdir.
+
+Tue Mar 22 20:10:04 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/psych/parser.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Mar 22 20:10:01 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ruby_missing.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Mar 22 13:33:22 2011  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/buffering.rb: removed circular require of
+	  openssl.rb.
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/*: removed following comment for transition
+	  measures of avoiding circular require. No one claimed about this as
+	  far as I know.
+	  ##
+	  # Should we care what if somebody require this file directly?
+	  # require "openssl"
+
+Tue Mar 22 10:57:36 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/runner.rb: set Gem::TestCase's @@project_dir.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb: set Gem::TestCase's @@project_dir only
+	  when it is not defined.
+
+Tue Mar 22 09:38:19 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (flo_round): use pow instead of while-loop. fixes #4510
+	  patched by Alex Young [ruby-core:35526]
+
+Tue Mar 22 06:47:46 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_strftime.c (date_strftime_wo_timespec):
+	  suppress warning: shorten-64-to-32.
+
+Tue Mar 22 06:42:42 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: suppress warning: shorten-64-to-32.
+
+Tue Mar 22 06:41:37 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: remove unused variable.
+
+Tue Mar 22 06:19:42 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/utf_16le.c: suppress warning: shorten-64-to-32.
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c: ditto.
+
+	* ext/gdbm/gdbm.c: ditto.
+
+	* parse.y (Init_ripper): suppress warning: unused value.
+
+Mon Mar 21 11:21:32 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: Refactoring. Unified if and elsif.
+
+Sun Mar 20 23:09:34 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_strftime.c: checks duplicated modifiers.
+
+Sun Mar 20 22:32:30 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_strftime.c: removed unused code and arguments.
+
+Sun Mar 20 21:34:49 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: replacement of implementation of
+	  strftime. It has some limitations that is same as Time's
+	  one.  [experimental]
+	* ext/date/date_strftime.c: new.
+	* ext/date/lib/date/format.rb: removed ruby version of strftime.
+
+Sun Mar 20 12:43:12 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sun Mar 20 01:39:48 2011  Tajima Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
+
+	* hash.c (ruby_setenv): check env process block size with OS ver.
+	* win32/win32.c: export rb_w32_osver for above patch.
+	* include/ruby/win32.h: declare rb_w32_osver for Win32 Libs.
+
+Sat Mar 19 18:35:05 2011  Tajima Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
+
+	* hash.c (ruby_setenv): calculate total env block size for win32.
+	* test/ruby/test_env.rb: add test for above patch.
+
+Sat Mar 19 17:14:46 2011  Tajima Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
+
+	* hash.c (ruby_setenv): checking with max process environment
+	  block size for Win32. 32767 for 2000/XP, 2003. if failed to
+	  read the block, then checking with 5120 for earlier Windows.
+
+Sat Mar 19 12:30:25 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509revoked.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Fri Mar 18 20:44:36 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509req.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Fri Mar 18 08:48:06 2011  Oleg Shaldybin  <oleg.shaldybin@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils::Entry_#copy_file): updated FileUtils.cp
+	  to still copy file permissions when :preserve is false (as cp does
+	  this even when -p isn't set).
+
+Fri Mar 18 00:59:38 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/extconf.rb (create_docfile): removed.  should not
+	  modify source directory unnecessarily, platform dependent
+	  documentation should be dealt with by rdoc.  [ruby-core:35495]
+
+Fri Mar 18 00:54:20 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_funcall_passing_block): add prototype.
+	  a patch by James M. Lawrence at [ruby-core:35501]
+
+Wed Mar 17 06:23:31 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Wed Mar 16 20:36:56 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/ipsocket.c (init_inetsock_internal): raise an error on
+	  listen(2) failure.
+	  reported by Xavier Shay.  [ruby-core:35505]
+
+Wed Mar 16 15:06:21 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/buffering.rb (module OpenSSL): #flush should
+	  not change sync mode on exception.
+	* test/openssl/test_buffering.rb: added
+
+Wed Mar 16 13:45:28 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/buffering.rb: de-nest Buffering module
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/buffering.rb: add RDoc
+
+Wed Mar 16 08:40:39 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509ext.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Mar 15 18:34:27 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509crl.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Mar 15 09:49:03 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* test/misc/test_ruby_mode.rb (test_singleton_class): Skip for Pending.
+
+Mon Mar 14 21:20:44 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_require.rb (test_require_too_long_filename):
+	  increase path length, because MAXPATHLEN is defined as 4096 on linux.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_require.rb (test_require_path_home_1): ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_require.rb (test_require_path_home_2): ditto.
+
+Mon Mar 14 19:54:37 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sun Mar 13 18:11:28 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509attr.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sun Mar 13 16:07:58 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/pstore.rb: Fix don't raise "nested transaction" when thread_safe
+	  is true. Patch by Masaki Matsushita (Glass_saga). [ruby-dev:43337]
+
+	* test/test_pstore.rb: Test for above.
+	  Patch by Masaki Matsushita (Glass_saga) [ruby-dev:43337]
+
+Sat Mar 12 04:12:41 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sat Mar 12 02:27:07 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c ({d,dt}_lite_marshal_load): checks the given
+	  argument.
+
+Sat Mar 12 01:26:24 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: changed some directives.
+
+Sat Mar 12 01:16:02 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c, ext/date/lib/*: moved rdoc descriptions.
+
+Sat Mar 12 00:06:24 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/lib: moved from lib.
+
+Fri Mar 11 23:32:38 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* lib/date/delta*: removed undocumented delta.
+
+Fri Mar 11 18:42:43 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (find_executable0): should exclude directories.
+
+Fri Mar 11 01:40:35 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (proc_getmaxgroups, proc_setmaxgroups): Process#maxgroups
+	  and Process#maxgroups= now raise NotImplementedError if the
+	  platform don't support supplementary groups concept.
+
+Fri Mar 11 01:25:03 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (get_sc_ngroups_max): return -1 if platform don't
+	  support NGROUPS_MAX.
+
+Thu Mar 10 22:28:15 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Thu Mar 10 21:59:37 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_encode_length): add exception as UTF8-MAC for
+	  magic comment's emacs newline specifier
+	  patched by James M. Lawrence [ruby-core:35476] fixes #4489
+
+Thu Mar 10 16:00:22 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_encode_length): fix typo: the length of
+	  "-dos" and "-mac" is not 5 but 4.
+	  patched by James M. Lawrence [ruby-core:35476] fixes #4489
+
+Thu Mar 10 10:52:01 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_require.rb: setting too long string to ENV causes
+	  Errno::EINVAL on Windows.  long path name errors may causes over
+	  about 1024 bytes, then limit it about 4000 bytes.
+
+Thu Mar 10 10:09:35 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Runner::Worker#read): fix for the case
+	  when IO#read or IO#gets returns nil.
+
+Thu Mar 10 07:12:03 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
+
+	* lib/rubygems*: Import rubygems 1.6.2 (release candidate @ 2026fbb5)
+	* test/rubygems: Ditto
+	* test/runner.rb: Added test to load path to fix test requires.
+
+Thu Mar 10 03:00:43 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Wed Mar  9 23:51:26 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb (test_io_new_enc): "sjis" is now an alias
+	  of Windows-31J.
+
+Wed Mar  9 23:06:13 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-partial): fix indent after aref.
+
+Wed Mar  9 12:50:24 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: Rescue exceptions when
+	  people implement the method method. Thanks Lin Jen-Shin.
+	  [ruby-core:35255]
+
+	* test/psych/visitors/test_yaml_tree.rb: test for implementation of
+	  method method.
+
+Wed Mar  9 11:53:31 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/shift_jis.c: Change SJIS as an alias of Windows-31J.
+	  [ruby-dev:43027] fixes #4280
+
+	* enc/shift_jis.c: Add PCK as an alias of Windows-31J.
+
+Wed Mar  9 00:45:29 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb: nmake substitutes all occurrences in macro.
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb: workaround for nmake.
+
+Tue Mar  8 23:49:45 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (proc_setgroups): cleanup.
+
+Tue Mar  8 23:40:30 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/misc/test_ruby_mode.rb: test for ruby-mode.el.
+
+Tue Mar  8 23:27:38 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (get_sc_ngroups_max): try to use NGROUPS_MAX at first if
+	  _SC_NGROUP_MAX is not defined.
+
+Tue Mar  8 23:10:16 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-partial): fix for array in block.
+
+Tue Mar  8 21:44:49 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Mar  8 16:45:31 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (ruby_setenv): MSDN says that Windows XP or earlier limits
+	  the total size of environment block to 5,120 chars.  and on such
+	  OS, putenv() causes SEGV.  So, ruby should limit the size of an
+	  environment variable to 5,120 bytes for workaround.
+
+Tue Mar  8 15:57:20 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_spec_fetcher.rb
+	  (TestGemSpecFetcher#test_cache_dir_escapes_windows_paths): cache_dir
+	  may have driveletter and `:' for base of cache_dir itself, so need
+	  to skip it for checking.
+
+Tue Mar  8 12:30:06 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-deep-indent-paren-p, ruby-calculate-indent):
+	  do not apply deep-indent inside parens at the beginning of
+	  expressions.
+
+Tue Mar  8 09:32:48 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (configure-ext, build-ext), ext/extmk.rb (extmake):
+	  support parallel-make under ext.
+
+Tue Mar  8 09:25:23 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (proc_setgroups): use getgrnam() if getgrnam_r() is
+	  not available.
+
+	* process.c: RARRAY_LEN() returns long int.
+
+Tue Mar  8 09:07:03 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE): enclose in quotes for multiple
+	  type names.
+
+Tue Mar  8 01:43:11 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (get_sc_ngroups_max): define to wrap sysconf(3).
+	  this also supports Windows which doesn't have sysconf(3).
+
+	* process.c (maxgroups): use get_sc_ngroups_max.
+
+	* process.c (proc_setmaxgroups): ditto.
+
+Tue Mar  8 01:16:49 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace): an initializer must be a constant.
+
+Tue Mar  8 01:11:44 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (maxgroups): cast because sysconf(3)'s return value is long.
+
+	* process.c (proc_setmaxgroups): ditto.
+
+	* process.c (proc_setgroups): cast because RARRAY_LEN() is long.
+
+Tue Mar  8 00:02:47 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Mon Mar  7 22:59:39 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/pstore.rb: Delete variable @transaction and fix #4474. Patch by
+	  Masaki Matsushita (Glass_saga).
+
+	* test/test_pstore.rb(test_thread_safe): Add test for #4474.
+
+Mon Mar  7 21:31:38 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (proc_setgroups): replace getgrnam() with getgrnam_r()
+	  because getgrnam() isn't thread safe.
+
+Mon Mar  7 20:49:12 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (proc_getmaxgroups, proc_setmaxgroups): reflect
+	  platform maxgroups limitation by default instead hardcoded 65536.
+
+Mon Mar  7 17:13:00 2011  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_gc_set_params): allow GC parameter configuration by
+	  environment variables.  based on a patch from funny-falcon at
+	  https://gist.github.com/856296, but honors safe level.
+
+Mon Mar  7 09:05:18 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c: NUM2RLIM is defined but no getrlimit and setrlimit on
+	  mingw.
+
+Mon Mar  7 08:38:14 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (DateTimeData): should not use bare 'long long'
+	  and 'long double', which are not defined by C89.
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (dt_lite_plus): get rid of overflow at casting
+	  down double to integer.
+
+Mon Mar  7 00:21:11 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (proc_getgroups): get rid of maxgroups dependency.
+	  ngroups can be calculated dynamically.
+
+Sun Mar  6 23:45:40 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: rlim_t use standard RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE mechanism.
+
+Sun Mar  6 23:26:07 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (proc_setmaxgroups): added negative value check.
+	  This was suggested by Daniel Berger. Thanks Daniel!
+	  [ruby-core:35426][Bug#4467]
+
+Sun Mar  6 23:18:23 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (maxgroups, proc_setmaxgroups): increase max groups
+	  limitation up to 65536.
+
+Sun Mar  6 22:20:59 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sun Mar  6 21:49:04 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* sample/list.rb (MyElem#initialize): initialize @head
+	  explicitly. Otherwise -W2 option makes following warning.
+	  "warning: instance variable @head not initialized".
+	  This issue was founded by Andrew Grimm. Thanks Andrew!
+	  [ruby-core:35435][Bug#4471]
+
+Sun Mar  6 05:21:41 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c: fix camelCase to snake_case in documentation code examples.
+	  patched by Andrew Grimm. fixes Bug #4469
+
+	* marshal.c: ditto.
+
+	* proc.c: ditto.
+
+	* sample/biorhythm.rb: ditto.
+
+	* vm_eval.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_method.c: ditto.
+
+
+Sun Mar  6 03:22:27 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (io_cntl): use rb_thread_io_blocking_region() instead
+	  rb_thread_blocking_region().
+
+Sat Mar  5 22:54:36 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h: fix a typo of prototype declaration.
+	  rb_mutex_try_lock -> rb_mutex_trylock [ruby-dev:43213]
+
+Sat Mar  5 19:44:03 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_fcntl_lock): small clean up.
+
+Sat Mar  5 01:33:46 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (io_cntl, nogvl_io_cntl): IO.fcntl() and IO.ioctl()
+	  release GVL during calling kernel interface.
+	  Suggested by Eric Wong. [ruby-core:35417][Bug #4463]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#test_fcntl_lock): add new test for
+	  IO.fcntl().
+
+Fri Mar  4 23:09:12 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb
+	  (test_should_run_all_without_any_leaks): consider that the order of
+	  testcase could change. [ruby-dev:43300] [Bug #4466]
+
+Fri Mar  4 22:01:14 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (io_cntl): change 'cmd' type to int. ioctl and fcntl need to
+	  be passed int.
+	* io.c (rb_io_ctl): ditto.
+
+Fri Mar  4 21:10:40 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: save warnflags. the patch is created by Eric Wong.
+	  [Bug #4465]
+
+Wed Mar  2 21:15:00 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Thu Mar  3 22:10:26 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (check_exec_redirect_fd, check_exec_redirect): raise
+	  ArgumentError if fd >= 3 on Windows because the feature is not
+	  supported.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_execopts_redirect): remove meaningless
+	  argument.
+
+Thu Mar  3 21:21:42 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_execopts_redirect): redirecting fd
+	  >= 3 is not supported on Windows, so should not specify such options
+	  when calling spawn or others.
+
+Thu Mar  3 18:59:04 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_slice_bang): raise error when the string is frozen.
+
+Thu Mar  3 14:25:19 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* strftime.c (STRFTIME): return 0 and ERANGE when precision is too
+	  large. [ruby-dev:43284] fixes #4456
+
+Thu Mar  3 00:46:51 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (uleb128): cast the value to unsigned long.
+
+	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): print error when lseek fails.
+
+Thu Mar  3 00:36:29 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/encoding.rb (REXML::Encoding#encoding=): store @encoding
+	  a String which means the name of the encoding.
+	  this partially revert r29646.
+
+	* lib/rexml/document.rb: follow above.
+
+	* lib/rexml/output.rb: ditto.
+
+	* lib/rexml/parsers/baseparser.rb: ditto.
+
+	* lib/rexml/source.rb: ditto.
+
+	* lib/rexml/xmldecl.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Mar  2 23:19:56 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (str_byte_substr): return nil for negative length.
+
+Wed Mar  2 21:15:00 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Wed Mar  2 14:24:04 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: Fix name from `inclement_io` to
+	  `increment_io`.
+
+Wed Mar  2 14:06:01 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_slice_bang): move treatments which is only needed
+	  when the result is not nil.
+
+Wed Mar  2 14:02:29 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb(TestParallel#spawn_runner):
+	  Fix outputing empty line in running test.
+
+	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/test_third.rb: Remove `sleep`
+
+Tue Mar  1 22:29:10 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Mar  1 22:02:35 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: Fix number.
+
+Tue Mar  1 21:48:22 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: For Windows.
+
+	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb(TestParallelWorker#test_quit_in_test):
+	  Fix for above specification change.
+	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb(TestParallel#spawn_runner):
+	  Fix outputing empty line in running test.
+
+Tue Mar  1 20:51:57 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_system.rb (TestSystem#test_system_at):
+	  remove tests for [bug#4396]. because we decided to reject this
+	  ticket.
+
+Tue Mar  1 19:46:19 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* test/date/{test_date.rb,test_date_attr.rb}: [ruby-dev:43280]
+
+Tue Mar  1 18:40:38 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryan@YPCMC09457>
+
+	* lib/rubygems*: Import rubygems 1.6.0 (released version @ 58d8a0b9)
+	* test/rubygems: Ditto
+
+Tue Mar  1 16:22:22 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c: revert r30987 because it causes some failures in
+	  test-all, especially webrick.
+
+Tue Mar  1 15:59:53 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_byteslice): the resulted encoding should keep
+	  original encoding. this also fixes the encoding when the result
+	  shares internal string. [ruby-core:35376]
+
+Tue Mar  1 13:25:00 2011  Kenta Murata <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (VpMemAlloc): CVE-2011-0188.
+	  Fixes a bug reported by Drew Yao <ayao at apple.com>
+
+Tue Mar  1 10:34:39 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_byteslice): Add String#byteslice. [ruby-core:35376]
+
+Tue Mar  1 00:12:49 2011  Tajima Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
+
+	* include/ruby/win32.h: define WIN32 if neither _WIN64 nor WIN32
+	  defined. it forces to use push/pop for pack(4) pragma.
+
+Mon Feb 28 23:52:13 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/testunit/test_rake_integration.rb (test_with_rake_runner):
+	  use assert_in_out_err for suppress messages.
+
+Mon Feb 28 22:48:56 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_spawn): use shell if a commandline contain
+	  double-quote character.
+	* win32/win32.c (is_internal_cmd): similar, use shell if a commandline
+	  contain caret character.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_system.rb (TestSystem#test_system_at): fix
+	  wrong test case. if system() invoke a command by using shell,
+	  system() never return nil. Also, "" quotation must not appear
+	  twice in a command line.
+
+Mon Feb 28 17:36:57 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Mon Feb 28 16:48:42 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Mon Feb 28 16:28:15 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (tr_trans): when the hash for multibyte repl is empty,
+	  tr is inverse mode, and a character doesn't much the table, the
+	  character should be replaced by last replacement. Bug #4449
+
+Mon Feb 28 16:38:56 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Mon Feb 28 13:02:15 2011  Danial Pearce <github@tigris.id.au>
+
+	* lib/tempfile.rb: Fix example file paths in docs for tempfile.
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/5
+
+Mon Feb 28 12:56:18 2011  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c (ossl_cipher_init): typo fix.
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/8
+
+Mon Feb 28 12:28:13 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c (datetime_s_now): localtime() and localtime_r()
+	  required time_t pointer as 1st parameter, and tv_sec member of struct
+	  timeval is long.
+
+Mon Feb 28 11:57:40 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb: Temporally disable test on Windows.
+
+Mon Feb 28 07:28:35 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb(Test::Unit::Runner#after_worker_quit):
+	  method name more be natural English.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb(Test::Unit::Runner::Worker.launch):
+	  IO.sync doesn't need. Should use "b" for mode.
+
+Sun Feb 27 21:59:37 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_system.rb (TestSystem#test_system_redirect_win):
+	  add test for system().
+
+Sun Feb 27 18:00:09 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: Refactoring; Worker never use Hash for internal
+	  storage.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: Never use Kernel#spawn. Use IO.popen instead.
+
+Sun Feb 27 13:16:48 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ns_spki.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sat Feb 26 17:07:53 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* lib/date.rb: [Feature #4257]
+
+	* ext/date/extconf.rb: new
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: new
+
+Sat Feb 26 16:10:23 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: --jobs-status won't puts over 2 lines.
+
+	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb: Fix test for above.
+
+	* lib/test/*: refactoring.
+
+Sat Feb 26 07:10:05 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb: fix parsing timezone's whose
+	  whose format is (+/-)hhmm.  Thanks Goncalo Silva!
+
+	* test/psych/test_scalar_scanner.rb: test for bug.
+
+Thu Feb 24 23:02:55 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_hmac.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Thu Feb 24 22:53:10 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (love): for the birthday.
+
+Thu Feb 24 22:51:54 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (ruby_vm_destruct): run vm exit hooks after all objects are
+	  destructed.
+
+Thu Feb 24 14:40:33 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* ChangeLog (vim): Modeline for vim
+
+Thu Feb 24 13:39:25 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* common.mk: Use $RUNRUBY for worker process.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: Fix bug.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: @options[:ruby](@opts[:ruby]) is now Array.
+
+	* test/testunit/parallel.rb: Fix for above.
+
+Thu Feb 24 10:05:55 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/misc.rb: Fix bug in r30947.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb, lib/test/unit/assertions.rb: For this test.
+
+Wed Feb 23 23:07:38 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb, test/testunit/parallel/*:
+	  Test for r30939.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: For test.
+
+	* lib/test/parallel.rb: For test.
+
+	* lib/test/unit/testcase.rb: For test.
+
+Wed Feb 23 22:05:13 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_engine.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Feb 22 23:15:17 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: Fix --ruby option doesn't effect.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: Fix typo.
+
+Tue Feb 22 21:39:28 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Feb 22 14:34:26 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: Fix merging miss.
+
+Tue Feb 22 12:27:26 2011  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: Add new options; --jobs,-j,--ruby,--jobs-status,
+	  --no-retry.
+	  [Feature #4415] [ruby-dev:43226],[ruby-dev:43222],[ruby-core:35294]
+
+	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb: Used at test/unit --jobs(-j) option.
+
+	* test/csv/test_serialization.rb: test/unit parallel running ready.
+
+	* test/rake/test_file_task.rb: test/unit parallel running ready.
+
+Tue Feb 22 06:09:10 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/syslog/syslog.c: Apply documentation patch from mathew murphy.
+	  [Bug #4149]
+
+Tue Feb 22 03:09:10 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: increase Psych to 1.1.0 for help with
+	  debugging.
+
+Tue Feb 22 03:04:46 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/streaming.rb: refactor streaming methods to a
+	  module.
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/stream.rb: extracted streaming specific methods
+	  to a module.
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/stream.rb: JSON stream inherits from
+	  JSONTree and includes streaming methods.
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/json_tree.rb: JSON does not support
+	  object references, so remove object reference testing when building
+	  JSON trees.
+
+Tue Feb 22 02:41:51 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb (accept): use Hash#key?
+	  when looking up object references to err on the side of cache
+	  misses.
+
+Mon Feb 21 10:58:39 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/yaml_events.rb: refactoring JSON event
+	  handling methods to a module for reuse.
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/tree_builder.rb: AST builder uses JSON
+	  event methods.
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/stream.rb: stream emitter uses JSON event
+	  methods.
+
+Mon Feb 21 10:54:29 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/stream.rb: do not emit custom tags in maps
+	  or sequences when emitting JSON.
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/tree_builder.rb: do not emit custom tags in
+	  sequences when emitting JSON.
+	* test/psych/json/test_stream.rb: tests for custom stream emits.
+	* test/psych/test_json_tree.rb: tests for JSON emits.
+
+Mon Feb 21 10:05:10 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/ruby_events.rb: DRY up ruby event handling
+	  for JSON.
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/json_tree.rb: use ruby events module
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/stream.rb: ditto
+
+Mon Feb 21 10:01:01 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/stream.rb: fix JSON stream emits to use
+	  double quotes during stream.
+	* test/psych/json/test_stream.rb: tests to reflect changes.
+
+Mon Feb 21 00:38:56 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_system.rb (TestSystem#test_system_at):
+	  add testcase for bug4396.
+
+Sun Feb 20 19:59:32 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sun Feb 20 16:26:45 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (exec_recursive): prevent temporary objects from GC.
+
+	* prevent temporary objects from GC, and should not use
+	  RSTRING_PTR() for function calls since it evaluates the argument
+	  a couple of times.
+
+Sun Feb 20 16:22:53 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_flock): use rb_thread_io_blocking_region for the
+	  time being.
+
+Sun Feb 20 05:33:17 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
+
+	* lib/minitest/*.rb: Imported minitest 2.0.2 r6207.
+	* test/minitest/*: ditto
+
+Sun Feb 20 02:14:09 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* signal.c (sig_trap): avoid pthread_sigmask(xx, &mask, &mask) usage
+	  because FreeBSD don't permit it. If it's used, it behave as
+	  pthread_sigmask(xx, NULL, &mask).
+
+	* signal.c (init_sigchld): ditto.
+
+Sun Feb 20 00:46:51 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sat Feb 19 22:37:42 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_check_if_namespace): guard temporary object
+	  from GC.
+
+Sat Feb 19 06:36:27 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: partial revert of r30849. [ruby-core:32864]
+
+	* test/testunit/test_rake_integration.rb: adding an integration test
+	  with the rake loader to prevent regressions.
+
+Fri Feb 18 19:31:31 2011  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils::remove_entry_secure): there is a
+	  race condition in the case where the given path is a directory,
+	  and some other user can move that directory, and create a
+	  symlink while this method is executing.
+	  Reported by: Nicholas Jefferson <nicholas at pythonic.com.au>
+
+Fri Feb 18 00:28:39 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* compile.c (get_exception_sym2type): guard temporary object from GC.
+
+Thu Feb 17 23:54:29 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* iseq.c (prepare_iseq_build): initialize iseq_compile_data::err_info
+	  with nil. this fix exception in rb_iseq_load().
+
+Thu Feb 17 22:32:35 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_marshal.rb (test_marshal_dump_extra_iv):
+	  fix a typo of local variable. [Bug #3720] [ruby-dev:42083]
+
+Thu Feb 17 21:32:53 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Wed Feb 16 20:37:48 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* eval_jump.c (rb_exec_end_proc): changed at_exit and END proc
+	  evaluation order. [Bug #4400] [ruby-core:35237]
+	* eval_jump.c (rb_mark_end_proc): ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_beginendblock.rb (TestBeginEndBlock#test_nested_at_exit):
+	  added a test for nested at_exit.
+	* test/ruby/test_beginendblock.rb (TestBeginEndBlock#test_beginendblock):
+	  changed the test to adopt new spec.
+
+Wed Feb 16 20:17:06 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Feb 15 21:37:45 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/gdbm/gdbm.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Feb 15 20:34:53 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* array.c (ary_join_1): fix array size.
+
+Tue Feb 15 19:43:23 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: fix and resubmit r30621. [ruby-dev:43203]
+
+Tue Feb 15 15:41:30 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (array_join): copy the encoding of the first element as
+	  an initial encoding.
+
+	* array.c (array_join_0): ditto.
+
+	* array.c (array_join_1): ditto.
+
+	* array.c (inspect_ary): ditto.
+
+	* array.c (array_join_1): add an argument to check the appending is
+	  first one or not.
+
+Tue Feb 15 15:40:53 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (inspect_i): copy the encoding of the first key as
+	  an initial encoding.
+
+Mon Feb 14 15:00:16 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (inspect_ary): don't taint the inspected result of a
+	  recursive array.
+
+Tue Feb 15 15:43:29 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* encoding.c (rb_enc_compatible): change the rule for empty strings:
+	  remove the special treatment of the US-ASCII encoded empty string.
+	  Now Encoding.compatible? usually respect the encoding of the
+	  receiver.
+
+Tue Feb 15 15:39:37 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_enc_cr_str_buf_cat): remove special treatment of
+	  ASCII-8BIT receivers.
+
+	* string.c (str_gsub): set initial encoding of the buffer as the
+	  same of the receiver. [ruby-core:35141]
+
+Tue Feb 15 09:49:33 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_system.rb (TestSystem#test_system_at): use findstr
+	  command instead of find command, because the latter is confusing
+	  another famous Unix command.
+
+Mon Feb 14 23:01:19 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_io_blocking_region): reset th->waiting_fd
+	  after blocking region, because remaining waiting_fd might
+	  cause unnecessary IOError.
+
+Mon Feb 14 21:06:50 2011  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: revert r30621.  That revision introduced mkmf test
+	  failures and it turned out to be OK to revert. [ruby-dev:43203]
+
+Mon Feb 14 21:04:01 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/conversions.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Mon Feb 14 18:41:47 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* win32/setup.mak (USE_RUBYGEMS): fixed r30835. It didn't work on
+	  mswin32 port. If you changed win32/configure.bat, you should change
+	  setup.mak too.
+
+Mon Feb 14 17:28:34 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_system.rb (TestSystem#test_system_at):
+	  added test. [ruby-core:35218] (#4393)
+
+Mon Feb 14 13:15:35 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (is_internal_cmd): if the first char of prog is '@',
+	  execute it via shell.  [ruby-core:35218] (#4393)
+
+Mon Feb 14 10:33:45 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: revert r30863, because it causes too many noise.
+
+Mon Feb 14 07:34:55 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/curses/curses.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sun Feb 13 19:41:47 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::RequireFiles#non_options): skip
+	  test suites failed to load instead of mere messages.
+
+Sun Feb 13 09:56:44 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_config.rb (OpenSSL#test_freeze): fix error
+	  message assertion.
+
+	* test/io/nonblock/test_flush.rb (TestIONonblock#flush_test):
+	  return true to finish the test.
+
+	* test/syck/test_string.rb (Syck::TestString#test_non_binary_string):
+	  use assert_not instead of refute, unless required minitest
+	  explicitly.
+
+	* test/test_prime.rb (TestPrime::sieve.Integer): ditto.
+
+	* test/xmlrpc/webrick_testing.rb (WEBrick_Testing#start_server):
+	  catch IOError when server socket was closed.
+
+Sun Feb 13 07:39:51 2011  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_inject): typo fixed. a patch from Gaku Ueda in
+	  [ruby-core:35216].
+
+Sun Feb 13 00:48:47 2011  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* lib/date.rb (Date#===): [ruby-core:35127]
+
+Sun Feb 13 00:29:18 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Options#process_args): always
+	  return options.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::RequireFiles#non_options): return
+	  if any test case get loaded.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::AutoRunner#initialize): do not add
+	  default directory if it is nil.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::AutoRunner#process_args): return
+	  true if any test cases to run.
+
+Sat Feb 12 23:17:43 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (assert_include): add alias.
+
+Sat Feb 12 14:44:20 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_io_blocking_region): new function to run
+	  blocking region with GIL released, for fd.
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_fd_close): implement.  [ruby-core:35203]
+
+	* vm.c (th_init): rename from th_init2.
+
+Sat Feb 12 14:41:36 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::AutoRunner#initialize): use
+	  default_dir if no test case given.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Runner): rename from Test::Unit::Mini.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::GlobOption#non_options): run tests
+	  under base directory if no argument given.
+
+Sat Feb 12 08:03:12 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb (TestSetTraceFunc): ensure to use
+	  method_added hook defined in Module.
+
+Sat Feb 12 01:04:02 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): enable rubygems if --gem option is given.
+
+	* ruby.c (process_options): load rubygems if it is disabled but
+	  --gem option is given.
+
+Fri Feb 11 23:27:50 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): add --gem=enabled as an alias of
+	  --enable=gems and --gem=disabled as an alias of --disable=gems.
+	  Gem named "enabled" or "disabled" has already been reserved
+	  legitimately for this purpose.
+
+Fri Feb 11 23:17:04 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/dl/cfunc.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Fri Feb 11 21:41:53 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* bin/testrb, test/runner.rb, lib/test/unit.rb: improve backward
+	  compatibility.
+
+Fri Feb 11 19:45:26 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): use rb_ary_free to free internal object.
+
+	* gc.h (RUBY_FREE_UNLESS_NULL): get rid of double free.
+	  [ruby-core:35192]
+
+Fri Feb 11 16:57:03 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_transcode.rb (test_from_cp50221): fix wrong
+	  assertion and move back.
+
+Fri Feb 11 14:33:18 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb (assert_no_match): alias for
+	  backward compatibility.
+
+Fri Feb 11 12:06:48 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (add_gems, require_libraries, proc_options): add
+	  --require and --gem options.
+
+Fri Feb 11 12:03:24 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (rubygems): add --disable-rubygems option.
+
+Fri Feb 11 11:39:03 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* template/fake.rb.in (CROSS_COMPILING): get rid of NameError.
+
+Thu Feb 10 23:12:34 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/dl/dl.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Wed Feb  9 23:11:27 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pty/pty.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Feb  8 11:47:11 2011  Loren Sands-Ramshaw  <lorensr@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c: documentation clarification in rotate, rotate!,
+	  index, and rindex. [ruby-core:35144]
+
+Wed Feb  9 09:45:43 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_encoding.rb: remove unnecessary (and wrong)
+	  platform-dependent hacks.
+
+Wed Feb  9 00:47:18 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Feb  8 19:38:00 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-expr-beg): fix for invalid nest errors.
+
+Tue Feb  8 19:22:59 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in (AC_MSG_CHECKING): fixed typo. the patch is
+	  created by Benoit Daloze. Thanks a lot. [Bug #4384][ruby-core:35148]
+
+Tue Feb  8 16:04:03 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_s_sysopen): use NUM2MODET() instead NUM2UINT().
+
+Tue Feb  8 15:59:23 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (rb_run_exec_options_err): use MODET2NUM() instead
+	  LONG2NUM().
+
+Tue Feb  8 13:59:56 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: revert r30725. Now we have proper runtime fallback.
+	  Therefore, no need compile time disabling. (see r30762).
+
+Tue Feb  8 01:00:21 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (proc_setgroups): add GC guard to prevent intermediate
+	  variable from GC.
+
+Tue Feb  8 00:56:33 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-expr-beg, ruby-in-here-doc-p): tell
+	  singleton class definitions from here documents.
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-expr-beg, ruby-parse-partial): keyword
+	  followed by colon is label.
+
+Mon Feb  7 22:56:16 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/benchmark.rb (Benchmark#bmbm): use ensure clause instead of
+	  Object#tap to restore STDOUT.sync.
+
+Mon Feb  7 22:34:20 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP#connect): support SNI (Server Name
+	  Indication) for HTTPS.  [ruby-dev:43164]
+	  http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4685736/openssl-server-name-indication-support-in-ruby
+
+Mon Feb  7 16:05:32 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc: Upgrade to RDoc 3.5.3  Fixes [Bug #4376]
+
+Mon Feb  7 11:46:59 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (rdoc): add --encoding=UTF-8; ruby's rdoc must be UTF-8.
+
+Mon Feb  7 10:21:50 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_options.rb (TestRDocOptions#test_check_files):
+	  there is no easy way to create owner unreadable file on Windows.
+	  So, skip the test.
+
+Sun Feb  6 13:48:29 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json/lib/json/common.rb (JSON::MissingUnicodeSupport.iconv):
+	  should not drop rest of the result.  use Iconv.conv instead.
+
+Sun Feb  6 12:46:02 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* string.c (gsub): Ensure result encoding is the same as input
+	  encoding.  [Bug #4340].
+
+Sun Feb  6 12:18:25 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (words, qwords): dispatch array events.  based on a
+	  patch from Michael Edgar.  [Bug #4365].
+
+Sun Feb  6 12:12:59 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/fileutils/fileasserts.rb (FileAssertions): separate module.
+
+Sun Feb  6 11:29:23 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sat Feb  5 22:01:59 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert):
+	  revert r30796. r30797 and r30798 are an alternative fix.
+	  [ruby-dev:43174]
+
+Sat Feb  5 21:47:09 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (mlhs_basic): include mlhs_post for ripper.  a patch
+	  from Michael Edgar at [ruby-core:35078].
+
+Sat Feb  5 21:22:21 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb (assert_block): move from
+	  test/fileutils/fileasserts.rb.
+
+	* test/fileutils/fileasserts.rb (assert_block): pass arguments
+	  as-is.  [ruby-dev:43174]
+
+Sat Feb  5 16:47:54 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert):
+	  msg can be passed nil. [Bug #4371] [ruby-dev:43174]
+
+Sat Feb  5 15:18:25 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc: Upgrade to RDoc 3.5.2
+
+Sat Feb  5 12:05:27 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (syck_node_init_copy): SyckNode is not
+	  copiable.  [ruby-core:35094]
+
+Sat Feb  5 11:48:47 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c (ossl_cipher_alloc): leave data ptr
+	  NULL.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c (ossl_cipher_new, ossl_cipher_initialize):
+	  allocate internal structure.  [ruby-core:35094]
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c (ossl_cipher_copy): ditto.
+
+Sat Feb  5 11:29:10 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json/parser/parser.h (GET_PARSER): raise TypeError.
+
+	* ext/json/parser/parser.rl (cParser_initialize): ditto.
+
+	* ext/json/parser/parser.h (GET_PARSER): check if initialized.
+	  [ruby-core:35079]
+
+	* ext/json/parser/parser.rl (cParser_initialize): ditto.
+
+Sat Feb  5 10:09:31 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* load.c (rb_get_expanded_load_path): always expand load paths.
+
+Sat Feb  5 09:38:08 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* transcode.c (encoded_dup): extract.
+
+Sat Feb  5 03:37:47 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (FileUtils::LowMethods): make low level methods
+	  in NoWrite and DryRun to do nothing.  [ruby-dev:43129]
+
+	* test/fileutils/fileasserts.rb: add message arguments.
+
+	* test/fileutils/fileasserts.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert_block):
+	  show the given message.
+
+Sat Feb  5 02:09:39 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (lex_getline, parser_set_encode): set encoding of lines
+	  in SCRIPT_LINES__ as source encoding.  [ruby-dev:43168]
+
+Sat Feb  5 02:08:37 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (ruby_thread_data_type): add prefix.
+
+Sat Feb  5 00:59:54 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_core.h (GetThreadPtr): use TypedData_Get_Struct() instead
+	  CoreDataFromValue() because we need type check. Otherwise,
+	  type mismatch can cause segmentation fault crash.
+	  [ruby-core:35086] [Ruby 1.9-Bug#4367]
+
+	* vm.c (thread_data_type): remove static.
+
+Fri Feb  4 19:14:27 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enc/trans/utf8_mac.trans: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Fri Feb  4 12:11:51 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c (str_utf8_nth): fixed a condition of optimized lead
+	  byte counting. [Bug #4366][ruby-dev:43170]
+
+Fri Feb  4 01:50:13 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c (count_utf8_lead_bytes_with_word): wrote function
+	  comments.
+
+Fri Feb  4 00:14:55 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (gzfile_reader_get_unused): no need to dup
+	  before rb_str_resurrect.
+
+Thu Feb  3 20:04:44 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/curses/curses.c (CHECK): unused macro removed.
+
+Thu Feb  3 18:33:26 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (gzfile_reader_get_unused): use rb_str_resurrect
+	  because gz->z.input is hidden string. [ruby-core:35057]
+
+Thu Feb  3 16:34:10 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/shift_jis.c (code_to_mbc): cast as int from the subtraction of
+	  pointers.
+
+	* enc/utf_16le.c (utf16le_mbc_enc_len): use ptrdiff_t.
+
+	* enc/utf_32be.c (utf32be_left_adjust_char_head): ditto.
+
+	* enc/utf_32le.c (utf32le_left_adjust_char_head): ditto.
+
+Thu Feb  3 16:31:43 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/missing.h: don't use HAVE_STDDEF_H because it never
+	  defined by configure though configure.bat defines it.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: move include stddef.h to defines.h
+
+	* include/ruby/defines.h: ditto.
+
+Wed Feb  2 20:25:04 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/encoding.h (rb_enc_step_back): cast 4th argument 'n'
+	  as int because Ruby usually treats length value as long but
+	  onigenc_step_back's 4th argument is int.
+
+Thu Feb  3 07:20:46 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: use Regexp::NOENCODING
+	  rather than magic number.
+
+	* ext/syck/lib/syck/rubytypes.rb: ditto
+
+Thu Feb  3 07:16:11 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* re.c (Init_Regexp): added a constant for ARG_ENCODING_NONE
+	  [ruby-core:35054]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb: corresponding test.
+
+Thu Feb  3 07:02:16 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: ARG_ENCODING_NONE regular
+	  expressions can round trip. [ruby-core:34969]
+
+	* test/psych/test_yaml.rb: test for ARG_ENCODING_NONE regex
+
+	* ext/sych/lib/syck/rubytypes.rb: ARG_ENCODING_NONE regular
+	  expressions can round trip.
+
+	* test/syck/test_yaml.rb: test for ARG_ENCODING_NONE regex
+
+Wed Feb  2 17:09:22 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_fdatasync): Use fsync(2) if the underlying
+	  operating system does not support fdatasync(2).
+
+Wed Feb  2 14:51:08 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/markup/to_tt_only.rb: commit miss
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_markup_to_tt_only.rb: ditto
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_single_class.rb: ditto
+
+Wed Feb  2 09:27:53 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc: Upgrade to RDoc 3.5.1
+
+Wed Feb  2 00:30:43 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/st.h (st_table): Added comment why we need __extension__.
+
+Tue Feb  1 20:45:44 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enc/encdb.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Feb  1 15:12:26 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_require.rb (TestRequire#test_require_with_unc):
+	  use ``127.0.0.1'' instead of ``localhost'' as host name, because
+	  XP or earlier cannot resolv it as NBT hostname.
+
+Tue Feb  1 13:20:39 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/benchmark/test_benchmark.rb (#capture_bench_output):
+	  Added explicit sleep. Windows have imprecise time support.
+	  Thus Tms.new.Add!{} may be or may be not equal 0. The
+	  test failure started since r30747.
+
+Tue Feb  1 11:03:47 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryan@lust.local>
+
+	* lib/rubygems*: Import rubygems 1.5.0 (released version @ 1fb59d0)
+	* test/rubygems: Ditto
+
+Tue Feb  1 08:01:39 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_set_winsize): new method to set
+	  console size.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
+
+	* ext/io/console/console.c (console_winsize): use GetWriteFD.
+
+Tue Feb  1 02:28:14 2011  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lnag.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/win32.h, win32/win32.c: add rb_w32_inet_ntop.
+	  inet_ntop's minimum supported client is Vista.
+
+Tue Feb  1 00:10:30 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/benchmark.rb: fix benchmark to work with current ruby.
+	  patched by Benoit Daloze [ruby-core:33846] [ruby-dev:43143]
+	  merged from https://github.com/eregon/ruby/commits/benchmark
+
+	*  lib/benchmark (Report#width): update documentation
+	*  lib/benchmark: document the return value of #benchmark and the
+	   :list attribute in Report
+	*  lib/benchmark (Tms#format): rename variables, use String#%
+	   instead of Kernel.format
+	*  lib/benchmark: remove undocumented Benchmark::times (an alias
+	   of Process::times used twice)
+	*  lib/benchmark (#benchmark): use label_width for the caption
+	*  lib/benchmark (Tms#initialize): rename variables
+	*  lib/benchmark: allow title to not be a String and call #to_s
+	*  lib/benchmark (Benchmark#bm): return an Array of the times with
+	   the labels
+	*  lib/benchmark: correct output for Benchmark#bmbm
+	   (remove the extra space)
+	*  lib/benchmark: add a few tests for Benchmark::Tms output
+	*  lib/benchmark: improve style (enumerators, ljust, unused vars)
+	*  lib/benchmark: add spec about output and return value
+	*  lib/benchmark: improve basic style and consistency
+	   no parenthesis for print and use interpolation instead of printf
+	*  lib/benchmark: remove unnecessary conversions and variables
+	*  lib/benchmark: correct indentation
+	*  lib/benchmark: rename the FMTSTR constant and variable to FORMAT
+	*  lib/benchmark: remove useless exception
+
+	*  test/benchmark: remove unused variable warnings
+
+Mon Jan 31 23:27:23 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* node.c (add_id): remove duplicated rb_id2str() call.
+
+Sun Jan 30 17:19:46 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* missing/langinfo.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Mon Jan 31 21:57:39 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: revert r30698.
+
+Mon Jan 31 21:32:44 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_start_func_2): check deadlock condition before
+	  release thread stack. fix memory violation when deadlock detected.
+	  reported by Max Aller. [Bug #4009] [ruby-core:32982]
+
+Mon Jan 31 14:45:47 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* lib/irb/locale.rb (IRB::Locale::#search_file):
+	  Gem might be undefined if --disable-gems. [ruby-core:34990]
+
+Mon Jan 31 12:26:14 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c: suppressed shorten-64-to-32 warnings.
+	* regcomp.c: ditto.
+	* regexec.c: ditto.
+	* regint.h: ditto.
+	* regparse.c: ditto.
+	* regparse.h: ditto.
+	* time.c: ditto.
+	* variable.c: ditto.
+
+Mon Jan 31 04:45:12 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_uniq_bang): call ARY_SET_LEN(ary, 0) before
+	  ary_resize_capa because ary_resize_capa expects resized length is
+	  smaller than current array length. call rb_ary_unshare before
+	  ary_resize_capa because ary_resize_capa lost the reference to
+	  original shared array. [ruby-core:34997]
+
+Sun Jan 30 17:19:46 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* missing/crypt.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sun Jan 30 16:40:27 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_security.rb (TestGemSecurity): valid only
+	  if OpenSSL is available.
+
+	* test/dl/test_dl2.rb (TestDL#test_sin): math functions do not
+	  work on x86_64 due to the design of DL2.
+
+	* test/dl/test_func.rb (DL::TestFunc#test_{sinf,sin): ditto.
+
+Sun Jan 30 16:09:22 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* strftime.c (rb_strftime_with_timespec): %G produces 4 digits.
+
+Sun Jan 30 15:13:19 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/emacs_mule.c (emacsmule_islead): 7bit range is also leading
+	  byte.
+
+Sun Jan 30 13:03:16 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_fetch_m): use useful message for longer key, not a
+	  nonsense id value.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_ellipsize): new function to ellipsize a string.
+
+	* include/ruby/encoding.h (rb_enc_step_back): new function to step
+	  back n characters.
+
+Sun Jan 30 12:53:38 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/emacs_mule.c (emacsmule_islead): fix inverse condition.
+
+Sun Jan 30 09:37:25 2011  Yutaka Kanemoto  <kanemoto@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (struct argf): char behaves like an unsigned char
+	  by default on AIX.
+
+Sun Jan 30 08:02:55 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: Mac OS X wrongly reports it has fdatasync(3).
+
+Sun Jan 30 03:29:47 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c (GetBNPtr): add missing nil case.
+	  patched by Martin Bosslet. [ruby-core:34987]
+
+Sun Jan 30 01:02:28 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: Added NUM2MODET() and MODET2NUM() default
+	  definition.
+	  Because r30686 introduced win32 build failure.
+
+Sat Jan 29 22:16:26 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_join): [].join.encoding must be US-ASCII.
+	  [ruby-list:47790]
+
+Sat Jan 29 20:22:39 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* benchmark/driver.rb (BenchmarkDriver#measure): Show command line
+	  when abnormal exiting occur.
+
+Sat Jan 29 10:53:16 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_get_ev_const): no-scope reference to toplevel
+	  private constant has been prohibited incorrectly.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb (test_toplevel_private_constant): add a
+	  test for above.
+
+Sat Jan 29 08:43:23 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
+
+	* lib/rubygems*: Import rubygems 1.5.0 (release candidate @ 09893d9)
+	* test/rubygems: Ditto
+
+Sat Jan 29 02:02:37 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_mod_const_of, sv_i): Module#constant should exclude
+	  private constants.  see [ruby-core:32912].
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb (test_constants_with_private_constant): add
+	  a test for above.
+
+Sat Jan 29 01:36:41 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_set): const_set should preserve constant
+	  visibility.  see [ruby-core:32912].
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: add a test for above.
+
+Sat Jan 29 01:24:57 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* compile.c (NODE_CLASS, NODE_MODULE), insns.def (defineclass): raise
+	  an exception when "class Foo::Bar" is evaluated and Foo::Bar is
+	  private.  To implement this, define_type of "defineclass" is added
+	  so that the instruction can distinguish whether the class definition
+	  is scoped (class Foo::Bar) or not (class Bar).
+
+	* test/ruby/test_class.rb (test_redefine_private_class),
+	  test/ruby/test_module.rb
+	  (test_define_module_under_private_constant): add tests for above.
+
+Sat Jan 29 01:19:17 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* constant.h, variable.c: to ensure compatibility, rb_const_get_* must
+	  not raise an exception even when the constant is private.  Instead,
+	  rb_public_const_get_* and rb_public_const_defined_* are introduced,
+	  which raise an exception when the referring constant is private.
+	  see [ruby-core:32912].
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_get_ev_const): use rb_public_const_get_* instead
+	  of rb_const_get_* to follow the constant visibility when user code
+	  refers a constant.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_marshal.rb (test_marshal_private_class): add a test.
+	  This test had failed because of incompatibility of rb_const_get.
+
+Sat Jan 29 00:30:44 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* variable.c (set_const_visibility): fix typo.  a patch from Tomoyuki
+	  Chikanaga in [ruby-core:32919].
+
+Fri Jan 28 23:20:28 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/gdbm/test_gdbm.rb (TestGDBM#test_s_open_no_create,
+	  TestGDBM2#test_writer_open_notexist): We only need to skip libgdbm
+	  1.8.0, not all 1.8.x. 1.8.1 or later don't have GDBM_WRITER sickness.
+
+Fri Jan 28 21:56:57 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/dbm/extconf.rb: Added new header places for Fedora13.
+
+Fri Jan 28 21:49:30 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Fri Jan 28 17:47:33 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/gdbm/test_gdbm.rb (TestGDBM2#test_writer_open_notexist):
+	  gdbm 1.8.x changed GDBM::WRITER behavior. Thus our testcase need
+	  to be changed too.
+
+Fri Jan 28 17:33:28 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/gdbm/test_gdbm.rb (TestGDBM#test_s_open_no_create): skip
+	  the test if gdbm version is 1.8.x.
+
+Fri Jan 28 16:30:51 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_require.rb (TestRequire#test_require_too_long_filename):
+	  Added -w option because too long path error don't output a message
+	  by default since r30660. [Bug #4336] [ruby-dev:43134]
+
+Fri Jan 28 16:19:38 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_require.rb (TestRequire#test_require_path_home_{1,2}):
+	  Added -w option because too long path error don't output a message
+	  by default since r30660. [Bug #4336] [ruby-dev:43134]
+
+Fri Jan 28 16:04:54 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_require.rb (TestRequire#test_require_path_home_{1,2,3}):
+	  split from test_require_path_home.
+
+Fri Jan 28 13:04:38 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in (--with-valgrind): Fixed r29683. Now this option
+	  is really default on.
+
+Fri Jan 28 12:05:48 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: Add #include<sys/stat.h> when struct stat is
+	  tested. Otherwise, incomplete type dereference error will occur.
+
+Fri Jan 28 11:53:19 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: redundant variable names made strange conftest
+	  error. Fixed it.
+
+Fri Jan 28 11:47:00 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (TestProcess#test_too_long_path{,2}):
+	  should handle Errno::E2BIG, because this test checks crash of ruby,
+	  not the error type system.
+
+Fri Jan 28 11:23:54 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_open): Use NUM2MODET() instead NUM2UINT().
+	* io.c (rb_scan_open_args): ditto.
+
+Fri Jan 28 10:58:20 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: Added mode_t type checking.
+	* process.c (rb_exec_arg_addopt): Use NUM2MODET() instead
+	  NUM2LONG because clang makes compile error by this narrowing
+	  conversion.
+	* process.c (rb_run_exec_options_err): ditto.
+
+Fri Jan 28 02:37:18 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_raise): add GC guard to prevent intermediate
+	  variable from GC.
+
+Fri Jan 28 02:35:41 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_fetch_m): add GC guard to prevent intermediate
+	  variable from GC.
+
+Fri Jan 28 01:33:51 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (TestProcess#test_too_long_path)
+	  TestProcess#test_too_long_path): Reduced string size from 100MB
+	  to 10MB. 100MB may cause no memory error. It isn't intended.
+
+Fri Jan 28 01:27:42 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (TestProcess#test_too_long_path2):
+	  Factored out from test_too_long_path. A test should only do
+	  one test.
+
+Thu Jan 27 23:29:36 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* st.c (st_foreach): check if unpacked.
+
+Thu Jan 27 23:14:19 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-mode-map): remove deprecated binding.
+	  use M-; instead.
+
+Thu Jan 27 21:58:32 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_str_to_inum): get rid of too huge alloca().
+
+Thu Jan 27 21:43:29 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* object.c (rb_str_to_dbl): rewrite again. use ALLOCV instead
+	  rb_str_tmp_new().
+
+Thu Jan 27 21:41:47 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* win32/win32.c: get rid of STRNDUPA(). It's dangerous API.
+
+Thu Jan 27 21:31:57 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_aspawn): get rid of too huge alloca().
+	  [Bug #4330] [ruby-core:34898]
+
+Thu Jan 27 20:30:18 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_spawn): get rid of too huge alloca().
+
+Thu Jan 27 18:49:53 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (open_dir_handle): get rid of too huge alloca().
+
+Thu Jan 27 18:34:58 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* file.c (w32_io_info): get rid of too huge alloca().
+	  [Bug #4313] [ruby-core:34830]
+
+Thu Jan 27 18:19:51 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (wstati64): get rid of too huge alloca().
+	  [Bug #4316] [ruby-core:34834]
+
+Thu Jan 27 15:11:52 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_spawn, rb_w32_aspawn): get rid of too huge
+	  alloca(). this is the real fix of [ruby-core:34833].
+
+Thu Jan 27 12:46:25 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (ALLOC_ARGV_WITH_STR): fix void pointer arithmetic.
+
+Thu Jan 27 08:41:40 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (proc_exec_v, rb_proc_exec_n, rb_proc_exec)
+	  (proc_spawn_n, proc_spawn): get rid of too huge alloca().
+	  [ruby-core:34827], [ruby-core:34833]
+
+Thu Jan 27 08:32:17 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (ALLOCV): new API for exception-safe
+	  temporary buffer.  [ruby-core:34844]
+
+	* string.c (rb_alloc_tmp_buffer, rb_free_tmp_buffer):
+	  implementation of the API.
+
+Thu Jan 27 08:22:49 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dln_find.c (dln_find_1): use rb_warning and return immediately
+	  if fname is longer than buffer.
+
+Wed Jan 26 22:57:30 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* class.c (clone_method): add GC guard to prevent intermediate
+	  variable from GC. [Bug #4321] [ruby-dev:43107]
+
+Wed Jan 26 22:45:16 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* template/id.h.tmpl: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Wed Jan 26 22:28:49 2011  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_throw_obj): add GC guard to prevent intermediate
+	  variable from GC. [Bug #4322] [ruby-dev:43108]
+
+Wed Jan 26 17:08:59 2011  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (ossl_asn1_decode0): OpenSSL::ASN1.decode
+	  should reject indefinite length primitive encodings as that is
+	  illegal. Patch by Martin Bosslet. See #4324.
+
+Wed Jan 26 10:36:28 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (=~): documentation fix; the return value is nil when
+	  it doesn't match. patched by Andrei Kulakov [ruby-core:34562]
+
+Tue Jan 25 08:41:58 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dln_find.c (dln_find_1): omit too long pathnames.
+
+Tue Jan 25 08:28:19 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_resize): get rid of out-of-bound access.
+
+Tue Jan 25 07:48:22 2011  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb: remove unused variables.
+
+Tue Jan 25 07:45:44 2011  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (TestThread#test_condvar_nolock_2): get
+	  rid of method redefined.
+
+Tue Jan 25 07:00:52 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_string_value_cstr): rb_str_modify can change
+	  RSTRING_PTR.
+
+Tue Jan 25 03:24:28 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb: Added various ConditionVariable tests.
+
+Mon Jan 24 22:26:33 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* object.c (rb_str_to_dbl): Fix again. use rb_str_tmp_new()
+	  instead ALLOC_N.
+
+Mon Jan 24 21:50:48 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Mon Jan 24 21:28:34 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* object.c (rb_str_to_dbl): use ALLOC_N instead ALLOCA_N because
+	  ALLOC_N may cause stack overflow.
+
+Mon Jan 24 21:04:45 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (rb_invalid_str): prevent intermediate variable from GC.
+	  [ruby-core:34820]
+
+Sun Jan 23 23:01:54 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/io/console/test_io_console.rb: Don't run test if the system
+	  don't support io/console.
+
+Sun Jan 23 22:17:07 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/fiddle/test_fiddle.rb: Don't run test if the system don't support
+	  fiddle.
+
+	* test/fiddle/test_function.rb: ditto.
+	* test/fiddle/test_closure.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Jan 23 11:39:18 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* vm_exec.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sun Jan 23 10:33:02 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* template/fake.rb.in (ruby): suppress warnings.
+
+Sun Jan 23 08:00:09 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (str_nth_len, str_utf8_nth): return the rest length together.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_substr): get rid of measure the length always
+	  to improve performance for huge string.  [ruby-core:34648]
+
+Sun Jan 23 00:40:10 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/test_syslog.rb: Fix to make a lot of test failure if
+	  the platform doesn't support syslog.
+
+Sat Jan 22 11:49:55 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: fixing merge key support
+	  when multiple merge keys are specified.
+
+	* test/psych/test_merge_keys.rb: tests for multi-merge key support
+
+Sat Jan 22 11:33:04 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: merge keys are actually
+	  part of YAML 1.1, so they should be supported.  Remove warning and
+	  merge keys to parent.  [ruby-core:34679]
+
+	* test/psych/test_merge_keys.rb: test for merge keys
+
+Sat Jan 22 10:25:19 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/parser.c (parse): add the file name to the exception when
+	  parse errors occur.
+
+	* test/psych/test_parser.rb: test for parse error file name
+
+Sat Jan 22 10:12:30 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/parser.c (parse): fix assertion error when reusing a
+	  parser after an exception has been raised
+
+	* test/psych/test_parser.rb: test for assertion error
+
+Sat Jan 22 04:09:22 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/nodes/node.rb: Make Psych::Nodes::Node
+	  enumerable.
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/depth_first.rb: Add a depth-first
+	  visitor to enumerate over a YAML AST in a depth-first fashion
+
+	* test/psych/nodes/test_enumerable.rb: test for enumerating nodes
+
+	* test/psych/visitors/test_depth_first.rb: test for depth-first
+	  visitor
+
+Sat Jan 22 00:53:42 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Fri Jan 21 18:15:09 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: should not use -Werror=* flags while conftests.
+
+Fri Jan 21 09:17:00 2011  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: Fix incorrectly detected x86_64-w64-mingw32 due
+	  canonalization of target_os. Bug #3889 [ruby-core:32634]
+
+Thu Jan 20 23:44:00 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: Fix rb_cv_va_args_macro was broken. We are using
+	  -Werror=implicit-function-declaration compile option. therefore
+	  we need a function declaration explicitly.
+
+Thu Jan 20 23:58:02 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* node.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Thu Jan 20 23:25:28 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: Add '#include <stdlib.h>' to
+	  rb_cv_localtime_overflow test too. It's reported by Tomoyuki
+	  Chikanaga. Thanks.
+
+Thu Jan 20 16:11:00 2011  Kenta Murata <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* README.EXT, README.EXT.ja: You shouldn't choose ``conftest.c'' as a
+	  name of a source file.
+
+Thu Jan 20 12:15:44 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: Add stdlib.h inclusion into rb_cv_negative_time_t
+	  test because it's required for exit(3). The patch is
+	  created by Tomoyuki Chikanaga. [Bug #4287] [ruby-dev:43060]
+
+Thu Jan 20 11:39:41 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/webrick/utils.rb (TestWEBrick::RubyBin): test CGI does not need
+	  to load rubygems.  if it activated, ruby raises LoadError about
+	  rbconfig.rb.
+
+Thu Jan 20 09:19:42 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/json_tree.rb: Fix JSON emit for
+	  DateTime and Time classes.
+
+	* test/psych/test_json_tree.rb: test for JSON emit
+
+Thu Jan 20 08:02:46 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/coder.rb (represent_object): arbitrary objects
+	  may be passed to the Psych::Coder object.
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: support for visiting
+	  arbitrary objects set on the coder.
+
+	* test/psych/test_coder.rb: supporting test case.
+
+Thu Jan 20 06:03:17 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* method.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Wed Jan 19 13:16:05 2011  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/sources_command.rb: Finish removing code,
+	  (fixes sources command test).
+
+Wed Jan 19 13:04:16 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* proc.c (proc_call): Add gc guard to avoid segfault. The fix
+	  is created by Tomoyuki Chikanaga. [Bug #4238][ruby-dev:42963]
+
+Wed Jan 19 12:31:28 2011  Eric Hodel <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb: Since gem_prelude requires rubygems, enable
+	  custom_require always.
+
+Wed Jan 19 12:08:08 2011  Eric Hodel <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/dependency_command.rb: Remove require of
+	  deleted file.
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/fetch_command.rb: ditto
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/setup_command.rb: ditto
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/sources_command.rb: ditto
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/specification_command.rb: ditto
+
+Wed Jan 19 08:13:59 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
+
+	* lib/rubygems*: Import rubygems 1.5.0 (release candidate)
+	* test/rubygems: Ditto
+
+Tue Jan 18 23:31:01 2011  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* parse.y: avoid NULL reference.  [ruby-dev:43067]
+
+Wed Jan 19 02:54:04 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vsnprintf.c (cvt): set first byte of buf to NUL for the case when
+	  no bytes are written to the buf. [ruby-dev:43062]
+
+Tue Jan 18 23:04:51 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* gc.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Jan 18 18:31:14 2011  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/completion.rb: Irb tab completion support for XX::method
+	  forms.
+
+Tue Jan 18 15:05:55 2011  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/logger.rb: added RDoc document for logging message escape
+	  by Hal Brodigan. See #3869
+
+Tue Jan 18 07:53:52 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* eval_intern.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Jan 18 04:42:44 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/parser.rb (Mark): Adding a class to wrap
+	  marker information
+
+	* ext/psych/parser.c (mark): Add a method to return the mark object
+	  for the parser
+
+	* test/psych/test_parser.rb: tests for the Mark class.
+
+Tue Jan 18 02:46:55 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/json_tree.rb (visit_String): JSON
+	  strings should be dumped with double quotes. [ruby-core:34186]
+
+	* test/psych/test_json_tree.rb: test for double quotes
+
+Mon Jan 17 23:36:33 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_times): less MEMCPY calls.
+
+Mon Jan 17 22:54:33 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* debug.h: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Mon Jan 17 21:40:25 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (process_options): revert r30549.
+
+Sun Jan 16 20:55:45 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* vsnprintf.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sat Jan 15 11:57:30 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (warnflags): add -Werror=implicit-function-declaration
+	  if available.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (init_mkmf): ignore warnings in mkmf tests.
+
+	* test/mkmf/base.rb (setup, teardown): restore config values.
+
+	* test/mkmf/test_flags.rb: split from test_find_executable.rb.
+
+Sat Jan 15 10:04:14 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (process_options): autoload rubygems.
+
+	* tool/compile_prelude.rb (Prelude#initialize): ignore empty
+	  preludes.
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_init_prelude): get rid of global namespace
+	  pollution.
+
+Sat Jan 15 09:42:12 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/io.h: missing prototypes.
+
+Fri Jan 14 23:25:55 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Fri Jan 14 15:32:29 2011  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/net/imap/test_imap.rb: call neither logout nor disconnect
+	  unless connected.  patch by Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA.  [ruby-dev:42860]
+
+Fri Jan 14 14:56:57 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb: use bytesize for binary strings.
+	  patched by Yoshimasa Niwa. [ruby-core:34222]
+
+Fri Jan 14 14:01:12 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): the resulted string of unpack('M') must have
+	  ASCII-8BIT encoding (and ENC_CODERANGE_VALID). [ruby-core:34482]
+
+Fri Jan 14 13:38:58 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (gzfile_check_footer): ISIZE (Input SIZE) in
+	  gzip's header is the size of uncompressed input data modulo 2^32.
+	  [ruby-core:34481] http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1952.txt
+
+Fri Jan 14 11:36:25 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in, win32/Makefile.sub (RUNRUBY): require path should
+	  include "." because rbconfig.rb is there.
+
+Fri Jan 14 10:40:11 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryan@lust.local>
+
+	* gem_prelude.rb: Just require rubygems. Fixes rubygems 1.4.
+	* lib/rubygems.rb: removed all Gem::Quickloader code.
+	* ruby.c: renamed ruby_init_gems to ruby_init_prelude. Set
+	  $disable_rubygems since there is no fine grained mechanism to
+	  skip parts of the prelude. Open to suggestions on how to do this
+	  better.
+	* test/*.rb: Load path isn't set up correctly, so add
+	  --disable-gems as needed to failing tests that are explicitly
+	  testing stderr w/ ==.
+
+Fri Jan 14 07:30:47 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (argf_next_argv): go advance when the next file cannot be
+	  read.  [ruby-core:34446]
+
+Thu Jan 13 20:49:19 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Thu Jan 13 13:21:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* vm_dump.c: delete dashes to make lines 80 chars, Patched by
+	  Shota Fukumori (sora_h).  [Bug #4275] [ruby-dev:43021]
+
+Thu Jan 13 13:21:00 2011  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* vm_dump.c: fix misspelling of CrashReporter, Patched by Shota
+	  Fukumori (sora_h).  [Bug #4275] [ruby-dev:43021]
+
+Thu Jan 13 06:27:29 2011  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
+
+	* error.c: Exception#to_s should actually call to_s.
+
+Thu Jan 13 00:32:54 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (get_nth_dirname): decrement the directory index
+	  because the index specifies the index of given included_directories
+	  which is separated by NUL and its index is begun from 1.
+	  Note that 0 specifies the current directory of the compilation.
+	  see also http://www.dwarfstd.org/doc/dwarf-2.0.0.pdf
+
+Thu Jan 13 00:06:38 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_f_syscall): Add warning messages. [ruby-core:34062]
+
+Thu Jan 13 00:00:07 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_f_syscall): Some syscall return unsigned or pointer value.
+	  Therefore we should only check the result is -1 or not.
+	  [ruby-core:34062]
+
+Wed Jan 12 23:55:48 2011  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_f_syscall): Add 64bit Linux support. Some syscall takes
+	  long type arguments.
+
+Wed Jan 12 19:37:10 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Wed Jan 12 19:28:23 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* vm.c (thread_free): reset ruby_current_thread if it points the
+	  thread to free.
+	* gc.c (slot_sweep): don't call RUBY_VM_SET_FINALIZER_INTERRUPT if
+	  there is no current thread.
+	  [ruby-dev:43000]
+
+Wed Jan 12 19:09:29 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enum.c (sort_by_i): reenter check more strictly.
+	  (sort_by_cmp): ditto.
+	  [ruby-dev:43003] reported by Usaku NAKAMURA.
+
+Wed Jan 12 16:25:12 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP#connect): makes it timeout during
+	  SSL handshake too. [ruby-core:34203]
+	  Patch by Marc Slemko.
+
+	* test/net/http/test_http.rb (TestNetHTTP_v1_2#test_timeout_during_HTTP_session):
+	  test for [ruby-core:34203]
+
+	* test/net/http/test_https.rb (TestNetHTTPS#test_timeout_during_SSL_handshake):
+	  ditto.
+
+Wed Jan 12 16:24:53 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* ext/readline/extconf.rb: new checks for RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE
+	  and RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE. [ruby-core:34331]
+
+	* ext/readline/readline.c: enables USE_INSERT_IGNORE_ESCAPE only if
+	  RL_PROMPT_{START,END}_IGNORE are available to get rid of compilation
+	  error with libedit.
+
+Wed Jan 12 15:53:49 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* README.EXT.ja (rb_ensure): typo.
+
+Wed Jan 12 11:33:46 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c: OpenBSD uses the elf_abi.h header file instead of the
+	  elf.h header file. patched by Jeremy Evans [ruby-core:34384]
+
+Wed Jan 12 03:59:36 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/webrick/test_cgi.rb: Removes usage of deprecated
+	  :RequestHandler option.
+	  patched by Peter Weldon [ruby-core:34010]
+
+	* test/webrick/test_httpproxy.rb: ditto.
+
+	* test/webrick/test_httpserver.rb: Add a test of the deprecation
+	  behaviour.
+
+Wed Jan 12 08:37:07 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (hash_i): return different values for inverse hash.
+	  [ruby-core:34334]
+
