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Object Shapes is used for accessing instance variables and representing the
"frozenness" of objects. Object instances have a "shape" and the shape
represents some attributes of the object (currently which instance variables are
set and the "frozenness"). Shapes form a tree data structure, and when a new
instance variable is set on an object, that object "transitions" to a new shape
in the shape tree. Each shape has an ID that is used for caching. The shape
structure is independent of class, so objects of different types can have the
same shape.
For example:
```ruby
class Foo
def initialize
# Starts with shape id 0
@a = 1 # transitions to shape id 1
@b = 1 # transitions to shape id 2
end
end
class Bar
def initialize
# Starts with shape id 0
@a = 1 # transitions to shape id 1
@b = 1 # transitions to shape id 2
end
end
foo = Foo.new # `foo` has shape id 2
bar = Bar.new # `bar` has shape id 2
```
Both `foo` and `bar` instances have the same shape because they both set
instance variables of the same name in the same order.
This technique can help to improve inline cache hits as well as generate more
efficient machine code in JIT compilers.
This commit also adds some methods for debugging shapes on objects. See
`RubyVM::Shape` for more details.
For more context on Object Shapes, see [Feature: #18776]
Co-Authored-By: Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
Co-Authored-By: Eileen M. Uchitelle <eileencodes@gmail.com>
Co-Authored-By: John Hawthorn <john@hawthorn.email>
Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6386
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Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6254
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by moving it fully into RbBaseCommand
Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6129
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Push the newly refactored lldb files into a sub-directory so that we're
not cluttering up the misc directory
Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6129
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Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6129
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Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6129
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`lldb_cruby.py` manages lldb custom commands using functions. The file
is a large list of Python functions, and an init handler to map some of
the Python functions into the debugger, to enable execution of custom
logic during a debugging session.
Since LLDB 3.7 (September 2015) there has also been support for using
python classes rather than bare functions, as long as those classes
implement a specific interface.
This PR Introduces some more defined structure to the LLDB helper
functions by switching from the function based implementation to the
class based one, and providing an auto-loading mechanism by which new
functions can be loaded.
The intention behind this change is to make working with the LLDB
helpers easier, by reducing code duplication, providing a consistent
structure and a clearer API for developers.
The current function based approach has some advantages and
disadvantages
Advantages:
- Adding new code is easy.
- All the code is self contained and searchable.
Disadvantages:
- No visible organisation of the file contents. This means
- Hard to tell which functions are utility functions and which are
available to you in a debugging session
- Lots of code duplication within lldb functions
- Large files quickly become intimidating to work with - for example,
`lldb_disasm.py` was implemented as a seperate Python module because
it was easier to start with a clean slate than add significant amounts
of code to `lldb_cruby.py`
This PR attempts, to fix the disadvantages of the current approach and
maintain, or enhance, the benefits. The new structure of a command looks
like this;
```
class TestCommand(RbBaseCommand):
# program is the keyword the user will type in lldb to execute this command
program = "test"
# help_string will be displayed in lldb when the user uses the help functions
help_string = "This is a test command to show how to implement lldb commands"
# call is where our command logic will be implemented
def call(self, debugger, command, exe_ctx, result):
pass
```
If the command fulfils the following criteria it will then be
auto-loaded when an lldb session is started:
- The package file must exist inside the `commands` directory and the
filename must end in `_command.py`
- The package must implement a class whose name ends in `Command`
- The class inherits from `RbBaseCommand` or at minimum a class that
shares the same interface as `RbBaseCommand` (at minimum this means
defining `__init__` and `__call__`, and using `__call__` to call
`call` which is defined in the subclasses).
- The class must have a class variable `package` that is a String. This
is the name of the command you'll call in the `lldb` debugger.
Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6129
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Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6134
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Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6052
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This commit makes `rp` report the correct array length in lldb.
When USING_RVARGC is set we use 7 bits of the flags to store the array
len rather than the usual 2, so they need to be part of the mask when
calculating the length in lldb.
When calculating whether rvargc is enabled I've used the same approach
that's used by `GC.using_rvargc?` which is to detect whether there is
more than one size pool in the current objspace.
Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6033
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rb_backtrace relies on the existend of RUBY_T_MASK. This is set up by
the global loading code in lldb_init()
rb_backtrace does not call lldb_init previously, and therefore would
only work if called after another lldb function that _did_ load the
globals.
Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6026
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Now that classes are using VWA, the RCLASS_PTR uses an offset to get the
rb_classext_t object. Doing this all the time in lldb is boring. So
script lldb to do it for us
Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6024
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Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6020
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Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/5957
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Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/5883
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In December 2021, we opened an [issue] to solicit feedback regarding the
porting of the YJIT codebase from C99 to Rust. There were some
reservations, but this project was given the go ahead by Ruby core
developers and Matz. Since then, we have successfully completed the port
of YJIT to Rust.
The new Rust version of YJIT has reached parity with the C version, in
that it passes all the CRuby tests, is able to run all of the YJIT
benchmarks, and performs similarly to the C version (because it works
the same way and largely generates the same machine code). We've even
incorporated some design improvements, such as a more fine-grained
constant invalidation mechanism which we expect will make a big
difference in Ruby on Rails applications.
Because we want to be careful, YJIT is guarded behind a configure
option:
```shell
./configure --enable-yjit # Build YJIT in release mode
./configure --enable-yjit=dev # Build YJIT in dev/debug mode
```
By default, YJIT does not get compiled and cargo/rustc is not required.
If YJIT is built in dev mode, then `cargo` is used to fetch development
dependencies, but when building in release, `cargo` is not required,
only `rustc`. At the moment YJIT requires Rust 1.60.0 or newer.
The YJIT command-line options remain mostly unchanged, and more details
about the build process are documented in `doc/yjit/yjit.md`.
The CI tests have been updated and do not take any more resources than
before.
The development history of the Rust port is available at the following
commit for interested parties:
https://github.com/Shopify/ruby/commit/1fd9573d8b4b65219f1c2407f30a0a60e537f8be
Our hope is that Rust YJIT will be compiled and included as a part of
system packages and compiled binaries of the Ruby 3.2 release. We do not
anticipate any major problems as Rust is well supported on every
platform which YJIT supports, but to make sure that this process works
smoothly, we would like to reach out to those who take care of building
systems packages before the 3.2 release is shipped and resolve any
issues that may come up.
[issue]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18481
Co-authored-by: Maxime Chevalier-Boisvert <maximechevalierb@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Noah Gibbs <the.codefolio.guy@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Kevin Newton <kddnewton@gmail.com>
Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/5826
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Commit dde164e968e382d50b07ad4559468885cbff33ef decoupled incremental
marking from page sizes. This commit changes Ruby heap page sizes to
64KiB. Doing so will have several benefits:
1. We can use compaction on systems with 64KiB system page sizes (e.g.
PowerPC).
2. Larger page sizes will allow Variable Width Allocation to increase
slot sizes and embed larger objects.
3. Since commit 002fa2859962f22de8afdbeece04966ea57b7da9, macOS has 64
KiB pages. Making page sizes 64 KiB will bring these systems to
parity.
I have attached some bechmark results below.
Discourse:
On Discourse, we saw much better p99 performance (e.g. for "categories"
it went from 214ms on master to 134ms on branch, for "home" it went
from 265ms to 251ms). We don’t see much change in p60, p75, and p90
performance. We also see a slight decrease in memory usage by 1.04x.
Branch RSS: 354.9MB
Master RSS: 368.2MB
railsbench:
On rails bench, we don’t see a big change in RPS or p99
performance. We don’t see a big difference in memory usage.
Branch RPS: 826.27
Master RPS: 824.85
Branch p99: 1.67
Master p99: 1.72
Branch RSS: 88.72MB
Master RSS: 88.48MB
liquid:
We don’t see a significant change in liquid performance.
Branch parse & render: 28.653 I/s
Master parse & render: 28.563 i/s
Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/5749
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Some of the symbols had changed names and the script was no longer
finding them.
Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/5716
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Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/5519
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Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/5495
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Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/5399
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Previously, YJIT assumed that basic blocks never consume more than
1 KiB of memory. This assumption does not hold for long Ruby methods
such as the one in the following:
```ruby
eval(<<RUBY)
def set_local_a_lot
#{'_=0;'*0x40000}
end
RUBY
set_local_a_lot
```
For low `--yjit-exec-mem-size` values, one basic block could exhaust the
entire buffer.
Introduce a new field `codeblock_t::dropped_bytes` that the assembler
sets whenever it runs out of space. Check this field in
gen_single_block() to respond to out of memory situations and other
error conditions. This design avoids making the control flow graph of
existing code generation functions more complex.