+Tue Jan 11 20:32:59 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* variable.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Jan 11 13:06:38 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_resize): should care of embeded array when extending
+	  the array.
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_resize): need to set capa when changing the real
+	  size of the array.
+	  these are latent bugs.
+
+Mon Jan 10 22:46:43 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/defines.h (CASEFOLD_FILESYSTEM): HFS+ is case
+	  insensitive.
+
+	* load.c (loaded_feature_path, rb_feature_p, load_lock): on a
+	  case-insensitive filesystem, loaded features search should
+	  ignore case.  [ruby-core:34297]
+
+Mon Jan 10 21:34:12 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (showflags): show LD commands.
+
+Mon Jan 10 14:32:55 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_method.rb (TestMethod#test_define_method): method
+	  transplanting between class and module is impossible.
+
+Mon Jan 10 13:51:17 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/rdoc-mode.el (rdoc-mode): show trailing whitespace.
+
+Mon Jan 10 11:22:02 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* util.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Mon Jan 10 07:41:31 2011  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* misc/README: mention rdoc-mode.el and ruby-style.el.
+
+Sun Jan  9 20:37:21 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* transcode.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sun Jan  9 16:31:53 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* io.c (Kernel.#syscall): implemented on LP64/LLP64 environments too.
+	  also uses __syscall if available for *BSD on 64bit architecture.
+	  [ruby-core:34062]
+
+Sun Jan  9 16:31:34 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* lib/irb/locale.rb (IRB::Locale::LOCALE_NAME_RE):
+	  some platform has a locale without territory but with
+	  encoding.
+	  (#each_sub_locale): ditto.
+
+Sun Jan  9 14:47:50 2011  TAKAO Kouji  <kouji@takao7.net>
+
+	* ext/readline/readline.c: apply a patch from Nobuyoshi Nakada.
+	  fixed #3616 [ruby-core:31484] IRB + readline incorrectly counts
+	  non-printing characters in prompt
+
+Sat Jan  8 21:47:26 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_sort_by): use rb_ary_resize.
+	  (ary_cutoff): removed.
+
+Sat Jan  8 21:24:17 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* pack.c (swapf): compilation condition simplified.
+	  (swapd): ditto.
+
+Sat Jan  8 20:51:25 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* pack.c (swapd): remove duplicated code.
+
+Sat Jan  8 19:28:55 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* thread.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Fri Jan  7 23:07:40 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (configuration): backref needs to capture.
+
+Fri Jan  7 21:57:22 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-mode-variables), misc/ruby-style.el:
+	  show trailing whitespace.
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-font-lock-syntactic-keywords): highlight
+	  regexp after open bracket.  [ruby-core:34183]
+
+Fri Jan  7 00:37:35 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* string.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Thu Jan  6 22:42:02 2011  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* bignum.c (bigmul1_karatsuba): avoid overflow that make assertion
+	  fail in certain case.  this patch is contributed from Ray Chason
+	  <chasonr at gmail.com> in personal communication.
+
+Thu Jan  6 20:55:49 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): ignore rest from first dot from
+	  TARGET to generate init function name.
+	  this is followup of r30464.
+
+Thu Jan  6 11:27:01 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/json/tree_builder.rb (start_mapping): tags
+	  should not be included in JSON mapping
+
+Thu Jan  6 09:23:33 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* lib/net/protocol.rb (eof?): BufferedIO should proxy eof? to the
+	  underlying IO object.
+
+Thu Jan  6 09:12:31 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (configuration): fixing gsub when multiple error flags
+	  are passed to GCC.
+
+Thu Jan  6 05:25:49 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_modify): export.
+
+Thu Jan  6 05:14:41 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (get_strio, strio_set_string)
+	  (strio_reopen): check if frozen.  [ruby-core:33648]
+
+Thu Jan  6 05:10:58 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_resize): new utility function.  [ruby-dev:42912]
+
+Thu Jan  6 05:03:26 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dln.c (init_funcname_len): ignore rest from first dot.
+	  [ruby-dev:41774]
+
+Thu Jan  6 02:55:48 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: use YAML 1.0 output
+	  format for serializing nil values.  Thanks Eric Hodel!
+
+	* test/psych/test_nil.rb: test for nil values
+
+Wed Jan  5 14:21:34 2011  Mark Dodwell  <hi@mkdynamic.co.uk>
+
+	* string.c: fix rdoc typo.
+	  https://github.com/shyouhei/ruby/pull/3
+
+Wed Jan  5 14:06:01 2011  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_options.rb (TestRDocOptions#test_check_files):
+	  skip on Windows because chmod 0 doesn't mean unreadable by owner.
+
+Wed Jan  5 13:56:54 2011  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP#get): A header hash given should not
+	  be modified.
+
+Wed Jan  5 12:10:08 2011  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/dl/{cfunc.c,dl.h,handle.c}, ext/fiddle/fiddle.{h,c}: Use _WIN32
+	  rather than checking for windows.h.  Thanks Jon Forums!
+	  [ruby-core:33977]
+
+Sat Jan  1 17:02:50 2011  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* lib/irb/locale.rb (IRB::Locale#search_file): make it possible
+	  to load a localization from a gem.
+	  (IRB::Locale#lc_path): obsoleted because of the change of #search_file
+	  (IRB::Locale#each_localized_path): new private method, based on
+	  lc_path
+	  (IRB::Locale#find): follows the change of #search_file.
+	  (IRB::Locale#load): removed duplicate with #find.
+
+Sat Jan  1 11:44:42 2011  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* strftime.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sat Jan  1 11:10:29 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c: take care of platforms where long is bigger
+	  than int.
+
+Sat Jan  1 11:03:58 2011  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS (optparse): shell completion support.
+
+	* misc/README (rb_optparse.{bash,zsh}): for shell completion.
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (VALUE rb_ary_print_on): I have never seen
+	  this function anywhere.
+
+Sat Jan  1 04:20:11 2011  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_write_console): don't raise exception when
+	  the conversion is for writing to console.
+	  Patched by Heesob Park [ruby-core:33999]
+
+Fri Dec 31 12:02:06 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_sort_by): use less temporary objects.
+
+Fri Dec 31 11:46:47 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (warnflags), lib/mkmf.rb (configuration): turn
+	  warnings into errors only for bundled extensions.
+	  [ruby-core:33815]
+
+Fri Dec 31 11:15:57 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (sizeof): zlib.h mistakenly assumes the result
+	  of sizeof to be int, not size_t.
+
+Fri Dec 31 10:27:34 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* st.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Fri Dec 31 03:23:26 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vsnprintf.c (BSD__uqtoa): Fix overflow when long != quad_t.
+	  patched by Peter Weldon <peter.weldon AT null.net>
+	  [ruby-core:33985]
+
+Fri Dec 31 03:00:34 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* Makefile.in: remove unnecessary semicolons.
+
+Thu Dec 30 23:09:47 2010  wanabe  <s.wanabe@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm.c (vm_define_method): guard iseq from GC while method definition.
+	  [ruby-dev:42832]
+
+Thu Dec 30 20:18:32 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub: ditto.
+
+Thu Dec 30 20:57:09 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* Makefile.in: Check V=1 argument if run "make clean" or similar.
+
+Thu Dec 30 20:41:50 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* Makefile.in: Kill ugly line continuation.
+
+Thu Dec 30 11:49:40 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* sprintf.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Wed Dec 29 21:20:13 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (maygvl_copy_stream_wait_readwrite): define if USE_SENDFILE
+
+Wed Dec 29 20:37:43 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb: strip current directory prefix.
+
+	* enc/depend (clean): remove name2ctype.h when out-of-place build.
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (clean-enc): pass V to inferior make.
+
+Wed Dec 29 18:23:46 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_expr_str): need to escape if the coderange is invalid.
+
+Wed Dec 29 10:06:51 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* signal.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Wed Dec 29 07:22:15 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rake/rdoctask.rb: Deprecate in favor of rdoc/task.
+
+Wed Dec 29 07:07:06 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc: Import RDoc 3.1
+
+Tue Dec 28 18:36:38 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c, include/ruby/intern.h (rb_compile_error_with_enc): new
+	  function to raise syntax error, with source encoding'ed message.
+
+	* parse.y (compile_error): use above function.
+	  [ruby-core:33951] (#4217)
+
+Tue Dec 28 07:37:38 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ruby.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Dec 28 07:17:11 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* NEWS: add ARGF.write and so on.
+
+Tue Dec 28 07:12:38 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* NEWS: add new magic-comment. (warn-indent) [ruby-core:25442]
+
+Tue Dec 28 04:32:37 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/extconf.rb: check for windows.h while building fiddle.
+	  Thanks Jon Forums! [ruby-core:33923]
+
+Tue Dec 28 01:45:12 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* NEWS: Add Zlib.deflate and Zlib.inflate.
+	  [ruby-dev:42833]
+
+Mon Dec 27 21:22:33 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* win32/configure.bat: Remove obsoleted coding rule. Now, we
+	  don't support to build on Windows 95/98 and Me.
+
+Mon Dec 27 18:27:13 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* re.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Mon Dec 27 15:22:23 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/README.win32: note to need NT based OS to build ruby.
+
+Mon Dec 27 12:14:46 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (EXTMK_ARGS): specify to pass macro V, because nmake
+	  doesn't pass it via MAKEFLAGS.
+
+Mon Dec 27 10:33:43 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (Init_zlib): Add Zlib.deflate and Zlib.inflate.
+	  [ruby-dev:42833]
+
+Mon Dec 27 07:38:07 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* misc/rb_optparse.zsh: add compdef for generator.
+
+Mon Dec 27 07:32:07 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser#compsys): escape brackets too.
+	  [ruby-dev:42754]
+
+Mon Dec 27 01:30:08 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/mkconstants.rb: add IF_NAMESIZE.
+	  add a default for INET6_ADDRSTRLEN.
+
+Sun Dec 26 23:49:47 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub: suppress a strange error message when RMALL
+	  found no such file.
+	* win32/rmall.bat: new.
+
+Sun Dec 26 21:23:23 2010    <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub: fix 'nmake clean-enc' breakage since r28322.
+
+Sun Dec 26 22:25:07 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/ripper/depend (ripper.y): fix messages with nmake.
+	  [ruby-dev:42896]
+
+Sun Dec 26 22:24:14 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (file_expand_path): get rid of warnings caused by
+	  -Wdeclaration-after-statement on cygwin.
+
+Sun Dec 26 20:28:34 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (before_exec): add small comment.
+
+Sun Dec 26 20:52:21 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/mkconstants.rb: define INET_ADDRSTRLEN as 16 if not
+	  available.  fix compilation error on mswin32-60.  reported by nobu.
+
+Sun Dec 26 19:37:37 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c: define IFNAMSIZ if not available.
+	  fix compilation error on mingw32.  reported by nobu.
+
+Sun Dec 26 12:16:29 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/ri/paths.rb (RDoc::RI::Paths::HOMEDIR): no exception if
+	  HOME is not set.  [ruby-core:33867]
+
+Sun Dec 26 11:39:11 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (stmt): missing ripper rule.  i.e., `a::B ||= c 1'.
+	  http://twitter.com/#!/wannabe53/status/18797576396472321
+	  http://twitter.com/#!/wannabe53/status/18798416150663168
+
+Sun Dec 26 11:15:50 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/with_different_ofs.rb (DifferentOFS): should not affect
+	  original classes.
+
+Sun Dec 26 09:35:07 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* rational.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sun Dec 26 09:22:19 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c (rb_if_indextoname): new function to abstract
+	  environments without if_indextoname.
+	  (inspect_ipv6_multicast_if): new function to inspect
+	  IPV6_MULTICAST_IF.
+	  Socket::Option.new(:INET6, :IPV6, :MULTICAST_IF,
+	  [2].pack("I!")).inspect is
+	  "#<Socket::Option: INET6 IPV6 MULTICAST_IF eth0>".
+
+Sun Dec 26 04:31:15 2010  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/dl/win32/registry.rb: Corrected RegCreateKeyExA signature.
+	  Patch by Rafal Michalski [ruby-core:33874] [Ruby 1.9-Bug#4203]
+
+Sun Dec 26 02:31:58 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (advice_arg_check): Change argument check.
+	  Now, an unsupported advice makes NotImplementedError.
+	  [ruby-dev:42887] [Ruby 1.9-Feature#4204]
+
+Sun Dec 26 03:00:53 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: Fix build error which was introduced r30372.
+
+Sun Dec 26 01:37:10 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: check the existence of if_indextoname().
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c: yesterday's akr's commits destroyed the build of
+	  some unrelated platforms (such as Windows).
+
+Sat Dec 25 23:29:11 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c (inspect_ipv4_add_drop_membership): new function
+	  to inspect struct ip_mreq and struct ip_mreqn for
+	  IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP and IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP.
+	  Socket::Option.new(:INET, :IP, :ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
+	  [239,255,99,81, 0,0,0,0].pack("CCCCCCCC")).inspect is now
+	  "#<Socket::Option: INET IP ADD_MEMBERSHIP 239.255.99.81 0.0.0.0>".
+	  (inspect_ipv4_multicast_if): new function to inspect struct in_addr
+	  and struct ip_mreqn for IP_MULTICAST_IF.
+	  Socket::Option.new(:INET, :IP, :MULTICAST_IF,
+	  [192,168,0,7].pack("CCCC")).inspect is now
+	  "#<Socket::Option: INET IP MULTICAST_IF 192.168.0.7>".
+
+	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: check struct ip_mreq and struct ip_mreqn.
+
+Sat Dec 25 22:49:10 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/csv: DifferentOFS needs to be include in each classes.
+
+	* test/digest/test_digest_extend.rb (TestDigestExtend#setup):
+	  should not depend on the result of previous tests
+
+	* test/with_different_ofs.rb (DifferentOFS::WithDifferentOFS): give
+	  name.
+
+	* test/with_different_ofs.rb (DifferentOFS): test suite for test
+	  suites affected by $,.
+
+	* test/digest/test_digest_extend.rb (TestDigestExtend): should not
+	  assume $, invariant.
+
+	* test/csv/test_data_converters.rb, test/csv/test_table.rb: don't
+	  call setup within tests.
+
+Sat Dec 25 20:01:40 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (pipe_open): Added rb_thread_atfork(). We must reinitialize
+	  GVL at new process creation.
+
+Sat Dec 25 18:26:55 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c (inspect_ipv6_mreq): new function to inspect
+	  struct ipv6_mreq for IPV6_JOIN_GROUP and IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP.
+	  Socket::Option.new(:INET6, :IPV6, :JOIN_GROUP,
+	  [0xff12,0,0,0,0,0,0,1, 2].pack("nnnnnnnnI!")).inspect is now
+	  "#<Socket::Option: INET6 IPV6 JOIN_GROUP ff12::1 eth0>".
+
+	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: check struct ipv6_mreq.
+
+Sat Dec 25 18:04:30 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb (CSV.foreach): 'rb' mode is defaulted in open.
+
+	* lib/csv.rb (CSV#init_separators): cannonicalize encoding options
+	  as Encoding objects.
+
+Sat Dec 25 18:30:34 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_atfork): Add small comment why we need
+	  reset random seed.
+
+Sat Dec 25 17:33:55 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/csv/base.rb (TestCSV.with_different_ofs): give name to
+	  anonymous classes.
+
+	* lib/csv.rb (CSV#init_separators): use IO#gets with length
+	  parameter to get rid of wrong conversion.
+
+	* lib/csv.rb (CSV::foreach, CSV#initialize): directly use encoding
+
+	* lib/csv.rb, test/csv: should not assume $, invariant.
+
+Sat Dec 25 16:08:06 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* signal.c: change rb_atomic_t definition from uchar to uint.
+
+Sat Dec 25 15:04:05 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/csv/test_encodings.rb (TestEncodings#setup): fix evil test
+	  suite writing to the source directory.
+
+Sat Dec 25 15:08:08 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/pty/pty.c (chfunc): Added rb_thread_atfork_before_exec().
+	  We must reinitialize GVL at new process creation. Otherwise
+	  we may meet an insane deadlock. [Bug#4121][ruby-dev:42686]
+
+Sat Dec 25 14:27:09 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_extract_encoding_option): accept Encoding object as
+	  encoding: optional argument.  [ruby-dev:42884]
+
+Sat Dec 25 13:37:55 2010  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
+
+	* lib/minitest/*.rb: Imported minitest 2.0.2 r6093.
+
+Sat Dec 25 13:05:59 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* random.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sat Dec 25 12:48:50 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* load.c (rb_f_require_relative): don't omit return type.
+
+Sat Dec 25 11:06:00 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* load.c (rb_f_require_relative): Add documentation.
+
+Sat Dec 25 11:02:52 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (gzreader_gets): support optional length
+	  parameter.
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (gzfile_read, gzfile_readpartial): length should
+	  be long.
+
+Sat Dec 25 10:51:03 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json/generator/generator.{c,h} (fbuffer_free_only_buffer):
+	  unused.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs5.c (ossl_pkcs5_pbkdf2_hmac): add casts.
+
+Fri Dec 24 08:46:04 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Thu Dec 23 19:17:14 2010  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* test/net/imap/cacert.pem: updated because it has been expired.
+
+	* test/net/imap/server.crt: signed again because CA cert was expired.
+
+Thu Dec 23 11:16:52 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* parse.y: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Thu Dec 23 11:00:09 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (rb_check_type): check for type from extensions for ruby
+	  1.8.  see [ruby-core:33797].
+
+Thu Dec 23 08:12:59 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* lib/net/smtp.rb: refactoring Net::SMTP#esmtp= to use an
+	  attr_accessor
+
+Thu Dec 23 06:35:41 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* lib/net/smtp.rb: Net::SMTP should close the SSL connection if the
+	  connection verification fails.
+
+Thu Dec 23 01:47:58 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* NEWS: remove #object_id. [ruby-dev:42840]
+
+Wed Dec 22 08:56:39 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* NEWS: add Module#private_constant and Module#public_constant.
+	  [ruby-dev:39685][ruby-core:32698]
+
+Wed Dec 22 07:59:23 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* NEWS: add IO#advise. [ruby-core:33110] [Ruby 1.9-Feature#4038]
+
+Tue Dec 21 23:45:31 2010  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (Init_GC): move back object_id to Kernel. [ruby-dev:42840]
+
+Tue Dec 21 12:45:16 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (target_archs): remove temporary objects.
+
+	* enc/Makefile.in, enc/depend (clean): remove work directories.
+
+Tue Dec 21 07:39:12 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* pack.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Dec 21 06:25:43 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_contrib.rb (ContribTester#test_pos): should not
+	  use fixed path name for tests.  [ruby-dev:42827]
+
+	* test/rexml/test_sax.rb (SAX2Tester#test_socket): should not use
+	  fixed port for tests.  [ruby-dev:42828]
+
+Tue Dec 21 06:10:18 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (setup_args), vm.c (invoke_block_from_c),
+	  vm_insnhelper.c (caller_setup_args): reverted r30241 and r30243
+	  except for the test.
+
+Tue Dec 21 01:41:42 2010  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lnag.org>
+
+	* io.c : add an extra byte to buffer for the specification of read
+	  in Windows. see [ruby-core:33460] and r29980. and, we have to
+	  discuss how to do this one byte.
+
+Tue Dec 21 01:18:06 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* error.c: Fix build error for win32. This regression was
+	  introduced by r30271.
+
+Tue Dec 21 00:59:40 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_cleanup_func): Moved interrupted_lock
+	  destroying code from native_thread_destroy() to
+	  thread_cleanup_func() because it's platform independent logic.
+
+	* thread_win32.c (native_thread_destroy): ditto.
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_thread_destroy): ditto.
+
+Tue Dec 21 00:46:20 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_cleanup_func): Don't touch native threading
+	  resource at fork. Sadly this is purely bandaid. We need to
+	  implement proper fix later. [Bug #4169] [ruby-core:33767]
+
+Tue Dec 21 00:22:44 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* error.c (exit_success_p): Check status code more carefully.
+	  status code may have garbage in upper bit.
+
+Mon Dec 20 23:12:37 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* node.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Mon Dec 20 20:04:41 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* NEWS: add #__id__ and #object_id. [ruby-dev:42778]
+
+Mon Dec 20 20:03:21 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_thread_destroy): Fixed gvl_cond leak.
+
+Mon Dec 20 13:49:05 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* NEWS: Add item for RDoc 3.0.1
+
+	* lib/rdoc: Import RDoc 3.0.1, remove require for perl parser.
+
+Mon Dec 20 12:15:32 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc: Import RDoc 3.0.
+
+Mon Dec 20 01:55:03 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (Init_IO): Added O_DIRECT. This feature was proposed by
+	  Run Paint Run Run.
+	  [Feature #4015] [ruby-core:33018]
+
+Sun Dec 19 19:15:23 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* marshal.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sat Dec 18 21:52:37 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): suppress warning: "_WIN32" is not
+	  defined.
+
+Sat Dec 18 16:02:27 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (setup_args), vm.c (invoke_block_from_c),
+	  vm_insnhelper.c (caller_setup_args): fix of r30241. lambda block
+	  should check argument number.
+
+Sat Dec 18 14:42:29 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* load.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sat Dec 18 10:07:04 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (setup_args, iseq_compile_each): optimize AMPER LAMBDA
+	  combination as block.
+
+Fri Dec 17 22:07:16 2010  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (Init_GC): move #__id__ and #object_id to BasicObject.
+	  [ruby-dev:42778]
+
+Fri Dec 17 19:35:13 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/mkmf/base.rb (TestMkmf::FakeLog): capture output from mkmf.
+
+	* test/mkmf/test_find_executable.rb (test_find_executable):
+	  suppress meaningless differences for chkbuild.
+
+Fri Dec 17 13:26:54 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/setup.mak (BASERUBY): quit with an error when BASERUBY was not
+	  able to set, just like configure.in does. [ruby-dev:42782]
+
+Fri Dec 17 07:04:09 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* iseq.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Fri Dec 17 04:18:37 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* transcode.c (str_encode): Alter comment for better wording and ri
+	  output.
+
+Fri Dec 17 00:05:40 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_advise): New API. IO#advise() allows to tell the
+	  ruby runtime how it expects to use a file handle. This feature
+	  can be improved a performance some situations.
+	  Note: This feature is mainly developed by Run Paint Run Run.
+	  Thank you! [ruby-core:33110] [Ruby 1.9-Feature#4038]
+
+	* io.c (do_io_advise): Helper function.
+	* io.c (io_advise_sym_to_const): ditto.
+
+Thu Dec 16 23:29:20 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb (bin-comm): use transformed name.
+	  [ruby-dev:42777]
+
+Thu Dec 16 21:52:07 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* io.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Thu Dec 16 21:46:39 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/mkconfig.rb (RbConfig): honor ARCHFLAGS and RC_ARCHS to
+	  override embedded ARCH_FLAG value on universal-darwin.
+
+Thu Dec 16 19:50:12 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/{configure.bat,setup.mak,Makefile.sub} (PROGRAM_PREFIX,
+	  PROGRAM_SUFFIX): unite the differences of the names of macros of
+	  prefix and suffix.
+	  reported by HANEDA Norikatsu. [ruby-dev:42775]
+
+Thu Dec 16 08:04:47 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* node.h (RNode): match the type of flags to RBasic, and renamed
+	  nd_file as nd_reserved.
+
+	* iseq.c (set_relation), vm_insnhelper.c (vm_cref_push): nd_file
+	  is always zero-cleared.
+
+Thu Dec 16 07:22:30 2010  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
+
+	* lib/minitest/unit.rb: Imported minitest 2.0.1 r6079.
+
+Wed Dec 15 20:45:02 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (process_args): need to setup @help to print options.
+
+Wed Dec 15 11:19:33 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/zlib/test_zlib.rb (test_to_io): forgotten to fix with r30201.
+
+Wed Dec 15 11:07:34 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (simple_sendfile): enable on Mac OS X.
+
+	* io.c (nogvl_copy_stream_sendfile): moved precheck of copy length.
+
+	* io.c (nogvl_copy_stream_sendfile): should wait for both of
+	  read/write fds.
+
+Wed Dec 15 07:11:55 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* hash.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Wed Dec 15 04:02:00 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509ext.c (ossl_x509extfactory_set_config):
+	  fix compile error when !HAVE_X509V3_SET_NCONF. Thanks
+	  Chikanaga-san. [ruby-dev:42761] [Ruby 1.9-Bug#4158]
+
+Wed Dec 15 03:41:31 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ripper/test_parser_events.rb (TestRipper#test_block_variables):
+	  Limit address space 100MB instead 100KB. Quite frankly, This
+	  margin is too narrow to contain ruby. [ruby-dev:42763] [Bug#4159]
+
+Tue Dec 14 23:53:52 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (simple_sendfile): improve linux compatibility on FreeBSD,
+	  and now it works. But without cpuset -l 0, it still gets stuck.
+
+Tue Dec 14 20:31:33 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* gc.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Dec 14 18:31:48 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: help messages.
+
+Tue Dec 14 18:19:03 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (help): there is no reason to use the abbreviation for here.
+
+Tue Dec 14 15:03:46 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_reopen, test_reinitialize): should close
+	  the temporary files.
+
+Tue Dec 14 14:24:15 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (make_tempfile): change the prefix from 'foo'
+	  to 'test_io' because the old one is meaningless and inconvenient.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_binmode_after_closed): the temporary file
+	  made by make_temfile is already closed.
+
+Tue Dec 14 13:52:19 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_flush_in_finalizer[12]): should close
+	  temporary file because it's only used for taking pathname and
+	  unlinking the file after the end of the test (in GC phase).
+
+Tue Dec 14 13:34:33 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (gzfile_s_open): should close the IO if some error
+	  occurs in initializing.
+
+Tue Dec 14 13:04:16 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTPRequest#send_request_body_data):
+	  set binmode to tempfile.
+
+Tue Dec 14 12:55:46 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/zlib/test_zlib.rb (*): should close files associated with zlib.
+
+Tue Dec 14 11:30:17 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_argf.rb (test_inplace_rename_impossible): unlink
+	  the renamed temporary file on no_safe_rename platforms.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_argf.rb (test_readlines_limit_0,
+	  test_each_line_limit_0): should close argf because the associated
+	  Tempfile object cannot unlink the temporary file when it's gc'ed
+	  on some platforms (Windows, etc.)
+
+Tue Dec 14 11:27:07 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/minitest/unit.rb (Minitest::Unit#_run_suite): split test
+	  name and its time. Thiw allows to know test's name when you are
+	  running tests and meet a test which spends long time at realtime.
+
+Tue Dec 14 11:25:20 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: Add -Werror=declaration-after-statement to default
+	  warning flag. If you are using GCC, this flag is useful to
+	  prevent breaking VC build.
+
+Tue Dec 14 10:25:57 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (ossl_asn1_decode0): how many gcc-c99isms
+	  must a man mend; before he can build with VC? r30178
+
+Mon Dec 13 21:26:33 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (simple_sendfile): disable the use of sendfile(2) on
+	  FreeBSD. It blocks on TestIO#test_copy_stream_socket.
+
+Mon Dec 13 18:35:33 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c: define USE_SENDFILE on FreeBSD or DragonFly BSD.
+	  Remove Mac OS X because its argument is different from them.
+
+Mon Dec 13 12:00:09 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* file.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Mon Dec 13 11:21:14 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (simple_sendfile): added for BSD version of sendfile(2).
+
+Mon Dec 13 09:50:09 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTPRequest#set_form): Added to support
+	  both application/x-www-form-urlencoded and multipart/form-data.
+	  There is a similar API, Net::HTTPRequest#set_form_data, but
+	  to keep its compatibility this is newly added. [ruby-dev:42729]
+
+Sun Dec 12 23:45:27 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): fix for __goto__ and __label__
+	  where were totally broken.
+
+Sun Dec 12 22:45:43 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (ID_H_INCLUDES): now id.h depends on vm_opts.h.
+
+Sun Dec 12 20:42:47 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* template/id.h.tmpl: suppress all warning: "SUPPORT_JOKE" is not
+	  defined.  [ruby-dev:42730]
+
+Sun Dec 12 20:35:07 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* misc/rb_optparse.zsh: update how to install.
+
+	* misc/rb_optparse.zsh: avoid error when setopt noclobber.
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb: fix typo. pointed out at
+	  <http://d.hatena.ne.jp/nagachika/20101207>.
+
+Sun Dec 12 13:27:35 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* eval_error.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sun Dec 12 11:53:24 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* error.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sun Dec 12 04:01:58 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_inspect): fix: extra back slash is added when
+	  the string is dummy encoding and includes \x22 or \x5C.
+
+Sun Dec 12 02:42:24 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: indefinite length BER to DER encoding is
+	  properly supported.  Thanks Martin Bosslet! [ruby-core:33082]
+
+Sat Dec 11 17:43:34 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.h: suppress "warning: 'VPrint' declared
+	  'static' but never defined".
+
+Sat Dec 11 09:24:57 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* encoding.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sat Dec 11 08:12:48 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c, ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c: Document RSA, RSA
+	  encryption/decryption and PKCS #5 encryption/decryption.
+
+Sat Dec 11 06:23:41 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c: include Comparable to provide #==.
+	  Document OpenSSL::X509::Name#<=>.  [Ruby 1.9-Feature#4116]
+
+Sat Dec 11 05:48:28 2010  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
+
+	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: infinite loop on method_missing at loading.
+	  [ruby-dev:42716] [Ruby 1.9-Bug#4129]
+
+	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: when no eventloop is running, ruby freezes at
+	  exit.
+
+Sat Dec 11 02:23:15 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: try pkgconfig first, then fall back to
+	  normal have_library, etc.  Thanks Erik Hollensbe. [ruby-core:32406]
+
+Fri Dec 10 22:33:39 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* dln_find.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Fri Dec 10 20:05:42 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* template/id.h.tmpl (ruby_method_ids): suppress warnings.
+	  [ruby-dev:42730]
+
+Fri Dec 10 18:29:20 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_init_loadpath_safe): relatively called non-shared
+	  binary cannot be found in PATH, so use given pathname.
+
+Fri Dec 10 18:28:40 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cygwin/GNUmakefile.in (SCRIPTPROGRAMS): ignore backup files and etc.
+
+	* cygwin/GNUmakefile.in (scriptbin): set executable bit.
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb (install_recursive): always skip default ignored
+	  files.  if block is given, call it instead of calling install.
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb (bin-comm): use install_recursive.
+
+Fri Dec 10 18:12:31 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/mkmf/base.rb (TestMkmf#config_value): extract macro value from
+	  config.h.
+
+	* test/mkmf/test_sizeof.rb (TestMkmf::TestSizeof#test_sizeof_builtin),
+	  (TestMkmf::TestSizeof#test_sizeof_struct): more tests.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (check_signedness): should use the prelude code.
+	  [ruby-dev:42731]
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (Logging.log_close): separate from Logging.logfile.
+
+	* test/mkmf/base.rb (TestMkmf::MKMFLOG): show mkmf.log at failures.
+
+	* test/mkmf/base.rb (TestMkmf#teardown): close log file for each tests.
+
+Fri Dec 10 11:36:43 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* compile.c (enum): remove a comma at end of enumerator list.
+
+	* constant.h (rb_const_flag_t): ditto.
+
+	* iseq.h (enum catch_type): ditto.
+
+	* iseq.h (enum defined_type): ditto.
+
+	* vm_core.h (enum iseq_type): ditto.
+
+	* vm_core.h (enum vm_special_object_type): ditto.
+
+Fri Dec 10 10:47:53 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* sprintf.c (_HAVE_SANE_QUAD_): Don't forget LP64, r30156.
+
+Fri Dec 10 10:37:17 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* sprintf.c (_HAVE_SANE_QUAD_): if a certain platform has LONG_LONG in
+	  8 byte, it might be sane quad. [ruby-core:33634]
+
+Fri Dec 10 10:07:59 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb: remove version 1.1 features.
+
+Fri Dec 10 02:18:02 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c (ossl_x509stctx_cleanup): removing C
+	  implementation of `cleanup`.
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/x509.rb: adding ruby implementation of
+	  `cleanup`.  OpenSSL::X509::StoreContext#cleanup is deprecated since
+	  reusing the underlying struct doesn't make sense. [ruby-dev:42546]
+
+Thu Dec  9 20:14:39 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (lvar_defined_gen, shadowing_lvar_gen, dvar_defined): no
+	  warnings for unused method and block arguments.
+	  [ruby-dev:42718] [ruby-dev:42724]
+
+Thu Dec  9 19:25:49 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* dln.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Thu Dec  9 18:51:06 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/accesslog.rb (WEBrick::AccessLog#format): support
+	  %{remote}p for logging remote (client) port number.
+	  [ruby-dev:42670]
+
+Thu Dec  9 11:00:30 2010  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_dup): should copy contents only.  no instance
+	  variable, no class would be copied.  it would affect methods
+	  #sort, #reject, #transpose, #uniq, #compact, and #shuffle.
+	  [ruby-core:33640]
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_reverse_m): ditto.
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_rotate_m): ditto.
+
+Wed Dec  8 21:38:40 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/dl/lib/dl/struct.rb: clean a warning: assigned but unused
+	  variable. patched by Kouhei Yanagita. [ruby-dev:42722]
+
+	* ext/dl/lib/dl/import.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Dec  8 21:36:16 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (shadowing_lvar_gen): fix line number.  [ruby-dev:42718]
+
+Wed Dec  8 20:37:11 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* dir.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Dec  7 22:37:15 2010  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lnag.org>
+
+	* io.c (io_read): duplicate string if shared. [ruby-dev:42719]
+
+Tue Dec  7 22:31:08 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser::Officious): separate completion
+	  options from --help.  [ruby-dev:42690]
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser::Completion#candidate),
+	  (OptionParser::Switch#compsys): remove unused variables.
+
+Tue Dec  7 22:05:25 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* transcode.c (transcode_loop): call default handler of the given
+	  hash, method, proc or [] method as fallback.  [ruby-dev:42692]
+
+Tue Dec  7 21:59:37 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/light/node.rb: remove circular require.
+
+Tue Dec  7 21:56:01 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_light.rb: really suppress a warning.
+
+Tue Dec  7 21:51:57 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_light.rb: suppress a warning.
+
+Tue Dec  7 21:14:03 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* debug.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Dec  7 21:06:38 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/doctype.rb, test/rexml/test_doctype.rb: suppress warnings.
+	  [ruby-core:33305]
+	  Reported by Aaron Patterson. Thanks!!!
+
+Tue Dec  7 18:56:52 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/nkf/lib/kconv.rb (String#kconv): fix typo and update rdoc.
+	  patched by Kouhei Yanagita [ruby-dev:42696]
+
+Tue Dec  7 20:32:11 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_doctype.rb: add Accessor to test case name.
+
+Tue Dec  7 20:31:02 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@clear-code.com>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_doctype.rb: Doctype -> DocType.
+
+Tue Dec  7 20:29:23 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@clear-code.com>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_doctype_mixin.rb: rename to ...
+	* test/rexml/test_doctype.rb: ... this to remove needless name.
+
+Tue Dec  7 17:03:16 2010  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb (xlist): supported the XLIST command, which is an
+	  extension by Apple and Google.  patch by Geoff Youngs.
+	  [ruby-core:33521]
+
+Tue Dec  7 08:00:44 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in, win32/Makefile.sub (WERRORFLAG): flag to treat
+	  warnings as errors.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (Logging.postpone): yield log file object.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (xsystem): add options, :werror only right now.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (with_werror): check as if warnings are errors.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (convertible_int): make declaration conflict
+	  warnings errors not to pass wrong type.  [ruby-dev:42684]
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (COMMON_MACROS): get rid of conflicts.
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (WARNFLAGS): make declaration conflict
+	  warnings errors if possible.
+
+Sun Dec  7 21:16:10 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* cont.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Tue Dec  7 00:27:14 2010  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lnag.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_read): fixed more for readline,
+	  and so on. [ruby-core:33511]
+
+Mon Dec  6 23:18:22 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/mkmf/base.rb (TestMkmf#setup): run quietly.
+
+	* test/mkmf/test_find_executable.rb (test_find_executable): use
+	  configured results.
+
+	* common.mk (test-build): test for build process.
+
+Mon Dec  6 22:47:15 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser#candidate): skip separators.
+
+	* sample/optparse/opttest.rb: should not override --help.
+	  [ruby-dev:42690]
+
+Mon Dec  6 19:00:48 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* misc/rb_optparse.zsh: fix typos.
+
+Mon Dec  6 18:59:04 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* NEWS: add new encodings.
+
+Mon Dec  6 18:56:42 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_string.rb (TestString#test_scan): add a test for
+	  [ruby-core:33338] #4087.
+
+Mon Dec  6 18:55:36 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* test/uri/test_common.rb (TestCommon#test_encode_www_form): add
+	  tests for r30015.
+
+Mon Dec  6 10:39:54 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI::Parser#initialize_pattern):
+	  refix for restrict the pattern.
+
+Mon Dec  6 09:45:11 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/openssl (OpenSSL): add toplevel documentation
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (SSLContext, SSLSocket: add additional
+	  documentation
+	* ext/openssl: move "let rdoc know about mOSSL" comments so they don't
+	  show up in output
+
+Mon Dec  6 09:16:46 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI::Parser#initialize_pattern):
+	  workaround fix pattern of hostname for RFC 3986. [ruby-dev:42672]
+
+Mon Dec  6 09:14:38 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (check_signedness): rename unused variable prelude.
+
+Sun Dec  5 17:56:36 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (make_metaclass): fix probable typo.  builtin type flag
+	  cannot be used with FL_TEST.
+
+Sun Dec  5 12:09:27 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/irb/init.rb (IRB.parse_opts): fix typo. [ruby-core:33574]
+
+Sun Dec  5 11:27:08 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (load_file_internal): decrement for ungotten line.
+	  [ruby-dev:42680]
+
+Sun Dec  5 10:32:11 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* complex.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sat Dec  4 11:39:17 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509ext.c (initialize): add documentation.
+
+Sat Dec  4 11:21:50 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_update_by): new API for Hash#update.
+
+Sat Dec  4 11:18:10 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* class.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sat Dec  4 11:07:57 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_inc_const_missing_count): missing prototype.
+
+Sat Dec  4 08:50:10 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/iconv/iconv.c (Init_iconv): no warnings if $VERBOSE is nil.
+
+Sat Dec  4 08:25:15 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): revert r30064 and r30071,
+	  because of [ruby-core:26761]. Bug#4106 rejected.
+
+Sat Dec  4 07:46:48 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (String#tr_cpp): substitute * with P like as
+	  autoconf.
+
+Fri Dec  3 22:36:45 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): protected methods should be
+	  checked against the real class.
+
+Fri Dec  3 20:23:31 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (convertible_int): define printf format prefix too.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (convertible_int): detect convertible integer type.
+	  port RUBY_REPLACE_INT from configure.in.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (check_sizeof): should return integer always.
+
+Fri Dec  3 12:54:48 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (RCFLAGS): VC10 and after only. fixed the problem
+	  of r30015. [ruby-core:33530]
+
+Fri Dec  3 12:41:52 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace_free): With our "lazy-sweep" GC engine, it is
+	  possible for an object to survive until its surrounding object
+	  space is about to be freed.  Those objects, if any, remains
+	  leaked for the rest of a process life.  This is problematic
+	  because for instance a T_DATA object may have its own destructor
+	  to terminate something.
+
+	* vm.c (ruby_vm_destruct): ruby_current_vm termination should be
+	  somewhere after rb_objspace_free for above reason.
+
+Fri Dec  3 12:17:19 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): protected singleton methods should
+	  be visible from same real class methods.  [ruby-core:33506]
+
+Fri Dec  3 07:08:42 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_getline): round upto next char
+	  boundary.  [ruby-dev:42674]
+
+Fri Dec  3 06:52:46 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* compile.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Fri Dec  3 04:08:59 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* encoding.c (enc_alias_internal): use st_insert2 and change return
+	  value to int.
+
+	* encoding.c (enc_alias): follow enc_alias_internal.
+
+Fri Dec  3 01:52:43 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* encoding.c (enc_alias_internal): use xfree instead of free.
+
+Thu Dec  2 23:52:26 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: entry for ruby_vm_at_exit().
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): bug fix around at_exit (1) timing was
+	  wrong. (2) execution order was opposite.
+
+Thu Dec  2 23:05:14 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (RCFLAGS): -nologo switch is only available in
+	  newer versions of rc.exe. fixed the problem of r30012.
+
+Thu Dec  2 21:28:07 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json/lib/json/add/rails.rb: removed.
+
+Thu Dec  2 21:22:05 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* encoding.c (enc_alias_internal): free the copied key and
+	  return NULL when given key is already registered.
+
+	* encoding.c (enc_alias): call set_encoding_const only when the
+	  alias is not registered yet.
+
+Thu Dec  2 19:58:24 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (ruby_vm_at_exit): new API.  This enables extension libs to
+	  hook a VM termination.  Right now, because the VM we have is
+	  process global, most extensions do not deallocate resources and
+	  leave them to Operating System's reaping userland processes.  But
+	  in a future we plan to have multiple VMs to run simultaneously in
+	  a single process (MVM project).  At that stage we can no longer
+	  rely on OSes and have to manage every resources to be reclaimed
+	  properly.  So it is.  For a forward-compatibility reason this API
+	  is introduced now, encouraging you to be as gentle as you can for
+	  your resources; that is, tidy up your room.
+
+	* include/ruby/vm.h: ditto.
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_struct): new field.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_init2): initialize above new field.
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): trigger those hooks.
+
+Thu Dec  2 17:00:44 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* bignum.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Thu Dec  2 15:31:14 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_read): more fix. [ruby-core:33513]
+
+Thu Dec  2 13:41:43 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_read): workaround for console reading troubles.
+	  fixed [ruby-core:33511]
+
+Thu Dec  2 13:10:42 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI.encode_www_form):
+	  split key-value when the value is Array like object.
+
+Thu Dec  2 10:39:39 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (Net::HTTP#set_form_data):
+	  use URI.encode_www_form for application/x-www-form-urlencoded.
+
+Thu Dec  2 10:38:40 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb: remove $makeflags.defined?, it should be $mflags.
+
+Thu Dec  2 10:19:47 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (rc): suppress meaningless message.
+
+Thu Dec  2 10:09:40 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json/generator/extconf.rb: remove the lines which set -O3
+	  when -O option is not set.
+	  Note that -O3 doesn't always exist.
+
+	* ext/json/parser/extconf.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu Dec  2 10:01:59 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb: define $makeflags.defined? like $mflags.
+
+Thu Dec  2 07:20:20 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::GCStressOption): --gc-stress
+	  option.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Mini#_run_suites): show the result
+	  even when interrupted on the way.
+
+Thu Dec  2 07:08:38 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/console.c (setattr): should retry on EINTR.
+	  [ruby-dev:42666]
+
+Thu Dec  2 02:30:50 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb: fixed positional wording to match revised order.
+
+Thu Dec  2 01:24:39 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json/lib/json/common.rb: don't use iconv on 1.9.
+	  patched by Shota Fukumori [ruby-core:33164]
+
+Thu Dec  2 01:02:03 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json: Update github/flori/json from 1.4.2+ to
+	  e22b2f2bdfe6a9b0. this fixes some bugs.
+
+Thu Dec  2 00:05:44 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb: improve rdoc.
+	  This change the order of chapter because such overview should
+	  begin with simple examples.
+	  patched by Eric Hodel [ruby-core:33469]
+
+Wed Dec  1 22:01:49 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (Init_Numeric): fixed a potential bug when using bccwin32
+	  ruby with Microsoft's dll, though we already gave up of supporting
+	  bccwin32. [ruby-core:33503]
+
+Wed Dec  1 21:43:21 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* array.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Wed Dec  1 21:41:57 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/socket/test_addrinfo.rb: extract Errno::EADDRINUSE as a method.
+
+	* test/socket/test_socket.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Dec  1 15:08:32 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb (test_not_started_session): non socket
+	  argument of SSLSocket.new is not supported on Windows.
+
+Wed Dec  1 14:36:36 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_memhash): zero-filled strings should return
+	  different values.  [ruby-core:33500]
+
+Wed Dec  1 14:27:49 2010  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
+
+	* lib/minitest/*.rb: Imported minitest 2.0.0 r5952.
+	* test/minitest/*.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: Compatibility fix for minitest changes.
+
+Wed Dec  1 10:16:41 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_inspect): fix typo (not 0xFD but 0xFE).
+
+Wed Dec  1 09:28:27 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c: Follow .gnu_debuglink section.
+	  A user of distribution provided ruby will see line
+	  info if s/he has a debug package for ruby.
+	  patched by Shinichiro Hamaji [ruby-dev:42655]
+
+Wed Dec  1 01:29:15 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_inspect): inspect as a dummy encoding string
+	  when a UTF-16/32 (not BE/LE) string does not have a BOM.
+	  Unicode and some RFCs say that a string labeled as UTF-16/32
+	  doesn't have a BOM, it should be considered big endian.
+	  But many Windows programs generates little endian UTF-16
+	  strings without a BOM. So String#inspect treats a string
+	  labeled UTF-16/32 without a BOM as a dummy encoding string.
+	  patched by Martin Duerst. [ruby-core:33461]
+
+Tue Nov 30 17:04:10 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (parse_debug_line_cu): ignore DW_LNE_set_discriminator.
+	  To ignore, it needs to read a single unsigned LEB128 integer.
+
+Tue Nov 30 16:29:19 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c: undef HAVE_BACKTRACE when the OS is FreeBSD (in other
+	  words backtrace() is libexecinfo) and it is optimized.
+	  This temporary hack may be also applied to other libexecinfo
+	  environments.
+
+Tue Nov 30 16:23:23 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb: improve rdoc.
+	  patched by Eric Hodel ref #4100
+
+Tue Nov 30 12:23:52 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_read): read only 1 byte at once on console.
+	  workaround of Windows bug. see [ruby-core:33460].
+	  this is not the final solution.
+
+Tue Nov 30 11:39:13 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb: improve rdoc.
+	  patched by mathew murphy [ruby-core:33472] ref #4100
+
+Tue Nov 30 05:03:44 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb (encode_www_form, encode_www_form_component):
+	  Improve English in documentation.
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ssl_version=, ciphers=): Document
+	  #ssl_version=, add documentation for #ciphers=.
+
+Mon Nov 29 22:55:24 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI::WFKV_): get rid of backtrack explosion
+	  by nested repeat operators.  [ruby-core:33464]
+
+Mon Nov 29 22:53:13 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (scriptbin.mk): fix generated rules.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_write_console): fix argument type.
+
+Mon Nov 29 21:12:51 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-forward-sexp): stop after literal hash
+	  key labels.
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-font-lock-keywords): highlight literal
+	  hash key labels as symbols.
+
+Mon Nov 29 18:31:31 2010  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_transcode.rb (test_unicode_public_review_issue_121):
+	  - Removed commented-out options that are no longer under discussion.
+	  - Added two more tests for forthcomming clarifications.
+
+Mon Nov 29 14:31:17 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_isatty): use GetConsoleMode() to determine the
+	  fd is console or not, just like rb_w32_write_console(). [experimental]
+
+Mon Nov 29 14:19:40 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/win32.h (rb_w32_write_console): wrong prototype.
+
+Mon Nov 29 14:10:55 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_write_console): fixed indentation.
+
+Sun Nov 28 22:13:39 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (NATIVE_MUTEX_LOCK_DEBUG): move and use it.
+
+	* ChangeLog: fix my timezone.
+
+Mon Nov 28 21:58:58 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c: remove pthread_atfork().
+
+Mon Nov 28 21:54:22 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_cond_*): Check return code.
+	  (Some OSes except Linux return error code).
+
+Sun Nov 28 21:46:21 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (thread_start_func_1): initialize native thread
+	  data immediately before starting.
+
+Sun Nov 28 14:56:32 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (struct argf): make lineno long, and reorder members.
+
+Sun Nov 28 14:55:42 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_win32.c (gvl_release, gvl_init): suppress warnings.
+
+Sun Nov 28 14:48:24 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (gvl_release, gvl_init): suppress warnings.
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_gvl_destroy): add prototype.
+
+Sun Nov 28 14:46:24 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (gvl_reinit): register atfork handler only in
+	  the parent process, to get rid of dead lock.
+
+Sun Nov 28 12:23:57 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread.c, vm_core.h: make gvl_acquire/release/init/destruct
+	  APIs to modularize GVL implementation.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c, thread_pthread.h: Two GVL implementations.
+	  (1) Simple locking GVL which is same as existing GVL.
+	  (2) Wake-up queued threads.  The wake-up order is simple FIFO.
+	     (We can make several queues to support exact priorities, however
+	      this causes some issues such as priority inversion and so on.)
+	      This impl. prevents spin-loop (*1) caused on SMP environments.
+	  *1: Only one Ruby thread acquires GVL again and again.
+	      Bug #2359 [ruby-core:26694]
+
+	* thread_win32.c, thread_win32.h: Using simple lock
+	  not by CRITICAL_SECTION but by Mutex.
+	  Bug #3890 [ruby-dev:42315]
+
+	* vm.c (ruby_vm_destruct): ditto.
+
+Sun Nov 28 04:40:00 2010  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (io_fwrite): use rb_w32_write_console under Windows.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_write_console): added to write to write
+	  Unicode using WriteConsoleW for stdout/stderr. [ruby-core:33166]
+
+Sun Nov 28 03:58:47 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb: improve rdoc.
+	  patched by Mike Perham [ruby-core:33433]
+
+Sat Nov 27 19:12:10 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* time.c: parenthesize macro arguments.
+
+Sat Nov 27 18:08:18 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* time.c (leap_year_v_p): fixed typo.  [ruby-dev:42631]
+
+Sat Nov 27 17:57:08 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS): use the same DNS server when retry using
+	  TCP.  reported by Julian Mehnle.  [ruby-core:32970]
+
+Sat Nov 27 15:45:27 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): see CrashReport log on Mac OS X.
+
+	* configure.in: link addr2line only for ELF.
+
+Sat Nov 27 13:58:55 2010  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser#candidate): : was missing.  Thanks,
+	  Shota Fukumori.  [ruby-dev:42634]
+
+Sat Nov 27 12:07:05 2010  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* man/ruby.1: Ruby man page from Arthur Gunn in [ruby-core:33412]
+
+Sat Nov 27 11:29:24 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser#candidate): get rid of 1.9 syntax
+	  so that BASERUBY can be 1.8.
+
+Sat Nov 27 08:16:21 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines): should close fd on
+	  edge case.
+
+Fri Nov 26 13:33:24 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c: apply a patch from shinichiro.h.
+
+Fri Nov 26 12:21:20 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c: added to show source filename and line number of
+	  functions in backtrace. [ruby-dev:42625]
+	  a patch from shinichiro.h <shinichiro.hamaji AT gmail.com>
+
+	* addr2line.h: ditto.
+
+	* common.mk: add addr2line.$(OBJEXT).
+
+	* configure.in: check dl_iterate_phdr.
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): use rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines in
+	  addr2line.c when the binary is ELF.
+
+Fri Nov 26 12:12:50 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regcomp.c (setup_tree): restart setup_tree() for a node whose
+	  AnchorNode's type is ANCHOR_PREC_BEHIND or ANCHOR_PREC_BEHIND_NOT
+	  and divide_look_behind_alternatives() divided it to NT_ALT or
+	  NT_LIST. [ruby-core:33370]
+
+Fri Nov 26 11:40:11 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (dump_thread): get only required rights of the target
+	  thread because THREAD_ALL_ACCESS causes an access error on XP.
+	  reported by Masaya TARUI via IRC.
+
+Fri Nov 26 11:09:07 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (dump_thread): show the displacement from the beginning
+	  of the symbol.
+
+Fri Nov 26 10:48:23 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (dump_thread): follow the output of glibc.
+	  see [ruby-dev:42627]
+
+Fri Nov 26 09:48:45 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_initialize_str): should succeed the taint status from
+	  the origin. [ruby-core:33338]
+
+Fri Nov 26 09:32:37 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (dump_thread): seems to be necessary the 3rd argument of
+	  SymGetLineFromAddr64(), even though MSDN says it can be zero.
+
+Fri Nov 26 09:03:38 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regcomp.c (onig_is_prelude): added to check whether ruby is still
+	  in prelude (or other boot processes) or not.
+
+	* regcomp.c (optimize_node_left): use onig_is_prelude for printing.
+
+	* regcomp.c (set_optimize_info_from_tree): ditto.
+
+	* regcomp.c (onig_compile): ditto.
+
+	* regcomp.c (print_compiled_byte_code_list): print its address.
+
+	* regcomp.c (print_indent_tree): print its contents tree of
+	    ANCHOR_PREC_READ(_NOT) and ANCHOR_PREC_BEHIND(_NOT).
+
+Thu Nov 25 23:10:49 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regcomp.c (print_distance_range): use PRIuSIZE.
+
+	* regcomp.c (print_optimize_info): use %ld because the type of
+	  calculated value of integers is long.
+
+	* regexec.c (onig_print_compiled_byte_code): add prototype.
+
+	* regexec.c (match_at): add 2nd argument.
+
+Thu Nov 25 10:29:55 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/dl/callback/mkcallback.rb (gencallback): shouldn't assume that
+	  VALUE is the same size with long.
+
+Thu Nov 25 10:03:14 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_err_in_callback.rb (teardown): remove tmp file
+	  only when it exists.
+
+Thu Nov 25 01:38:25 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/trans/big5-hkscs-tbl.rb: Update table as HKSCS-2008.
+	  patched by oCameLo oTnTh [ruby-core:33256]
+
+	* enc/big5.c: add alias Big5-HKSCS:2008 to Big5-HKSCS.
+
+Wed Nov 24 15:18:07 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vsnprintf (BSD_vfprintf): use QUADINT macro only when _HAVE_SANE_QUAD_
+	  macro is defined.
+
+Wed Nov 24 12:47:16 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vsnprintf (BSD_vfprintf): added VC++ compatible size specifications
+	  (I, I32, I64).
+
+Wed Nov 24 11:19:13 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_inspect): treat UTF-16 and UTF-32 as BE or LE.
+
+Wed Nov 24 06:35:32 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/trans/utf_16_32.trans: add the UTF-32 converter.
+
+Wed Nov 24 05:40:33 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+Wed Nov 24 06:13:32 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (filecp, wstr_to_mbstr, mbstr_to_wstr):
+	  refactored.
+
+Wed Nov 24 05:40:33 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/trans/utf_16_32.trans: add a converter from UTF-8 to UTF-16.
+
+Wed Nov 24 03:21:35 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/trans/utf_16_32.trans: raise error on unpaired upper
+	  surrogates.
+
+Wed Nov 24 01:40:23 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/utf_16_32.h: add UTF-16 and UTF-32 as a dummy encoding.
+
+	* enc/trans/utf_16_32.trans: add a converter from UTF-16 to UTF-8.
+
+Tue Nov 23 21:59:47 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (wlink, rb_w32_getppid): use typedef instead of
+	  repeating complicated function prototypes.
+
+Tue Nov 23 18:54:03 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_thread_mark): should mark self in control
+	  frames.  [ruby-core:33289]
+
+Tue Nov 23 07:57:31 2010  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* lib/date/delta/parser.{ry,rb}: fixed a bug of token scanner.
+
+Tue Nov 23 07:29:24 2010  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* complex.c, rational.c ({nucomp,nurat}_expt): added a check.
+
+Tue Nov 23 07:27:27 2010  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* lib/date.rb (daynum): should be private.
+
+Tue Nov 23 07:22:54 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ChangeLog (change-log-indent-text): hanging indent.
+
+Tue Nov 23 06:30:51 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (SITE_DIR, VENDOR_DIR),
+	  version.c (ruby_initial_load_paths): exclude directories that
+	  are configured without them from $LOAD_PATH. [ruby-core:33267]
+
+	* configure.in (rubylibprefix): No ruby, No libprefix.
+
+Tue Nov 23 01:05:27 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): don't output floating point
+	  when the precision is 0. [ruby-dev:42615]
+
+Mon Nov 22 21:30:57 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_inspect): fix for ascii-compatible external
+	  encoding and different encoding string.  [ruby-core:33283]
+
+Mon Nov 22 18:45:44 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): should not duplicate rules.
+	  bug fix of r29842.
+
+Mon Nov 22 18:04:40 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/big5.c: split CP950 from Big5.
+
+	* enc/big5.c: split CP951 from Big5-HKSCS.
+
+	* enc/trans/big5.trans: import conversion table of Big5, Big5-HKSCS,
+	  CP950, and CP951 from ICU. they need fallback conversions.
+	  ref [ruby-core:33256]
+	  http://source.icu-project.org/repos/icu/data/trunk/charset/data/ucm/
+
+	* tool/transcode-tblgen.rb (import_ucm): add to import ucm files.
+
+Mon Nov 22 18:33:30 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_inspect): append for each chars instead of bulk
+	  copy if encoding conversion is needed.  [ruby-core:33283]
+
+Mon Nov 22 14:22:45 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* time.c (time_zone): use rb_locale_str_new_cstr to set encoding
+	  as locale and convert its content to internal encoding.
+	  [ruby-core:33278]
+
+Mon Nov 22 11:58:11 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_concat): set ENC_CODERANGE_VALID when the
+	  receiver is 7BIT and the argument is non ASCII.
+
+Mon Nov 22 01:48:58 2010  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* lib/date.rb: some improvements for performance.
+
+Sat Nov 20 07:45:50 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb: adding compilation support for ObjC/ObjC++ extensions.
+	  Thanks Scott Gonyea! [ruby-core:33260]
+
+Sat Nov 20 01:57:55 2010  Akio Tajima  <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
+
+	* common.mk: add dependency(insns.inc) to compile.obj
+
+Fri Nov 19 23:05:48 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (insns_rules.mk): remove extra backslash.
+
+	* cygwin/GNUmakefile.in, win32/Makefile.sub (clean): rc files are
+	  made at compile time, so should be removed by clean.
+
+Fri Nov 19 22:09:46 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_core.rb
+	  (Tester#test_pretty_format_long_text_finite): skip a test that
+	  uses long string on small memory system. [ruby-dev:42599]
+
+Fri Nov 19 21:07:06 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb: shell completion support for zsh.  based on
+	  <http://d.hatena.ne.jp/rubikitch/20071002/zshcomplete>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb: shell completion support for bash.
+
+Fri Nov 19 00:00:00 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cygwin/GNUmakefile.in (SCRIPTPROGRAMS): no needs on cygwin.
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (scriptbin): create script binaries.
+
+Thu Nov 18 23:21:23 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/formatters/pretty.rb (REXML::Formatters::Pretty#wrap):
+	  REXML::Formatters::Pretty#wrap used a recursive method call to
+	  format text.  This switches it to use an iterative approach.
+	  [ruby-core:33245]
+	  Patch by Jeremy Evans. Thanks!!!
+
+	* test/rexml/test_core.rb: add a test for it.
+
+Thu Nov 18 22:58:43 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/io.h (rb_io_buffer_t): extract from rb_io_t.
+
+Thu Nov 18 07:37:44 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (reconfig): force reconfigure with previous options.
+
+	* common.mk (showconfig): show configure flags, like as
+	  `config.status --config' generated by recent autoconf.
+
+Thu Nov 18 07:16:49 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* missing/langinfo.c (strncasecmp): get rid of redefinition.
+
+Thu Nov 18 00:02:17 2010  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb: Upgrading output encoding with ASCII content
+	  as needed.  [ruby-core:33229]
+
+Wed Nov 17 23:19:21 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/configure.bat: remove quotes from arguments to be quoted.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): use forward slashes in messages.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): make extension libraries messages
+	  brief.
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (MAKEDIRS): should not include silent flag.
+
+	* common.mk (ext/ripper/ripper.c, ext/json/parser/parser.c): pass
+	  Q and ECHO.  [ruby-core:33226]
+
+Wed Nov 17 16:09:52 2010  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* test/test_tracer.rb: new test case.
+	  minimal regression test for r29280.
+
+Wed Nov 17 16:04:23 2010  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (Test::Unit::Assersions#assert_warn):
+	  new assertion to assert that a particular warning message is
+	  displayed.
+	  forward port from branches/ruby_1_9_2@29795.
+
+Wed Nov 17 15:16:48 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regint.h (OnigOpInfoType): constify name.
+
+	* regcomp.c (op2name): constify return value.
+
+	* regcomp.c (onig_print_compiled_byte_code): use PRIuPTR and
+	  uintptr_t to clean warnings.
+
+	* regcomp.c (print_indent_tree): use PRIxPTR and intptr_t.
+
+	* regexec.c (match_at): use PRIdPTR and intptr_t.
+
+Wed Nov 17 09:49:10 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/shift_jis.c (property_name_to_ctype): fix memory leak.
+
+	* enc/euc_jp.c (property_name_to_ctype): ditto.
+
+Wed Nov 17 08:54:04 2010  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb: Upgrading output encoding as needed.  [ruby-core:33135]
+
+Tue Nov 16 22:30:39 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_throw): remove fear of undefined behavior :-)
+	  Coverity Scan found this bug.
+
+Tue Nov 16 09:33:00 2010  Kenta Murata <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/util.rb (to_digits): avoid unused
+	  variables warning, reported by Aaron Patterson.
+
+Tue Nov 16 06:39:31 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* pack.c (PACK_ITEM_ADJUST): return nil not result array and yield
+	  values if block is given.  [ruby-core:33193]
+
+Tue Nov 16 00:21:20 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* regparse.c (and_cclass, or_cclass): fix memory leak.  Coverity Scan
+	  found this bug.  [ruby-dev:42579]
+
+Tue Nov 16 00:07:32 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* gc.c (assign_heap_slot): fix fear of memory leak and memory
+	  violation.  Coverity Scan found this bug.
+
+Mon Nov 15 23:54:45 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* eval_intern.h (CHECK_STACK_OVERFLOW): it was not intended to add
+	  size_t to a pointer typed VALUE*.  Coverity Scan found this defect.
+
+Mon Nov 15 23:41:21 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_set_exception_local_table, iseq_set_local_table,
+	  rb_iseq_build_from_ary): fix type inconsistency (which is benign
+	  because sizeof(ID) == sizeof(ID*), though).  Coverity Scan found
+	  these bugs.
+
+Mon Nov 15 22:47:27 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_funcall): ensure va_end after va_init_list.  Coverity
+	  Scan found this bug.
+
+Mon Nov 15 08:36:12 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* lib/racc/parser.rb (do_parse, yyparse): using class eval to define
+	  method and avoid __send__.
+
+Mon Nov 15 06:43:48 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* etc/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_ssl_get_cert): raise exception if
+	  pointer is invalid.  Thanks Ippei Obayashi! [ruby-dev:42573]
+
+Sun Nov 14 17:57:45 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/Makefile.in (distclean): should not remove sources which are
+	  distributed in tarball.
+
+Sun Nov 14 16:48:56 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_set_token_info): turn on/off with directives.
+	  [ruby-core:25442]
+
+Sun Nov 14 12:05:24 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (argf_readlines): forward to current_file for arguments
+	  check.  http://twitter.com/nagachika/status/3634254856589312
+
+Sun Nov 14 08:48:06 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/setup.mak (-basic-vars-, -runtime-): suppress trailing
+	  space and compiler command line.
+
+Sun Nov 14 04:22:32 2010  Alexander Zavorine  <alexandre.zavorine@nokia.com>
+
+	* symbian/setup (config.h): Added HAVE_LABS and HAVE_LLABS to config.h.
+
+	* symbian/configure.bat: Changed packaging version in line with API
+	  style 3 versioning.
+
+Sat Nov 13 16:37:56 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (showflags, help): emit messages at once.
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (MSG, EOM): remove surrounding quotes by %~I.
+
+Sat Nov 13 01:31:30 2010  Akio Tajima <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub: reorder variable End Of Message (don't display it)
+
+Fri Nov 12 20:52:34 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (showflags, help): use caret to quote leading spaces on
+	  Windows.
+
+	* Makefile.in, common.mk, cygwin/GNUmakefile.in, enc/depend,
+	  ext/ripper/depend, lib/mkmf.rb, win32/Makefile.sub: caddle up.
+
+Fri Nov 12 16:35:31 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: support C level backtrace information on FreeBSD.
+	  When devel/libexecinfo is installed on FreeBSD, now ruby
+	  can show C level backtrace information.
+	  http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/ports/devel/libexecinfo/
+
+Fri Nov 12 09:58:30 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/setup.mak: use findstr.exe instead of find.exe, because all
+	  target build platforms should have findstr.exe, and, find.exe often
+	  means another command such as cygwin's.
+
+Fri Nov 12 00:30:19 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (config.h): need PRI_LL_PREFIX.
+
+Thu Nov 11 23:38:32 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: ANSI C-conforming const and volatile are mandatory
+
+	* configure.in (AC_C_CONST, AC_C_INLINE, AC_C_VOLATILE): check
+	  before used in other checks.
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX): should not break from
+	  RUBY_WERROR_FLAG, so that ac_c_werror_flag gets restored.
+
+Thu Nov 11 23:04:44 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/iconv/iconv.c (warn_deprecated): show caller position.
+
+Thu Nov 11 23:03:12 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (argf_close): untie tied io before closing.
+
+	* io.c (argf_write): add ARGF.write and so on.
+
+	* io.c (argf_read_nonblock): add ARGF.read_nonblock.
+
+Thu Nov 11 21:49:06 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/stats.rb (RDoc#print): get rid of NaN.
+
+Thu Nov 11 21:47:12 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (SHOWFLAGS): show compile flags.
+
+	* common.mk: hide long command lines by default.  verbose-mode is
+	  turned on by V=1 as before.
+	  http://jarp.does.notwork.org/diary/200605b.html#200605121
+
+Thu Nov 11 21:32:09 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (try_func): accept variable address.
+
+	* ext/win32ole/extconf.rb: libuuid is needed on cygwin.
+
+Thu Nov 11 21:24:36 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (file_expand_path): use cygwin_conv_path on cygwin 1.7 or
+	  later.
+
+	* ruby.c (push_include_cygwin): ditto.
+
+Thu Nov 11 20:49:48 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (PRI_LL_PREFIX): format type specifier for
+	  LONG_LONG may vary on platforms.
+
+Thu Nov 11 20:45:23 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (SYMBOL_PREFIX): separate from EXPORT_PREFIX.
+
+	* win32/mkexports.rb (Exports#each_export): use SYMBOL_PREFIX.
+
+Wed Nov 10 07:20:10 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cygwin/GNUmakefile.in (scriptbin): make executable file from
+	  scripts with stub.
+
+	* ruby.c (load_file_internal): assume xflag for exe file as well
+	  as no-shebang file.
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb: install script programs.
+
+	* win32/mkexports.rb (Exports#initialize): alias ruby_sysinit for
+	  stub.
+
+	* win32/stub.c: stub for scripts.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
+
+Tue Nov  9 21:57:45 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dln.c (init_funcname): allocate and build initialization
+	  funciton name at once.
+
+Tue Nov  9 21:14:54 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (AC_FUNC_GETPGRP, AC_FUNC_SETPGRP): no need when
+	  not used.
+
+	* configure.in (EXPORT_PREFIX): check generic prefix.
+
+Tue Nov  9 13:24:33 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regenc.c (onigenc_minimum_property_name_to_ctype):
+	  \p{...} should be case insensitive. [ruby-core:33000]
+
+	* regenc.c (onigenc_property_list_add_property):
+	  ditto.
+
+	* enc/euc_jp.c (init_property_list, property_name_to_ctype):
+	  to lowercase property names.
+
+	* enc/shift_jis.c (init_property_list, property_name_to_ctype):
+	  ditto.
+
+Tue Nov  9 13:29:36 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (overlapped_socket_io): get rid of a warning of 64bit
+	  mingw.
+
+Tue Nov  9 10:44:19 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* util.c (ruby_strtod): this code uses FPU's rounding system.
+	  But x86's FPU calculates double precision floating-point
+	  numbers in 80bit precision, so it fails to round the value.
+	  So ensure the value is assigned a variable. [ruby-dev:42551]
+	  see also [ruby-math:00802]
+	  http://www.shudo.net/java-grandprix99/strictfp/
+
+Tue Nov  9 07:30:15 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (rb_syserr_new): new function to make SystemCallError
+	  instance without errno.  [EXPERIMENTAL]
+
+	* error.c (rb_syserr_fail, rb_mod_syserr_fail): ditto.
+
+Tue Nov  9 05:54:57 2010  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/*.rb: Remove unused variable warnings.
+	  Patch by Run Paint [ruby-core:30991]
+
+	* lib/rubygems/*, lib/rdoc/*.rb, lib/rake/*.rb: ditto
+