Use POSIX shell in misc/test_yjit_asm.sh since bash is expanding
`0%/*/*` differently.
Co-authored-by: Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/5209
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Some platforms don't want memory to be marked as writeable and
executable at the same time. When we write to the code block, we
calculate the OS page that the buffer position maps to. Then we call
`mprotect` to allow writes on that particular page. As an optimization,
we cache the "last written" aligned page which allows us to amortize the
cost of the `mprotect` call. In other words, sequential writes to the
same page will only call `mprotect` on the page once.
When we're done writing, we call `mprotect` on the entire JIT buffer.
This means we don't need to keep track of which pages were marked as
writeable, we let the OS take care of that.
Co-authored-by: John Hawthorn <john@hawthorn.email>
Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/5032
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* YJIT: use shorter encoding for mov(r64,imm) when unambiguous
Previously, for small constants such as `mov(RAX, imm_opnd(Qundef))`,
we emit an instruction with an 8-byte immediate. This form commonly
gets the `movabs` mnemonic.
In 64-bit mode, 32-bit operands get zero extended to 64-bit to fill the
register, so when the immediate is small enough, we can save 4 bytes by
using the `mov` variant that takes a 32-bit immediate and does a zero
extension.
Not implement with this change, there is an imm32 variant of `mov` that
does sign extension we could use. When the constant is negative, we
fallback to the `movabs` form.
In railsbench, this change yields roughly a 12% code size reduction for
the outlined block.
Co-authored-by: Jemma Issroff <jemmaissroff@gmail.com>
* [ci skip] comment edit. Please squash.
Co-authored-by: Jemma Issroff <jemmaissroff@gmail.com>
Notes:
Merged-By: maximecb <maximecb@ruby-lang.org>
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* New code page allocation logic
* Fix leaked globals
* Fix leaked symbols, yjit asm tests
* Make COUNTED_EXIT take a jit argument, so we can eliminate global ocb
* Remove extra whitespace
* Change block start_pos/end_pos to be pointers instead of uint32_t
* Change branch end_pos and start_pos to end_addr, start_addr
Notes:
Merged-By: maximecb <maximecb@ruby-lang.org>
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Since 46b66eb9e8e6de2d5750591e532310e8f8599d90, already `ary` has
been enclosed in `embed`.
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* rb_bug should be variadic
* Prefer ANSI-style prototypes over old K&R-style definitions
* Add missing argument types
Notes:
Merged-By: maximecb <maximecb@ruby-lang.org>
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This commit adds support for embedded strings with variable capacity and
uses Variable Width Allocation to allocate strings.
Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/4933
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On non RUBY_DEBUG builds, assert() compiles to nothing and the compiler
warns about uninitialized variables in those code paths. Replace
those asserts with rb_bug() to fix the warnings and do the assert in
all builds. Since yjit_asm_tests.c compiles outside of Ruby, it needed
a distinct version of rb_bug().
Also put YJIT_STATS check for function delcaration that is only defined
in YJIT_STATS builds.
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Since conventionally scripts don't live at the top level of the repo.
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This script is an lldb helper that just loops through all the comments
stored and prints out the comment along with the address corresponding
to the comment.
For example, I'm crashing in JIT code at address 0x0000000110000168.
Using the `lc` helper I can see that it's probably crashing inside the
exit back to the interpreter
```
(lldb) bt 5
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = EXC_BAD_ACCESS (code=1, address=0x22220021)
frame #0: 0x0000000110000168
* frame #1: 0x00000001002b5ff5 miniruby`invoke_block_from_c_bh [inlined] invoke_block(ec=0x0000000100e05350, iseq=0x0000000100c1ff10, self=0x0000000100c76cc0, captured=<unavailable>, cref=0x0000000000000000, type=<unavailable>, opt_pc=<unavailable>) at vm.c:1268:12
frame #2: 0x00000001002b5f7d miniruby`invoke_block_from_c_bh [inlined] invoke_iseq_block_from_c(ec=<unavailable>, captured=<unavailable>, self=0x0000000100c76cc0, argc=2, argv=<unavailable>, kw_splat=0, passed_block_handler=0x0000000000000000, cref=0x0000000000000000, is_lambda=<unavailable>, me=0x0000000000000000) at vm.c:1340
frame #3: 0x00000001002b5e14 miniruby`invoke_block_from_c_bh(ec=<unavailable>, block_handler=<unavailable>, argc=<unavailable>, argv=<unavailable>, kw_splat=0, passed_block_handler=0x0000000000000000, cref=0x0000000000000000, is_lambda=<unavailable>, force_blockarg=0) at vm.c:1358
frame #4: 0x000000010029860b miniruby`rb_yield_values(n=<unavailable>) at vm_eval.c:0
(lldb) lc
0x11000006d "putobject_INT2FIX_1_"
0x110000083 "leave"
0x110000087 "check for interrupts"
0x110000087 "RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS(ec)"
0x110000098 "check for finish frame"
0x1100000ed "getlocal_WC_0"
0x110000107 "getlocal_WC_1"
0x11000012a "opt_send_without_block"
0x110000139 "opt_send_without_block"
0x11000013c "exit to interpreter"
```
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This lets us use libcapstone directly from miniruby so we don't need a
Ruby Gem to to dev work.