+Mon Nov  8 18:26:03 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* util.c (ruby_hdtoa): fix type cast and bufsize.
+
+Mon Nov  8 15:40:56 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): fix precision specifier doesn't
+	  work well on %f. [ruby-dev:42552]
+
+Mon Nov  8 14:41:40 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (get_wsa_extension_function): typos.
+
+Mon Nov  8 13:41:33 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/enc-unicode.rb,
+	  enc/unicode/name2ctype.h, enc/unicode/name2ctype.h.blt,
+	  enc/unicode/name2ctype.kwd, enc/unicode/name2ctype.src:
+	  Add Age property to regexp. [ruby-core:33019]
+	  patched by Ammar Ali, tested by Run Paint Run Run
+
+Mon Nov  8 12:16:39 2010  Ben Walton  <bwalton@artsci.utoronto.ca>
+
+	* configure.in: support -h for solaris linker when gcc not used
+
+Mon Nov  8 11:47:39 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (finish_overlapped_socket): refactoring.
+
+Mon Nov  8 11:02:21 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (get_proc_address): refactoring.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (get_wsa_exetinsion_function): refactoring.
+
+Mon Nov  8 09:45:35 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/trans/gbk-tbl.rb: Add euro sign. [ruby-core:33094]
+	  CP936, which is de facto definition of GBK, has it.
+	  http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/cc305153.aspx
+
+Mon Nov  8 07:26:20 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: check only the first symbol to get rid of
+	  duplication.  [ruby-core:33084] #4031
+
+Sun Nov  7 10:13:30 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (NM): check on all platforms.  #4031
+
+Sun Nov  7 06:16:33 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ocsp.rb: adding test for r29699.  Thanks Elise
+	  Huard! [ruby-core:32460]
+
+Sat Nov  6 07:33:08 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (rb_cv_export_prefix): check for prefixed
+	  underscore of exported symbols
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb (bin-comm): prepend prolog shell script if
+	  necessary.
+
+	* configure.in (LIBRUBY_RELATIVE): use rpath token expansion.
+
+Sat Nov  6 07:24:01 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* template/ruby.pc.in (arch, sitearch): reordered.
+
+	* configure.in: keep failed file.
+
+Sat Nov  6 07:03:49 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (rb_fork_err): save errinfo before fdopen.
+
+Sat Nov  6 00:43:58 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c (ossl_ocspcid_initialize): an optional
+	  parameter may be used to specify the OpenSSL::OCSP::CertificateId on
+	  initialization.  Thanks Elise Huard! [ruby-core:32460]
+
+Fri Nov  5 12:23:01 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_{process,system}.rb (test_fallback_to_sh):
+	  meaningless and wrong tests where /bin/sh does not exist.
+
+	* process.c (proc_spawn_v): should spawn, not exec.
+
+Fri Nov  5 01:21:31 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (proc_exec_v, proc_spawn_v): try to execute with sh if
+	  no shebang.  [ruby-core:32745] [EXPERIMENTAL]
+
+Fri Nov  5 00:39:00 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_readlines, rb_io_each_line): limit must not be zero.
+	  a patch from Tomoyuki Chikanaga at [ruby-dev:42538].  #4024
+
+Fri Nov  5 00:14:15 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/extconf.rb: fixing ffi library location on windows.
+	  Thanks Usa! [ruby-core:32930]
+
+Thu Nov  4 20:04:44 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_newobj): force garbage_collect() if GC.stress == true.
+
+Thu Nov  4 19:48:22 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ChangeLog: missed to write a last ChangeLog.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_finalize_deferred): removed.
+
+	* gc.c (rb_gc_finalize_deferred): Do not invoke a free_unused_heaps().
+
+Thu Nov  4 19:45:27 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (run_final): do not need argument obj.
+
+Thu Nov  4 19:26:10 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (before_gc_sweep): fix commit miss.
+
+Thu Nov  4 19:20:46 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (after_gc_sweep, before_gc_sweep):
+	  invoke rb_sweep_method_entry() as soon as possible.
+
+Thu Nov  4 19:13:58 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (after_gc_sweep, slot_sweep): finalizers should be invoked
+	  as soon as possible.
+
+Thu Nov  4 10:30:40 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (--with-valgrind): Now this option is default on.
+	  You can still explicitly disable this feature by specifying
+	  --without-valgrind.
+
+Thu Nov  4 02:06:16 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* cont.c (fiber_t_alloc): raise an error when fiber is going to be
+	  initialized twice.  [ruby-dev:42524]
+
+Thu Nov  4 02:04:25 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* cont.c (rb_fiber_resume): raise an "double resume" error when root
+	  fiber is going to be resumed.  [ruby-dev:42523]
+
+Wed Nov  3 14:17:18 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/ostruct.rb (OpenStruct#delete_field): also undefine
+	  accessor methods.  [ruby-core:33010]
+
+Wed Nov  3 14:13:46 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_enc_cr_str_buf_cat): concatenation of valid
+	  encoding string and invalid encoding string should result
+	  invalid encoding.  [ruby-core:33027]
+
+Wed Nov  3 08:58:59 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c, vm.c, vm_core.h: remove USE_VALUE_CACHE option.
+
+Wed Nov  3 07:47:25 2010  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/irb/ruby-lex.rb (RubyLex#identify_string): parse multiple
+	  regex options.  a patch from Heesob Park in [ruby-core:32988].
+
+Wed Nov  3 07:33:57 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_clear_cache_by_class): just return if the class has
+	  no method.  reported by Eric Wong.  [ruby-core:32689]
+
+Tue Nov  2 22:50:25 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/visitor.rb (initialize): push accessor
+	  methods to subclass that actually uses them.
+
+Tue Nov  2 22:47:08 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/visitor.rb (accept): switch to
+	  a dispatch cache rather than case / when statement.
+
+Tue Nov  2 21:46:52 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* NEWS: fix a typo.
+
+Tue Nov  2 20:10:32 2010  Tajima Akio <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
+
+	* test/rake/test_tasks.rb: clear env var which is used by the test.
+	  [ruby-dev:42508]
+
+Tue Nov  2 00:25:54 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: win64 is just same with win32 about socket.
+	  notice: but wince is not same.
+
+Mon Nov  1 21:25:57 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* main.c: <stdlib.h> is needed, to introduce the getenv(3)
+	  prototype declaration.  Without it a C compiler shall infer
+	  the getenv type as "int getenv(...);", but this is totally
+	  wrong, especially when your machine's sizeof(int) and
+	  sizeof(char*) differs.  On such environment a return value
+	  of getenv(3), which is in fact a char*, might first casted
+	  into a int (loses data here), and then casted back to char*
+	  by automatic integral promotion to fit to the prototype of
+	  ruby_set_debug_option().
+
+Sun Oct 31 23:27:09 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (finalizer_table, objspace->final.table):
+	  Create finalizer_table at Init_heap().
+	  Remove all null checks of finalizer_table.
+
+	* gc.c (mark_tbl): skip if no table entries.
+
+	* gc.c (slot_swee): remove useless need_call_final check.
+
+Sun Oct 31 22:32:08 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace_free): finalizers should be called separately
+	  from freeing objspace.  [ruby-dev:42479]
+
+Sun Oct 31 22:24:14 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): free current VM and its objspace even
+	  when exiting by SystemExit.
+
+Sun Oct 31 22:10:56 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (new_child_iseq): adjust argument types.
+
+	* iseq.c (prepare_iseq_build, rb_iseq_new),
+	  (rb_iseq_new_with_bopt_and_opt, rb_iseq_new_with_opt),
+	  (rb_iseq_new_with_bopt): ditto.
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_set_exception_table): suppress warnings.
+
+	* insns.def (putspecialobject, defined): ditto.
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_load): ditto.
+
+Sun Oct 31 09:30:51 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: some refactoring.
+	  - move decl. of rb_compile_option_struct to iseq.h.
+	  - define enum iseq_type.
+	  - define enum vm_special_object_type.
+
+	* compile.c: some refactoring.
+	  - apply above changes.
+	  - (struct iseq_link_element): change value of type.
+	  - remove unused decl.
+	  - fix comment.
+	  - rename iseq_build_body and iseq_build_exception to
+	    iseq_build_from_ary_body and iseq_build_from_ary_exception.
+
+	* iseq.h: define enum catch_type and enum defined_type.
+
+	* insns.def: apply above changes.
+
+	* iseq.c: define ISEQ_MAJOR_VERSION and ISEQ_MINOR_VERSION.
+
+Sat Oct 30 23:38:59 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/encoding.rb: untabify.
+
+Sat Oct 30 21:06:37 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/encoding.rb: use Ruby native encoding mechanism.
+	  [ruby-dev:42464]
+	* lib/rexml/encodings/: remove.
+
+	* lib/rexml/document.rb, lib/rexml/formatters/default.rb,
+	  lib/rexml/output.rb, lib/rexml/parseexception.rb,
+	  lib/rexml/parsers/baseparser.rb, lib/rexml/source.rb,
+	  lib/rexml/xmldecl.rb: use Ruby's native Encoding object.
+
+	* test/rexml/, test/rss/: follow the above encoding changes.
+
+	* NEWS: add REXML's incompatible change about encoding.
+
+Sat Oct 30 17:23:19 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* util.c (ruby_strtod): get rid of overflow/underflow as possible.
+
+Sat Oct 30 14:37:39 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (ruby_pc): erase runtime-defined variables and
+	  check if generated pc file is valid.
+
+	* template/ruby.pc.in (DEFFILE): need for mingw.
+
+	* template/ruby.pc.in (LIBRUBY): fix the order.
+
+Sat Oct 30 11:33:54 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (ruby_pc): ignore missing variables.
+
+	* template/ruby.pc.in: add missing variables for mswin.
+
+Sat Oct 30 10:24:35 2010  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* object.c: Make BasicObject.new accept no parameter.
+	  Revert of r26135 [ruby-core:27080], as per [ruby-core:32952].
+
+Sat Oct 30 09:40:54 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enum.c: use constants in id.h.
+
+Sat Oct 30 09:08:27 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/closure.c (fiddle_closure): embed cif not reference
+	  so that the content surely get initialized.  [ruby-dev:42480]
+
+Sat Oct 30 07:01:53 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv-replace.rb: suppress warning.
+
+	* lib/open-uri.rb: ditto.
+
+Sat Oct 30 06:32:52 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/pathname/test_pathname.rb (TestPathname#test_grpowned?): the
+	  group of the created file is inherited from the parent
+	  directory on BSDs and MacOS X.  Linux also inherit the group if
+	  the setgid bit of the directory is set.  It causes the test fail.
+	  fixed by Shota Fukumori.  [ruby-dev:42458]
+
+Sat Oct 30 05:58:54 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/resolv.rb: retry via TCP if UDP reply is truncated.
+	  fixed by Julian Mehnle.  [ruby-core:32407]
+
+Sat Oct 30 00:35:13 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_s_compile): fix optional argument.
+	  a patch from Yutaka HARA [ruby-core:32953] [Ruby 1.9-Bug#4001]
+
+Sat Oct 30 00:24:42 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (memsize_of): take care of
+	  T_CLASS/const_tbl.
+	  a patch from nagachika <nagachika00@gmail.com> [ruby-dev:42490]
+
+Fri Oct 29 23:32:36 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/profile_test_all.rb: added.
+	  You can use test-all profiler with the following command:
+	    RUBY_TEST_ALL_PROFILE=true make test-all
+	  This command generates ./test_all_profile and you can analyze
+	  which tests consume memories.
+
+	* test/runner.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Oct 29 10:02:03 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/enc-unicode.rb,
+	  enc/unicode/name2ctype.h, enc/unicode/name2ctype.h.blt,
+	  enc/unicode/name2ctype.kwd, enc/unicode/name2ctype.src:
+	  Add 'Unknown' Script.
+	  patched by Run Paint Run Run. [ruby-core:32937] #3998
+
+Fri Oct 29 05:13:34 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (ObjectSpace.memsize_of_all): rename
+	  ObjectSpace.total_memsize_of_all_objects() to
+	  ObjectSpace.memsize_of_all([klass]).
+	  Accept Class object to filter the objects.
+
+	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb: fix test for above change.
+
+Fri Oct 29 03:04:16 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_dump): fix expected length. [ruby-core:32935]
+
+Thu Oct 28 23:31:39 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (before_gc_sweep, run_final): fix decrement timing of final_num.
+
+Thu Oct 28 20:11:30 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/enc-unicode.rb,
+	  enc/unicode/name2ctype.h, enc/unicode/name2ctype.h.blt,
+	  enc/unicode/name2ctype.kwd, enc/unicode/name2ctype.src:
+	  Update Oniguruma for Unicode 6.
+	  patched by Run Paint Run Run. [ruby-core:32923] #3989
+
+Thu Oct 28 20:06:25 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/oniguruma.h (ONIGENC_CTYPE_SPECIAL_MASK):
+	  change mask from 128 to 256. [ruby-core:32931]
+
+Thu Oct 28 12:06:54 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httprequest.rb (read_request_line): extend max
+	  length to 2083. This is from Internet Explorer's max uri
+	  length. http://support.microsoft.com/kb/208427 [ruby-core:32924]
+
+Thu Oct 28 04:00:08 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (GC.stat): added.  [ruby-dev:38607]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb: add a test for above.
+
+Thu Oct 28 03:13:06 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (memsize_of): fix rdoc.
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (total_memsize_of_all_objects): added.
+
+	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb:
+	  - add a test for ObjectSpace.total_memsize_of_all_objects.
+	  - add two tests for ObjectSpace.memsize_of (for nil and Fixnum).
+
+Wed Oct 27 23:55:27 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/iconv/iconv.c (Init_iconv): warn deprecated use.
+
+Wed Oct 27 18:50:17 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big2long, rb_big2ulong): rb2ulong() returns VALUE, but
+	  its real range is ulong. So, if the size of VALUE is bigger than
+	  ulong, upper bits are always zero even if the actual value is
+	  negative.
+	  fixed #3490
+
+Wed Oct 27 18:27:17 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#pipe): should close write end of pipe
+	  before closing read end, to get rid of timing problem.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb (TestIO_M17N#pipe): ditto.
+
+Wed Oct 27 18:14:27 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_getppid): support Win64.
+
+Wed Oct 27 15:07:19 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_win32.c (w32_error): should get error no only once, because
+	  the result of the second getting will indicate the error of the
+	  first FormatMessage() call.
+
+Wed Oct 27 13:51:25 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#pipe): need to propagate exceptions
+	  in read/write thread. fix r29541.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb (TestIO_M17N#pipe): ditto.
+
+Wed Oct 27 12:05:40 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (clone_const): need to return value. fix r29602.
+
+Wed Oct 27 11:58:58 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (NUM2LONG_internal): add cast to get rid of a
+	  non GCC compiler warning. this is intentional type conversion.
+
+Wed Oct 27 09:25:46 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cont.c: apply documentation patch by Run Paint Run Run.
+	  [ruby-core:32915]
+
+Wed Oct 27 02:12:10 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* object.c (Init_Object), constant.h, variable.c
+	  (rb_mod_private_constant, rb_mod_public_constant,
+	  set_const_visibility, rb_const_get_0): add Module#public_constant
+	  and private_constant.  [ruby-dev:39685][ruby-core:32698]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: add tests for above.
+
+Wed Oct 27 02:02:54 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* class.c, constant.h, gc.c, method.h, object.c, variable.c,
+	  vm_insnhelper.c: use struct rb_constant_entry_t as entry of
+	  RCLASS_CONST_TBL.  RCLASS_CONST_TBL has contained VALUE of constant
+	  directly.  Now instead rb_const_entry_t is contained in
+	  RCLASS_CONST_TBL,  rb_const_entry_t is managed by malloc, and
+	  have not only the value itself but also visibility flag.
+	  This is another preparation for private constant (see
+	  [ruby-dev:39685][ruby-core:32698]).
+
+Wed Oct 27 01:56:34 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* class.c, gc.c, object.c, variable.c, vm_insnhelper.c,
+	  include/ruby/ruby.h: separate RCLASS_CONST_TBL from RCLASS_IV_TBL.
+	  RCLASS_IV_TBL has contained not only instance variable table but
+	  also constant table.  Now the two table are separated to
+	  RCLASS_CONST_TBL and RCLASS_IV_TBL.  This is a preparation for
+	  private constant (see [ruby-dev:39685][ruby-core:32698]).
+
+Tue Oct 26 18:51:00 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/scanf.rb (extract_float): allow 2.e+2 style.
+	  [ruby-dev:42452] #3978
+
+Tue Oct 26 18:09:36 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (ASFLAGS): needs INCFLAGS.
+
+	* configure.in (rb_cv_dynamic_alloca): check if extra source for
+	  dynamic size alloca.
+
+	* missing/x86_64-chkstk.s (___chkstk): necessary for alloca of
+	  amd64-mingw32msvc-gcc on Ubuntu.
+
+	* thread_win32.c (ruby_alloca_chkstk): check stack overflow
+
+Tue Oct 26 18:04:53 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* template/ruby.pc.in (Libs): needs DLDFLAGS.
+
+Tue Oct 26 12:47:10 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (pkgconfig-data): moved from Makefile.in.
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb: install pc file only if non-empty.
+	  [ruby-core:32901] #3983
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (ruby_pc): create pc file.
+
+Tue Oct 26 09:13:34 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (rb_cv_gcc_atomic_builtins): check for atomic
+	  builtins, all are not available in Apple derivative gcc.
+
+Tue Oct 26 00:29:26 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (pkgconfig-data): create pkg-config metadata file.
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb: install pkg-config metadata file.
+
+	* template/ruby.pc.in: template of pkg-config metadata file.
+
+Mon Oct 25 16:38:07 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* signal.c  (rb_atomic_t): GCC (of  at least  recent versions)
+	  has  ubiquitous  support  for  atomic operations.   On  that
+	  compiler a C program can  issue a memory barrier using these
+	  dedicated  instructions.  According to  the GCC  manual they
+	  cargo culted  this feature form  the Itanium ABI  so chances
+	  are that  other compilers  could also support  this feature.
+	  But so far GCC is the  only compiler that I know to have it.
+	  Also note that this works on non-Itanium machines.
+
+Mon Oct 25 06:21:35 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): prec digits fractal part should be
+	  appended to 0 if prec is given.  [ruby-dev:42453] #3979
+
+Mon Oct 25 02:57:21 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* common.mk (run.gdb): Quit gdb on 'make gdb' when
+	  no signals are received.
+
+Mon Oct 25 00:25:23 2010  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* lib/date.rb: some corrections of documentation.
+
+Sun Oct 24 17:14:00 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c, gc.c, hash.c, object.c, string.c, struct.c,
+	  transcode.c, variable.c, vm.c, vm_insnhelper.c, vm_method.c:
+	  replace calls to rb_error_frozen() with rb_check_frozen().  a
+	  patch from Run Paint Run Run at [ruby-core:32014]
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_check_frozen): optimize.
+	  [ruby-core:32878]
+
+Sun Oct 24 15:16:30 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Mini#run): abort if interrupted.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Mini#run_test_suites): show the
+	  result even when interrupted on the way.
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Mini#run_test_suites): ensure
+	  output sync mode to be restored.
+
+Sun Oct 24 14:11:16 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (vm_define_method): defined method is run with the default
+	  public visibility regardless the visibility context of definition.
+	  [ruby-core:30638]
+
+Sun Oct 24 12:08:54 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb: make test/unit play nicely with the rake test
+	  loader. [ruby-core:32864]
+
+Sun Oct 24 00:25:13 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (test_segv_test): follow up the
+	  change at r29556.
+
+Sat Oct 23 14:39:58 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb: $extmk should be true for test/runner.
+
+Sat Oct 23 10:55:37 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): fix to add bug outputs.
+	  - loaded script ($0)
+	  - loaded features ($")
+	  - process memory map on Linux (/proc/self/maps)
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vmdebug_stack_dump_raw): fix header message.
+
+Fri Oct 22 14:50:13 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert):
+	  assertion message must not be nil.
+
+Fri Oct 22 13:59:50 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert):
+	  treat nil case. Please run test-all before commit such change.
+
+Thu Oct 21 23:58:14 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_lazy_sweep): Variable declarations should be at
+	  the head of block.
+
+Thu Oct 21 23:56:54 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (objspace_each_objects, rb_objspace_each_objects): use
+	  struct.
+
+	* gc.c (objspace_each_objects): fix return with no value.
+
+Thu Oct 21 23:47:12 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (dir_initialize): remove useless intermediate variable.
+
+Thu Oct 21 16:07:20 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_f_select): change rdoc.
+	  patched by Eito Katagiri [ruby-core:31805]
+
+Thu Oct 21 15:55:21 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httpauth/digestauth.rb
+	  (WEBrick::HTTPAuth::ProxyDigestAuth#check_uri): privated.
+	  [ruby-dev:42344]
+
+Thu Oct 21 15:50:25 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_f_select): add correct rdoc.
+	  patched by Dave Thomas [ruby-core:32467]
+
+Thu Oct 21 15:42:01 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/telnet.rb (Net::Telnet#close): added.
+	  patched by Erik Hollensbe [ruby-dev:42260] #3830
+
+Thu Oct 21 13:08:00 2010  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace_each_objects): don't lazy sweep in
+	  rb_objspace_each_objects. [Bug #3940] [ruby-dev:42369]
+
+Thu Oct 21 00:05:45 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (TestIO#pipe): get rid of deadlock on pipe.
+	  a patch from Tomoyuki Chikanaga at [ruby-dev:42435].  #3970
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb (TestIO_M17N#pipe): ditto.
+
+Wed Oct 20 23:54:36 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/dbm/dbm.c: rdoc based on a patch by mathew meta AT
+	  pobox.com, at [ruby-core:32853].
+
+Wed Oct 20 10:47:21 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* util.c (ruby_strtod): reject 0x1.p+0. [ruby-dev:42432] #3966
+
+Wed Oct 20 10:00:57 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): print floating point on "%#a".
+	  [ruby-dev:42431] Bug#3965
+
+Tue Oct 19 19:30:11 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): clear ALT flag for %a.
+	  [ruby-core:32841] [ruby-core:32848]
+
+Tue Oct 19 12:19:25 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): fix over-count of field size.
+
+Tue Oct 19 03:08:52 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): use HEXPREFIX flag for prefix of %a.
+	  [ruby-core:32841]
+
+Mon Oct 18 13:18:01 2010  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* ext/digest/digest.c (rb_digest_class_init): Define
+	  Digest::Class.new(). [Feature #3954]
+
+Mon Oct 18 12:58:40 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* pack.c (pack_pack): refine the document.  [ruby-dev:42397]
+	  (pack_unpack): ditto.
+
+Mon Oct 18 10:19:00 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (transport_request): @socket may be nil.
+	  patched by Egbert Eich [ruby-core:32829]
+
+Mon Oct 18 09:57:28 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* sprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): wrong padding around prefix and
+	  floating point with %a. [ruby-dev:42403] Bug #3956
+
+Sun Oct 17 22:36:33 2010  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* lib/date/delta.rb: added an rdoc tag.
+
+Sun Oct 17 10:47:12 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_mod_remove_const): update rdoc.
+	  [ruby-core:31957]
+
+Sun Oct 17 10:40:17 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (rb_define_{class,module}_id_under): register to be
+	  marked, which probably are defined and used internally.
+
+Sat Oct 16 11:10:55 2010  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_encoding2cp): set codepage 20936
+	  according to GB2312. [Bug #3937] [ruby-core:32758]
+
+Sat Oct 16 10:54:57 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (CPP): already used in .c.i rule.
+
+	* cygwin/GNUmakefile.in (DLLWRAP, WINDRES): add --driver-name and
+	  --preprocessor options explicitly.  [ruby-core:32776]
+
+Sat Oct 16 10:06:08 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/sdbm/_sdbm.c (SEEDUPS, BADMESS): make settable using command
+	  line options.
+
+	* ext/sdbm/_sdbm.c (makroom): suppress unused result warning.
+
+	* ext/sdbm/extconf.rb: disable BADMESS, a library should not emit
+	  messages directly.
+
+Sat Oct 16 08:39:03 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dln.c (dln_strerror): get English message first, instead of
+	  system default. see [ruby-dev:42358].
+
+Sat Oct 16 00:08:00 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_aref): skip calling "default" method
+	  if it is not needed, for speed-up.
+
+Fri Oct 15 23:36:25 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (NUM2DEVT, DEVT2NUM, PRI_DEVT_PREFIX): fallback to
+	  unsigned int.
+
+Fri Oct 15 22:54:46 2010  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_hresult2msg): get English message first,
+	  instead of system default. [ruby-core:32765]
+
+Fri Oct 15 22:47:31 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (VALUE): prefer long over uintptr_t,
+	  FIX2LONG expects VALUE to be long at least.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (FIX2LONG): parenthesize the argument.
+
+Fri Oct 15 20:30:30 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (dev_t): use RUBY_REPLACE_TYPE.
+
+	* file.c (rb_stat_inspect): use PRI_DEVT_PREFIX.
+
+Fri Oct 15 17:26:57 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* pack.c (pack_pack): simplify comparison of explicit_endian
+	  as pointed by nobu.
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): ditto.
+
+Fri Oct 15 16:40:37 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* pack.c (pack_pack): fix more than one modifiers appear in the
+	  format string. [ruby-core:32793]
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): ditto.
+
+Thu Oct 14 23:20:42 2010  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_folderitem2_invokeverb.rb: refactoring.
+
+Thu Oct 14 22:18:29 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* insns.def, iseq.c, vm_insnhelper.c: rename variable name
+	  (ip -> iseq).
+
+Thu Oct 14 20:41:27 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* pack.c (pack_pack): support endian modifiers: < and >.
+	  [ruby-dev:42376] Feature #3491
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): ditto.
+
+Thu Oct 14 20:50:51 2010  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (reg_get_val): expand environment in
+	  the pathname. [Bug #3907]
+
+Thu Oct 14 07:35:07 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (DEVT2NUM): added. Size of dev_t is depend on the
+	  environment even if POSIX defines dev_t as unsigned integer.
+	  For example, OpenVMS, 64bit Solaris 9, and NetBSD 6 defines
+	  dev_t as 64bit unsigned integer.
+
+	* file.c (rb_stat_dev): use DEVT2NUM.
+
+	* file.c (rb_stat_dev_major): dev_t is not long. major(3)'s return
+	  value is int.
+
+	* file.c (rb_stat_dev_minor): dev_t is not long. minor(3)'s return
+	  value is int.
+
+	* configure.in: check size of dev_t.
+
+Thu Oct 14 07:22:12 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_and, rb_ary_or), class.c (rb_mod_init_copy),
+	  gc.c (undefine_final), time.c (time_mload): get rid of
+	  type-punning casts.
+
+Thu Oct 14 04:16:41 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (ruby_float_step): fix Numeric#step with infinity unit
+	  doesn't works well. [ruby-core:32779]
+
+Wed Oct 13 23:16:46 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/enc-unicode.rb: get rid of lots of warnings.
+
+	* iseq.c (insn_operand_intern, rb_iseq_disasm): fix format specifiers.
+
+	* vm.c (thread_free): ditto.
+
+	* numeric.c (check_uint): get rid of overflow on LLP64 platforms.
+
+	* insns.def (opt_case_dispatch): use st_data_t.
+
+Wed Oct 13 22:32:34 2010  Takeyuki FUJIOKA  <xibbar@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/cgi/util.rb (CGI::unescape): bugfix to unescape the multibyte
+	  string. Thanks nobu and tDiary dev members. [Bug #3909]
+
+Wed Oct 13 21:13:00 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_chr): raise error when the value is negative.
+
+Wed Oct 13 19:24:08 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (ruby_vm_destruct): This function type was wrong; correct to the prototype.
+
+Wed Oct 13 14:58:09 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_num_to_uint): fix 32bit logic.
+
+Wed Oct 13 12:53:43 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_num_to_uint): added to check the range of arguments.
+	  Mainly for negative value with NUM2UINT on 32bit environment.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_concat): use rb_num_to_uint.
+
+Wed Oct 13 12:10:02 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_win32.c (w32_error): get English message first, instead
+	  of system default. see [ruby-core:32765].
+	  [experimental]
+
+Wed Oct 13 11:04:03 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* debug.c (ruby_set_debug_option): define always for binary
+	  compatibility with debug env enabled binary.
+
+	* signal.c (ruby_enable_coredump): ditto.
+
+Wed Oct 13 10:52:51 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (ruby_executable_node): missing prototype.
+
+Wed Oct 13 05:23:04 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* missing/strchr.c: add strlen's prototype.
+
+	* missing/strstr.c: ditto.
+
+Wed Oct 13 00:21:17 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (struct mktime_arg): constified.
+
+	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (mktime_do, mktime_r, rb_syck_mktime): fix
+	  function signatures.
+
+Wed Oct 13 00:18:18 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* st.c (MurmurMagic): get rid of literal overflow.
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_CHECK_PRINTF_PREFIX): check for printf format
+	  specifier if possible.
+
+Tue Oct 12 23:58:19 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_open_osfhandle, rb_w32_wopen, rb_w32_pipe):
+	  use uintptr_t instead of long for win64.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (socketpair_internal): suppress warnings.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (ftruncate): use HANDLE instead of long for win64.
+
+	* vsnprintf.c (BSD_vfprintf): fix cast.
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_num2fix): result of rb_num2long is SIGNED_VALUE.
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_build_body), error.c (set_syserr, get_syserr),
+	  (syserr_initialize), gc.c (define_final, rb_gc_copy_finalizer),
+	  (run_final), hash.c (rb_hash_aref, rb_hash_lookup2),
+	  (rb_hash_fetch_m, rb_hash_clear, rb_hash_aset, eql_i),
+	  iseq.c (iseq_load, iseq_data_to_ary), marshal.c (r_symlink),
+	  thread.c (rb_thread_local_aref),
+	  variable.c (generic_ivar_remove, ivar_get, rb_const_get_0),
+	  (rb_cvar_get), vm.c (rb_vm_check_redefinition_opt_method),
+	  vm_insnhelper.c (vm_get_ev_const), vm_method.c (remove_method),
+	  ext/iconv/iconv.c (map_charset): use st_data_t.
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_build_body), insns.def (getglobal, setglobal),
+	  iseq.c (iseq_load, iseq_data_to_ary), util.c (valid_filename):
+	  use VALUE.
+
+	* gc.c (obj_free, rb_objspace_call_finalizer): fix truncating
+	  cast.
+
+	* gc.c (mark_current_machine_context): suppress warnings.
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): fix truncating cast.
+
+	* cont.c (fiber_setcontext): missing variable definition.
+
+Tue Oct 12 19:25:13 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (exc_to_s): use OBJ_INFECT.
+
+	* error.c (name_err_to_s): ditto.
+
+	* error.c (name_err_mesg_to_str): ditto.
+
+	* error.c (syserr_initialize): ditto.
+
+Tue Oct 12 19:07:55 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (syserr_initialize): taint message if mesg is given
+	  and it is tainted.
+
+Tue Oct 12 18:25:43 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_ungetc): always see Bignum. On 32bit valid value
+	  may be a Bignum. On 64bit for errors. [ruby-dev:42366]
+
+Tue Oct 12 18:25:04 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_concat): use unsigned int for GB18030.
+
+Tue Oct 12 17:53:49 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric (check_uint): the mask must refer to VALUE.
+
+Tue Oct 12 17:47:10 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric (check_uint): set MSB for negative value.
+
+	* numeric (rb_num2uint): return value's type of rb_num2ulong
+	  is VALUE.
+
+	* numeric (int_chr): variable i can't be negative.
+
+Tue Oct 12 16:04:37 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_strerror): get English message first, instead
+	  of system default. see [ruby-dev:42358].
+	  [experimental]
+
+Tue Oct 12 15:52:35 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_strerror): unmap some range of errno for
+	  workaround of VC10's strerror() and sys_nerr problem.
+	  based on a patch from Akio Tajima, [ruby-dev:42355].
+
+Tue Oct 12 15:36:09 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_ungetc): use unsigned int for GB18030.
+
+Tue Oct 12 15:14:21 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_putc): support multibyte characters.
+	  [ruby-core:30697]
+
+Tue Oct 12 15:10:31 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_enc_uint_chr): split from int_chr.
+
+	* numeric.c (int_chr): use rb_enc_uint_chr.
+
+	* include/ruby/encoding.h (rb_enc_uint_chr): added.
+
+Tue Oct 12 14:04:41 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (int_chr): a codepoint of Ruby M17N must be 32bit
+	  unsigned int; GB18030 uses MSB. Also note that OnigCodePoint
+	  is defined as unsigned int.
+
+Tue Oct 12 12:20:54 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (dump_thread): foolish mistake.
+
+Tue Oct 12 10:39:08 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_MINGW32): canonicalize only on mingw.
+
+Mon Oct 11 20:20:23 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (HTTP.get): specify ASCII-8BIT as the result
+	  encoding of Zlib::GzipReader.
+	  http://hibari.2ch.net/test/read.cgi/tech/1281473294/271
+
+Mon Oct 11 17:42:54 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (syserr_initialize): use mesg's encoding when locale
+	  encoding is US-ASCII. If locale encoding is not US-ASCII,
+	  assume err has non ASCII characters. [ruby-dev:42358]
+
+Mon Oct 11 14:03:54 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (syserr_initialize): set the encoding of Errno::*#message
+	  as locale. [ruby-dev:42358]
+
+Mon Oct 11 06:38:27 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_set_encoding):
+	  StringIO#set_encoding can get 2nd argument and optional hash
+	  for API compatibility to IO. [ruby-dev:42356]
+
+Mon Oct 11 06:11:30 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_set_encoding): use rb_funcall2 when the io is not
+	  a T_FILE. [ruby-dev:42356]
+
+Sun Oct 10 18:42:23 2010  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/set.rb (Set#replace): Apply a bit of optimization.
+
+Sun Oct 10 10:20:07 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_MINGW32): canonicalize as like mswin version.
+
+Sun Oct 10 05:33:14 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_signal_buff_size, rb_signal_exec): moved
+	  declarations from thread.c.
+
+Sat Oct  9 16:54:28 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (RSHIFT): quote to get rid of argument expansion
+	  for autoconf 2.68.
+
+Sat Oct  9 11:00:06 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_reset_event_flags, exec_event_hooks): ignore
+	  hooks marked as removed.
+
+	* thread.c (thread_exec_event_hooks): remove hooks to be removed.
+
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_remove_event_hook, rb_remove_event_hook):
+	  defer removing hooks if running the hooks.  [ruby-dev:42350]
+
+Sat Oct  9 10:51:00 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_exec_event_hooks): suppress each event
+	  hooks separately.
+
+	* thread.c (thread_suppress_tracing): split from
+	  ruby_suppress_tracing, accepting thread pointer and event mask.
+
+Sat Oct  9 08:16:01 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_remove_event_hook): fix typo.
+
+Fri Oct  8 10:52:25 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (RBCONFIG): depends on version.h due to
+	  RUBY_PATCHLEVEL.  [ruby-core:32709]
+
+Fri Oct  8 00:24:54 2010  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb: Fixing documentation typos.  [ruby-core:32712]
+
+Thu Oct  7 09:14:28 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_exec.c (vm_exec_core):  Treat clang as non gcc on this
+	  context: It has __asm__ but doesn't works well.
+
+Wed Oct  6 12:28:22 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic#hostname): new method.
+	  (URI::Generic#hostname=): ditto.
+
+	* lib/open-uri.rb: use URI#hostname
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb: ditto.
+
+	  reported by Adam Majer.  [ruby-core:32056]
+
+Wed Oct  6 11:52:12 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (fptr_finalize): write_mutex might have been destroyed
+	  already in finalization phase, as the order of finalizers is not
+	  guaranteed.  rb_mutex_t should be used in place of Mutex object
+	  in the future.
+
+Tue Oct  5 22:17:02 2010  wanabe  <s.wanabe@gmail.com>
+
+	* win32/mkexports.rb: revert r29320 and r29402.
+
+Mon Oct  4 12:43:47 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (regexp): dregexp has literal string only at the head
+	  and successors are array.  [ruby-core:32682]
+
+Mon Oct  4 10:22:21 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* random.c (rand_init): This checks the value is in 32bit or not,
+	  so use int32_t, not int.
+
+Mon Oct  4 09:47:39 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* random.c (rand_init): remove useless assignment.
+
+	* re.c (update_char_offset): remove unused variable.
+
+	* re.c (read_escaped_byte): ditto.
+
+Mon Oct  4 09:30:42 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/bn.rb (Integer#to_bn): OpenSSL::BN.new
+	  accepts only Strings, so call Integer#to_s(16).
+	  16 is for an optimization. [ruby-dev:42336]
+
+Mon Oct  4 07:57:51 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cont.c (fiber_memsize): Return size.
+	  Before this change, fiber_memsize always returns 0.
+
+Mon Oct  4 07:16:55 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/unicode.c (onigenc_unicode_property_name_to_ctype):
+	  remove useless assignment.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_make_proc_from_block): ditto.
+
+	* variable.c (rb_ivar_count): ditto.
+
+Mon Oct  4 06:40:24 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (clean-rdoc): Don't use \ in variable expansion.
+	  BSD make treats it as an escape character.
+
+Mon Oct  4 00:01:53 2010  wanabe  <s.wanabe@gmail.com>
+
+	* tool/config.sub: revert r29320, r29324, r29347, r29354, r29365
+	  to automake-1.11.1. [ruby-core:32634]
+
+	* win32/mkexports.rb: no longer use 'mingw64'. a patch from Luis Lavena
+	  at [ruby-core:32678].
+
+Sun Oct  3 20:36:37 2010  Akio Tajima (arton)  <artonx@yahoo.co.jp>
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_folderitem2_invokeverb.rb: Change creating
+	  shortcut verb to 'Link' [Bug #3339]
+
+Sun Oct  3 19:44:23 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (Makefile): get rid of duplicated ruby target when
+	  already there it was.
+
+Sat Oct  2 22:59:32 2010  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_thread.rb: add for win32ole with Thread.
+
+Fri Oct  1 17:03:00 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/webrick/test_httpproxy.rb (TestWEBrickHTTPProxy::test_upstream_proxy):
+	  My machine fails this test at this line, saying 503 service unavailable.
+
+Thu Sep 30 16:11:08 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_getenv): should return NULL if specified name
+	  is empty. a patch from Heesob Park at [ruby-core:32650]
+
+Thu Sep 30 15:18:23 2010  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (command_asgn): allow command_call to be right hand side
+	  expression of chained assignment.  [ruby-dev:42313]
+
+Thu Sep 30 10:55:38 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (ruby_setenv): workaround for old Windows. a patch from
+	  Heesob Park. [ruby-core:32353]
+
+Thu Sep 30 09:29:06 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI.encode_www_form): change treatment of
+	  undefined value in given array as latest internet draft for
+	  application/www-form-urlencoded.
+	  http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-hoehrmann-urlencoded-01
+
+Thu Sep 30 09:34:03 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (dump_thread): fixed wrong type of return value of
+	  SymGetModuleBase64(). [ruby-dev:42306]
+
+Wed Sep 29 21:04:05 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (TestRubyOptions::test_script_from_stdin):
+	  As usual, PTY is not always available.
+
+Wed Sep 29 18:38:14 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/config.sub (x64): regularize only for pc vendor, and strip
+	  useless 64 suffix.
+
+Wed Sep 29 17:53:02 2010  Kenta Murata <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BIGDECIMAL_ENABLE_VPRINT):
+	  VPrint is usually disabled.  It's only used in debugging.
+
+Wed Sep 29 17:41:34 2010  Kenta Murata <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_save_limit):
+	  return the result of a block.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_save_limit):
+	  add a test for the above change.
+
+Wed Sep 29 16:18:03 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (dump_thread): remove unused optional arguments.
+
+Wed Sep 29 13:26:30 2010  Kenta Murata <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_save_rounding_mode):
+	  return the result of a block.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_save_rounding_mode):
+	  add a test for the above change.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_save_exception_mode):
+	  add a test for the return value of BigDecimal.save_exception_mode.
+
+Wed Sep 29 12:45:30 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_div2, BigDecimal_add2,
+	  BigDecimal_sub2, BigDecimal_mult2, VpLimitRound): remove meaningless
+	  casts to get rid of compiler warnings.
+
+Wed Sep 29 12:35:13 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (VPrint, VpToString): fix format.
+
+Wed Sep 29 12:31:12 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/known_classes.rb (RDoc::KNOWN_CLASSES): add Encoding.
+
+Tue Sep 28 20:50:23 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/config.sub (x64): regularize same as mswin.
+
+Tue Sep 28 20:06:14 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): add windows support.
+	  based on patches from Peter Weldon at [ruby-core:32551]
+
+Mon Sep 27 23:30:34 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* insns.def (opt_case_dispatch), vm_insnhelper.c:
+	  execute the procedures of "when" clauses by bytecode
+	  instead of st_foreach() when the object does not hit
+	  prepared hash.  [ruby-dev:42304]
+
+Mon Sep 27 15:54:03 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/net/http/test_https.rb: As always, localhost is not
+	  guaranteed to be resolved as 127.0.0.1.  But a SSL
+	  certificate needs a socket to listen on a specific address
+	  where a CN resolves to.  On situations where localhost is
+	  not 127.0.0.1, these tests are not possible.
+
+Mon Sep 27 15:25:05 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/net/imap/test_imap.rb: resurrection of r29259.
+	  this change depends on minitest 1.7.1.
+
+	* lib/test/unit/assertions.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Sep 26 22:59:45 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/config.sub (x86_64-pc-mingw64): regularize.
+
+Sun Sep 26 22:21:07 2010  wanabe  <s.wanabe@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_hmac.c (ossl_hmac_hexdigest, ossl_hmac_s_hexdigest),
+	  ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c (ossl_ec_group_set_seed),
+	  ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c (ossl_ssl_session_to_der),
+	  ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c (numberof): suppress warnings.
+	  [ruby-core:31932]
+
+Sun Sep 26 10:25:24 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/config.{guess,sub}: updated to automake-1.11.1.
+
+Sat Sep 25 22:48:30 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS): fix quoting.
+
+Sat Sep 25 10:30:37 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS): use -unexported_symbol only
+	  when available.  http://trac.macports.org/ticket/26341
+
+Sat Sep 25 10:05:49 2010  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: Always add -mieee for Renesas SH4.
+	  Thanks, Nobuhiro Iwamatsu. [Feature #3874] [ruby-core:32548]
+
+Sat Sep 25 01:34:41 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (install-cross): target to install cross-compiling
+	  stuff.
+
+Fri Sep 24 23:44:59 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (sym_call), vm.c (invoke_block_from_c),
+	  vm_insnhelper.c (vm_yield_with_cfunc): pass given block.
+	  [ruby-core:32075]
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_funcall_passing_block): new function to call
+	  method with passing given block.
+
+Fri Sep 24 15:50:43 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_to_i): fix rdoc: String#to_i raises an
+	  exception when base is invalid. [ruby-core:31685]
+
+Fri Sep 24 15:28:35 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_rindex): use rb_enc_prev_char instead of repeated
+	  str_nth.
+	  patched by Michael Selig [ruby-core:32498]
+
+Fri Sep 24 14:19:12 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/test_pty.rb: Same as 229281; existence of PTY class do not
+	  guarantee a successful pty operation.
+
+Fri Sep 24 06:25:55 2010  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
+
+	* lib/minitest/*.rb: Imported minitest 1.7.2 r5879.
+	* test/minitest/*.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu Sep 23 23:09:08 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_get_cref0): cref is stacked only in normal
+	  iseqs, so check if it is the case first.
+
+Thu Sep 23 23:08:41 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/config.sub: mingw64 should use x86_64.  [ruby-core:32514]
+
+Thu Sep 23 21:40:40 2010  wanabe  <s.wanabe@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (init_addrinfo, inspect_sockaddr): suppress
+	  warnings.  see [ruby-core:31932].
+
+Thu Sep 23 19:27:57 2010  wanabe  <s.wanabe@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_win32.c (w32_wait_events, w32_close_handle): suppress warnings.
+	  see [ruby-core:31932].
+
+Thu Sep 23 18:54:39 2010  wanabe  <s.wanabe@gmail.com>
+
+	* tool/config.sub: add mingw64.
+
+	* win32/mkexports.rb (Exports::Mingw64): added.
+
+	* win32/mkexports.rb (Exports::Mingw32): renamed from Exports::Mingw.
+
+Thu Sep 23 09:01:28 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_cref_push): no outer cref is needed for proc
+	  from method.  Bug #3786, Bug #3860, [ruby-core:32501]
+
+Wed Sep 22 17:12:01 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/utils.rb (OpenSSL#silent): always restore $VERBOSE.
+	  [ruby-dev:42285]
+
+Wed Sep 22 16:59:40 2010  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* test/test_prime.rb (TestPrime#test_new): the warning expected have
+	  not been displayed when $VERBOSE == nil. Patch by Shota Fukumori
+	  a.k.a. sora_h. [ruby-dev:42272]
+	  Recovers $stderr even if StringIO.new fails. Reported by unak.
+
+Wed Sep 22 01:55:48 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_method.rb: fix last commit.
+
+Wed Sep 22 01:49:52 2010  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_method.rb: add a test for [ruby-core:30534].
+
+Wed Sep 22 00:52:44 2010  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/ri/store.rb (save_cache): remove duplicate entries.
+
+Wed Sep 22 00:00:05 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_f_pathname): Pathname() translated
+	  from pathname.rb.
+
+Tue Sep 21 22:18:30 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/mkconfig.rb: fixed build problem on mswin64 introduced in r29278.
+
+Tue Sep 21 02:42:35 2010  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* test/pathname/test_pathname.rb (TestPathname#test_mkdir): fix typo.
+
+Mon Sep 20 23:23:05 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (bracket): get rid of scanning at the end of the pattern
+	  string, not to raise an exception while globbing command line.
+	  [ruby-core:32478]
+
+Mon Sep 20 11:25:49 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (Init_pathname): Pathname#=~ undefinition
+	  translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Mon Sep 20 02:34:11 2010  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (check_rounding_mode, BigDecimal_mode):
+	  raise ArgumentError instead of TypeError passing invalid modes.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_mode, test_round):
+	  change against the above modifications.
+
+Sun Sep 19 22:08:39 2010  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (try_link): rdoc
+	  (try_compile): ditto
+	  (try_cpp): ditto
+	  (try_func): ditto
+	  (try_var): ditto
+	  (try_run): ditto
+	  (egrep_cpp): ditto
+
+Sun Sep 19 20:43:33 2010  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* configure.in (--disable-install-doc): disables capi too, in addition
+	  to rdoc.
+	  (--disable-install-rdoc): a new option for disabling only rdoc.
+	  (--disable-install-capi): a new option for disabling only capi.
+
+Sun Sep 19 20:37:45 2010  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* common.mk (clean): removes all documents on cleaning.o
+	  (CAPIOUT): new variable.
+	  (clean-capi, distclean-capi, realclean-capi): new targets
+
+	* Makefile.in (clean-capi, distclean-capi, realclean-capi): ditto.
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (clean-capi, distclean-capi, realclean-capi):
+	  ditto.
+
+Sun Sep 19 13:44:24 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (LIBRUBY_SO): fix an oversight of replace
+	  RUBY_INSTALL_NAME with RUBY_SO_NAME.  a patch from Jeremy Evans
+	  at [ruby-core:32474].
+
+Sun Sep 19 07:48:20 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_unlink): Pathname#unlink and
+	  Pathname#delete translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Sun Sep 19 06:06:07 2010  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (check_rounding_mode): added for
+	  converting symbol to rounding mode number.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_mode, BigDecimal_round):
+	  support to specify rounding mode by symbol.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_mode, test_round):
+	  add tests for above changes.
+
+Sun Sep 19 05:14:35 2010  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c: fix rounding algorithms for half-down
+	  and half-even.  This change is based on the patch created by Matthew
+	  Willson, the reporter of this bug.  [Bug #3803] [ruby-core:32136]
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb: add tests for above changes.
+
+Sat Sep 18 20:09:51 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_each_entry): Pathname#each_entry
+	  translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Fri Sep 17 23:44:07 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/xpath_parser.rb, test/rexml/test_xpath.rb:
+	  add missing method availability check. [ruby-core:32447]
+	  Reported by Wiebe Cazemier. Thanks!!!
+
+Fri Sep 17 23:23:26 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_sax.rb: don't use thread and sleep to avoid slow test.
+
+Fri Sep 17 23:10:44 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_core.rb: enable.
+
+Fri Sep 17 22:46:02 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/: untabify.
+
+Fri Sep 17 22:29:56 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/: fix fixture data path. All REXML tests are worked.
+
+Fri Sep 17 22:15:15 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_listener.rb: remove needless codes.
+
+Fri Sep 17 22:12:23 2010  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/: import REXML tests from
+	  http://www.germane-software.com/repos/rexml/trunk/test/.
+	  Many tests are failed temporary. I'll fix them quickly. Sorry.
+
+Fri Sep 17 16:48:49 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/io/console/test_io_console.rb (TestIO_Console::helper):
+	  PTY.open is not guaranteed to work.  On my machine opening a
+	  pty is prohibited via process control group.  On those cases
+	  exceptions shall occur, and that doesn't mean our fault.
+	  Skip those tests on such situations.
+
+Fri Sep 17 08:30:27 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/tracer.rb: count only non-internal libraries in stack trace,
+	  ignoring custom_require.  [ruby-core:31858]
+
+Fri Sep 17 02:18:41 2010  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* tool/mkconfig.rb: Fix build with m4 1.4.15 generating duplicate
+	  lines in config.status.  According to nobu, the mswin32 port may
+	  depend on the piece of code in question, so the behavior is left
+	  unchanged on mswin32.
+
+Thu Sep 16 23:47:59 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_opendir): Pathname#opendir translated
+	  from pathname.rb.
+
+Thu Sep 16 21:40:37 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::GlobOption): merged RejectOption.
+
+	* test/runner.rb: utilize GlobOption.
+
+Thu Sep 16 21:31:24 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/ri/driver.rb (RDoc::RI::Driver.setup_options)
+	  (RDoc::RI::Driver.fixup_options): split from process_args.
+	  libraries should not parse ARGV inside, since it's a task of
+	  applications, not libraries.
+
+Thu Sep 16 21:02:30 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/ri/paths.rb (RDoc::RI::Paths.each): HOMEDIR can be nil
+	  if $HOME is unset.
+
+Thu Sep 16 14:50:42 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb (TestFileExhaustive::test_expand_path):
+	  ENV["HOME"] might not be set.  On those cases without it an
+	  exception raises here, which effectively disables later
+	  tests on this method.
+
+Thu Sep 16 08:30:28 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* sprintf.c (rb_f_sprintf): fix rdoc.  pointed out by Tomoyuki
+	  Chikanaga at [ruby-core:32395], and a patch from Daniel
+	  Bovensiepen at [ruby-core:32403].
+
+Thu Sep 16 08:27:36 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/etc/extconf.rb: use expanded sysconfdir with empty DESTDIR.
+	  [ruby-core:32394]
+
+Thu Sep 16 06:07:24 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_rmdir): Pathname#rmdir translated
+	  from pathname.rb.
+
+Thu Sep 16 00:36:25 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/readline/extconf.rb: Remove Readline 6 check because
+	  Ruby's license is now GPLv3 compatible. [ruby-core:28736]
+
+Thu Sep 16 00:26:00 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* COPYING: change Ruby's License from a dual license with GPLv2
+	  to a dual license with 2-clause BSDL.
+	  [ruby-dev:42166] [ruby-core:31971]
+	  [ruby-dev:39167] [ruby-core:25272]
+
+	* COPYING.ja: ditto.
+
+	* BSDL: added. this is from The FreeBSD License.
+
+Wed Sep 15 21:07:06 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_mkdir): Pathname#mkdir translated
+	  from pathname.rb.
+
+Wed Sep 15 13:37:00 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/net/imap/test_imap.rb: "localhost" not guaranteed to
+	  resolve to "127.0.0.1".  On my machine it is "::1" instead.
+	  The problem is, you have to connect to the imaps server via
+	  the canonical name written in a server certificate, and that
+	  of the server.cert is "localhost".  So you have to listen to
+	  the address of what "localhost" resolves to.  I think this
+	  situation cannot be resolved in a handy manner because the
+	  test "test_imaps_post_connection_check" is actually
+	  expecting to connect to a server via an address other than
+	  the CN.  On my machine several assertions won't pass because
+	  the test cannot connect to the server.
+
+Wed Sep 15 09:12:03 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_puts): fix for wide char encoding strings.
+	  [ruby-dev:42212]
+
+Wed Sep 15 07:27:52 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_format_m): mentioned about Hash argument.  a patch
+	  from Daniel Bovensiepen at [ruby-core:32386].
+
+	* sprintf.c (get_hash): ditto, and fix typo.
+
+Wed Sep 15 07:22:20 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_entries): Pathname#entries translated
+	  from pathname.rb.
+
+Wed Sep 15 02:13:44 2010  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/closure.c : Don't use FFI closure alloc on OpenBSD.
+	  Thanks Jeremy Evans! [ruby-core:32384]
+
+Tue Sep 14 20:17:48 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_s_getwd): Pathname.getwd and
+	  Pathname.pwd translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Tue Sep 14 05:13:04 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_s_glob): Pathname.glob translated
+	  from pathname.rb.
+
+Tue Sep 14 01:24:51 2010  Yutaka Kanemoto  <kanemoto@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (ruby_getaddrinfo__aix): suppress a
+	  warning.
+
+Mon Sep 13 20:48:30 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_zero_p): Pathname#zero? translated
+	  from pathname.rb.
+
+Mon Sep 13 19:56:50 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/rubysocket.h (__DARWIN_ALIGNBYTES): workaround of a
+	  bug in system header of darwin 9.  [ruby-core:32341]
+
+Mon Sep 13 18:11:55 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (try_do): fix typo.  a patch from Peter Weldon
+	  at [ruby-core:32327].
+
+Mon Sep 13 10:12:09 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* util.c (ruby_strtod): reject Float('0x0.').
+	  [ruby-dev:42239] Bug #3820
+
+Mon Sep 13 09:23:58 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c (ossl_bn_is_prime): fix comparison
+	  with rb_scan_args. Before this fix, OpenSSL::BN#prime?
+	  is fully broken. [ruby-dev:42225]
+
+Mon Sep 13 06:45:24 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_writable_real_p):
+	  Pathname#writable_real? translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Sun Sep 12 21:21:50 2010  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* lib/date.rb: [ruby-core:32096]  Thanks Colin Bartlett.
+
+Sun Sep 12 19:30:27 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_world_writable_p):
+	  Pathname#world_writable? translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Sun Sep 12 09:16:06 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_writable_p): Pathname#writable?
+	  translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Sun Sep 12 08:36:15 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (rlimit_resource_name2int): support more limits:
+	  RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE, RLIMIT_NICE, RLIMIT_RTPRIO, RLIMIT_RTTIME and
+	  RLIMIT_SIGPENDING.
+	  (Init_process): ditto.
+	  patch by Run Paint Run Run.  [ruby-core:32262]
+
+Sun Sep 12 04:27:13 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (rlimit_resource_name2int): use STRCASECMP to avoid
+	  ALLOCA_N.
+
+Sat Sep 11 16:47:41 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (ruby_setenv): raise if putenv and SetEnvironmentVariable
+	  failed, because of the restriction of the size on Windows.
+	  based on a patch from Peter Weldon at [ruby-core:32304].  fix:
+	  Bug#3812, [ruby-core:32250]
+
+Sat Sep 11 15:19:57 2010  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httpauth/digestauth.rb (WEBrick::Config::DigestAuth):
+	  Add documentation
+
+	* lib/webrick/config.rb (WEBrick::Config::DigestAuth): Add
+	  documentation
+
+Sat Sep 11 12:32:05 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_set_kcode, rb_get_kcode): removed
+	  zombie prototype declarations.  a patch from Eric Hodel
+	  at [ruby-core:32305].
+
+Sat Sep 11 06:53:12 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_symlink_p): Pathname#symlink?
+	  translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Fri Sep 10 23:03:43 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_sticky_p): Pathname#sticky? translated
+	  from pathname.rb.
+
+Fri Sep 10 19:11:13 2010  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httprequest.rb (WEBrick::HTTPRequest#continue): add
+	  method for generating HTTP/1.1 100 continue response if the client
+	  expects it, otherwise does nothing.  Patch by Brian Candler.
+	  ref #855.
+
+	* test/webrick/test_httprequest.rb: test added.
+
+Fri Sep 10 17:49:34 2010  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/x509-internal.rb: removed unused local
+	  variable.
+
+	* test/openssl/*: less warnings while test running with -w.
+
+Fri Sep 10 16:49:20 2010  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* class.c (rb_scan_args): Add support for optional keyword
+	  argument hash. [ruby-dev:42221] [ruby-dev:38048]
+
+	* README.EXT, README.EXT.ja: Update documentation accordingly.
+
+	* dir.c (dir_initialize): Make use of the new rb_scan_args()
+	  feature.
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_s_popen, rb_scan_open_args, rb_io_initialize)
+	  (rb_io_s_pipe, open_key_args, io_s_foreach, io_s_readlines)
+	  (rb_io_s_read, rb_io_set_encoding): Ditto.
+
+	* transcode.c (str_transcode, econv_args)
+	  (econv_primitive_convert): Ditto.
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (rb_gzreader_initialize): Ditto.
+
+Fri Sep 10 10:33:18 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* random.c (rb_genrand_ulong_limited): renamed from
+	  rb_rand_internal and now this is public API.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_genrand_ulong_limited): added.
+
+	* bignum.c (big_sparse_p): use rb_genrand_ulong_limited.
+
+Fri Sep 10 13:07:22 2010  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/digest/lib/digest.rb: removed unused exception variable
+	  assignment to avoid a warning.
+
+Fri Sep 10 07:29:14 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_systmpdir): assume system default tmpdir
+	  safe.  [ruby-dev:42089]
+
+Fri Sep 10 07:03:23 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_size_p): Pathname#size? translated from
+	  pathname.rb.
+
+Fri Sep 10 02:15:29 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/option.c (inspect_peercred): support OpenBSD-current.
+	  patch by Jeremy Evans.  [ruby-core:32240]
+
+Thu Sep  9 23:25:53 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (vm_backtrace_each): skip allocator frames which have no
+	  name.  [ruby-core:32231]
+
+Thu Sep  9 22:39:08 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_size): Pathname#size translated from
+	  pathname.rb.
+
+Thu Sep  9 22:34:48 2010  wanabe  <s.wanabe@gmail.com>
+
+	* compile.c (case_when_optimizable_literal): When float value can be
+	  treated as integer, add to table hash of case that way.
+	  based on a patch from Ikuo KOBORI. [ruby-dev:42038]
+
+	* insns.def (opt_case_dispatch): ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_case.rb: add tests.
+
+Thu Sep  9 17:15:15 2010  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/net/http/test_https.rb (test_identity_verify_failure): follows
+	  the SSL hostname check error message of openssl.
+
+Thu Sep  9 10:44:46 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_env.rb (test_aset): OpenBSD acts like NetBSD in
+	  that it ignores characters after = in ENV.
+	  patched by Jeremy Evans [ruby-core:32184]
+
+Thu Sep  9 09:02:01 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb (install?): gemspec filename should include
+	  its version. patched by Luis Lavena [ruby-core:32165]
+
+Wed Sep  8 22:46:31 2010  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ssl_get_error): Thread context switch was
+	  blocked on Windows while blocking call for SSLSocket.  Need to
+	  convert errno for letting rb_io_wait_readable detect EWOULDBLOCK.
+	  Patch by arton. ref #3794.
+
+Wed Sep  8 20:56:57 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_setgid_p): Pathname#setgid? translated
+	  from pathname.rb.
+
+Wed Sep  8 06:25:41 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_setuid_p): Pathname#setuid? translated
+	  from pathname.rb.
+
+Tue Sep  7 21:03:35 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_readable_real_p):
+	  Pathname#readable_real?  translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Mon Sep  6 23:07:25 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_world_readable_p):
+	  Pathname#world_readable?  translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Mon Sep  6 11:03:13 2010  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Fixed wrong check of missing functions. Patch by Adrian Quark.
+	  ref #3400
+	  The patch contains following comment:
+	    This patch should avoid unnecessary incompatibility with future
+	    versions of Openssl.  Changes suggested by bmaher_at_amazon.com.
+
+Mon Sep  6 10:46:55 2010  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Fixed exception message for SSL post connection check failure. Patch
+	  by Paul Betteridge. ref [Bug #3704]
+
+Mon Sep  6 10:31:59 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_s_get_line_buffer):
+	  Readline.line_buffer should return locale string.
+	  [ruby-dev:42184] #3791
+
+Mon Sep  6 09:47:24 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* util.c (ruby_strtod): check there is at least 1 digit after
+	  "0x" before ".". [ruby-dev:42183] #3790
+
+Mon Sep  6 09:44:50 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* util.c (ruby_strtod): check integer overflow.
+	  [ruby-dev:42180] #3789
+
+Mon Sep  6 06:17:21 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_readable_p): Pathname#readable?
+	  translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Sun Sep  5 23:02:34 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_owned_p): Pathname#owned?
+	  translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Sat Sep  4 23:48:47 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_s_readlink): symlink target should be in
+	  filesystem encoding.
+
+Sat Sep  4 10:40:50 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* load.c (ruby_init_ext): export for golfers.
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_iseq_eval, rb_iseq_compile_with_option): ditto.
+
+Sun May 23 17:29:41 2010  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* common.mk (capi): uses a timestamp file to get rid of
+	  generating twice.
+
+Fri Jun 18 01:33:21 2010  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* enc/Makefile.in (realclean): has been missing. necessary
+	  for make realclean-enc.
+
+Fri Sep  3 23:51:26 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_socket_p): Pathname#socket?
+	  translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Fri Sep  3 06:40:44 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/pty/pty.c (chfunc): pass through exceptions.
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_bufwrite, rb_io_bufread): added.
+
+	* process.c (rb_fork_err): protect from exceptions.
+
+Fri Sep  3 06:16:07 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_pipe_p): Pathname#pipe?
+	  translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Fri Sep  3 06:14:40 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/pty/pty.c (chfunc): restore errno from SystemCallError and
+	  propagate proper exception to the parent.  [ruby-dev:41965]
+
+Thu Sep  2 22:10:38 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_file_p): Pathname#file?
+	  translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Thu Sep  2 09:12:02 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_spawn, rb_w32_aspawn): don't forget to free
+	  memory.
+
+Thu Sep  2 09:01:13 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (CreateChild): unicodize.
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_spawn, rb_w32_aspawn): convert arguments of
+	  CreateChild() from ACP to WideChar.
+
+Thu Sep  2 06:53:43 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_directory_p): Pathname#directory?
+	  translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Wed Sep  1 22:03:41 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_grpowned_p): Pathname#grpowned?
+	  translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Wed Sep  1 17:39:02 2010  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
+
+	* lib/minitest/*.rb: Imported minitest 1.7.1 r5835.
+	* test/minitest/*.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Sep  1 16:50:42 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (tr_setup_table): optimized. don't create hash objects
+	  when given pattern is ASCII only.
+
+	* string.c (tr_find): ditto.
+
+Wed Sep  1 14:35:29 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_rotate_m): fix typo of rdoc.
+	  patched by Andrei Kulakov [ruby-core:31975]
+
+Wed Sep  1 14:33:36 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_zip): fix typo of rdoc.
+	  patched by Andrei Kulakov [ruby-core:31974]
+
+Wed Sep  1 12:56:36 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (ruby_suppress_tracing): restore the state and invoke
+	  the func with normal state.  a patch from Satoshi Shiba <shiba
+	  AT rvm.jp> at [ruby-dev:42162].  [ruby-core:31783]
+
+Tue Aug 31 21:10:23 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_exist_p): Pathname#exist? translated
+	  from pathname.rb.
+
+Tue Aug 31 17:32:34 2010  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
+
+	* ext/tk/stubs.c: fix [Bug #3771] "VC++ can't make ext/tk with enabling
+	  stubs". Thanks, Akio Tajima [ruby-dev:42159].
+
+Tue Aug 31 03:42:14 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (tr_setup_table): fix bug in r29146.
+	  Initialize table even if cflag is 0; tr_find see whether
+	  del is empty or not.
+
+	* string.c (tr_find): nodel can't be NULL; if NULL, it means
+	  it is not specified.
+
+Mon Aug 30 21:29:21 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_executable_real_p):
+	  Pathname#executable_real? translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Mon Aug 30 15:00:13 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (tr_setup_table): initialize negating table when
+	  negating string is given. [ruby-core:31851]
+
+	* string.c (tr_find): add a sentence for the time when
+	  target characters include negating one.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_count): move definition.
+
+Mon Aug 30 07:32:41 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_executable_p): Pathname#executable?
+	  translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Sun Aug 29 23:54:10 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/parser/ruby.rb (RDoc#parse_call_parameters): don't
+	  include assignment.  [Bug #3759], [ruby-dev:42154]
+
+	* lib/rdoc/parser/ruby.rb (RDoc#parse_class): ignore non-constant
+	  name singleton class.  [Bug #3759], [ruby-dev:42154]
+
+Sun Aug 29 23:25:18 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_get_path_check): clarify error message for
+	  ASCII-incompatible path name.
+
+Sun Aug 29 16:02:54 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (node_name.inc): remove command option -n and give
+	  file as stdin, because IronRuby 1.1 still doesn't support it.
+	  So now we can use ir.exe as BASERUBY.
+
+	* tool/node_name.rb: read stdin with while gets.
+
+Sun Aug 29 13:22:43 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_thread_method_id_and_class): curried proc has no
+	  method.  [ruby-core:31871]
+
+Sun Aug 29 12:51:33 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* load.c (rb_provide_feature): clarify error message for frozen
+	  $LOADED_FEATURES.  based on a patch from Run Paint Run Run at
+	  [ruby-core:31913].
+
+Sun Aug 29 12:19:58 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* load.c (load_failed): should honor encoding.  [ruby-core:31915]
+
+Sun Aug 29 09:35:10 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (clean): exclude *.inc. [ruby-dev:41931]
+
+	* common.mk (distclean): include *.inc.
+
+	* common.mk (help): change description about clean and distclean.
+
+Sat Aug 29 06:34:52 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_chardev_p): Pathname#chardev?
+	  translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Sat Aug 28 17:39:33 2010  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_save_exception_mode,
+	  BigDecimal_save_rounding_mode, BigDecimal_save_limit): added.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb: added tests for the above
+	  features.
+
+Sat Aug 28 08:11:05 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_blockdev_p): Pathname#blockdev?
+	  translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Fri Aug 27 16:20:01 2010  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_prepend): new method by Shota Fukumori (sora_h)
+	  [Feature #3765]
+
+Fri Aug 27 15:24:20 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* math.c (math_atan2): you should know that M_PI is not the feature
+	  of C90.
+	  fixed build failure caused by r29115.
+
+Fri Aug 27 15:26:33 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (null_device): move from io.c.
+
+Fri Aug 27 12:47:44 2010  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* math.c (math_atan2): change the behavior when x and y are zero.
+	  [ruby-dev:42090] [Bug #3736] [ruby-dev:42116]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_math.rb (test_atan2): add tests for the above
+	  changes.
+
+Fri Aug 27 12:26:23 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_class): remove mention of obsolete method.
+	  a patch from Run Paint Run Run at [ruby-core:31842].
+
+Fri Aug 27 12:25:03 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (null_device): the name of null device.  [ruby-dev:41791]
+
+Fri Aug 27 07:57:34 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_shuffle_bang): bail out from modification during
+	  shuffle.
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_sample): ditto.
+
+Fri Aug 27 05:11:51 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_sysopen): Pathname#sysopen translated
+	  from pathname.rb.
+
+Thu Aug 26 22:53:56 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_shuffle): rdoc fix.  argument name was missing.
+	  a patch from Run Paint Run Run at [ruby-core:31848].
+
+Thu Aug 26 21:49:46 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_readlines): Pathname#readlines
+	  translated from pathname.rb.
+
+Thu Aug 26 10:37:00 2010  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regint.h (OnigStackIndex): the type should be intptr_t.
+	  Original Oniguruma assumes the size of long and that of void *
+	  are equal, but it's not true on LLP64 platform: mswin64.
+	  originally patched by shintaro kuwamoto [ruby-dev:42133]
+
+Thu Aug 26 10:38:11 2010  Yutaka Kanemoto  <kanemoto@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/dl/test_base.rb: AIX does not have dynamically loadable lib[cm].
+
+	* test/fiddle/helper.rb: AIX does not have dynamically loadable lib[cm].
+
+Thu Aug 26 09:49:50 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_shuffle_bang): check number of argument.
+
+Tue Aug 26 09:11:40 2010  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (Init_bigdecimal,
+	  rmpd_set_thread_local_exception_mode, VpGetException,
+	  VpSetException): thread-local exception mode.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (Init_bigdecimal,
+	  rmpd_set_thread_local_precision_limit, VpGetPrecLimit,
+	  VpSetPrecLimit): thread-local precision limit.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (Init_bigdecimal,
+	  rmpd_set_thread_local_rounding_mode, VpGetRoundMode,
+	  VpSetRoundMode, VpException, VpInternalRound):
+	  thread-local rounding mode.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_mode, BigDecimal_round,
+	  VpIsRoundMode, VpGetRoundMode, VpSetRoundMode, VpActiveRound,
+	  VpMidRound, VpLeftRound), ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.h:
+	  use unsigned short for rounding mode.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_mode): add test for
+	  setting rounding mode.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (test_thread_local_mode):
+	  add test for setting mode thread-locally.
+
+Thu Aug 26 07:29:54 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_{shuffle_bang,sample}): use Random class object.
+
+	* random.c (try_get_rnd): use default_rand for Random as same as
+	  singleton methods.
+
+	* random.c (rb_random_real): check the range of result.
+
+Wed Aug 25 22:11:11 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_binread): Pathname#binread translated
+	  from pathname.rb.
+
+Wed Aug 25 03:42:43 2010  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/dl/cfunc.c (rb_dlcfunc_call): workaround for VC9 for x64.
+	  reported by kuwamoto shintaro in [ruby-dev:42125].
+
+Tue Aug 24 23:28:50 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* .gitignore: updated.
+
+Tue Aug 24 22:07:28 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c (path_read): Pathname#read translated from
+	  pathname.rb.
+
+Tue Aug 24 10:11:04 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: read API version from include/ruby/version.h.
+
+	* {bcc,win}32/setup.mak (-version-): ditto.
+
+	* version.h (RUBY_LIB_VERSION): use API version numbers.
+
+Tue Aug 24 07:07:28 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_shuffle_bang, rb_ary_sample): add optional
+	  argument random.  [ruby-dev:41923] [EXPERIMENTAL]
+
+	* random.c (rb_random_{int32,real,bytes}): fallback to normal
+	  method invocation.
+
+Tue Aug 24 06:08:10 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/version.h (RUBY_API_VERSION_*): renamed and moved
+	  from version.h.  [ruby-dev:42103]
+
+Tue Aug 24 05:58:18 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ChangeLog: flushed.  [ruby-dev:42050]
+
 Tue Aug 24 01:14:58 2010  Kenta Murata <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
 
 	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_to_f): to_f must underflow
@@ -663,7 +12814,7 @@ Thu Aug  5 22:09:30 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 Thu Aug  5 21:20:31 2010  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
 
 	* compile.c (NODE_ARGSCAT, NODE_ARGSPUSH): drop unused ARGSCAT
-	  results when poped is true.  [ruby-dev:41933], [Bug #3658]
+	  results when popped is true.  [ruby-dev:41933], [Bug #3658]
 	  This is retry of r28870 and r28873 which were reverted.
 
 Thu Aug  5 20:13:49 2010  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
@@ -2146,7 +14297,7 @@ Thu Jun 10 09:10:08 2010  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Wed Jun  9 22:51:50 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 
-	* time.c (find_time_t): always outerpolate from past.
+	* time.c (find_time_t): always extrapolate from past.
 	  [ruby-core:30672] reported by Benoit Daloze.
 
 Wed Jun  9 22:13:08 2010  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
@@ -10212,7 +22363,7 @@ Tue Sep 29 22:19:36 2009  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 
 Tue Sep 29 21:16:35 2009  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* io.c (rb_scan_open_args): add UTF8-MAC to no-convertion encoding.
+	* io.c (rb_scan_open_args): add UTF8-MAC to no-conversion encoding.
 
 Tue Sep 29 21:21:15 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
@@ -21561,7 +33712,7 @@ Thu Dec 25 14:51:43 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 Thu Dec 25 14:32:23 2008  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
 
 	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_method_search): fix control flow bug.
-	  (commited at r20981)
+	  (committed at r20981)
 
 Thu Dec 25 13:28:20 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
@@ -59623,7 +71774,7 @@ Wed Mar  1 17:13:37 2006  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Thu Mar  2 17:54:45 2006  Hirokazu Yamamoto  <ocean@m2.ccsnet.ne.jp>
 
-	* gc.c: commited magic for reducing RVALUE size on windows. (24->20byte)
+	* gc.c: committed magic for reducing RVALUE size on windows. (24->20byte)
 	  [ruby-core:7474]
 
 Thu Mar  2 14:12:26 2006  Tanaka Akira  <akr@m17n.org>
@@ -61610,7 +73761,7 @@ Fri Oct 21 15:42:28 2005  Hirokazu Yamamoto  <ocean@m2.ccsnet.ne.jp>
 
 	* ext/socket/extconf.rb: BeOS is only one platform should call
 	  closesocket, so check __BEOS__ macro directly. (I was worried
-	  accidently HAVE_CLOSESOCKET is defined on windows again because
+	  accidentally HAVE_CLOSESOCKET is defined on windows again because
 	  it has it)
 
 	* ext/socket/{getaddrinfo.c,socket.c}: ditto.
@@ -61619,7 +73770,7 @@ Fri Oct 21 15:42:28 2005  Hirokazu Yamamoto  <ocean@m2.ccsnet.ne.jp>
 
 Fri Oct 21 15:23:23 2005  Hirokazu Yamamoto  <ocean@m2.ccsnet.ne.jp>
 
-	* bignum.c (bignew_1): convertion from `int' to `char' discards
+	* bignum.c (bignew_1): conversion from `int' to `char' discards
 	  upper bits, (ie. (char)0xff00 -> 0) so it's better to test if
 	  nonzero and set 0 or 1 instead of simply casting ... as a flag usage.
 	  (but I believe this won't cause actual bug in current implementation)
@@ -62786,7 +74937,7 @@ Mon Sep 12 20:32:00 2005  Hirokazu Yamamoto  <ocean@m2.ccsnet.ne.jp>
 
 Mon Sep 12 19:58:53 2005  Hirokazu Yamamoto  <ocean@m2.ccsnet.ne.jp>
 
-	* dln.c: avoid warning of const to non-const convertion.
+	* dln.c: avoid warning of const to non-const conversion.
 	  [ruby-dev:27041]
 
 	* eval.c, io.c, ruby.c: ditto.
@@ -64766,7 +76917,7 @@ Tue May 31 15:52:45 2005  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
 	  break the loop if the socket reached to EOF. [ruby-talk:142285]
 
 	* lib/webrick/httpserver.rb (WEBrick::HTTPServer#run): send response
-	  without reading the whole request body if keep-alive is diabled.
+	  without reading the whole request body if keep-alive is disabled.
 	  [experimental]
 
 Mon May 30 23:48:29 2005  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
@@ -64788,7 +76939,7 @@ Sat May 28 16:39:21 2005  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
 Sat May 28 05:15:44 2005  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
 
 	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c (ossl_x509stctx_set_time): should
-	  not set internal flag directry.
+	  not set internal flag directory.
 
 Sat May 28 02:00:11 2005  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
 
@@ -65011,7 +77162,7 @@ Sun May 22 21:54:06 2005  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Sun May 22 19:11:35 2005  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
 
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (OpenSSL::SSL::SSLServer#intialize):
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb (OpenSSL::SSL::SSLServer#initialize):
 	  should initialize session id context. [ruby-core:4663]
 
 	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_sslctx_setup): add session id support.
@@ -70450,7 +82601,7 @@ Sat Sep 18 14:10:23 2004  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* dir.c (dir_s_chdir): avoid memory leak and unnecessary chdir to
 	  the original directory when exception has caused in changing
-	  direcotry or within block.  thanks to Johan Holmberg
+	  directory or within block.  thanks to Johan Holmberg
 	  <holmberg@iar.se> [ruby-core:03446]
 
 Fri Sep 17 20:29:33 2004  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
@@ -71004,7 +83155,7 @@ Thu Aug 19 16:29:45 2004  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: Fail to treat a hash value of 'font' option.
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: bindinfo cannot return '%' substiturion infomation.
+	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: bindinfo cannot return '%' substiturion information.
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/menu.rb: typo bug.
 
@@ -71433,7 +83584,7 @@ Wed Jul 14 18:05:21 2004  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
 Wed Jul 14 12:20:05 2004  Hirokazu Yamamoto  <ocean@m2.ccsnet.ne.jp>
 
 	* util.c (ruby_strtod): should not convert string in the form of
-	  "-I.FE-X" which both "I" and "F" are ommitted. [ruby-dev:23883]
+	  "-I.FE-X" which both "I" and "F" are omitted. [ruby-dev:23883]
 
 	* test/ruby/test_float.rb (test_strtod): add test for bug fix.
 
@@ -72147,7 +84298,7 @@ Sat May 22 11:54:10 2004  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Sat May 22 05:37:11 2004  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
-	* ext/tk/lib/remote-tk.rb: (NEW library) controll Tk interpreters
+	* ext/tk/lib/remote-tk.rb: (NEW library) control Tk interpreters
 	  on the other processes by Tcl/Tk's 'send' command
 
 Fri May 21 09:22:05 2004  Dave Thomas  <dave@pragprog.com>
@@ -73456,10 +85607,10 @@ Wed Mar 17 00:22:03 2004  Kazuo Saito  <ksaito@uranus.dti.ne.jp>
 Tue Mar 16 11:14:17 2004  Hirokazu Yamamoto  <ocean@m2.ccsnet.ne.jp>
 
 	* dir.c (fnmatch_helper): File.fnmatch('\.', '.') should return true.
-	  (Rev1.112 lost compatiblity)
+	  (Rev1.112 lost compatibility)
 
 	* dir.c (fnmatch_helper): File.fnmatch('\/', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME)
-	  should return true. (Rev1.112 lost compatiblity)
+	  should return true. (Rev1.112 lost compatibility)
 
 	* dir.c (fnmatch): File.fnmatch('**/.boo', '.foo/.boo',
 	  File::FNM_PATHNAME) should return false because of leading period.
@@ -74283,7 +86434,7 @@ Mon Feb 16 22:22:00 2004  Gavin Sinclair  <gsinclair@soyabean.com.au>
 
 Mon Feb 16 20:28:52 2004  Hirokazu Yamamoto  <ocean@m2.ccsnet.ne.jp>
 
-	* bcc32/Makefile.sub: show more warnings. (refering to mingw)
+	* bcc32/Makefile.sub: show more warnings. (referring to mingw)
 
 	* bcc32/setup.mak: ditto.
 
@@ -74341,7 +86492,7 @@ Mon Feb 16 12:29:10 2004  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 Mon Feb 16 10:29:52 2004  Hirokazu Yamamoto  <ocean@m2.ccsnet.ne.jp>
 
 	* dir.c (CompareImpl): File.fnmatch and Dir.glob get better performance
-	  in Win32. This is achived by calling downcase() for single-byte
+	  in Win32. This is achieved by calling downcase() for single-byte
 	  characters. (CharLower() is slower than downcase())
 
 Mon Feb 16 02:14:29 2004  Hirokazu Yamamoto  <ocean@m2.ccsnet.ne.jp>
@@ -74410,7 +86561,7 @@ Sat Feb 14 11:14:12 2004  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
 
 Fri Feb 13 21:51:00 2004  Gavin Sinclair  <gsinclair@soyabean.com.au>
 
-	* lib/fileutils.rb: slighly improved documentation (sync with 1.8)
+	* lib/fileutils.rb: slightly improved documentation (sync with 1.8)
 
 Fri Feb 13 19:57:01 2004  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
 
@@ -74726,7 +86877,7 @@ Sun Feb  1 18:21:00 2004  Gavin Sinclair  <gsinclair@soyabean.com.au>
 Sun Feb  1 05:30:06 2004  Tanaka Akira  <akr@m17n.org>
 
 	* lib/open-uri.rb (URI::Generic#find_proxy): warn HTTP_PROXY.
-	 raise an errror on non-http proxy URI.
+	 raise an error on non-http proxy URI.
 	 (OpenURI::Buffer#<<): make a tempfile binmode.  [ruby-talk:90793]
 
 Sun Feb  1 00:57:41 2004  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
@@ -77028,7 +89179,7 @@ Thu Nov 27 22:05:48 2003  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 Thu Nov 27 17:36:42 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tkafter.rb: bug fix on TkTimer#cancel_on_exception=(mode).
-	  TkTimer#wait recieves the exception of the callback.
+	  TkTimer#wait receives the exception of the callback.
 	  The exception is kept on @return_value.
 
 Thu Nov 27 16:58:48 2003  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
@@ -79925,7 +92076,7 @@ Mon Sep  1 16:59:10 2003  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (rb_thread_start_0): should not error_print() within
 	  terminated thread, because $stderr used by it might be
-	  overriden now.  [ruby-dev:21280]
+	  overridden now.  [ruby-dev:21280]
 