Example usage:
```ruby
def foo(x)
if x < 1
"wow"
else
"neat"
end
end
iseq = RubyVM::InstructionSequence.of(method(:foo))
puts UJIT.disasm(iseq)
100.times { foo 1 }
puts UJIT.disasm(iseq)
```
Then in the terminal
```
$ ./miniruby test.rb
== disasm: #<ISeq:foo@test.rb:1 (1,0)-(7,3)> (catch: FALSE)
local table (size: 1, argc: 1 [opts: 0, rest: -1, post: 0, block: -1, kw: -1@-1, kwrest: -1])
[ 1] x@0<Arg>
0000 getlocal_WC_0 x@0 ( 2)[LiCa]
0002 putobject_INT2FIX_1_
0003 opt_lt <calldata!mid:<, argc:1, ARGS_SIMPLE>
0005 branchunless 10
0007 putstring "wow" ( 3)[Li]
0009 leave ( 7)[Re]
0010 putstring "neat" ( 5)[Li]
0012 leave ( 7)[Re]
== ISEQ RANGE: 10 -> 10 ========================================================
0x0: movabs rax, 0x7fe816e2d1a0
0xa: mov qword ptr [rdi], rax
0xd: mov r8, rax
0x10: mov r9, rax
0x13: mov r11, r12
0x16: jmp qword ptr [rax]
== ISEQ RANGE: 0 -> 7 ==========================================================
0x0: mov rax, qword ptr [rdi + 0x20]
0x4: mov rax, qword ptr [rax - 0x18]
0x8: mov qword ptr [rdx], rax
0xb: mov qword ptr [rdx + 8], 3
0x13: movabs rax, 0x7fe817808200
0x1d: test byte ptr [rax + 0x3e6], 1
0x24: jne 0x3ffff7b
0x2a: test byte ptr [rdx], 1
0x2d: je 0x3ffff7b
0x33: test byte ptr [rdx + 8], 1
0x37: je 0x3ffff7b
0x3d: mov rax, qword ptr [rdx]
0x40: cmp rax, qword ptr [rdx + 8]
0x44: movabs rax, 0
0x4e: movabs rcx, 0x14
0x58: cmovl rax, rcx
0x5c: mov qword ptr [rdx], rax
0x5f: test qword ptr [rdx], -9
0x66: jne 0x3ffffd5
```
Make sure to `brew install pkg-config capstone`
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This commits implements size classes in the GC for the Variable Width
Allocation feature. Unless `USE_RVARGC` compile flag is set, only a
single size class is created, maintaining current behaviour. See the
redmine ticket for more details.
Co-authored-by: Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/4773
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This commit removes T_PAYLOAD since the new VWA implementation no longer
requires T_PAYLOAD types.
Co-authored-by: Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/4773
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This reverts commits 48ff7a9f3e47bffb3e4d067a12ba9b936261caa0
and b2e2cf2dedd104acad8610721db5e4d341f135ef because it is causing
crashes in SPARC solaris and i386 debian.
Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/4764
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This commits implements size classes in the GC for the Variable Width
Allocation feature. Unless `USE_RVARGC` compile flag is set, only a
single size class is created, maintaining current behaviour. See the
redmine ticket for more details.
Co-authored-by: Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/4680
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This commit removes T_PAYLOAD since the new VWA implementation no longer
requires T_PAYLOAD types.
Co-authored-by: Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
Notes:
Merged: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/4680
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