 Sun Aug 31 22:46:55 2003  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
 
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog-2.0.0 b/doc/ChangeLog-2.0.0
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b51d742203
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog-2.0.0
@@ -0,0 +1,24015 @@
+Fri Feb  8 19:56:54 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_dup): reverted r39004.  see [Bug #7768], and
+	  release manager finally decided to revert it.
+
+Fri Feb  8 16:09:45 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_ensure): preserve errinfo across ensure proc before
+	  JUMP_TAG().  [ruby-core:52022] [Bug #7802]
+
+Fri Feb  8 16:08:28 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (assert_separately): check also terminating
+	  signal not only if core dumped.
+
+Fri Feb  8 13:12:04 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/generator/darkfish.rb:  Set encoding on output template to
+	  user-specified encoding.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_generator_darkfish.rb:  Test for above.
+
+	* lib/rdoc.rb:  Bump version
+
+Fri Feb  8 11:53:33 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/security/policy.rb:  Raise proper exceptions when
+	  verifying unsigned gems (instead of crashing).
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_security_policy.rb:  Tests for the above.
+
+Fri Feb  8 10:44:44 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_dependency_installer.rb:  Improve coverage of
+	  --install-dir feature of gem install.
+
+Fri Feb  8 10:11:09 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/config_file.rb:  Add missing require for
+	  user_interaction.rb
+
+	* lib/rubygems/dependency_installer.rb:  Minor refactor for clarity.
+
+Fri Feb  8 09:35:17 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#configuration): set all ruby names.
+	  hdrdir now needs RUBY_VERSION_NAME.
+
+Fri Feb  8 08:58:26 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/package/old.rb:  Fix loading old format gems on ruby
+	  1.8.  This commit is only so trunk and rubygems master have the same
+	  code.
+
+Fri Feb  8 08:53:27 2013  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: fixing string quotation
+	  when dumping Ruby strings. Thanks Ingy
+
+	* test/psych/test_psych.rb: appropriate tests.
+
+	* test/psych/test_yaml.rb: ditto
+
+Fri Feb  8 08:50:42 2013  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: change output reference
+	  ids to be sequential numbers.
+
+Fri Feb  8 07:47:56 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/package/old.rb:  Disallow installation of old-format
+	  gems when a security policy is active.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_package_old.rb:  Test for above.
+
+Fri Feb  8 07:34:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb (HTTP.post_form): Fix module scope in documentation
+	  Patch by David Albert [Bug #7794] [ruby-core:51955]
+
+Fri Feb  8 07:33:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* compar.c (cmp_equal): Document ignored exception and return false
+	  By Makoto Kishimoto [Bug #7790] [ruby-dev:46925] [ruby-dev:46910]
+
+Fri Feb  8 07:17:00 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/dependency_installer.rb:  Only install local gems if
+	  they end in '.gem'.  Fixes github rubygems issue #407.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_dependency_installer.rb:  Test for the above.
+
+Fri Feb  8 00:02:48 2013  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (obj2gid): use getgrnam_r() only if getgrnam_r() and
+	  _SC_GETGR_R_SIZE_MAX is available.
+	  MirOS BSD (MirBSD 10 GENERIC#1382 i386) have getgrnam_r() but
+	  no _SC_GETGR_R_SIZE_MAX.
+	  (obj2uid): use getpwnam_r() only if getpwnam_r() and
+	  _SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX is available.
+	  This is consistency for obj2gid.
+	  MirOS BSD have neither getpwnam_r() nor _SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX.
+
+Thu Feb  7 22:01:18 2013  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* configure.in: define linker for shared library on MirOS BSD.
+
+Thu Feb  7 21:09:23 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_config_file.rb
+	  (TestGemConfigFile#test_check_credentials_permissions): skip on
+	  Windows. see [Bug #7784] [ruby-core:51864] and r39070.
+
+Thu Feb  7 20:52:40 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (config.status): added variables which were
+	  missing at r39130.
+
+Thu Feb  7 15:33:17 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#merge_libs): insert following reversal
+	  ordered elements just after the duplicated element, not overwriting
+	  successive elements.  [ruby-core:50314] [Bug #7467]
+
+Thu Feb  7 14:56:15 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/package.rb:  Ensure digests are generated for signing.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_package.rb:  Test for the above.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/security/policy.rb:  Ensure digests are present when
+	  verifying a gem and match the number of signatures bidirectionally.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_security_policy.rb:  Test for the above.
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb:  Documentation improvements (by zzak)
+
+Thu Feb  7 05:52:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* doc/pty/README: Remove static documentation file
+	* ext/pty/pty.c: Add License to PTY module overview
+
+Thu Feb  7 02:31:10 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: attr_writer should return its argument [Bug #7773]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_basicinstructions.rb: Test for above
+
+Thu Feb  7 01:35:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* doc/security.rdoc: Link to japanese version of CVE page patch by
+	  nagachika
+
+Wed Feb  6 23:30:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* doc/pty/README.expect: Removed static documentation file
+	* ext/pty/lib/expect.rb: Documentation for IO#expect
+
+Wed Feb  6 22:25:00 2013  Charlie Somerville  <charlie@charliesomerville.com>
+
+	* hash.c (env_reject_bang): hide keys array from ObjectSpace
+	* hash.c (env_select_bang): ditto
+
+Wed Feb  6 17:33:01 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (multiarch): add option to move architecture dependent
+	  directories.  [Feature #6111]
+
+	* template/ruby.pc.in: add arch dependent paths.
+
+	* configure.in (rubyarchhdrdir, sitearchhdrdir, vendorarchhdrdir): add
+	  options to customize architecture dependent header directories.
+
+	* configure.in (rubyarchprefix, sitearchdir, vendorarchdir): add
+	  options to customize architecture dependent library directories.
+
+	* template/ruby.pc.in, tool/mkconfig.rb, tool/rbinstall.rb: use
+	  configured values.
+
+	* tool/mkconfig.rb: expand rubyarchdir to extract prefix.
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_VERSION_NAME), template/ruby.pc.in: add
+	  substitution and define.
+
+	* configure.in, version.c: parametric architecture name for paths.
+
+	* configure.in (shvar_to_cpp): convert sh variable references
+	  by replacing with string literal forms in cpp.
+
+Wed Feb  6 17:05:26 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc:  Import RDoc 4.0.0.rc.2
+
+Mon Feb  4 02:22:49 2013  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_setsid): ensure to call
+	  Process.wait(). Reported by George Koehler. Thanks.
+
+Mon Feb  4 02:18:00 2013  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_setsid): skip when platform is
+	  OpenBSD. Contributed from George Koehler.
+	  [Bug #7789] [ruby-core:51889]
+
+Wed Feb  6 13:35:20 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_method_entry_location, rb_{mod,obj}_method_location): new
+	  functions to obtain source location of method definition.
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_obj_respond_to): show the location of old style
+	  respond_to? method.
+
+Wed Feb  6 13:03:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* doc/security.rdoc: Add link to CVEs on ruby-lang.org/en/security
+
+Wed Feb  6 12:49:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* NEWS: Add note about removal of CSV::load and CSV::dump from r39077
+
+Wed Feb  6 05:57:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/racc/parser.rb: Hide copyright notice from Racc doc
+
+Wed Feb  6 05:50:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* doc/rubygems/*: Removed outdated documentation files
+	* lib/rubygems/LICENSE.txt: Include license file
+	* lib/rubygems.rb: Move Gem module documentation so rdoc can parse it
+	  and link to LICENSE.txt
+	* lib/rubygems/*: Hide useless documentation from Gem module rdoc
+
+Wed Feb  6 03:45:19 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* doc/security.rdoc: Remove documentation for unsafe CSV.load which
+	  was deleted in r39077
+
+Wed Feb  6 03:27:19 2013  James Edward Gray II  <james@graysoftinc.com>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb: Remove the dangerous serialization feature.
+
+Wed Feb  6 00:56:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/irb.rb: Remove example from restrictions, it works [Github #246]
+	  Based on patch by Ryunosuke SATO
+
+Wed Feb  6 00:46:53 2013  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_stack_to_heap): call rb_vm_get_binding_creatable_next_cfp
+	  instead of rb_vm_get_ruby_level_next_cfp to prevent a segfault by
+	  calling Kernel#callcc. See r39067 for more details.
+	  [ruby-dev:46908] [ruby-trunk - Bug #7774]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test.
+
+Tue Feb  5 18:48:00 2013  Charlie Somerville  <charlie@charliesomerville.com>
+
+	* doc/security.rdoc: add regex, eval and drb sections
+
+Tue Feb  5 17:24:02 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/servlet.rb:  Fixed root search paths, filesystem paths
+	  instead of HTTP paths were returned.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_servlet.rb:  Test for above.
+
+Tue Feb  5 16:37:00 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/config_file.rb:  Ignore permissions check on windows.
+	  Windows writes 0600 file as 0644 permissions making the check
+	  useless.
+
+Tue Feb  5 16:25:25 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_obj_respond_to): drop optional include_all flag if
+	  respond_to? method is defined in old style.  [Bug #7722]
+
+Tue Feb 05 15:04:34 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_binding_new_with_cfp): permit to create binding object
+	  of IFUNC frame.
+	  When `rb_binding_new_with_cfp()' is called, VM finds out the first
+	  normal (has iseq) frame and create a binding object of this frame
+	  and create Env objects. `ep's of related frames are updated
+	  (`ep's point Env object managed spaces).
+	  However, `ep' of skipped IFUNC frame was not updated and
+	  old invalid `ep' was remained. It causes serious problems.
+	  To solve this issue, permit IFUNC to create binding.
+	  (Maybe there is no problem on it)
+	  [ruby-dev:46908] [ruby-trunk - Bug #7774]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test.
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_get_binding_creatable_next_cfp), vm_core.h: added.
+
+	* vm_trace.c: fix to use `rb_vm_get_binding_creatable_next_cfp()'.
+
+Tue Feb  5 14:43:15 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Fix error message, patch by pypypy [Bug #7777]
+
+Tue Feb  5 14:36:04 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_pow): Handle special cases when base is 0, -1 or +1
+	  [Bug #5713] [Bug #5715]
+
+	* rational.c (nurat_expt): ditto
+
+Tue Feb  5 13:27:53 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/console.c (rawmode_opt): use default values by `stty
+	  raw`.
+
+Tue Feb  5 12:50:47 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* range.c: Use div instead of / for bsearch
+
+	* test/ruby/test_range.rb: Test showing bug when requiring mathn
+
+Tue Feb  5 12:48:38 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* enumerator.c: Use to_enum for Enumerable methods returning
+	  Enumerators.
+	  This makes Lazy#cycle no longer needed, so it was removed.
+	  Make Enumerator#chunk and slice_before return lazy Enumerators.
+	  [Bug #7715]
+
+	* internal.h: Remove ref to rb_enum_cycle_size; no longer needed
+
+	* enum.c: Make enum_cycle_size static.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_lazy_enumerator.rb: Test for above
+
+Tue Feb  5 12:48:10 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* enumerator.c: Finalize and document Lazy.new. [Bug #7248]
+	  Add Lazy#to_enum and simplify Lazy#size.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_lazy_enumerator.rb: tests for above
+
+Tue Feb  5 11:35:35 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/push_command.rb:  Fixed credential download for
+	  `gem push --host`
+	* lib/rubygems/gemcutter_utilities.rb:  ditto.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_push_command.rb:  Test for the above.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_gemcutter_utilities.rb:  ditto.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/config_file.rb:  Abort if the `gem push` credentials
+	  file has insecure permissions.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_config_file.rb:  Test for the above.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:  Do not look for Gemfile, Isolate, etc.
+	  while building gem extensions.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/package.rb:  Unset spec and files list if a gem's
+	  signatures cannot be verified.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_package.rb:  Test for the above.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/specification.rb:  Reduce use of eval.
+	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb:  ditto.
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_specification.rb:  Test setting
+	  specification_version for legacy gems.  Dup Gem.ruby before
+	  untainting in case it's frozen.
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb:  Reduce use of eval.  Only read files when looking
+	  for Gemfile, Isolate, etc.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem.rb:  Test for the above.
+
+Tue Feb  5 10:15:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* doc/security.rdoc: Wrap security guide at 80 columns
+
+Tue Feb  5 10:15:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* doc/security.rdoc: Grammatical error on security guide
+	  Patch by Josh Bassett [Github fixes #245]
+
+Tue Feb  5 10:00:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/racc/parser.rb: Update #do_parse and #yyparse from upstream
+	  See [Github tenderlove/racc@7d954b5]
+
+Tue Feb  5 09:55:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/racc: Merge Racc documentation downstream, add grammar ref file
+
+Tue Feb  5 08:03:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/irb.rb, lib/irb/ext/save-history.rb: Add documentation on how to
+	  enabled irb history [ruby-core:51347] [Bug #7679]
+
+Tue Feb  5 07:35:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/irb.rb, lib/irb/context.rb: Add documentation on how to enable
+	  auto-indentation and autocompletion using irbrc and irb_context
+	  [ruby-core:51209] [Bug #7642] and [ruby-core:51348] [Bug #7680]
+
+Tue Feb  5 05:20:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* doc/standard_library.rdoc: Document list of libraries and extensions
+	  and their purpose or short description
+	* lib/README: Remove lib/README in favor of doc/standard_library.rdoc
+
+Tue Feb  5 04:40:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* ext/json/lib/json.rb: Move module overview definition for rdoc
+
+Tue Feb  5 03:00:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/tracer.rb: Move class overview definition and reformat
+
+Mon Feb  4 15:10:10 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/console.c (rawmode_opt): initialize options for the
+	  case all options are not given.
+
+Mon Feb  4 12:44:13 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (control_frame_dump): capitalize prefix of `ep'
+	  if `ep' points an env object.
+
+Mon Feb  4 04:20:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/English.rb: Add English module for RDoc to parse, then
+	  remove_const to avoid confusion. Include full list of aliases and
+	  their associated global variable.
+
+Mon Feb  4 02:40:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/yaml.rb (YAML::EngineManager): Documentation for #yamler and
+	  #yamler= for using the removed Syck gem as the YAML::ENGINE
+
+Sun Feb  3 16:54:27 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/console/io-console.gemspec: bump.  [Bug #7762]
+
+	* test/io/console/test_io_console.rb (test_stringio_getch): use more
+	  descriptive assertions.
+
+	* ext/io/console/console.c (rawmode_opt): min is minimum characters,
+	  not tenths.
+
+Sun Feb  3 16:13:00 2013  Charlie Somerville  <charlie@charliesomerville.com>
+
+	* doc/security.rdoc: add first cut at a Ruby security document
+
+Sun Feb  3 10:25:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* random.c: Document range argument for Kernel#rand.
+	  [ruby-core:51794] [Bug #7770]
+
+Sun Feb  3 10:00:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* numeric.c: Document Float constants [ruby-core:51484] [Bug #7709]
+
+Sun Feb  3 09:38:44 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/profiler.rb (PROFILE_CALL_PROC, PROFILE_RETURN_PROC): add b_call
+	  and b_return to profile block calls.
+
+	* lib/profiler.rb (PROFILE_CALL_PROC, PROFILE_RETURN_PROC): split
+	  PROFILE_PROC for call and return events.
+
+Sat Feb  2 14:32:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/minitest/mock.rb, lib/minitest/hell.rb: nodoc top-level module
+
+Sat Feb  2 14:05:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/debug.rb: Documentation for DEBUGGER__ class methods based on
+	  patch by Vincent Batts [ruby-core:51253]
+
+Sat Feb  2 13:37:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/net/smtp.rb: Fix rdoc title for Net::SMTP
+
+Sat Feb  2 13:32:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/net/pop.rb: Fix rdoc title for Net::POP3
+
+Sat Feb  2 13:00:11 2013  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* lib/gserver.rb (GServer#start): fix a timing issue.  patch from
+	  Charles Nutter.  [Bug #7081]
+
+Sat Feb  2 12:36:54 2013  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (copy_entry, wrap_traverse): preserve attributes of
+	  directories on FileUtils.cp_r.  The fix was proposed by Jan
+	  Wedekind.  [Bug #7246]
+
+	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb: add a test for above.
+
+Sat Feb  2 12:30:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/uri/ftp.rb (URI::FTP.new2): nodoc method from r39013 [Bug #7301]
+
+Sat Feb  2 12:15:36 2013  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* lib/uri/ftp.rb (URI::FTP.new2): remove the rdoc because it is not
+	  well tested yet.  [Bug #7301]
+
+Sat Feb  2 12:07:41 2013  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* ChangeLog: Forgot to add a reference to the ChangeLog of the
+	  previous commit.
+
+Sat Feb  2 12:05:18 2013  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb: chmod/chmod_R with a string mode (e.g., "+x")
+	  caused error in verbose mode.  [Bug #7373]
+
+	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb: add a test for above.
+
+Sat Feb  2 11:44:42 2013  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* lib/English.rb: Remove some confusing words from rdoc.  [Bug #7406]
+
+Sat Feb  2 10:17:12 2013  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* NEWS: add keyword arguments.
+
+Sat Feb  2 07:45:44 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* proc.c (proc_curry): Fix arity check [Bug #5747]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_proc.rb: Test for above
+
+Sat Feb  2 07:44:15 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* proc.c: Add {*}_min_max_arity and refactor.
+	  [Bug #7765]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_proc.rb: Fix wrong test
+
+Fri Feb  2 00:46:00 2013  Charlie Somerville  <charlie@charliesomerville.com>
+
+	* marshal.c: add security considerations to marshal overview, refer to
+	  overview from Marshal.load documentation [#7759]
+
+Fri Feb  1 23:04:00 2013  Charlie Somerville  <charlie@charliesomerville.com>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_dup): make returned array the same class as the original
+	  array [Bug #7768] [ruby-core:51792]
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb (class TestArray): add test
+
+Fri Feb  1 16:35:34 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (r_object0): prohibit setting instance variables of
+	  existing class/module.
+
+Fri Feb  1 14:34:29 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/readline/extconf.rb, ext/readline/readline.c: check
+	  RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE and RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE directly in
+	  readline.c.  Patch by Zachary Scott.  [Bug #7397] [ruby-core:49561]
+
+Thu Jan 31 21:55:00 2013  Charlie Somerville  <charlie@charliesomerville.com>
+
+	* marshal.c (marshal_load): Add documentation warning against using
+	  Marshal.load on untrusted data [Bug #7759] [ruby-core:51765]
+
+Thu Jan 31 16:33:27 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (local_push_gen): no assigned but unused variable warnings
+	  in eval as well as -e.  [Feature #7730] [ruby-core:51580]
+
+Wed Jan 30 12:30:08 2013  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (test_trap_puts): Fix typo. "sync"
+	  should be "STDOUT.sync".
+
+Thu Jan 31 15:39:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_aset_m): Documentation for String#[]= fix
+	  Raises an IndexError if Regexp match is out of range.
+	  Github fixes #243 Patch by Dmtiriy Budnik
+
+Thu Jan 31 13:54:44 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (rsock_unix_sockaddr_len): return
+	  sizeof(sa_family_t) if path is empty.  see "Autobind Feature" in
+	  unix(7) for details.
+
+	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb (unix_socket_abstract_name?): treat an
+	  empty path as an abstract name.
+
+	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: related test.
+
+Wed Jan 30 20:58:50 2013  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/basicsocket.c (bsock_getsockname): ignore truncated
+	  part of socket address.
+	  (bsock_getpeername): ditto.
+	  (bsock_local_address): ditto.
+	  (bsock_remote_address): ditto.
+
+	* ext/socket/unixsocket.c (unix_path): ditto.
+	  (unix_addr): ditto.
+	  (unix_peeraddr): ditto.
+
+	* ext/socket/init.c (cloexec_accept): ditto.
+
+Wed Jan 30 17:08:20 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/win32.h (fstat): revert r37337, which uses _fstati64()
+	  instead of fstati64() on mingw32.  [Bug #7276]
+
+Wed Jan 30 15:26:37 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/unixsocket.c (rsock_init_unixsock): use rb_inspect()
+	  because rb_sys_fail_str() fails if its argument contains NUL.
+
+	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: related test.
+
+Wed Jan 30 15:21:30 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): show the most important message, Crash
+	  Report log information, first.
+
+Wed Jan 30 15:00:05 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_bsearch): Raise TypeError on bad return from block
+
+	* range.c (range_bsearch): ditto
+
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb (class): Test for above
+
+	* test/ruby/test_range.rb (class): ditto
+
+Wed Jan 30 14:46:28 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* range.c: Restrict bsearch to integers [#7728]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_range.rb: Test for above
+
+Wed Jan 30 14:10:52 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_bsearch): Return enumerator if no block [#7725]
+
+	* range.c (range_bsearch): ditto
+
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb: Test for above
+
+	* test/ruby/test_range.rb: ditto
+
+Wed Jan 30 13:53:43 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Take conjugate for inner product
+	  [rubyspec:5a01ad5719f2] [ruby-dev:46101]
+
+Wed Jan 30 13:22:05 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (local_push_gen): warn assigned but unused variables also in
+	  toplevel, except for -e option.  [Feature #7730] [ruby-core:51580]
+
+Wed Jan 30 13:17:53 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cont.c (cont_restore_thread): svar should be separate per fibers.
+	  [ruby-core:51331] [Bug #7678]
+
+Wed Jan 30 07:15:04 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* re.c (reg_operand): Simplify and reuse error handling [Bug #7539]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb: Test for above
+
+Wed Jan 30 07:00:16 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* object.c: Improve error for failed implicit conversions [Bug #7539]
+
+	* error.c: Adapt rdoc
+
+	* test/ruby/test_object.rb: Test for above
+
+Tue Jan 29 21:40:12 2013  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http/generic_request.rb (encode_multipart_form_data): remove
+	  tempfile explicitly.
+
+Tue Jan 29 19:27:18 2013  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c: Improve documentation about
+	  comparison by hash for concerned methods. [ruby-core:51266]
+
+Tue Jan 29 17:03:28 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c: fix issue of rb_debug_inspector_open().
+	  The order of making binding should be stack (frame) top to bottom.
+	  [Bug #7635]
+	  And also fix issue of collecting klass. Collecting klass is same
+	  as TracePoint#defined_class.
+	  (previous version, it returns T_ICLASS (internal objects).
+
+	* test/-ext-/debug/test_debug.rb: add a test.
+
+	* ext/-test-/debug/extconf.rb, init.c, inspector.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c: remove magic number and add enum CALLER_BINDING_*.
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c, include/ruby/debug.h: add new C api (experimental)
+	  rb_debug_inspector_frame_self_get().
+
+	* vm.c, vm_core.h, vm_trace.c: move decl. of
+	  rb_vm_control_frame_id_and_class() and constify first parameter.
+
+Tue Jan 29 16:50:58 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_tracepoint_enable, rb_tracepoint_disable): check safe
+	  level as well as set_trace_func.
+
+	* vm_trace.c (set_trace_func, thread_{add,set}_trace_func_m): check
+	  safe level as well as 1.8.
+
+Tue Jan 29 16:49:19 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (rb_mod_method_arity): return original arity of the method if
+	  aliased because of visibility change, like as Method#arity.
+
+Tue Jan 29 12:05:18 2013  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_marshal.rb: remove temporally files early.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb: ditto.
+
+	* test/psych/test_exception.rb: ditto.
+
+Tue Jan 29 09:26:20 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (sock_s_pack_sockaddr_un): calculate the
+	  correct address length of an abstract socket.
+
+	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: related test.
+
+Mon Jan 28 18:02:16 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c (rb_debug_inspector_frame_{class,binding,iseq}_get):
+	  use long as index as well as RARRAY_LEN().
+
+Mon Jan 28 17:51:38 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (assert_separately): imply no core dump.
+
+Mon Jan 28 12:32:31 2013  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* ext/fcntl/fcntl.c: update document.  use "file descriptor" instead
+	  of "file handle" because it is not used other Ruby documents and
+	  it is confusing with Windows file handle.
+	  correct F_DUPFD behavior.
+
+Sat Jan 26 22:39:12 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (w_object): dump instance variables of the result of
+	  marshal_dump not the original object.  [ruby-core:51163] [Bug #7627]
+
+	* complex.c (nucomp_marshal_dump): need to copy instance variables.
+
+	* rational.c (nurat_marshal_dump): ditto.
+
+Sat Jan 26 13:35:56 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/fcntl/fcntl.c:  Document Fcntl constants
+
+Sat Jan 26 12:54:40 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_env_size):  Restored documentation for ENV.size
+
+	* lib/drb/drb.rb:  Documented DRb::DRb#run.
+
+	* lib/erb.rb (class ERB):  Improved documentation of ERb.
+
+	* transcode.c:  Documented Encoding::Converter constants.
+
+Sat Jan 26 10:09:57 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/webrick/accesslog.rb:  Improved WEBrick documentation.
+	* lib/webrick/cgi.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/config.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/cookie.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/httpauth/authenticator.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/httpauth/basicauth.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/httpauth/digestauth.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/httpproxy.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/httprequest.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/httpresponse.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/https.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/httpserver.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/cgihandler.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/filehandler.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/prochandler.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/httputils.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/httpversion.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/log.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/server.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/ssl.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/utils.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/webrick/version.rb:  ditto.
+
+Sat Jan 26 08:29:33 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo (rsock_unix_sockaddr_len): renamed from
+	  rsock_unixpath_len, because it returns not the length of the path,
+	  but the length of a socket address for the path.
+
+Sat Jan 26 01:12:23 2013  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_ioctl_linux): skip if a platform is
+	  not x86 because linux ioctl request number depend on cpu arch.
+	  At least, alpha, mips, sparc and ppc have a different number.
+	  [Bug #7718] [ruby-core:51544]
+
+Fri Jan 25 19:14:24 2013  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: use TlsAlloc instead of __declspec(thread)
+	  to avoid SEGV if win32ole.so loaded with LoadLibrary in Windows
+	  XP or earlier.
+
+Fri Jan 25 16:47:31 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/raddrinfo.c (rsock_unixpath_len, init_unix_addrinfo),
+	  ext/socket/unixsocket.c (unixsock_connect_internal,
+	  rsock_init_unixsock): calculate the correct address length of
+	  an abstract socket.  Without this fix, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un)
+	  is specified as the length of an abstract socket for bind(2) or
+	  connect(2), so the address of the socket is filled with extra NUL
+	  characters.  See unix(7) for details.
+
+	* ext/socket/lib/socket.rb (unix_server_socket): don't access the
+	  file system if the platform is Linux and path starts with NUL,
+	  which means that the socket is an abstract socket.
+
+	* test/socket/test_unix.rb: related test.
+
+Fri Jan 25 13:02:27 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/drb/drb.rb:  Updated documentation based on patch from Vincent
+	  Batts.  [ruby-trunk - Bug #7714]
+	* lib/drb/ssl.rb:  ditto.
+
+Fri Jan 25 12:23:29 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/drb/drb.rb:  Improved documentation by adding or hiding methods.
+	* lib/drb/eq.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/drb/extserv.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/drb/gw.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/drb/invokemethod.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/drb/observer.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/drb/ssl.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/drb/timeridconv.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/drb/unix.rb:  ditto.
+
+	* sample/drb/gw_cu.rb:  Fixed bug in DRb gateway sample.
+
+Fri Jan 25 12:01:56 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: modify a comment about rb_iseq_t::local_size.
+	  A patch by davidbalbert (David Albert) [Bug #6750]
+
+Fri Jan 25 10:36:31 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb:  Documented MakeMakefile constants.  Hide implementation
+	  details from RDoc
+
+Fri Jan 25 10:04:07 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/compatibility.rb:  Hide compatibility shims from RDoc
+
+	* lib/rubygems/config_file.rb:  Hide RbConfig use from RDoc
+
+	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb:  Added note to use realpath when 1.8
+	  support is dropped.
+
+Fri Jan 25 09:14:43 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/generator/darkfish.rb:  Fixed debug message.  RDoc bug #174
+	  by Thomas Leitner.
+
+	* lib/rdoc/store.rb:  Fixed deletion of ri attribute data when a class
+	  was loaded then saved.  RDoc bug #171 by Thomas Leitner.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_store.rb:  Test for above.
+
+Thu Jan 24 19:55:25 2013  Shota Fukumori  <her@sorah.jp>
+
+	* NEWS (yaml): Write about bundled libyaml.
+
+Thu Jan 24 16:54:34 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/calling_methods.rdoc:  Added a Method Lookup section.
+	* doc/syntax/refinements.rdoc (Method Lookup):  Clarified that
+	  refinement methods are looked up in classes, not instances.
+
+Thu Jan 24 16:49:17 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* enum.c (enum_zip): Fix error message
+
+	* array.c (take_items): Same, for Array#zip
+
+Thu Jan 24 16:47:26 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* enumerator.c (lazy_zip): raise error for bad arguments
+	  [Bug #7706]
+
+Thu Jan 24 16:05:08 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* enumerator.c: Optimize Lazy#zip when passed only arrays
+	  [Bug #7706]
+
+Thu Jan 24 15:21:17 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* enumerator.c: Fix state handling for Lazy#zip,{drop_take}{_while}
+	  [bug #7696] [bug #7691]
+
+Thu Jan 24 11:43:47 2013  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* eval.c (f_current_dirname): Add documentation about "__dir__
+	  returns always an absolute path". [Bug #7729]
+
+Thu Jan 24 10:28:30 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* NEWS (RDoc):  Added mention of page support and markdown support.
+
+Thu Jan 24 09:40:13 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/refinements.rdoc:  Added refinements document based on
+	  the specification from the wiki.
+	* doc/syntax.rdoc:  Added link to refinements document.
+
+Wed Jan 23 16:29:09 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_spawn, rb_w32_aspawn_flags): fix missing
+	  initialization.  pointed out by phasis68 (Heesob Park) at
+	  [ruby-core:51579].  [Bug #7721]
+
+Wed Jan 23 16:18:04 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#try_constant): fix for large unsigned.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#try_constant): fix for larger constants.
+
+	* test/mkmf/test_constant.rb: tests for try_constant.
+	  TODO: define check_constant and use it.
+
+Wed Jan 23 13:35:37 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (ruby_init_stack): ignore `STACK_END_ADDRESS'
+	  if Ruby interpreter is running on co-routine.
+	  [Feature #2294]
+	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/2294#note-18
+
+Wed Jan 23 12:28:22 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_spawn, rb_w32_aspawn_flags): check the results
+	  of acp_to_wstr() which can return NULL.  [ruby-core:51557] [Bug #7721]
+
+Wed Jan 23 10:40:49 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/assignment.rdoc (Implicit Array Assignment):  Clarify
+	  that "left-hand side" means "of the assignment".  Suggested by Jorge
+	  Dias.
+	* doc/syntax/assignment.rdoc (Multiple Assignment):  ditto.
+
+Wed Jan 23 10:34:47 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/assignment.rdoc (Local Variables and Methods):  Fixed
+	  example showing caching of a method's results into a local variable.
+	  Added not about using an explicit receiver to call a method that
+	  matches a local variable.  Suggested by markov_twain on twitter.
+
+Wed Jan 23 10:20:08 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/README:  Fixed typo.  Patch by Pradeep Sahoo.
+	  Fixes #240 on github
+
+Wed Jan 23 09:53:39 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/servlet.rb:  Fixed display of site and home documentation.
+	  Fixes rdoc issue #170 by Thomas Leitner.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_servlet.rb:  Test for above.
+
+	* lib/rdoc/code_object.rb:  Split #initialize_visibility from
+	  #initialize for reuse when loading a stored object.
+	  Fixes rdoc issue #171 by Thomas Leitner.
+
+	* lib/rdoc/any_method.rb:  Initialize visibility for #display?  For
+	  rdoc issue #171
+	* lib/rdoc/attr.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/rdoc/class_module.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/rdoc/top_level.rb:  ditto.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_any_method.rb:  Test for above.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_attr.rb:  ditto.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_class_module.rb:  ditto.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_constant.rb:  ditto.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_top_level.rb:  ditto.
+
+Wed Jan 23 06:43:26 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb:  Use Dir.tmpdir for rubygems tests instead
+	  of ./tmp/test.  Fixes [ruby-trunk - Bug #7717]
+
+Tue Jan 22 22:58:03 2013  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-electric.el (ruby-electric-curlies): Fix the bug where
+	  an open curly inserted in a string is always replaced with a
+	  hash sign.
+
+Mon Jan 21 15:41:33 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/mkconfig.rb: BASERUBY is transient at core build.
+
+Mon Jan 21 13:51:21 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb ($extmk): traverse parent directories for the case
+	  srcdir is a symlink.
+
+Sun Jan 20 23:55:37 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (w_object, r_object0): separate respond_to checks and
+	  calling, and get back to the old behavior for 2.0.  [Bug #7564]
+
+Sun Jan 20 22:24:28 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/vpath.rb (VPath#def_options): hack for msys make, which
+	  converts a command line argument to non-msys command seems like a
+	  path list automagically.  [Bug #7710] [ruby-core:51489]
+
+Sat Jan 19 11:35:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* struct.c (Struct.new): Document Struct.new with block
+	  Patch by Hiroyuki Iwatsuki [Bug #7674]
+
+Sat Jan 19 09:52:46 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/miscellaneous.rdoc:  Added section on defined?
+
+Sat Jan 19 09:27:31 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/assignment.rdoc (Local Variables and Methods):  Made it
+	  more clear that local variables are created by the parser, not
+	  execution.  Thanks to John Hawthorn.
+
+Sat Jan 19 09:15:58 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/assignment.rdoc:  Improved links
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc:  ditto.
+
+	* doc/syntax.rdoc:  Added link to assignment document
+
+Sat Jan 19 08:47:33 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/assignment.rdoc:  Added a syntax document on assignment.
+
+Fri Jan 18 14:11:01 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc:  Added Array Decomposition.
+
+Fri Jan 18 12:54:21 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb (gem): Gem.ensure_gem_subdirectories makes
+	  subdirectories group-writable, so make them with $dir_mode.
+
+Fri Jan 18 11:24:33 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_initialize): uninitialize OLE at thread
+	  ends.  [Bug #2618] [ruby-core:27634]
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_initialize): initialize OLE for each
+	  threads.  [Bug #2618] [ruby-core:27634]
+
+Thu Jan 17 22:10:35 2013  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/ext/builder.rb (Gem::Ext::Builder.make): Remove
+	  .time dependency from *.rb install target. It causes needless
+	  *.rb install. [Bug #7698] [ruby-core:51437]
+	  Reported by Tadashi Saito. Thanks!!!
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_installer.rb
+	  (TestGemInstaller#test_install_extension_and_script): Add a test
+	  for the above change.
+
+Thu Jan 17 21:08:20 2013  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* eval.c: Fix a typo in ruby_finalize() documentation.
+
+Thu Jan 17 20:28:18 2013  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* object.c: Typo in Kernel#hash documentation.
+	  Patch by zed_0xff [Github Fixes #237]
+
+Thu Jan 17 10:48:56 2013  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb: use constants rather than
+	  calculating Inf and NaN.
+
+Thu Jan 17 10:21:05 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/miscellaneous.rdoc:  Added Ending an Expression and
+	  indentation.
+
+Thu Jan 17 09:30:21 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/installer.rb:  Untaint string when checking output
+	  for $SAFE=1
+
+	* lib/rubygems/specification.rb:  Keep previously loaded specs as
+	  active.  This prevents double loading when refreshing the gem list.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem.rb:  Test for above
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb:  Bump version to 2.0.0.rc.2
+
+Thu Jan 17 09:08:37 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/control_expressions.rdoc:  Added ? : ternary if
+
+Thu Jan 17 08:36:04 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/miscellaneous.rdoc:  Added documentation for alias, undef,
+	  BEGIN, END.
+	* doc/syntax/modules_and_classes.rdoc (Constants):  Fixed unwrapped
+	  paragraph with trailing whitespace.
+	* doc/syntax/modules_and_classes.rdoc (Scope):  Added section pointing
+	  to alias and undef documentation.
+	* doc/syntax.rdoc:  Added link to miscellaneous section.
+
+Thu Jan 17 07:50:26 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/control_expressions.rdoc (Flip-Flop):  Added a section on
+	  the flip-flop.
+
+Thu Jan 17 06:59:51 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/control_expressions.rdoc (if Expressions):  Fixed markup
+	  error.  Fixes #235 on github by FlyingFoX.
+
+Thu Jan 17 06:53:58 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/literals.rdoc (Strings):  Fixed typo.  Fixes #236 on
+	  github by Doug Yun.
+
+Wed Jan 16 18:45:46 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/lib/win32ole.rb: use TracePoint to hook all thread
+	  creation not only by Thread.new and to get rid of interference with
+	  svar scope.  [Bug #7681] [ruby-core:51365]
+
+Wed Jan 16 09:35:53 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* .document:  Removed extra space
+	* lib/irb/lc/.document:  Hide help-message
+	* lib/minitest/.document:  Hide README.txt
+	* lib/rake/lib/.document:  Hide project.rake
+	* lib/rdoc/generator/template/json_index/.document:  Hide JavaScript
+	  files
+	* lib/rubygems/ssl_certs/.document:  Hide PEM files.
+
+Wed Jan 16 03:54:28 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/control_expressions.rdoc:  Omit optional "then" for if and
+	  unless expressions.  Improved description of "a if a = 0.zero?"
+	  NameError.  Note that "do" for for loop is optional.
+
+Wed Jan 16 03:28:47 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/calling_methods.rdoc:  Link to defining methods.
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc:  Link to calling methods, fixed typo.
+
+Wed Jan 16 03:15:00 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc:  Fixed link
+	* doc/syntax/modules_and_classes.rdoc:  Fixed link
+	* doc/syntax.rdoc:  Updated with links to the recently added pages
+
+Wed Jan 16 03:05:50 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/control_expressions.rdoc (redo Statement):  Added note
+	  about retry.
+	* doc/syntax/exceptions.rdoc:  Added retry statement
+
+Tue Jan 15 23:12:34 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/vpath.rb (VPath#list): default separator to PATH_SEPARATOR from
+	  configure.in for make, not same name constant of File for use in ruby.
+
+Tue Jan 15 22:30:04 2013  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/ext/save-history.rb: identify rightly a status of a
+	  history file that already exists [Bug #7694]. Thanks Nobuhiro IMAI
+	  for this patch.
+
+Tue Jan 15 15:55:28 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/control_expressions.rdoc:  Added description of control
+	  expressions in ruby.
+
+Tue Jan 15 13:33:00 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc (Method Names):  Added method names including
+	  operator methods.
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc (Return Values):  Added note that assignment
+	  methods ignore return values.
+	* doc/syntax/precedence.rdoc:  Added document describing precedence.
+
+Tue Jan 15 11:49:31 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc (Block Argument):  Added section on block
+	  argument.  Thanks to Andy Lindeman.
+
+Tue Jan 15 10:54:59 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/calling_methods.rdoc (Arguments):  Added improved
+	  introduction to arguments including passing style and lazy
+	  evaluation.  Thanks to Matt Aimonetti.
+	* doc/syntax/calling_methods.rdoc (Positional Arguments):  Added
+	  description for sending a message to a method with *arguments
+	* doc/syntax/calling_methods.rdoc (Default Positional Arguments):
+	  Added description.  Thanks to Andy Lindeman.
+	* doc/syntax/calling_methods.rdoc (Block Local Arguments):
+	  Added description of block locals.  Thanks to Justin Collins.
+	* doc/syntax/calling_methods.rdoc (Hash to Keyword Arguments):  Added
+	  section describing ** operator.  Thanks  to Justin Collins.
+
+Tue Jan 15 10:40:18 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* test_lazy_enumerator: Test that map & flat_map also require a block
+
+Tue Jan 15 09:22:47 2013  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (gvl_init): Reset gvl.wait_yield explicitly when
+	  fork()ing. Patch by Apollon Oikonomopoulos. Thanks!
+	  [Bug #7693][ruby-core:51424]
+
+Tue Jan 15 09:27:56 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/calling_methods.rdoc (Receiver):  Added :: as pointed out
+	  by Tony Arcieri
+	* doc/syntax/calling_methods.rdoc (Block Argument):  Fixed { } block
+	  examples as pointed out by David Copeland.
+
+Tue Jan 15 09:10:29 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc (Array/Hash Argument):  Moved above Keyword
+	  Arguments
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc (Keyword Arguments):  Described ** for
+	  gathering arbitrary keyword arguments.
+
+Tue Jan 15 08:56:37 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/calling_methods.rdoc:  Added document describing method
+	  calls.
+
+Tue Jan 15 07:39:21 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/top_level.rb:  Fixed extension trimming for page names in
+	  RDoc HTML output.  [ruby-trunk - Bug #7673]
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_top_level.rb:  Test for above.
+
+Mon Jan 14 23:06:41 2013  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/ext/save-history.rb: outputs its history to
+	  owner-only-readable file and change the permission of a file that
+	  already exists [Bug #7694]. Thanks Nobuhiro IMAI for bug reports.
+
+Mon Jan 14 17:12:48 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enumerator.c (lazy_flat_map_func): flat_map should call each only
+	  when the value of a block returns a forcable object.
+	  [ruby-core:51401] [Bug #7690]
+
+	* enumerator.c (lazy_flat_map): add documentation.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_lazy_enumerator.rb: related test.
+
+Mon Jan 14 16:42:28 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* enumerator.c: Require block for Lazy#{take|drop}_while [Bug #7692]
+
+Mon Jan 14 14:41:00 2013  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_to_s): use CRuby style.
+
+Mon Jan 14 14:39:00 2013  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c: use `RB_TYPE_P(x, t)` instead of
+	  `TYPE(x) == t`.
+
+Mon Jan 14 10:18:56 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* enumerator.c: Fix size for Enumerator::Lazy#flat_map
+
+Mon Jan 14 07:12:52 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix/lup_decomposition: Fix bugs with LUP Decomposition of
+	  rectangular matrices. [rubyspec:ba849801a85]
+
+Mon Jan 14 06:46:53 2013  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regparse.c (add_ctype_to_cc): don't check dup warn on adding
+	  negative ctype to cclass. [Bug #7471] [ruby-core:50344]
+
+Mon Jan 14 06:06:03 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix/eigenvalue_decomposition: Backport bugfix of Jama 1.0.3
+	  [rubyspec:df87040be371]
+
+Sun Jan 13 16:45:00 2013  Zachary Scott <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* ext/psych/yaml/scanner.c: Fix typos, patch by James Dabbs
+	  [Github tenderlove/psych#118]
+
+Sun Jan 13 15:00:00 2013  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_sub):
+	  need to specify precision for converting Rational and Float.
+	  [ruby-dev:46544] [Bug #7404]
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_mult): ditto.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_divide): ditto.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_DoDivmod): ditto.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_divremain): ditto.
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb: add tests for the above fixes.
+
+Sun Jan 13 14:48:55 2013  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix/eigenvalue_decomposition: Fix eigensystem with complex
+	  eigenvectors. Patch by pypypy567.
+	  [Bug #7208] [ruby-dev:46251] [rubyspec:242f8e55bd]
+
+	* lib/matrix/lup_decomposition.rb: Fix error for rectangular matrices
+	  [bug#7620] [ruby-core:51118] [rubyspec:41f833ee2]
+
+Sun Jan 13 14:06:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/irb.rb, lib/prime.rb: Typos in overview
+	  Patch by Ershad K [Github Fixes #234]
+
+Sun Jan 13 13:40:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/open3.rb : Typo in Open3 overview. Patch by zed_0xff
+	  [Github Fixes #233]
+
+Sat Jan 12 17:42:00 2013  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@cookpad.com>
+
+	* numeric.c (do_coerce): fix for the exceptions which the coerce
+	  method raises.  The optimization done by r38756 is preserved.
+	  [Bug #7645] [ruby-core:51213]
+
+Sat Jan 12 16:12:46 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/setup.mak (-runtime-): see msvcrt from link header on mswin
+	  instead of running testing executable file, for cross compiling.
+
+Sat Jan 12 08:58:47 2013  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: merge key values that
+	  contain something besides a hash should be left in tact.
+
+	* test/psych/test_merge_keys.rb: test for change
+
+Sat Jan 12 07:52:47 2013  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_set_byref): support VT_UI8|VT_BYREF,
+	  VT_I8|VT_BYREF in cygwin and mingw.
+
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_variant2val): ditto.
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_variant.rb (test_s_new_with_i8_byref):
+	  ditto.
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_variant.rb (test_s_new_with_ui8_byref):
+	  ditto.
+
+Sat Jan 12 02:45:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* man/ruby.1 (options): include --*-encoding from r38784
+
+Fri Jan 11 23:34:48 2013  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* ruby.c (usage): sort --*-encoding in help. (same order of -E)
+
+Fri Jan 11 16:56:29 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/mkconfig.rb: use configured libdir value to fix
+	  --enable-load-relative on systems where libdir is not default value,
+	  overridden in config.site files.  [ruby-core:47267] [Bug #6903]
+
+Fri Jan 11 11:59:32 2013  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (dispose_string): use rb_str_free for freeing string in
+	  parse.y. by Sokolov Yura <funny.falcon@gmail.com>
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/87 fix GH-87
+
+Fri Jan 11 09:56:22 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* insns.def (defineclass): private constants should not be accessed
+	  by scoped module definitions.  The bug was introduced in r38495.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: related test.
+
+Fri Jan 11 02:11:59 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rbconfig/obsolete.rb (respond_to_missing?): use send because
+	  RbConfig.respond_to_missing? is now private.
+
+Thu Jan 10 22:00:58 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h (VM_DEBUG_BP_CHECK): set 0 as default.
+	  This flag specifies checking BP consistency on each frame popping.
+	  Now, we don't have any trouble on it, so I remove it.
+	  If you feel any bugs about VM execution, then set it to 1.
+
+Thu Jan 10 21:03:05 2013 TAKANO `takano32' Mitsuhiro <tak@no32.tk>
+
+	* cont.c: define FIBER_USE_NATIVE as 0 in ia64.
+
+Thu Jan 10 19:39:05 2013  TAKANO `takano32' Mitsuhiro <tak@no32.tk>
+
+	* thread.c: fix RB_GC_SAVE_MACHINE_REGISTER_STACK define for ia64.
+
+Thu Jan 10 17:45:39 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in, win32/Makefile.sub ($(MKFILES)): continue if Makefile
+	  unchanged.
+
+Thu Jan 10 16:31:20 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_super_method): raise a TypeError
+	  instead of a NotImplementedError if self is not an instance of the
+	  current class.  [ruby-dev:39772] [Bug #2402]
+
+Thu Jan 10 16:47:18 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/tk/extconf.rb (find_tcltk_header): use have_header instead of
+	  try_cpp, which is incredibly slow with VC.
+
+Thu Jan 10 15:55:28 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (do_coerce): remove an unused variable.
+
+Thu Jan 10 15:35:55 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/gen_dummy_probes.rb: remove comments in probes.d to fix the
+	  compilation error introduced by r38755.
+
+Thu Jan 10 11:15:04 2013  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@cookpad.com>
+
+	* numeric.c (do_coerce): speed optimization by using rb_check_funcall
+	  instead of rb_rescue + rb_funcall.
+	  This fix is based on the patch by Benoit Daloze.
+	  [Bug #7645] [ruby-core:51213]
+
+Thu Jan 10 11:15:04 2013  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* probes.d: updating probes to be more symmetrical, adding
+	  documentation.
+
+	* load.c: ditto
+
+Thu Jan 10 04:23:07 2013  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb: strip trailing dots from
+	  floats so that Float() will not raise an exception.
+
+	* test/psych/test_numeric.rb: test to ensure "1." can be loaded
+
+	* test/psych/test_string.rb: make sure "1." can round trip
+
+Thu Jan 10 03:38:40 2013  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: ascii only binary strings
+	  will be dumped as unicode.  Thanks Paul Kunysch!
+
+	* test/psych/test_string.rb: appropriate test
+
+Thu Jan 10 03:29:55 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (compile_array_): modify wrong optimization.
+	  A script "[print(1)]; print(2)" should output "12".
+	  However, the compiler had eliminated "[print(1)]" expression
+	  because it is void expression (unused array).
+	  Of course, side-effect should be remained.
+	  This issue is reported by Masaya Tarui.
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_literal.rb: add a test.
+
+Wed Jan  9 22:07:42 2013  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* load.c (load_lock): if thread shield is destroyed and there is no
+	  waiting thread, insert new thread shield into load_table.
+	  [Bug #7530] [ruby-core:50645]
+
+Wed Jan  9 21:43:32 2013  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* load.c (load_lock): revert r38744. it should acquire new thread
+	  shield.
+
+Wed Jan  9 15:40:18 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (th_init, ruby_thread_init): initialize root_svar with Qnil,
+	  since lep_svar_place() expects uninitialized svar to be nil, not 0.
+
+Wed Jan  9 13:20:23 2013  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_require.rb: improve test for r38744.
+	  fix to use Tempfile instead of temporary file in current directory.
+	  the patch is from nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada).
+
+Wed Jan  9 09:53:23 2013  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* load.c (load_lock): fix not to delete thread shield twice.
+	  it may break the shield locked by another thread.
+	  [Bug #7530] [ruby-core:50645]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_require.rb: a test for above.
+
+Wed Jan  9 02:13:22 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RBasic): to be aligned on a VALUE size
+	  boundary.  [Bug #7647]
+
+Tue Jan  8 14:41:41 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_iseq_t): move flip_cnt from struct iseq_compile_data,
+	  because it has same life span as enclosing iseq.  [Bug #7671]
+	  [ruby-core:51296]
+
+Mon Jan  7 23:43:00 2013  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (rmpd_power_by_big_decimal):
+	  add RB_GC_GUARD to prevent the intermediate object is GCed too early.
+	  This patch was made by Yusuke Endoh.  [Bug #7044] [ruby-core:47632]
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb: add a reproduction test for
+	  the issue [Bug #7044]
+
+Mon Jan  7 21:40:36 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (Init_eval_method): main.public and main.private
+	  should be private.
+
+	* proc.c (Init_Proc): main.define_method should be private.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: related test.
+
+Mon Jan  7 20:48:47 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (Init_eval): main.include should be private.
+	  [ruby-core:51293] [Bug #7670]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb (test_top_include_is_private): a new test
+	  for the above change.
+
+Mon Jan  7 20:29:50 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: remove description about `require "refinement"'.
+
+Mon Jan  7 20:15:49 2013  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (Init_eval): enable Refinements by default.
+	  [ruby-core:51286] [Bug #7667]
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_refine, top_using): show a warning when
+	  Module#refine or main.using is called at the first time.
+
+	* ext/refinement/*: removed the extension library "refinement".
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: fix for the above changes.
+
+Mon Jan  7 17:34:22 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RUBY_EVENT_SPECIFIED_LINE): make it special.
+	  This flag is not contained by RUBY_EVENT_TRACEPOINT_ALL.
+	  This event is experimental one. It is possible to remove/rename
+	  flag name after 2.0.1.
+
+	* vm_trace.c (get_event_id): return :line if SPECIFIED_LINE was
+	  occurred. `:specified_line' never been returned.
+
+Mon Jan  7 15:42:10 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (f_kwrest): allow bare kwrest_mark as valid syntax.  its
+	  semantics is still undefined.  [Bug #7662] [ruby-core:51269]
+
+Mon Jan  7 15:31:58 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (f_kwrest): reject duplicated kwrest argument name.
+
+Mon Jan  7 15:24:10 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_threadptr_exec_event_hooks_orig): pop tag before
+	  JUMP_TAG() if frame is `finish' frame.
+	  Without this patch, there is an inconsistency between control
+	  frame stack and tags stack.
+	  [Bug #7668]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test for above.
+
+Mon Jan  7 15:21:48 2013  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in, common.mk (fake, yes-fake, no-make): these dependencies
+	  are not platform dependent.
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub ($(arch)-fake.rb): workaround.
+
+Mon Jan  7 12:09:24 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_callee_setup_arg_complex, vm_yield_setup_block_args):
+	  set keyrest hash after making rest array, so that the last element
+	  will not be overwritten.  [ruby-core:51278] [Bug #7665]
+
+Mon Jan  7 09:37:24 2013  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* NEWS: add a NEWS entry about RubyVM.
+
+Sun Jan  6 19:06:57 2013  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub: Fix build with VC.
+	  Patch by Charlie Savage. Fixes [ruby-core:51261]
+
+Sun Jan  6 18:43:48 2013  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_io.rb: add a test for [ruby-dev:46834].
+
+	* io.c (rb_cloexec_fcntl_dupfd) Use an emulation with dup(2) when
+	  fcntl(2) and/or F_DUPFD is unavailable.
+	  Suggested by akr.
+
+	* configure.in (HAVE_FCNTL): NativeClient does not provide fcntl(2).
+
+Sun Jan  6 11:11:26 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/modules_and_classes.rdoc:  Fixed typo.
+
+Sun Jan  6 05:35:18 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/modules_and_classes.rdoc:  Added singleton classes
+	  documentation.
+
+Sun Jan  6 02:22:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/abstract.rb (WEBrick::HTTPServlet): Typo in
+	  example. Patch by shlensky [Fixes #232 on github]
+
+Sat Jan  5 21:15:10 2013  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http/generic_request.rb:
+	  Amazon ECA API and GTE/1.3 disallow requests whose host has port
+	  number if its port number equals to default port number of the
+	  scheme. [Bug #7650]
+
+Sat Jan  5 13:58:59 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/modules_and_classes.rdoc:  Improved description of methods
+	  on a module or class as suggested by Tobias Buhlmann
+
+Sat Jan  5 13:38:07 2013  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_enumerate_lines): fix invalid byte sequence error
+	  when a separator is passed. The patch is from yoshidam (Yoshida
+	  Masato).
+	  [Bug #7646] [ruby-dev:46827]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_string.rb: a test for above.
+
+Sat Jan  5 12:25:42 2013  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert_in_out_err):
+	  check stdout and stderr both.
+
+Sat Jan  5 10:21:54 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/modules_and_classes.rdoc:  Added documentation of syntax
+	  for Modules and Classes.
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc:  Moved some text to the Modules and
+	  Classes syntax document.
+
+Sat Jan  5 08:38:27 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc:  Added return values and scope sections,
+	  slightly modified from the original patch.  Fixes #227 from github by
+	  Dave Brown.
+
+Sat Jan  5 08:21:41 2013  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_cloexec_fcntl_dupfd): improve #ifdef condition.
+	* io.c (rb_maygvl_fd_fix_cloexec): ditto.
+
+Sat Jan  5 07:54:59 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/cleanup_command.rb:  Clean all possible gems
+	  using multiple passes.  Fixes RubyGems bug #422.  Refactored for
+	  maintainability.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_cleanup_command.rb:  Test for above.
+
+Sat Jan  5 05:04:39 2013  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (vm_xrealloc): add a few comment why we avoid realloc(ptr,0).
+
+Fri Jan  4 20:17:06 2013  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* Makefile.in (RBCONFIG): Moved from common.mk in order to use the
+	  variable in Makefile.in.
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (RBCONFIG): Ditto.
+
+Fri Jan  4 19:45:50 2013  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* common.mk (run, parse): Use BTESTRUBY instead of MINIRUBY to handle
+	  cross-compiling cases, e.g. NativeClient.
+
+Fri Jan  4 17:58:16 2013  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* common.mk (yes-btest): btest depends on also $(arch)-fake.rb and
+	  rbconfig.rb on building for NativeClient.
+
+	* Makefile.in (fake): Avoid generating $(arch)-fake.rb unless cross
+	  compiling.
+
+	* configure.in (CROSS_COMPILING): New substitution.
+
+Fri Jan  4 16:26:45 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/doctor.rb:  Process directories in order in case the
+	  filesystem doesn't.  [ruby-trunk - Bug #7618]
+
+	  Process specifications before other directories in case of bugs.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_doctor.rb:  Test for above.
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb:  Updated version.
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_require.rb:  Fixed double require of
+	  benchmark.rb.  RubyGems bug #420.
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_check_command.rb:  Fixed unused
+	  variable warnings.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_query_command.rb:  ditto
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_installer.rb:  ditto
+
+Fri Jan  4 15:05:25 2013  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/cross_reference.rb:  Fixed matching of C#=== or #===.  RDoc
+	  bug #164
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_cross_reference.rb:  Test for above.
+
+	* lib/rdoc/parser/changelog.rb:  Fixed parsing of dates.  RDoc bug #165
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_parser_changelog.rb:  Test for above.
+
+	* lib/rdoc/parser.rb:  Fixed parsing multibyte files with incomplete
+	  characters at byte 1024.  [ruby-trunk - Bug #6393]
+	  Fixed handling of -E.  [ruby-trunk - Bug #6392]
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_options.rb:  Test for above.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_parser.rb:  ditto.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_parser_c.rb:  ditto.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_parser_changelog.rb:  ditto.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_parser_markdown.rb:  ditto.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_parser_rd.rb:  ditto.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_rdoc.rb:  ditto.
+
+	* lib/rdoc/tom_doc.rb:  Fixed parsing of [] in TomDoc arguments list.
+	  RDoc bug #167
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_tom_doc.rb:  Test for above.
+
+	* lib/rdoc.rb:  Update version.
+
+Fri Jan  4 11:51:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/forwardable.rb: Fix rdoc parameters for ::def_single_delegator.
+	  Patch by Vladimir Andrijevik [Github Fixes #230]
+
+Fri Jan  4 00:35:11 2013  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	Fix failures on btest for NativeClient.
+	* bootstraptest/runner.rb (nacl?): New method to distinguish NaCl
+	  cross build.
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_io.rb: Skip unsupported operations.
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_literal.rb: ditto.
+
+Fri Jan  4 00:29:40 2013  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* io.c (rb_cloexec_fcntl_dupfd): Fix failures in
+	  bootstrap_test/test_io.rb.  NativeClient does not support F_DUPFD
+	  but supports dup2(2).
+
+Thu Jan  3 17:46:50 2013  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/element.rb (REXML::Elements#add): Remove too much
+	  "elements" in document. Sorry...
+
+Thu Jan  3 17:42:32 2013  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/element.rb (REXML::Elements#each): Add missing
+	  "elements" in document. [ruby-talk:402713]
+	  Reported by Wesley Rishel. Thanks!!!
+
+Thu Jan  3 15:13:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb (Psych.load): Return value of
+	  Psych::SyntaxError.message should be same as example.
+	  Patch by Ippei Obayashi [ruby-core:51193] [Bug #7636]
+
+Thu Jan  3 14:58:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/forwardable.rb (SingleForwardable): Fix example in overview
+	  Patch by Vladimir Andrijevik [Github Fixes #231]
+
+Thu Jan  3 14:32:47 2013  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* configure.in (OBJCOPY):  Fixes build error for NativeClient.
+	  Avoid disabling OBJCOPY for NativeClient.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (rb_reserved_fd_p): USE_SLEEPY_TIMER_THREAD is
+	  always defined.  Fixes compilation error for NativeClient.
+
+Wed Jan 02 03:09:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (Zlib::GzipReader): Fix typo by zed_0xff
+	  [Fixes Github #229]
+
+Wed Jan 02 02:29:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_update): Revert documentation from r38672
+	  See: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/228#issuecomment-11791013
+
+Wed Jan 02 02:16:00 2013  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_update): Documentation for Hash#merge and shallow
+	  copies Patch by Yorick Peterse [Fixes Github #228]
+
+Mon Dec 31 15:10:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c: Add documentation for Kernel#caller_locations,
+	  Kernel#caller, and Thread::Backtrace::Location
+
+Mon Dec 31 13:05:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_backtrace.rb: Add test for r37957 [Feature #7434]
+
+Sun Dec 30 23:33:36 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (simple_re_meta): escaped closing parenthesis has different
+	  meaning.  [Bug #7610] [ruby-core:51088]
+
+Sun Dec 30 12:09:47 2012  Charlie Somerville  <charlie@charliesomerville.com>
+
+	* configure.in: use 4 argument form of AC_CHECK_HEADERS to force
+	  autoconf to use compiler's result
+
+Sun Dec 30 10:58:04 2012  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_keyword.rb: add a test for passing hash
+	  as a last argument. [ruby-dev:46712] [Bug #7529]
+
+Sun Dec 30 10:51:29 2012  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: set keyword hash on Proc/block calls.
+	  [ruby-core:51172] [Bug #7630]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_keyword.rb: add tests for above.
+
+Sat Dec 29 21:57:11 2012  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/completion.rb: treat rightly completion for symbol on irb
+	  [Bug #7632].
+
+Sat Dec 29 21:51:30 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/curses/curses.c (window_cury, window_curx, window_maxy,
+	  window_maxx, window_begy, window_begx): use RB_UNUSED_VAR()
+	  to suppress unused-but-set-variable warnings.
+
+Sat Dec 29 16:45:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (RubyVM::InstructionSequence): rdoc formatting
+
+Sat Dec 29 15:28:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (RubyVM::InstructionSequence):	Add rdoc for new iseq features
+	  added from r38085, this includes ::of, #path, #absolute_path,
+	  #label, #base_label, #first_lineno, and #inspect
+
+Sat Dec 29 14:06:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_line_trace_all, rb_iseq_line_trace_specify): Add
+	  rdoc for experimental C level api of iseq, from r38076
+
+Sat Dec 29 11:37:36 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_clone): attach clone to its singleton class during
+	  cloning singleton class so that singleton_method_added will be called
+	  on it.  based on the patch by shiba (satoshi shiba)[Bug #5283] in
+	  [ruby-dev:44477].  [Bug #5283]
+
+Sat Dec 29 10:10:39 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (crt_externs.h): use standard macro AC_CHECK_HEADERS.
+
+Fri Dec 28 23:12:44 2012  Charlie Somerville  <charlie@charliesomerville.com>
+
+	* configure.in: check for the whether crt_externs.h is present when compiling
+	  for darwin (this header is missing in the iOS SDK)
+	* eval_intern.h: check HAVE_CRT_EXTERNS_H before including crt_externs.h, if
+	  not defined, include missing/crt_externs.h instead
+	* hash.c: ditto
+	* missing/setproctitle.c: ditto
+	* missing/crt_externs.h: declare _NSGetEnviron() function and define environ
+	  for iOS
+
+Fri Dec 28 21:40:36 2012  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/context.rb: IRB::Context#new: Check from JobManager
+	  inside IRB namespace [Bug #7628]. Thanks rafaelfranca for bug
+	  report and its patch.
+
+Fri Dec 28 17:06:17 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-electric.el (ruby-electric-curlies): Automatically
+	  indent closing curly brackets when
+	  ruby-electric-newline-before-closing-bracket is true.
+
+Fri Dec 28 11:50:42 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_yield_setup_block_args): pass single argument to
+	  single optional parameter unchanged without splatting.  [Bug #7621]
+	  [ruby-dev:46801]
+
+Fri Dec 28 11:17:47 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (method_eq): fix the documentation to refer to owner.
+	  [ruby-core:51105] [Bug #7613]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_method.rb (test_alias_onwer): new test to confirm
+	  that `a == b' returns false if owners of a and b are different.
+
+Fri Dec 28 07:07:43 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* def/id.def: use split(/^/) instead of String#lines to support
+	  Ruby 1.8.5 as BASERUBY.
+
+Thu Dec 27 21:56:56 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_mod_remove_const): fix segv caused by r38558.
+
+Tue Dec 28 01:13:48 2012  James Edward Gray II  <james@graysoftinc.com>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb: Added more Hash methods to CSV::Row.
+
+Thu Dec 27 23:27:15 2012  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/ruby-lex.rb: make lex_state to EXPR_END when next token
+	  is an operator after SYMBEG [Bug #6378].
+
+Thu Dec 27 21:30:21 2012  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/ruby-lex.rb: allow to handle recursive heredocs on
+	  irb[Bug #5648].
+
+Thu Dec 27 20:45:29 2012  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_getline): fix not to raise TypeError
+	  when limit is nil.
+	  [Bug #7232] [ruby-core:48531]
+
+	* test/stringio/test_stringio.rb: a test for above.
+
+Thu Dec 27 21:08:23 2012  Charlie Somerville  <charlie@charliesomerville.com>
+
+	* vm_core.h (VM_DEFINECLASS_TYPE): explicit cast to enum type to avoid 64->32
+	  shorten warning
+
+Thu Dec 27 20:11:29 2012  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_ungetc): raise IOError instead of RuntimeError
+	  if the string is frozen.
+	  [Bug #7231] [ruby-core:48530]
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_ungetbyte): ditto.
+
+	* test/stringio/test_stringio.rb: a test for above.
+
+Wed Dec 26 23:55:18 2012  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/context.rb: fix IRB::Inspector#keys_with_inspector [Bug #7598]
+
+Wed Dec 26 23:26:15 2012  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/context.rb: IRB::Context#use_readline= has been obsolete
+	  [Bug #6339].
+
+Wed Dec 26 21:32:46 2012  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/context.rb: make a correct prompt from
+	  IRB.conf[:IRB_NAME] on irb [Bug #6338]. Patched by sho-h.
+
+Wed Dec 26 21:09:19 2012  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/ext/math-mode.rb: make not able to change math-mode
+	  after irb starting [Bug #6302]. Patched by sho-h.
+
+Wed Dec 26 12:52:36 2012  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/init.rb: change default debug level for
+	  irb[ruby-dev:46805], [Bug #6301].
+
+Wed Dec 26 11:54:11 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: enable -fPIE when checking -pie for fixing
+	  OpenBSD build error. Patch by George Koehler. Thank you!
+	  [Bug #7606] [ruby-core:51082]
+
+Wed Dec 26 07:31:24 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_enc_cr_str_copy_for_substr): empty string is always
+	  valid or 7bit.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_enumerate_lines, rb_str_chop): reduce duplicated
+	  code.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_enumerate_chars): prevent shared copy from GC.
+
+Wed Dec 26 01:31:16 2012  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/init.rb, lib/irb/context.rb: fix conf.debug_level=
+	  [Bug #6301] and fix irb command option: -- irb_debug_level for irb.
+
+Wed Dec 26 00:59:18 2012  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/ruby-lex.rb: improve RubyLex performance for large files
+	  [Bug #5202]. Patch by ryanmelt.
+
+Tue Dec 25 22:21:06 2012  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/output-method.rb: raise right exception when
+	  IRB::OutputMethod#print don't defined [Bug #6657].
+
+Tue Dec 25 22:06:33 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_threadptr_exec_event_hooks_and_pop_frame):
+	  pop a frame before JUMP_TAG() if exception occurred.
+	  This change fix bug of Ruby 1.9.
+	  [ruby-core:51128] [ruby-trunk - Bug #7624]
+
+	* vm_core.h (EXEC_EVENT_HOOK_AND_POP_FRAME): add to use
+	  `rb_threadptr_exec_event_hooks_and_pop_frame()'.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_exec): use EXEC_EVENT_HOOK_AND_POP_FRAME() while
+	  exception handling. While exception handling, if an exception
+	  is raised in hooks, need to pop current frame and raise this
+	  raised exception by hook.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test.
+
+Tue Dec 25 21:08:53 2012  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/init.rb, lib/irb/lc/ja/error.rb, lib/irb/lc/error.rb:
+	  raise exception when illegal RC_NAME_GENERATOR defined [Bug #6455].
+
+Tue Dec 25 19:22:17 2012  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/workspace.rb: define method to private on top-level irb
+	  [Bug #5776]. Patch by davidbalbert.
+
+Tue Dec 25 19:09:51 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* bignum.c, include/ruby/intern.h (rb_big_eql): exported.
+
+	* thread.c (recursive_check): object_id maybe a Bignum, not Fixnum on
+	  LLP64.  see also r38493 and r38548.
+	  reported by Heesob Park at [ruby-core:51083] [Bug #7607], and patched
+	  by shirosaki at [ruby-core:51095]
+
+Tue Dec 25 18:53:35 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h, eval_intern.h (CHECK_STACK_OVERFLOW): move
+	  CHECK_STACK_OVERFLOW() to vm_core.h and rename to
+	  CHECK_VM_STACK_OVERFLOW().
+	  This change is only move and rename.
+
+	* tool/instruction.rb: catch up above changes.
+
+	* vm.c, vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_stackoverflow): add a function to unify
+	  raising vm stackoverflow exception.
+
+Tue Dec 25 16:16:54 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h (RUBY_VM_THREAD_VM_STACK_SIZE): change default
+	  VM stack size (128 KB or  256 KB -> 512 KB or 1024 KB).
+	  This re-sizing corrects smaller value introduced at r38478.
+	  Newer value is same VM stack size of Ruby 1.9.
+	  [ruby-dev:46797] [ruby-trunk - Bug #7603]
+
+Tue Dec 25 13:38:12 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (compile_err_append, compile_warn_print, warn_print): use
+	  rb_write_error_str() instead of writing to rb_stderr directly.
+
+	* io.c (rb_write_error_str): a stopgap measure not to unblock GVL.
+	  warning from require seems to still have race condition errors.
+
+Tue Dec 25 00:59:29 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* node.h (NODE_OP_CDECL), compile.c (iseq_compile_each),
+	  parse.y (stmt, arg): allow scoped constant op-assignment.
+	  [ruby-core:40154] [Bug #5449]
+
+Mon Dec 24 04:56:48 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/http/generic_request.rb (Net::HTTPGenericRequest):
+	  set content-length to zero on empty post requests
+	  by Gregory Ostermayr <gregory.ostermayr@gmail.com>
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/201 fix GH-201
+
+Sun Dec 23 19:09:16 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread.c: rename methods:
+	    from Thread.async_interrupt_timing to Thread.handle_interrupt,
+	    from Thread.async_interrupted? to Thread.pending_interrupt?.
+	  Also rename option from `defer' to `never'.
+	  [ruby-core:51074] [ruby-trunk - Feature #6762]
+
+	* vm_core.c, thread.c: rename functions and data structure
+	  `async_errinfo' to `pending_interrupt'.
+
+	* thread.c: add global variables sym_immediate, sym_on_blocking and
+	  sym_never.
+
+	* cont.c, process.c, vm.c, signal.c: ditto.
+
+	* lib/sync.rb, lib/thread.rb: catch up this renaming.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Dec 23 17:57:30 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/profiler.rb (Profiler__::PROFILE_PROC, print_profile): store
+	  profile data per threads for concurrent-execution.
+	  [ruby-core:22046] [Bug #1152]
+
+	* lib/profiler.rb (Profiler__::Wrapper): support calling singleton
+	  methods of an instance of BasicObject.
+
+	* lib/profiler.rb (Profiler__::PROFILE_PROC): use TracePoint.
+
+Sun Dec 23 16:13:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/erb.rb: typos for ERB::new link
+
+Sun Dec 23 16:06:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/erb.rb: Document ERB::new trim_mode '-' for lines ending in -%>
+	  [ruby-core:51084] [Bug #7608]
+
+Sun Dec 23 15:25:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/irb/ruby-lex.rb: Add handling for %i and %I quoting to irb
+	  Patch by flori [ruby-core:49550] [Bug #7392] [Github Issue #157]
+
+Sun Dec 23 15:05:48 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_check_funcall_with_hook): rb_check_funcall with hook
+	  which is called before calling method_missing or target method.
+
+	* marshal.c (w_object, r_object0): use rb_check_funcall_with_hook
+	  instead of respond_to? and call.
+
+Sun Dec 23 14:52:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_eqq): doc: #=== is not a synonym for #=~, added example
+	  [ruby-dev:46746] [Bug #7571]
+
+Sun Dec 23 14:35:13 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (BLOCKING_REGION): if fail_if_interrupted is false ignore
+	  the result of blocking_region_begin(), since it always is true in
+	  that case.  suppress "uninitialized" warnings.
+
+Sun Dec 23 09:34:07 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/check_command.rb:  Added --doctor and --dry-run
+	  options to clean up after failed uninstallation.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_check_command.rb:  Test for above.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/push_command.rb:  Allow pushes from RubyGems
+	  2.0.0.preview3
+
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/update_command.rb:  Use Gem.ruby_version
+
+	* lib/rubygems/dependency.rb:  Update style.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/installer.rb:  Ensure installed gem specifications will
+	  be useable.  Refactor.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_installer.rb:  ditto.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/validator.rb:  Fixed bug with unreadable files.
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb:  Fixed broken methods.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem.rb:  Test for above.
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_push_command.rb:  Fixed overridden
+	  Gem.latest_rubygems_version
+
+Sun Dec 23 01:52:01 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_lines, rb_io_bytes, rb_io_chars, rb_io_codepoints):
+	  Deprecate IO#{lines,bytes,chars,codepoints} and those of ARGF.
+	  [Feature #6670]
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_lines, strio_bytes, strio_chars)
+	  (strio_codepoints): Deprecate
+	  StringIO#{lines,bytes,chars,codepoints}. [Feature #6670]
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (rb_gzreader_lines, rb_gzreader_bytes):
+	  Deprecate Zlib::GzipReader#{lines,bytes}. [Feature #6670]
+
+Sat Dec 23 01:35:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb: Documentation for OptionParser to remove 'shadowed
+	  outer local variable' from example and make obvious ARGV with
+	  non-option arguments.
+	  Patch by Marcus Stollsteimer [ruby-core:47460] [Bug #6997]
+
+Sat Dec 23 00:08:00 2012  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h: add the prototype declaration of
+	  rb_num_coerce_bit.
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_num_coerce_bit): the new coerce function for bitwise
+	  binary operation.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_and): use coerce to convert the argument, which isn't
+	  a Fixnum nor a Bignum, to the corresponding Integer object so that
+	  bitwise operations can support Integer-mimic objects.
+	  [Bug #1792] [ruby-core:39491]
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_or): ditto.
+
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_xor): ditto.
+
+	* numeric.c (bit_coerce): ditto.
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_and): ditto.
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_or): ditto.
+
+	* numeric.c (fix_xor): ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_integer.rb: add tests for the above changes.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_bignum.rb: ditto.
+
+Sun Dec 23 00:04:54 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h (QUOTE, QUOTE_ID): quote unprintable chars in strings and
+	  IDs. [Bug #7574] [ruby-dev:46749]
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_quote_unprintable): ditto.
+
+Sat Dec 22 23:59:18 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (rb_compile_error, rb_compile_warn, rb_compile_warning),
+	  (rb_warn, rb_warning): support PRIsVALUE.
+
+Sat Dec 22 22:04:58 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cont.c (rb_fiber_start): unify conditions.
+
+Sat Dec 22 21:47:55 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_wait_writable): use rb_thread_check_ints() instead
+	  of rb_thread_fd_writable().
+	* io.c (rb_io_wait_readable): ditto.
+
+Sat Dec 22 20:31:10 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_mod_const_get): symbol cannot be nested constant name.
+
+Sat Dec 22 19:26:35 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_mod_const_get): check more strictly.  [ruby-dev:46748]
+	  [Bug #7573]
+
+Wed Dec 19 02:34:48 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cont.c (rb_fiber_start): in case of jump with TAG_FATAL,
+	  enqueue error into async_errinfo_queue, because you cannot call
+	  TH_TAG_JUMP() in this function. [ruby-dev:45218]  [Bug #5993]
+
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts): now INT2FIX(TAG_FATAL)
+	  can be popped from async_errinfo_queue.
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_make_jump_tag_but_local_jump): revert r38441.
+	  rb_vm_make_jump_tag_but_local_jump() shouldn't return exception
+	  in case of state == TAG_FATAL.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_fiber.rb (test_exit_in_fiber): fix a test to illuminate
+	  Thread.exit should terminate current Thread.
+
+Sat Dec 22 13:15:08 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (obj_id_to_ref): add a macro to treat Bignum object id.
+	  This follows the change r38493.
+
+	* gc.c (id2ref): fix for working fine with Bignum object id on x64
+	  Windows.
+	* gc.c (wmap_finalize): ditto.
+
+Sat Dec 22 11:30:21 2012  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* struct.c (make_struct): remove junk ID check to allow members who
+	  have junk name like "foo\000".
+	* test/ruby/test_struct.rb: Test for above.
+	  [Bug #7575] [ruby-dev:46750]
+
+Sat Dec 22 05:34:54 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb:  Requests may be created with a URI which sets the
+	  Host header.  Responses contain the requested URI for easier redirect
+	  following.  [ruby-trunk - Feature #6482]
+	* lib/net/http/generic_request.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/net/http/response.rb:  ditto.
+	* NEWS (net/http):  Updated for above.
+	* test/net/http/test_http.rb:  Tests for above.
+	* test/net/http/test_http.rb:  ditto.
+	* test/net/http/test_httpresponse.rb:  ditto.
+
+Sat Dec 22 02:35:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/irb/slex.rb(#match): Typo, should be D_DETAIL
+	  [ruby-core:51071] [Bug#7600]
+
+Sat Dec 22 02:29:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/irb/input-method.rb, lib/irb.rb: Typo in
+	  InputMethod#readable_atfer_eof? to #readable_after_eof?
+	  [ruby-core:51069] [Bug #7599]
+
+Sat Dec 22 02:19:38 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): revert r38533.
+	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): add ELF sanity check.
+	  [Bug #7597] [ruby-dev:46786]
+
+Sat Dec 22 02:05:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/irb/inspector.rb, lib/irb/context.rb: Move IRB::INSPECTORS and
+	  class methods to IRB::Inspector [ruby-core:51067][Bug #7598]
+
+Sat Dec 22 00:28:46 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_hash): shouldn't assume object_id can be long.
+	  based on a patch by Heesob Park at [ruby-core:51060].
+	  cf. [Backport #7454]
+
+Fri Dec 21 23:15:25 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/struct.rb (Fiddle::CStructEntity#set_ctypes):
+	  CPtr -> Pointer.
+	* test/fiddle/test_c_struct_entry.rb
+	  (Fiddle::TestCStructEntity#test_aref_pointer):
+	  Added the test for the above.
+
+Fri Dec 21 23:12:05 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/struct.rb (Fiddle::CStructEntity#set_ctypes):
+	  CPtr -> Pointer.
+	* test/fiddle/test_c_struct_entry.rb
+	  (Fiddle::TestCStructEntity#test_aref_pointer_array):
+	  Added the test for the above.
+
+Fri Dec 21 22:43:36 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/import.rb (Fiddle::Importer#sizeof):
+	  CPtr -> Pointer.
+	* test/fiddle/test_import.rb (Fiddle::TestImport#test_sizeof):
+	  Added the test for the above.
+
+Fri Dec 21 22:34:17 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_iseq.rb: disable a test which checks features
+	  removed at r38532.
+
+Fri Dec 21 22:02:00 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/{dir.h,win32.c} (rb_w32_readdir): removed old rb_w32_readdir()
+	  and renamed from rb_w32_readdir_with_enc().
+	  [ruby-core:24864] [Feature #1927]
+
+	* dir.c (READDIR): follow above change.
+
+Fri Dec 21 21:12:54 2012  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): commentout addr2line call temporarily
+	  in order to avoid segv. anyone can fix addr2line?
+	  [Bug #7597] [ruby-dev:46786]
+
+Fri Dec 21 20:38:28 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (Init_ISeq): remove definition of the following methods:
+	  ISeq#line_trace_all and ISeq#line_trace_specify because they are
+	  half baked.
+	  C APIs are remained as experimental. These functions will be
+	  renamed, removed their parameters may be changed.
+	  You can use these methods by C exts. Please give us your comments.
+
+Fri Dec 21 20:21:04 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (tracepoint_new): add code to support specified thread.
+	  But not tested and this feature is not supported officially.
+
+Fri Dec 21 19:37:15 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ruby.c (process_options): need to acquire env from TOPLEVEL_BINDING
+	  each time.
+	  `bind->env' may update after `eval()'.
+	   [Bug #7536]
+
+Fri Dec 21 18:46:50 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/debug.h, vm_core.h: define rb_trace_arg_t at
+	  include/ruby/debug.h (move from vm_core.h).
+
+Fri Dec 21 17:48:15 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h, vm_trace.c: fix multi-threading bug for tracing.
+	  Move `trace_arg' from rb_tp_t::trace_arg to rb_thread_t::trace_arg.
+	  `trace_arg' may changed by multiple threads.
+	  rb_thread_t::trace_arg can represent rb_thread_t::trace_running
+	  (null or non-null) and rb_thread_t::trace_running is removed.
+	  After that, `rb_tp_t' is not needed to check tracing or not
+	  (A running thread knows tracing or not). This is why I remove
+	  tp_attr_check_active() and make new function get_trace_arg().
+
+	  And this modification disable to work the following code:
+	    TracePoint.trace{|tp|
+	      Thread.new{p tp.event} # access `tp' from other threads.
+	    }
+	  I believe nobody mix threads at trace procedure.
+	  This is current limitation.
+	  [Bug #7590]
+
+	* cont.c (fiber_switch, rb_cont_call): use rb_thread_t::trace_arg
+	  instead of rb_thread_t::trace_running.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a multi-threading test.
+
+Fri Dec 21 16:38:08 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* template/id.h.tmpl (ID2ATTRSET): compile time constant macro for
+	  ID_ATTRSET.
+
+	* defs/id.def (KeywordError): check duplication.
+
+	* defs/id.def: support for other scope IDs,
+	  ID_{INSTANCE,GLOBAL,CONST,CLASS}.
+
+Fri Dec 21 14:45:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/irb.rb, lib/irb/*: Documentation for IRB
+
+Fri Dec 21 11:31:02 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rake/*:  Updated to rake 0.9.6
+	* doc/rake/*:  ditto
+	* test/rake/*:  ditto
+
+Fri Dec 21 08:56:34 2012  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_suppress_tracing): remove unused variable 'vm_tracing'
+
+Fri Dec 21 01:01:45 2012  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/irb/completion.rb (CompletionProc): support completion of
+	  instance variables. [ruby-dev:46710] [Bug #7520]
+
+Thu Dec 20 20:58:25 2012  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_suppress_tracing): bugfix for vm->trace_running
+	  counter. And if tracing is already true, vm_trace_running ops is
+	  skipped to control overflow.
+
+Thu Dec 20 18:29:54 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RTEST, NIL_P): make bare expressions without
+	  outermost parentheses.
+
+Thu Dec 20 17:29:00 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: fix the description for Refinements.
+
+Thu Dec 20 16:53:59 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_defineclass_type_t),
+	  compile.c (iseq_compile_each), insns.def (defineclass): change the
+	  meaning of the third operand of defineclass as follows:
+	    lower 3bits: the type of the defineclass
+	                   0 = class, 1 = singleton class, 2 = module
+	    4th bit: a flag represents whether the defineclass is scoped
+	               0 = not scoped (e.g., class Foo)
+		       1 = scoped (e.g., class Bar::Baz)
+	    5th bit: a flag represents whether the superclass is specified
+	               0 = not specified (e.g., class Foo)
+	               1 = specified (e.g., class Bar < Foo)
+	  If the superclass is specified and is not a class, a TypeError
+	  should be raised.  [ruby-dev:46747] [Bug #7572]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_class.rb: related test.
+
+Thu Dec 20 16:52:37 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* NEWS: announce AEAD encryption support in the OpenSSL extension.
+
+Thu Dec 20 16:40:13 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (nonspecial_obj_id): VALUE is not compatible with Fixnum on
+	  LLP64 platform, such as 64bit Windows.
+	  reported by Heesob Park at [ruby-core:50255] [Bug #7454], and the
+	  fix is suggested by akr.
+
+Thu Dec 20 16:39:04 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c: fix errors for installations that do not
+	  feature Authenticated Encryption.
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: detect presence of EVP_CTRL_GCM_GET_TAG to
+	  determine whether Authenticated Encryption can be used.
+	  [Feature #6980] [ruby-core:47426]
+
+Thu Dec 20 15:55:46 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c: do not use FIPS_mode_set if not available.
+	* test/openssl/utils.rb: revise comment about setting FIPS mode to
+	  false.
+	* test/openssl/test_fips.rb: remove tests that cause errors on
+	  ruby-ci.
+	  [Feature #6946] [ruby-core:47345]
+
+Thu Dec 20 15:22:59 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/parser/ruby.rb:  Ignore methods defined on constants to
+	  prevent modules with the names of constants from appearing in the
+	  documentation.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_parser_ruby.rb:  Test for the above.
+
+Thu Dec 20 15:00:33 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c: add support for Authenticated Encryption
+	  with Associated Data (AEAD) for OpenSSL versions that support the
+	  GCM encryption mode. It's the only mode supported for now by OpenSSL
+	  itself. Add Cipher#authenticated? to detect whether a chosen mode
+	  does support Authenticated Encryption.
+	* test/openssl/test_cipher.rb: add tests for Authenticated Encryption.
+	  [Feature #6980] [ruby-core:47426] Thank you, Stephen Touset for
+	  providing a patch!
+
+Thu Dec 20 12:56:53 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/markup/to_html.rb (class RDoc):  Added current heading and
+	  top links to headings.
+	* lib/rdoc/generator/template/darkfish/rdoc.css:  ditto
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_generator_markup.rb:  Test for above
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_markup_to_html.rb:  ditto
+
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_comment.rb:  Removed trailing whitespace.
+
+Thu Dec 20 11:05:26 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (assert_valid_syntax): move from
+	  test_syntax.rb.
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (assert_normal_exit): validate syntax before
+	  running because this assertion passes even if the code fails by
+	  SyntaxError.
+
+Thu Dec 20 10:29:58 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_pkey_dh.rb: revert special treatment of
+	  FIPS-capable installations since FIPS mode is now disabled for the
+	  tests.
+
+Thu Dec 20 10:23:12 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl.c: add OpenSSL.fips_mode= to allow enabling FIPS
+	  mode manually.
+	* test/openssl/utils.rb: turn off FIPS mode for tests. This prevents
+	  OpenSSL installations with FIPS mode enabled by default from raising
+	  FIPS-related errors during the tests.
+	* test/openssl/test_fips.rb: add tests for FIPS-capable OpenSSL
+	  installations.
+	  [Feature #6946] [ruby-core:47345]
+
+Thu Dec 20 06:59:52 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c: support variable VM/Machine stack sizes.
+	  Specified by the following environment variables:
+	    - RUBY_THREAD_VM_STACK_SIZE: vm stack size used at thread creation.
+	      default: 128KB (32bit CPU) or 256KB (64bit CPU).
+	    - RUBY_THREAD_MACHINE_STACK_SIZE: machine stack size used at thread
+	      creation. default: 512KB or 1024KB.
+	    - RUBY_FIBER_VM_STACK_SIZE: vm stack size used at fiber creation.
+	      default: 64KB or 128KB.
+	    - RUBY_FIBER_MACHINE_STACK_SIZE: machine stack size used at fiber
+	      creation. default: 256KB or 256KB.
+	  This values are specified at launched timing. You can not change
+	  these values at running time.
+	  Environ variables are only *hints* because:
+	    - They are aligned to 4KB.
+	    - They have minimum values (depend on OSs).
+	    - Machine stack settings are ignored by some OSs.
+	  Default values especially fiber stack sizes are increased.
+	  This change affect Fiber's behavior:
+	    (1) You can run more complex program on a Fiber.
+	    (2) You can not make many (thousands) Fibers because of
+	        lack of address space (on 32bit CPU).
+	  If (2) bothers you,
+	    (a) Use 64bit CPU with big memory, or
+	    (b) Specify RUBY_FIBER_(VM|MACHINE)_STACK_SIZE correctly.
+	  You need to choose correct stack size carefully. These values
+	  are completely rely on systems (OS/compiler and so on).
+	  [Feature #4614], [Bug #7212]
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_t::default_params): add to record above settings.
+
+	* vm.c (RubyVM::DEFAULT_PARAMS): add new constant to see
+	  above setting.
+
+	* thread_pthread.c: support RUBY_THREAD_MACHINE_STACK_SIZE.
+
+	* cont.c: support RUBY_FIBER_(VM|MACHINE)_STACK_SIZE.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_fiber.rb: add tests for above.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu Dec 20 06:25:44 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_fiber.rb: remove a strange single quote character.
+	  With this character, this script exits by SyntaxError.
+
+Thu Dec 20 01:03:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott>
+
+	* ext/.document: Add missing ext modules to .document
+	  Patch by Ryunosuke SATO [Fixes Github #224]
+
+Wed Dec 19 23:52:16 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (load_file_internal): use original C string as the filename
+	  for parser.
+	  reported by whiteleaf at [ruby-list:49085] [ruby-dev:46738]
+	  [Bug #7562]
+
+Wed Dec 19 23:36:12 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* marshal.c (marshal_dump, marshal_load): fix SEGV during make rdoc
+	  and test failure in TestMarshal#test_gc and test_context_switch
+	  on SPARC Solaris 10 compiled with Oracle Solaris Studio 12.3.
+	  [Bug #7591] [ruby-dev:46772]
+
+Wed Dec 19 19:34:03 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_mod_const_get): nul byte is invalid as constant name.
+
+Wed Dec 19 17:54:18 2012  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_threadptr_exec_event_hooks): get rid of race
+	  condition. [Bug #7589] [ruby-dev:46763]
+
+Wed Dec 19 16:30:28 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/literals.rdoc:  Added 0d decimal format.  Thanks Nobu!
+
+Wed Dec 19 16:19:36 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc:  Fixed typo.  Thanks to Josh Susser.
+
+Wed Dec 19 16:18:22 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/query_command.rb:  Refactored to improve
+	  maintainability.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_query_command.rb:  Note default gems
+	  in gem list details.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/uninstaller.rb:  Detect all gems for uninstallation.
+	  This allows duplicate installs of default gems to be removed.
+	* lib/rubygems/specification.rb:  Allow use of ::each_spec.
+	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb:  Added install_default_gems.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_uninstall_command.rb:  Moved test
+	  down to the uninstaller tests.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_uninstaller.rb:  Test for uninstallation of
+	  default gems and duplicate default gems.
+
+Wed Dec 19 15:23:50 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc:  Add () around keyword arguments example for
+	  consistency.  Thanks to Josh Susser.
+
+Wed Dec 19 01:51:24 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_jump_tag_but_local_jump): remove unnecessary 2nd
+	  argument.
+
+	* load.c (rb_load_internal): ditto.
+
+	* eval_intern.h (rb_vm_jump_tag_but_local_jump): ditto.
+
+Tue Dec 18 18:57:58 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_wait_writable): don't use rb_thread_wait_fd()
+	  because it is for waiting until io readable.
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_wait_writable): always use rb_thread_fd_writable()
+	  instead of bare rb_wait_for_single_fd(). we shouldn't ignore
+	  return value.
+	* io.c (rb_io_wait_readable): ditto. always use rb_thread_wait_fd().
+
+Tue Dec 18 18:55:33 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_wait_fd_rw): fix infinite loop bug.
+	  rb_wait_for_single_fd() never return positive number.
+
+Tue Dec 18 17:24:40 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/encoding.rb:  Do not remove #! line from document when
+	  setting encoding.  This allows ruby executables to be parsed as ruby
+	  files.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_encoding.rb:  Test for above.
+
+	* lib/rdoc/parser.rb:  Set the parser file name of ruby executables
+	  correctly.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_parser.rb:  Test for above.
+
+Tue Dec 18 16:46:15 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/literals.rdoc:  Used simplified heredoc example that
+	  doesn't include method definition.  Added heredoc with backticks.
+
+Tue Dec 18 16:38:51 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/store.rb:  Work around RDoc stores from older versions of
+	  RDoc.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_store.rb:  Test for above.
+
+Tue Dec 18 16:31:20 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/ruby_lex.rb:  Return a TkHEREDOC instead of a TkSTRING when
+	  the heredoc identifier is followed by a line-end.  This allows proper
+	  display of some HEREDOCs in source view.
+	* lib/rdoc/ruby_token.rb:  Added TkHEREDOC
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_ruby_lex.rb:  Test for above.
+
+Tue Dec 18 09:45:14 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_make_jump_tag_but_local_jump): take care of the case
+	  TAG_JUMP() with TAG_FATAL (ex. rb_fatal()). [ruby-core:50917]
+	  [Bug #7570]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_fiber.rb (test_fatal_in_fiber): add a test for above.
+
+	* ext/-test-/fatal/extconf.rb, ext/-test-/fatal/rb_fatal.c: ditto.
+
+Tue Dec 18 13:17:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (tracepoint_attr_defined_class): Clean up rdoc for
+	  TracePoint#defined_class
+
+Tue Dec 18 12:15:59 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/specification.rb:  Fixed ruby output of requirements
+	  with multiple version specifiers.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_ext_cmake_builder.rb:  Only look for specific
+	  lines in cmake output.  Should fix [ruby-trunk - Bug #7579]
+
+Tue Dec 18 11:45:26 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/literals.rdoc:  Added 0o octal integers.
+
+Tue Dec 18 12:28:52 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Use :TLSv1_2_client explicitly in
+	  test_tls_v1_2 to prevent upstream bug.
+	  [Bug #7197] [ruby-dev:46240]
+
+Tue Dec 18 11:52:34 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/lib/ssl.rb: Enable insertion of empty fragments as a
+	  countermeasure for the BEAST attack by default. The default options
+	  of OpenSSL::SSL:SSLContext are now:
+	  OpenSSL::SSL::OP_ALL & ~OpenSSL::SSL::OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS
+	  [Bug #5353] [ruby-core:39673]
+
+	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Adapt tests to new SSLContext default.
+
+	* NEWS: Announce the new default.
+
+Tue Dec 18 06:36:12 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: remove `VM_METHOD_TYPE_CFUNC_FRAMELESS' method type.
+	  This method type is for optimized CFUNC such as Fixnum#+ and so on.
+	  This feature is half-baked and no way to use them.
+	  [Background]
+	  Now, VM has opt_plus instructions to optimize `+' methods for
+	  some Classes (such as Fixnum, Float (flonum)). We call this
+	  type of instructions as `specialized instructions'.
+	  This simple technique improve simple program dramatically.
+	  However, we can make specialized instructions for only several
+	  types (classes) and selectors (method names) because a large
+	  instruction will be slow. In other words, this technique has no
+	  extensibility.
+	  To overcome this problem, VM_METHOD_TYPE_CFUNC_FRAMELESS was
+	  introduced (r37198). This type is a variant of CFUNC, but called
+	  their functions directly without building a method frame.
+	  Any CFUNC method can be defined as frameless methods if a method
+	  is not needed to make method frame. Frameless methods are faster
+	  as specialized instructions (a bit slower, but no need to care).
+	  No problem described at
+	  http://charlie.bz/blog/why-do-singleton-methods-make-ruby-slow
+	  because this technique doesn't see class, but see method body
+	  itself. Alias is also no problem.
+	  [Problem]
+	  However, we can't set frameless method type for polymorphic methods
+	  such as Array#[]. Necessity for method frame depends on which
+	  parameter type. For example, Fixnum#+ needs method frame if
+	  coerce is needed. Current VM_METHOD_TYPE_CFUNC_FRAMELESS is not
+	  flexible and need more tuning to introduce it.
+	  Expected behavior of frameless method type may be:
+	    result = optimized_cfunc(params); /* call optimized cfunc */
+	    if (result == Qundef) { result = normal_cfunc(); }
+	  This is why I say this feature is half-baked.
+	  We need to learn primitive method in Smalltalk more.
+	  (I heard this name at RubyConf Taiwan this month. Thanks!)
+	  [Conclusion]
+	  I remove this feature and consider again.
+	  This feature goes to next minor (2.1?).
+	  Nobody may use this feature and there is no compatibility issue.
+
+	* proc.c (rb_method_entry_arity): ditto.
+
+	* vm_eval.c, vm_insnhelper.c, vm_method.c: ditto.
+
+Tue Dec 18 04:58:22 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (fill_id_and_klass): TracePoint#defined_class returns
+	  singleton class. `set_trace_func' passed attached class (which is
+	  attached/modified by singleton class) by 6th block parameter if it
+	  is singleton class. Previous behavior follows this spec.
+	  However, this method named `defined_class' should return singleton
+	  class directly because singleton methods are defined in singleton
+	  class. There are no compatible issue because TracePoint is introduced
+	  after 2.0.
+	  But compatibility with `set_trace_func' is broken. This means that
+	  you can not replace all `set_trace_func' code with TracePoint
+	  without consideration of this behavior.
+	  [Bug #7554]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: change a test to catch up
+	  an above change.
+
+Tue Dec 18 03:03:10 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: speed up node mapping so
+	  common cases are evaluated first.  Thanks Kevin Menard!
+
+Tue Dec 18 02:35:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb: Remove 'developer documentation' section from rdoc
+	  Patch by Marcus Stollsteimer [ruby-core:50526][Bug #7504]
+
+Tue Dec 18 02:35:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb (#lup): typo in example [ruby-core:50946][Bug #7582]
+
+Mon Dec 17 18:03:34 2012  Charlie Somerville  <charlie@charliesomerville.com>
+
+	* class.c (rewrite_cref_stack, clone_method): rewrite a method's cref
+	  stack when cloning into a new class to allow lexical const lookup to
+	  work as expected [ruby-core:47834] [Bug #7107]
+	* test/ruby/test_class.rb (class TestClass): related test
+
+Mon Dec 17 13:56:55 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (io_flush_buffer_sync2): avoid to return 0. because
+	  rb_thread_call_without_gvl2 uses 0 internally.
+	* io.c (io_flush_buffer_async2): adapt the above.
+
+Mon Dec 17 12:05:32 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc:  Added a description of singleton methods.
+
+Mon Dec 17 11:35:57 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/.document:  Added doc/syntax
+
+Mon Dec 17 11:25:32 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* doc/syntax.rdoc:  Added syntax guide table of contents
+	* doc/syntax/exceptions.rdoc:  Syntax guide for exceptions
+	* doc/syntax/literals.rdoc:  Syntax guide for literals
+	* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc:  Syntax guide for methods
+
+Mon Dec 17 07:59:40 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb:  Updated VERSION
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_installer.rb:  Fixed ambiguous first argument
+	  warning.
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_rdoc.rb:  RDoc generation depends on installed
+	  version of RDoc.
+
+Sun Dec 16 02:04:41 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* signal.c (rb_sigaltstack_size): cast sysconf() return value
+	  explicitly. Fix compile error on Mac OS X.
+
+Sun Dec 16 00:39:43 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* cont.c (rb_fiber_start): don't enqueue Qnil to async_errinfo_queue.
+	  rb_vm_make_jump_tag_but_local_jump() could return Qnil (ex. when
+	  finished by Thread.exit). [ruby-dev:45218] [Bug #5993]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_fiber.rb (test_exit_in_fiber): add test for it.
+
+Sat Dec 15 23:56:51 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/pointer.c (rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr): fix error message
+	  forgotten to be changed from DL to Fiddle.
+
+Sat Dec 15 23:14:32 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* signal.c (default_handler): remove rb_register_sigaltstack()
+	  call. sigaltstack was already registered when creating threads.
+
+Sat Dec 15 23:08:56 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* signal.c (rb_sigaltstack_size): new. calculate stack size for
+	  sigsegv handler. enlarge value when x86 or x86_64 on Linux.
+	  Linux has very small MINSIGSTKSZ size (2048 bytes) and
+	  our sigsegv routine need 5KiB at least. [Bug #7141]
+	* internal.h: add declaration of rb_sigaltstack_size().
+	* vm_core.h: remove ALT_STACK_SIZE definition.
+
+	* signal.c (rb_register_sigaltstack): replace ALT_STACK_SIZE with
+	  rb_sigaltstack_size();
+	* gc.c (Init_heap): ditto.
+	* vm.c (th_init): ditto.
+
+Sat Dec 15 18:24:21 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* rational.c (f_round_common): should check overflow.
+
+Sat Dec 15 18:00:00 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* rational.c (float_rationalize): reduced.
+
+Sat Dec 15 14:18:44 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (finish_writeconv): uses rb_write_internal2 if
+	  fptr->write_lock have.
+
+Sat Dec 15 13:57:08 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_mutex_owned_p): remove static.
+	* io.c (io_flush_buffer): don't hold mutex if already have.
+	  Now recursive lock may occur when following scenario.
+	  fptr_finalize -> finish_writeconv_sync -> finish_writeconv
+	  -> io_fflush.
+
+Sat Dec 15 13:38:30 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (io_flush_buffer): uses io_flush_buffer_async2 instead of
+	  io_flush_buffer_async.
+	* io.c (io_flush_buffer_async2): new helper function for
+	  io_flush_buffer. It uses rb_thread_call_without_gvl2() instead
+	  of rb_thread_io_blocking_region.
+	* io.c (io_flush_buffer_sync2): new helper function for
+	  io_flush_buffer_async2.
+
+Sat Dec 15 13:04:26 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (internal_write_func2): new helper function for rb_write_internal2().
+	* io.c (rb_write_internal2): new function. it uses
+	  rb_thread_call_without_gvl2() instead of rb_thread_io_blocking_region().
+	* io.c (rb_binwrite_string): uses rb_write_internal2 instead of
+	  rb_write_internal. [Bug #7134]
+
+Sat Dec 15 12:55:29 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_wait_writable): add to call rb_thread_wait_fd()
+	  likes rb_io_wait_readable.
+
+Sat Dec 15 11:54:50 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_wait_writable): don't call rb_thread_fd_writable()
+	  when EINTR. EINTR mean signal interrupt was happen. We don't
+	  need any wait.
+
+Sat Dec 15 11:53:36 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_wait_fd_rw): remove silly rb_thread_alone()
+	  check.
+
+Sat Dec 15 10:22:38 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_polling): revert but deprecate.
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_thread_polling): deprecate.
+
+Sat Dec 15 08:37:01 2012  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_ext_cmake_builder.rb (test_self_build):
+	  get rid of false positive.
+
+Sat Dec 15 08:05:56 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_uninitialized, test_backtrace,
+	test_thread_timer_and_interrupt, test_thread_join_in_trap,
+	test_thread_join_current, test_thread_join_main_thread,
+	test_main_thread_status_at_exit, test_thread_status_in_trap,
+	test_thread_status_raise_after_kill, test_mutex_owned,
+	test_mutex_owned2): move these tests from TestThreadGroup class
+	  to TestThread because they are not thread group tests.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_thread_status_raise_after_kill):
+	  add t.join.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_threadgroup.rb: new file. moved ThreadGroup test
+	  from test_thread.rb.
+
+Sat Dec 15 08:02:11 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (TestThread::Thread::new.): remove
+	  th.abort_on_exception change. Test template shouldn't change
+	  global flag. It prevent to test a normal case.
+
+Sat Dec 15 06:15:14 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* configure.in (HAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS):  Set -march=i486 to enable
+	  __sync_val_compare_and_swap.  Patch by KOSAKI Motohiro.
+	  [ruby-trunk - Bug #7485]
+
+Sat Dec 15 03:42:34 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/.document: add fiddle/pointer.c, fiddle/handle.c, and
+	  fiddle/win32/lib as documentation.
+
+Sat Dec 15 03:06:40 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_flock): use rb_thread_wait_for() instead of
+	  rb_thread_polling(). When getting EAGAIN, we need to wait a
+	  while even if no multi threading.
+	* thread.c (sleep_for_polling, rb_thread_polling) removed.
+
+Sat Dec 15 00:03:31 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* signal.c (rb_f_kill): remove rb_thread_polling() because this
+	  has no good effect and makes meaningless 100ms delay. 1)
+	  when sending signal to another process, waiting has just silly.
+	  2) when sending signal to current process, 100ms is often not
+	  enough time to wait. It depend on kernel behavior. And,
+	  rb_thread_polling() doesn't make sense anyway. When rb_thread_alone()
+	  is true, it doesn't wait at all and Process.kill() users don't
+	  expect threading changes Process.kill() behavior. [Bug #7560]
+
+Fri Dec 14 17:10:57 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_params): parser_tokline to track the line number at
+	  which token started.  [ruby-dev:46737] [Bug #7559]
+
+	* parse.y (fcall): operation with starting line number.
+
+	* parse.y (command, primary, method_call): point method name line.
+
+	* parse.y (gettable_gen): return token line for __LINE__.
+
+Fri Dec 14 16:56:59 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_super_method): remove volatile introduced
+	  in r38365.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): use __forceinline to prevent
+	  VC++ to make vm_call_general and vm_call_super_method as the same
+	  method.  Thanks, Heesob Park.  [Bug #7556] [ruby-core:50867]
+
+Fri Dec 14 14:59:14 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert_separately):
+	  take file and line by using caller_locations if not given.
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert_separately):
+	  count assertions in separated tests.
+
+Fri Dec 14 14:16:42 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/rubygems_hook.rb:  Fixed generation of documentation.
+	  Disabled rdoc generation by default to match RubyGems defaults.
+	  Reduced diff with RubyGems::RDoc.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_rubygems_hook.rb:  Tests for the above.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_rdoc.rb:  ditto.
+
+	* lib/rdoc/store.rb:  Removed useless variable assignment
+
+Fri Dec 14 13:58:40 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/rdoc_command.rb:  When overwriting
+	  documentation, remove existing documentation first.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/server.rb:  Fixed documentation links.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_server.rb:  Test for the above.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/rdoc.rb:  Reduced diff with RDoc::RubyGemsHook
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_rdoc.rb:  ditto
+
+Fri Dec 14 04:08:05 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert_separately):
+	  added to execute given test source on separate process,
+	  catch its resulted exception and raise it on main process.
+
+Fri Dec 14 07:43:44 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: quote strings that begin
+	  with non-word characters.  Thanks Alex Tambellini!
+	* test/psych/test_yaml.rb: appropriate test case
+
+Thu Dec 13 23:14:17 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_super_method): a workaround for the
+	  failure of TestRefinement#test_refine_recursion in Windows.
+	  See [ruby-core:50871] for details.
+
+Thu Dec 13 23:10:52  Charlie Somerville  <charlie@charliesomerville.com>
+
+	* object.c (Init_Object): use rb_mod_init_copy for Class#initialize_copy
+	* class.c (rb_class_init_copy): rename to class_init_copy_check, performs type
+	  checks on arguments to prevent reinitialization of initialized class
+	  [ruby-core:50869] [Bug #7557]
+	* class.c (rb_mod_init_copy): use class_init_copy_check if receiver is T_CLASS
+	* test/ruby/test_class.rb (class TestClass): related test
+
+Thu Dec 13 16:53:10 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/class_module.rb:  Fixed duplicate comments for classes and
+	  modules from C.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_class_module.rb:  Test for the above.
+
+	* lib/rdoc/parser/c.rb:  Reload C variable names to allow proper
+	  updates of an ri store for C files.
+	* lib/rdoc/rdoc.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/rdoc/store.rb:  ditto.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_parser_c.rb:  Test for the above.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_store.rb:  ditto.
+
+Thu Dec 13 14:20:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/irb*: merge doc from doc/irb/ird.rd and improve overall
+	  documentation of IRB
+	* doc/irb/irb.rd: remove stale documentation
+
+Thu Dec 13 14:10:00 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (r_entry0): don't taint classes and modules because
+	  Marshal.load just returns the dumped classes and modules.
+	  [Bug #7325] [ruby-core:49198]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_marshal.rb: related test.
+
+Thu Dec 13 14:10:13 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_require.rb (TestRequire#test_loaded_features_encoding):
+	  need to check compatibility, not equality of encodings.
+
+Thu Dec 13 14:02:15 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_join): check encoding compatibility before joining
+	  strings.
+
+Thu Dec 13 13:06:27 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (umethod_bind): allow another form of method transplanting
+	  from a module via UnboundMethod.  [ruby-core:34267][Feature #4254]
+
+Thu Dec 13 12:07:25 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RB_UNUSED_VAR): new macro to suppress
+	  warnings for unused variables.
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (ENTER): use RB_UNUSED_VAR() to
+	  suppress annoying warnings by -Wunused-but-set-variable in gcc 4.6.
+
+Thu Dec 13 11:22:33 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: remove "VM_METHOD_TYPE__MAX" from rb_method_type_t.
+	  rb_method_type_t is not a number and "_MAX" causes misunderstanding.
+
+	* proc.c (rb_method_entry_arity): ditto.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_body): ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): ditto.
+
+Wed Dec 12 21:40:45 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/tmpdir.rb (Dir::Tmpname#create): deal with a prefix name which
+	  starts with tilde as a plain name, not expanding as home directory.
+	  [ruby-core:50793] [Bug #7547]
+
+Wed Dec 12 19:48:59 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/json: merge JSON 1.7.5.
+	  fix tests and other fixes.
+
+Wed Dec 12 18:30:29 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (rb_prepend_module): move refined methods from the origin
+	  of a class to the class, because refinements should have priority
+	  over prepended modules.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related test.
+
+Wed Dec 12 18:27:09 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* time.c (zone_str): lookup or insert by using st_update() at once.
+
+Wed Dec 12 15:30:11 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: add -fno-omit-frame-pointer if libexecinfo is used.
+	  At least on FreeBSD ruby will crash on getting C backtrace
+	  when it is compiled with other than -O0.
+
+	* vm_dump.c: enable backtrace on FreeBSD even if with optimizations.
+
+Wed Dec 12 16:08:04 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_rdoc.rb (TestRDocRDoc#test_normalized_file_list_non_file_directory):
+	  use File::NULL for portability if possible.
+
+Wed Dec 12 16:07:23 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* method.h (rb_method_flag_t): name a magic number for NOEX_SAFE and
+	  NOEX_WITH as NOEX_SAFE_SHIFT_OFFSET.
+
+	* method.h (rb_method_type_t, method_optimized_type): C89 forbids a
+	  comma after the last element in enum.
+
+	* proc.c (rb_method_entry_arity), vm_eval.c (vm_call0_body),
+	  vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): add VM_METHOD_TYPE__MAX case.
+
+Wed Dec 12 14:16:35 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/class_module.rb:  Added RDoc::ClassModule#documented? which
+	  checks comment_location.  Hide RDoc::ClassModule#comment=.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_class_module.rb:  Test for above.
+
+	* lib/rdoc/generator/template/darkfish/_sidebar_table_of_contents.rhtml:
+	  Fix display of the table of contents in the sidebar.
+
+	* lib/rdoc/generator/template/darkfish/table_of_contents.rhtml:
+	  Use #comment_location when displaying classes or modules.
+
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_store.rb:  Use comment_location.
+
+Wed Dec 12 13:40:52 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_getivar): no uninitialized instance variables
+	  warnings for non-object if attr method.
+
+Wed Dec 12 06:43:37 2012  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_parameters): fix limit for optional arguments.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_keyword.rb: tests for above.
+
+	* vm_core.h (struct rb_iseq_struct): update documentation
+	  with keyword arguments. [Bug #7540] [ruby-core:50735]
+
+Wed Dec 12 03:45:41 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (vm_exec): pass exceptions while handling an exception.
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_threadptr_exec_event_hooks): propagate exceptions.
+	  revert r38293 partially.
+
+Wed Dec 12 03:09:05 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* sample/test.rb (Progress#initialize): add --verbose option and show
+	  messages in one line unless --verbose is given.
+
+Wed Dec 12 01:47:02 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_using_refinement): make the method table of an iclass
+	  for a refinement that of the refinement, not that of the origin of
+	  the refinement, which is set by rb_include_class_new().  This
+	  change is needed to make module prepend into a refinement work
+	  properly.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related test.
+
+Wed Dec 12 01:05:04 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/make-snapshot: add --disable-rubygem to both MINIRUBY and RUBY.
+	  On making miniprelude.c, it seems use MINIRUBY. this fixes #7541
+	  but rubygems also needs to be fixed for older rubies.
+
+Wed Dec 12 00:32:11 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/dl/test_func.rb (test_name_with_block, test_bind, test_qsort1):
+	  call unbind to release the callback closure because maximum number
+	  of callbacks is limited to DL::MAX_CALLBACK (== 5) with pure DL
+	  without Fiddle.
+
+Wed Dec 12 00:13:34 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/dl/lib/dl/func.rb (DL::Function#unbind, #bound?): suppress
+	  NoMethodError when Fiddle is available. [ruby-core:50756] [Bug #7543]
+	* test/dl/test_func.rb (test_bound*, test_unbind*): tests for the above.
+
+Tue Dec 11 19:38:37 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/function.c (Fiddle::Function.new): new keyword argument
+	  :name to set the name attribute.
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/import.rb (import_function, bind_function):
+	  set function name by using the :name keyword argument.
+	  Re-fixes r38243. [ruby-core:50566]
+	* test/fiddle/test_function.rb (test_name): test for the :name keyword
+	  argument and Fiddle::Function#name.
+
+Tue Dec 11 16:57:33 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* common.mk:  Added --pages-dir to rdoc creation.  Now doc/ items show
+	  up at top-level.
+	* .document:  Moved doc/* entries to doc/.document
+	* doc/.document:  ditto
+
+Tue Dec 11 16:44:37 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/options.rb:  Added --page-dir option for moving pages in
+	  doc/ to the top-level.
+	* lib/rdoc/rdoc.rb:  ditto.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_options.rb:  Test for the above.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_rdoc.rb:  ditto.
+
+Tue Dec 11 15:24:05 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb:  Hide private methods from RDoc.
+
+Tue Dec 11 15:11:29 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/make-snapshot (BASERUBY): add --disable-gem to avoid load gems.
+	  [Bug #7541] [ruby-core:50736]
+
+Tue Dec 11 12:00:19 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/dl/win32/extconf.rb: Fix typo
+	  by Santiago Pastorino <santiago@wyeworks.com>
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/221 fix GH-221
+
+Tue Dec 11 01:53:37 2012  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix: alias {row|column}_size to {row|column}_count and use
+	  the latter.
+	  [Bug #7369] [ruby-core:49409]
+
+Tue Dec 11 00:26:58 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* fix the behavior when a module is included into a refinement.
+	  This change is a little tricky, so it might be better to prohibit
+	  module inclusion to refinements.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RMODULE_INCLUDED_INTO_REFINEMENT): new flag
+	  to represent that a module (iclass) is included into a refinement.
+
+	* class.c (include_modules_at): set RMODULE_INCLUDED_INTO_REFINEMENT
+	  if klass is a refinement.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_refine): set the superclass of a refinement to the
+	  refined class for super.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_using_refinement): skip the above superclass (the
+	  refined class) when creating iclasses for refinements.  Otherwise,
+	  `using Refinement1; using Refinement2' creates iclasses:
+	  <Refinement2> -> <RefinedClass> -> <Refinement1> -> RefinedClass,
+	  where <Module> is an iclass for Module, so RefinedClass is
+	  searched before Refinement1.  The correct iclasses should be
+	  <Refinement2> -> <Refinement1> -> RefinedClass.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_normal_superclass): if klass is an
+	  iclass for a refinement, use the refinement's superclass instead
+	  of the iclass's superclass.  Otherwise, multiple refinements are
+	  searched by super.  For example, if a refinement Refinement2
+	  includes a module M (i.e., Refinement2 -> <M> -> RefinedClass,
+	  and if refinements iclasses are <Refinement2> -> <M>' ->
+	  <Refinement1> -> RefinedClass, then super in <Refinement2> should
+	  use Refinement2's superclass <M> instead of <Refinement2>'s
+	  superclass <M>'.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_super_method): do not raise a
+	  NotImplementError if current_defined_class is a module included
+	  into a refinement.  Because of the change of
+	  vm_search_normal_superclass(), the receiver might not be an
+	  instance of the module('s iclass).
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related test.
+
+Mon Dec 10 18:35:25 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_without_refinements): use
+	  rb_resolve_refined_method() to search superclasses if
+	  me->def->orig_me is 0.  This change fixes make test-all
+	  TESTS="json ruby/test_refinement.rb".
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related test.
+
+Mon Dec 10 17:59:07 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/win32/*: library ports from DL to Fiddle.
+
+	* ext/dl/win32/extconf.rb: check fiddle.  often case dl compiled prior
+	  to fiddle, so this change is no meaning.  in most cases, simply
+	  fiddle/win32 overwrite dl/win32.
+
+Mon Dec 10 15:23:35 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_threadptr_exec_event_hooks): exceptions in event
+	  hooks should not propagate outside.
+
+Mon Dec 10 15:11:06 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): count flip-flop state in local iseq
+	  not in each iseqs, so that the keys can be other than hidden
+	  strings.  [ruby-core:47253] [Bug #6899]
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (lep_svar_get, lep_svar_set, vm_getspecial): store
+	  flip-flop states in an array instead of a hash.
+
+	* iseq.c (set_relation): main iseq also can has local scope.
+
+Mon Dec 10 10:36:12 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/irb/magic-file.rb: set a encoding, which is detected from
+	  the file to read, to the internal encoding.
+	  [Bug #4281][ruby-dev:43036]
+
+Mon Dec 10 09:40:19 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/ext/cmake_builder.rb:  Added a builder for cmake.
+	* lib/rubygems/ext.rb:  ditto.
+	* lib/rubygems/installer.rb:  ditto.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_ext_cmake_builder.rb:  Test for above.
+
+Mon Dec 10 09:13:08 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/package.rb:  Omit directories when packaging gems like
+	  RubyGems 1.8.x
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_package.rb:  Test for above.
+
+Sun Dec  9 17:36:59 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_opt_send): Kernel#send should not use
+	  refinements.
+
+	* proc.c (mnew): Kernel#method, Kernel#public_method,
+	  Module#instance_method, and Module#public_instance_method should
+	  not use refinements.
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_boundp): Kernel#respond_to? should not use
+	  refinements.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related test.
+
+Sun Dec  9 06:19:04 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/markdown/entities.rb:  Added documentation.
+
+	* lib/rdoc/parser/ruby.rb:  Updated style
+
+	* lib/rdoc/ruby_lex.rb:  Parse characters up to \u{FFFFF}
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_ruby_lex.rb:  Test for above.
+
+Sat Dec  8 22:38:35 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_refine): don't override Module#include.  It's
+	  unnecessary now because refinements are activated only in refine
+	  blocks.
+
+Sat Dec  8 22:33:26 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c: remove Module#refinements.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: remove tests for Module#refinements.
+
+Sat Dec  8 13:17:55 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (top_using): raise a RuntimeError if using is called in a
+	  module definition or a method definition.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related test.
+
+Sat Dec  8 15:01:35 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/cleanup_command.rb:  Skip default gems when
+	  cleaning up.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_cleanup_command.rb:  Test for above.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/query_command.rb:  Fixed listing remote gems.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/dependency_installer.rb:  Ignore non-files when looking
+	  for local gems.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_dependency_installer.rb:  Test for above.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/uninstaller.rb:  The user must confirm uninstalling gems
+	  that have dependencies.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_uninstaller.rb:  Test for above.
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb (module Gem):  Updated version.
+
+	* test/rubygems/*.pem:  Updated to run in FIPS mode.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_security.rb:  ditto.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_security_signer.rb:  ditto.
+
+Sat Dec  8 12:34:01 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_normal_superclass): super in a
+	  refinement always uses the refined class as its superclass.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related test.
+
+Sat Dec  8 11:59:59 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_refine): raise an ArgumentError if a given
+	  block is of a Proc object.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): store refined methods in inline
+	  cache to improve performance.  It's safe now because blocks cannot
+	  be yielded with different refinements in the new specification.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related test.
+
+Sat Dec  8 11:17:53 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_refine), vm_eval.c (rb_yield_refine_block):
+	  Module#refine activates all refinements defined in that module
+	  only in a given block.
+
+	* string.c (sym_to_proc, sym_call): don't use refinements.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related test.
+
+Sat Dec  8 09:24:42 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c:  Completed documentation for
+	  OpenSSL::X509::Name.
+
+Sat Dec  8 07:57:12 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (iow_size): return size of internal object
+	  for ObjectSpace.memsize_of().
+
+	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb: add a test.
+
+Tue Dec 08 02:39:23 2012  James Edward Gray II  <james@graysoftinc.com>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb: A fix for row comparison by Stephen Wattam.  [Bug #7528]
+
+Sat Dec  8 01:27:23 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Runner#_run_parallel): no need to
+	  check all reports.
+
+Sat Dec  8 00:10:34 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (yield_under, eval_under): do not activate refinements
+	  of the receiver in module_eval and instance_eval.
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_Init_refinement): undef Class#refine.
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_Init_refinement): remove Module#using.
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_Init_refinement): main.using should be private.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_refine): the argument of Module#refine should not
+	  be a module.
+
+	* insns.def (defineclass): do not activate refinements in a class or
+	  module.
+
+Fri Dec  7 23:42:11 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/refinement/refinement.c: include ruby/ruby.h instead of the
+	  declaration of rb_warn().
+
+Fri Dec  7 16:07:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* doc/etc.rd: Removed stale documentation file
+	* ext/etc/etc.c:  Merged documentation from doc/etc.rd and updated
+	  rdoc, added documentation for Etc::Passwd and Etc::Group
+
+Fri Dec  7 16:00:57 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::Runner#_run_parallel): no need to
+	  retry skipped test.  this fix makes 40% faster the whole test-all
+	  with -j5 on Windows.
+
+Fri Dec  7 14:22:29 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/markup/to_joined_paragraph.rb:  Completed documentation
+	* lib/rdoc/parser/c.rb:  ditto
+	* lib/rdoc/parser/changelog.rb:  ditto
+	* lib/rdoc/servlet.rb:  ditto
+	* lib/rdoc/store.rb:  ditto
+
+	* lib/rdoc/store.rb:  Improved HTML error page.  Completed
+	  documentation
+
+	* lib/rdoc/parser/ruby.rb:  Fixed bug attaching a comment to A::B = 42
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_parser_ruby.rb:  Test for above
+
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_comment.rb:  Removed garbage
+
+Fri Dec  7 14:03:59 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout#timeout): since async_interrupt_timing
+	  re-raises a deferred exception, replace the timeout exception with
+	  Timeout::Error after it.  [Bug #7503]
+
+Fri Dec  7 13:07:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* doc/forwardable.rd: Remove stale documentation file
+	* lib/forwardable.rb: Merge documentation from doc/forwardable.rd
+
+Fri Dec  7 09:47:35 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* time.c (time_mdump): dump timezone string to private instance variable
+	  on marshaling.
+
+	* time.c (time_mload): load timezone string from private instance
+	  variable named 'zone'.
+
+Fri Dec  7 01:15:07 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/function.rb (Fiddle::Function#name): new
+	  attribute needed to switch Win32::Registry from DL to Fiddle.
+
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/import.rb (import_function, bind_function):
+	  set function name to the returned Fiddle::Function object.
+
+Fri Dec  7 00:11:44 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: fix some tests to use neither
+	  Module#using nor Module#module_eval.
+
+Thu Dec  6 23:27:50 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_Init_refinement): a new function to enable
+	  Refinements with a warning "Refinements are experimental...".
+
+	* ext/refinement/refinement.c, ext/refinement/extconf.rb: a new
+	  extension library to enable Refinements.
+
+Thu Dec  6 18:23:05 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* revised r37993 to avoid SEGV/ILL in tests.  In r37993, a method
+	  entry with VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED holds only the original method
+	  definition, so ci->me is set to a method entry allocated in the
+	  stack, and it causes SEGV/ILL.  In this commit, a method entry
+	  with VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED holds the whole original method entry.
+	  Furthermore, rb_thread_mark() is changed to mark cfp->klass to
+	  avoid GC for iclasses created by copy_refinement_iclass().
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_make): add a method entry with
+	  VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED to the class refined by the refinement if
+	  the target module is a refinement.  When a method entry with
+	  VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF is invoked by vm_call_method(), a method with
+	  the same name is searched in refinements.  If such a method is
+	  found, the method is invoked.  Otherwise, the original method in
+	  the refined class (rb_method_definition_t::body.orig_me) is
+	  invoked.  This change is made to simplify the normal method lookup
+	  and to improve the performance of normal method calls.
+
+	* vm_method.c (EXPR1, search_method, rb_method_entry),
+	  vm_eval.c (rb_call0, rb_search_method_entry): do not use
+	  refinements for method lookup.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): search methods in refinements if
+	  ci->me is VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED.  If the method is called by
+	  super (i.e., ci->call == vm_call_super_method), skip the same
+	  method entry as the current method to avoid infinite call of the
+	  same method.
+
+	* class.c (include_modules_at): add a refined method entry for each
+	  method defined in a module included in a refinement.
+
+	* class.c (rb_prepend_module): set an empty table to
+	  RCLASS_M_TBL(klass) to add refined method entries, because
+	  refinements should have priority over prepended modules.
+
+	* proc.c (mnew): use rb_method_entry_with_refinements() to get
+	  a refined method.
+
+	* vm.c (rb_thread_mark): mark cfp->klass for iclasses created by
+	  copy_refinement_iclass().
+
+	* vm.c (Init_VM), cont.c (fiber_init): initialize th->cfp->klass.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb (test_inline_method_cache): do not skip
+	  the test because it should pass successfully.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb (test_redefine_refined_method): new
+	  test for the case a refined method is redefined.
+
+Thu Dec  6 17:29:03 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_here_document): flush string content between new
+	  line and :string_embexpr.  [ruby-core:48703] [Bug #7255]
+
+Thu Dec  6 16:35:21 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* test/rake/helper.rb:  Load envutil correctly.  Removed useless rescue
+	  for signal propagation tests
+	* lib/rake/file_utils.rb:  Prefer the built ruby.
+	* test/rake/test_rake_functional.rb:  ditto
+
+Thu Dec  6 15:20:34 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/context.rb:  Don't warn for duplicate methods while loading.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_context.rb:  Test for above.
+
+Thu Dec  6 14:26:22 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/command_manager.rb:  Removed string concatenation
+	  syntax.  [Bug #6265]
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/install_command.rb:  ditto
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/uninstall_command.rb:  ditto
+	* lib/rubygems/indexer.rb:  ditto
+	* lib/rubygems/security/policy.rb:  ditto
+	* lib/rubygems/security.rb:  ditto
+	* lib/rubygems/uninstaller.rb:  ditto
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_cert_command.rb:  ditto
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_package.rb:  ditto
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_security.rb:  ditto
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_security_policy.rb:  ditto
+
+Thu Dec  6 14:10:08 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/package.rb:  Set rubygems_version before validation.
+	  Fixes issue with bundler.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_package.rb:  Test for above.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/remote_fetcher.rb:  Only update the cache when we have
+	  permission.  [ruby-trunk - Bug #7509]
+	* lib/rubygems/source.rb (class Gem):  ditto
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_remote_fetcher.rb:  Test for above.
+	* lib/rubygems/test_utilities.rb:  ditto
+
+	* lib/rubygems/specification.rb:  Derive base_dir properly for default
+	  gems.  [ruby-trunk - Bug #7496]
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_specification.rb:  Test for above.
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb:  Untaint Dir.pwd when searching for gemdeps files
+	  for operation under $SAFE=1
+
+Thu Dec 06 12:07:11 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c: TracePoint#enable should not cause an error
+	  when it is already enabled. TracePoint#disable is too.
+	  [ruby-core:50561] [ruby-trunk - Bug #7513]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add tests.
+
+Thu Dec  6 07:19:58 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc*:  Improved display of ChangeLog files as HTML.
+	* test/rdoc*:  Test for above.
+
+Thu Dec  6 04:34:19 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_uninterruptible): helper function for providing
+	  temporary async_interrupt_timing(Object => :defer)
+
+	* io.c (rb_f_p): use rb_uninterruptible.
+	* io.c (rb_f_p_internal): helper function for rb_f_p().
+	* io.c (struct rb_f_p_arg): new struct for rb_f_p_internal.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_async_interrupt_and_p): test for
+	  the above.
+
+Thu Dec  6 04:27:10 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (io_binwrite): check interrupt before io issue.
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_async_interrupt_and_io):
+	  test for the above.
+
+Thu Dec  6 01:10:36 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_method_call_status): use Qundef as no self instead of
+	  the current self.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (send_internal): public_send does not consider how it is
+	  called, as mentioned in r14173.  patched by charliesome (Charlie
+	  Somerville).  [ruby-core:50489] [Bug #7499]
+
+Wed Dec  5 23:50:23 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (getrusage_time): uses clock_gettime() with
+	  CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID when available, which provides a 1ns
+	  precision on linux. [ruby-core:50495] [Bug #7500]
+	  patched by Aman Gupta.
+
+Wed Dec  5 22:46:02 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_make_proc): save the proc made from the given block so
+	  that it will not get collected.  [ruby-core:50545] [Bug #7507]
+
+Wed Dec  5 22:13:57 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/dl/lib/dl/func.rb (DL::Function#bind): When Fiddle is used,
+	  @ptr should be updated. This fixes SEGV raised in DL::Function#call
+	  after calling DL::Function#bind. [Bug #7516] [ruby-dev:46708]
+
+	* test/dl/test_func.rb (test_bind): test for the above
+
+Wed Dec  5 18:53:00 2012  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_s_async_interrupt_timing): have to check ints
+	  before jumping out.
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_async_interrupt_with_return): add test
+	  rescue has to catch a queued async exception at the time of return.
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_async_interrupt_with_break): add test
+	  rescue has to catch a queued async exception at the time of break.
+
+Wed Dec  5 16:54:28 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/memory_status.rb: suppress warning.
+	  A patch from NAKAMURA Usaku.
+
+Wed Dec  5 16:06:54 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/parser/changelog.rb:  Parse more ChangeLog file variations.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_parser_changelog.rb:  Test for above.
+
+Wed Dec  5 12:17:11 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/dl/lib/dl/func.rb (DL::Function#initialize, DL::Function#bind):
+	  ABI should be set by using CFunc#calltype even when Fiddle is used.
+	  When Fiddle is used and a block is given, name should not be ignored.
+	  [ruby-core:50562] [Bug #7514]
+
+	* ext/dl/lib/dl/import.rb (DL::Importer#bind_function): should respect
+	  abi and name when Fiddle is used.
+
+	* test/dl/test_func.rb (test_name_with_block): test for "name" method
+	  with giving a block.
+
+Wed Dec  5 11:55:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* doc/shell.rd, doc/shell.rd.ja: Removed stale doc files
+	* lib/shell.rb, lib/shell/*: Merge and updates docs from doc/shell.rd*
+
+Wed Dec  5 11:42:38 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: disable trace.
+
+Wed Dec  5 11:37:37 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#macro_defined?): use clearly different
+	  strings from conflict markers.
+
+Wed Dec  5 04:25:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/README: Add rdoc modeline directive and formatting libs
+
+Wed Dec  5 04:04:02 2012  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_async_interrupt_blocking): bugfix
+	  about deferred check
+
+Wed Dec  5 03:35:37 2012  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS_BLOCKING): check async queue everytime.
+	* thread.c (sleep_forever): check RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS_BLOCKING first.
+	* thread.c (sleep_timeval): ditto.
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_async_interrupt_blocking): add a test
+	  exceptions are correctly deferred and raised on :on_blocking context.
+
+Wed Dec  5 02:36:10 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk, defs/id.def, template/id.c.tmpl: generate id.c as well as id.h.
+
+Wed Dec  5 00:56:21 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_mutex_owned_p): new method that return current
+	  thread have the target mutex or not. [Feature #7505] [ruby-dev:46697]
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_mutex_owned, test_mutex_owned2):
+	  test for the above.
+	* NEWS: new for the above.
+
+Wed Dec  5 00:05:47 2012  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
+
+	* lib/erb.rb (make_compiler, add_put_cmd, add_insert_cmd): extract
+	  methods.
+
+Tue Dec  4 18:21:04 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/memory_status.rb (Memory): use fiddle/types if available.
+
+	* test/ruby/memory_status.rb (Memory::Win32): :stdcall is needed on
+	  x86 WIN32. This commit partly reverts r38054.
+
+Tue Dec  4 18:05:58 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/types.rb: copied from ext/dl/lib/dl/types.rb
+	  and modified for Fiddle, needed for migration from DL to Fiddle.
+
+Tue Dec  4 17:57:09 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/import.rb (import_function, bind_function):
+	  should respect call_type for migration from DL to Fiddle.
+	  [Bug #7484] [ruby-core:50405]
+
+Tue Dec  4 16:54:00 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* .document:  Added ChangeLog and doc/ChangeLog-* as documentation
+
+Tue Dec  4 16:47:46 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/parser/changelog.rb:  Added a ChangeLog parser to RDoc.
+	* lib/rdoc/parser.rb:  ditto
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_parser_changelog.rb:  Test for above.
+
+Tue Dec  4 16:23:32 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (path2class, path2module): use PRIsVALUE.
+
+	* marshal.c (w_object, marshal_dump, marshal_load): use
+	  rb_check_funcall if possible.
+
+	* marshal.c (w_object, marshal_dump, r_object0, marshal_load): use
+	  RB_GC_GUARD() (directly or indirectly) instead of volatile.
+
+	* variable.c (rb_path_to_class): prevent the argument from GC.
+
+Tue Dec 04 13:55:07 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_opts.h: enable optimization - operand unification.
+	  Operand unification technique enable to combine
+	  an instruction and specific operands and make new
+	  instruction.
+
+	* defs/opt_operand.def: add several configuration
+	  of operand unification.
+
+	* insns.def: use `int' instead to suppress warning.
+
+Mon Dec  3 17:58:53 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y: replace parser->enc with current_enc.
+
+Tue Dec  4 08:33:46 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* README.EXT:  Converted to RDoc format
+	* README.EXT.ja:  ditto
+
+Tue Dec  4 08:32:10 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/ri/driver.rb:  Fixed ri page display for files with
+	  extensions.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_ri_driver.rb:  Test for above
+
+Tue Dec  4 04:11:50 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* .document:  Add NEWS for `ri ruby:NEWS`
+	* NEWS:  Set format as rdoc
+	* doc/NEWS-1.8.7:  ditto
+	* doc/NEWS-1.9.1:  ditto
+	* doc/NEWS-1.9.2:  ditto
+	* doc/NEWS-1.9.3:  ditto
+
+Mon Dec  3 20:37:22 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_exec.c: check VM_COLLECT_USAGE_DETAILS.
+
+Mon Dec  3 20:28:02 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_specialized_instruction):
+	  change condition of using `opt_send_simple'.
+	  More method invocations can be simple.
+
+Mon Dec  3 20:03:38 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_objectspace.rb: skip RuntimeError
+	  which says a message "can't modify frozen File".
+	  Is that correct behavior?
+
+Mon Dec 03 20:00:19 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_exec.c: vm_analysis_insn should be static.
+
+Mon Dec  3 19:10:12 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* random.c (Init_Random), rational.c (Init_Rational): make marshal
+	  methods private.  [Feature #6539]
+
+Mon Dec  3 18:29:27 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.h: iseq_catch_table_entry::catch_type should be
+	  Fixnum because they are pushed into Array in a compiler.
+	  [Bug #7502]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_objectspace.rb: add a test of this issue.
+
+Mon Dec  3 18:25:16 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* template/id.h.tmpl (preserved_ids): "empty?" is not an attribute name.
+
+Mon Dec  3 16:23:09 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c (vm_backtrace_to_ary): check negative size (2nd arg).
+
+Mon Dec  3 15:50:33 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-additional.el (ruby-mode-set-encoding): Unbreak by
+	  fixing a typo, s/set/setq/.
+
+Mon Dec  3 14:14:19 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): joke shouldn't use id.h defined ids.
+
+	* id.c (Init_id): ditto.
+
+	* common.mk: fix dependency.
+
+Mon Dec  3 12:43:35 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-block-end-re, ruby-delimiter)
+	  (ruby-mode-syntax-table, ruby-parse-partial, ruby-beginning-of-indent):
+	  merge from Emacs.
+
+	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-calculate-indent): fix indentation of
+	  argument lines in parentheses.  [Bug #5140]
+
+Mon Dec  3 07:52:41 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/parser.rb:  Improved modeline support.  Patch by nobu.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_parser.rb:  Test for above.
+
+Sun Dec  3 00:06:00 2012  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_new): stop checking string
+	  taintness.  [Bug #5508] [ruby-core:40510]
+
+Sun Dec  2 19:26:47 2012  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (RB_GC_SAVE_MACHINE_CONTEXT, rb_gc_save_machine_context):
+	  extract rb_gc_save_machine_context to RB_GC_SAVE_MACHINE_CONTEXT.
+	  NOTE: machine_regs and machine_stack_end must be set in current scope.
+
+Sun Dec  2 18:46:24 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* array.c, enum.c, insns.def, io.c, numeric.c, parse.y, process.c,
+	  range.c: use prepared IDs.
+	  A patch from charliesome (Charlie Somerville).
+	  [Bug #7495]
+
+	* common.mk: add dependency to id.h.
+
+	* common.mk: replace ID_H_INCLUDES with id.h.
+
+Sun Dec  2 16:48:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/weakref.rb (rdoc): Clean up usage, add example,
+	  note ArgumentError on WeakRef.new
+
+Sun Dec  2 16:45:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* gc.c (WeakMap): Add doc for internal reference, use lib/weakref.rb
+
+Sun Dec  2 07:24:23 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/parser.rb:  Parse files with a -*- rdoc -*- modeline
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_parser.rb:  Test for above
+
+Sun Dec  2 06:02:00 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.h (SET_MACHINE_STACK_END): add volatile for preventing
+	  harmful optimization.  [ruby-dev:46665] [Bug #7468]
+
+Sun Dec  2 05:01:58 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_line_trace_each): iterate `line' event only.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_iseq.rb: add a test for this change.
+
+Sun Dec  2 02:46:04 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c: add TracePoint#inspect.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a test for this change.
+
+Sat Dec  1 21:18:19 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_backtrace.rb: add a test for
+	  Thread::Backtrace::Location#inspect.
+	  BTW, tests for `caller_locations' are not enough.
+	  Any volunteers are welcome.
+
+Sat Dec  1 21:06:58 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c (location_inspect_m): add
+	  Thread::Backtrace::Location#inspect.
+	  It same as loc_obj.to_s.inspect.
+
+Sat Dec  1 19:24:09 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_puts): recurse for the argument itself, not converted
+	  array elements.  [ruby-core:42444] [Bug #5986]
+
+Sat Dec  1 19:01:36 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (w_object, r_object0): call private marshal methods.
+	  [Feature #6539]
+
+Sat Dec  1 18:52:22 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/cleanup_command.rb:  Fix cleanup command for
+	  multiple gems.  [ruby-trunk - #7481] by Kouhei Sutou
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_cleanup_command.rb:  Test for above.
+	* lib/rubygems.rb:  Autoload Gem::Source to prevent test failures
+
+Sat Dec  1 18:17:00 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* complex.c (Init_Complex), time.c (Init_Time): make marshal methods
+	  private.  [Feature #6539]
+
+	* object.c (Init_Object): make remove_instance_variable public.
+	  [Feature #6539]
+
+	* id.c (Init_id), template/id.h.tmpl: add initialize_{copy,clone,dup}
+	  and respond_to_missing?.
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_make): make above methods private.
+	  [Feature #6539]
+
+Sat Dec  1 16:40:22 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb: move ConditionVariable related test
+	  into test/thread/test_cv.rb.
+	* test/thread/test_cv.rb: new file.
+	* test/thread/test_cv.rb (test_condvar_empty_signal): new tests.
+	* test/thread/test_cv.rb (test_condvar_empty_broadcast): ditto.
+
+Sat Dec  1 15:14:25 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_cv_wait_deadlock): enable
+	  cv deadlock test.
+
+Sat Dec  1 14:23:33 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/thread.rb (ConditionVariable): use hash instead of array for
+	  @waiters.
+	* test/thread/test_queue.rb (test_sized_queue_and_wakeup): remove
+	  a test because @waiters no longer have a chance to duplicated. Now it's
+	  a hash.
+
+Sat Dec  1 17:16:54 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-electric.el (ruby-electric-curlies): use kill-region
+	  instead of interactive command delete-backward-char.
+
+Sat Dec  1 17:12:55 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/inf-ruby.el (inferior-ruby-mode): fix the
+	  compilation-shell-minor-mode configuration.  a patch by
+	  j2petkov (Jean-Christophe Petkovich) in [ruby-core:46518].
+	  [Bug #6742]
+
+Sat Dec  1 15:05:30 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (glob_helper): use NAMLEN() to tell the length of d_name
+	  instead of strlen(), which can access beyond the boundary.
+
+Sat Dec  1 13:48:13 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/specification.rb:  Don't add default gems to $LOAD_PATH
+	  as they are already there.
+
+Sat Dec  1 12:22:17 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* re-added r38053 that is reverted by r38061. Problems by r38053
+	  are resolved by r38096. r38096 removed GEM_SKIP configuration.
+
+	  The below is ChangeLog of r38053:
+
+	* defs/default_gems: Add base directory column.
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb:
+	  - Install .gemspecs of default gem to
+	    #{GEM_HOME}/specifications/default/.
+	  - Update files parameter of .gemspecs by relative path from
+	    library directory.
+
+Sat Dec  1 11:09:12 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_class_path_no_cache): add a function to get the class
+	  path without caching the computed path. Some classes are frozen, and
+	  will raise an exception without this.
+
+	* probes.d (cmethod-entry, cmethod-return): separate cmethods from
+	  regular methods to match set trace func.
+
+	* probes_helper.h: refactor macros.  Fix probes to avoid calling
+	  #inspect when profiling.
+
+	* insns.def: update for use with new macros.
+
+	* vm_eval.c: ditto
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto
+
+	* test/dtrace/test_singleton_function.rb: fix test for new output.
+
+	* test/dtrace/test_cmethod.rb: test the cmethod probes.
+
+Sat Dec  1 09:44:16 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_options.rb:  Windows drive letters are
+	  case-insensitive.
+
+Sat Dec  1 09:42:13 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb:  Search for gem deps file up the directory tree.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem.rb:  Test for above.
+
+Sat Dec  1 09:33:32 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* test/runner.rb:  Set GEM_HOME, GEM_PATH and GEM_SKIP to empty set.
+	  With default_gem support in RubyGems GEM_SKIP prevents loading of
+	  built-in gems.
+
+Sat Dec  1 07:16:17 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* compile.c (ADD_CATCH_ENTRY): add a cast to fix SEGV with x64 mingw
+	  on Windows 8. Without cast, 0 might be non zero value at higher bits
+	  in rb_ary_new3().
+	  [ruby-core:50258] [Bug #7456]
+
+Sat Dec  1 04:07:57 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser.utf8): remove unused property.
+
+	* parse.y (UTF8_ENC): remove unused macro.
+
+	* parse.y (parser_tokadd_utf8): use rb_utf8_encoding() directly.
+
+Sat Dec  1 03:49:45 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/sync.rb (Sync_m#sync_synchronize): add Thread.async_interrupt_timing
+	  for protecting from async interrupt.
+	* lib/sync.rb (Sync_m#sync_lock): ditto.
+
+Sat Dec  1 03:38:04 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/thread.rb (ConditionVariable#broadcast): s/RuntimeError/StandardError/
+	* lib/thread.rb (ConditionVariable#signal): ditto.
+
+Sat Dec  1 03:29:52 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/thread.rb (SizedQueue#pop): rewrite by using ConditionVariable.
+	* lib/thread.rb (SizedQueue#push): ditto.
+	* lib/thread.rb (SizedQueue#max): ditto.
+	* lib/thread.rb (Queue#pop): ditto.
+	* lib/thread.rb (Queue#push): ditto.
+
+	* lib/thread.rb (SizedQueue#num_waiting): adopt the above changes.
+	* lib/thread.rb (SizedQueue#initialize): ditto.
+	* lib/thread.rb (Queue#num_waiting): ditto.
+	* lib/thread.rb (Queue#initialize): ditto.
+	* test/thread/test_queue.rb (test_sized_queue_and_wakeup): ditto.
+
+Sat Dec  1 03:45:47 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread.c (Thread.async_interrupt_timing): fix RDoc.
+	  :never is not used any more.
+
+Sat Dec  1 02:56:19 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c: add RubyVM::InstructionSequence (ISeq) inspection methods.
+	  * ISeq#path returns path of this ISeq written.
+	  * ISeq#absolute_path returns absolute path.
+	  * ISeq#label returns label (method name and so on).
+	  * ISeq#base_label returns base label (see Thread::Backtrace::Location).
+	  * ISeq#first_lineno returns first line number of this ISeq.
+	  * ISeq.of(obj) returns ISeq object which obj (Proc or Method)
+	    is contains.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_iseq.rb: add tests.
+
+Sat Dec  1 02:58:51 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_event_flag_t):  Maintain integer precision
+	  for clang error (VALUE aka unsigned long vs unsigned int)
+
+Sat Dec  1 02:53:18 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_dependency_installer.rb:  Use Gem.read_binary
+	  instead of File.binread for ruby 1.8 compatibility in the rubygems
+	  source repository.  Updates r38075
+
+Sat Dec  1 02:33:20 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_interrupt_mask, async_interrupt_timing_func):
+	  merge into them into rb_thread_s_async_interrupt_timing.
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_s_async_interrupt_timing): ditto.
+
+Sat Dec  1 02:11:47 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_interrupt_mask): add argument check.
+	* thread.c (async_interrupt_timing_arg_check_i): helper function
+	  for the above.
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_async_interrupt_timing_invalid_argument):
+	  test for the above.
+
+Sat Dec  1 01:19:34 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/thread.rb (ConditionVariable#broadcast): protect from
+	  async interrupt by using Thread.async_interrupt_timing.
+	* lib/thread.rb (ConditionVariable#signal): ditto.
+	* lib/thread.rb (ConditionVariable#wait): ditto.
+
+Sat Dec  1 02:04:23 2012  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert_in_out_err):
+	  raise if assert_in_out_err misused.
+
+Sat Dec  1 02:08:16 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_rubygems_hook.rb
+	  (TestRDocRubygemsHook#test_setup_unwritable): 1. check the existence
+	  of the file(directory) before touch it.  2. remove test
+	  file(directory) after the test.  see [ruby-core:50388].
+
+Sat Dec  1 01:51:06 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	[EXPERIMENTAL]
+	* iseq.c: add following two methods.
+	  * ISeq#line_trace_all returns all line traces (line numbers)
+	  * ISeq#line_trace_specify(pos, set) set `pos'th line event to
+	    specified_line event (if set is true).
+	  These features are introduced for debuggers (mainly to make
+	  breakpoint).
+
+	* iseq.h: add decl. of C APIs.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_iseq.rb: add tests.
+
+	* vm_trace.c: add `specified_line' event.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: ditto.
+
+Sat Dec  1 01:49:52 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_dependency_installer.rb: gems are of course
+	  binary files, so use a binary reading method when reading it.
+	  see [ruby-core:50388].
+
+Sat Dec  1 01:21:07 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/command.rb (Gem::Command#get_all_gem_names_and_versions):
+	  who assumes that the pathname of a gem never contains ':' ?
+	  yes, on Unixen pathnames can contain ':', and on Windows they almost
+	  certainly contain ':'.  see [ruby-core:50388].
+
+	* lib/rubygems/requirement.rb (Gem::Requirement::PATTERN_RAW): extract
+	  the regexp to match the version specifier from PATTERN to use in
+	  above method.
+
+Sat Dec  1 00:48:19 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/extconf.rb, ext/fiddle/function.c
+	  (Fiddle::Function::STDCALL): FFI_STDCALL is not a macro, but an
+	  enumeration. [ruby-core:50398] [Bug #7483]
+
+Sat Dec  1 00:08:55 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_installer.rb
+	  (TestGemInstaller#test_check_executable_overwrite_other_non_gem):
+	  on Windows, rubygems always generate a wrapper .bat file when
+	  installing a file into bin, so testing no-overwrite a wrapper file
+	  and a non-wrapper file is nonsense.  see [ruby-core:50388].
+
+Fri Nov 30 23:39:58 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_installer.rb
+	  (TestGemInstaller#test_check_executable_overwrite_default_bin_dir):
+	  if the executable to be overwritten was generated by rubygems, the
+	  error message differs from the only copied one's.
+	  see [ruby-core:50388].
+
+Fri Nov 30 23:27:26 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_ext_ext_conf_builder.rb
+	  (TestGemExtExtConfBuilder::test_class_make): reading with binary mode
+	  of course introduce \r on Windows.  see [ruby-core:50388].
+
+Fri Nov 30 23:11:37 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/specification.rb
+	  (Gem::Specification.validate_permissions): don't check executability
+	  of the source on Windows.  they will be wrapped to .bat files when
+	  installing.  see [ruby-core:50388].
+
+Fri Nov 30 22:44:14 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_struct): add thread_destruct_lock field.
+	* thread.c (Init_Thread): ditto.
+	* thread.c (rb_vm_gvl_destroy): ditto.
+
+	* thread.c (thread_start_func_2): make sure vm->running_thread
+	  don't point to dead thread.
+	* thread.c (timer_thread_function): close a race against thread
+	  destruction. [Bug #4911][ruby-dev:43859]
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_thread_set_current): reset running time of
+	  current thread instead of previous thread. We no longer
+	  assume previous running thread still live.
+
+Fri Nov 30 21:57:43 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* revert r38053 because it causes too many test failures.
+	  if you've already installed r38053 or later, remove the installed
+	  lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0 directory and reinstall this revision or later.
+
+Fri Nov 30 21:07:56 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit/parallel.rb (Test::Unit::Worker.run): wrap LoadError
+	  because it's Gem::LoadError sometimes.  see [Bug #6882]
+
+Fri Nov 30 20:47:44 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread.c: TracePoint#self returns invoking/exiting thread object
+	  at thread_begin/end event.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: fix test.
+
+Fri Nov 30 19:55:17 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/memory_status.rb (Memory::Win32): use fiddle instead of dl,
+	  but I doubt fiddle is not compatible with dl. (if you are interested,
+	  see the diff.)  [ruby-core:50194] [Bug #7443]
+
+Fri Nov 30 19:37:44 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* defs/default_gems: Add base directory column.
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb:
+	  - Install .gemspecs of default gem to
+	    #{GEM_HOME}/specifications/default/.
+	  - Update files parameter of .gemspecs by relative path from
+	    library directory.
+
+Fri Nov 30 19:30:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c:
+	  tracepoint_attr_return_value (TracePoint#return_value):
+	    include `:b_return` for method doc
+	  tracepoint_enable_m, tracepoint_disable_m (#enable/#disable):
+	    don't have block argument, document block scope
+
+Fri Nov 30 18:52:56 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (tracepoint_disable_m, tracepoint_enable_m):
+	  fix block parameter.
+	  No argument should be given to a block which is passed
+	  to TracePoint#enable (and disable).
+
+Fri Nov 30 18:23:26 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread.c: rename Thread.control_interrupt
+	  to Thread.async_interrupt_timing.
+	  The option name `:never' is also changed to  `:defer'.
+	  [ruby-core:50375] [ruby-trunk - Feature #6762]
+
+	* thread.c: remove Thread.check_interrupt.
+	  This method is difficult to understand by name.
+
+	* thread.c: add Thread.async_interrupted?.
+	  This method check any deferred async interrupts.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb: change tests for above.
+
+Fri Nov 30 18:24:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c: Documentation for TracePoint API
+	  [ruby-core:47243] [Feature #6895]
+
+Fri Nov 30 17:43:50 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_cmp_m): try to compare with to_str result if
+	  possible before calling <=> method.  [ruby-core:49279] [Bug #7342]
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_cmp_m): use rb_check_funcall instead of respond_to
+	  and call.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_cmp_m): return fixed value, one of -1,0,+1 always.
+
+Fri Nov 30 16:19:14 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): get rid of calling methods in sigsegv
+	  handler.  based on a patch by charliesome (Charlie Somerville)
+	  [ruby-core:49573] [Bug #7402]
+
+Fri Nov 30 16:05:44 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* NEWS:  Added RubyGems 2.0.0
+
+Fri Nov 30 15:24:37 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (parser_yylex): fix false usage of local variable, it cannot
+	  appear in fname state [ruby-core:49659] [Bug #7408]
+
+Fri Nov 30 15:20:12 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/package.rb:  Load YAML for building gems.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_contents_command.rb:  Sort expected
+	  output of default gem contents.  Re-fixes r38004 and r38005.
+
+Fri Nov 30 15:15:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (set_trace_func): Formatting of params and events
+
+Fri Nov 30 14:45:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/net/http.rb: Net::HTTP::Patch to list of HTTP Request Classes
+	  Patch by Ryunosuke SATO [Fixes #217 on github]
+
+Fri Nov 30 14:05:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/cgi.rb: CGI example for HTML generation
+	  Patch by Marcus Stollsteimer [ruby-core:50303] [Bug #7465]
+
+Fri Nov 30 13:52:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* time.c: Documentation improvements, grammar and formatting
+	  Patch by Bernd Homuth [ruby-core:49203] [Bug #7326]
+
+Fri Nov 30 13:48:33 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc.rb:  Set version to 4.0.0.preview2
+	* lib/rubygems.rb:  Set version to 2.0.0.preview2
+
+Fri Nov 30 13:11:53 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/setup_command.rb:  Remove old files on install
+	  of RubyGems.  (not by rbinstall.rb).
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_setup_command.rb:  Test for above.
+
+Fri Nov 30 12:47:59 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/abbrev.rb (Abbrev#abbrev): A fixed string prefix pattern
+	  should only match the beginning of each word, not the beginning
+	  of every line in it.
+
+	* lib/abbrev.rb (Abbrev#abbrev): Stop using a regexp that causes a
+	  false warning. [Bug #7471]
+
+Fri Nov 30 12:30:55 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* test/test_abbrev.rb: Add tests for lib/abbrev.rb.
+
+Fri Nov 30 12:27:51 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/spec_fetcher.rb:  Allow prerelease spec fetching to fail
+	  for bundler.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_spec_fetcher.rb:  Test for above.
+
+Fri Nov 30 12:20:53 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rake/backtrace.rb:  Removed duplication in
+	  Rake::Backtrace::SUPPRESSED_PATHS
+	* test/rake/test_rake_backtrace.rb:  Skip tests when tmpdir is in the
+	  suppressed pattern.
+
+Fri Nov 30 11:07:45 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* revert r37993 to avoid SEGV in tests.
+
+Fri Nov 30 10:38:54 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/ri/driver.rb:  Relaxed matching for pages to be more
+	  user-friendly.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_ri_driver.rb:   Test for above.
+
+Fri Nov 30 09:50:16 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/markdown.rb:  Fixed warnings with -w
+
+Fri Nov 30 09:38:22 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RB_GC_GUARD_PTR): add note.
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c (backtrace_to_str_ary): use RB_GC_GUARD() instead of
+	  RB_GC_GUARD_PTR() which has no effect.
+	  (backtrace_to_location_ary): ditto.
+	  (vm_backtrace_to_ary): ditto.
+
+Fri Nov 30 09:22:52 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/commands/contents_command.rb:  Sort output from command.
+	  Replaces r38004, r38005
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_contents_command.rb:  ditto.
+
+	* lib/rubygems/defaults.rb:  Use Gem.path_separator for jruby support.
+	* lib/rubygems/path_support.rb:  ditto
+
+Fri Nov 30 08:34:03 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/generator/darkfish.rb:  Silenced warning
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_rdoc.rb:  ditto
+
+	* lib/rdoc/markup/parser.rb:  Use byteslice when available for
+	  performance
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_markup_parser.rb:  Test for above
+	* lib/rdoc/test_case.rb:  ditto
+
+	* lib/rdoc/parser/ruby.rb:  Fixed bug parsing yield({})
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_parser_ruby.rb (end):
+
+	* lib/rdoc/rubygems_hook.rb:  Skip default gems.  Display generator
+	  name properly.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_rubygems_hook.rb:  Test for above
+
+	* lib/rdoc/servlet.rb:  Fixed typo.
+
+Fri Nov 30 08:09:56 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c : remove a unused function.
+
+Fri Nov 30 07:46:42 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace_call_finalizer): finalize_deferred may free up
+	  a object which is reachable from a part after this function,
+	  e.g. ruby_vm_destruct(). [ruby-dev:46647] [Bug #7452]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb (test_finalizing_main_thread): add a test
+	  for above.
+
+Fri Nov 30 07:43:44 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_interrupted): avoid warning of
+	  implicit conversion.
+
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts): ditto.
+
+Fri Nov 30 07:34:28 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c: add GC guards.
+
+Fri Nov 30 07:21:33 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	[EXPERIMENTAL: NEED DISCUSS]
+	* vm_trace.c: add events
+	  * :thread_begin - hook at thread beginning.
+	  * :thread_end - hook at thread ending.
+	  * :b_call - hook at block enter.
+	  * :b_return - hook at block leave.
+	  This change slow down block invocation.
+	  Please try and give us feedback until 2.0 code freeze.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: ditto.
+
+	* compile.c (rb_iseq_compile_node): ditto.
+
+	* insns.def: ditto.
+
+	* thread.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm.c: ditto.
+
+	* include/ruby/debug.h: add a comment.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add a tests.
+
+Fri Nov 30 06:56:30 2012  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
+
+	* test/minitest/*: Imported minitest 4.3.2 (r8027)
+
+Fri Nov 30 04:16:29 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rake/*:  Updated to rake 0.9.5
+	* test/rake/*:  ditto.
+	* NEWS:  ditto.
+
+Fri Nov 30 02:53:47 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* vm.c: add a return hook when a method raises an exception.
+
+	* probes_helper.h: look up klass and method if none are provided.
+
+	* eval.c: update macro usage.
+
+	* vm_eval.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
+
+	* test/dtrace/test_function_entry.rb: test for change.
+
+Fri Nov 30 02:27:12 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (compile_array_): refix r37991 remove assertion:
+	  it is true only if type == COMPILE_ARRAY_TYPE_HASH.
+	  [ruby-dev:46658] [Bug #7466]
+
+	* vm.c (m_core_hash_from_ary): add assertion instead of above.
+
+	* vm.c (m_core_hash_merge_ary): ditto.
+
+Thu Nov 29 19:15:14 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (compile_array_): hash elements must be paired even for
+	  literal elements.  [ruby-dev:46658] [Bug #7466]
+
+Thu Nov 29 22:39:35 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ssl_npn_encode_protocol_i): fix byte order
+	  issue on big-endian architecture [ruby-core:50292] [Bug #7463]
+
+Thu Nov 29 22:23:31 2012  Hiroshi Nakamura  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_cipher.rb (test_ctr_if_exists): add CTR mode test
+	  if underlying OpenSSL supports it. See #4408
+
+Thu Nov 29 21:42:16 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_make): add a method entry with
+	  VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED to the class refined by the refinement if
+	  the target module is a refinement.  When a method entry with
+	  VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF is invoked by vm_call_method(), a method with
+	  the same name is searched in refinements.  If such a method is
+	  found, the method is invoked.  Otherwise, the original method in
+	  the refined class (rb_method_definition_t::body.orig_def) is
+	  invoked.  This change is made to simplify the normal method lookup
+	  and to improve the performance of normal method calls.
+
+	* vm_method.c (EXPR1, search_method, rb_method_entry),
+	  vm_eval.c (rb_call0, rb_search_method_entry): do not use
+	  refinements for method lookup.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): search methods in refinements if
+	  ci->me is VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED.  If the method is called by
+	  super (i.e., ci->call == vm_call_super_method), skip the same
+	  method entry as the current method to avoid infinite call of the
+	  same method.
+
+	* class.c (include_modules_at): add a refined method entry for each
+	  method defined in a module included in a refinement.
+
+	* class.c (rb_prepend_module): set an empty table to
+	  RCLASS_M_TBL(klass) to add refined method entries, because
+	  refinements should have priority over prepended modules.
+
+	* proc.c (mnew): use rb_method_entry_with_refinements() to get
+	  a refined method.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb (test_inline_method_cache): do not skip
+	  the test because it should pass successfully.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb (test_redefine_refined_method): new
+	  test for the case a refined method is redefined.
+
+Thu Nov 29 17:45:10 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* variable.c (rb_const_set): show namespace in warning messages.
+	  [Feature #7190]
+
+Thu Nov 29 17:31:53 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems.rb (Gem.load_yaml): return if Kernel#gem is not defined
+	  yet. This causes crash if test-all requires libraries in a certain
+	  order. A simple reproducible code is
+	  ruby --disable-gem -e'require"yaml";require"minitest/autorun"'
+
+Thu Nov 29 17:19:26 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/tracer.rb:  Updated to match removal of custom_require from
+	  RubyGems.
+	* test/test_tracer.rb:  ditto.  Improved failure message if the test
+	  fails
+
+Thu Nov 29 17:15:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* gc.c: Documentation for GC, GC::Profiler, ObjectSpace, and
+	  ObjectSpace::WeakMap [ruby-core:50245] [Bug #7449]
+
+Thu Nov 29 17:12:26 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/generic_erb.rb, tool/id2token.rb: add --path-separator option
+	  for mingw where make and built ruby live in different world.
+
+	* tool/vpath.rb: extract from tool/instruction.rb.
+
+Thu Nov 29 17:11:06 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/io/wait/test_io_wait.rb (TestIOWait#fill_pipe):
+	  Errno::EWOULDBLOCK may not be the same as Errno::EAGAIN.  patch by
+	  phasis68 (Heesob Park) at [ruby-core:49894].  [Bug #7420]
+
+Thu Nov 29 17:03:38 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb:  Determine path to certificates to avoid
+	  build-dir problems.
+	* test/rubygems/test_gem_security_signer.rb:  Use predetermined paths
+	  to avoid build-dir problems.
+
+Thu Nov 29 16:18:14 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb:  Disable loading of keys and certificates
+	  outside rubygems or ruby tests as the files are not available (or
+	  necessary).
+
+Thu Nov 29 16:14:41 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c (rb_debug_inspector_open): use RARRAY_LENINT() for
+	  int variable.
+
+Thu Nov 29 15:59:55 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/debug.h: add rb_debug_inspector_* APIs.
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c: ditto.
+
+	* common.mk: add dependency from vm_backtrace.o to
+	  include/ruby/debug.h.
+
+	* proc.c (rb_binding_new_with_cfp): constify.
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_get_ruby_level_next_cfp): constify.
+
+	* vm_core.h, vm_trace.c: move decls.
+
+Thu Nov 29 15:56:14 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/test_case.rb (RDoc::TestCase#verbose_capture_io):
+	  defined for asserts of warnings.
+
+	* test/rdoc: use verbose_capture_io on asserts of warnings.
+	  they failed when tests was run with RUBYOPT=-W0.
+
+Thu Nov 29 15:53:38 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/psych/extconf.rb: added --enable-bundled-libyaml option.  this
+	  enforces using bundled libyaml.
+
+Thu Nov 29 15:51:54 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rubygems*:  Updated to RubyGems 2.0
+	* test/rubygems*:  ditto.
+
+	* common.mk (prelude):  Updated for RubyGems 2.0 source rearrangement.
+
+	* tool/change_maker.rb:  Allow invalid UTF-8 characters in source
+	  files.
+
+Thu Nov 29 15:38:14 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/debug.h: provide rb_tracearg_*() APIs,
+	  instead of rb_tracepoint_attr_*().
+	  These APIs are for debuggers/profilers.
+	  They will be explained in another docs sometime.
+
+	* vm_trace.c: ditto.
+
+Thu Nov 29 15:10:45 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/minitest/test_minitest_unit.rb: restore orig_verbose only
+	  if it is set. This broke rdoc's tests.
+	  http://u64.rubyci.org/~chkbuild/ruby-trunk/log/20121129T050102Z.diff.html.gz
+
+Thu Nov 29 14:56:30 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_tracepoint_attr_method_id):
+	  rename TracePoint#id to TracePoint#method_id.
+
+	* include/ruby/debug.h: ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: ditto,
+
+Thu Nov 29 14:49:10 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_tracepoint_attr_defined_class):
+	  rename TracePoint#klass to TracePoint#defined_class.
+	  [ruby-core:50187] Re: [ruby-trunk - Feature #6895]
+
+	* include/ruby/debug.h: ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu Nov 29 14:27:57 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_stat): prepare Symbol objects at first time
+	  to make it fast.
+
+Thu Nov 29 14:02:15 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_stat): GC.stat supports new information
+	  * total_allocated_object: total allocated object number.
+	  * total_freed_object: total freed object number.
+	  Above two numbers are only accumulated and they will
+	  overflow (return to 0). Please use them as a hint.
+
+Thu Nov 29 12:13:54 2012  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
+
+	* lib/minitest/*: Imported minitest 4.3.2 (r8026)
+	* test/minitest/*: ditto
+
+Thu Nov 29 11:06:06 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_start_func_2): remove unused code. When
+	  th->safe_level == 4, th->errinfo never be thrown. So, to
+	  create new exception makes no sense.
+
+Thu Nov 29 10:29:53 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c: same as a last patch.
+
+Thu Nov 29 10:24:25 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c: use `long' for return values of `NUM2LONG()'.
+
+Thu Nov 29 09:52:08 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (do_select): suppress warning (uninitialized value warning)
+	  with UNINITIALIZED_VAR().
+
+Thu Nov 29 09:36:09 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): delay THREAD_KILLED timing.
+	  It should be located just before rb_thread_terminate_all().
+
+Thu Nov 29 09:10:17 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c (vm_backtrace_to_ary): support range argument
+	  like Array#[].
+	  [ruby-core:50092] [ruby-trunk - Feature #7434]
+	  Test and document is not available. Please help us.
+
+Thu Nov 29 06:46:33 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_start_func_2): small cleanups.
+
+Thu Nov 29 06:37:08 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_start_func_2): remove unused code.
+	  this function never be used for main thread.
+
+Thu Nov 29 06:27:55 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_start_func_2): remove unused code.
+	  errinfo = th->errinfo; and errinfo = rb_errinfo(); are
+	  the same.
+
+Thu Nov 29 05:26:32 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c (backtrace_to_str_ary2): rename to backtrace_to_str_ary.
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c (rb_backtrace_to_str_ary): use `backtrace_to_str_ary()'.
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c (backtrace_to_frame_ary): rename to
+	  backtrace_to_location_ary.
+
+Thu Nov 29 05:19:25 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* probes.d: Change function-entry probe to method-entry.
+	* insns.def: ditto
+	* probes_helper.h: ditto
+	* test/dtrace/test_function_entry.rb: ditto
+	* test/dtrace/test_singleton_function.rb: ditto
+	* vm.c: ditto
+	* vm_eval.c: ditto
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: ditto
+
+Thu Nov 29 04:45:17 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c: rename Class name from
+	  ::RubyVM::Backtrace and ::RubyVM::Backtrace::Location
+	  to ::Thread::Backtrace and ::Thread::Backtrace::Location.
+
+Wed Nov 28 23:52:02 2012  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS (Thread) remove incompatible changes about trap.
+
+Wed Nov 28 23:39:01 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_mutex_sleep): fix to allow spurious wakeup.
+	  [ruby-dev:46654] [ruby-trunk - Bug #7455]
+
+	* NEWS: write about spurious wakeup.
+
+Wed Nov 28 22:57:23 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread_win32.c: catch up latest change of BLOCKING_REGION.
+
+Wed Nov 28 22:54:21 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): fix undefined behavior.
+	  Should not access scope local variable from outer scope.
+
+Wed Nov 28 22:20:55 2012  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_thread_status_in_trap): change test for
+	  thread status in trap. now can accept Thread#join and Thread#value in trap.
+
+Wed Nov 28 21:58:47 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/thread.h (rb_thread_call_without_gvl2): change
+	  meaning of function.
+	  This function is called with same parameters of
+	  `rb_thread_call_without_gvl()'.
+	  However, if interrupts are detected, then return immediately.
+
+	* thread.c: implement `rb_thread_call_without_gvl2()'.
+
+Wed Nov 28 21:31:21 2012  Masaya Tarui  <tarui@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_join_sleep): check spurious wakeup by itself for
+	corresponding status change in trap context.
+	* vm_core.h (struct rb_thread_struct): add rb_thread_list_t and use as join_list for
+	reentry by trap context.
+	* thread.c (thread_start_func_2): ditto.
+	* thread.c (remove_from_join_list): ditto.
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_atfork): ditto.
+	* thread.c (thread_join): ditto. & remove trap handler check.
+	* thread.c (sleep_forever): add argument : spurious_check.
+	* thread.c (sleep_timeval): ditto.
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_sleep_forever): set spurious_check.
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_sleep_deadly): ditto.
+	* thread.c (sleep_for_polling): ditto.
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_wait_for): ditto.
+	* thread.c (sleep_wait_for_interrupt): bypass spurious_check.
+
+Wed Nov 28 21:23:18 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/psych/yaml/emitter.c (yaml_emitter_write_indicator): constify.
+
+	* ext/psych/yaml/emitter.c (yaml_emitter_write_block_scalar_hints):
+	  ditto.
+
+	* ext/psych/extconf.rb: mingw32 also needs macros for win32, not
+	  only mswin32.
+
+	* ext/psych/extconf.rb: compile sources in the source directory
+	  without copying by using VPATH.
+
+Wed Nov 28 21:18:57 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#each_compile_rules): splat $(*VPATH*) for
+	  each VPATH elements.
+
+Wed Nov 28 16:40:14 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_core.h (enum rb_thread_status): remove THREAD_TO_KILL
+	* vm_core.h (struct rb_thread_struct): add to_kill field
+	* thread.c (terminate_i): convert THREAD_TO_KILL to to_kill.
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_to_kill): ditto.
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_kill): ditto.
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_wakeup_alive): ditto.
+	* thread.c (thread_list_i): ditto.
+	* thread.c (static const char): ditto.
+	* thread.c (thread_status_name): ditto.
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_status): ditto.
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_inspect): ditto.
+	* vm_backtrace.c (thread_backtrace_to_ary): ditto.
+
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts): fix thread status
+	  overwritten issue. [Bug #7450] [ruby-core:50249]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_hread_status_raise_after_kill):
+	  test for the above.
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_thread_status_in_trap): test for
+	  thread status in trap.
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_status_and_stop_p): remove
+	  Thread.control_interrupt unsafe test. Thread#kill no longer
+	  changes thread status. Instead of, Thread#kill receiver changes
+	  their own status when receiving kill signal.
+
+Wed Nov 28 16:21:46 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (struct rb_mutex_struct): add allow_trap field.
+	* internal.h (rb_mutex_allow_trap): added.
+	* thread.c (rb_mutex_lock, rb_mutex_unlock): check mutex->allow_trap.
+	* thread.c (mutex_sleep): remove trap check because it uses
+	  rb_mutex_lock and rb_mutex_unlock internally.
+	* thread.c (rb_mutex_allow_trap): new helper function for the above.
+
+	* io.c (io_binwrite): mark fptr->write_lock as writable in trap.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (test_trap_puts): test for the above.
+
+Wed Nov 28 16:59:12 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* proc.c: remove Proc#== and Proc#eql?.
+	  Proc objects compared with their object ids.
+	  [Bug #4559]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_proc.rb: remove related test.
+
+Wed Nov 28 16:41:04 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/servlet.rb:  Add support for serving documentation from a
+	  subdirectory.
+	* lib/rdoc/generator/darkfish.rb:  ditto
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_servlet.rb:  Test for above
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_servlet.rb:  ditto
+
+Wed Nov 28 15:37:17 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: fix r37924: run only on i[3-6]86-linux.
+
+Wed Nov 28 15:31:11 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (FMODE_SYNCWRITE): removed unused macro.
+
+Wed Nov 28 15:19:25 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: revert r37911, r37906 and r37904 which break build
+	  with non-gcc and/or non-IA32 compilers, e.g. Solaris Studio,
+	  Fujitsu C Compiler. [ruby-dev:46646] [Bug #7451]
+
+Wed Nov 28 14:50:55 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/psych/extconf.rb: copy sources into build directory,
+	  not into srcdir.
+
+Wed Nov 28 14:34:06 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_mutex_lock): moved trap context check from
+	  rb_mutex_trylock because try_lock have no change to make
+	  a deadlock.
+	* thread.c (rb_mutex_trylock): ditto.
+	* NEWS: news for the above.
+
+Wed Nov 28 13:39:54 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_s_new): uses main_thread->status instead of
+	  th->inhibit_thread_creation for preventing thread creation.
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_struct): remove inhibit_thread_creation field.
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_terminate_all): ditto.
+
+Wed Nov 28 13:27:29 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/extconf.rb: use embedded libyaml if no system libyaml is
+	  found. [ruby-core:49463]
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: updating to psych 2.0.0
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/deprecated.rb: updated docs
+	* ext/psych/psych.gemspec: updated to psych 2.0.0
+	* ext/psych/psych.h: fixing header file include for rename
+	* ext/psych/psych_emitter.c: renamed to avoid libyaml conflict.
+	* ext/psych/psych_emitter.h: ditto
+	* ext/psych/psych_parser.c: ditto
+	* ext/psych/psych_parser.h: ditto
+	* ext/psych/psych_to_ruby.c: ditto
+	* ext/psych/psych_to_ruby.h: ditto
+	* ext/psych/psych_yaml_tree.c: ditto
+	* ext/psych/psych_yaml_tree.h: ditto
+	* ext/psych/yaml/LICENSE: embedding libyaml 0.1.4
+	* ext/psych/yaml/api.c: ditto
+	* ext/psych/yaml/config.h: ditto
+	* ext/psych/yaml/dumper.c: ditto
+	* ext/psych/yaml/emitter.c: ditto
+	* ext/psych/yaml/loader.c: ditto
+	* ext/psych/yaml/parser.c: ditto
+	* ext/psych/yaml/reader.c: ditto
+	* ext/psych/yaml/scanner.c: ditto
+	* ext/psych/yaml/writer.c: ditto
+	* ext/psych/yaml/yaml.h: ditto
+	* ext/psych/yaml/yaml_private.h: ditto
+
+Wed Nov 28 12:54:59 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_join): A trap handler check was moved from
+	  thread_join_m because Thread#value should be raised an exception
+	  too.
+	* thread.c (thread_join_m): remove trap handler check.
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_thread_join_in_trap): add test
+	  for thread#value.
+	* NEWS: documentation fix for the above.
+
+Wed Nov 28 11:07:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/closure.c: Documentation for Fiddle
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/import.rb: ditto
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/value.rb: ditto
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/pack.rb: ditto
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/cparser.rb: ditto
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/struct.rb: ditto
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/function.rb: ditto
+
+Wed Nov 28 09:15:51 2012  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
+
+	* ext/strscan/strscan.c: Added #charpos for multibyte string position.
+	* test/strscan/test_stringscanner.rb: ditto
+
+Wed Nov 28 09:00:34 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/fiddle.c: adding alignment constants for compatibility
+	  with DL.
+	* ext/fiddle/fiddle.h: ditto
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/cparser.rb: importing the C parser for DL
+	  backwards compatibility.
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/import.rb: importing the import DSL for DL
+	  backwards compatibility.
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/pack.rb: importing structure pack for DL
+	  backwards compatibility.
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/value.rb: ditto
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/struct.rb: importing struct DSL for DL backwards
+	  compatibility.
+	* test/dl/test_c_struct_entry.rb: importing tests
+	* test/dl/test_c_union_entity.rb: ditto
+	* test/dl/test_cparser.rb: ditto
+	* test/dl/test_import.rb: ditto
+	* test/fiddle/test_c_struct_entry.rb: ditto
+	* test/fiddle/test_c_union_entity.rb: ditto
+	* test/fiddle/test_cparser.rb: ditto
+	* test/fiddle/test_import.rb: ditto
+
+Wed Nov 28 08:56:00 2012  Zachary Scott <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* doc/globals.rdoc: Add documentation file for magic globals
+	[ruby-core:29048] [Bug #3022]
+
+Wed Nov 28 08:55:00 2012  Zachary Scott <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* .document: Add README's to be included with docs
+
+Wed Nov 28 08:26:00 2012  Zachary Scott <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* ext/dl/lib/dl.rb: Deprecation notice for DL
+
+Wed Nov 28 08:25:00 2012  Zachary Scott <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/closure.c: Documentation for Fiddle
+	* ext/fiddle/pointer.c: ditto
+	* ext/fiddle/function.c: ditto
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle.rb: ditto
+	* ext/fiddle/fiddle.c: ditto
+	* ext/fiddle/handle.c: ditto
+
+Wed Nov 28 04:53:40 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/fiddle/handle.c: Make Fiddle independent of DL, copy DL::Handle
+	  to Fiddle::Handle.
+	* ext/fiddle/pointer.c: Make Fiddle independent of DL, copy
+	  DL::Pointer to Fiddle::Pointer.
+	* test/fiddle/test_func.rb: relevant tests
+	* test/fiddle/test_handle.rb: ditto
+	* test/fiddle/test_pointer.rb: ditto
+	* ext/dl/lib/dl/struct.rb: use Fiddle::Pointer if available
+	* ext/fiddle/extconf.rb: check for dlfcn.h
+	* ext/fiddle/fiddle.c: add constants for sizeof() things
+	* ext/fiddle/fiddle.h: include dlfcn.h
+	* ext/fiddle/function.c: expose a C function for creating new
+	  Fiddle::Function objects.
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle.rb: include constants for dl backwards compat
+	* ext/fiddle/lib/fiddle/function.rb: read the pointer from the
+	  function for dl backwards compat.
+	* test/dl/test_callback.rb: check the addresses of the pointers rather
+	  than their types.
+	* test/fiddle/helper.rb: remove dependency on dl
+	* test/fiddle/test_closure.rb: ditto
+	* test/fiddle/test_fiddle.rb: ditto
+
+Wed Nov 28 03:03:28 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (opt-dir): don't use non portable flag -E of sed.
+
+Wed Nov 28 02:55:35 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (ARCH_FLAG): __sync_val_compare_and_swap_4 needs
+	  -march=$target_cpu on at least linux gcc 4.1.
+	  patched by KOSAKI Motohiro
+
+Tue Nov 27 22:03:09 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_enumerate_chars, rb_str_enumerate_codepoints)
+	  (rb_str_enumerate_lines): Dummy initialization of ary has been
+	  replaced with UNINITIALIZED_VAR().
+
+Tue Nov 27 21:29:00 2012  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* bignum.c (bigdivrem): optimize the way to retry calculation of
+	  bigdivrem so that the calculation is started from the point where
+	  the last interruption was occurred.
+
+	* bignum.c (bigdivrem1): ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_bignum.rb: add a test case for rb_bigdivrem in the
+	  case that an interruption is occurred during bigdivrem1 is running.
+
+Tue Nov 27 19:56:43 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_make_env_object): make Proc object if Env is possible
+	  to point block.
+	  [ruby-core:41038] [ruby-trunk - Bug #5634]
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_make_proc): No need to make Proc object here.
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_proc.rb: add tests.
+
+Tue Nov 27 18:51:06 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* ruby_atomic.h (ATOMIC_CAS): added for Solaris and other platforms.
+	* ruby_atomic.h, signal.c (NEED_RUBY_ATOMIC_OPS): renamed from
+	  NEED_RUBY_ATOMIC_EXCHANGE.
+	* signal.c (ruby_atomic_compare_and_swap): naive, non-atomic
+	  compare-and-swap implementation only used for platforms without
+	  valid support for atomic operations.
+
+Tue Nov 27 17:43:46 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/*:  Added --root option for building documentation outside
+	  the source directory.
+	* test/rdoc/*:  ditto
+	* common.mk (rdoc):  Added --root to rdoc rule
+
+Tue Nov 27 16:24:45 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_ri_paths.rb:  Fixed duplicate path bug which
+	  caused windows failures.
+
+Tue Nov 27 16:06:00 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_generator_darkfish.rb:  Updated tests for windows
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_options.rb:  ditto
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_parser.rb:  ditto
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_rdoc.rb:  ditto
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_ri_driver.rb:  ditto
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_servlet.rb:  ditto
+
+Tue Nov 27 15:13:51 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* common.mk (rdoc):  Set --debug for rdoc generation in case of bugs
+
+Tue Nov 27 14:56:45 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc/rubygems_hook.rb:  Updated for (upcoming) RubyGems 2
+	  import.
+	* test/rdoc/test_rdoc_rubygems_hook.rb:  ditto
+
+Tue Nov 27 13:59:29 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* NEWS: add improvements of the garbage collector.
+
+Tue Nov 27 13:27:46 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rdoc*:  Updated to RDoc 4.0 (pre-release)
+	* bin/rdoc:  ditto
+	* test/rdoc*:  ditto
+	* NEWS:  Updated with RDoc 4.0 information
+
+Tue Nov 27 12:17:11 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_terminate_all): retry broadcast only when
+	  an exception is raised.
+
+Tue Nov 27 12:02:25 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_terminate_all): broadcast terminate event
+	  not only an interrupt exception but any exceptions.
+
+Tue Nov 27 10:55:09 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): set thread status to THREAD_KILLED
+	  for preventing thr.raise.
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_main_thread_status_at_exit):
+	  test for the above.
+
+Tue Nov 27 10:31:29 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_terminate_all): suppress a warning.
+
+Tue Nov 27 09:29:11 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_join): raises ThreadError if target thread
+	  is a main thread.
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_thread_join_main_thread):
+	  test for the above.
+	* NEWS: news for the above.
+
+Tue Nov 27 09:24:47 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_join): raises ThreadError if target thread
+	  is a current thread.
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_thread_join_current):
+	  test for the above.
+	* NEWS: news for the above.
+
+Tue Nov 27 09:59:16 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb (extmake): close mkmf.log for each libraries so that
+	  failure messages are not mixed.
+
+Tue Nov 27 09:58:48 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/digest/*/extconf.rb, ext/openssl/extconf.rb: get git rid of
+	  post-1.8 feature require_relative for cross compilation.
+	  [ruby-core:50160] [Bug #7439]
+
+Tue Nov 27 09:17:59 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* NEWS: add TracePoint.
+
+Tue Nov 27 08:16:03 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c: rename TracePoint#file and TracePoint#line
+	  to TracePoint#path and TracePoint#lineno respectively.
+	  They are consistent to RubyVM::Backtrace::Location.
+
+	* include/ruby/debug.h: ditto.
+
+	* vm_core.h: ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: ditto.
+
+Tue Nov 27 08:04:26 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_terminate_all): broadcast eTerminateSignal
+	  again when Ctrl-C was pressed. [Feature #1952] [ruby-dev:39107]
+
+Tue Nov 27 07:58:03 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: add members to rb_trace_arg_t:
+	  * `klass_solved' represents klass and id is checked.
+	  * `line' represents line calculated from cfp.
+	  * `file' represents line calculated from cfp.
+
+	* vm_trace.c: fix to use above data structures.
+	  No need to calculate klass and id, line and file
+	  pairs for each trace points.
+
+Tue Nov 27 07:47:09 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_terminate_all): add RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS_BLOCKING().
+	  Otherwise the loop in this function behave as busy loop because
+	  native_sleep() return immediately when RUBY_VM_INTERRUPTED() is true.
+
+Tue Nov 27 04:12:49 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb (extmake): git rid of post-1.8 features for cross
+	  compilation.  [ruby-core:50160] [Bug #7439]
+
+Tue Nov 27 00:13:41 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_mutex_trylock, rb_mutex_unlock, mutex_sleep):
+	  raises ThreadError if called from trap handler as Thread#join.
+	* NEWS: news for the above.
+
+Mon Nov 26 23:55:33 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* NEWS: update for Thread#join incompatible change.
+
+Mon Nov 26 22:44:24 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_terminate_all): use native_sleep() instead
+	  of rb_thread_schedule(). Otherwise, it consume 100% cpu meaninglessly.
+	  [Bug #5368] [ruby-dev:44546]
+	* thread.c (thread_start_func_2): last sub-thread wakes up main thread.
+
+Mon Nov 26 21:16:04 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_core.h (RUBY_VM_SET_TIMER_INTERRUPT, RUBY_VM_SET_INTERRUPT)
+	(RUBY_VM_SET_FINALIZER_INTERRUPT, RUBY_VM_SET_TRAP_INTERRUPT)
+	(RUBY_VM_INTERRUPTED): use enum symbol instead of immediate value.
+	* thread.c (thread_join_m, rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts): ditto.
+	* signal.c (signal_exec): ditto.
+
+Mon Nov 26 20:23:20 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_join_m): use th->interrupt_mask instead of
+	  th->in_trap.
+
+	* vm_core.h (struct rb_thread_struct): remove in_trap member.
+	* signal.c (signal_exec): ditto.
+	* thread.c (thread_create_core): ditto.
+	* thread.c (Init_Thread): ditto.
+
+Mon Nov 26 20:23:49 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_argf.rb (TestArgf#test_chars): since marshal data is
+	  binary, shouldn't pass via text mode.  use base64 encoded data.
+
+Mon Nov 26 19:45:18 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ruby_atomic.h (ATOMIC_CAS): new macro for compare-and-exchange.
+
+	* vm_core.h (struct rb_thread_struct): add interrupt_mask member.
+	* thread.c (thread_create_core, Init_Thread): initialize
+	  th->thread_mask.
+
+	* vm_core.h (RUBY_VM_INTERRUPTED_ANY): new macro for avoiding
+	  bare th->interrupt_flag.
+	* vm_core.h (RUBY_VM_INTERRUPTED, RUBY_VM_INTERRUPTED): check
+	  th->interrupt_mask.
+	* thread.c (set_unblock_function, rb_thread_schedule): replace
+	  th->interrupt_flag with RUBY_VM_INTERRUPTED_ANY()
+
+	* signal.c (signal_exec): set up thread->interrupt_mask for
+	  preventing recursive trap handler.
+	* vm_core.h (RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS, RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS_BLOCKING): ditto.
+
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts):
+	  don't process interrupt if it is masked.
+	  [Bug #6009] [ruby-core:42524]
+
+Mon Nov 26 19:43:42 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (make_compile_option_value): add trace_instruction option.
+	  a patch by davidbalbert (David Albert).
+	  [Bug #6786]
+
+Mon Nov 26 19:10:53 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_thread.rb: try to `join' each 100
+	  threads.
+	  This benchmark seems consuming long time on travis-ci
+	  several times (and make `failure').
+
+Mon Nov 26 18:22:56 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* common.mk: specify label `built-ruby'.
+
+	* benchmark/driver.rb: quote path.
+
+Mon Nov 26 18:26:28 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* signal.c (signal_exec): add volatile to make sure setjmp safe.
+
+Mon Nov 26 18:19:47 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* signal.c (signal_exec): suppress "warning: variable 'signum'
+	  might be clobbered by 'longjmp' or 'vfork'" warning.
+
+Mon Nov 26 18:15:47 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/driver.rb: accept multiple `-e'.
+	  You don't need to use `;' separation character.
+	  [ruby-core:50139] [ruby-trunk - Bug #7380]
+
+Mon Nov 26 17:10:04 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_enumerate_chars, rb_str_enumerate_codepoints)
+	(rb_str_enumerate_lines): suppress "may be used uninitialized in
+	  this function" warning.
+
+Mon Nov 26 17:00:12 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_thread_struct): added 'in_trap' member for marking
+	  running trap handler.
+	* signal.c (signal_exec): turn on in_trap when running trap.
+	* thread.c (Init_Thread, thread_create_core): initialize in_trap
+	  when creating new threads.
+	* thread.c (thread_join_m): raise ThreadError when running trap
+	  handler.Bug [#6416][ruby-core:44956]
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb (test_thread_join_in_trap): new test
+	  for the above.
+
+Mon Nov 26 16:36:13 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (argf_each_codepoint): add missing ARGF#codepoints [Bug #7438]
+
+Mon Nov 26 15:50:29 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* bignum.c (bigdivrem): restart calculation when bigdivrem1 was
+	  interrupted by signal. Otherwise, ruby script may see a garbage
+	  value.
+
+Mon Nov 26 15:33:02 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* bignum.c (big_div_struct): added volatile to 'stop' member.
+	  Otherwise, "if (bds->stop)" check in bigdivrem1 don't read
+	  memory and ignore interrupt.
+	* bignum.c (bigdivrem, rb_big_stop): ditto.
+
+Mon Nov 26 12:11:09 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (DLNOBJ): missing in r37821.
+
+Mon Nov 26 10:50:19 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_setsid): added a few wait for
+	  preventing that Process.getsid(io.pid) makes Errno::ESRCH.
+
+Sun Nov 25 22:34:00 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c (ary_resize_smaller): new function to resize array.
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_delete): refactoring to extract a function.
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_delete_same): refactoring.
+	  It renames function, reduces duplicated code and removes unused
+	  code.
+
+	* gc.c (wmap_final_func): follow the above change.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_ary_delete_same): ditto.
+
+Sun Nov 25 22:27:33 2012  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c: fixes for the updated documentation in r35858:
+	  Typos and #take/#drop accept to take/drop 0 elements.
+
+Sun Nov 25 19:43:29 2012  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* NEWS: add a news about iconv.
+
+Sun Nov 25 03:49:23 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/set.rb, test/test_set.rb: Move tests embedded in lib/set.rb
+	  to test/test_set.rb.
+
+Sun Nov 25 03:44:50 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_each_line, rb_str_lines): String#lines now
+	  returns an array instead of an enumerator.  Passing a block is
+	  deprecated but still supported for backwards compatibility.
+	  Based on the patch by yhara. [Feature #6670]
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_each_char, rb_str_chars): Ditto for
+	  String#chars.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_each_codepoint, rb_str_codepoints): Ditto for
+	  String#codepoints.
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_each_byte, rb_str_bytes): Ditto for
+	  String#bytes.
+
+	* NEWS: Add notes for the above changes.
+
+Sun Nov 25 02:07:37 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert_warning)
+	  (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert_warn), test/ruby/envutil.rb,
+	  test/ruby/test_enumerator.rb, test/ruby/test_io_m17n.rb,
+	  test/ruby/test_regexp.rb, test/ruby/test_syntax.rb:
+	  assert_warn() and assert_warning() are reversed.
+
+Sat Nov 24 21:08:50 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (wmap_final_func): rename variables to clarify the meaning.
+	  In wmap2obj the key is WeakRef and the value is referenced object.
+	  In obj2wmap the key is referenced object and the value is an array
+	  of WeakRef.
+
+	* gc.c (wmap_finalize): ditto.
+	  [ruby-core:49044] [Bug #7304]
+
+Sat Nov 24 21:01:55 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_delete_same_obj): new function for WeakRef.
+	  This deletes same objects as item argument in the array.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_ary_delete_same_obj): add a declaration.
+
+	* gc.c (wmap_final_func): remove WeakRef object reference from the
+	  array. rb_ary_delete() is not usable because it uses rb_equal() to
+	  compare object references.
+
+	* gc.c (wmap_finalize): remove recycled object references from weak
+	  map hash properly. How to get object reference from object id was
+	  wrong. st_delete() doesn't work properly if key and value arguments
+	  are same. The key of obj2wmap is referenced object and the value of
+	  obj2wmap is WeakRef array.
+
+	* gc.c (wmap_aset): obj2wmap should contain WeakRef array in the
+	  definition.
+
+	* test/test_weakref.rb
+	  (TestWeakRef#test_not_reference_different_object,
+	   TestWeakRef#test_weakref_finalize): add tests for above.
+	  [ruby-core:49044] [Bug #7304]
+
+Sat Nov 24 19:44:41 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c (unicode_iconv_combine): returning flags are
+	  nkf_char.
+
+Sat Nov 24 19:29:18 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (test_usage, test_usage_long):
+	  reduced, renamed.
+
+Sat Nov 24 13:10:14 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_tracepoint_attr_raised_exception): should not check
+	  value before event checking.
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_tracepoint_attr_return_value): ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add tests for TracePoint#return_value
+	  and TracePoint#raised_exception.
+
+Sat Nov 24 12:47:27 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (TestProcess#test_setsid): "./ruby-trunk"
+	  doesn't work on all environments. EnvUtil.rubybin would be suitable.
+
+Sat Nov 24 12:28:04 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_aref): fix Segmentation fault at TestArray#test_aref
+	  on x64 mingw. Variable argument of rb_scan_args() should be a pointer
+	  (VALUE *), but 0 of variable argument seems not equal to null pointer
+	  on x64 mingw.
+
+Sat Nov 24 11:47:14 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* process.c (proc_getsid): adds new method for getting session id.
+	  Contributed from fumiyas (Fumiyasu SATOH). Thank you!
+	  [Feature #6757] [ruby-dev:45977]
+	* configure.in: adds getsid check.
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (TestProcess#test_setsid): new test
+	  for the above.
+	* NEWS: news for the above.
+
+Sat Nov 24 10:59:14 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_create_core): don't use th->thread_id before
+	  initialized.
+
+Sat Nov 24 00:00:53 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (proc_options, process_options, ruby_process_options): take
+	  care of the case argc is 0, and check if argv has NULL.
+	  [ruby-core:49889] [Bug #7423]
+
+Sat Nov 24 00:00:10 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (--disable-dln): option to disable dynamic linking
+	  feature.  [ruby-core:37676] [Feature #4946]
+
+Fri Nov 23 23:44:41 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#pkg_config): strip all white spaces for
+	  mingw64+MSYS pkg-config which erroneously emits extra newlines.
+	  [ruby-core:47998] [Bug #7163]
+
+Fri Nov 23 17:31:54 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (usage): wrap description lines if options are too long.
+
+Fri Nov 23 11:13:46 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (TestRubyOptions#test_usage2): refine
+	  assertion.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb (TestRubyOptions#test_usage2): now
+	  --help option is for modern terminals.
+
+Fri Nov 23 10:45:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* ext/socket/ipsocket.c (IPSocket#peeraddr): Fix example
+	  [ruby-core:46429] [Bug #6732]
+
+Fri Nov 23 02:40:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/cgi/core.rb: Documentation for CGI#header alias
+	  Based on a patch by Marcus Stollsteimer
+	  [ruby-core:49585] [Bug #7405]
+
+Thu Nov 22 23:48:10 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (is_swept_object): extract from is_dead_object().
+
+	* gc.c (rb_gcdebug_print_obj_condition): add the function for debug.
+	  This function shows some conditions of given object (e.g.,
+	  marked, in heap, swept).
+
+	* gc.c (rb_gcdebug_sentinel): add the function for debug.
+	  This function allow check to inadvertently free up an object.
+
+Thu Nov 22 23:45:18 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_shared_with_p): fix cache validity check.
+	  If #pop or #shift has been called against $: or $", the array will
+	  be still shared with the snapshot. We check array length for cache
+	  validity.
+	  [ruby-core:49518] [Bug #7383]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_require.rb
+	  (TestRequire#test_require_with_array_pop,
+	   TestRequire#test_require_with_array_shift): add tests for above.
+
+Thu Nov 22 21:48:48 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk, win32/Makefile.sub (probes.dmyh): now be made in current
+	  (=build) directory if build from the repository.
+
+Thu Nov 22 21:34:51 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_rubyoptions.rb: added a test.
+
+Thu Nov 22 20:32:07 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* complex.c (string_to_c_strict, string_to_c): check NUL.
+	* rational.c (string_to_r_strict, string_to_r): ditto.
+
+Thu Nov 22 20:21:45 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* Makefile.in (.dmyh.h): removed $(VPATH). GNU make don't
+	  recognize suffix rule with VPATH.
+
+Thu Nov 22 18:11:27 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk, Makefile.in, win32/Makefile.sub (.dmyh.h): nmake merges
+	  explicit rules for same target, but not merges explicit rules and
+	  implicit rules -- always explicit rules win.  So, need to add an
+	  explicit rule for probes.h.  [Bug #7421] [ruby-core:49839]
+
+Thu Nov 22 18:01:28 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (probes.o): add -C to ignore #include in probes.d.
+
+	* probes.d: include vm_opts.h instead of vm_core.h.
+
+	* vm_opts.h (VM_COLLECT_USAGE_DETAILS): move definition from vm_core.h.
+
+Thu Nov 22 17:45:17 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/nkf/nkf-utf8: Merge b0a6577a521d1bba5e19853f95d5c4b9be1072b5.
+	  Support JIS X 0213 and some bugfixes.
+
+Thu Nov 22 17:39:37 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* tool/gen_dummy_probes.rb: don't change #include, #if and #endif
+	  lines. [Bug #7370]
+
+Thu Nov 22 16:58:26 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* Makefile.in: run preprocessor when making probe.h
+	* probes.d: define probe insn and insn__operand only when
+	  VM_COLLECT_USAGE_DETAILS is 1. [Bug #7370]
+
+Thu Nov 22 16:20:49 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm.c: Don't define vm_collect_usage_operand() and
+	  static void vm_collect_usage_insn() when disabling
+	  VM_COLLECT_USAGE_DETAILS. (refix r37796)
+
+Thu Nov 22 15:26:02 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h: partly revert r37631 (DTrace support).
+	  "vm usage information is always collected, so uncomment the
+	  functions." causes performance impact. [Bug #7370]
+	  Off course this revert disables related probes.
+
+Thu Nov 22 14:14:36 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* re.c (rb_memsearch_ss): Apply performance improvement to short
+	  byte array search for platforms without memmem(3).
+	  [Feature #6311] [ruby-dev:45530]
+
+Thu Nov 22 12:52:19 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_string.rb (TestString#test_index): Add some
+	  corner cases to tests for String#index, which might fail if ruby
+	  directly used a buggy memmem(3) implementation.
+
+Thu Nov 22 08:06:42 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_gc.rb (test_profiler_clear): fix wrong method
+	  calls [Bug #7419] [ruby-core:49828].
+
+Thu Nov 22 02:22:33 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* NEWS: edited (order etc).
+
+Wed Nov 21 22:52:59 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/io/wait/wait.c (io_wait_readable): add alias wait_readable.
+
+	* ext/io/wait/wait.c (io_wait_writable): this is easier to use than
+	  IO.select for a single IO object and is immune to the
+	  limitations/inefficiency of select() on platforms where poll/ppoll
+	  is available.  patched by Eric Wong.  [Feature #4646]
+
+Wed Nov 21 22:27:52 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (garbage_collect): remove a duplicative probe.
+
+Wed Nov 21 22:08:48 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_profile_clear): realloc profile records if its size is
+	  higher than the threshold, GC_PROFILE_RECORD_DEFAULT_SIZE * 2.
+
+Wed Nov 21 21:53:29 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* complex.c (nucomp_to_c): added.
+
+Wed Nov 21 21:35:38 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/util.h: removed extra semicolon in definition of
+	  macro.
+	* compile.c: ditto.
+	* cont.c: ditto.
+	* math.c: ditto.
+	* node.c: ditto.
+	* parse.y: ditto.
+
+Wed Nov 21 18:46:37 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* rational.c (read_digits): due to a bit tighter rb_cstr_to_inum().
+
+Wed Nov 21 16:13:37 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_so_nsieve_bits.rb: add an encoding pragma because
+	  this benchmark using strings (literals) as binary sequence.
+	  Now, they are UTF-8 strings. [ruby-dev:46578]
+
+Wed Nov 21 00:57:43 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* file.c (Init_File): null device definition uses rb_define_const
+	  instead of rb_file_const.
+
+Wed Nov 21 00:28:18 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_m17n_comb.rb (test_str_crypt): Use RbConfig to get
+	  libc's directory. Patched by Vit Ondruch [ruby-core:49763] [Bug #7312]
+
+Tue Nov 20 23:28:26 2012  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* marshal.c: add marshal readahead. marshalized Array, Hash and Struct
+	  have size at least number of its elements, marshal readahead will
+	  read the certain readable length and buffer when it needs more bytes.
+	  marshal readahead prevents many calls to IO#getbyte and IO#read,
+	  then it enables performance improvement.
+	  [ruby-dev:45637] [Feature #6440]
+
+Tue Nov 20 22:35:02 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (.d.h): replace char * to const char * because somehow
+	  current dtrace removes const of function declaration in probes.d.
+
+Tue Nov 20 21:41:04 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/debug.h: introduced.
+	  Debugging/profiling features will be located.
+
+	* vm_trace.c: expose C-level TracePoint APIs.
+	  Note that they are experimental.
+
+	* vm_trace.c, include/ruby/debug.h: rename `rb_hook_flag_t'
+	  to `rb_event_hook_flag_t'.
+	  Macro names `RUBY_HOOK_FLAG_*' are also renamed to
+	  `RUBY_EVENT_HOOK_FLAG_*'.
+
+	* debug.h, vm_debug.h: rename debug.h to vm_debug.h.
+
+	* common.mk: ditto.
+
+	* debug.c, main.c, vm_core.h: ditto.
+
+Tue Nov 20 21:12:37 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_DTRACE_AVAILABLE): only check dtrace availability.
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_DTRACE_POSTPROCESS): restore.
+
+Tue Nov 20 21:22:44 2012  Masaki Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole_type.rb (test_implemented_ole_types):
+	  IShellDispatch6 bundled in Windows 8. Thanks to phasis68 (Heesob
+	  Park).  [ruby-core:49580][Bug #7403]
+
+Tue Nov 20 21:06:41 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* complex.c: some improvements.
+	* rational.c: ditto.
+
+Tue Nov 20 21:01:16 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (incs): BSD make cannot deal with non-prefixed dependency
+	  and prefixed target.
+
+Tue Nov 20 20:10:23 2012  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_bsearch): fix rdoc bug (O(n log n) -> O(log n)).
+	  Patch by Charlie Somerville.  [ruby-core:49661] [Bug #7409]
+
+	* range.c (range_bsearch): ditto.
+
+Tue Nov 20 19:02:44 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c: rename and add TracePoint APIs.
+	  (1) TracePoint.new(...){...} creates a new trace point
+	      but does not make it enable.
+	  (2) TracePoint.trace(...){...} creates a new trace point
+	      and enable it (same as old behavior).
+	  (3) TracePoint#enable make it enable (renamed from TracePoint#retrace).
+	      If block given, when enable only in block.
+	  (4) TracePoint#disable make it disable (renamed from TracePoint#untrace).
+	      If block given, when disable only in block.
+	  (5) TracePoint#enabled? returns this trace is enable or not.
+	  [Feature #6895]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add tests.
+
+Tue Nov 20 18:35:05 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c: add two methods:
+	  (1) TracePoint#return_value which returns return
+	      value on the :return and :c_return event.
+	  (2) TracePoint#raised_exception which returns raised exception
+	      value on the :raise event.
+	  Each methods raise RuntimeError if it is called at unsupported
+	  event.
+	  Please review and give us feedback until next preview
+	  release (Dec/2012) of Ruby 2.0.0.
+	  [Feature #6895]
+
+	* insns.def, vm.c, vm_eval.c, vm_insnhelper.c, eval.c, thread.c:
+	  ditto.
+
+	* vm_trace.c, vm_core.h: move definition of rb_trace_arg_t from
+	  vm_trace.c to vm_core.h.
+	  Caller fills rb_trace_arg_t and pass the pointer of this variable.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: fix tests to test this change.
+
+Tue Nov 20 17:31:12 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: fix dtrace didn't work on darwin.
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_DTRACE_AVAILABLE): unify RUBY_DTRACE_POSTPROCESS
+	  and RUBY_DTRACE_BSD_BROKEN.
+
+Tue Nov 20 15:20:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* file.c (File.extname): Documentation for extname on dotfiles and
+	files ending with a dot. Also, added example for this.
+	[ruby-core:47852] [Bug #7112]
+
+Tue Nov 20 14:19:20 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (TestSignal#test_signame): fix windows
+	  test failure. Process.kill on windows can't send a signal to
+	  another process.
+
+Tue Nov 20 13:58:11 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (Init_IO): moved all rb_file_const() into file.c.
+	* file.c (Init_File): replace with rb_file_const() with
+	  rb_define_const() because RDoc don't care rb_file_const.
+	  [Bug #5530]
+
+Tue Nov 20 12:35:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* ruby.c (usage_msg): Fix typo [ruby-core:49205] [Bug #7327]
+
+Tue Nov 20 12:35:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* file.c (File::NULL): Document File::NULL constant
+	  [ruby-core:49384] [Bug #7365]
+
+Tue Nov 20 12:05:15 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_read): Windows 8 fixed one of a bug of console
+	  API.
+	  based on the patch by Heesob Park at [ruby-core:49479] [Bug #7379]
+
+Tue Nov 20 11:14:33 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (--enable-dtrace): always call RUBY_DTRACE_BSD_BROKEN
+	  for portability.
+	  As the note, FreeBSD 8 has DTrace as the optional
+	  feature (it is enabled by the build option), but doesn't have USDT.
+	  FreeBSD 9 has USDT but they are still optional. FreeBSD 10 will
+	  enable them by default.
+	  The variable $rb_cv_prog_dtrace_g is "yes" only on FreeBSD 9 with
+	  optional DTrace or FreeBSD 10. If it is "no", you cannot know
+	  whether it doesn't need -G or DTrace is disabled. (by checking
+	  error code, you can know)
+
+Mon Nov 19 22:55:48 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in (--enable-dtrace): change help message
+
+Tue Nov 20 11:05:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/tracer.rb (Tracer.trace_func): printf to stdout
+	  Patch by Michal Fojtik [ruby-core:45219] [Bug #6490]
+
+Mon Nov 19 21:24:18 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_dump.c: not to include probes.h because the code does not depend
+	  on it.
+	* common.mk (vm_dump.$(OBJEXT)): remove dependency on probes.h
+
+Tue Nov 20 10:14:22 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_s_check_interrupt): removed redundant
+	  GET_THREAD().
+
+Tue Nov 20 10:12:46 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_async_errinfo_active_p): added a small
+	  comment.
+
+Tue Nov 20 10:05:56 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_blocking_region_end): replaced GET_THREAD()
+	  with ruby_thread_from_native(). We don't have GVL here.
+
+Tue Nov 20 09:56:15 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts) removed.
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts_common) renamed to
+	  rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts. I.e. unified
+	  rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts and rb_threadptr_execute_interrupts_common.
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_schedule, rb_thread_execute_interrupts) s/_common//.
+
+Tue Nov 20 09:48:34 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* signal.c (rb_get_next_signal): removed pointless signal
+	  disabling. pthread_sigmask() only changes current thread
+	  mask.
+
+Tue Nov 20 09:36:55 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* signal.c (install_sighandler): added comments why we need
+	  rb_disable_interrupt().
+
+Tue Nov 20 09:31:33 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* signal.c (rb_disable_interrupt, rb_enable_interrupt): removed
+	  USE_TRAP_MASK.
+	* signal.c (trap_arg, trap_ensure): removed.
+	* signal.c (trap, sig_trap): removed pointless signal disabling.
+	  We don't need it because we no longer run trap handler on signal
+	  handler context.
+
+Tue Nov 20 09:20:49 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* prelude.rb: Moved Mutex#synchronize to
+	* thread.c (rb_mutex_synchronize_m): here. [Bug #4266]
+
+Tue Nov 20 08:36:15 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* signal.c (sig_signame): implements Signal.signame method
+	[Feature #5613]
+	* test/ruby/test_signal.rb (test_signame): adds test for above
+	* NEWS: add an item about above
+
+Mon Nov 19 16:30:59 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* struct.c (rb_struct_each_pair): yield associated pairs so that
+	  an unsplat argument can get both, for consistency with Hash,
+	  OpenStruct, and etc.  [ruby-dev:46533] [Bug #7382]
+
+Mon Nov 19 16:17:53 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (LIBS): libelf is need on only FreeBSD.
+
+Mon Nov 19 16:08:10 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (RUBYLIB): purelib option in runruby.rb is deprecated
+	  since r28841, so set to an empty list to get rid of a bogus path in
+	  child processes, which caused an insecure operation exception in
+	  test/ruby/test_encoding.rb:test_unsafe.
+
+Mon Nov 19 15:40:50 2012  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* .travis.yml (script): add OPTS=-v, requested by @_ko1.
+
+Mon Nov 19 15:09:07 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: fix didn't enable_dtrace=yes on auto.
+
+	* configure.in: see enable_dtrace for adding libelf on FreeBSD.
+
+	* common.mk: VPATH is not needed.
+
+Mon Nov 19 14:55:51 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread.c: add `Thread#backtrace_locations' method.
+	  This method is similar to `caller_locations' method for
+	  specific method.
+	  And fix to accept `level' and `n' parameters for `Thread#backtrace'
+	  and `Thread#backtrace_locations'.
+	  `caller' (and `caller_locations') do not return `caller' method
+	  frame.
+	  However, `Thread#backtrace' (and `Thread#backtrace_locations')
+	  return `Thread#backtrace' method frame itself
+	  if `Thread.current.backtrace' was called.
+
+	* vm_backtrace.c: ditto.
+
+	* internal.h: ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_backtrace.rb: add tests.
+
+Mon Nov 19 14:54:32 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in, common.mk (probes.h): moved to common.mk and changed to
+	  see $(srcdir).
+
+	* common.mk (probes.dmyh): now created it on $(srcdir) always.
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (.SUFFIXES): removed common suffix.
+
+Mon Nov 19 10:00:10 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (.SUFFIX): bsdmake needs .SUFFIX is defined before use.
+
+	* common.mk: fix path of probes.dmyh.
+
+	* common.mk (vm_dump.o): depend probes.h.
+
+	* configure.in: FreeBSD's USDT requires libelf.
+
+Mon Nov 19 01:11:59 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* vm_core.h, probes_helper.h (RUBY_DTRACE_FUNC_ENTRY_HOOK,
+	  RUBY_DTRACE_FUNC_RETURN_HOOK): move from vm_core.h to new file
+	  probes_helper.h for narrowing dependency to probes.h.
+	* common.mk (VM_CORE_H_INCLUDES): remove dependency to probes.h.
+	* common.mk (vm.$(OBJEXT)): add dependency to probes_helper.h.
+	* vm.c, vm_insnhelper.c: include probes_helper.h.
+
+Sun Nov 18 16:33:00 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in, Makefile.in, common.mk: support DTrace on Solaris 10,
+	  based on r26235 by Yugui. On Solaris 10, low optimization level
+	  may also be needed, e.g. optflags="-xO1" or "-xO0" with Oracle
+	  SolarisStudio 12.3 cc.
+
+	* configure.in (--enable-dtrace): new option to enable/disable
+	  DTrace support. By default, trying to enable if dtrace command
+	  is found on the system. It is disabled when cross compiling.
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_DTRACE_POSTPROCESS): new macro. checks whether
+	  the dtrace on the system needs postprocessing with "dtrace -G".
+	  The postprocessing is needed on Solaris 10 and other platforms.
+
+	* configure.in (RUBY_DTRACE_BSD_BROKEN): new macro. checks whether
+	  the dtrace supports USDT.
+
+	* configure.in (DTRACE): move after RUBY_DTRACE_POSTPROCESS.
+
+	* configure.in (LD): On Solaris, /usr/ccs/bin/ld is preferred.
+
+	* configure.in, Makefile.in, common.mk (DTRACE_OBJ): new macro for
+	  DTrace probe object generated by postprocessing with "dtrace -G".
+
+	* Makefile.in, common.mk (probes.$(OBJEXT)): DTrace probe object
+	  generated by the postprocessing. New file probes.stamp is for
+	  rebuilding related objects that may be modified by "dtrace -G".
+
+	* configure.in, Makefile.in, common.mk (DTRACE_GLOMMED_OBJ): new
+	  macro for DTrace static library hacks.
+
+	* configure.in, Makefile.in (LIBRUBY_A_OBJS): ditto.
+
+	* Makefile.in, common.mk (ruby-glommed.$(OBJEXT)): new target with
+	  rule for DTrace static library hacks.
+
+	* common.mk (DTRACE_DEPENDENT_OBJS): objects depended on probes.h.
+
+Sun Nov 18 09:31:47 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* complex.c (read_comp): mathn compliant.
+	* rational.c (read_num): ditto.
+
+Sun Nov 18 02:50:12 2012  Luis Lavena <luislavena@gmail.com>
+
+	* win32/file.c (replace_to_long_name): correct logic around wildcard
+	  characters detection and ensure wide-chars are used as pattern.
+	  [ruby-core:49451] [Bug #7374]
+
+Sun Nov 18 02:02:46 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* complex.c (read_comp): modified handling of polar form.
+
+Sun Nov 18 00:50:44 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* complex.c (read_comp): fixed handling of polar form.
+
+Sun Nov 18 00:14:46 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* complex.c (string_to_c_strict, string_to_c): rewrote without regexp.
+	* rational.c (string_to_r_strict, string_to_r): ditto.
+
+Sat Nov 17 23:53:05 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* complex.c (make_patterns): should not accept extra sign.
+
+Sat Nov 17 21:45:12  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
+
+	* win32/file.c (replace_to_long_name): skip expansion for all wildcard
+	  characters.
+	  [ruby-core:49451] [Bug #7374]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: add more assertions to test.
+
+Sat Nov 17 12:14:50 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: use literal YAML style
+	  when emitting multi-line strings. Thanks @atambo
+
+	* test/psych/test_yaml.rb: test for change.
+
+Sat Nov 17 12:03:41 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb: avoid raising exceptions when
+	  parsing Floats and Integers. Thanks riffraff [ruby-core:44426]
+	* test/psych/test_numeric.rb: associated test
+
+Sat Nov 17 11:34:31 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* st.c (st_update): pass the key in st_table so that we can free
+	  memory of the key in st_table when deleting.
+	  [ruby-core:49220] [Bug #7330]
+
+	* test/-ext-/st/test_update.rb
+	  (Bug::StTable#test_pass_objects_in_st_table): add a test.
+
+Sat Nov 17 11:26:36 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/core_ext.rb: move Kernel#y so that it can
+	  manually be required as 'psych/y'.
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/y.rb: ditto
+
+Sat Nov 17 08:13:48 2012  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/abbrev.rb: fix r37113. Correct examples, fix style
+	  and show explicit dependency (require 'abbrev').
+
+Sat Nov 17 07:35:15 2012  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
+
+	* win32/file.c (replace_to_long_name): skip automatic path expansion
+	  when wildcard character is used.  [ruby-core:49451] [Bug #7374]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: add a test for above.
+
+Sat Nov 17 00:50:23 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (w_object): add flonum to arg->data to keep reference index
+	  consistency. [ruby-core:49323] [Bug #7348]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_marshal.rb: add a test for above.
+
+Sat Nov 17 00:40:25 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (incs): dist files need probes.dmyh.
+
+	* common.mk (probes.dmyh): depends on generator script.
+
+	* Makefile.in, common.mk, configure.in, win32/Makefile.sub (probes.h):
+	  select generating with dtrace or copying dummy file by suffix rules.
+
+Fri Nov 16 19:24:10 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_call_without_gvl2): change the parameter of
+	  `func' from `int *skip_interrupt' to `VALUE *flags'.
+	  If (flags & RUBY_CALL_WO_GVL_FLAG_SKIP_CHECK_INTS) is not zero,
+	  then skip checking interrupt.
+	  [ruby-core:46547]
+
+	* include/ruby/thread.h: ditto.
+
+Fri Nov 16 18:59:05 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (no-dtrace-probes.h): dmyprobes.h is in srcdir.
+
+	* common.mk (dmyprobes.h): ditto.
+
+Fri Nov 16 17:57:15 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (probes.h): split build commands for dtrace-available
+	  and unavailable platforms.
+
+	* Makefile.in (incs): probes.h is a platform dependent file, so it
+	  cannot be a part of prereq target.  move it to all-incs.
+
+	* configure.in (DTRACE): move after AC_PROG_CC since cross_compiling
+	  is set in it.
+
+	* configure.in (DTRACE): ignore non-prefixed version if
+	  cross-compiling.
+
+	* Makefile.in, win32/Makefile.sub (probes.h): fix copying dmyprobes.h
+	  path when outplace-build.
+
+Fri Nov 16 15:27:36 2012  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/net/pop.rb (POP3.certs): fix typo in comment.
+	  patch from no6v (Nobuhiro IMAI) <nov@yo.rim.or.jp>.
+	  [ruby-dev:46519] [Bug #7355]
+
+Fri Nov 16 12:36:47 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rake/helper.rb (Rake::TestCase#setup): revert r37669.
+	  @orig_PWD should be the original pwd.
+
+	* test/rake/test_*.rb: don't use @orig_PWD to load libraries.
+	  It should be specified with relative path from the file.
+
+Fri Nov 16 10:22:52 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/rake/helper.rb (Rake::TestCase#setup): @orig_PWD shouldn't be
+	  Dir.pwd when the build directory is different from source directory.
+
+Fri Nov 16 09:41:08 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rake/version.rb:  workaround fix to build. see #7366
+	  [ruby-dev:46522]
+
+Fri Nov 16 07:23:18 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rake*:  Updated to rake 0.9.4
+	  http://rake.rubyforge.org/doc/release_notes/rake-0_9_4_rdoc.html for
+	  a list of changes in 0.9.4.
+
+	* test/rake*:  ditto
+
+	* NEWS:  ditto
+
+Fri Nov 16 06:58:52 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/rake*:  Updated to rake 0.9.3.  See
+	  http://rake.rubyforge.org/doc/release_notes/rake-0_9_3_rdoc.html for
+	  a list of changes in 0.9.3.
+
+	* test/rake*:  ditto
+
+	* bin/rake:  ditto
+
+	* NEWS:  ditto
+
+Thu Nov 15 22:39:32 2012  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* range.c (range_bsearch): fix some bugs: a documentation bug, a wrong
+	  condition, missed break in switch/case, and workaround for GCC
+	  optimization. See [ruby-core:49364] in detail.  A great patch from
+	  Heesob Park. [Bug #7352] [Feature #4766]
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_bsearch): fix similar bug (missed break).
+
+	* test/ruby/test_range.rb: add two test cases for above.
+
+Thu Nov 15 22:41:57 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_exec.h (GENTRY): GENTRY should be pointer size.
+	  A patch by yoshidam (Yoshida Masato) [Bug #7332].
+
+Thu Nov 15 13:20:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* man/erb.1: Fix grammar and copyright dates
+	* man/goruby.1: ditto
+	* man/irb.1: ditto
+	* man/rake.1: ditto
+	* man/ri.1: ditto
+	* man/ruby.1: ditto
+	  Patch by Arthur Gunn
+	  [Fixes Github #210]
+
+Thu Nov 15 11:35:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* man/ruby.1: Grammar edits for man page
+	  Based on a patch by Michael Endsley [Fixes Github #183]
+
+Thu Nov 15 00:47:20 2012  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_bsearch): add Array#bsearch for binary search.
+	  [ruby-core:36390] [Feature #4766]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb: add a test for above.
+
+	* range.c (range_bsearch): add Range#bsearch for binary search.
+	  [ruby-core:36390] [Feature #4766]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_range.rb: add a test for above
+
+	* NEWS: added the two new methods.
+
+Wed Nov 14 13:25:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (chmod): Add "X" to modes, convert format to table
+	  [ruby-core:48965] [Bug #7288]
+
+Wed Nov 14 11:51:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb (init_comments): Document private method #init_comments.
+	  Based on a patch from Vincent Batts [ruby-core:49172] [Bug #7319]
+
+Wed Nov 14 00:54:00 2012  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* Makefile.in (probes.h): create from probes.d
+
+Tue Nov 13 18:44:01 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_cfunc_with_frame): don't use ci after
+	  EXEC_EVENT_HOOK because ci can be overridden.
+
+	* vm_eval.c: ditto.
+
+	* method.h: change invoker's parameters types.
+
+	* vm_method.c (call_cfunc_invoker_func): ditto.
+
+Tue Nov 13 18:01:54 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_using): raise an ArgumentError if cyclic using is
+	  detected.  based on the patch by Charlie Somerville.
+	  [ruby-core:49092] Bug #7308
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related test.
+
+Tue Nov 13 17:40:04 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (vm_insnhelper.c): this target is useless and causes
+	  ruby always need rebuild.
+
+Tue Nov 13 17:35:49 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (insn_data_to_s_detail): remove debug lines.
+
+Tue Nov 13 17:28:47 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_caller_setup_args): save and restore
+	  ci->argc and ci->blockptr before and after method invocations
+	  because these method dispatches can override call_info.
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_method.rb: add tests for this fix.
+
+Tue Nov 13 16:38:02 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (dmyprobes.h): always create for make dist.
+
+	* Makefile.in (probes.h): create or copy dmyprobes.h
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub: only do copy dmyprobes.h.
+
+Tue Nov 13 15:37:21 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* Makefile.in (.SUFFIX): .SUFFIX is needed here for .d.h on bsd make.
+
+Tue Nov 13 15:34:35 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk Makefile.in win32/Makefile.sub (.d.h): it's not common.
+
+Tue Nov 13 12:27:11 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: disable dtrace because it doesn't work on FreeBSD.
+
+	* common.mk (clean-local): rm probes.h.
+
+	* common.mk (parse.o): depend $(PROBES_H_INCLUDES).
+
+	* common.mk (.d.h): moved from Makefile.in and use BASERUBY.
+
+	* tool/gen_dummy_probes.rb: reimplemented with ruby because sed is not
+	  available on Windows Microsoft VC++ environment.
+
+Tue Nov 13 12:30:26 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/README.win32: added mention about build directory.  currently
+	  we can not build ruby in win32 directory.  this problem is reported
+	  by Masahiro Kitajima <katonbo@katontech.com>.
+
+Tue Nov 13 11:03:47 2012  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* re.c (rb_memsearch_ss): performance improvement by using memmem(3) if
+	  possible. [ruby-dev:45530] [Feature #6311]
+
+	* configure.in: check existence of memmem(3) and that it is not broken.
+
+Tue Nov 13 06:50:02 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* probes.d: add DTrace probe declarations. [ruby-core:27448]
+
+	* array.c (empty_ary_alloc, ary_new): added array create DTrace probe.
+
+	* compile.c (rb_insns_name): allowing DTrace probes to access
+	  instruction sequence name.
+
+	* Makefile.in: translate probes.d file to appropriate header file.
+
+	* common.mk: declare dependencies on the DTrace header.
+
+	* configure.in: add a test for existence of DTrace.
+
+	* eval.c (setup_exception): add a probe for when an exception is
+	  raised.
+
+	* gc.c: Add DTrace probes for mark begin and end, and sweep begin and
+	  end.
+
+	* hash.c (empty_hash_alloc): Add a probe for hash allocation.
+
+	* insns.def: Add probes for function entry and return.
+
+	* internal.h: function declaration for compile.c change.
+
+	* load.c (rb_f_load): add probes for `load` entry and exit, require
+	  entry and exit, and wrapping search_required for load path search.
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_alloc): added a probe for general object creation.
+
+	* parse.y (yycompile0): added a probe around parse and compile phase.
+
+	* string.c (empty_str_alloc, str_new): DTrace probes for string
+	  allocation.
+
+	* test/dtrace/*: tests for DTrace probes.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_invoke_proc): add probes for function return on exception
+	  raise, hash create, and instruction sequence execution.
+
+	* vm_core.h: add probe declarations for function entry and exit.
+
+	* vm_dump.c: add probes header file.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_cfunc, vm_call0_cfunc_with_frame): add probe on
+	  function entry and return.
+
+	* vm_exec.c: expose instruction number to instruction name function.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: add function entry and exit probes for cfunc
+	  methods.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h: vm usage information is always collected, so
+	  uncomment the functions.
+
+Mon Nov 12 19:14:50 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* configure.in (isinf, isnan): isinf() and isnan() are macros on
+	  DragonFly which cannot be found by AC_REPLACE_FUNCS().  This
+	  workaround enforces the fact that they exist on DragonFly.
+
+Mon Nov 12 15:59:38 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_call_info_t::refinements), compile.c (new_callinfo),
+	  vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_method): revert r37616 because it's too
+	  slow.  [ruby-dev:46477]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb (test_inline_method_cache): skip
+	  the test until the bug is fixed efficiently.
+
+Mon Nov 12 14:28:01 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/mkexports.rb (each_export): skip garbage generated by VS2012's
+	  nmake.
+	  reported and patched by Yoshida Masato at [Bug #7333] [ruby-dev:46484]
+
+Sun Nov 11 18:58:55 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* test/date/test_date_{parse,strptime}.rb: changed the format of
+	  some extra messages.
+
+Sun Nov 11 18:41:34 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_parse.c (date__parse): revised the tight parser
+	  (about handling of apostrophes).
+
+Sun Nov 11 15:39:04 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_s_create): just warn for wrong elements now.
+	  [ruby-dev:46440] [Bug #7300]
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_s_create): refine error messages.
+
+	* error.c (rb_builtin_class_name): share for above.
+
+Sun Nov 11 15:12:18 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (top_using): remove Kernel#using, and add main.using instead.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related test.
+
+Sun Nov 11 13:41:01 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_using_refinement, rb_mod_using, f_using): clear method
+	  cache only when using is called explicitly.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related test.
+
+Sun Nov 11 12:56:34 2012  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/pstore.rb (PStore): fix not to replace ThreadError raised in
+	  #transaction block with PStore::Error.
+	  [ruby-core:39238] [Bug #5269]
+
+Sun Nov 11 11:36:19 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_call_info_t::refinements), compile.c (new_callinfo):
+	  add a new field for inline method cache.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_method): check rb_call_info_t::refinements
+	  not to confuse inline method cache when module_eval is used with
+	  refinements.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related test.
+
+Sun Nov 11 08:45:45 2012  Martin Duerst  <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
+
+	* ruby.c: removed a comma before "before"
+
+Sat Nov 10 23:02:31 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c: move immutable fields from struct heaps_slot and struct
+	  sorted_heaps_slot into struct heaps_header.
+	  Based on a patch from Sokolov Yura [Feature #6199][ruby-core:43592]
+
+Sat Nov 10 19:28:16 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* complex.c: modified doc.
+	* rational.c: ditto.
+
+Sat Nov 10 18:20:10 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_parse.c: edited about era.
+
+Sat Nov 10 12:13:41 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* tool/rbinstall.rb: Don't install *.gemspec under lib/.
+	  [ruby-core:48966] [Bug #7289]
+	  Reported by Vit Ondruch. Thanks!!!
+
+Sat Nov 10 00:49:26 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* ruby_atomic.h: renamed from atomic.h to avoid header file name
+	  conflict on Solaris 10. [ruby-dev:46414] [Bug #7287]
+
+	* gc.c, signal.c, vm_core.h, common.mk: reflect the rename from
+	  atomic.h to ruby_atomic.h.
+
+Sat Nov 10 00:46:57 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* atomic.h: Revert r37491 which is a temporary workaround.
+
+Sat Nov 10 00:33:31 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* siphash.h: check configure macros before include newer headers.
+
+Fri Nov  9 23:33:05 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/erb.rb (ERB#run, ERB#result): eval under isolated bindings for
+	  safe concurrent use.  [ruby-core:47638] [Bug #7046]
+
+Fri Nov  9 23:05:06 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* random.c (BYTE_ORDER): define using configured WORDS_BIGENDIAN.
+
+	* siphash.c (sip_init_state): use union to suppress warnings by gcc
+	  4.7.
+
+Fri Nov  9 19:40:03 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_splice): fix r37583 doesn't consider the case when
+	  beg > array length.
+
+Fri Nov  9 16:11:58 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* random.c (rb_memhash): use siphash.
+
+Fri Nov  9 16:08:46 2012  Sokolov Yura funny-falcon  <funny.falcon@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c: speedup Array#unshift by using space in shared array.
+	  [Feature #6638]
+	  - when array owns its shared array (ARY_SHARED_NUM == 1), and there
+	    is enough space then try unshift values directly into shared
+	    array.
+	  - when resulting array is big (~>64 items) then make it shared with
+	    enough room for future #unshifts, and then insert into shared
+	    array.
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_splice): use shared array in rb_ary_slice.
+	  [Feature #6638]
+	  - use ary_ensure_room_for_push when rb_ary_slice used to add at the
+	    end of array, cause rb_ary_concat use rb_ary_slice.
+
+	* array.c (ary_ensure_room_for_push): make array really suitable for
+	  queue.  [Feature #6638]
+	  when array is shared (which happens after Array#shift), and
+	  ARY_SHARED_NUM == 1 (which is very often when array used as queue),
+	  then make rb_ary_push push directly into shared array.
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_modify): steal shared array's container when
+	  ARY_SHARED_NUM == 1.  [Feature #6638]
+	  - Do not allocate new memory in rb_ary_modify when ARY_SHARED_NUM == 1
+	    and length almost same.
+	  - Store ARY_CAPA instead of RARRAY_LEN in ary_make_shared, to make
+	    it useful.
+	  - Fix rb_ary_sort_bang accordantly.
+
+Fri Nov  9 16:00:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zzak@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c: Documentation for BigDecimal
+	  Based on a patch from Vincent Batts [ruby-core:49047] [Bug #7305]
+
+Fri Nov  9 15:25:42 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/shellwords.rb (Shellwords#shellescape): Add back my original
+	  real world example with some enhancement.
+
+	* lib/shellwords.rb (Shellwords#shelljoin): Undo part of the
+	  previous rdoc change.  This new example using a string-only
+	  array was not in line with the description.
+
+Fri Nov  9 12:58:13 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_crypt): crypt(3) may return NULL.
+	  Latest glibc (2.16?) crypt(3) actually returns NULL. [Bug #7312]
+
+Fri Nov  9 12:07:06 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (alloca), eval_intern.h (alloca), gc.c
+	  (alloca): Make alloca() globally available by moving the
+	  ultimate ifdef's to ruby/ruby.h.  Gcc hides its builtin alloca()
+	  when compiling with -ansi, and linking thus fails on platforms
+	  that lack their own alloca() implementation in libc, which
+	  include OpenBSD and some ports of NetBSD.  We use alloca()
+	  everywhere including from within third party C extensions, so
+	  alloca() must be made globally available. [Bug #7307]
+
+	* addr2line.c (alloca): Replace the alloca() part with the
+	  ultimate ifdef's. [Bug #7307]
+
+Fri Nov  9 09:30:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* io.c (IO#new):
+	  Fix indentation from r37444
+	  [ruby-core:48052] [Bug #7179]
+
+Fri Nov  9 07:36:00 2012  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* bignum.c (bigmul0): enable big_mul_toom3.
+	  [ruby-core:48552] [Bug #7242]
+
+	* bignum.c (bigmul1_toom3): fix incorrect calculation.
+	  the patch is made by Heesob Park.
+	  [ruby-core:48552] [Bug #7242]
+
+Fri Nov  9 05:33:00 2012  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* bignum.c (bigmul0): disable big_mul_toom3 temporarily.
+	  [ruby-core:48552] [Bug #7242]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_bignum.rb (test_mul_large_numbers):
+	  add a test for bigmul1_toom3 suggested in [Bug #7242].
+
+Thu Nov  8 21:57:59 2012  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* re.c (rb_memsearch): performance improvement by using memchr().
+	  [ruby-dev:45397] [Feature #6173]
+
+Thu Nov  8 19:02:50 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/protocol.rb (Net::InternetMessageIO#each_crlf_line):
+	  treat \r as newline as mame pointed. [ruby-dev:46425] [Bug #7278]
+
+Thu Nov  8 11:32:11 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* configure.in (--with-opt-dir): Avoid nesting of double quotes
+	  inside backquotes, since some traditional shells like PD KSH
+	  (which OpenBSD's /bin/sh bases on) fail to parse them.
+
+Thu Nov  8 09:34:00 2012  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@cookpad.com>
+
+	* numeric.c: Add a caution that the results of the comparing
+	  operations of two NaNs are undefined.
+	  [#1720] [ruby-dev:38725] [ruby-core:36966]
+
+Thu Nov  8 04:45:21 2012  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h: Restore rb_enumeratorize as it was before
+	  r37497 and introduce rb_enumeratorize_with_size instead. [#7302]
+
+	* enumerator.c: ditto.
+
+Wed Nov  7 15:22:37 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* numeric.c (ruby_float_step): fix r37514: it yielded with NaN
+	  if the unit is infinity.
+
+Wed Nov  7 15:46:12 2012  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/webrick.rb: fix typo. reported by Rohit Arondekar.
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/211
+
+Wed Nov  7 15:34:12 2012  Takeyuki FUJIOKA  <xibbar@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/cgi/core.rb: alias CGI#http_header to CGI#header.
+
+Wed Nov  7 12:49:39 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_refine): set RMODULE_IS_REFINEMENT to a created
+	  refinement module, and don't override method_added.
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_make): check redefinition of
+	  optimized methods when a method is added to a refinement module.
+	  [ruby-core:48970] [Bug #7290]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related test.
+
+Wed Nov  7 11:48:14 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-additional.el (ruby-mode-set-encoding): now encoding needs
+	  to be set always explicitly actually.  [Feature #6679]
+
+Wed Nov  7 09:15:58 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_mod_const_get): avoid inadvertent symbol creation.
+
+Wed Nov  7 07:52:50 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enum.c (rb_enum_cycle_size): prefix with rb.
+
+Wed Nov  7 04:32:15 2012  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: Remove FIXME skip on Windows
+	  specific test because the test in question was already fixed.
+
+Wed Nov  7 03:45:12 2012  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/zlib/extconf.rb: Recognize zlibwapi as linking library.
+	  Patch by Daniel Berger.
+
+	  [ruby-core:44979] [Feature #6421]
+
+Wed Nov  7 02:06:40 2012  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* enumerator.c: New method #size; constructor accepts size.
+	                Have #to_enum accept a block
+	                Warn when using deprecated form of constructor
+	                Support #size for enumerators created from enumerators
+	                Support for lazy.{map|flat_map|...}.size.
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h: RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR for support of
+	  sized enumerators.
+
+	* array.c: Support for various enumerator.size.
+
+	* enum.c: ditto.
+
+	* hash.c: ditto.
+
+	* numeric.c: ditto.
+
+	* range.c: ditto.
+
+	* string.c: ditto.
+
+	* struct.c: ditto.
+
+	* vm_eval.c: ditto.
+
+Tue Nov  6 20:40:28 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* object.c (rb_mod_const_get): Fix constant missing exception class
+	  and message to maintain backwards compatibility. Constant search
+	  should start at Object when constant starts with '::'
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: test for fixes
+
+Tue Nov  6 16:50:00 2012  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/tempfile.rb (Tempfile#inspect): fix confusing #inspect.
+	  previous Tempfile#inspect says it is a File, but actually
+	  it is not a File.
+
+	    t = Tempfile.new("foo") #=> #<File:/tmp/foo20121106-31970-1ffbum0>
+	    t.is_a? File #=> false
+
+	  now Tempfile#inspect returns like:
+
+	    t = Tempfile.new("foo")
+	    #=> #<Tempfile:/tmp/foo20121106-31970-1ffbum0>
+
+	  [ruby-core:47544] [Bug #7027]
+
+Tue Nov  6 16:22:30 2012  Naohisa Goto  <ngotogenome@gmail.com>
+
+	* atomic.h: add #include <sys/atomic.h> for the workaround of
+	  header file name conflict of atomic.h with /usr/include/atomic.h
+	  on Solaris 10. [ruby-dev:46414] [Bug #7287]
+
+Tue Nov  6 14:38:00 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/win32ole/test_win32ole.rb: now source encoding is UTF-8, so
+	  binary strings in old scripts are dangerous.
+
+Tue Nov  6 14:25:09 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/protocol.rb (Net::InternetMessageIO#each_crlf_line):
+	  don't use /n in universal regexp. [ruby-dev:46394] [Bug #7278]
+
+Tue Nov  6 09:42:26 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_b): Add String#b, returning a copied string
+	  whose encoding is ASCII-8BIT. [ruby-dev:45992] [Feature #6767]
+
+Tue Nov  6 09:37:57 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (load_file_internal): set default source encoding as
+	  UTF-8 instead of US-ASCII. [ruby-core:46021] [Feature #6679]
+
+	* parse.y (parser_initialize): set default parser encoding as
+	  UTF-8 instead of US-ASCII.
+
+Tue Nov  6 05:48:06 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_require.rb
+	  (TestRequire#test_require_to_path_redefined_in_load_path,
+	   TestRequire#test_require_to_str_redefined_in_load_path):
+	  Suppress method redefined warning when test-all with RUBYOPT=-w.
+
+Thu Nov  8 00:24:14 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* ext/curses/view.rb: Do not fail if the file to view is shorter
+	  than the screen height.
+
+Mon Nov  5 11:40:00 2012  Mark Somerville  <mark@scottishclmibs.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (rb_reserved_fd_p): fix typo in macro check
+	  that prevented the ifdef ever being true.
+	  [Bug #7281] [ruby-core:48940]
+
+Mon Nov  5 23:28:57 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* file.c (rb_get_path_check_to_string): extract from
+	  rb_get_path_check(). We change the spec not to call to_path of
+	  String object.
+
+	* file.c (rb_get_path_check_convert): extract from rb_get_path_check().
+
+	* file.c (rb_get_path_check): follow the above change.
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_expand_path_fast): remove check_expand_path_args().
+	  Instead we call it in load.c.
+
+	* file.c (rb_find_file_ext_safe): use rb_get_expanded_load_path() to
+	  reduce expand cost.
+
+	* file.c (rb_find_file_safe): ditto.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_get_expanded_load_path): add a declaration.
+
+	* internal.h (rb_get_path_check_to_string, rb_get_path_check_convert):
+	  add declarations.
+
+	* load.c (rb_construct_expanded_load_path): fix for compatibility.
+	  Same checks in rb_get_path_check() are added. We don't replace
+	  $LOAD_PATH and ensure that String object of $LOAD_PATH are frozen.
+	  We don't freeze non String object and expand it every time. We add
+	  arguments for expanding load path partially and checking if load path
+	  have relative paths or non String objects.
+
+	* load.c (load_path_getcwd): get current working directory for checking
+	  if it's changed when getting load path.
+
+	* load.c (rb_get_expanded_load_path): fix for rebuilding cache properly.
+	  We check if current working directory is changed and rebuild expanded
+	  load path cache. We expand paths which start with ~ (User HOME) and
+	  non String objects every time for compatibility. We make this
+	  accessible from other source files.
+
+	* load.c (rb_feature_provided): call rb_get_path() since we changed
+	  rb_file_expand_path_fast() not to call it.
+
+	* load.c (Init_load): initialize vm->load_path_check_cache.
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_mark): mark vm->load_path_check_cache for GC.
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_struct): add vm->load_path_check_cache to store data
+	  to check load path cache validity.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_require.rb (TestRequire): add tests for require
+	  compatibility related to cached expanded load path.
+	  [ruby-core:47970] [Bug #7158]
+
+Mon Nov  5 23:26:05 2012  Greg Price  <price@mit.edu>
+
+	* load.c (rb_get_expanded_load_path): cache the expanded load
+	  path.  This saves 4KB of allocation and some stats for every
+	  element of the load path (so nearly a MB in my Rails app)
+	  on every require.
+
+	* load.c (rb_construct_expanded_load_path): ensure that $LOAD_PATH
+	  entries are frozen strings.  The user must mutate $LOAD_PATH
+	  itself rather than its individual entries.
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_struct): add fields.
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_mark): mark new fields.
+
+	* ruby.c (process_options): modify $LOAD_PATH directly rather than
+	  its elements.
+	  Patch by Greg Price.
+	  [ruby-core:47970] [Bug #7158]
+
+Mon Nov  5 23:24:42 2012  Greg Price  <price@mit.edu>
+
+	* load.c (rb_feature_p, rb_provide_feature): index $LOADED_FEATURES
+	  so that require isn't so slow.
+
+	* load.c (rb_provide_feature, get_loaded_features_index): ensure
+	  that $LOADED_FEATURES entries are frozen strings.  The user
+	  must mutate $LOADED_FEATURES itself rather than its individual
+	  entries.
+
+	* load.c (reset_loaded_features_snapshot): add a new function to reset
+	  vm->loaded_features_snapshot.
+
+	* load.c (get_loaded_features_index_raw): add a new function to get
+	  the loaded-features index.
+
+	* load.c (features_index_add_single): add a new function to add to the
+	  loaded-features index a single feature.
+
+	* load.c (features_index_add): add a new function to add to the
+	  loaded-features index all the required entries for `feature`.
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_struct): add fields.
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_mark): mark new fields.
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_hash_clear): declare function.
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_clear): make function non-static.
+	  Patch by Greg Price.
+	  [ruby-core:47970] [Bug #7158]
+
+Mon Nov  5 23:23:51 2012  Greg Price  <price@mit.edu>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_shared_with_p): new function.
+	  Expose whether two arrays are shared (read-only, C only).
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_ary_shared_with_p): declare.
+	  Patch by Greg Price.
+	  [ruby-core:47970] [Bug #7158]
+
+Mon Nov  5 23:21:14 2012  Greg Price  <price@mit.edu>
+
+	* load.c (loaded_feature_path): clarify and briefly comment
+	  function.  These clarifications have no effect on the behavior
+	  of the function.
+
+	* load.c (rb_feature_p): explain the search loop.  Especially
+	  useful because the logic is complicated as described in the
+	  second paragraph.
+	  Patch by Greg Price.
+	  [ruby-core:47970] [Bug #7158]
+
+Mon Nov  5 22:45:03 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/dl/win32/lib/Win32API.rb (Win32API#call): use 64bit pointer for x64
+	  Windows. This would fix
+	  TestSecureRandom#test_s_random_bytes_without_openssl error.
+	  [ruby-core:47451] [Bug #6990]
+
+Mon Nov  5 22:09:26 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* cygwin/GNUmakefile.in (uncommon.mk): link *.res.o.
+	  EXTOBJES is defined in uncommon.mk. *.res.o setting should be below
+	  uncommon.mk.
+	  [ruby-core:48858] [Bug #7277]
+
+Mon Nov  5 11:35:11 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_thread_init, native_thread_destroy):
+	  removed HAVE_PTHREAD_CONDATTR_INIT check because this silly
+	  #ifdef makes use-uninitialized-var issue and (2) native_cond_initialize()
+	  already have a right platform and caller don't need any additional care.
+	  [Bug #6825]
+
+Mon Nov  5 10:57:59 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/cgi/core.rb: check if Tempfile is defined before use it.
+
+	* lib/cgi/core.rb: remove tempfiles only if tempfiles exist
+
+Mon Nov  5 12:17:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/uri/http.rb (URI::HTTP.build): Fix example
+	  Patch by Carina C. Zona
+	  [Fixes #209 Github]
+
+Mon Nov  5 09:55:05 2012  Takeyuki FUJIOKA  <xibbar@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/cgi/core.rb: remove tempfile more early.
+
+Sun Nov  4 20:29:46 2012  Takeyuki FUJIOKA  <xibbar@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/cgi.rb, lib/cgi/*/rb: rename CGI#header to CGI#http_header,
+	  add and update HTML5 tag generator.  [Bug #7110]
+	  Patch provided by Marcus Stollsteimer, thank you !
+
+Sun Nov  4 11:47:39 2012  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (module FileUtils): repatch [ruby-core:39622]
+	  [Feature #5337]. improve performance of FileUtils.compare_stream.
+	  [ruby-core:47545] [Feature #7028]
+
+Sun Nov  4 11:27:54 2012  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c (recursive_equal): fix to return true when self and other
+	  are resized to same size and the current index become out of
+	  range.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_array.rb: add a test for the above.
+
+Sun Nov  4 10:19:03 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (file_s_fnmatch): match with expanding braces if FNM_EXTGLOB
+	  is set.  [ruby-core:40037] [Feature #5422]
+
+Sat Nov  3 23:38:15 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* complex.c: modified doc.
+	* rational.c: ditto.
+
+Sat Nov  3 22:38:55 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: modified doc.
+
+Sat Nov  3 18:35:55 2012  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_rewrite_ep_in_errinfo, vm_rewrite_ep_in_errinfo):
+	  merge code and remove `rb_vm_rewrite_ep_in_errinfo'.
+
+Sat Nov  3 18:15:24 2012  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* vm.c, proc.c: avoid unnecessary `rb_vm_rewrite_ep_in_errinfo'
+	  calls.
+
+Sat Nov  3 17:53:43 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* bin/testrb: Use only Test::Unit::AutoRunner in test-unit gem
+	  compatible API to be available by both test/unit bundled in Ruby
+	  and test-unit gem.
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (Test::Unit::AutoRunner): Move codes from testrb.
+
+Sat Nov  3 14:56:21 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_parse.c (parse_eu): should capture apostrophe too.
+
+Sat Nov  3 14:46:15 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_parse.c (date__parse): revised the tight parser.
+
+Sat Nov  3 14:43:42 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/xmldecl.rb (REXML::XMLDecl#content): Add missing \A
+	  and \z.
+
+Sat Nov  3 14:42:55 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/output.rb (REXML::Output#initialize): Use normalized
+	  encoding name.
+
+Sat Nov  3 14:41:17 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/output.rb (REXML::Output): Don't output BOM in middle
+	  of the output string.
+	* test/rexml/test_document.rb: Add a test for the above change.
+
+Sat Nov  3 14:09:55 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* NEWS: Add an item about REXML::Document#write.
+
+Sat Nov  3 13:46:49 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_document.rb: Fix tests that expect encoding name
+	  isn't normalized.
+
+Sat Nov  3 13:26:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* dir.c (Dir#glob):
+	  Documentation for pattern section, backslash subsection
+	  Patch by Eric Bouchut
+	  [ruby-core:48528] [Bug #7230]
+
+Sat Nov  3 13:26:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* io.c (IO#new):
+	  Documentation for IO#open modes and formatting
+	  [ruby-core:48052] [Bug #7179]
+
+Sat Nov  3 13:01:02 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_encoding.rb (EncodingTester#test_in_different_out):
+	  Fix a test that expects encoding in XML declaration is changed by
+	  Output's encoding. It is dropped feature.
+
+Sat Nov  3 12:49:45 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/document.rb (REXML::Document#write): Document encoding
+	  option. Now different encoding between XML file's encoding and
+	  XML declaration's encoding is support.
+	  [Feature #4872] (work in progress)
+	* lib/rexml/xmldecl.rb (REXML::XMLDecl#write): Always use XMLDecl's
+	  encoding.
+	* test/rexml/test_document.rb: Update tests for the above change.
+
+Sat Nov  3 12:18:35 2012  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c (recursive_equal): fix not to make invalid pointers when
+	  self and other are resized to same size in #== of their elements.
+	  [ruby-dev:46373] [Feature #6177]
+
+Sat Nov  3 12:06:15 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_xml_declaration.rb (TestXmlDeclaration#test_*):
+	  Remove needless prefix from test names.
+
+Sat Nov  3 12:04:52 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_xml_declaration_parent_child.rb: Rename to ...
+	* test/rexml/test_xml_declaration.rb: ... this.
+
+Sat Nov  3 11:43:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* hash.c (rb_hash_delete): Correct grammar
+	  Patch by Glenn Oppegard
+	  [Fixes #208 Github]
+
+Sat Nov  3 11:28:28 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* NEWS: add a news about GC::Profiler.raw_data.
+
+Sat Nov  3 11:01:32 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* NEWS: add a news about rb_newobj_of() and NEWOBJ_OF().
+
+Sat Nov  3 10:17:41 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* eval.c (f_current_dirname): add the new method for Kernel.
+	  This method almost same as File.dirname(__FILE__). One
+	  different behavior is it returns nil when __FILE__ returns nil.
+	  [Feature #3346]
+
+	* NEWS:  ditto
+
+	* test/ruby/test_method.rb: related test.
+
+Sat Nov  3 09:03:34 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb (test_new_method_by_send,
+	  test_new_method_by_method_object): add tests for Kernel#send and
+	  Kernel#method with refinements.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb (test_symbol_to_proc): add a test
+	  calling a proc created by Symbol#to_proc outside the scope where
+	  a refinement is closed over.
+
+Sat Nov  3 04:14:19 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_rewrite_ep_in_errinfo): rewrite all catch points in
+	  errinfo, not only the topmost frame.  based on the patch by
+	  ktsj (Kazuki Tsujimoto) in [ruby-dev:45656]. [Bug #6460]
+
+Fri Nov  2 20:11:17 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#timestamp_file): remove @ which looks like
+	  configure variables.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#timestamp_file): use .-. instead of !, a
+	  special character of NMAKE and BSD make.  [Bug #7265]
+
+Fri Nov  2 17:55:39 2012  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (_run_parallel): Delete status line before showing
+	  results. Patch by Hiroshi Shirosaki. [Bug #6897] [ruby-core:47250]
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb (_run_parallel): Fix strange result when disabled retrying.
+	  Patch by Hiroshi Shirosaki. [Bug #6897] [ruby-core:47250]
+
+Fri Nov  2 17:52:12 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_mod_to_s): Module#{to_s,inspect}, when invoked on
+	  a refinement, returns a string in the format #<refinement:C@M>,
+	  where C is a refined class and M is a module at which the refinement
+	  is defined.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_refine): store information on a refinement for the
+	  above change.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related test.
+
+Fri Nov  2 16:57:52 2012  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): Because of many log directories,
+	  making directory lists readable.
+
+Fri Nov  2 16:44:00 2012  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): add ~/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports
+	  in the locations list of crash reports.
+
+Fri Nov  2 14:52:52 2012  Masaki Matsushita  <glass.saga@gmail.com>
+
+	* array.c (recursive_equal): performance improvement by avoiding
+	  overhead to call rb_ary_elt().
+	  [ruby-dev:45412] [Feature #6177]
+
+Fri Nov  2 14:47:53 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (sym_to_proc, sym_call): A Proc created by Symbol#to_proc
+	  should close over the current refinements.
+	  [ruby-dev:46345] [Bug #7261]
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_call0, rb_search_method_entry,
+	  rb_funcall_passing_block_with_refinements): add a new argument
+	  `refinements' for the above changes.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related test.
+
+Fri Nov  2 08:24:28 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* proc.c (top_define_method): new method, main.define_method.
+	  [ruby-core:45715] [Feature #6609]
+
+	* eval.c (top_include): fix a warning message, main is not a class or
+	  module.
+
+Fri Nov  2 04:41:33 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#timestamp_file): use ! instead of %, a GNU
+	  make special character.
+
+Fri Nov  2 04:40:10 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (test_execopts_preserve_env_on_exec_failure):
+	  use never existing file in the current temporary directory.
+
+Fri Nov  2 04:23:20 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/merger.rb: add feature to tag preview/rc.
+
+Fri Nov  2 03:23:37 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb: fix for if config["libdir"] is nil.
+
+Thu Nov  1 23:06:01 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/make-snapshot: fix wrong regexp for releasing preview.
+	  patched by mame.
+
+Thu Nov  1 22:27:11 2012  Koichi Sasada <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* NEWS: add a news about objspace,
+	  ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from.
+
+Thu Nov  1 21:57:00 2012  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_new),
+	  test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb:
+	  Fix exception message of BigDecimal constructor with a Float.
+
+Thu Nov  1 21:52:20 2012  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_add),
+	  test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb:
+	  need to specify precision for converting Rational and Float.
+	  [ruby-core:48045] [Bug #7176]
+
+Thu Nov  1 21:42:20 2012  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb: Revert r37404.  My ubuntu box has
+	  actually the directory named "/nonexistent"...  Sorry.
+
+Thu Nov  1 21:28:28 2012  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb: Process.exec raised EACCES on Linux
+	  3.5.0-17-generic.  This is a temporal fix to rescue that exception.
+	  Needs kosaki's review.
+
+Thu Nov  1 21:19:56 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (set_relation): parent_iseq need to be set regardless iseq
+	  type.  fix r37397.
+
+Thu Nov  1 19:47:23 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (RUBY_STACK_MIN): may not a compile time constant.
+	  fix r37079.  [ruby-dev:46322] [Bug #7247]
+
+Thu Nov  1 16:44:36 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* NEWS: add note for Module#refine, Module#refinements,
+	  Module#using, and Kernel#using.
+
+Thu Nov  1 14:41:47 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_using_module): using should be used indirectly.
+	  [ruby-dev:46326] [Feature #7251]
+
+Wed Oct 31 18:17:38 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_profile_record): don't define unused variables when
+	  GC_PROFILE_MORE_DETAIL is 0.
+
+Wed Oct 31 18:10:53 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_prof_mark_timer_stop): count is not initialized.
+
+Wed Oct 31 09:28:24 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_call_without_gvl2):  Note that ubf() may or may
+	  not be called with the GVL.  Hinted that rb_thread_call_with_gvl()
+	  can be used to access ruby functionality.
+
+Wed Oct 31 09:06:54 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_call_without_gvl2):  Update documentation to
+	  natural English.
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_call_with_gvl):  ditto.
+
+Wed Oct 31 02:53:07 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/dl/lib/dl/struct.rb: fix strange require order. [ruby-dev:45702]
+
+	* ext/dl/lib/dl/value.rb: ditto
+
+	* test/dl/test_c_struct_entry.rb: remove strange require order from
+	  tests.
+
+	* test/dl/test_c_union_entity.rb: ditto
+
+Tue Oct 30 23:59:32 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_refine): fix the error message when no block is
+	  given.  [ruby-dev:46319] [Bug #7244]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related test.
+
+Tue Oct 30 19:27:48 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (redirect_dup2): set standard handles when new fd is stdio,
+	  because if there is no allocated console at the moment Windows does
+	  not automatically associate it for child process's standard handle.
+	  this is adhoc workaround.
+	  reported by Martin Thiede at [ruby-core:48542] [Bug #7239].
+
+	* io.c (rb_cloexec_dup2): ditto.
+
+Tue Oct 30 03:08:53 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rbconfig/obsolete.rb (Config): re-introduce warnings for a
+	  lame-duck.  [ruby-core:46836] [Bug #6809]
+
+Tue Oct 30 02:20:10 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* thread.c: added Thread#thread_variable_(get|set),
+	  Thread#thread_variable?, and Thread#thread_variables for operating
+	  on variables that are local to threads. [ruby-core:47790]
+
+	* vm.c: ditto
+
+	* test/ruby/test_thread.rb: tests for thread variables.
+
+Mon Oct 29 18:22:58 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_close): close separately per each
+	  instances, as well as IO.
+
+Mon Oct 29 10:22:00 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/handlers/recorder.rb: added a class for
+	  recording YAML parse and emit events.
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/handler.rb: adding a list of events so that
+	  handler classes can more easily be meta-programmed.
+
+	* test/psych/handlers/test_recorder.rb: tests for the change.
+
+Mon Oct 29 05:48:52 2012  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/ostruct.rb: Add [] and []=, base on a patch by Thomas Sawyer.
+	  Also accept {Open}Struct as argument to new.
+	  Add #eql?, #hash & #each_pair
+	  Protect new_ostruct_member
+
+Mon Oct 29 03:20:58 2012  Marc-Andre Lafortune  <ruby-core@marc-andre.ca>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb: Fix determinant_e [ruby-dev:46305] [Bug #7228]
+
+Sun Oct 28 23:52:25 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_document.rb: Add tests for parsing XML encoded
+	  by UTF-8 with BOM.
+
+Sun Oct 28 23:47:09 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/source.rb: Move encoding detection code to base class.
+	* lib/rexml/encoding.rb: Remove needless encoding detection code.
+
+Sun Oct 28 21:40:13 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/parsers/baseparser.rb: Fix a bug that UTF-8 is used
+	  for UTF-16XX encoded XML that doesn't have encoding="UTF-16" in
+	  XML declaration.
+	* test/rexml/test_document.rb: Add tests for the above change.
+
+Sun Oct 28 21:37:34 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_document.rb: Group tests that they parse
+	  UTF-16XX encoded XML that has encoding="UTF-16" in XML declaration.
+
+Sun Oct 28 21:25:11 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/source.rb (REXML::IOSource#initialize): Reduce
+	  @line_break initialize code. It should be done only in #encoding=.
+	* lib/rexml/parsers/baseparser.rb: Don't set UTF-16 encoding to
+	  source by encoding="UTF-16" in XML declaration because UTF-16XX
+	  source encoding should be set in Source#initialize or
+	  IOSource#initialize. They should handle BOM. Parser should not
+	  consider about it.
+
+Sun Oct 28 21:18:37 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* test/rexml/test_document.rb: Add tests for parsing XML encoded
+	  by UTF-16 with BOM.
+
+Sun Oct 28 19:12:11 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_parse.c (iso8601_{ext,bas}_time): should not match
+	  empty string.
+
+Sun Oct 28 18:51:33 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_parse.c (date__parse): revised the tight parser.
+
+Sun Oct 28 15:41:50 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/document.rb (REXML::Document#write): Add :encoding option
+	  to support custom XML encoding.
+	  [Feature #4872] (work in progress)
+	* test/rexml/test_document.rb: Add tests for the above change.
+
+Sun Oct 28 15:00:19 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/document.rb (REXML::Document#write): Remove needless
+	  indent in document.
+
+Sun Oct 28 14:59:14 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/document.rb (REXML::Document#write): Accept options
+	  Hash as argument.
+	* test/rexml/test_document.rb: Add tests for the above change.
+
+Sun Oct 28 14:09:44 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/document.rb (REXML::Document#write): Fix wrong usage
+	  in document.
+
+Sun Oct 28 14:03:48 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/rexml/document.rb (REXML::Document#write): Fix wrong method
+	  names in document.
+
+Sun Oct 28 10:12:15 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: `tree` should return the
+	  same thing on every call.
+
+	* test/psych/visitors/test_yaml_tree.rb: related test.
+
+Sun Oct 28 10:05:03 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb: YAML Tree object should
+	  be able to take an emitter object as it's output.
+
+	* test/psych/visitors/test_yaml_tree.rb: related test.
+
+Sun Oct 28 08:23:16 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* bignum.c (bignew_1): Bignum instances are frozen.
+	  Feature #3222
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: Fixnum instances are also frozen.
+
+	* class.c (singleton_class_of): check Bignum before
+	  singleton checking.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_bignum.rb: add a test.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_fixnum.rb: ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/marshaltestlib.rb, test/ruby/test_eval.rb,
+	  test/ruby/test_object.rb: catch up above changes.
+
+Sun Oct 28 04:38:06 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (vm_define_method): remove type and frozen checking.
+	  Checking is done in `rb_singleton_class()'.
+
+Sun Oct 28 00:49:06 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (assign_in_cond): warn for static content object assignments
+	  in conditional statements.  [ruby-dev:43083] [Feature #4299]
+
+Sat Oct 27 23:33:41 2012  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_profile_result, gc_profile_report): use internal structures
+	  to avoid allocations and progressively print the output for #report.
+	  [ruby-core:47163] [Bug #6865]
+
+Sat Oct 27 11:01:10 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_float_new_in_heap), include/ruby/ruby.h:
+	  make all Float objects frozen.
+	  [ruby-dev:46081] [ruby-trunk - Feature #6936]
+	  Most part of patch by NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>.
+
+	* class.c (singleton_class_of): raise TypeError when
+	  trying to define a singleton method on Float objects.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_define_method): ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/marshaltestlib.rb: catch up above changes.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_class.rb: ditto.
+
+	* test/test_pp.rb: ditto.
+
+Sat Oct 27 10:50:53 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* object.c (rb_mod_const_get): make sure the constant name is
+	  converted to a string before searching. [ruby-core:48405]
+
+Sat Oct 27 10:12:13 2012  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_compile_with_option): Instead of testing
+	  respond_to, just check if the argument is actually a file,
+	  because by calling user-defined gets something weired can
+	  happen.  Patch by Glass_saga. [ruby-dev:40202] [Bug #2861]
+
+	* parse.y (ripper_initialize): ditto.
+
+Sat Oct 27 10:07:57 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (enum lex_state_e): [EXPERIMENTAL] lex_state as bit field /
+	  IS_lex_state() macro.  based on the patch by Dave B in
+	  [ruby-core:23503].  [Feature #1493]
+
+Sat Oct 27 10:05:03 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/win32.h (fstat): use _fstati64() instead of fstati64()
+	  on mingw32.
+
+Sat Oct 27 06:28:33 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* object.c (rb_mod_const_get): const_get accepts qualified constant
+	  strings.  e.g. Object.const_get("Foo::Bar::Baz") [ruby-core:41404]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_module.rb: tests for new behavior
+
+Fri Oct 26 13:24:20 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (literal_concat_gen): merge fixed strings across
+	  concatenated literals, after an interpolation.
+
+Thu Oct 25 17:48:54 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/win32.c (has_redirection): should use shell (cmd.exe) when
+	  the commandline contains '&'.
+	  reported by Roger Pack at [ruby-core:47912] [Bug #7143], and
+	  patched by Heesob Park at [ruby-core:47931].
+
+Thu Oct 25 15:00:08 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h, class.c: remove (revert)
+	  `rb_add_method_cfunc_frameless()' API.
+	  This API is not mature to become an official API.
+	  For example, we can not use this API with
+	  `rb_define_private_method()'.
+
+	* method.h, vm_method.c (rb_add_method_cfunc_frameless): removed.
+
+Thu Oct 25 13:35:07 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/mkconfig.rb: remove string literal concatenation.
+
+Wed Oct 24 18:49:16 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (type2sym, count_objects_size): use enum
+	  instead of size_t which may be larger than actual values.
+
+Wed Oct 24 17:41:24 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/driver.rb: add `-x' or `--exclude' option
+	  to specify exclude benchmark name pattern.
+	  You can specify "-x foo" if you want to exclude the benchmarks
+	  if the name of benchmark contains `foo'.
+
+Wed Oct 24 11:57:24 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (gc_prepare_free_objects): rename to match the behavior of
+	  this function.
+
+Wed Oct 24 11:55:19 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (reachable_object_from_i): change data
+	  structure of the result of reachable objects. Keys of table
+	  contains object_id of each reachable objects. Value of table
+	  is an object itself or an instance of InternalObjectWrapper.
+	  To avoid duplication, we use st_table and object_id keys.
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (type2sym): bug fix.
+	  Should use `i' instead of `type'.
+
+Wed Oct 24 10:33:09 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* gc.c (garbage_collect, gc_marks): move the location of
+	  clear and restore rb_objspace_t::mark_func_data
+	  from garbage_collect() to gc_marks().
+
+Wed Oct 24 10:17:45 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (Init_objspace): add a new method
+	  `ObjectSpace::InternalObjectWrapper#internal_object_id' which returns
+	  an object id of a wrapped internal object.
+
+Wed Oct 24 08:55:04 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c (ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from):
+	  internal object support.
+	  If given object `obj' has references to internal objects
+	  (such as T_NODE objects), then this method returns instances of
+	  `ObjectSpace::InternalObjectWrapper' instead of that internal objects.
+	  This instance contains a reference to an internal object and you can
+	  check the type of internal object using
+	  `ObjectSpace::InternalObjectWrapper#type' method.
+	  Rdoc of `InternalObjectWrapper' is not prepared yet.
+
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace_reachable_objects_from), gc.h: change
+	  an interface of 'rb_objspace_reachable_objects_from()'
+
+	* gc.c, gc.h: add two APIs
+	  - rb_objspace_markable_object_p(obj): check markable or not.
+	  - rb_objspace_internal_object_p(obj): check internal or not.
+
+Wed Oct 24 05:52:36 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): remove `default' and
+	  add a case for `VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF'.
+
+Wed Oct 24 05:41:18 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* eval_error.c (error_print), vm_eval.c (eval_string_with_cref),
+	  vm_trace.c (rb_suppress_tracing): use TH_PUSH_TAG() instead of
+	  PUSH_TAG().
+
+Wed Oct 24 05:17:52 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_body): remove RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS()
+	  after method invocation using rb_call0().
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_body): remove default section on top of
+	  switch statement and add cases for `VM_METHOD_TYPE_CFUNC_FRAMELESS'
+	  and `VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF'.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_body): remove useless brackets.
+
+Tue Oct 23 22:34:49 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread.c (thread_raise_m):  check interrupts after Thread#raise
+	  if a target thread is the current thread because the behavior
+	  of Thread.current.raise is expected to perform same as
+	  Kernel.raise (by rubyspec).
+
+Tue Oct 23 17:08:39 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (usage, process_options): show more info in --help.
+	  [EXPERIMENTAL] [ruby-core:48072] [Bug #7184]
+
+Tue Oct 23 14:20:43 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* misc/ruby-electric.el using variable `last-command-event' instead of
+	  obsolete `last-command-char', so that work with Emacs trunk.
+	  a patch by Victor Deryagin <vderyagin AT gmail.com>.
+
+Tue Oct 23 14:06:47 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (visibility_option): visibility attribute is not
+	  available before GCC 4, so do not use -fvisibility option in that
+	  case.  [ruby-core:48147] [Bug #7205]
+
+Tue Oct 23 12:57:29 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h, vm_insnhelper.c, vm_eval.c (OPT_CALL_CFUNC_WITHOUT_FRAME):
+	  add a new optimization and its macro `OPT_CALL_CFUNC_WITHOUT_FRAME'.
+	  This optimization makes all cfunc method calls `frameless', which
+	  is faster than ordinal cfunc method call.
+	  If `frame' is needed (for example, it calls another method with
+	  `rb_funcall()'), then build a frame. In other words, this
+	  optimization delays frame building.
+	  However, to delay the frame building, we need additional overheads:
+	    (1) Store the last call information.
+	    (2) Check the delayed frame building before the frame is needed.
+	    (3) Overhead to build a delayed frame.
+	  rb_thread_t::passed_ci is storage of delayed cfunc call information.
+	  (1) is lightweight because it is only 1 assignment to `passed_ci'.
+	  To achieve (2), we modify GET_THREAD() to check `passed_ci' every
+	  time. It causes 10% overhead on my environment.
+	  This optimization only works for cfunc methods which do not need
+	  their `frame'.
+	  After evaluation on my environment, this optimization does not
+	  effective every time. Because of this evaluation results, this
+	  optimization is disabled at default.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c, vm.c: add VM_PROFILE* macros to measure behaviour
+	  of VM internals. I will extend this feature.
+
+	* vm_method.c, method.h: change parameters of the `invoker' function.
+	  Receive `func' pointer as the first parameter.
+
+Tue Oct 23 06:21:05 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/parser.c: just get the constant defined in Ruby.
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/syntax_error.rb: Psych::SyntaxError now inherits
+	  from StandardError rather than SyntaxError.  Thanks Eric Hodel!
+
+	* test/psych/test_exception.rb: tests for change.
+
+Tue Oct 23 06:17:36 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb: Cache symbols while
+	  tokenizing.  Thanks Kevin Menard!
+
+Tue Oct 23 06:15:40 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb: Updated the RegExp to catch
+	  Strings earlier in the tokenization process.  Thanks Kevin Menard!
+
+Tue Oct 23 06:12:39 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb: Handle nil tags specially
+	  to avoid slow method_missing calls.  Thanks Kevin Menard!
+
+Tue Oct 23 06:07:57 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb: Ignore bad timestamps.  If
+	  something looks like a timestamp but has an invalid component, treat
+	  it as a string instead of throwing an ArgumentError.
+	  Thanks Rhett Sutphin!
+
+	* test/psych/test_scalar_scanner.rb: appropriate tests.
+
+Tue Oct 23 06:04:07 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych/scalar_scanner.rb: Fix scalar_scanner to
+	  understand strings starting with an underscore and containing only
+	  digits.  Thanks Kelley Reynolds.
+
+	* test/psych/test_scalar_scanner.rb: test for fix
+
+Tue Oct 23 06:00:41 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/psych/lib/psych.rb: Changed comment in psych.rb to update new
+	  home page for libyaml.  Thanks to Carolyn Ann.
+
+Sun Oct 21 19:12:59 2012  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_t::trace_running): add a new field
+	  `trace_running' to store vm global tracing status.
+
+	* vm_trace.c: fix SEGV bug. event_hook was free'd
+	  even when the hook is still used in another thread.
+	  [ruby-dev:46141] [Bug #7032]
+
+Sun Oct 21 19:12:42 2012  Kazuki Tsujimoto  <kazuki@callcc.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_vm_t::trace_flag): remove `trace_flag'
+	  which is no longer used.
+
+Sun Oct 21 18:34:27 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_parse.c (date__parse): uses more tight parser if
+	  defined TIGHT_PARSER.  now inactivated; because it introduces
+	  incompatibilities and it is a bit slow.
+
+Sat Oct 20 15:35:06 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: add C APIs.
+	  VALUE rb_newobj_of(VALUE klass, VALUE flags)
+	  #define NEWOBJ_OF(obj,type,klass,flags)
+	  These allow to change a allocation strategy depending on klass
+	  or flags.
+
+	* gc.c: ditto
+
+	* array.c: use new C API.
+	* bignum.c: ditto
+	* class.c: ditto
+	* complex.c: ditto
+	* ext/socket/ancdata.c: ditto
+	* ext/socket/option.c: ditto
+	* hash.c: ditto
+	* io.c: ditto
+	* marshal.c: ditto
+	* numeric.c: ditto
+	* object.c: ditto
+	* random.c: ditto
+	* range.c: ditto
+	* rational.c: ditto
+	* re.c: ditto
+	* string.c: ditto
+	* struct.c: ditto
+	  [Feature #7177][Feature #7047]
+
+Sat Oct 20 12:50:00 2012  Zachary Scott	<zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c: Documentation for Socket
+	  Based on a patch by David Albert
+	  [Bug #7105] [ruby-core:47828]
+
+Sat Oct 20 11:00:00 2012  Zachary Scott	<zachary@zacharyscott.net>
+
+	* lib/open-uri.rb: Documentation for OpenURI
+
+Sat Oct 20 06:18:34 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* hash.c (initialize_copy): unset the default proc if there isn't one
+	  for the target hash, call to_hash, check frozen status.
+
+Fri Oct 19 22:22:01 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_jump_tag_but_local_jump): pass through thrown objects.
+	  [ruby-dev:46234] [Bug #7185]
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_eval_cmd): if state is non-zero, val should be nil and
+	  rb_vm_jump_tag_but_local_jump() just jump tag.
+
+Fri Oct 19 22:11:55 2012  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): set encoding of the
+	  'H','h','B' and 'B' modifiers to US-ASCII.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_pack.rb: tests for the above.
+	  [ruby-core:47653][Bug #7050]
+
+	* test/test_securerandom.rb: tests for SecureRandom.hex
+	  from tenderlove. [ruby-core:46792][Bug #6799]
+
+Fri Oct 19 19:29:11 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h (rb_method_cfunc_t::invoker): add new field (func ptr)
+	  `invoker'. `invoker' function invoke cfunc body
+	  (rb_method_cfunc_t::func).
+	  `invoker' is set at method definition timing.
+	  With this change, the big `switch' (branch) in `call_cfunc()'
+	  is no longer needed.
+	  However, the performance benefit is only a bit.
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_call_info_t::aux::func): add a new field to store
+	  cfunc body function pointer.
+
+	* vm_method.c (call_cfunc_invoker_func): add a new function which
+	  returns a suitable invoke function.
+
+	* vm_method.c (setup_method_cfunc_struct): added.
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_add_method): fix to set `invoker'.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_body): catch up above changes.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (call_cfunc): removed.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_cfunc): fix to call cfunc body
+	  with `invoker' function.
+
+Fri Oct 19 16:55:58 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* eval.c, vm_eval.c: use TH_PUSH_TAG() instead of PUSH_TAG().
+
+Fri Oct 19 11:13:55 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/driver.rb: remove unexpected `output'.
+	  (commit miss)
+
+Fri Oct 19 10:24:03 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_method): remove needless local variable.
+
+Fri Oct 19 10:22:26 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/bmx_temp.rb: removed.
+	  This file should not be in repository.
+
+Fri Oct 19 10:20:10 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/driver.rb: add new option `--ruby-arg [ARG]'
+	  which is passed as a launch parameter for each ruby's execution.
+	  ($ ruby [ARG] [File])
+
+Thu Oct 18 18:42:35 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* insns.def (opt_send_simple): move the location of
+	  `opt_send_simple' to the place near `send' definition.
+	  (to take care about icache locality).
+
+Thu Oct 18 18:29:25 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* insns.def (send): remove unused condition.
+	  This condition will be true after r37258.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_caller_setup_args): remove `UNLIKELY' on
+	  checking blockiseq (it seems `LIKELY').
+
+Thu Oct 18 17:31:58 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* insns.def (opt_send_simple): introduce new instruction used
+	  when no need to care about block and splat.
+
+	* compile.c: use the `opt_send_simple' instruction.
+
+Thu Oct 18 16:44:07 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_add_method_cfunc, rb_add_method_cfunc_frameless):
+	  check arity earlier at definition time.
+
+Thu Oct 18 15:11:31 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: add `inline' keyword to several functions.
+	  Compilers (gcc) are conservative than I expected.
+
+Thu Oct 18 15:01:15 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: add a decl. of
+	  `rb_define_frameless_method()'.
+
+Thu Oct 18 14:31:17 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (new_callinfo): set a temporary index of callinfo
+	  (used in `iseq_set_sequence()') to rb_call_info_t::aux::index.
+	  rb_call_info_t::argc is initialized by same value of
+	  rb_call_info_t::orig_argc.
+
+Thu Oct 18 14:11:08 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* class.c (rb_define_frameless_method): rename from
+	  rb_define_method_fast(). Defined method with this C API
+	  does not make a method frame. It is bit lightweight than
+	  ordinal C functions. Now only 0 or 1 argc are permitted.
+
+	* method.h (VM_METHOD_TYPE_CFUNC_FRAMELESS): rename macro name
+	  from VM_METHOD_TYPE_CFUNC_FAST.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c, vm_method.c: rename related functions.
+
+	* proc.c (rb_method_entry_arity): catch up above changes.
+
+Thu Oct 18 10:30:34 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (assignable_gen): fail if yyerror occurred.  fix a bug in
+	  r36973.
+
+Thu Oct 18 09:23:03 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* hash.c (initialize_copy): duping should rehash the hash.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_hash.rb: added a test to ensure rehash.
+
+Wed Oct 17 21:16:47 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* common.mk (WPROGRAM): need same dependencies as PROGRAM.
+
+	* cygwin/GNUmakefile.in (uncommon.mk): move include position
+	  below WPROGRAM definition to be defined in uncommon.mk.
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb (all, static): fix make rubyw.exe failure with make -jN.
+	  If make of ruby.exe and rubyw.exe run in parallel, link dll and link
+	  exe run in parallel, which causes link failure on mingw. To fix this,
+	  we make ruby.exe and rubyw.exe in one make process.
+	  [ruby-core:48007] [Bug #7165]
+
+Wed Oct 17 16:25:34 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_method_missing.rb: add a benchmark to measure
+	  performance of invoking `method_missing'.
+
+Wed Oct 17 16:23:17 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_getivar): fix to use `aux.index' instead of
+	  `aux.opt_pc'.
+
+Wed Oct 17 16:03:54 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method_missing): make a refactoring
+	  about method_missing process. Use `vm_call_method()' to invoke
+	  `method_missing' method instead of `rb_funcall2()'.
+	  In `vm_call_method()', set fastpath to `vm_call_method_missing()'
+	  if it can be cached.
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_call_info_t): add new field
+	  `rb_call_info_t::aux::missing_reason' to pass the reason to
+	  `vm_call_method_missing()'.
+
+Wed Oct 17 15:33:12 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (opt-dir): allow multiple directories separated by
+	  $PATH_SEPARATOR as well as dir_config in mkmf.rb. [ruby-core:47868]
+	  [Bug #7120]
+
+Wed Oct 17 15:08:13 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/net/imap.rb: fix Net::IMAP::ResponseParser to accept
+	  message/delivery-status ([ruby-core:47920] [Bug #7146]),
+	  message/rfc822 attachments ([ruby-core:47921] [Bug #7147]), and
+	  (BODY ("MIXED")) ([ruby-core:47951] [Bug #7153]).
+	  patched by Tony Arkles.
+
+	* test/net/imap/test_imap_response_parser.rb: related test.
+
+Wed Oct 17 11:04:48 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_hash.rb (TestHash#test_dup_equality): added a new test
+	  to show the problem of r37232.
+
+Wed Oct 17 10:48:40 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_search_method): fix a build error that occurs
+	  when OPT_INLINE_METHOD_CACHE is 0.
+
+Wed Oct 17 08:46:47 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_dstr.rb: add a benchmark to measure
+	  performance of dynamic generated string ("foo#{bar}baz").
+
+Wed Oct 17 08:32:46 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* compile.c (compile_dstr_fragments): use `putobject' instead of
+	  `putstring' for all of strings used by NODE_DSTR because
+	  ruby users can not grab this string.
+	  For example, the string object of "baz" in "foo#{bar}baz"
+	  is located by `putobject' (users can not touch "baz" object
+	  directly). This change reduces GC pressure.
+	  This improvement is suggested by Aaron Patterson.
+
+Wed Oct 17 08:02:57 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_threadptr_interrupt_mask): fix to check interrupt
+	  after interrupt_mask changed.
+
+Wed Oct 17 06:42:47 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): fix to return value immediately.
+	  Remove CHECK_INTS() after that method dispatch.
+
+Wed Oct 17 06:25:56 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* hash.c (initialize_copy): copy the underlying st_table on dup,
+	  rather than copying the hash key by key. [ruby-core:48009]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_hash.rb: relevant tests for initialize_copy
+
+Wed Oct 17 06:17:44 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_iseq_setup_2): separate tailcall and normal
+	  method frame setup functions.
+	  Add checking interrupts at the tailcall setup function.
+
+Wed Oct 17 05:35:37 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_yield.rb: add a benchmark to measure `yield'
+	  (invoke empty block) performance.
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm2_method_with_block.rb: add a benchmark to measure
+	  method invocation with empty block.
+
+Wed Oct 17 05:05:07 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_invoke_block): vm_caller_setup_args() can skip
+	  when splat flag is not set.
+
+Wed Oct 17 01:53:47 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_getivar, vm_setivar): support index inline cache
+	  with rb_call_info_t to speedup `attr' getter and setter.
+	  Cached index is stored in rb_call_info_t::aux::index.
+	  `index' == 0 means not cached. `index' > 0 means cached and cached
+	  index is `index - 1'.
+
+	* insns.def ((get|set)instancevariable): use new wrapper functions
+	  vm_(get|set)instancevariable() defined in vm_insnhelper.c.
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_call_info_t::aux): introduce new union data because
+	  opt_pc can share with index.
+
+Tue Oct 16 22:24:44 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/driver.rb (show_results): Show speedup ratio
+	  with first executables score at last of results
+	  if two or more executables are given.
+
+Tue Oct 16 21:59:01 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/driver.rb: some refactoring.
+	  (1) Remove `average differential'.
+	      In this benchmark driver, We should not care about `average'.
+	      We use fastest score because this score should not include
+	      any disturbances (affections of background process, etc).
+	      If you care about timing affect, I recommend `median'
+	      score with more than 5 examinations rather than simple
+	      `average' score (`average' score was affected by error scores).
+	  (2) Show log file name.
+	  (3) Change default directory from './' to driver's directory.
+
+Tue Oct 16 14:56:23 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_join): need to check again after any conversion run.
+	  [ruby-core:48012] [Bug #7168]
+
+Tue Oct 16 12:52:14 2012  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#assert_file):
+	  rename from file_assertion.
+
+Tue Oct 16 11:30:18 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_join): hide the result under construction until
+	  return.
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_join): check nul-byte only for strings, since
+	  FilePathStringValue() does it.  [ruby-core:48012] [Bug #7168]
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_join): path names must be ASCII-compatible.
+	  [ruby-core:48012] [Bug #7168]
+
+	* file.c (check_path_encoding): new function to ensure path name
+	  encoding to be ASCII-compatible.
+
+Tue Oct 16 09:40:04 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb
+	  (TextRegexp#test_raw_hyphen_and_tk_char_type_after_range): use
+	  Regexp.new instead of literal to ignore a parser warning.
+
+Tue Oct 16 09:30:30 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb
+	  (TextRegexp#test_raw_hyphen_and_tk_char_type_after_range): ignoring
+	  warnings are already set in setup method.
+
+Tue Oct 16 06:44:06 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (VM_CALLEE_SETUP_ARG): fix wrong condition.
+
+Tue Oct 16 06:29:18 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): disable CI_SET_FASTPATH() if
+	  this method call needs splat argument because cached functions
+	  (vm_call_attrset, vm_call_ivar, vm_call_cfunc_fast_(unary|binary))
+	  do not check an arity.
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_method.rb: add a test to check an above issue.
+
+Tue Oct 16 06:15:44 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* method.h: introduce new method type VM_METHOD_TYPE_CFUNC_FAST.
+	  This method is similar to VM_METHOD_TYPE_CFUNC methods, but
+	  called cfunc without building new frame (does not push new control
+	  frame). If error is occurred in cfunc, the backtrace only shows
+	  caller frame and upper.
+	  This kind of methods can be added by rb_define_method_fast().
+	  This feature is similar to specialized instructions (opt_plus, etc),
+	  but more flexible (but a bit slower).
+
+	* class.c (rb_define_method_fast): added.
+	  Maybe it will be renamed soon.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): support method type
+	  VM_METHOD_TYPE_CFUNC_FAST.
+
+	* proc.c (rb_method_entry_arity): catch up new method type.
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_add_method_cfunc_fast): added.
+
+Tue Oct 16 02:32:29 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h (CI_SET_FASTPATH): add new parameter `enabled'.
+	  If `enable' is 0 then CI_SET_FASTPATH() doesn't work.
+	  And add new configuration option OPT_CALL_FASTPATH. If this macro
+	  was defined by 0, then CI_SET_FASTPATH() doesn't work any more.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): Pass `0' for `enabled' parameter
+	  of CI_SET_FASTPATH if this method is protected.
+
+Tue Oct 16 02:17:35 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h (VM_CALL_*): rename VM_CALL_*_BIT
+	  to VM_CALL_* (remove `_BIT' suffix).
+	  Add comments on each macros.
+	  Remove unused macro VM_CALL_TAILRECURSION_BIT.
+
+	* compile.c, iseq.c, insns.def, vm_insnhelper.c: ditto.
+
+Mon Oct 15 22:14:44 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (Test::Unit::Assertions#file_assertion):
+	  rewrite file assertions.
+
+Mon Oct 15 09:41:17 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (VM_CALLEE_SETUP_ARG): skip CI_SET_FASTPATH() if
+	  it was called from vm_yield_setup_args().
+
+Mon Oct 15 05:20:13 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h CI_SET_FASTPATH: introduce new macro
+	  `CI_SET_FASTPATH(ci, func)'. This macro set `ci->call' as `func'.
+	  `func' (ci->call) is called at the last of `send'
+	  (and `invokesuper') instruction.
+	  `CI_SET_FASTPATH' does not set `ci->call' when the method
+	  (stored in `ci->me') is `protected'.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): use `CI_SET_FASTPATH'.
+	  After several checking (visibility, argc checking), the result of
+	  checking can be reused until re-definition of this method
+	  with inline method cache.
+
+	  Note that this optimization is now experimental.
+	  If you find any problem about it, please tell us.
+
+Mon Oct 15 04:51:55 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c: refactoring.
+	  - move all `call' related functions to the last of file.
+	  - make functions for respective method types in vm_call_method().
+	    (all functions have same function parameters)
+
+	* vm_core.h: add `opt_pc' field in `rb_call_info_t'
+	  as temporal variable.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_body): catch up above changes.
+
+Mon Oct 15 03:51:46 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_attr_ivar(_set).rb: added (for method dispatch speed).
+
+	* benchmark/bm_vm1_float_simple.rb: added (for flonum/float).
+
+Mon Oct 15 02:51:16 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0_body): add new function.
+	  `vm_call0()' makes call_info struct and calls `vm_call0_body()'
+	  with this struct. In near future, `vm_call0()' will be removed
+	  because all of `vm_call0()' users setup call_info struct by itself.
+
+Mon Oct 15 01:38:06 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* insns.def (send, invokesuper, invokeblock, opt_*), vm_core.h:
+	  use only a `ci' (rb_call_info_t) parameter instead of using
+	  parameters such as `op_id', 'op_argc', `blockiseq' and flag.
+	  These information are stored in rb_call_info_t at the compile
+	  time.
+	  This technique simplifies parameter passing at related
+	  function calls (~10% speedups for simple method invocation at
+	  my machine).
+	  `rb_call_info_t' also has new function pointer variable `call'.
+	  This `call' variable enables to customize method (block)
+	  invocation process for each place. However, it always call
+	  `vm_call_general()' at this changes.
+	  `rb_call_info_t' also has temporary variables for method
+	  (block) invocation.
+
+	* vm_core.h, compile.c, insns.def: introduce VM_CALL_ARGS_SKIP_SETUP
+	  VM_CALL macro.  This flag indicates that this call can skip
+	  caller_setup (block arg and splat arg).
+
+	* compile.c: catch up above changes.
+
+	* iseq.c: catch up above changes (especially for TS_CALLINFO).
+
+	* tool/instruction.rb: catch up above changes.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c, vm_insnhelper.h: ditto. Macros and functions
+	  parameters are changed.
+
+	* vm_eval.c (vm_call0): ditto (it will be rewritten soon).
+
+Sun Oct 14 12:30:44 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ruby.c (rb_f_sub, rb_f_gsub): pass the given block.
+	  [ruby-core:47967] [Bug #7157]
+
+Sat Oct 13 23:15:39 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* regparse.c (parse_char_class): should match with a hyphen after a
+	  range in a character class.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb (TestRegexp#test_char_class): fixed wrong
+	  test.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb (TestRegexp#check): now can accept the
+	  error message.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb
+	  (TextRegexp#test_raw_hyphen_and_tk_char_type_after_range): renamed
+	  because the previous name was wrong.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb
+	  (TextRegexp#test_raw_hyphen_and_tk_char_type_after_range): added
+	  more test pattern.
+
+Sat Oct 13 03:01:53 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (realpath_rec): prevent link from GC while link_names refers
+	  the content.
+
+Sat Oct 13 01:37:48 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_regexp.rb
+	  (TestRegexp#test_raw_hyphen_and_type_char_after_range): added new
+	  test. ref [ruby-core:47115] [Backport #6853]
+
+Fri Oct 12 21:55:08 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/win32.h (rb_w32_pow): set floating point precision
+	  for mingw-w64 x86 pow(). This improves the precision of pow() on
+	  Windows XP for TestFloat#test_round_with_precision failure.
+	  [ruby-core:47911] [Bug #7142]
+
+Fri Oct 12 21:37:25 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/webrick/test_cgi.rb (TestWEBrickCGI#test_cgi): skip a test
+	  depending on locale on Windows. ENV[] doesn't work properly if
+	  console code page is not equal to file system encoding.
+	  [ruby-core:47910] [Bug #7140]
+
+Fri Oct 12 20:40:29 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (posix_sh_cmds): the command name of colon is ":".
+
+Fri Oct 12 18:18:03 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_get_path_check): path name must not contain NUL bytes.
+
+Fri Oct 12 16:06:20 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/merger.rb: now can merge revision(s) without --ticket again.
+
+Fri Oct 12 14:10:41 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (dir_config, init_mkmf): use configured libdir value as
+	  default library path.  [ruby-core:43726] [Bug #6207]
+
+Fri Oct 12 05:25:00 2012  Zachary Scott	<zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/timeout.rb (timeout):
+	  Remove paragraph on wrong implementation detail.
+	  [ruby-core:47739] [Bug #7088]
+
+Thu Oct 11 23:09:46 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_sub{seq,pos,str}, rb_str_each_{line,codepoint}):
+	  prevent String copies from GC.  [ruby-core:47881] [Bug #7135]
+
+Thu Oct 11 07:40:50 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (insn_operand_intern): cast op to rb_call_info_t* before
+	  compare with iseq->callinfo_entries whose type is rb_call_info_t*.
+
+Thu Oct 11 03:37:08 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* bootstraptest/test_block.rb: add tests for block with super.
+
+Thu Oct 11 02:54:07 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_dump.c: fix debug prints to catch up recent changes
+	  such as VM data structures.
+
+Thu Oct 11 02:50:34 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (insn_operand_intern): add support disasm TS_CALLINFO
+	  operands.
+
+Wed Oct 10 15:12:48 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_process.rb (TestProcess#test_execopts_gid): skip on
+	  windows because the platform does not have Process.group method.
+	  patched by Jon Forums in [ruby-core:47878] [Bug #7133].
+
+Tue Oct  9 23:18:03 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (assert_file, assert_file_not): more
+	  descriptive assertions for File predicates.
+
+Tue Oct  9 18:01:37 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_sample): use rb_random_ulong_limited, since
+	  precision of long may be larger than double.
+
+	* random.c (rb_random_ulong_limited): new function to return a random
+	  value from 0 upto limit as unsigned long, similarly to
+	  rb_genrand_ulong_limited but with arbitrary RNG object.
+
+Tue Oct  9 17:13:27 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (rb_execarg_addopt, rb_execarg_run_options): add :uid and
+	  :gid options.  [ruby-core:47414] [Feature #6975]
+
+Tue Oct  9 14:36:11 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* iseq.c (iseq_free): fix memory leak.
+	  rb_iseq_t::callinfo_entries should be freed.
+
+Tue Oct  9 14:28:18 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_call_info_t): add new type `rb_call_info_t'.
+	  This data structure contains information including inline method
+	  cache. After that, `struct iseq_inline_cache_entry' does not
+	  need to contain inline cache for method invocation.
+	  Other information will be added to this data structure.
+
+	* vm_core.h (rb_iseq_t): add `callinfo_entries' and `callinfo_size'
+	  members to `rb_iseq_t'.
+
+	* insns.def, compile.c: Use CALL_INFO instead of IC.
+
+	* tool/instruction.rb: support CALL_INFO as operand type.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c, vm_insnhelper.h: ditto.
+
+Sun Oct  7 23:54:33 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (zstream_run_func): don't call inflate() when
+	  z->stream.avail_in == 0. it return Z_BUF_ERROR.
+	  but deflate() could be called with z->stream->avail_in == 0 because
+	  it has hidden buffer in z->stream->state (opaque structure).
+	  fix for gem install error. [ruby-dev:46149] [Bug #7040]
+
+Mon Oct  8 23:55:41 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_refinements): new method Module#refinements.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: add new tests for the above changes.
+
+Mon Oct  8 23:02:19 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c, gc.c, iseq.c, node.h, vm_insnhelper.c, vm_insnhelper.h,
+	  vm_method.c: rename omod and overlaid modules to refinements.
+
+	* eval.c (hidden_identity_hash_new): renamed from identity_hash_new.
+
+Sun Oct  7 04:50:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/abbrev.rb: Documentation examples for Abbrev.
+	  [ruby-core:47442] [Bug #6985]
+
+Sun Oct  7 04:50:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_thread_aref):
+	  Grammar in Thread documentation.
+	  Patch by Steve Klabnik [ruby-core:47799] [Bug #7099]
+
+Sun Oct  7 04:37:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_match):
+	  Clarify behavior for captured strings and local variable assignment
+	  Patch by Marcus Stollsteimer [ruby-core:47668] [Bug #7062]
+
+Sat Oct  6 18:31:36 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_opts.h (OPT_GLOBAL_METHOD_CACHE): new build option to
+	  enable/disable global method caching. [ruby-dev:46203] [Bug #7111]
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_method_entry_get_with_omod): don't use global
+	  method cache if OPT_GLOBAL_METHOD_CACHE is 0.
+
+Sat Oct  6 16:32:04 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (search_method): check omod only once for performance.
+
+Sat Oct  6 09:42:04 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/encdb.c, enc/utf_16_32.h (ENC_DUMMY_UNICODE): endian-less wide
+	  UTF encodings are dummy but Unicode.
+
+	* encoding.c (rb_encdb_set_unicode): set Unicode flag.
+
+	* template/encdb.h.tmpl: allow ENC_DUMMY variants.
+
+	* encoding.c (rb_enc_unicode_p): oniguruma provides Unicode flag.
+
+Fri Oct  5 17:18:42 JST 2012  TAKANO Mitsuhiro  <tak@no32.tk>
+
+	* template/Doxyfile.tmpl: remove SHOW_DIRECTORIES and
+	  HTML_ALIGN_MEMBERS lines. They have been obsolete in
+	  Doxygen version 1.8.2.
+
+Fri Oct  5 15:26:18 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c: add ObjectSpace#reachable_objects_from.
+	  This method returns an array of objects referenced by given object.
+	  If given object is special objects such as true/false/nil/Fixnum etc
+	  then it returns nil. See rdoc for details.
+	  [ruby-core:39772]
+
+	* test/objspace/test_objspace.rb: add a test for this method.
+
+	* gc.c: add rb_objspace_reachable_objects_from().
+	  To make this function, add several member `mark_func_data'
+	  to rb_objspace_t.  If mark_func_data is not null, then
+	  gc_mark() calls mark_func_data::mark_func.
+
+	* gc.h: export rb_objspace_reachable_objects_from().
+
+Thu Oct  4 23:40:04 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (init_heap): call init_mark_stack before to allocate
+	  altstack. This change avoid the stack overflow at the signal
+	  handler on 32bit, but I don't understand reason... [Feature #7095]
+
+Thu Oct  4 22:39:27 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* insns.def (getlocal, setlocal): remove old getlocal/setlocal
+	  instructions and rename getdaynmic/setdynamic instructions
+	  to getlocal/setlocal.
+
+	* compile.c: ditto.
+
+	* iseq.c: remove TS_DINDEX.
+
+	* vm_exec.h (dindex_t): remove type definition of `dindex_t'.
+
+	* tool/instruction.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu Oct  4 21:44:17 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (vm_analysis_insn|operand|register): use st_insert
+	  instead of using rb_hash_aset() because rb_hash_aset()
+	  check $SAFE.
+
+Thu Oct  4 21:15:26 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm.c (VM_COLLECT_USAGE_DETAILS): make new VM usage analysis
+	  hooks (old macro name is COLLECT_USAGE_ANALYSIS).
+	  This feature is only for VM developers.  (I'm not sure I can use
+	  `VM developers' (the plural form) in this sentence).
+	  If VM_COLLECT_USAGE_DETAILS is not 0, VM enables the following
+	  usage collection features:
+	    (1) instruction: collect instruction usages.
+	    (2) operand: collect operand usages.
+	    (3) register: collect register usages.
+	  The results are stored in
+	    RubyVM::USAGE_ANALYSIS_INSN for (1, 2),
+	    RubyVM::USAGE_ANALYSIS_INSN_BIGRAM for (1) and
+	    RubyVM::USAGE_ANALYSIS_REGS for (3).
+	  You can stop collecting usages with
+	    RubyVM::USAGE_ANALYSIS_INSN_STOP(),
+	    RubyVM::USAGE_ANALYSIS_OPERAND_STOP(),
+	    RubyVM::USAGE_ANALYSIS_REGISTER_STOP()
+	  for (1), (2), (3) respectively.
+	  You can also change the hook functions by setting
+	  C level global variables
+	    `ruby_vm_collect_usage_func_(insn|operand|register)'
+	  for (1), (2), (3) respectively.
+	  See codes for more details.
+
+	* tool/instruction.rb: fix macro names.
+
+	* iseq.c (insn_operand_intern): make it export (used in vm.c).
+	  fix to skip several processes if not needed (pointer is 0).
+
+	* vm_dump.c: move codes for collection features to vm.c.
+
+	* vm_exec.h: rename macro and function names.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h: ditto.
+
+Thu Oct  4 18:59:14 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb (test_tracepoint):
+	  remove unused test case.
+	  (this test case is redefined by newer tests)
+
+Thu Oct  4 17:24:51 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace_call_finalizer): call gc_mark_stacked_objects
+	  at suitable point.
+
+Thu Oct  4 16:31:29 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (rb_objspace_call_finalizer): mark self-referencing finalizers
+	  before run finalizers, to fix SEGV from btest on 32bit.
+
+	* gc.c (gc_mark_stacked_objects): extract from gc_marks().
+
+Thu Oct  4 11:43:28 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (ruby_init_stack): round stack limit to page size
+	  boundary to calculate stack size more precisely.  [ruby-dev:46174]
+	  [Bug #7084]
+
+Wed Oct  3 19:51:57 2012  Narihiro Nakamura  <authornari@gmail.com>
+
+	* gc.c: Use the non-recursive marking instead of recursion. The
+	  recursion marking of CRuby needs checking stack overflow and the
+	  fail-safe system, but these systems not good at partial points,
+	  for example, marking deep tree structures. [ruby-dev:46184]
+	  [Feature #7095]
+
+	* configure.in (GC_MARK_STACKFRAME_WORD): removed. It's used by
+	  checking stack overflow of marking.
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (GC_MARK_STACKFRAME_WORD): ditto.
+
+Wed Oct  3 15:33:02 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (ruby_init_stack): use getrlimit() for the main
+	  thread on Mac OS X, since pthread_get_stack{addr,size}_np()
+	  return the default value always, but not the ulimit value.
+	  [ruby-dev:46174] [Bug #7084]
+
+Wed Oct  3 11:43:15 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_reopen): improvement to accept optional arguments.
+	  a patch by Glass_saga (Masaki Matsushita) in [ruby-core:47806].
+	  [Feature #7103]
+
+Wed Oct  3 04:36:11 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c (ossl_x509store_add_file):  Added
+	  documentation
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c (ossl_x509store_set_default_paths):
+	  ditto
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c (ossl_x509store_add_cert):  ditto
+
+Wed Oct  3 02:23:37 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (exc_to_s, name_err_to_s, name_err_mesg_to_str): do not
+	  taint messages.
+
+Tue Oct  2 16:47:06 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (identity_hash_new): hide internal hashes for refinements.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_refine): no default value.
+
+Mon Oct  1 22:54:02 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (identity_hash_new): new function to create a new identity
+	  hash.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_overlay_module, rb_mod_using, rb_mod_refine): use
+	  identity_hash_new().
+
+Mon Oct  1 02:34:53 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* configure.in (--with-opt-dir): Make this also work on DLDFLAGS
+	  so LIBRUBY_SO links fine with libexecinfo installed in a
+	  non-system directory.
+
+Sun Sep 30 23:32:00 2012  Kenta Murata  <mrkn@mrkn.jp>
+
+	* vm_dump.c (rb_vm_bugreport): add /Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports
+	  in the list of locations of crash reports.
+
+Sun Sep 30 21:18:03 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* string.c (rb_str_concat): use memcpy to copy a string which contains
+	  NUL characters. [ruby-core:47751] [Bug #7090]
+
+Sat Sep 29 19:41:53 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (EnvUtil#invoke_ruby): kill child process
+	  before Timeout::Error is raised. rmdir of mktmpdir fails with
+	  EACCES if child process is alive on Windows.
+
+	* test/thread/test_queue.rb (TestQueue): increase timeout.
+	  This test takes long time on Windows XP.
+
+Sat Sep 29 19:41:33 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/net/http/test_http.rb (TestNetHTTP#test_proxy_address):
+	  clear environment variables. If http_proxy environment variable was
+	  set, the test failed.
+
+	* test/net/http/test_http.rb (TestNetHTTP#test_proxy_port): ditto.
+
+Sat Sep 29 19:41:11 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/drb/drbtest.rb (DRbCore#teardown):
+	  Use Process.kill :KILL on Windows because Process.kill :INT silently
+	  fails on Windows 7 and raises EINVAL on Windows XP for spawned
+	  process with new_pgroup: false.
+
+	* test/drb/drbtest.rb (DRbAry#teardown): ditto.
+
+Sat Sep 29 19:40:32 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_unicode_escape.rb (TestUnicodeEscape#test_basic):
+	  set script encoding to work with LANG=C. It would work on both
+	  Windows and Unix. Refix of r37051.
+
+Sat Sep 29 11:21:06 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (rb_vm_using_modules): use using_modules before
+	  klass to fix method lookup order, and use klass even if klass is
+	  not a module to make refinements in class_eval invoked on classes
+	  work.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_using_module): accept a class as the second argument.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_mod_using, f_using): raise a TypeError if the argument
+	  is not a module.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: add new tests for the above changes.
+
+Sat Sep 29 02:18:57 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_unicode_escape.rb (TestUnicodeEscape#test_basic):
+	  Use ruby only on Windows since the test fails on Unix with LANG=C.
+	  [ruby-core:47709] [Bug #7076]
+
+Fri Sep 28 22:19:31 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_unicode_escape.rb (TestUnicodeEscape#test_basic):
+	  echo command doesn't work properly against non-ascii character on
+	  Windows with chcp 437. Instead we use ruby.
+	  [ruby-core:47709] [Bug #7076]
+
+Fri Sep 28 17:54:31 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_setup_method): refactoring.
+	  Remove src_argc and use iseq->arg_size directly.
+
+Fri Sep 28 17:26:27 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/installer.rb (check_that_user_bin_dir_is_in_path):
+	  test_generate_bin_bindir_with_user_install_warning(TestGemInstaller)
+	  fails on Windows with msys bash. It makes comparing paths
+	  case-insensitive.
+	  pick from upstream to fix a failure of test-all [ruby-core:47711]
+	 https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/commit/c474edb2f3704206f04da1c8c6cf9fb079d84abe
+
+Fri Sep 28 15:44:45 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_method.c (search_method): copy refinement iclasses to search
+	  superclasses correctly.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: related test.
+
+Fri Sep 28 15:15:41 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* insns.def (opt_checkenv): remove unused instruction `opt_checkenv'.
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_compile_each): ditto.
+
+	* node.h: remove unused node `NODE_OPTBLOCK'.
+
+	* ext/objspace/objspace.c, gc.c (gc_mark_children): ditto.
+
+Fri Sep 28 13:14:34 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: now VM_DEBUG_BP_CHECK should be 1.
+
+Fri Sep 28 12:51:54 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_core.h: remove rb_control_frame_t::bp (bp: base pointer).
+	  `bp' can be calculate by `sp' (stack pointer) of previous frame.
+	  Now, `bp_check' field is remained for debug.  You can eliminate
+	  this field by setting  VM_DEBUG_BP_CHECK as 0.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_base_ptr): add `vm_base_ptr(cfp).
+	  This function calculates base pointer from cfp.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_setup_method): push `recv' value on top of
+	  value stack (before method parameters).
+	  This change is for keeping consistency with normal method dispatch.
+
+	* insns.def: fix to use vm_base_ptr().
+
+	* vm.c (vm_exec): ditto.
+
+	* vm_dump.c: remove `bp' related dumps.
+
+	* cont.c (fiber_init): fix to check VM_DEBUG_BP_CHECK.
+
+Fri Sep 28 10:40:51 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_reopen): accept File::Constants as well as mode string.
+	  based on the patch by Glass_saga (Masaki Matsushita) in
+	  [ruby-core:47694].  [Feature #7067]
+
+Thu Sep 27 18:36:51 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_overlay_module, rb_mod_refine): accept a module as the
+	  argument of Module#refine.
+
+	* vm_method.c (search_method): if klass is an iclass, lookup the
+	  original module of the iclass in omod in order to allow
+	  refinements of modules.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_refinement.rb: add tests for the above changes.
+
+Thu Sep 27 18:12:20 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/syslog/lib/syslog/logger.rb: add a formatter to the
+	  Syslog::Logger object. [Bug #7065]
+	* test/syslog/test_syslog_logger.rb: ditto.
+
+Wed Sep 26 16:39:57 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* insns.def: add new instruction `opt_empty_p' for optimize `empty?'
+	  method.  Apply a patch proposed at [ruby-dev:46120]
+	  [ruby-trunk - Feature #6972] by Glass_saga (Masaki Matsushita).
+
+	* compile.c (iseq_specialized_instruction), vm.c, vm_insnhelper.h:
+	  ditto.
+
+	* id.c, template/id.h.tmpl: ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_optimization.rb: test for this changes.
+
+Tue Sep 25 09:59:26 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* insns.def (invokesuper): klass in cfp is not valid in at_exit and
+	  END blocks.  [ruby-core:47680] [Bug #7064]
+
+Tue Sep 25 08:11:11 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_defined_string): the index of defined_strings must
+	  be the value of type - 1.
+
+Mon Sep 24 17:36:51 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* compile.c (defined_expr), insns.def (defined): share single frozen
+	  strings.  [EXPERIMENTAL] [ruby-core:47558][Feature #7035]
+
+	* iseq.c (rb_iseq_defined_string): make expression strings.
+
+Mon Sep 24 11:22:36 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* tool/merger.rb: add --ticket option to add ticket number.
+
+Sun Sep 23 21:51:59 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (String#unspace): unescape with backslashes.  normal
+	  makes need to escape spaces with backslashes.  nmake is not the
+	  case.  [Bug #7036]
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): use timestamp file dependencies for
+	  directories.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb: unexpand macros.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (LIBPATHFLAG): no needs to escape library path here.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#configuration): make prefix paths
+	  internal to deal with in Makefile.
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (MakeMakefile#mkintpath): not a global function now.
+
+Sun Sep 23 02:33:37 2012  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* complex.c: Fix examples of r36993.
+	  Keep the simple definition, mathematics define the result.
+	  Based on patch by Robin Dupret. Fixes #188 on github.
+
+Sat Sep 22 07:15:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/ripper/lib/ripper.rb:
+	  Match sample output to Ripper.sexp from current trunk version.
+	  [Bug #6929]
+
+Thu Sep 20 23:05:11 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_cond_initialize): destroy condattr
+	  after using it. Patch by Stanislav Sedov. Thank you.
+	  [Bug #7041] [ruby-core:47619]
+
+Thu Sep 20 22:53:02 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread_pthread.c (native_cond_initialize): clean up #ifdef condition.
+
+Thu Sep 20 16:42:44 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/drb/ssl.rb (DRb::DRbSSLSocket::SSLConfig::DEFAULT): add
+	  SSLTmpDhCallback for configuration option.
+
+	* lib/drb/ssl.rb (setup_ssl_context): copy the value of tmp_dh_callback.
+
+	* test/drb/ut_array_drbssl.rb: set tmp_dh_callback to suppress warning.
+
+	* test/drb/ut_drb_drbssl.rb: ditto.
+
+Thu Sep 20 10:56:08 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/drb/ut_drb.rb: revert a part of r36987, and get rid of a warning
+	  with another method.  if the substitution is removed, the ExtSrv
+	  object will be GC'ed and some tests will be blocked.
+
+Thu Sep 20 07:20:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* complex.c: Examples for Complex Documentation.
+	  Patch by Robin Dupret.
+	  Fixes #184 on github.
+
+Thu Sep 20 07:15:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/ripper/lib/ripper.rb: Documentation for Ripper.
+	  +:void_stmt+ is meaningless
+	  [Bug #6929] [ruby-core:47507]
+
+Thu Sep 20 07:05:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb (Object#CSV, Array#to_csv, String#parse_csv):
+	  Examples and documentation for CSV.
+	  [Bug #6880] [ruby-core:47218]
+
+Thu Sep 20 00:42:20 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (take_items), enum.c (enum_zip): raise TypeError at
+	  non-enumerable objects, not NoMethodError.  [ruby-dev:46145]
+	  [Bug #7038]
+
+	* vm_eval.c (rb_check_block_call): check_funcall variant with block
+	  function.
+
+Tue Sep 18 17:51:29 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (ossl_sslctx_attrs): add npn_select_db to
+	  suppress warning: instance variable @npn_select_cb not initialized
+
+Sun Sep 16 17:47:00 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* tool/change_maker.rb:  Update svn detection for subversion 1.7's
+	  single .svn directory.
+
+Sun Sep 16 11:39:12 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* io.c (io_set_read_length): if the read length equals to the buffer
+	  string size then nothing to do.  or ensure the string modifiable
+	  before setting the length only when the former is shorter.  based on
+	  the patch in [ruby-core:47541] by Hiroshi Shirosaki.
+	  [ruby-core:46586] [Bug #6764]
+
+Sun Sep 16 08:57:52 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (strict_warnflags): separate strict flags from
+	  warnflags only for core.  [ruby-dev:46105]
+
+Sun Sep 16 08:16:05 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* .editorconfig: add.  [ruby-core:47548] [Feature #7030]
+
+Sat Sep 15 01:56:40 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c: Merge upstream: 50a383c84.
+	  [ruby-dev:46128] [Bug #7005]
+
+Sat Sep 15 00:20:04 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/nkf/nkf.c (rb_nkf_convert): suppress warning.
+
+Fri Sep 14 04:05:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_diff, rb_ary_uniq):
+	  Enhance documentation for array uniqueness
+	  Based on a patch by Robin Dupret
+	  [Bug #6872] [ruby-core:47209]
+
+Fri Sep 14 03:30:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* array.c (rb_ary_select):
+	  Update documentation for Array#select
+	* enum.c (enum_find_all, enum_reject):
+	  Update documentation for Enumerable#find_all and Enumerable#reject
+	  Based on a patch by Jeff Saracco
+	  [Bug #6908] [ruby-core:47285] [Fixes #166 on github]
+
+Fri Sep 14 00:20:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* signal.c (rb_f_kill):
+	  Update documentation for Process.kill to reflect kill(2)
+	  Patch by Richo Healey
+
+Thu Sep 13 21:40:49 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/securerandom.rb (SecureRandom.random_bytes):
+	  Use 64bit value as pointer for Windows x64 to fix SystemCallError.
+
+	* lib/securerandom.rb (SecureRandom.lastWin32ErrorMessage):
+	  Set proper encoding to avoid invalid byte sequence error.
+	  [ruby-core:47451] [Bug #6990]
+
+Thu Sep 13 11:20:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/optparse.rb: Remove unreachable email address from documentation
+	  [Bug #6996] [ruby-core:47459]
+
+Thu Sep 13 11:20:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/xmlrpc.rb: Documentation for XMLRPC
+	* lib/xmlrpc/datetime.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/xmlrpc/parser.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/xmlrpc/client.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/xmlrpc/utils.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/xmlrpc/README.rdoc: ditto.
+	* lib/xmlrpc/create.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/xmlrpc/base64.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/xmlrpc/config.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/xmlrpc/httpserver.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/xmlrpc/server.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/xmlrpc/marshal.rb: ditto.
+	* lib/xmlrpc/README.txt: ditto.
+	  [Bug #6909] [ruby-core:47286]
+
+Thu Sep 13 10:22:11 2012  Takashi Toyoshima  <toyoshim@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in: Don't use PIE on Haiku because loader support is not
+	  enough.
+
+Thu Sep 13 08:20:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/shellwords.rb: Documentation for Shellwords.
+
+Thu Sep 13 08:00:00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/ripper/lib/ripper.rb: Documentation for Ripper.
+	* ext/ripper/lib/ripper/lexer.rb: ditto.
+	* ext/ripper/lib/ripper/sexp.rb: ditto.
+	* ext/ripper/lib/ripper/filter.rb: ditto.
+	* ext/ripper/lib/ripper/core.rb: ditto.
+	  [Bug #6929] [ruby-core:47309]
+
+Wed Sep 12 22:59:07 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_method_missing, vm_call_method): reuse arguments
+	  on the VM stack and get rid of ALLOCA.
+
+Wed Sep 12 22:45::00 2012  Zachary Scott  <zzak@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb: Documentation for Pathname.
+	* ext/pathname/pathname.c: ditto.
+	  [Bug #6947] [ruby-core:47354]
+
+Mon Sep 10 10:19:34 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/depend: fixed wrong change in a part of r34802.
+
+Sun Sep  9 22:02:50 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* ext/socket/basicsocket.c (rsock_bsock_send):
+	  avoid unnecessary select() calls before doing I/O
+	  Patch by Eric Wong. [Feature #4538] [ruby-core:35586]
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_s_recvfrom): ditto.
+	* ext/socket/init.c (rsock_s_accept): ditto.
+	* ext/socket/udpsocket.c (udp_send): ditto.
+	* io.c (io_fflush): ditto.
+	* io.c (io_binwrite): ditto.
+	* io.c (rb_io_syswrite): ditto.
+
+Mon Sep 10 01:38:51 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (nogvl_close, maygvl_close, nogvl_fclose, maygvl_fclose):
+	  suppress integer <-> pointer cast warnings.
+	  [Feature #4570] [ruby-core:35711]
+
+Mon Sep 10 01:36:00 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_close): notify fd close before releasing gvl.
+	* io.c (fptr_finalize): modify fptr->mode before releasing gvl.
+	  remove unnecessary rb_thread_fd_close().
+	  [Feature #4570] [ruby-core:35711]
+
+Mon Sep 10 00:16:34 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c: exec() requires to be single threaded also on Haiku.
+	  by Takashi Toyoshima <toyoshim@gmail.com>
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/178
+
+Sun Sep  9 21:21:15 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/thread.rb (Queue#pop): Fixed double registration issue when
+	  mutex.sleep is interrupted. [Bug #5258] [ruby-dev:44448]
+	* lib/thread.rb (SizedQueue#push): ditto.
+
+	* test/thread/test_queue.rb (test_sized_queue_and_wakeup,
+	test_queue_pop_interrupt, test_sized_queue_pop_interrupt,
+	test_sized_queue_push_interrupt): new tests.
+
+Sun Sep  9 20:20:31 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/sync.rb (Sync_m#sync_lock): Fixed wakeup/raise unsafe code.
+	  Patched by Masaki Matsushita. [Bug #5355] [ruby-dev:44521]
+
+	* test/thread/test_sync.rb (test_sync_lock_and_wakeup,
+	  test_sync_upgrade_and_wakeup, test_sync_lock_and_raise):
+	  new test.
+
+Sun Sep  9 18:39:46 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h (rb_thread_blocking_region): Added
+	  a comment of recommended alternative way.
+
+Sun Sep  9 18:37:05 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/sync.rb (Sync_m): Removed RCS_ID.
+
+Sun Sep  9 18:21:03 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_io.rb (test_advise_pipe): new test to check
+	  io.advise() against anonymous io object don't make crash.
+	  made by Eric Wong. [Bug #6081] [ruby-core:42880]
+
+Sun Sep  9 16:47:12 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (nogvl_close, maygvl_close, nogvl_fclose, maygvl_fclose):
+	  new functions.
+	* io.c (fptr_finalize): release GVL if possible.
+	  Patched by Eric Wong. [Feature #4570] [ruby-core:35711]
+
+Sun Sep  9 16:08:48 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* io.c (io_bufread): removed unnecessary rb_thread_wait_fd().
+	  Patch by Eric Wong. [Bug #6629] [ruby-core:45789]
+	* io.c (rb_io_sysread): ditto.
+	* io.c (copy_stream_fallback_body): ditto.
+
+Sun Sep  9 15:21:52 2012  KOSAKI Motohiro  <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
+
+	* thread.c (rb_mutex_lock): stop multiple threads use
+	  pthread_cond_timedwait() concurrently. [Bug #6278] [ruby-core:44275]
+
+Sat Sep  8 18:52:22 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* internal.h (struct rb_classext_struct): move allocator function into
+	  rb_classext_t from ordinary method table.  [ruby-dev:46121]
+	  [Feature #6993]
+
+	* object.c (rb_obj_alloc): call allocator function directly.
+
+	* vm_method.c (rb_define_alloc_func, rb_undef_alloc_func)
+	  (rb_get_alloc_func): use allocator function in rb_classext_t.
+
+Fri Sep  7 01:21:51 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/extmk.rb (extmake), lib/mkmf.rb (have_framework): fix splitting
+	  options with an argument, not using NUL as special character.
+	  [ruby-core:47447] [Bug #6987]
+
+Thu Sep  6 14:49:49 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* .gdbinit (rp): FLONUM support.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (ruby_special_consts): define FLONUM constants
+	  always, so that they are available from gdb.
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P): merge FLONUM and non-FLONUM
+	  versions.  inline TYPE() comparison and FLONUM_P() should be
+	  optimized away on non-FLONUM.
+
+Thu Sep  6 08:20:55 2012  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
+
+	* lib/minitest/*: Imported minitest 3.4.0 (r7762)
+	* test/minitest/*: ditto
+
+Wed Sep  5 19:20:53 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (rb_warn4S): renamed from rb_warn4(), because the case in
+	  r36911 takes a string.
+
+	* parse.y (rb_warn4S): use ripper_warnS() for ripper.
+
+	* parse.y (ripper_warnS): now it is used.
+
+Wed Sep  5 15:51:52 2012  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* .travis.yml (notifications): [experimental] update notification
+	  template.
+
+Wed Sep  5 15:21:12 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (rb_warn4): added as a rb_warn variant to warn with explicit
+	  source file name and line in parse.y.
+
+	* parse.y (warn_unused_var): use rb_warn4 to suppress warning on ripper.
+
+Wed Sep  5 13:30:04 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (glob_make_pattern): names under recursive need to be single
+	  basenames to match for each name.  [ruby-core:47418] [Bug #6977]
+
+Tue Sep  4 20:55:17 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/envutil.rb (EnvUtil#invoke_ruby): show Timeout::Error
+	  instead of IOError if the timeout has expired.
+
+	* test/test_pstore.rb
+	  (PStoreTest#test_pstore_files_are_accessed_as_binary_files):
+	  increase timeout because this test is slow on Windows.
+	  [ruby-core:47402] [Bug #6965]
+
+Tue Sep  4 11:28:57 2012  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_eval.c (ruby_eval_string_from_file_protect): initializer
+	  element is not computable at load time.
+
+Tue Sep  4 07:48:35 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/test_asn1_rb:
+	  test/openssl/test_ssl_session.rb:
+	  test/openssl/test_x509name.rb:
+	  test/openssl/test_buffering.rb:
+	  test/openssl/test_x509cert.rb:
+	  test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Refactor code that leads to warnings on
+	  Ruby CI.
+
+Tue Sep  4 07:02:56 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/utils.rb: Use DSS1 as DSA signature digest for all
+	  OpenSSL versions < 1.0.0.
+	  [Feature #6946] [ruby-core:47405]
+
+Mon Sep  3 21:22:37 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_float_value): suppress warnings.
+	  [ruby-core:47406][Bug #6971]
+
+Mon Sep  3 14:49:03 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/matrix.rb (Vector#magnitude): accumulate squares of absolute
+	  values to fix for complex vector.  [ruby-dev:46100] [Bug #6966]
+
+Mon Sep  3 10:09:36 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: Detect OpenSSL_FIPS macro
+	  ext/openssl/ossl.c: Expose OpenSSL::OPENSSL_FIPS constant to
+	  indicate whether OpenSSL runs in FIPS mode.
+	  test/openssl/test_pkey_dh.rb: Generate 256 bit keys for
+	  non-FIPS installations to improve test performance (e.g. for
+	  rubyci).
+	  test/openssl/utils.rb: Replace DSS1 as certificate signature
+	  digest with SHA1 for FIPS installations when using DSA by
+	  introducing TestUtils::DSA_SIGNATURE_DIGEST.
+	  test/openssl/test_x509cert.rb:
+	  test/openssl/test_x509crl.rb:
+	  test/openssl/test_x509req.rb: Use DSA_SIGNATURE_DIGEST
+	  NEWS: Introduce OpenSSL::OPENSSL_FIPS
+
+	  These changes allow running the OpenSSL tests in FIPS mode
+	  while keeping a high performance for non-FIPS installations.
+	  Introduction of OpenSSL::OPENSSL_FIPS allows for applications
+	  to react to special requirements when using OpenSSL in FIPS mode.
+	  [Feature #6946] [ruby-core:47345]
+
+Sun Sep  2 21:46:28 2012  Martin Bosslet <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/utils.rb: Use a cached DH key instead of generating a
+	  new one each time.
+
+Sun Sep  2 05:41:28 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/webrick/ssl.rb (WEBrick::Config::SSL): add new key
+	  SSLTmpDhCallback to set SSLContext#tmp_dh_callback.
+
+	* lib/webrick/ssl.rb (WEBrick::GenericServer#setup_ssl_context):
+	  follow above.
+
+Sat Sep  1 18:50:50 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/set.rb (#initialize_copy, #eql): Use instance_variable_get
+	  instead of instance_eval.
+
+Fri Aug 31 21:47:56 2012  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
+
+	* lib/test/unit/test-unit.gemspec: Make test/unit default gem.
+	  [Feature #6875] [ruby-dev:46051]
+
+Fri Aug 31 18:35:02 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: Check existence of OPENSSL_NPN_NEGOTIATED.
+	  ext/ossl_ssl.c: Support Next Protocol Negotiation. Protocols to be
+	  advertised by the server can be set in the SSLContext by using
+	  SSLContext#npn_protocols=, protocol selection on the client is
+	  supported by providing a selection callback with
+	  SSLContext#npn_select_cb. The protocol that was finally negotiated
+	  is available through SSL#npn_protocol.
+	  test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: Add tests for Next Protocol Negotiation.
+	  NEWS: add news about NPN support.
+	  [Feature #6503] [ruby-core:45272]
+
+Fri Aug 31 17:38:43 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/set.rb (Set#{each,reject!,select!}, SortedSet#each): Pass
+	  the original block through instead of creating one that only
+	  yields the passed argument.
+
+Fri Aug 31 16:23:20 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/ipaddr.rb: Introduce several new error classes where only
+	  ArgumentError and StandardError were used.  IPAddr::Error is
+	  their common ancestor class that inherits from ArgumentError for
+	  backward compatibility.  Submitted by Jon Daniel.  Fixes #173 on
+	  GitHub.
+
+Fri Aug 31 14:51:27 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb (TestBigDecimal#test_to_f): added
+	  for previous commit.
+
+Fri Aug 31 14:32:05 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_to_f): use self's sign to
+	  determine 0.0 and Inf's sign instead of internal double value's.
+	  Reported by phasis68 (Heesob Park) at [ruby-core:47381] [Bug #6955]
+
+Fri Aug 31 14:31:17 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* template/id.h.tmpl, tool/id2token.rb: make id.h independent from
+	  parse.h, and make parse.c dependent on it instead.
+
+Fri Aug 31 14:27:39 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): fix race conditions at install-ext.
+	  target files need to depend on destination directory timestamp
+	  files, not phony targets.
+
+Fri Aug 31 14:03:45 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_trace.c (clean_hooks): do not access freed memory.
+
+	* vm_trace.c (rb_threadptr_exec_event_hooks): fix uninitialized state
+	  when no events is executed.
+
+Thu Aug 30 18:21:51 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* io.c (rb_io_close): call rb_last_status_clear.
+
+Thu Aug 30 16:17:52 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_to_f): check underflow since
+	  strtod() sets errno to ERANGE at underflow too.  [ruby-core:47342]
+	  [Bug #6944]
+
+Thu Aug 30 12:44:43 2012  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* lib/set.rb (Set#{<,>,<=,>=}): Define comparison operators as
+	  shorthand for the {proper_}{subset?,superset?} methods (finally).
+	  Given a push by Alexander E. Fischer.
+
+Thu Aug 30 09:21:01 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/uri/ftp.rb (URI::FTP#initialize): raise InvalidURIError if "//"
+	  is not present [ruby-core:47344] [Bug #6945]
+
+Thu Aug 30 07:45:12 2012  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: fix test introduced in r36811 for
+	  posix environments where HOME is not defined.  [ruby-core:47322]
+
+Wed Aug 29 23:42:59 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* internal.h (rb_last_status_clear): declared.
+
+	* process.c (rb_last_status_clear): exported.
+	  (rb_f_system): call rb_last_status_clear.
+
+	* io.c (rb_f_backquote): call rb_last_status_clear.
+
+Wed Aug 29 22:01:15 2012  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* process.c (rb_f_system): check failures of waitpid.
+	  [ruby-talk:398687]
+
+Wed Aug 29 15:03:04 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in (LIBDIR_BASENAME): use configured libdir value to fix
+	  --enable-load-relative on systems where libdir is not default value,
+	  overridden in config.site files.  [ruby-core:47267] [Bug #6903]
+
+	* ruby.c (ruby_init_loadpath_safe): ditto.
+
+Wed Aug 29 14:34:41 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c: SIZE_MAX is defined in stdint.h, so r36755 breaks
+	  32bit FreeBSD. [ruby-core:47360] [Bug #6948]
+
+Wed Aug 29 04:50:04 2012  Martin Bosslet  <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+
+	* test/openssl/utils.rb
+	  test/openssl/test_pair.rb
+	  test/openssl/test_pkey_dh.rb: Use 1024 bit DH parameters to satisfy
+	  OpenSSL FIPS requirements. Patch by Vit Ondruch.
+	  [Bug #6938] [ruby-core:47326]
+
+Tue Aug 28 22:31:49 2012  CHIKANAGA Tomoyuki  <nagachika@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* insns.def (checkmatch): suppress warnings. [ruby-core:47339]
+	  [Bug #6930]
+
+Tue Aug 28 20:03:54 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: Fixing Haiku R1/alpha3 build with gcc-4.4.4.
+	  - omit ANSI standard flags to compile socket extension where
+	    anonymous union is required.
+	  - remove redundant -be flags.
+	  by Takashi Toyoshima <toyoshim@gmail.com>
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/168
+
+Tue Aug 28 11:32:37 2012  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@google.com>
+
+	* nacl/GNUmakefile.in (.rbconfig.time): r36828 was incomplete.
+	  It did not run correctly on clean build.
+
+Tue Aug 28 09:25:20 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (Makefile): make to depend on common.mk, to
+	  stop and force to re-run make process when common.mk is changed.
+
+Mon Aug 27 20:19:49 2012  Hiroshi Shirosaki  <h.shirosaki@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/etc/test_etc.rb (TestEtc#test_getgrgid): fix for non unique GID.
+	  No unixen systems guarantee that GID is unique. Etc.getgrgid would
+	  not return the first entry in the order of Etc.group for shared GID.
+	  [ruby-core:47312] [Bug #6935]
+
+Mon Aug 27 18:19:36 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h (rb_float_value): optimize it.
+	  This technique was pointed by shinichiro.hamaji
+	  <http://shinh.skr.jp/m/?date=20120825#p02>.
+
+Mon Aug 27 15:08:25 2012  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@google.com>
+
+	* common.mk (vm_trace.o): Added a missing dependency.
+
+Sun Aug 26 09:29:32 2012  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* nacl/GNUmakefile.in (package): make package should install
+	  example.html for nacl build
+
+	Patch by Takashi Toyoshima <toyoshim AT gmail.com>.
+
+Sun Aug 26 09:22:33 2012  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
+
+	* nacl/GNUmakefile.in (CC, LD, NM, AR, AS, RANLIB, OBJDUMP, OBJCOPY)
+	  Rewrites these variables instead of PATH.
+	  NaCl port uses a toolchain which is specified by NACL_SDK_ROOT
+	  environment variable. Originally, NaCl build added the toolchain
+	  under the NACL_SDK_ROOT to the PATH. But updating PATH doesn't work
+	  on Mac.
+	  (RBCONFIG): Replaces configs with the variable updates above.
+
+	* configure.in: Thus it is no longer necessary to check $PATH.
+
+	Based on a patch by Takashi Toyoshima <toyoshim AT gmail.com>.
+
+Sun Aug 26 16:53:00 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* insns.def (checkmatch): suppress warnings.  [ruby-core:47310]
+	  [Bug #6930]
+
+	* vm_core.h (VM_FRAME_TYPE_FINISH_P): ditto.
+
+Fri Aug 24 15:42:28 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): use timestamp for destination
+	  directories to make them before making or copying files there.
+	  [ruby-dev:46067] [Bug #6904]
+
+Fri Aug 24 12:40:15 2012  Luis Lavena  <luislavena@gmail.com>
+
+	* configure.in (mingw): add shlwapi to the list of dependency
+	  libs for Windows.
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (EXTSOLIBS): ditto.
+
+	* internal.h: declare internal functions rb_w32_init_file,
+	  rb_file_expand_path_internal and rb_file_expand_path_fast.
+
+	* file.c (Init_File): invoke Windows initialization rb_w32_init_file
+
+	* win32/file.c (rb_file_load_path_internal): new function.
+	  Windows-specific implementation that replaces file_expand_path.
+	  [Bug #6836][ruby-core:46996]
+
+	* win32/file.c (rb_w32_init_file): new function. Initialize codepage
+	  cache for faster conversion encodings lookup.
+
+	* file.c (file_expand_path): rename to rb_file_expand_path_internal.
+	  Conditionally exclude from Windows.
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_expand_path_fast): new function. delegates to
+	  rb_file_expand_path_internal without performing a hit to the
+	  filesystem.
+
+	* file.c (file_expand_path_1): use rb_file_expand_path_internal without
+	  path expansion (used by require).
+	* file.c (rb_find_file_ext_safe): ditto.
+	* file.c (rb_find_file_safe): ditto.
+
+	* load.c (rb_get_expanded_load_path): use rb_file_expand_path_fast.
+	* load.c (rb_feature_provided): ditto.
+
+	* file.c (rb_file_expand_path): use rb_file_expand_path_internal with
+	  path expansion.
+	* file.c (rb_file_absolute_path): ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_file_exhaustive.rb: new tests to exercise
+	  rb_file_expand_path_internal implementation and compliance with
+	  existing behaviors.
+
+Fri Aug 24 07:35:24 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* lib/net/http/backward.rb (class Net):  Restored Net::HTTPSession to
+	  fix backwards-compatibility with ancient Net::HTTP.  [Bug #6889]
+
+Thu Aug 23 20:58:55 2012  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* common.mk: support `make id.h` without `rm .id.h.time` after
+	  `rm id.h`.
+
+Thu Aug 23 20:48:45 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_fixnum.rb (TestFixnum#test_singleton_method): new test.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_bignum.rb (TestBignum#test_singleton_method): ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_float.rb (TestFloat#test_singleton_method): ditto.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_symbol.rb (TestSymbol#test_singleton_method): ditto.
+
+Thu Aug 23 20:34:32 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* class.c (singleton_class_of): flonum can't have singleton class.
+
+	* vm.c (vm_define_method): flonum can't have singleton method.
+
+Thu Aug 23 19:18:33 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (win32/*): macro RUBY_H_INCLUDES is not defined there,
+	  so need to move dependency rules under the definition of it.
+
+Thu Aug 23 19:16:20 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub: refactoring.  remove unused rules, and update
+	  some rules which are not used usually to fit current macros.
+
+Thu Aug 23 16:46:10 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* file.c (rb_find_file_ext_safe, rb_find_file_safe): default to
+	  US-ASCII for encdb and transdb.
+
+	* load.c (search_required): keep encoding of feature name.  set
+	  loading path to filesystem encoding.  [Bug #6377][ruby-core:44750]
+
+	* ruby.c (add_modules, require_libraries): assume default external
+	  encoding as well as ARGV.
+
+Thu Aug 23 16:20:04 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: introduce flonum technique for
+	  64bit CPU environment (sizeof(double) == sizeof(VALUE)).
+	  flonum technique enables to avoid double object creation
+	  if the double value d is in range about between
+	  1.72723e-77 < |d| <= 1.15792e+77 or 0.0.
+	  flonum Float value is immediate and their lowest two bits
+	  are b10.
+	  If flonum is activated, then USE_FLONUM macro is 1.
+	  I'll write detailed in this technique on
+	  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-master/wiki/Flonum_tech
+
+	* benchmark/bmx_temp.rb: add an benchmark for simple
+	  Float calculation.
+
+	* gc.c (id2ref, rb_obj_id): add flonum Float support.
+
+	* include/ruby/intern.h: move decl of rb_float_new(double)
+	  to include/ruby/ruby.h.
+
+	* insns.def, vm.c, vm_insnhelper.c: add flonum optimization
+	  and simplify source code.
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.h (FLONUM_2_P): added.
+
+	* marshal.c: support flonum output.
+
+	* numeric.c (rb_float_new_in_heap): added.
+
+	* parse.y: support flonum.
+
+	* random.c: ditto.
+
+Thu Aug 23 16:12:40 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): add dependency to header files when
+	  depend files don't exist.  now we can remove simple (and often
+	  wrong) depend files in most cases.
+
+Thu Aug 23 16:02:20 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* ext/date/depend: add dependency to $(ruby_headers).
+
+Thu Aug 23 12:51:39 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* insns.def (invokesuper): reverted r36640 partially to make super
+	  in a thread work correctly. [ruby-core:47284] [Bug #6907]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_super.rb: related test.
+
+Thu Aug 23 12:30:20 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/configure.bat: support --with(out)?-ext(ensions) options.
+
+Thu Aug 23 11:52:04 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: Fixing Haiku build.
+	  - -lbe is not required for linking
+	  - stack protector doesn't work for now because of the default gcc's
+	    bug
+	  by Takashi Toyoshima <toyoshim@gmail.com>
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/167
+
+	* signal.c (ruby_signal): haiku doesn't have SIGBUS.
+
+Thu Aug 23 11:32:44 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/open-uri/test_open-uri.rb (TestOpenURI#test_read_timeout): this
+	  test expects that the server thread will be killed in sleep, but 0.01
+	  sec is too short to reach there.
+
+Thu Aug 23 10:49:28 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* configure.in: use the value of --with-opt-dir on building ruby
+	  itself. [ruby-dev:46064] [Bug #6900]
+
+Thu Aug 23 10:36:35 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* common.mk (ID_H_TARGET): revert a part of r36724 and r36751.  they
+	  break mswin build from clean source.
+
+Thu Aug 23 02:37:35 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* ext/syck: removed. Fixes [ruby-core:43360]
+
+	* test/syck: removed.
+
+	* lib/yaml.rb: only require psych, show a warning if people try to set
+	  the engine to syck.
+
+Thu Aug 23 01:46:53 2012  Aaron Patterson <aaron@tenderlovemaking.com>
+
+	* insns.def: search up the cf stack for an object that is an instance
+	  of the recipient class.  Fixes [ruby-core:47186]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_super.rb: related test.
+
+Wed Aug 22 19:46:24 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: [ruby-core:47266].
+
+Wed Aug 22 19:41:19 2012  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* ext/date/date_core.c: [ruby-core:47226].
+
+Wed Aug 22 16:57:04 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/mkmf.rb (configuration): extract least ruby headers list as
+	  ruby_headers, so depend files can use default dependency
+	  explicitly.
+
+Wed Aug 22 15:27:50 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_setup_method): fix last commit of
+	  vm_insnhelper.c (r36771). [ruby-dev:46065] [Bug #6901]
+	  Should not disable tail call opt on FINISH_FRAME.
+	  This flag should be propagated correctly.
+
+Wed Aug 22 14:05:23 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c: support TracePoint. [ruby-trunk - Feature #6895]
+
+	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb: add tests for above.
+
+	* proc.c (rb_binding_new_with_cfp): add an internal function.
+
+	* vm.c (rb_vm_control_frame_id_and_class): add an internal function.
+
+	* vm_trace.c: add rb_add_event_hook2() and rb_thread_add_event_hook2().
+	  Give us the good name for them!
+
+Wed Aug 22 11:38:16 2012  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* .travis.yml (before_script): Turned out that make -j is broken.
+
+Wed Aug 22 11:23:35 2012  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_setup_method): should not enable tail call
+	  optimization for frames with VM_FRAME_FLAG_FINISH.
+	  [ruby-dev:46065] [Bug #6901]
+
+Wed Aug 22 11:20:47 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/rubygems/test_case.rb: run test with psych if exist.
+
+Thu Aug 16 12:09:51 2012  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@google.com>
+
+	* nacl/pepper_main.c (init_loadpath): Pushes the correct load path on
+	  other architectures than x86_64. Fixes #6873.
+
+Wed Aug 15 19:37:33 2012  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@google.com>
+
+	* configure.in (ac_cv_func_shutdown): shutdown(2) has a dummy
+	  implementation but has no declaration and does not work in
+	  NativeClient SDK pepper_20.
+
+Wed Aug 15 19:29:29 2012  Yuki Yugui Sonoda  <yugui@google.com>
+
+	* common.mk (vm_backtrace.o): Added missing dependencies.
+
+	* ext/nkf/depend (nkf.o): ditto.
+
+	* ext/ripper/depend (ripper.o) ditto.
+
+Wed Aug 22 07:27:00 2012  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lib/cgi/util.rb (CGI.escapeHTML): use &#39;
+	  [ruby-core:47221] [Bug #6861]
+
+Tue Aug 21 21:59:22 2012  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/observer.rb: fix typo. https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/162 by
+	  unsymbol (Philip Cunningham).
+
+Tue Aug 21 20:30:06 2012  Benoit Daloze  <eregontp@gmail.com>
+
+	* test/fileutils/test_fileutils.rb (TestFileUtils#teardown):
+	  do not assume cwd is TMPROOT and never remove current directory.
+	  [ruby-core:47224][Bug #6884]
+
+Tue Aug 21 17:29:56 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* addr2line.c (fill_lines): need check and cast of the file size of
+	  target binary because there are some platforms which off_t > size_t.
+
+Tue Aug 21 17:07:58 2012  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* .travis.yml (compiler): [experimental] clang support.
+
+Tue Aug 21 15:44:27 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/dl/lib/dl/func.rb (DL::Function#bind): fixes an error in
+	  test/dl/test_import.rb (DL::TestImport#test_carried_function)
+	  introduced by r36718.
+	  the instance of the anonymous class which wraps the block should have
+	  same methods and instance variables of self.
+
+Tue Aug 21 14:29:22 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* win32/Makefile.sub (scriptbin.mk): no need to include twice.
+
+Tue Aug 21 10:52:08 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/unit/test.rb (Test::Unit::ProxyError): new exception class to
+	  wrap exceptions raised in workers in parallel test mode.
+
+	* test/unit/parallel.rb (Test::Unit::Worker#puke): use above wrapper
+	  exception.
+	  [Bug #6882] [ruby-dev:46054]
+
+Tue Aug 21 10:40:06 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* test_continuation.rb (tracing_with_thread_set_trace_func):
+	  fix to use Thread#set_trace_func(nil), not set_trace_func(nil).
+
+Tue Aug 21 09:32:41 2012  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
+
+	* lib/minitest/*: Imported minitest 3.3.0 (r7676)
+	* test/minitest/*: ditto
+
+Tue Aug 21 09:05:32 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/testunit/tests_for_parallel/ptest_forth.rb: added a test case
+	  which causes an error.
+
+	* test/testunit/test_parallel.rb: follow above change.
+	  see [Bug #6882]
+
+Tue Aug 21 05:43:00 2012  James Edward Gray II  <james@graysoftinc.com>
+
+	* lib/csv.rb: Fixes #161 on github
+	* lib/csv.rb: You can now specify a pattern for :skip_lines.
+	  Matching lines will not be passed to the CSV parser.
+	* lib/csv.rb: Patch by Christian Schwartz.
+
+Tue Aug 21 05:25:41 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_initialize_m): Forgot to update output for or'd-options
+	  example.
+
+Tue Aug 21 05:18:03 2012  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
+
+	* re.c (rb_reg_initialize_m): Update example to show that regexp
+	  options use | an not || to avoid confusion.
+
+Mon Aug 20 23:02:27 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y: more descriptive token names in syntax error messages.
+
+Mon Aug 20 20:36:30 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_method): follow iclasses as klass in cfp
+	  but not included modules.  [ruby-core:47241] [Bug #6891]
+
+	* vm_insnhelper.c (vm_call_bmethod): pass defined_class to follow
+	  proper ancestors.  [ruby-core:47241] [Bug #6891]
+
+Mon Aug 20 11:40:27 2012  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+
+	* common.mk: fix failed to make with -j2.
+	  https://gist.github.com/3397935
+
+Mon Aug 20 10:51:01 2012  Shota Fukumori  <sorah@tubusu.net>
+
+	* lib/test/unit.rb, lib/test/unit/parallel.rb:
+	  generate error message (String) in parallel.rb instead of
+	  marshalling Exception. Fixes [Bug #6882] [ruby-dev:46054]
+
+Sun Aug 19 01:24:32 2012  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
+
+	* enum.c: fix docs. https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/129 by
+	  richardkmichael (Richard Michael).
+
+Sun Aug 19 00:47:26 2012  Ayumu AIZAWA  <ayumu.aizawa@gmail.com>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb: fix typo.
+	  https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/155 by simonc (Simon COURTOIS).
+
+Sat Aug 18 09:57:46 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* enc/depend: fix inplace-build condition.  enc.mk is generated with
+	  setting $srcdir to enc, but pwd is still top build directory.
+	  [ruby-core:47236] [Bug #6888]
+
+Fri Aug 17 23:28:54 2012  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* object.c (rb_any_to_s, rb_obj_inspect): preserve encodings of class
+	  name and instance variable names.
+
+Fri Aug 17 12:39:33 2012  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/dl/lib/dl/func.rb (DL::Function#bind): allow to return/break from
+	  the callback method. (Fiddle already allows it.)
+	  [Bug #6389] [ruby-dev:45604]
+
+Thu Aug 16 19:54:24 2012  Koichi Sasada  <ko1@atdot.net>
+
+	* vm_trace.c, vm_core.h: simplify tracing mechanism.
+
+	  (1) add rb_hook_list_t data structure which includes
+	      hooks, events (flag) and `need_clean' flag.
+	      If the last flag is true, then clean the hooks list.
+	      In other words, deleted hooks are contained by `hooks'.
+	      Cleanup process should run before traversing the list.
+	  (2) Change check mechanism
+	      See EXEC_EVENT_HOOK() in vm_core.h.
+	  (3) Add `raw' hooks APIs
+	      Normal hooks are guarded from exception by rb_protect().
+	      However, this protection is overhead for too simple
+	      functions which never cause exceptions.  `raw' hooks
+	      are executed without protection and faster.
+	      Now, we only provide registration APIs.  All `raw'
+	      hooks are kicked under protection (same as normal hooks).
+
+	* include/ruby/ruby.h: remove internal data definition and
+	  macros.
+
+	* internal.h (ruby_suppress_tracing), vm_trace.c: rename
+	  ruby_suppress_tracing() to rb_suppress_tracing()
+	  and remove unused function parameter.
+
+	* parse.y: fix to use renamed rb_suppress_tracing().
+
+	* thread.c (thread_create_core): no need to set RUBY_VM_VM.
+
+	* vm.c (mark_event_hooks): move definition to vm_trace.c.
author	NAKAMURA Usaku <usa@ruby-lang.org>	2022-04-12 20:25:48 +0900
committer	NAKAMURA Usaku <usa@ruby-lang.org>	2022-04-12 20:25:48 +0900
commit	c9c2245c0a25176072e02db9254f0e0c84c805cd (patch)
tree	61e80059a35598b3b2da400de2f6ff366fa1a89e /benchmark/vm1_blockparam_pass.yml
parent	389723d85433df0b487f02c94ca6a243d39a189e (diff)